{"disclaimer":"Automatically generated transcript — may contain errors. Not an official United Nations record.","video":{"id":"k1c/k1cq6f2cah","kaltura_id":"1_cq6f2cah","title":"Pekka Haavisto (Personal Envoy of the Secretary-General for Sudan) on the situation in the country - Press Conference","clean_title":"Pekka Haavisto (Personal Envoy of the Secretary-General for Sudan) on the situation in the country - Press Conference","url":"https://webtv.un.org/en/asset/k1c/k1cq6f2cah","date":"2026-06-25T00:00:00.000Z","scheduled_time":"2026-06-25T16:30:00.000Z","status":"finished","duration":"00:30:24","category":"Press Conferences","body":null,"event_code":null,"event_type":null,"session_number":null,"pv_symbol":null,"pv_part":null,"slug":"asset/k1c/k1cq6f2cah"},"metadata":{"summary":"Press Conference by Pekka Haavisto, Personal Envoy of the Secretary-General for Sudan, on the situation in the country.","description":null,"categories":["Media","Press Conferences"],"geographic_subject":["SUDAN","Media Homepage","About Us","UN News","UN Web TV Homepage","Categories","Live Schedule","Contact","UN Audiovisual Library Homepage","Categories","Series","Recently Digitised","Browse by Decades","Guidelines","Contact","UN Photo Homepage","Categories","Latest Photos","Photo Essays","Collections","Guidelines","Contact","UNifeed","UNTV","UN Audiovisual Library for Professionals","UN Photo - Digital Asset Management System","Media Accreditation and Liaison","Meetings Coverage","Media","A-Z Site Index","Copyright","FAQ","Fraud Alert","Privacy Notice","Terms of Use","Interpretation Disclaimer","Request for Footage"],"subject_topical":["CIVILIANS","HUMAN RIGHTS","CIVILIAN PROTECTION"],"corporate_name":[],"speaker_affiliation":[],"related_documents":[]},"transcript":{"transcript_id":"assemblyai-universal-3-pro-34c70db3-2c74-49b8-a67f-10b2653cc4fa","language":"en","data":[{"statement_number":1,"paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Great. Good afternoon.","start":0.432,"end":1.522,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Great.","start":0.432,"end":0.737},{"text":"Good","start":0.817,"end":0.977},{"text":"afternoon.","start":0.977,"end":1.522}]},{"text":"We're delighted to be joined in person by Pekka Havisto, who you all know as the Secretary-General's Personal Envoy for Sudan.","start":2.035,"end":9.056,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We're","start":2.035,"end":2.179},{"text":"delighted","start":2.179,"end":2.58},{"text":"to","start":2.58,"end":2.644},{"text":"be","start":2.676,"end":2.757},{"text":"joined","start":2.821,"end":3.285},{"text":"in","start":3.734,"end":3.846},{"text":"person","start":3.879,"end":4.247},{"text":"by","start":4.343,"end":4.6},{"text":"Pekka","start":4.76,"end":5.065},{"text":"Havisto,","start":5.065,"end":5.497},{"text":"who","start":5.786,"end":5.946},{"text":"you","start":5.946,"end":6.01},{"text":"all","start":6.187,"end":6.235},{"text":"know","start":6.283,"end":6.427},{"text":"as","start":6.427,"end":6.491},{"text":"the","start":6.507,"end":6.587},{"text":"Secretary-General's","start":6.587,"end":7.309},{"text":"Personal","start":7.325,"end":7.726},{"text":"Envoy","start":7.726,"end":7.998},{"text":"for","start":8.11,"end":8.479},{"text":"Sudan.","start":8.527,"end":9.056}]},{"text":"He will have some opening remarks and then we'll take some questions.","start":9.393,"end":12.101,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"He","start":9.393,"end":9.473},{"text":"will","start":9.473,"end":9.553},{"text":"have","start":9.553,"end":9.697},{"text":"some","start":9.713,"end":9.889},{"text":"opening","start":10.114,"end":10.402},{"text":"remarks","start":10.45,"end":10.995},{"text":"and","start":11.011,"end":11.076},{"text":"then","start":11.092,"end":11.188},{"text":"we'll","start":11.188,"end":11.332},{"text":"take","start":11.332,"end":11.492},{"text":"some","start":11.492,"end":11.637},{"text":"questions.","start":11.653,"end":12.101}]},{"text":"Mr. Havisto, over to you.","start":13.416,"end":15.259,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":13.416,"end":13.672},{"text":"Havisto,","start":13.72,"end":14.137},{"text":"over","start":14.842,"end":15.019},{"text":"to","start":15.019,"end":15.163},{"text":"you.","start":15.163,"end":15.259}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Stéphane","affiliation":"UN","affiliation_full":"UN","group":null,"function":"Moderator"}},{"statement_number":2,"paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you and good afternoon, everyone.","start":16.686,"end":18.641,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":16.686,"end":16.926},{"text":"you","start":16.926,"end":17.086},{"text":"and","start":17.086,"end":17.359},{"text":"good","start":17.423,"end":17.583},{"text":"afternoon,","start":17.583,"end":18.016},{"text":"everyone.","start":18.048,"end":18.641}]},{"text":"And I really have been in this task now a little bit more than 3 months and had several visits to Khartoum and also to countries of the region and doing mainly this kind of shuttle diplomacy at the moment.","start":19.347,"end":32.922,"topics":[{"key":"peace-mediation","label":"Peace Mediation Efforts","description":"The proceeding repeatedly addressed UN and regional mediation efforts, including meetings with political parties, civil society, and other Sudanese actors in Berlin, Addis Ababa, and elsewhere. Coordination among the UN, the Quintet, the Quad, and non-governmental mediation actors was presented as essential to moving the peace process forward."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":19.347,"end":19.395},{"text":"I","start":19.395,"end":19.427},{"text":"really","start":19.427,"end":19.715},{"text":"have","start":21.014,"end":21.174},{"text":"been","start":21.174,"end":21.414},{"text":"in","start":21.414,"end":21.494},{"text":"this","start":21.494,"end":21.671},{"text":"task","start":21.671,"end":22.088},{"text":"now","start":22.152,"end":22.328},{"text":"a","start":22.472,"end":22.488},{"text":"little","start":22.488,"end":22.697},{"text":"bit","start":22.697,"end":22.793},{"text":"more","start":22.793,"end":22.953},{"text":"than","start":22.953,"end":23.113},{"text":"3","start":23.113,"end":23.354},{"text":"months","start":23.354,"end":23.626},{"text":"and","start":23.819,"end":24.139},{"text":"had","start":24.78,"end":24.909},{"text":"several","start":25.197,"end":25.726},{"text":"visits","start":25.758,"end":26.079},{"text":"to","start":26.079,"end":26.287},{"text":"Khartoum","start":26.303,"end":26.832},{"text":"and","start":26.88,"end":27.025},{"text":"also","start":27.025,"end":27.441},{"text":"to","start":27.441,"end":27.57},{"text":"countries","start":27.57,"end":27.892},{"text":"of","start":27.94,"end":28.021},{"text":"the","start":28.085,"end":28.166},{"text":"region","start":28.166,"end":28.537},{"text":"and","start":28.634,"end":28.811},{"text":"doing","start":29.682,"end":29.907},{"text":"mainly","start":30.407,"end":30.729},{"text":"this","start":30.746,"end":30.907},{"text":"kind","start":30.907,"end":31.068},{"text":"of","start":31.068,"end":31.149},{"text":"shuttle","start":31.149,"end":31.519},{"text":"diplomacy","start":31.616,"end":32.181},{"text":"at","start":32.181,"end":32.293},{"text":"the","start":32.293,"end":32.374},{"text":"moment.","start":32.374,"end":32.922}]},{"text":"My office is in Addis Ababa.","start":33.728,"end":35.099,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"My","start":33.728,"end":33.825},{"text":"office","start":33.825,"end":34.196},{"text":"is","start":34.196,"end":34.26},{"text":"in","start":34.293,"end":34.518},{"text":"Addis","start":34.518,"end":34.841},{"text":"Ababa.","start":34.841,"end":35.099}]},{"text":"Maybe—","start":37.37,"end":37.953,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Maybe—","start":37.37,"end":37.953}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Pekka Havisto","affiliation":"UN","affiliation_full":"UN","group":null,"function":"Secretary-General's Personal Envoy for Sudan"}},{"statement_number":3,"paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Yeah, speak a tad louder.","start":37.953,"end":39.411,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Yeah,","start":37.953,"end":38.147},{"text":"speak","start":38.309,"end":38.601},{"text":"a","start":38.633,"end":38.649},{"text":"tad","start":38.763,"end":39.022},{"text":"louder.","start":39.022,"end":39.411}]},{"text":"If you can up the volume in the room a little bit.","start":39.508,"end":41.793,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"If","start":39.508,"end":39.573},{"text":"you","start":39.573,"end":39.654},{"text":"can","start":39.654,"end":39.816},{"text":"up","start":39.816,"end":39.978},{"text":"the","start":39.994,"end":40.075},{"text":"volume","start":40.075,"end":40.448},{"text":"in","start":40.48,"end":40.561},{"text":"the","start":40.561,"end":40.626},{"text":"room","start":40.642,"end":40.853},{"text":"a","start":40.885,"end":40.902},{"text":"little","start":40.902,"end":41.582},{"text":"bit.","start":41.614,"end":41.793}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Stéphane","affiliation":"UN","affiliation_full":"UN","group":null,"function":"Moderator"}},{"statement_number":4,"paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Okay. So my first comment is actually about the current situation in El Obeid.","start":42.603,"end":51.014,"topics":[{"key":"protection-of-civilians","label":"Protection of Civilians","description":"A major focus was the danger to civilians in El Obeid and elsewhere, including fears of siege, troop build-ups, and attacks on populated areas. 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think it's very important that we follow the coming days, what's happening there.","start":129.427,"end":133.447,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":129.427,"end":129.524},{"text":"think","start":129.524,"end":129.751},{"text":"it's","start":129.751,"end":129.913},{"text":"very","start":129.913,"end":130.091},{"text":"important","start":130.091,"end":130.562},{"text":"that","start":130.562,"end":130.74},{"text":"we","start":130.74,"end":130.821},{"text":"follow","start":130.821,"end":131.064},{"text":"the","start":131.875,"end":132.02},{"text":"coming","start":132.02,"end":132.247},{"text":"days,","start":132.28,"end":132.491},{"text":"what's","start":132.604,"end":132.847},{"text":"happening","start":132.847,"end":133.22},{"text":"there.","start":133.317,"end":133.447}]},{"text":"Then some broader developments in 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Bisan Ahmed, then Amelie.","start":428.62,"end":430.768,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":428.62,"end":428.782},{"text":"you.","start":428.782,"end":428.863},{"text":"Bisan","start":429.024,"end":429.557},{"text":"Ahmed,","start":429.993,"end":430.284},{"text":"then","start":430.3,"end":430.413},{"text":"Amelie.","start":430.413,"end":430.768}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Stéphane","affiliation":"UN","affiliation_full":"UN","group":null,"function":"Moderator"}},{"statement_number":9,"paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you very much.","start":431.753,"end":432.512,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":431.753,"end":431.931},{"text":"you","start":431.931,"end":432.076},{"text":"very","start":432.076,"end":432.302},{"text":"much.","start":432.318,"end":432.512}]},{"text":"Bisan Abu Quake with Al Jazeera Arabic, right here.","start":432.9,"end":435.458,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Bisan","start":432.9,"end":433.11},{"text":"Abu","start":433.11,"end":433.239},{"text":"Quake","start":433.288,"end":433.547},{"text":"with","start":433.547,"end":433.709},{"text":"Al","start":433.709,"end":433.79},{"text":"Jazeera","start":433.79,"end":434.438},{"text":"Arabic,","start":434.438,"end":434.859},{"text":"right","start":435.167,"end":435.329},{"text":"here.","start":435.329,"end":435.458}]},{"text":"Just going back to the phone call that you had with General Ahmadi and The assurances that you say he gave you that he will not, uh, harm civilians, given that he is sanctioned, um, by the US, by the EU, and, um, the war crimes that the RSF are accused of committing over the past few years, um, what makes you very confident that he will not harm civilians in Al-Abiad?","start":437.499,"end":470.194,"topics":[{"key":"protection-of-civilians","label":"Protection of Civilians","description":"A major focus was the danger to civilians in El Obeid and elsewhere, including fears of siege, troop build-ups, and attacks on populated areas. Speakers also raised concern about the wider pattern of harm to civilians seen earlier in Darfur and El Fasher."},{"key":"atrocities-and-reconciliation","label":"Atrocities and Reconciliation","description":"Questions and answers repeatedly referred to war crimes, human rights abuses, and the legacy of militias such as the Janjaweed and RSF. At the same time, the discussion noted the need for future accountability and some form of national reconciliation despite the scale of 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Abu Quake","affiliation":"AL JAZEERA","affiliation_full":"AL JAZEERA","group":null,"function":"Journalist"}},{"statement_number":10,"paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Well, in the conflict of Sudan, nothing makes me very— or nothing can be said as very sure 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that we are contacting the both parties regularly and we are talking to the both parties and other actors regularly in Sudan.","start":481.839,"end":493.047,"topics":[{"key":"peace-mediation","label":"Peace Mediation Efforts","description":"The proceeding repeatedly addressed UN and regional mediation efforts, including meetings with political parties, civil society, and other Sudanese actors in Berlin, Addis Ababa, and elsewhere. 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This included both diplomatic influence on the parties and concerns about external military support, such as access to drones and other weapons."}],"words":[{"text":"Now,","start":518.847,"end":519.023},{"text":"I","start":519.472,"end":519.504},{"text":"took","start":519.616,"end":519.793},{"text":"up","start":519.793,"end":519.954},{"text":"the","start":520.018,"end":520.259},{"text":"example,","start":520.58,"end":520.982},{"text":"as","start":520.998,"end":521.126},{"text":"you","start":521.142,"end":521.207},{"text":"all","start":521.223,"end":521.271},{"text":"abide,","start":521.464,"end":521.929},{"text":"but","start":522.524,"end":522.797},{"text":"earlier,","start":522.845,"end":523.15},{"text":"for","start":523.166,"end":523.375},{"text":"example,","start":523.375,"end":523.744},{"text":"when","start":523.809,"end":523.921},{"text":"the","start":524.034,"end":524.194},{"text":"renewed","start":524.194,"end":524.788},{"text":"drone","start":525.094,"end":525.399},{"text":"attacks","start":525.399,"end":525.736},{"text":"to","start":525.736,"end":525.897},{"text":"Khartoum","start":525.897,"end":526.411},{"text":"against","start":526.459,"end":526.78},{"text":"the","start":526.78,"end":526.861},{"text":"capital","start":526.861,"end":527.278},{"text":"started","start":527.278,"end":527.728},{"text":"to","start":527.728,"end":527.808},{"text":"happen,","start":527.808,"end":528.113},{"text":"I","start":528.788,"end":528.868},{"text":"again","start":528.933,"end":529.157},{"text":"picked","start":529.816,"end":529.993},{"text":"the","start":529.993,"end":530.073},{"text":"phone","start":530.073,"end":530.362},{"text":"and","start":530.458,"end":530.555},{"text":"said","start":530.555,"end":530.764},{"text":"that","start":530.796,"end":531.053},{"text":"this","start":531.342,"end":531.486},{"text":"is","start":531.599,"end":531.631},{"text":"something","start":531.631,"end":532.129},{"text":"that","start":532.161,"end":532.386},{"text":"the","start":532.386,"end":532.434},{"text":"international","start":532.482,"end":532.916},{"text":"community","start":532.916,"end":533.285},{"text":"will","start":533.285,"end":533.446},{"text":"not","start":533.446,"end":533.558},{"text":"tolerate","start":533.671,"end":534.233},{"text":"because","start":534.233,"end":534.538},{"text":"UN","start":534.876,"end":535.1},{"text":"is","start":535.213,"end":535.261},{"text":"now","start":535.357,"end":535.486},{"text":"back","start":535.534,"end":535.839},{"text":"to","start":535.839,"end":535.936},{"text":"Khartoum.","start":535.936,"end":536.466}]},{"text":"We are— our humanitarian actors are back to Khartoum.","start":536.578,"end":539.485,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":536.578,"end":536.723},{"text":"are—","start":536.739,"end":536.996},{"text":"our","start":537.365,"end":537.542},{"text":"humanitarian","start":537.542,"end":538.249},{"text":"actors","start":538.249,"end":538.506},{"text":"are","start":538.586,"end":538.666},{"text":"back","start":538.666,"end":538.843},{"text":"to","start":538.907,"end":539.036},{"text":"Khartoum.","start":539.052,"end":539.485}]},{"text":"It's not the right way to attack the Khartoum airport or other targets in Khartoum to again create a situation where humanitarian community would have to withdraw from its key activities.","start":540.096,"end":552.86,"topics":[{"key":"protection-of-civilians","label":"Protection of Civilians","description":"A major focus was the danger to civilians in El Obeid and elsewhere, including fears of siege, troop build-ups, and attacks on populated areas. 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Amélie Ibtissem, Efraïm, then Linda.","start":679.77,"end":682.11,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":679.77,"end":679.87},{"text":"you.","start":679.87,"end":680.11},{"text":"Amélie","start":680.11,"end":680.41},{"text":"Ibtissem,","start":680.41,"end":681.19},{"text":"Efraïm,","start":681.19,"end":681.51},{"text":"then","start":681.51,"end":681.67},{"text":"Linda.","start":681.67,"end":682.11}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Stéphane","affiliation":"UN","affiliation_full":"UN","group":null,"function":"Moderator"}},{"statement_number":15,"paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Q: Thank you.","start":682.14,"end":683.152,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Q:","start":682.14,"end":682.3},{"text":"Thank","start":682.798,"end":683.056},{"text":"you.","start":683.056,"end":683.152}]},{"text":"Amélie Bâtelier from AFP news agency.","start":683.682,"end":685.916,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Amélie","start":683.682,"end":683.907},{"text":"Bâtelier","start":683.939,"end":684.341},{"text":"from","start":684.405,"end":684.55},{"text":"AFP","start":684.647,"end":685.048},{"text":"news","start":685.209,"end":685.354},{"text":"agency.","start":685.386,"end":685.916}]},{"text":"Could you give us— can you give us some more detailed information about what is going on in Al-Ubayd right now?","start":686.736,"end":695.859,"topics":[{"key":"protection-of-civilians","label":"Protection of Civilians","description":"A major focus was the danger to civilians in El Obeid and elsewhere, including fears of siege, troop build-ups, and attacks on populated areas. 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this is maybe one perspective to your question.","start":938.166,"end":940.878,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":938.166,"end":938.342},{"text":"this","start":938.342,"end":938.471},{"text":"is","start":938.583,"end":938.679},{"text":"maybe","start":938.727,"end":939.048},{"text":"one","start":939.048,"end":939.193},{"text":"perspective","start":939.707,"end":940.268},{"text":"to","start":940.268,"end":940.333},{"text":"your","start":940.333,"end":940.541},{"text":"question.","start":940.573,"end":940.878}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Pekka Havisto","affiliation":"UN","affiliation_full":"UN","group":null,"function":"Secretary-General's Personal Envoy for Sudan"}},{"statement_number":21,"paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Efraim, then Linda, then Stefano, then 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Kosaifi.","start":947.027,"end":948.536,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"My","start":947.027,"end":947.171},{"text":"name","start":947.251,"end":947.428},{"text":"is","start":947.428,"end":947.588},{"text":"Efraim","start":947.733,"end":948.038},{"text":"Kosaifi.","start":948.054,"end":948.536}]},{"text":"I'm with Arab News Daily.","start":948.632,"end":949.948,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I'm","start":948.632,"end":948.744},{"text":"with","start":948.776,"end":948.985},{"text":"Arab","start":949.081,"end":949.322},{"text":"News","start":949.322,"end":949.547},{"text":"Daily.","start":949.579,"end":949.948}]},{"text":"Mr. Havishto, this is not the first time that you take up a mission to Sudan.","start":950.446,"end":954.923,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":950.446,"end":950.638},{"text":"Havishto,","start":950.687,"end":951.088},{"text":"this","start":951.104,"end":951.232},{"text":"is","start":951.281,"end":951.393},{"text":"not","start":951.441,"end":951.618},{"text":"the","start":951.666,"end":951.746},{"text":"first","start":951.746,"end":952.019},{"text":"time","start":952.067,"end":952.292},{"text":"that","start":952.388,"end":952.549},{"text":"you","start":952.549,"end":952.693},{"text":"take","start":952.709,"end":953.014},{"text":"up","start":953.014,"end":953.207},{"text":"a","start":953.897,"end":953.913},{"text":"mission","start":953.913,"end":954.281},{"text":"to","start":954.394,"end":954.474},{"text":"Sudan.","start":954.474,"end":954.923}]},{"text":"You've been working on Sudan for a while.","start":955.099,"end":956.735,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"You've","start":955.099,"end":955.276},{"text":"been","start":955.276,"end":955.34},{"text":"working","start":955.436,"end":955.805},{"text":"on","start":955.821,"end":955.869},{"text":"Sudan","start":955.917,"end":956.286},{"text":"for","start":956.382,"end":956.478},{"text":"a","start":956.478,"end":956.542},{"text":"while.","start":956.542,"end":956.735}]},{"text":"You were the EU envoy to Sudan.","start":956.863,"end":958.611,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"You","start":956.863,"end":956.943},{"text":"were","start":956.943,"end":957.104},{"text":"the","start":957.104,"end":957.264},{"text":"EU","start":957.344,"end":957.569},{"text":"envoy","start":957.745,"end":958.082},{"text":"to","start":958.162,"end":958.242},{"text":"Sudan.","start":958.242,"end":958.611}]},{"text":"You were also— you worked on the Darfur peace process.","start":959.188,"end":962.074,"topics":[{"key":"peace-mediation","label":"Peace Mediation 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Coordination among the UN, the Quintet, the Quad, and non-governmental mediation actors was presented as essential to moving the peace process forward."}],"words":[{"text":"You","start":959.188,"end":959.252},{"text":"were","start":959.284,"end":959.509},{"text":"also—","start":959.589,"end":960.006},{"text":"you","start":960.15,"end":960.214},{"text":"worked","start":960.31,"end":960.567},{"text":"on","start":960.567,"end":960.631},{"text":"the","start":960.631,"end":960.711},{"text":"Darfur","start":960.743,"end":961.353},{"text":"peace","start":961.353,"end":961.609},{"text":"process.","start":961.609,"end":962.074}]},{"text":"And now here you are again trying to play part in the— trying to get these parties to stop fighting.","start":962.571,"end":969.354,"topics":[{"key":"peace-mediation","label":"Peace Mediation Efforts","description":"The proceeding repeatedly addressed UN and regional mediation efforts, including meetings with political parties, civil society, and other Sudanese actors in Berlin, Addis Ababa, and elsewhere. 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This continued belief in military advantage was described as a key obstacle to serious negotiations."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":962.571,"end":962.7},{"text":"now","start":962.732,"end":962.844},{"text":"here","start":962.972,"end":963.149},{"text":"you","start":963.149,"end":963.341},{"text":"are","start":963.357,"end":963.405},{"text":"again","start":963.469,"end":963.822},{"text":"trying","start":964.159,"end":964.383},{"text":"to","start":964.512,"end":964.688},{"text":"play","start":965.217,"end":965.522},{"text":"part","start":965.522,"end":965.923},{"text":"in","start":965.939,"end":965.987},{"text":"the—","start":966.564,"end":966.66},{"text":"trying","start":967.125,"end":967.35},{"text":"to","start":967.478,"end":967.622},{"text":"get","start":967.622,"end":967.831},{"text":"these","start":967.863,"end":967.991},{"text":"parties","start":968.103,"end":968.472},{"text":"to","start":968.504,"end":968.617},{"text":"stop","start":968.649,"end":968.905},{"text":"fighting.","start":968.905,"end":969.354}]},{"text":"My question for you is, what has it changed really in your dealing with a group like the RSF?","start":970.268,"end":976.762,"topics":[{"key":"atrocities-and-reconciliation","label":"Atrocities and Reconciliation","description":"Questions and answers repeatedly referred to war crimes, human rights abuses, and the legacy of militias such as the Janjaweed and RSF. 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Stefano Vaccara, Edelpress.","start":1343.478,"end":1345.514,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":1343.478,"end":1343.702},{"text":"you.","start":1343.702,"end":1343.798},{"text":"Stefano","start":1343.878,"end":1344.199},{"text":"Vaccara,","start":1344.199,"end":1344.84},{"text":"Edelpress.","start":1344.936,"end":1345.514}]},{"text":"My question is about the fact that the war in Gulf had on your job in Sudan.","start":1346.924,"end":1353.996,"topics":[{"key":"foreign-involvement","label":"Regional and International Involvement","description":"The role of outside actors was discussed throughout, including the United States, Saudi Arabia, the UAE, Egypt, and neighboring countries. 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That United Nations is not, not in the Quad, but United Nations is one of the five in the Quintet.","start":1703.304,"end":1709.418,"topics":[{"key":"peace-mediation","label":"Peace Mediation Efforts","description":"The proceeding repeatedly addressed UN and regional mediation efforts, including meetings with political parties, civil society, and other Sudanese actors in Berlin, Addis Ababa, and elsewhere. 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The discussion also highlighted that agreeing on what happens immediately after a truce is one of the main barriers to securing it."},{"key":"foreign-involvement","label":"Regional and International Involvement","description":"The role of outside actors was discussed throughout, including the United States, Saudi Arabia, the UAE, Egypt, and neighboring countries. This included both diplomatic influence on the parties and concerns about external military support, such as access to drones and other weapons."},{"key":"protection-of-civilians","label":"Protection of Civilians","description":"A major focus was the danger to civilians in El Obeid and elsewhere, including fears of siege, troop build-ups, and attacks on populated areas. Speakers also raised concern about the wider pattern of harm to civilians seen earlier in Darfur and El Fasher."},{"key":"transitional-governance","label":"Transitional Governance","description":"Speakers discussed what a future political order in Sudan should look like, especially the idea of a civilian-led government during a transitional period. The talks also rejected the normalization of partition, parallel governments, or a long-term arrangement with multiple armies."},{"key":"atrocities-and-reconciliation","label":"Atrocities and Reconciliation","description":"Questions and answers repeatedly referred to war crimes, human rights abuses, and the legacy of militias such as the Janjaweed and RSF. At the same time, the discussion noted the need for future accountability and some form of national reconciliation despite the scale of atrocities."}]}}