{"disclaimer":"Transcripts available through this tool are created by using automatic speech recognition and are not official records nor official documents of the United Nations. Official records and official documents are available on the Official Document System of the United Nations.","url":"https://transcripts.un.org/ar/asset/k17/k17b0a2pyy?lang=en","llms":{"note":"Plain-text sibling of this page, compact for LLM context. For the full API guide (search, listing, URL grammar) see /llms.txt.","textUrl":"/ar/asset/k17/k17b0a2pyy.txt","guide":"/llms.txt"},"video":{"id":"k17/k17b0a2pyy","kaltura_id":"1_7b0a2pyy","title":"(Segment 5 and Closing) Workshop on sustainable fisheries, addressing the impacts of bottom fishing on vulnerable marine ecosystems and the long-term sustainability of deep-sea fish stocks","clean_title":"(Segment 5 and Closing) Workshop on sustainable fisheries, addressing the impacts of bottom fishing on vulnerable marine ecosystems and the long-term sustainability of deep-sea fish stocks","url":"https://webtv.un.org/en/asset/k17/k17b0a2pyy","date":"2026-07-14T00:00:00.000Z","scheduled_time":"2026-07-14T19:00:00.000Z","status":"finished","duration":"02:49:31","category":"Economic and Social Council","body":"Economic and Social Council","event_code":null,"event_type":null,"session_number":null,"pv_symbol":null,"pv_part":null,"slug":"asset/k17/k17b0a2pyy"},"metadata":{"summary":"In accordance with paragraph 244 of General Assembly resolution 80/109 of 9 December 2025, a two-day multi-stakeholder workshop on measures taken by States and regional fisheries management organizations to address the impact of bottom fishing on vulnerable marine ecosystems and the long-term sustainability of deep-sea fish stocks will be held in-person at United Nations Headquarters in New York from 13 to 14 July 2026.","description":"Segment 5: Opportunities and challenges in further addressing the impacts of bottom fisheries on vulnerable marine ecosystems and long-term sustainability of deep-sea fish stocks.\nClosing Session","categories":["Meetings & Events","Economic and Social Council","High-level Political Forum","2026"],"geographic_subject":[],"subject_topical":["FISHERIES","FISHING","SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT","SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS","MARINE RESOURCES"],"corporate_name":[],"speaker_affiliation":[],"related_documents":[{"title":"Workshop webpage","url":"https://www.un.org/depts/los/bottom_fishing_workshop.htm"}]},"transcript":{"transcript_id":"scheduled-b2d15071-0651-4e05-aeaf-c71897561d10","language":"en","timestamps_flagged":true,"timestamps_note":"UN Web TV re-edited this video after the transcript was created; timestamps may no longer match the current video.","original_duration_seconds":11653,"current_duration_seconds":10171,"data":[{"statement_number":1,"start":1129.205,"pageUrl":"/ar/asset/k17/k17b0a2pyy?lang=en&t=1130","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Say more.","start":1129.205,"end":1129.673,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Say","start":1129.205,"end":1129.286},{"text":"more.","start":1129.367,"end":1129.673}]},{"text":"Yes, just enough.","start":1129.77,"end":1130.609,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Yes,","start":1129.77,"end":1129.915},{"text":"just","start":1130.012,"end":1130.254},{"text":"enough.","start":1130.254,"end":1130.609}]},{"text":"Good afternoon, colleagues, and it is great seeing all of you 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have some excellent panelists We will now begin the 5th segment entitled Opportunities and Challenges in Further Addressing the Impacts of Bottom Fisheries on Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems and Long-Term Sustainability of Deep Sea Fish 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will hear 5 presentations, 2 of which are pre-recorded, followed by questions and interactive discussions.","start":1191.802,"end":1199.236,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":1191.802,"end":1191.947},{"text":"will","start":1191.947,"end":1192.059},{"text":"hear","start":1192.107,"end":1192.316},{"text":"5","start":1192.669,"end":1193.055},{"text":"presentations,","start":1193.167,"end":1194.018},{"text":"2","start":1194.275,"end":1194.387},{"text":"of","start":1194.532,"end":1194.692},{"text":"which","start":1194.692,"end":1194.789},{"text":"are","start":1195.014,"end":1195.142},{"text":"pre-recorded,","start":1195.158,"end":1196.105},{"text":"followed","start":1196.539,"end":1196.86},{"text":"by","start":1196.86,"end":1197.021},{"text":"questions","start":1197.021,"end":1197.631},{"text":"and","start":1197.823,"end":1197.888},{"text":"interactive","start":1198.048,"end":1198.69},{"text":"discussions.","start":1198.69,"end":1199.236}]},{"text":"The following panelists will participate in this segment.","start":1200.544,"end":1204.384,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1200.544,"end":1200.642},{"text":"following","start":1200.642,"end":1201.1},{"text":"panelists","start":1201.198,"end":1201.982},{"text":"will","start":1202.031,"end":1202.26},{"text":"participate","start":1202.276,"end":1203.11},{"text":"in","start":1203.257,"end":1203.387},{"text":"this","start":1203.42,"end":1203.551},{"text":"segment.","start":1203.6,"end":1204.384}]},{"text":"Nadia Bouffard, Chairperson of the Conference of the Parties of the Agreement to Prevent Unregulated High Seas Fisheries in the Central Arctic Ocean, CAOFA, which we heard about a little bit before.","start":1206.48,"end":1219.088,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Nadia","start":1206.48,"end":1206.592},{"text":"Bouffard,","start":1206.592,"end":1207.043},{"text":"Chairperson","start":1207.801,"end":1208.493},{"text":"of","start":1208.67,"end":1208.751},{"text":"the","start":1208.832,"end":1208.928},{"text":"Conference","start":1208.928,"end":1209.444},{"text":"of","start":1209.573,"end":1209.653},{"text":"the","start":1209.653,"end":1209.734},{"text":"Parties","start":1209.734,"end":1210.185},{"text":"of","start":1210.539,"end":1210.684},{"text":"the","start":1210.684,"end":1210.765},{"text":"Agreement","start":1210.765,"end":1211.248},{"text":"to","start":1211.248,"end":1211.393},{"text":"Prevent","start":1211.409,"end":1211.989},{"text":"Unregulated","start":1212.215,"end":1212.875},{"text":"High","start":1212.875,"end":1213.069},{"text":"Seas","start":1213.117,"end":1213.326},{"text":"Fisheries","start":1213.423,"end":1213.89},{"text":"in","start":1214.083,"end":1214.18},{"text":"the","start":1214.228,"end":1214.261},{"text":"Central","start":1214.261,"end":1214.825},{"text":"Arctic","start":1214.953,"end":1215.308},{"text":"Ocean,","start":1215.437,"end":1215.744},{"text":"CAOFA,","start":1215.938,"end":1216.584},{"text":"which","start":1217.311,"end":1217.408},{"text":"we","start":1217.472,"end":1217.537},{"text":"heard","start":1217.537,"end":1217.715},{"text":"about","start":1217.715,"end":1218.102},{"text":"a","start":1218.28,"end":1218.296},{"text":"little","start":1218.345,"end":1218.506},{"text":"bit","start":1218.522,"end":1218.748},{"text":"before.","start":1218.748,"end":1219.088}]},{"text":"The title of her presentation is Central Arctic Ocean Fisheries Agreement: Precautionary Approach to to exploratory fishing, and this is a pre-recorded 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you very much, Nadia.","start":1230.761,"end":1231.998,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":1230.761,"end":1230.938},{"text":"you","start":1230.938,"end":1231.082},{"text":"very","start":1231.082,"end":1231.259},{"text":"much,","start":1231.259,"end":1231.452},{"text":"Nadia.","start":1231.58,"end":1231.998}]},{"text":"Secondly, we have Charlotte Salpin, Senior Legal Officer at the United Nations Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the 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title of her presentation is Complementarity Between the BB&J Agreement and the General Assembly Framework for Addressing the Impacts of Bottom Fisheries on Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems and long-term sustainability of deep-sea fish 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we have Melanie Vertue, Head of CMS Aquatic Species Team Convention on Migratory Species, CMS.","start":1258.99,"end":1268.992,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thirdly,","start":1258.99,"end":1259.378},{"text":"we","start":1260.203,"end":1260.364},{"text":"have","start":1260.381,"end":1260.672},{"text":"Melanie","start":1261.497,"end":1261.886},{"text":"Vertue,","start":1262.469,"end":1262.825},{"text":"Head","start":1263.441,"end":1263.62},{"text":"of","start":1263.62,"end":1263.717},{"text":"CMS","start":1263.846,"end":1264.397},{"text":"Aquatic","start":1264.916,"end":1265.337},{"text":"Species","start":1265.337,"end":1265.856},{"text":"Team","start":1265.888,"end":1266.099},{"text":"Convention","start":1266.212,"end":1266.812},{"text":"on","start":1266.86,"end":1266.909},{"text":"Migratory","start":1267.006,"end":1267.509},{"text":"Species,","start":1267.509,"end":1268.043},{"text":"CMS.","start":1268.88,"end":1268.992}]},{"text":"The title of her presentation is Impacts of Deep-Sea 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you, This is also pre-recorded, with thanks.","start":1282.441,"end":1285.41,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":1282.441,"end":1282.522},{"text":"you,","start":1282.522,"end":1282.555},{"text":"This","start":1283.247,"end":1283.408},{"text":"is","start":1283.408,"end":1283.538},{"text":"also","start":1283.554,"end":1283.747},{"text":"pre-recorded,","start":1283.812,"end":1284.587},{"text":"with","start":1284.781,"end":1284.91},{"text":"thanks.","start":1284.926,"end":1285.41}]},{"text":"Fourthly, on my right we have Mr. Ivan Lopez van der Veen, Chairman of the Long Distance Advisory Council, of the member of International Coalition— he's also a member of International Coalition of Fisheries Associations, 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what we have going on here is more interesting, right?","start":1456.558,"end":1462.513,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Obviously,","start":1456.558,"end":1457.109},{"text":"what","start":1457.223,"end":1457.352},{"text":"we","start":1457.385,"end":1457.482},{"text":"have","start":1457.531,"end":1457.644},{"text":"going","start":1457.693,"end":1457.92},{"text":"on","start":1458.017,"end":1458.066},{"text":"here","start":1458.179,"end":1458.309},{"text":"is","start":1458.584,"end":1459.865},{"text":"more","start":1460.935,"end":1461.065},{"text":"interesting,","start":1461.097,"end":1461.567},{"text":"right?","start":1462.27,"end":1462.513}]},{"text":"Well, 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it was, hurry up and wait.","start":1670.896,"end":1672.325,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":1670.896,"end":1670.976},{"text":"it","start":1670.976,"end":1671.024},{"text":"was,","start":1671.04,"end":1671.265},{"text":"hurry","start":1671.602,"end":1671.859},{"text":"up","start":1671.859,"end":1672.02},{"text":"and","start":1672.02,"end":1672.164},{"text":"wait.","start":1672.164,"end":1672.325}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Matthew Gianni","affiliation":"DSCC","affiliation_full":"DSCC","group":null,"function":"Co-founder"}},{"statement_number":20,"start":1672.726,"pageUrl":"/ar/asset/k17/k17b0a2pyy?lang=en&t=1673","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"So that 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did not know that about you.","start":1680.369,"end":1682.713,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":1680.369,"end":1680.755},{"text":"I","start":1680.755,"end":1680.771},{"text":"did","start":1681.076,"end":1681.509},{"text":"not","start":1681.654,"end":1681.83},{"text":"know","start":1681.959,"end":1682.119},{"text":"that","start":1682.2,"end":1682.296},{"text":"about","start":1682.296,"end":1682.601},{"text":"you.","start":1682.601,"end":1682.713}]},{"text":"Let's, let's go.","start":1685.09,"end":1685.844,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Let's,","start":1685.09,"end":1685.347},{"text":"let's","start":1685.572,"end":1685.748},{"text":"go.","start":1685.748,"end":1685.844}]},{"text":"Let's hear more about that past, um, later on.","start":1685.909,"end":1688.526,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Let's","start":1685.909,"end":1686.069},{"text":"hear","start":1686.069,"end":1686.23},{"text":"more","start":1686.23,"end":1686.406},{"text":"about","start":1686.455,"end":1686.679},{"text":"that","start":1686.712,"end":1686.936},{"text":"past,","start":1686.952,"end":1687.434},{"text":"um,","start":1687.659,"end":1687.819},{"text":"later","start":1688.157,"end":1688.446},{"text":"on.","start":1688.462,"end":1688.526}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":null,"affiliation_full":null,"group":null,"function":"Moderator"}},{"statement_number":22,"start":1689.907,"pageUrl":"/ar/asset/k17/k17b0a2pyy?lang=en&t=1690","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"To Wallace and to Anna for inviting me to contribute to this important workshop on bottom 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my brief presentation today, I will talk to you about this agreement.","start":1722.929,"end":1727.391,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":1722.929,"end":1722.993},{"text":"my","start":1722.993,"end":1723.09},{"text":"brief","start":1723.154,"end":1723.523},{"text":"presentation","start":1723.555,"end":1724.406},{"text":"today,","start":1724.502,"end":1724.695},{"text":"I","start":1724.984,"end":1725.048},{"text":"will","start":1725.08,"end":1725.208},{"text":"talk","start":1725.401,"end":1725.786},{"text":"to","start":1725.786,"end":1725.963},{"text":"you","start":1725.963,"end":1726.171},{"text":"about","start":1726.187,"end":1726.524},{"text":"this","start":1726.524,"end":1726.749},{"text":"agreement.","start":1726.749,"end":1727.391}]},{"text":"It's sometimes referred to as the CAO Fisheries Agreement, or CALFA for 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is currently not a lot of data on fisheries resources, vulnerable marine ecosystems, or the changes in the ecosystems of the Central Arctic Ocean caused by climate change and their effects on marine living resources.","start":1802.897,"end":1817.088,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"There","start":1802.897,"end":1802.993},{"text":"is","start":1802.993,"end":1803.106},{"text":"currently","start":1803.218,"end":1803.588},{"text":"not","start":1803.941,"end":1804.182},{"text":"a","start":1804.182,"end":1804.262},{"text":"lot","start":1804.262,"end":1804.439},{"text":"of","start":1804.439,"end":1804.551},{"text":"data","start":1804.583,"end":1805.065},{"text":"on","start":1805.065,"end":1805.193},{"text":"fisheries","start":1805.225,"end":1805.595},{"text":"resources,","start":1805.691,"end":1806.237},{"text":"vulnerable","start":1806.751,"end":1807.264},{"text":"marine","start":1807.377,"end":1807.682},{"text":"ecosystems,","start":1807.778,"end":1808.565},{"text":"or","start":1808.742,"end":1808.79},{"text":"the","start":1808.918,"end":1808.999},{"text":"changes","start":1809.063,"end":1809.609},{"text":"in","start":1809.785,"end":1809.882},{"text":"the","start":1809.882,"end":1810.026},{"text":"ecosystems","start":1810.026,"end":1810.813},{"text":"of","start":1811.07,"end":1811.134},{"text":"the","start":1811.166,"end":1811.247},{"text":"Central","start":1811.247,"end":1811.648},{"text":"Arctic","start":1811.648,"end":1812.049},{"text":"Ocean","start":1812.049,"end":1812.419},{"text":"caused","start":1812.837,"end":1813.175},{"text":"by","start":1813.175,"end":1813.336},{"text":"climate","start":1813.336,"end":1813.803},{"text":"change","start":1813.803,"end":1814.35},{"text":"and","start":1814.447,"end":1814.544},{"text":"their","start":1814.608,"end":1814.705},{"text":"effects","start":1814.705,"end":1815.333},{"text":"on","start":1815.413,"end":1815.478},{"text":"marine","start":1815.574,"end":1815.961},{"text":"living","start":1815.993,"end":1816.283},{"text":"resources.","start":1816.379,"end":1817.088}]},{"text":"But we do know that currently there are very few fish in the high seas of the Central Arctic Ocean, and we also know that the productivity of that area is very low, mainly due to the long periods of ice coverage.","start":1818.086,"end":1831.567,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"But","start":1818.086,"end":1818.376},{"text":"we","start":1818.489,"end":1818.731},{"text":"do","start":1818.731,"end":1818.972},{"text":"know","start":1818.972,"end":1819.214},{"text":"that","start":1819.294,"end":1819.52},{"text":"currently","start":1819.52,"end":1820.067},{"text":"there","start":1820.26,"end":1820.437},{"text":"are","start":1820.486,"end":1820.663},{"text":"very","start":1820.663,"end":1820.985},{"text":"few","start":1821.049,"end":1821.162},{"text":"fish","start":1821.227,"end":1821.5},{"text":"in","start":1821.71,"end":1821.838},{"text":"the","start":1821.871,"end":1821.935},{"text":"high","start":1822,"end":1822.032},{"text":"seas","start":1822.112,"end":1822.482},{"text":"of","start":1822.611,"end":1822.723},{"text":"the","start":1822.755,"end":1822.836},{"text":"Central","start":1822.836,"end":1823.173},{"text":"Arctic","start":1823.173,"end":1823.624},{"text":"Ocean,","start":1823.624,"end":1823.929},{"text":"and","start":1824.605,"end":1824.669},{"text":"we","start":1824.685,"end":1824.83},{"text":"also","start":1824.846,"end":1825.232},{"text":"know","start":1825.232,"end":1825.409},{"text":"that","start":1825.409,"end":1825.634},{"text":"the","start":1825.634,"end":1825.73},{"text":"productivity","start":1825.73,"end":1826.502},{"text":"of","start":1826.534,"end":1826.631},{"text":"that","start":1826.679,"end":1826.808},{"text":"area","start":1827.001,"end":1827.258},{"text":"is","start":1827.258,"end":1827.306},{"text":"very","start":1827.483,"end":1827.708},{"text":"low,","start":1827.805,"end":1827.901},{"text":"mainly","start":1828.609,"end":1828.914},{"text":"due","start":1829.027,"end":1829.284},{"text":"to","start":1829.348,"end":1829.509},{"text":"the","start":1829.509,"end":1829.59},{"text":"long","start":1829.815,"end":1829.959},{"text":"periods","start":1830.072,"end":1830.538},{"text":"of","start":1830.554,"end":1830.683},{"text":"ice","start":1830.86,"end":1831.021},{"text":"coverage.","start":1831.037,"end":1831.567}]},{"text":"Things are changing in the Arctic, mostly due to climate change.","start":1835.621,"end":1838.997,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Things","start":1835.621,"end":1835.832},{"text":"are","start":1835.93,"end":1835.978},{"text":"changing","start":1836.011,"end":1836.514},{"text":"in","start":1836.514,"end":1836.563},{"text":"the","start":1836.66,"end":1836.741},{"text":"Arctic,","start":1836.741,"end":1837.26},{"text":"mostly","start":1837.715,"end":1838.056},{"text":"due","start":1838.137,"end":1838.283},{"text":"to","start":1838.283,"end":1838.38},{"text":"climate","start":1838.38,"end":1838.851},{"text":"change.","start":1838.851,"end":1838.997}]},{"text":"And these changes are affecting the entire planet.","start":1840.015,"end":1842.456,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":1840.015,"end":1840.079},{"text":"these","start":1840.079,"end":1840.191},{"text":"changes","start":1840.24,"end":1840.705},{"text":"are","start":1840.802,"end":1840.882},{"text":"affecting","start":1840.882,"end":1841.396},{"text":"the","start":1841.396,"end":1841.573},{"text":"entire","start":1841.605,"end":1841.894},{"text":"planet.","start":1842.103,"end":1842.456}]},{"text":"But first and foremost, they are affecting the Arctic, its pristine environment, its living resources, and its people.","start":1843.227,"end":1850.214,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"But","start":1843.227,"end":1843.356},{"text":"first","start":1843.388,"end":1843.709},{"text":"and","start":1843.709,"end":1843.805},{"text":"foremost,","start":1843.869,"end":1844.416},{"text":"they","start":1844.432,"end":1844.592},{"text":"are","start":1844.656,"end":1844.769},{"text":"affecting","start":1844.833,"end":1845.283},{"text":"the","start":1845.556,"end":1845.7},{"text":"Arctic,","start":1845.781,"end":1846.279},{"text":"its","start":1846.6,"end":1846.825},{"text":"pristine","start":1846.825,"end":1847.291},{"text":"environment,","start":1847.323,"end":1848.045},{"text":"its","start":1848.383,"end":1848.592},{"text":"living","start":1848.592,"end":1848.816},{"text":"resources,","start":1848.913,"end":1849.443},{"text":"and","start":1849.555,"end":1849.652},{"text":"its","start":1849.652,"end":1849.893},{"text":"people.","start":1849.893,"end":1850.214}]},{"text":"Sea ice is melting and decreasing at speeds much faster than originally predicted.","start":1851.177,"end":1856.14,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Sea","start":1851.177,"end":1851.483},{"text":"ice","start":1851.483,"end":1851.756},{"text":"is","start":1851.756,"end":1851.868},{"text":"melting","start":1851.964,"end":1852.43},{"text":"and","start":1852.607,"end":1852.671},{"text":"decreasing","start":1852.784,"end":1853.474},{"text":"at","start":1853.49,"end":1853.587},{"text":"speeds","start":1853.587,"end":1853.956},{"text":"much","start":1854.052,"end":1854.197},{"text":"faster","start":1854.309,"end":1854.791},{"text":"than","start":1854.791,"end":1855},{"text":"originally","start":1855.113,"end":1855.562},{"text":"predicted.","start":1855.594,"end":1856.14}]},{"text":"We're seeing open waters in the central Arctic Ocean during longer periods in the year.","start":1856.317,"end":1862.051,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We're","start":1856.317,"end":1856.96},{"text":"seeing","start":1856.976,"end":1857.329},{"text":"open","start":1857.666,"end":1857.972},{"text":"waters","start":1858.228,"end":1858.694},{"text":"in","start":1858.807,"end":1858.855},{"text":"the","start":1858.871,"end":1858.967},{"text":"central","start":1858.967,"end":1859.369},{"text":"Arctic","start":1859.369,"end":1859.706},{"text":"Ocean","start":1859.77,"end":1860.14},{"text":"during","start":1860.252,"end":1860.541},{"text":"longer","start":1860.734,"end":1861.136},{"text":"periods","start":1861.136,"end":1861.634},{"text":"in","start":1861.634,"end":1861.746},{"text":"the","start":1861.762,"end":1861.923},{"text":"year.","start":1861.923,"end":1862.051}]},{"text":"Many see the opportunities This will present opportunities to fish, to explore and exploit untapped resources, to navigate year-round, shortening distances to circle the planet.","start":1863.208,"end":1876.417,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Many","start":1863.208,"end":1863.481},{"text":"see","start":1863.481,"end":1863.898},{"text":"the","start":1864.268,"end":1864.348},{"text":"opportunities","start":1864.492,"end":1865.28},{"text":"This","start":1865.792,"end":1866.049},{"text":"will","start":1866.097,"end":1866.161},{"text":"present","start":1866.337,"end":1866.882},{"text":"opportunities","start":1867.619,"end":1868.324},{"text":"to","start":1868.356,"end":1868.484},{"text":"fish,","start":1868.581,"end":1868.709},{"text":"to","start":1869.398,"end":1869.478},{"text":"explore","start":1869.478,"end":1869.911},{"text":"and","start":1869.959,"end":1870.103},{"text":"exploit","start":1870.103,"end":1870.68},{"text":"untapped","start":1870.68,"end":1871.145},{"text":"resources,","start":1871.145,"end":1871.689},{"text":"to","start":1872.346,"end":1872.443},{"text":"navigate","start":1872.443,"end":1873.067},{"text":"year-round,","start":1873.067,"end":1873.773},{"text":"shortening","start":1874.045,"end":1874.494},{"text":"distances","start":1874.67,"end":1875.295},{"text":"to","start":1875.407,"end":1875.503},{"text":"circle","start":1875.503,"end":1875.888},{"text":"the","start":1875.888,"end":1876.048},{"text":"planet.","start":1876.048,"end":1876.417}]},{"text":"But with every new opportunity, there are challenges.","start":1877.49,"end":1880.022,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"But","start":1877.49,"end":1877.715},{"text":"with","start":1877.715,"end":1877.891},{"text":"every","start":1877.891,"end":1878.179},{"text":"new","start":1878.211,"end":1878.34},{"text":"opportunity,","start":1878.436,"end":1879.077},{"text":"there","start":1879.093,"end":1879.253},{"text":"are","start":1879.253,"end":1879.333},{"text":"challenges.","start":1879.333,"end":1880.022}]},{"text":"The impacts of melting ice on marine life and their ecosystems is not well understood.","start":1880.615,"end":1885.759,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1880.615,"end":1880.759},{"text":"impacts","start":1880.839,"end":1881.272},{"text":"of","start":1881.272,"end":1881.352},{"text":"melting","start":1881.48,"end":1881.865},{"text":"ice","start":1882.057,"end":1882.33},{"text":"on","start":1882.442,"end":1882.49},{"text":"marine","start":1882.49,"end":1882.907},{"text":"life","start":1882.939,"end":1883.307},{"text":"and","start":1883.499,"end":1883.564},{"text":"their","start":1883.58,"end":1883.82},{"text":"ecosystems","start":1883.82,"end":1884.589},{"text":"is","start":1884.717,"end":1884.83},{"text":"not","start":1884.862,"end":1885.086},{"text":"well","start":1885.086,"end":1885.31},{"text":"understood.","start":1885.342,"end":1885.759}]},{"text":"Marine life depend on sea ice to give birth, for shelter, to rest and to hunt.","start":1886.945,"end":1893.038,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Marine","start":1886.945,"end":1887.313},{"text":"life","start":1887.345,"end":1887.666},{"text":"depend","start":1887.73,"end":1888.211},{"text":"on","start":1888.211,"end":1888.355},{"text":"sea","start":1888.403,"end":1888.724},{"text":"ice","start":1888.772,"end":1889.028},{"text":"to","start":1889.028,"end":1889.252},{"text":"give","start":1889.252,"end":1889.364},{"text":"birth,","start":1889.509,"end":1889.989},{"text":"for","start":1890.454,"end":1890.55},{"text":"shelter,","start":1890.55,"end":1891.175},{"text":"to","start":1891.737,"end":1891.833},{"text":"rest","start":1891.898,"end":1892.251},{"text":"and","start":1892.251,"end":1892.363},{"text":"to","start":1892.395,"end":1892.524},{"text":"hunt.","start":1892.54,"end":1893.038}]},{"text":"Sea ice houses marine plants, also important to the ecosystem.","start":1893.696,"end":1898.031,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Sea","start":1893.696,"end":1894.001},{"text":"ice","start":1894.081,"end":1894.226},{"text":"houses","start":1894.338,"end":1894.772},{"text":"marine","start":1894.82,"end":1895.173},{"text":"plants,","start":1895.269,"end":1895.751},{"text":"also","start":1895.831,"end":1896.169},{"text":"important","start":1896.169,"end":1896.811},{"text":"to","start":1896.811,"end":1897.02},{"text":"the","start":1897.212,"end":1897.437},{"text":"ecosystem.","start":1897.437,"end":1898.031}]},{"text":"Inuit depend on sea ice to hunt, to fish, and to travel, and they depend on marine life for food security, clothing, and livelihood.","start":1899.123,"end":1907.087,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Inuit","start":1899.123,"end":1899.476},{"text":"depend","start":1899.476,"end":1899.91},{"text":"on","start":1900.167,"end":1900.231},{"text":"sea","start":1900.343,"end":1900.664},{"text":"ice","start":1900.664,"end":1900.905},{"text":"to","start":1900.905,"end":1901.034},{"text":"hunt,","start":1901.13,"end":1901.548},{"text":"to","start":1901.628,"end":1901.708},{"text":"fish,","start":1901.788,"end":1901.981},{"text":"and","start":1902.27,"end":1902.415},{"text":"to","start":1902.415,"end":1902.511},{"text":"travel,","start":1902.575,"end":1903.009},{"text":"and","start":1903.217,"end":1903.314},{"text":"they","start":1903.314,"end":1903.458},{"text":"depend","start":1903.458,"end":1903.86},{"text":"on","start":1903.86,"end":1903.924},{"text":"marine","start":1903.956,"end":1904.325},{"text":"life","start":1904.357,"end":1904.663},{"text":"for","start":1904.663,"end":1904.759},{"text":"food","start":1904.759,"end":1905.08},{"text":"security,","start":1905.08,"end":1905.77},{"text":"clothing,","start":1905.803,"end":1906.332},{"text":"and","start":1906.509,"end":1906.589},{"text":"livelihood.","start":1906.605,"end":1907.087}]},{"text":"Climate changes and resulting melting of sea ice is but one of the issues plaguing the Central Arctic Ocean.","start":1908.452,"end":1915.726,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Climate","start":1908.452,"end":1908.837},{"text":"changes","start":1908.837,"end":1909.303},{"text":"and","start":1909.48,"end":1909.56},{"text":"resulting","start":1909.656,"end":1910.154},{"text":"melting","start":1910.298,"end":1910.716},{"text":"of","start":1911.085,"end":1911.551},{"text":"sea","start":1911.567,"end":1911.888},{"text":"ice","start":1911.904,"end":1912.257},{"text":"is","start":1912.289,"end":1912.434},{"text":"but","start":1912.611,"end":1912.803},{"text":"one","start":1912.932,"end":1913.156},{"text":"of","start":1913.333,"end":1913.381},{"text":"the","start":1913.429,"end":1913.51},{"text":"issues","start":1913.654,"end":1913.959},{"text":"plaguing","start":1914.056,"end":1914.441},{"text":"the","start":1914.537,"end":1914.618},{"text":"Central","start":1914.618,"end":1914.987},{"text":"Arctic","start":1915.051,"end":1915.437},{"text":"Ocean.","start":1915.437,"end":1915.726}]},{"text":"An important part of addressing these issues is understanding them and their effects.","start":1916.962,"end":1921.9,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"An","start":1916.962,"end":1917.058},{"text":"important","start":1917.106,"end":1917.603},{"text":"part","start":1917.603,"end":1917.908},{"text":"of","start":1917.924,"end":1918.02},{"text":"addressing","start":1918.02,"end":1918.533},{"text":"these","start":1918.629,"end":1918.854},{"text":"issues","start":1918.886,"end":1919.335},{"text":"is","start":1919.447,"end":1919.495},{"text":"understanding","start":1919.687,"end":1920.377},{"text":"them","start":1920.489,"end":1920.617},{"text":"and","start":1921.05,"end":1921.114},{"text":"their","start":1921.195,"end":1921.307},{"text":"effects.","start":1921.307,"end":1921.9}]},{"text":"Conducting any form of scientific expedition is expensive, but this is even more true in the Arctic.","start":1922.958,"end":1929.324,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Conducting","start":1922.958,"end":1923.423},{"text":"any","start":1923.6,"end":1923.744},{"text":"form","start":1923.776,"end":1924.097},{"text":"of","start":1924.097,"end":1924.161},{"text":"scientific","start":1924.161,"end":1924.898},{"text":"expedition","start":1924.898,"end":1925.556},{"text":"is","start":1925.556,"end":1925.668},{"text":"expensive,","start":1925.716,"end":1926.39},{"text":"but","start":1927.063,"end":1927.207},{"text":"this","start":1927.207,"end":1927.464},{"text":"is","start":1927.464,"end":1927.512},{"text":"even","start":1927.768,"end":1927.993},{"text":"more","start":1928.025,"end":1928.201},{"text":"true","start":1928.265,"end":1928.618},{"text":"in","start":1928.666,"end":1928.746},{"text":"the","start":1928.746,"end":1928.971},{"text":"Arctic.","start":1928.971,"end":1929.324}]},{"text":"It requires special equipment, icebreaking and ice-capable vessels, Arctic expertise, and so on and so forth.","start":1930.206,"end":1939.136,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"It","start":1930.206,"end":1930.35},{"text":"requires","start":1930.35,"end":1930.879},{"text":"special","start":1931.023,"end":1931.408},{"text":"equipment,","start":1931.472,"end":1932.114},{"text":"icebreaking","start":1932.819,"end":1933.508},{"text":"and","start":1933.877,"end":1933.941},{"text":"ice-capable","start":1934.198,"end":1935},{"text":"vessels,","start":1935,"end":1935.609},{"text":"Arctic","start":1936.362,"end":1936.747},{"text":"expertise,","start":1936.747,"end":1937.533},{"text":"and","start":1937.966,"end":1938.03},{"text":"so","start":1938.046,"end":1938.367},{"text":"on","start":1938.367,"end":1938.447},{"text":"and","start":1938.447,"end":1938.591},{"text":"so","start":1938.591,"end":1938.848},{"text":"forth.","start":1938.848,"end":1939.136}]},{"text":"There's currently so few fish in the Central Arctic Ocean that foreign fishing vessels are not rushing to that remote area to fish, at least not yet.","start":1939.97,"end":1949.837,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"There's","start":1939.97,"end":1940.194},{"text":"currently","start":1940.21,"end":1940.659},{"text":"so","start":1940.691,"end":1941.076},{"text":"few","start":1941.076,"end":1941.285},{"text":"fish","start":1941.397,"end":1941.67},{"text":"in","start":1941.894,"end":1941.974},{"text":"the","start":1941.974,"end":1942.054},{"text":"Central","start":1942.054,"end":1942.423},{"text":"Arctic","start":1942.519,"end":1942.856},{"text":"Ocean","start":1942.92,"end":1943.225},{"text":"that","start":1943.401,"end":1943.594},{"text":"foreign","start":1943.722,"end":1943.946},{"text":"fishing","start":1944.043,"end":1944.347},{"text":"vessels","start":1944.443,"end":1944.828},{"text":"are","start":1944.924,"end":1945.021},{"text":"not","start":1945.021,"end":1945.213},{"text":"rushing","start":1945.502,"end":1945.919},{"text":"to","start":1946.304,"end":1946.545},{"text":"that","start":1946.545,"end":1946.85},{"text":"remote","start":1946.85,"end":1947.268},{"text":"area","start":1947.268,"end":1947.589},{"text":"to","start":1947.589,"end":1947.798},{"text":"fish,","start":1947.83,"end":1948.087},{"text":"at","start":1948.793,"end":1948.938},{"text":"least","start":1948.938,"end":1949.179},{"text":"not","start":1949.179,"end":1949.355},{"text":"yet.","start":1949.355,"end":1949.837}]},{"text":"However, climate changes are impacting the Arctic marine ecosystems and fish abundance may improve sooner than later, most likely migrating from the south.","start":1950.559,"end":1961.751,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"However,","start":1950.559,"end":1951.073},{"text":"climate","start":1951.603,"end":1952.005},{"text":"changes","start":1952.005,"end":1952.454},{"text":"are","start":1952.631,"end":1952.679},{"text":"impacting","start":1952.807,"end":1953.466},{"text":"the","start":1953.61,"end":1953.803},{"text":"Arctic","start":1953.867,"end":1954.188},{"text":"marine","start":1954.317,"end":1954.622},{"text":"ecosystems","start":1954.718,"end":1955.585},{"text":"and","start":1956.099,"end":1956.308},{"text":"fish","start":1956.34,"end":1956.452},{"text":"abundance","start":1956.581,"end":1957.207},{"text":"may","start":1957.223,"end":1957.303},{"text":"improve","start":1957.303,"end":1957.801},{"text":"sooner","start":1957.865,"end":1958.283},{"text":"than","start":1958.588,"end":1958.796},{"text":"later,","start":1958.893,"end":1959.23},{"text":"most","start":1959.953,"end":1960.258},{"text":"likely","start":1960.258,"end":1960.563},{"text":"migrating","start":1960.595,"end":1961.125},{"text":"from","start":1961.221,"end":1961.382},{"text":"the","start":1961.382,"end":1961.414},{"text":"south.","start":1961.414,"end":1961.751}]},{"text":"And this is what the parties to the Keofa had in mind when they negotiated and concluded the agreement.","start":1962.987,"end":1970.293,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":1962.987,"end":1963.051},{"text":"this","start":1963.084,"end":1963.341},{"text":"is","start":1963.341,"end":1963.453},{"text":"what","start":1963.63,"end":1963.87},{"text":"the","start":1963.87,"end":1964.031},{"text":"parties","start":1964.031,"end":1964.497},{"text":"to","start":1964.593,"end":1964.705},{"text":"the","start":1964.77,"end":1964.962},{"text":"Keofa","start":1965.091,"end":1965.829},{"text":"had","start":1965.877,"end":1966.134},{"text":"in","start":1966.134,"end":1966.263},{"text":"mind","start":1966.295,"end":1966.857},{"text":"when","start":1966.857,"end":1967.066},{"text":"they","start":1967.162,"end":1967.339},{"text":"negotiated","start":1967.339,"end":1968.238},{"text":"and","start":1968.238,"end":1968.35},{"text":"concluded","start":1968.543,"end":1969.153},{"text":"the","start":1969.49,"end":1969.651},{"text":"agreement.","start":1969.651,"end":1970.293}]},{"text":"The 5 coastal states began discussions to prevent unregulated fishing in the Central Arctic Ocean and to collaborate in scientific research and monitoring of the area in 2009.","start":1973.675,"end":1986.718,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1973.675,"end":1973.82},{"text":"5","start":1973.82,"end":1974.124},{"text":"coastal","start":1974.156,"end":1974.557},{"text":"states","start":1974.557,"end":1974.957},{"text":"began","start":1975.021,"end":1975.326},{"text":"discussions","start":1975.422,"end":1976.015},{"text":"to","start":1976.063,"end":1976.207},{"text":"prevent","start":1976.239,"end":1976.8},{"text":"unregulated","start":1976.88,"end":1977.649},{"text":"fishing","start":1977.681,"end":1978.13},{"text":"in","start":1978.178,"end":1978.306},{"text":"the","start":1978.306,"end":1978.338},{"text":"Central","start":1978.338,"end":1978.851},{"text":"Arctic","start":1978.883,"end":1979.219},{"text":"Ocean","start":1979.283,"end":1979.652},{"text":"and","start":1980.165,"end":1980.245},{"text":"to","start":1980.245,"end":1980.405},{"text":"collaborate","start":1980.405,"end":1981.126},{"text":"in","start":1981.126,"end":1981.222},{"text":"scientific","start":1981.27,"end":1981.863},{"text":"research","start":1981.911,"end":1982.408},{"text":"and","start":1982.408,"end":1982.504},{"text":"monitoring","start":1982.568,"end":1983.177},{"text":"of","start":1983.353,"end":1983.433},{"text":"the","start":1983.433,"end":1983.53},{"text":"area","start":1983.69,"end":1983.946},{"text":"in","start":1984.427,"end":1984.475},{"text":"2009.","start":1984.571,"end":1986.718}]},{"text":"They 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the Central Arctic Ocean under international law.","start":1998.992,"end":2001.559,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Of","start":1998.992,"end":1999.121},{"text":"the","start":1999.153,"end":1999.217},{"text":"Central","start":1999.217,"end":1999.618},{"text":"Arctic","start":1999.618,"end":1999.955},{"text":"Ocean","start":1999.955,"end":2000.324},{"text":"under","start":2000.516,"end":2000.741},{"text":"international","start":2000.837,"end":2001.431},{"text":"law.","start":2001.479,"end":2001.559}]},{"text":"Discussions including the 5 coastal states together with Iceland, the European Union, Japan, Korea, and China began in 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legally binding agreement was reached and signed by all 10 participants in 2018, and these 10 signatories ratified the agreement, which led to its entry into force on June 25th, 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agreement defines this as fishing for the purpose of assessing the sustainability and feasibility of future commercial fisheries by contributing to scientific data relating to such fisheries.","start":2268.678,"end":2280.668,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2268.678,"end":2268.759},{"text":"agreement","start":2268.759,"end":2269.239},{"text":"defines","start":2269.239,"end":2269.72},{"text":"this","start":2269.784,"end":2270.025},{"text":"as","start":2270.105,"end":2270.249},{"text":"fishing","start":2270.361,"end":2270.778},{"text":"for","start":2271.067,"end":2271.227},{"text":"the","start":2271.227,"end":2271.275},{"text":"purpose","start":2271.387,"end":2271.82},{"text":"of","start":2271.82,"end":2271.964},{"text":"assessing","start":2271.964,"end":2272.413},{"text":"the","start":2272.509,"end":2272.541},{"text":"sustainability","start":2272.541,"end":2273.583},{"text":"and","start":2273.583,"end":2273.776},{"text":"feasibility","start":2273.792,"end":2274.497},{"text":"of","start":2274.529,"end":2274.657},{"text":"future","start":2274.753,"end":2275.09},{"text":"commercial","start":2275.09,"end":2275.619},{"text":"fisheries","start":2275.651,"end":2276.1},{"text":"by","start":2276.773,"end":2276.933},{"text":"contributing","start":2276.933,"end":2277.591},{"text":"to","start":2277.735,"end":2277.831},{"text":"scientific","start":2277.831,"end":2278.536},{"text":"data","start":2278.536,"end":2279.001},{"text":"relating","start":2279.258,"end":2279.706},{"text":"to","start":2279.819,"end":2279.915},{"text":"such","start":2279.915,"end":2280.155},{"text":"fisheries.","start":2280.283,"end":2280.668}]},{"text":"Recognizing the sensitive Arctic environment and the general lack of data, the parties agreed that exploratory fishing could be useful in collecting data but this would only occur pursuant to conservation and management measures established by the parties.","start":2281.983,"end":2298.869,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Recognizing","start":2281.983,"end":2282.832},{"text":"the","start":2283.089,"end":2283.185},{"text":"sensitive","start":2283.281,"end":2284.002},{"text":"Arctic","start":2284.146,"end":2284.483},{"text":"environment","start":2284.531,"end":2285.236},{"text":"and","start":2285.349,"end":2285.493},{"text":"the","start":2285.573,"end":2285.669},{"text":"general","start":2285.669,"end":2286.038},{"text":"lack","start":2286.134,"end":2286.326},{"text":"of","start":2286.326,"end":2286.439},{"text":"data,","start":2286.487,"end":2286.871},{"text":"the","start":2287.513,"end":2287.593},{"text":"parties","start":2287.673,"end":2288.042},{"text":"agreed","start":2288.09,"end":2288.474},{"text":"that","start":2288.474,"end":2288.683},{"text":"exploratory","start":2288.795,"end":2289.564},{"text":"fishing","start":2289.66,"end":2290.045},{"text":"could","start":2290.221,"end":2290.366},{"text":"be","start":2290.398,"end":2290.478},{"text":"useful","start":2290.558,"end":2291.007},{"text":"in","start":2291.135,"end":2291.247},{"text":"collecting","start":2291.343,"end":2291.808},{"text":"data","start":2291.921,"end":2292.305},{"text":"but","start":2292.883,"end":2292.995},{"text":"this","start":2293.043,"end":2293.236},{"text":"would","start":2293.509,"end":2293.782},{"text":"only","start":2293.99,"end":2294.215},{"text":"occur","start":2294.247,"end":2294.664},{"text":"pursuant","start":2294.793,"end":2295.29},{"text":"to","start":2295.29,"end":2295.419},{"text":"conservation","start":2295.435,"end":2296.173},{"text":"and","start":2296.173,"end":2296.301},{"text":"management","start":2296.333,"end":2296.735},{"text":"measures","start":2296.879,"end":2297.264},{"text":"established","start":2297.313,"end":2298.083},{"text":"by","start":2298.099,"end":2298.259},{"text":"the","start":2298.259,"end":2298.34},{"text":"parties.","start":2298.34,"end":2298.869}]},{"text":"The agreement also provides specific restrictions on exploratory fishing.","start":2300.266,"end":2304.888,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2300.266,"end":2300.346},{"text":"agreement","start":2300.346,"end":2300.843},{"text":"also","start":2300.892,"end":2301.229},{"text":"provides","start":2301.229,"end":2301.726},{"text":"specific","start":2301.887,"end":2302.657},{"text":"restrictions","start":2302.657,"end":2303.363},{"text":"on","start":2303.62,"end":2303.668},{"text":"exploratory","start":2303.732,"end":2304.406},{"text":"fishing.","start":2304.583,"end":2304.888}]},{"text":"It must not undermine the objective of the agreement.","start":2306.22,"end":2309.334,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"It","start":2306.22,"end":2306.284},{"text":"must","start":2306.364,"end":2306.541},{"text":"not","start":2306.605,"end":2306.942},{"text":"undermine","start":2307.247,"end":2307.873},{"text":"the","start":2307.873,"end":2307.953},{"text":"objective","start":2307.953,"end":2308.531},{"text":"of","start":2308.531,"end":2308.611},{"text":"the","start":2308.611,"end":2308.772},{"text":"agreement.","start":2308.772,"end":2309.334}]},{"text":"It must be limited in duration, in scope and scale to minimize the impacts of fish on fish stocks and on ecosystems.","start":2310.2,"end":2318.289,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"It","start":2310.2,"end":2310.377},{"text":"must","start":2310.377,"end":2310.618},{"text":"be","start":2310.618,"end":2310.714},{"text":"limited","start":2310.842,"end":2311.629},{"text":"in","start":2311.805,"end":2311.95},{"text":"duration,","start":2311.982,"end":2312.592},{"text":"in","start":2312.881,"end":2313.025},{"text":"scope","start":2313.025,"end":2313.506},{"text":"and","start":2313.523,"end":2313.635},{"text":"scale","start":2313.667,"end":2314.197},{"text":"to","start":2314.229,"end":2314.437},{"text":"minimize","start":2314.453,"end":2314.999},{"text":"the","start":2315.031,"end":2315.176},{"text":"impacts","start":2315.208,"end":2315.786},{"text":"of","start":2315.834,"end":2315.93},{"text":"fish","start":2316.074,"end":2316.251},{"text":"on","start":2316.62,"end":2316.765},{"text":"fish","start":2316.797,"end":2316.973},{"text":"stocks","start":2316.973,"end":2317.583},{"text":"and","start":2317.663,"end":2317.824},{"text":"on","start":2317.824,"end":2318},{"text":"ecosystems.","start":2318,"end":2318.289}]},{"text":"systems.","start":2318.37,"end":2318.77,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"systems.","start":2318.37,"end":2318.77}]},{"text":"It shall be subject to standard data collection and reporting requirements which have been set out in the KOFU Data Sharing Protocol.","start":2320.101,"end":2328.262,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"It","start":2320.101,"end":2320.229},{"text":"shall","start":2320.229,"end":2320.422},{"text":"be","start":2320.486,"end":2320.566},{"text":"subject","start":2320.566,"end":2321.079},{"text":"to","start":2321.111,"end":2321.336},{"text":"standard","start":2321.384,"end":2322.009},{"text":"data","start":2322.009,"end":2322.282},{"text":"collection","start":2322.394,"end":2322.859},{"text":"and","start":2322.891,"end":2323.019},{"text":"reporting","start":2323.115,"end":2323.58},{"text":"requirements","start":2323.677,"end":2324.446},{"text":"which","start":2324.639,"end":2324.815},{"text":"have","start":2324.815,"end":2325.023},{"text":"been","start":2325.039,"end":2325.184},{"text":"set","start":2325.2,"end":2325.52},{"text":"out","start":2325.52,"end":2325.777},{"text":"in","start":2325.777,"end":2325.921},{"text":"the","start":2325.921,"end":2326.049},{"text":"KOFU","start":2326.082,"end":2326.579},{"text":"Data","start":2326.899,"end":2327.22},{"text":"Sharing","start":2327.22,"end":2327.589},{"text":"Protocol.","start":2327.621,"end":2328.262}]},{"text":"It can only be authorized on the basis of sound scientific research and when consistent with the JPSRM and the party's own national scientific program.","start":2329.465,"end":2340.431,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"It","start":2329.465,"end":2329.609},{"text":"can","start":2329.609,"end":2329.721},{"text":"only","start":2329.769,"end":2330.026},{"text":"be","start":2330.09,"end":2330.25},{"text":"authorized","start":2330.25,"end":2330.988},{"text":"on","start":2330.988,"end":2331.132},{"text":"the","start":2331.132,"end":2331.228},{"text":"basis","start":2331.228,"end":2331.645},{"text":"of","start":2331.645,"end":2331.725},{"text":"sound","start":2331.725,"end":2332.206},{"text":"scientific","start":2332.206,"end":2332.992},{"text":"research","start":2332.992,"end":2333.569},{"text":"and","start":2334.178,"end":2334.339},{"text":"when","start":2334.339,"end":2334.483},{"text":"consistent","start":2334.579,"end":2335.205},{"text":"with","start":2335.301,"end":2335.445},{"text":"the","start":2335.541,"end":2335.621},{"text":"JPSRM","start":2335.782,"end":2336.856},{"text":"and","start":2337.321,"end":2337.433},{"text":"the","start":2337.465,"end":2337.561},{"text":"party's","start":2337.561,"end":2338.026},{"text":"own","start":2338.026,"end":2338.091},{"text":"national","start":2338.203,"end":2338.604},{"text":"scientific","start":2338.604,"end":2339.966},{"text":"program.","start":2339.966,"end":2340.431}]},{"text":"There are notification requirements, and other parties may comment on the plan of a party whose vessels proposed to conduct exploratory fishing, and exploratory fishing must be monitored and results must be reported to the other parties.","start":2340.608,"end":2356.345,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"There","start":2340.608,"end":2341.714},{"text":"are","start":2341.714,"end":2341.826},{"text":"notification","start":2341.89,"end":2342.66},{"text":"requirements,","start":2342.692,"end":2343.333},{"text":"and","start":2343.398,"end":2343.478},{"text":"other","start":2343.558,"end":2343.702},{"text":"parties","start":2343.798,"end":2344.263},{"text":"may","start":2344.376,"end":2344.616},{"text":"comment","start":2344.616,"end":2345.065},{"text":"on","start":2345.177,"end":2345.257},{"text":"the","start":2345.257,"end":2345.338},{"text":"plan","start":2345.402,"end":2345.706},{"text":"of","start":2345.754,"end":2345.883},{"text":"a","start":2345.883,"end":2345.979},{"text":"party","start":2345.979,"end":2346.268},{"text":"whose","start":2346.38,"end":2346.556},{"text":"vessels","start":2346.62,"end":2347.23},{"text":"proposed","start":2347.262,"end":2347.794},{"text":"to","start":2347.826,"end":2347.956},{"text":"conduct","start":2348.068,"end":2348.569},{"text":"exploratory","start":2348.778,"end":2349.408},{"text":"fishing,","start":2349.504,"end":2349.892},{"text":"and","start":2351.037,"end":2351.182},{"text":"exploratory","start":2351.295,"end":2351.908},{"text":"fishing","start":2351.925,"end":2352.231},{"text":"must","start":2352.344,"end":2352.586},{"text":"be","start":2352.586,"end":2352.812},{"text":"monitored","start":2352.812,"end":2353.409},{"text":"and","start":2353.457,"end":2353.522},{"text":"results","start":2353.619,"end":2354.2},{"text":"must","start":2354.2,"end":2354.442},{"text":"be","start":2354.442,"end":2354.667},{"text":"reported","start":2354.667,"end":2355.216},{"text":"to","start":2355.248,"end":2355.41},{"text":"the","start":2355.41,"end":2355.571},{"text":"other","start":2355.571,"end":2355.813},{"text":"parties.","start":2355.813,"end":2356.345}]},{"text":"Clearly, the parties were concerned with ensuring that exploratory fishing didn't amount to a disguised way to conducting a full-blown commercial fishery, contrary to the moratorium imposed by the agreement.","start":2357.83,"end":2370.934,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Clearly,","start":2357.83,"end":2358.233},{"text":"the","start":2358.346,"end":2358.427},{"text":"parties","start":2358.508,"end":2358.96},{"text":"were","start":2359.073,"end":2359.267},{"text":"concerned","start":2359.299,"end":2359.848},{"text":"with","start":2359.961,"end":2360.139},{"text":"ensuring","start":2360.139,"end":2360.656},{"text":"that","start":2360.769,"end":2361.108},{"text":"exploratory","start":2361.108,"end":2361.786},{"text":"fishing","start":2361.803,"end":2362.19},{"text":"didn't","start":2362.384,"end":2362.691},{"text":"amount","start":2362.788,"end":2363.321},{"text":"to","start":2363.741,"end":2363.886},{"text":"a","start":2363.902,"end":2363.918},{"text":"disguised","start":2363.999,"end":2364.597},{"text":"way","start":2364.726,"end":2365.049},{"text":"to","start":2365.049,"end":2365.21},{"text":"conducting","start":2365.21,"end":2365.824},{"text":"a","start":2365.857,"end":2366.002},{"text":"full-blown","start":2366.002,"end":2366.422},{"text":"commercial","start":2366.422,"end":2366.841},{"text":"fishery,","start":2366.97,"end":2367.356},{"text":"contrary","start":2368.017,"end":2368.565},{"text":"to","start":2368.662,"end":2368.759},{"text":"the","start":2368.823,"end":2368.92},{"text":"moratorium","start":2368.92,"end":2369.532},{"text":"imposed","start":2369.564,"end":2370.016},{"text":"by","start":2370.048,"end":2370.209},{"text":"the","start":2370.209,"end":2370.274},{"text":"agreement.","start":2370.274,"end":2370.934}]},{"text":"And consistent with the spirit of the agreement, Precaution was at the core of their objectives in enabling a limited approach to exploratory fishing.","start":2372.224,"end":2381.54,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":2372.224,"end":2372.288},{"text":"consistent","start":2372.385,"end":2372.997},{"text":"with","start":2373.03,"end":2373.191},{"text":"the","start":2373.191,"end":2373.271},{"text":"spirit","start":2373.271,"end":2373.755},{"text":"of","start":2373.755,"end":2373.9},{"text":"the","start":2373.9,"end":2373.996},{"text":"agreement,","start":2373.996,"end":2374.609},{"text":"Precaution","start":2375.11,"end":2375.792},{"text":"was","start":2375.922,"end":2376.15},{"text":"at","start":2376.328,"end":2376.507},{"text":"the","start":2376.507,"end":2376.653},{"text":"core","start":2376.653,"end":2376.864},{"text":"of","start":2377.14,"end":2377.237},{"text":"their","start":2377.237,"end":2377.351},{"text":"objectives","start":2377.4,"end":2378.179},{"text":"in","start":2378.52,"end":2378.618},{"text":"enabling","start":2378.618,"end":2379.121},{"text":"a","start":2379.186,"end":2379.332},{"text":"limited","start":2379.348,"end":2379.77},{"text":"approach","start":2379.77,"end":2380.209},{"text":"to","start":2380.306,"end":2380.387},{"text":"exploratory","start":2380.387,"end":2381.102},{"text":"fishing.","start":2381.199,"end":2381.54}]},{"text":"The parties have established an ad hoc working group to develop conservation and management measures for exploratory fishing.","start":2383.09,"end":2391.095,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2383.09,"end":2383.122},{"text":"parties","start":2383.122,"end":2383.542},{"text":"have","start":2383.591,"end":2383.769},{"text":"established","start":2383.769,"end":2384.577},{"text":"an","start":2384.658,"end":2384.707},{"text":"ad","start":2385.046,"end":2385.159},{"text":"hoc","start":2385.192,"end":2385.483},{"text":"working","start":2385.531,"end":2385.919},{"text":"group","start":2385.952,"end":2386.372},{"text":"to","start":2386.825,"end":2386.89},{"text":"develop","start":2386.922,"end":2387.423},{"text":"conservation","start":2387.472,"end":2388.215},{"text":"and","start":2388.215,"end":2388.377},{"text":"management","start":2388.377,"end":2388.911},{"text":"measures","start":2388.943,"end":2389.396},{"text":"for","start":2389.509,"end":2389.703},{"text":"exploratory","start":2389.913,"end":2390.69},{"text":"fishing.","start":2390.69,"end":2391.095}]},{"text":"And without getting into the details of ongoing negotiations, I would say that much of the discussion on exploratory fishing is about balancing the ability to explore the Arctic Ocean with a view to gathering data and determining where— whether fish abundance is increasing to the point of sustaining a commercial fishery, on the one hand, with the need to conserve and protect fragile marine ecosystem features, including those unique to the Arctic, on the other 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the conservation and management measure is still being negotiated, I can only speak to what is being proposed and what has generally been accepted by the parties as concepts in these negotiations.","start":2427.979,"end":2441.91,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"As","start":2427.979,"end":2428.204},{"text":"the","start":2428.476,"end":2428.717},{"text":"conservation","start":2428.877,"end":2429.598},{"text":"and","start":2429.598,"end":2429.679},{"text":"management","start":2429.679,"end":2430.32},{"text":"measure","start":2430.32,"end":2430.897},{"text":"is","start":2431.426,"end":2431.49},{"text":"still","start":2431.522,"end":2431.875},{"text":"being","start":2432.003,"end":2432.211},{"text":"negotiated,","start":2432.243,"end":2433.285},{"text":"I","start":2433.991,"end":2434.087},{"text":"can","start":2434.087,"end":2434.247},{"text":"only","start":2434.247,"end":2434.488},{"text":"speak","start":2434.488,"end":2434.889},{"text":"to","start":2434.953,"end":2435.065},{"text":"what","start":2435.129,"end":2435.305},{"text":"is","start":2435.305,"end":2435.418},{"text":"being","start":2435.45,"end":2435.658},{"text":"proposed","start":2435.69,"end":2436.299},{"text":"and","start":2436.508,"end":2436.716},{"text":"what","start":2436.716,"end":2436.828},{"text":"has","start":2436.876,"end":2437.021},{"text":"generally","start":2437.117,"end":2437.502},{"text":"been","start":2437.614,"end":2437.774},{"text":"accepted","start":2437.774,"end":2438.399},{"text":"by","start":2438.399,"end":2438.56},{"text":"the","start":2438.56,"end":2438.656},{"text":"parties","start":2438.656,"end":2439.105},{"text":"as","start":2439.201,"end":2439.265},{"text":"concepts","start":2439.377,"end":2440.147},{"text":"in","start":2440.515,"end":2440.628},{"text":"these","start":2440.66,"end":2440.788},{"text":"negotiations.","start":2440.98,"end":2441.91}]},{"text":"Exploratory fishing in the Central Arctic Ocean is likely to be subject to the following components.","start":2443.145,"end":2448.964,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Exploratory","start":2443.145,"end":2443.866},{"text":"fishing","start":2443.866,"end":2444.363},{"text":"in","start":2444.363,"end":2444.411},{"text":"the","start":2444.411,"end":2444.523},{"text":"Central","start":2444.523,"end":2444.94},{"text":"Arctic","start":2444.988,"end":2445.389},{"text":"Ocean","start":2445.389,"end":2445.774},{"text":"is","start":2445.774,"end":2445.838},{"text":"likely","start":2445.95,"end":2446.351},{"text":"to","start":2446.415,"end":2446.479},{"text":"be","start":2446.575,"end":2446.623},{"text":"subject","start":2446.671,"end":2447.216},{"text":"to","start":2447.232,"end":2447.521},{"text":"the","start":2447.537,"end":2447.697},{"text":"following","start":2447.697,"end":2448.082},{"text":"components.","start":2448.258,"end":2448.964}]},{"text":"It will need to be conducted according to an exploratory fishing plan, the details of which are still being 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must not be carried out for the purpose of profit.","start":2458.802,"end":2461.965,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"It","start":2458.802,"end":2458.946},{"text":"must","start":2458.946,"end":2459.187},{"text":"not","start":2459.203,"end":2459.589},{"text":"be","start":2459.589,"end":2459.749},{"text":"carried","start":2459.813,"end":2460.295},{"text":"out","start":2460.295,"end":2460.536},{"text":"for","start":2460.536,"end":2460.68},{"text":"the","start":2460.712,"end":2460.777},{"text":"purpose","start":2460.857,"end":2461.291},{"text":"of","start":2461.291,"end":2461.403},{"text":"profit.","start":2461.499,"end":2461.965}]},{"text":"It will be subject to catch or effort limits likely established by the COP.","start":2463.298,"end":2469.608,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"It","start":2463.298,"end":2463.41},{"text":"will","start":2463.442,"end":2463.571},{"text":"be","start":2463.763,"end":2463.844},{"text":"subject","start":2463.844,"end":2464.454},{"text":"to","start":2464.486,"end":2464.823},{"text":"catch","start":2465.048,"end":2465.385},{"text":"or","start":2465.674,"end":2465.947},{"text":"effort","start":2466.075,"end":2466.621},{"text":"limits","start":2466.798,"end":2467.392},{"text":"likely","start":2467.842,"end":2468.195},{"text":"established","start":2468.195,"end":2468.885},{"text":"by","start":2468.885,"end":2469.046},{"text":"the","start":2469.046,"end":2469.142},{"text":"COP.","start":2469.142,"end":2469.608}]},{"text":"Measures will be provided to minimize impacts on fish stocks and vulnerable marine ecosystems.","start":2471.053,"end":2476.978,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Measures","start":2471.053,"end":2471.438},{"text":"will","start":2471.551,"end":2471.711},{"text":"be","start":2471.711,"end":2471.872},{"text":"provided","start":2471.872,"end":2472.482},{"text":"to","start":2472.578,"end":2472.819},{"text":"minimize","start":2472.915,"end":2473.445},{"text":"impacts","start":2473.558,"end":2474.072},{"text":"on","start":2474.184,"end":2474.232},{"text":"fish","start":2474.425,"end":2474.537},{"text":"stocks","start":2474.537,"end":2475.003},{"text":"and","start":2475.003,"end":2475.244},{"text":"vulnerable","start":2475.244,"end":2475.87},{"text":"marine","start":2475.87,"end":2476.207},{"text":"ecosystems.","start":2476.223,"end":2476.978}]},{"text":"And this is likely to include a vulnerable marine ecosystem encounter protocol containing thresholds, an avoidance protocol, and a sea ice protocol seen as an important ecosystem feature requiring 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it will need to be based on sound scientific research, Indigenous knowledge, local knowledge, And the JPSRM of 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be successful in contributing to the knowledge base of the Central Arctic Ocean, it will be critical for all involved to coordinate between the vessel conducting exploratory fishing activities, national science programs, the CAOFa Scientific Coordinating Group, and the JPSRM.","start":2510.437,"end":2526.975,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"To","start":2510.437,"end":2510.501},{"text":"be","start":2510.534,"end":2510.694},{"text":"successful","start":2510.694,"end":2511.257},{"text":"in","start":2511.257,"end":2511.305},{"text":"contributing","start":2511.401,"end":2512.028},{"text":"to","start":2512.06,"end":2512.205},{"text":"the","start":2512.205,"end":2512.301},{"text":"knowledge","start":2512.35,"end":2512.753},{"text":"base","start":2512.786,"end":2513.141},{"text":"of","start":2513.173,"end":2513.27},{"text":"the","start":2513.27,"end":2513.351},{"text":"Central","start":2513.351,"end":2513.755},{"text":"Arctic","start":2513.755,"end":2514.143},{"text":"Ocean,","start":2514.143,"end":2514.45},{"text":"it","start":2514.547,"end":2514.644},{"text":"will","start":2514.708,"end":2514.821},{"text":"be","start":2514.886,"end":2515.047},{"text":"critical","start":2515.047,"end":2515.581},{"text":"for","start":2515.694,"end":2515.968},{"text":"all","start":2516.001,"end":2516.049},{"text":"involved","start":2516.162,"end":2516.647},{"text":"to","start":2516.647,"end":2516.711},{"text":"coordinate","start":2516.808,"end":2517.616},{"text":"between","start":2518.117,"end":2518.44},{"text":"the","start":2518.44,"end":2518.505},{"text":"vessel","start":2518.585,"end":2518.892},{"text":"conducting","start":2518.909,"end":2519.425},{"text":"exploratory","start":2519.474,"end":2520.136},{"text":"fishing","start":2520.217,"end":2520.508},{"text":"activities,","start":2520.54,"end":2521.154},{"text":"national","start":2521.75,"end":2522.042},{"text":"science","start":2522.042,"end":2522.577},{"text":"programs,","start":2522.577,"end":2523.21},{"text":"the","start":2523.632,"end":2523.794},{"text":"CAOFa","start":2523.794,"end":2524.086},{"text":"Scientific","start":2524.119,"end":2524.768},{"text":"Coordinating","start":2524.768,"end":2525.352},{"text":"Group,","start":2525.433,"end":2525.758},{"text":"and","start":2525.774,"end":2525.839},{"text":"the","start":2525.839,"end":2525.92},{"text":"JPSRM.","start":2525.985,"end":2526.975}]},{"text":"There will be a notification authorization and approval process.","start":2528.013,"end":2531.496,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"There","start":2528.013,"end":2528.175},{"text":"will","start":2528.175,"end":2528.305},{"text":"be","start":2528.354,"end":2528.532},{"text":"a","start":2528.532,"end":2528.549},{"text":"notification","start":2528.597,"end":2530.821},{"text":"authorization","start":2529.408,"end":2530.114},{"text":"and","start":2530.114,"end":2530.227},{"text":"approval","start":2530.227,"end":2530.789},{"text":"process.","start":2530.854,"end":2531.496}]},{"text":"Exploratory fishing is likely to be subject to monitoring compliance and reporting measures including a VMS system requirement, at-sea observers, and high-seas boarding and inspection 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there will likely be safety at-sea requirements and vessel insurance and bonding requirements for emergencies and cleanup, particularly given the remoteness As the negotiations are ongoing, there remains work to be done to conclude the measures to regulate exploratory 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UNGA and the FAO have developed useful guidance to define and identify vulnerable marine ecosystem features, the parties to KEOPHA have recognized that specific definitions are needed to reflect the particularities of the Arctic ecosystems.","start":2567.765,"end":2585.384,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"While","start":2567.765,"end":2568.023},{"text":"UNGA","start":2568.232,"end":2568.522},{"text":"and","start":2568.732,"end":2569.086},{"text":"the","start":2569.118,"end":2569.328},{"text":"FAO","start":2569.36,"end":2569.472},{"text":"have","start":2570.02,"end":2570.197},{"text":"developed","start":2570.262,"end":2571.019},{"text":"useful","start":2571.148,"end":2571.518},{"text":"guidance","start":2571.55,"end":2572.195},{"text":"to","start":2572.195,"end":2572.34},{"text":"define","start":2572.34,"end":2572.726},{"text":"and","start":2572.774,"end":2572.887},{"text":"identify","start":2573.08,"end":2573.789},{"text":"vulnerable","start":2573.789,"end":2574.337},{"text":"marine","start":2574.353,"end":2574.756},{"text":"ecosystem","start":2574.756,"end":2575.303},{"text":"features,","start":2575.4,"end":2575.786},{"text":"the","start":2576.446,"end":2576.511},{"text":"parties","start":2576.543,"end":2576.962},{"text":"to","start":2577.026,"end":2577.155},{"text":"KEOPHA","start":2577.252,"end":2578.234},{"text":"have","start":2578.636,"end":2578.781},{"text":"recognized","start":2579.184,"end":2579.908},{"text":"that","start":2579.908,"end":2580.102},{"text":"specific","start":2580.182,"end":2580.891},{"text":"definitions","start":2580.891,"end":2581.599},{"text":"are","start":2581.599,"end":2581.631},{"text":"needed","start":2581.631,"end":2582.066},{"text":"to","start":2582.098,"end":2582.259},{"text":"reflect","start":2582.259,"end":2582.726},{"text":"the","start":2582.726,"end":2582.807},{"text":"particularities","start":2582.807,"end":2583.757},{"text":"of","start":2583.789,"end":2583.934},{"text":"the","start":2583.934,"end":2584.095},{"text":"Arctic","start":2584.202,"end":2584.542},{"text":"ecosystems.","start":2584.688,"end":2585.384}]},{"text":"The CAO Scientific Coordinating Group has been asked to develop CAO-specific VME definitions with thresholds to help implement the measures for exploratory 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advice has also been sought for elaborating a sea ice protocol that the parties have recognized is needed to protect sea ice as an important ecosystem feature of the Arctic.","start":2601.07,"end":2613.569,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Scientific","start":2601.07,"end":2601.439},{"text":"advice","start":2601.439,"end":2602.001},{"text":"has","start":2602.13,"end":2602.21},{"text":"also","start":2602.371,"end":2602.708},{"text":"been","start":2602.708,"end":2602.837},{"text":"sought","start":2602.885,"end":2603.335},{"text":"for","start":2603.335,"end":2603.576},{"text":"elaborating","start":2603.576,"end":2604.331},{"text":"a","start":2604.331,"end":2604.395},{"text":"sea","start":2604.572,"end":2605.022},{"text":"ice","start":2605.022,"end":2605.279},{"text":"protocol","start":2605.279,"end":2605.97},{"text":"that","start":2606.404,"end":2606.564},{"text":"the","start":2606.58,"end":2606.709},{"text":"parties","start":2606.709,"end":2607.175},{"text":"have","start":2607.207,"end":2607.464},{"text":"recognized","start":2607.512,"end":2608.219},{"text":"is","start":2608.798,"end":2608.846},{"text":"needed","start":2608.974,"end":2609.264},{"text":"to","start":2609.376,"end":2609.537},{"text":"protect","start":2609.537,"end":2609.874},{"text":"sea","start":2609.874,"end":2610.244},{"text":"ice","start":2610.244,"end":2610.533},{"text":"as","start":2610.581,"end":2610.743},{"text":"an","start":2610.743,"end":2610.843},{"text":"important","start":2610.843,"end":2611.362},{"text":"ecosystem","start":2611.512,"end":2612.182},{"text":"feature","start":2612.232,"end":2612.683},{"text":"of","start":2612.955,"end":2613.025},{"text":"the","start":2613.06,"end":2613.218},{"text":"Arctic.","start":2613.218,"end":2613.569}]},{"text":"In respect of the draft measure, the parties have indicated openness to applying encounter and avoidance protocols differently to bottom fishing gear from those applicable to other types of 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remains to be fleshed out and negotiated.","start":2627.39,"end":2629.808,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":2627.39,"end":2627.552},{"text":"remains","start":2627.568,"end":2628.023},{"text":"to","start":2628.055,"end":2628.185},{"text":"be","start":2628.218,"end":2628.315},{"text":"fleshed","start":2628.38,"end":2628.851},{"text":"out","start":2628.851,"end":2629.175},{"text":"and","start":2629.192,"end":2629.256},{"text":"negotiated.","start":2629.354,"end":2629.808}]},{"text":"Other outstanding issues include measures to enable a limited scope of transshipment, during exploratory fishing operations, high seas boarding and inspection scheme, defining the type of observers, whether these are going to be national or international, determining how to manage exploratory fishing in the portion of the Central Arctic Ocean area that overlaps with the Northeast Atlantic Fisheries Commission area, or 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last but certainly not least, determining who between the COP Or the flag state will approve exploratory fishing in the Central Arctic Ocean.","start":2660.397,"end":2669.722,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":2660.397,"end":2660.621},{"text":"last","start":2660.958,"end":2661.294},{"text":"but","start":2661.294,"end":2661.391},{"text":"certainly","start":2661.391,"end":2661.823},{"text":"not","start":2661.855,"end":2662.16},{"text":"least,","start":2662.16,"end":2662.577},{"text":"determining","start":2663.058,"end":2663.571},{"text":"who","start":2663.683,"end":2663.731},{"text":"between","start":2663.939,"end":2664.388},{"text":"the","start":2664.42,"end":2664.5},{"text":"COP","start":2664.564,"end":2664.981},{"text":"Or","start":2665.469,"end":2665.617},{"text":"the","start":2665.617,"end":2665.698},{"text":"flag","start":2665.698,"end":2665.96},{"text":"state","start":2665.96,"end":2666.451},{"text":"will","start":2666.451,"end":2666.581},{"text":"approve","start":2666.631,"end":2667.121},{"text":"exploratory","start":2667.121,"end":2667.808},{"text":"fishing","start":2667.841,"end":2668.217},{"text":"in","start":2668.43,"end":2668.495},{"text":"the","start":2668.495,"end":2668.577},{"text":"Central","start":2668.577,"end":2668.953},{"text":"Arctic","start":2668.986,"end":2669.394},{"text":"Ocean.","start":2669.394,"end":2669.722}]},{"text":"In terms of next steps, the COP has agreed to delay its next meeting to 2028 to enable intersessional work on various files, including the exploratory fishing measures and the High Seas Boarding and Inspection Scheme.","start":2673.41,"end":2687.183,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":2673.41,"end":2673.442},{"text":"terms","start":2673.442,"end":2673.732},{"text":"of","start":2673.781,"end":2673.861},{"text":"next","start":2673.926,"end":2674.313},{"text":"steps,","start":2674.313,"end":2674.765},{"text":"the","start":2675.362,"end":2675.459},{"text":"COP","start":2675.524,"end":2675.782},{"text":"has","start":2675.782,"end":2675.992},{"text":"agreed","start":2676.024,"end":2676.428},{"text":"to","start":2676.428,"end":2676.573},{"text":"delay","start":2676.573,"end":2676.831},{"text":"its","start":2676.831,"end":2677.057},{"text":"next","start":2677.073,"end":2677.315},{"text":"meeting","start":2677.38,"end":2677.687},{"text":"to","start":2677.784,"end":2677.88},{"text":"2028","start":2677.88,"end":2678.897},{"text":"to","start":2679.478,"end":2679.527},{"text":"enable","start":2679.64,"end":2680.043},{"text":"intersessional","start":2680.14,"end":2680.866},{"text":"work","start":2680.866,"end":2681.108},{"text":"on","start":2681.108,"end":2681.238},{"text":"various","start":2681.27,"end":2681.56},{"text":"files,","start":2681.738,"end":2682.045},{"text":"including","start":2682.141,"end":2682.61},{"text":"the","start":2682.803,"end":2682.884},{"text":"exploratory","start":2682.884,"end":2683.579},{"text":"fishing","start":2683.612,"end":2683.983},{"text":"measures","start":2684.08,"end":2684.468},{"text":"and","start":2685.292,"end":2685.373},{"text":"the","start":2685.373,"end":2685.438},{"text":"High","start":2685.438,"end":2685.502},{"text":"Seas","start":2685.567,"end":2685.842},{"text":"Boarding","start":2685.955,"end":2686.214},{"text":"and","start":2686.262,"end":2686.327},{"text":"Inspection","start":2686.327,"end":2686.86},{"text":"Scheme.","start":2686.86,"end":2687.183}]},{"text":"During this next 2-year period, scientific coordinating group will be meeting twice a year to continue its work, and working groups would also be 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conclusion, I would highlight that the parties to CAOFa have recognized that working in the Arctic requires a unique 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with national scientific programs, but also with other organizations, including international organizations, and NGOs, as well as with Indigenous knowledge holders, is essential, and cooperation will be key to the success of the agreement and to the sustainability of any future fishing in the Central Arctic 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A central theme was ensuring cooperation and coherence without undermining existing fisheries mandates."}],"words":[{"text":"Presumably,","start":2989.771,"end":2990.561},{"text":"this","start":2991.561,"end":2991.803},{"text":"would","start":2991.868,"end":2991.981},{"text":"include","start":2992.029,"end":2992.432},{"text":"the","start":2992.432,"end":2992.513},{"text":"General","start":2992.513,"end":2992.836},{"text":"Assembly","start":2992.836,"end":2993.255},{"text":"resolutions","start":2993.255,"end":2993.949},{"text":"besides","start":2994.53,"end":2995.062},{"text":"the","start":2995.11,"end":2995.207},{"text":"Food","start":2995.24,"end":2995.401},{"text":"and","start":2995.594,"end":2995.739},{"text":"Agriculture","start":2995.739,"end":2996.207},{"text":"Organization","start":2996.223,"end":2996.851},{"text":"of","start":2996.948,"end":2997.061},{"text":"the","start":2997.061,"end":2997.19},{"text":"UN,","start":2997.19,"end":2997.48},{"text":"as","start":2997.689,"end":2997.738},{"text":"well","start":2997.85,"end":2998.044},{"text":"as","start":2998.092,"end":2998.237},{"text":"regional","start":2998.253,"end":2998.608},{"text":"fisheries","start":2998.656,"end":2999.027},{"text":"management","start":2999.124,"end":2999.575},{"text":"organizations,","start":2999.704,"end":3000.639},{"text":"including","start":3001.074,"end":3001.606},{"text":"those","start":3001.783,"end":3002.009},{"text":"with","start":3002.041,"end":3002.202},{"text":"a","start":3002.202,"end":3002.218},{"text":"mandate","start":3002.218,"end":3002.669},{"text":"to","start":3002.83,"end":3002.927},{"text":"regulate","start":3002.927,"end":3003.507},{"text":"bottom","start":3003.636,"end":3003.862},{"text":"fishing.","start":3003.959,"end":3004.265}]},{"text":"The agreement also requires parties to cooperate, including through strengthening and enhancing cooperation with and among relevant instruments, frameworks, and bodies, and to endeavor to promote its objectives in decision-making under relevant IFBs.","start":3006.112,"end":3021.787,"topics":[{"key":"bbnj-complementarity","label":"BBNJ Agreement Complementarity","description":"Speakers discussed how the BBNJ Agreement can reinforce existing UN General Assembly, FAO, and RFMO measures on bottom fisheries, VMEs, and biodiversity beyond national jurisdiction. A central theme was ensuring cooperation and coherence without undermining existing fisheries mandates."},{"key":"rfmo-governance","label":"Role of RFMOs and FAO","description":"Many interventions examined the respective roles of RFMOs, FAO, states, and the UN General Assembly in regulating deep-sea fisheries. The discussion emphasized that global bodies should set broad policy direction while regional fisheries organizations apply technically detailed and legally binding measures."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":3006.112,"end":3006.257},{"text":"agreement","start":3006.257,"end":3006.755},{"text":"also","start":3006.82,"end":3007.141},{"text":"requires","start":3007.141,"end":3007.607},{"text":"parties","start":3007.8,"end":3008.25},{"text":"to","start":3008.282,"end":3008.411},{"text":"cooperate,","start":3008.507,"end":3009.183},{"text":"including","start":3009.311,"end":3009.858},{"text":"through","start":3009.954,"end":3010.227},{"text":"strengthening","start":3010.227,"end":3011.063},{"text":"and","start":3011.32,"end":3011.465},{"text":"enhancing","start":3011.481,"end":3012.108},{"text":"cooperation","start":3012.221,"end":3012.912},{"text":"with","start":3013.089,"end":3013.394},{"text":"and","start":3013.571,"end":3013.667},{"text":"among","start":3013.667,"end":3014.037},{"text":"relevant","start":3014.069,"end":3014.728},{"text":"instruments,","start":3014.702,"end":3015.138},{"text":"frameworks,","start":3015.186,"end":3015.654},{"text":"and","start":3015.67,"end":3015.799},{"text":"bodies,","start":3015.832,"end":3016.283},{"text":"and","start":3016.864,"end":3016.961},{"text":"to","start":3016.961,"end":3017.074},{"text":"endeavor","start":3017.107,"end":3017.526},{"text":"to","start":3017.526,"end":3017.655},{"text":"promote","start":3017.688,"end":3018.059},{"text":"its","start":3018.107,"end":3018.317},{"text":"objectives","start":3018.317,"end":3018.914},{"text":"in","start":3019.059,"end":3019.108},{"text":"decision-making","start":3019.205,"end":3020.076},{"text":"under","start":3020.27,"end":3020.576},{"text":"relevant","start":3020.576,"end":3021.125},{"text":"IFBs.","start":3021.303,"end":3021.787}]},{"text":"Several provisions are included in the agreement to give effect to these general requirements.","start":3023.724,"end":3029.256,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Several","start":3023.724,"end":3023.982},{"text":"provisions","start":3023.982,"end":3024.548},{"text":"are","start":3024.775,"end":3024.823},{"text":"included","start":3024.888,"end":3025.486},{"text":"in","start":3025.664,"end":3025.713},{"text":"the","start":3025.907,"end":3025.988},{"text":"agreement","start":3025.988,"end":3026.49},{"text":"to","start":3026.49,"end":3026.619},{"text":"give","start":3026.716,"end":3026.943},{"text":"effect","start":3027.056,"end":3027.622},{"text":"to","start":3027.622,"end":3027.784},{"text":"these","start":3027.784,"end":3027.978},{"text":"general","start":3028.107,"end":3028.463},{"text":"requirements.","start":3028.577,"end":3029.256}]},{"text":"I won't go into detail into all of those, but we'll highlight some of them.","start":3029.402,"end":3033.341,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":3029.402,"end":3029.45},{"text":"won't","start":3029.628,"end":3029.774},{"text":"go","start":3029.806,"end":3030.033},{"text":"into","start":3030.453,"end":3030.745},{"text":"detail","start":3030.777,"end":3031.181},{"text":"into","start":3031.181,"end":3031.473},{"text":"all","start":3031.505,"end":3031.602},{"text":"of","start":3031.651,"end":3031.764},{"text":"those,","start":3031.764,"end":3031.958},{"text":"but","start":3031.99,"end":3032.152},{"text":"we'll","start":3032.152,"end":3032.379},{"text":"highlight","start":3032.379,"end":3032.734},{"text":"some","start":3032.734,"end":3033.01},{"text":"of","start":3033.01,"end":3033.097},{"text":"them.","start":3033.114,"end":3033.341}]},{"text":"So turning now to marine genetic resources, the agreement sets up a framework for the fair and equitable sharing of monetary and non-monetary benefits arising from activities with respect to MGRs of areas beyond national jurisdiction and digital sequence information on such resources.","start":3035.09,"end":3053.23,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":3035.09,"end":3035.138},{"text":"turning","start":3035.218,"end":3035.555},{"text":"now","start":3035.62,"end":3035.796},{"text":"to","start":3035.925,"end":3036.198},{"text":"marine","start":3036.391,"end":3036.777},{"text":"genetic","start":3036.793,"end":3037.355},{"text":"resources,","start":3037.612,"end":3038.303},{"text":"the","start":3038.415,"end":3038.56},{"text":"agreement","start":3038.56,"end":3038.978},{"text":"sets","start":3038.978,"end":3039.267},{"text":"up","start":3039.444,"end":3039.62},{"text":"a","start":3039.62,"end":3039.637},{"text":"framework","start":3039.701,"end":3040.199},{"text":"for","start":3040.263,"end":3040.456},{"text":"the","start":3040.504,"end":3040.584},{"text":"fair","start":3040.584,"end":3040.793},{"text":"and","start":3040.793,"end":3040.874},{"text":"equitable","start":3040.906,"end":3041.452},{"text":"sharing","start":3041.452,"end":3041.838},{"text":"of","start":3041.934,"end":3042.079},{"text":"monetary","start":3042.095,"end":3042.561},{"text":"and","start":3042.898,"end":3042.962},{"text":"non-monetary","start":3042.995,"end":3043.766},{"text":"benefits","start":3043.798,"end":3044.023},{"text":"arising","start":3044.023,"end":3044.151},{"text":"from","start":3044.151,"end":3044.248},{"text":"activities","start":3044.248,"end":3044.425},{"text":"with","start":3044.441,"end":3044.489},{"text":"respect","start":3044.489,"end":3046.513},{"text":"to","start":3046.57,"end":3046.666},{"text":"MGRs","start":3046.666,"end":3047.26},{"text":"of","start":3047.789,"end":3047.95},{"text":"areas","start":3047.95,"end":3048.335},{"text":"beyond","start":3048.367,"end":3048.656},{"text":"national","start":3048.688,"end":3049.073},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":3049.073,"end":3049.779},{"text":"and","start":3050.277,"end":3050.341},{"text":"digital","start":3050.437,"end":3050.871},{"text":"sequence","start":3050.871,"end":3051.336},{"text":"information","start":3051.336,"end":3052.026},{"text":"on","start":3052.219,"end":3052.267},{"text":"such","start":3052.315,"end":3052.588},{"text":"resources.","start":3052.62,"end":3053.23}]},{"text":"It is important to note that the provisions of this part of the agreement shall not apply to fishing that is regulated under relevant international law and fishing-related activities, or to fish or other living marine resources which are known to have been taken in fishing and fishing-related activities from areas beyond national jurisdiction.","start":3054.546,"end":3076.685,"topics":[{"key":"bbnj-complementarity","label":"BBNJ Agreement Complementarity","description":"Speakers discussed how the BBNJ Agreement can reinforce existing UN General Assembly, FAO, and RFMO measures on bottom fisheries, VMEs, and biodiversity beyond national jurisdiction. A central theme was ensuring cooperation and coherence without undermining existing fisheries mandates."},{"key":"rfmo-governance","label":"Role of RFMOs and FAO","description":"Many interventions examined the respective roles of RFMOs, FAO, states, and the UN General Assembly in regulating deep-sea fisheries. The discussion emphasized that global bodies should set broad policy direction while regional fisheries organizations apply technically detailed and legally binding measures."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":3054.546,"end":3054.674},{"text":"is","start":3054.851,"end":3054.915},{"text":"important","start":3055.027,"end":3055.589},{"text":"to","start":3055.589,"end":3055.701},{"text":"note","start":3055.75,"end":3056.247},{"text":"that","start":3056.311,"end":3056.488},{"text":"the","start":3056.488,"end":3056.616},{"text":"provisions","start":3056.616,"end":3057.242},{"text":"of","start":3057.499,"end":3057.724},{"text":"this","start":3057.836,"end":3057.948},{"text":"part","start":3058.077,"end":3058.43},{"text":"of","start":3058.478,"end":3058.606},{"text":"the","start":3058.638,"end":3058.735},{"text":"agreement","start":3058.735,"end":3059.345},{"text":"shall","start":3059.601,"end":3059.794},{"text":"not","start":3059.842,"end":3060.115},{"text":"apply","start":3060.243,"end":3060.516},{"text":"to","start":3060.821,"end":3060.933},{"text":"fishing","start":3061.046,"end":3061.495},{"text":"that","start":3061.688,"end":3061.912},{"text":"is","start":3061.912,"end":3061.977},{"text":"regulated","start":3062.009,"end":3062.747},{"text":"under","start":3062.875,"end":3063.277},{"text":"relevant","start":3063.598,"end":3064.015},{"text":"international","start":3064.015,"end":3064.657},{"text":"law","start":3064.657,"end":3064.753},{"text":"and","start":3065.042,"end":3065.17},{"text":"fishing-related","start":3065.219,"end":3066.069},{"text":"activities,","start":3066.101,"end":3066.791},{"text":"or","start":3067.61,"end":3067.77},{"text":"to","start":3067.77,"end":3067.867},{"text":"fish","start":3067.867,"end":3068.252},{"text":"or","start":3068.493,"end":3068.541},{"text":"other","start":3068.573,"end":3068.83},{"text":"living","start":3068.83,"end":3069.038},{"text":"marine","start":3069.151,"end":3069.359},{"text":"resources","start":3069.455,"end":3070.001},{"text":"which","start":3070.097,"end":3070.306},{"text":"are","start":3070.338,"end":3070.37},{"text":"known","start":3070.37,"end":3070.643},{"text":"to","start":3070.675,"end":3070.804},{"text":"have","start":3070.804,"end":3070.964},{"text":"been","start":3070.996,"end":3071.125},{"text":"taken","start":3071.157,"end":3071.51},{"text":"in","start":3071.783,"end":3071.927},{"text":"fishing","start":3071.943,"end":3072.409},{"text":"and","start":3072.826,"end":3072.923},{"text":"fishing-related","start":3072.923,"end":3073.795},{"text":"activities","start":3073.795,"end":3074.425},{"text":"from","start":3074.538,"end":3074.812},{"text":"areas","start":3074.861,"end":3075.232},{"text":"beyond","start":3075.265,"end":3075.587},{"text":"national","start":3075.587,"end":3075.991},{"text":"jurisdiction.","start":3075.991,"end":3076.685}]},{"text":"That is, of course, except where such fish or other living marine resources are regulated as utilization under that particular part of the agreement.","start":3077.283,"end":3087.254,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"That","start":3077.283,"end":3077.525},{"text":"is,","start":3077.525,"end":3077.654},{"text":"of","start":3077.767,"end":3077.864},{"text":"course,","start":3077.929,"end":3078.316},{"text":"except","start":3078.397,"end":3078.962},{"text":"where","start":3078.962,"end":3079.075},{"text":"such","start":3079.075,"end":3079.35},{"text":"fish","start":3079.527,"end":3079.77},{"text":"or","start":3080.012,"end":3080.06},{"text":"other","start":3080.109,"end":3080.351},{"text":"living","start":3080.351,"end":3080.641},{"text":"marine","start":3080.738,"end":3080.964},{"text":"resources","start":3080.997,"end":3081.53},{"text":"are","start":3081.952,"end":3082.115},{"text":"regulated","start":3082.115,"end":3082.83},{"text":"as","start":3082.944,"end":3083.074},{"text":"utilization","start":3083.091,"end":3083.887},{"text":"under","start":3084.408,"end":3084.733},{"text":"that","start":3084.733,"end":3085.481},{"text":"particular","start":3085.628,"end":3086.115},{"text":"part","start":3086.115,"end":3086.441},{"text":"of","start":3086.457,"end":3086.538},{"text":"the","start":3086.603,"end":3086.685},{"text":"agreement.","start":3086.685,"end":3087.254}]},{"text":"However, one of the objectives of this part of the agreement is the generation of knowledge, scientific understanding, and technological innovation including through the development and conduct of marine scientific research.","start":3088.742,"end":3102.584,"topics":[{"key":"science-data-sharing","label":"Science, Data Sharing, and Monitoring","description":"Participants repeatedly highlighted the importance of best available science, data collection, observer information, habitat mapping, and exchange of technical knowledge. Better scientific cooperation and public access to data were presented as essential for identifying VMEs, understanding connectivity, and improving management decisions."}],"words":[{"text":"However,","start":3088.742,"end":3089.468},{"text":"one","start":3089.936,"end":3090.065},{"text":"of","start":3090.13,"end":3090.211},{"text":"the","start":3090.259,"end":3090.356},{"text":"objectives","start":3090.356,"end":3091.05},{"text":"of","start":3091.163,"end":3091.292},{"text":"this","start":3091.324,"end":3091.599},{"text":"part","start":3091.631,"end":3091.809},{"text":"of","start":3091.809,"end":3091.906},{"text":"the","start":3091.954,"end":3092.051},{"text":"agreement","start":3092.051,"end":3092.583},{"text":"is","start":3092.68,"end":3092.745},{"text":"the","start":3092.777,"end":3092.89},{"text":"generation","start":3093.003,"end":3093.633},{"text":"of","start":3093.891,"end":3094.036},{"text":"knowledge,","start":3094.069,"end":3094.52},{"text":"scientific","start":3094.714,"end":3095.36},{"text":"understanding,","start":3095.36,"end":3096.054},{"text":"and","start":3096.312,"end":3096.409},{"text":"technological","start":3096.474,"end":3097.281},{"text":"innovation","start":3097.281,"end":3097.749},{"text":"including","start":3098.426,"end":3098.971},{"text":"through","start":3099.084,"end":3099.26},{"text":"the","start":3099.309,"end":3099.405},{"text":"development","start":3099.405,"end":3100.192},{"text":"and","start":3100.272,"end":3100.433},{"text":"conduct","start":3100.433,"end":3101.027},{"text":"of","start":3101.091,"end":3101.219},{"text":"marine","start":3101.235,"end":3101.444},{"text":"scientific","start":3101.492,"end":3102.135},{"text":"research.","start":3102.135,"end":3102.584}]},{"text":"In addition, the non-monetary benefits to be shared include access to samples and sample collections, access to digital sequence information, open access to FAIR scientific data, access to information contained in notifications related to collection of MGRs, and this includes important metadata, transfer of marine technology, and increased technical and scientific cooperation.","start":3103.66,"end":3130.113,"topics":[{"key":"science-data-sharing","label":"Science, Data Sharing, and Monitoring","description":"Participants repeatedly highlighted the importance of best available science, data collection, observer information, habitat mapping, and exchange of technical knowledge. Better scientific cooperation and public access to data were presented as essential for identifying VMEs, understanding connectivity, and improving management decisions."},{"key":"capacity-building","label":"Capacity Building and Technology Transfer","description":"Several speakers underscored the need to strengthen developing states' scientific, technical, monitoring, and enforcement capacities. Capacity building, development cooperation, and marine technology transfer were presented as necessary for equitable and effective implementation of deep-sea fisheries and biodiversity obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":3103.66,"end":3103.708},{"text":"addition,","start":3103.804,"end":3104.27},{"text":"the","start":3104.302,"end":3104.398},{"text":"non-monetary","start":3104.398,"end":3105.314},{"text":"benefits","start":3105.346,"end":3105.843},{"text":"to","start":3106.149,"end":3106.277},{"text":"be","start":3106.293,"end":3106.389},{"text":"shared","start":3106.389,"end":3106.919},{"text":"include","start":3107.032,"end":3107.642},{"text":"access","start":3107.834,"end":3108.156},{"text":"to","start":3108.156,"end":3108.316},{"text":"samples","start":3108.316,"end":3108.846},{"text":"and","start":3109.039,"end":3109.103},{"text":"sample","start":3109.119,"end":3109.504},{"text":"collections,","start":3109.52,"end":3110.13},{"text":"access","start":3111.126,"end":3111.527},{"text":"to","start":3111.527,"end":3111.656},{"text":"digital","start":3111.672,"end":3112.073},{"text":"sequence","start":3112.089,"end":3112.459},{"text":"information,","start":3112.571,"end":3113.165},{"text":"open","start":3113.855,"end":3114.064},{"text":"access","start":3114.161,"end":3114.642},{"text":"to","start":3114.642,"end":3114.739},{"text":"FAIR","start":3114.739,"end":3115.076},{"text":"scientific","start":3115.14,"end":3115.782},{"text":"data,","start":3115.846,"end":3116.328},{"text":"access","start":3116.89,"end":3117.291},{"text":"to","start":3117.291,"end":3117.372},{"text":"information","start":3117.388,"end":3117.982},{"text":"contained","start":3118.11,"end":3118.592},{"text":"in","start":3118.592,"end":3118.64},{"text":"notifications","start":3118.688,"end":3119.523},{"text":"related","start":3119.555,"end":3120.037},{"text":"to","start":3120.037,"end":3120.165},{"text":"collection","start":3120.182,"end":3120.695},{"text":"of","start":3120.904,"end":3121},{"text":"MGRs,","start":3121,"end":3121.578},{"text":"and","start":3121.643,"end":3121.739},{"text":"this","start":3121.739,"end":3121.964},{"text":"includes","start":3121.964,"end":3122.413},{"text":"important","start":3122.831,"end":3123.28},{"text":"metadata,","start":3123.393,"end":3124.131},{"text":"transfer","start":3125.094,"end":3125.51},{"text":"of","start":3125.51,"end":3125.591},{"text":"marine","start":3125.639,"end":3125.783},{"text":"technology,","start":3125.895,"end":3126.585},{"text":"and","start":3127.178,"end":3127.242},{"text":"increased","start":3127.322,"end":3127.916},{"text":"technical","start":3127.916,"end":3128.525},{"text":"and","start":3128.541,"end":3128.605},{"text":"scientific","start":3128.637,"end":3129.423},{"text":"cooperation.","start":3129.423,"end":3130.113}]},{"text":"It is therefore expected, in my view, that the implementation of this part may help further scientific knowledge of VMEs and deep-sea fish stocks, including through sharing of data and information with potential relevance to inform the identification of VMEs, understanding of the connectivity of VMEs or genetic stock structure studies.","start":3131.267,"end":3154.16,"topics":[{"key":"science-data-sharing","label":"Science, Data Sharing, and Monitoring","description":"Participants repeatedly highlighted the importance of best available science, data collection, observer information, habitat mapping, and exchange of technical knowledge. Better scientific cooperation and public access to data were presented as essential for identifying VMEs, understanding connectivity, and improving management decisions."},{"key":"deep-sea-stocks","label":"Deep-Sea Fish Stocks and Associated Species","description":"The long-term sustainability of deep-sea fish stocks was a recurring subject, including concerns over depleted stocks, bycatch, and impacts on associated and dependent species. Speakers linked stock sustainability to broader ecosystem protection rather than treating fisheries production and biodiversity conservation as separate issues."},{"key":"vme-protection","label":"Protection of Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems","description":"A major topic was the need to prevent significant adverse impacts on vulnerable marine ecosystems, including corals, sponges, and other deep-sea habitats affected by bottom fishing. Multiple speakers emphasized precautionary closures, stronger implementation, and better protection of areas where VMEs are known or likely to occur."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":3131.267,"end":3131.395},{"text":"is","start":3131.572,"end":3131.716},{"text":"therefore","start":3131.812,"end":3132.261},{"text":"expected,","start":3132.454,"end":3133.24},{"text":"in","start":3133.352,"end":3133.4},{"text":"my","start":3133.496,"end":3133.592},{"text":"view,","start":3133.672,"end":3133.849},{"text":"that","start":3133.993,"end":3134.218},{"text":"the","start":3134.218,"end":3134.314},{"text":"implementation","start":3134.314,"end":3135.003},{"text":"of","start":3135.26,"end":3135.404},{"text":"this","start":3135.436,"end":3135.549},{"text":"part","start":3135.741,"end":3136.11},{"text":"may","start":3136.142,"end":3136.382},{"text":"help","start":3136.382,"end":3136.735},{"text":"further","start":3136.799,"end":3137.216},{"text":"scientific","start":3137.216,"end":3137.986},{"text":"knowledge","start":3137.986,"end":3138.371},{"text":"of","start":3138.627,"end":3138.724},{"text":"VMEs","start":3138.724,"end":3139.285},{"text":"and","start":3139.509,"end":3139.686},{"text":"deep-sea","start":3139.686,"end":3140.071},{"text":"fish","start":3140.071,"end":3140.327},{"text":"stocks,","start":3140.327,"end":3140.872},{"text":"including","start":3141.353,"end":3141.899},{"text":"through","start":3141.931,"end":3142.107},{"text":"sharing","start":3142.107,"end":3142.46},{"text":"of","start":3142.556,"end":3142.62},{"text":"data","start":3142.716,"end":3143.197},{"text":"and","start":3143.278,"end":3143.454},{"text":"information","start":3143.454,"end":3144.047},{"text":"with","start":3144.16,"end":3144.288},{"text":"potential","start":3144.336,"end":3144.833},{"text":"relevance","start":3144.833,"end":3145.378},{"text":"to","start":3145.378,"end":3145.491},{"text":"inform","start":3145.523,"end":3146.1},{"text":"the","start":3146.1,"end":3146.228},{"text":"identification","start":3146.26,"end":3147.11},{"text":"of","start":3147.367,"end":3147.511},{"text":"VMEs,","start":3147.543,"end":3148.168},{"text":"understanding","start":3148.746,"end":3149.419},{"text":"of","start":3149.531,"end":3149.596},{"text":"the","start":3149.628,"end":3149.772},{"text":"connectivity","start":3149.772,"end":3150.494},{"text":"of","start":3150.574,"end":3150.638},{"text":"VMEs","start":3150.67,"end":3151.279},{"text":"or","start":3151.623,"end":3151.673},{"text":"genetic","start":3151.788,"end":3152.809},{"text":"stock","start":3152.809,"end":3153.139},{"text":"structure","start":3153.188,"end":3153.699},{"text":"studies.","start":3153.699,"end":3154.16}]},{"text":"Second, the agreement provides for procedures for the establishment, implementation, and monitoring and review of area-based management tools, including marine protected areas in areas beyond national jurisdiction.","start":3156.509,"end":3168.528,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Second,","start":3156.509,"end":3157.056},{"text":"the","start":3157.12,"end":3157.329},{"text":"agreement","start":3157.361,"end":3157.859},{"text":"provides","start":3157.859,"end":3158.229},{"text":"for","start":3158.341,"end":3158.566},{"text":"procedures","start":3158.566,"end":3159.08},{"text":"for","start":3159.209,"end":3159.305},{"text":"the","start":3159.305,"end":3159.402},{"text":"establishment,","start":3159.402,"end":3160.27},{"text":"implementation,","start":3160.35,"end":3161.041},{"text":"and","start":3161.379,"end":3161.475},{"text":"monitoring","start":3161.539,"end":3162.005},{"text":"and","start":3162.102,"end":3162.262},{"text":"review","start":3162.262,"end":3162.616},{"text":"of","start":3162.905,"end":3163.146},{"text":"area-based","start":3163.146,"end":3163.628},{"text":"management","start":3163.628,"end":3164.078},{"text":"tools,","start":3164.127,"end":3164.416},{"text":"including","start":3164.593,"end":3165.139},{"text":"marine","start":3165.316,"end":3165.542},{"text":"protected","start":3165.639,"end":3166.14},{"text":"areas","start":3166.14,"end":3166.511},{"text":"in","start":3166.704,"end":3166.753},{"text":"areas","start":3166.85,"end":3167.156},{"text":"beyond","start":3167.269,"end":3167.592},{"text":"national","start":3167.592,"end":3167.963},{"text":"jurisdiction.","start":3167.996,"end":3168.528}]},{"text":"Here there are several areas of possible complementarity in the work of the General Assembly on VMEs and this particular part of the agreement.","start":3170.094,"end":3177.998,"topics":[{"key":"bbnj-complementarity","label":"BBNJ Agreement Complementarity","description":"Speakers discussed how the BBNJ Agreement can reinforce existing UN General Assembly, FAO, and RFMO measures on bottom fisheries, VMEs, and biodiversity beyond national jurisdiction. 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The discussion emphasized that global bodies should set broad policy direction while regional fisheries organizations apply technically detailed and legally binding measures."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":3373.975,"end":3374.039},{"text":"parties","start":3374.135,"end":3374.666},{"text":"shall","start":3374.763,"end":3374.891},{"text":"promote","start":3375.004,"end":3375.342},{"text":"the","start":3375.358,"end":3375.487},{"text":"use","start":3375.503,"end":3375.858},{"text":"of","start":3375.97,"end":3376.196},{"text":"EIAs","start":3376.454,"end":3376.792},{"text":"and","start":3377.099,"end":3377.163},{"text":"the","start":3377.276,"end":3377.421},{"text":"adoption","start":3377.421,"end":3377.888},{"text":"and","start":3378.066,"end":3378.162},{"text":"implementation","start":3378.162,"end":3378.92},{"text":"of","start":3379.194,"end":3379.242},{"text":"the","start":3379.274,"end":3379.371},{"text":"standards","start":3379.371,"end":3379.984},{"text":"and/or","start":3380.08,"end":3380.499},{"text":"guidelines","start":3380.499,"end":3381.031},{"text":"developed","start":3381.305,"end":3381.853},{"text":"under","start":3381.934,"end":3382.192},{"text":"the","start":3382.192,"end":3382.337},{"text":"agreement","start":3382.337,"end":3382.917},{"text":"in","start":3382.917,"end":3382.965},{"text":"relevant","start":3383.062,"end":3383.836},{"text":"IFBs.","start":3385.148,"end":3385.294}]},{"text":"I also wish to recall that pursuant to the agreement, it is not necessary to conduct a screening or an EIA under the agreement.","start":3386.767,"end":3395.361,"topics":[{"key":"impact-assessments","label":"Environmental Impact Assessments","description":"Environmental and fisheries impact assessments were repeatedly identified as a core management tool before authorizing bottom fishing in areas beyond national jurisdiction. Speakers also stressed that assessments should be transparent, science-based, regularly updated, and linked to monitoring and adaptive management."}],"words":[{"text":"I","start":3386.767,"end":3386.896},{"text":"also","start":3386.896,"end":3387.171},{"text":"wish","start":3387.236,"end":3387.495},{"text":"to","start":3387.56,"end":3387.673},{"text":"recall","start":3388.45,"end":3388.887},{"text":"that","start":3389.405,"end":3389.583},{"text":"pursuant","start":3389.583,"end":3390.053},{"text":"to","start":3390.053,"end":3390.231},{"text":"the","start":3390.231,"end":3390.312},{"text":"agreement,","start":3390.312,"end":3390.927},{"text":"it","start":3391.024,"end":3391.186},{"text":"is","start":3391.186,"end":3391.25},{"text":"not","start":3391.364,"end":3391.606},{"text":"necessary","start":3391.606,"end":3392.222},{"text":"to","start":3392.335,"end":3392.448},{"text":"conduct","start":3392.561,"end":3392.982},{"text":"a","start":3392.982,"end":3392.998},{"text":"screening","start":3392.998,"end":3393.5},{"text":"or","start":3393.695,"end":3393.873},{"text":"an","start":3393.873,"end":3393.986},{"text":"EIA","start":3394.034,"end":3394.115},{"text":"under","start":3394.18,"end":3394.65},{"text":"the","start":3394.756,"end":3394.845},{"text":"agreement.","start":3394.845,"end":3395.361}]},{"text":"If a party determines that the planned activity has been assessed in accordance with the requirements of other relevant IFBs, and that the assessment already undertaken is equivalent to the one required under the agreement, or the regulations or standards of the relevant IFBs were designed to prevent, mitigate, or manage potential impacts below the threshold for EIAs under the agreement, and they have been complied with.","start":3395.742,"end":3423.711,"topics":[{"key":"impact-assessments","label":"Environmental Impact Assessments","description":"Environmental and fisheries impact assessments were repeatedly identified as a core management tool before authorizing bottom fishing in areas beyond national jurisdiction. 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presentation.","start":3624.759,"end":3627.625,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":3624.759,"end":3624.823},{"text":"with","start":3624.903,"end":3625.08},{"text":"that,","start":3625.08,"end":3625.322},{"text":"that","start":3625.708,"end":3625.981},{"text":"brings","start":3626.191,"end":3626.416},{"text":"me","start":3626.432,"end":3626.545},{"text":"to","start":3626.545,"end":3626.625},{"text":"the","start":3626.689,"end":3626.77},{"text":"end","start":3626.77,"end":3626.931},{"text":"of","start":3626.931,"end":3627.06},{"text":"this","start":3627.06,"end":3627.156},{"text":"presentation.","start":3627.156,"end":3627.625}]},{"text":"Thank you.","start":3627.722,"end":3628.045,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":3627.722,"end":3627.9},{"text":"you.","start":3627.9,"end":3628.045}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Charlotte Salpin","affiliation":"DOALOS","affiliation_full":"DOALOS","group":null,"function":"Senior Legal Officer"}},{"statement_number":30,"start":3633.054,"pageUrl":"/ar/asset/k17/k17b0a2pyy?lang=en&t=3634","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you very much for that, Charlotte.","start":3633.054,"end":3634.767,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":3633.054,"end":3633.297},{"text":"you","start":3633.297,"end":3633.394},{"text":"very","start":3633.394,"end":3633.604},{"text":"much","start":3633.636,"end":3633.846},{"text":"for","start":3633.943,"end":3634.056},{"text":"that,","start":3634.056,"end":3634.266},{"text":"Charlotte.","start":3634.347,"end":3634.767}]},{"text":"And encouraging to hear that there are 92 parties already, only 100 to go to have the whole UN membership, 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think that's an appropriate reminder from this panel.","start":3659.266,"end":3663.327,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":3659.266,"end":3659.282},{"text":"think","start":3659.299,"end":3659.494},{"text":"that's","start":3659.511,"end":3659.69},{"text":"an","start":3659.69,"end":3659.788},{"text":"appropriate","start":3659.788,"end":3660.163},{"text":"reminder","start":3660.163,"end":3661.028},{"text":"from","start":3662.624,"end":3662.758},{"text":"this","start":3662.808,"end":3663.042},{"text":"panel.","start":3663.042,"end":3663.327}]},{"text":"Now, um, we have next up, after Charlotte, Melanie 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sorry.","start":3677.634,"end":3680.485,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":3677.634,"end":3677.714},{"text":"think","start":3677.714,"end":3677.94},{"text":"I","start":3677.94,"end":3677.972},{"text":"butchered","start":3678.037,"end":3678.408},{"text":"your","start":3678.602,"end":3678.763},{"text":"surname","start":3678.844,"end":3679.247},{"text":"before,","start":3679.328,"end":3679.618},{"text":"and","start":3679.667,"end":3679.812},{"text":"I'm","start":3679.815,"end":3679.938},{"text":"so","start":3679.974,"end":3680.168},{"text":"sorry.","start":3680.168,"end":3680.485}]},{"text":"Melanie was also— she was also unable to attend in person and has prepared a recorded presentation which we will play 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Melanie Virtue.","start":3695.998,"end":3696.979,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I'm","start":3695.998,"end":3696.079},{"text":"Melanie","start":3696.159,"end":3696.577},{"text":"Virtue.","start":3696.577,"end":3696.979}]},{"text":"I head the aquatic species team at the Convention on Migratory Species.","start":3697.702,"end":3701.207,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":3697.702,"end":3697.75},{"text":"head","start":3697.847,"end":3698.024},{"text":"the","start":3698.088,"end":3698.184},{"text":"aquatic","start":3698.184,"end":3698.602},{"text":"species","start":3698.602,"end":3699.036},{"text":"team","start":3699.149,"end":3699.342},{"text":"at","start":3699.551,"end":3699.615},{"text":"the","start":3699.631,"end":3699.712},{"text":"Convention","start":3699.712,"end":3700.194},{"text":"on","start":3700.194,"end":3700.274},{"text":"Migratory","start":3700.274,"end":3700.676},{"text":"Species.","start":3700.676,"end":3701.207}]},{"text":"I'm really happy to talk to you at this 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Better scientific cooperation and public access to data were presented as essential for identifying VMEs, understanding connectivity, and improving management decisions."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":3803.26,"end":3803.324},{"text":"as","start":3803.405,"end":3803.469},{"text":"noted","start":3803.566,"end":3803.952},{"text":"here,","start":3803.968,"end":3804.321},{"text":"and","start":3804.531,"end":3804.691},{"text":"using","start":3804.691,"end":3804.916},{"text":"data","start":3806.316,"end":3806.637},{"text":"from","start":3806.637,"end":3806.814},{"text":"the","start":3806.814,"end":3807.055},{"text":"Deep","start":3807.924,"end":3808.1},{"text":"Sea","start":3808.1,"end":3808.342},{"text":"Conservation","start":3809.049,"end":3809.532},{"text":"Coalition,","start":3809.532,"end":3809.984},{"text":"86","start":3811.129,"end":3811.597},{"text":"migratory","start":3812.033,"end":3812.436},{"text":"species","start":3812.436,"end":3812.888},{"text":"were","start":3812.985,"end":3813.065},{"text":"observed","start":3813.065,"end":3813.549},{"text":"on","start":3813.549,"end":3813.646},{"text":"seamounts.","start":3813.646,"end":3814.195}]},{"text":"40% of those are listed under CMS, and 16 Appendix 1 CMS species heavily rely on seamounts.","start":3814.679,"end":3825.843,"topics":[{"key":"seamount-migratory-species","label":"Seamounts and Migratory Species","description":"Several statements focused on seamounts as critical habitats and migratory corridors for marine species, and on the threats posed there by destructive fishing practices. 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CMS-related interventions highlighted protection of seamount ecosystems as important for biodiversity, fisheries sustainability, and migratory species conservation."}],"words":[{"text":"Now","start":3847.704,"end":3847.819},{"text":"getting","start":3847.951,"end":3848.165},{"text":"on","start":3848.263,"end":3848.329},{"text":"to","start":3848.362,"end":3848.461},{"text":"CMS","start":3848.526,"end":3848.987},{"text":"mandates.","start":3849.463,"end":3850.137}]},{"text":"So CMS COP15 was held in March of this year, and it adopted Resolution 15.5 on conserving seamount ecosystems.","start":3852.114,"end":3861.1,"topics":[{"key":"seamount-migratory-species","label":"Seamounts and Migratory Species","description":"Several statements focused on seamounts as critical habitats and migratory corridors for marine species, and on the threats posed there by destructive fishing practices. 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you very much.","start":4049.862,"end":4050.567,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":4049.862,"end":4050.042},{"text":"you","start":4050.042,"end":4050.141},{"text":"very","start":4050.141,"end":4050.321},{"text":"much.","start":4050.354,"end":4050.567}]},{"text":"I'm sorry I couldn't be with you today.","start":4050.863,"end":4052.554,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I'm","start":4050.863,"end":4051.093},{"text":"sorry","start":4051.093,"end":4051.388},{"text":"I","start":4051.421,"end":4051.503},{"text":"couldn't","start":4051.503,"end":4051.832},{"text":"be","start":4051.832,"end":4051.914},{"text":"with","start":4051.914,"end":4052.143},{"text":"you","start":4052.143,"end":4052.242},{"text":"today.","start":4052.242,"end":4052.554}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Melanie Virtue","affiliation":"CMS","affiliation_full":"CMS","group":null,"function":"Head of the Aquatic Species 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weren't able to be with us, but grateful for you making the time to record the 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distinguished delegates, before turning to our remaining panelists, I would like to open the floor, as we have been doing for any questions or statements relating to the first 3 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there any delegations that wish to take the floor at this stage?","start":4089.832,"end":4094.586,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Are","start":4089.832,"end":4089.993},{"text":"there","start":4089.993,"end":4090.317},{"text":"any","start":4090.317,"end":4090.495},{"text":"delegations","start":4090.495,"end":4091.433},{"text":"that","start":4091.627,"end":4091.918},{"text":"wish","start":4091.934,"end":4092.047},{"text":"to","start":4092.257,"end":4092.322},{"text":"take","start":4092.435,"end":4092.743},{"text":"the","start":4092.743,"end":4092.84},{"text":"floor","start":4092.84,"end":4093.244},{"text":"at","start":4093.648,"end":4093.907},{"text":"this","start":4093.955,"end":4094.02},{"text":"stage?","start":4094.069,"end":4094.586}]},{"text":"You can, of course, also do so later 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we need to put that in perspective.","start":4886.37,"end":4888.105,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":4886.37,"end":4886.595},{"text":"we","start":4886.595,"end":4886.691},{"text":"need","start":4886.691,"end":4886.932},{"text":"to","start":4886.932,"end":4887.012},{"text":"put","start":4887.012,"end":4887.221},{"text":"that","start":4887.237,"end":4887.414},{"text":"in","start":4887.414,"end":4887.495},{"text":"perspective.","start":4887.495,"end":4888.105}]},{"text":"When you hear the debate sometimes it looks like we, on the— every morning we wake up with a vessel, we tie a net on the back and we just go around seeing to look if we and find 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doing it for the one we produce ourselves, and that is a major flaw in governance.","start":5275.512,"end":5280.928,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"But","start":5275.512,"end":5275.8},{"text":"doing","start":5276.473,"end":5276.682},{"text":"it","start":5276.714,"end":5276.858},{"text":"for","start":5276.858,"end":5276.97},{"text":"the","start":5277.515,"end":5277.643},{"text":"one","start":5277.659,"end":5277.723},{"text":"we","start":5277.835,"end":5277.915},{"text":"produce","start":5277.915,"end":5278.236},{"text":"ourselves,","start":5278.252,"end":5278.732},{"text":"and","start":5278.797,"end":5278.861},{"text":"that","start":5278.941,"end":5279.117},{"text":"is","start":5279.117,"end":5279.165},{"text":"a","start":5279.277,"end":5279.293},{"text":"major","start":5279.293,"end":5279.758},{"text":"flaw","start":5279.758,"end":5280.078},{"text":"in","start":5280.335,"end":5280.415},{"text":"governance.","start":5280.479,"end":5280.928}]},{"text":"Actually, when we try to do that 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has not been the case, I want to be on the record saying that.","start":5308.186,"end":5310.607,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"It","start":5308.186,"end":5308.282},{"text":"has","start":5308.282,"end":5308.41},{"text":"not","start":5308.442,"end":5308.603},{"text":"been","start":5308.603,"end":5308.731},{"text":"the","start":5308.763,"end":5308.907},{"text":"case,","start":5308.907,"end":5309.164},{"text":"I","start":5309.228,"end":5309.244},{"text":"want","start":5309.308,"end":5309.469},{"text":"to","start":5309.469,"end":5309.549},{"text":"be","start":5309.549,"end":5309.629},{"text":"on","start":5309.645,"end":5309.725},{"text":"the","start":5309.725,"end":5309.869},{"text":"record","start":5309.869,"end":5310.11},{"text":"saying","start":5310.11,"end":5310.335},{"text":"that.","start":5310.431,"end":5310.607}]},{"text":"Look-alike species and so on are not the way to do.","start":5311.072,"end":5313.109,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Look-alike","start":5311.072,"end":5311.505},{"text":"species","start":5311.569,"end":5311.938},{"text":"and","start":5311.97,"end":5312.099},{"text":"so","start":5312.115,"end":5312.307},{"text":"on","start":5312.307,"end":5312.371},{"text":"are","start":5312.371,"end":5312.532},{"text":"not","start":5312.532,"end":5312.676},{"text":"the","start":5312.676,"end":5312.756},{"text":"way","start":5312.756,"end":5312.916},{"text":"to","start":5312.916,"end":5313.013},{"text":"do.","start":5313.013,"end":5313.109}]},{"text":"What I'm saying is to really look into 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On behalf of the International Coalition of Fisheries Associations, ICFA.","start":5432.489,"end":5441.787,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":5432.489,"end":5432.658},{"text":"you","start":5432.658,"end":5432.742},{"text":"very","start":5432.742,"end":5432.978},{"text":"much,","start":5432.978,"end":5433.113},{"text":"Iván.","start":5433.332,"end":5433.635},{"text":"On","start":5434.533,"end":5434.631},{"text":"behalf","start":5434.631,"end":5434.976},{"text":"of","start":5435.025,"end":5435.123},{"text":"the","start":5435.123,"end":5435.32},{"text":"International","start":5435.452,"end":5436.01},{"text":"Coalition","start":5436.01,"end":5436.453},{"text":"of","start":5436.453,"end":5436.519},{"text":"Fisheries","start":5436.519,"end":5436.978},{"text":"Associations,","start":5437.093,"end":5437.963},{"text":"ICFA.","start":5441.578,"end":5441.787}]},{"text":"There was a lot to your presentation, but one of the questions one can take away from it is, is can the industry 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we have had best available science as a recurring theme 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this workshop.","start":5461.126,"end":5462.212,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"during","start":5461.126,"end":5461.324},{"text":"this","start":5461.373,"end":5461.439},{"text":"workshop.","start":5461.554,"end":5462.212}]},{"text":"But speaking of the workshop in general, dear delegates, we now have our last panelist for the workshop, and the person who gets the honor is Matthew Gianni, co-founder of the Deep Sea Conservation Coalition, the 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we heard informally just before, you have quite some history with bottom fishing.","start":5482.965,"end":5489.643,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"As","start":5482.965,"end":5483.112},{"text":"we","start":5483.29,"end":5483.486},{"text":"heard","start":5483.534,"end":5483.843},{"text":"informally","start":5484.77,"end":5485.388},{"text":"just","start":5485.73,"end":5485.99},{"text":"before,","start":5485.99,"end":5486.348},{"text":"you","start":5487.262,"end":5487.359},{"text":"have","start":5487.408,"end":5487.554},{"text":"quite","start":5487.748,"end":5487.975},{"text":"some","start":5487.975,"end":5488.088},{"text":"history","start":5488.137,"end":5488.445},{"text":"with","start":5488.72,"end":5488.995},{"text":"bottom","start":5489.044,"end":5489.287},{"text":"fishing.","start":5489.287,"end":5489.643}]},{"text":"I wasn't aware of that actually, that you had been a creamer.","start":5489.919,"end":5492.041,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":5489.919,"end":5489.935},{"text":"wasn't","start":5489.935,"end":5490.194},{"text":"aware","start":5490.227,"end":5490.405},{"text":"of","start":5490.405,"end":5490.453},{"text":"that","start":5490.486,"end":5490.745},{"text":"actually,","start":5490.745,"end":5490.988},{"text":"that","start":5491.069,"end":5491.215},{"text":"you","start":5491.215,"end":5491.312},{"text":"had","start":5491.312,"end":5491.409},{"text":"been","start":5491.458,"end":5491.539},{"text":"a","start":5491.555,"end":5491.62},{"text":"creamer.","start":5491.62,"end":5492.041}]},{"text":"So I thought that was 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Janney.","start":5494.39,"end":5497.122,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"But","start":5494.39,"end":5494.471},{"text":"with","start":5494.503,"end":5494.682},{"text":"that,","start":5494.747,"end":5495.219},{"text":"I","start":5495.3,"end":5495.317},{"text":"give","start":5495.626,"end":5495.821},{"text":"you","start":5495.87,"end":5496.016},{"text":"the","start":5496.032,"end":5496.13},{"text":"floor,","start":5496.13,"end":5496.325},{"text":"Mr.","start":5496.602,"end":5496.797},{"text":"Janney.","start":5496.846,"end":5497.122}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":null,"affiliation_full":null,"group":null,"function":"Moderator"}},{"statement_number":48,"start":5497.366,"pageUrl":"/ar/asset/k17/k17b0a2pyy?lang=en&t=5498","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Okay, thank you, Madam Moderator.","start":5497.366,"end":5500.749,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Okay,","start":5497.366,"end":5499.058},{"text":"thank","start":5499.302,"end":5499.546},{"text":"you,","start":5499.546,"end":5499.643},{"text":"Madam","start":5500.017,"end":5500.261},{"text":"Moderator.","start":5500.261,"end":5500.749}]},{"text":"I'll wait till the presentation comes up on the screen, but just to introduce the Deep Sea Conservation Coalition, my first 2 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is a coalition of over 140 organizations worldwide looking to protect deep-sea ecosystems from multiple anthropogenic impacts or threats.","start":5513.132,"end":5525.081,"topics":[{"key":"deep-sea-stocks","label":"Deep-Sea Fish Stocks and Associated Species","description":"The long-term sustainability of deep-sea fish stocks was a recurring subject, including concerns over depleted stocks, bycatch, and impacts on associated and dependent species. 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CMS-related interventions highlighted protection of seamount ecosystems as important for biodiversity, fisheries sustainability, and migratory species conservation."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":5554.27,"end":5554.302},{"text":"2022—","start":5554.366,"end":5555.365},{"text":"I'm","start":5555.526,"end":5556.089},{"text":"sorry,","start":5556.154,"end":5556.331},{"text":"2002,","start":5556.396,"end":5557.265},{"text":"the","start":5557.281,"end":5557.523},{"text":"General","start":5558.071,"end":5558.28},{"text":"Assembly","start":5558.296,"end":5558.618},{"text":"first","start":5558.634,"end":5558.892},{"text":"called","start":5558.892,"end":5559.15},{"text":"for","start":5559.15,"end":5559.359},{"text":"urgent","start":5559.44,"end":5559.858},{"text":"consideration","start":5559.858,"end":5560.567},{"text":"of","start":5560.567,"end":5560.648},{"text":"the","start":5560.648,"end":5560.744},{"text":"risks","start":5560.744,"end":5561.034},{"text":"to","start":5561.147,"end":5561.276},{"text":"the","start":5561.292,"end":5561.388},{"text":"biodiversity","start":5561.388,"end":5561.952},{"text":"of","start":5561.952,"end":5562.097},{"text":"seamounts","start":5562.097,"end":5562.613},{"text":"and","start":5562.613,"end":5562.757},{"text":"other","start":5562.757,"end":5562.999},{"text":"underwater","start":5562.999,"end":5563.402},{"text":"features.","start":5563.404,"end":5563.881}]},{"text":"And that's Resolution, the oceans— the omnibus resolution, 57-141.","start":5564.751,"end":5568.545,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":5564.751,"end":5564.802},{"text":"that's","start":5564.802,"end":5567.002},{"text":"Resolution,","start":5565.17,"end":5565.638},{"text":"the","start":5565.67,"end":5565.767},{"text":"oceans—","start":5565.767,"end":5566.138},{"text":"the","start":5566.252,"end":5566.413},{"text":"omnibus","start":5566.413,"end":5566.817},{"text":"resolution,","start":5566.817,"end":5567.35},{"text":"57-141.","start":5567.447,"end":5568.545}]},{"text":"Many countries, scientists, the DSCC, and other NGOs called for a moratorium on bottom trawling on the high seas to protect seamounts unless or until they could be managed consistent with international law.","start":5569.805,"end":5583.813,"topics":[{"key":"seamount-migratory-species","label":"Seamounts and Migratory Species","description":"Several statements focused on seamounts as critical habitats and migratory corridors for marine species, and on the threats posed there by destructive fishing practices. 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Multiple speakers emphasized precautionary closures, stronger implementation, and better protection of areas where VMEs are known or likely to occur."}],"words":[{"text":"Yes.","start":5590.43,"end":5590.495},{"text":"5","start":5590.597,"end":5590.845},{"text":"was","start":5590.88,"end":5591.074},{"text":"adopted,","start":5591.074,"end":5591.604},{"text":"which","start":5592.68,"end":5592.76},{"text":"included","start":5592.76,"end":5593.116},{"text":"language","start":5593.116,"end":5593.488},{"text":"in","start":5593.521,"end":5593.569},{"text":"paragraph","start":5593.682,"end":5594.087},{"text":"67,","start":5594.087,"end":5594.718},{"text":"I","start":5594.799,"end":5594.879},{"text":"believe","start":5594.879,"end":5595.138},{"text":"it","start":5595.138,"end":5595.187},{"text":"was,","start":5595.219,"end":5595.429},{"text":"including","start":5596.998,"end":5597.37},{"text":"consideration","start":5597.403,"end":5598.05},{"text":"of","start":5598.05,"end":5598.147},{"text":"an","start":5598.147,"end":5598.212},{"text":"interim","start":5598.212,"end":5598.6},{"text":"prohibition","start":5598.6,"end":5599.36},{"text":"on","start":5599.57,"end":5599.797},{"text":"bottom","start":5599.829,"end":5600.056},{"text":"trawling","start":5600.056,"end":5600.442},{"text":"on","start":5600.7,"end":5600.957},{"text":"seamounts","start":5600.957,"end":5601.505},{"text":"impacting","start":5601.505,"end":5601.972},{"text":"VMEs.","start":5602.004,"end":5602.503}]},{"text":"And as you all know, an agreement was reached 20 years ago in Resolution 2006/61.05 and reinforced in 2009/6472, grounded in key Fish stocks agreements and provisions, or obligations I should say, as follows.","start":5603.92,"end":5621.801,"topics":[{"key":"rfmo-governance","label":"Role of RFMOs and FAO","description":"Many interventions examined the respective roles of RFMOs, FAO, states, and the UN General Assembly in regulating deep-sea fisheries. 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Speakers also stressed that assessments should be transparent, science-based, regularly updated, and linked to monitoring and adaptive management."},{"key":"vme-protection","label":"Protection of Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems","description":"A major topic was the need to prevent significant adverse impacts on vulnerable marine ecosystems, including corals, sponges, and other deep-sea habitats affected by bottom fishing. Multiple speakers emphasized precautionary closures, stronger implementation, and better protection of areas where VMEs are known or likely to occur."},{"key":"science-data-sharing","label":"Science, Data Sharing, and Monitoring","description":"Participants repeatedly highlighted the importance of best available science, data collection, observer information, habitat mapping, and exchange of technical knowledge. 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are communities of species.","start":6108.85,"end":6110.338,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"These","start":6108.85,"end":6109.011},{"text":"are","start":6109.011,"end":6109.108},{"text":"communities","start":6109.108,"end":6109.723},{"text":"of","start":6109.755,"end":6109.836},{"text":"species.","start":6109.836,"end":6110.338}]},{"text":"It's not just VME indicator species.","start":6110.402,"end":6112.149,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"It's","start":6110.402,"end":6110.564},{"text":"not","start":6110.564,"end":6110.726},{"text":"just","start":6110.726,"end":6111.033},{"text":"VME","start":6111.033,"end":6111.373},{"text":"indicator","start":6111.373,"end":6111.777},{"text":"species.","start":6111.777,"end":6112.149}]},{"text":"And I'll come back to 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other IFBs, instruments, frameworks, and bodies, have called for action to protect seamounts.","start":6121.032,"end":6126.128,"topics":[{"key":"seamount-migratory-species","label":"Seamounts and Migratory Species","description":"Several statements focused on seamounts as critical habitats and migratory corridors for marine species, and on the threats posed there by destructive fishing practices. CMS-related interventions highlighted protection of seamount ecosystems as important for biodiversity, fisheries sustainability, and migratory species conservation."}],"words":[{"text":"But","start":6121.032,"end":6121.176},{"text":"other","start":6121.256,"end":6121.529},{"text":"IFBs,","start":6121.657,"end":6122.042},{"text":"instruments,","start":6122.058,"end":6122.875},{"text":"frameworks,","start":6123.5,"end":6123.836},{"text":"and","start":6123.852,"end":6123.996},{"text":"bodies,","start":6123.996,"end":6124.285},{"text":"have","start":6124.317,"end":6124.525},{"text":"called","start":6124.541,"end":6124.718},{"text":"for","start":6124.718,"end":6124.958},{"text":"action","start":6124.958,"end":6125.166},{"text":"to","start":6125.262,"end":6125.358},{"text":"protect","start":6125.358,"end":6125.695},{"text":"seamounts.","start":6125.695,"end":6126.128}]},{"text":"CMS COP16 prioritized the protection of seamount ecosystems from multiple threats, including overfishing and destructive fish practice.","start":6126.881,"end":6133.947,"topics":[{"key":"seamount-migratory-species","label":"Seamounts and Migratory Species","description":"Several statements focused on seamounts as critical habitats and migratory corridors for marine species, and on the threats posed there by destructive fishing practices. 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CBD decision language was incorporated almost verbatim into the General Assembly resolution adopted later that 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was Resolution 77118.","start":6211.297,"end":6214.072,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"That","start":6211.297,"end":6211.409},{"text":"was","start":6211.537,"end":6211.601},{"text":"Resolution","start":6211.858,"end":6212.323},{"text":"77118.","start":6212.371,"end":6214.072}]},{"text":"That language on bottom fisheries has been carried through to the most recent fisheries resolution, 8109, adopted in 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just to go through a bit of that language, this is the newer stuff more or less, but paragraph 211 of 77/118 recognizes— the General Assembly recognizes the need for further progress with regard to obtaining more biological information on the species that comprise vulnerable marine ecosystems, including their associated and dependent species, the assessment of significant adverse impacts on vulnerable marine ecosystems, and protecting biodiversity— protecting and conserving biodiversity including beyond vulnerable marine ecosystems.","start":6229.115,"end":6262.57,"topics":[{"key":"science-data-sharing","label":"Science, Data Sharing, and Monitoring","description":"Participants repeatedly highlighted the importance of best available science, data collection, observer information, habitat mapping, and exchange of technical knowledge. Better scientific cooperation and public access to data were presented as essential for identifying VMEs, understanding connectivity, and improving management decisions."},{"key":"vme-protection","label":"Protection of Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems","description":"A major topic was the need to prevent significant adverse impacts on vulnerable marine ecosystems, including corals, sponges, and other deep-sea habitats affected by bottom fishing. 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I'm taking this language verbatim from the resolutions.","start":6262.619,"end":6264.996,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":6262.619,"end":6262.715},{"text":"I'm","start":6262.715,"end":6262.843},{"text":"taking","start":6262.843,"end":6263.116},{"text":"this","start":6263.149,"end":6263.309},{"text":"language","start":6263.309,"end":6263.63},{"text":"verbatim","start":6263.646,"end":6264.209},{"text":"from","start":6264.273,"end":6264.385},{"text":"the","start":6264.433,"end":6264.514},{"text":"resolutions.","start":6264.514,"end":6264.996}]},{"text":"2012, paragraph 2012 states, identify and overcome barriers to the implementation of the relevant paragraphs of General Assembly resolutions, the previous paragraphs that are the subject of this workshop here today and yesterday, this week, and 2013 to ensure that the precautionary approach is applied, including in the utilization of impact assessments to inform management decisions and consideration of significant adverse impacts on vulnerable marine ecosystems, including their associated and dependent species.","start":6266.152,"end":6296.338,"topics":[{"key":"impact-assessments","label":"Environmental Impact Assessments","description":"Environmental and fisheries impact assessments were repeatedly identified as a core management tool before authorizing bottom fishing in areas beyond national jurisdiction. 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with that, let me conclude and say thank you.","start":6489.927,"end":6491.638,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":6489.927,"end":6490.024},{"text":"with","start":6490.024,"end":6490.105},{"text":"that,","start":6490.105,"end":6490.25},{"text":"let","start":6490.266,"end":6490.411},{"text":"me","start":6490.411,"end":6490.508},{"text":"conclude","start":6490.589,"end":6490.993},{"text":"and","start":6490.993,"end":6491.073},{"text":"say","start":6491.073,"end":6491.299},{"text":"thank","start":6491.38,"end":6491.541},{"text":"you.","start":6491.541,"end":6491.638}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Matthew Gianni","affiliation":"DSCC","affiliation_full":"DSCC","group":null,"function":"Co-founder"}},{"statement_number":49,"start":6495.97,"pageUrl":"/ar/asset/k17/k17b0a2pyy?lang=en&t=6496","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"And that concludes the last panel presentation of this 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Yes, I see you there.","start":6589.876,"end":6592.157,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":6589.876,"end":6589.988},{"text":"is","start":6590.1,"end":6590.165},{"text":"Greenpeace.","start":6590.197,"end":6590.791},{"text":"Yes,","start":6591.064,"end":6591.257},{"text":"I","start":6591.546,"end":6591.594},{"text":"see","start":6591.627,"end":6591.868},{"text":"you","start":6591.868,"end":6592.028},{"text":"there.","start":6592.028,"end":6592.157}]},{"text":"You have the floor.","start":6593.072,"end":6593.779,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"You","start":6593.072,"end":6593.217},{"text":"have","start":6593.233,"end":6593.362},{"text":"the","start":6593.474,"end":6593.554},{"text":"floor.","start":6593.554,"end":6593.779}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":null,"affiliation_full":null,"group":null,"function":"Moderator"}},{"statement_number":52,"start":6597.381,"pageUrl":"/ar/asset/k17/k17b0a2pyy?lang=en&t=6598","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Madam Chair.","start":6597.381,"end":6598.102,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":6597.381,"end":6597.541},{"text":"you,","start":6597.541,"end":6597.573},{"text":"Madam","start":6597.621,"end":6597.845},{"text":"Chair.","start":6597.877,"end":6598.102}]},{"text":"I'm reading this statement on behalf of Greenpeace, Oceans North, NRDC, DSEC, DOCI, and Pew.","start":6598.214,"end":6606.675,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I'm","start":6598.214,"end":6598.406},{"text":"reading","start":6598.502,"end":6598.647},{"text":"this","start":6598.743,"end":6598.935},{"text":"statement","start":6598.935,"end":6599.64},{"text":"on","start":6599.64,"end":6599.768},{"text":"behalf","start":6599.8,"end":6600.217},{"text":"of","start":6600.217,"end":6600.313},{"text":"Greenpeace,","start":6600.425,"end":6600.89},{"text":"Oceans","start":6601.323,"end":6601.659},{"text":"North,","start":6601.723,"end":6602.06},{"text":"NRDC,","start":6602.605,"end":6603.342},{"text":"DSEC,","start":6603.887,"end":6604.416},{"text":"DOCI,","start":6605.393,"end":6605.746},{"text":"and","start":6606.275,"end":6606.435},{"text":"Pew.","start":6606.435,"end":6606.675}]},{"text":"This review is a crucial milestone since the adoption of UNGA Resolution 61/105 20 years ago.","start":6607.717,"end":6613.518,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":6607.717,"end":6607.861},{"text":"review","start":6607.957,"end":6608.23},{"text":"is","start":6608.23,"end":6608.342},{"text":"a","start":6608.374,"end":6608.454},{"text":"crucial","start":6608.454,"end":6608.887},{"text":"milestone","start":6609.095,"end":6609.64},{"text":"since","start":6609.64,"end":6609.88},{"text":"the","start":6609.88,"end":6609.976},{"text":"adoption","start":6609.976,"end":6610.345},{"text":"of","start":6610.457,"end":6610.698},{"text":"UNGA","start":6610.842,"end":6611.098},{"text":"Resolution","start":6611.178,"end":6611.659},{"text":"61/105","start":6611.659,"end":6612.749},{"text":"20","start":6612.845,"end":6613.101},{"text":"years","start":6613.165,"end":6613.31},{"text":"ago.","start":6613.358,"end":6613.518}]},{"text":"There has been progress compared to the situation 2 decades ago.","start":6614.608,"end":6618.245,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"There","start":6614.608,"end":6614.704},{"text":"has","start":6614.704,"end":6614.912},{"text":"been","start":6614.944,"end":6615.104},{"text":"progress","start":6615.104,"end":6615.505},{"text":"compared","start":6615.505,"end":6616.114},{"text":"to","start":6616.29,"end":6616.451},{"text":"the","start":6616.707,"end":6616.787},{"text":"situation","start":6616.787,"end":6617.316},{"text":"2","start":6617.428,"end":6617.556},{"text":"decades","start":6617.572,"end":6617.893},{"text":"ago.","start":6617.973,"end":6618.245}]},{"text":"However, Since the last review in 2022, we have been far too slow to match the urgency of biodiversity loss and degradation these ecosystems are facing.","start":6619.015,"end":6628.616,"topics":[{"key":"vme-protection","label":"Protection of Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems","description":"A major topic was the need to prevent significant adverse impacts on vulnerable marine ecosystems, including corals, sponges, and other deep-sea habitats affected by bottom fishing. 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Speakers linked stock sustainability to broader ecosystem protection rather than treating fisheries production and biodiversity conservation as separate issues."},{"key":"climate-resilience","label":"Climate Change and Ecosystem Resilience","description":"The proceedings also addressed cumulative impacts from climate change and ocean acidification alongside fishing pressure. 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Speakers linked stock sustainability to broader ecosystem protection rather than treating fisheries production and biodiversity conservation as separate issues."}],"words":[{"text":"Given","start":6708.826,"end":6709.05},{"text":"their","start":6709.163,"end":6709.339},{"text":"life","start":6709.403,"end":6709.628},{"text":"history","start":6709.708,"end":6710.045},{"text":"traits,","start":6710.045,"end":6710.638},{"text":"deep-sea","start":6710.846,"end":6711.247},{"text":"species","start":6711.247,"end":6711.616},{"text":"are","start":6711.712,"end":6711.808},{"text":"extremely","start":6711.808,"end":6712.29},{"text":"vulnerable","start":6712.45,"end":6712.899},{"text":"to","start":6712.931,"end":6713.075},{"text":"fishing","start":6713.075,"end":6713.332},{"text":"pressure.","start":6713.396,"end":6713.813}]},{"text":"Much progress is needed on that front too, as the FAO recognized in its presentation yesterday.","start":6714.39,"end":6719.906,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Much","start":6714.39,"end":6714.583},{"text":"progress","start":6714.679,"end":6715.112},{"text":"is","start":6715.112,"end":6715.224},{"text":"needed","start":6715.256,"end":6715.497},{"text":"on","start":6715.497,"end":6715.545},{"text":"that","start":6715.641,"end":6715.801},{"text":"front","start":6715.801,"end":6716.122},{"text":"too,","start":6716.122,"end":6716.234},{"text":"as","start":6716.523,"end":6716.587},{"text":"the","start":6716.683,"end":6716.844},{"text":"FAO","start":6716.94,"end":6717.1},{"text":"recognized","start":6717.341,"end":6718.03},{"text":"in","start":6718.287,"end":6718.335},{"text":"its","start":6718.399,"end":6718.72},{"text":"presentation","start":6718.784,"end":6719.393},{"text":"yesterday.","start":6719.425,"end":6719.906}]},{"text":"Let me summarize this final intervention by going back to 2 of the points we made yesterday.","start":6721.35,"end":6726.593,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Let","start":6721.35,"end":6721.478},{"text":"me","start":6721.51,"end":6721.542},{"text":"summarize","start":6721.59,"end":6722.039},{"text":"this","start":6722.071,"end":6722.231},{"text":"final","start":6722.231,"end":6722.52},{"text":"intervention","start":6722.552,"end":6723.146},{"text":"by","start":6723.755,"end":6723.979},{"text":"going","start":6724.38,"end":6724.605},{"text":"back","start":6724.637,"end":6724.893},{"text":"to","start":6724.893,"end":6725.054},{"text":"2","start":6725.054,"end":6725.262},{"text":"of","start":6725.358,"end":6725.487},{"text":"the","start":6725.503,"end":6725.599},{"text":"points","start":6725.599,"end":6725.904},{"text":"we","start":6725.904,"end":6725.936},{"text":"made","start":6725.936,"end":6726.176},{"text":"yesterday.","start":6726.176,"end":6726.593}]},{"text":"First, states must phase out bottom trawling on seamounts to prevent further destruction of VMEs, but also to protect stocks and vulnerable migratory species.","start":6727.186,"end":6737.105,"topics":[{"key":"vme-protection","label":"Protection of Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems","description":"A major topic was the need to prevent significant adverse impacts on vulnerable marine ecosystems, including corals, sponges, and other deep-sea habitats affected by bottom fishing. 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CMS-related interventions highlighted protection of seamount ecosystems as important for biodiversity, fisheries sustainability, and migratory species conservation."}],"words":[{"text":"First,","start":6727.186,"end":6727.683},{"text":"states","start":6728.26,"end":6728.628},{"text":"must","start":6728.628,"end":6729.205},{"text":"phase","start":6729.269,"end":6729.494},{"text":"out","start":6729.606,"end":6729.734},{"text":"bottom","start":6729.75,"end":6730.006},{"text":"trawling","start":6730.006,"end":6730.295},{"text":"on","start":6730.327,"end":6730.407},{"text":"seamounts","start":6730.407,"end":6730.888},{"text":"to","start":6730.888,"end":6731.048},{"text":"prevent","start":6731.048,"end":6731.353},{"text":"further","start":6731.353,"end":6731.689},{"text":"destruction","start":6731.689,"end":6732.218},{"text":"of","start":6732.266,"end":6732.33},{"text":"VMEs,","start":6732.33,"end":6732.827},{"text":"but","start":6733.372,"end":6733.516},{"text":"also","start":6733.516,"end":6733.884},{"text":"to","start":6733.916,"end":6734.061},{"text":"protect","start":6734.077,"end":6734.429},{"text":"stocks","start":6734.429,"end":6734.814},{"text":"and","start":6734.974,"end":6735.038},{"text":"vulnerable","start":6735.134,"end":6735.567},{"text":"migratory","start":6736,"end":6736.737},{"text":"species.","start":6736.737,"end":6737.105}]},{"text":"We cannot afford to keep destroying ecosystems that take centuries to recover.","start":6737.859,"end":6741.945,"topics":[{"key":"vme-protection","label":"Protection of Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems","description":"A major topic was the need to prevent significant adverse impacts on vulnerable marine ecosystems, including corals, sponges, and other deep-sea habitats affected by bottom fishing. 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The discussion emphasized that global bodies should set broad policy direction while regional fisheries organizations apply technically detailed and legally binding measures."}],"words":[{"text":"Second,","start":6743.002,"end":6743.772},{"text":"states","start":6743.788,"end":6744.108},{"text":"must","start":6744.108,"end":6744.316},{"text":"recognize","start":6744.332,"end":6744.797},{"text":"the","start":6744.829,"end":6744.989},{"text":"urgency","start":6744.989,"end":6745.39},{"text":"of","start":6745.39,"end":6745.534},{"text":"ocean","start":6745.534,"end":6745.855},{"text":"protection","start":6745.855,"end":6746.32},{"text":"and","start":6746.656,"end":6746.752},{"text":"the","start":6746.752,"end":6746.912},{"text":"evolving","start":6746.912,"end":6747.361},{"text":"landscape","start":6747.457,"end":6747.97},{"text":"of","start":6747.97,"end":6748.194},{"text":"ocean","start":6748.194,"end":6748.467},{"text":"governance.","start":6748.515,"end":6749.156}]},{"text":"States must use every tool at their disposal be it in their capacity as parties to RFMOs but also to other conventions and agreements such as the CBD and the new VBNJ Treaty, to adopt a wide range of measures to ensure protection and recovery of deep-sea ecosystems.","start":6749.893,"end":6766.584,"topics":[{"key":"bbnj-complementarity","label":"BBNJ Agreement Complementarity","description":"Speakers discussed how the BBNJ Agreement can reinforce existing UN General Assembly, FAO, and RFMO measures on bottom fisheries, VMEs, and biodiversity beyond national jurisdiction. A central theme was ensuring cooperation and coherence without undermining existing fisheries mandates."},{"key":"rfmo-governance","label":"Role of RFMOs and FAO","description":"Many interventions examined the respective roles of RFMOs, FAO, states, and the UN General Assembly in regulating deep-sea fisheries. The discussion emphasized that global bodies should set broad policy direction while regional fisheries organizations apply technically detailed and legally binding measures."},{"key":"vme-protection","label":"Protection of Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems","description":"A major topic was the need to prevent significant adverse impacts on vulnerable marine ecosystems, including corals, sponges, and other deep-sea habitats affected by bottom fishing. 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on the list of speakers— I do now have Iceland asking for the floor, so I will refrain from rambling on 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presenters.","start":6804.4,"end":6807.048,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":6804.4,"end":6804.643},{"text":"you,","start":6804.643,"end":6804.692},{"text":"moderator,","start":6804.708,"end":6805.131},{"text":"and","start":6805.196,"end":6805.293},{"text":"thank","start":6805.293,"end":6805.521},{"text":"you","start":6805.521,"end":6805.586},{"text":"to","start":6805.618,"end":6805.813},{"text":"all","start":6805.846,"end":6805.895},{"text":"the","start":6805.943,"end":6806.138},{"text":"presenters.","start":6806.658,"end":6807.048}]},{"text":"I have a few comments, not necessarily just in form of questions to the panelists, but since we have a segment which is on opportunities and challenges in further addressing the impacts of bottom fisheries on VMEs and long-term sustainability of deep sea fish stocks, and since this is the last substantive segment, I thought I should make a few 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I'm not so familiar with the details of this, so I'm not stating any opinion on what action is needed, if any, there, but I'm just reading the room, so to speak, regarding what have been primarily highlighted, and it's not general 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is saying that the implementation of the UNGA resolutions is completely lacking.","start":7209.81,"end":7216.864,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Nobody","start":7209.81,"end":7210.115},{"text":"is","start":7210.147,"end":7210.195},{"text":"saying","start":7210.227,"end":7210.597},{"text":"that","start":7210.79,"end":7211.208},{"text":"the","start":7211.577,"end":7211.77},{"text":"implementation","start":7212.075,"end":7212.847},{"text":"of","start":7213.184,"end":7213.248},{"text":"the","start":7213.49,"end":7213.714},{"text":"UNGA","start":7214.084,"end":7214.261},{"text":"resolutions","start":7214.968,"end":7215.547},{"text":"is","start":7216.013,"end":7216.109},{"text":"completely","start":7216.157,"end":7216.575},{"text":"lacking.","start":7216.639,"end":7216.864}]},{"text":"It's some highlighting of seamounts and in that perspective even particularly in some individual cases in the Pacific 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The discussion emphasized that global bodies should set broad policy direction while regional fisheries organizations apply technically detailed and legally binding measures."}],"words":[{"text":"That","start":7284.243,"end":7284.404},{"text":"includes","start":7284.404,"end":7284.79},{"text":"setting","start":7285.136,"end":7285.444},{"text":"conservation","start":7285.46,"end":7285.912},{"text":"management","start":7285.961,"end":7286.268},{"text":"measures","start":7286.268,"end":7286.656},{"text":"as","start":7287.334,"end":7287.383},{"text":"flag","start":7287.496,"end":7287.819},{"text":"states","start":7287.819,"end":7288.255},{"text":"in","start":7288.546,"end":7288.595},{"text":"the","start":7288.627,"end":7288.708},{"text":"high","start":7288.773,"end":7288.821},{"text":"seas","start":7288.87,"end":7289.16},{"text":"where","start":7289.338,"end":7289.5},{"text":"there","start":7289.5,"end":7289.597},{"text":"is","start":7289.597,"end":7289.726},{"text":"no","start":7289.985,"end":7290.146},{"text":"RFMO.","start":7290.162,"end":7290.486}]},{"text":"And I reiterate, that's basically a fancy way of saying Southwest Atlantic.","start":7291.375,"end":7293.976,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":7291.375,"end":7291.52},{"text":"I","start":7291.52,"end":7291.601},{"text":"reiterate,","start":7291.617,"end":7291.956},{"text":"that's","start":7292.005,"end":7292.247},{"text":"basically","start":7292.247,"end":7292.603},{"text":"a","start":7292.603,"end":7292.651},{"text":"fancy","start":7292.651,"end":7292.877},{"text":"way","start":7292.91,"end":7293.055},{"text":"of","start":7293.055,"end":7293.136},{"text":"saying","start":7293.136,"end":7293.281},{"text":"Southwest","start":7293.378,"end":7293.685},{"text":"Atlantic.","start":7293.685,"end":7293.976}]},{"text":"And obviously the point also that states must continue to formulate new approaches that may improve how we are addressing these issues and doing scientific work that is not necessarily done through RFMOs.","start":7296.44,"end":7309.594,"topics":[{"key":"science-data-sharing","label":"Science, Data Sharing, and Monitoring","description":"Participants repeatedly highlighted the importance of best available science, data collection, observer information, habitat mapping, and exchange of technical knowledge. 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Capacity building, development cooperation, and marine technology transfer were presented as necessary for equitable and effective implementation of deep-sea fisheries and biodiversity obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":7296.44,"end":7296.761},{"text":"obviously","start":7297.099,"end":7297.485},{"text":"the","start":7298.064,"end":7298.161},{"text":"point","start":7298.161,"end":7298.402},{"text":"also","start":7298.402,"end":7298.579},{"text":"that","start":7298.627,"end":7298.708},{"text":"states","start":7298.708,"end":7299.045},{"text":"must","start":7299.045,"end":7299.206},{"text":"continue","start":7299.206,"end":7299.608},{"text":"to","start":7299.608,"end":7299.689},{"text":"formulate","start":7299.689,"end":7300.171},{"text":"new","start":7300.171,"end":7300.316},{"text":"approaches","start":7300.316,"end":7300.766},{"text":"that","start":7301.522,"end":7301.699},{"text":"may","start":7301.699,"end":7301.844},{"text":"improve","start":7301.844,"end":7302.198},{"text":"how","start":7302.423,"end":7302.504},{"text":"we","start":7302.568,"end":7302.664},{"text":"are","start":7302.664,"end":7302.825},{"text":"addressing","start":7302.825,"end":7303.276},{"text":"these","start":7303.372,"end":7303.469},{"text":"issues","start":7303.549,"end":7303.839},{"text":"and","start":7304.741,"end":7306.45},{"text":"doing","start":7306.45,"end":7306.66},{"text":"scientific","start":7306.676,"end":7307.256},{"text":"work","start":7307.256,"end":7307.514},{"text":"that","start":7307.659,"end":7307.804},{"text":"is","start":7307.804,"end":7307.869},{"text":"not","start":7307.901,"end":7308.014},{"text":"necessarily","start":7308.062,"end":7308.546},{"text":"done","start":7308.546,"end":7308.675},{"text":"through","start":7308.771,"end":7308.965},{"text":"RFMOs.","start":7309.255,"end":7309.594}]},{"text":"I think these are all examples of issues where individual states can act very usefully to contribute to the enhancement of the implementation of the resolutions.","start":7310.238,"end":7322.095,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":7310.238,"end":7310.303},{"text":"think","start":7310.416,"end":7310.561},{"text":"these","start":7310.561,"end":7310.77},{"text":"are","start":7310.803,"end":7310.883},{"text":"all","start":7310.883,"end":7310.98},{"text":"examples","start":7310.98,"end":7311.496},{"text":"of","start":7311.689,"end":7311.786},{"text":"issues","start":7312.738,"end":7313.013},{"text":"where","start":7313.142,"end":7313.255},{"text":"individual","start":7313.32,"end":7313.918},{"text":"states","start":7315.113,"end":7315.663},{"text":"can","start":7316.067,"end":7316.18},{"text":"act","start":7316.228,"end":7316.39},{"text":"very","start":7316.39,"end":7316.552},{"text":"usefully","start":7316.552,"end":7317.004},{"text":"to","start":7317.602,"end":7317.78},{"text":"contribute","start":7318.717,"end":7319.137},{"text":"to","start":7319.137,"end":7319.266},{"text":"the","start":7319.363,"end":7319.557},{"text":"enhancement","start":7319.606,"end":7320.107},{"text":"of","start":7320.107,"end":7320.236},{"text":"the","start":7320.414,"end":7320.575},{"text":"implementation","start":7320.575,"end":7321.125},{"text":"of","start":7321.545,"end":7321.61},{"text":"the","start":7321.61,"end":7321.662},{"text":"resolutions.","start":7321.662,"end":7322.095}]},{"text":"But when we're talking about what individual states can do, I think it is very important to note that not all states have the resources, the capacity, the infrastructure to implement the resolutions in the way that they would want and the way we would want them to be able to do, and therefore development cooperation is essential to improve the implementation.","start":7324.782,"end":7343.48,"topics":[{"key":"capacity-building","label":"Capacity Building and Technology Transfer","description":"Several speakers underscored the need to strengthen developing states' scientific, technical, monitoring, and enforcement capacities. 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Capacity building, development cooperation, and marine technology transfer were presented as necessary for equitable and effective implementation of deep-sea fisheries and biodiversity obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":7343.981,"end":7344.079},{"text":"cannot","start":7344.143,"end":7344.547},{"text":"really","start":7344.547,"end":7344.774},{"text":"take","start":7344.806,"end":7345.194},{"text":"implementation","start":7345.776,"end":7346.455},{"text":"of","start":7346.504,"end":7346.633},{"text":"the","start":7346.649,"end":7346.73},{"text":"resolutions","start":7346.73,"end":7347.28},{"text":"out","start":7347.538,"end":7348.169},{"text":"of","start":7350.615,"end":7350.939},{"text":"the","start":7350.939,"end":7351.036},{"text":"context","start":7351.036,"end":7351.522},{"text":"of","start":7351.586,"end":7351.732},{"text":"the","start":7351.781,"end":7351.862},{"text":"need","start":7351.862,"end":7352.218},{"text":"for","start":7352.574,"end":7352.817},{"text":"more","start":7352.817,"end":7353.157},{"text":"development","start":7353.464,"end":7353.869},{"text":"cooperation.","start":7353.869,"end":7354.403}]},{"text":"I would highlight in that context development cooperation that is relating to fisheries management.","start":7355.72,"end":7360.461,"topics":[{"key":"capacity-building","label":"Capacity Building and Technology Transfer","description":"Several speakers underscored the need to strengthen developing states' scientific, technical, monitoring, and enforcement capacities. Capacity building, development cooperation, and marine technology transfer were presented as necessary for equitable and effective implementation of deep-sea fisheries and biodiversity obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"I","start":7355.72,"end":7355.737},{"text":"would","start":7355.802,"end":7355.899},{"text":"highlight","start":7355.899,"end":7356.321},{"text":"in","start":7356.321,"end":7356.386},{"text":"that","start":7356.386,"end":7356.63},{"text":"context","start":7356.63,"end":7357.344},{"text":"development","start":7357.912,"end":7358.334},{"text":"cooperation","start":7358.334,"end":7358.789},{"text":"that","start":7358.821,"end":7358.984},{"text":"is","start":7358.984,"end":7359.114},{"text":"relating","start":7359.13,"end":7359.438},{"text":"to","start":7359.471,"end":7359.633},{"text":"fisheries","start":7359.633,"end":7360.007},{"text":"management.","start":7360.023,"end":7360.461}]},{"text":"That would include also enforcement and MCS.","start":7361.565,"end":7363.546,"topics":[{"key":"capacity-building","label":"Capacity Building and Technology Transfer","description":"Several speakers underscored the need to strengthen developing states' scientific, technical, monitoring, and enforcement capacities. Capacity building, development cooperation, and marine technology transfer were presented as necessary for equitable and effective implementation of deep-sea fisheries and biodiversity obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"That","start":7361.565,"end":7361.776},{"text":"would","start":7361.89,"end":7362.003},{"text":"include","start":7362.052,"end":7362.393},{"text":"also","start":7362.393,"end":7362.572},{"text":"enforcement","start":7362.572,"end":7363.14},{"text":"and","start":7363.14,"end":7363.205},{"text":"MCS.","start":7363.205,"end":7363.546}]},{"text":"To marine science, and there I would stress how important it is for developing states, like all other states, to build high-quality scientific work.","start":7364.674,"end":7374.017,"topics":[{"key":"capacity-building","label":"Capacity Building and Technology Transfer","description":"Several speakers underscored the need to strengthen developing states' scientific, technical, monitoring, and enforcement capacities. 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Better scientific cooperation and public access to data were presented as essential for identifying VMEs, understanding connectivity, and improving management decisions."}],"words":[{"text":"To","start":7364.674,"end":7364.787},{"text":"marine","start":7364.803,"end":7365.111},{"text":"science,","start":7365.127,"end":7365.709},{"text":"and","start":7366.113,"end":7366.178},{"text":"there","start":7366.259,"end":7366.421},{"text":"I","start":7366.421,"end":7366.437},{"text":"would","start":7366.437,"end":7366.599},{"text":"stress","start":7366.599,"end":7367.1},{"text":"how","start":7367.407,"end":7367.521},{"text":"important","start":7367.65,"end":7368.944},{"text":"it","start":7368.944,"end":7369.041},{"text":"is","start":7369.041,"end":7369.154},{"text":"for","start":7369.833,"end":7369.963},{"text":"developing","start":7370.076,"end":7370.529},{"text":"states,","start":7370.577,"end":7370.901},{"text":"like","start":7370.965,"end":7371.143},{"text":"all","start":7371.273,"end":7371.321},{"text":"other","start":7371.451,"end":7371.612},{"text":"states,","start":7371.612,"end":7372.081},{"text":"to","start":7372.098,"end":7372.227},{"text":"build","start":7372.259,"end":7372.47},{"text":"high-quality","start":7372.47,"end":7373.114},{"text":"scientific","start":7373.131,"end":7373.711},{"text":"work.","start":7373.711,"end":7374.017}]},{"text":"There's no such thing as Western science, there's simply science, and that needs to be enhanced everywhere.","start":7375.629,"end":7380.305,"topics":[{"key":"science-data-sharing","label":"Science, Data Sharing, and Monitoring","description":"Participants repeatedly highlighted the importance of best available science, data collection, observer information, habitat mapping, and exchange of technical knowledge. 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Speakers linked stock sustainability to broader ecosystem protection rather than treating fisheries production and biodiversity conservation as separate issues."}],"words":[{"text":"Or","start":7390.842,"end":7390.89},{"text":"the","start":7391.002,"end":7391.082},{"text":"deep","start":7391.082,"end":7391.243},{"text":"sea","start":7391.243,"end":7391.387},{"text":"stocks,","start":7391.387,"end":7391.723},{"text":"because","start":7392.204,"end":7392.493},{"text":"there","start":7392.509,"end":7392.621},{"text":"is","start":7392.621,"end":7392.685},{"text":"a","start":7392.685,"end":7392.701},{"text":"need","start":7392.701,"end":7393.005},{"text":"to","start":7393.005,"end":7393.134},{"text":"build","start":7393.166,"end":7393.39},{"text":"capacity","start":7393.39,"end":7394.015},{"text":"and","start":7394.047,"end":7394.127},{"text":"expertise","start":7394.127,"end":7394.576},{"text":"and","start":7394.608,"end":7394.704},{"text":"infrastructure.","start":7394.704,"end":7395.185}]},{"text":"And where the basic elements when it comes to fisheries management are lacking, they need to be established before measures that we are perhaps more focused on here can realistically be implemented.","start":7396.194,"end":7406.787,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":7396.194,"end":7396.339},{"text":"where","start":7396.835,"end":7397.012},{"text":"the","start":7397.012,"end":7397.092},{"text":"basic","start":7397.156,"end":7397.557},{"text":"elements","start":7397.573,"end":7397.925},{"text":"when","start":7398.133,"end":7398.214},{"text":"it","start":7398.214,"end":7398.294},{"text":"comes","start":7398.294,"end":7398.47},{"text":"to","start":7398.47,"end":7398.598},{"text":"fisheries","start":7398.598,"end":7398.871},{"text":"management","start":7398.935,"end":7399.351},{"text":"are","start":7399.56,"end":7399.912},{"text":"lacking,","start":7400.04,"end":7400.329},{"text":"they","start":7401.242,"end":7401.419},{"text":"need","start":7401.419,"end":7401.579},{"text":"to","start":7401.579,"end":7401.707},{"text":"be","start":7401.723,"end":7401.835},{"text":"established","start":7401.835,"end":7402.54},{"text":"before","start":7402.62,"end":7402.973},{"text":"measures","start":7403.181,"end":7403.55},{"text":"that","start":7403.566,"end":7403.71},{"text":"we","start":7403.742,"end":7403.935},{"text":"are","start":7403.967,"end":7404.239},{"text":"perhaps","start":7404.463,"end":7404.704},{"text":"more","start":7404.704,"end":7404.864},{"text":"focused","start":7404.864,"end":7405.249},{"text":"on","start":7405.249,"end":7405.345},{"text":"here","start":7405.345,"end":7405.569},{"text":"can","start":7405.569,"end":7405.713},{"text":"realistically","start":7405.729,"end":7406.274},{"text":"be","start":7406.29,"end":7406.386},{"text":"implemented.","start":7406.386,"end":7406.787}]},{"text":"So I think it's important to look at all development cooperation that's focused on building the capacity for fisheries management is what we're looking at here.","start":7406.931,"end":7416.403,"topics":[{"key":"capacity-building","label":"Capacity Building and Technology Transfer","description":"Several speakers underscored the need to strengthen developing states' scientific, technical, monitoring, and enforcement capacities. 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in some some of the the interventions I've heard here, really, they could very easily be understood as sort of presenting that the issue we are trying to address is much bigger than it 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that, in my opinion, would basically mean disregarding the extensive achievements that have already been 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achievements that they actually 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given how far we've come along, I think acknowledging those achievements is very important.","start":7614.492,"end":7620.742,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":7614.492,"end":7614.781},{"text":"given","start":7614.813,"end":7615.021},{"text":"how","start":7615.133,"end":7615.374},{"text":"far","start":7615.454,"end":7615.694},{"text":"we've","start":7615.694,"end":7615.983},{"text":"come","start":7616.079,"end":7616.191},{"text":"along,","start":7616.191,"end":7616.463},{"text":"I","start":7616.736,"end":7616.816},{"text":"think","start":7616.88,"end":7617.056},{"text":"acknowledging","start":7617.056,"end":7617.553},{"text":"those","start":7617.601,"end":7617.745},{"text":"achievements","start":7617.777,"end":7618.162},{"text":"is","start":7618.162,"end":7618.226},{"text":"very","start":7618.322,"end":7618.435},{"text":"important.","start":7618.435,"end":7620.742}]},{"text":"Picking up actually from the very first presentation we heard yesterday, the key phrase that was put 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Speakers also stressed that assessments should be transparent, science-based, regularly updated, and linked to monitoring and adaptive management."}],"words":[{"text":"So","start":7880.2,"end":7880.297},{"text":"it's","start":7880.297,"end":7880.459},{"text":"ongoing","start":7880.523,"end":7880.911},{"text":"process.","start":7881.024,"end":7881.557}]},{"text":"So as Iceland mentioned, we have already done so many things, but we continued the work and to mitigate the impact to the VMEs in accordance with UNGA resolution.","start":7883.734,"end":7897.172,"topics":[{"key":"vme-protection","label":"Protection of Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems","description":"A major topic was the need to prevent significant adverse impacts on vulnerable marine ecosystems, including corals, sponges, and other deep-sea habitats affected by bottom fishing. 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Lopez.","start":8043.599,"end":8047.287,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":8043.599,"end":8043.648},{"text":"have","start":8043.68,"end":8043.987},{"text":"one","start":8044.246,"end":8044.376},{"text":"question","start":8044.473,"end":8044.861},{"text":"and","start":8044.958,"end":8045.103},{"text":"2","start":8045.136,"end":8045.265},{"text":"points","start":8045.298,"end":8045.686},{"text":"related","start":8045.686,"end":8046.009},{"text":"to","start":8046.009,"end":8046.106},{"text":"the","start":8046.106,"end":8046.187},{"text":"talk","start":8046.187,"end":8046.511},{"text":"of","start":8046.511,"end":8046.656},{"text":"Ivan","start":8046.656,"end":8046.866},{"text":"Lopez.","start":8046.915,"end":8047.287}]},{"text":"Returning to our discussion yesterday, we discussed the fact that the amount that deep-sea bottom trawling actually contributes to world food supply is negligible.","start":8048.37,"end":8057.277,"topics":[{"key":"deep-sea-stocks","label":"Deep-Sea Fish 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Speakers linked stock sustainability to broader ecosystem protection rather than treating fisheries production and biodiversity conservation as separate issues."}],"words":[{"text":"Returning","start":8048.37,"end":8048.772},{"text":"to","start":8048.788,"end":8048.869},{"text":"our","start":8048.869,"end":8048.965},{"text":"discussion","start":8048.965,"end":8049.416},{"text":"yesterday,","start":8049.674,"end":8050.19},{"text":"we","start":8050.48,"end":8050.56},{"text":"discussed","start":8050.56,"end":8051.011},{"text":"the","start":8051.059,"end":8051.14},{"text":"fact","start":8051.14,"end":8051.43},{"text":"that","start":8051.543,"end":8051.752},{"text":"the","start":8052.59,"end":8052.686},{"text":"amount","start":8052.686,"end":8053.282},{"text":"that","start":8053.379,"end":8053.54},{"text":"deep-sea","start":8053.54,"end":8053.862},{"text":"bottom","start":8053.878,"end":8054.2},{"text":"trawling","start":8054.2,"end":8054.555},{"text":"actually","start":8054.667,"end":8054.99},{"text":"contributes","start":8054.99,"end":8055.505},{"text":"to","start":8055.569,"end":8055.698},{"text":"world","start":8055.73,"end":8055.972},{"text":"food","start":8055.972,"end":8056.198},{"text":"supply","start":8056.198,"end":8056.536},{"text":"is","start":8056.536,"end":8056.584},{"text":"negligible.","start":8056.681,"end":8057.277}]},{"text":"Victorero et al., in a peer-reviewed paper, found that 0.05% of global fisheries landings come from deep-sea bottom trawling, of which seamount bottom trawling is just a subset, meaning hardly anything comes from seamount bottom trawl fisheries.","start":8058.73,"end":8073.784,"topics":[{"key":"seamount-migratory-species","label":"Seamounts and Migratory Species","description":"Several statements focused on seamounts as critical habitats and migratory corridors for marine species, and on the threats posed there by destructive fishing practices. CMS-related interventions highlighted protection of seamount ecosystems as important for biodiversity, fisheries sustainability, and migratory species conservation."},{"key":"deep-sea-stocks","label":"Deep-Sea Fish Stocks and Associated Species","description":"The long-term sustainability of deep-sea fish stocks was a recurring subject, including concerns over depleted stocks, bycatch, and impacts on associated and dependent species. Speakers linked stock sustainability to broader ecosystem protection rather than treating fisheries production and biodiversity conservation as separate issues."}],"words":[{"text":"Victorero","start":8058.73,"end":8059.304},{"text":"et","start":8059.32,"end":8059.402},{"text":"al.,","start":8059.402,"end":8059.615},{"text":"in","start":8059.73,"end":8059.779},{"text":"a","start":8059.812,"end":8059.894},{"text":"peer-reviewed","start":8059.894,"end":8060.32},{"text":"paper,","start":8060.32,"end":8060.665},{"text":"found","start":8060.73,"end":8060.96},{"text":"that","start":8060.96,"end":8061.108},{"text":"0.05%","start":8061.232,"end":8062.963},{"text":"of","start":8063.781,"end":8063.829},{"text":"global","start":8063.877,"end":8064.229},{"text":"fisheries","start":8064.342,"end":8064.726},{"text":"landings","start":8064.742,"end":8065.207},{"text":"come","start":8065.48,"end":8065.64},{"text":"from","start":8065.64,"end":8065.8},{"text":"deep-sea","start":8065.8,"end":8066.185},{"text":"bottom","start":8066.201,"end":8066.506},{"text":"trawling,","start":8066.506,"end":8066.875},{"text":"of","start":8067.5,"end":8067.58},{"text":"which","start":8067.628,"end":8067.772},{"text":"seamount","start":8067.965,"end":8068.51},{"text":"bottom","start":8068.526,"end":8068.83},{"text":"trawling","start":8068.83,"end":8069.135},{"text":"is","start":8069.151,"end":8069.215},{"text":"just","start":8069.231,"end":8069.424},{"text":"a","start":8069.424,"end":8069.488},{"text":"subset,","start":8069.488,"end":8070.017},{"text":"meaning","start":8070.594,"end":8070.818},{"text":"hardly","start":8070.834,"end":8071.059},{"text":"anything","start":8071.155,"end":8071.46},{"text":"comes","start":8071.556,"end":8071.86},{"text":"from","start":8071.892,"end":8072.165},{"text":"seamount","start":8072.293,"end":8072.774},{"text":"bottom","start":8072.774,"end":8073.079},{"text":"trawl","start":8073.079,"end":8073.255},{"text":"fisheries.","start":8073.255,"end":8073.784}]},{"text":"And also, the food that is acquired from these fisheries goes to food-secure developed nations.","start":8074.602,"end":8081.239,"topics":[{"key":"deep-sea-stocks","label":"Deep-Sea Fish Stocks and Associated Species","description":"The long-term sustainability of deep-sea fish stocks was a recurring subject, including concerns over depleted stocks, bycatch, and impacts on associated and dependent species. Speakers linked stock sustainability to broader ecosystem protection rather than treating fisheries production and biodiversity conservation as separate issues."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":8074.602,"end":8074.666},{"text":"also,","start":8074.762,"end":8075.259},{"text":"the","start":8075.403,"end":8075.451},{"text":"food","start":8075.483,"end":8075.884},{"text":"that","start":8076.06,"end":8076.381},{"text":"is","start":8076.381,"end":8076.509},{"text":"acquired","start":8076.846,"end":8077.471},{"text":"from","start":8077.583,"end":8077.776},{"text":"these","start":8078,"end":8078.273},{"text":"fisheries","start":8078.369,"end":8078.754},{"text":"goes","start":8079.01,"end":8079.235},{"text":"to","start":8079.331,"end":8079.475},{"text":"food-secure","start":8079.491,"end":8080.084},{"text":"developed","start":8080.293,"end":8080.726},{"text":"nations.","start":8080.726,"end":8081.239}]},{"text":"Therefore, considering high seas deep-sea areas to be food production areas that will have an impact on food supply or food security if they are closed to bottom trawling is not supported by the existing data.","start":8082.377,"end":8095.092,"topics":[{"key":"deep-sea-stocks","label":"Deep-Sea Fish Stocks and Associated Species","description":"The long-term sustainability of deep-sea fish stocks was a recurring subject, including concerns over depleted stocks, bycatch, and impacts on associated and dependent species. Speakers linked stock sustainability to broader ecosystem protection rather than treating fisheries production and biodiversity conservation as separate issues."}],"words":[{"text":"Therefore,","start":8082.377,"end":8082.746},{"text":"considering","start":8082.858,"end":8083.323},{"text":"high","start":8083.419,"end":8083.547},{"text":"seas","start":8083.675,"end":8084.044},{"text":"deep-sea","start":8084.156,"end":8084.621},{"text":"areas","start":8084.637,"end":8085.086},{"text":"to","start":8085.278,"end":8085.375},{"text":"be","start":8085.375,"end":8085.519},{"text":"food","start":8085.519,"end":8085.84},{"text":"production","start":8085.84,"end":8086.32},{"text":"areas","start":8086.32,"end":8086.769},{"text":"that","start":8087.042,"end":8087.139},{"text":"will","start":8087.139,"end":8087.235},{"text":"have","start":8087.267,"end":8087.444},{"text":"an","start":8087.444,"end":8087.508},{"text":"impact","start":8087.605,"end":8088.006},{"text":"on","start":8088.006,"end":8088.103},{"text":"food","start":8088.167,"end":8088.376},{"text":"supply","start":8088.408,"end":8088.745},{"text":"or","start":8089.067,"end":8089.147},{"text":"food","start":8089.195,"end":8089.452},{"text":"security","start":8089.452,"end":8089.983},{"text":"if","start":8090.641,"end":8090.722},{"text":"they","start":8090.738,"end":8090.882},{"text":"are","start":8090.882,"end":8091.043},{"text":"closed","start":8091.043,"end":8091.38},{"text":"to","start":8091.38,"end":8091.461},{"text":"bottom","start":8091.461,"end":8091.75},{"text":"trawling","start":8091.782,"end":8092.232},{"text":"is","start":8092.585,"end":8092.666},{"text":"not","start":8092.682,"end":8092.971},{"text":"supported","start":8092.971,"end":8093.517},{"text":"by","start":8093.71,"end":8093.823},{"text":"the","start":8094.112,"end":8094.208},{"text":"existing","start":8094.256,"end":8094.642},{"text":"data.","start":8094.674,"end":8095.092}]},{"text":"So my question is if you could clarify how changes specifically focusing on high-seas bottom trawling would threaten food supply.","start":8095.895,"end":8103.864,"topics":[{"key":"deep-sea-stocks","label":"Deep-Sea Fish Stocks and Associated Species","description":"The long-term sustainability of deep-sea fish stocks was a recurring subject, including concerns over depleted stocks, bycatch, and impacts on associated and dependent species. Speakers linked stock sustainability to broader ecosystem protection rather than treating fisheries production and biodiversity conservation as separate issues."}],"words":[{"text":"So","start":8095.895,"end":8096.024},{"text":"my","start":8096.024,"end":8096.184},{"text":"question","start":8096.184,"end":8096.49},{"text":"is","start":8096.586,"end":8096.811},{"text":"if","start":8097.148,"end":8097.245},{"text":"you","start":8097.245,"end":8097.325},{"text":"could","start":8097.325,"end":8097.486},{"text":"clarify","start":8097.55,"end":8098.08},{"text":"how","start":8098.128,"end":8098.289},{"text":"changes","start":8098.289,"end":8098.819},{"text":"specifically","start":8099.333,"end":8100.024},{"text":"focusing","start":8100.121,"end":8100.571},{"text":"on","start":8100.619,"end":8100.747},{"text":"high-seas","start":8100.763,"end":8101.47},{"text":"bottom","start":8101.583,"end":8101.872},{"text":"trawling","start":8101.904,"end":8102.274},{"text":"would","start":8102.852,"end":8102.997},{"text":"threaten","start":8103.029,"end":8103.318},{"text":"food","start":8103.414,"end":8103.607},{"text":"supply.","start":8103.607,"end":8103.864}]},{"text":"That is my question, and then I have 2 additional comments.","start":8105.118,"end":8107.399,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"That","start":8105.118,"end":8105.262},{"text":"is","start":8105.262,"end":8105.326},{"text":"my","start":8105.342,"end":8105.439},{"text":"question,","start":8105.503,"end":8105.905},{"text":"and","start":8105.921,"end":8105.985},{"text":"then","start":8105.985,"end":8106.146},{"text":"I","start":8106.146,"end":8106.162},{"text":"have","start":8106.162,"end":8106.339},{"text":"2","start":8106.339,"end":8106.564},{"text":"additional","start":8106.564,"end":8106.933},{"text":"comments.","start":8107.029,"end":8107.399}]},{"text":"The second— the first point is the analogy to plowing a field with trawling the seafloor is not quite the same.","start":8108.797,"end":8115.913,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":8108.797,"end":8108.893},{"text":"second—","start":8108.893,"end":8109.231},{"text":"the","start":8109.375,"end":8109.456},{"text":"first","start":8109.456,"end":8109.793},{"text":"point","start":8109.841,"end":8110.098},{"text":"is","start":8110.098,"end":8110.307},{"text":"the","start":8111.705,"end":8111.785},{"text":"analogy","start":8111.785,"end":8112.251},{"text":"to","start":8112.251,"end":8112.332},{"text":"plowing","start":8112.332,"end":8112.637},{"text":"a","start":8112.669,"end":8112.733},{"text":"field","start":8112.733,"end":8113.28},{"text":"with","start":8113.954,"end":8114.163},{"text":"trawling","start":8114.179,"end":8114.403},{"text":"the","start":8114.435,"end":8114.516},{"text":"seafloor","start":8114.516,"end":8114.917},{"text":"is","start":8114.917,"end":8114.965},{"text":"not","start":8115.062,"end":8115.19},{"text":"quite","start":8115.238,"end":8115.463},{"text":"the","start":8115.463,"end":8115.543},{"text":"same.","start":8115.543,"end":8115.913}]},{"text":"A field of crops can be replanted every year, and there is not a fundamental change or damage to the habitat or the field where the crops grow, whereas plowing a field of corals or sponges that are centuries old destroys habitat that provides numerous ecosystem services.","start":8116.523,"end":8131.502,"topics":[{"key":"vme-protection","label":"Protection of Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems","description":"A major topic was the need to prevent significant adverse impacts on vulnerable marine ecosystems, including corals, sponges, and other deep-sea habitats affected by bottom fishing. Multiple speakers emphasized precautionary closures, stronger implementation, and better protection of areas where VMEs are known or likely to occur."}],"words":[{"text":"A","start":8116.523,"end":8116.587},{"text":"field","start":8116.587,"end":8116.828},{"text":"of","start":8116.828,"end":8116.892},{"text":"crops","start":8116.924,"end":8117.341},{"text":"can","start":8117.39,"end":8117.486},{"text":"be","start":8117.486,"end":8117.63},{"text":"replanted","start":8117.63,"end":8118.112},{"text":"every","start":8118.112,"end":8118.337},{"text":"year,","start":8118.369,"end":8118.642},{"text":"and","start":8119.252,"end":8119.316},{"text":"there","start":8119.332,"end":8119.429},{"text":"is","start":8119.429,"end":8119.541},{"text":"not","start":8119.573,"end":8119.75},{"text":"a","start":8119.75,"end":8119.798},{"text":"fundamental","start":8119.798,"end":8120.263},{"text":"change","start":8120.36,"end":8120.713},{"text":"or","start":8120.713,"end":8120.857},{"text":"damage","start":8120.857,"end":8121.307},{"text":"to","start":8121.403,"end":8121.484},{"text":"the","start":8121.484,"end":8121.58},{"text":"habitat","start":8121.58,"end":8122.142},{"text":"or","start":8122.142,"end":8122.238},{"text":"the","start":8122.238,"end":8122.318},{"text":"field","start":8122.318,"end":8122.704},{"text":"where","start":8122.704,"end":8122.816},{"text":"the","start":8122.816,"end":8122.929},{"text":"crops","start":8122.929,"end":8123.266},{"text":"grow,","start":8123.266,"end":8123.587},{"text":"whereas","start":8124.47,"end":8124.598},{"text":"plowing","start":8124.711,"end":8125.08},{"text":"a","start":8125.096,"end":8125.112},{"text":"field","start":8125.112,"end":8125.449},{"text":"of","start":8125.449,"end":8125.53},{"text":"corals","start":8125.578,"end":8125.915},{"text":"or","start":8125.915,"end":8125.995},{"text":"sponges","start":8125.995,"end":8126.525},{"text":"that","start":8126.878,"end":8127.023},{"text":"are","start":8127.023,"end":8127.055},{"text":"centuries","start":8127.055,"end":8127.585},{"text":"old","start":8127.745,"end":8127.954},{"text":"destroys","start":8128.484,"end":8128.853},{"text":"habitat","start":8128.885,"end":8129.431},{"text":"that","start":8129.527,"end":8129.607},{"text":"provides","start":8129.607,"end":8130.057},{"text":"numerous","start":8130.073,"end":8130.491},{"text":"ecosystem","start":8130.491,"end":8130.956},{"text":"services.","start":8130.988,"end":8131.502}]},{"text":"The VMEs take— the VME taxa take hundreds of years to recover, and also the fish that are being harvested are long-lived and And as we have repeatedly seen around the world, the stocks will not recover on anywhere near the timescale of a terrestrial crop or even a shallow water fish species.","start":8132.417,"end":8149.139,"topics":[{"key":"vme-protection","label":"Protection of Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems","description":"A major topic was the need to prevent significant adverse impacts on vulnerable marine ecosystems, including corals, sponges, and other deep-sea habitats affected by bottom fishing. 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just very good at keeping secrets because we don't want to tell the other guy where we're getting the fish 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that is over 600 years ago.","start":8584.753,"end":8586.744,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"But","start":8584.753,"end":8584.897},{"text":"that","start":8584.897,"end":8585.09},{"text":"is","start":8585.09,"end":8585.202},{"text":"over","start":8585.636,"end":8585.796},{"text":"600","start":8585.796,"end":8586.294},{"text":"years","start":8586.294,"end":8586.487},{"text":"ago.","start":8586.535,"end":8586.744}]},{"text":"I think that should account for something.","start":8587.723,"end":8589.666,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":8587.723,"end":8587.755},{"text":"think","start":8587.867,"end":8588.108},{"text":"that","start":8588.108,"end":8588.381},{"text":"should","start":8588.67,"end":8588.863},{"text":"account","start":8588.911,"end":8589.168},{"text":"for","start":8589.168,"end":8589.296},{"text":"something.","start":8589.312,"end":8589.666}]},{"text":"And that is the reality of what I 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I guess a bit of reflection on the past 20 years.","start":8966.517,"end":8969.576,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":8966.517,"end":8966.921},{"text":"I","start":8966.937,"end":8966.954},{"text":"guess","start":8967.018,"end":8967.196},{"text":"a","start":8967.196,"end":8967.261},{"text":"bit","start":8967.261,"end":8967.407},{"text":"of","start":8967.407,"end":8967.553},{"text":"reflection","start":8967.99,"end":8968.54},{"text":"on","start":8968.54,"end":8968.605},{"text":"the","start":8968.621,"end":8968.718},{"text":"past","start":8968.718,"end":8969.042},{"text":"20","start":8969.042,"end":8969.333},{"text":"years.","start":8969.365,"end":8969.576}]},{"text":"I'd like to use, I guess, these last comments just to reflect on one issue that continues to come up over these 2 days, and that is the use of best available science.","start":8971.273,"end":8981.815,"topics":[{"key":"science-data-sharing","label":"Science, Data Sharing, and Monitoring","description":"Participants 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am passionate on why I— how I defend some issues, I acknowledge that, but I also want to say It has been very enriching to hear all the presentations, including the side event 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can bring more to the table as an industry.","start":10093.036,"end":10094.798,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":10093.036,"end":10093.182},{"text":"can","start":10093.182,"end":10093.346},{"text":"bring","start":10093.346,"end":10093.493},{"text":"more","start":10093.59,"end":10093.656},{"text":"to","start":10093.688,"end":10093.835},{"text":"the","start":10093.835,"end":10093.933},{"text":"table","start":10093.933,"end":10094.259},{"text":"as","start":10094.259,"end":10094.308},{"text":"an","start":10094.423,"end":10094.504},{"text":"industry.","start":10094.504,"end":10094.798}]},{"text":"We need to have a lead-in and see how to do it 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sustainability.","start":10148.779,"end":10154.845,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":10148.779,"end":10148.875},{"text":"I","start":10148.875,"end":10148.939},{"text":"think","start":10148.939,"end":10149.26},{"text":"it","start":10149.26,"end":10149.421},{"text":"is","start":10149.485,"end":10149.549},{"text":"actually","start":10149.725,"end":10150.111},{"text":"a","start":10150.383,"end":10150.399},{"text":"major","start":10150.399,"end":10150.769},{"text":"development","start":10150.785,"end":10151.314},{"text":"in","start":10151.731,"end":10151.876},{"text":"also","start":10151.972,"end":10152.309},{"text":"ecosystem","start":10152.389,"end":10152.951},{"text":"and","start":10153.128,"end":10153.561},{"text":"sustainability.","start":10153.914,"end":10154.845}]},{"text":"I really thank you for bringing that up 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that we can build trust and move forward between all sides, and I think that's 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The discussion emphasized that global bodies should set broad policy direction while regional fisheries organizations apply technically detailed and legally binding measures."},{"key":"bbnj-complementarity","label":"BBNJ Agreement Complementarity","description":"Speakers discussed how the BBNJ Agreement can reinforce existing UN General Assembly, FAO, and RFMO measures on bottom fisheries, VMEs, and biodiversity beyond national jurisdiction. A central theme was ensuring cooperation and coherence without undermining existing fisheries 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that.","start":10285.244,"end":10286.292,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":10285.244,"end":10285.341},{"text":"just—","start":10285.406,"end":10285.599},{"text":"I'll","start":10285.599,"end":10285.76},{"text":"leave","start":10285.793,"end":10285.954},{"text":"it","start":10285.954,"end":10286.067},{"text":"at","start":10286.067,"end":10286.18},{"text":"that.","start":10286.18,"end":10286.292}]},{"text":"Thank you.","start":10286.373,"end":10286.679,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":10286.373,"end":10286.55},{"text":"you.","start":10286.599,"end":10286.679}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Matthew Gianni","affiliation":"DSCC","affiliation_full":"DSCC","group":null,"function":"Co-founder"}},{"statement_number":103,"start":10289.436,"pageUrl":"/ar/asset/k17/k17b0a2pyy?lang=en&t=10290","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Perfect.","start":10289.436,"end":10289.758,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Perfect.","start":10289.436,"end":10289.758}]},{"text":"Thank you for being concise and for the active engagement.","start":10290.161,"end":10292.837,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":10290.161,"end":10290.387},{"text":"you","start":10290.387,"end":10290.419},{"text":"for","start":10290.419,"end":10290.564},{"text":"being","start":10290.564,"end":10290.757},{"text":"concise","start":10290.806,"end":10291.402},{"text":"and","start":10291.434,"end":10291.499},{"text":"for","start":10291.773,"end":10291.918},{"text":"the","start":10291.918,"end":10291.966},{"text":"active","start":10292.015,"end":10292.289},{"text":"engagement.","start":10292.321,"end":10292.837}]},{"text":"And my warm thanks to all the panellists in Segment 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particular, the summary will seek to set out the main points made by panelists and 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is understood that the summary would be intended for reference purposes only and not as a record of our 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summary will be prepared after the workshop and placed on the DOALOS website well in advance of the informal consultations on the draft General Assembly Resolution on Sustainable 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summary segment will be an opportunity for participants to have a brief exchange on the main points to be taken away from these 2 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done my very best to try to summarize.","start":10407.145,"end":10410.541,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":10407.145,"end":10407.21},{"text":"have","start":10407.21,"end":10407.372},{"text":"done","start":10407.567,"end":10407.697},{"text":"my","start":10407.973,"end":10408.168},{"text":"very","start":10408.363,"end":10408.591},{"text":"best","start":10408.705,"end":10409.03},{"text":"to","start":10409.03,"end":10409.176},{"text":"try","start":10409.176,"end":10409.452},{"text":"to","start":10409.517,"end":10409.696},{"text":"summarize.","start":10409.924,"end":10410.541}]},{"text":"In case it's incomplete, you can always Well, back to the US intervention just 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participants expressed the view that scientific understanding now supported the banning of bottom trawling in seamount areas, while other participants rejected the need for blanket bans in favor of tailored measures which could be designed to balance conservation objectives with sustainable use objectives in light of the contribution of fisheries to food security and 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speaking, it was mentioned, I think, by the FAO that on vulnerable marine ecosystems, that pillar, there has been more progress made, whereas on deep-sea fish stocks, that pillar, on that, there has been less 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discussed the adequacy of the measures adopted in light of evolving scientific understanding and increased management 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key debate emerged over whether RFMO management regimes are too reactionary and not sufficiently precautionary in their approaches, with several organizations countering this with that existing tools like VME thresholds and spatial closures represent proactive, quote-unquote, adaptive management without needing perfect 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States reaffirmed their commitment to sustainability by sharing concrete actions, while non-bottom fishing nations emphasized that deep-sea degradation can directly impact coastal ecosystems and that additional research was needed to quantify and address these 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point was made regarding gender aspects of fisheries management and the need to factor in the implications of poor practices for women and/or youth dependent on the fisheries 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to segment 3.","start":10735.756,"end":10737.557,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"On","start":10735.756,"end":10735.804},{"text":"to","start":10735.934,"end":10736.113},{"text":"segment","start":10736.518,"end":10737.168},{"text":"3.","start":10737.168,"end":10737.557}]},{"text":"Participants highlighted how states implemented the framework set out in Resolution 64/72, 66, 68 and 77/118 to address the impacts of bottom fishing.","start":10738.612,"end":10751.41,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Participants","start":10738.612,"end":10739.423},{"text":"highlighted","start":10739.423,"end":10739.926},{"text":"how","start":10740.056,"end":10740.153},{"text":"states","start":10740.234,"end":10740.786},{"text":"implemented","start":10740.867,"end":10741.452},{"text":"the","start":10741.452,"end":10741.598},{"text":"framework","start":10741.598,"end":10742.084},{"text":"set","start":10742.084,"end":10742.425},{"text":"out","start":10742.49,"end":10742.733},{"text":"in","start":10742.733,"end":10742.798},{"text":"Resolution","start":10742.88,"end":10743.402},{"text":"64/72,","start":10743.402,"end":10744.886},{"text":"66,","start":10745.033,"end":10745.882},{"text":"68","start":10746.274,"end":10747.017},{"text":"and","start":10747.082,"end":10747.146},{"text":"77/118","start":10747.162,"end":10748.713},{"text":"to","start":10749.665,"end":10749.811},{"text":"address","start":10749.811,"end":10750.231},{"text":"the","start":10750.231,"end":10750.392},{"text":"impacts","start":10750.392,"end":10750.78},{"text":"of","start":10750.78,"end":10750.828},{"text":"bottom","start":10750.861,"end":10751.119},{"text":"fishing.","start":10751.119,"end":10751.41}]},{"text":"It was noted that they operated primarily through RFMOs by participating in research, scientific work, the development and implementation of measures and compliance and enforcement efforts.","start":10752.072,"end":10764.135,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"It","start":10752.072,"end":10752.12},{"text":"was","start":10752.152,"end":10752.217},{"text":"noted","start":10752.346,"end":10752.782},{"text":"that","start":10753.218,"end":10753.364},{"text":"they","start":10753.364,"end":10753.428},{"text":"operated","start":10753.525,"end":10754.107},{"text":"primarily","start":10754.107,"end":10754.672},{"text":"through","start":10754.672,"end":10754.899},{"text":"RFMOs","start":10754.98,"end":10755.563},{"text":"by","start":10756.211,"end":10756.373},{"text":"participating","start":10756.373,"end":10757.134},{"text":"in","start":10757.264,"end":10757.394},{"text":"research,","start":10757.491,"end":10758.09},{"text":"scientific","start":10758.236,"end":10758.787},{"text":"work,","start":10758.868,"end":10759.127},{"text":"the","start":10759.192,"end":10759.289},{"text":"development","start":10759.289,"end":10760.083},{"text":"and","start":10760.099,"end":10760.164},{"text":"implementation","start":10760.342,"end":10761.233},{"text":"of","start":10761.233,"end":10761.363},{"text":"measures","start":10761.379,"end":10761.849},{"text":"and","start":10761.962,"end":10762.124},{"text":"compliance","start":10762.124,"end":10762.788},{"text":"and","start":10762.918,"end":10763.064},{"text":"enforcement","start":10763.096,"end":10763.745},{"text":"efforts.","start":10763.745,"end":10764.135}]},{"text":"The additional efforts that were taken by some states in relation to conducting additional research which could feed into RFMO A processes and as flag states in areas where no competent RFMOA existed were also highlighted.","start":10765.692,"end":10781.158,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":10765.692,"end":10765.838},{"text":"additional","start":10765.838,"end":10766.293},{"text":"efforts","start":10766.406,"end":10766.763},{"text":"that","start":10766.974,"end":10767.071},{"text":"were","start":10767.071,"end":10767.104},{"text":"taken","start":10767.217,"end":10767.493},{"text":"by","start":10767.493,"end":10767.574},{"text":"some","start":10767.574,"end":10767.834},{"text":"states","start":10767.899,"end":10768.239},{"text":"in","start":10768.353,"end":10768.402},{"text":"relation","start":10768.45,"end":10769.067},{"text":"to","start":10769.181,"end":10769.343},{"text":"conducting","start":10769.343,"end":10769.878},{"text":"additional","start":10770.057,"end":10770.527},{"text":"research","start":10770.543,"end":10770.916},{"text":"which","start":10771.111,"end":10771.257},{"text":"could","start":10771.355,"end":10771.453},{"text":"feed","start":10771.453,"end":10771.851},{"text":"into","start":10771.868,"end":10772.15},{"text":"RFMO","start":10772.432,"end":10772.847},{"text":"A","start":10772.93,"end":10772.98},{"text":"processes","start":10773.643,"end":10774.253},{"text":"and","start":10774.59,"end":10774.655},{"text":"as","start":10774.831,"end":10774.895},{"text":"flag","start":10774.992,"end":10775.249},{"text":"states","start":10775.249,"end":10775.73},{"text":"in","start":10775.795,"end":10775.939},{"text":"areas","start":10775.971,"end":10776.26},{"text":"where","start":10776.373,"end":10776.517},{"text":"no","start":10776.517,"end":10776.678},{"text":"competent","start":10776.678,"end":10777.336},{"text":"RFMOA","start":10777.4,"end":10778.251},{"text":"existed","start":10778.621,"end":10780.034},{"text":"were","start":10780.146,"end":10780.29},{"text":"also","start":10780.371,"end":10780.708},{"text":"highlighted.","start":10780.708,"end":10781.158}]},{"text":"An example of how states could promote innovation, including with regard to more sustainable fishing gear and techniques, was provided.","start":10782.137,"end":10790.39,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"An","start":10782.137,"end":10782.233},{"text":"example","start":10782.233,"end":10782.86},{"text":"of","start":10782.86,"end":10782.94},{"text":"how","start":10783.1,"end":10783.197},{"text":"states","start":10783.373,"end":10783.839},{"text":"could","start":10783.839,"end":10784.048},{"text":"promote","start":10784.08,"end":10784.626},{"text":"innovation,","start":10784.642,"end":10785.3},{"text":"including","start":10786.007,"end":10786.36},{"text":"with","start":10786.408,"end":10786.553},{"text":"regard","start":10786.553,"end":10786.906},{"text":"to","start":10786.906,"end":10787.018},{"text":"more","start":10787.115,"end":10787.355},{"text":"sustainable","start":10787.355,"end":10787.949},{"text":"fishing","start":10787.998,"end":10788.383},{"text":"gear","start":10788.415,"end":10788.608},{"text":"and","start":10788.736,"end":10788.817},{"text":"techniques,","start":10788.817,"end":10789.539},{"text":"was","start":10789.7,"end":10789.828},{"text":"provided.","start":10789.94,"end":10790.39}]},{"text":"Some states also drew attention to how bottom fishing was regulated in areas under national jurisdiction.","start":10791.482,"end":10797.278,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Some","start":10791.482,"end":10791.755},{"text":"states","start":10791.787,"end":10792.269},{"text":"also","start":10792.349,"end":10792.67},{"text":"drew","start":10792.67,"end":10792.847},{"text":"attention","start":10792.847,"end":10793.393},{"text":"to","start":10793.393,"end":10793.521},{"text":"how","start":10793.537,"end":10793.666},{"text":"bottom","start":10793.794,"end":10794.035},{"text":"fishing","start":10794.099,"end":10794.404},{"text":"was","start":10794.501,"end":10794.645},{"text":"regulated","start":10794.693,"end":10795.287},{"text":"in","start":10795.464,"end":10795.512},{"text":"areas","start":10795.641,"end":10795.93},{"text":"under","start":10796.106,"end":10796.267},{"text":"national","start":10796.267,"end":10796.748},{"text":"jurisdiction.","start":10796.748,"end":10797.278}]},{"text":"Attention was further drawn to the need for technical assistance and capacity building for developing states to assist them in implementing the General Assembly framework.","start":10798.917,"end":10807.778,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Attention","start":10798.917,"end":10799.465},{"text":"was","start":10799.497,"end":10799.626},{"text":"further","start":10799.722,"end":10799.948},{"text":"drawn","start":10799.98,"end":10800.19},{"text":"to","start":10800.302,"end":10800.399},{"text":"the","start":10800.399,"end":10800.528},{"text":"need","start":10800.528,"end":10800.77},{"text":"for","start":10800.77,"end":10800.85},{"text":"technical","start":10800.866,"end":10801.302},{"text":"assistance","start":10801.35,"end":10801.914},{"text":"and","start":10801.994,"end":10802.091},{"text":"capacity","start":10802.22,"end":10802.655},{"text":"building","start":10802.719,"end":10803.09},{"text":"for","start":10803.67,"end":10803.767},{"text":"developing","start":10803.783,"end":10804.218},{"text":"states","start":10804.266,"end":10804.669},{"text":"to","start":10804.814,"end":10804.911},{"text":"assist","start":10804.911,"end":10805.298},{"text":"them","start":10805.298,"end":10805.41},{"text":"in","start":10805.62,"end":10805.749},{"text":"implementing","start":10805.781,"end":10806.393},{"text":"the","start":10806.49,"end":10806.587},{"text":"General","start":10806.587,"end":10806.925},{"text":"Assembly","start":10806.925,"end":10807.28},{"text":"framework.","start":10807.28,"end":10807.778}]},{"text":"The importance of FAO's technical work to support RFMOs and states in the regulation of bottom fisheries was also underscored.","start":10809,"end":10817.051,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":10809,"end":10809.16},{"text":"importance","start":10809.16,"end":10809.659},{"text":"of","start":10809.868,"end":10809.932},{"text":"FAO's","start":10810.125,"end":10810.575},{"text":"technical","start":10810.607,"end":10811.074},{"text":"work","start":10811.154,"end":10811.476},{"text":"to","start":10811.476,"end":10811.588},{"text":"support","start":10811.588,"end":10812.215},{"text":"RFMOs","start":10812.279,"end":10812.73},{"text":"and","start":10813.34,"end":10813.405},{"text":"states","start":10813.485,"end":10813.839},{"text":"in","start":10814.064,"end":10814.128},{"text":"the","start":10814.128,"end":10814.209},{"text":"regulation","start":10814.209,"end":10814.803},{"text":"of","start":10814.803,"end":10814.868},{"text":"bottom","start":10814.868,"end":10815.173},{"text":"fisheries","start":10815.173,"end":10815.559},{"text":"was","start":10815.673,"end":10815.889},{"text":"also","start":10816.071,"end":10816.387},{"text":"underscored.","start":10816.42,"end":10817.051}]},{"text":"In Segment 4, participants highlighted the work being undertaken by the FAO and other partners under the Deep Sea Fisheries Project to reinforce the capacity of developing states to participate in the management of deep sea fisheries, including online and in-person trainings and publications.","start":10818.856,"end":10838.342,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":10818.856,"end":10818.92},{"text":"Segment","start":10818.952,"end":10819.42},{"text":"4,","start":10819.42,"end":10819.629},{"text":"participants","start":10820.403,"end":10821.224},{"text":"highlighted","start":10821.353,"end":10821.982},{"text":"the","start":10822.159,"end":10822.272},{"text":"work","start":10822.272,"end":10822.514},{"text":"being","start":10822.562,"end":10822.787},{"text":"undertaken","start":10822.965,"end":10823.545},{"text":"by","start":10823.545,"end":10823.738},{"text":"the","start":10823.932,"end":10823.996},{"text":"FAO","start":10824.093,"end":10824.27},{"text":"and","start":10824.964,"end":10825.029},{"text":"other","start":10825.11,"end":10825.255},{"text":"partners","start":10825.287,"end":10825.82},{"text":"under","start":10825.933,"end":10826.176},{"text":"the","start":10826.24,"end":10826.321},{"text":"Deep","start":10826.402,"end":10826.596},{"text":"Sea","start":10826.596,"end":10826.822},{"text":"Fisheries","start":10826.822,"end":10827.274},{"text":"Project","start":10827.307,"end":10827.953},{"text":"to","start":10828.438,"end":10828.583},{"text":"reinforce","start":10828.583,"end":10829.132},{"text":"the","start":10829.229,"end":10829.31},{"text":"capacity","start":10829.31,"end":10829.859},{"text":"of","start":10829.892,"end":10829.988},{"text":"developing","start":10829.988,"end":10830.505},{"text":"states","start":10830.538,"end":10830.909},{"text":"to","start":10831.2,"end":10831.313},{"text":"participate","start":10831.329,"end":10832.04},{"text":"in","start":10832.153,"end":10832.234},{"text":"the","start":10832.234,"end":10832.315},{"text":"management","start":10832.315,"end":10832.896},{"text":"of","start":10832.896,"end":10833.01},{"text":"deep","start":10833.01,"end":10833.123},{"text":"sea","start":10833.139,"end":10833.284},{"text":"fisheries,","start":10833.284,"end":10833.737},{"text":"including","start":10834.819,"end":10835.24},{"text":"online","start":10835.369,"end":10835.837},{"text":"and","start":10836.015,"end":10836.096},{"text":"in-person","start":10836.274,"end":10836.807},{"text":"trainings","start":10836.904,"end":10837.373},{"text":"and","start":10837.47,"end":10837.631},{"text":"publications.","start":10837.631,"end":10838.342}]},{"text":"Information was also provided regarding a series of initiatives addressing— addressed at improving management by states and RFMOs and OCNAs.","start":10839.422,"end":10848.538,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Information","start":10839.422,"end":10839.873},{"text":"was","start":10839.97,"end":10840.115},{"text":"also","start":10840.228,"end":10840.405},{"text":"provided","start":10840.47,"end":10841.115},{"text":"regarding","start":10841.115,"end":10841.566},{"text":"a","start":10841.743,"end":10841.759},{"text":"series","start":10841.759,"end":10842.211},{"text":"of","start":10842.388,"end":10842.501},{"text":"initiatives","start":10842.501,"end":10843.291},{"text":"addressing—","start":10843.372,"end":10843.984},{"text":"addressed","start":10844.484,"end":10844.984},{"text":"at","start":10845.048,"end":10845.226},{"text":"improving","start":10845.242,"end":10845.758},{"text":"management","start":10845.79,"end":10846.435},{"text":"by","start":10846.435,"end":10846.564},{"text":"states","start":10846.596,"end":10847.064},{"text":"and","start":10847.08,"end":10847.144},{"text":"RFMOs","start":10847.29,"end":10847.63},{"text":"and","start":10847.809,"end":10847.873},{"text":"OCNAs.","start":10848.036,"end":10848.538}]},{"text":"Information was also provided regarding the potential impacts of bottom fishing on climate change and the need for fisheries and the importance of aquatic foods to feature more prominently in global discussions on climate change.","start":10849.917,"end":10862.338,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Information","start":10849.917,"end":10850.501},{"text":"was","start":10850.566,"end":10850.696},{"text":"also","start":10850.793,"end":10850.988},{"text":"provided","start":10851.052,"end":10851.62},{"text":"regarding","start":10851.62,"end":10852.009},{"text":"the","start":10852.107,"end":10852.269},{"text":"potential","start":10852.269,"end":10852.788},{"text":"impacts","start":10852.902,"end":10853.323},{"text":"of","start":10853.323,"end":10853.404},{"text":"bottom","start":10853.404,"end":10853.729},{"text":"fishing","start":10853.729,"end":10854.021},{"text":"on","start":10854.215,"end":10854.264},{"text":"climate","start":10854.361,"end":10854.507},{"text":"change","start":10854.507,"end":10854.832},{"text":"and","start":10855.463,"end":10855.527},{"text":"the","start":10855.543,"end":10855.64},{"text":"need","start":10855.64,"end":10855.864},{"text":"for","start":10855.864,"end":10856.009},{"text":"fisheries","start":10856.009,"end":10856.555},{"text":"and","start":10856.748,"end":10856.828},{"text":"the","start":10856.828,"end":10856.973},{"text":"importance","start":10856.973,"end":10857.535},{"text":"of","start":10857.535,"end":10857.68},{"text":"aquatic","start":10857.776,"end":10858.258},{"text":"foods","start":10858.258,"end":10858.611},{"text":"to","start":10859.173,"end":10859.286},{"text":"feature","start":10859.318,"end":10859.655},{"text":"more","start":10859.655,"end":10859.816},{"text":"prominently","start":10859.816,"end":10860.491},{"text":"in","start":10860.603,"end":10860.651},{"text":"global","start":10860.683,"end":10861.021},{"text":"discussions","start":10861.069,"end":10861.583},{"text":"on","start":10861.711,"end":10861.776},{"text":"climate","start":10861.792,"end":10862.049},{"text":"change.","start":10862.049,"end":10862.338}]},{"text":"A view was also expressed regarding the need to balance environmental conservation with the societal and economic importance of fishing and the need to provide assistance to developing states in this regard.","start":10863.558,"end":10877.276,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"A","start":10863.558,"end":10863.575},{"text":"view","start":10863.639,"end":10863.864},{"text":"was","start":10863.88,"end":10863.944},{"text":"also","start":10864.121,"end":10864.426},{"text":"expressed","start":10864.603,"end":10865.1},{"text":"regarding","start":10865.1,"end":10865.486},{"text":"the","start":10865.582,"end":10865.663},{"text":"need","start":10865.663,"end":10865.872},{"text":"to","start":10865.904,"end":10866},{"text":"balance","start":10866.064,"end":10866.418},{"text":"environmental","start":10866.626,"end":10867.333},{"text":"conservation","start":10867.333,"end":10868.12},{"text":"with","start":10868.233,"end":10868.377},{"text":"the","start":10868.377,"end":10868.458},{"text":"societal","start":10868.458,"end":10869.213},{"text":"and","start":10869.341,"end":10869.421},{"text":"economic","start":10869.598,"end":10870.257},{"text":"importance","start":10870.722,"end":10871.269},{"text":"of","start":10871.285,"end":10871.365},{"text":"fishing","start":10871.365,"end":10871.815},{"text":"and","start":10872.473,"end":10872.554},{"text":"the","start":10872.57,"end":10872.65},{"text":"need","start":10872.65,"end":10872.939},{"text":"to","start":10872.955,"end":10873.052},{"text":"provide","start":10873.052,"end":10873.549},{"text":"assistance","start":10873.598,"end":10874.192},{"text":"to","start":10875.14,"end":10875.284},{"text":"developing","start":10875.284,"end":10875.75},{"text":"states","start":10875.782,"end":10876.136},{"text":"in","start":10876.328,"end":10876.393},{"text":"this","start":10876.505,"end":10876.698},{"text":"regard.","start":10876.826,"end":10877.276}]},{"text":"We also had contributions on on cultural aspects and on the importance of traditional knowledge.","start":10878.754,"end":10885.122,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":10878.754,"end":10878.898},{"text":"also","start":10879.059,"end":10879.444},{"text":"had","start":10879.461,"end":10879.605},{"text":"contributions","start":10879.701,"end":10880.328},{"text":"on","start":10880.505,"end":10880.569},{"text":"on","start":10880.826,"end":10880.875},{"text":"cultural","start":10881.149,"end":10881.602},{"text":"aspects","start":10881.715,"end":10882.231},{"text":"and","start":10882.441,"end":10882.587},{"text":"on","start":10882.764,"end":10882.813},{"text":"the","start":10882.861,"end":10882.99},{"text":"importance","start":10883.023,"end":10883.62},{"text":"of","start":10883.814,"end":10883.879},{"text":"traditional","start":10883.927,"end":10884.735},{"text":"knowledge.","start":10884.783,"end":10885.122}]},{"text":"Furthermore, we had reflections on the human aspect and working conditions of crew members, not least coming from developing 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