{"disclaimer":"Transcripts available through this tool are created by using automatic speech recognition and are not official records nor official documents of the United Nations. Official records and official documents are available on the Official Document System of the United Nations.","llms":{"note":"Plain-text sibling of this page, compact for LLM context. For the full API guide (search, listing, URL grammar) see /llms.txt.","textUrl":"/ar/asset/k13/k13fipxj23.txt","guide":"/llms.txt"},"video":{"id":"k13/k13fipxj23","kaltura_id":"1_3fipxj23","title":"OHCHR - Press conference: UN Special Rapporteur on the right to freedom of opinion and expression","clean_title":"OHCHR - Press conference: UN Special Rapporteur on the right to freedom of opinion and expression","url":"https://webtv.un.org/en/asset/k13/k13fipxj23","date":"2026-06-18T00:00:00.000Z","scheduled_time":"2026-06-18T10:00:00.000Z","status":"finished","duration":"00:32:24","category":"Press Conferences","body":null,"event_code":null,"event_type":null,"session_number":null,"pv_symbol":null,"pv_part":null,"slug":"asset/k13/k13fipxj23"},"metadata":{"summary":"Freedom of Expression in new frontiers: Big Tech and regulation of digital spaces","description":"Subject: Freedom of Expression in new frontiers: Big Tech and regulation of digital spaces. Speaker: Irene Khan, UN Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression","categories":["Media","Press Conferences"],"geographic_subject":[],"subject_topical":["FREEDOM","PRESS FREEDOM"],"corporate_name":["OFFICE OF THE UNITED NATIONS HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR HUMAN RIGHTS - OHCHR"],"speaker_affiliation":[],"related_documents":[]},"transcript":{"transcript_id":"assemblyai-universal-3-pro-595429b2-b7c0-41fd-92b7-5dbea05644b3","language":"en","data":[{"statement_number":1,"paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Good afternoon, everyone, and thank you for joining us today at this press conference.","start":0.421,"end":3.903,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Good","start":0.421,"end":0.583},{"text":"afternoon,","start":0.583,"end":0.987},{"text":"everyone,","start":1.004,"end":1.36},{"text":"and","start":1.425,"end":1.571},{"text":"thank","start":1.571,"end":1.797},{"text":"you","start":1.797,"end":1.894},{"text":"for","start":1.894,"end":2.121},{"text":"joining","start":2.121,"end":2.397},{"text":"us","start":2.445,"end":2.494},{"text":"today","start":2.542,"end":2.866},{"text":"at","start":2.866,"end":3.012},{"text":"this","start":3.012,"end":3.19},{"text":"press","start":3.19,"end":3.433},{"text":"conference.","start":3.433,"end":3.903}]},{"text":"Our speaker today is Irene Kahn, Special Rapporteur on Freedom of Expression.","start":4.389,"end":8.179,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Our","start":4.389,"end":4.486},{"text":"speaker","start":4.486,"end":4.907},{"text":"today","start":4.972,"end":5.328},{"text":"is","start":5.36,"end":5.425},{"text":"Irene","start":5.603,"end":5.83},{"text":"Kahn,","start":5.927,"end":6.154},{"text":"Special","start":6.267,"end":6.656},{"text":"Rapporteur","start":6.656,"end":7.077},{"text":"on","start":7.077,"end":7.126},{"text":"Freedom","start":7.158,"end":7.514},{"text":"of","start":7.563,"end":7.644},{"text":"Expression.","start":7.644,"end":8.179}]},{"text":"She will brief you today on her final report to the Human Rights Council as Mandate Holder, Freedom of Expression: A New Frontiers.","start":8.62,"end":15.398,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"She","start":8.62,"end":8.668},{"text":"will","start":8.668,"end":8.797},{"text":"brief","start":8.878,"end":9.071},{"text":"you","start":9.12,"end":9.217},{"text":"today","start":9.217,"end":9.539},{"text":"on","start":9.539,"end":9.636},{"text":"her","start":9.701,"end":9.894},{"text":"final","start":10.185,"end":10.572},{"text":"report","start":10.572,"end":10.976},{"text":"to","start":10.976,"end":11.073},{"text":"the","start":11.073,"end":11.137},{"text":"Human","start":11.218,"end":11.379},{"text":"Rights","start":11.379,"end":11.638},{"text":"Council","start":11.638,"end":12.154},{"text":"as","start":12.219,"end":12.331},{"text":"Mandate","start":12.364,"end":12.751},{"text":"Holder,","start":12.751,"end":13.074},{"text":"Freedom","start":13.494,"end":13.816},{"text":"of","start":13.816,"end":13.897},{"text":"Expression:","start":13.897,"end":14.478},{"text":"A","start":14.543,"end":14.559},{"text":"New","start":14.559,"end":14.752},{"text":"Frontiers.","start":14.785,"end":15.398}]},{"text":"We will begin with opening remarks by the Special Rapporteur before moving to questions.","start":15.834,"end":19.863,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":15.834,"end":15.979},{"text":"will","start":15.979,"end":16.043},{"text":"begin","start":16.156,"end":16.366},{"text":"with","start":16.463,"end":16.576},{"text":"opening","start":16.657,"end":16.963},{"text":"remarks","start":17.028,"end":17.528},{"text":"by","start":17.528,"end":17.641},{"text":"the","start":17.69,"end":17.77},{"text":"Special","start":17.9,"end":18.014},{"text":"Rapporteur","start":18.014,"end":18.603},{"text":"before","start":18.652,"end":18.979},{"text":"moving","start":18.979,"end":19.208},{"text":"to","start":19.241,"end":19.339},{"text":"questions.","start":19.388,"end":19.863}]},{"text":"Miss Kahn, you have the floor.","start":20.452,"end":21.45,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Miss","start":20.452,"end":20.632},{"text":"Kahn,","start":20.632,"end":20.844},{"text":"you","start":20.861,"end":20.959},{"text":"have","start":20.959,"end":21.122},{"text":"the","start":21.122,"end":21.204},{"text":"floor.","start":21.204,"end":21.45}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":null,"affiliation_full":null,"group":null,"function":"Moderator"}},{"statement_number":2,"paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you.","start":24.06,"end":24.387,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":24.06,"end":24.321},{"text":"you.","start":24.321,"end":24.387}]},{"text":"Thank you very much, and thank you to those who are in the room or listening online.","start":24.436,"end":30.097,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":24.436,"end":24.665},{"text":"you","start":24.665,"end":24.747},{"text":"very","start":24.747,"end":24.927},{"text":"much,","start":24.927,"end":25.123},{"text":"and","start":25.958,"end":26.22},{"text":"thank","start":26.301,"end":26.612},{"text":"you","start":26.612,"end":26.76},{"text":"to","start":26.776,"end":26.874},{"text":"those","start":26.874,"end":27.087},{"text":"who","start":27.185,"end":27.267},{"text":"are","start":27.283,"end":27.66},{"text":"in","start":27.802,"end":27.882},{"text":"the","start":27.882,"end":27.978},{"text":"room","start":28.027,"end":28.171},{"text":"or","start":28.845,"end":29.102},{"text":"listening","start":29.182,"end":29.615},{"text":"online.","start":29.712,"end":30.097}]},{"text":"I'm going to give you a very brief introduction highlighting the points of my last report and the work that I'm doing— that I've done, and then, of course, look forward to your questions and comments.","start":30.707,"end":44.107,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I'm","start":30.707,"end":30.98},{"text":"going","start":31.012,"end":31.22},{"text":"to","start":31.317,"end":31.429},{"text":"give","start":31.734,"end":31.862},{"text":"you","start":31.91,"end":31.991},{"text":"a","start":32.199,"end":32.215},{"text":"very","start":32.215,"end":32.504},{"text":"brief","start":32.536,"end":32.873},{"text":"introduction","start":33.242,"end":33.852},{"text":"highlighting","start":34.286,"end":34.831},{"text":"the","start":34.863,"end":34.944},{"text":"points","start":34.944,"end":35.297},{"text":"of","start":35.586,"end":35.714},{"text":"my","start":35.826,"end":35.987},{"text":"last","start":36.051,"end":36.372},{"text":"report","start":36.372,"end":36.95},{"text":"and","start":36.95,"end":37.014},{"text":"the","start":37.094,"end":37.174},{"text":"work","start":37.19,"end":37.495},{"text":"that","start":37.656,"end":37.752},{"text":"I'm","start":37.816,"end":38.587},{"text":"doing—","start":38.699,"end":38.908},{"text":"that","start":39.437,"end":39.582},{"text":"I've","start":39.582,"end":39.662},{"text":"done,","start":39.662,"end":39.79},{"text":"and","start":40.384,"end":40.689},{"text":"then,","start":41.026,"end":41.09},{"text":"of","start":41.187,"end":41.251},{"text":"course,","start":41.283,"end":41.459},{"text":"look","start":41.508,"end":41.668},{"text":"forward","start":41.668,"end":42.005},{"text":"to","start":42.326,"end":42.486},{"text":"your","start":42.486,"end":42.743},{"text":"questions","start":42.984,"end":43.449},{"text":"and","start":43.514,"end":43.578},{"text":"comments.","start":43.674,"end":44.107}]},{"text":"My last report is about the biggest factor that has affected freedom of expression, I would say, for centuries, and that is digital technology.","start":45.135,"end":56.577,"topics":[{"key":"digital-freedom","label":"Digital Freedom of Expression","description":"The discussion focused on how digital platforms and AI are transforming freedom of expression while also enabling censorship, manipulation, hate, and disinformation. Speakers stressed that the online information environment is increasingly hostile to dissent, journalists, women, and the broader public."}],"words":[{"text":"My","start":45.135,"end":45.359},{"text":"last","start":45.359,"end":45.953},{"text":"report","start":46.081,"end":46.659},{"text":"is","start":47.285,"end":47.43},{"text":"about","start":47.702,"end":48.328},{"text":"the","start":49.083,"end":49.163},{"text":"biggest","start":49.628,"end":50.158},{"text":"factor","start":50.174,"end":50.784},{"text":"that","start":50.992,"end":51.137},{"text":"has","start":51.137,"end":51.201},{"text":"affected","start":51.249,"end":51.923},{"text":"freedom","start":52.196,"end":52.405},{"text":"of","start":52.453,"end":52.565},{"text":"expression,","start":52.597,"end":53.047},{"text":"I","start":53.159,"end":53.239},{"text":"would","start":53.303,"end":53.4},{"text":"say,","start":53.4,"end":53.544},{"text":"for","start":53.56,"end":53.705},{"text":"centuries,","start":53.721,"end":54.411},{"text":"and","start":54.828,"end":54.892},{"text":"that","start":54.924,"end":55.165},{"text":"is","start":55.165,"end":55.213},{"text":"digital","start":55.47,"end":55.887},{"text":"technology.","start":55.887,"end":56.577}]},{"text":"As well as the shrinking of the space for freedom of expression.","start":57.412,"end":61.217,"topics":[{"key":"digital-freedom","label":"Digital Freedom of Expression","description":"The discussion focused on how digital platforms and AI are transforming freedom of expression while also enabling censorship, manipulation, hate, and disinformation. Speakers stressed that the online information environment is increasingly hostile to dissent, journalists, women, and the broader public."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":57.412,"end":57.46},{"text":"well","start":57.637,"end":57.765},{"text":"as","start":57.813,"end":57.942},{"text":"the","start":57.974,"end":58.054},{"text":"shrinking","start":58.054,"end":58.664},{"text":"of","start":59.002,"end":59.05},{"text":"the","start":59.098,"end":59.178},{"text":"space","start":59.178,"end":59.531},{"text":"for","start":60.061,"end":60.158},{"text":"freedom","start":60.158,"end":60.543},{"text":"of","start":60.543,"end":60.671},{"text":"expression.","start":60.687,"end":61.217}]},{"text":"Uh, it is shrinking dangerously because many states are actually using digital technology to, uh, actually, uh, suppress, uh, dissent.","start":62.133,"end":71.799,"topics":[{"key":"digital-freedom","label":"Digital Freedom of Expression","description":"The discussion focused on how digital platforms and AI are transforming freedom of expression while also enabling censorship, manipulation, hate, and disinformation. Speakers stressed that the online information environment is increasingly hostile to dissent, journalists, women, and the broader public."},{"key":"democratic-backsliding","label":"Democratic Backsliding and Suppression of Dissent","description":"Another recurring topic was the use of criminal, security, counter-terrorism, and related laws by states, including liberal democracies, to silence lawful speech and protest. Examples raised concerns about shrinking civic space, double standards, and the weakening of democratic norms."}],"words":[{"text":"Uh,","start":62.133,"end":62.181},{"text":"it","start":62.566,"end":62.646},{"text":"is","start":62.646,"end":62.775},{"text":"shrinking","start":62.775,"end":63.096},{"text":"dangerously","start":63.192,"end":63.802},{"text":"because","start":63.995,"end":64.284},{"text":"many","start":64.3,"end":64.493},{"text":"states","start":64.493,"end":65.071},{"text":"are","start":65.344,"end":65.392},{"text":"actually","start":65.424,"end":65.745},{"text":"using","start":65.826,"end":66.131},{"text":"digital","start":66.163,"end":66.548},{"text":"technology","start":66.548,"end":67.094},{"text":"to,","start":67.608,"end":67.736},{"text":"uh,","start":68.073,"end":68.09},{"text":"actually,","start":68.796,"end":69.342},{"text":"uh,","start":69.599,"end":69.775},{"text":"suppress,","start":70.032,"end":70.675},{"text":"uh,","start":71.205,"end":71.221},{"text":"dissent.","start":71.365,"end":71.799}]},{"text":"And the corporate digital giants on their side are manipulating the online space to enrich themselves.","start":72.569,"end":81.465,"topics":[{"key":"big-tech-power","label":"Big Tech Power and Accountability","description":"A major theme was the concentration of power in a small number of digital companies that shape the rights of billions with limited oversight. The debate emphasized independent regulation, reducing monopolies, and making companies answer for human rights harms rather than allowing profit to dominate public interest."},{"key":"digital-freedom","label":"Digital Freedom of Expression","description":"The discussion focused on how digital platforms and AI are transforming freedom of expression while also enabling censorship, manipulation, hate, and disinformation. Speakers stressed that the online information environment is increasingly hostile to dissent, journalists, women, and the broader public."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":72.569,"end":72.874},{"text":"the","start":72.971,"end":73.067},{"text":"corporate","start":73.067,"end":73.549},{"text":"digital","start":73.87,"end":74.4},{"text":"giants","start":74.753,"end":75.171},{"text":"on","start":75.235,"end":75.283},{"text":"their","start":75.395,"end":75.556},{"text":"side","start":75.556,"end":76.005},{"text":"are","start":76.359,"end":76.455},{"text":"manipulating","start":76.455,"end":77.29},{"text":"the","start":77.547,"end":77.627},{"text":"online","start":77.707,"end":78.093},{"text":"space","start":78.141,"end":78.575},{"text":"to","start":79.666,"end":79.779},{"text":"enrich","start":80.614,"end":80.903},{"text":"themselves.","start":80.999,"end":81.465}]},{"text":"Now, I want to highlight a few of the trends that I see, dangerous trends and factors that are supporting this strategy of states and companies.","start":82.284,"end":93.316,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Now,","start":82.284,"end":82.412},{"text":"I","start":82.862,"end":82.942},{"text":"want","start":82.942,"end":83.104},{"text":"to","start":83.104,"end":83.184},{"text":"highlight","start":83.249,"end":83.764},{"text":"a","start":83.99,"end":84.006},{"text":"few","start":84.055,"end":84.28},{"text":"of","start":84.312,"end":84.409},{"text":"the","start":84.409,"end":84.538},{"text":"trends","start":84.538,"end":84.844},{"text":"that","start":84.877,"end":85.022},{"text":"I","start":85.022,"end":85.054},{"text":"see,","start":85.054,"end":85.344},{"text":"dangerous","start":85.36,"end":85.731},{"text":"trends","start":85.828,"end":86.134},{"text":"and","start":86.166,"end":86.231},{"text":"factors","start":86.247,"end":86.859},{"text":"that","start":87.697,"end":87.939},{"text":"are","start":88.004,"end":88.133},{"text":"supporting","start":88.568,"end":89.196},{"text":"this","start":89.873,"end":89.986},{"text":"strategy","start":90.341,"end":90.808},{"text":"of","start":90.841,"end":90.97},{"text":"states","start":91.245,"end":91.665},{"text":"and","start":92.28,"end":92.668},{"text":"companies.","start":92.863,"end":93.316}]},{"text":"The first is, of course, the digital revolution itself.","start":93.591,"end":97.167,"topics":[{"key":"digital-freedom","label":"Digital Freedom of Expression","description":"The discussion focused on how digital platforms and AI are transforming freedom of expression while also enabling censorship, manipulation, hate, and disinformation. Speakers stressed that the online information environment is increasingly hostile to dissent, journalists, women, and the broader public."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":93.591,"end":93.72},{"text":"first","start":93.736,"end":94.254},{"text":"is,","start":94.319,"end":94.384},{"text":"of","start":94.416,"end":94.529},{"text":"course,","start":94.562,"end":94.885},{"text":"the","start":95.193,"end":95.273},{"text":"digital","start":95.29,"end":95.759},{"text":"revolution","start":96.018,"end":96.552},{"text":"itself.","start":96.73,"end":97.167}]},{"text":"It has brought transformative change, but it has come at a huge cost, and the cost is not being borne by those who are profiting from it.","start":98.752,"end":109.325,"topics":[{"key":"big-tech-power","label":"Big Tech Power and Accountability","description":"A major theme was the concentration of power in a small number of digital companies that shape the rights of billions with limited oversight. The debate emphasized independent regulation, reducing monopolies, and making companies answer for human rights harms rather than allowing profit to dominate public interest."},{"key":"digital-freedom","label":"Digital Freedom of Expression","description":"The discussion focused on how digital platforms and AI are transforming freedom of expression while also enabling censorship, manipulation, hate, and disinformation. Speakers stressed that the online information environment is increasingly hostile to dissent, journalists, women, and the broader public."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":98.752,"end":99.06},{"text":"has","start":99.173,"end":99.383},{"text":"brought","start":100.062,"end":100.401},{"text":"transformative","start":100.627,"end":101.612},{"text":"change,","start":101.757,"end":102.322},{"text":"but","start":102.644,"end":102.806},{"text":"it","start":102.806,"end":102.903},{"text":"has","start":102.903,"end":103.015},{"text":"come","start":103.128,"end":103.258},{"text":"at","start":103.37,"end":103.467},{"text":"a","start":103.467,"end":103.532},{"text":"huge","start":103.532,"end":104.081},{"text":"cost,","start":104.161,"end":104.629},{"text":"and","start":105.049,"end":105.129},{"text":"the","start":105.146,"end":105.242},{"text":"cost","start":105.307,"end":105.839},{"text":"is","start":106.114,"end":106.194},{"text":"not","start":106.356,"end":106.775},{"text":"being","start":107.324,"end":107.614},{"text":"borne","start":107.647,"end":107.921},{"text":"by","start":107.969,"end":108.131},{"text":"those","start":108.131,"end":108.341},{"text":"who","start":108.389,"end":108.421},{"text":"are","start":108.454,"end":108.534},{"text":"profiting","start":108.534,"end":109.067},{"text":"from","start":109.083,"end":109.26},{"text":"it.","start":109.26,"end":109.325}]},{"text":"The cost is actually being borne by ordinary people, women who are being attacked online, children who feel endangered, whose health and safety are also endangered online, journalists and the media that has suffered very much.","start":109.703,"end":123.942,"topics":[{"key":"digital-freedom","label":"Digital Freedom of Expression","description":"The discussion focused on how digital platforms and AI are transforming freedom of expression while also enabling censorship, manipulation, hate, and disinformation. Speakers stressed that the online information environment is increasingly hostile to dissent, journalists, women, and the broader public."},{"key":"childrens-online-rights","label":"Children's Online Rights","description":"The discussion highlighted the tension between protecting children online and preserving their rights to access information and express themselves. Blanket social media bans for those under 16 were criticized as ineffective, with speakers arguing that governments should instead require safer platform design and stronger corporate due diligence."},{"key":"media-pluralism","label":"Media Pluralism and Public-Interest Information","description":"Participants stressed the importance of independent, diverse, and pluralistic media as a pillar of democracy and a public good. Concerns were raised about media deserts, the decline of independent journalism, and the need to invest in healthier information ecosystems."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":109.703,"end":109.784},{"text":"cost","start":109.865,"end":110.205},{"text":"is","start":110.205,"end":110.286},{"text":"actually","start":110.334,"end":110.723},{"text":"being","start":110.755,"end":110.884},{"text":"borne","start":111.062,"end":111.273},{"text":"by","start":111.402,"end":111.548},{"text":"ordinary","start":111.645,"end":111.936},{"text":"people,","start":112.05,"end":112.503},{"text":"women","start":113.005,"end":113.231},{"text":"who","start":113.264,"end":113.345},{"text":"are","start":113.345,"end":113.409},{"text":"being","start":113.409,"end":113.555},{"text":"attacked","start":113.571,"end":114.057},{"text":"online,","start":114.057,"end":114.526},{"text":"children","start":114.947,"end":115.319},{"text":"who","start":115.514,"end":115.562},{"text":"feel","start":115.611,"end":115.87},{"text":"endangered,","start":115.87,"end":116.517},{"text":"whose","start":117.39,"end":117.584},{"text":"health","start":117.584,"end":117.972},{"text":"and","start":117.988,"end":118.069},{"text":"safety","start":118.069,"end":118.522},{"text":"are","start":118.943,"end":119.137},{"text":"also","start":119.509,"end":119.768},{"text":"endangered","start":119.768,"end":120.302},{"text":"online,","start":120.415,"end":120.787},{"text":"journalists","start":120.884,"end":121.709},{"text":"and","start":121.855,"end":121.935},{"text":"the","start":121.935,"end":122.016},{"text":"media","start":122.033,"end":122.631},{"text":"that","start":122.841,"end":122.922},{"text":"has","start":122.922,"end":123.003},{"text":"suffered","start":123.003,"end":123.489},{"text":"very","start":123.489,"end":123.699},{"text":"much.","start":123.731,"end":123.942}]},{"text":"And as you know, there are media deserts in parts of the world now as a result of that.","start":124.97,"end":129.253,"topics":[{"key":"media-pluralism","label":"Media Pluralism and Public-Interest Information","description":"Participants stressed the importance of independent, diverse, and pluralistic media as a pillar of democracy and a public good. Concerns were raised about media deserts, the decline of independent journalism, and the need to invest in healthier information ecosystems."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":124.97,"end":125.082},{"text":"as","start":125.082,"end":125.227},{"text":"you","start":125.227,"end":125.308},{"text":"know,","start":125.308,"end":125.469},{"text":"there","start":125.485,"end":125.646},{"text":"are","start":125.646,"end":125.71},{"text":"media","start":125.71,"end":126.032},{"text":"deserts","start":126.032,"end":126.564},{"text":"in","start":126.773,"end":127.063},{"text":"parts","start":127.176,"end":127.466},{"text":"of","start":127.514,"end":127.595},{"text":"the","start":127.643,"end":127.691},{"text":"world","start":127.739,"end":127.997},{"text":"now","start":127.997,"end":128.174},{"text":"as","start":128.303,"end":128.351},{"text":"a","start":128.448,"end":128.464},{"text":"result","start":128.529,"end":128.883},{"text":"of","start":128.883,"end":128.996},{"text":"that.","start":129.028,"end":129.253}]},{"text":"And of course, the public who no longer even control their own freedom of opinion, and who are being manipulated and struggling in information environments that are polluted by hate and lies.","start":129.978,"end":144.846,"topics":[{"key":"digital-freedom","label":"Digital Freedom of Expression","description":"The discussion focused on how digital platforms and AI are transforming freedom of expression while also enabling censorship, manipulation, hate, and disinformation. Speakers stressed that the online information environment is increasingly hostile to dissent, journalists, women, and the broader public."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":129.978,"end":130.091},{"text":"of","start":130.091,"end":130.203},{"text":"course,","start":130.22,"end":130.445},{"text":"the","start":130.461,"end":130.558},{"text":"public","start":130.558,"end":131.041},{"text":"who","start":133.618,"end":133.779},{"text":"no","start":133.779,"end":133.94},{"text":"longer","start":133.94,"end":134.33},{"text":"even","start":134.33,"end":134.565},{"text":"control","start":134.582,"end":134.918},{"text":"their","start":135.3,"end":135.38},{"text":"own","start":135.413,"end":135.542},{"text":"freedom","start":135.575,"end":135.898},{"text":"of","start":135.898,"end":135.995},{"text":"opinion,","start":135.995,"end":136.432},{"text":"and","start":137.015,"end":137.112},{"text":"who","start":137.112,"end":137.225},{"text":"are","start":137.257,"end":137.29},{"text":"being","start":137.29,"end":137.435},{"text":"manipulated","start":137.435,"end":138.293},{"text":"and","start":139.862,"end":140.315},{"text":"struggling","start":140.736,"end":141.772},{"text":"in","start":141.804,"end":141.852},{"text":"information","start":142.144,"end":142.645},{"text":"environments","start":142.694,"end":143.438},{"text":"that","start":143.568,"end":143.665},{"text":"are","start":143.665,"end":143.746},{"text":"polluted","start":143.746,"end":144.215},{"text":"by","start":144.215,"end":144.28},{"text":"hate","start":144.28,"end":144.474},{"text":"and","start":144.474,"end":144.587},{"text":"lies.","start":144.587,"end":144.846}]},{"text":"AI has complicated the whole issue, artificial intelligence.","start":145.996,"end":150.529,"topics":[{"key":"digital-freedom","label":"Digital Freedom of Expression","description":"The discussion focused on how digital platforms and AI are transforming freedom of expression while also enabling censorship, manipulation, hate, and disinformation. Speakers stressed that the online information environment is increasingly hostile to dissent, journalists, women, and the broader public."}],"words":[{"text":"AI","start":145.996,"end":146.255},{"text":"has","start":146.886,"end":147.032},{"text":"complicated","start":147.712,"end":148.408},{"text":"the","start":148.764,"end":148.845},{"text":"whole","start":148.845,"end":149.104},{"text":"issue,","start":149.153,"end":149.363},{"text":"artificial","start":149.477,"end":149.914},{"text":"intelligence.","start":149.914,"end":150.529}]},{"text":"And there we see governments talking about AI as a driver of economic growth and downplaying the risks of it.","start":151.096,"end":158.127,"topics":[{"key":"digital-freedom","label":"Digital Freedom of Expression","description":"The discussion focused on how digital platforms and AI are transforming freedom of expression while also enabling censorship, manipulation, hate, and disinformation. Speakers stressed that the online information environment is increasingly hostile to dissent, journalists, women, and the broader public."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":151.096,"end":151.241},{"text":"there","start":151.274,"end":151.452},{"text":"we","start":151.517,"end":151.614},{"text":"see","start":151.614,"end":151.84},{"text":"governments","start":151.84,"end":152.245},{"text":"talking","start":152.245,"end":152.537},{"text":"about","start":152.569,"end":152.876},{"text":"AI","start":152.876,"end":153.086},{"text":"as","start":154.728,"end":154.793},{"text":"a","start":154.906,"end":154.922},{"text":"driver","start":154.986,"end":155.373},{"text":"of","start":155.389,"end":155.486},{"text":"economic","start":155.486,"end":155.872},{"text":"growth","start":155.872,"end":156.162},{"text":"and","start":156.677,"end":156.742},{"text":"downplaying","start":156.758,"end":157.273},{"text":"the","start":157.386,"end":157.467},{"text":"risks","start":157.467,"end":157.805},{"text":"of","start":157.805,"end":157.934},{"text":"it.","start":157.966,"end":158.127}]},{"text":"So far, the legal frameworks are extremely weak.","start":158.691,"end":161.735,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":158.691,"end":158.997},{"text":"far,","start":158.997,"end":159.255},{"text":"the","start":159.335,"end":159.416},{"text":"legal","start":159.416,"end":159.722},{"text":"frameworks","start":159.722,"end":160.382},{"text":"are","start":160.624,"end":160.769},{"text":"extremely","start":160.769,"end":161.397},{"text":"weak.","start":161.429,"end":161.735}]},{"text":"And there are no human rights guardrails, it seems, for innovation.","start":162.258,"end":166.669,"topics":[{"key":"big-tech-power","label":"Big Tech Power and Accountability","description":"A major theme was the concentration of power in a small number of digital companies that shape the rights of billions with limited oversight. The debate emphasized independent regulation, reducing monopolies, and making companies answer for human rights harms rather than allowing profit to dominate public interest."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":162.258,"end":162.725},{"text":"there","start":162.821,"end":162.934},{"text":"are","start":162.982,"end":163.014},{"text":"no","start":163.014,"end":163.288},{"text":"human","start":163.481,"end":163.723},{"text":"rights","start":163.723,"end":164.141},{"text":"guardrails,","start":164.286,"end":164.834},{"text":"it","start":164.866,"end":165.011},{"text":"seems,","start":165.011,"end":165.381},{"text":"for","start":165.896,"end":166.106},{"text":"innovation.","start":166.154,"end":166.669}]},{"text":"The second factor, of course, is the asymmetry between the power of the states and the power of these digital giants, the oligarchs and the companies.","start":167.99,"end":178.688,"topics":[{"key":"big-tech-power","label":"Big Tech Power and Accountability","description":"A major theme was the concentration of power in a small number of digital companies that shape the rights of billions with limited oversight. The debate emphasized independent regulation, reducing monopolies, and making companies answer for human rights harms rather than allowing profit to dominate public interest."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":167.99,"end":168.07},{"text":"second","start":168.07,"end":168.456},{"text":"factor,","start":168.456,"end":168.923},{"text":"of","start":169.358,"end":169.439},{"text":"course,","start":169.503,"end":169.793},{"text":"is","start":170.501,"end":170.614},{"text":"the","start":170.646,"end":170.727},{"text":"asymmetry","start":170.872,"end":171.5},{"text":"between","start":171.613,"end":171.873},{"text":"the","start":171.873,"end":172.003},{"text":"power","start":172.003,"end":172.327},{"text":"of","start":172.343,"end":172.441},{"text":"the","start":172.489,"end":172.57},{"text":"states","start":172.57,"end":173.074},{"text":"and","start":173.56,"end":173.625},{"text":"the","start":173.641,"end":173.723},{"text":"power","start":173.787,"end":174.242},{"text":"of","start":174.534,"end":174.664},{"text":"these","start":174.696,"end":174.907},{"text":"digital","start":175.102,"end":175.443},{"text":"giants,","start":175.508,"end":176.075},{"text":"the","start":176.546,"end":176.692},{"text":"oligarchs","start":176.725,"end":177.211},{"text":"and","start":177.682,"end":177.958},{"text":"the","start":178.185,"end":178.266},{"text":"companies.","start":178.266,"end":178.688}]},{"text":"Just a handful, a very small number of big tech companies and oligarchs are actually making decisions that affect the human rights of billions of people people around the world, and they do so with no accountability through a democratic process, no meaningful oversight, and often they face no consequences even when it is clear that their platforms may have contributed to genocide.","start":181.376,"end":210.017,"topics":[{"key":"big-tech-power","label":"Big Tech Power and Accountability","description":"A major theme was the concentration of power in a small number of digital companies that shape the rights of billions with limited oversight. The debate emphasized independent regulation, reducing monopolies, and making companies answer for human rights harms rather than allowing profit to dominate public interest."}],"words":[{"text":"Just","start":181.376,"end":181.57},{"text":"a","start":181.57,"end":181.602},{"text":"handful,","start":181.618,"end":182.07},{"text":"a","start":182.199,"end":182.215},{"text":"very","start":182.263,"end":182.537},{"text":"small","start":182.537,"end":182.811},{"text":"number","start":182.844,"end":183.199},{"text":"of","start":183.569,"end":183.698},{"text":"big","start":183.731,"end":183.908},{"text":"tech","start":183.973,"end":184.15},{"text":"companies","start":184.214,"end":184.666},{"text":"and","start":184.698,"end":184.876},{"text":"oligarchs","start":184.94,"end":185.472},{"text":"are","start":185.521,"end":185.779},{"text":"actually","start":185.811,"end":186.117},{"text":"making","start":186.117,"end":186.359},{"text":"decisions","start":186.392,"end":186.843},{"text":"that","start":186.875,"end":187.02},{"text":"affect","start":187.02,"end":187.311},{"text":"the","start":187.359,"end":187.44},{"text":"human","start":187.456,"end":187.73},{"text":"rights","start":187.746,"end":187.988},{"text":"of","start":187.988,"end":188.133},{"text":"billions","start":188.165,"end":188.536},{"text":"of","start":188.569,"end":188.633},{"text":"people","start":188.649,"end":190.842},{"text":"people","start":189.146,"end":189.306},{"text":"around","start":189.306,"end":189.531},{"text":"the","start":189.563,"end":189.707},{"text":"world,","start":189.707,"end":190.012},{"text":"and","start":190.606,"end":190.67},{"text":"they","start":190.766,"end":190.911},{"text":"do","start":190.927,"end":191.087},{"text":"so","start":191.087,"end":191.424},{"text":"with","start":192.37,"end":192.643},{"text":"no","start":192.868,"end":193.253},{"text":"accountability","start":193.59,"end":194.504},{"text":"through","start":194.953,"end":195.226},{"text":"a","start":195.258,"end":195.322},{"text":"democratic","start":195.322,"end":195.964},{"text":"process,","start":195.964,"end":196.461},{"text":"no","start":197.167,"end":197.392},{"text":"meaningful","start":197.889,"end":198.29},{"text":"oversight,","start":198.386,"end":199.028},{"text":"and","start":199.734,"end":199.814},{"text":"often","start":199.975,"end":200.183},{"text":"they","start":200.231,"end":200.327},{"text":"face","start":200.376,"end":200.584},{"text":"no","start":201.033,"end":201.354},{"text":"consequences","start":201.418,"end":202.204},{"text":"even","start":202.782,"end":203.167},{"text":"when","start":203.985,"end":204.146},{"text":"it","start":204.146,"end":204.242},{"text":"is","start":204.242,"end":204.29},{"text":"clear","start":204.402,"end":204.819},{"text":"that","start":205.429,"end":205.83},{"text":"their","start":206.167,"end":206.327},{"text":"platforms","start":206.327,"end":207.017},{"text":"may","start":207.851,"end":207.996},{"text":"have","start":207.996,"end":208.14},{"text":"contributed","start":208.156,"end":208.702},{"text":"to","start":209.375,"end":209.456},{"text":"genocide.","start":209.456,"end":210.017}]},{"text":"And such asymmetry of power actually challenges the human rights business model, which is one where states have the primary, primary obligation to protect the rights of people in their jurisdiction.","start":210.899,"end":224.597,"topics":[{"key":"big-tech-power","label":"Big Tech Power and Accountability","description":"A major theme was the concentration of power in a small number of digital companies that shape the rights of billions with limited oversight. The debate emphasized independent regulation, reducing monopolies, and making companies answer for human rights harms rather than allowing profit to dominate public interest."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":210.899,"end":210.963},{"text":"such","start":210.98,"end":211.268},{"text":"asymmetry","start":211.525,"end":211.99},{"text":"of","start":212.086,"end":212.183},{"text":"power","start":212.199,"end":212.664},{"text":"actually","start":213.37,"end":213.755},{"text":"challenges","start":213.931,"end":214.477},{"text":"the","start":214.589,"end":214.669},{"text":"human","start":214.669,"end":214.926},{"text":"rights","start":214.99,"end":215.6},{"text":"business","start":215.712,"end":216.001},{"text":"model,","start":216.098,"end":216.516},{"text":"which","start":216.821,"end":216.885},{"text":"is","start":216.933,"end":217.046},{"text":"one","start":217.142,"end":217.271},{"text":"where","start":217.48,"end":217.576},{"text":"states","start":217.576,"end":218.122},{"text":"have","start":218.122,"end":218.251},{"text":"the","start":218.267,"end":218.363},{"text":"primary,","start":218.363,"end":218.893},{"text":"primary","start":219.391,"end":219.777},{"text":"obligation","start":220.13,"end":220.741},{"text":"to","start":221.271,"end":221.383},{"text":"protect","start":221.416,"end":221.994},{"text":"the","start":222.203,"end":222.283},{"text":"rights","start":222.283,"end":222.701},{"text":"of","start":222.717,"end":222.797},{"text":"people","start":222.862,"end":223.247},{"text":"in","start":223.584,"end":223.633},{"text":"their","start":223.665,"end":223.842},{"text":"jurisdiction.","start":224.05,"end":224.597}]},{"text":"So the line between the regulator and the regulated has become blurred.","start":225.769,"end":231.425,"topics":[{"key":"big-tech-power","label":"Big Tech Power and Accountability","description":"A major theme was the concentration of power in a small number of digital companies that shape the rights of billions with limited oversight. The debate emphasized independent regulation, reducing monopolies, and making companies answer for human rights harms rather than allowing profit to dominate public interest."}],"words":[{"text":"So","start":225.769,"end":225.994},{"text":"the","start":225.994,"end":226.139},{"text":"line","start":226.139,"end":226.444},{"text":"between","start":226.476,"end":226.846},{"text":"the","start":227.264,"end":227.344},{"text":"regulator","start":227.344,"end":228.099},{"text":"and","start":228.565,"end":228.629},{"text":"the","start":228.645,"end":228.79},{"text":"regulated","start":228.79,"end":229.497},{"text":"has","start":230.155,"end":230.348},{"text":"become","start":230.557,"end":230.943},{"text":"blurred.","start":230.975,"end":231.425}]},{"text":"And this is more so in cases, of course, where the states themselves are colluding and working with companies to undermine freedom of expression.","start":232.822,"end":242.317,"topics":[{"key":"democratic-backsliding","label":"Democratic Backsliding and Suppression of Dissent","description":"Another recurring topic was the use of criminal, security, counter-terrorism, and related laws by states, including liberal democracies, to silence lawful speech and protest. Examples raised concerns about shrinking civic space, double standards, and the weakening of democratic norms."},{"key":"big-tech-power","label":"Big Tech Power and Accountability","description":"A major theme was the concentration of power in a small number of digital companies that shape the rights of billions with limited oversight. The debate emphasized independent regulation, reducing monopolies, and making companies answer for human rights harms rather than allowing profit to dominate public interest."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":232.822,"end":233.111},{"text":"this","start":233.224,"end":233.385},{"text":"is","start":233.385,"end":233.433},{"text":"more","start":233.529,"end":233.786},{"text":"so","start":233.786,"end":234.059},{"text":"in","start":234.091,"end":234.156},{"text":"cases,","start":234.252,"end":234.606},{"text":"of","start":234.654,"end":234.75},{"text":"course,","start":234.75,"end":235.055},{"text":"where","start":235.473,"end":235.618},{"text":"the","start":235.618,"end":235.698},{"text":"states","start":235.698,"end":235.987},{"text":"themselves","start":236.035,"end":236.646},{"text":"are","start":237.144,"end":237.192},{"text":"colluding","start":237.305,"end":237.754},{"text":"and","start":238.188,"end":238.252},{"text":"working","start":238.429,"end":238.734},{"text":"with","start":239.168,"end":239.393},{"text":"companies","start":239.409,"end":239.859},{"text":"to","start":240.518,"end":240.662},{"text":"undermine","start":240.678,"end":241.144},{"text":"freedom","start":241.482,"end":241.69},{"text":"of","start":241.739,"end":241.835},{"text":"expression.","start":241.835,"end":242.317}]},{"text":"So I want to also make the point that the problem that we see now in the digital sector, the problem that the digital sector has in terms of freedom of expression, is not only a result of corporate greed or corporate power.","start":242.783,"end":258.369,"topics":[{"key":"big-tech-power","label":"Big Tech Power and Accountability","description":"A major theme was the concentration of power in a small number of digital companies that shape the rights of billions with limited oversight. The debate emphasized independent regulation, reducing monopolies, and making companies answer for human rights harms rather than allowing profit to dominate public interest."}],"words":[{"text":"So","start":242.783,"end":243.008},{"text":"I","start":243.426,"end":243.442},{"text":"want","start":243.908,"end":244.085},{"text":"to","start":244.085,"end":244.181},{"text":"also","start":244.293,"end":244.486},{"text":"make","start":244.486,"end":244.711},{"text":"the","start":244.711,"end":244.792},{"text":"point","start":244.856,"end":245.209},{"text":"that","start":245.675,"end":245.836},{"text":"the","start":245.836,"end":245.981},{"text":"problem","start":245.981,"end":246.366},{"text":"that","start":246.463,"end":246.623},{"text":"we","start":246.623,"end":246.688},{"text":"see","start":246.704,"end":246.961},{"text":"now","start":246.961,"end":247.137},{"text":"in","start":247.925,"end":247.973},{"text":"the","start":248.005,"end":248.085},{"text":"digital","start":248.15,"end":248.503},{"text":"sector,","start":248.503,"end":249.033},{"text":"the","start":249.532,"end":249.612},{"text":"problem","start":249.837,"end":250.19},{"text":"that","start":250.255,"end":250.383},{"text":"the","start":250.431,"end":250.56},{"text":"digital","start":250.56,"end":250.881},{"text":"sector","start":250.881,"end":251.219},{"text":"has","start":251.219,"end":251.588},{"text":"in","start":252.022,"end":252.07},{"text":"terms","start":252.103,"end":252.36},{"text":"of","start":252.36,"end":252.424},{"text":"freedom","start":252.424,"end":252.761},{"text":"of","start":252.761,"end":252.89},{"text":"expression,","start":252.89,"end":253.468},{"text":"is","start":253.806,"end":253.918},{"text":"not","start":253.95,"end":254.256},{"text":"only","start":254.336,"end":254.641},{"text":"a","start":254.738,"end":254.818},{"text":"result","start":254.818,"end":255.445},{"text":"of","start":255.637,"end":255.766},{"text":"corporate","start":255.862,"end":256.425},{"text":"greed","start":256.762,"end":257.132},{"text":"or","start":257.244,"end":257.293},{"text":"corporate","start":257.389,"end":257.951},{"text":"power.","start":257.951,"end":258.369}]},{"text":"It is also as a result of the impulse of states themselves to use their authority to regulate, not to regulate to promote human rights, but to regulate, to promote censorship of speech very often.","start":258.771,"end":273.999,"topics":[{"key":"democratic-backsliding","label":"Democratic Backsliding and Suppression of Dissent","description":"Another recurring topic was the use of criminal, security, counter-terrorism, and related laws by states, including liberal democracies, to silence lawful speech and protest. Examples raised concerns about shrinking civic space, double standards, and the weakening of democratic norms."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":258.771,"end":258.867},{"text":"is","start":258.867,"end":258.98},{"text":"also","start":259.237,"end":259.638},{"text":"as","start":259.735,"end":259.783},{"text":"a","start":259.912,"end":260.04},{"text":"result","start":260.04,"end":260.619},{"text":"of","start":260.94,"end":261.036},{"text":"the","start":261.036,"end":261.181},{"text":"impulse","start":261.245,"end":261.743},{"text":"of","start":261.743,"end":261.84},{"text":"states","start":261.84,"end":262.177},{"text":"themselves","start":262.45,"end":263.077},{"text":"to","start":263.286,"end":263.479},{"text":"use","start":263.511,"end":263.993},{"text":"their","start":263.993,"end":264.154},{"text":"authority","start":264.154,"end":264.732},{"text":"to","start":265.021,"end":265.102},{"text":"regulate,","start":265.118,"end":265.76},{"text":"not","start":266.869,"end":267.223},{"text":"to","start":267.383,"end":267.496},{"text":"regulate","start":267.592,"end":268.235},{"text":"to","start":268.797,"end":268.861},{"text":"promote","start":268.893,"end":269.231},{"text":"human","start":269.231,"end":269.536},{"text":"rights,","start":269.536,"end":269.857},{"text":"but","start":270.098,"end":270.194},{"text":"to","start":270.258,"end":270.322},{"text":"regulate,","start":270.338,"end":271.045},{"text":"to","start":271.205,"end":271.302},{"text":"promote","start":271.302,"end":271.8},{"text":"censorship","start":271.96,"end":272.586},{"text":"of","start":272.586,"end":272.667},{"text":"speech","start":272.667,"end":273.116},{"text":"very","start":273.389,"end":273.598},{"text":"often.","start":273.63,"end":273.999}]},{"text":"And we have seen governments, including liberal democracies, increasingly use criminal laws to suppress dissenting voices.","start":274.513,"end":283.633,"topics":[{"key":"democratic-backsliding","label":"Democratic Backsliding and Suppression of Dissent","description":"Another recurring topic was the use of criminal, security, counter-terrorism, and related laws by states, including liberal democracies, to silence lawful speech and protest. Examples raised concerns about shrinking civic space, double standards, and the weakening of democratic norms."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":274.513,"end":274.577},{"text":"we","start":274.593,"end":274.738},{"text":"have","start":274.738,"end":274.834},{"text":"seen","start":274.834,"end":275.043},{"text":"governments,","start":275.139,"end":275.637},{"text":"including","start":275.798,"end":276.328},{"text":"liberal","start":276.36,"end":276.745},{"text":"democracies,","start":277.002,"end":277.612},{"text":"increasingly","start":278.592,"end":279.378},{"text":"use","start":279.475,"end":279.844},{"text":"criminal","start":280.294,"end":280.663},{"text":"laws","start":280.759,"end":280.984},{"text":"to","start":282.076,"end":282.188},{"text":"suppress","start":282.204,"end":282.654},{"text":"dissenting","start":282.686,"end":283.119},{"text":"voices.","start":283.184,"end":283.633}]},{"text":"We've seen populist governments and pop— political leaders weaponizing freedom of expression to incite violence, discrimination, hostility, against those who are most vulnerable in our society, minorities, migrants, and often also attacking women leaders in political or women journalists, for example, or media as a whole.","start":284.549,"end":308.927,"topics":[{"key":"democratic-backsliding","label":"Democratic Backsliding and Suppression of Dissent","description":"Another recurring topic was the use of criminal, security, counter-terrorism, and related laws by states, including liberal democracies, to silence lawful speech and protest. Examples raised concerns about shrinking civic space, double standards, and the weakening of democratic norms."},{"key":"media-pluralism","label":"Media Pluralism and Public-Interest Information","description":"Participants stressed the importance of independent, diverse, and pluralistic media as a pillar of democracy and a public good. Concerns were raised about media deserts, the decline of independent journalism, and the need to invest in healthier information ecosystems."}],"words":[{"text":"We've","start":284.549,"end":284.725},{"text":"seen","start":284.725,"end":285.078},{"text":"populist","start":285.512,"end":285.994},{"text":"governments","start":286.074,"end":286.556},{"text":"and","start":286.877,"end":286.941},{"text":"pop—","start":287.037,"end":287.214},{"text":"political","start":287.278,"end":287.744},{"text":"leaders","start":287.744,"end":288.049},{"text":"weaponizing","start":288.547,"end":289.093},{"text":"freedom","start":289.205,"end":289.526},{"text":"of","start":289.542,"end":289.671},{"text":"expression","start":289.671,"end":290.216},{"text":"to","start":290.65,"end":290.73},{"text":"incite","start":290.73,"end":291.212},{"text":"violence,","start":291.212,"end":291.71},{"text":"discrimination,","start":292.175,"end":292.946},{"text":"hostility,","start":293.042,"end":293.588},{"text":"against","start":293.926,"end":294.49},{"text":"those","start":294.908,"end":295.247},{"text":"who","start":295.311,"end":295.408},{"text":"are","start":295.408,"end":295.456},{"text":"most","start":295.456,"end":295.795},{"text":"vulnerable","start":295.795,"end":296.342},{"text":"in","start":296.342,"end":296.391},{"text":"our","start":296.439,"end":296.52},{"text":"society,","start":296.52,"end":297.18},{"text":"minorities,","start":297.325,"end":298.179},{"text":"migrants,","start":298.292,"end":298.936},{"text":"and","start":299.403,"end":299.484},{"text":"often","start":299.726,"end":300.032},{"text":"also","start":300.934,"end":301.16},{"text":"attacking","start":301.192,"end":301.627},{"text":"women","start":302.158,"end":302.416},{"text":"leaders","start":303.113,"end":303.422},{"text":"in","start":304.266,"end":304.315},{"text":"political","start":304.591,"end":305.176},{"text":"or","start":305.306,"end":305.354},{"text":"women","start":305.955,"end":306.199},{"text":"journalists,","start":306.199,"end":306.621},{"text":"for","start":306.686,"end":306.751},{"text":"example,","start":306.783,"end":307.401},{"text":"or","start":307.904,"end":308.083},{"text":"media","start":308.083,"end":308.408},{"text":"as","start":308.408,"end":308.537},{"text":"a","start":308.57,"end":308.635},{"text":"whole.","start":308.635,"end":308.927}]},{"text":"And what is perhaps the most dangerous factor of all this is that there is a rupture of international cooperation.","start":310.022,"end":320.442,"topics":[{"key":"multilateral-cooperation","label":"Multilateral Cooperation on Human Rights","description":"Several statements addressed the erosion of international law and the need for stronger coalitions to defend freedom of expression. The call was for multi-stakeholder and multilateral cooperation that keeps human rights at the center of technology governance rather than letting expression become a geopolitical bargaining tool."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":310.022,"end":310.087},{"text":"what","start":310.183,"end":310.344},{"text":"is","start":310.344,"end":310.393},{"text":"perhaps","start":310.57,"end":310.988},{"text":"the","start":310.988,"end":311.069},{"text":"most","start":311.069,"end":311.31},{"text":"dangerous","start":311.31,"end":311.794},{"text":"factor","start":311.794,"end":312.18},{"text":"of","start":312.18,"end":312.341},{"text":"all","start":312.341,"end":312.389},{"text":"this","start":312.518,"end":312.792},{"text":"is","start":313.549,"end":313.694},{"text":"that","start":314.45,"end":314.772},{"text":"there","start":316.624,"end":316.737},{"text":"is","start":316.801,"end":316.914},{"text":"a","start":316.962,"end":317.027},{"text":"rupture","start":317.027,"end":317.607},{"text":"of","start":319.265,"end":319.313},{"text":"international","start":319.363,"end":319.903},{"text":"cooperation.","start":319.953,"end":320.442}]},{"text":"And there is an erosion of international human rights law taking place, and that is, of course, being instigated by very powerful states.","start":321.358,"end":330.235,"topics":[{"key":"multilateral-cooperation","label":"Multilateral Cooperation on Human Rights","description":"Several statements addressed the erosion of international law and the need for stronger coalitions to defend freedom of expression. The call was for multi-stakeholder and multilateral cooperation that keeps human rights at the center of technology governance rather than letting expression become a geopolitical bargaining tool."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":321.358,"end":321.503},{"text":"there","start":321.535,"end":321.664},{"text":"is","start":321.696,"end":321.744},{"text":"an","start":321.793,"end":321.873},{"text":"erosion","start":322.018,"end":322.518},{"text":"of","start":322.582,"end":322.679},{"text":"international","start":322.679,"end":323.436},{"text":"human","start":323.549,"end":323.807},{"text":"rights","start":323.871,"end":324.113},{"text":"law","start":324.193,"end":324.435},{"text":"taking","start":324.902,"end":325.128},{"text":"place,","start":325.241,"end":325.643},{"text":"and","start":326.207,"end":326.272},{"text":"that","start":326.368,"end":326.61},{"text":"is,","start":326.61,"end":326.691},{"text":"of","start":326.707,"end":326.819},{"text":"course,","start":326.852,"end":327.174},{"text":"being","start":327.399,"end":327.544},{"text":"instigated","start":327.577,"end":328.237},{"text":"by","start":328.624,"end":328.817},{"text":"very","start":329.027,"end":329.204},{"text":"powerful","start":329.333,"end":329.752},{"text":"states.","start":329.752,"end":330.235}]},{"text":"And in my report and in my press release, I have highlighted this issue where freedom of expression has become a factor— a fodder for geopolitics.","start":330.702,"end":347.267,"topics":[{"key":"multilateral-cooperation","label":"Multilateral Cooperation on Human Rights","description":"Several statements addressed the erosion of international law and the need for stronger coalitions to defend freedom of expression. The call was for multi-stakeholder and multilateral cooperation that keeps human rights at the center of technology governance rather than letting expression become a geopolitical bargaining tool."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":330.702,"end":330.927},{"text":"in","start":330.976,"end":331.072},{"text":"my","start":331.121,"end":331.314},{"text":"report","start":333.295,"end":333.842},{"text":"and","start":333.859,"end":333.923},{"text":"in","start":333.939,"end":333.987},{"text":"my","start":334.1,"end":334.181},{"text":"press","start":334.487,"end":334.728},{"text":"release,","start":334.728,"end":334.938},{"text":"I","start":335.389,"end":335.405},{"text":"have","start":335.405,"end":335.517},{"text":"highlighted","start":335.55,"end":336.21},{"text":"this","start":336.355,"end":336.596},{"text":"issue","start":336.596,"end":336.902},{"text":"where","start":337.321,"end":337.482},{"text":"freedom","start":337.482,"end":337.837},{"text":"of","start":337.885,"end":337.982},{"text":"expression","start":337.982,"end":338.577},{"text":"has","start":338.997,"end":339.143},{"text":"become","start":339.321,"end":339.84},{"text":"a","start":340.619,"end":340.635},{"text":"factor—","start":340.716,"end":342.338},{"text":"a","start":344.122,"end":344.187},{"text":"fodder","start":344.187,"end":344.755},{"text":"for","start":346.382,"end":346.543},{"text":"geopolitics.","start":346.543,"end":347.267}]},{"text":"It's become something that is being used in the tariff wars.","start":347.59,"end":354.402,"topics":[{"key":"multilateral-cooperation","label":"Multilateral Cooperation on Human Rights","description":"Several statements addressed the erosion of international law and the need for stronger coalitions to defend freedom of expression. The call was for multi-stakeholder and multilateral cooperation that keeps human rights at the center of technology governance rather than letting expression become a geopolitical bargaining tool."}],"words":[{"text":"It's","start":347.59,"end":347.815},{"text":"become","start":347.815,"end":348.202},{"text":"something","start":349.941,"end":350.456},{"text":"that","start":351.68,"end":351.857},{"text":"is","start":351.857,"end":351.906},{"text":"being","start":352.099,"end":352.228},{"text":"used","start":352.324,"end":352.791},{"text":"in","start":353.162,"end":353.242},{"text":"the","start":353.307,"end":353.387},{"text":"tariff","start":353.468,"end":353.741},{"text":"wars.","start":354.015,"end":354.402}]},{"text":"Freedom of expression is actually an inalienable fundamental human rights.","start":355.159,"end":360.721,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Freedom","start":355.159,"end":355.432},{"text":"of","start":355.481,"end":355.561},{"text":"expression","start":355.61,"end":355.997},{"text":"is","start":357.029,"end":357.141},{"text":"actually","start":357.319,"end":357.706},{"text":"an","start":358.286,"end":358.351},{"text":"inalienable","start":358.528,"end":359.173},{"text":"fundamental","start":359.415,"end":360.028},{"text":"human","start":360.076,"end":360.286},{"text":"rights.","start":360.383,"end":360.721}]},{"text":"It's been privatized, monetized, manipulated, and unlawfully restricted.","start":361.189,"end":366.183,"topics":[{"key":"digital-freedom","label":"Digital Freedom of Expression","description":"The discussion focused on how digital platforms and AI are transforming freedom of expression while also enabling censorship, manipulation, hate, and disinformation. Speakers stressed that the online information environment is increasingly hostile to dissent, journalists, women, and the broader public."}],"words":[{"text":"It's","start":361.189,"end":361.286},{"text":"been","start":361.286,"end":361.447},{"text":"privatized,","start":361.447,"end":361.979},{"text":"monetized,","start":362.429,"end":362.979},{"text":"manipulated,","start":363.173,"end":363.804},{"text":"and","start":364.484,"end":364.548},{"text":"unlawfully","start":364.71,"end":365.341},{"text":"restricted.","start":365.535,"end":366.183}]},{"text":"Now what can we do about it?","start":366.976,"end":368.303,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Now","start":366.976,"end":367.008},{"text":"what","start":367.073,"end":367.299},{"text":"can","start":367.299,"end":367.364},{"text":"we","start":367.461,"end":367.558},{"text":"do","start":367.623,"end":367.769},{"text":"about","start":367.801,"end":368.125},{"text":"it?","start":368.125,"end":368.303}]},{"text":"In my report, I have put forward a number of recommendations.","start":368.853,"end":372.138,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":368.853,"end":368.901},{"text":"my","start":368.998,"end":369.095},{"text":"report,","start":369.176,"end":369.743},{"text":"I","start":370.131,"end":370.18},{"text":"have","start":370.455,"end":370.552},{"text":"put","start":370.552,"end":370.73},{"text":"forward","start":370.778,"end":371.167},{"text":"a","start":371.199,"end":371.215},{"text":"number","start":371.215,"end":371.604},{"text":"of","start":371.604,"end":371.685},{"text":"recommendations.","start":371.685,"end":372.138}]},{"text":"In my previous reports, I've talked about content moderation.","start":372.953,"end":375.813,"topics":[{"key":"digital-freedom","label":"Digital Freedom of Expression","description":"The discussion focused on how digital platforms and AI are transforming freedom of expression while also enabling censorship, manipulation, hate, and disinformation. Speakers stressed that the online information environment is increasingly hostile to dissent, journalists, women, and the broader public."},{"key":"big-tech-power","label":"Big Tech Power and Accountability","description":"A major theme was the concentration of power in a small number of digital companies that shape the rights of billions with limited oversight. The debate emphasized independent regulation, reducing monopolies, and making companies answer for human rights harms rather than allowing profit to dominate public interest."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":372.953,"end":373.001},{"text":"my","start":373.033,"end":373.13},{"text":"previous","start":373.274,"end":373.596},{"text":"reports,","start":373.596,"end":374.078},{"text":"I've","start":374.158,"end":374.303},{"text":"talked","start":374.319,"end":374.656},{"text":"about","start":374.656,"end":374.881},{"text":"content","start":374.881,"end":375.267},{"text":"moderation.","start":375.267,"end":375.813}]},{"text":"I've talked about trust and safety, how you enhance that.","start":375.989,"end":379.283,"topics":[{"key":"digital-freedom","label":"Digital Freedom of Expression","description":"The discussion focused on how digital platforms and AI are transforming freedom of expression while also enabling censorship, manipulation, hate, and disinformation. Speakers stressed that the online information environment is increasingly hostile to dissent, journalists, women, and the broader public."},{"key":"big-tech-power","label":"Big Tech Power and Accountability","description":"A major theme was the concentration of power in a small number of digital companies that shape the rights of billions with limited oversight. The debate emphasized independent regulation, reducing monopolies, and making companies answer for human rights harms rather than allowing profit to dominate public interest."}],"words":[{"text":"I've","start":375.989,"end":376.086},{"text":"talked","start":376.086,"end":376.504},{"text":"about","start":376.504,"end":376.857},{"text":"trust","start":377.146,"end":377.516},{"text":"and","start":377.516,"end":377.612},{"text":"safety,","start":377.612,"end":378.062},{"text":"how","start":378.239,"end":378.367},{"text":"you","start":378.48,"end":378.576},{"text":"enhance","start":378.576,"end":378.93},{"text":"that.","start":379.042,"end":379.283}]},{"text":"I've talked about all those issues of the day-to-day business of digital platforms and AI companies.","start":379.524,"end":386.706,"topics":[{"key":"digital-freedom","label":"Digital Freedom of Expression","description":"The discussion focused on how digital platforms and AI are transforming freedom of expression while also enabling censorship, manipulation, hate, and disinformation. Speakers stressed that the online information environment is increasingly hostile to dissent, journalists, women, and the broader public."},{"key":"big-tech-power","label":"Big Tech Power and Accountability","description":"A major theme was the concentration of power in a small number of digital companies that shape the rights of billions with limited oversight. The debate emphasized independent regulation, reducing monopolies, and making companies answer for human rights harms rather than allowing profit to dominate public interest."}],"words":[{"text":"I've","start":379.524,"end":379.685},{"text":"talked","start":379.701,"end":380.038},{"text":"about","start":380.038,"end":380.311},{"text":"all","start":380.568,"end":380.617},{"text":"those","start":380.809,"end":381.034},{"text":"issues","start":381.131,"end":381.597},{"text":"of","start":382.095,"end":382.159},{"text":"the","start":382.432,"end":382.528},{"text":"day-to-day","start":382.528,"end":382.994},{"text":"business","start":382.994,"end":383.348},{"text":"of","start":383.862,"end":384.007},{"text":"digital","start":384.36,"end":384.746},{"text":"platforms","start":384.746,"end":385.34},{"text":"and","start":385.79,"end":385.951},{"text":"AI","start":385.951,"end":386.208},{"text":"companies.","start":386.208,"end":386.706}]},{"text":"Here, what I'm talking about, I'm giving a higher-level picture to governments, a kind of a pathway to deal with these issues.","start":387.011,"end":395.012,"topics":[{"key":"multilateral-cooperation","label":"Multilateral Cooperation on Human Rights","description":"Several statements addressed the erosion of international law and the need for stronger coalitions to defend freedom of expression. The call was for multi-stakeholder and multilateral cooperation that keeps human rights at the center of technology governance rather than letting expression become a geopolitical bargaining tool."},{"key":"big-tech-power","label":"Big Tech Power and Accountability","description":"A major theme was the concentration of power in a small number of digital companies that shape the rights of billions with limited oversight. The debate emphasized independent regulation, reducing monopolies, and making companies answer for human rights harms rather than allowing profit to dominate public interest."}],"words":[{"text":"Here,","start":387.011,"end":387.364},{"text":"what","start":387.734,"end":387.846},{"text":"I'm","start":387.846,"end":388.039},{"text":"talking","start":388.055,"end":388.344},{"text":"about,","start":388.393,"end":388.778},{"text":"I'm","start":388.794,"end":389.341},{"text":"giving","start":389.405,"end":389.63},{"text":"a","start":389.662,"end":389.726},{"text":"higher-level","start":389.726,"end":390.401},{"text":"picture","start":390.529,"end":390.979},{"text":"to","start":391.365,"end":391.477},{"text":"governments,","start":391.509,"end":392.056},{"text":"a","start":392.329,"end":392.345},{"text":"kind","start":392.473,"end":392.634},{"text":"of","start":392.634,"end":392.714},{"text":"a","start":392.714,"end":392.731},{"text":"pathway","start":392.875,"end":393.534},{"text":"to","start":393.936,"end":394.048},{"text":"deal","start":394.08,"end":394.321},{"text":"with","start":394.321,"end":394.417},{"text":"these","start":394.466,"end":394.61},{"text":"issues.","start":394.658,"end":395.012}]},{"text":"The first of all, I'm telling them they need to build coalitions.","start":395.59,"end":399.029,"topics":[{"key":"multilateral-cooperation","label":"Multilateral Cooperation on Human Rights","description":"Several statements addressed the erosion of international law and the need for stronger coalitions to defend freedom of expression. The call was for multi-stakeholder and multilateral cooperation that keeps human rights at the center of technology governance rather than letting expression become a geopolitical bargaining tool."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":395.59,"end":395.687},{"text":"first","start":395.687,"end":396.072},{"text":"of","start":396.072,"end":396.233},{"text":"all,","start":396.233,"end":396.281},{"text":"I'm","start":396.554,"end":396.731},{"text":"telling","start":396.731,"end":396.94},{"text":"them","start":397.036,"end":397.213},{"text":"they","start":397.454,"end":397.534},{"text":"need","start":397.534,"end":397.824},{"text":"to","start":397.952,"end":398.065},{"text":"build","start":398.161,"end":398.386},{"text":"coalitions.","start":398.482,"end":399.029}]},{"text":"Coalitions of multi-stakeholders, not just of governments themselves.","start":399.71,"end":407.586,"topics":[{"key":"multilateral-cooperation","label":"Multilateral Cooperation on Human Rights","description":"Several statements addressed the erosion of international law and the need for stronger coalitions to defend freedom of expression. The call was for multi-stakeholder and multilateral cooperation that keeps human rights at the center of technology governance rather than letting expression become a geopolitical bargaining tool."}],"words":[{"text":"Coalitions","start":399.71,"end":400.113},{"text":"of","start":401.824,"end":404.309},{"text":"multi-stakeholders,","start":404.81,"end":405.762},{"text":"not","start":406.117,"end":406.23},{"text":"just","start":406.279,"end":406.537},{"text":"of","start":406.537,"end":406.65},{"text":"governments","start":406.682,"end":407.069},{"text":"themselves.","start":407.069,"end":407.586}]},{"text":"They, of course, have to be there, but also civil society, with experts, with activists, and others.","start":408.135,"end":415.511,"topics":[{"key":"multilateral-cooperation","label":"Multilateral Cooperation on Human Rights","description":"Several statements addressed the erosion of international law and the need for stronger coalitions to defend freedom of expression. The call was for multi-stakeholder and multilateral cooperation that keeps human rights at the center of technology governance rather than letting expression become a geopolitical bargaining tool."}],"words":[{"text":"They,","start":408.135,"end":408.199},{"text":"of","start":408.215,"end":408.312},{"text":"course,","start":408.361,"end":408.538},{"text":"have","start":408.554,"end":408.667},{"text":"to","start":408.7,"end":408.78},{"text":"be","start":408.78,"end":408.91},{"text":"there,","start":408.91,"end":409.054},{"text":"but","start":409.747,"end":409.859},{"text":"also","start":409.988,"end":410.455},{"text":"civil","start":410.648,"end":410.89},{"text":"society,","start":410.89,"end":411.566},{"text":"with","start":412.065,"end":412.226},{"text":"experts,","start":412.323,"end":412.967},{"text":"with","start":413.595,"end":413.82},{"text":"activists,","start":414.158,"end":414.819},{"text":"and","start":415.06,"end":415.189},{"text":"others.","start":415.285,"end":415.511}]},{"text":"Because they need that power of the many in order to resist the few.","start":417.556,"end":422.063,"topics":[{"key":"big-tech-power","label":"Big Tech Power and Accountability","description":"A major theme was the concentration of power in a small number of digital companies that shape the rights of billions with limited oversight. The debate emphasized independent regulation, reducing monopolies, and making companies answer for human rights harms rather than allowing profit to dominate public interest."}],"words":[{"text":"Because","start":417.556,"end":418.006},{"text":"they","start":418.119,"end":418.28},{"text":"need","start":418.28,"end":418.522},{"text":"that","start":418.522,"end":418.684},{"text":"power","start":418.684,"end":419.12},{"text":"of","start":419.637,"end":419.702},{"text":"the","start":419.751,"end":419.864},{"text":"many","start":419.864,"end":420.187},{"text":"in","start":420.624,"end":420.672},{"text":"order","start":420.769,"end":420.947},{"text":"to","start":421.028,"end":421.109},{"text":"resist","start":421.109,"end":421.642},{"text":"the","start":421.675,"end":421.756},{"text":"few.","start":421.82,"end":422.063}]},{"text":"Secondly, I'm asking for strengthening of institutions.","start":422.823,"end":426.008,"topics":[{"key":"big-tech-power","label":"Big Tech Power and Accountability","description":"A major theme was the concentration of power in a small number of digital companies that shape the rights of billions with limited oversight. The debate emphasized independent regulation, reducing monopolies, and making companies answer for human rights harms rather than allowing profit to dominate public interest."}],"words":[{"text":"Secondly,","start":422.823,"end":423.421},{"text":"I'm","start":423.631,"end":423.777},{"text":"asking","start":423.841,"end":424.1},{"text":"for","start":424.569,"end":424.65},{"text":"strengthening","start":424.65,"end":425.199},{"text":"of","start":425.329,"end":425.442},{"text":"institutions.","start":425.474,"end":426.008}]},{"text":"Institutional counterweights, as I put it, and that's particularly of regulation that is rooted in human rights law.","start":426.632,"end":432.99,"topics":[{"key":"big-tech-power","label":"Big Tech Power and Accountability","description":"A major theme was the concentration of power in a small number of digital companies that shape the rights of billions with limited oversight. The debate emphasized independent regulation, reducing monopolies, and making companies answer for human rights harms rather than allowing profit to dominate public interest."}],"words":[{"text":"Institutional","start":426.632,"end":427.338},{"text":"counterweights,","start":427.338,"end":427.98},{"text":"as","start":427.996,"end":428.045},{"text":"I","start":428.061,"end":428.077},{"text":"put","start":428.077,"end":428.302},{"text":"it,","start":428.302,"end":428.446},{"text":"and","start":429.04,"end":429.104},{"text":"that's","start":429.201,"end":429.409},{"text":"particularly","start":429.522,"end":430.212},{"text":"of","start":430.325,"end":430.453},{"text":"regulation","start":430.469,"end":431.015},{"text":"that","start":431.288,"end":431.449},{"text":"is","start":431.449,"end":431.641},{"text":"rooted","start":431.754,"end":432.059},{"text":"in","start":432.091,"end":432.171},{"text":"human","start":432.171,"end":432.428},{"text":"rights","start":432.476,"end":432.797},{"text":"law.","start":432.797,"end":432.99}]},{"text":"Not excessive regulation, but smart regulation based on international human rights law, regulators that are independent, not under political influence, so they can actually regulate the sector without being distracted by political pressure.","start":434.419,"end":451.359,"topics":[{"key":"big-tech-power","label":"Big Tech Power and Accountability","description":"A major theme was the concentration of power in a small number of digital companies that shape the rights of billions with limited oversight. The debate emphasized independent regulation, reducing monopolies, and making companies answer for human rights harms rather than allowing profit to dominate public interest."},{"key":"multilateral-cooperation","label":"Multilateral Cooperation on Human Rights","description":"Several statements addressed the erosion of international law and the need for stronger coalitions to defend freedom of expression. The call was for multi-stakeholder and multilateral cooperation that keeps human rights at the center of technology governance rather than letting expression become a geopolitical bargaining tool."}],"words":[{"text":"Not","start":434.419,"end":434.869},{"text":"excessive","start":435.318,"end":435.8},{"text":"regulation,","start":435.8,"end":436.426},{"text":"but","start":436.651,"end":436.747},{"text":"smart","start":436.747,"end":437.213},{"text":"regulation","start":437.213,"end":437.759},{"text":"based","start":438.353,"end":438.754},{"text":"on","start":438.754,"end":438.803},{"text":"international","start":438.915,"end":439.397},{"text":"human","start":439.397,"end":439.637},{"text":"rights","start":439.637,"end":439.959},{"text":"law,","start":439.959,"end":440.039},{"text":"regulators","start":440.681,"end":441.372},{"text":"that","start":441.805,"end":441.966},{"text":"are","start":441.966,"end":442.11},{"text":"independent,","start":442.11,"end":442.817},{"text":"not","start":443.234,"end":443.491},{"text":"under","start":443.491,"end":443.732},{"text":"political","start":443.732,"end":444.133},{"text":"influence,","start":444.133,"end":444.615},{"text":"so","start":444.856,"end":444.952},{"text":"they","start":444.952,"end":445.097},{"text":"can","start":445.097,"end":445.225},{"text":"actually","start":445.402,"end":445.787},{"text":"regulate","start":445.819,"end":446.462},{"text":"the","start":446.702,"end":446.783},{"text":"sector","start":446.783,"end":447.329},{"text":"without","start":447.891,"end":448.469},{"text":"being","start":448.549,"end":448.758},{"text":"distracted","start":449.657,"end":450.235},{"text":"by","start":450.235,"end":450.395},{"text":"political","start":450.476,"end":450.925},{"text":"pressure.","start":450.957,"end":451.359}]},{"text":"And also to look at how to reduce the monopoly, the monopoly in the digital sector there.","start":452.402,"end":465.341,"topics":[{"key":"big-tech-power","label":"Big Tech Power and Accountability","description":"A major theme was the concentration of power in a small number of digital companies that shape the rights of billions with limited oversight. The debate emphasized independent regulation, reducing monopolies, and making companies answer for human rights harms rather than allowing profit to dominate public interest."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":452.402,"end":452.691},{"text":"also","start":453.188,"end":453.701},{"text":"to","start":454.486,"end":454.663},{"text":"look","start":455.994,"end":456.186},{"text":"at","start":456.635,"end":456.972},{"text":"how","start":457.276,"end":457.469},{"text":"to","start":458.319,"end":458.543},{"text":"reduce","start":458.719,"end":459.313},{"text":"the","start":460.243,"end":460.291},{"text":"monopoly,","start":460.291,"end":460.868},{"text":"the","start":461.942,"end":462.022},{"text":"monopoly","start":462.022,"end":462.552},{"text":"in","start":463.449,"end":463.674},{"text":"the","start":463.706,"end":463.786},{"text":"digital","start":463.786,"end":464.427},{"text":"sector","start":464.684,"end":465.213},{"text":"there.","start":465.213,"end":465.341}]},{"text":"The reliance on large companies must be broken.","start":465.855,"end":468.548,"topics":[{"key":"big-tech-power","label":"Big Tech Power and Accountability","description":"A major theme was the concentration of power in a small number of digital companies that shape the rights of billions with limited oversight. The debate emphasized independent regulation, reducing monopolies, and making companies answer for human rights harms rather than allowing profit to dominate public interest."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":465.855,"end":465.919},{"text":"reliance","start":465.919,"end":466.416},{"text":"on","start":466.496,"end":466.544},{"text":"large","start":466.656,"end":466.881},{"text":"companies","start":466.993,"end":467.442},{"text":"must","start":467.875,"end":468.099},{"text":"be","start":468.099,"end":468.195},{"text":"broken.","start":468.26,"end":468.548}]},{"text":"That must become a priority, because as long as you have companies that have more revenue— a single company, digital company, has more revenue than 133— 130 governments, more than GDP of 130 governments, then you need to worry.","start":468.596,"end":486.132,"topics":[{"key":"big-tech-power","label":"Big Tech Power and Accountability","description":"A major theme was the concentration of power in a small number of digital companies that shape the rights of billions with limited oversight. The debate emphasized independent regulation, reducing monopolies, and making companies answer for human rights harms rather than allowing profit to dominate public interest."}],"words":[{"text":"That","start":468.596,"end":468.773},{"text":"must","start":468.773,"end":468.949},{"text":"become","start":468.997,"end":469.19},{"text":"a","start":469.238,"end":469.254},{"text":"priority,","start":469.318,"end":470.055},{"text":"because","start":470.36,"end":470.665},{"text":"as","start":470.665,"end":470.729},{"text":"long","start":470.825,"end":470.969},{"text":"as","start":471.017,"end":471.13},{"text":"you","start":471.162,"end":471.29},{"text":"have","start":471.306,"end":471.45},{"text":"companies","start":471.482,"end":472.012},{"text":"that","start":472.525,"end":472.653},{"text":"have","start":472.669,"end":472.974},{"text":"more","start":473.23,"end":473.439},{"text":"revenue—","start":473.487,"end":474.208},{"text":"a","start":474.465,"end":474.513},{"text":"single","start":474.513,"end":474.946},{"text":"company,","start":475.395,"end":475.796},{"text":"digital","start":475.876,"end":476.212},{"text":"company,","start":476.212,"end":476.661},{"text":"has","start":476.918,"end":477.062},{"text":"more","start":477.158,"end":477.367},{"text":"revenue","start":477.431,"end":477.832},{"text":"than","start":477.88,"end":478.024},{"text":"133—","start":478.024,"end":479.323},{"text":"130","start":479.323,"end":480.269},{"text":"governments,","start":480.767,"end":481.281},{"text":"more","start":481.907,"end":482.245},{"text":"than","start":482.389,"end":482.518},{"text":"GDP","start":482.71,"end":483.209},{"text":"of","start":483.209,"end":483.321},{"text":"130","start":483.321,"end":484.221},{"text":"governments,","start":484.237,"end":484.831},{"text":"then","start":485.201,"end":485.41},{"text":"you","start":485.586,"end":485.651},{"text":"need","start":485.667,"end":485.843},{"text":"to","start":485.843,"end":485.924},{"text":"worry.","start":485.924,"end":486.132}]},{"text":"When the user, monthly user of a platform is 3 billion, then it exceeds the population of any country, even the largest country in this world.","start":487.353,"end":498.583,"topics":[{"key":"big-tech-power","label":"Big Tech Power and Accountability","description":"A major theme was the concentration of power in a small number of digital companies that shape the rights of billions with limited oversight. The debate emphasized independent regulation, reducing monopolies, and making companies answer for human rights harms rather than allowing profit to dominate public interest."}],"words":[{"text":"When","start":487.353,"end":487.498},{"text":"the","start":488.173,"end":488.221},{"text":"user,","start":488.317,"end":488.783},{"text":"monthly","start":488.896,"end":489.265},{"text":"user","start":489.603,"end":490.069},{"text":"of","start":490.486,"end":490.631},{"text":"a","start":490.824,"end":490.84},{"text":"platform","start":490.904,"end":491.595},{"text":"is","start":492.109,"end":492.157},{"text":"3","start":492.27,"end":492.607},{"text":"billion,","start":492.752,"end":493.169},{"text":"then","start":493.876,"end":493.989},{"text":"it","start":494.133,"end":494.214},{"text":"exceeds","start":494.214,"end":494.728},{"text":"the","start":494.744,"end":494.84},{"text":"population","start":494.84,"end":495.435},{"text":"of","start":495.483,"end":495.611},{"text":"any","start":495.708,"end":495.933},{"text":"country,","start":495.949,"end":496.286},{"text":"even","start":497.154,"end":497.314},{"text":"the","start":497.314,"end":497.395},{"text":"largest","start":497.475,"end":497.812},{"text":"country","start":497.812,"end":498.117},{"text":"in","start":498.117,"end":498.198},{"text":"this","start":498.198,"end":498.262},{"text":"world.","start":498.375,"end":498.583}]},{"text":"In that kind of a situation, it becomes almost impossible for governments to be able to regulate such companies.","start":499.178,"end":506.054,"topics":[{"key":"big-tech-power","label":"Big Tech Power and Accountability","description":"A major theme was the concentration of power in a small number of digital companies that shape the rights of billions with limited oversight. The debate emphasized independent regulation, reducing monopolies, and making companies answer for human rights harms rather than allowing profit to dominate public interest."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":499.178,"end":499.226},{"text":"that","start":499.258,"end":499.499},{"text":"kind","start":499.499,"end":499.644},{"text":"of","start":499.644,"end":499.74},{"text":"a","start":499.74,"end":499.756},{"text":"situation,","start":499.804,"end":500.351},{"text":"it","start":500.463,"end":500.511},{"text":"becomes","start":500.527,"end":500.784},{"text":"almost","start":500.849,"end":501.106},{"text":"impossible","start":501.106,"end":501.716},{"text":"for","start":502.295,"end":502.471},{"text":"governments","start":502.471,"end":503.066},{"text":"to","start":503.371,"end":503.451},{"text":"be","start":503.451,"end":503.58},{"text":"able","start":503.596,"end":504.014},{"text":"to","start":504.415,"end":504.528},{"text":"regulate","start":504.72,"end":505.267},{"text":"such","start":505.459,"end":505.733},{"text":"companies.","start":505.749,"end":506.054}]},{"text":"Therefore, breaking the monopoly must be a priority.","start":506.15,"end":509.836,"topics":[{"key":"big-tech-power","label":"Big Tech Power and Accountability","description":"A major theme was the concentration of power in a small number of digital companies that shape the rights of billions with limited oversight. The debate emphasized independent regulation, reducing monopolies, and making companies answer for human rights harms rather than allowing profit to dominate public interest."}],"words":[{"text":"Therefore,","start":506.15,"end":506.311},{"text":"breaking","start":506.327,"end":506.664},{"text":"the","start":506.729,"end":506.777},{"text":"monopoly","start":506.777,"end":507.259},{"text":"must","start":507.613,"end":508.064},{"text":"be","start":508.902,"end":509.127},{"text":"a","start":509.143,"end":509.208},{"text":"priority.","start":509.208,"end":509.836}]},{"text":"At the same time, states must also create an enabling environment for independent, diverse, pluralistic media.","start":511.641,"end":518.901,"topics":[{"key":"media-pluralism","label":"Media Pluralism and Public-Interest Information","description":"Participants stressed the importance of independent, diverse, and pluralistic media as a pillar of democracy and a public good. Concerns were raised about media deserts, the decline of independent journalism, and the need to invest in healthier information ecosystems."}],"words":[{"text":"At","start":511.641,"end":511.738},{"text":"the","start":511.738,"end":511.818},{"text":"same","start":511.818,"end":512.092},{"text":"time,","start":512.124,"end":512.495},{"text":"states","start":512.93,"end":513.284},{"text":"must","start":513.397,"end":513.655},{"text":"also","start":513.719,"end":513.913},{"text":"create","start":513.961,"end":514.315},{"text":"an","start":514.315,"end":514.396},{"text":"enabling","start":514.461,"end":514.912},{"text":"environment","start":515.008,"end":515.54},{"text":"for","start":515.894,"end":516.007},{"text":"independent,","start":516.056,"end":516.848},{"text":"diverse,","start":517.042,"end":517.608},{"text":"pluralistic","start":517.834,"end":518.497},{"text":"media.","start":518.562,"end":518.901}]},{"text":"That is disappearing.","start":519.37,"end":520.243,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"That","start":519.37,"end":519.548},{"text":"is","start":519.548,"end":519.596},{"text":"disappearing.","start":519.629,"end":520.243}]},{"text":"The diversity and pluralism of media is disappearing.","start":520.34,"end":523.314,"topics":[{"key":"media-pluralism","label":"Media Pluralism and Public-Interest Information","description":"Participants stressed the importance of independent, diverse, and pluralistic media as a pillar of democracy and a public good. Concerns were raised about media deserts, the decline of independent journalism, and the need to invest in healthier information ecosystems."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":520.34,"end":520.421},{"text":"diversity","start":520.421,"end":521.003},{"text":"and","start":521.084,"end":521.148},{"text":"pluralism","start":521.245,"end":521.779},{"text":"of","start":522.151,"end":522.264},{"text":"media","start":522.296,"end":522.652},{"text":"is","start":522.684,"end":522.749},{"text":"disappearing.","start":522.781,"end":523.314}]},{"text":"That needs to be brought back because, as you know, media is a very important pillar of democracy.","start":523.751,"end":529.218,"topics":[{"key":"media-pluralism","label":"Media Pluralism and Public-Interest Information","description":"Participants stressed the importance of independent, diverse, and pluralistic media as a pillar of democracy and a public good. Concerns were raised about media deserts, the decline of independent journalism, and the need to invest in healthier information ecosystems."}],"words":[{"text":"That","start":523.751,"end":523.864},{"text":"needs","start":523.929,"end":524.123},{"text":"to","start":524.155,"end":524.22},{"text":"be","start":524.22,"end":524.317},{"text":"brought","start":524.317,"end":524.559},{"text":"back","start":524.559,"end":524.883},{"text":"because,","start":525.368,"end":525.675},{"text":"as","start":525.691,"end":525.772},{"text":"you","start":525.772,"end":525.917},{"text":"know,","start":525.917,"end":526.079},{"text":"media","start":526.662,"end":527.147},{"text":"is","start":527.147,"end":527.212},{"text":"a","start":527.228,"end":527.309},{"text":"very","start":527.309,"end":527.519},{"text":"important","start":527.552,"end":527.972},{"text":"pillar","start":528.037,"end":528.328},{"text":"of","start":528.539,"end":528.652},{"text":"democracy.","start":528.684,"end":529.218}]},{"text":"And then, of course, there are lots and lots of new ideas that are coming.","start":529.962,"end":532.875,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":529.962,"end":530.027},{"text":"then,","start":530.06,"end":530.173},{"text":"of","start":530.221,"end":530.351},{"text":"course,","start":530.383,"end":530.626},{"text":"there","start":530.691,"end":530.788},{"text":"are","start":530.788,"end":530.917},{"text":"lots","start":531.014,"end":531.354},{"text":"and","start":531.354,"end":531.435},{"text":"lots","start":531.435,"end":531.661},{"text":"of","start":531.661,"end":531.71},{"text":"new","start":531.758,"end":531.904},{"text":"ideas","start":531.92,"end":532.373},{"text":"that","start":532.406,"end":532.567},{"text":"are","start":532.567,"end":532.713},{"text":"coming.","start":532.713,"end":532.875}]},{"text":"Green shoots.","start":533.192,"end":533.754,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Green","start":533.192,"end":533.401},{"text":"shoots.","start":533.433,"end":533.754}]},{"text":"I call them green shoots coming through the scorched earth of information environments that companies have created.","start":533.899,"end":542.478,"topics":[{"key":"digital-freedom","label":"Digital Freedom of Expression","description":"The discussion focused on how digital platforms and AI are transforming freedom of expression while also enabling censorship, manipulation, hate, and disinformation. Speakers stressed that the online information environment is increasingly hostile to dissent, journalists, women, and the broader public."},{"key":"big-tech-power","label":"Big Tech Power and Accountability","description":"A major theme was the concentration of power in a small number of digital companies that shape the rights of billions with limited oversight. The debate emphasized independent regulation, reducing monopolies, and making companies answer for human rights harms rather than allowing profit to dominate public interest."}],"words":[{"text":"I","start":533.899,"end":533.979},{"text":"call","start":533.979,"end":534.14},{"text":"them","start":534.22,"end":534.3},{"text":"green","start":534.381,"end":534.622},{"text":"shoots","start":534.622,"end":535.071},{"text":"coming","start":535.923,"end":536.212},{"text":"through","start":536.501,"end":536.823},{"text":"the","start":536.951,"end":536.999},{"text":"scorched","start":537.032,"end":537.498},{"text":"earth","start":537.594,"end":537.819},{"text":"of","start":538.413,"end":538.542},{"text":"information","start":538.799,"end":539.297},{"text":"environments","start":539.297,"end":539.908},{"text":"that","start":540.502,"end":540.968},{"text":"companies","start":541.048,"end":541.836},{"text":"have","start":541.932,"end":542.077},{"text":"created.","start":542.093,"end":542.478}]},{"text":"Those green shoots, small projects, novel ways of approaching regulation as has happened in South Africa, alternative information spaces, federated information spaces, for example, not centralized ones, those are great ideas.","start":542.896,"end":558.304,"topics":[{"key":"media-pluralism","label":"Media Pluralism and Public-Interest Information","description":"Participants stressed the importance of independent, diverse, and pluralistic media as a pillar of democracy and a public good. Concerns were raised about media deserts, the decline of independent journalism, and the need to invest in healthier information ecosystems."},{"key":"big-tech-power","label":"Big Tech Power and Accountability","description":"A major theme was the concentration of power in a small number of digital companies that shape the rights of billions with limited oversight. The debate emphasized independent regulation, reducing monopolies, and making companies answer for human rights harms rather than allowing profit to dominate public interest."}],"words":[{"text":"Those","start":542.896,"end":543.041},{"text":"green","start":543.137,"end":543.362},{"text":"shoots,","start":543.394,"end":543.876},{"text":"small","start":544.519,"end":544.792},{"text":"projects,","start":544.904,"end":545.402},{"text":"novel","start":545.884,"end":546.174},{"text":"ways","start":546.206,"end":546.415},{"text":"of","start":546.447,"end":546.527},{"text":"approaching","start":546.527,"end":546.945},{"text":"regulation","start":546.993,"end":547.636},{"text":"as","start":547.636,"end":547.7},{"text":"has","start":547.796,"end":547.941},{"text":"happened","start":548.053,"end":548.503},{"text":"in","start":548.6,"end":548.68},{"text":"South","start":548.68,"end":548.921},{"text":"Africa,","start":548.921,"end":549.403},{"text":"alternative","start":550.447,"end":550.994},{"text":"information","start":551.106,"end":551.669},{"text":"spaces,","start":551.669,"end":552.199},{"text":"federated","start":552.793,"end":553.404},{"text":"information","start":554.561,"end":555.043},{"text":"spaces,","start":555.043,"end":555.492},{"text":"for","start":555.589,"end":555.669},{"text":"example,","start":555.669,"end":556.071},{"text":"not","start":556.087,"end":556.232},{"text":"centralized","start":556.232,"end":556.778},{"text":"ones,","start":556.81,"end":557.099},{"text":"those","start":557.437,"end":557.581},{"text":"are","start":557.613,"end":557.694},{"text":"great","start":557.694,"end":557.935},{"text":"ideas.","start":557.935,"end":558.304}]},{"text":"Lots of them are coming up.","start":558.481,"end":559.477,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Lots","start":558.481,"end":558.738},{"text":"of","start":558.738,"end":558.834},{"text":"them","start":558.834,"end":558.947},{"text":"are","start":558.979,"end":559.059},{"text":"coming","start":559.059,"end":559.268},{"text":"up.","start":559.381,"end":559.477}]},{"text":"Those— more investment has to be done in that.","start":559.766,"end":562.121,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Those—","start":559.766,"end":559.91},{"text":"more","start":560.343,"end":560.455},{"text":"investment","start":560.503,"end":560.936},{"text":"has","start":560.984,"end":561.08},{"text":"to","start":561.224,"end":561.304},{"text":"be","start":561.304,"end":561.384},{"text":"done","start":561.384,"end":561.496},{"text":"in","start":561.705,"end":561.753},{"text":"that.","start":561.849,"end":562.121}]},{"text":"So what I'm saying is the game has to change.","start":562.49,"end":565.519,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":562.49,"end":562.65},{"text":"what","start":562.73,"end":562.843},{"text":"I'm","start":562.843,"end":562.987},{"text":"saying","start":562.987,"end":563.323},{"text":"is","start":563.387,"end":563.516},{"text":"the","start":564.589,"end":564.669},{"text":"game","start":564.669,"end":564.878},{"text":"has","start":564.91,"end":565.038},{"text":"to","start":565.07,"end":565.214},{"text":"change.","start":565.214,"end":565.519}]},{"text":"There have been game-changing shifts, but they have gone against freedom of expression.","start":566.432,"end":570.567,"topics":[{"key":"digital-freedom","label":"Digital Freedom of Expression","description":"The discussion focused on how digital platforms and AI are transforming freedom of expression while also enabling censorship, manipulation, hate, and disinformation. Speakers stressed that the online information environment is increasingly hostile to dissent, journalists, women, and the broader public."}],"words":[{"text":"There","start":566.432,"end":566.56},{"text":"have","start":566.576,"end":566.833},{"text":"been","start":566.833,"end":566.961},{"text":"game-changing","start":567.394,"end":567.955},{"text":"shifts,","start":568.019,"end":568.355},{"text":"but","start":568.596,"end":568.676},{"text":"they","start":568.74,"end":568.804},{"text":"have","start":568.82,"end":568.964},{"text":"gone","start":568.98,"end":569.108},{"text":"against","start":569.237,"end":569.637},{"text":"freedom","start":569.637,"end":569.926},{"text":"of","start":569.958,"end":570.022},{"text":"expression.","start":570.038,"end":570.567}]},{"text":"Now we need to come together to protect the right to freedom of expression, but to also ensure that digital technology and artificial intelligence which can do a lot of good, must not do a great deal of harm in this area, and states have to exercise their responsibility seriously here, the human rights responsibility to uphold freedom of expression.","start":572.025,"end":597.947,"topics":[{"key":"digital-freedom","label":"Digital Freedom of Expression","description":"The discussion focused on how digital platforms and AI are transforming freedom of expression while also enabling censorship, manipulation, hate, and disinformation. Speakers stressed that the online information environment is increasingly hostile to dissent, journalists, women, and the broader public."},{"key":"multilateral-cooperation","label":"Multilateral Cooperation on Human Rights","description":"Several statements addressed the erosion of international law and the need for stronger coalitions to defend freedom of expression. The call was for multi-stakeholder and multilateral cooperation that keeps human rights at the center of technology governance rather than letting expression become a geopolitical bargaining tool."}],"words":[{"text":"Now","start":572.025,"end":572.233},{"text":"we","start":572.826,"end":572.922},{"text":"need","start":572.922,"end":573.291},{"text":"to","start":573.323,"end":573.451},{"text":"come","start":573.467,"end":573.611},{"text":"together","start":573.74,"end":574.284},{"text":"to","start":574.942,"end":575.054},{"text":"protect","start":575.086,"end":575.695},{"text":"the","start":576.111,"end":576.208},{"text":"right","start":577.153,"end":577.538},{"text":"to","start":577.586,"end":577.698},{"text":"freedom","start":577.714,"end":577.97},{"text":"of","start":577.97,"end":578.066},{"text":"expression,","start":578.066,"end":578.579},{"text":"but","start":578.996,"end":579.156},{"text":"to","start":579.156,"end":579.236},{"text":"also","start":579.316,"end":579.653},{"text":"ensure","start":579.733,"end":580.166},{"text":"that","start":581.159,"end":581.432},{"text":"digital","start":581.736,"end":582.105},{"text":"technology","start":582.137,"end":582.746},{"text":"and","start":583.323,"end":583.467},{"text":"artificial","start":583.739,"end":584.236},{"text":"intelligence","start":584.236,"end":585.23},{"text":"which","start":585.342,"end":585.503},{"text":"can","start":585.567,"end":585.952},{"text":"do","start":585.984,"end":586.065},{"text":"a","start":586.065,"end":586.129},{"text":"lot","start":586.145,"end":586.306},{"text":"of","start":586.306,"end":586.434},{"text":"good,","start":586.45,"end":586.723},{"text":"must","start":587.028,"end":587.221},{"text":"not","start":587.269,"end":587.638},{"text":"do","start":587.975,"end":588.088},{"text":"a","start":588.232,"end":588.248},{"text":"great","start":588.313,"end":588.554},{"text":"deal","start":588.554,"end":588.698},{"text":"of","start":588.698,"end":588.778},{"text":"harm","start":588.778,"end":589.067},{"text":"in","start":589.356,"end":589.405},{"text":"this","start":589.437,"end":589.565},{"text":"area,","start":589.742,"end":590.079},{"text":"and","start":590.785,"end":590.85},{"text":"states","start":590.882,"end":591.267},{"text":"have","start":591.267,"end":591.412},{"text":"to","start":591.444,"end":591.572},{"text":"exercise","start":591.588,"end":592.134},{"text":"their","start":592.568,"end":592.68},{"text":"responsibility","start":592.728,"end":593.499},{"text":"seriously","start":593.868,"end":594.559},{"text":"here,","start":594.575,"end":594.767},{"text":"the","start":594.976,"end":595.056},{"text":"human","start":595.056,"end":595.265},{"text":"rights","start":595.297,"end":595.522},{"text":"responsibility","start":595.522,"end":596.309},{"text":"to","start":596.598,"end":596.726},{"text":"uphold","start":596.726,"end":597.128},{"text":"freedom","start":597.128,"end":597.449},{"text":"of","start":597.449,"end":597.529},{"text":"expression.","start":597.529,"end":597.947}]},{"text":"Most governments today in the Council supported me, and yesterday many of them, all of them almost, supported me, agreed with me, and my question to them is, what are you going to do about it now?","start":598.589,"end":608.464,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Most","start":598.589,"end":598.926},{"text":"governments","start":598.926,"end":599.327},{"text":"today","start":599.376,"end":599.713},{"text":"in","start":600.275,"end":600.323},{"text":"the","start":600.355,"end":600.5},{"text":"Council","start":600.5,"end":600.885},{"text":"supported","start":601.174,"end":601.768},{"text":"me,","start":601.8,"end":601.961},{"text":"and","start":602.041,"end":602.089},{"text":"yesterday","start":602.105,"end":602.603},{"text":"many","start":603.069,"end":603.293},{"text":"of","start":603.31,"end":603.374},{"text":"them,","start":603.406,"end":603.518},{"text":"all","start":603.791,"end":603.904},{"text":"of","start":603.904,"end":604.032},{"text":"them","start":604.032,"end":604.144},{"text":"almost,","start":604.144,"end":604.433},{"text":"supported","start":604.45,"end":604.899},{"text":"me,","start":604.915,"end":605.012},{"text":"agreed","start":605.172,"end":605.622},{"text":"with","start":605.638,"end":605.782},{"text":"me,","start":605.798,"end":605.959},{"text":"and","start":605.975,"end":606.039},{"text":"my","start":606.119,"end":606.232},{"text":"question","start":606.296,"end":606.665},{"text":"to","start":606.697,"end":606.746},{"text":"them","start":606.778,"end":607.019},{"text":"is,","start":607.019,"end":607.147},{"text":"what","start":607.484,"end":607.548},{"text":"are","start":607.548,"end":607.581},{"text":"you","start":607.581,"end":607.661},{"text":"going","start":607.661,"end":607.789},{"text":"to","start":607.805,"end":607.837},{"text":"do","start":607.886,"end":607.982},{"text":"about","start":607.982,"end":608.287},{"text":"it","start":608.287,"end":608.383},{"text":"now?","start":608.383,"end":608.464}]},{"text":"So, I'm going to open it now for your questions.","start":609.845,"end":613.055,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So,","start":609.845,"end":610.053},{"text":"I'm","start":611.129,"end":611.322},{"text":"going","start":611.338,"end":611.434},{"text":"to","start":611.434,"end":611.514},{"text":"open","start":611.514,"end":611.755},{"text":"it","start":611.755,"end":611.835},{"text":"now","start":611.835,"end":612.028},{"text":"for","start":612.542,"end":612.622},{"text":"your","start":612.622,"end":612.734},{"text":"questions.","start":612.734,"end":613.055}]},{"text":"I should mention, by the way, that there was another document that I also submitted at the Council that is going to be of great interest to you, and that is Guidelines for the Safety of Journalists in Armed Conflicts.","start":613.12,"end":622.752,"topics":[{"key":"journalist-safety","label":"Safety of Journalists in Armed Conflict","description":"The proceedings repeatedly returned to the new guidelines on protecting journalists working in war zones. This included practical protection measures, responsibilities of states and armed actors, and the need to make safety standards usable on the ground."},{"key":"conflict-law-protections","label":"Legal Protections in Conflict","description":"Speakers examined how international humanitarian law and human rights law apply during armed conflict, especially to journalists. Key issues included clarifying that journalism is not espionage, defining civilian protection, and addressing when states wrongly justify attacks on reporters."}],"words":[{"text":"I","start":613.12,"end":613.2},{"text":"should","start":613.2,"end":613.36},{"text":"mention,","start":613.36,"end":613.585},{"text":"by","start":613.601,"end":613.762},{"text":"the","start":613.762,"end":613.842},{"text":"way,","start":613.842,"end":614.067},{"text":"that","start":614.083,"end":614.324},{"text":"there","start":614.324,"end":614.404},{"text":"was","start":614.404,"end":614.548},{"text":"another","start":614.548,"end":614.869},{"text":"document","start":614.869,"end":615.287},{"text":"that","start":615.287,"end":615.431},{"text":"I","start":615.431,"end":615.56},{"text":"also","start":615.592,"end":615.785},{"text":"submitted","start":615.785,"end":616.234},{"text":"at","start":616.33,"end":616.411},{"text":"the","start":616.411,"end":616.491},{"text":"Council","start":616.491,"end":617.021},{"text":"that","start":617.438,"end":617.615},{"text":"is","start":617.615,"end":617.663},{"text":"going","start":617.711,"end":617.871},{"text":"to","start":617.871,"end":618},{"text":"be","start":618,"end":618.048},{"text":"of","start":618.08,"end":618.144},{"text":"great","start":618.16,"end":618.385},{"text":"interest","start":618.482,"end":618.738},{"text":"to","start":618.738,"end":618.883},{"text":"you,","start":618.883,"end":619.059},{"text":"and","start":619.204,"end":619.268},{"text":"that","start":619.3,"end":619.461},{"text":"is","start":619.461,"end":619.557},{"text":"Guidelines","start":619.605,"end":620.183},{"text":"for","start":620.247,"end":620.328},{"text":"the","start":620.328,"end":620.424},{"text":"Safety","start":620.424,"end":620.954},{"text":"of","start":621.066,"end":621.211},{"text":"Journalists","start":621.211,"end":621.773},{"text":"in","start":621.773,"end":621.917},{"text":"Armed","start":621.933,"end":622.158},{"text":"Conflicts.","start":622.19,"end":622.752}]},{"text":"In this report, I don't name a single state from the beginning to the end because this is not a report actually to look at what is happening on the ground.","start":623.538,"end":633.508,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":623.538,"end":623.587},{"text":"this","start":623.635,"end":623.876},{"text":"report,","start":623.876,"end":624.373},{"text":"I","start":624.534,"end":624.566},{"text":"don't","start":624.678,"end":624.967},{"text":"name","start":625.08,"end":625.272},{"text":"a","start":625.385,"end":625.401},{"text":"single","start":625.417,"end":625.898},{"text":"state","start":625.963,"end":626.444},{"text":"from","start":626.685,"end":626.813},{"text":"the","start":626.845,"end":626.99},{"text":"beginning","start":627.006,"end":627.375},{"text":"to","start":627.407,"end":627.504},{"text":"the","start":627.504,"end":627.648},{"text":"end","start":627.648,"end":627.937},{"text":"because","start":628.21,"end":628.451},{"text":"this","start":628.515,"end":628.579},{"text":"is","start":628.676,"end":628.74},{"text":"not","start":628.772,"end":629.029},{"text":"a","start":629.029,"end":629.077},{"text":"report","start":629.077,"end":629.575},{"text":"actually","start":629.96,"end":630.377},{"text":"to","start":630.441,"end":630.538},{"text":"look","start":630.602,"end":630.923},{"text":"at","start":631.003,"end":631.228},{"text":"what","start":632.384,"end":632.561},{"text":"is","start":632.561,"end":632.625},{"text":"happening","start":632.625,"end":632.962},{"text":"on","start":632.962,"end":633.042},{"text":"the","start":633.042,"end":633.171},{"text":"ground.","start":633.171,"end":633.508}]},{"text":"This is a— these guidelines are practical tools They are normative guidance on what governments, belligerent parties, journalists themselves should do to ensure safety and protection on the front lines.","start":633.909,"end":651.538,"topics":[{"key":"journalist-safety","label":"Safety of Journalists in Armed Conflict","description":"The proceedings repeatedly returned to the new guidelines on protecting journalists working in war zones. This included practical protection measures, responsibilities of states and armed actors, and the need to make safety standards usable on the ground."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":633.909,"end":634.021},{"text":"is","start":634.086,"end":634.198},{"text":"a—","start":634.294,"end":634.342},{"text":"these","start":634.551,"end":635.322},{"text":"guidelines","start":635.418,"end":635.964},{"text":"are","start":636.076,"end":636.237},{"text":"practical","start":636.237,"end":636.895},{"text":"tools","start":637.039,"end":637.569},{"text":"They","start":638.083,"end":638.228},{"text":"are","start":638.308,"end":638.436},{"text":"normative","start":639.03,"end":639.737},{"text":"guidance","start":639.913,"end":640.508},{"text":"on","start":641.198,"end":641.407},{"text":"what","start":641.84,"end":642.113},{"text":"governments,","start":642.659,"end":643.301},{"text":"belligerent","start":643.847,"end":644.345},{"text":"parties,","start":644.345,"end":644.955},{"text":"journalists","start":645.614,"end":646.095},{"text":"themselves","start":646.095,"end":646.721},{"text":"should","start":647.139,"end":647.332},{"text":"do","start":647.412,"end":647.572},{"text":"to","start":647.894,"end":648.038},{"text":"ensure","start":648.038,"end":648.552},{"text":"safety","start":648.937,"end":649.451},{"text":"and","start":649.564,"end":649.628},{"text":"protection","start":649.644,"end":650.158},{"text":"on","start":650.768,"end":650.816},{"text":"the","start":650.848,"end":650.928},{"text":"front","start":650.928,"end":651.233},{"text":"lines.","start":651.233,"end":651.538}]},{"text":"When journalists are working on the front lines, how can we make it safe for them?","start":651.635,"end":654.846,"topics":[{"key":"journalist-safety","label":"Safety of Journalists in Armed Conflict","description":"The proceedings repeatedly returned to the new guidelines on protecting journalists working in war zones. This included practical protection measures, responsibilities of states and armed actors, and the need to make safety standards usable on the ground."}],"words":[{"text":"When","start":651.635,"end":651.699},{"text":"journalists","start":651.715,"end":652.133},{"text":"are","start":652.133,"end":652.197},{"text":"working","start":652.197,"end":652.454},{"text":"on","start":652.454,"end":652.534},{"text":"the","start":652.534,"end":652.614},{"text":"front","start":652.614,"end":652.871},{"text":"lines,","start":652.871,"end":653.128},{"text":"how","start":653.401,"end":653.529},{"text":"can","start":653.578,"end":653.674},{"text":"we","start":653.738,"end":653.883},{"text":"make","start":653.883,"end":654.075},{"text":"it","start":654.075,"end":654.22},{"text":"safe","start":654.22,"end":654.541},{"text":"for","start":654.541,"end":654.702},{"text":"them?","start":654.702,"end":654.846}]},{"text":"And of course, one of the big issues I touch is impunity, but I also look at how human rights law actually operates in conflict situations, but we need to make it real, not just on paper, the human rights protection that journalists enjoy.","start":655.649,"end":670.903,"topics":[{"key":"conflict-law-protections","label":"Legal Protections in Conflict","description":"Speakers examined how international humanitarian law and human rights law apply during armed conflict, especially to journalists. Key issues included clarifying that journalism is not espionage, defining civilian protection, and addressing when states wrongly justify attacks on reporters."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":655.649,"end":655.729},{"text":"of","start":655.729,"end":655.793},{"text":"course,","start":655.89,"end":656.05},{"text":"one","start":656.066,"end":656.179},{"text":"of","start":656.211,"end":656.275},{"text":"the","start":656.307,"end":656.372},{"text":"big","start":656.388,"end":656.628},{"text":"issues","start":656.628,"end":656.966},{"text":"I","start":657.03,"end":657.046},{"text":"touch","start":657.19,"end":657.431},{"text":"is","start":657.608,"end":657.752},{"text":"impunity,","start":657.752,"end":658.314},{"text":"but","start":658.716,"end":658.876},{"text":"I","start":658.941,"end":659.021},{"text":"also","start":659.101,"end":659.486},{"text":"look","start":659.503,"end":659.824},{"text":"at","start":659.904,"end":660.081},{"text":"how","start":660.081,"end":660.321},{"text":"human","start":660.482,"end":660.771},{"text":"rights","start":660.883,"end":661.205},{"text":"law","start":661.205,"end":661.285},{"text":"actually","start":661.51,"end":661.895},{"text":"operates","start":662.393,"end":663.067},{"text":"in","start":663.838,"end":663.982},{"text":"conflict","start":664.095,"end":664.4},{"text":"situations,","start":664.4,"end":665.106},{"text":"but","start":665.7,"end":666.038},{"text":"we","start":666.262,"end":666.407},{"text":"need","start":666.584,"end":666.744},{"text":"to","start":666.744,"end":666.792},{"text":"make","start":666.824,"end":666.985},{"text":"it","start":666.985,"end":667.129},{"text":"real,","start":667.129,"end":667.386},{"text":"not","start":667.724,"end":667.932},{"text":"just","start":667.932,"end":668.125},{"text":"on","start":668.125,"end":668.237},{"text":"paper,","start":668.269,"end":668.767},{"text":"the","start":669.056,"end":669.137},{"text":"human","start":669.137,"end":669.377},{"text":"rights","start":669.377,"end":669.554},{"text":"protection","start":669.554,"end":670.004},{"text":"that","start":670.036,"end":670.196},{"text":"journalists","start":670.196,"end":670.598},{"text":"enjoy.","start":670.598,"end":670.903}]},{"text":"And we also need to deal with very practical issues of how do you protect a journalist when he puts on or she puts on her jacket which says press.","start":671.786,"end":683.074,"topics":[{"key":"journalist-safety","label":"Safety of Journalists in Armed Conflict","description":"The proceedings repeatedly returned to the new guidelines on protecting journalists working in war zones. This included practical protection measures, responsibilities of states and armed actors, and the need to make safety standards usable on the ground."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":671.786,"end":672.171},{"text":"we","start":672.685,"end":672.83},{"text":"also","start":672.91,"end":673.183},{"text":"need","start":673.183,"end":673.456},{"text":"to","start":673.568,"end":673.664},{"text":"deal","start":674.291,"end":674.548},{"text":"with","start":674.596,"end":674.74},{"text":"very","start":674.756,"end":674.981},{"text":"practical","start":675.334,"end":676.153},{"text":"issues","start":676.153,"end":676.587},{"text":"of","start":676.94,"end":677.068},{"text":"how","start":677.085,"end":677.341},{"text":"do","start":677.582,"end":677.727},{"text":"you","start":677.727,"end":677.823},{"text":"protect","start":677.823,"end":678.433},{"text":"a","start":679.027,"end":679.108},{"text":"journalist","start":679.108,"end":679.734},{"text":"when","start":679.734,"end":679.798},{"text":"he","start":679.814,"end":679.894},{"text":"puts","start":679.91,"end":680.216},{"text":"on","start":680.216,"end":680.28},{"text":"or","start":680.553,"end":680.649},{"text":"she","start":680.954,"end":681.179},{"text":"puts","start":681.195,"end":681.42},{"text":"on","start":681.42,"end":681.484},{"text":"her","start":681.58,"end":681.709},{"text":"jacket","start":681.741,"end":682.094},{"text":"which","start":682.463,"end":682.56},{"text":"says","start":682.56,"end":682.769},{"text":"press.","start":682.881,"end":683.074}]},{"text":"Does it protect her or does she become a target?","start":683.748,"end":685.851,"topics":[{"key":"journalist-safety","label":"Safety of Journalists in Armed Conflict","description":"The proceedings repeatedly returned to the new guidelines on protecting journalists working in war zones. This included practical protection measures, responsibilities of states and armed actors, and the need to make safety standards usable on the ground."}],"words":[{"text":"Does","start":683.748,"end":683.86},{"text":"it","start":683.86,"end":683.989},{"text":"protect","start":683.989,"end":684.406},{"text":"her","start":684.406,"end":684.487},{"text":"or","start":684.824,"end":684.888},{"text":"does","start":684.888,"end":684.968},{"text":"she","start":684.968,"end":685.065},{"text":"become","start":685.065,"end":685.306},{"text":"a","start":685.306,"end":685.386},{"text":"target?","start":685.386,"end":685.851}]},{"text":"So these are the kinds of practical questions normative questions and guidance for states that these guidelines provide, and I will be promoting them.","start":686.429,"end":697.289,"topics":[{"key":"journalist-safety","label":"Safety of Journalists in Armed Conflict","description":"The proceedings repeatedly returned to the new guidelines on protecting journalists working in war zones. This included practical protection measures, responsibilities of states and armed actors, and the need to make safety standards usable on the ground."}],"words":[{"text":"So","start":686.429,"end":686.735},{"text":"these","start":686.815,"end":687.024},{"text":"are","start":687.056,"end":687.12},{"text":"the","start":687.12,"end":687.184},{"text":"kinds","start":687.2,"end":687.393},{"text":"of","start":687.393,"end":687.505},{"text":"practical","start":687.537,"end":688.003},{"text":"questions","start":688.003,"end":688.517},{"text":"normative","start":689.16,"end":689.531},{"text":"questions","start":689.58,"end":690.162},{"text":"and","start":691.115,"end":691.228},{"text":"guidance","start":691.277,"end":691.762},{"text":"for","start":691.988,"end":692.069},{"text":"states","start":692.069,"end":692.57},{"text":"that","start":692.877,"end":693.232},{"text":"these","start":693.846,"end":694.073},{"text":"guidelines","start":694.105,"end":694.59},{"text":"provide,","start":694.59,"end":695.075},{"text":"and","start":695.543,"end":695.705},{"text":"I","start":695.705,"end":695.883},{"text":"will","start":695.963,"end":696.173},{"text":"be","start":696.19,"end":696.27},{"text":"promoting","start":696.691,"end":697.143},{"text":"them.","start":697.175,"end":697.289}]},{"text":"A number of governments have actually welcomed them and are already working to see how we can take that further.","start":697.337,"end":702.849,"topics":[{"key":"journalist-safety","label":"Safety of Journalists in Armed Conflict","description":"The proceedings repeatedly returned to the new guidelines on protecting journalists working in war zones. This included practical protection measures, responsibilities of states and armed actors, and the need to make safety standards usable on the ground."},{"key":"multilateral-cooperation","label":"Multilateral Cooperation on Human Rights","description":"Several statements addressed the erosion of international law and the need for stronger coalitions to defend freedom of expression. The call was for multi-stakeholder and multilateral cooperation that keeps human rights at the center of technology governance rather than letting expression become a geopolitical bargaining tool."}],"words":[{"text":"A","start":697.337,"end":697.353},{"text":"number","start":697.353,"end":697.709},{"text":"of","start":697.725,"end":697.773},{"text":"governments","start":697.79,"end":698.227},{"text":"have","start":698.227,"end":698.389},{"text":"actually","start":698.389,"end":698.843},{"text":"welcomed","start":698.86,"end":699.281},{"text":"them","start":699.281,"end":699.395},{"text":"and","start":699.508,"end":699.622},{"text":"are","start":699.622,"end":699.752},{"text":"already","start":699.752,"end":700.092},{"text":"working","start":700.173,"end":700.53},{"text":"to","start":701.13,"end":701.276},{"text":"see","start":701.389,"end":701.795},{"text":"how","start":701.86,"end":702.022},{"text":"we","start":702.022,"end":702.103},{"text":"can","start":702.103,"end":702.2},{"text":"take","start":702.2,"end":702.362},{"text":"that","start":702.427,"end":702.589},{"text":"further.","start":702.589,"end":702.849}]},{"text":"So something for you and something for all of us in my report.","start":704.11,"end":709.108,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":704.11,"end":704.222},{"text":"something","start":704.222,"end":704.561},{"text":"for","start":704.609,"end":704.771},{"text":"you","start":704.771,"end":704.819},{"text":"and","start":705.496,"end":705.722},{"text":"something","start":705.931,"end":706.447},{"text":"for","start":707.205,"end":707.415},{"text":"all","start":707.431,"end":707.544},{"text":"of","start":707.544,"end":707.657},{"text":"us","start":707.689,"end":707.802},{"text":"in","start":708.56,"end":708.64},{"text":"my","start":708.64,"end":708.802},{"text":"report.","start":708.802,"end":709.108}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Irene Kahn","affiliation":"UN","affiliation_full":"UN","group":null,"function":"Special Rapporteur on Freedom of Expression"}},{"statement_number":3,"paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you.","start":709.301,"end":709.543,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":709.301,"end":709.463},{"text":"you.","start":709.463,"end":709.543}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Ms. Khan. The Special Rapporteur will now take questions.","start":712.679,"end":715.767,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":712.679,"end":712.926},{"text":"you,","start":712.926,"end":713.008},{"text":"Ms.","start":713.024,"end":713.238},{"text":"Khan.","start":713.336,"end":713.55},{"text":"The","start":713.977,"end":714.043},{"text":"Special","start":714.059,"end":714.388},{"text":"Rapporteur","start":714.388,"end":714.733},{"text":"will","start":714.733,"end":714.897},{"text":"now","start":714.897,"end":715.012},{"text":"take","start":715.143,"end":715.324},{"text":"questions.","start":715.373,"end":715.767}]},{"text":"Please state your name and organization before asking a question.","start":716.315,"end":719.798,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Please","start":716.315,"end":716.509},{"text":"state","start":716.509,"end":716.866},{"text":"your","start":716.866,"end":716.947},{"text":"name","start":716.947,"end":717.109},{"text":"and","start":717.19,"end":717.368},{"text":"organization","start":717.368,"end":717.984},{"text":"before","start":718.162,"end":718.388},{"text":"asking","start":718.421,"end":718.842},{"text":"a","start":718.842,"end":718.891},{"text":"question.","start":718.988,"end":719.798}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":null,"affiliation_full":null,"group":null,"function":"Moderator"}},{"statement_number":4,"paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Kazmira Jafford from Geneva Solutions.","start":725.7,"end":727.648,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Kazmira","start":725.7,"end":725.976},{"text":"Jafford","start":725.976,"end":726.398},{"text":"from","start":726.398,"end":726.576},{"text":"Geneva","start":726.706,"end":727.031},{"text":"Solutions.","start":727.031,"end":727.648}]},{"text":"Thank you very much for this briefing and important report.","start":727.746,"end":731.578,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":727.746,"end":727.924},{"text":"you","start":727.924,"end":728.022},{"text":"very","start":728.022,"end":728.184},{"text":"much","start":728.184,"end":728.379},{"text":"for","start":728.493,"end":728.639},{"text":"this","start":728.639,"end":728.883},{"text":"briefing","start":728.883,"end":729.191},{"text":"and","start":729.37,"end":729.63},{"text":"important","start":729.63,"end":731.156},{"text":"report.","start":731.156,"end":731.578}]},{"text":"A few questions.","start":732.632,"end":733.487,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"A","start":732.632,"end":732.648},{"text":"few","start":732.697,"end":732.939},{"text":"questions.","start":732.939,"end":733.487}]},{"text":"You mentioned the need for— in your recommendations, the need for independent regulators, new coalitions to reduce the monopoly.","start":733.922,"end":741.95,"topics":[{"key":"big-tech-power","label":"Big Tech Power and Accountability","description":"A major theme was the concentration of power in a small number of digital companies that shape the rights of billions with limited oversight. The debate emphasized independent regulation, reducing monopolies, and making companies answer for human rights harms rather than allowing profit to dominate public interest."}],"words":[{"text":"You","start":733.922,"end":734.051},{"text":"mentioned","start":734.051,"end":734.47},{"text":"the","start":734.47,"end":734.535},{"text":"need","start":734.535,"end":734.857},{"text":"for—","start":734.954,"end":735.196},{"text":"in","start":735.196,"end":735.276},{"text":"your","start":735.276,"end":735.405},{"text":"recommendations,","start":735.454,"end":736.147},{"text":"the","start":736.163,"end":736.26},{"text":"need","start":736.26,"end":736.501},{"text":"for","start":736.501,"end":736.663},{"text":"independent","start":736.663,"end":737.211},{"text":"regulators,","start":737.211,"end":737.759},{"text":"new","start":739.36,"end":739.473},{"text":"coalitions","start":739.473,"end":740.331},{"text":"to","start":740.995,"end":741.092},{"text":"reduce","start":741.092,"end":741.416},{"text":"the","start":741.416,"end":741.513},{"text":"monopoly.","start":741.513,"end":741.95}]},{"text":"But in an era where rule of force is overcoming rule of law, and we've seen this erosion of international law.","start":742.145,"end":748.929,"topics":[{"key":"multilateral-cooperation","label":"Multilateral Cooperation on Human Rights","description":"Several statements addressed the erosion of international law and the need for stronger coalitions to defend freedom of expression. The call was for multi-stakeholder and multilateral cooperation that keeps human rights at the center of technology governance rather than letting expression become a geopolitical bargaining tool."}],"words":[{"text":"But","start":742.145,"end":742.291},{"text":"in","start":742.307,"end":742.388},{"text":"an","start":742.388,"end":742.533},{"text":"era","start":742.533,"end":742.793},{"text":"where","start":742.793,"end":743.052},{"text":"rule","start":743.116,"end":743.23},{"text":"of","start":743.278,"end":743.343},{"text":"force","start":743.343,"end":743.797},{"text":"is","start":744.169,"end":744.299},{"text":"overcoming","start":745.282,"end":745.732},{"text":"rule","start":746.391,"end":746.487},{"text":"of","start":746.487,"end":746.584},{"text":"law,","start":746.632,"end":746.76},{"text":"and","start":747.21,"end":747.275},{"text":"we've","start":747.291,"end":747.516},{"text":"seen","start":747.516,"end":747.66},{"text":"this","start":747.676,"end":747.773},{"text":"erosion","start":747.837,"end":748.239},{"text":"of","start":748.239,"end":748.287},{"text":"international","start":748.335,"end":748.817},{"text":"law.","start":748.817,"end":748.929}]},{"text":"What hope do you have that governments and these coalitions can, can change the status quo?","start":749.042,"end":753.38,"topics":[{"key":"multilateral-cooperation","label":"Multilateral Cooperation on Human Rights","description":"Several statements addressed the erosion of international law and the need for stronger coalitions to defend freedom of expression. The call was for multi-stakeholder and multilateral cooperation that keeps human rights at the center of technology governance rather than letting expression become a geopolitical bargaining tool."}],"words":[{"text":"What","start":749.042,"end":749.203},{"text":"hope","start":749.203,"end":749.444},{"text":"do","start":749.444,"end":749.508},{"text":"you","start":749.508,"end":749.556},{"text":"have","start":749.604,"end":749.845},{"text":"that","start":749.845,"end":749.91},{"text":"governments","start":749.942,"end":750.424},{"text":"and","start":750.424,"end":750.665},{"text":"these","start":750.665,"end":750.793},{"text":"coalitions","start":750.825,"end":751.275},{"text":"can,","start":751.307,"end":751.677},{"text":"can","start":752.191,"end":752.368},{"text":"change","start":752.416,"end":752.673},{"text":"the","start":752.673,"end":752.769},{"text":"status","start":752.769,"end":753.107},{"text":"quo?","start":753.219,"end":753.38}]},{"text":"Do you think it'll get worse before it gets better?","start":753.637,"end":755.889,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Do","start":753.637,"end":753.685},{"text":"you","start":753.685,"end":753.782},{"text":"think","start":753.782,"end":753.894},{"text":"it'll","start":753.894,"end":754.039},{"text":"get","start":754.039,"end":754.151},{"text":"worse","start":754.199,"end":754.44},{"text":"before","start":754.44,"end":754.665},{"text":"it","start":754.665,"end":754.794},{"text":"gets","start":754.842,"end":755.148},{"text":"better?","start":755.148,"end":755.889}]},{"text":"And on the guidelines that you've issued for journalists, what kind of triggered this decision to, to issue these alongside the report?","start":757,"end":767.645,"topics":[{"key":"journalist-safety","label":"Safety of Journalists in Armed Conflict","description":"The proceedings repeatedly returned to the new guidelines on protecting journalists working in war zones. This included practical protection measures, responsibilities of states and armed actors, and the need to make safety standards usable on the ground."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":757,"end":757.145},{"text":"on","start":757.242,"end":757.387},{"text":"the","start":757.645,"end":757.773},{"text":"guidelines","start":758.289,"end":758.917},{"text":"that","start":759.014,"end":759.191},{"text":"you've","start":759.191,"end":759.416},{"text":"issued","start":759.432,"end":759.835},{"text":"for","start":759.915,"end":760.447},{"text":"journalists,","start":760.479,"end":761.059},{"text":"what","start":761.204,"end":761.333},{"text":"kind","start":761.365,"end":761.526},{"text":"of","start":761.526,"end":761.655},{"text":"triggered","start":763.201,"end":763.539},{"text":"this","start":763.604,"end":763.732},{"text":"decision","start":764.119,"end":764.57},{"text":"to,","start":764.57,"end":764.843},{"text":"to","start":764.908,"end":765.053},{"text":"issue","start":765.085,"end":765.262},{"text":"these","start":765.375,"end":765.6},{"text":"alongside","start":766.276,"end":766.952},{"text":"the","start":767.065,"end":767.146},{"text":"report?","start":767.146,"end":767.645}]},{"text":"And in the guidelines you mentioned that you kind of addressed the gaps between international human rights law and international humanitarian law, where did you see— yeah, where were gaps existing in current guidelines that these guidelines now issue?","start":768.273,"end":786.983,"topics":[{"key":"conflict-law-protections","label":"Legal Protections in Conflict","description":"Speakers examined how international humanitarian law and human rights law apply during armed conflict, especially to journalists. Key issues included clarifying that journalism is not espionage, defining civilian protection, and addressing when states wrongly justify attacks on reporters."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":768.273,"end":768.611},{"text":"in","start":768.852,"end":768.901},{"text":"the","start":768.933,"end":769.013},{"text":"guidelines","start":769.013,"end":769.593},{"text":"you","start":769.722,"end":769.818},{"text":"mentioned","start":769.818,"end":770.301},{"text":"that","start":770.301,"end":770.607},{"text":"you","start":770.607,"end":770.688},{"text":"kind","start":770.688,"end":770.768},{"text":"of","start":770.768,"end":770.8},{"text":"addressed","start":770.8,"end":771.138},{"text":"the","start":771.171,"end":771.267},{"text":"gaps","start":771.267,"end":771.589},{"text":"between","start":771.589,"end":771.992},{"text":"international","start":774.014,"end":774.4},{"text":"human","start":774.4,"end":774.593},{"text":"rights","start":774.641,"end":774.786},{"text":"law","start":774.963,"end":775.091},{"text":"and","start":775.204,"end":775.317},{"text":"international","start":775.461,"end":775.831},{"text":"humanitarian","start":775.831,"end":777.488},{"text":"law,","start":777.488,"end":777.697},{"text":"where","start":777.713,"end":777.954},{"text":"did","start":777.954,"end":778.099},{"text":"you","start":778.099,"end":778.164},{"text":"see—","start":778.18,"end":778.533},{"text":"yeah,","start":778.984,"end":779.482},{"text":"where","start":780.045,"end":780.254},{"text":"were","start":780.271,"end":780.93},{"text":"gaps","start":780.93,"end":781.493},{"text":"existing","start":781.493,"end":782.024},{"text":"in","start":782.057,"end":782.105},{"text":"current","start":783.667,"end":783.972},{"text":"guidelines","start":783.972,"end":784.439},{"text":"that","start":785.437,"end":785.598},{"text":"these","start":785.904,"end":786.049},{"text":"guidelines","start":786.081,"end":786.484},{"text":"now","start":786.548,"end":786.725},{"text":"issue?","start":786.725,"end":786.983}]},{"text":"Sorry, that was a bit of a ramble.","start":787.112,"end":788.014,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Sorry,","start":787.112,"end":787.257},{"text":"that","start":787.289,"end":787.353},{"text":"was","start":787.353,"end":787.418},{"text":"a","start":787.466,"end":787.514},{"text":"bit","start":787.514,"end":787.691},{"text":"of","start":787.691,"end":787.74},{"text":"a","start":787.74,"end":787.756},{"text":"ramble.","start":787.756,"end":788.014}]},{"text":"Thank you.","start":788.176,"end":788.499,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":788.176,"end":788.338},{"text":"you.","start":788.338,"end":788.499}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Kazmira Jafford","affiliation":"Geneva Solutions","affiliation_full":"Geneva Solutions","group":null,"function":"Journalist"}},{"statement_number":5,"paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Well, on your first question about coalitions, you know, there are, of course, many kinds of coalitions.","start":792.687,"end":798.662,"topics":[{"key":"multilateral-cooperation","label":"Multilateral Cooperation on Human Rights","description":"Several statements addressed the erosion of international law and the need for stronger coalitions to defend freedom of expression. The call was for multi-stakeholder and multilateral cooperation that keeps human rights at the center of technology governance rather than letting expression become a geopolitical bargaining tool."}],"words":[{"text":"Well,","start":792.687,"end":792.833},{"text":"on","start":792.865,"end":792.978},{"text":"your","start":793.011,"end":793.075},{"text":"first","start":793.108,"end":793.496},{"text":"question","start":793.496,"end":793.803},{"text":"about","start":793.997,"end":794.369},{"text":"coalitions,","start":794.401,"end":795.097},{"text":"you","start":795.21,"end":795.291},{"text":"know,","start":795.291,"end":795.371},{"text":"there","start":795.452,"end":795.566},{"text":"are,","start":795.614,"end":795.808},{"text":"of","start":796.406,"end":796.471},{"text":"course,","start":796.568,"end":796.859},{"text":"many","start":797.377,"end":797.523},{"text":"kinds","start":797.556,"end":797.93},{"text":"of","start":797.963,"end":798.044},{"text":"coalitions.","start":798.044,"end":798.662}]},{"text":"There is the Media Freedom Coalition, the Freedom Online Coalition, There's the Internet Governance Forum.","start":799.426,"end":803.933,"topics":[{"key":"multilateral-cooperation","label":"Multilateral Cooperation on Human Rights","description":"Several statements addressed the erosion of international law and the need for stronger coalitions to defend freedom of expression. The call was for multi-stakeholder and multilateral cooperation that keeps human rights at the center of technology governance rather than letting expression become a geopolitical bargaining tool."}],"words":[{"text":"There","start":799.426,"end":799.524},{"text":"is","start":799.524,"end":799.638},{"text":"the","start":799.654,"end":799.751},{"text":"Media","start":799.751,"end":799.979},{"text":"Freedom","start":799.979,"end":800.304},{"text":"Coalition,","start":800.304,"end":800.76},{"text":"the","start":800.955,"end":801.036},{"text":"Freedom","start":801.036,"end":801.264},{"text":"Online","start":801.361,"end":801.67},{"text":"Coalition,","start":801.703,"end":802.207},{"text":"There's","start":802.5,"end":802.695},{"text":"the","start":802.695,"end":802.76},{"text":"Internet","start":802.776,"end":803.151},{"text":"Governance","start":803.184,"end":803.591},{"text":"Forum.","start":803.656,"end":803.933}]},{"text":"There are many, many of those groups that are coming together around the issue of digital technology.","start":803.998,"end":808.038,"topics":[{"key":"multilateral-cooperation","label":"Multilateral Cooperation on Human Rights","description":"Several statements addressed the erosion of international law and the need for stronger coalitions to defend freedom of expression. The call was for multi-stakeholder and multilateral cooperation that keeps human rights at the center of technology governance rather than letting expression become a geopolitical bargaining tool."}],"words":[{"text":"There","start":803.998,"end":804.128},{"text":"are","start":804.145,"end":804.177},{"text":"many,","start":804.177,"end":804.454},{"text":"many","start":804.65,"end":804.862},{"text":"of","start":804.894,"end":804.992},{"text":"those","start":804.992,"end":805.187},{"text":"groups","start":805.22,"end":805.497},{"text":"that","start":805.546,"end":805.709},{"text":"are","start":805.709,"end":805.79},{"text":"coming","start":805.79,"end":806.002},{"text":"together","start":806.034,"end":806.523},{"text":"around","start":806.523,"end":806.833},{"text":"the","start":806.833,"end":806.947},{"text":"issue","start":806.947,"end":807.24},{"text":"of","start":807.24,"end":807.338},{"text":"digital","start":807.338,"end":807.663},{"text":"technology.","start":807.663,"end":808.038}]},{"text":"What I'm asking for is a much more focused, uh, multi-stakeholder, multilateral, uh, uh, forum now, uh, to focus very clearly on the importance of ensuring that human rights framework is central to the development of technology, of the new technologies.","start":808.74,"end":834.248,"topics":[{"key":"multilateral-cooperation","label":"Multilateral Cooperation on Human Rights","description":"Several statements addressed the erosion of international law and the need for stronger coalitions to defend freedom of expression. The call was for multi-stakeholder and multilateral cooperation that keeps human rights at the center of technology governance rather than letting expression become a geopolitical bargaining tool."}],"words":[{"text":"What","start":808.74,"end":808.869},{"text":"I'm","start":808.917,"end":809.015},{"text":"asking","start":809.16,"end":809.467},{"text":"for","start":809.5,"end":809.694},{"text":"is","start":809.84,"end":809.92},{"text":"a","start":809.92,"end":809.985},{"text":"much","start":809.985,"end":810.195},{"text":"more","start":810.228,"end":810.454},{"text":"focused,","start":810.454,"end":811.198},{"text":"uh,","start":811.587,"end":811.668},{"text":"multi-stakeholder,","start":811.748,"end":812.897},{"text":"multilateral,","start":813.463,"end":815.372},{"text":"uh,","start":816.035,"end":816.052},{"text":"uh,","start":818.137,"end":818.169},{"text":"forum","start":818.943,"end":819.297},{"text":"now,","start":819.909,"end":820.038},{"text":"uh,","start":820.956,"end":821.005},{"text":"to","start":821.681,"end":821.81},{"text":"focus","start":822.503,"end":822.841},{"text":"very","start":822.97,"end":823.196},{"text":"clearly","start":823.212,"end":823.888},{"text":"on","start":824.033,"end":824.13},{"text":"the","start":824.194,"end":824.275},{"text":"importance","start":824.275,"end":825.08},{"text":"of","start":825.306,"end":825.451},{"text":"ensuring","start":825.483,"end":826.095},{"text":"that","start":826.272,"end":826.45},{"text":"human","start":826.45,"end":826.723},{"text":"rights","start":826.774,"end":827.138},{"text":"framework","start":827.554,"end":830.033},{"text":"is","start":828.823,"end":828.951},{"text":"central","start":829.385,"end":830.011},{"text":"to","start":830.492,"end":830.556},{"text":"the","start":830.588,"end":830.669},{"text":"development","start":830.669,"end":831.391},{"text":"of","start":831.952,"end":832.081},{"text":"technology,","start":832.113,"end":832.723},{"text":"of","start":833.301,"end":833.461},{"text":"the","start":833.461,"end":833.541},{"text":"new","start":833.541,"end":833.606},{"text":"technologies.","start":833.638,"end":834.248}]},{"text":"And a very clear message this forum, this coalition should also be giving to governments.","start":835.066,"end":841.406,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":835.066,"end":835.451},{"text":"a","start":836.045,"end":836.061},{"text":"very","start":836.125,"end":836.366},{"text":"clear","start":836.43,"end":836.816},{"text":"message","start":836.832,"end":837.217},{"text":"this","start":837.409,"end":837.634},{"text":"forum,","start":837.634,"end":837.923},{"text":"this","start":838.388,"end":838.693},{"text":"coalition","start":838.998,"end":839.416},{"text":"should","start":839.416,"end":839.656},{"text":"also","start":839.72,"end":839.913},{"text":"be","start":839.961,"end":840.058},{"text":"giving","start":840.058,"end":840.346},{"text":"to","start":840.796,"end":840.908},{"text":"governments.","start":840.94,"end":841.406}]},{"text":"Governments should live up to international law obligations.","start":842.208,"end":846.766,"topics":[{"key":"multilateral-cooperation","label":"Multilateral Cooperation on Human Rights","description":"Several statements addressed the erosion of international law and the need for stronger coalitions to defend freedom of expression. The call was for multi-stakeholder and multilateral cooperation that keeps human rights at the center of technology governance rather than letting expression become a geopolitical bargaining tool."}],"words":[{"text":"Governments","start":842.208,"end":842.898},{"text":"should","start":843.588,"end":843.909},{"text":"live","start":843.909,"end":844.07},{"text":"up","start":844.07,"end":844.327},{"text":"to","start":844.648,"end":844.76},{"text":"international","start":845.049,"end":845.643},{"text":"law","start":845.675,"end":845.932},{"text":"obligations.","start":846.156,"end":846.766}]},{"text":"They were the ones who created these obligations.","start":846.863,"end":849.061,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"They","start":846.863,"end":846.991},{"text":"were","start":847.119,"end":847.28},{"text":"the","start":847.28,"end":847.328},{"text":"ones","start":847.36,"end":847.601},{"text":"who","start":847.665,"end":847.729},{"text":"created","start":847.745,"end":848.13},{"text":"these","start":848.163,"end":848.387},{"text":"obligations.","start":848.387,"end":849.061}]},{"text":"We are just asking them to stay true to their obligations.","start":849.126,"end":852.223,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":849.126,"end":849.222},{"text":"are","start":849.222,"end":849.286},{"text":"just","start":849.286,"end":849.511},{"text":"asking","start":849.591,"end":849.816},{"text":"them","start":849.912,"end":850.024},{"text":"to","start":850.072,"end":850.217},{"text":"stay","start":850.666,"end":850.891},{"text":"true","start":850.955,"end":851.196},{"text":"to","start":851.196,"end":851.292},{"text":"their","start":851.292,"end":851.453},{"text":"obligations.","start":851.453,"end":852.223}]},{"text":"—because if they don't, they actually create an environment in which companies feel they have a license to pursue profit rather than protecting people.","start":854.31,"end":865.026,"topics":[{"key":"big-tech-power","label":"Big Tech Power and Accountability","description":"A major theme was the concentration of power in a small number of digital companies that shape the rights of billions with limited oversight. The debate emphasized independent regulation, reducing monopolies, and making companies answer for human rights harms rather than allowing profit to dominate public interest."}],"words":[{"text":"—because","start":854.31,"end":854.552},{"text":"if","start":854.568,"end":854.632},{"text":"they","start":854.665,"end":854.81},{"text":"don't,","start":854.81,"end":855.213},{"text":"they","start":855.536,"end":855.617},{"text":"actually","start":855.73,"end":856.085},{"text":"create","start":856.117,"end":856.424},{"text":"an","start":856.424,"end":856.504},{"text":"environment","start":856.504,"end":857.053},{"text":"in","start":857.166,"end":857.215},{"text":"which","start":857.328,"end":857.457},{"text":"companies","start":857.489,"end":858.021},{"text":"feel","start":858.78,"end":859.2},{"text":"they","start":859.345,"end":859.409},{"text":"have","start":859.409,"end":859.522},{"text":"a","start":859.522,"end":859.652},{"text":"license","start":859.652,"end":859.958},{"text":"to","start":860.894,"end":861.104},{"text":"pursue","start":861.524,"end":861.846},{"text":"profit","start":861.846,"end":862.266},{"text":"rather","start":863.121,"end":863.38},{"text":"than","start":863.444,"end":863.59},{"text":"protecting","start":863.59,"end":864.046},{"text":"people.","start":864.683,"end":865.026}]},{"text":"Now, the climate—you're absolutely right—the climate for multilateralism is under huge pressure.","start":868.115,"end":873.215,"topics":[{"key":"multilateral-cooperation","label":"Multilateral Cooperation on Human Rights","description":"Several statements addressed the erosion of international law and the need for stronger coalitions to defend freedom of expression. The call was for multi-stakeholder and multilateral cooperation that keeps human rights at the center of technology governance rather than letting expression become a geopolitical bargaining tool."}],"words":[{"text":"Now,","start":868.115,"end":868.148},{"text":"the","start":868.293,"end":868.374},{"text":"climate—you're","start":868.374,"end":868.987},{"text":"absolutely","start":869.003,"end":869.487},{"text":"right—the","start":869.487,"end":869.891},{"text":"climate","start":869.891,"end":870.294},{"text":"for","start":870.294,"end":870.375},{"text":"multilateralism","start":870.375,"end":871.246},{"text":"is","start":871.618,"end":871.747},{"text":"under","start":871.747,"end":871.924},{"text":"huge","start":871.924,"end":872.408},{"text":"pressure.","start":872.731,"end":873.215}]},{"text":"Despite the meeting of the G7 and so on, we know that cooperation, international cooperation, is going through a period of great stress.","start":874.184,"end":885.748,"topics":[{"key":"multilateral-cooperation","label":"Multilateral Cooperation on Human Rights","description":"Several statements addressed the erosion of international law and the need for stronger coalitions to defend freedom of expression. The call was for multi-stakeholder and multilateral cooperation that keeps human rights at the center of technology governance rather than letting expression become a geopolitical bargaining tool."}],"words":[{"text":"Despite","start":874.184,"end":874.926},{"text":"the","start":875.781,"end":875.83},{"text":"meeting","start":875.83,"end":876.088},{"text":"of","start":876.185,"end":876.233},{"text":"the","start":876.25,"end":876.282},{"text":"G7","start":876.282,"end":877.146},{"text":"and","start":877.179,"end":877.244},{"text":"so","start":877.325,"end":877.488},{"text":"on,","start":877.57,"end":877.619},{"text":"we","start":878.319,"end":878.417},{"text":"know","start":878.417,"end":878.727},{"text":"that","start":879.379,"end":879.591},{"text":"cooperation,","start":879.623,"end":880.226},{"text":"international","start":880.357,"end":880.911},{"text":"cooperation,","start":880.911,"end":881.465},{"text":"is","start":882.867,"end":882.98},{"text":"going","start":883.077,"end":883.304},{"text":"through","start":883.401,"end":883.498},{"text":"a","start":883.498,"end":883.579},{"text":"period","start":883.579,"end":884.032},{"text":"of","start":884.777,"end":884.842},{"text":"great","start":884.955,"end":885.343},{"text":"stress.","start":885.343,"end":885.748}]},{"text":"However, we have seen time and time again that when governments come together, when people come together, they can do things better than when they work singly.","start":887.55,"end":898.265,"topics":[{"key":"multilateral-cooperation","label":"Multilateral Cooperation on Human Rights","description":"Several statements addressed the erosion of international law and the need for stronger coalitions to defend freedom of expression. The call was for multi-stakeholder and multilateral cooperation that keeps human rights at the center of technology governance rather than letting expression become a geopolitical bargaining tool."}],"words":[{"text":"However,","start":887.55,"end":888.049},{"text":"we","start":888.693,"end":888.774},{"text":"have","start":888.774,"end":888.854},{"text":"seen","start":888.87,"end":889.08},{"text":"time","start":889.176,"end":889.66},{"text":"and","start":889.66,"end":889.724},{"text":"time","start":889.756,"end":890.03},{"text":"again","start":890.078,"end":890.352},{"text":"that","start":891.27,"end":891.448},{"text":"when","start":891.448,"end":891.609},{"text":"governments","start":891.689,"end":892.173},{"text":"come","start":892.173,"end":892.414},{"text":"together,","start":892.414,"end":893.026},{"text":"when","start":893.042,"end":893.155},{"text":"people","start":893.284,"end":893.719},{"text":"come","start":893.864,"end":894.106},{"text":"together,","start":894.106,"end":894.702},{"text":"they","start":895.153,"end":895.233},{"text":"can","start":895.233,"end":895.442},{"text":"do","start":895.781,"end":895.894},{"text":"things","start":895.894,"end":896.167},{"text":"better","start":896.28,"end":896.49},{"text":"than","start":896.523,"end":896.657},{"text":"when","start":896.69,"end":897.076},{"text":"they","start":897.193,"end":897.226},{"text":"work","start":897.344,"end":897.612},{"text":"singly.","start":897.712,"end":898.265}]},{"text":"I'm asking for governments and people to come together here.","start":899.949,"end":903.776,"topics":[{"key":"multilateral-cooperation","label":"Multilateral Cooperation on Human Rights","description":"Several statements addressed the erosion of international law and the need for stronger coalitions to defend freedom of expression. The call was for multi-stakeholder and multilateral cooperation that keeps human rights at the center of technology governance rather than letting expression become a geopolitical bargaining tool."}],"words":[{"text":"I'm","start":899.949,"end":900.094},{"text":"asking","start":900.352,"end":900.691},{"text":"for","start":900.837,"end":901.014},{"text":"governments","start":901.014,"end":901.58},{"text":"and","start":901.725,"end":901.951},{"text":"people","start":901.983,"end":902.436},{"text":"to","start":902.791,"end":902.92},{"text":"come","start":902.952,"end":903.211},{"text":"together","start":903.211,"end":903.647},{"text":"here.","start":903.663,"end":903.776}]},{"text":"It has been done in the past, and— particularly the global majority, the medium-sized powers, the smaller countries need to come together, support each other, and send clear messages to those who are powerful where these companies are located in countries that human rights, particularly freedom of expression, cannot be treated as an object for tariff negotiations.","start":904.648,"end":934.72,"topics":[{"key":"multilateral-cooperation","label":"Multilateral Cooperation on Human Rights","description":"Several statements addressed the erosion of international law and the need for stronger coalitions to defend freedom of expression. The call was for multi-stakeholder and multilateral cooperation that keeps human rights at the center of technology governance rather than letting expression become a geopolitical bargaining tool."},{"key":"big-tech-power","label":"Big Tech Power and Accountability","description":"A major theme was the concentration of power in a small number of digital companies that shape the rights of billions with limited oversight. The debate emphasized independent regulation, reducing monopolies, and making companies answer for human rights harms rather than allowing profit to dominate public interest."},{"key":"digital-freedom","label":"Digital Freedom of Expression","description":"The discussion focused on how digital platforms and AI are transforming freedom of expression while also enabling censorship, manipulation, hate, and disinformation. Speakers stressed that the online information environment is increasingly hostile to dissent, journalists, women, and the broader public."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":904.648,"end":904.729},{"text":"has","start":904.729,"end":904.939},{"text":"been","start":905.052,"end":905.165},{"text":"done","start":905.213,"end":905.326},{"text":"in","start":905.391,"end":905.455},{"text":"the","start":905.536,"end":905.617},{"text":"past,","start":905.617,"end":906.182},{"text":"and—","start":906.812,"end":907.038},{"text":"particularly","start":907.356,"end":908.062},{"text":"the","start":908.4,"end":908.48},{"text":"global","start":908.496,"end":908.897},{"text":"majority,","start":908.897,"end":909.507},{"text":"the","start":910.021,"end":910.166},{"text":"medium-sized","start":910.166,"end":910.872},{"text":"powers,","start":910.904,"end":911.354},{"text":"the","start":911.707,"end":911.771},{"text":"smaller","start":911.771,"end":912.349},{"text":"countries","start":912.349,"end":912.879},{"text":"need","start":913.313,"end":913.811},{"text":"to","start":913.859,"end":913.955},{"text":"come","start":913.955,"end":914.196},{"text":"together,","start":914.196,"end":914.678},{"text":"support","start":915.336,"end":916.042},{"text":"each","start":916.042,"end":916.203},{"text":"other,","start":916.348,"end":916.637},{"text":"and","start":917.311,"end":917.423},{"text":"send","start":917.423,"end":917.696},{"text":"clear","start":917.728,"end":917.969},{"text":"messages","start":917.969,"end":918.499},{"text":"to","start":919.334,"end":919.495},{"text":"those","start":919.495,"end":919.784},{"text":"who","start":919.8,"end":919.864},{"text":"are","start":919.896,"end":919.976},{"text":"powerful","start":919.976,"end":920.715},{"text":"where","start":921.181,"end":921.421},{"text":"these","start":921.421,"end":921.63},{"text":"companies","start":921.662,"end":922.112},{"text":"are","start":922.288,"end":922.353},{"text":"located","start":922.369,"end":922.834},{"text":"in","start":923.268,"end":923.316},{"text":"countries","start":923.348,"end":923.718},{"text":"that","start":924.536,"end":924.922},{"text":"human","start":925.821,"end":926.158},{"text":"rights,","start":926.158,"end":926.511},{"text":"particularly","start":926.72,"end":927.411},{"text":"freedom","start":927.427,"end":927.876},{"text":"of","start":928.165,"end":928.262},{"text":"expression,","start":928.262,"end":929.096},{"text":"cannot","start":929.931,"end":930.397},{"text":"be","start":930.397,"end":930.493},{"text":"treated","start":930.558,"end":930.927},{"text":"as","start":931.377,"end":931.505},{"text":"an","start":931.537,"end":931.666},{"text":"object","start":931.778,"end":932.388},{"text":"for","start":932.89,"end":933.176},{"text":"tariff","start":933.478,"end":933.83},{"text":"negotiations.","start":933.83,"end":934.72}]},{"text":"It cannot become an issue of geopolitics.","start":936.789,"end":940.997,"topics":[{"key":"multilateral-cooperation","label":"Multilateral Cooperation on Human Rights","description":"Several statements addressed the erosion of international law and the need for stronger coalitions to defend freedom of expression. The call was for multi-stakeholder and multilateral cooperation that keeps human rights at the center of technology governance rather than letting expression become a geopolitical bargaining tool."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":936.789,"end":936.95},{"text":"cannot","start":936.95,"end":937.547},{"text":"become","start":938.256,"end":938.691},{"text":"an","start":939.546,"end":939.707},{"text":"issue","start":939.723,"end":940.029},{"text":"of","start":940.029,"end":940.158},{"text":"geopolitics.","start":940.174,"end":940.997}]},{"text":"It's a right and therefore deserves respect, deserves protection.","start":941.657,"end":946.154,"topics":[{"key":"digital-freedom","label":"Digital Freedom of Expression","description":"The discussion focused on how digital platforms and AI are transforming freedom of expression while also enabling censorship, manipulation, hate, and disinformation. Speakers stressed that the online information environment is increasingly hostile to dissent, journalists, women, and the broader public."}],"words":[{"text":"It's","start":941.657,"end":941.819},{"text":"a","start":941.819,"end":941.964},{"text":"right","start":941.964,"end":942.302},{"text":"and","start":942.85,"end":942.915},{"text":"therefore","start":942.931,"end":943.269},{"text":"deserves","start":943.269,"end":943.705},{"text":"respect,","start":943.979,"end":944.317},{"text":"deserves","start":945.43,"end":945.591},{"text":"protection.","start":945.687,"end":946.154}]},{"text":"I think if the strong message goes out together— we have seen time and time again smaller countries have come together.","start":948.263,"end":954.124,"topics":[{"key":"multilateral-cooperation","label":"Multilateral Cooperation on Human Rights","description":"Several statements addressed the erosion of international law and the need for stronger coalitions to defend freedom of expression. The call was for multi-stakeholder and multilateral cooperation that keeps human rights at the center of technology governance rather than letting expression become a geopolitical bargaining tool."}],"words":[{"text":"I","start":948.263,"end":948.312},{"text":"think","start":948.36,"end":948.682},{"text":"if","start":948.682,"end":948.827},{"text":"the","start":948.827,"end":948.923},{"text":"strong","start":948.923,"end":949.213},{"text":"message","start":949.245,"end":949.567},{"text":"goes","start":949.567,"end":949.777},{"text":"out","start":949.873,"end":950.179},{"text":"together—","start":950.372,"end":950.823},{"text":"we","start":950.855,"end":951},{"text":"have","start":951,"end":951.161},{"text":"seen","start":951.161,"end":951.306},{"text":"time","start":951.403,"end":951.677},{"text":"and","start":951.677,"end":951.805},{"text":"time","start":951.805,"end":951.934},{"text":"again","start":951.999,"end":952.272},{"text":"smaller","start":952.804,"end":953.11},{"text":"countries","start":953.11,"end":953.432},{"text":"have","start":953.432,"end":953.56},{"text":"come","start":953.593,"end":953.754},{"text":"together.","start":953.754,"end":954.124}]},{"text":"You look at the history of the United Nations and you see there are moments where they have come together and they've done it.","start":954.623,"end":959.967,"topics":[{"key":"multilateral-cooperation","label":"Multilateral Cooperation on Human Rights","description":"Several statements addressed the erosion of international law and the need for stronger coalitions to defend freedom of expression. The call was for multi-stakeholder and multilateral cooperation that keeps human rights at the center of technology governance rather than letting expression become a geopolitical bargaining tool."}],"words":[{"text":"You","start":954.623,"end":954.687},{"text":"look","start":954.72,"end":954.897},{"text":"at","start":954.897,"end":955.01},{"text":"the","start":955.01,"end":955.042},{"text":"history","start":955.042,"end":955.416},{"text":"of","start":956.342,"end":956.44},{"text":"the","start":956.489,"end":956.554},{"text":"United","start":956.57,"end":956.976},{"text":"Nations","start":956.976,"end":957.383},{"text":"and","start":957.383,"end":957.48},{"text":"you","start":957.48,"end":957.561},{"text":"see","start":957.561,"end":957.74},{"text":"there","start":957.805,"end":957.935},{"text":"are","start":957.935,"end":957.984},{"text":"moments","start":958.049,"end":958.407},{"text":"where","start":958.537,"end":958.699},{"text":"they","start":958.699,"end":958.829},{"text":"have","start":958.845,"end":958.927},{"text":"come","start":958.943,"end":959.171},{"text":"together","start":959.171,"end":959.496},{"text":"and","start":959.512,"end":959.593},{"text":"they've","start":959.593,"end":959.821},{"text":"done","start":959.821,"end":959.934},{"text":"it.","start":959.934,"end":959.967}]},{"text":"We've seen strong statements from some of these middle powers about being at the table, otherwise, you know, you're on the menu.","start":960.462,"end":968.699,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We've","start":960.462,"end":960.623},{"text":"seen","start":960.623,"end":960.831},{"text":"strong","start":960.848,"end":961.072},{"text":"statements","start":961.169,"end":962.084},{"text":"from","start":962.228,"end":962.469},{"text":"some","start":962.469,"end":962.71},{"text":"of","start":962.71,"end":962.79},{"text":"these","start":962.79,"end":962.919},{"text":"middle","start":962.951,"end":963.144},{"text":"powers","start":963.192,"end":963.641},{"text":"about","start":964.38,"end":965.022},{"text":"being","start":965.504,"end":965.648},{"text":"at","start":965.681,"end":965.761},{"text":"the","start":965.761,"end":965.841},{"text":"table,","start":965.841,"end":966.194},{"text":"otherwise,","start":966.949,"end":967.495},{"text":"you","start":967.591,"end":967.623},{"text":"know,","start":967.623,"end":967.864},{"text":"you're","start":968.089,"end":968.234},{"text":"on","start":968.234,"end":968.298},{"text":"the","start":968.314,"end":968.394},{"text":"menu.","start":968.394,"end":968.699}]},{"text":"So what I'm telling them, well, you're saying those things, well, do it.","start":969.47,"end":972.922,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":969.47,"end":969.711},{"text":"what","start":969.711,"end":969.839},{"text":"I'm","start":969.839,"end":970},{"text":"telling","start":970,"end":970.225},{"text":"them,","start":970.257,"end":970.417},{"text":"well,","start":970.722,"end":971.027},{"text":"you're","start":971.365,"end":971.461},{"text":"saying","start":971.461,"end":971.75},{"text":"those","start":971.846,"end":971.991},{"text":"things,","start":972.023,"end":972.312},{"text":"well,","start":972.344,"end":972.505},{"text":"do","start":972.585,"end":972.729},{"text":"it.","start":972.745,"end":972.922}]},{"text":"Here's an issue on which you can be at the table.","start":973.227,"end":976.246,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Here's","start":973.227,"end":973.548},{"text":"an","start":973.548,"end":973.677},{"text":"issue","start":973.709,"end":973.982},{"text":"on","start":974.175,"end":974.335},{"text":"which","start":974.335,"end":974.56},{"text":"you","start":975.058,"end":975.122},{"text":"can","start":975.218,"end":975.555},{"text":"be","start":975.555,"end":975.7},{"text":"at","start":975.716,"end":975.86},{"text":"the","start":975.86,"end":975.957},{"text":"table.","start":975.957,"end":976.246}]},{"text":"Bring everyone around the table and find solutions.","start":976.679,"end":979.297,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Bring","start":976.679,"end":976.808},{"text":"everyone","start":976.904,"end":977.241},{"text":"around","start":977.241,"end":977.498},{"text":"the","start":977.498,"end":977.627},{"text":"table","start":977.627,"end":978.076},{"text":"and","start":978.365,"end":978.43},{"text":"find","start":978.526,"end":978.751},{"text":"solutions.","start":978.751,"end":979.297}]},{"text":"Make it happen.","start":980.292,"end":980.822,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Make","start":980.292,"end":980.453},{"text":"it","start":980.453,"end":980.501},{"text":"happen.","start":980.517,"end":980.822}]},{"text":"Because if you don't, the costs are very high.","start":981.978,"end":985.27,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Because","start":981.978,"end":982.588},{"text":"if","start":983.038,"end":983.166},{"text":"you","start":983.166,"end":983.263},{"text":"don't,","start":983.343,"end":983.808},{"text":"the","start":984.29,"end":984.451},{"text":"costs","start":984.451,"end":984.788},{"text":"are","start":984.788,"end":984.868},{"text":"very","start":984.868,"end":985.077},{"text":"high.","start":985.109,"end":985.27}]},{"text":"Women, children, media.","start":986.233,"end":988.401,"topics":[{"key":"media-pluralism","label":"Media Pluralism and Public-Interest Information","description":"Participants stressed the importance of independent, diverse, and pluralistic media as a pillar of democracy and a public good. Concerns were raised about media deserts, the decline of independent journalism, and the need to invest in healthier information ecosystems."}],"words":[{"text":"Women,","start":986.233,"end":986.522},{"text":"children,","start":987.1,"end":987.582},{"text":"media.","start":987.999,"end":988.401}]},{"text":"We see the cost they're paying very visibly in front of us.","start":988.481,"end":991.901,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":988.481,"end":988.625},{"text":"see","start":988.625,"end":988.963},{"text":"the","start":989.268,"end":989.364},{"text":"cost","start":989.364,"end":989.701},{"text":"they're","start":989.765,"end":989.862},{"text":"paying","start":989.926,"end":990.215},{"text":"very","start":990.713,"end":990.889},{"text":"visibly","start":990.954,"end":991.371},{"text":"in","start":991.371,"end":991.419},{"text":"front","start":991.516,"end":991.692},{"text":"of","start":991.692,"end":991.773},{"text":"us.","start":991.837,"end":991.901}]},{"text":"But there is a bigger cost to elections, democracy, to ability for the state and the citizen to communicate because corporate lobbying has always been there.","start":992.897,"end":1004.12,"topics":[{"key":"democratic-backsliding","label":"Democratic Backsliding and Suppression of Dissent","description":"Another recurring topic was the use of criminal, security, counter-terrorism, and related laws by states, including liberal democracies, to silence lawful speech and protest. Examples raised concerns about shrinking civic space, double standards, and the weakening of democratic norms."},{"key":"big-tech-power","label":"Big Tech Power and Accountability","description":"A major theme was the concentration of power in a small number of digital companies that shape the rights of billions with limited oversight. The debate emphasized independent regulation, reducing monopolies, and making companies answer for human rights harms rather than allowing profit to dominate public interest."}],"words":[{"text":"But","start":992.897,"end":993.153},{"text":"there","start":993.153,"end":993.282},{"text":"is","start":993.282,"end":993.378},{"text":"a","start":993.378,"end":993.394},{"text":"bigger","start":993.603,"end":993.828},{"text":"cost","start":993.86,"end":994.39},{"text":"to","start":994.663,"end":994.759},{"text":"elections,","start":994.759,"end":995.433},{"text":"democracy,","start":995.867,"end":996.445},{"text":"to","start":997.473,"end":997.617},{"text":"ability","start":997.714,"end":998.163},{"text":"for","start":998.661,"end":999.094},{"text":"the","start":999.721,"end":999.817},{"text":"state","start":999.817,"end":1000.138},{"text":"and","start":1000.138,"end":1000.202},{"text":"the","start":1000.202,"end":1000.299},{"text":"citizen","start":1000.299,"end":1000.652},{"text":"to","start":1000.684,"end":1000.764},{"text":"communicate","start":1000.764,"end":1001.407},{"text":"because","start":1001.808,"end":1002.177},{"text":"corporate","start":1002.595,"end":1002.996},{"text":"lobbying","start":1002.996,"end":1003.205},{"text":"has","start":1003.237,"end":1003.349},{"text":"always","start":1003.398,"end":1003.622},{"text":"been","start":1003.654,"end":1003.767},{"text":"there.","start":1003.815,"end":1004.12}]},{"text":"Corporate profits have always been there.","start":1004.602,"end":1006.368,"topics":[{"key":"big-tech-power","label":"Big Tech Power and Accountability","description":"A major theme was the concentration of power in a small number of digital companies that shape the rights of billions with limited oversight. The debate emphasized independent regulation, reducing monopolies, and making companies answer for human rights harms rather than allowing profit to dominate public interest."}],"words":[{"text":"Corporate","start":1004.602,"end":1005.003},{"text":"profits","start":1005.003,"end":1005.373},{"text":"have","start":1005.437,"end":1005.645},{"text":"always","start":1005.645,"end":1005.87},{"text":"been","start":1005.902,"end":1006.031},{"text":"there.","start":1006.063,"end":1006.368}]},{"text":"But here we are talking about something that is actually an issue of public interest.","start":1006.689,"end":1010.254,"topics":[{"key":"media-pluralism","label":"Media Pluralism and Public-Interest Information","description":"Participants stressed the importance of independent, diverse, and pluralistic media as a pillar of democracy and a public good. Concerns were raised about media deserts, the decline of independent journalism, and the need to invest in healthier information ecosystems."}],"words":[{"text":"But","start":1006.689,"end":1006.785},{"text":"here","start":1006.85,"end":1007.187},{"text":"we","start":1007.187,"end":1007.267},{"text":"are","start":1007.283,"end":1007.347},{"text":"talking","start":1007.347,"end":1007.685},{"text":"about","start":1007.685,"end":1007.909},{"text":"something","start":1007.909,"end":1008.279},{"text":"that","start":1008.375,"end":1008.487},{"text":"is","start":1008.487,"end":1008.616},{"text":"actually","start":1008.616,"end":1008.937},{"text":"an","start":1008.953,"end":1009.001},{"text":"issue","start":1009.13,"end":1009.403},{"text":"of","start":1009.419,"end":1009.483},{"text":"public","start":1009.515,"end":1009.852},{"text":"interest.","start":1009.917,"end":1010.254}]},{"text":"It is a public a public good.","start":1010.864,"end":1011.99,"topics":[{"key":"media-pluralism","label":"Media Pluralism and Public-Interest Information","description":"Participants stressed the importance of independent, diverse, and pluralistic media as a pillar of democracy and a public good. Concerns were raised about media deserts, the decline of independent journalism, and the need to invest in healthier information ecosystems."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":1010.864,"end":1010.96},{"text":"is","start":1010.96,"end":1011.04},{"text":"a","start":1011.04,"end":1011.057},{"text":"public","start":1011.121,"end":1011.458},{"text":"a","start":1011.33,"end":1011.346},{"text":"public","start":1011.346,"end":1011.732},{"text":"good.","start":1011.764,"end":1011.99}]},{"text":"Information is a public service.","start":1012.746,"end":1014.985,"topics":[{"key":"media-pluralism","label":"Media Pluralism and Public-Interest Information","description":"Participants stressed the importance of independent, diverse, and pluralistic media as a pillar of democracy and a public good. Concerns were raised about media deserts, the decline of independent journalism, and the need to invest in healthier information ecosystems."}],"words":[{"text":"Information","start":1012.746,"end":1013.342},{"text":"is","start":1013.874,"end":1013.986},{"text":"a","start":1014.018,"end":1014.18},{"text":"public","start":1014.18,"end":1014.518},{"text":"service.","start":1014.518,"end":1014.985}]},{"text":"And if you don't protect that, then you're destroying communities, you're destroying your own democracies.","start":1016.901,"end":1021.477,"topics":[{"key":"media-pluralism","label":"Media Pluralism and Public-Interest Information","description":"Participants stressed the importance of independent, diverse, and pluralistic media as a pillar of democracy and a public good. Concerns were raised about media deserts, the decline of independent journalism, and the need to invest in healthier information ecosystems."},{"key":"democratic-backsliding","label":"Democratic Backsliding and Suppression of Dissent","description":"Another recurring topic was the use of criminal, security, counter-terrorism, and related laws by states, including liberal democracies, to silence lawful speech and protest. Examples raised concerns about shrinking civic space, double standards, and the weakening of democratic norms."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":1016.901,"end":1017.126},{"text":"if","start":1017.255,"end":1017.384},{"text":"you","start":1017.384,"end":1017.416},{"text":"don't","start":1017.416,"end":1017.641},{"text":"protect","start":1017.641,"end":1018.108},{"text":"that,","start":1018.108,"end":1018.463},{"text":"then","start":1018.913,"end":1019.074},{"text":"you're","start":1019.074,"end":1019.235},{"text":"destroying","start":1019.235,"end":1019.622},{"text":"communities,","start":1019.654,"end":1020.218},{"text":"you're","start":1020.234,"end":1020.363},{"text":"destroying","start":1020.363,"end":1020.668},{"text":"your","start":1020.701,"end":1020.813},{"text":"own","start":1020.83,"end":1020.878},{"text":"democracies.","start":1020.878,"end":1021.477}]},{"text":"So our message goes very strongly to liberal democracies because here we see a backsliding.","start":1021.915,"end":1026.498,"topics":[{"key":"democratic-backsliding","label":"Democratic Backsliding and Suppression of Dissent","description":"Another recurring topic was the use of criminal, security, counter-terrorism, and related laws by states, including liberal democracies, to silence lawful speech and protest. Examples raised concerns about shrinking civic space, double standards, and the weakening of democratic norms."}],"words":[{"text":"So","start":1021.915,"end":1021.979},{"text":"our","start":1021.979,"end":1022.076},{"text":"message","start":1022.076,"end":1022.611},{"text":"goes","start":1022.643,"end":1022.854},{"text":"very","start":1022.886,"end":1023.145},{"text":"strongly","start":1023.145,"end":1023.664},{"text":"to","start":1024.101,"end":1024.198},{"text":"liberal","start":1024.198,"end":1024.457},{"text":"democracies","start":1024.506,"end":1025.04},{"text":"because","start":1025.137,"end":1025.364},{"text":"here","start":1025.396,"end":1025.623},{"text":"we","start":1025.623,"end":1025.704},{"text":"see","start":1025.704,"end":1025.834},{"text":"a","start":1025.882,"end":1025.947},{"text":"backsliding.","start":1025.963,"end":1026.498}]},{"text":"They need to wake up and take control of this situation.","start":1027.626,"end":1030.904,"topics":[{"key":"multilateral-cooperation","label":"Multilateral Cooperation on Human Rights","description":"Several statements addressed the erosion of international law and the need for stronger coalitions to defend freedom of expression. The call was for multi-stakeholder and multilateral cooperation that keeps human rights at the center of technology governance rather than letting expression become a geopolitical bargaining tool."}],"words":[{"text":"They","start":1027.626,"end":1027.675},{"text":"need","start":1027.723,"end":1027.982},{"text":"to","start":1027.982,"end":1028.062},{"text":"wake","start":1028.127,"end":1028.304},{"text":"up","start":1028.353,"end":1028.595},{"text":"and","start":1029.176,"end":1029.58},{"text":"take","start":1029.58,"end":1029.806},{"text":"control","start":1029.806,"end":1030.145},{"text":"of","start":1030.145,"end":1030.226},{"text":"this","start":1030.226,"end":1030.355},{"text":"situation.","start":1030.387,"end":1030.904}]},{"text":"And they need to bring on board other governments who don't have capacity, governments, for example, in the global majority, Capacitate them, bring in NGOs, listen to them because you have to listen to the truth tellers, bring in the media and listen to them and work together.","start":1031.194,"end":1046.629,"topics":[{"key":"multilateral-cooperation","label":"Multilateral Cooperation on Human Rights","description":"Several statements addressed the erosion of international law and the need for stronger coalitions to defend freedom of expression. The call was for multi-stakeholder and multilateral cooperation that keeps human rights at the center of technology governance rather than letting expression become a geopolitical bargaining tool."},{"key":"media-pluralism","label":"Media Pluralism and Public-Interest Information","description":"Participants stressed the importance of independent, diverse, and pluralistic media as a pillar of democracy and a public good. Concerns were raised about media deserts, the decline of independent journalism, and the need to invest in healthier information ecosystems."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":1031.194,"end":1031.259},{"text":"they","start":1031.259,"end":1031.307},{"text":"need","start":1031.307,"end":1031.453},{"text":"to","start":1031.501,"end":1031.598},{"text":"bring","start":1031.598,"end":1031.808},{"text":"on","start":1031.84,"end":1031.985},{"text":"board","start":1032.001,"end":1032.211},{"text":"other","start":1032.631,"end":1032.776},{"text":"governments","start":1032.809,"end":1033.277},{"text":"who","start":1033.277,"end":1033.341},{"text":"don't","start":1033.374,"end":1033.6},{"text":"have","start":1033.6,"end":1033.761},{"text":"capacity,","start":1033.761,"end":1034.31},{"text":"governments,","start":1034.827,"end":1035.166},{"text":"for","start":1035.214,"end":1035.279},{"text":"example,","start":1035.279,"end":1035.618},{"text":"in","start":1035.634,"end":1035.715},{"text":"the","start":1035.715,"end":1035.795},{"text":"global","start":1035.795,"end":1036.102},{"text":"majority,","start":1036.102,"end":1036.441},{"text":"Capacitate","start":1037.657,"end":1038.353},{"text":"them,","start":1038.353,"end":1038.548},{"text":"bring","start":1039.001,"end":1039.228},{"text":"in","start":1039.325,"end":1039.374},{"text":"NGOs,","start":1039.487,"end":1039.924},{"text":"listen","start":1040.394,"end":1040.685},{"text":"to","start":1040.718,"end":1040.847},{"text":"them","start":1040.864,"end":1040.912},{"text":"because","start":1040.912,"end":1041.463},{"text":"you","start":1041.69,"end":1041.771},{"text":"have","start":1041.771,"end":1041.949},{"text":"to","start":1041.949,"end":1042.03},{"text":"listen","start":1042.03,"end":1042.224},{"text":"to","start":1042.256,"end":1042.354},{"text":"the","start":1042.354,"end":1042.483},{"text":"truth","start":1042.483,"end":1042.71},{"text":"tellers,","start":1042.726,"end":1043.001},{"text":"bring","start":1043.293,"end":1043.471},{"text":"in","start":1043.471,"end":1043.52},{"text":"the","start":1043.617,"end":1043.682},{"text":"media","start":1043.682,"end":1044.167},{"text":"and","start":1044.848,"end":1044.912},{"text":"listen","start":1044.929,"end":1045.252},{"text":"to","start":1045.252,"end":1045.382},{"text":"them","start":1045.398,"end":1045.463},{"text":"and","start":1045.9,"end":1045.965},{"text":"work","start":1046.062,"end":1046.289},{"text":"together.","start":1046.289,"end":1046.629}]},{"text":"Because this right cuts across all human rights.","start":1047.435,"end":1050.761,"topics":[{"key":"multilateral-cooperation","label":"Multilateral Cooperation on Human Rights","description":"Several statements addressed the erosion of international law and the need for stronger coalitions to defend freedom of expression. The call was for multi-stakeholder and multilateral cooperation that keeps human rights at the center of technology governance rather than letting expression become a geopolitical bargaining tool."}],"words":[{"text":"Because","start":1047.435,"end":1048.062},{"text":"this","start":1048.254,"end":1048.479},{"text":"right","start":1048.479,"end":1048.833},{"text":"cuts","start":1049.138,"end":1049.443},{"text":"across","start":1049.443,"end":1049.733},{"text":"all","start":1050.006,"end":1050.166},{"text":"human","start":1050.231,"end":1050.504},{"text":"rights.","start":1050.504,"end":1050.761}]},{"text":"You don't stand up for freedom of expression and opinion, you don't protect that, well, you're not going to get other rights, education, elections, down the line environmental protection.","start":1051.05,"end":1063.263,"topics":[{"key":"multilateral-cooperation","label":"Multilateral Cooperation on Human Rights","description":"Several statements addressed the erosion of international law and the need for stronger coalitions to defend freedom of expression. The call was for multi-stakeholder and multilateral cooperation that keeps human rights at the center of technology governance rather than letting expression become a geopolitical bargaining tool."},{"key":"democratic-backsliding","label":"Democratic Backsliding and Suppression of Dissent","description":"Another recurring topic was the use of criminal, security, counter-terrorism, and related laws by states, including liberal democracies, to silence lawful speech and protest. Examples raised concerns about shrinking civic space, double standards, and the weakening of democratic norms."}],"words":[{"text":"You","start":1051.05,"end":1051.13},{"text":"don't","start":1051.13,"end":1051.307},{"text":"stand","start":1051.307,"end":1051.628},{"text":"up","start":1051.628,"end":1051.773},{"text":"for","start":1051.773,"end":1051.853},{"text":"freedom","start":1051.853,"end":1052.078},{"text":"of","start":1052.127,"end":1052.207},{"text":"expression","start":1052.335,"end":1052.769},{"text":"and","start":1053.235,"end":1053.299},{"text":"opinion,","start":1053.38,"end":1053.733},{"text":"you","start":1054.103,"end":1054.183},{"text":"don't","start":1054.183,"end":1054.36},{"text":"protect","start":1054.36,"end":1054.729},{"text":"that,","start":1054.762,"end":1055.003},{"text":"well,","start":1055.485,"end":1055.645},{"text":"you're","start":1055.661,"end":1055.742},{"text":"not","start":1055.742,"end":1055.918},{"text":"going","start":1055.967,"end":1056.095},{"text":"to","start":1056.127,"end":1056.208},{"text":"get","start":1056.208,"end":1056.416},{"text":"other","start":1056.77,"end":1056.899},{"text":"rights,","start":1056.899,"end":1057.24},{"text":"education,","start":1057.729,"end":1058.364},{"text":"elections,","start":1058.705,"end":1059.34},{"text":"down","start":1061.408,"end":1061.619},{"text":"the","start":1061.717,"end":1061.798},{"text":"line","start":1061.798,"end":1062.075},{"text":"environmental","start":1062.075,"end":1062.856},{"text":"protection.","start":1062.856,"end":1063.263}]},{"text":"All depends on strong respect and protection of freedom of expression.","start":1063.767,"end":1069.511,"topics":[{"key":"multilateral-cooperation","label":"Multilateral Cooperation on Human Rights","description":"Several statements addressed the erosion of international law and the need for stronger coalitions to defend freedom of expression. The call was for multi-stakeholder and multilateral cooperation that keeps human rights at the center of technology governance rather than letting expression become a geopolitical bargaining tool."}],"words":[{"text":"All","start":1063.767,"end":1063.832},{"text":"depends","start":1063.945,"end":1064.398},{"text":"on","start":1064.9,"end":1064.949},{"text":"strong","start":1065.24,"end":1065.693},{"text":"respect","start":1066.842,"end":1067.278},{"text":"and","start":1067.909,"end":1067.974},{"text":"protection","start":1068.055,"end":1068.508},{"text":"of","start":1068.573,"end":1068.783},{"text":"freedom","start":1068.783,"end":1069.026},{"text":"of","start":1069.026,"end":1069.107},{"text":"expression.","start":1069.107,"end":1069.511}]},{"text":"On guidelines, well, international humanitarian law operates in armed conflict situations.","start":1071.766,"end":1077.294,"topics":[{"key":"conflict-law-protections","label":"Legal Protections in Conflict","description":"Speakers examined how international humanitarian law and human rights law apply during armed conflict, especially to journalists. Key issues included clarifying that journalism is not espionage, defining civilian protection, and addressing when states wrongly justify attacks on reporters."},{"key":"journalist-safety","label":"Safety of Journalists in Armed Conflict","description":"The proceedings repeatedly returned to the new guidelines on protecting journalists working in war zones. This included practical protection measures, responsibilities of states and armed actors, and the need to make safety standards usable on the ground."}],"words":[{"text":"On","start":1071.766,"end":1071.814},{"text":"guidelines,","start":1071.927,"end":1072.473},{"text":"well,","start":1073.63,"end":1073.92},{"text":"international","start":1074.273,"end":1074.675},{"text":"humanitarian","start":1074.675,"end":1075.382},{"text":"law","start":1075.398,"end":1075.478},{"text":"operates","start":1075.559,"end":1075.993},{"text":"in","start":1076.041,"end":1076.121},{"text":"armed","start":1076.121,"end":1076.346},{"text":"conflict","start":1076.346,"end":1076.667},{"text":"situations.","start":1076.667,"end":1077.294}]},{"text":"That's a clean statement that many people are not aware of, including people who are actually on the battlefield.","start":1077.953,"end":1084.405,"topics":[{"key":"journalist-safety","label":"Safety of Journalists in Armed Conflict","description":"The proceedings repeatedly returned to the new guidelines on protecting journalists working in war zones. This included practical protection measures, responsibilities of states and armed actors, and the need to make safety standards usable on the ground."}],"words":[{"text":"That's","start":1077.953,"end":1078.323},{"text":"a","start":1078.387,"end":1078.403},{"text":"clean","start":1078.451,"end":1078.74},{"text":"statement","start":1078.773,"end":1079.174},{"text":"that","start":1079.239,"end":1079.351},{"text":"many","start":1079.351,"end":1079.544},{"text":"people","start":1079.576,"end":1079.93},{"text":"are","start":1080.299,"end":1080.331},{"text":"not","start":1080.331,"end":1080.54},{"text":"aware","start":1080.54,"end":1080.83},{"text":"of,","start":1080.83,"end":1080.943},{"text":"including","start":1081.347,"end":1081.881},{"text":"people","start":1081.994,"end":1082.382},{"text":"who","start":1082.382,"end":1082.48},{"text":"are","start":1082.48,"end":1082.641},{"text":"actually","start":1082.641,"end":1083.094},{"text":"on","start":1083.515,"end":1083.58},{"text":"the","start":1083.677,"end":1083.774},{"text":"battlefield.","start":1083.774,"end":1084.405}]},{"text":"Many armies do not realize, many governments do not realize that freedom of expression exists during war times.","start":1084.728,"end":1091.726,"topics":[{"key":"conflict-law-protections","label":"Legal Protections in Conflict","description":"Speakers examined how international humanitarian law and human rights law apply during armed conflict, especially to journalists. Key issues included clarifying that journalism is not espionage, defining civilian protection, and addressing when states wrongly justify attacks on reporters."},{"key":"journalist-safety","label":"Safety of Journalists in Armed Conflict","description":"The proceedings repeatedly returned to the new guidelines on protecting journalists working in war zones. This included practical protection measures, responsibilities of states and armed actors, and the need to make safety standards usable on the ground."}],"words":[{"text":"Many","start":1084.728,"end":1084.874},{"text":"armies","start":1085.052,"end":1085.359},{"text":"do","start":1085.456,"end":1085.553},{"text":"not","start":1085.553,"end":1085.78},{"text":"realize,","start":1085.78,"end":1086.249},{"text":"many","start":1086.443,"end":1086.621},{"text":"governments","start":1086.669,"end":1087.074},{"text":"do","start":1087.074,"end":1087.171},{"text":"not","start":1087.171,"end":1087.397},{"text":"realize","start":1087.397,"end":1087.786},{"text":"that","start":1088.287,"end":1088.611},{"text":"freedom","start":1088.611,"end":1088.886},{"text":"of","start":1088.886,"end":1089.031},{"text":"expression","start":1089.031,"end":1089.484},{"text":"exists","start":1089.597,"end":1091.878},{"text":"during","start":1090.804,"end":1091.16},{"text":"war","start":1091.192,"end":1091.354},{"text":"times.","start":1091.354,"end":1091.726}]},{"text":"Journalists have to be protected.","start":1092.793,"end":1094.071,"topics":[{"key":"journalist-safety","label":"Safety of Journalists in Armed Conflict","description":"The proceedings repeatedly returned to the new guidelines on protecting journalists working in war zones. This included practical protection measures, responsibilities of states and armed actors, and the need to make safety standards usable on the ground."}],"words":[{"text":"Journalists","start":1092.793,"end":1093.214},{"text":"have","start":1093.214,"end":1093.392},{"text":"to","start":1093.392,"end":1093.473},{"text":"be","start":1093.473,"end":1093.618},{"text":"protected.","start":1093.618,"end":1094.071}]},{"text":"So first of all, these guidelines hopefully will educate them about what are the principles that are applicable there.","start":1094.912,"end":1101.289,"topics":[{"key":"journalist-safety","label":"Safety of Journalists in Armed Conflict","description":"The proceedings repeatedly returned to the new guidelines on protecting journalists working in war zones. This included practical protection measures, responsibilities of states and armed actors, and the need to make safety standards usable on the ground."}],"words":[{"text":"So","start":1094.912,"end":1095.219},{"text":"first","start":1095.219,"end":1095.543},{"text":"of","start":1095.543,"end":1095.704},{"text":"all,","start":1095.704,"end":1095.753},{"text":"these","start":1096.125,"end":1096.497},{"text":"guidelines","start":1096.594,"end":1097.079},{"text":"hopefully","start":1097.079,"end":1097.467},{"text":"will","start":1097.499,"end":1097.596},{"text":"educate","start":1097.661,"end":1098.227},{"text":"them","start":1098.227,"end":1098.437},{"text":"about","start":1098.874,"end":1099.246},{"text":"what","start":1099.424,"end":1099.57},{"text":"are","start":1099.57,"end":1099.666},{"text":"the","start":1099.666,"end":1099.762},{"text":"principles","start":1099.762,"end":1100.212},{"text":"that","start":1100.309,"end":1100.405},{"text":"are","start":1100.405,"end":1100.47},{"text":"applicable","start":1100.47,"end":1100.936},{"text":"there.","start":1101.032,"end":1101.289}]},{"text":"But it goes beyond that.","start":1101.836,"end":1102.993,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"But","start":1101.836,"end":1101.9},{"text":"it","start":1101.948,"end":1102.029},{"text":"goes","start":1102.077,"end":1102.302},{"text":"beyond","start":1102.414,"end":1102.816},{"text":"that.","start":1102.816,"end":1102.993}]},{"text":"It also gives clarity on issues such as, for example, journalism is not espionage.","start":1103.057,"end":1108.2,"topics":[{"key":"conflict-law-protections","label":"Legal Protections in Conflict","description":"Speakers examined how international humanitarian law and human rights law apply during armed conflict, especially to journalists. Key issues included clarifying that journalism is not espionage, defining civilian protection, and addressing when states wrongly justify attacks on reporters."},{"key":"journalist-safety","label":"Safety of Journalists in Armed Conflict","description":"The proceedings repeatedly returned to the new guidelines on protecting journalists working in war zones. This included practical protection measures, responsibilities of states and armed actors, and the need to make safety standards usable on the ground."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":1103.057,"end":1103.121},{"text":"also","start":1103.202,"end":1103.459},{"text":"gives","start":1103.459,"end":1103.62},{"text":"clarity","start":1103.7,"end":1104.23},{"text":"on","start":1104.407,"end":1104.455},{"text":"issues","start":1104.584,"end":1105.002},{"text":"such","start":1105.564,"end":1105.757},{"text":"as,","start":1105.854,"end":1105.918},{"text":"for","start":1106.014,"end":1106.095},{"text":"example,","start":1106.095,"end":1106.529},{"text":"journalism","start":1106.593,"end":1107.172},{"text":"is","start":1107.236,"end":1107.284},{"text":"not","start":1107.397,"end":1107.509},{"text":"espionage.","start":1107.638,"end":1108.2}]},{"text":"How do you differentiate between journalism and espionage?","start":1108.79,"end":1110.935,"topics":[{"key":"conflict-law-protections","label":"Legal Protections in Conflict","description":"Speakers examined how international humanitarian law and human rights law apply during armed conflict, especially to journalists. Key issues included clarifying that journalism is not espionage, defining civilian protection, and addressing when states wrongly justify attacks on reporters."},{"key":"journalist-safety","label":"Safety of Journalists in Armed Conflict","description":"The proceedings repeatedly returned to the new guidelines on protecting journalists working in war zones. This included practical protection measures, responsibilities of states and armed actors, and the need to make safety standards usable on the ground."}],"words":[{"text":"How","start":1108.79,"end":1108.857},{"text":"do","start":1108.907,"end":1108.974},{"text":"you","start":1108.974,"end":1109.074},{"text":"differentiate","start":1109.074,"end":1109.577},{"text":"between","start":1109.577,"end":1109.795},{"text":"journalism","start":1109.829,"end":1110.331},{"text":"and","start":1110.331,"end":1110.415},{"text":"espionage?","start":1110.415,"end":1110.935}]},{"text":"Journalists enjoy civilian protection.","start":1113.076,"end":1115.057,"topics":[{"key":"conflict-law-protections","label":"Legal Protections in Conflict","description":"Speakers examined how international humanitarian law and human rights law apply during armed conflict, especially to journalists. Key issues included clarifying that journalism is not espionage, defining civilian protection, and addressing when states wrongly justify attacks on reporters."},{"key":"journalist-safety","label":"Safety of Journalists in Armed Conflict","description":"The proceedings repeatedly returned to the new guidelines on protecting journalists working in war zones. This included practical protection measures, responsibilities of states and armed actors, and the need to make safety standards usable on the ground."}],"words":[{"text":"Journalists","start":1113.076,"end":1113.692},{"text":"enjoy","start":1113.842,"end":1114.108},{"text":"civilian","start":1114.108,"end":1114.557},{"text":"protection.","start":1114.574,"end":1115.057}]},{"text":"But when is that civilian protection lost?","start":1115.52,"end":1117.496,"topics":[{"key":"conflict-law-protections","label":"Legal Protections in Conflict","description":"Speakers examined how international humanitarian law and human rights law apply during armed conflict, especially to journalists. Key issues included clarifying that journalism is not espionage, defining civilian protection, and addressing when states wrongly justify attacks on reporters."},{"key":"journalist-safety","label":"Safety of Journalists in Armed Conflict","description":"The proceedings repeatedly returned to the new guidelines on protecting journalists working in war zones. This included practical protection measures, responsibilities of states and armed actors, and the need to make safety standards usable on the ground."}],"words":[{"text":"But","start":1115.52,"end":1115.632},{"text":"when","start":1115.777,"end":1115.905},{"text":"is","start":1115.953,"end":1116.002},{"text":"that","start":1116.098,"end":1116.21},{"text":"civilian","start":1116.21,"end":1116.644},{"text":"protection","start":1116.66,"end":1117.046},{"text":"lost?","start":1117.158,"end":1117.496}]},{"text":"When do journalists actually become direct participants in hostilities?","start":1117.64,"end":1120.983,"topics":[{"key":"conflict-law-protections","label":"Legal Protections in Conflict","description":"Speakers examined how international humanitarian law and human rights law apply during armed conflict, especially to journalists. Key issues included clarifying that journalism is not espionage, defining civilian protection, and addressing when states wrongly justify attacks on reporters."},{"key":"journalist-safety","label":"Safety of Journalists in Armed Conflict","description":"The proceedings repeatedly returned to the new guidelines on protecting journalists working in war zones. This included practical protection measures, responsibilities of states and armed actors, and the need to make safety standards usable on the ground."}],"words":[{"text":"When","start":1117.64,"end":1117.753},{"text":"do","start":1117.865,"end":1117.962},{"text":"journalists","start":1117.962,"end":1118.508},{"text":"actually","start":1118.508,"end":1118.765},{"text":"become","start":1118.765,"end":1119.054},{"text":"direct","start":1119.408,"end":1119.761},{"text":"participants","start":1119.794,"end":1120.356},{"text":"in","start":1120.356,"end":1120.42},{"text":"hostilities?","start":1120.436,"end":1120.983}]},{"text":"Not when the government that has killed a journalist says so.","start":1121.497,"end":1123.666,"topics":[{"key":"conflict-law-protections","label":"Legal Protections in Conflict","description":"Speakers examined how international humanitarian law and human rights law apply during armed conflict, especially to journalists. Key issues included clarifying that journalism is not espionage, defining civilian protection, and addressing when states wrongly justify attacks on reporters."}],"words":[{"text":"Not","start":1121.497,"end":1121.818},{"text":"when","start":1121.818,"end":1121.963},{"text":"the","start":1121.979,"end":1122.027},{"text":"government","start":1122.059,"end":1122.381},{"text":"that","start":1122.381,"end":1122.461},{"text":"has","start":1122.461,"end":1122.589},{"text":"killed","start":1122.622,"end":1122.863},{"text":"a","start":1122.863,"end":1122.927},{"text":"journalist","start":1122.927,"end":1123.264},{"text":"says","start":1123.264,"end":1123.473},{"text":"so.","start":1123.505,"end":1123.666}]},{"text":"And we know many— look at Gaza.","start":1124.389,"end":1126.317,"topics":[{"key":"conflict-law-protections","label":"Legal Protections in Conflict","description":"Speakers examined how international humanitarian law and human rights law apply during armed conflict, especially to journalists. Key issues included clarifying that journalism is not espionage, defining civilian protection, and addressing when states wrongly justify attacks on reporters."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":1124.389,"end":1124.453},{"text":"we","start":1124.469,"end":1124.55},{"text":"know","start":1124.566,"end":1124.678},{"text":"many—","start":1124.775,"end":1125},{"text":"look","start":1125.658,"end":1125.771},{"text":"at","start":1125.771,"end":1125.883},{"text":"Gaza.","start":1125.9,"end":1126.317}]},{"text":"The excuse we have heard time and time again from the Israeli Defense Forces is, \"Mr. So-and-so was a member of Hamas, and that's why he was killed.\"","start":1126.88,"end":1136.247,"topics":[{"key":"conflict-law-protections","label":"Legal Protections in Conflict","description":"Speakers examined how international humanitarian law and human rights law apply during armed conflict, especially to journalists. Key issues included clarifying that journalism is not espionage, defining civilian protection, and addressing when states wrongly justify attacks on reporters."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1126.88,"end":1126.96},{"text":"excuse","start":1127.121,"end":1127.49},{"text":"we","start":1127.587,"end":1127.619},{"text":"have","start":1127.619,"end":1127.747},{"text":"heard","start":1127.747,"end":1127.972},{"text":"time","start":1128.004,"end":1128.294},{"text":"and","start":1128.342,"end":1128.406},{"text":"time","start":1128.406,"end":1128.663},{"text":"again","start":1128.663,"end":1129.001},{"text":"from","start":1129.033,"end":1129.113},{"text":"the","start":1129.129,"end":1129.177},{"text":"Israeli","start":1129.21,"end":1129.579},{"text":"Defense","start":1130.013,"end":1130.334},{"text":"Forces","start":1130.334,"end":1130.704},{"text":"is,","start":1131.041,"end":1131.17},{"text":"\"Mr.","start":1132.584,"end":1132.921},{"text":"So-and-so","start":1133.162,"end":1133.773},{"text":"was","start":1134.191,"end":1134.319},{"text":"a","start":1134.351,"end":1134.367},{"text":"member","start":1134.367,"end":1134.608},{"text":"of","start":1134.608,"end":1134.689},{"text":"Hamas,","start":1134.689,"end":1134.93},{"text":"and","start":1135.315,"end":1135.38},{"text":"that's","start":1135.396,"end":1135.637},{"text":"why","start":1135.637,"end":1135.781},{"text":"he","start":1135.781,"end":1135.862},{"text":"was","start":1135.862,"end":1135.926},{"text":"killed.\"","start":1135.958,"end":1136.247}]},{"text":"What we are saying here is there are criteria, there's a definition, there are standards that have to be applied.","start":1136.521,"end":1141.245,"topics":[{"key":"conflict-law-protections","label":"Legal Protections in Conflict","description":"Speakers examined how international humanitarian law and human rights law apply during armed conflict, especially to journalists. Key issues included clarifying that journalism is not espionage, defining civilian protection, and addressing when states wrongly justify attacks on reporters."}],"words":[{"text":"What","start":1136.521,"end":1136.697},{"text":"we","start":1136.697,"end":1136.762},{"text":"are","start":1136.762,"end":1136.794},{"text":"saying","start":1136.794,"end":1137.051},{"text":"here","start":1137.147,"end":1137.276},{"text":"is","start":1137.661,"end":1137.726},{"text":"there","start":1137.726,"end":1137.886},{"text":"are","start":1137.886,"end":1137.951},{"text":"criteria,","start":1137.951,"end":1138.561},{"text":"there's","start":1138.834,"end":1138.947},{"text":"a","start":1138.947,"end":1139.011},{"text":"definition,","start":1139.011,"end":1139.541},{"text":"there","start":1139.814,"end":1139.879},{"text":"are","start":1139.879,"end":1139.911},{"text":"standards","start":1139.911,"end":1140.521},{"text":"that","start":1140.521,"end":1140.618},{"text":"have","start":1140.618,"end":1140.795},{"text":"to","start":1140.795,"end":1140.923},{"text":"be","start":1140.923,"end":1140.955},{"text":"applied.","start":1140.955,"end":1141.245}]},{"text":"So we're clarifying those kinds of things.","start":1142.6,"end":1145.131,"topics":[{"key":"conflict-law-protections","label":"Legal Protections in Conflict","description":"Speakers examined how international humanitarian law and human rights law apply during armed conflict, especially to journalists. Key issues included clarifying that journalism is not espionage, defining civilian protection, and addressing when states wrongly justify attacks on reporters."}],"words":[{"text":"So","start":1142.6,"end":1142.987},{"text":"we're","start":1142.987,"end":1143.31},{"text":"clarifying","start":1143.31,"end":1143.922},{"text":"those","start":1144.18,"end":1144.325},{"text":"kinds","start":1144.357,"end":1144.68},{"text":"of","start":1144.68,"end":1144.744},{"text":"things.","start":1144.744,"end":1145.131}]},{"text":"We are also looking at practical protection, as I said, whether it's labels or, you know, other means of protection.","start":1145.566,"end":1154.748,"topics":[{"key":"journalist-safety","label":"Safety of Journalists in Armed Conflict","description":"The proceedings repeatedly returned to the new guidelines on protecting journalists working in war zones. This included practical protection measures, responsibilities of states and armed actors, and the need to make safety standards usable on the ground."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":1145.566,"end":1145.711},{"text":"are","start":1145.711,"end":1145.872},{"text":"also","start":1145.872,"end":1146.13},{"text":"looking","start":1146.13,"end":1146.421},{"text":"at","start":1146.469,"end":1146.614},{"text":"practical","start":1146.614,"end":1147.033},{"text":"protection,","start":1147.081,"end":1147.565},{"text":"as","start":1148.23,"end":1148.262},{"text":"I","start":1148.326,"end":1148.358},{"text":"said,","start":1148.358,"end":1148.632},{"text":"whether","start":1149.05,"end":1149.276},{"text":"it's","start":1149.292,"end":1149.742},{"text":"labels","start":1150.756,"end":1151.368},{"text":"or,","start":1151.625,"end":1151.674},{"text":"you","start":1153.396,"end":1153.428},{"text":"know,","start":1153.428,"end":1153.589},{"text":"other","start":1153.814,"end":1153.975},{"text":"means","start":1153.975,"end":1154.217},{"text":"of","start":1154.217,"end":1154.265},{"text":"protection.","start":1154.281,"end":1154.748}]},{"text":"We are looking at how do you strengthen— what are the risk areas when journalists go into dangerous situations?","start":1155.593,"end":1164.705,"topics":[{"key":"journalist-safety","label":"Safety of Journalists in Armed Conflict","description":"The proceedings repeatedly returned to the new guidelines on protecting journalists working in war zones. This included practical protection measures, responsibilities of states and armed actors, and the need to make safety standards usable on the ground."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":1155.593,"end":1155.754},{"text":"are","start":1155.754,"end":1155.818},{"text":"looking","start":1155.818,"end":1156.124},{"text":"at","start":1156.301,"end":1156.542},{"text":"how","start":1156.783,"end":1156.96},{"text":"do","start":1156.96,"end":1157.025},{"text":"you","start":1157.025,"end":1157.073},{"text":"strengthen—","start":1157.137,"end":1157.62},{"text":"what","start":1157.669,"end":1157.862},{"text":"are","start":1158.006,"end":1158.135},{"text":"the","start":1158.151,"end":1158.361},{"text":"risk","start":1158.393,"end":1158.715},{"text":"areas","start":1158.715,"end":1159.02},{"text":"when","start":1160.099,"end":1160.276},{"text":"journalists","start":1160.485,"end":1160.823},{"text":"go","start":1160.823,"end":1161.048},{"text":"into","start":1161.064,"end":1161.885},{"text":"dangerous","start":1163.8,"end":1164.09},{"text":"situations?","start":1164.09,"end":1164.705}]},{"text":"How do you make sure— how do media companies make sure that they have the protection.","start":1165.24,"end":1169.323,"topics":[{"key":"journalist-safety","label":"Safety of Journalists in Armed Conflict","description":"The proceedings repeatedly returned to the new guidelines on protecting journalists working in war zones. This included practical protection measures, responsibilities of states and armed actors, and the need to make safety standards usable on the ground."}],"words":[{"text":"How","start":1165.24,"end":1165.985},{"text":"do","start":1166.066,"end":1166.131},{"text":"you","start":1166.131,"end":1166.228},{"text":"make","start":1166.228,"end":1166.39},{"text":"sure—","start":1166.39,"end":1166.65},{"text":"how","start":1166.941,"end":1167.12},{"text":"do","start":1167.12,"end":1167.201},{"text":"media","start":1167.201,"end":1167.444},{"text":"companies","start":1167.444,"end":1167.816},{"text":"make","start":1167.849,"end":1168.011},{"text":"sure","start":1168.011,"end":1168.27},{"text":"that","start":1168.432,"end":1168.578},{"text":"they","start":1168.578,"end":1168.643},{"text":"have","start":1168.643,"end":1168.724},{"text":"the","start":1168.821,"end":1168.886},{"text":"protection.","start":1168.89,"end":1169.323}]},{"text":"Where is the training?","start":1169.949,"end":1170.735,"topics":[{"key":"journalist-safety","label":"Safety of Journalists in Armed Conflict","description":"The proceedings repeatedly returned to the new guidelines on protecting journalists working in war zones. This included practical protection measures, responsibilities of states and armed actors, and the need to make safety standards usable on the ground."}],"words":[{"text":"Where","start":1169.949,"end":1170.077},{"text":"is","start":1170.109,"end":1170.173},{"text":"the","start":1170.222,"end":1170.302},{"text":"training?","start":1170.35,"end":1170.735}]},{"text":"Has the military been trained?","start":1170.912,"end":1172.083,"topics":[{"key":"journalist-safety","label":"Safety of Journalists in Armed Conflict","description":"The proceedings repeatedly returned to the new guidelines on protecting journalists working in war zones. This included practical protection measures, responsibilities of states and armed actors, and the need to make safety standards usable on the ground."}],"words":[{"text":"Has","start":1170.912,"end":1171.008},{"text":"the","start":1171.008,"end":1171.104},{"text":"military","start":1171.104,"end":1171.489},{"text":"been","start":1171.489,"end":1171.618},{"text":"trained?","start":1171.65,"end":1172.083}]},{"text":"Are the fighters, belligerents, do they understand their responsibilities?","start":1172.131,"end":1175.389,"topics":[{"key":"journalist-safety","label":"Safety of Journalists in Armed Conflict","description":"The proceedings repeatedly returned to the new guidelines on protecting journalists working in war zones. This included practical protection measures, responsibilities of states and armed actors, and the need to make safety standards usable on the ground."}],"words":[{"text":"Are","start":1172.131,"end":1172.212},{"text":"the","start":1172.212,"end":1172.276},{"text":"fighters,","start":1172.276,"end":1172.581},{"text":"belligerents,","start":1172.934,"end":1173.496},{"text":"do","start":1173.736,"end":1173.817},{"text":"they","start":1173.817,"end":1173.881},{"text":"understand","start":1173.897,"end":1174.378},{"text":"their","start":1174.378,"end":1174.507},{"text":"responsibilities?","start":1174.507,"end":1175.389}]},{"text":"So it's, in a sense, it's guidance there.","start":1175.823,"end":1177.861,"topics":[{"key":"journalist-safety","label":"Safety of Journalists in Armed Conflict","description":"The proceedings repeatedly returned to the new guidelines on protecting journalists working in war zones. This included practical protection measures, responsibilities of states and armed actors, and the need to make safety standards usable on the ground."}],"words":[{"text":"So","start":1175.823,"end":1176.144},{"text":"it's,","start":1176.384,"end":1176.545},{"text":"in","start":1176.625,"end":1176.705},{"text":"a","start":1176.705,"end":1176.721},{"text":"sense,","start":1176.721,"end":1177.042},{"text":"it's","start":1177.203,"end":1177.331},{"text":"guidance","start":1177.331,"end":1177.733},{"text":"there.","start":1177.749,"end":1177.861}]},{"text":"But most important of all, we're looking at the issue of impunity.","start":1178.391,"end":1181.167,"topics":[{"key":"journalist-safety","label":"Safety of Journalists in Armed Conflict","description":"The proceedings repeatedly returned to the new guidelines on protecting journalists working in war zones. This included practical protection measures, responsibilities of states and armed actors, and the need to make safety standards usable on the ground."}],"words":[{"text":"But","start":1178.391,"end":1178.647},{"text":"most","start":1178.872,"end":1179.177},{"text":"important","start":1179.177,"end":1179.562},{"text":"of","start":1179.594,"end":1179.739},{"text":"all,","start":1179.739,"end":1179.787},{"text":"we're","start":1179.835,"end":1179.931},{"text":"looking","start":1179.979,"end":1180.204},{"text":"at","start":1180.22,"end":1180.3},{"text":"the","start":1180.3,"end":1180.332},{"text":"issue","start":1180.332,"end":1180.557},{"text":"of","start":1180.557,"end":1180.653},{"text":"impunity.","start":1180.653,"end":1181.167}]},{"text":"We know that if you allow impunity to happen, then the crime will— if there's impunity for a crime, then you can bet that there will be repetitions of that crime time and time again.","start":1181.825,"end":1192.305,"topics":[{"key":"journalist-safety","label":"Safety of Journalists in Armed Conflict","description":"The proceedings repeatedly returned to the new guidelines on protecting journalists working in war zones. This included practical protection measures, responsibilities of states and armed actors, and the need to make safety standards usable on the ground."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":1181.825,"end":1181.937},{"text":"know","start":1181.937,"end":1182.242},{"text":"that","start":1182.387,"end":1182.644},{"text":"if","start":1182.74,"end":1182.9},{"text":"you","start":1182.9,"end":1183.013},{"text":"allow","start":1183.029,"end":1183.237},{"text":"impunity","start":1183.286,"end":1183.767},{"text":"to","start":1183.831,"end":1183.879},{"text":"happen,","start":1183.911,"end":1184.248},{"text":"then","start":1184.81,"end":1184.923},{"text":"the","start":1185.356,"end":1185.452},{"text":"crime","start":1185.452,"end":1185.741},{"text":"will—","start":1185.837,"end":1187.121},{"text":"if","start":1187.121,"end":1187.201},{"text":"there's","start":1187.201,"end":1187.378},{"text":"impunity","start":1187.378,"end":1187.843},{"text":"for","start":1187.843,"end":1187.908},{"text":"a","start":1187.94,"end":1188.02},{"text":"crime,","start":1188.02,"end":1188.309},{"text":"then","start":1188.726,"end":1188.806},{"text":"you","start":1188.887,"end":1189.063},{"text":"can","start":1189.063,"end":1189.224},{"text":"bet","start":1189.224,"end":1189.529},{"text":"that","start":1189.866,"end":1190.01},{"text":"there","start":1190.01,"end":1190.106},{"text":"will","start":1190.106,"end":1190.203},{"text":"be","start":1190.251,"end":1190.347},{"text":"repetitions","start":1190.347,"end":1190.925},{"text":"of","start":1190.925,"end":1191.005},{"text":"that","start":1191.053,"end":1191.214},{"text":"crime","start":1191.214,"end":1191.438},{"text":"time","start":1191.471,"end":1191.679},{"text":"and","start":1191.727,"end":1191.84},{"text":"time","start":1191.856,"end":1191.984},{"text":"again.","start":1192.048,"end":1192.305}]},{"text":"And that's exactly what's happening with the killing of journalists.","start":1192.754,"end":1194.969,"topics":[{"key":"journalist-safety","label":"Safety of Journalists in Armed Conflict","description":"The proceedings repeatedly returned to the new guidelines on protecting journalists working in war zones. This included practical protection measures, responsibilities of states and armed actors, and the need to make safety standards usable on the ground."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":1192.754,"end":1192.819},{"text":"that's","start":1192.899,"end":1193.092},{"text":"exactly","start":1193.092,"end":1193.493},{"text":"what's","start":1193.557,"end":1193.717},{"text":"happening","start":1193.717,"end":1194.006},{"text":"with","start":1194.038,"end":1194.103},{"text":"the","start":1194.103,"end":1194.263},{"text":"killing","start":1194.263,"end":1194.488},{"text":"of","start":1194.52,"end":1194.6},{"text":"journalists.","start":1194.6,"end":1194.969}]},{"text":"So we are looking at whose responsibility it is.","start":1195.242,"end":1197.378,"topics":[{"key":"conflict-law-protections","label":"Legal Protections in Conflict","description":"Speakers examined how international humanitarian law and human rights law apply during armed conflict, especially to journalists. Key issues included clarifying that journalism is not espionage, defining civilian protection, and addressing when states wrongly justify attacks on reporters."}],"words":[{"text":"So","start":1195.242,"end":1195.403},{"text":"we","start":1195.403,"end":1195.483},{"text":"are","start":1195.483,"end":1195.579},{"text":"looking","start":1195.628,"end":1195.852},{"text":"at","start":1195.965,"end":1196.093},{"text":"whose","start":1196.109,"end":1196.334},{"text":"responsibility","start":1196.366,"end":1197.057},{"text":"it","start":1197.105,"end":1197.249},{"text":"is.","start":1197.249,"end":1197.378}]},{"text":"The country, the state where it has happened, yes.","start":1197.972,"end":1200.204,"topics":[{"key":"conflict-law-protections","label":"Legal Protections in Conflict","description":"Speakers examined how international humanitarian law and human rights law apply during armed conflict, especially to journalists. Key issues included clarifying that journalism is not espionage, defining civilian protection, and addressing when states wrongly justify attacks on reporters."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1197.972,"end":1198.116},{"text":"country,","start":1198.116,"end":1198.454},{"text":"the","start":1198.598,"end":1198.63},{"text":"state","start":1198.63,"end":1199.064},{"text":"where","start":1199.256,"end":1199.353},{"text":"it","start":1199.353,"end":1199.465},{"text":"has","start":1199.465,"end":1199.577},{"text":"happened,","start":1199.577,"end":1199.963},{"text":"yes.","start":1199.979,"end":1200.204}]},{"text":"But other states can also take action under international law, under their own national law.","start":1201.023,"end":1205.117,"topics":[{"key":"conflict-law-protections","label":"Legal Protections in Conflict","description":"Speakers examined how international humanitarian law and human rights law apply during armed conflict, especially to journalists. Key issues included clarifying that journalism is not espionage, defining civilian protection, and addressing when states wrongly justify attacks on reporters."},{"key":"multilateral-cooperation","label":"Multilateral Cooperation on Human Rights","description":"Several statements addressed the erosion of international law and the need for stronger coalitions to defend freedom of expression. The call was for multi-stakeholder and multilateral cooperation that keeps human rights at the center of technology governance rather than letting expression become a geopolitical bargaining tool."}],"words":[{"text":"But","start":1201.023,"end":1201.312},{"text":"other","start":1201.408,"end":1201.52},{"text":"states","start":1201.52,"end":1201.97},{"text":"can","start":1201.97,"end":1202.066},{"text":"also","start":1202.211,"end":1202.436},{"text":"take","start":1202.548,"end":1202.773},{"text":"action","start":1202.773,"end":1203.158},{"text":"under","start":1203.174,"end":1203.287},{"text":"international","start":1203.335,"end":1203.881},{"text":"law,","start":1203.913,"end":1203.993},{"text":"under","start":1204.218,"end":1204.378},{"text":"their","start":1204.378,"end":1204.443},{"text":"own","start":1204.475,"end":1204.635},{"text":"national","start":1204.635,"end":1205.021},{"text":"law.","start":1205.021,"end":1205.117}]},{"text":"For example, if the journalist comes from a particular country, that national country can take responsibility and investigate the crime.","start":1205.518,"end":1214.109,"topics":[{"key":"conflict-law-protections","label":"Legal Protections in Conflict","description":"Speakers examined how international humanitarian law and human rights law apply during armed conflict, especially to journalists. Key issues included clarifying that journalism is not espionage, defining civilian protection, and addressing when states wrongly justify attacks on reporters."}],"words":[{"text":"For","start":1205.518,"end":1205.647},{"text":"example,","start":1205.663,"end":1206.064},{"text":"if","start":1206.08,"end":1206.129},{"text":"the","start":1206.161,"end":1206.241},{"text":"journalist","start":1206.241,"end":1206.626},{"text":"comes","start":1206.626,"end":1206.771},{"text":"from","start":1206.787,"end":1206.899},{"text":"a","start":1206.899,"end":1206.964},{"text":"particular","start":1206.964,"end":1207.429},{"text":"country,","start":1207.429,"end":1207.734},{"text":"that","start":1208.168,"end":1208.28},{"text":"national","start":1208.328,"end":1208.73},{"text":"country","start":1208.73,"end":1209.131},{"text":"can","start":1209.854,"end":1210.095},{"text":"take","start":1210.095,"end":1210.239},{"text":"responsibility","start":1211.283,"end":1212.07},{"text":"and","start":1212.423,"end":1212.487},{"text":"investigate","start":1212.503,"end":1213.081},{"text":"the","start":1213.707,"end":1213.788},{"text":"crime.","start":1213.788,"end":1214.109}]},{"text":"We are also looking at what international community can do.","start":1214.51,"end":1217.336,"topics":[{"key":"multilateral-cooperation","label":"Multilateral Cooperation on Human Rights","description":"Several statements addressed the erosion of international law and the need for stronger coalitions to defend freedom of expression. The call was for multi-stakeholder and multilateral cooperation that keeps human rights at the center of technology governance rather than letting expression become a geopolitical bargaining tool."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":1214.51,"end":1214.606},{"text":"are","start":1214.606,"end":1214.687},{"text":"also","start":1214.687,"end":1214.976},{"text":"looking","start":1214.976,"end":1215.168},{"text":"at","start":1215.168,"end":1215.297},{"text":"what","start":1215.297,"end":1215.474},{"text":"international","start":1215.474,"end":1216.148},{"text":"community","start":1216.517,"end":1216.999},{"text":"can","start":1216.999,"end":1217.208},{"text":"do.","start":1217.24,"end":1217.336}]},{"text":"How can international mechanisms come into play when journalists are being killed.","start":1217.786,"end":1222.829,"topics":[{"key":"multilateral-cooperation","label":"Multilateral Cooperation on Human Rights","description":"Several statements addressed the erosion of international law and the need for stronger coalitions to defend freedom of expression. The call was for multi-stakeholder and multilateral cooperation that keeps human rights at the center of technology governance rather than letting expression become a geopolitical bargaining tool."}],"words":[{"text":"How","start":1217.786,"end":1217.914},{"text":"can","start":1218.027,"end":1218.187},{"text":"international","start":1218.187,"end":1218.813},{"text":"mechanisms","start":1218.829,"end":1219.375},{"text":"come","start":1219.648,"end":1219.809},{"text":"into","start":1219.809,"end":1220.001},{"text":"play","start":1220.114,"end":1220.387},{"text":"when","start":1221.56,"end":1221.736},{"text":"journalists","start":1221.736,"end":1222.202},{"text":"are","start":1222.235,"end":1222.299},{"text":"being","start":1222.299,"end":1222.524},{"text":"killed.","start":1222.524,"end":1222.829}]},{"text":"So this is obviously— these are guidelines, and their value will lie on whether those who are in the field, governments, belligerent parties, but other governments as well who are supporting one side or the other, how they pick these guidelines up and work with them.","start":1223.681,"end":1241.742,"topics":[{"key":"journalist-safety","label":"Safety of Journalists in Armed Conflict","description":"The proceedings repeatedly returned to the new guidelines on protecting journalists working in war zones. This included practical protection measures, responsibilities of states and armed actors, and the need to make safety standards usable on the ground."},{"key":"conflict-law-protections","label":"Legal Protections in Conflict","description":"Speakers examined how international humanitarian law and human rights law apply during armed conflict, especially to journalists. Key issues included clarifying that journalism is not espionage, defining civilian protection, and addressing when states wrongly justify attacks on reporters."}],"words":[{"text":"So","start":1223.681,"end":1223.906},{"text":"this","start":1223.906,"end":1224.002},{"text":"is","start":1224.002,"end":1224.131},{"text":"obviously—","start":1224.131,"end":1224.597},{"text":"these","start":1224.629,"end":1224.806},{"text":"are","start":1224.806,"end":1224.886},{"text":"guidelines,","start":1224.934,"end":1225.593},{"text":"and","start":1225.979,"end":1226.043},{"text":"their","start":1226.075,"end":1226.268},{"text":"value","start":1227.023,"end":1227.328},{"text":"will","start":1227.425,"end":1227.585},{"text":"lie","start":1227.585,"end":1227.698},{"text":"on","start":1228.389,"end":1228.437},{"text":"whether","start":1228.646,"end":1229.048},{"text":"those","start":1229.449,"end":1229.819},{"text":"who","start":1229.915,"end":1229.996},{"text":"are","start":1230.156,"end":1230.205},{"text":"in","start":1230.88,"end":1230.976},{"text":"the","start":1230.976,"end":1231.056},{"text":"field,","start":1231.056,"end":1231.426},{"text":"governments,","start":1231.844,"end":1232.342},{"text":"belligerent","start":1232.808,"end":1233.226},{"text":"parties,","start":1233.226,"end":1233.676},{"text":"but","start":1234.431,"end":1234.575},{"text":"other","start":1234.656,"end":1234.8},{"text":"governments","start":1234.816,"end":1235.234},{"text":"as","start":1235.234,"end":1235.282},{"text":"well","start":1235.315,"end":1235.475},{"text":"who","start":1235.475,"end":1235.556},{"text":"are","start":1235.556,"end":1235.62},{"text":"supporting","start":1235.62,"end":1236.166},{"text":"one","start":1236.745,"end":1236.809},{"text":"side","start":1236.841,"end":1237.082},{"text":"or","start":1237.082,"end":1237.162},{"text":"the","start":1237.162,"end":1237.307},{"text":"other,","start":1237.307,"end":1237.548},{"text":"how","start":1238.046,"end":1238.528},{"text":"they","start":1238.914,"end":1239.091},{"text":"pick","start":1239.091,"end":1239.332},{"text":"these","start":1239.557,"end":1239.685},{"text":"guidelines","start":1239.733,"end":1240.199},{"text":"up","start":1240.199,"end":1240.36},{"text":"and","start":1240.939,"end":1241.067},{"text":"work","start":1241.099,"end":1241.34},{"text":"with","start":1241.34,"end":1241.501},{"text":"them.","start":1241.501,"end":1241.742}]},{"text":"And that is where I have said it openly, these guidelines are not cast in stone.","start":1242.224,"end":1247.72,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":1242.224,"end":1242.288},{"text":"that","start":1242.385,"end":1242.61},{"text":"is","start":1242.61,"end":1242.674},{"text":"where","start":1242.77,"end":1242.963},{"text":"I","start":1243.108,"end":1243.22},{"text":"have","start":1243.269,"end":1243.477},{"text":"said","start":1243.59,"end":1243.847},{"text":"it","start":1243.847,"end":1243.976},{"text":"openly,","start":1243.992,"end":1244.442},{"text":"these","start":1244.94,"end":1245.245},{"text":"guidelines","start":1245.502,"end":1246.129},{"text":"are","start":1246.485,"end":1246.582},{"text":"not","start":1246.582,"end":1246.956},{"text":"cast","start":1246.972,"end":1247.314},{"text":"in","start":1247.314,"end":1247.363},{"text":"stone.","start":1247.379,"end":1247.72}]},{"text":"They're out there.","start":1247.769,"end":1248.468,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"They're","start":1247.769,"end":1247.85},{"text":"out","start":1248.094,"end":1248.24},{"text":"there.","start":1248.273,"end":1248.468}]},{"text":"Discuss it, learn about it, uh, revise it if you want to make it more effective, but use it, promote it, stand up for journalists, because if you don't have good independent journalism in armed conflict situations, then all of us suffer.","start":1250.242,"end":1272.014,"topics":[{"key":"journalist-safety","label":"Safety of Journalists in Armed Conflict","description":"The proceedings repeatedly returned to the new guidelines on protecting journalists working in war zones. This included practical protection measures, responsibilities of states and armed actors, and the need to make safety standards usable on the ground."},{"key":"conflict-law-protections","label":"Legal Protections in Conflict","description":"Speakers examined how international humanitarian law and human rights law apply during armed conflict, especially to journalists. Key issues included clarifying that journalism is not espionage, defining civilian protection, and addressing when states wrongly justify attacks on reporters."}],"words":[{"text":"Discuss","start":1250.242,"end":1250.533},{"text":"it,","start":1250.646,"end":1250.807},{"text":"learn","start":1251.372,"end":1251.582},{"text":"about","start":1251.614,"end":1251.953},{"text":"it,","start":1251.953,"end":1253.776},{"text":"uh,","start":1253.937,"end":1253.986},{"text":"revise","start":1254.421,"end":1254.808},{"text":"it","start":1254.857,"end":1255.051},{"text":"if","start":1255.309,"end":1255.357},{"text":"you","start":1255.389,"end":1255.454},{"text":"want","start":1255.47,"end":1255.631},{"text":"to","start":1255.631,"end":1255.664},{"text":"make","start":1255.664,"end":1255.825},{"text":"it","start":1255.825,"end":1255.954},{"text":"more","start":1255.954,"end":1256.067},{"text":"effective,","start":1256.067,"end":1256.583},{"text":"but","start":1257.18,"end":1257.293},{"text":"use","start":1257.406,"end":1257.664},{"text":"it,","start":1257.664,"end":1257.874},{"text":"promote","start":1258.148,"end":1258.568},{"text":"it,","start":1258.568,"end":1258.794},{"text":"stand","start":1259.133,"end":1259.52},{"text":"up","start":1259.52,"end":1259.907},{"text":"for","start":1259.907,"end":1260.004},{"text":"journalists,","start":1260.004,"end":1260.441},{"text":"because","start":1261.136,"end":1261.427},{"text":"if","start":1261.54,"end":1261.637},{"text":"you","start":1262.575,"end":1262.672},{"text":"don't","start":1262.672,"end":1262.882},{"text":"have","start":1262.898,"end":1263.286},{"text":"good","start":1263.804,"end":1264.095},{"text":"independent","start":1264.45,"end":1265.145},{"text":"journalism","start":1265.566,"end":1266.115},{"text":"in","start":1267.134,"end":1267.215},{"text":"armed","start":1267.263,"end":1267.49},{"text":"conflict","start":1267.49,"end":1267.785},{"text":"situations,","start":1267.785,"end":1268.522},{"text":"then","start":1269.489,"end":1269.686},{"text":"all","start":1270.293,"end":1270.457},{"text":"of","start":1270.457,"end":1270.522},{"text":"us","start":1270.555,"end":1270.686},{"text":"suffer.","start":1271.555,"end":1272.014}]},{"text":"Makes peace more difficult, crimes get away, war crimes get away with no witnesses, and the world becomes a less safer place.","start":1272.486,"end":1283.369,"topics":[{"key":"conflict-law-protections","label":"Legal Protections in Conflict","description":"Speakers examined how international humanitarian law and human rights law apply during armed conflict, especially to journalists. Key issues included clarifying that journalism is not espionage, defining civilian protection, and addressing when states wrongly justify attacks on reporters."}],"words":[{"text":"Makes","start":1272.486,"end":1272.793},{"text":"peace","start":1272.793,"end":1272.971},{"text":"more","start":1273.036,"end":1273.149},{"text":"difficult,","start":1273.149,"end":1273.619},{"text":"crimes","start":1274.104,"end":1274.525},{"text":"get","start":1275.383,"end":1275.496},{"text":"away,","start":1275.496,"end":1275.723},{"text":"war","start":1276.128,"end":1276.289},{"text":"crimes","start":1276.289,"end":1276.662},{"text":"get","start":1277.244,"end":1277.406},{"text":"away","start":1277.406,"end":1277.649},{"text":"with","start":1277.665,"end":1277.94},{"text":"no","start":1279.025,"end":1279.268},{"text":"witnesses,","start":1279.446,"end":1279.899},{"text":"and","start":1281.291,"end":1281.372},{"text":"the","start":1281.453,"end":1281.534},{"text":"world","start":1281.534,"end":1281.68},{"text":"becomes","start":1281.68,"end":1282.004},{"text":"a","start":1282.037,"end":1282.102},{"text":"less","start":1282.102,"end":1282.281},{"text":"safer","start":1282.281,"end":1283.174},{"text":"place.","start":1283.174,"end":1283.369}]},{"text":"And that's why we need to make sure that journalists themselves are safe.","start":1283.418,"end":1287.007,"topics":[{"key":"journalist-safety","label":"Safety of Journalists in Armed Conflict","description":"The proceedings repeatedly returned to the new guidelines on protecting journalists working in war zones. This included practical protection measures, responsibilities of states and armed actors, and the need to make safety standards usable on the ground."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":1283.418,"end":1283.499},{"text":"that's","start":1283.499,"end":1283.742},{"text":"why","start":1283.742,"end":1283.889},{"text":"we","start":1283.905,"end":1284.002},{"text":"need","start":1284.002,"end":1284.23},{"text":"to","start":1284.23,"end":1284.425},{"text":"make","start":1284.798,"end":1284.961},{"text":"sure","start":1284.961,"end":1285.237},{"text":"that","start":1285.692,"end":1285.838},{"text":"journalists","start":1285.838,"end":1286.228},{"text":"themselves","start":1286.228,"end":1286.666},{"text":"are","start":1286.666,"end":1286.699},{"text":"safe.","start":1286.699,"end":1287.007}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Irene Kahn","affiliation":"UN","affiliation_full":"UN","group":null,"function":"Special Rapporteur on Freedom of Expression"}},{"statement_number":6,"paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you.","start":1290.5,"end":1290.629,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":1290.5,"end":1290.596},{"text":"you.","start":1290.596,"end":1290.629}]},{"text":"Next question.","start":1290.677,"end":1291.306,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next","start":1290.677,"end":1290.935},{"text":"question.","start":1290.935,"end":1291.306}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":null,"affiliation_full":null,"group":null,"function":"Moderator"}},{"statement_number":7,"paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you very much.","start":1293.098,"end":1293.808,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":1293.098,"end":1293.34},{"text":"you","start":1293.34,"end":1293.421},{"text":"very","start":1293.421,"end":1293.598},{"text":"much.","start":1293.598,"end":1293.808}]},{"text":"Maeva Shawi for Kyodo News Agency, Japan's leading news agency.","start":1294.566,"end":1298.653,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Maeva","start":1294.566,"end":1294.809},{"text":"Shawi","start":1294.809,"end":1295.051},{"text":"for","start":1295.147,"end":1295.357},{"text":"Kyodo","start":1295.357,"end":1295.551},{"text":"News","start":1295.551,"end":1295.777},{"text":"Agency,","start":1295.777,"end":1296.148},{"text":"Japan's","start":1297.454,"end":1297.865},{"text":"leading","start":1297.865,"end":1298.045},{"text":"news","start":1298.045,"end":1298.341},{"text":"agency.","start":1298.341,"end":1298.653}]},{"text":"So I just have a few questions.","start":1299.112,"end":1300.458,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":1299.112,"end":1299.326},{"text":"I","start":1299.326,"end":1299.342},{"text":"just","start":1299.342,"end":1299.523},{"text":"have","start":1299.523,"end":1299.785},{"text":"a","start":1299.834,"end":1299.851},{"text":"few","start":1299.851,"end":1300.048},{"text":"questions.","start":1300.081,"end":1300.458}]},{"text":"You know, when we are reporting, normally we need examples.","start":1300.557,"end":1302.017,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"You","start":1300.557,"end":1300.589},{"text":"know,","start":1300.589,"end":1300.721},{"text":"when","start":1300.737,"end":1300.819},{"text":"we","start":1300.819,"end":1300.885},{"text":"are","start":1301.049,"end":1301.131},{"text":"reporting,","start":1301.131,"end":1301.279},{"text":"normally","start":1301.344,"end":1301.541},{"text":"we","start":1301.558,"end":1301.656},{"text":"need","start":1301.656,"end":1301.804},{"text":"examples.","start":1301.804,"end":1302.017}]},{"text":"So as you said, your, your report doesn't mention so many, uh, doesn't mention any examples, but, um, you also mentioned that some countries are supporting you.","start":1303.828,"end":1312.404,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":1303.828,"end":1303.956},{"text":"as","start":1303.956,"end":1304.02},{"text":"you","start":1304.116,"end":1304.148},{"text":"said,","start":1304.148,"end":1304.389},{"text":"your,","start":1304.437,"end":1304.629},{"text":"your","start":1304.838,"end":1304.934},{"text":"report","start":1304.934,"end":1305.495},{"text":"doesn't","start":1305.495,"end":1305.8},{"text":"mention","start":1305.8,"end":1306.024},{"text":"so","start":1306.072,"end":1306.281},{"text":"many,","start":1306.281,"end":1306.537},{"text":"uh,","start":1307.082,"end":1307.098},{"text":"doesn't","start":1307.258,"end":1307.419},{"text":"mention","start":1307.419,"end":1307.723},{"text":"any","start":1307.803,"end":1308.028},{"text":"examples,","start":1308.204,"end":1308.717},{"text":"but,","start":1308.797,"end":1308.974},{"text":"um,","start":1309.246,"end":1309.39},{"text":"you","start":1309.967,"end":1310.032},{"text":"also","start":1310.288,"end":1310.464},{"text":"mentioned","start":1310.48,"end":1310.865},{"text":"that","start":1310.865,"end":1310.977},{"text":"some","start":1311.025,"end":1311.202},{"text":"countries","start":1311.25,"end":1311.586},{"text":"are","start":1311.651,"end":1311.683},{"text":"supporting","start":1311.683,"end":1312.276},{"text":"you.","start":1312.292,"end":1312.404}]},{"text":"Uh, could you name a few of them?","start":1313.173,"end":1315.145,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Uh,","start":1313.173,"end":1313.222},{"text":"could","start":1313.414,"end":1313.526},{"text":"you","start":1313.526,"end":1313.654},{"text":"name","start":1313.654,"end":1313.943},{"text":"a","start":1314.215,"end":1314.231},{"text":"few","start":1314.231,"end":1314.504},{"text":"of","start":1314.857,"end":1315.001},{"text":"them?","start":1315.017,"end":1315.145}]},{"text":"Um, and which guidelines is the most, like, realistic for them?","start":1315.979,"end":1320.996,"topics":[{"key":"journalist-safety","label":"Safety of Journalists in Armed Conflict","description":"The proceedings repeatedly returned to the new guidelines on protecting journalists working in war zones. This included practical protection measures, responsibilities of states and armed actors, and the need to make safety standards usable on the ground."}],"words":[{"text":"Um,","start":1315.979,"end":1316.187},{"text":"and","start":1316.54,"end":1316.716},{"text":"which","start":1317.582,"end":1317.646},{"text":"guidelines","start":1317.758,"end":1318.287},{"text":"is","start":1318.56,"end":1318.704},{"text":"the","start":1318.704,"end":1318.784},{"text":"most,","start":1318.784,"end":1319.345},{"text":"like,","start":1319.441,"end":1319.666},{"text":"realistic","start":1320.002,"end":1320.644},{"text":"for","start":1320.644,"end":1320.772},{"text":"them?","start":1320.804,"end":1320.996}]},{"text":"What could we really apply on the ground?","start":1321.124,"end":1322.824,"topics":[{"key":"journalist-safety","label":"Safety of Journalists in Armed Conflict","description":"The proceedings repeatedly returned to the new guidelines on protecting journalists working in war zones. This included practical protection measures, responsibilities of states and armed actors, and the need to make safety standards usable on the ground."}],"words":[{"text":"What","start":1321.124,"end":1321.365},{"text":"could","start":1321.365,"end":1321.589},{"text":"we","start":1321.589,"end":1321.75},{"text":"really","start":1321.75,"end":1321.942},{"text":"apply","start":1321.99,"end":1322.311},{"text":"on","start":1322.327,"end":1322.407},{"text":"the","start":1322.407,"end":1322.487},{"text":"ground?","start":1322.487,"end":1322.824}]},{"text":"Then about the journalist protection, could you mention a few conflict zones where journalists are especially at risk?","start":1323.85,"end":1331.304,"topics":[{"key":"journalist-safety","label":"Safety of Journalists in Armed Conflict","description":"The proceedings repeatedly returned to the new guidelines on protecting journalists working in war zones. This included practical protection measures, responsibilities of states and armed actors, and the need to make safety standards usable on the ground."},{"key":"conflict-law-protections","label":"Legal Protections in Conflict","description":"Speakers examined how international humanitarian law and human rights law apply during armed conflict, especially to journalists. Key issues included clarifying that journalism is not espionage, defining civilian protection, and addressing when states wrongly justify attacks on reporters."}],"words":[{"text":"Then","start":1323.85,"end":1323.962},{"text":"about","start":1324.956,"end":1325.34},{"text":"the","start":1325.356,"end":1325.597},{"text":"journalist","start":1325.597,"end":1326.014},{"text":"protection,","start":1326.014,"end":1326.703},{"text":"could","start":1327.2,"end":1327.312},{"text":"you","start":1327.312,"end":1327.408},{"text":"mention","start":1327.44,"end":1327.745},{"text":"a","start":1327.873,"end":1327.889},{"text":"few","start":1327.937,"end":1328.274},{"text":"conflict","start":1328.723,"end":1329.188},{"text":"zones","start":1329.188,"end":1329.508},{"text":"where","start":1329.685,"end":1329.861},{"text":"journalists","start":1329.861,"end":1330.278},{"text":"are","start":1330.278,"end":1330.326},{"text":"especially","start":1330.326,"end":1330.791},{"text":"at","start":1330.807,"end":1330.967},{"text":"risk?","start":1330.967,"end":1331.304}]},{"text":"Could you also tell us if you are able to discuss with the belligerents you know, the parties involved, to protect them?","start":1331.929,"end":1338.232,"topics":[{"key":"journalist-safety","label":"Safety of Journalists in Armed Conflict","description":"The proceedings repeatedly returned to the new guidelines on protecting journalists working in war zones. This included practical protection measures, responsibilities of states and armed actors, and the need to make safety standards usable on the ground."},{"key":"conflict-law-protections","label":"Legal Protections in Conflict","description":"Speakers examined how international humanitarian law and human rights law apply during armed conflict, especially to journalists. Key issues included clarifying that journalism is not espionage, defining civilian protection, and addressing when states wrongly justify attacks on reporters."}],"words":[{"text":"Could","start":1331.929,"end":1332.105},{"text":"you","start":1332.105,"end":1332.249},{"text":"also","start":1332.249,"end":1332.57},{"text":"tell","start":1332.57,"end":1332.746},{"text":"us","start":1332.746,"end":1332.987},{"text":"if","start":1332.987,"end":1333.147},{"text":"you","start":1333.147,"end":1333.355},{"text":"are","start":1333.371,"end":1333.42},{"text":"able","start":1333.612,"end":1333.9},{"text":"to","start":1334.013,"end":1334.109},{"text":"discuss","start":1334.109,"end":1334.526},{"text":"with","start":1334.654,"end":1334.814},{"text":"the","start":1334.814,"end":1335.071},{"text":"belligerents","start":1335.071,"end":1335.6},{"text":"you","start":1335.792,"end":1335.889},{"text":"know,","start":1335.889,"end":1336.033},{"text":"the","start":1336.049,"end":1336.194},{"text":"parties","start":1336.194,"end":1336.563},{"text":"involved,","start":1336.755,"end":1337.109},{"text":"to","start":1337.558,"end":1337.654},{"text":"protect","start":1337.702,"end":1338.104},{"text":"them?","start":1338.104,"end":1338.232}]},{"text":"And finally, you also mentioned the visible cost of people raising their voice.","start":1339.083,"end":1343.738,"topics":[{"key":"democratic-backsliding","label":"Democratic Backsliding and Suppression of Dissent","description":"Another recurring topic was the use of criminal, security, counter-terrorism, and related laws by states, including liberal democracies, to silence lawful speech and protest. Examples raised concerns about shrinking civic space, double standards, and the weakening of democratic norms."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":1339.083,"end":1339.211},{"text":"finally,","start":1339.243,"end":1339.725},{"text":"you","start":1339.805,"end":1339.934},{"text":"also","start":1339.95,"end":1340.174},{"text":"mentioned","start":1340.174,"end":1340.768},{"text":"the","start":1341.33,"end":1341.41},{"text":"visible","start":1341.651,"end":1342.004},{"text":"cost","start":1342.052,"end":1342.454},{"text":"of","start":1342.454,"end":1342.598},{"text":"people","start":1342.598,"end":1342.871},{"text":"raising","start":1342.871,"end":1343.128},{"text":"their","start":1343.16,"end":1343.256},{"text":"voice.","start":1343.256,"end":1343.738}]},{"text":"And maybe now we can look at the situation in Switzerland.","start":1344.283,"end":1346.643,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":1344.283,"end":1344.364},{"text":"maybe","start":1344.38,"end":1344.637},{"text":"now","start":1344.637,"end":1344.813},{"text":"we","start":1344.861,"end":1344.942},{"text":"can","start":1344.942,"end":1345.07},{"text":"look","start":1345.166,"end":1345.327},{"text":"at","start":1345.327,"end":1345.375},{"text":"the","start":1345.375,"end":1345.439},{"text":"situation","start":1345.439,"end":1345.872},{"text":"in","start":1345.921,"end":1346.033},{"text":"Switzerland.","start":1346.049,"end":1346.643}]},{"text":"As you know, there has been an important demonstration in Geneva for the No G7 demonstration.","start":1346.787,"end":1353.063,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"As","start":1346.787,"end":1346.916},{"text":"you","start":1346.948,"end":1347.028},{"text":"know,","start":1347.028,"end":1347.173},{"text":"there","start":1347.189,"end":1347.317},{"text":"has","start":1347.317,"end":1347.478},{"text":"been","start":1347.51,"end":1347.574},{"text":"an","start":1347.831,"end":1347.895},{"text":"important","start":1347.911,"end":1348.296},{"text":"demonstration","start":1348.312,"end":1348.986},{"text":"in","start":1349.259,"end":1349.404},{"text":"Geneva","start":1349.5,"end":1350.078},{"text":"for","start":1350.399,"end":1350.559},{"text":"the","start":1350.559,"end":1350.656},{"text":"No","start":1350.656,"end":1350.88},{"text":"G7","start":1350.88,"end":1351.394},{"text":"demonstration.","start":1352.405,"end":1353.063}]},{"text":"So people got caught by the— in a police mechanism for 10 hours with no access to toilets, food, and very insufficient amount of water.","start":1353.128,"end":1362.518,"topics":[{"key":"democratic-backsliding","label":"Democratic Backsliding and Suppression of Dissent","description":"Another recurring topic was the use of criminal, security, counter-terrorism, and related laws by states, including liberal democracies, to silence lawful speech and protest. Examples raised concerns about shrinking civic space, double standards, and the weakening of democratic norms."}],"words":[{"text":"So","start":1353.128,"end":1353.336},{"text":"people","start":1353.352,"end":1353.577},{"text":"got","start":1353.609,"end":1353.786},{"text":"caught","start":1353.834,"end":1354.107},{"text":"by","start":1354.733,"end":1354.845},{"text":"the—","start":1355.295,"end":1355.375},{"text":"in","start":1355.535,"end":1355.68},{"text":"a","start":1355.68,"end":1355.856},{"text":"police","start":1355.856,"end":1356.177},{"text":"mechanism","start":1356.177,"end":1356.707},{"text":"for","start":1356.803,"end":1356.916},{"text":"10","start":1356.916,"end":1357.092},{"text":"hours","start":1357.205,"end":1357.51},{"text":"with","start":1358.087,"end":1358.216},{"text":"no","start":1358.264,"end":1358.344},{"text":"access","start":1358.408,"end":1358.649},{"text":"to","start":1358.649,"end":1358.746},{"text":"toilets,","start":1358.746,"end":1359.227},{"text":"food,","start":1359.564,"end":1359.949},{"text":"and","start":1360.431,"end":1360.495},{"text":"very","start":1360.591,"end":1360.88},{"text":"insufficient","start":1361.073,"end":1361.699},{"text":"amount","start":1361.699,"end":1362.02},{"text":"of","start":1362.02,"end":1362.164},{"text":"water.","start":1362.261,"end":1362.518}]},{"text":"Have you been looking to this case?","start":1363.144,"end":1364.652,"topics":[{"key":"democratic-backsliding","label":"Democratic Backsliding and Suppression of Dissent","description":"Another recurring topic was the use of criminal, security, counter-terrorism, and related laws by states, including liberal democracies, to silence lawful speech and protest. Examples raised concerns about shrinking civic space, double standards, and the weakening of democratic norms."}],"words":[{"text":"Have","start":1363.144,"end":1363.449},{"text":"you","start":1363.465,"end":1363.529},{"text":"been","start":1363.561,"end":1363.689},{"text":"looking","start":1363.721,"end":1363.946},{"text":"to","start":1364.026,"end":1364.123},{"text":"this","start":1364.123,"end":1364.363},{"text":"case?","start":1364.363,"end":1364.652}]},{"text":"Are you going to a bit investigate on it?","start":1364.845,"end":1366.771,"topics":[{"key":"democratic-backsliding","label":"Democratic Backsliding and Suppression of Dissent","description":"Another recurring topic was the use of criminal, security, counter-terrorism, and related laws by states, including liberal democracies, to silence lawful speech and protest. Examples raised concerns about shrinking civic space, double standards, and the weakening of democratic norms."}],"words":[{"text":"Are","start":1364.845,"end":1364.925},{"text":"you","start":1364.925,"end":1365.054},{"text":"going","start":1365.07,"end":1365.294},{"text":"to","start":1365.391,"end":1365.567},{"text":"a","start":1365.583,"end":1365.599},{"text":"bit","start":1365.648,"end":1365.808},{"text":"investigate","start":1365.808,"end":1366.466},{"text":"on","start":1366.514,"end":1366.562},{"text":"it?","start":1366.675,"end":1366.771}]},{"text":"And what are your advices?","start":1366.998,"end":1369.118,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":1366.998,"end":1367.31},{"text":"what","start":1367.327,"end":1367.573},{"text":"are","start":1367.573,"end":1367.622},{"text":"your","start":1367.655,"end":1367.869},{"text":"advices?","start":1368.592,"end":1369.118}]},{"text":"Thank you very much.","start":1370.202,"end":1370.712,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":1370.202,"end":1370.334},{"text":"you","start":1370.367,"end":1370.416},{"text":"very","start":1370.416,"end":1370.547},{"text":"much.","start":1370.547,"end":1370.712}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Maeva Shawi","affiliation":"Kyodo News Agency","affiliation_full":"Kyodo News Agency","group":null,"function":"Journalist"}},{"statement_number":8,"paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"When I've said there are no examples, in my thematic report about digital, the digital actors and governments, there are plenty of examples there.","start":1373.098,"end":1385.106,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"When","start":1373.098,"end":1373.243},{"text":"I've","start":1373.34,"end":1373.518},{"text":"said","start":1373.518,"end":1373.891},{"text":"there","start":1374.166,"end":1374.231},{"text":"are","start":1374.231,"end":1374.279},{"text":"no","start":1374.328,"end":1374.554},{"text":"examples,","start":1374.554,"end":1375.105},{"text":"in","start":1375.38,"end":1375.444},{"text":"my","start":1375.461,"end":1375.622},{"text":"thematic","start":1375.687,"end":1376.254},{"text":"report","start":1376.254,"end":1376.804},{"text":"about","start":1377.306,"end":1377.937},{"text":"digital,","start":1378.196,"end":1378.714},{"text":"the","start":1380.219,"end":1380.316},{"text":"digital","start":1380.381,"end":1381.287},{"text":"actors","start":1381.287,"end":1381.66},{"text":"and","start":1381.837,"end":1382.175},{"text":"governments,","start":1382.497,"end":1382.964},{"text":"there","start":1383.141,"end":1383.238},{"text":"are","start":1383.238,"end":1383.318},{"text":"plenty","start":1383.367,"end":1383.705},{"text":"of","start":1383.705,"end":1383.802},{"text":"examples","start":1383.802,"end":1384.8},{"text":"there.","start":1384.913,"end":1385.106}]},{"text":"So obviously, I followed the normal rule of naming names and making clear who's doing what.","start":1385.493,"end":1391.026,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":1385.493,"end":1385.686},{"text":"obviously,","start":1385.783,"end":1386.185},{"text":"I","start":1386.201,"end":1386.218},{"text":"followed","start":1386.282,"end":1386.669},{"text":"the","start":1386.669,"end":1386.733},{"text":"normal","start":1386.733,"end":1387.232},{"text":"rule","start":1387.232,"end":1387.554},{"text":"of","start":1387.57,"end":1387.699},{"text":"naming","start":1387.893,"end":1388.118},{"text":"names","start":1388.215,"end":1388.585},{"text":"and","start":1389.745,"end":1389.809},{"text":"making","start":1389.906,"end":1390.115},{"text":"clear","start":1390.131,"end":1390.453},{"text":"who's","start":1390.453,"end":1390.615},{"text":"doing","start":1390.615,"end":1390.759},{"text":"what.","start":1390.859,"end":1391.026}]},{"text":"On the issue of journalists in armed conflict, I have had many reports over the last 6 years, many press releases, many public statements, uh, and so on, which also have named names about who has done what.","start":1391.775,"end":1405.253,"topics":[{"key":"journalist-safety","label":"Safety of Journalists in Armed Conflict","description":"The proceedings repeatedly returned to the new guidelines on protecting journalists working in war zones. This included practical protection measures, responsibilities of states and armed actors, and the need to make safety standards usable on the ground."},{"key":"conflict-law-protections","label":"Legal Protections in Conflict","description":"Speakers examined how international humanitarian law and human rights law apply during armed conflict, especially to journalists. Key issues included clarifying that journalism is not espionage, defining civilian protection, and addressing when states wrongly justify attacks on reporters."}],"words":[{"text":"On","start":1391.775,"end":1391.875},{"text":"the","start":1391.875,"end":1392.025},{"text":"issue","start":1392.058,"end":1392.324},{"text":"of","start":1392.458,"end":1392.508},{"text":"journalists","start":1392.607,"end":1393.124},{"text":"in","start":1393.124,"end":1393.273},{"text":"armed","start":1393.273,"end":1393.423},{"text":"conflict,","start":1393.523,"end":1393.806},{"text":"I","start":1394.336,"end":1394.481},{"text":"have","start":1394.497,"end":1394.657},{"text":"had","start":1394.657,"end":1394.882},{"text":"many","start":1394.995,"end":1395.364},{"text":"reports","start":1395.38,"end":1395.99},{"text":"over","start":1396.263,"end":1396.375},{"text":"the","start":1396.375,"end":1396.504},{"text":"last","start":1396.52,"end":1396.921},{"text":"6","start":1396.921,"end":1397.226},{"text":"years,","start":1397.226,"end":1397.531},{"text":"many","start":1398.029,"end":1398.334},{"text":"press","start":1398.366,"end":1398.607},{"text":"releases,","start":1398.607,"end":1399.137},{"text":"many","start":1399.49,"end":1399.715},{"text":"public","start":1399.972,"end":1400.228},{"text":"statements,","start":1400.228,"end":1401.095},{"text":"uh,","start":1401.481,"end":1401.609},{"text":"and","start":1401.818,"end":1401.882},{"text":"so","start":1401.962,"end":1402.075},{"text":"on,","start":1402.219,"end":1402.267},{"text":"which","start":1402.685,"end":1402.829},{"text":"also","start":1402.942,"end":1403.198},{"text":"have","start":1403.247,"end":1403.391},{"text":"named","start":1403.407,"end":1403.632},{"text":"names","start":1403.664,"end":1404.033},{"text":"about","start":1404.242,"end":1404.515},{"text":"who","start":1404.531,"end":1404.627},{"text":"has","start":1404.627,"end":1404.836},{"text":"done","start":1404.852,"end":1404.964},{"text":"what.","start":1405.093,"end":1405.253}]},{"text":"The guidelines are drawn from that experience, but I don't want the guidelines to become accusatory.","start":1405.751,"end":1413.136,"topics":[{"key":"journalist-safety","label":"Safety of Journalists in Armed Conflict","description":"The proceedings repeatedly returned to the new guidelines on protecting journalists working in war zones. This included practical protection measures, responsibilities of states and armed actors, and the need to make safety standards usable on the ground."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1405.751,"end":1405.831},{"text":"guidelines","start":1405.912,"end":1406.682},{"text":"are","start":1407.116,"end":1407.212},{"text":"drawn","start":1407.26,"end":1407.646},{"text":"from","start":1407.742,"end":1407.919},{"text":"that","start":1407.919,"end":1408.143},{"text":"experience,","start":1408.143,"end":1408.994},{"text":"but","start":1409.685,"end":1409.893},{"text":"I","start":1410.006,"end":1410.022},{"text":"don't","start":1410.086,"end":1410.391},{"text":"want","start":1410.407,"end":1410.535},{"text":"the","start":1410.551,"end":1410.632},{"text":"guidelines","start":1410.648,"end":1411.338},{"text":"to","start":1411.691,"end":1411.82},{"text":"become","start":1411.852,"end":1412.205},{"text":"accusatory.","start":1412.478,"end":1413.136}]},{"text":"The guidelines apply across the board to those who have violated them, uh, to those who may violate them, to those who do not violate them but have the power to ensure that others stop violating them, to all of them, to all member states, to all parties, including, as I said, to media companies and to journalists.","start":1413.377,"end":1432.795,"topics":[{"key":"journalist-safety","label":"Safety of Journalists in Armed Conflict","description":"The proceedings repeatedly returned to the new guidelines on protecting journalists working in war zones. This included practical protection measures, responsibilities of states and armed actors, and the need to make safety standards usable on the ground."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1413.377,"end":1413.457},{"text":"guidelines","start":1413.457,"end":1413.955},{"text":"apply","start":1413.955,"end":1414.276},{"text":"across","start":1414.276,"end":1415.015},{"text":"the","start":1415.223,"end":1415.304},{"text":"board","start":1415.304,"end":1415.673},{"text":"to","start":1416.09,"end":1416.155},{"text":"those","start":1416.267,"end":1416.556},{"text":"who","start":1416.588,"end":1416.684},{"text":"have","start":1416.684,"end":1416.797},{"text":"violated","start":1417.294,"end":1417.84},{"text":"them,","start":1417.872,"end":1418.001},{"text":"uh,","start":1418.739,"end":1418.755},{"text":"to","start":1418.852,"end":1418.964},{"text":"those","start":1418.996,"end":1419.285},{"text":"who","start":1419.301,"end":1419.526},{"text":"may","start":1419.542,"end":1419.799},{"text":"violate","start":1419.799,"end":1420.297},{"text":"them,","start":1420.297,"end":1420.409},{"text":"to","start":1420.858,"end":1420.939},{"text":"those","start":1421.003,"end":1421.211},{"text":"who","start":1421.243,"end":1421.404},{"text":"do","start":1421.404,"end":1421.5},{"text":"not","start":1421.5,"end":1421.805},{"text":"violate","start":1421.805,"end":1422.174},{"text":"them","start":1422.206,"end":1422.334},{"text":"but","start":1422.366,"end":1422.511},{"text":"have","start":1422.511,"end":1422.687},{"text":"the","start":1422.687,"end":1422.832},{"text":"power","start":1422.832,"end":1423.281},{"text":"to","start":1423.634,"end":1423.746},{"text":"ensure","start":1423.746,"end":1424.163},{"text":"that","start":1424.276,"end":1424.42},{"text":"others","start":1424.532,"end":1424.821},{"text":"stop","start":1424.949,"end":1425.334},{"text":"violating","start":1425.334,"end":1425.784},{"text":"them,","start":1425.816,"end":1425.944},{"text":"to","start":1425.992,"end":1426.105},{"text":"all","start":1426.281,"end":1426.329},{"text":"of","start":1426.457,"end":1426.586},{"text":"them,","start":1426.618,"end":1426.746},{"text":"to","start":1426.794,"end":1426.907},{"text":"all","start":1427.003,"end":1427.195},{"text":"member","start":1427.244,"end":1427.484},{"text":"states,","start":1427.484,"end":1427.901},{"text":"to","start":1428.286,"end":1428.335},{"text":"all","start":1428.527,"end":1428.671},{"text":"parties,","start":1428.688,"end":1429.153},{"text":"including,","start":1430.228,"end":1430.661},{"text":"as","start":1430.773,"end":1430.837},{"text":"I","start":1430.869,"end":1430.95},{"text":"said,","start":1430.95,"end":1431.126},{"text":"to","start":1431.174,"end":1431.271},{"text":"media","start":1431.271,"end":1431.575},{"text":"companies","start":1431.575,"end":1432.041},{"text":"and","start":1432.217,"end":1432.313},{"text":"to","start":1432.378,"end":1432.458},{"text":"journalists.","start":1432.458,"end":1432.795}]},{"text":"Those guidelines are meant for journalists to also read and find out how they can keep themselves safe.","start":1432.859,"end":1436.934,"topics":[{"key":"journalist-safety","label":"Safety of Journalists in Armed Conflict","description":"The proceedings repeatedly returned to the new guidelines on protecting journalists working in war zones. This included practical protection measures, responsibilities of states and armed actors, and the need to make safety standards usable on the ground."}],"words":[{"text":"Those","start":1432.859,"end":1432.939},{"text":"guidelines","start":1432.955,"end":1433.404},{"text":"are","start":1433.436,"end":1433.468},{"text":"meant","start":1433.468,"end":1433.773},{"text":"for","start":1433.982,"end":1434.126},{"text":"journalists","start":1434.142,"end":1434.624},{"text":"to","start":1434.624,"end":1434.736},{"text":"also","start":1434.736,"end":1435.025},{"text":"read","start":1435.025,"end":1435.217},{"text":"and","start":1435.217,"end":1435.346},{"text":"find","start":1435.346,"end":1435.538},{"text":"out","start":1435.586,"end":1435.682},{"text":"how","start":1435.682,"end":1435.843},{"text":"they","start":1435.907,"end":1435.987},{"text":"can","start":1435.987,"end":1436.1},{"text":"keep","start":1436.164,"end":1436.388},{"text":"themselves","start":1436.388,"end":1436.709},{"text":"safe.","start":1436.709,"end":1436.934}]},{"text":"So that is why it is not a document in which I'm analyzing situations, but I do have an introduction where I'm setting out why do we need these guidelines.","start":1437.864,"end":1447.123,"topics":[{"key":"journalist-safety","label":"Safety of Journalists in Armed Conflict","description":"The proceedings repeatedly returned to the new guidelines on protecting journalists working in war zones. This included practical protection measures, responsibilities of states and armed actors, and the need to make safety standards usable on the ground."}],"words":[{"text":"So","start":1437.864,"end":1438.009},{"text":"that","start":1438.009,"end":1438.185},{"text":"is","start":1438.185,"end":1438.298},{"text":"why","start":1438.33,"end":1438.426},{"text":"it","start":1438.57,"end":1438.667},{"text":"is","start":1438.667,"end":1438.795},{"text":"not","start":1438.811,"end":1439.116},{"text":"a","start":1439.116,"end":1439.132},{"text":"document","start":1439.292,"end":1439.822},{"text":"in","start":1440.255,"end":1440.303},{"text":"which","start":1440.335,"end":1440.496},{"text":"I'm","start":1440.496,"end":1440.608},{"text":"analyzing","start":1440.72,"end":1441.185},{"text":"situations,","start":1441.217,"end":1441.907},{"text":"but","start":1442.26,"end":1442.405},{"text":"I","start":1442.405,"end":1442.453},{"text":"do","start":1442.645,"end":1442.758},{"text":"have","start":1442.886,"end":1443.111},{"text":"an","start":1443.303,"end":1443.448},{"text":"introduction","start":1443.448,"end":1444.105},{"text":"where","start":1444.105,"end":1444.442},{"text":"I'm","start":1444.442,"end":1444.587},{"text":"setting","start":1444.587,"end":1444.891},{"text":"out","start":1444.988,"end":1445.164},{"text":"why","start":1445.469,"end":1445.645},{"text":"do","start":1445.87,"end":1445.95},{"text":"we","start":1445.95,"end":1446.111},{"text":"need","start":1446.111,"end":1446.159},{"text":"these","start":1446.159,"end":1446.239},{"text":"guidelines.","start":1446.512,"end":1447.123}]},{"text":"We need these guidelines because of the level of risk that journalists are facing, because of the level of impunity with which others are operating on the ground.","start":1447.476,"end":1456.089,"topics":[{"key":"journalist-safety","label":"Safety of Journalists in Armed Conflict","description":"The proceedings repeatedly returned to the new guidelines on protecting journalists working in war zones. This included practical protection measures, responsibilities of states and armed actors, and the need to make safety standards usable on the ground."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":1447.476,"end":1447.556},{"text":"need","start":1447.556,"end":1447.926},{"text":"these","start":1447.958,"end":1448.087},{"text":"guidelines","start":1448.183,"end":1448.569},{"text":"because","start":1448.601,"end":1448.97},{"text":"of","start":1449.003,"end":1449.067},{"text":"the","start":1449.067,"end":1449.244},{"text":"level","start":1449.244,"end":1449.549},{"text":"of","start":1449.549,"end":1449.597},{"text":"risk","start":1449.71,"end":1450.063},{"text":"that","start":1450.593,"end":1450.69},{"text":"journalists","start":1450.69,"end":1451.156},{"text":"are","start":1451.156,"end":1451.188},{"text":"facing,","start":1451.188,"end":1451.622},{"text":"because","start":1451.895,"end":1452.136},{"text":"of","start":1452.136,"end":1452.184},{"text":"the","start":1452.216,"end":1452.296},{"text":"level","start":1452.361,"end":1452.634},{"text":"of","start":1452.634,"end":1452.746},{"text":"impunity","start":1452.762,"end":1453.405},{"text":"with","start":1453.823,"end":1454.032},{"text":"which","start":1454.048,"end":1454.193},{"text":"others","start":1454.385,"end":1454.594},{"text":"are","start":1454.771,"end":1454.819},{"text":"operating","start":1454.932,"end":1455.398},{"text":"on","start":1455.51,"end":1455.558},{"text":"the","start":1455.59,"end":1455.671},{"text":"ground.","start":1455.671,"end":1456.089}]},{"text":"So I do point out the risks there.","start":1456.812,"end":1459.64,"topics":[{"key":"journalist-safety","label":"Safety of Journalists in Armed Conflict","description":"The proceedings repeatedly returned to the new guidelines on protecting journalists working in war zones. This included practical protection measures, responsibilities of states and armed actors, and the need to make safety standards usable on the ground."}],"words":[{"text":"So","start":1456.812,"end":1457.004},{"text":"I","start":1457.021,"end":1457.069},{"text":"do","start":1457.213,"end":1457.406},{"text":"point","start":1457.438,"end":1457.744},{"text":"out","start":1457.904,"end":1458.29},{"text":"the","start":1458.9,"end":1459.029},{"text":"risks","start":1459.045,"end":1459.511},{"text":"there.","start":1459.511,"end":1459.64}]},{"text":"I point out the legal framework that exists where humanitarian law does not stop working in armed conflict situations.","start":1460.732,"end":1466.854,"topics":[{"key":"conflict-law-protections","label":"Legal Protections in Conflict","description":"Speakers examined how international humanitarian law and human rights law apply during armed conflict, especially to journalists. Key issues included clarifying that journalism is not espionage, defining civilian protection, and addressing when states wrongly justify attacks on reporters."}],"words":[{"text":"I","start":1460.732,"end":1460.764},{"text":"point","start":1460.893,"end":1461.198},{"text":"out","start":1461.198,"end":1461.311},{"text":"the","start":1461.311,"end":1461.455},{"text":"legal","start":1461.455,"end":1461.761},{"text":"framework","start":1461.761,"end":1462.323},{"text":"that","start":1462.323,"end":1462.435},{"text":"exists","start":1462.435,"end":1463.126},{"text":"where","start":1463.126,"end":1463.207},{"text":"humanitarian","start":1463.207,"end":1463.898},{"text":"law","start":1463.946,"end":1464.058},{"text":"does","start":1464.107,"end":1464.235},{"text":"not","start":1464.283,"end":1464.605},{"text":"stop","start":1464.653,"end":1464.926},{"text":"working","start":1464.974,"end":1465.263},{"text":"in","start":1465.697,"end":1465.746},{"text":"armed","start":1465.794,"end":1466.019},{"text":"conflict","start":1466.019,"end":1466.292},{"text":"situations.","start":1466.292,"end":1466.854}]},{"text":"Freedom of expression does not disappear in an armed conflict.","start":1466.918,"end":1469.891,"topics":[{"key":"conflict-law-protections","label":"Legal Protections in Conflict","description":"Speakers examined how international humanitarian law and human rights law apply during armed conflict, especially to journalists. Key issues included clarifying that journalism is not espionage, defining civilian protection, and addressing when states wrongly justify attacks on reporters."}],"words":[{"text":"Freedom","start":1466.918,"end":1467.192},{"text":"of","start":1467.24,"end":1467.32},{"text":"expression","start":1467.32,"end":1467.69},{"text":"does","start":1467.722,"end":1467.85},{"text":"not","start":1467.883,"end":1468.108},{"text":"disappear","start":1468.108,"end":1468.782},{"text":"in","start":1469.007,"end":1469.056},{"text":"an","start":1469.152,"end":1469.248},{"text":"armed","start":1469.248,"end":1469.457},{"text":"conflict.","start":1469.489,"end":1469.891}]},{"text":"In fact, it becomes even more important.","start":1470.212,"end":1472.285,"topics":[{"key":"conflict-law-protections","label":"Legal Protections in Conflict","description":"Speakers examined how international humanitarian law and human rights law apply during armed conflict, especially to journalists. Key issues included clarifying that journalism is not espionage, defining civilian protection, and addressing when states wrongly justify attacks on reporters."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":1470.212,"end":1470.261},{"text":"fact,","start":1470.293,"end":1470.486},{"text":"it","start":1470.518,"end":1470.566},{"text":"becomes","start":1470.598,"end":1470.855},{"text":"even","start":1471,"end":1471.193},{"text":"more","start":1471.562,"end":1471.916},{"text":"important.","start":1471.98,"end":1472.285}]},{"text":"And then set out, you know, what are the things that can be done and explaining why things are this way or that way, how do you behave.","start":1473.746,"end":1481.273,"topics":[{"key":"journalist-safety","label":"Safety of Journalists in Armed Conflict","description":"The proceedings repeatedly returned to the new guidelines on protecting journalists working in war zones. This included practical protection measures, responsibilities of states and armed actors, and the need to make safety standards usable on the ground."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":1473.746,"end":1473.81},{"text":"then","start":1473.906,"end":1474.019},{"text":"set","start":1474.083,"end":1474.372},{"text":"out,","start":1474.372,"end":1474.436},{"text":"you","start":1474.532,"end":1474.612},{"text":"know,","start":1474.612,"end":1474.661},{"text":"what","start":1474.709,"end":1474.869},{"text":"are","start":1474.869,"end":1474.95},{"text":"the","start":1474.95,"end":1475.03},{"text":"things","start":1475.03,"end":1475.319},{"text":"that","start":1475.592,"end":1475.752},{"text":"can","start":1475.752,"end":1475.961},{"text":"be","start":1475.993,"end":1476.137},{"text":"done","start":1476.137,"end":1476.266},{"text":"and","start":1476.314,"end":1476.41},{"text":"explaining","start":1476.41,"end":1476.875},{"text":"why","start":1477.437,"end":1477.614},{"text":"things","start":1478.224,"end":1478.448},{"text":"are","start":1478.625,"end":1478.721},{"text":"this","start":1478.721,"end":1478.882},{"text":"way","start":1478.882,"end":1478.914},{"text":"or","start":1479.026,"end":1479.122},{"text":"that","start":1479.122,"end":1479.347},{"text":"way,","start":1479.347,"end":1479.427},{"text":"how","start":1479.443,"end":1479.604},{"text":"do","start":1479.604,"end":1479.748},{"text":"you","start":1479.748,"end":1479.845},{"text":"behave.","start":1479.845,"end":1481.273}]},{"text":"Now, conflict zones, we know the dangerous conflict zones, we know the bloodiest of all conflict zones has been Gaza.","start":1482.332,"end":1488.158,"topics":[{"key":"conflict-law-protections","label":"Legal Protections in Conflict","description":"Speakers examined how international humanitarian law and human rights law apply during armed conflict, especially to journalists. Key issues included clarifying that journalism is not espionage, defining civilian protection, and addressing when states wrongly justify attacks on reporters."},{"key":"journalist-safety","label":"Safety of Journalists in Armed Conflict","description":"The proceedings repeatedly returned to the new guidelines on protecting journalists working in war zones. This included practical protection measures, responsibilities of states and armed actors, and the need to make safety standards usable on the ground."}],"words":[{"text":"Now,","start":1482.332,"end":1482.525},{"text":"conflict","start":1482.718,"end":1483.055},{"text":"zones,","start":1483.055,"end":1483.424},{"text":"we","start":1483.841,"end":1483.873},{"text":"know","start":1483.873,"end":1484.018},{"text":"the","start":1484.082,"end":1484.146},{"text":"dangerous","start":1484.178,"end":1484.579},{"text":"conflict","start":1484.579,"end":1484.9},{"text":"zones,","start":1484.9,"end":1485.141},{"text":"we","start":1485.157,"end":1485.237},{"text":"know","start":1485.237,"end":1485.478},{"text":"the","start":1485.478,"end":1485.622},{"text":"bloodiest","start":1485.622,"end":1486.12},{"text":"of","start":1486.12,"end":1486.248},{"text":"all","start":1486.248,"end":1486.345},{"text":"conflict","start":1486.345,"end":1486.682},{"text":"zones","start":1486.682,"end":1487.035},{"text":"has","start":1487.308,"end":1487.516},{"text":"been","start":1487.564,"end":1487.725},{"text":"Gaza.","start":1487.789,"end":1488.158}]},{"text":"The highest number killed with total impunity, with no investigation of a single case in the West Bank or in the Gaza and the occupied territories, Palestine, not just now, but going back decades.","start":1489.234,"end":1503.664,"topics":[{"key":"conflict-law-protections","label":"Legal Protections in Conflict","description":"Speakers examined how international humanitarian law and human rights law apply during armed conflict, especially to journalists. Key issues included clarifying that journalism is not espionage, defining civilian protection, and addressing when states wrongly justify attacks on reporters."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1489.234,"end":1489.298},{"text":"highest","start":1489.298,"end":1489.699},{"text":"number","start":1489.699,"end":1489.94},{"text":"killed","start":1490.036,"end":1490.405},{"text":"with","start":1491.545,"end":1491.753},{"text":"total","start":1492.042,"end":1492.588},{"text":"impunity,","start":1492.588,"end":1493.214},{"text":"with","start":1493.471,"end":1493.599},{"text":"no","start":1493.711,"end":1493.92},{"text":"investigation","start":1493.968,"end":1494.658},{"text":"of","start":1495.108,"end":1495.172},{"text":"a","start":1495.172,"end":1495.188},{"text":"single","start":1495.188,"end":1495.605},{"text":"case","start":1495.637,"end":1495.862},{"text":"in","start":1497.098,"end":1497.146},{"text":"the","start":1497.435,"end":1497.644},{"text":"West","start":1497.644,"end":1497.884},{"text":"Bank","start":1497.884,"end":1498.237},{"text":"or","start":1498.447,"end":1498.72},{"text":"in","start":1498.769,"end":1498.914},{"text":"the","start":1499.187,"end":1499.348},{"text":"Gaza","start":1499.348,"end":1499.574},{"text":"and","start":1499.574,"end":1499.671},{"text":"the","start":1499.671,"end":1499.751},{"text":"occupied","start":1499.751,"end":1500.121},{"text":"territories,","start":1500.138,"end":1500.524},{"text":"Palestine,","start":1500.556,"end":1500.862},{"text":"not","start":1500.878,"end":1501.039},{"text":"just","start":1501.039,"end":1501.281},{"text":"now,","start":1501.281,"end":1501.442},{"text":"but","start":1502.07,"end":1502.167},{"text":"going","start":1502.167,"end":1502.376},{"text":"back","start":1502.473,"end":1502.746},{"text":"decades.","start":1503.278,"end":1503.664}]},{"text":"Of course, Ukraine is another area.","start":1504.79,"end":1506.352,"topics":[{"key":"conflict-law-protections","label":"Legal Protections in Conflict","description":"Speakers examined how international humanitarian law and human rights law apply during armed conflict, especially to journalists. Key issues included clarifying that journalism is not espionage, defining civilian protection, and addressing when states wrongly justify attacks on reporters."}],"words":[{"text":"Of","start":1504.79,"end":1504.854},{"text":"course,","start":1504.854,"end":1504.983},{"text":"Ukraine","start":1505.128,"end":1505.498},{"text":"is","start":1505.546,"end":1505.627},{"text":"another","start":1505.627,"end":1506.013},{"text":"area.","start":1506.013,"end":1506.352}]},{"text":"Sudan has been others.","start":1506.738,"end":1507.93,"topics":[{"key":"conflict-law-protections","label":"Legal Protections in Conflict","description":"Speakers examined how international humanitarian law and human rights law apply during armed conflict, especially to journalists. Key issues included clarifying that journalism is not espionage, defining civilian protection, and addressing when states wrongly justify attacks on reporters."}],"words":[{"text":"Sudan","start":1506.738,"end":1507.205},{"text":"has","start":1507.382,"end":1507.527},{"text":"been","start":1507.559,"end":1507.64},{"text":"others.","start":1507.704,"end":1507.93}]},{"text":"These are really hotspots of conflict where journalists have given their lives, but it happens every day in smaller conflicts as well where the news may not get out so fast.","start":1508.284,"end":1519.888,"topics":[{"key":"conflict-law-protections","label":"Legal Protections in Conflict","description":"Speakers examined how international humanitarian law and human rights law apply during armed conflict, especially to journalists. Key issues included clarifying that journalism is not espionage, defining civilian protection, and addressing when states wrongly justify attacks on reporters."},{"key":"journalist-safety","label":"Safety of Journalists in Armed Conflict","description":"The proceedings repeatedly returned to the new guidelines on protecting journalists working in war zones. This included practical protection measures, responsibilities of states and armed actors, and the need to make safety standards usable on the ground."}],"words":[{"text":"These","start":1508.284,"end":1508.494},{"text":"are","start":1508.59,"end":1508.671},{"text":"really","start":1508.671,"end":1509.057},{"text":"hotspots","start":1509.154,"end":1509.927},{"text":"of","start":1510.619,"end":1510.748},{"text":"conflict","start":1512.23,"end":1512.777},{"text":"where","start":1513.035,"end":1513.228},{"text":"journalists","start":1513.421,"end":1513.76},{"text":"have","start":1513.76,"end":1513.888},{"text":"given","start":1513.905,"end":1514.082},{"text":"their","start":1514.082,"end":1514.227},{"text":"lives,","start":1514.227,"end":1514.616},{"text":"but","start":1514.874,"end":1514.988},{"text":"it","start":1514.988,"end":1515.101},{"text":"happens","start":1515.117,"end":1515.586},{"text":"every","start":1515.78,"end":1515.909},{"text":"day","start":1516.006,"end":1516.103},{"text":"in","start":1516.265,"end":1516.427},{"text":"smaller","start":1516.427,"end":1516.815},{"text":"conflicts","start":1516.815,"end":1517.252},{"text":"as","start":1517.252,"end":1517.333},{"text":"well","start":1517.381,"end":1517.672},{"text":"where","start":1517.963,"end":1518.222},{"text":"the","start":1518.368,"end":1518.448},{"text":"news","start":1518.448,"end":1518.659},{"text":"may","start":1518.756,"end":1518.788},{"text":"not","start":1518.788,"end":1518.998},{"text":"get","start":1519.014,"end":1519.16},{"text":"out","start":1519.16,"end":1519.338},{"text":"so","start":1519.338,"end":1519.5},{"text":"fast.","start":1519.5,"end":1519.888}]},{"text":"So it is a global problem, and that's why it needs more attention.","start":1520.244,"end":1524.199,"topics":[{"key":"journalist-safety","label":"Safety of Journalists in Armed Conflict","description":"The proceedings repeatedly returned to the new guidelines on protecting journalists working in war zones. This included practical protection measures, responsibilities of states and armed actors, and the need to make safety standards usable on the ground."}],"words":[{"text":"So","start":1520.244,"end":1520.389},{"text":"it","start":1520.454,"end":1520.551},{"text":"is","start":1520.551,"end":1520.664},{"text":"a","start":1520.793,"end":1520.81},{"text":"global","start":1520.939,"end":1521.262},{"text":"problem,","start":1521.279,"end":1521.764},{"text":"and","start":1522.249,"end":1522.314},{"text":"that's","start":1522.33,"end":1522.572},{"text":"why","start":1522.572,"end":1522.815},{"text":"it","start":1522.961,"end":1523.106},{"text":"needs","start":1523.235,"end":1523.349},{"text":"more","start":1523.614,"end":1523.747},{"text":"attention.","start":1523.798,"end":1524.199}]},{"text":"You've talked about raising— the cost of raising voices.","start":1526.34,"end":1530.461,"topics":[{"key":"democratic-backsliding","label":"Democratic Backsliding and Suppression of Dissent","description":"Another recurring topic was the use of criminal, security, counter-terrorism, and related laws by states, including liberal democracies, to silence lawful speech and protest. Examples raised concerns about shrinking civic space, double standards, and the weakening of democratic norms."}],"words":[{"text":"You've","start":1526.34,"end":1526.517},{"text":"talked","start":1526.517,"end":1526.839},{"text":"about","start":1526.839,"end":1527.257},{"text":"raising—","start":1527.885,"end":1528.175},{"text":"the","start":1528.835,"end":1529.012},{"text":"cost","start":1529.012,"end":1529.27},{"text":"of","start":1529.27,"end":1529.35},{"text":"raising","start":1529.399,"end":1529.624},{"text":"voices.","start":1530.123,"end":1530.461}]},{"text":"Yes, you're absolutely right.","start":1530.542,"end":1531.83,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Yes,","start":1530.542,"end":1530.671},{"text":"you're","start":1530.767,"end":1530.848},{"text":"absolutely","start":1530.944,"end":1531.508},{"text":"right.","start":1531.508,"end":1531.83}]},{"text":"And in my work over the last few years, I've also focused on what I call backslide— what we call backsliding democracies.","start":1532.377,"end":1539.705,"topics":[{"key":"democratic-backsliding","label":"Democratic Backsliding and Suppression of Dissent","description":"Another recurring topic was the use of criminal, security, counter-terrorism, and related laws by states, including liberal democracies, to silence lawful speech and protest. Examples raised concerns about shrinking civic space, double standards, and the weakening of democratic norms."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":1532.377,"end":1532.683},{"text":"in","start":1533.118,"end":1533.247},{"text":"my","start":1533.263,"end":1533.391},{"text":"work","start":1533.585,"end":1533.907},{"text":"over","start":1534.084,"end":1534.229},{"text":"the","start":1534.245,"end":1534.309},{"text":"last","start":1534.325,"end":1534.535},{"text":"few","start":1534.567,"end":1534.728},{"text":"years,","start":1534.792,"end":1535.034},{"text":"I've","start":1535.195,"end":1535.34},{"text":"also","start":1535.34,"end":1535.55},{"text":"focused","start":1535.598,"end":1536.035},{"text":"on","start":1536.035,"end":1536.148},{"text":"what","start":1536.18,"end":1536.293},{"text":"I","start":1536.326,"end":1536.487},{"text":"call","start":1536.487,"end":1536.714},{"text":"backslide—","start":1536.989,"end":1537.377},{"text":"what","start":1537.474,"end":1537.619},{"text":"we","start":1537.619,"end":1537.781},{"text":"call","start":1537.781,"end":1537.846},{"text":"backsliding","start":1538.347,"end":1538.977},{"text":"democracies.","start":1539.01,"end":1539.705}]},{"text":"Liberal democracies that are supposed to be protecting people's voices when they raise them are actually doing the reverse.","start":1540.141,"end":1549.124,"topics":[{"key":"democratic-backsliding","label":"Democratic Backsliding and Suppression of Dissent","description":"Another recurring topic was the use of criminal, security, counter-terrorism, and related laws by states, including liberal democracies, to silence lawful speech and protest. Examples raised concerns about shrinking civic space, double standards, and the weakening of democratic norms."}],"words":[{"text":"Liberal","start":1540.141,"end":1540.481},{"text":"democracies","start":1540.481,"end":1541.079},{"text":"that","start":1541.111,"end":1541.257},{"text":"are","start":1541.257,"end":1541.289},{"text":"supposed","start":1541.289,"end":1541.791},{"text":"to","start":1541.92,"end":1542.001},{"text":"be","start":1542.001,"end":1542.098},{"text":"protecting","start":1543.763,"end":1544.297},{"text":"people's","start":1544.652,"end":1544.96},{"text":"voices","start":1544.96,"end":1545.282},{"text":"when","start":1545.88,"end":1546.041},{"text":"they","start":1546.041,"end":1546.186},{"text":"raise","start":1546.186,"end":1546.412},{"text":"them","start":1546.509,"end":1546.687},{"text":"are","start":1547.009,"end":1547.106},{"text":"actually","start":1547.235,"end":1547.623},{"text":"doing","start":1548.301,"end":1548.494},{"text":"the","start":1548.543,"end":1548.623},{"text":"reverse.","start":1548.688,"end":1549.124}]},{"text":"This year, earlier this year in January, I visited— made an official country visit to Germany.","start":1550.206,"end":1554.943,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":1550.206,"end":1550.415},{"text":"year,","start":1550.463,"end":1550.655},{"text":"earlier","start":1550.848,"end":1551.089},{"text":"this","start":1551.089,"end":1551.201},{"text":"year","start":1551.266,"end":1551.458},{"text":"in","start":1551.587,"end":1551.731},{"text":"January,","start":1551.731,"end":1552.197},{"text":"I","start":1552.373,"end":1552.47},{"text":"visited—","start":1552.47,"end":1552.919},{"text":"made","start":1553.273,"end":1553.433},{"text":"an","start":1553.433,"end":1553.514},{"text":"official","start":1553.514,"end":1553.899},{"text":"country","start":1553.899,"end":1554.14},{"text":"visit","start":1554.14,"end":1554.461},{"text":"to","start":1554.461,"end":1554.557},{"text":"Germany.","start":1554.557,"end":1554.943}]},{"text":"My report of— on Germany is also available, presented it to the council at this session, although of course I had made a previous public statement at the end of my mission, and where I highlighted the risks that people take in Germany, Palestinian activists, climate activists, and the response of the government has been extremely harsh.","start":1555.44,"end":1578.352,"topics":[{"key":"democratic-backsliding","label":"Democratic Backsliding and Suppression of Dissent","description":"Another recurring topic was the use of criminal, security, counter-terrorism, and related laws by states, including liberal democracies, to silence lawful speech and protest. Examples raised concerns about shrinking civic space, double standards, and the weakening of democratic norms."}],"words":[{"text":"My","start":1555.44,"end":1555.569},{"text":"report","start":1555.601,"end":1556.083},{"text":"of—","start":1556.885,"end":1556.95},{"text":"on","start":1557.207,"end":1557.303},{"text":"Germany","start":1557.367,"end":1557.736},{"text":"is","start":1557.945,"end":1558.058},{"text":"also","start":1558.154,"end":1558.475},{"text":"available,","start":1558.475,"end":1558.973},{"text":"presented","start":1559.278,"end":1559.743},{"text":"it","start":1559.776,"end":1559.92},{"text":"to","start":1559.92,"end":1560.016},{"text":"the","start":1560.016,"end":1560.129},{"text":"council","start":1560.161,"end":1560.627},{"text":"at","start":1561.606,"end":1561.702},{"text":"this","start":1561.702,"end":1561.863},{"text":"session,","start":1561.863,"end":1562.216},{"text":"although","start":1562.329,"end":1562.489},{"text":"of","start":1562.489,"end":1562.634},{"text":"course","start":1562.666,"end":1562.907},{"text":"I","start":1562.907,"end":1562.923},{"text":"had","start":1562.971,"end":1563.115},{"text":"made","start":1563.308,"end":1563.469},{"text":"a","start":1563.469,"end":1563.549},{"text":"previous","start":1563.549,"end":1563.886},{"text":"public","start":1564.031,"end":1564.336},{"text":"statement","start":1564.336,"end":1564.882},{"text":"at","start":1565.074,"end":1565.155},{"text":"the","start":1565.155,"end":1565.235},{"text":"end","start":1565.235,"end":1565.411},{"text":"of","start":1565.411,"end":1565.46},{"text":"my","start":1565.476,"end":1565.636},{"text":"mission,","start":1565.636,"end":1565.973},{"text":"and","start":1566.503,"end":1566.632},{"text":"where","start":1566.68,"end":1566.873},{"text":"I","start":1567.146,"end":1567.194},{"text":"highlighted","start":1567.386,"end":1569.458},{"text":"the","start":1569.49,"end":1569.57},{"text":"risks","start":1569.955,"end":1570.453},{"text":"that","start":1571.657,"end":1571.818},{"text":"people","start":1571.818,"end":1572.043},{"text":"take","start":1572.123,"end":1572.476},{"text":"in","start":1572.701,"end":1572.781},{"text":"Germany,","start":1572.781,"end":1573.151},{"text":"Palestinian","start":1573.263,"end":1573.793},{"text":"activists,","start":1573.905,"end":1574.387},{"text":"climate","start":1574.789,"end":1575.174},{"text":"activists,","start":1575.174,"end":1575.543},{"text":"and","start":1575.993,"end":1576.057},{"text":"the","start":1576.153,"end":1576.217},{"text":"response","start":1576.233,"end":1576.715},{"text":"of","start":1576.715,"end":1576.795},{"text":"the","start":1576.795,"end":1576.875},{"text":"government","start":1576.875,"end":1577.228},{"text":"has","start":1577.26,"end":1577.341},{"text":"been","start":1577.357,"end":1577.421},{"text":"extremely","start":1577.453,"end":1577.918},{"text":"harsh.","start":1577.983,"end":1578.352}]},{"text":"Laws have been used, criminal laws have been used, in my view excessively.","start":1579.266,"end":1583.503,"topics":[{"key":"democratic-backsliding","label":"Democratic Backsliding and Suppression of Dissent","description":"Another recurring topic was the use of criminal, security, counter-terrorism, and related laws by states, including liberal democracies, to silence lawful speech and protest. Examples raised concerns about shrinking civic space, double standards, and the weakening of democratic norms."}],"words":[{"text":"Laws","start":1579.266,"end":1579.571},{"text":"have","start":1579.587,"end":1579.652},{"text":"been","start":1579.684,"end":1579.892},{"text":"used,","start":1580.149,"end":1580.614},{"text":"criminal","start":1580.711,"end":1581.032},{"text":"laws","start":1581.032,"end":1581.256},{"text":"have","start":1581.272,"end":1581.337},{"text":"been","start":1581.369,"end":1581.529},{"text":"used,","start":1581.529,"end":1581.946},{"text":"in","start":1582.316,"end":1582.396},{"text":"my","start":1582.412,"end":1582.604},{"text":"view","start":1582.653,"end":1582.781},{"text":"excessively.","start":1582.877,"end":1583.503}]},{"text":"Ideas, concepts like what is antisemitism, what is counter-terrorism, have been used in very loose ways so that there has been unnecessary restriction of lawful speech.","start":1584.081,"end":1594.528,"topics":[{"key":"democratic-backsliding","label":"Democratic Backsliding and Suppression of Dissent","description":"Another recurring topic was the use of criminal, security, counter-terrorism, and related laws by states, including liberal democracies, to silence lawful speech and protest. Examples raised concerns about shrinking civic space, double standards, and the weakening of democratic norms."}],"words":[{"text":"Ideas,","start":1584.081,"end":1584.546},{"text":"concepts","start":1584.659,"end":1585.317},{"text":"like","start":1585.461,"end":1585.621},{"text":"what","start":1585.702,"end":1585.878},{"text":"is","start":1585.878,"end":1586.007},{"text":"antisemitism,","start":1586.007,"end":1586.633},{"text":"what","start":1587.13,"end":1587.307},{"text":"is","start":1587.307,"end":1587.355},{"text":"counter-terrorism,","start":1587.387,"end":1588.269},{"text":"have","start":1588.51,"end":1588.639},{"text":"been","start":1588.671,"end":1588.831},{"text":"used","start":1588.831,"end":1589.12},{"text":"in","start":1589.152,"end":1589.248},{"text":"very","start":1589.297,"end":1589.441},{"text":"loose","start":1589.617,"end":1589.938},{"text":"ways","start":1589.938,"end":1590.243},{"text":"so","start":1591.078,"end":1591.303},{"text":"that","start":1591.303,"end":1591.415},{"text":"there","start":1591.463,"end":1591.543},{"text":"has","start":1591.559,"end":1591.688},{"text":"been","start":1591.72,"end":1591.848},{"text":"unnecessary","start":1591.88,"end":1592.49},{"text":"restriction","start":1592.522,"end":1593.052},{"text":"of","start":1593.325,"end":1593.565},{"text":"lawful","start":1593.565,"end":1594.047},{"text":"speech.","start":1594.047,"end":1594.528}]},{"text":"But Germany is not alone in Western Europe, or not alone among liberal democracies, that are using these very tough, harsh methods of silencing voices.","start":1595.09,"end":1605.943,"topics":[{"key":"democratic-backsliding","label":"Democratic Backsliding and Suppression of Dissent","description":"Another recurring topic was the use of criminal, security, counter-terrorism, and related laws by states, including liberal democracies, to silence lawful speech and protest. Examples raised concerns about shrinking civic space, double standards, and the weakening of democratic norms."}],"words":[{"text":"But","start":1595.09,"end":1595.25},{"text":"Germany","start":1595.25,"end":1595.732},{"text":"is","start":1595.957,"end":1596.021},{"text":"not","start":1596.069,"end":1596.438},{"text":"alone","start":1596.438,"end":1596.903},{"text":"in","start":1597.256,"end":1597.305},{"text":"Western","start":1597.337,"end":1597.722},{"text":"Europe,","start":1597.722,"end":1598.139},{"text":"or","start":1598.38,"end":1598.428},{"text":"not","start":1598.524,"end":1598.765},{"text":"alone","start":1598.765,"end":1599.134},{"text":"among","start":1599.262,"end":1599.471},{"text":"liberal","start":1599.583,"end":1599.904},{"text":"democracies,","start":1599.904,"end":1600.514},{"text":"that","start":1600.931,"end":1601.028},{"text":"are","start":1601.028,"end":1601.156},{"text":"using","start":1601.172,"end":1601.557},{"text":"these","start":1601.589,"end":1601.718},{"text":"very","start":1601.814,"end":1602.087},{"text":"tough,","start":1602.392,"end":1602.713},{"text":"harsh","start":1602.938,"end":1603.227},{"text":"methods","start":1604.063,"end":1604.529},{"text":"of","start":1604.882,"end":1604.947},{"text":"silencing","start":1604.963,"end":1605.493},{"text":"voices.","start":1605.605,"end":1605.943}]},{"text":"You mentioned Switzerland, but look at the UK where Palestine Action supporters, 80-year-old retired schoolteachers, are being arrested for holding up a poster saying, \"I support Palestine Action.\"","start":1606.955,"end":1622.525,"topics":[{"key":"democratic-backsliding","label":"Democratic Backsliding and Suppression of Dissent","description":"Another recurring topic was the use of criminal, security, counter-terrorism, and related laws by states, including liberal democracies, to silence lawful speech and protest. Examples raised concerns about shrinking civic space, double standards, and the weakening of democratic norms."}],"words":[{"text":"You","start":1606.955,"end":1607.003},{"text":"mentioned","start":1607.035,"end":1607.582},{"text":"Switzerland,","start":1607.63,"end":1608.224},{"text":"but","start":1608.337,"end":1608.417},{"text":"look","start":1608.98,"end":1609.14},{"text":"at","start":1609.14,"end":1609.333},{"text":"the","start":1609.606,"end":1609.687},{"text":"UK","start":1609.703,"end":1610.185},{"text":"where","start":1610.747,"end":1610.892},{"text":"Palestine","start":1610.892,"end":1611.422},{"text":"Action","start":1611.534,"end":1611.84},{"text":"supporters,","start":1612.932,"end":1613.575},{"text":"80-year-old","start":1613.784,"end":1614.475},{"text":"retired","start":1614.909,"end":1615.375},{"text":"schoolteachers,","start":1615.471,"end":1616.339},{"text":"are","start":1616.772,"end":1616.853},{"text":"being","start":1616.853,"end":1617.029},{"text":"arrested","start":1617.078,"end":1617.511},{"text":"for","start":1617.56,"end":1617.64},{"text":"holding","start":1617.64,"end":1617.945},{"text":"up","start":1618.042,"end":1618.218},{"text":"a","start":1618.218,"end":1618.235},{"text":"poster","start":1618.299,"end":1618.829},{"text":"saying,","start":1620.323,"end":1620.677},{"text":"\"I","start":1620.854,"end":1620.886},{"text":"support","start":1620.95,"end":1621.512},{"text":"Palestine","start":1621.673,"end":1622.219},{"text":"Action.\"","start":1622.219,"end":1622.525}]},{"text":"That is not terrorism.","start":1623.521,"end":1625.047,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"That","start":1623.521,"end":1623.842},{"text":"is","start":1623.842,"end":1623.906},{"text":"not","start":1623.938,"end":1624.34},{"text":"terrorism.","start":1624.629,"end":1625.047}]},{"text":"So I think these security laws are being used too loosely.","start":1626.027,"end":1628.309,"topics":[{"key":"democratic-backsliding","label":"Democratic Backsliding and Suppression of Dissent","description":"Another recurring topic was the use of criminal, security, counter-terrorism, and related laws by states, including liberal democracies, to silence lawful speech and protest. Examples raised concerns about shrinking civic space, double standards, and the weakening of democratic norms."}],"words":[{"text":"So","start":1626.027,"end":1626.316},{"text":"I","start":1626.333,"end":1626.413},{"text":"think","start":1626.413,"end":1626.574},{"text":"these","start":1626.574,"end":1626.686},{"text":"security","start":1626.686,"end":1627.2},{"text":"laws","start":1627.216,"end":1627.457},{"text":"are","start":1627.457,"end":1627.505},{"text":"being","start":1627.538,"end":1627.698},{"text":"used","start":1627.698,"end":1627.987},{"text":"too","start":1628.02,"end":1628.116},{"text":"loosely.","start":1628.116,"end":1628.309}]},{"text":"Illegally, and therefore very dangerously to suppress lawful speech.","start":1628.63,"end":1633.312,"topics":[{"key":"democratic-backsliding","label":"Democratic Backsliding and Suppression of Dissent","description":"Another recurring topic was the use of criminal, security, counter-terrorism, and related laws by states, including liberal democracies, to silence lawful speech and protest. Examples raised concerns about shrinking civic space, double standards, and the weakening of democratic norms."}],"words":[{"text":"Illegally,","start":1628.63,"end":1629.56},{"text":"and","start":1629.658,"end":1629.739},{"text":"therefore","start":1629.756,"end":1630.343},{"text":"very","start":1630.571,"end":1630.784},{"text":"dangerously","start":1630.816,"end":1631.436},{"text":"to","start":1631.893,"end":1632.023},{"text":"suppress","start":1632.023,"end":1632.48},{"text":"lawful","start":1632.594,"end":1632.872},{"text":"speech.","start":1632.872,"end":1633.312}]},{"text":"Governments should not— let me give you the exact quote that I have in my report because I think it is worth looking at it.","start":1634.59,"end":1643.795,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Governments","start":1634.59,"end":1635.441},{"text":"should","start":1635.441,"end":1635.762},{"text":"not—","start":1635.827,"end":1636.18},{"text":"let","start":1637.353,"end":1637.658},{"text":"me","start":1637.658,"end":1637.754},{"text":"give","start":1637.754,"end":1637.899},{"text":"you","start":1637.899,"end":1637.995},{"text":"the","start":1637.995,"end":1638.06},{"text":"exact","start":1638.06,"end":1638.525},{"text":"quote","start":1638.622,"end":1639.023},{"text":"that","start":1639.023,"end":1639.2},{"text":"I","start":1639.264,"end":1639.313},{"text":"have","start":1639.425,"end":1639.779},{"text":"in","start":1640.405,"end":1640.453},{"text":"my","start":1640.63,"end":1640.823},{"text":"report","start":1640.871,"end":1641.208},{"text":"because","start":1641.208,"end":1641.449},{"text":"I","start":1641.449,"end":1641.53},{"text":"think","start":1641.594,"end":1641.851},{"text":"it","start":1641.851,"end":1641.947},{"text":"is","start":1641.947,"end":1642.06},{"text":"worth","start":1642.156,"end":1642.381},{"text":"looking","start":1643.136,"end":1643.425},{"text":"at","start":1643.441,"end":1643.618},{"text":"it.","start":1643.618,"end":1643.795}]},{"text":"States must never seek to legitimize prohibited speech nor prohibit a legitimate freedom of expression.","start":1646.55,"end":1654.726,"topics":[{"key":"democratic-backsliding","label":"Democratic Backsliding and Suppression of Dissent","description":"Another recurring topic was the use of criminal, security, counter-terrorism, and related laws by states, including liberal democracies, to silence lawful speech and protest. Examples raised concerns about shrinking civic space, double standards, and the weakening of democratic norms."}],"words":[{"text":"States","start":1646.55,"end":1647.004},{"text":"must","start":1647.393,"end":1647.685},{"text":"never","start":1648.123,"end":1648.464},{"text":"seek","start":1648.464,"end":1648.918},{"text":"to","start":1649.194,"end":1649.308},{"text":"legitimize","start":1649.421,"end":1650.119},{"text":"prohibited","start":1650.314,"end":1650.8},{"text":"speech","start":1650.8,"end":1651.255},{"text":"nor","start":1651.936,"end":1652.212},{"text":"prohibit","start":1652.407,"end":1652.91},{"text":"a","start":1653.299,"end":1653.331},{"text":"legitimate","start":1653.331,"end":1653.834},{"text":"freedom","start":1654.032,"end":1654.371},{"text":"of","start":1654.371,"end":1654.403},{"text":"expression.","start":1654.451,"end":1654.726}]},{"text":"I think those are the limits.","start":1654.984,"end":1655.936,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":1654.984,"end":1655.032},{"text":"think","start":1655.065,"end":1655.162},{"text":"those","start":1655.162,"end":1655.371},{"text":"are","start":1655.468,"end":1655.549},{"text":"the","start":1655.549,"end":1655.63},{"text":"limits.","start":1655.63,"end":1655.936}]},{"text":"That's the standard that international law requires governments to uphold.","start":1656.049,"end":1662.198,"topics":[{"key":"multilateral-cooperation","label":"Multilateral Cooperation on Human Rights","description":"Several statements addressed the erosion of international law and the need for stronger coalitions to defend freedom of expression. The call was for multi-stakeholder and multilateral cooperation that keeps human rights at the center of technology governance rather than letting expression become a geopolitical bargaining tool."}],"words":[{"text":"That's","start":1656.049,"end":1656.356},{"text":"the","start":1656.356,"end":1656.388},{"text":"standard","start":1656.388,"end":1656.84},{"text":"that","start":1657.324,"end":1657.421},{"text":"international","start":1657.421,"end":1657.986},{"text":"law","start":1657.986,"end":1658.147},{"text":"requires","start":1658.147,"end":1658.68},{"text":"governments","start":1659.116,"end":1659.551},{"text":"to","start":1660.068,"end":1660.181},{"text":"uphold.","start":1661.762,"end":1662.198}]},{"text":"And the sad thing is that when you talk about Switzerland or UK or Germany or these liberal democracies, they are the champions of freedom of expression.","start":1662.505,"end":1672.188,"topics":[{"key":"democratic-backsliding","label":"Democratic Backsliding and Suppression of Dissent","description":"Another recurring topic was the use of criminal, security, counter-terrorism, and related laws by states, including liberal democracies, to silence lawful speech and protest. Examples raised concerns about shrinking civic space, double standards, and the weakening of democratic norms."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":1662.505,"end":1662.569},{"text":"the","start":1662.586,"end":1662.666},{"text":"sad","start":1662.666,"end":1663.037},{"text":"thing","start":1663.086,"end":1663.28},{"text":"is","start":1663.296,"end":1663.522},{"text":"that","start":1664.025,"end":1664.089},{"text":"when","start":1664.122,"end":1664.187},{"text":"you","start":1664.267,"end":1664.365},{"text":"talk","start":1664.365,"end":1664.624},{"text":"about","start":1664.624,"end":1665.029},{"text":"Switzerland","start":1665.191,"end":1665.871},{"text":"or","start":1665.984,"end":1666.081},{"text":"UK","start":1666.373,"end":1666.729},{"text":"or","start":1667.021,"end":1667.215},{"text":"Germany","start":1667.264,"end":1667.734},{"text":"or","start":1667.847,"end":1668.106},{"text":"these","start":1668.171,"end":1668.349},{"text":"liberal","start":1668.657,"end":1668.981},{"text":"democracies,","start":1668.981,"end":1669.596},{"text":"they","start":1669.952,"end":1670.163},{"text":"are","start":1670.26,"end":1670.357},{"text":"the","start":1670.357,"end":1670.406},{"text":"champions","start":1670.438,"end":1671.102},{"text":"of","start":1671.102,"end":1671.167},{"text":"freedom","start":1671.167,"end":1671.507},{"text":"of","start":1671.572,"end":1671.669},{"text":"expression.","start":1671.669,"end":1672.188}]},{"text":"But they cannot expect their policies outside their borders to be effective, their foreign policies to be effective if they do not follow those policies in their own domestic arena.","start":1673.017,"end":1686.206,"topics":[{"key":"multilateral-cooperation","label":"Multilateral Cooperation on Human Rights","description":"Several statements addressed the erosion of international law and the need for stronger coalitions to defend freedom of expression. The call was for multi-stakeholder and multilateral cooperation that keeps human rights at the center of technology governance rather than letting expression become a geopolitical bargaining tool."}],"words":[{"text":"But","start":1673.017,"end":1673.113},{"text":"they","start":1673.178,"end":1673.242},{"text":"cannot","start":1673.355,"end":1673.853},{"text":"expect","start":1673.853,"end":1674.481},{"text":"their","start":1675.365,"end":1675.478},{"text":"policies","start":1675.526,"end":1676.137},{"text":"outside","start":1676.572,"end":1677.022},{"text":"their","start":1677.054,"end":1677.215},{"text":"borders","start":1677.215,"end":1677.585},{"text":"to","start":1678.084,"end":1678.148},{"text":"be","start":1678.18,"end":1678.277},{"text":"effective,","start":1678.277,"end":1678.759},{"text":"their","start":1678.808,"end":1678.888},{"text":"foreign","start":1678.888,"end":1679.177},{"text":"policies","start":1679.226,"end":1679.644},{"text":"to","start":1679.692,"end":1679.789},{"text":"be","start":1679.789,"end":1679.869},{"text":"effective","start":1679.869,"end":1680.4},{"text":"if","start":1680.863,"end":1680.96},{"text":"they","start":1681.074,"end":1681.237},{"text":"do","start":1681.399,"end":1681.529},{"text":"not","start":1681.643,"end":1681.935},{"text":"follow","start":1682.292,"end":1682.763},{"text":"those","start":1682.796,"end":1682.926},{"text":"policies","start":1683.039,"end":1683.494},{"text":"in","start":1683.689,"end":1683.738},{"text":"their","start":1683.77,"end":1683.932},{"text":"own","start":1683.932,"end":1684.062},{"text":"domestic","start":1684.907,"end":1685.345},{"text":"arena.","start":1685.784,"end":1686.206}]},{"text":"Double standards in human rights effectively undermine human rights both at home and abroad.","start":1688.09,"end":1694.2,"topics":[{"key":"democratic-backsliding","label":"Democratic Backsliding and Suppression of Dissent","description":"Another recurring topic was the use of criminal, security, counter-terrorism, and related laws by states, including liberal democracies, to silence lawful speech and protest. Examples raised concerns about shrinking civic space, double standards, and the weakening of democratic norms."}],"words":[{"text":"Double","start":1688.09,"end":1688.187},{"text":"standards","start":1688.187,"end":1688.608},{"text":"in","start":1688.608,"end":1688.689},{"text":"human","start":1688.689,"end":1688.9},{"text":"rights","start":1688.997,"end":1689.289},{"text":"effectively","start":1691.526,"end":1692.06},{"text":"undermine","start":1692.093,"end":1692.466},{"text":"human","start":1692.547,"end":1692.741},{"text":"rights","start":1692.757,"end":1693.049},{"text":"both","start":1693.049,"end":1693.163},{"text":"at","start":1693.211,"end":1693.373},{"text":"home","start":1693.373,"end":1693.568},{"text":"and","start":1693.568,"end":1693.762},{"text":"abroad.","start":1693.811,"end":1694.2}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Irene Kahn","affiliation":"UN","affiliation_full":"UN","group":null,"function":"Special Rapporteur on Freedom of Expression"}},{"statement_number":9,"paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you.","start":1699.852,"end":1700.194,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":1699.852,"end":1700.161},{"text":"you.","start":1700.161,"end":1700.194}]},{"text":"Any follow-up questions in the room before we move to those online?","start":1700.732,"end":1703.647,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Any","start":1700.732,"end":1700.911},{"text":"follow-up","start":1700.911,"end":1701.302},{"text":"questions","start":1701.302,"end":1701.774},{"text":"in","start":1701.806,"end":1701.855},{"text":"the","start":1701.953,"end":1702.034},{"text":"room","start":1702.116,"end":1702.262},{"text":"before","start":1702.295,"end":1702.604},{"text":"we","start":1702.604,"end":1702.686},{"text":"move","start":1702.686,"end":1702.946},{"text":"to","start":1702.946,"end":1703.077},{"text":"those","start":1703.093,"end":1703.239},{"text":"online?","start":1703.272,"end":1703.647}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"Yes, please.","start":1707.674,"end":1708.125,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Yes,","start":1707.674,"end":1707.916},{"text":"please.","start":1707.98,"end":1708.125}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":null,"affiliation_full":null,"group":null,"function":"Moderator"}},{"statement_number":10,"paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Oh, sorry, another follow-up question.","start":1710.01,"end":1712.394,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Oh,","start":1710.01,"end":1710.026},{"text":"sorry,","start":1710.348,"end":1710.59},{"text":"another","start":1710.896,"end":1711.443},{"text":"follow-up","start":1711.46,"end":1711.927},{"text":"question.","start":1711.927,"end":1712.394}]},{"text":"Um, in your report, you, you addressed this, uh, you know, wave of governments introducing social media bans for children and teenagers under 16, um, with the G7 last, uh, this week also adopting a statement on protecting children online.","start":1712.652,"end":1726.263,"topics":[{"key":"childrens-online-rights","label":"Children's Online Rights","description":"The discussion highlighted the tension between protecting children online and preserving their rights to access information and express themselves. Blanket social media bans for those under 16 were criticized as ineffective, with speakers arguing that governments should instead require safer platform design and stronger corporate due diligence."}],"words":[{"text":"Um,","start":1712.652,"end":1712.925},{"text":"in","start":1713.232,"end":1713.328},{"text":"your","start":1713.328,"end":1713.441},{"text":"report,","start":1713.457,"end":1713.86},{"text":"you,","start":1713.876,"end":1714.053},{"text":"you","start":1714.52,"end":1714.665},{"text":"addressed","start":1714.665,"end":1715.004},{"text":"this,","start":1715.004,"end":1715.116},{"text":"uh,","start":1715.31,"end":1715.326},{"text":"you","start":1715.567,"end":1715.664},{"text":"know,","start":1715.664,"end":1715.745},{"text":"wave","start":1715.809,"end":1716.067},{"text":"of","start":1716.067,"end":1716.147},{"text":"governments","start":1716.18,"end":1716.615},{"text":"introducing","start":1716.615,"end":1717.148},{"text":"social","start":1717.18,"end":1717.551},{"text":"media","start":1717.567,"end":1717.906},{"text":"bans","start":1717.906,"end":1718.294},{"text":"for","start":1718.294,"end":1718.374},{"text":"children","start":1718.374,"end":1718.842},{"text":"and","start":1719.181,"end":1719.488},{"text":"teenagers","start":1719.585,"end":1720.085},{"text":"under","start":1720.085,"end":1720.311},{"text":"16,","start":1720.311,"end":1720.827},{"text":"um,","start":1721.683,"end":1721.908},{"text":"with","start":1722.102,"end":1722.247},{"text":"the","start":1722.247,"end":1722.328},{"text":"G7","start":1722.328,"end":1722.748},{"text":"last,","start":1722.748,"end":1722.99},{"text":"uh,","start":1723.135,"end":1723.248},{"text":"this","start":1723.377,"end":1723.538},{"text":"week","start":1723.538,"end":1723.716},{"text":"also","start":1723.716,"end":1723.877},{"text":"adopting","start":1723.877,"end":1724.313},{"text":"a","start":1724.361,"end":1724.378},{"text":"statement","start":1724.378,"end":1724.878},{"text":"on","start":1724.991,"end":1725.039},{"text":"protecting","start":1725.168,"end":1725.572},{"text":"children","start":1725.572,"end":1725.861},{"text":"online.","start":1725.893,"end":1726.263}]},{"text":"I mean, what concerns does this, uh, pose regarding children's rights to freedom of expression?","start":1726.376,"end":1731.008,"topics":[{"key":"childrens-online-rights","label":"Children's Online Rights","description":"The discussion highlighted the tension between protecting children online and preserving their rights to access information and express themselves. Blanket social media bans for those under 16 were criticized as ineffective, with speakers arguing that governments should instead require safer platform design and stronger corporate due diligence."}],"words":[{"text":"I","start":1726.376,"end":1726.392},{"text":"mean,","start":1726.392,"end":1726.504},{"text":"what","start":1726.521,"end":1726.649},{"text":"concerns","start":1726.697,"end":1727.148},{"text":"does","start":1727.244,"end":1727.389},{"text":"this,","start":1727.502,"end":1727.63},{"text":"uh,","start":1727.888,"end":1728.064},{"text":"pose","start":1728.29,"end":1728.515},{"text":"regarding","start":1728.611,"end":1728.997},{"text":"children's","start":1729.11,"end":1729.496},{"text":"rights","start":1729.496,"end":1729.753},{"text":"to","start":1729.753,"end":1729.85},{"text":"freedom","start":1729.898,"end":1730.203},{"text":"of","start":1730.236,"end":1730.332},{"text":"expression?","start":1730.332,"end":1731.008}]},{"text":"And, uh, does this in a sense, lets companies off the hook.","start":1731.828,"end":1735.785,"topics":[{"key":"childrens-online-rights","label":"Children's Online Rights","description":"The discussion highlighted the tension between protecting children online and preserving their rights to access information and express themselves. Blanket social media bans for those under 16 were criticized as ineffective, with speakers arguing that governments should instead require safer platform design and stronger corporate due diligence."},{"key":"big-tech-power","label":"Big Tech Power and Accountability","description":"A major theme was the concentration of power in a small number of digital companies that shape the rights of billions with limited oversight. The debate emphasized independent regulation, reducing monopolies, and making companies answer for human rights harms rather than allowing profit to dominate public interest."}],"words":[{"text":"And,","start":1731.828,"end":1732.021},{"text":"uh,","start":1732.31,"end":1732.326},{"text":"does","start":1732.728,"end":1732.937},{"text":"this","start":1733.034,"end":1733.307},{"text":"in","start":1733.616,"end":1733.664},{"text":"a","start":1733.713,"end":1733.729},{"text":"sense,","start":1733.729,"end":1734.114},{"text":"lets","start":1734.195,"end":1734.628},{"text":"companies","start":1734.757,"end":1735.126},{"text":"off","start":1735.223,"end":1735.319},{"text":"the","start":1735.319,"end":1735.4},{"text":"hook.","start":1735.464,"end":1735.785}]},{"text":"I mean, we should be seeking ways to ensure that companies uphold those— their obligations to human rights.","start":1736.042,"end":1743.689,"topics":[{"key":"big-tech-power","label":"Big Tech Power and Accountability","description":"A major theme was the concentration of power in a small number of digital companies that shape the rights of billions with limited oversight. The debate emphasized independent regulation, reducing monopolies, and making companies answer for human rights harms rather than allowing profit to dominate public interest."}],"words":[{"text":"I","start":1736.042,"end":1736.106},{"text":"mean,","start":1736.106,"end":1736.219},{"text":"we","start":1736.267,"end":1736.347},{"text":"should","start":1736.347,"end":1736.524},{"text":"be","start":1736.604,"end":1736.845},{"text":"seeking","start":1739.4,"end":1739.705},{"text":"ways","start":1739.737,"end":1740.026},{"text":"to","start":1740.219,"end":1740.3},{"text":"ensure","start":1740.3,"end":1740.621},{"text":"that","start":1740.621,"end":1740.701},{"text":"companies","start":1740.701,"end":1741.151},{"text":"uphold","start":1741.263,"end":1741.633},{"text":"those—","start":1741.665,"end":1741.874},{"text":"their","start":1742.372,"end":1742.484},{"text":"obligations","start":1742.549,"end":1743.111},{"text":"to","start":1743.111,"end":1743.24},{"text":"human","start":1743.24,"end":1743.368},{"text":"rights.","start":1743.416,"end":1743.689}]},{"text":"Thank you.","start":1744.22,"end":1744.493,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":1744.22,"end":1744.461},{"text":"you.","start":1744.461,"end":1744.493}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Kazmira Jafford","affiliation":"Geneva Solutions","affiliation_full":"Geneva Solutions","group":null,"function":"Journalist"}},{"statement_number":11,"paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Very much for raising the issue of protection of children and children's freedom of expression.","start":1746.309,"end":1751.82,"topics":[{"key":"childrens-online-rights","label":"Children's Online Rights","description":"The discussion highlighted the tension between protecting children online and preserving their rights to access information and express themselves. Blanket social media bans for those under 16 were criticized as ineffective, with speakers arguing that governments should instead require safer platform design and stronger corporate due diligence."}],"words":[{"text":"Very","start":1746.309,"end":1746.967},{"text":"much","start":1746.967,"end":1747.176},{"text":"for","start":1747.289,"end":1747.482},{"text":"raising","start":1747.594,"end":1747.9},{"text":"the","start":1747.996,"end":1748.092},{"text":"issue","start":1748.092,"end":1748.366},{"text":"of","start":1748.494,"end":1748.59},{"text":"protection","start":1748.639,"end":1749.201},{"text":"of","start":1749.201,"end":1749.346},{"text":"children","start":1749.378,"end":1749.796},{"text":"and","start":1750.326,"end":1750.583},{"text":"children's","start":1750.583,"end":1750.953},{"text":"freedom","start":1750.953,"end":1751.226},{"text":"of","start":1751.226,"end":1751.306},{"text":"expression.","start":1751.306,"end":1751.82}]},{"text":"On the 2nd of June, I, together with the regional special rapporteurs of the American the Inter-American System, of the OSCE, and the African Union issued a joint statement about precisely this area about protecting children.","start":1752.335,"end":1770.397,"topics":[{"key":"childrens-online-rights","label":"Children's Online Rights","description":"The discussion highlighted the tension between protecting children online and preserving their rights to access information and express themselves. Blanket social media bans for those under 16 were criticized as ineffective, with speakers arguing that governments should instead require safer platform design and stronger corporate due diligence."},{"key":"multilateral-cooperation","label":"Multilateral Cooperation on Human Rights","description":"Several statements addressed the erosion of international law and the need for stronger coalitions to defend freedom of expression. The call was for multi-stakeholder and multilateral cooperation that keeps human rights at the center of technology governance rather than letting expression become a geopolitical bargaining tool."}],"words":[{"text":"On","start":1752.335,"end":1752.399},{"text":"the","start":1752.56,"end":1752.608},{"text":"2nd","start":1752.608,"end":1753.141},{"text":"of","start":1753.141,"end":1753.205},{"text":"June,","start":1753.302,"end":1753.77},{"text":"I,","start":1754.352,"end":1754.4},{"text":"together","start":1754.626,"end":1755.062},{"text":"with","start":1755.24,"end":1755.514},{"text":"the","start":1755.579,"end":1755.66},{"text":"regional","start":1755.886,"end":1756.354},{"text":"special","start":1756.871,"end":1757.258},{"text":"rapporteurs","start":1757.258,"end":1757.807},{"text":"of","start":1758.308,"end":1758.453},{"text":"the","start":1758.566,"end":1758.792},{"text":"American","start":1758.792,"end":1759.212},{"text":"the","start":1759.24,"end":1759.272},{"text":"Inter-American","start":1759.272,"end":1759.817},{"text":"System,","start":1759.817,"end":1760.203},{"text":"of","start":1761.262,"end":1761.487},{"text":"the","start":1761.599,"end":1761.744},{"text":"OSCE,","start":1761.824,"end":1761.953},{"text":"and","start":1762.948,"end":1763.012},{"text":"the","start":1763.044,"end":1763.173},{"text":"African","start":1763.189,"end":1763.606},{"text":"Union","start":1763.606,"end":1763.975},{"text":"issued","start":1764.312,"end":1764.633},{"text":"a","start":1764.633,"end":1764.65},{"text":"joint","start":1764.714,"end":1765.115},{"text":"statement","start":1765.115,"end":1765.854},{"text":"about","start":1766.175,"end":1766.865},{"text":"precisely","start":1767.009,"end":1767.716},{"text":"this","start":1767.716,"end":1768.005},{"text":"area","start":1768.085,"end":1768.438},{"text":"about","start":1768.438,"end":1768.807},{"text":"protecting","start":1768.807,"end":1769.273},{"text":"children.","start":1769.947,"end":1770.397}]},{"text":"Now, the response, unfortunately, that we see around the world in many governments— the UK has recently announced it, Australia has already put it into place, several of the European member states are considering it, and the European Union itself is considering it— is about a social media ban.","start":1770.975,"end":1786.129,"topics":[{"key":"childrens-online-rights","label":"Children's Online Rights","description":"The discussion highlighted the tension between protecting children online and preserving their rights to access information and express themselves. Blanket social media bans for those under 16 were criticized as ineffective, with speakers arguing that governments should instead require safer platform design and stronger corporate due diligence."},{"key":"democratic-backsliding","label":"Democratic Backsliding and Suppression of Dissent","description":"Another recurring topic was the use of criminal, security, counter-terrorism, and related laws by states, including liberal democracies, to silence lawful speech and protest. Examples raised concerns about shrinking civic space, double standards, and the weakening of democratic norms."}],"words":[{"text":"Now,","start":1770.975,"end":1771.103},{"text":"the","start":1771.553,"end":1771.617},{"text":"response,","start":1771.617,"end":1772.147},{"text":"unfortunately,","start":1772.355,"end":1773.013},{"text":"that","start":1773.062,"end":1773.222},{"text":"we","start":1773.222,"end":1773.302},{"text":"see","start":1773.302,"end":1773.495},{"text":"around","start":1773.559,"end":1773.848},{"text":"the","start":1774.346,"end":1774.426},{"text":"world","start":1774.426,"end":1774.683},{"text":"in","start":1774.683,"end":1774.763},{"text":"many","start":1774.763,"end":1774.972},{"text":"governments—","start":1774.988,"end":1775.341},{"text":"the","start":1775.727,"end":1776.032},{"text":"UK","start":1776.032,"end":1776.529},{"text":"has","start":1776.529,"end":1776.658},{"text":"recently","start":1777.091,"end":1777.492},{"text":"announced","start":1777.492,"end":1777.91},{"text":"it,","start":1777.91,"end":1778.022},{"text":"Australia","start":1778.07,"end":1778.68},{"text":"has","start":1778.68,"end":1778.745},{"text":"already","start":1778.841,"end":1779.258},{"text":"put","start":1779.323,"end":1779.499},{"text":"it","start":1779.499,"end":1779.579},{"text":"into","start":1779.579,"end":1779.772},{"text":"place,","start":1779.82,"end":1780.125},{"text":"several","start":1780.623,"end":1780.944},{"text":"of","start":1780.944,"end":1781.024},{"text":"the","start":1781.024,"end":1781.088},{"text":"European","start":1781.104,"end":1781.426},{"text":"member","start":1781.49,"end":1781.666},{"text":"states","start":1781.666,"end":1781.971},{"text":"are","start":1781.971,"end":1782.052},{"text":"considering","start":1782.052,"end":1782.437},{"text":"it,","start":1782.469,"end":1782.549},{"text":"and","start":1782.565,"end":1782.694},{"text":"the","start":1782.694,"end":1782.774},{"text":"European","start":1782.774,"end":1783.111},{"text":"Union","start":1783.111,"end":1783.384},{"text":"itself","start":1783.432,"end":1783.753},{"text":"is","start":1783.753,"end":1783.801},{"text":"considering","start":1783.898,"end":1784.283},{"text":"it—","start":1784.395,"end":1784.476},{"text":"is","start":1784.797,"end":1784.861},{"text":"about","start":1784.893,"end":1785.134},{"text":"a","start":1785.134,"end":1785.198},{"text":"social","start":1785.198,"end":1785.583},{"text":"media","start":1785.583,"end":1785.921},{"text":"ban.","start":1785.921,"end":1786.129}]},{"text":"For children below the age of 16.","start":1786.547,"end":1789.903,"topics":[{"key":"childrens-online-rights","label":"Children's Online Rights","description":"The discussion highlighted the tension between protecting children online and preserving their rights to access information and express themselves. Blanket social media bans for those under 16 were criticized as ineffective, with speakers arguing that governments should instead require safer platform design and stronger corporate due diligence."}],"words":[{"text":"For","start":1786.547,"end":1786.82},{"text":"children","start":1788.072,"end":1788.297},{"text":"below","start":1788.891,"end":1789.052},{"text":"the","start":1789.052,"end":1789.132},{"text":"age","start":1789.132,"end":1789.308},{"text":"of","start":1789.308,"end":1789.357},{"text":"16.","start":1789.373,"end":1789.903}]},{"text":"We don't think it's effective for teenagers.","start":1790.882,"end":1793.515,"topics":[{"key":"childrens-online-rights","label":"Children's Online Rights","description":"The discussion highlighted the tension between protecting children online and preserving their rights to access information and express themselves. Blanket social media bans for those under 16 were criticized as ineffective, with speakers arguing that governments should instead require safer platform design and stronger corporate due diligence."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":1790.882,"end":1791.043},{"text":"don't","start":1791.043,"end":1791.283},{"text":"think","start":1791.283,"end":1791.46},{"text":"it's","start":1791.46,"end":1791.556},{"text":"effective","start":1791.556,"end":1792.07},{"text":"for","start":1792.728,"end":1792.825},{"text":"teenagers.","start":1792.825,"end":1793.515}]},{"text":"Anyone who's had a teenage child will know that this kind of ban doesn't work.","start":1794.591,"end":1798.926,"topics":[{"key":"childrens-online-rights","label":"Children's Online Rights","description":"The discussion highlighted the tension between protecting children online and preserving their rights to access information and express themselves. Blanket social media bans for those under 16 were criticized as ineffective, with speakers arguing that governments should instead require safer platform design and stronger corporate due diligence."}],"words":[{"text":"Anyone","start":1794.591,"end":1794.864},{"text":"who's","start":1794.912,"end":1795.073},{"text":"had","start":1795.073,"end":1795.298},{"text":"a","start":1795.298,"end":1795.314},{"text":"teenage","start":1795.635,"end":1795.924},{"text":"child","start":1795.956,"end":1796.373},{"text":"will","start":1796.422,"end":1796.582},{"text":"know","start":1796.582,"end":1796.759},{"text":"that","start":1796.759,"end":1796.919},{"text":"this","start":1796.919,"end":1797.144},{"text":"kind","start":1797.144,"end":1797.321},{"text":"of","start":1797.321,"end":1797.385},{"text":"ban","start":1797.401,"end":1797.674},{"text":"doesn't","start":1798.348,"end":1798.589},{"text":"work.","start":1798.589,"end":1798.926}]},{"text":"Didn't work when we were teenagers.","start":1799.312,"end":1800.596,"topics":[{"key":"childrens-online-rights","label":"Children's Online Rights","description":"The discussion highlighted the tension between protecting children online and preserving their rights to access information and express themselves. Blanket social media bans for those under 16 were criticized as ineffective, with speakers arguing that governments should instead require safer platform design and stronger corporate due diligence."}],"words":[{"text":"Didn't","start":1799.312,"end":1799.52},{"text":"work","start":1799.553,"end":1799.713},{"text":"when","start":1799.713,"end":1799.777},{"text":"we","start":1799.809,"end":1799.97},{"text":"were","start":1799.97,"end":1800.05},{"text":"teenagers.","start":1800.066,"end":1800.596}]},{"text":"It's not going to work now.","start":1800.998,"end":1801.849,"topics":[{"key":"childrens-online-rights","label":"Children's Online Rights","description":"The discussion highlighted the tension between protecting children online and preserving their rights to access information and express themselves. Blanket social media bans for those under 16 were criticized as ineffective, with speakers arguing that governments should instead require safer platform design and stronger corporate due diligence."}],"words":[{"text":"It's","start":1800.998,"end":1801.078},{"text":"not","start":1801.078,"end":1801.238},{"text":"going","start":1801.255,"end":1801.351},{"text":"to","start":1801.351,"end":1801.431},{"text":"work","start":1801.479,"end":1801.656},{"text":"now.","start":1801.656,"end":1801.849}]},{"text":"So I think one has to look at effective ways of addressing this.","start":1802.443,"end":1805.397,"topics":[{"key":"childrens-online-rights","label":"Children's Online Rights","description":"The discussion highlighted the tension between protecting children online and preserving their rights to access information and express themselves. Blanket social media bans for those under 16 were criticized as ineffective, with speakers arguing that governments should instead require safer platform design and stronger corporate due diligence."}],"words":[{"text":"So","start":1802.443,"end":1802.587},{"text":"I","start":1802.603,"end":1802.619},{"text":"think","start":1802.619,"end":1802.78},{"text":"one","start":1802.78,"end":1802.892},{"text":"has","start":1802.924,"end":1803.069},{"text":"to","start":1803.117,"end":1803.246},{"text":"look","start":1803.262,"end":1803.374},{"text":"at","start":1803.438,"end":1803.519},{"text":"effective","start":1803.519,"end":1804.193},{"text":"ways","start":1804.386,"end":1804.594},{"text":"of","start":1804.642,"end":1804.723},{"text":"addressing","start":1804.723,"end":1805.156},{"text":"this.","start":1805.253,"end":1805.397}]},{"text":"A blanket ban is not only not going to work, it's actually going to damage children, because it deprives them.","start":1806.232,"end":1813.073,"topics":[{"key":"childrens-online-rights","label":"Children's Online Rights","description":"The discussion highlighted the tension between protecting children online and preserving their rights to access information and express themselves. Blanket social media bans for those under 16 were criticized as ineffective, with speakers arguing that governments should instead require safer platform design and stronger corporate due diligence."}],"words":[{"text":"A","start":1806.232,"end":1806.248},{"text":"blanket","start":1806.393,"end":1806.842},{"text":"ban","start":1806.858,"end":1807.083},{"text":"is","start":1807.757,"end":1807.886},{"text":"not","start":1807.902,"end":1808.143},{"text":"only","start":1808.143,"end":1808.287},{"text":"not","start":1808.384,"end":1808.544},{"text":"going","start":1808.544,"end":1808.641},{"text":"to","start":1808.641,"end":1808.785},{"text":"work,","start":1808.801,"end":1809.138},{"text":"it's","start":1809.299,"end":1809.443},{"text":"actually","start":1809.508,"end":1809.7},{"text":"going","start":1809.7,"end":1809.845},{"text":"to","start":1809.845,"end":1809.973},{"text":"damage","start":1810.246,"end":1810.616},{"text":"children,","start":1810.953,"end":1811.322},{"text":"because","start":1811.74,"end":1812.061},{"text":"it","start":1812.238,"end":1812.334},{"text":"deprives","start":1812.334,"end":1812.913},{"text":"them.","start":1812.913,"end":1813.073}]},{"text":"This is the generation, this is the digital age generation.","start":1813.137,"end":1816.223,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":1813.137,"end":1813.266},{"text":"is","start":1813.379,"end":1813.427},{"text":"the","start":1813.523,"end":1813.603},{"text":"generation,","start":1813.603,"end":1814.278},{"text":"this","start":1814.423,"end":1814.6},{"text":"is","start":1814.6,"end":1814.712},{"text":"the","start":1814.728,"end":1814.809},{"text":"digital","start":1814.825,"end":1815.291},{"text":"age","start":1815.371,"end":1815.596},{"text":"generation.","start":1815.628,"end":1816.223}]},{"text":"You are pulling them out of the digital world, locking them up until they are 16, and then releasing them back into that world.","start":1816.576,"end":1822.955,"topics":[{"key":"childrens-online-rights","label":"Children's Online Rights","description":"The discussion highlighted the tension between protecting children online and preserving their rights to access information and express themselves. Blanket social media bans for those under 16 were criticized as ineffective, with speakers arguing that governments should instead require safer platform design and stronger corporate due diligence."}],"words":[{"text":"You","start":1816.576,"end":1816.64},{"text":"are","start":1816.657,"end":1816.737},{"text":"pulling","start":1816.737,"end":1817.042},{"text":"them","start":1817.139,"end":1817.251},{"text":"out","start":1817.299,"end":1817.54},{"text":"of","start":1817.54,"end":1817.637},{"text":"the","start":1817.637,"end":1817.717},{"text":"digital","start":1817.717,"end":1818.167},{"text":"world,","start":1818.183,"end":1818.488},{"text":"locking","start":1818.922,"end":1819.211},{"text":"them","start":1819.244,"end":1819.388},{"text":"up","start":1819.469,"end":1819.71},{"text":"until","start":1820.047,"end":1820.288},{"text":"they","start":1820.288,"end":1820.368},{"text":"are","start":1820.368,"end":1820.401},{"text":"16,","start":1820.401,"end":1820.834},{"text":"and","start":1820.85,"end":1820.995},{"text":"then","start":1820.995,"end":1821.059},{"text":"releasing","start":1821.156,"end":1821.541},{"text":"them","start":1821.654,"end":1821.815},{"text":"back","start":1821.879,"end":1822.072},{"text":"into","start":1822.216,"end":1822.393},{"text":"that","start":1822.441,"end":1822.682},{"text":"world.","start":1822.682,"end":1822.955}]},{"text":"That is not the way to deal with digital technology.","start":1823.566,"end":1826.041,"topics":[{"key":"childrens-online-rights","label":"Children's Online Rights","description":"The discussion highlighted the tension between protecting children online and preserving their rights to access information and express themselves. Blanket social media bans for those under 16 were criticized as ineffective, with speakers arguing that governments should instead require safer platform design and stronger corporate due diligence."}],"words":[{"text":"That","start":1823.566,"end":1823.823},{"text":"is","start":1823.839,"end":1823.936},{"text":"not","start":1823.984,"end":1824.241},{"text":"the","start":1824.289,"end":1824.353},{"text":"way","start":1824.37,"end":1824.466},{"text":"to","start":1824.691,"end":1824.787},{"text":"deal","start":1824.787,"end":1825.028},{"text":"with","start":1825.028,"end":1825.141},{"text":"digital","start":1825.173,"end":1825.478},{"text":"technology.","start":1825.575,"end":1826.041}]},{"text":"The real issue is not about children being pulled out of social media, but social media companies being compelled to ensure that these spaces are safe for children.","start":1826.876,"end":1838.766,"topics":[{"key":"childrens-online-rights","label":"Children's Online Rights","description":"The discussion highlighted the tension between protecting children online and preserving their rights to access information and express themselves. Blanket social media bans for those under 16 were criticized as ineffective, with speakers arguing that governments should instead require safer platform design and stronger corporate due diligence."},{"key":"big-tech-power","label":"Big Tech Power and Accountability","description":"A major theme was the concentration of power in a small number of digital companies that shape the rights of billions with limited oversight. The debate emphasized independent regulation, reducing monopolies, and making companies answer for human rights harms rather than allowing profit to dominate public interest."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1826.876,"end":1826.973},{"text":"real","start":1826.973,"end":1827.503},{"text":"issue","start":1827.503,"end":1827.84},{"text":"is","start":1827.84,"end":1828.049},{"text":"not","start":1829.029,"end":1829.367},{"text":"about","start":1829.367,"end":1829.688},{"text":"children","start":1829.688,"end":1830.122},{"text":"being","start":1830.411,"end":1830.54},{"text":"pulled","start":1830.572,"end":1830.958},{"text":"out","start":1830.958,"end":1831.151},{"text":"of","start":1831.151,"end":1831.215},{"text":"social","start":1831.215,"end":1831.649},{"text":"media,","start":1831.697,"end":1832.083},{"text":"but","start":1832.484,"end":1832.597},{"text":"social","start":1832.661,"end":1833.159},{"text":"media","start":1833.159,"end":1833.705},{"text":"companies","start":1833.705,"end":1834.316},{"text":"being","start":1834.509,"end":1834.637},{"text":"compelled","start":1834.75,"end":1835.521},{"text":"to","start":1835.569,"end":1835.698},{"text":"ensure","start":1835.698,"end":1836.164},{"text":"that","start":1836.678,"end":1836.903},{"text":"these","start":1836.903,"end":1837.016},{"text":"spaces","start":1837.016,"end":1837.45},{"text":"are","start":1837.546,"end":1837.578},{"text":"safe","start":1837.578,"end":1837.947},{"text":"for","start":1838.204,"end":1838.365},{"text":"children.","start":1838.365,"end":1838.766}]},{"text":"And therefore, that is where the government should be focusing on.","start":1839.248,"end":1841.945,"topics":[{"key":"childrens-online-rights","label":"Children's Online Rights","description":"The discussion highlighted the tension between protecting children online and preserving their rights to access information and express themselves. Blanket social media bans for those under 16 were criticized as ineffective, with speakers arguing that governments should instead require safer platform design and stronger corporate due diligence."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":1839.248,"end":1839.312},{"text":"therefore,","start":1839.408,"end":1839.922},{"text":"that","start":1840.035,"end":1840.307},{"text":"is","start":1840.307,"end":1840.42},{"text":"where","start":1840.452,"end":1840.613},{"text":"the","start":1840.613,"end":1840.757},{"text":"government","start":1840.757,"end":1841.078},{"text":"should","start":1841.078,"end":1841.207},{"text":"be","start":1841.239,"end":1841.319},{"text":"focusing","start":1841.319,"end":1841.785},{"text":"on.","start":1841.881,"end":1841.945}]},{"text":"They shouldn't— they need to take up the hard end of this problem, dealing with these companies rather than pocketing the revenue from these companies and then depriving children of access to information, to the main source of information in these days, this day and age.","start":1842.218,"end":1859.173,"topics":[{"key":"childrens-online-rights","label":"Children's Online Rights","description":"The discussion highlighted the tension between protecting children online and preserving their rights to access information and express themselves. Blanket social media bans for those under 16 were criticized as ineffective, with speakers arguing that governments should instead require safer platform design and stronger corporate due diligence."},{"key":"big-tech-power","label":"Big Tech Power and Accountability","description":"A major theme was the concentration of power in a small number of digital companies that shape the rights of billions with limited oversight. The debate emphasized independent regulation, reducing monopolies, and making companies answer for human rights harms rather than allowing profit to dominate public interest."}],"words":[{"text":"They","start":1842.218,"end":1842.298},{"text":"shouldn't—","start":1842.298,"end":1842.604},{"text":"they","start":1842.7,"end":1842.796},{"text":"need","start":1842.796,"end":1843.021},{"text":"to","start":1843.021,"end":1843.165},{"text":"take","start":1843.165,"end":1844},{"text":"up","start":1844.049,"end":1844.097},{"text":"the","start":1844.225,"end":1844.289},{"text":"hard","start":1844.611,"end":1844.916},{"text":"end","start":1845.012,"end":1845.205},{"text":"of","start":1845.205,"end":1845.285},{"text":"this","start":1845.333,"end":1845.51},{"text":"problem,","start":1845.51,"end":1845.943},{"text":"dealing","start":1846.393,"end":1846.666},{"text":"with","start":1846.714,"end":1846.874},{"text":"these","start":1846.874,"end":1847.003},{"text":"companies","start":1847.099,"end":1847.645},{"text":"rather","start":1848.063,"end":1848.384},{"text":"than","start":1848.4,"end":1848.608},{"text":"pocketing","start":1848.625,"end":1849.09},{"text":"the","start":1849.443,"end":1849.524},{"text":"revenue","start":1849.588,"end":1849.973},{"text":"from","start":1849.989,"end":1850.102},{"text":"these","start":1850.15,"end":1850.294},{"text":"companies","start":1850.326,"end":1850.776},{"text":"and","start":1851.049,"end":1851.113},{"text":"then","start":1851.21,"end":1851.402},{"text":"depriving","start":1851.932,"end":1852.382},{"text":"children","start":1852.478,"end":1852.847},{"text":"of","start":1853.217,"end":1853.345},{"text":"access","start":1853.441,"end":1853.971},{"text":"to","start":1854.662,"end":1854.79},{"text":"information,","start":1854.822,"end":1855.416},{"text":"to","start":1855.689,"end":1855.753},{"text":"the","start":1855.769,"end":1855.834},{"text":"main","start":1855.834,"end":1856.026},{"text":"source","start":1856.026,"end":1856.46},{"text":"of","start":1856.749,"end":1856.845},{"text":"information","start":1856.845,"end":1857.343},{"text":"in","start":1857.552,"end":1857.6},{"text":"these","start":1857.632,"end":1857.841},{"text":"days,","start":1857.873,"end":1858.082},{"text":"this","start":1858.355,"end":1858.595},{"text":"day","start":1858.595,"end":1858.74},{"text":"and","start":1858.756,"end":1858.9},{"text":"age.","start":1858.9,"end":1859.173}]},{"text":"And companies themselves need to take the responsibilities very safe— very seriously to ensure how do you design products with human rights in mind right from the beginning.","start":1860.522,"end":1872.442,"topics":[{"key":"childrens-online-rights","label":"Children's Online Rights","description":"The discussion highlighted the tension between protecting children online and preserving their rights to access information and express themselves. Blanket social media bans for those under 16 were criticized as ineffective, with speakers arguing that governments should instead require safer platform design and stronger corporate due diligence."},{"key":"big-tech-power","label":"Big Tech Power and Accountability","description":"A major theme was the concentration of power in a small number of digital companies that shape the rights of billions with limited oversight. The debate emphasized independent regulation, reducing monopolies, and making companies answer for human rights harms rather than allowing profit to dominate public interest."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":1860.522,"end":1860.586},{"text":"companies","start":1860.683,"end":1861.132},{"text":"themselves","start":1861.164,"end":1861.742},{"text":"need","start":1861.742,"end":1861.887},{"text":"to","start":1861.887,"end":1862.031},{"text":"take","start":1862.031,"end":1862.352},{"text":"the","start":1862.352,"end":1862.385},{"text":"responsibilities","start":1862.385,"end":1863.171},{"text":"very","start":1863.22,"end":1863.414},{"text":"safe—","start":1863.414,"end":1863.834},{"text":"very","start":1864.401,"end":1864.627},{"text":"seriously","start":1864.627,"end":1865.323},{"text":"to","start":1865.857,"end":1866.003},{"text":"ensure","start":1866.003,"end":1866.44},{"text":"how","start":1866.877,"end":1866.974},{"text":"do","start":1867.378,"end":1867.524},{"text":"you","start":1867.524,"end":1867.653},{"text":"design","start":1868.106,"end":1868.56},{"text":"products","start":1868.673,"end":1869.32},{"text":"with","start":1869.644,"end":1869.806},{"text":"human","start":1869.806,"end":1870.081},{"text":"rights","start":1870.194,"end":1870.485},{"text":"in","start":1871.019,"end":1871.165},{"text":"mind","start":1871.165,"end":1871.472},{"text":"right","start":1871.65,"end":1871.893},{"text":"from","start":1871.893,"end":1872.071},{"text":"the","start":1872.071,"end":1872.12},{"text":"beginning.","start":1872.12,"end":1872.442}]},{"text":"How do you ensure that you've done your human rights due diligence when it comes to children?","start":1873.104,"end":1878.414,"topics":[{"key":"childrens-online-rights","label":"Children's Online Rights","description":"The discussion highlighted the tension between protecting children online and preserving their rights to access information and express themselves. Blanket social media bans for those under 16 were criticized as ineffective, with speakers arguing that governments should instead require safer platform design and stronger corporate due diligence."},{"key":"big-tech-power","label":"Big Tech Power and Accountability","description":"A major theme was the concentration of power in a small number of digital companies that shape the rights of billions with limited oversight. The debate emphasized independent regulation, reducing monopolies, and making companies answer for human rights harms rather than allowing profit to dominate public interest."}],"words":[{"text":"How","start":1873.104,"end":1873.201},{"text":"do","start":1873.443,"end":1873.54},{"text":"you","start":1873.54,"end":1873.669},{"text":"ensure","start":1873.701,"end":1874.363},{"text":"that","start":1874.395,"end":1874.557},{"text":"you've","start":1874.557,"end":1874.718},{"text":"done","start":1874.734,"end":1874.847},{"text":"your","start":1874.96,"end":1875.121},{"text":"human","start":1875.121,"end":1875.428},{"text":"rights","start":1875.444,"end":1875.783},{"text":"due","start":1875.928,"end":1876.074},{"text":"diligence","start":1876.106,"end":1876.671},{"text":"when","start":1876.994,"end":1877.058},{"text":"it","start":1877.09,"end":1877.236},{"text":"comes","start":1877.236,"end":1877.607},{"text":"to","start":1877.946,"end":1878.043},{"text":"children?","start":1878.043,"end":1878.414}]},{"text":"Children have a right to freedom of expression.","start":1878.833,"end":1881.174,"topics":[{"key":"childrens-online-rights","label":"Children's Online Rights","description":"The discussion highlighted the tension between protecting children online and preserving their rights to access information and express themselves. Blanket social media bans for those under 16 were criticized as ineffective, with speakers arguing that governments should instead require safer platform design and stronger corporate due diligence."}],"words":[{"text":"Children","start":1878.833,"end":1879.188},{"text":"have","start":1879.237,"end":1879.431},{"text":"a","start":1879.431,"end":1879.56},{"text":"right","start":1879.56,"end":1879.899},{"text":"to","start":1880.125,"end":1880.205},{"text":"freedom","start":1880.205,"end":1880.512},{"text":"of","start":1880.56,"end":1880.689},{"text":"expression.","start":1880.689,"end":1881.174}]},{"text":"Of course, that right takes into account the best interests of the child, the maturity of the child, the progressive majority the maturity of the child and the specificities of children, but you don't deprive them of the right and then fail to carry out your own obligation as a member state to ensure that people are safe from corporate actors when it comes to their human rights.","start":1881.27,"end":1908.593,"topics":[{"key":"childrens-online-rights","label":"Children's Online Rights","description":"The discussion highlighted the tension between protecting children online and preserving their rights to access information and express themselves. Blanket social media bans for those under 16 were criticized as ineffective, with speakers arguing that governments should instead require safer platform design and stronger corporate due diligence."},{"key":"big-tech-power","label":"Big Tech Power and Accountability","description":"A major theme was the concentration of power in a small number of digital companies that shape the rights of billions with limited oversight. The debate emphasized independent regulation, reducing monopolies, and making companies answer for human rights harms rather than allowing profit to dominate public interest."}],"words":[{"text":"Of","start":1881.27,"end":1881.4},{"text":"course,","start":1881.4,"end":1881.577},{"text":"that","start":1881.593,"end":1881.755},{"text":"right","start":1881.755,"end":1882.078},{"text":"takes","start":1884.017,"end":1884.275},{"text":"into","start":1884.275,"end":1884.437},{"text":"account","start":1884.437,"end":1884.776},{"text":"the","start":1884.825,"end":1884.906},{"text":"best","start":1884.906,"end":1885.148},{"text":"interests","start":1885.148,"end":1885.455},{"text":"of","start":1885.455,"end":1885.536},{"text":"the","start":1885.536,"end":1885.584},{"text":"child,","start":1885.633,"end":1886.085},{"text":"the","start":1886.44,"end":1886.521},{"text":"maturity","start":1886.521,"end":1887.216},{"text":"of","start":1887.232,"end":1887.281},{"text":"the","start":1887.329,"end":1887.41},{"text":"child,","start":1887.474,"end":1888.024},{"text":"the","start":1888.218,"end":1888.622},{"text":"progressive","start":1888.783,"end":1889.203},{"text":"majority","start":1889.203,"end":1889.64},{"text":"the","start":1889.65,"end":1889.682},{"text":"maturity","start":1889.714,"end":1890.167},{"text":"of","start":1890.167,"end":1890.264},{"text":"the","start":1890.264,"end":1890.393},{"text":"child","start":1890.393,"end":1890.781},{"text":"and","start":1891.121,"end":1891.202},{"text":"the","start":1891.202,"end":1891.234},{"text":"specificities","start":1891.234,"end":1891.994},{"text":"of","start":1892.026,"end":1892.156},{"text":"children,","start":1892.188,"end":1892.56},{"text":"but","start":1893.077,"end":1893.32},{"text":"you","start":1893.627,"end":1893.724},{"text":"don't","start":1893.724,"end":1894.031},{"text":"deprive","start":1894.031,"end":1894.42},{"text":"them","start":1894.452,"end":1894.549},{"text":"of","start":1894.597,"end":1894.662},{"text":"the","start":1894.694,"end":1894.775},{"text":"right","start":1894.775,"end":1895.244},{"text":"and","start":1895.729,"end":1895.81},{"text":"then","start":1895.988,"end":1896.182},{"text":"fail","start":1896.619,"end":1896.926},{"text":"to","start":1896.958,"end":1897.039},{"text":"carry","start":1897.039,"end":1897.33},{"text":"out","start":1897.362,"end":1897.524},{"text":"your","start":1897.524,"end":1897.686},{"text":"own","start":1897.831,"end":1897.944},{"text":"obligation","start":1897.993,"end":1898.624},{"text":"as","start":1898.979,"end":1899.028},{"text":"a","start":1899.06,"end":1899.19},{"text":"member","start":1899.19,"end":1899.318},{"text":"state","start":1899.318,"end":1899.753},{"text":"to","start":1900.043,"end":1900.156},{"text":"ensure","start":1900.172,"end":1900.623},{"text":"that","start":1901.3,"end":1901.638},{"text":"people","start":1902.041,"end":1902.379},{"text":"are","start":1902.508,"end":1902.556},{"text":"safe","start":1902.556,"end":1903.088},{"text":"from","start":1904.296,"end":1904.506},{"text":"corporate","start":1904.618,"end":1905.166},{"text":"actors","start":1905.907,"end":1906.197},{"text":"when","start":1907.341,"end":1907.405},{"text":"it","start":1907.582,"end":1907.647},{"text":"comes","start":1907.743,"end":1907.921},{"text":"to","start":1907.985,"end":1908.05},{"text":"their","start":1908.05,"end":1908.099},{"text":"human","start":1908.099,"end":1908.33},{"text":"rights.","start":1908.33,"end":1908.593}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Irene Kahn","affiliation":"UN","affiliation_full":"UN","group":null,"function":"Special Rapporteur on Freedom of Expression"}},{"statement_number":12,"paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you.","start":1912.626,"end":1913.004,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":1912.626,"end":1912.888},{"text":"you.","start":1912.888,"end":1913.004}]},{"text":"Do we have any questions online?","start":1914.187,"end":1915.584,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Do","start":1914.187,"end":1914.302},{"text":"we","start":1914.368,"end":1914.532},{"text":"have","start":1914.532,"end":1914.696},{"text":"any","start":1914.696,"end":1914.861},{"text":"questions","start":1914.926,"end":1915.354},{"text":"online?","start":1915.354,"end":1915.584}]},{"text":"Or any other follow-up questions in the room?","start":1920.141,"end":1921.932,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Or","start":1920.141,"end":1920.238},{"text":"any","start":1920.287,"end":1920.417},{"text":"other","start":1920.466,"end":1920.629},{"text":"follow-up","start":1920.629,"end":1921.036},{"text":"questions","start":1921.036,"end":1921.492},{"text":"in","start":1921.525,"end":1921.574},{"text":"the","start":1921.606,"end":1921.769},{"text":"room?","start":1921.769,"end":1921.932}]},{"text":"Thank you very much.","start":1932.096,"end":1932.918,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":1932.096,"end":1932.322},{"text":"you","start":1932.322,"end":1932.402},{"text":"very","start":1932.402,"end":1932.596},{"text":"much.","start":1932.596,"end":1932.918}]},{"text":"If there are no further questions, we will now close this press conference.","start":1933.047,"end":1936.481,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"If","start":1933.047,"end":1933.096},{"text":"there","start":1933.16,"end":1933.305},{"text":"are","start":1933.305,"end":1933.402},{"text":"no","start":1933.402,"end":1933.547},{"text":"further","start":1933.547,"end":1933.934},{"text":"questions,","start":1933.934,"end":1934.563},{"text":"we","start":1934.82,"end":1934.998},{"text":"will","start":1934.998,"end":1935.095},{"text":"now","start":1935.095,"end":1935.272},{"text":"close","start":1935.32,"end":1935.627},{"text":"this","start":1935.627,"end":1935.788},{"text":"press","start":1935.788,"end":1935.917},{"text":"conference.","start":1936.03,"end":1936.481}]},{"text":"Thank you all for joining us, and thank you, Ms. Khan.","start":1936.61,"end":1938.915,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":1936.61,"end":1936.852},{"text":"you","start":1936.852,"end":1936.916},{"text":"all","start":1936.916,"end":1937.077},{"text":"for","start":1937.077,"end":1937.255},{"text":"joining","start":1937.255,"end":1937.545},{"text":"us,","start":1937.642,"end":1937.835},{"text":"and","start":1937.9,"end":1937.964},{"text":"thank","start":1938.141,"end":1938.367},{"text":"you,","start":1938.367,"end":1938.432},{"text":"Ms.","start":1938.448,"end":1938.609},{"text":"Khan.","start":1938.77,"end":1938.915}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":null,"affiliation_full":null,"group":null,"function":"Moderator"}}],"topics":[{"key":"big-tech-power","label":"Big Tech Power and Accountability","description":"A major theme was the concentration of power in a small number of digital companies that shape the rights of billions with limited oversight. The debate emphasized independent regulation, reducing monopolies, and making companies answer for human rights harms rather than allowing profit to dominate public interest."},{"key":"digital-freedom","label":"Digital Freedom of Expression","description":"The discussion focused on how digital platforms and AI are transforming freedom of expression while also enabling censorship, manipulation, hate, and disinformation. Speakers stressed that the online information environment is increasingly hostile to dissent, journalists, women, and the broader public."},{"key":"media-pluralism","label":"Media Pluralism and Public-Interest Information","description":"Participants stressed the importance of independent, diverse, and pluralistic media as a pillar of democracy and a public good. Concerns were raised about media deserts, the decline of independent journalism, and the need to invest in healthier information ecosystems."},{"key":"journalist-safety","label":"Safety of Journalists in Armed Conflict","description":"The proceedings repeatedly returned to the new guidelines on protecting journalists working in war zones. This included practical protection measures, responsibilities of states and armed actors, and the need to make safety standards usable on the ground."},{"key":"democratic-backsliding","label":"Democratic Backsliding and Suppression of Dissent","description":"Another recurring topic was the use of criminal, security, counter-terrorism, and related laws by states, including liberal democracies, to silence lawful speech and protest. Examples raised concerns about shrinking civic space, double standards, and the weakening of democratic norms."},{"key":"childrens-online-rights","label":"Children's Online Rights","description":"The discussion highlighted the tension between protecting children online and preserving their rights to access information and express themselves. Blanket social media bans for those under 16 were criticized as ineffective, with speakers arguing that governments should instead require safer platform design and stronger corporate due diligence."},{"key":"conflict-law-protections","label":"Legal Protections in Conflict","description":"Speakers examined how international humanitarian law and human rights law apply during armed conflict, especially to journalists. Key issues included clarifying that journalism is not espionage, defining civilian protection, and addressing when states wrongly justify attacks on reporters."},{"key":"multilateral-cooperation","label":"Multilateral Cooperation on Human Rights","description":"Several statements addressed the erosion of international law and the need for stronger coalitions to defend freedom of expression. The call was for multi-stakeholder and multilateral cooperation that keeps human rights at the center of technology governance rather than letting expression become a geopolitical bargaining tool."}]}}