{"disclaimer":"Transcripts available through this tool are created by using automatic speech recognition and are not official records nor official documents of the United Nations. Official records and official documents are available on the Official Document System of the United Nations.","url":"https://transcripts.un.org/ar/asset/k13/k13p0mkov5?lang=en","llms":{"note":"Plain-text sibling of this page, compact for LLM context. For the full API guide (search, listing, URL grammar) see /llms.txt.","textUrl":"/ar/asset/k13/k13p0mkov5.txt","guide":"/llms.txt"},"video":{"id":"k13/k13p0mkov5","kaltura_id":"1_3p0mkov5","title":"Understanding Past Realities of the Holocaust: Photography versus Art","clean_title":"Understanding Past Realities of the Holocaust: Photography versus Art","url":"https://webtv.un.org/en/asset/k13/k13p0mkov5","date":"2026-11-04T00:00:00.000Z","scheduled_time":"2026-11-04T16:30:00.000Z","status":"finished","duration":"01:31:45","category":"Meetings & Events","body":null,"event_code":null,"event_type":null,"session_number":null,"pv_symbol":null,"pv_part":null,"slug":"asset/k13/k13p0mkov5"},"metadata":{"summary":null,"description":null,"categories":[],"geographic_subject":[],"subject_topical":[],"corporate_name":[],"speaker_affiliation":[],"related_documents":[]},"transcript":{"transcript_id":"scheduled-4138764e-2001-4550-818d-84f45febfd20","language":"en","data":[{"statement_number":1,"start":915.69,"pageUrl":"/ar/asset/k13/k13p0mkov5?lang=en&t=15:16","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Yes, exactly.","start":915.69,"end":916.97,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Yes,","start":915.69,"end":915.81},{"text":"exactly.","start":916.65,"end":916.97}]},{"text":"Yes. Dear friends, could I ask everyone to kindly take their seats?","start":953.76,"end":961.36,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Yes.","start":953.76,"end":953.96},{"text":"Dear","start":956.88,"end":957.2},{"text":"friends,","start":957.2,"end":957.92},{"text":"could","start":958,"end":958.24},{"text":"I","start":958.24,"end":958.4},{"text":"ask","start":958.4,"end":958.84},{"text":"everyone","start":958.84,"end":959.36},{"text":"to","start":959.36,"end":959.48},{"text":"kindly","start":959.52,"end":960.08},{"text":"take","start":960.08,"end":960.48},{"text":"their","start":960.48,"end":960.72},{"text":"seats?","start":960.72,"end":961.36}]},{"text":"Dear friends, dear colleagues, if I could ask everyone to kindly take their seats.","start":964.11,"end":970.83,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Dear","start":964.11,"end":964.35},{"text":"friends,","start":964.35,"end":965.07},{"text":"dear","start":965.63,"end":965.87},{"text":"colleagues,","start":965.87,"end":966.71},{"text":"if","start":967.63,"end":967.87},{"text":"I","start":967.87,"end":967.95},{"text":"could","start":967.95,"end":968.19},{"text":"ask","start":968.19,"end":968.51},{"text":"everyone","start":968.51,"end":968.91},{"text":"to","start":968.91,"end":969.07},{"text":"kindly","start":969.07,"end":969.55},{"text":"take","start":969.55,"end":969.87},{"text":"their","start":969.87,"end":970.11},{"text":"seats.","start":970.11,"end":970.83}]},{"text":"Good morning, excellencies, colleagues, friends.","start":982.86,"end":986.46,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Good","start":982.86,"end":983.1},{"text":"morning,","start":983.1,"end":983.9},{"text":"excellencies,","start":983.98,"end":985.02},{"text":"colleagues,","start":985.02,"end":985.66},{"text":"friends.","start":985.66,"end":986.46}]},{"text":"My name is Jayashri Wyatt, and I am the Chief of Human Rights in the Department of Global 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event this morning is being recorded.","start":1003.59,"end":1006.15,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":1003.59,"end":1003.75},{"text":"our","start":1003.75,"end":1003.87},{"text":"event","start":1003.87,"end":1004.19},{"text":"this","start":1004.19,"end":1004.39},{"text":"morning","start":1004.39,"end":1004.87},{"text":"is","start":1004.87,"end":1005.11},{"text":"being","start":1005.11,"end":1005.35},{"text":"recorded.","start":1005.35,"end":1006.15}]},{"text":"Today's program is sponsored by the Permanent Mission of Germany to the United Nations and organized by the Holocaust and the United Nations Outreach Program, together with the Fritz Ascher Society for Persecuted, Ostracized, and Banned 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discussion is held in memory of the victims of the November pogrom of 1938, known euphemistically as Kristallnacht, or the Night of Broken Glass.","start":1023.35,"end":1035.83,"topics":[{"key":"november-pogrom-persecution","label":"November Pogrom and Nazi Persecution","description":"Speakers examined the November 1938 pogrom as a turning point in Nazi antisemitic persecution, involving organized violence, looting, destruction of synagogues, and mass 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the night of 9 to 10 November 1938, the Nazi regime orchestrated antisemitic violence across Germany, Austria, and the Sudetenland, targeting Jewish people and their homes, businesses, and synagogues.","start":1037.11,"end":1055.67,"topics":[{"key":"november-pogrom-persecution","label":"November Pogrom and Nazi Persecution","description":"Speakers examined the November 1938 pogrom as a turning point in Nazi antisemitic persecution, involving organized violence, looting, destruction of synagogues, and mass 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Jewish people sought to flee, often finding that other countries were unwilling to admit them.","start":1056.47,"end":1063.03,"topics":[{"key":"november-pogrom-persecution","label":"November Pogrom and Nazi Persecution","description":"Speakers examined the November 1938 pogrom as a turning point in Nazi antisemitic persecution, involving organized violence, looting, destruction of synagogues, and mass 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child.","start":1075.07,"end":1081.55,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":1075.07,"end":1075.23},{"text":"will","start":1075.23,"end":1075.39},{"text":"now","start":1075.39,"end":1075.71},{"text":"hear","start":1075.71,"end":1076.11},{"text":"from","start":1076.11,"end":1076.35},{"text":"Rabbi","start":1076.35,"end":1076.83},{"text":"Arthur","start":1076.83,"end":1077.27},{"text":"Schneier,","start":1077.27,"end":1077.95},{"text":"who","start":1077.95,"end":1078.19},{"text":"witnessed","start":1078.19,"end":1078.67},{"text":"the","start":1078.67,"end":1078.83},{"text":"program","start":1078.83,"end":1079.55},{"text":"in","start":1079.63,"end":1079.91},{"text":"Vienna","start":1079.91,"end":1080.51},{"text":"as","start":1080.59,"end":1080.79},{"text":"a","start":1080.79,"end":1080.83},{"text":"child.","start":1080.83,"end":1081.55}]},{"text":"How do you remember Kristallnacht, the November pogrom?","start":1113.47,"end":1116.83,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"How","start":1113.47,"end":1113.63},{"text":"do","start":1113.63,"end":1113.75},{"text":"you","start":1113.75,"end":1113.87},{"text":"remember","start":1113.87,"end":1114.67},{"text":"Kristallnacht,","start":1114.67,"end":1115.71},{"text":"the","start":1115.71,"end":1115.87},{"text":"November","start":1115.87,"end":1116.35},{"text":"pogrom?","start":1116.35,"end":1116.83}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"UN","group":null,"function":"Chief of Human Rights, Department of Global Communications; Moderator","affiliation_full":"UN"}},{"statement_number":2,"start":1117.47,"pageUrl":"/ar/asset/k13/k13p0mkov5?lang=en&t=18:38","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I remember this was Thursday night, during the night, plundering of Jewish apartments, the beating up of Jews, pulling many of the men out for further deportations to Dachau.","start":1117.47,"end":1139.47,"topics":[{"key":"november-pogrom-persecution","label":"November 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course.","start":1681.03,"end":1686.23,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"but","start":1681.03,"end":1681.19},{"text":"especially","start":1681.19,"end":1681.83},{"text":"around","start":1681.83,"end":1682.11},{"text":"these","start":1682.11,"end":1682.31},{"text":"important","start":1682.31,"end":1682.95},{"text":"anniversaries","start":1682.95,"end":1683.83},{"text":"in","start":1683.83,"end":1684.03},{"text":"November","start":1684.03,"end":1684.71},{"text":"and","start":1684.71,"end":1685.03},{"text":"January,","start":1685.19,"end":1685.75},{"text":"of","start":1685.75,"end":1685.87},{"text":"course.","start":1685.87,"end":1686.23}]},{"text":"And I'm glad to say that we have several more cooperations lined up in the two years to 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you very much.","start":1707.03,"end":1707.83,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":1707.03,"end":1707.23},{"text":"you","start":1707.23,"end":1707.31},{"text":"very","start":1707.31,"end":1707.51},{"text":"much.","start":1707.51,"end":1707.83}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"DEU","group":null,"function":"Deputy Permanent Representative to the UN","affiliation_full":"Germany"}},{"statement_number":7,"start":1713.15,"pageUrl":"/ar/asset/k13/k13p0mkov5?lang=en&t=28:34","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you very much indeed, Excellency.","start":1713.15,"end":1715.63,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":1713.15,"end":1713.39},{"text":"you","start":1713.39,"end":1713.47},{"text":"very","start":1713.47,"end":1713.79},{"text":"much","start":1713.79,"end":1714.07},{"text":"indeed,","start":1714.07,"end":1714.67},{"text":"Excellency.","start":1714.67,"end":1715.63}]},{"text":"It is now my pleasure to call on Ms. Melissa Fleming, United Nations Secretary General for 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And I would also like to acknowledge the beautiful, moving words of Rabbi Schneier, our friend, Ambassador Laudy, Ms. Stern, Dr. Perry, Dr. Kreuzmueller.","start":1725.39,"end":1738.35,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":1725.39,"end":1725.71},{"text":"you,","start":1725.71,"end":1725.83},{"text":"Jayashree.","start":1725.83,"end":1726.51},{"text":"And","start":1726.51,"end":1726.67},{"text":"I","start":1726.67,"end":1726.75},{"text":"would","start":1726.75,"end":1726.91},{"text":"also","start":1726.91,"end":1727.23},{"text":"like","start":1727.23,"end":1727.55},{"text":"to","start":1727.55,"end":1727.87},{"text":"acknowledge","start":1728.59,"end":1729.39},{"text":"the","start":1729.39,"end":1729.55},{"text":"beautiful,","start":1729.55,"end":1730.19},{"text":"moving","start":1730.51,"end":1730.99},{"text":"words","start":1730.99,"end":1731.31},{"text":"of","start":1731.31,"end":1731.39},{"text":"Rabbi","start":1731.39,"end":1731.79},{"text":"Schneier,","start":1731.79,"end":1732.43},{"text":"our","start":1732.43,"end":1732.59},{"text":"friend,","start":1732.59,"end":1733.07},{"text":"Ambassador","start":1733.99,"end":1734.67},{"text":"Laudy,","start":1734.67,"end":1735.27},{"text":"Ms.","start":1735.27,"end":1735.51},{"text":"Stern,","start":1735.51,"end":1735.95},{"text":"Dr.","start":1735.95,"end":1736.27},{"text":"Perry,","start":1736.27,"end":1736.67},{"text":"Dr.","start":1736.67,"end":1737.07},{"text":"Kreuzmueller.","start":1737.39,"end":1738.35}]},{"text":"Thank you for joining us, and Excellencies, dear colleagues, and friends, welcome to this event.","start":1739.19,"end":1745.19,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":1739.19,"end":1739.43},{"text":"you","start":1739.43,"end":1739.75},{"text":"for","start":1739.75,"end":1740.31},{"text":"joining","start":1740.47,"end":1741.03},{"text":"us,","start":1741.03,"end":1741.23},{"text":"and","start":1741.23,"end":1741.35},{"text":"Excellencies,","start":1741.35,"end":1742.11},{"text":"dear","start":1742.11,"end":1742.31},{"text":"colleagues,","start":1742.31,"end":1742.79},{"text":"and","start":1742.79,"end":1743.03},{"text":"friends,","start":1743.03,"end":1743.59},{"text":"welcome","start":1743.59,"end":1744.23},{"text":"to","start":1744.31,"end":1744.43},{"text":"this","start":1744.43,"end":1744.63},{"text":"event.","start":1744.63,"end":1745.19}]},{"text":"Thank you also to the Permanent Mission of Germany for sponsoring today's discussion.","start":1747.27,"end":1752.47,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":1747.27,"end":1747.51},{"text":"you","start":1747.51,"end":1747.83},{"text":"also","start":1748.07,"end":1748.47},{"text":"to","start":1748.47,"end":1748.59},{"text":"the","start":1748.59,"end":1748.71},{"text":"Permanent","start":1748.71,"end":1749.15},{"text":"Mission","start":1749.15,"end":1749.47},{"text":"of","start":1749.47,"end":1749.59},{"text":"Germany","start":1749.59,"end":1750.23},{"text":"for","start":1750.31,"end":1750.47},{"text":"sponsoring","start":1750.47,"end":1751.19},{"text":"today's","start":1751.19,"end":1751.75},{"text":"discussion.","start":1751.75,"end":1752.47}]},{"text":"The subtitle, \"Photography versus Art,\" frames the two mediums as rivals, but perhaps it's more useful to see them as complementary ways of understanding history.","start":1752.95,"end":1766.07,"topics":[{"key":"visual-historical-evidence","label":"Photography and Art as Historical Evidence","description":"Photographs and artworks were considered complementary historical sources rather than competing media or mere illustrations. 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arranged for his son to leave on the Kindertransport for London, which as movingly brought some 10,000 Jewish children to safety in Britain between 1938 and '39.","start":1927.47,"end":1943.71,"topics":[{"key":"bystanders-moral-responsibility","label":"Bystanders and Moral Responsibility","description":"Speakers examined the participation, complicity, and inaction of neighbors, institutions, and officials during persecution. 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co-organizer of today's discussion to deliver brief remarks.","start":2034.43,"end":2039.15,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"and","start":2034.43,"end":2034.67},{"text":"co-organizer","start":2034.67,"end":2035.79},{"text":"of","start":2035.79,"end":2036.03},{"text":"today's","start":2036.03,"end":2036.47},{"text":"discussion","start":2036.47,"end":2037.07},{"text":"to","start":2037.07,"end":2037.23},{"text":"deliver","start":2037.23,"end":2037.71},{"text":"brief","start":2037.71,"end":2038.03},{"text":"remarks.","start":2038.19,"end":2039.15}]},{"text":"Ms. Stern has organized numerous exhibitions in Europe and the United States, and has written and lectured extensively about Nazi-era persecuted artists, exile stories, and culture of 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Stern, the floor is yours.","start":2054.27,"end":2056.27,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Ms.","start":2054.27,"end":2054.55},{"text":"Stern,","start":2054.55,"end":2054.99},{"text":"the","start":2055.15,"end":2055.31},{"text":"floor","start":2055.31,"end":2055.67},{"text":"is","start":2055.67,"end":2055.79},{"text":"yours.","start":2055.79,"end":2056.27}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"UN","group":null,"function":"Chief of Human Rights, Department of Global Communications; Moderator","affiliation_full":"UN"}},{"statement_number":10,"start":2058.75,"pageUrl":"/ar/asset/k13/k13p0mkov5?lang=en&t=34:19","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Ms. Wyatt. Your Excellencies, Undersecretary General Melissa Fleming, Rabbi Schneier, and guests.","start":2058.75,"end":2066.47,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":2058.75,"end":2058.99},{"text":"you,","start":2058.99,"end":2059.07},{"text":"Ms.","start":2059.07,"end":2059.31},{"text":"Wyatt.","start":2059.31,"end":2059.79},{"text":"Your","start":2060.59,"end":2060.75},{"text":"Excellencies,","start":2060.75,"end":2061.71},{"text":"Undersecretary","start":2062.15,"end":2063.03},{"text":"General","start":2063.03,"end":2063.51},{"text":"Melissa","start":2063.51,"end":2063.91},{"text":"Fleming,","start":2063.91,"end":2064.55},{"text":"Rabbi","start":2064.83,"end":2065.11},{"text":"Schneier,","start":2065.11,"end":2065.75},{"text":"and","start":2065.79,"end":2065.99},{"text":"guests.","start":2065.99,"end":2066.47}]},{"text":"It is a great honor to welcome you here at the United Nations headquarters for Understanding Past Realities: Photography versus 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Speakers stressed examining their creators, purposes, contexts, and omissions to understand both events and victims’ experiences."}],"words":[{"text":"When","start":2152.95,"end":2153.19},{"text":"investigating","start":2153.19,"end":2154.03},{"text":"what","start":2154.03,"end":2154.23},{"text":"happened","start":2154.23,"end":2154.59},{"text":"during","start":2154.59,"end":2154.87},{"text":"the","start":2154.87,"end":2155.03},{"text":"November","start":2155.03,"end":2155.47},{"text":"Pogram,","start":2155.47,"end":2156.07},{"text":"written","start":2156.47,"end":2156.79},{"text":"records","start":2156.79,"end":2157.43},{"text":"are","start":2157.43,"end":2157.51},{"text":"treated","start":2157.51,"end":2157.99},{"text":"as","start":2157.99,"end":2158.15},{"text":"primary","start":2158.15,"end":2158.71},{"text":"resources.","start":2158.95,"end":2159.99}]},{"text":"Visual materials, however, are rarely considered sources at all.","start":2160.71,"end":2164.71,"topics":[{"key":"visual-historical-evidence","label":"Photography and Art as Historical Evidence","description":"Photographs and artworks were considered complementary historical sources rather than competing media or mere illustrations. 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regime.","start":2191.59,"end":2197.35,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":2191.59,"end":2191.79},{"text":"recover","start":2191.79,"end":2192.23},{"text":"the","start":2192.23,"end":2192.31},{"text":"lives","start":2192.31,"end":2192.75},{"text":"and","start":2192.75,"end":2192.87},{"text":"work","start":2192.87,"end":2193.19},{"text":"of","start":2193.23,"end":2193.35},{"text":"artists","start":2193.35,"end":2193.83},{"text":"who","start":2193.83,"end":2193.91},{"text":"were","start":2193.91,"end":2194.15},{"text":"marginalized","start":2194.15,"end":2194.99},{"text":"and","start":2195.03,"end":2195.19},{"text":"persecuted","start":2195.19,"end":2195.99},{"text":"under","start":2195.99,"end":2196.23},{"text":"the","start":2196.23,"end":2196.31},{"text":"Nazi","start":2196.31,"end":2196.79},{"text":"regime.","start":2196.79,"end":2197.35}]},{"text":"and who were killed or lucky enough to survive.","start":2197.95,"end":2201.47,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"and","start":2197.95,"end":2198.11},{"text":"who","start":2198.11,"end":2198.23},{"text":"were","start":2198.23,"end":2198.43},{"text":"killed","start":2198.43,"end":2198.91},{"text":"or","start":2199.31,"end":2199.43},{"text":"lucky","start":2199.43,"end":2199.95},{"text":"enough","start":2200.19,"end":2200.59},{"text":"to","start":2200.59,"end":2200.71},{"text":"survive.","start":2200.71,"end":2201.47}]},{"text":"And we asked what their experiences reveal about persecution, loss of home, identity, and 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are dedicated to researching, showing, and publishing these artists' work.","start":2218.99,"end":2223.47,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":2218.99,"end":2219.15},{"text":"are","start":2219.15,"end":2219.23},{"text":"dedicated","start":2219.23,"end":2219.87},{"text":"to","start":2219.87,"end":2220.07},{"text":"researching,","start":2220.07,"end":2220.91},{"text":"showing,","start":2220.91,"end":2221.55},{"text":"and","start":2221.55,"end":2221.71},{"text":"publishing","start":2221.71,"end":2222.35},{"text":"these","start":2222.35,"end":2222.67},{"text":"artists'","start":2222.67,"end":2223.07},{"text":"work.","start":2223.07,"end":2223.47}]},{"text":"which too often has remained outside the established narratives of modern 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internationally.","start":2229.19,"end":2243.43,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Connecting","start":2229.19,"end":2229.83},{"text":"rigorous","start":2229.83,"end":2230.43},{"text":"scholarship","start":2230.43,"end":2231.19},{"text":"with","start":2231.39,"end":2231.59},{"text":"public","start":2231.59,"end":2231.99},{"text":"engagement,","start":2231.99,"end":2232.71},{"text":"we","start":2233.27,"end":2233.43},{"text":"bring","start":2233.43,"end":2233.63},{"text":"together","start":2233.63,"end":2234.07},{"text":"museums,","start":2234.07,"end":2234.87},{"text":"universities,","start":2234.95,"end":2236.07},{"text":"scholars,","start":2236.39,"end":2237.19},{"text":"families,","start":2237.43,"end":2238.31},{"text":"and","start":2238.79,"end":2239.03},{"text":"cultural","start":2239.03,"end":2239.47},{"text":"institutions","start":2239.47,"end":2240.31},{"text":"in","start":2240.31,"end":2240.47},{"text":"the","start":2240.47,"end":2240.55},{"text":"United","start":2240.55,"end":2241.03},{"text":"States,","start":2241.03,"end":2241.59},{"text":"Germany,","start":2241.59,"end":2242.31},{"text":"and","start":2242.31,"end":2242.47},{"text":"internationally.","start":2242.47,"end":2243.43}]},{"text":"Through exhibitions, publications, lectures, digital programs, and educational initiatives, We make complex histories accessible to broad audiences.","start":2244.31,"end":2254.15,"topics":[{"key":"holocaust-remembrance-education","label":"Holocaust Remembrance and Education","description":"The discussion emphasized preserving survivor testimony and transmitting Holocaust history to future generations. 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I'm not including Austria here.","start":2502.47,"end":2504.23,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":2502.47,"end":2502.55},{"text":"I'm","start":2502.67,"end":2502.87},{"text":"not","start":2502.87,"end":2503.03},{"text":"including","start":2503.03,"end":2503.51},{"text":"Austria","start":2503.51,"end":2503.99},{"text":"here.","start":2503.99,"end":2504.23}]},{"text":"But what you can see is important.","start":2506.31,"end":2509.27,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"But","start":2506.31,"end":2506.71},{"text":"what","start":2506.79,"end":2507.07},{"text":"you","start":2507.07,"end":2507.19},{"text":"can","start":2507.19,"end":2507.43},{"text":"see","start":2507.43,"end":2507.75},{"text":"is","start":2508.47,"end":2508.75},{"text":"important.","start":2508.75,"end":2509.27}]},{"text":"I think it is not out of the blue.","start":2509.27,"end":2511.83,"topics":[{"key":"november-pogrom-persecution","label":"November Pogrom and Nazi Persecution","description":"Speakers examined the 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injured.","start":2535.55,"end":2537.31,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":2535.55,"end":2535.71},{"text":"don't","start":2535.71,"end":2536.11},{"text":"know","start":2536.11,"end":2536.19},{"text":"the","start":2536.19,"end":2536.27},{"text":"number","start":2536.27,"end":2536.67},{"text":"of","start":2536.67,"end":2536.83},{"text":"injured.","start":2536.83,"end":2537.31}]},{"text":"We can't even measure the effects the violence had on all the people.","start":2538.11,"end":2544.03,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":2538.11,"end":2538.35},{"text":"can't","start":2538.91,"end":2539.39},{"text":"even","start":2539.39,"end":2539.63},{"text":"measure","start":2539.63,"end":2540.03},{"text":"the","start":2540.03,"end":2540.19},{"text":"effects","start":2541.31,"end":2541.95},{"text":"the","start":2541.95,"end":2542.11},{"text":"violence","start":2542.11,"end":2542.59},{"text":"had","start":2542.59,"end":2542.91},{"text":"on","start":2542.91,"end":2543.23},{"text":"all","start":2543.23,"end":2543.47},{"text":"the","start":2543.47,"end":2543.63},{"text":"people.","start":2543.63,"end":2544.03}]},{"text":"That's the first thing I wanted to say, turning from statistics to catastrophe.","start":2549.67,"end":2554.19,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"That's","start":2549.67,"end":2549.91},{"text":"the","start":2549.91,"end":2549.99},{"text":"first","start":2549.99,"end":2550.35},{"text":"thing","start":2550.35,"end":2550.59},{"text":"I","start":2550.59,"end":2550.63},{"text":"wanted","start":2550.63,"end":2550.95},{"text":"to","start":2550.95,"end":2551.03},{"text":"say,","start":2551.03,"end":2551.31},{"text":"turning","start":2551.55,"end":2551.95},{"text":"from","start":2551.95,"end":2552.19},{"text":"statistics","start":2552.19,"end":2553.15},{"text":"to","start":2553.15,"end":2553.23},{"text":"catastrophe.","start":2553.23,"end":2554.19}]},{"text":"When we talk about photographs, we talk about a difficult source, because most of the photographs we're talking about were taken by the perpetrators of the persecuted without their consent.","start":2555.03,"end":2566.83,"topics":[{"key":"visual-historical-evidence","label":"Photography and Art as Historical 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Moderator","affiliation_full":"UN"}},{"statement_number":14,"start":3416.03,"pageUrl":"/ar/asset/k13/k13p0mkov5?lang=en&t=56:57","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you so much.","start":3416.03,"end":3417.23,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":3416.03,"end":3416.27},{"text":"you","start":3416.27,"end":3416.43},{"text":"so","start":3416.43,"end":3416.59},{"text":"much.","start":3416.59,"end":3417.23}]},{"text":"You've invited me here today to show you the art of the November pogrom.","start":3419.79,"end":3424.19,"topics":[{"key":"november-pogrom-persecution","label":"November Pogrom and Nazi Persecution","description":"Speakers examined the November 1938 pogrom as a turning point in Nazi antisemitic persecution, involving organized violence, looting, destruction of synagogues, and mass imprisonment."}],"words":[{"text":"You've","start":3419.79,"end":3419.91},{"text":"invited","start":3419.91,"end":3420.27},{"text":"me","start":3420.27,"end":3420.43},{"text":"here","start":3420.43,"end":3420.67},{"text":"today","start":3420.67,"end":3421.31},{"text":"to","start":3421.31,"end":3421.51},{"text":"show","start":3421.51,"end":3421.87},{"text":"you","start":3421.87,"end":3422.11},{"text":"the","start":3422.11,"end":3422.31},{"text":"art","start":3422.35,"end":3422.75},{"text":"of","start":3422.79,"end":3422.91},{"text":"the","start":3422.91,"end":3423.03},{"text":"November","start":3423.03,"end":3423.55},{"text":"pogrom.","start":3423.55,"end":3424.19}]},{"text":"I've spent the last few months searching for it.","start":3425.07,"end":3427.79,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I've","start":3425.07,"end":3425.23},{"text":"spent","start":3425.23,"end":3425.51},{"text":"the","start":3425.51,"end":3425.59},{"text":"last","start":3425.59,"end":3426.03},{"text":"few","start":3426.03,"end":3426.19},{"text":"months","start":3426.19,"end":3426.59},{"text":"searching","start":3426.83,"end":3427.39},{"text":"for","start":3427.39,"end":3427.71},{"text":"it.","start":3427.71,"end":3427.79}]},{"text":"I wrote to colleagues and scoured the major archives, thousands of works of art, 10,000 at Yad Vashem alone, and everywhere the answer was the same, nothing.","start":3427.95,"end":3439.79,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":3427.95,"end":3428.03},{"text":"wrote","start":3428.03,"end":3428.31},{"text":"to","start":3428.31,"end":3428.39},{"text":"colleagues","start":3428.39,"end":3429.07},{"text":"and","start":3429.07,"end":3429.23},{"text":"scoured","start":3429.23,"end":3429.67},{"text":"the","start":3429.67,"end":3429.75},{"text":"major","start":3429.75,"end":3430.11},{"text":"archives,","start":3430.11,"end":3430.91},{"text":"thousands","start":3431.51,"end":3432.11},{"text":"of","start":3432.11,"end":3432.19},{"text":"works","start":3432.19,"end":3432.55},{"text":"of","start":3432.55,"end":3432.67},{"text":"art,","start":3432.67,"end":3433.27},{"text":"10,000","start":3433.27,"end":3434.07},{"text":"at","start":3434.07,"end":3434.15},{"text":"Yad","start":3434.15,"end":3434.35},{"text":"Vashem","start":3434.35,"end":3434.67},{"text":"alone,","start":3434.67,"end":3435.23},{"text":"and","start":3435.59,"end":3435.79},{"text":"everywhere","start":3435.87,"end":3436.59},{"text":"the","start":3436.59,"end":3436.71},{"text":"answer","start":3436.75,"end":3437.47},{"text":"was","start":3437.47,"end":3437.71},{"text":"the","start":3437.71,"end":3437.87},{"text":"same,","start":3437.87,"end":3438.43},{"text":"nothing.","start":3439.15,"end":3439.79}]},{"text":"Not one contemporaneous artwork made by the people who lived through it.","start":3440.51,"end":3445.23,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Not","start":3440.51,"end":3440.75},{"text":"one","start":3440.75,"end":3441.15},{"text":"contemporaneous","start":3441.15,"end":3442.19},{"text":"artwork","start":3442.19,"end":3442.83},{"text":"made","start":3442.83,"end":3443.31},{"text":"by","start":3443.39,"end":3443.67},{"text":"the","start":3443.67,"end":3443.79},{"text":"people","start":3443.79,"end":3444.19},{"text":"who","start":3444.19,"end":3444.35},{"text":"lived","start":3444.35,"end":3444.71},{"text":"through","start":3444.75,"end":3445.07},{"text":"it.","start":3445.07,"end":3445.23}]},{"text":"I've spent most of my professional life, over 30 years, researching the art of the Holocaust, but it was only in preparing for this panel, and thank you to Rachel for inviting me, that I realized it was missing.","start":3446.19,"end":3459.87,"topics":[{"key":"visual-historical-evidence","label":"Photography and Art as Historical Evidence","description":"Photographs and artworks were considered complementary historical sources rather than competing media or mere illustrations. 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you just scroll, please?","start":4246.71,"end":4248.31,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Can","start":4246.71,"end":4246.91},{"text":"you","start":4246.91,"end":4247.03},{"text":"just","start":4247.03,"end":4247.31},{"text":"scroll,","start":4247.31,"end":4247.75},{"text":"please?","start":4247.75,"end":4248.31}]},{"text":"Scroll.","start":4249.19,"end":4249.91,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Scroll.","start":4249.19,"end":4249.91}]},{"text":"Keep on scrolling.","start":4251.35,"end":4252.47,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Keep","start":4251.35,"end":4251.59},{"text":"on","start":4251.59,"end":4251.75},{"text":"scrolling.","start":4251.75,"end":4252.47}]},{"text":"Solomon shows us how the German Jews reacted behind closed doors, petitioned the authorities, sought information.","start":4253.35,"end":4261.87,"topics":[{"key":"bystanders-moral-responsibility","label":"Bystanders and Moral Responsibility","description":"Speakers examined the participation, complicity, and inaction of neighbors, 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They also discussed resistance and rescue as examples of the responsibility to challenge hatred and unlawful actions."}],"words":[{"text":"Solomon","start":4253.35,"end":4253.83},{"text":"shows","start":4253.83,"end":4254.35},{"text":"us","start":4254.35,"end":4254.47},{"text":"how","start":4254.47,"end":4254.87},{"text":"the","start":4254.95,"end":4255.11},{"text":"German","start":4255.11,"end":4255.59},{"text":"Jews","start":4255.59,"end":4255.91},{"text":"reacted","start":4255.91,"end":4256.79},{"text":"behind","start":4256.79,"end":4257.67},{"text":"closed","start":4257.67,"end":4258.11},{"text":"doors,","start":4258.11,"end":4258.55},{"text":"petitioned","start":4258.55,"end":4259.43},{"text":"the","start":4259.43,"end":4259.55},{"text":"authorities,","start":4259.59,"end":4260.31},{"text":"sought","start":4260.31,"end":4260.87},{"text":"information.","start":4260.87,"end":4261.87}]},{"text":"Next, please, just keep on scrolling.","start":4261.87,"end":4263.99,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next,","start":4261.87,"end":4262.23},{"text":"please,","start":4262.23,"end":4262.63},{"text":"just","start":4262.63,"end":4262.91},{"text":"keep","start":4262.91,"end":4263.19},{"text":"on","start":4263.19,"end":4263.35},{"text":"scrolling.","start":4263.35,"end":4263.99}]},{"text":"And deliberated where to go and what to do and how to get out to, stop here, please, to Australia, the US, or in her case, to France.","start":4264.47,"end":4275.35,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":4264.47,"end":4264.67},{"text":"deliberated","start":4264.67,"end":4265.51},{"text":"where","start":4265.51,"end":4265.99},{"text":"to","start":4265.99,"end":4266.15},{"text":"go","start":4266.15,"end":4266.63},{"text":"and","start":4266.67,"end":4266.87},{"text":"what","start":4266.87,"end":4267.39},{"text":"to","start":4267.39,"end":4267.47},{"text":"do","start":4267.47,"end":4267.91},{"text":"and","start":4267.91,"end":4268.07},{"text":"how","start":4268.07,"end":4268.39},{"text":"to","start":4268.39,"end":4268.59},{"text":"get","start":4268.59,"end":4268.95},{"text":"out","start":4268.95,"end":4269.43},{"text":"to,","start":4269.99,"end":4270.39},{"text":"stop","start":4270.55,"end":4271.03},{"text":"here,","start":4271.03,"end":4271.27},{"text":"please,","start":4271.27,"end":4271.75},{"text":"to","start":4271.75,"end":4271.99},{"text":"Australia,","start":4271.99,"end":4272.79},{"text":"the","start":4272.79,"end":4272.91},{"text":"US,","start":4273.19,"end":4273.51},{"text":"or","start":4273.51,"end":4273.75},{"text":"in","start":4273.75,"end":4273.91},{"text":"her","start":4273.91,"end":4274.15},{"text":"case,","start":4274.15,"end":4274.47},{"text":"to","start":4274.47,"end":4274.59},{"text":"France.","start":4274.63,"end":4275.35}]},{"text":"She then Says goodbye to her native land, next, receives her father's portrait, next, as a parting gift, packs her suitcase, next, and then a series of long shots of her family, next, waving goodbye at the station, and finally, a close-up, next, of her inside the compartment looking out the window as the train pulls away, next, please.","start":4275.75,"end":4305.87,"topics":[{"key":"visual-historical-evidence","label":"Photography and Art as Historical Evidence","description":"Photographs and artworks were considered complementary historical sources rather than competing media or mere illustrations. 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excellencies, in the interest of time, we are very hopeful that you could also ensure that you observe your time limits as 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gently remind all the speakers when their time allotted has expired.","start":4576.23,"end":4580.87,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":4576.23,"end":4576.39},{"text":"gently","start":4576.39,"end":4576.79},{"text":"remind","start":4576.79,"end":4577.35},{"text":"all","start":4577.35,"end":4577.47},{"text":"the","start":4577.47,"end":4577.59},{"text":"speakers","start":4577.59,"end":4578.23},{"text":"when","start":4578.35,"end":4578.71},{"text":"their","start":4578.71,"end":4579.11},{"text":"time","start":4579.11,"end":4579.51},{"text":"allotted","start":4579.51,"end":4579.99},{"text":"has","start":4579.99,"end":4580.15},{"text":"expired.","start":4580.15,"end":4580.87}]},{"text":"Now I would like to give the floor to Her Excellency Ms. Noa Furman, Deputy Permanent Representative of Israel to the UN, to deliver the first questions and/or 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of Chile to the United Nations.","start":4865.71,"end":4875.83,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"It","start":4865.71,"end":4865.87},{"text":"is","start":4865.87,"end":4866.03},{"text":"now","start":4866.03,"end":4866.51},{"text":"my","start":4866.51,"end":4866.75},{"text":"pleasure","start":4866.75,"end":4867.39},{"text":"to","start":4867.39,"end":4867.51},{"text":"pass","start":4867.55,"end":4868.07},{"text":"the","start":4868.07,"end":4868.19},{"text":"floor","start":4868.19,"end":4868.59},{"text":"to","start":4868.59,"end":4868.75},{"text":"His","start":4868.75,"end":4868.99},{"text":"Excellency,","start":4868.99,"end":4870.03},{"text":"Mr.","start":4870.27,"end":4870.59},{"text":"Roberto","start":4870.59,"end":4871.43},{"text":"Ampuero,","start":4871.43,"end":4872.27},{"text":"Permanent","start":4872.35,"end":4872.79},{"text":"Representative","start":4872.79,"end":4873.79},{"text":"of","start":4873.83,"end":4874.03},{"text":"Chile","start":4874.03,"end":4874.51},{"text":"to","start":4874.51,"end":4874.75},{"text":"the","start":4874.75,"end":4874.87},{"text":"United","start":4874.87,"end":4875.31},{"text":"Nations.","start":4875.31,"end":4875.83}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"UN","group":null,"function":"Chief 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itself.","start":4883.15,"end":4887.15,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"It","start":4883.15,"end":4883.39},{"text":"is","start":4883.39,"end":4883.71},{"text":"often","start":4883.95,"end":4884.43},{"text":"said","start":4884.43,"end":4884.83},{"text":"that","start":4884.83,"end":4885.07},{"text":"history","start":4885.07,"end":4885.63},{"text":"does","start":4885.63,"end":4885.95},{"text":"not","start":4885.95,"end":4886.27},{"text":"repeat","start":4886.27,"end":4886.59},{"text":"itself.","start":4886.59,"end":4887.15}]},{"text":"But certain patterns can still be identified in our own 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Moderator","affiliation_full":"UN"}},{"statement_number":22,"start":5074.15,"pageUrl":"/ar/asset/k13/k13p0mkov5?lang=en&t=1:24:35","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, madam moderator.","start":5074.15,"end":5075.15,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":5074.15,"end":5074.27},{"text":"you,","start":5074.27,"end":5074.35},{"text":"madam","start":5074.35,"end":5074.55},{"text":"moderator.","start":5074.55,"end":5075.15}]},{"text":"I would like to thank the panelists for their insightful presentation.","start":5075.87,"end":5078.67,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":5075.87,"end":5075.95},{"text":"would","start":5075.95,"end":5076.07},{"text":"like","start":5076.07,"end":5076.27},{"text":"to","start":5076.27,"end":5076.35},{"text":"thank","start":5076.35,"end":5076.59},{"text":"the","start":5076.59,"end":5076.67},{"text":"panelists","start":5076.67,"end":5077.11},{"text":"for","start":5077.11,"end":5077.23},{"text":"their","start":5077.23,"end":5077.39},{"text":"insightful","start":5077.39,"end":5077.87},{"text":"presentation.","start":5077.87,"end":5078.67}]},{"text":"And it is difficult to listen to remarks without flash back in your 90s, which makes me be more passionate and determined along the lines we heard.","start":5079.15,"end":5089.23,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":5079.15,"end":5079.47},{"text":"it","start":5079.47,"end":5079.55},{"text":"is","start":5079.55,"end":5079.71},{"text":"difficult","start":5079.71,"end":5080.07},{"text":"to","start":5080.07,"end":5080.19},{"text":"listen","start":5080.19,"end":5080.75},{"text":"to","start":5080.75,"end":5080.95},{"text":"remarks","start":5081.71,"end":5082.51},{"text":"without","start":5082.83,"end":5083.23},{"text":"flash","start":5083.23,"end":5083.47},{"text":"back","start":5083.47,"end":5083.71},{"text":"in","start":5083.71,"end":5083.79},{"text":"your","start":5083.79,"end":5083.91},{"text":"90s,","start":5083.91,"end":5084.59},{"text":"which","start":5084.99,"end":5085.31},{"text":"makes","start":5085.31,"end":5085.59},{"text":"me","start":5085.59,"end":5085.79},{"text":"be","start":5085.79,"end":5086.03},{"text":"more","start":5086.03,"end":5086.23},{"text":"passionate","start":5086.23,"end":5086.87},{"text":"and","start":5086.87,"end":5087.03},{"text":"determined","start":5087.03,"end":5087.55},{"text":"along","start":5087.55,"end":5087.79},{"text":"the","start":5087.79,"end":5087.91},{"text":"lines","start":5087.91,"end":5088.43},{"text":"we","start":5088.43,"end":5088.67},{"text":"heard.","start":5088.67,"end":5089.23}]},{"text":"I just want to talk about my personal witness to when National University of Library housed inside of a city hall made in Austro-Hungarian time, was deliberately shelled and set ablaze.","start":5090.91,"end":5102.11,"topics":[{"key":"cultural-heritage-protection","label":"Protection of Cultural and Religious Heritage","description":"The destruction of synagogues, sacred objects, books, and archives was discussed as an attack on communities’ identity and historical presence. 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Moderator","affiliation_full":"UN"}},{"statement_number":24,"start":5292.51,"pageUrl":"/ar/asset/k13/k13p0mkov5?lang=en&t=1:28:13","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Good morning, distinguished colleagues.","start":5292.51,"end":5294.23,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Good","start":5292.51,"end":5292.63},{"text":"morning,","start":5292.63,"end":5293.19},{"text":"distinguished","start":5293.19,"end":5293.71},{"text":"colleagues.","start":5293.71,"end":5294.23}]},{"text":"Let me begin by thanking the Permanent Mission of Germany and the Holocaust and the United Nations Outreach Program.","start":5295.27,"end":5300.39,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Let","start":5295.27,"end":5295.43},{"text":"me","start":5295.43,"end":5295.63},{"text":"begin","start":5295.63,"end":5295.87},{"text":"by","start":5295.87,"end":5295.99},{"text":"thanking","start":5295.99,"end":5296.43},{"text":"the","start":5296.43,"end":5296.51},{"text":"Permanent","start":5296.55,"end":5296.95},{"text":"Mission","start":5296.95,"end":5297.23},{"text":"of","start":5297.23,"end":5297.35},{"text":"Germany","start":5297.35,"end":5297.79},{"text":"and","start":5297.79,"end":5297.95},{"text":"the","start":5297.95,"end":5298.03},{"text":"Holocaust","start":5298.03,"end":5298.59},{"text":"and","start":5298.59,"end":5298.71},{"text":"the","start":5298.71,"end":5298.79},{"text":"United","start":5298.79,"end":5299.15},{"text":"Nations","start":5299.15,"end":5299.55},{"text":"Outreach","start":5299.59,"end":5299.87},{"text":"Program.","start":5299.87,"end":5300.39}]},{"text":"of the Department of Global Communication for promoting this important panel.","start":5300.95,"end":5304.83,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"of","start":5300.95,"end":5301.03},{"text":"the","start":5301.03,"end":5301.11},{"text":"Department","start":5301.11,"end":5301.55},{"text":"of","start":5301.55,"end":5301.63},{"text":"Global","start":5301.63,"end":5301.91},{"text":"Communication","start":5301.91,"end":5302.79},{"text":"for","start":5302.79,"end":5303.03},{"text":"promoting","start":5303.03,"end":5303.59},{"text":"this","start":5303.59,"end":5303.91},{"text":"important","start":5304.07,"end":5304.55},{"text":"panel.","start":5304.55,"end":5304.83}]},{"text":"It is my honor to be here today with you.","start":5305.35,"end":5307.71,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"It","start":5305.35,"end":5305.55},{"text":"is","start":5305.55,"end":5305.67},{"text":"my","start":5305.75,"end":5305.91},{"text":"honor","start":5306.07,"end":5306.39},{"text":"to","start":5306.39,"end":5306.51},{"text":"be","start":5306.51,"end":5306.63},{"text":"here","start":5306.63,"end":5306.95},{"text":"today","start":5306.95,"end":5307.35},{"text":"with","start":5307.35,"end":5307.55},{"text":"you.","start":5307.55,"end":5307.71}]},{"text":"For Argentina, the memory of the Holocaust is not a distant chapter of history.","start":5308.79,"end":5313.03,"topics":[{"key":"holocaust-remembrance-education","label":"Holocaust Remembrance and Education","description":"The discussion emphasized preserving survivor testimony and transmitting Holocaust history to future generations. 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I would like to thank for the valuable work of all of the panelists to show us the power of 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I don't have any question, but I have something to say.","start":5449.03,"end":5453.67,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":5449.03,"end":5449.43},{"text":"I","start":5449.67,"end":5449.83},{"text":"don't","start":5449.83,"end":5450.11},{"text":"have","start":5450.11,"end":5450.23},{"text":"any","start":5450.23,"end":5450.43},{"text":"question,","start":5450.43,"end":5450.95},{"text":"but","start":5451.11,"end":5451.43},{"text":"I","start":5451.99,"end":5452.07},{"text":"have","start":5452.07,"end":5452.27},{"text":"something","start":5452.79,"end":5453.11},{"text":"to","start":5453.11,"end":5453.31},{"text":"say.","start":5453.35,"end":5453.67}]},{"text":"Photograph and art preserve that what words alone cannot.","start":5455.03,"end":5459.51,"topics":[{"key":"visual-historical-evidence","label":"Photography and Art as Historical Evidence","description":"Photographs and artworks were considered complementary historical sources rather than competing media or mere illustrations. 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Thank you, Madame Under-Secretary General, for this very timely event and the support that the United Nations is providing each year for such a worthy 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professors, dear colleagues, It's important to see that we are all here gathered together, first with very distinguished experts, but also with a very distinguished representative from the international community, because we are here at the United Nations, and we, coming from different national backgrounds, can testify of the utmost importance of this voice it 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Speakers explored exhibitions, graphic narratives, archival materials, and personal encounters as educational tools."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":5690.39,"end":5690.59},{"text":"memory","start":5690.71,"end":5691.07},{"text":"of","start":5691.07,"end":5691.15},{"text":"this","start":5691.15,"end":5691.31},{"text":"horror","start":5691.31,"end":5691.67},{"text":"must","start":5691.67,"end":5691.91},{"text":"not","start":5691.91,"end":5692.15},{"text":"fade.","start":5692.15,"end":5692.59}]},{"text":"The Holocaust must not care over.","start":5692.59,"end":5694.55,"topics":[{"key":"holocaust-remembrance-education","label":"Holocaust Remembrance and Education","description":"The discussion emphasized preserving survivor testimony and transmitting Holocaust history to future generations. Speakers explored exhibitions, graphic narratives, archival materials, and personal encounters as educational tools."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":5692.59,"end":5692.67},{"text":"Holocaust","start":5692.67,"end":5693.15},{"text":"must","start":5693.15,"end":5693.43},{"text":"not","start":5693.43,"end":5693.75},{"text":"care","start":5693.75,"end":5694.15},{"text":"over.","start":5694.15,"end":5694.55}]},{"text":"It must remain an open wound in the side of humanity.","start":5695.03,"end":5698.39,"topics":[{"key":"holocaust-remembrance-education","label":"Holocaust Remembrance and Education","description":"The discussion emphasized preserving survivor testimony and transmitting Holocaust history to future generations. Speakers explored exhibitions, graphic narratives, archival materials, and personal encounters as educational tools."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":5695.03,"end":5695.19},{"text":"must","start":5695.19,"end":5695.47},{"text":"remain","start":5695.47,"end":5696.39},{"text":"an","start":5696.39,"end":5696.47},{"text":"open","start":5696.47,"end":5696.71},{"text":"wound","start":5696.71,"end":5697.03},{"text":"in","start":5697.03,"end":5697.11},{"text":"the","start":5697.11,"end":5697.19},{"text":"side","start":5697.19,"end":5697.51},{"text":"of","start":5697.51,"end":5697.63},{"text":"humanity.","start":5697.63,"end":5698.39}]},{"text":"And so our question to our distinguished panelists: How can we effectively ensure that, beyond words, but through actions?","start":5698.79,"end":5707.75,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":5698.79,"end":5698.95},{"text":"so","start":5698.95,"end":5699.15},{"text":"our","start":5699.15,"end":5699.35},{"text":"question","start":5699.35,"end":5699.91},{"text":"to","start":5699.91,"end":5700.23},{"text":"our","start":5700.23,"end":5700.39},{"text":"distinguished","start":5700.39,"end":5700.99},{"text":"panelists:","start":5700.99,"end":5701.59},{"text":"How","start":5701.87,"end":5702.15},{"text":"can","start":5702.15,"end":5702.55},{"text":"we","start":5702.55,"end":5702.79},{"text":"effectively","start":5702.79,"end":5703.91},{"text":"ensure","start":5704.07,"end":5704.71},{"text":"that,","start":5704.71,"end":5705.11},{"text":"beyond","start":5705.35,"end":5705.99},{"text":"words,","start":5705.99,"end":5706.55},{"text":"but","start":5706.71,"end":5706.99},{"text":"through","start":5706.99,"end":5707.11},{"text":"actions?","start":5707.11,"end":5707.75}]},{"text":"Thank you.","start":5707.99,"end":5708.31,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":5707.99,"end":5708.23},{"text":"you.","start":5708.23,"end":5708.31}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"FRA","group":null,"function":"Ambassador","affiliation_full":"France"}},{"statement_number":27,"start":5711.83,"pageUrl":"/ar/asset/k13/k13p0mkov5?lang=en&t=1:35:12","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you very much indeed, Ambassador.","start":5711.83,"end":5714.07,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":5711.83,"end":5711.99},{"text":"you","start":5711.99,"end":5712.07},{"text":"very","start":5712.07,"end":5712.39},{"text":"much","start":5712.39,"end":5712.63},{"text":"indeed,","start":5712.63,"end":5713.19},{"text":"Ambassador.","start":5713.19,"end":5714.07}]},{"text":"So we do not have a lot of time for questions to our esteemed panelists, but we have some very good questions already, and some from online and from the floor as well.","start":5714.63,"end":5726.07,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":5714.63,"end":5715.19},{"text":"we","start":5715.19,"end":5715.51},{"text":"do","start":5715.51,"end":5715.75},{"text":"not","start":5715.75,"end":5715.99},{"text":"have","start":5715.99,"end":5716.19},{"text":"a","start":5716.19,"end":5716.23},{"text":"lot","start":5716.23,"end":5716.43},{"text":"of","start":5716.43,"end":5716.63},{"text":"time","start":5716.63,"end":5716.95},{"text":"for","start":5716.95,"end":5717.11},{"text":"questions","start":5717.11,"end":5717.75},{"text":"to","start":5717.75,"end":5717.99},{"text":"our","start":5717.99,"end":5718.19},{"text":"esteemed","start":5718.19,"end":5718.79},{"text":"panelists,","start":5718.79,"end":5719.47},{"text":"but","start":5719.47,"end":5719.59},{"text":"we","start":5719.59,"end":5719.71},{"text":"have","start":5719.71,"end":5719.91},{"text":"some","start":5719.91,"end":5720.15},{"text":"very","start":5720.15,"end":5720.55},{"text":"good","start":5720.55,"end":5720.75},{"text":"questions","start":5720.75,"end":5721.43},{"text":"already,","start":5721.43,"end":5722.07},{"text":"and","start":5722.07,"end":5722.35},{"text":"some","start":5722.35,"end":5722.71},{"text":"from","start":5722.71,"end":5723.03},{"text":"online","start":5723.03,"end":5723.67},{"text":"and","start":5723.67,"end":5723.99},{"text":"from","start":5723.99,"end":5724.55},{"text":"the","start":5724.79,"end":5724.95},{"text":"floor","start":5724.95,"end":5725.39},{"text":"as","start":5725.39,"end":5725.59},{"text":"well.","start":5725.59,"end":5726.07}]},{"text":"And a common theme that we see across some of the questions is the importance of Holocaust remembrance and education.","start":5726.31,"end":5735.03,"topics":[{"key":"holocaust-remembrance-education","label":"Holocaust Remembrance and Education","description":"The discussion emphasized preserving survivor testimony and transmitting Holocaust history to future generations. Speakers explored exhibitions, graphic narratives, archival materials, and personal encounters as educational tools."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":5726.31,"end":5726.51},{"text":"a","start":5726.51,"end":5726.55},{"text":"common","start":5726.55,"end":5727.03},{"text":"theme","start":5727.03,"end":5727.59},{"text":"that","start":5727.59,"end":5727.91},{"text":"we","start":5727.91,"end":5728.07},{"text":"see","start":5728.07,"end":5728.55},{"text":"across","start":5728.55,"end":5729.07},{"text":"some","start":5729.07,"end":5729.19},{"text":"of","start":5729.19,"end":5729.27},{"text":"the","start":5729.27,"end":5729.35},{"text":"questions","start":5729.35,"end":5730.31},{"text":"is","start":5730.63,"end":5730.95},{"text":"the","start":5730.95,"end":5731.07},{"text":"importance","start":5731.07,"end":5732.07},{"text":"of","start":5732.27,"end":5732.47},{"text":"Holocaust","start":5732.47,"end":5733.35},{"text":"remembrance","start":5733.35,"end":5734.03},{"text":"and","start":5734.03,"end":5734.19},{"text":"education.","start":5734.19,"end":5735.03}]},{"text":"And both of you, of course, have dedicated your professional lives to this topic of study, and we would like to hear from you about why you think this continues to matter and that this history needs to be studied and remembered.","start":5735.03,"end":5749.91,"topics":[{"key":"holocaust-remembrance-education","label":"Holocaust Remembrance and Education","description":"The discussion emphasized preserving survivor testimony and transmitting Holocaust history to future generations. 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Moderator","affiliation_full":"UN"}},{"statement_number":28,"start":5767.83,"pageUrl":"/ar/asset/k13/k13p0mkov5?lang=en&t=1:36:08","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Yes, thank you very much for your questions.","start":5767.83,"end":5771.35,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Yes,","start":5767.83,"end":5768.15},{"text":"thank","start":5768.23,"end":5768.47},{"text":"you","start":5768.47,"end":5768.55},{"text":"very","start":5768.55,"end":5768.79},{"text":"much","start":5768.79,"end":5769.03},{"text":"for","start":5769.03,"end":5769.35},{"text":"your","start":5769.35,"end":5769.59},{"text":"questions.","start":5770.39,"end":5771.35}]},{"text":"And of course, it's a bit mind boggling to answer all that.","start":5771.71,"end":5777.95,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":5771.71,"end":5771.87},{"text":"of","start":5772.03,"end":5772.31},{"text":"course,","start":5773.23,"end":5773.51},{"text":"it's","start":5773.51,"end":5773.75},{"text":"a","start":5773.75,"end":5773.79},{"text":"bit","start":5773.79,"end":5774.03},{"text":"mind","start":5774.03,"end":5774.51},{"text":"boggling","start":5774.51,"end":5775.15},{"text":"to","start":5776.75,"end":5776.99},{"text":"answer","start":5777.07,"end":5777.43},{"text":"all","start":5777.43,"end":5777.55},{"text":"that.","start":5777.55,"end":5777.95}]},{"text":"I think, to keep it simple, we all ought to learn to look at photographs as sources, take a deep breath, and look at them, even though we are confronted with millions of photos online.","start":5780.11,"end":5797.95,"topics":[{"key":"visual-historical-evidence","label":"Photography and Art as Historical Evidence","description":"Photographs and artworks were considered complementary historical sources rather than competing media or mere illustrations. 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answer as briefly as possible, and then we will conclude.","start":6224.35,"end":6229.55,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"to","start":6224.35,"end":6224.67},{"text":"answer","start":6224.75,"end":6225.47},{"text":"as","start":6225.47,"end":6226.19},{"text":"briefly","start":6226.19,"end":6226.75},{"text":"as","start":6226.75,"end":6226.91},{"text":"possible,","start":6226.91,"end":6227.51},{"text":"and","start":6227.51,"end":6227.67},{"text":"then","start":6227.67,"end":6227.87},{"text":"we","start":6227.87,"end":6228.11},{"text":"will","start":6228.11,"end":6228.43},{"text":"conclude.","start":6228.75,"end":6229.55}]},{"text":"And it's really about young people, I think, to your point, Excellency.","start":6230.03,"end":6234.67,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":6230.03,"end":6230.27},{"text":"it's","start":6230.27,"end":6230.51},{"text":"really","start":6230.51,"end":6230.83},{"text":"about","start":6230.83,"end":6231.15},{"text":"young","start":6231.15,"end":6231.47},{"text":"people,","start":6231.47,"end":6232.03},{"text":"I","start":6232.19,"end":6232.35},{"text":"think,","start":6232.39,"end":6232.59},{"text":"to","start":6232.59,"end":6232.79},{"text":"your","start":6232.83,"end":6232.99},{"text":"point,","start":6232.99,"end":6233.55},{"text":"Excellency.","start":6233.71,"end":6234.67}]},{"text":"One of the young people in the room has just asked, \"Each medium discussed today adds its own value to history.","start":6235.39,"end":6241.55,"topics":[{"key":"visual-historical-evidence","label":"Photography and Art as Historical Evidence","description":"Photographs and artworks were considered complementary historical sources rather than competing media 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you trust the people to have it and handle it.","start":6385.43,"end":6388.79,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"If","start":6385.43,"end":6386.11},{"text":"you","start":6386.11,"end":6386.23},{"text":"trust","start":6386.23,"end":6386.55},{"text":"the","start":6386.55,"end":6386.63},{"text":"people","start":6386.63,"end":6387.03},{"text":"to","start":6387.43,"end":6387.91},{"text":"have","start":6387.91,"end":6388.11},{"text":"it","start":6388.11,"end":6388.23},{"text":"and","start":6388.23,"end":6388.35},{"text":"handle","start":6388.35,"end":6388.71},{"text":"it.","start":6388.71,"end":6388.79}]},{"text":"Thank you so much.","start":6388.79,"end":6391.59,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":6388.79,"end":6388.95},{"text":"you","start":6389.75,"end":6389.83},{"text":"so","start":6390.35,"end":6390.43},{"text":"much.","start":6391.47,"end":6391.59}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":null,"group":null,"function":"Holocaust historian; Deputy Project Director, Last Seen: Pictures of Nazi 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Perry and Dr. Kreutzmueller, and especially to all of you, our guests, both in person and online, for your engagement, for your dedication, and for your commitment to this subject 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we will be sharing the recording in the coming days and a survey about today's event.","start":6437.87,"end":6443.27,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":6437.87,"end":6438.03},{"text":"we","start":6438.03,"end":6438.19},{"text":"will","start":6438.19,"end":6438.43},{"text":"be","start":6438.43,"end":6438.59},{"text":"sharing","start":6438.59,"end":6439.47},{"text":"the","start":6439.47,"end":6439.67},{"text":"recording","start":6439.71,"end":6440.35},{"text":"in","start":6440.35,"end":6440.47},{"text":"the","start":6440.47,"end":6440.55},{"text":"coming","start":6440.55,"end":6440.99},{"text":"days","start":6440.99,"end":6441.47},{"text":"and","start":6441.47,"end":6441.79},{"text":"a","start":6441.79,"end":6441.87},{"text":"survey","start":6441.87,"end":6442.27},{"text":"about","start":6442.27,"end":6442.63},{"text":"today's","start":6442.63,"end":6443.03},{"text":"event.","start":6443.03,"end":6443.27}]},{"text":"It helps us so 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Speakers stressed examining their creators, purposes, contexts, and omissions to understand both events and victims’ experiences."},{"key":"digital-source-authenticity","label":"Digital Source Authenticity and Visual Literacy","description":"Speakers considered how AI-generated imagery and the proliferation of online images complicate historical understanding. They emphasized distinguishing authentic archival sources from generated illustrations and teaching audiences to evaluate images critically."},{"key":"holocaust-denial-distortion","label":"Holocaust Denial and Distortion","description":"The discussion addressed how propaganda, manipulated imagery, and disinformation obscure Holocaust history. 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