{"disclaimer":"Automatically generated transcript — may contain errors. Not an official United Nations record.","video":{"id":"k1w/k1wfktchk0","kaltura_id":"1_wfktchk0","title":"Programme of Action on Small Arms and Light Weapons — Ninth Biennial Meeting of States, (1st Meeting) Open-Ended Technical Expert Group","clean_title":"Programme of Action on Small Arms and Light Weapons — Ninth Biennial Meeting of States, (1st Meeting) Open-Ended Technical Expert Group","url":"https://webtv.un.org/en/asset/k1w/k1wfktchk0","date":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","scheduled_time":"2026-06-04T14:00:00.000Z","status":"finished","duration":"02:39:06","category":"General Assembly","body":"General Assembly","event_code":null,"event_type":null,"session_number":null,"pv_symbol":null,"pv_part":null,"slug":"asset/k1w/k1wfktchk0"},"metadata":{"summary":"The General Assembly, through resolution 79/40 on the illicit trade in small arms and light weapons in all its aspects, decided to convene the ninth biennial meeting of States (BMS9) in 2026, to consider key challenges and opportunities relating to the implementation of the Programme of Action and the International Tracing Instrument at the national, regional and global levels. ","description":"Open-Ended Technical Expert Group The ninth Biennial Meeting of States to Consider the Implementation of the Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects will be held from1-5 June 2026 in New York.","categories":["Meetings & Events","General Assembly"],"geographic_subject":[],"subject_topical":["SMALL ARMS","COOPERATION","ARMS CONTROL"],"corporate_name":[],"speaker_affiliation":[],"related_documents":[]},"transcript":{"transcript_id":"assemblyai-universal-3-pro-4c536822-f8ec-437e-a61a-477507b1b88f","language":"en","data":[{"statement_number":1,"paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Okay, I think we should be starting now.","start":1.76,"end":5.55,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Okay,","start":1.76,"end":2.36},{"text":"I","start":2.36,"end":2.38},{"text":"think","start":2.38,"end":2.62},{"text":"we","start":2.62,"end":3.54},{"text":"should","start":3.54,"end":3.88},{"text":"be","start":3.88,"end":4.14},{"text":"starting","start":4.14,"end":4.699},{"text":"now.","start":4.699,"end":5.55}]},{"text":"Excellencies, Deputy to the High Representative for Disarmament Affairs, delegates and experts, ladies and gentlemen, it is my pleasure to declare open the first meeting of the Open-Ended Technical Expert Group on Development in the Manufacturing Technology and Design of Small Arms and Light Weapons, established under the UN Programme of Action and the International Tracing 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the outset, let me thank all delegations for electing me as Chair on 1st June and for the trust placed in me to lead this important 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the past months in my role as Chair-designate, I have become familiar with how developments in manufacturing, technology, and design of small arms and light weapons are impacting the effective implementation of the Programme of Action and the International Tracing 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week, in the course of the BMS, under the leadership of the Chair, Ambassador James Larsen of Australia, my good 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heard from delegations from all regions about how technologies are reshaping how weapons can be produced, marked, and 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light weapons is a matter of profound importance to my country, Sierra Leone, a nation that has seen firsthand the devastating consequence of the illicit proliferation of small arms and light weapons.","start":92.13,"end":106.48,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Combating","start":92.13,"end":92.39},{"text":"illicit","start":92.39,"end":92.79},{"text":"small","start":92.79,"end":93.09},{"text":"arms","start":93.09,"end":93.37},{"text":"and","start":93.37,"end":93.509},{"text":"light","start":93.509,"end":93.67},{"text":"weapons","start":93.67,"end":94.07},{"text":"is","start":94.07,"end":94.41},{"text":"a","start":94.41,"end":94.57},{"text":"matter","start":94.57,"end":94.77},{"text":"of","start":94.77,"end":94.91},{"text":"profound","start":94.91,"end":95.45},{"text":"importance","start":95.45,"end":96.31},{"text":"to","start":96.31,"end":96.57},{"text":"my","start":96.57,"end":96.69},{"text":"country,","start":96.69,"end":97.34},{"text":"Sierra","start":97.37,"end":97.61},{"text":"Leone,","start":97.61,"end":98.83},{"text":"a","start":98.83,"end":99.01},{"text":"nation","start":99.01,"end":99.35},{"text":"that","start":99.35,"end":99.49},{"text":"has","start":99.49,"end":99.79},{"text":"seen","start":99.79,"end":100.05},{"text":"firsthand","start":100.05,"end":100.93},{"text":"the","start":100.93,"end":101.53},{"text":"devastating","start":101.53,"end":102.07},{"text":"consequence","start":102.07,"end":102.82},{"text":"of","start":103.18,"end":103.46},{"text":"the","start":103.46,"end":103.58},{"text":"illicit","start":103.58,"end":104.06},{"text":"proliferation","start":104.06,"end":104.7},{"text":"of","start":104.7,"end":104.96},{"text":"small","start":104.96,"end":105.14},{"text":"arms","start":105.14,"end":105.48},{"text":"and","start":105.48,"end":105.62},{"text":"light","start":105.62,"end":105.78},{"text":"weapons.","start":105.78,"end":106.48}]},{"text":"During our Security Council tenure and our presidency last year, we made small arms a priority issue.","start":107.819,"end":114.99,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"During","start":107.819,"end":108},{"text":"our","start":108,"end":108.22},{"text":"Security","start":108.22,"end":108.479},{"text":"Council","start":108.479,"end":108.939},{"text":"tenure","start":108.939,"end":109.38},{"text":"and","start":109.38,"end":110.199},{"text":"our","start":110.199,"end":110.46},{"text":"presidency","start":110.46,"end":111},{"text":"last","start":111,"end":111.56},{"text":"year,","start":111.56,"end":112.709},{"text":"we","start":112.84,"end":112.84},{"text":"made","start":112.84,"end":113.1},{"text":"small","start":113.1,"end":113.34},{"text":"arms","start":113.34,"end":113.64},{"text":"a","start":113.64,"end":113.9},{"text":"priority","start":113.9,"end":114.34},{"text":"issue.","start":114.34,"end":114.99}]},{"text":"Distinguished delegates, the establishment of this open-ended technical expert group represents an important step forward.","start":116.92,"end":125.76,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Distinguished","start":116.92,"end":117.219},{"text":"delegates,","start":117.219,"end":118.799},{"text":"the","start":118.799,"end":118.879},{"text":"establishment","start":118.879,"end":119.48},{"text":"of","start":119.48,"end":119.76},{"text":"this","start":119.76,"end":120.08},{"text":"open-ended","start":120.08,"end":120.68},{"text":"technical","start":120.68,"end":121.08},{"text":"expert","start":121.08,"end":121.66},{"text":"group","start":121.66,"end":122.52},{"text":"represents","start":122.52,"end":123.34},{"text":"an","start":123.34,"end":123.62},{"text":"important","start":123.62,"end":124.02},{"text":"step","start":124.02,"end":124.42},{"text":"forward.","start":124.42,"end":125.76}]},{"text":"Over the past months, I have held several informal consultations with states, as well as with intergovernmental organizations, civil society, and industry 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mandated by the General Assembly through the Fourth Review Conference of the POA, our task is clear: to develop agreed recommendations by consensus to ensure the full and effective implementation of the POA and the ITI in light of developments in the manufacturing, technology, and design of small arms and light 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we are not expected to negotiate recommendations this week.","start":184.178,"end":187.453,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Accordingly,","start":184.178,"end":184.566},{"text":"we","start":184.68,"end":184.744},{"text":"are","start":184.744,"end":184.841},{"text":"not","start":184.841,"end":185.068},{"text":"expected","start":185.068,"end":185.569},{"text":"to","start":185.569,"end":185.666},{"text":"negotiate","start":185.78,"end":186.061},{"text":"recommendations","start":186.061,"end":186.939},{"text":"this","start":186.973,"end":187.205},{"text":"week.","start":187.205,"end":187.453}]},{"text":"Instead, our objective over these two days is to engage in substantive technical discussions that will help us identify key issues, emerging priorities, and areas where further work is 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the next two days, our work will be structured around three thematic panels.","start":202.955,"end":207.178,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Over","start":202.955,"end":203.052},{"text":"the","start":203.052,"end":203.18},{"text":"next","start":203.18,"end":203.437},{"text":"two","start":203.437,"end":203.597},{"text":"days,","start":203.597,"end":203.886},{"text":"our","start":204.063,"end":204.24},{"text":"work","start":204.304,"end":204.497},{"text":"will","start":204.561,"end":204.705},{"text":"be","start":204.705,"end":204.786},{"text":"structured","start":204.786,"end":205.412},{"text":"around","start":205.508,"end":205.733},{"text":"three","start":205.829,"end":206.038},{"text":"thematic","start":206.247,"end":206.809},{"text":"panels.","start":206.809,"end":207.178}]},{"text":"This morning, we will begin our thematic panels with a focus on 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encourage us to think creatively, collaboratively, and pragmatically.","start":278.479,"end":284.42,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":278.479,"end":278.52},{"text":"encourage","start":278.52,"end":278.84},{"text":"us","start":278.84,"end":279.1},{"text":"to","start":279.1,"end":279.2},{"text":"think","start":279.2,"end":279.42},{"text":"creatively,","start":279.42,"end":280.07},{"text":"collaboratively,","start":280.5,"end":281.86},{"text":"and","start":281.86,"end":282.1},{"text":"pragmatically.","start":282.1,"end":284.42}]},{"text":"Distinguished delegates, at the conclusion of both today's and tomorrow's meeting, I intend to introduce to you the main elements from the discussion that will be included in the Chair's 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will aim to be as close to the final text as possible.","start":295.46,"end":299.06,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":295.46,"end":296.01},{"text":"will","start":296.01,"end":296.21},{"text":"aim","start":296.21,"end":296.43},{"text":"to","start":296.43,"end":296.63},{"text":"be","start":296.63,"end":296.75},{"text":"as","start":296.75,"end":296.91},{"text":"close","start":296.91,"end":297.17},{"text":"to","start":297.17,"end":297.39},{"text":"the","start":297.39,"end":297.47},{"text":"final","start":297.47,"end":297.75},{"text":"text","start":297.75,"end":298.15},{"text":"as","start":298.15,"end":298.51},{"text":"possible.","start":298.51,"end":299.06}]},{"text":"Tomorrow afternoon, I will present the entire Chair's Summary to BMS 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expert briefings, there will be opportunities for interventions.","start":343.764,"end":346.959,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Following","start":343.764,"end":344.069},{"text":"expert","start":344.166,"end":344.471},{"text":"briefings,","start":344.487,"end":344.952},{"text":"there","start":345.065,"end":345.113},{"text":"will","start":345.113,"end":345.177},{"text":"be","start":345.29,"end":345.354},{"text":"opportunities","start":345.386,"end":346.156},{"text":"for","start":346.189,"end":346.349},{"text":"interventions.","start":346.349,"end":346.959}]},{"text":"I urge delegations to be concise and 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note that the meeting is being webcast on UN Web TV for those following from outside New 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this meeting, I refer to the information note circulated before the 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meeting, I welcome delegations to serve in a facilitator role during the OETG as Friends of the 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am already engaging interested delegations and I thank them for their interest in the role and supporting me in leading a successful OETAG 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note the importance of the expert group being able to continue its work during the intersessional 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chairs, and provide their views thereon during our discussions tomorrow.","start":441.127,"end":450.328,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":441.127,"end":441.159},{"text":"propose","start":441.208,"end":441.657},{"text":"that","start":441.673,"end":441.77},{"text":"the","start":441.77,"end":441.914},{"text":"group","start":441.914,"end":442.155},{"text":"consider","start":442.155,"end":442.396},{"text":"the","start":442.412,"end":442.492},{"text":"role","start":442.492,"end":443.118},{"text":"of","start":443.134,"end":443.215},{"text":"supporters,","start":443.215,"end":443.825},{"text":"champions,","start":444.563,"end":445.222},{"text":"or","start":445.784,"end":445.864},{"text":"friends","start":445.864,"end":446.153},{"text":"of","start":446.185,"end":446.314},{"text":"chairs,","start":446.33,"end":446.715},{"text":"and","start":447.454,"end":447.55},{"text":"provide","start":447.55,"end":447.951},{"text":"their","start":447.951,"end":448.048},{"text":"views","start":448.048,"end":448.401},{"text":"thereon","start":448.513,"end":448.995},{"text":"during","start":448.995,"end":449.204},{"text":"our","start":449.3,"end":449.397},{"text":"discussions","start":449.397,"end":450.007},{"text":"tomorrow.","start":450.039,"end":450.328}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank 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am confident that working together, we can lay a strong foundation over these two days for the important work that lies 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heard from me for too long, I now have the pleasure to request the Director of the UN Office for Disarmament Affairs, Adediji Ibo, to deliver opening 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Mr. Chair, Ambassador Michael Imran Khanu, Excellencies, distinguished delegates, experts, ladies and gentlemen, it is my pleasure to welcome you all to the inaugural meeting of the Open-Ended Technical Expert Group, or OETEG, as it begins its 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want to begin by thanking Ambassador Kanu for taking on the role as Chair and for his excellent leadership in bringing us this 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would also like to thank all the delegates, all the experts, and all the briefers who will contribute to the discussion over the coming days.","start":564.13,"end":574.931,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":564.13,"end":564.147},{"text":"would","start":564.147,"end":564.275},{"text":"also","start":564.451,"end":564.771},{"text":"like","start":564.771,"end":564.964},{"text":"to","start":564.964,"end":565.044},{"text":"thank","start":565.044,"end":565.493},{"text":"all","start":565.813,"end":566.069},{"text":"the","start":566.069,"end":566.182},{"text":"delegates,","start":566.214,"end":566.823},{"text":"all","start":567.576,"end":567.64},{"text":"the","start":567.816,"end":567.976},{"text":"experts,","start":568.056,"end":568.745},{"text":"and","start":569.274,"end":569.338},{"text":"all","start":569.499,"end":569.611},{"text":"the","start":569.659,"end":569.819},{"text":"briefers","start":569.819,"end":570.204},{"text":"who","start":571.261,"end":571.341},{"text":"will","start":571.341,"end":571.502},{"text":"contribute","start":571.518,"end":572.158},{"text":"to","start":572.158,"end":572.255},{"text":"the","start":572.303,"end":572.399},{"text":"discussion","start":572.399,"end":573.008},{"text":"over","start":573.985,"end":574.161},{"text":"the","start":574.161,"end":574.242},{"text":"coming","start":574.242,"end":574.61},{"text":"days.","start":574.626,"end":574.931}]},{"text":"The OETEG mandate originates from the Fourth Review Conference of the POA in 2024, following discussions dating back to 2018 at the Third Review 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the POA has addressed technology's impact on small arms control for nearly two decades.","start":593.54,"end":601.33,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"However,","start":593.54,"end":595.26},{"text":"the","start":595.26,"end":595.38},{"text":"POA","start":595.38,"end":595.88},{"text":"has","start":595.88,"end":596.159},{"text":"addressed","start":596.159,"end":596.68},{"text":"technology's","start":596.68,"end":597.62},{"text":"impact","start":597.62,"end":597.76},{"text":"on","start":597.76,"end":598.04},{"text":"small","start":598.04,"end":598.32},{"text":"arms","start":598.32,"end":598.7},{"text":"control","start":598.7,"end":599.26},{"text":"for","start":599.26,"end":599.68},{"text":"nearly","start":599.68,"end":600.04},{"text":"two","start":600.04,"end":600.38},{"text":"decades.","start":600.38,"end":601.33}]},{"text":"In 2011, the first meeting of government experts examined challenges from modular and polymer 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Speakers stressed that these weapons are becoming easier to make, harder to regulate, and increasingly relevant to the implementation of the POA and the ITI."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":627.19,"end":627.77},{"text":"second","start":627.77,"end":628.67},{"text":"meeting","start":628.67,"end":629.99},{"text":"of","start":629.99,"end":630.45},{"text":"governmental","start":630.45,"end":630.91},{"text":"experts","start":630.91,"end":631.57},{"text":"in","start":631.57,"end":631.93},{"text":"2015","start":631.93,"end":632.77},{"text":"Further","start":633.96,"end":634.24},{"text":"discussed","start":634.24,"end":635.02},{"text":"polymer,","start":635.02,"end":636.56},{"text":"modular,","start":636.56,"end":637.14},{"text":"and","start":637.14,"end":637.34},{"text":"3D","start":637.34,"end":637.619},{"text":"weapons.","start":637.619,"end":638.319}]},{"text":"The Chair's summary noted that 3D printers had been shown to be capable of producing working firearms, although the cost of 3D printers made them out of reach for ordinary individuals.","start":640.34,"end":658.32,"topics":[{"key":"three-d-printing","label":"3D-Printed Firearms","description":"Delegations discussed the rapid spread of additively manufactured firearms and parts, including hybrid weapons and conversion devices. Speakers stressed that these weapons are becoming easier to make, harder to regulate, and increasingly relevant to the implementation of the POA and the ITI."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":640.34,"end":640.659},{"text":"Chair's","start":640.659,"end":641.04},{"text":"summary","start":641.04,"end":641.4},{"text":"noted","start":641.4,"end":642.24},{"text":"that","start":642.24,"end":643.4},{"text":"3D","start":643.4,"end":643.86},{"text":"printers","start":643.86,"end":644.46},{"text":"had","start":644.46,"end":645.36},{"text":"been","start":645.36,"end":645.7},{"text":"shown","start":645.7,"end":646.519},{"text":"to","start":646.519,"end":646.78},{"text":"be","start":646.78,"end":646.96},{"text":"capable","start":646.96,"end":647.54},{"text":"of","start":647.54,"end":648},{"text":"producing","start":648,"end":648.759},{"text":"working","start":648.759,"end":649.72},{"text":"firearms,","start":649.72,"end":650.76},{"text":"although","start":650.76,"end":651.84},{"text":"the","start":651.84,"end":652.78},{"text":"cost","start":652.78,"end":653.06},{"text":"of","start":653.06,"end":653.28},{"text":"3D","start":653.28,"end":653.74},{"text":"printers","start":653.74,"end":654.28},{"text":"made","start":654.28,"end":655.08},{"text":"them","start":655.08,"end":655.36},{"text":"out","start":655.36,"end":655.78},{"text":"of","start":655.78,"end":656.02},{"text":"reach","start":656.02,"end":656.6},{"text":"for","start":656.6,"end":657},{"text":"ordinary","start":657,"end":657.68},{"text":"individuals.","start":657.68,"end":658.32}]},{"text":"Back then, the first fully 3D-printed pistol had been produced, and the company SIG Sauer released its P320, marking a significant shift in modular firearms.","start":660.02,"end":680.36,"topics":[{"key":"three-d-printing","label":"3D-Printed Firearms","description":"Delegations discussed the rapid spread of additively manufactured firearms and parts, including hybrid weapons and conversion devices. 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then.","start":769.698,"end":772.799,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":769.698,"end":769.939},{"text":"will","start":769.939,"end":770.099},{"text":"require","start":770.099,"end":770.678},{"text":"intersectoral","start":770.678,"end":771.449},{"text":"work","start":771.449,"end":771.786},{"text":"between","start":771.786,"end":772.156},{"text":"now","start":772.188,"end":772.284},{"text":"and","start":772.429,"end":772.574},{"text":"then.","start":772.574,"end":772.799}]},{"text":"UNODA is ready to support that work.","start":774.598,"end":777.491,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"UNODA","start":774.598,"end":775.08},{"text":"is","start":775.145,"end":775.691},{"text":"ready","start":775.787,"end":776.093},{"text":"to","start":776.366,"end":776.446},{"text":"support","start":776.446,"end":776.992},{"text":"that","start":776.992,"end":777.25},{"text":"work.","start":777.25,"end":777.491}]},{"text":"Second, technological development, as with all development, is not evenly 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inputs or statements should be submitted to eastatement@un.org with a copy to conventionalarms-unoda@un.org.","start":1021.03,"end":1028.63,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Written","start":1021.03,"end":1021.13},{"text":"inputs","start":1021.13,"end":1021.61},{"text":"or","start":1021.61,"end":1021.81},{"text":"statements","start":1021.81,"end":1022.17},{"text":"should","start":1022.17,"end":1022.41},{"text":"be","start":1022.41,"end":1022.53},{"text":"submitted","start":1022.53,"end":1023.03},{"text":"to","start":1023.03,"end":1023.49},{"text":"eastatement@un.org","start":1023.83,"end":1025.53},{"text":"with","start":1025.53,"end":1026.21},{"text":"a","start":1026.21,"end":1026.39},{"text":"copy","start":1026.39,"end":1026.57},{"text":"to","start":1026.57,"end":1026.93},{"text":"conventionalarms-unoda@un.org.","start":1026.93,"end":1028.63}]},{"text":"Thank you.","start":1030.43,"end":1030.43,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":1030.43,"end":1030.43},{"text":"you.","start":1030.43,"end":1030.43}]},{"text":"I thank member states, international and regional organizations, non-governmental organizations for the working papers and other submissions that have been received thus 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shall now move on to our briefers.","start":1042.769,"end":1044.379,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":1042.769,"end":1042.929},{"text":"shall","start":1042.929,"end":1043.068},{"text":"now","start":1043.068,"end":1043.289},{"text":"move","start":1043.289,"end":1043.389},{"text":"on","start":1043.389,"end":1043.609},{"text":"to","start":1043.609,"end":1043.749},{"text":"our","start":1043.749,"end":1043.929},{"text":"briefers.","start":1043.929,"end":1044.379}]},{"text":"The bios have been made available on Milton Place.","start":1045.209,"end":1048.969,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1045.209,"end":1045.488},{"text":"bios","start":1045.488,"end":1045.689},{"text":"have","start":1045.689,"end":1046.129},{"text":"been","start":1046.129,"end":1046.349},{"text":"made","start":1046.349,"end":1046.509},{"text":"available","start":1046.509,"end":1047.169},{"text":"on","start":1047.169,"end":1047.709},{"text":"Milton","start":1047.709,"end":1048.069},{"text":"Place.","start":1048.069,"end":1048.969}]},{"text":"In the interest of time, I shall not go through the bios, and it gives me great pleasure to give the floor to Dr. Rachel Bolton Keane, Associate Professor of Forensic Science at Nottingham Trent 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have the floor, please.","start":1065.519,"end":1066.128,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"You","start":1065.519,"end":1065.567},{"text":"have","start":1065.567,"end":1065.679},{"text":"the","start":1065.679,"end":1065.76},{"text":"floor,","start":1065.76,"end":1065.904},{"text":"please.","start":1065.92,"end":1066.128}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Michael Imran Kanu","affiliation":"SLE","affiliation_full":"Sierra Leone","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":4,"paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you.","start":1067.587,"end":1068.004,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":1067.587,"end":1067.828},{"text":"you.","start":1067.828,"end":1068.004}]},{"text":"Good morning, everybody, and thank you for inviting me and providing me the opportunity to start this important discussion with you 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focus of my briefing is on the challenges and the potential interventions for consideration with respect to the Programme of Action, the International Tracing Instrument, and potentially their connectivity to the United Nations Sustainable Development 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in recent years, there's been the growth in the use of manufacturers to produce and use polymer, predominantly plastic parts, in their weapons.","start":1092.809,"end":1103.29,"topics":[{"key":"firearm-marking","label":"Marking, Serialization, and Tracing","description":"A central topic was how to maintain durable, unique, and recoverable markings on polymer, modular, and privately manufactured firearms. 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The discussion emphasized updating criminal offenses, import controls, licensing rules, and legal definitions to reflect technological change."}],"words":[{"text":"Further,","start":1115.91,"end":1116.295},{"text":"in","start":1116.793,"end":1116.841},{"text":"the","start":1116.889,"end":1116.969},{"text":"use","start":1116.969,"end":1117.226},{"text":"of","start":1117.226,"end":1117.339},{"text":"what","start":1117.515,"end":1117.612},{"text":"we","start":1117.612,"end":1117.692},{"text":"call","start":1117.756,"end":1117.981},{"text":"additive","start":1118.013,"end":1118.463},{"text":"manufacturing,","start":1118.479,"end":1119.185},{"text":"also","start":1119.539,"end":1119.78},{"text":"referred","start":1119.844,"end":1120.245},{"text":"to","start":1120.245,"end":1120.39},{"text":"as","start":1120.406,"end":1120.47},{"text":"3D","start":1120.583,"end":1120.904},{"text":"printing,","start":1120.984,"end":1121.434},{"text":"to","start":1122.269,"end":1122.413},{"text":"both","start":1122.831,"end":1123.136},{"text":"legally","start":1123.136,"end":1123.521},{"text":"and","start":1123.698,"end":1123.939},{"text":"illegally","start":1123.939,"end":1124.404},{"text":"manufacture","start":1124.581,"end":1125.239},{"text":"firearms","start":1125.239,"end":1125.769},{"text":"and","start":1125.882,"end":1125.962},{"text":"ammunition.","start":1125.962,"end":1126.476}]},{"text":"All these innovations and new applications of technology are leading to a rise in violent and organized crime and increased challenges for law enforcement and our ability to create a safe and secure secure society, both domestically and internationally.","start":1127.552,"end":1144.42,"topics":[{"key":"criminal-terrorist-use","label":"Criminal, Terrorist, and Youth Use","description":"Speakers raised concern about the growing use of these weapons by organized crime, terrorists, and vulnerable youth. 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Some speakers also stressed that conventionally manufactured weapons diverted into illicit markets remain a major source of armed violence and must stay central to the discussion."}],"words":[{"text":"All","start":1127.552,"end":1127.616},{"text":"these","start":1127.632,"end":1127.857},{"text":"innovations","start":1127.889,"end":1128.66},{"text":"and","start":1128.917,"end":1129.061},{"text":"new","start":1129.174,"end":1129.35},{"text":"applications","start":1129.559,"end":1130.266},{"text":"of","start":1130.314,"end":1130.442},{"text":"technology","start":1130.442,"end":1130.988},{"text":"are","start":1131.566,"end":1131.663},{"text":"leading","start":1131.663,"end":1131.92},{"text":"to","start":1131.984,"end":1132.193},{"text":"a","start":1132.369,"end":1132.401},{"text":"rise","start":1132.466,"end":1132.755},{"text":"in","start":1132.787,"end":1132.915},{"text":"violent","start":1132.947,"end":1133.365},{"text":"and","start":1133.365,"end":1133.493},{"text":"organized","start":1133.493,"end":1133.895},{"text":"crime","start":1133.911,"end":1134.28},{"text":"and","start":1134.473,"end":1134.537},{"text":"increased","start":1134.634,"end":1135.18},{"text":"challenges","start":1135.18,"end":1135.726},{"text":"for","start":1135.902,"end":1135.982},{"text":"law","start":1135.982,"end":1136.079},{"text":"enforcement","start":1136.175,"end":1136.962},{"text":"and","start":1137.363,"end":1137.428},{"text":"our","start":1137.508,"end":1137.556},{"text":"ability","start":1137.604,"end":1138.15},{"text":"to","start":1138.15,"end":1138.247},{"text":"create","start":1138.247,"end":1138.712},{"text":"a","start":1138.712,"end":1138.728},{"text":"safe","start":1138.728,"end":1139.21},{"text":"and","start":1139.21,"end":1139.29},{"text":"secure","start":1139.307,"end":1141.458},{"text":"secure","start":1139.68,"end":1139.88},{"text":"society,","start":1139.88,"end":1141.02},{"text":"both","start":1141.02,"end":1141.12},{"text":"domestically","start":1141.12,"end":1142.12},{"text":"and","start":1142.12,"end":1142.58},{"text":"internationally.","start":1142.58,"end":1144.42}]},{"text":"The gaps that currently exist in our policies are also creating challenges for us in tackling small arms and light weapons manufacture, trafficking, and our ability to effectively combat this.","start":1144.42,"end":1156.75,"topics":[{"key":"illicit-trafficking","label":"Illicit Trafficking and Diversion","description":"Delegations linked emerging firearm technologies to broader trafficking and diversion challenges, including cross-border movement, illegal assembly, and unauthorized users. Some speakers also stressed that conventionally manufactured weapons diverted into illicit markets remain a major source of armed violence and must stay central to the discussion."},{"key":"national-legislation","label":"National Regulatory Frameworks","description":"Many delegations described efforts to modernize domestic laws so they cover 3D printing, ghost guns, modular systems, and sensitive firearm parts. 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follows.","start":1164.14,"end":1166.42,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Broadly,","start":1164.14,"end":1164.84},{"text":"we","start":1164.84,"end":1164.92},{"text":"define","start":1164.92,"end":1165.3},{"text":"these","start":1165.3,"end":1165.7},{"text":"as","start":1165.7,"end":1165.9},{"text":"follows.","start":1165.9,"end":1166.42}]},{"text":"So on the left you can see a polymer weapon.","start":1167.592,"end":1171.076,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":1167.592,"end":1167.769},{"text":"on","start":1167.961,"end":1168.058},{"text":"the","start":1168.058,"end":1168.202},{"text":"left","start":1168.202,"end":1168.491},{"text":"you","start":1168.539,"end":1168.668},{"text":"can","start":1168.684,"end":1168.828},{"text":"see","start":1168.876,"end":1169.262},{"text":"a","start":1169.647,"end":1169.695},{"text":"polymer","start":1170.225,"end":1170.659},{"text":"weapon.","start":1170.787,"end":1171.076}]},{"text":"The frame in this case of a Glock pistol is what is made of the 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this part is the frame or the receiver, which is shown in the pink box.","start":1186.346,"end":1191.259,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Typically","start":1186.346,"end":1186.764},{"text":"this","start":1187.55,"end":1187.615},{"text":"part","start":1187.807,"end":1188.225},{"text":"is","start":1188.273,"end":1188.337},{"text":"the","start":1188.369,"end":1188.449},{"text":"frame","start":1188.514,"end":1188.931},{"text":"or","start":1188.931,"end":1189.011},{"text":"the","start":1189.011,"end":1189.092},{"text":"receiver,","start":1189.092,"end":1189.654},{"text":"which","start":1189.814,"end":1189.943},{"text":"is","start":1190.055,"end":1190.119},{"text":"shown","start":1190.119,"end":1190.344},{"text":"in","start":1190.392,"end":1190.457},{"text":"the","start":1190.521,"end":1190.601},{"text":"pink","start":1190.601,"end":1190.778},{"text":"box.","start":1190.858,"end":1191.259}]},{"text":"In this particular example, these polymer parts have a metal tag that's inserted into the frame with the serial number, as you can see beneath it.","start":1193.23,"end":1202.579,"topics":[{"key":"firearm-marking","label":"Marking, Serialization, and Tracing","description":"A central topic was how to maintain durable, unique, and recoverable markings on polymer, modular, and privately manufactured firearms. 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middle image shows a modular weapon.","start":1222.839,"end":1224.719,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1222.839,"end":1222.919},{"text":"middle","start":1222.919,"end":1223.16},{"text":"image","start":1223.16,"end":1223.419},{"text":"shows","start":1223.419,"end":1223.78},{"text":"a","start":1223.78,"end":1223.9},{"text":"modular","start":1223.9,"end":1224.24},{"text":"weapon.","start":1224.24,"end":1224.719}]},{"text":"So this is a firearm that's deliberately designed by the manufacturer to be altered or adapted to the desire and need of the shooter by changing specific parts or 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example, one of the most common is to switch the barrel so you can shoot different types of 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some of the interventions and challenges I've posed this morning will also be raised in more depth in the subsequent briefings this morning, as well as the briefings this afternoon, and will further add to our discussions over the next 2 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thank you all for your time and your consideration, and I look forward to hearing your perspectives after the remaining briefings this 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now turn to Mr. Ruben Das, who is an Associate Research Fellow at the S. 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Discussion covered criminalizing certain files, limiting online distribution, and exploring software or platform-based controls without unduly affecting legitimate uses."}],"words":[{"text":"They","start":2223.79,"end":2223.87},{"text":"function","start":2223.87,"end":2224.17},{"text":"as","start":2224.17,"end":2224.51},{"text":"peer-to-peer","start":2224.51,"end":2225.029},{"text":"networks","start":2225.029,"end":2225.55},{"text":"where","start":2225.55,"end":2225.93},{"text":"designers","start":2225.93,"end":2226.57},{"text":"are","start":2226.57,"end":2226.77},{"text":"able","start":2226.77,"end":2227.03},{"text":"to","start":2227.03,"end":2227.369},{"text":"share","start":2227.369,"end":2227.75},{"text":"new","start":2227.75,"end":2228.41},{"text":"designs,","start":2228.41,"end":2229.33},{"text":"interact","start":2229.33,"end":2229.59},{"text":"with","start":2229.59,"end":2229.89},{"text":"each","start":2229.89,"end":2230.15},{"text":"other,","start":2230.15,"end":2230.9},{"text":"and","start":2231.17,"end":2231.23},{"text":"also","start":2231.23,"end":2231.57},{"text":"provide","start":2231.57,"end":2232.19},{"text":"information","start":2232.19,"end":2232.85},{"text":"and","start":2232.85,"end":2233.049},{"text":"technical","start":2233.049,"end":2233.43},{"text":"support","start":2233.43,"end":2234.129},{"text":"to","start":2234.129,"end":2234.97},{"text":"each","start":2234.97,"end":2235.31},{"text":"other.","start":2235.31,"end":2235.97}]},{"text":"And these online communities and online platforms really are the lifeblood of the 3D printed firearm movement.","start":2235.97,"end":2241.91,"topics":[{"key":"digital-blueprints","label":"Digital Blueprints and Online Dissemination","description":"Several speakers highlighted the role of digital design files, manuals, and online communities in enabling illicit firearm production. 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The discussion framed emerging technologies not only as a technical problem, but as a security threat connected to extortion, assassination, narcotics networks, and extremist violence."}],"words":[{"text":"These","start":2312.704,"end":2312.848},{"text":"weapons","start":2312.881,"end":2313.25},{"text":"have","start":2313.282,"end":2313.443},{"text":"also","start":2313.507,"end":2313.908},{"text":"been","start":2314.39,"end":2314.502},{"text":"used","start":2314.567,"end":2314.952},{"text":"as","start":2314.952,"end":2315.096},{"text":"protection","start":2315.434,"end":2316.14},{"text":"weapons","start":2316.172,"end":2316.509},{"text":"and","start":2316.975,"end":2317.039},{"text":"also","start":2317.055,"end":2317.376},{"text":"offensive","start":2317.376,"end":2317.826},{"text":"weapons","start":2317.858,"end":2318.195},{"text":"in","start":2318.822,"end":2318.998},{"text":"several","start":2319.223,"end":2319.544},{"text":"shootings,","start":2319.544,"end":2320.074},{"text":"in","start":2320.989,"end":2321.037},{"text":"attempted","start":2321.294,"end":2321.68},{"text":"assassinations,","start":2321.712,"end":2322.563},{"text":"and","start":2322.595,"end":2322.659},{"text":"also","start":2322.739,"end":2323.06},{"text":"extortion.","start":2323.221,"end":2323.687}]},{"text":"Next slide, please.","start":2325.419,"end":2326.012,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next","start":2325.419,"end":2325.596},{"text":"slide,","start":2325.596,"end":2325.772},{"text":"please.","start":2325.804,"end":2326.012}]},{"text":"While most of the cases have been linked to criminal activity, there have been at least 52 cases of terrorist engagement with these weapons.","start":2329.571,"end":2339.398,"topics":[{"key":"criminal-terrorist-use","label":"Criminal, Terrorist, and Youth Use","description":"Speakers raised concern about the growing use of these weapons by organized crime, terrorists, and vulnerable youth. The discussion framed emerging technologies not only as a technical problem, but as a security threat connected to extortion, assassination, narcotics networks, and extremist violence."}],"words":[{"text":"While","start":2329.571,"end":2329.972},{"text":"most","start":2330.228,"end":2330.629},{"text":"of","start":2330.629,"end":2330.757},{"text":"the","start":2330.757,"end":2330.837},{"text":"cases","start":2330.837,"end":2331.174},{"text":"have","start":2331.174,"end":2331.302},{"text":"been","start":2331.334,"end":2331.463},{"text":"linked","start":2331.575,"end":2331.879},{"text":"to","start":2332.12,"end":2332.232},{"text":"criminal","start":2332.937,"end":2333.29},{"text":"activity,","start":2333.338,"end":2333.819},{"text":"there","start":2333.883,"end":2334.011},{"text":"have","start":2334.011,"end":2334.059},{"text":"been","start":2334.059,"end":2334.172},{"text":"at","start":2334.22,"end":2334.348},{"text":"least","start":2334.38,"end":2334.877},{"text":"52","start":2335.101,"end":2335.438},{"text":"cases","start":2335.566,"end":2335.967},{"text":"of","start":2335.967,"end":2336.015},{"text":"terrorist","start":2336.288,"end":2337.105},{"text":"engagement","start":2337.105,"end":2337.714},{"text":"with","start":2338.612,"end":2338.852},{"text":"these","start":2338.852,"end":2338.965},{"text":"weapons.","start":2339.029,"end":2339.398}]},{"text":"Most of the cases have been linked to the far right, but individuals associated with other ideologies have also— exist and have also been arrested for their attempted use and manufacture of these weapons.","start":2339.991,"end":2355.709,"topics":[{"key":"criminal-terrorist-use","label":"Criminal, Terrorist, and Youth Use","description":"Speakers raised concern about the growing use of these weapons by organized crime, terrorists, and vulnerable youth. The discussion framed emerging technologies not only as a technical problem, but as a security threat connected to extortion, assassination, narcotics networks, and extremist violence."}],"words":[{"text":"Most","start":2339.991,"end":2340.311},{"text":"of","start":2340.311,"end":2340.391},{"text":"the","start":2340.391,"end":2340.552},{"text":"cases","start":2340.552,"end":2340.92},{"text":"have","start":2341.017,"end":2341.129},{"text":"been","start":2341.193,"end":2341.433},{"text":"linked","start":2341.433,"end":2341.802},{"text":"to","start":2342.059,"end":2342.187},{"text":"the","start":2342.876,"end":2342.956},{"text":"far","start":2342.956,"end":2343.277},{"text":"right,","start":2343.277,"end":2343.485},{"text":"but","start":2344.158,"end":2344.399},{"text":"individuals","start":2344.463,"end":2344.928},{"text":"associated","start":2345.024,"end":2345.601},{"text":"with","start":2345.601,"end":2345.794},{"text":"other","start":2345.906,"end":2346.162},{"text":"ideologies","start":2346.403,"end":2347.172},{"text":"have","start":2347.685,"end":2347.861},{"text":"also—","start":2347.99,"end":2348.743},{"text":"exist","start":2349.208,"end":2349.689},{"text":"and","start":2349.753,"end":2349.913},{"text":"have","start":2349.913,"end":2350.09},{"text":"also","start":2350.09,"end":2350.346},{"text":"been","start":2350.41,"end":2350.699},{"text":"arrested","start":2351.2,"end":2351.7},{"text":"for","start":2351.7,"end":2351.98},{"text":"their","start":2351.98,"end":2352.16},{"text":"attempted","start":2352.16,"end":2352.62},{"text":"use","start":2352.62,"end":2353.42},{"text":"and","start":2353.42,"end":2353.74},{"text":"manufacture","start":2353.74,"end":2354.22},{"text":"of","start":2354.22,"end":2354.42},{"text":"these","start":2354.42,"end":2354.56},{"text":"weapons.","start":2354.56,"end":2355.709}]},{"text":"Next slide, please.","start":2357.52,"end":2358.73,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next","start":2357.52,"end":2357.539},{"text":"slide,","start":2357.539,"end":2357.879},{"text":"please.","start":2357.879,"end":2358.73}]},{"text":"Another important issue that I'd like to highlight is also the involvement of youth with these weapons.","start":2360.979,"end":2369.28,"topics":[{"key":"criminal-terrorist-use","label":"Criminal, Terrorist, and Youth Use","description":"Speakers raised concern about the growing use of these weapons by organized crime, terrorists, and vulnerable youth. The discussion framed emerging technologies not only as a technical problem, but as a security threat connected to extortion, assassination, narcotics networks, and extremist violence."}],"words":[{"text":"Another","start":2360.979,"end":2361.78},{"text":"important","start":2361.78,"end":2362.6},{"text":"issue","start":2362.6,"end":2364.28},{"text":"that","start":2364.28,"end":2364.479},{"text":"I'd","start":2364.479,"end":2364.899},{"text":"like","start":2364.899,"end":2365.02},{"text":"to","start":2365.02,"end":2365.18},{"text":"highlight","start":2365.18,"end":2365.52},{"text":"is","start":2365.52,"end":2366.16},{"text":"also","start":2366.16,"end":2366.54},{"text":"the","start":2366.54,"end":2366.64},{"text":"involvement","start":2366.64,"end":2367.12},{"text":"of","start":2367.12,"end":2367.38},{"text":"youth","start":2367.38,"end":2367.8},{"text":"with","start":2367.8,"end":2368.4},{"text":"these","start":2368.4,"end":2368.7},{"text":"weapons.","start":2368.7,"end":2369.28}]},{"text":"And we've seen an increase in the number of youths attempting to either manufacture, use, or traffic these weapons.","start":2369.28,"end":2378.28,"topics":[{"key":"criminal-terrorist-use","label":"Criminal, Terrorist, and Youth Use","description":"Speakers raised concern about the growing use of these weapons by organized crime, terrorists, and vulnerable youth. 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The discussion framed emerging technologies not only as a technical problem, but as a security threat connected to extortion, assassination, narcotics networks, and extremist violence."}],"words":[{"text":"And,","start":2402.29,"end":2402.49},{"text":"and","start":2402.49,"end":2402.49},{"text":"youths","start":2402.49,"end":2402.99},{"text":"are","start":2402.99,"end":2403.65},{"text":"a","start":2403.65,"end":2403.87},{"text":"highly","start":2403.87,"end":2404.11},{"text":"vulnerable","start":2404.11,"end":2404.83},{"text":"subset","start":2404.83,"end":2405.23},{"text":"of","start":2405.23,"end":2405.43},{"text":"individuals.","start":2405.43,"end":2406.18}]},{"text":"Moving to the intersection between online and gaming subcultures with the 3D-printed firearm community.","start":2406.22,"end":2414.01,"topics":[{"key":"digital-blueprints","label":"Digital Blueprints and Online Dissemination","description":"Several speakers highlighted the role of digital design files, manuals, and online communities in enabling illicit firearm production. 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Speakers stressed that these weapons are becoming easier to make, harder to regulate, and increasingly relevant to the implementation of the POA and the ITI."},{"key":"criminal-terrorist-use","label":"Criminal, Terrorist, and Youth Use","description":"Speakers raised concern about the growing use of these weapons by organized crime, terrorists, and vulnerable youth. 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you very much.","start":2579.86,"end":2580.72,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":2579.86,"end":2579.959},{"text":"you","start":2579.959,"end":2580.02},{"text":"very","start":2580.02,"end":2580.3},{"text":"much.","start":2580.3,"end":2580.72}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Ruben Das","affiliation":null,"affiliation_full":null,"group":null,"function":"Associate Research Fellow"}},{"statement_number":7,"paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Many thanks to Mr. Das for really a very valuable briefing on the particular evolution of 3D-printed small arms and light 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have the floor, Ms. Allen.","start":2624.27,"end":2626.06,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"You","start":2624.27,"end":2624.27},{"text":"have","start":2624.27,"end":2624.43},{"text":"the","start":2624.43,"end":2624.69},{"text":"floor,","start":2624.69,"end":2625.15},{"text":"Ms.","start":2625.15,"end":2625.409},{"text":"Allen.","start":2625.409,"end":2626.06}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Michael Imran Kanu","affiliation":"SLE","affiliation_full":"Sierra Leone","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":8,"paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you so much.","start":2627.59,"end":2628.58,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":2627.59,"end":2627.71},{"text":"you","start":2627.71,"end":2627.889},{"text":"so","start":2627.889,"end":2628.13},{"text":"much.","start":2628.13,"end":2628.58}]},{"text":"Excellencies, distinguished delegates, ladies and gentlemen, good 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Discussion covered criminalizing certain files, limiting online distribution, and exploring software or platform-based controls without unduly affecting legitimate uses."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2856.181,"end":2856.341},{"text":"Act","start":2856.486,"end":2856.839},{"text":"also","start":2856.968,"end":2857.385},{"text":"introduces","start":2857.465,"end":2858.316},{"text":"a","start":2858.429,"end":2858.589},{"text":"broad","start":2858.589,"end":2859.039},{"text":"definition","start":2859.071,"end":2859.761},{"text":"for","start":2859.874,"end":2860.018},{"text":"the","start":2860.018,"end":2860.05},{"text":"term","start":2860.115,"end":2860.644},{"text":"digital","start":2860.741,"end":2861.303},{"text":"blueprint.","start":2861.319,"end":2862.025}]},{"text":"And this actually means any type of digital or electronic reproduction of a technical drawing of the design of an object.","start":2862.827,"end":2871.784,"topics":[{"key":"digital-blueprints","label":"Digital Blueprints and Online Dissemination","description":"Several speakers highlighted the role of digital design files, manuals, and online communities in enabling illicit firearm production. 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Discussion covered criminalizing certain files, limiting online distribution, and exploring software or platform-based controls without unduly affecting legitimate uses."}],"words":[{"text":"So","start":2878.322,"end":2878.69},{"text":"we","start":2878.69,"end":2878.786},{"text":"also","start":2878.93,"end":2879.587},{"text":"would","start":2879.732,"end":2879.876},{"text":"have","start":2879.876,"end":2880.116},{"text":"criminalized","start":2880.373,"end":2881.254},{"text":"the","start":2881.254,"end":2881.35},{"text":"possession","start":2881.35,"end":2882.119},{"text":"of","start":2882.215,"end":2882.44},{"text":"digital","start":2883.273,"end":2884.154},{"text":"blueprints","start":2884.154,"end":2884.971},{"text":"of","start":2885.516,"end":2885.66},{"text":"what","start":2885.837,"end":2886.013},{"text":"we","start":2886.077,"end":2886.253},{"text":"have","start":2886.702,"end":2886.846},{"text":"defined","start":2886.894,"end":2887.343},{"text":"as","start":2887.343,"end":2887.487},{"text":"a","start":2887.599,"end":2887.744},{"text":"prohibited","start":2887.744,"end":2888.384},{"text":"weapon.","start":2888.384,"end":2888.849}]},{"text":"As well as the digital blueprint of any device with the intent to manufacture a 3D-printed firearm that is a prohibited weapon.","start":2889.19,"end":2898.46,"topics":[{"key":"digital-blueprints","label":"Digital Blueprints and Online Dissemination","description":"Several speakers highlighted the role of digital design files, manuals, and online communities in enabling illicit firearm production. 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Discussion covered criminalizing certain files, limiting online distribution, and exploring software or platform-based controls without unduly affecting legitimate uses."},{"key":"illicit-trafficking","label":"Illicit Trafficking and Diversion","description":"Delegations linked emerging firearm technologies to broader trafficking and diversion challenges, including cross-border movement, illegal assembly, and unauthorized users. Some speakers also stressed that conventionally manufactured weapons diverted into illicit markets remain a major source of armed violence and must stay central to the discussion."}],"words":[{"text":"So","start":2914.15,"end":2914.55},{"text":"we","start":2914.55,"end":2914.67},{"text":"saw","start":2914.67,"end":2915.01},{"text":"the","start":2915.01,"end":2915.23},{"text":"need","start":2915.23,"end":2915.45},{"text":"to","start":2915.45,"end":2915.65},{"text":"ensure","start":2915.65,"end":2916.13},{"text":"that","start":2916.13,"end":2916.57},{"text":"these","start":2916.57,"end":2917.41},{"text":"critical","start":2918.646,"end":2919.405},{"text":"provisions","start":2919.535,"end":2920.245},{"text":"were","start":2920.423,"end":2920.617},{"text":"included","start":2920.746,"end":2921.376},{"text":"and","start":2921.957,"end":2922.135},{"text":"the","start":2922.135,"end":2922.167},{"text":"penalties","start":2922.377,"end":2923.233},{"text":"were","start":2923.346,"end":2923.524},{"text":"strong","start":2923.524,"end":2923.879},{"text":"enough","start":2923.928,"end":2924.315},{"text":"to","start":2925.268,"end":2925.882},{"text":"discourage","start":2926.092,"end":2926.626},{"text":"persons","start":2926.723,"end":2927.354},{"text":"from","start":2928.276,"end":2929.732},{"text":"trying","start":2930.444,"end":2930.751},{"text":"to","start":2930.865,"end":2931.059},{"text":"acquire","start":2931.576,"end":2932.143},{"text":"these","start":2932.143,"end":2932.45},{"text":"items","start":2932.628,"end":2933.308},{"text":"in","start":2934.003,"end":2934.1},{"text":"order","start":2934.1,"end":2934.521},{"text":"to","start":2934.521,"end":2934.796},{"text":"produce","start":2935.12,"end":2935.541},{"text":"weapons","start":2935.719,"end":2936.254},{"text":"illicitly.","start":2936.432,"end":2937.065}]},{"text":"And we would have recognized the need to ensure that— legislation actually reflects the current realities in terms of the advancement in these technological manufacturing practices.","start":2937.891,"end":2954.68,"topics":[{"key":"national-legislation","label":"National Regulatory Frameworks","description":"Many delegations described efforts to modernize domestic laws so they cover 3D printing, ghost guns, modular systems, and sensitive firearm parts. 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I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Saudi Arabia, please.","start":3257.62,"end":3264.38,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":3257.62,"end":3257.62},{"text":"I","start":3257.62,"end":3257.7},{"text":"give","start":3257.7,"end":3257.82},{"text":"the","start":3257.82,"end":3257.96},{"text":"floor","start":3257.96,"end":3258.34},{"text":"to","start":3258.34,"end":3259},{"text":"the","start":3259,"end":3259.18},{"text":"distinguished","start":3259.18,"end":3259.62},{"text":"representative","start":3259.62,"end":3260.46},{"text":"of","start":3260.77,"end":3260.97},{"text":"Saudi","start":3260.97,"end":3261.83},{"text":"Arabia,","start":3261.83,"end":3262.23},{"text":"please.","start":3262.23,"end":3264.38}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Michael Imran Kanu","affiliation":"SLE","affiliation_full":"Sierra Leone","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":12,"paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, 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this context, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia believes that it's important for discussions within this group to remain practical and technical, focused on research and looking for a common understanding of these issues and implementation issues, and without creating any new regulatory obligations that could go beyond the frameworks agreed on in the Programme of Action and the 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delegation believes that any approach that would deal with these emerging issues must be focused on the following.","start":3397.675,"end":3403.503,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"My","start":3397.675,"end":3397.771},{"text":"delegation","start":3397.771,"end":3398.317},{"text":"believes","start":3398.317,"end":3398.542},{"text":"that","start":3398.558,"end":3398.718},{"text":"any","start":3398.734,"end":3398.911},{"text":"approach","start":3398.911,"end":3399.248},{"text":"that","start":3399.457,"end":3399.714},{"text":"would","start":3400.645,"end":3400.773},{"text":"deal","start":3400.822,"end":3400.998},{"text":"with","start":3401.062,"end":3401.207},{"text":"these","start":3401.207,"end":3401.368},{"text":"emerging","start":3401.384,"end":3401.673},{"text":"issues","start":3401.705,"end":3401.994},{"text":"must","start":3402.251,"end":3402.427},{"text":"be","start":3402.427,"end":3402.588},{"text":"focused","start":3402.588,"end":3402.989},{"text":"on","start":3402.989,"end":3403.07},{"text":"the","start":3403.07,"end":3403.15},{"text":"following.","start":3403.15,"end":3403.503}]},{"text":"First of all, states must preserve the primary responsibility when it comes to regulating the transfer, manufacturing, and tracing of weapons on their territory, and this in line with domestic legislation.","start":3403.615,"end":3417.601,"topics":[{"key":"national-legislation","label":"National Regulatory Frameworks","description":"Many delegations described efforts to modernize domestic laws so they cover 3D printing, ghost guns, modular systems, and sensitive firearm parts. The discussion emphasized updating criminal offenses, import controls, licensing rules, and legal definitions to reflect technological change."}],"words":[{"text":"First","start":3403.615,"end":3403.888},{"text":"of","start":3403.888,"end":3404.033},{"text":"all,","start":3404.033,"end":3404.097},{"text":"states","start":3404.595,"end":3405.077},{"text":"must","start":3405.077,"end":3405.51},{"text":"preserve","start":3405.703,"end":3406.168},{"text":"the","start":3406.281,"end":3406.538},{"text":"primary","start":3408.272,"end":3408.593},{"text":"responsibility","start":3408.593,"end":3409.251},{"text":"when","start":3409.251,"end":3409.396},{"text":"it","start":3409.396,"end":3409.476},{"text":"comes","start":3409.476,"end":3409.685},{"text":"to","start":3409.685,"end":3409.829},{"text":"regulating","start":3409.894,"end":3410.391},{"text":"the","start":3410.391,"end":3410.504},{"text":"transfer,","start":3410.52,"end":3411.178},{"text":"manufacturing,","start":3412.077,"end":3412.816},{"text":"and","start":3413.169,"end":3413.314},{"text":"tracing","start":3413.811,"end":3414.197},{"text":"of","start":3414.213,"end":3414.293},{"text":"weapons","start":3414.293,"end":3414.614},{"text":"on","start":3414.695,"end":3414.775},{"text":"their","start":3415.032,"end":3415.192},{"text":"territory,","start":3415.192,"end":3415.658},{"text":"and","start":3415.674,"end":3415.818},{"text":"this","start":3415.818,"end":3415.883},{"text":"in","start":3415.995,"end":3416.075},{"text":"line","start":3416.075,"end":3416.3},{"text":"with","start":3416.316,"end":3416.413},{"text":"domestic","start":3416.413,"end":3416.959},{"text":"legislation.","start":3416.959,"end":3417.601}]},{"text":"Secondly, responses to new technological evolutions must be in line with the framework of existing obligations, in particular the Programme of Action and the International Tracing Instrument.","start":3418.082,"end":3428.915,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Secondly,","start":3418.082,"end":3418.611},{"text":"responses","start":3419.268,"end":3419.765},{"text":"to","start":3419.765,"end":3419.925},{"text":"new","start":3419.925,"end":3420.085},{"text":"technological","start":3420.085,"end":3420.774},{"text":"evolutions","start":3421.688,"end":3422.216},{"text":"must","start":3422.313,"end":3422.473},{"text":"be","start":3422.473,"end":3422.569},{"text":"in","start":3422.569,"end":3422.697},{"text":"line","start":3422.713,"end":3423.082},{"text":"with","start":3423.194,"end":3423.498},{"text":"the","start":3423.835,"end":3423.931},{"text":"framework","start":3423.931,"end":3424.332},{"text":"of","start":3424.332,"end":3424.412},{"text":"existing","start":3424.412,"end":3424.812},{"text":"obligations,","start":3424.812,"end":3425.421},{"text":"in","start":3425.694,"end":3425.774},{"text":"particular","start":3425.774,"end":3426.175},{"text":"the","start":3426.175,"end":3426.255},{"text":"Programme","start":3426.255,"end":3426.559},{"text":"of","start":3426.559,"end":3426.719},{"text":"Action","start":3426.719,"end":3426.944},{"text":"and","start":3427.136,"end":3427.2},{"text":"the","start":3427.216,"end":3427.457},{"text":"International","start":3427.521,"end":3427.969},{"text":"Tracing","start":3428.001,"end":3428.386},{"text":"Instrument.","start":3428.418,"end":3428.915}]},{"text":"All responses and measures— none of them should replace these programmes or instruments.","start":3431.206,"end":3437.841,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"All","start":3431.206,"end":3431.255},{"text":"responses","start":3431.767,"end":3432.392},{"text":"and","start":3432.488,"end":3432.585},{"text":"measures—","start":3432.649,"end":3433.033},{"text":"none","start":3434.588,"end":3434.716},{"text":"of","start":3434.764,"end":3434.844},{"text":"them","start":3434.892,"end":3435.036},{"text":"should","start":3435.389,"end":3435.758},{"text":"replace","start":3436.254,"end":3436.543},{"text":"these","start":3436.591,"end":3436.799},{"text":"programmes","start":3436.831,"end":3437.296},{"text":"or","start":3437.312,"end":3437.392},{"text":"instruments.","start":3437.392,"end":3437.841}]},{"text":"Thirdly, international cooperation and assistance to states remains essential in particular when it comes to capacity building, technical training, and boosting the legal capacities and information exchange, border control, etc. Fourth, the group must avoid any uniform approach that does not take account of differing national realities between countries.","start":3438.033,"end":3462.453,"topics":[{"key":"international-cooperation","label":"International Cooperation and Capacity Building","description":"States repeatedly called for stronger cross-border information sharing, technical assistance, and cooperation through UN mechanisms, Interpol, and regional processes. 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you very much, Chair.","start":3521.04,"end":3521.96,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":3521.04,"end":3521.06},{"text":"you","start":3521.06,"end":3521.18},{"text":"very","start":3521.18,"end":3521.36},{"text":"much,","start":3521.36,"end":3521.68},{"text":"Chair.","start":3521.68,"end":3521.96}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"SAU","affiliation_full":"Saudi Arabia","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":13,"paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you.","start":3521.96,"end":3521.98,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":3521.96,"end":3521.96},{"text":"you.","start":3521.96,"end":3521.98}]},{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of Saudi Arabia for the 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will now give the floor to Ghana, to be followed by South Africa and United States.","start":4062.93,"end":4067.95,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":4062.93,"end":4063.15},{"text":"will","start":4063.15,"end":4063.21},{"text":"now","start":4063.21,"end":4063.37},{"text":"give","start":4063.37,"end":4063.43},{"text":"the","start":4063.43,"end":4063.61},{"text":"floor","start":4063.61,"end":4063.99},{"text":"to","start":4063.99,"end":4064.43},{"text":"Ghana,","start":4064.43,"end":4064.98},{"text":"to","start":4065.19,"end":4065.19},{"text":"be","start":4065.19,"end":4065.33},{"text":"followed","start":4065.33,"end":4065.65},{"text":"by","start":4065.65,"end":4066.11},{"text":"South","start":4066.11,"end":4066.49},{"text":"Africa","start":4066.49,"end":4066.83},{"text":"and","start":4066.83,"end":4067.57},{"text":"United","start":4067.57,"end":4067.85},{"text":"States.","start":4067.85,"end":4067.95}]},{"text":"—Ghana, 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you very much.","start":4126.369,"end":4127.149,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":4126.369,"end":4126.369},{"text":"you","start":4126.369,"end":4126.569},{"text":"very","start":4126.569,"end":4126.829},{"text":"much.","start":4126.829,"end":4127.149}]},{"text":"So this is in the form of a question.","start":4127.149,"end":4129.509,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":4127.149,"end":4127.308},{"text":"this","start":4127.308,"end":4127.489},{"text":"is","start":4127.489,"end":4128.148},{"text":"in","start":4128.148,"end":4128.609},{"text":"the","start":4128.609,"end":4128.729},{"text":"form","start":4128.729,"end":4128.849},{"text":"of","start":4128.849,"end":4129.009},{"text":"a","start":4129.009,"end":4129.109},{"text":"question.","start":4129.109,"end":4129.509}]},{"text":"Thank 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floor to South Africa, to be followed by United States","start":4143.109,"end":4146.429,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I'll","start":4143.109,"end":4143.389},{"text":"now","start":4143.389,"end":4143.529},{"text":"give","start":4143.529,"end":4143.589},{"text":"the","start":4143.589,"end":4143.729},{"text":"floor","start":4143.729,"end":4144.069},{"text":"to","start":4144.069,"end":4144.349},{"text":"South","start":4144.349,"end":4144.569},{"text":"Africa,","start":4144.569,"end":4145.209},{"text":"to","start":4145.209,"end":4145.289},{"text":"be","start":4145.289,"end":4145.469},{"text":"followed","start":4145.469,"end":4145.749},{"text":"by","start":4145.749,"end":4145.909},{"text":"United","start":4145.909,"end":4146.169},{"text":"States","start":4146.169,"end":4146.429}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Michael Imran Kanu","affiliation":"SLE","affiliation_full":"Sierra Leone","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":20,"paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Chair.","start":4148.228,"end":4149.046,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":4148.228,"end":4148.533},{"text":"you,","start":4148.533,"end":4148.709},{"text":"Chair.","start":4148.773,"end":4149.046}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"Similar to Ghana, we also noted— oh, first of all, let me thank the panelists for their presentations, very insightful 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I indicated, similar to Ghana, we also noted in the presentation by Mr. Das that there is mention of other 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the exception of Africa and the Caribbean, especially when it comes to the number of incidents when it comes to 3D-printed weapons, as well as youth involvement in that.","start":4172.14,"end":4188.38,"topics":[{"key":"three-d-printing","label":"3D-Printed Firearms","description":"Delegations discussed the rapid spread of additively manufactured firearms and parts, including hybrid weapons and conversion devices. 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were excellent and very informative presentations.","start":4371.99,"end":4374.16,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"These","start":4371.99,"end":4372.13},{"text":"were","start":4372.13,"end":4372.39},{"text":"excellent","start":4372.39,"end":4372.77},{"text":"and","start":4372.77,"end":4372.95},{"text":"very","start":4372.95,"end":4373.19},{"text":"informative","start":4373.19,"end":4373.51},{"text":"presentations.","start":4373.51,"end":4374.16}]},{"text":"I'll also take the opportunity on behalf of Canada to reiterate our strong strong support for the OETG and the work that we'll be doing over the next few days to address emerging technologies, and of course over the next few years as 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just wanted to take a brief moment to highlight a success that Canada has had in our national context, not dissimilar to the success that our expert briefer from Jamaica highlighted in their national context earlier this 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perhaps I'll just be somewhat underlining her, her presentation.","start":4400.55,"end":4404.36,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":4400.55,"end":4400.81},{"text":"perhaps","start":4400.81,"end":4400.99},{"text":"I'll","start":4400.99,"end":4401.31},{"text":"just","start":4401.31,"end":4401.53},{"text":"be","start":4401.53,"end":4401.91},{"text":"somewhat","start":4401.91,"end":4402.23},{"text":"underlining","start":4402.23,"end":4402.77},{"text":"her,","start":4402.77,"end":4403.17},{"text":"her","start":4403.17,"end":4403.81},{"text":"presentation.","start":4403.81,"end":4404.36}]},{"text":"Um, in Canada, uh, we're taking action, uh, to curb the rise in illicit firearm manufacturing, including 3D printing.","start":4405.66,"end":4411.98,"topics":[{"key":"three-d-printing","label":"3D-Printed Firearms","description":"Delegations discussed the rapid spread of additively manufactured firearms and parts, including hybrid weapons and conversion devices. 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Canada looks forward to the further deliberations of this expert group on additional means and methods to strengthen our collective approach to combat English at 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Speakers stressed that these weapons are becoming easier to make, harder to regulate, and increasingly relevant to the implementation of the POA and the ITI."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4586.12,"end":4586.12},{"text":"believe","start":4586.12,"end":4586.419},{"text":"that","start":4586.419,"end":4586.72},{"text":"this","start":4586.72,"end":4586.88},{"text":"process","start":4586.88,"end":4587.28},{"text":"will","start":4587.28,"end":4587.54},{"text":"help","start":4587.54,"end":4587.74},{"text":"ensure","start":4587.74,"end":4588.2},{"text":"that","start":4588.2,"end":4588.4},{"text":"the","start":4588.4,"end":4588.62},{"text":"POA","start":4588.62,"end":4588.96},{"text":"and","start":4588.96,"end":4589.3},{"text":"the","start":4589.3,"end":4589.759},{"text":"ITI","start":4589.759,"end":4589.899},{"text":"remain","start":4589.899,"end":4590.359},{"text":"effective","start":4590.359,"end":4590.84},{"text":"and","start":4590.84,"end":4591.099},{"text":"responsive","start":4591.099,"end":4591.679},{"text":"in","start":4591.679,"end":4592.34},{"text":"the","start":4592.34,"end":4592.519},{"text":"face","start":4592.519,"end":4592.8},{"text":"of","start":4592.8,"end":4593.24},{"text":"rapid","start":4593.24,"end":4593.719},{"text":"developments","start":4593.719,"end":4594.24},{"text":"in","start":4594.24,"end":4594.48},{"text":"the","start":4594.48,"end":4594.56},{"text":"manufacturing","start":4594.56,"end":4595.119},{"text":"technology","start":4595.31,"end":4596.06},{"text":"and","start":4596.06,"end":4596.36},{"text":"design","start":4596.36,"end":4596.72},{"text":"of","start":4596.72,"end":4596.92},{"text":"small","start":4596.92,"end":4597.1},{"text":"arms","start":4597.1,"end":4597.44},{"text":"and","start":4597.44,"end":4597.619},{"text":"light","start":4597.619,"end":4597.82},{"text":"weapons.","start":4597.82,"end":4598.57}]},{"text":"The Republic of Korea recognized that emerging technologies present both opportunities and challenges for the implementation of the POA and the ITI.","start":4599.14,"end":4607.46,"topics":[{"key":"three-d-printing","label":"3D-Printed Firearms","description":"Delegations discussed the rapid spread of additively manufactured firearms and parts, including hybrid weapons and conversion devices. Speakers stressed that these weapons are becoming easier to make, harder to regulate, and increasingly relevant to the implementation of the POA and the ITI."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":4599.14,"end":4599.22},{"text":"Republic","start":4599.22,"end":4599.58},{"text":"of","start":4599.58,"end":4599.58},{"text":"Korea","start":4599.58,"end":4599.9},{"text":"recognized","start":4599.9,"end":4600.4},{"text":"that","start":4600.4,"end":4600.92},{"text":"emerging","start":4600.92,"end":4601.42},{"text":"technologies","start":4601.42,"end":4602},{"text":"present","start":4602,"end":4602.46},{"text":"both","start":4602.46,"end":4602.72},{"text":"opportunities","start":4602.72,"end":4603.26},{"text":"and","start":4603.26,"end":4603.7},{"text":"challenges","start":4603.7,"end":4604.18},{"text":"for","start":4604.18,"end":4604.54},{"text":"the","start":4604.54,"end":4604.68},{"text":"implementation","start":4604.68,"end":4605.12},{"text":"of","start":4605.12,"end":4605.36},{"text":"the","start":4605.36,"end":4605.48},{"text":"POA","start":4605.48,"end":4605.86},{"text":"and","start":4605.86,"end":4606.04},{"text":"the","start":4606.04,"end":4606.14},{"text":"ITI.","start":4606.14,"end":4607.46}]},{"text":"AI-enabled data systems and enhanced marking and tracking tools can strengthen diversion prevention and supply chain monitoring, while additive manufacturing and modular weapon designs complicate enforcement.","start":4607.46,"end":4620.24,"topics":[{"key":"forensic-technologies","label":"Forensic Technologies and Data Systems","description":"A recurring issue was the need for better forensic tools to recover obliterated serial numbers, compare ballistic evidence, and identify emerging threats. Speakers also discussed interoperable databases, ballistic imaging systems, AI-supported detection, and improved firearm registries."},{"key":"illicit-trafficking","label":"Illicit Trafficking and Diversion","description":"Delegations linked emerging firearm technologies to broader trafficking and diversion challenges, including cross-border movement, illegal assembly, and unauthorized users. Some speakers also stressed that conventionally manufactured weapons diverted into illicit markets remain a major source of armed violence and must stay central to the discussion."},{"key":"three-d-printing","label":"3D-Printed Firearms","description":"Delegations discussed the rapid spread of additively manufactured firearms and parts, including hybrid weapons and conversion devices. Speakers stressed that these weapons are becoming easier to make, harder to regulate, and increasingly relevant to the implementation of the POA and the ITI."}],"words":[{"text":"AI-enabled","start":4607.46,"end":4608.06},{"text":"data","start":4608.52,"end":4608.84},{"text":"systems","start":4608.84,"end":4609.3},{"text":"and","start":4609.3,"end":4609.8},{"text":"enhanced","start":4609.8,"end":4610.16},{"text":"marking","start":4610.16,"end":4610.62},{"text":"and","start":4610.62,"end":4610.78},{"text":"tracking","start":4610.78,"end":4611.16},{"text":"tools","start":4611.16,"end":4611.62},{"text":"can","start":4611.64,"end":4611.999},{"text":"strengthen","start":4611.999,"end":4612.5},{"text":"diversion","start":4612.5,"end":4613},{"text":"prevention","start":4613,"end":4613.58},{"text":"and","start":4613.58,"end":4614.02},{"text":"supply","start":4614.02,"end":4614.3},{"text":"chain","start":4614.3,"end":4614.52},{"text":"monitoring,","start":4614.52,"end":4615.46},{"text":"while","start":4615.46,"end":4615.599},{"text":"additive","start":4615.599,"end":4616.199},{"text":"manufacturing","start":4616.199,"end":4616.979},{"text":"and","start":4616.979,"end":4617.22},{"text":"modular","start":4617.22,"end":4617.58},{"text":"weapon","start":4617.58,"end":4617.859},{"text":"designs","start":4617.859,"end":4618.279},{"text":"complicate","start":4618.279,"end":4618.84},{"text":"enforcement.","start":4618.84,"end":4620.24}]},{"text":"In this context, I'd like to briefly share some national practices of the ROK in addressing both the challenges and opportunities arising from technological developments.","start":4620.36,"end":4630.54,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":4620.36,"end":4620.38},{"text":"this","start":4620.38,"end":4620.58},{"text":"context,","start":4620.58,"end":4621.08},{"text":"I'd","start":4621.96,"end":4622.28},{"text":"like","start":4622.28,"end":4622.28},{"text":"to","start":4622.28,"end":4622.419},{"text":"briefly","start":4622.419,"end":4622.66},{"text":"share","start":4622.66,"end":4623.06},{"text":"some","start":4623.06,"end":4623.32},{"text":"national","start":4623.32,"end":4623.679},{"text":"practices","start":4623.679,"end":4624.16},{"text":"of","start":4624.16,"end":4624.52},{"text":"the","start":4624.52,"end":4624.74},{"text":"ROK","start":4624.74,"end":4625.02},{"text":"in","start":4625.02,"end":4625.22},{"text":"addressing","start":4625.22,"end":4625.6},{"text":"both","start":4625.6,"end":4625.919},{"text":"the","start":4625.919,"end":4625.999},{"text":"challenges","start":4625.999,"end":4626.38},{"text":"and","start":4626.38,"end":4626.54},{"text":"opportunities","start":4626.54,"end":4627.179},{"text":"arising","start":4627.179,"end":4628.16},{"text":"from","start":4628.16,"end":4628.38},{"text":"technological","start":4628.38,"end":4628.94},{"text":"developments.","start":4628.94,"end":4630.54}]},{"text":"First, we have strengthened— similar to Jamaica and Canada, we have strengthened its legal and regulatory framework to address the dissemination of information related to the illicit manufacture of weapons, including through 3D printing technologies.","start":4630.74,"end":4645.284,"topics":[{"key":"digital-blueprints","label":"Digital Blueprints and Online Dissemination","description":"Several speakers highlighted the role of digital design files, manuals, and online communities in enabling illicit firearm production. Discussion covered criminalizing certain files, limiting online distribution, and exploring software or platform-based controls without unduly affecting legitimate uses."},{"key":"national-legislation","label":"National Regulatory Frameworks","description":"Many delegations described efforts to modernize domestic laws so they cover 3D printing, ghost guns, modular systems, and sensitive firearm parts. The discussion emphasized updating criminal offenses, import controls, licensing rules, and legal definitions to reflect technological change."},{"key":"three-d-printing","label":"3D-Printed Firearms","description":"Delegations discussed the rapid spread of additively manufactured firearms and parts, including hybrid weapons and conversion devices. Speakers stressed that these weapons are becoming easier to make, harder to regulate, and increasingly relevant to the implementation of the POA and the ITI."}],"words":[{"text":"First,","start":4630.74,"end":4631.04},{"text":"we","start":4631.04,"end":4631.04},{"text":"have","start":4631.04,"end":4631.32},{"text":"strengthened—","start":4631.32,"end":4633.44},{"text":"similar","start":4633.44,"end":4633.68},{"text":"to","start":4633.68,"end":4633.92},{"text":"Jamaica","start":4633.92,"end":4634.3},{"text":"and","start":4634.3,"end":4634.54},{"text":"Canada,","start":4634.54,"end":4635.06},{"text":"we","start":4635.06,"end":4635.14},{"text":"have","start":4635.14,"end":4635.32},{"text":"strengthened","start":4635.32,"end":4635.7},{"text":"its","start":4635.7,"end":4636},{"text":"legal","start":4636,"end":4636.46},{"text":"and","start":4636.46,"end":4636.8},{"text":"regulatory","start":4636.8,"end":4637.48},{"text":"framework","start":4637.48,"end":4637.94},{"text":"to","start":4638.06,"end":4638.14},{"text":"address","start":4638.172,"end":4638.445},{"text":"the","start":4638.493,"end":4638.734},{"text":"dissemination","start":4638.734,"end":4639.504},{"text":"of","start":4639.617,"end":4639.681},{"text":"information","start":4639.713,"end":4640.227},{"text":"related","start":4640.965,"end":4641.271},{"text":"to","start":4641.287,"end":4641.383},{"text":"the","start":4641.383,"end":4641.527},{"text":"illicit","start":4641.527,"end":4641.848},{"text":"manufacture","start":4641.848,"end":4642.282},{"text":"of","start":4642.33,"end":4642.426},{"text":"weapons,","start":4642.426,"end":4642.796},{"text":"including","start":4642.988,"end":4643.293},{"text":"through","start":4643.374,"end":4643.615},{"text":"3D","start":4643.871,"end":4644.128},{"text":"printing","start":4644.257,"end":4644.642},{"text":"technologies.","start":4644.674,"end":4645.284}]},{"text":"Under our domestic legislation, the online posting or distribution of instructions, designs, or methods for manufacturing weapons constitute a criminal offense.","start":4646.183,"end":4655.913,"topics":[{"key":"digital-blueprints","label":"Digital Blueprints and Online Dissemination","description":"Several speakers highlighted the role of digital design files, manuals, and online communities in enabling illicit firearm production. Discussion covered criminalizing certain files, limiting online distribution, and exploring software or platform-based controls without unduly affecting legitimate uses."},{"key":"national-legislation","label":"National Regulatory Frameworks","description":"Many delegations described efforts to modernize domestic laws so they cover 3D printing, ghost guns, modular systems, and sensitive firearm parts. The discussion emphasized updating criminal offenses, import controls, licensing rules, and legal definitions to reflect technological change."}],"words":[{"text":"Under","start":4646.183,"end":4646.408},{"text":"our","start":4646.424,"end":4646.553},{"text":"domestic","start":4646.665,"end":4647.082},{"text":"legislation,","start":4647.082,"end":4647.693},{"text":"the","start":4647.885,"end":4648.078},{"text":"online","start":4648.126,"end":4648.367},{"text":"posting","start":4648.383,"end":4648.816},{"text":"or","start":4649.089,"end":4649.17},{"text":"distribution","start":4649.17,"end":4649.812},{"text":"of","start":4649.812,"end":4650.021},{"text":"instructions,","start":4650.213,"end":4650.743},{"text":"designs,","start":4651.016,"end":4651.465},{"text":"or","start":4651.995,"end":4652.06},{"text":"methods","start":4652.076,"end":4652.589},{"text":"for","start":4652.605,"end":4652.734},{"text":"manufacturing","start":4652.766,"end":4653.312},{"text":"weapons","start":4653.344,"end":4653.713},{"text":"constitute","start":4654.211,"end":4654.757},{"text":"a","start":4654.853,"end":4654.949},{"text":"criminal","start":4654.949,"end":4655.415},{"text":"offense.","start":4655.431,"end":4655.913}]},{"text":"In case involving online content hosted outside our jurisdiction, we also employ measures to restrict domestic access to to such content.","start":4656.796,"end":4665.19,"topics":[{"key":"digital-blueprints","label":"Digital Blueprints and Online Dissemination","description":"Several speakers highlighted the role of digital design files, manuals, and online communities in enabling illicit firearm production. Discussion covered criminalizing certain files, limiting online distribution, and exploring software or platform-based controls without unduly affecting legitimate uses."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":4656.796,"end":4656.844},{"text":"case","start":4656.956,"end":4657.149},{"text":"involving","start":4657.358,"end":4657.968},{"text":"online","start":4658.16,"end":4658.449},{"text":"content","start":4658.482,"end":4658.931},{"text":"hosted","start":4658.963,"end":4659.429},{"text":"outside","start":4659.509,"end":4659.91},{"text":"our","start":4659.926,"end":4660.087},{"text":"jurisdiction,","start":4660.087,"end":4660.617},{"text":"we","start":4660.89,"end":4661.034},{"text":"also","start":4661.115,"end":4661.307},{"text":"employ","start":4661.436,"end":4661.725},{"text":"measures","start":4661.773,"end":4662.142},{"text":"to","start":4662.495,"end":4662.64},{"text":"restrict","start":4662.656,"end":4663.298},{"text":"domestic","start":4663.298,"end":4663.844},{"text":"access","start":4663.924,"end":4664.245},{"text":"to","start":4664.245,"end":4664.454},{"text":"to","start":4664.41,"end":4664.61},{"text":"such","start":4664.61,"end":4664.69},{"text":"content.","start":4664.69,"end":4665.19}]},{"text":"Second, we have established a community-based reporting mechanism through close cooperation with citizens.","start":4666.73,"end":4672.949,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Second,","start":4666.73,"end":4667.07},{"text":"we","start":4667.07,"end":4667.07},{"text":"have","start":4667.07,"end":4667.27},{"text":"established","start":4667.27,"end":4667.97},{"text":"a","start":4667.97,"end":4668.29},{"text":"community-based","start":4668.29,"end":4669.03},{"text":"reporting","start":4669.03,"end":4669.429},{"text":"mechanism","start":4669.429,"end":4670.009},{"text":"through","start":4670.009,"end":4670.41},{"text":"close","start":4670.41,"end":4670.789},{"text":"cooperation","start":4670.789,"end":4671.35},{"text":"with","start":4671.35,"end":4671.549},{"text":"citizens.","start":4671.549,"end":4672.949}]},{"text":"Thousands of volunteer cyber monitors support efforts to identify and report online content related to illicit weapons trafficking, weapons manufacturing, and other unlawful activities.","start":4673.189,"end":4684.21,"topics":[{"key":"digital-blueprints","label":"Digital Blueprints and Online Dissemination","description":"Several speakers highlighted the role of digital design files, manuals, and online communities in enabling illicit firearm production. 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Republic of Korea reaffirms its strong support for the work of the OETG and stands ready to contribute constructively to these 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look forward to the chair summary and the recommendations that will emerge from this process.","start":4742.22,"end":4747.72,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4742.22,"end":4742.68},{"text":"look","start":4742.68,"end":4742.9},{"text":"forward","start":4742.9,"end":4743.04},{"text":"to","start":4743.04,"end":4743.18},{"text":"the","start":4743.18,"end":4743.38},{"text":"chair","start":4743.38,"end":4743.48},{"text":"summary","start":4743.48,"end":4743.8},{"text":"and","start":4743.8,"end":4744.1},{"text":"the","start":4744.1,"end":4744.4},{"text":"recommendations","start":4744.4,"end":4745},{"text":"that","start":4745,"end":4745.3},{"text":"will","start":4745.3,"end":4745.46},{"text":"emerge","start":4745.46,"end":4745.8},{"text":"from","start":4745.8,"end":4746.06},{"text":"this","start":4746.06,"end":4746.3},{"text":"process.","start":4747.07,"end":4747.72}]},{"text":"I thank 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Australia.","start":4754.34,"end":4760.27,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":4754.34,"end":4754.34},{"text":"now","start":4754.34,"end":4754.539},{"text":"give","start":4754.539,"end":4754.68},{"text":"the","start":4754.68,"end":4754.84},{"text":"floor","start":4754.84,"end":4755.24},{"text":"to","start":4755.24,"end":4755.619},{"text":"the","start":4755.619,"end":4755.78},{"text":"distinguished","start":4755.78,"end":4756.22},{"text":"representative","start":4756.22,"end":4756.66},{"text":"of","start":4756.66,"end":4756.8},{"text":"Argentina,","start":4756.8,"end":4757.619},{"text":"to","start":4757.619,"end":4757.619},{"text":"be","start":4757.619,"end":4757.74},{"text":"followed","start":4757.74,"end":4758},{"text":"by","start":4758,"end":4758.18},{"text":"Switzerland","start":4758.18,"end":4758.699},{"text":"and","start":4758.699,"end":4759.619},{"text":"Australia.","start":4759.619,"end":4760.27}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Michael Imran Kanu","affiliation":"SLE","affiliation_full":"Sierra Leone","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":30,"paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Muchas gracias, Señor Presidente.","start":4760.84,"end":4762.18,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Muchas","start":4760.84,"end":4760.9},{"text":"gracias,","start":4760.9,"end":4761.76},{"text":"Señor","start":4761.76,"end":4761.879},{"text":"Presidente.","start":4761.879,"end":4762.18}]},{"text":"Thank you very much, Chair.","start":4762.3,"end":4764.19,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":4762.3,"end":4762.66},{"text":"you","start":4762.66,"end":4762.74},{"text":"very","start":4762.74,"end":4763},{"text":"much,","start":4763,"end":4763.34},{"text":"Chair.","start":4763.34,"end":4764.19}]},{"text":"First of all, I'd like to thank you for taking up the chairmanship of this group and also for your 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wish you every success and you can certainly count on Argentina.","start":4770.88,"end":4775.09,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4770.88,"end":4771.04},{"text":"wish","start":4771.04,"end":4771.22},{"text":"you","start":4771.22,"end":4771.36},{"text":"every","start":4771.36,"end":4771.68},{"text":"success","start":4771.68,"end":4772.08},{"text":"and","start":4772.08,"end":4772.22},{"text":"you","start":4772.22,"end":4772.32},{"text":"can","start":4772.32,"end":4772.52},{"text":"certainly","start":4772.52,"end":4772.84},{"text":"count","start":4772.84,"end":4773.28},{"text":"on","start":4773.28,"end":4773.52},{"text":"Argentina.","start":4774.39,"end":4775.09}]},{"text":"We'd also like to thank the panelists for their briefings.","start":4775.09,"end":4777.61,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We'd","start":4775.09,"end":4775.19},{"text":"also","start":4775.19,"end":4775.37},{"text":"like","start":4775.37,"end":4775.57},{"text":"to","start":4775.57,"end":4775.63},{"text":"thank","start":4775.63,"end":4775.83},{"text":"the","start":4775.83,"end":4775.95},{"text":"panelists","start":4775.95,"end":4776.45},{"text":"for","start":4776.45,"end":4776.81},{"text":"their","start":4776.81,"end":4777.11},{"text":"briefings.","start":4777.11,"end":4777.61}]},{"text":"Unfortunately, I arrived a bit late to the presentations.","start":4779.429,"end":4782.98,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Unfortunately,","start":4779.429,"end":4780.049},{"text":"I","start":4780.049,"end":4780.19},{"text":"arrived","start":4780.19,"end":4780.79},{"text":"a","start":4780.79,"end":4780.91},{"text":"bit","start":4780.91,"end":4781.169},{"text":"late","start":4781.169,"end":4781.97},{"text":"to","start":4781.97,"end":4782.17},{"text":"the","start":4782.17,"end":4782.329},{"text":"presentations.","start":4782.329,"end":4782.98}]},{"text":"We are a small mission, we have lots of meetings going on.","start":4783.27,"end":4786.2,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4783.27,"end":4783.31},{"text":"are","start":4783.31,"end":4783.43},{"text":"a","start":4783.43,"end":4783.489},{"text":"small","start":4783.489,"end":4783.69},{"text":"mission,","start":4783.69,"end":4783.989},{"text":"we","start":4784.25,"end":4784.25},{"text":"have","start":4784.25,"end":4784.489},{"text":"lots","start":4784.489,"end":4784.75},{"text":"of","start":4784.75,"end":4785.01},{"text":"meetings","start":4785.01,"end":4785.329},{"text":"going","start":4785.329,"end":4785.55},{"text":"on.","start":4785.55,"end":4786.2}]},{"text":"However, this is a very important issue that Argentina is very much interested in, and I'd like to ask a few questions and make some 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observe the growing modularity of firearms, um, and also polymer and 3D-printed weapons that pose challenges for the marking, tracing, and tracing criminal activities.","start":4794.57,"end":4809.53,"topics":[{"key":"firearm-marking","label":"Marking, Serialization, and Tracing","description":"A central topic was how to maintain durable, unique, and recoverable markings on polymer, modular, and privately manufactured firearms. Many interventions focused on serial numbers, essential components, obliterated markings, and how tracing standards should adapt to new materials and designs."},{"key":"three-d-printing","label":"3D-Printed Firearms","description":"Delegations discussed the rapid spread of additively manufactured firearms and parts, including hybrid weapons and conversion devices. Speakers stressed that these weapons are becoming easier to make, harder to regulate, and increasingly relevant to the implementation of the POA and the ITI."},{"key":"forensic-technologies","label":"Forensic Technologies and Data Systems","description":"A recurring issue was the need for better forensic tools to recover obliterated serial numbers, compare ballistic evidence, and identify emerging threats. Speakers also discussed interoperable databases, ballistic imaging systems, AI-supported detection, and improved firearm registries."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4794.57,"end":4794.57},{"text":"observe","start":4794.57,"end":4795.41},{"text":"the","start":4795.41,"end":4795.81},{"text":"growing","start":4795.81,"end":4796.61},{"text":"modularity","start":4796.61,"end":4797.55},{"text":"of","start":4797.55,"end":4797.69},{"text":"firearms,","start":4797.69,"end":4799.09},{"text":"um,","start":4799.09,"end":4799.47},{"text":"and","start":4799.47,"end":4799.59},{"text":"also","start":4799.59,"end":4799.89},{"text":"polymer","start":4800.13,"end":4800.91},{"text":"and","start":4800.91,"end":4801.17},{"text":"3D-printed","start":4801.17,"end":4801.91},{"text":"weapons","start":4801.91,"end":4802.37},{"text":"that","start":4802.37,"end":4802.63},{"text":"pose","start":4802.63,"end":4803.23},{"text":"challenges","start":4803.23,"end":4803.83},{"text":"for","start":4803.83,"end":4804.089},{"text":"the","start":4804.089,"end":4804.189},{"text":"marking,","start":4804.189,"end":4804.91},{"text":"tracing,","start":4804.91,"end":4806.11},{"text":"and","start":4806.11,"end":4806.189},{"text":"tracing","start":4806.189,"end":4807.509},{"text":"criminal","start":4807.509,"end":4807.889},{"text":"activities.","start":4807.889,"end":4809.53}]},{"text":"While firearms have legitimate uses, they can— these can make it very difficult to trace the different components and weapons.","start":4809.53,"end":4819.01,"topics":[{"key":"forensic-technologies","label":"Forensic Technologies and Data Systems","description":"A recurring issue was the need for better forensic tools to recover obliterated serial numbers, compare ballistic evidence, and identify emerging threats. 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wondering what frameworks you think could be useful for everyone here.","start":4867.319,"end":4872.14,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I'm","start":4867.319,"end":4867.58},{"text":"wondering","start":4867.58,"end":4867.84},{"text":"what","start":4867.84,"end":4868.5},{"text":"frameworks","start":4868.5,"end":4869.08},{"text":"you","start":4869.08,"end":4869.34},{"text":"think","start":4869.34,"end":4869.54},{"text":"could","start":4869.54,"end":4869.74},{"text":"be","start":4869.74,"end":4870.22},{"text":"useful","start":4870.22,"end":4870.56},{"text":"for","start":4870.56,"end":4870.92},{"text":"everyone","start":4870.92,"end":4871.56},{"text":"here.","start":4871.56,"end":4872.14}]},{"text":"Thank you very 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Kanu","affiliation":"SLE","affiliation_full":"Sierra Leone","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":32,"paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Mr. Chair.","start":4886.092,"end":4887.071,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":4886.092,"end":4886.349},{"text":"you,","start":4886.397,"end":4886.429},{"text":"Mr.","start":4886.445,"end":4886.686},{"text":"Chair.","start":4886.734,"end":4887.071}]},{"text":"Switzerland thanks you for convening this first session of the OETG, and we would also like to thank our briefers today for their valuable inputs to this 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Chair, these technical questions have now been on our agenda for over a decade, and this group now can translate that network into concrete 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polymer frames and receivers, the core challenge is well documented.","start":4906.164,"end":4909.986,"topics":[{"key":"firearm-marking","label":"Marking, Serialization, and Tracing","description":"A central topic was how to maintain durable, unique, and recoverable markings on polymer, modular, and privately manufactured firearms. 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Many interventions focused on serial numbers, essential components, obliterated markings, and how tracing standards should adapt to new materials and designs."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":4977.652,"end":4977.716},{"text":"evidence","start":4977.797,"end":4978.15},{"text":"confirms","start":4978.359,"end":4978.873},{"text":"that","start":4978.937,"end":4979.178},{"text":"the","start":4979.178,"end":4979.258},{"text":"serial","start":4979.258,"end":4979.612},{"text":"numbers","start":4979.644,"end":4980.03},{"text":"are","start":4980.13,"end":4980.29},{"text":"consistently","start":4980.29,"end":4980.91},{"text":"the","start":4980.91,"end":4981.11},{"text":"primary","start":4981.11,"end":4981.49},{"text":"target","start":4981.49,"end":4981.95},{"text":"of","start":4981.95,"end":4982.29},{"text":"obliteration","start":4982.29,"end":4982.95},{"text":"efforts.","start":4982.95,"end":4984.1}]},{"text":"On 3D-printed weapons, the key enabler is now the digital blueprint.","start":4985.45,"end":4989.079,"topics":[{"key":"digital-blueprints","label":"Digital Blueprints and Online Dissemination","description":"Several speakers highlighted the role of digital design files, manuals, and online communities in enabling illicit firearm production. 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would also like to refer the chair to our written statements as submitted for further detail on the positions outlined today, including research by UNIDIR, the Small Arms Survey, the Institute tutus opas and conflict armament 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thank you, Mr. Chair.","start":5034.25,"end":5035.459,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":5034.25,"end":5034.25},{"text":"thank","start":5034.25,"end":5034.49},{"text":"you,","start":5034.49,"end":5034.69},{"text":"Mr.","start":5034.69,"end":5034.91},{"text":"Chair.","start":5034.91,"end":5035.459}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"CHE","affiliation_full":"Switzerland","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":33,"paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of Switzerland for the intervention and the written statement referred to, and I give the floor to Australia, to be followed by Iraq and Germany.","start":5037.049,"end":5049.04,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":5037.049,"end":5037.07},{"text":"thank","start":5037.07,"end":5037.45},{"text":"the","start":5037.45,"end":5037.709},{"text":"distinguished","start":5037.709,"end":5038.41},{"text":"representative","start":5038.41,"end":5039.089},{"text":"of","start":5039.089,"end":5039.389},{"text":"Switzerland","start":5039.389,"end":5039.79},{"text":"for","start":5039.79,"end":5040.229},{"text":"the","start":5040.229,"end":5040.71},{"text":"intervention","start":5040.71,"end":5041.37},{"text":"and","start":5041.37,"end":5042.95},{"text":"the","start":5042.95,"end":5043.069},{"text":"written","start":5043.069,"end":5043.27},{"text":"statement","start":5043.27,"end":5043.83},{"text":"referred","start":5043.83,"end":5044.79},{"text":"to,","start":5044.79,"end":5045.409},{"text":"and","start":5045.409,"end":5045.53},{"text":"I","start":5045.53,"end":5045.69},{"text":"give","start":5045.69,"end":5045.729},{"text":"the","start":5045.729,"end":5045.909},{"text":"floor","start":5045.909,"end":5046.229},{"text":"to","start":5046.229,"end":5046.47},{"text":"Australia,","start":5046.47,"end":5046.92},{"text":"to","start":5047.27,"end":5047.31},{"text":"be","start":5047.31,"end":5047.43},{"text":"followed","start":5047.43,"end":5047.67},{"text":"by","start":5047.67,"end":5047.89},{"text":"Iraq","start":5047.89,"end":5048.33},{"text":"and","start":5048.33,"end":5048.49},{"text":"Germany.","start":5048.49,"end":5049.04}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Michael Imran Kanu","affiliation":"SLE","affiliation_full":"Sierra Leone","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":34,"paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Chair, and on the outset, Australia congratulates you on your election as Chair to the first Open-Ended Technical Expert 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as we have heard from other states and noted in your opening statement, the OETG aims to address highly technical topics, and we stress the importance in embracing the jargon and minutiae which is inherent when discussing firearms and all their 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like the rest of the world, faces serious challenges regarding illicit small arms and light weapons.","start":5073.058,"end":5077.985,"topics":[{"key":"illicit-trafficking","label":"Illicit Trafficking and Diversion","description":"Delegations linked emerging firearm technologies to broader trafficking and diversion challenges, including cross-border movement, illegal assembly, and unauthorized users. 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Many interventions focused on serial numbers, essential components, obliterated markings, and how tracing standards should adapt to new materials and designs."}],"words":[{"text":"Establishing","start":5232.479,"end":5233.009},{"text":"robust","start":5233.185,"end":5233.634},{"text":"data","start":5233.763,"end":5234.148},{"text":"collection","start":5234.148,"end":5234.533},{"text":"at","start":5234.629,"end":5234.677},{"text":"the","start":5234.725,"end":5234.966},{"text":"export","start":5235.046,"end":5235.511},{"text":"level","start":5235.511,"end":5235.832},{"text":"and","start":5236.089,"end":5236.153},{"text":"linking","start":5236.313,"end":5236.586},{"text":"it","start":5236.586,"end":5236.731},{"text":"directly","start":5236.731,"end":5237.26},{"text":"to","start":5237.2,"end":5237.6},{"text":"reciprocal","start":5237.6,"end":5238.12},{"text":"systems","start":5238.12,"end":5238.58},{"text":"at","start":5238.58,"end":5238.72},{"text":"the","start":5238.72,"end":5238.8},{"text":"import","start":5238.8,"end":5239.2},{"text":"level,","start":5239.2,"end":5239.76},{"text":"ensuring","start":5239.76,"end":5240.24},{"text":"all","start":5240.24,"end":5240.6},{"text":"states","start":5240.6,"end":5240.9},{"text":"can","start":5240.9,"end":5241.119},{"text":"benefit","start":5241.119,"end":5241.44},{"text":"from","start":5241.44,"end":5241.78},{"text":"clear","start":5241.78,"end":5242.18},{"text":"manufacture","start":5242.18,"end":5242.999},{"text":"and","start":5242.999,"end":5243.2},{"text":"origin","start":5243.2,"end":5243.579},{"text":"markings.","start":5243.579,"end":5244.579}]},{"text":"This would avoid the need for any secondary markings.","start":5244.919,"end":5247.569,"topics":[{"key":"firearm-marking","label":"Marking, Serialization, and Tracing","description":"A central topic was how to maintain durable, unique, and recoverable markings on polymer, modular, and privately manufactured firearms. Many interventions focused on serial numbers, essential components, obliterated markings, and how tracing standards should adapt to new materials and designs."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":5244.919,"end":5245.12},{"text":"would","start":5245.12,"end":5245.36},{"text":"avoid","start":5245.36,"end":5245.64},{"text":"the","start":5245.64,"end":5245.76},{"text":"need","start":5245.76,"end":5246.02},{"text":"for","start":5246.02,"end":5246.3},{"text":"any","start":5246.3,"end":5246.54},{"text":"secondary","start":5246.54,"end":5246.92},{"text":"markings.","start":5246.92,"end":5247.569}]},{"text":"Chair, in the past 20-plus years that Australia has been actively tracing recovered firearms, we have found little to no benefit in the secondary markings and see it only as a hurdle which inhibits our ability to engage with possibly the most important stakeholder for achieving sustained long-term success in combating the illicit trade in small arms and light weapons.","start":5248.68,"end":5269.81,"topics":[{"key":"firearm-marking","label":"Marking, Serialization, and Tracing","description":"A central topic was how to maintain durable, unique, and recoverable markings on polymer, modular, and privately manufactured firearms. 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Several interventions warned that policy developed without industry input may lag behind real manufacturing practices and innovation."}],"words":[{"text":"Regulators","start":5297.136,"end":5297.682},{"text":"cannot","start":5297.778,"end":5298.084},{"text":"control","start":5298.116,"end":5298.485},{"text":"everyday","start":5298.694,"end":5299.176},{"text":"multipurpose","start":5299.545,"end":5300.204},{"text":"construction","start":5300.204,"end":5300.766},{"text":"items","start":5300.766,"end":5301.136},{"text":"and","start":5301.409,"end":5301.473},{"text":"any","start":5301.569,"end":5301.73},{"text":"effort","start":5301.81,"end":5302.035},{"text":"to","start":5302.035,"end":5302.099},{"text":"do","start":5302.131,"end":5302.308},{"text":"so","start":5302.308,"end":5302.629},{"text":"will","start":5302.935,"end":5303.095},{"text":"be","start":5303.095,"end":5303.256},{"text":"in","start":5303.256,"end":5303.304},{"text":"vain.","start":5303.416,"end":5303.609}]},{"text":"We must carefully consider the impact on legitimate industry before attempting to regulate such items.","start":5304.139,"end":5309.006,"topics":[{"key":"industry-engagement","label":"Industry Engagement and Technical Expertise","description":"Participants stressed that manufacturers and other private-sector actors should be part of the solution, especially on marking methods, design standards, and technical feasibility. Several interventions warned that policy developed without industry input may lag behind real manufacturing practices and innovation."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":5304.139,"end":5304.22},{"text":"must","start":5304.22,"end":5304.444},{"text":"carefully","start":5304.444,"end":5304.862},{"text":"consider","start":5304.862,"end":5305.264},{"text":"the","start":5305.264,"end":5305.424},{"text":"impact","start":5305.424,"end":5305.89},{"text":"on","start":5306.131,"end":5306.179},{"text":"legitimate","start":5306.227,"end":5306.661},{"text":"industry","start":5306.709,"end":5307.159},{"text":"before","start":5307.191,"end":5307.496},{"text":"attempting","start":5307.496,"end":5307.882},{"text":"to","start":5307.914,"end":5308.059},{"text":"regulate","start":5308.059,"end":5308.476},{"text":"such","start":5308.476,"end":5308.653},{"text":"items.","start":5308.781,"end":5309.006}]},{"text":"Furthermore, we recognize that serious organized criminal groups possess resources and the capacity to actively circumvent legislation, regulatory and technical environments, our international efforts must remain sharply targeted to disrupt the illicit networks without placing undue burden on the functioning of licit markets.","start":5310.307,"end":5332.002,"topics":[{"key":"criminal-terrorist-use","label":"Criminal, Terrorist, and Youth Use","description":"Speakers raised concern about the growing use of these weapons by organized crime, terrorists, and vulnerable youth. 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thank you for your time and attention.","start":5332.885,"end":5334.41,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Chair,","start":5332.885,"end":5333.11},{"text":"thank","start":5333.126,"end":5333.35},{"text":"you","start":5333.35,"end":5333.415},{"text":"for","start":5333.447,"end":5333.511},{"text":"your","start":5333.511,"end":5333.607},{"text":"time","start":5333.607,"end":5333.896},{"text":"and","start":5334.009,"end":5334.073},{"text":"attention.","start":5334.073,"end":5334.41}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"AUS","affiliation_full":"Australia","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":35,"paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of Australia for the 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states, in line with Article 51 and Article 2 of the UN Charter, States have the right to manufacture weapons for their own 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then thirdly— I wish to say that Interpol registers are vast.","start":5451.12,"end":5460.76,"topics":[{"key":"international-cooperation","label":"International Cooperation and Capacity Building","description":"States repeatedly called for stronger cross-border information sharing, technical assistance, and cooperation through UN mechanisms, Interpol, and regional processes. 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conclusion, I'd like to thank you, and I'm sorry to have taken the floor for so long.","start":5495.45,"end":5500.93,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":5495.45,"end":5495.71},{"text":"conclusion,","start":5495.71,"end":5496.05},{"text":"I'd","start":5496.05,"end":5496.25},{"text":"like","start":5496.25,"end":5496.33},{"text":"to","start":5496.33,"end":5496.47},{"text":"thank","start":5496.47,"end":5496.77},{"text":"you,","start":5496.77,"end":5497.87},{"text":"and","start":5497.87,"end":5497.87},{"text":"I'm","start":5497.87,"end":5498.43},{"text":"sorry","start":5498.43,"end":5498.97},{"text":"to","start":5498.97,"end":5499.35},{"text":"have","start":5499.35,"end":5499.61},{"text":"taken","start":5499.61,"end":5499.79},{"text":"the","start":5499.79,"end":5500.01},{"text":"floor","start":5500.01,"end":5500.05},{"text":"for","start":5500.05,"end":5500.23},{"text":"so","start":5500.23,"end":5500.39},{"text":"long.","start":5500.39,"end":5500.93}]},{"text":"Thank 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suggestion.","start":5503.21,"end":5511.62,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":5503.21,"end":5503.21},{"text":"thank","start":5503.21,"end":5503.47},{"text":"the","start":5503.47,"end":5503.689},{"text":"distinguished","start":5503.689,"end":5504.21},{"text":"representative","start":5504.21,"end":5504.569},{"text":"of","start":5504.569,"end":5504.689},{"text":"Iraq","start":5504.689,"end":5505.109},{"text":"for","start":5505.109,"end":5505.87},{"text":"the","start":5505.87,"end":5506.11},{"text":"intervention,","start":5506.11,"end":5506.85},{"text":"and","start":5506.85,"end":5506.89},{"text":"I","start":5506.89,"end":5507.03},{"text":"think","start":5507.03,"end":5508.05},{"text":"your","start":5508.05,"end":5508.749},{"text":"intervention","start":5508.749,"end":5509.35},{"text":"was","start":5509.35,"end":5509.73},{"text":"right","start":5509.73,"end":5510.13},{"text":"in","start":5510.13,"end":5510.31},{"text":"time,","start":5510.31,"end":5510.57},{"text":"so","start":5510.57,"end":5510.71},{"text":"thank","start":5510.71,"end":5510.91},{"text":"you","start":5510.91,"end":5511.03},{"text":"for","start":5511.03,"end":5511.169},{"text":"the","start":5511.169,"end":5511.27},{"text":"suggestion.","start":5511.27,"end":5511.62}]},{"text":"I'll now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Germany, to be followed by Mexico and France.","start":5512.52,"end":5518.61,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I'll","start":5512.52,"end":5512.87},{"text":"now","start":5512.87,"end":5513.009},{"text":"give","start":5513.009,"end":5513.089},{"text":"the","start":5513.089,"end":5513.23},{"text":"floor","start":5513.23,"end":5513.71},{"text":"to","start":5513.71,"end":5514.13},{"text":"the","start":5514.13,"end":5514.25},{"text":"distinguished","start":5514.25,"end":5514.73},{"text":"representative","start":5514.73,"end":5515.11},{"text":"of","start":5515.11,"end":5515.19},{"text":"Germany,","start":5515.19,"end":5515.77},{"text":"to","start":5515.77,"end":5515.81},{"text":"be","start":5515.81,"end":5515.93},{"text":"followed","start":5515.93,"end":5516.21},{"text":"by","start":5516.21,"end":5516.43},{"text":"Mexico","start":5516.43,"end":5516.99},{"text":"and","start":5516.99,"end":5517.91},{"text":"France.","start":5517.91,"end":5518.61}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Michael Imran Kanu","affiliation":"SLE","affiliation_full":"Sierra Leone","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":38,"paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Let me join previous speakers in congratulating you, Mr. Kanu, upon your appointment as chair of this first meeting of the OETEG, thank you and your team for the excellent preparation of this meeting and also to the speakers of the preceding 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me assure you Germany's full support and constructive engagement for this OETEG to fulfill its mandate.","start":5537.53,"end":5546.27,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Let","start":5537.53,"end":5537.89},{"text":"me","start":5537.89,"end":5538.05},{"text":"assure","start":5538.05,"end":5538.53},{"text":"you","start":5538.53,"end":5538.87},{"text":"Germany's","start":5538.87,"end":5539.49},{"text":"full","start":5539.49,"end":5539.71},{"text":"support","start":5539.71,"end":5540.17},{"text":"and","start":5540.17,"end":5540.41},{"text":"constructive","start":5540.41,"end":5541.17},{"text":"engagement","start":5541.17,"end":5542.05},{"text":"for","start":5542.05,"end":5542.59},{"text":"this","start":5542.59,"end":5542.99},{"text":"OETEG","start":5542.99,"end":5544.21},{"text":"to","start":5544.21,"end":5544.35},{"text":"fulfill","start":5544.35,"end":5544.77},{"text":"its","start":5544.77,"end":5545.05},{"text":"mandate.","start":5545.05,"end":5546.27}]},{"text":"Germany stands ready to develop agreed recommendations in order to address challenges and harness opportunities and best practices for self-control to strengthen the United Nations POA and ITI and their full and effective 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Chair, from our experience supporting implementation in the field suggests that integrated and internationally harmonized approach to the control of illicit additive, on illicit manufactured small arms and light weapons, their parts and components, and related technologies will be the most effective.","start":5564.32,"end":5585.547,"topics":[{"key":"international-cooperation","label":"International Cooperation and Capacity Building","description":"States repeatedly called for stronger cross-border information sharing, technical assistance, and cooperation through UN mechanisms, Interpol, and regional processes. 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Imran Kanu","affiliation":"SLE","affiliation_full":"Sierra Leone","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":40,"paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Muchas gracias, Presidente.","start":5676.363,"end":5677.646,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Muchas","start":5676.363,"end":5676.588},{"text":"gracias,","start":5676.588,"end":5676.892},{"text":"Presidente.","start":5676.924,"end":5677.646}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you very much, Chairman.","start":5677.95,"end":5678.928,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":5677.95,"end":5678.11},{"text":"you","start":5678.11,"end":5678.191},{"text":"very","start":5678.191,"end":5678.367},{"text":"much,","start":5678.367,"end":5678.527},{"text":"Chairman.","start":5678.591,"end":5678.928}]},{"text":"Mexico reiterates its congratulations to you upon your election to head up this 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and GENSAC data confirm that firearms in domestic and conflict situations have a disproportionate effect on women and 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represent 95% of the victims of sexual viol— conflict-related sexual violence.","start":5751.62,"end":5757.62,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"They","start":5751.62,"end":5751.62},{"text":"represent","start":5751.62,"end":5752.44},{"text":"95%","start":5752.44,"end":5753.94},{"text":"of","start":5753.94,"end":5754.04},{"text":"the","start":5754.04,"end":5754.04},{"text":"victims","start":5754.04,"end":5754.34},{"text":"of","start":5754.34,"end":5754.54},{"text":"sexual","start":5754.54,"end":5754.84},{"text":"viol—","start":5754.84,"end":5755.48},{"text":"conflict-related","start":5755.48,"end":5756.4},{"text":"sexual","start":5756.4,"end":5756.78},{"text":"violence.","start":5756.78,"end":5757.62}]},{"text":"In this regard, the group must ensure that its future recommendations reflect these differential impacts and that we support the compilation of data disaggregated by sex, age, and disability in order to strengthen the establishment of evidence-based public policies.","start":5757.62,"end":5775.99,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":5757.62,"end":5757.78},{"text":"this","start":5757.78,"end":5757.94},{"text":"regard,","start":5757.94,"end":5758.34},{"text":"the","start":5758.62,"end":5758.66},{"text":"group","start":5758.66,"end":5758.94},{"text":"must","start":5758.94,"end":5759.34},{"text":"ensure","start":5759.34,"end":5759.8},{"text":"that","start":5759.8,"end":5759.98},{"text":"its","start":5759.98,"end":5760.16},{"text":"future","start":5760.16,"end":5760.42},{"text":"recommendations","start":5760.42,"end":5761.04},{"text":"reflect","start":5761.04,"end":5761.54},{"text":"these","start":5761.69,"end":5762.01},{"text":"differential","start":5762.01,"end":5762.69},{"text":"impacts","start":5762.69,"end":5763.33},{"text":"and","start":5763.33,"end":5764.21},{"text":"that","start":5764.21,"end":5764.71},{"text":"we","start":5764.71,"end":5765.609},{"text":"support","start":5765.609,"end":5766.13},{"text":"the","start":5766.13,"end":5766.369},{"text":"compilation","start":5766.369,"end":5767.069},{"text":"of","start":5767.069,"end":5767.67},{"text":"data","start":5767.67,"end":5767.97},{"text":"disaggregated","start":5767.97,"end":5768.67},{"text":"by","start":5768.67,"end":5768.869},{"text":"sex,","start":5768.869,"end":5769.31},{"text":"age,","start":5769.31,"end":5769.91},{"text":"and","start":5769.91,"end":5769.969},{"text":"disability","start":5769.969,"end":5770.49},{"text":"in","start":5770.49,"end":5770.809},{"text":"order","start":5770.809,"end":5771.21},{"text":"to","start":5771.21,"end":5771.43},{"text":"strengthen","start":5771.43,"end":5772.27},{"text":"the","start":5772.27,"end":5772.49},{"text":"establishment","start":5772.49,"end":5773.17},{"text":"of","start":5773.17,"end":5773.53},{"text":"evidence-based","start":5773.53,"end":5774.29},{"text":"public","start":5774.29,"end":5774.63},{"text":"policies.","start":5774.63,"end":5775.99}]},{"text":"Now, as for the information that we heard this morning, something that Mexico has been thinking about is how we can ensure that discussions on new technologies and the development of weapons by individuals are properly in line with the real magnitude of the challenge that these phenomena currently represent.","start":5775.99,"end":5797.63,"topics":[{"key":"three-d-printing","label":"3D-Printed Firearms","description":"Delegations discussed the rapid spread of additively manufactured firearms and parts, including hybrid weapons and conversion devices. 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Some speakers also stressed that conventionally manufactured weapons diverted into illicit markets remain a major source of armed violence and must stay central to the discussion."},{"key":"three-d-printing","label":"3D-Printed Firearms","description":"Delegations discussed the rapid spread of additively manufactured firearms and parts, including hybrid weapons and conversion devices. Speakers stressed that these weapons are becoming easier to make, harder to regulate, and increasingly relevant to the implementation of the POA and the ITI."}],"words":[{"text":"We'd","start":5797.74,"end":5797.94},{"text":"like","start":5797.94,"end":5798.04},{"text":"to","start":5798.04,"end":5798.14},{"text":"know","start":5798.14,"end":5798.32},{"text":"whether","start":5798.32,"end":5798.48},{"text":"the","start":5798.48,"end":5798.7},{"text":"panelists","start":5798.7,"end":5799.06},{"text":"have","start":5799.06,"end":5799.339},{"text":"any","start":5799.339,"end":5799.52},{"text":"proposals","start":5799.52,"end":5800.14},{"text":"on","start":5800.14,"end":5800.759},{"text":"how","start":5800.759,"end":5801.06},{"text":"we","start":5801.06,"end":5801.3},{"text":"can","start":5801.3,"end":5801.56},{"text":"strike","start":5801.56,"end":5801.96},{"text":"a","start":5801.96,"end":5802.18},{"text":"balance","start":5802.18,"end":5802.6},{"text":"between","start":5802.6,"end":5803.16},{"text":"addressing","start":5803.16,"end":5804.1},{"text":"the","start":5804.1,"end":5805.26},{"text":"risks","start":5805.26,"end":5805.7},{"text":"of","start":5805.7,"end":5805.9},{"text":"emerging","start":5805.9,"end":5806.32},{"text":"technologies,","start":5806.32,"end":5807.22},{"text":"but","start":5807.22,"end":5807.3},{"text":"at","start":5807.3,"end":5807.4},{"text":"the","start":5807.4,"end":5807.68},{"text":"same","start":5807.68,"end":5808.02},{"text":"time","start":5808.02,"end":5808.52},{"text":"continuing","start":5808.52,"end":5809},{"text":"to","start":5809,"end":5809.32},{"text":"focus","start":5809.32,"end":5809.7},{"text":"our","start":5809.7,"end":5809.94},{"text":"efforts","start":5809.94,"end":5810.3},{"text":"on","start":5810.3,"end":5810.66},{"text":"the","start":5810.66,"end":5810.84},{"text":"diversion","start":5810.84,"end":5811.74},{"text":"of","start":5811.74,"end":5812.18},{"text":"traditionally","start":5812.18,"end":5812.88},{"text":"manufactured","start":5813.296,"end":5814.003},{"text":"weapons","start":5814.421,"end":5814.806},{"text":"and","start":5814.838,"end":5814.919},{"text":"legally","start":5814.983,"end":5815.288},{"text":"manufactured","start":5815.32,"end":5816.108},{"text":"weapons","start":5816.108,"end":5816.574},{"text":"that","start":5816.991,"end":5817.152},{"text":"remains","start":5817.152,"end":5817.457},{"text":"the","start":5817.489,"end":5817.602},{"text":"main","start":5817.602,"end":5817.923},{"text":"source","start":5817.987,"end":5818.261},{"text":"of","start":5818.437,"end":5818.582},{"text":"weapons.","start":5819.016,"end":5819.466}]},{"text":"And something that we have seen with some initiatives is how to explore the possibility of moving from arms control logic to control of digital manufacturing capacities logic, including software restrictions, design archives, and production technologies.","start":5820.044,"end":5838.654,"topics":[{"key":"digital-blueprints","label":"Digital Blueprints and Online Dissemination","description":"Several speakers highlighted the role of digital design files, manuals, and online communities in enabling illicit firearm production. 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you very much, Chairman.","start":5865.263,"end":5866.274,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":5865.263,"end":5865.423},{"text":"you","start":5865.423,"end":5865.504},{"text":"very","start":5865.504,"end":5865.664},{"text":"much,","start":5865.664,"end":5865.873},{"text":"Chairman.","start":5865.905,"end":5866.274}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"MEX","affiliation_full":"Mexico","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":41,"paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of Mexico for the intervention and question.","start":5867.655,"end":5871.412,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":5867.655,"end":5867.671},{"text":"thank","start":5867.671,"end":5867.912},{"text":"the","start":5867.912,"end":5868.153},{"text":"distinguished","start":5868.153,"end":5868.635},{"text":"representative","start":5868.635,"end":5869.245},{"text":"of","start":5869.261,"end":5869.357},{"text":"Mexico","start":5869.357,"end":5869.839},{"text":"for","start":5869.839,"end":5869.999},{"text":"the","start":5869.999,"end":5870.08},{"text":"intervention","start":5870.08,"end":5870.642},{"text":"and","start":5870.642,"end":5870.77},{"text":"question.","start":5870.867,"end":5871.412}]},{"text":"I now give the floor to the representative, distinguished representative of France, to be followed by Dominican Republic and 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Imran Kanu","affiliation":"SLE","affiliation_full":"Sierra Leone","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":42,"paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Merci, Monsieur le Président.","start":5879.553,"end":5880.324,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Merci,","start":5879.553,"end":5879.874},{"text":"Monsieur","start":5879.89,"end":5880.131},{"text":"le","start":5880.131,"end":5880.179},{"text":"Président.","start":5880.179,"end":5880.324}]},{"text":"Thank you, Chair.","start":5880.902,"end":5881.544,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":5880.902,"end":5881.143},{"text":"you,","start":5881.143,"end":5881.175},{"text":"Chair.","start":5881.223,"end":5881.544}]},{"text":"Allow me, first of all, to congratulate you on your election to chair this group, to chair this group, and for organizing this first 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would also like to thank the panelists for their presentations.","start":5890.58,"end":5896.059,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"France","start":5890.58,"end":5890.86},{"text":"would","start":5890.86,"end":5891},{"text":"also","start":5891,"end":5891.2},{"text":"like","start":5891.2,"end":5891.52},{"text":"to","start":5891.52,"end":5891.82},{"text":"thank","start":5891.82,"end":5892.18},{"text":"the","start":5892.18,"end":5892.42},{"text":"panelists","start":5892.42,"end":5893.12},{"text":"for","start":5893.12,"end":5894.18},{"text":"their","start":5894.18,"end":5894.919},{"text":"presentations.","start":5894.919,"end":5896.059}]},{"text":"Today I'd like to share some national practices from France to address the challenges posed by developments in the manufacture, technology, and the creation of small arms and light weapons, particularly polymer weapons, modular weapons, and also illegal 3D printing.","start":5896.059,"end":5912.63,"topics":[{"key":"national-legislation","label":"National Regulatory Frameworks","description":"Many delegations described efforts to modernize domestic laws so they cover 3D printing, ghost guns, modular systems, and sensitive firearm parts. 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Many interventions focused on serial numbers, essential components, obliterated markings, and how tracing standards should adapt to new materials and designs."}],"words":[{"text":"On","start":5913.74,"end":5913.94},{"text":"polymer","start":5913.94,"end":5914.24},{"text":"weapons,","start":5914.24,"end":5916.06},{"text":"the","start":5916.06,"end":5916.06},{"text":"decree","start":5916.06,"end":5916.56},{"text":"from","start":5916.56,"end":5916.78},{"text":"the","start":5916.78,"end":5916.8},{"text":"20th","start":5916.8,"end":5917.18},{"text":"of","start":5917.18,"end":5917.36},{"text":"April","start":5917.39,"end":5917.91},{"text":"2020","start":5917.91,"end":5918.91},{"text":"on","start":5918.91,"end":5919.17},{"text":"marking","start":5919.17,"end":5919.65},{"text":"firearms,","start":5919.65,"end":5920.91},{"text":"which","start":5920.91,"end":5920.91},{"text":"reflects","start":5920.91,"end":5921.67},{"text":"the","start":5921.67,"end":5922.13},{"text":"EU","start":5922.13,"end":5922.85},{"text":"Directive","start":5922.85,"end":5923.529},{"text":"2019/68,","start":5923.529,"end":5925.33},{"text":"stipulates","start":5925.77,"end":5926.21},{"text":"for","start":5926.21,"end":5926.589},{"text":"frames","start":5926.589,"end":5927.07},{"text":"or","start":5927.07,"end":5927.27},{"text":"receiver","start":5927.27,"end":5927.77},{"text":"housings","start":5927.77,"end":5928.99},{"text":"made","start":5928.99,"end":5929.29},{"text":"by","start":5929.29,"end":5929.61},{"text":"a","start":5929.61,"end":5929.71},{"text":"non-metallic","start":5929.71,"end":5930.429},{"text":"material—","start":5930.429,"end":5930.929},{"text":"from","start":5930.929,"end":5931.13},{"text":"a","start":5931.13,"end":5931.249},{"text":"non-metallic","start":5931.249,"end":5931.71},{"text":"material—","start":5931.71,"end":5932.77},{"text":"the","start":5932.77,"end":5932.89},{"text":"marking","start":5932.89,"end":5933.81},{"text":"should","start":5933.81,"end":5934.15},{"text":"be","start":5934.15,"end":5934.43},{"text":"on","start":5934.43,"end":5934.53},{"text":"a","start":5934.53,"end":5934.69},{"text":"metallic","start":5934.69,"end":5935.21},{"text":"plate","start":5935.21,"end":5935.71},{"text":"which","start":5935.71,"end":5936.01},{"text":"is","start":5936.01,"end":5936.41},{"text":"durably","start":5936.41,"end":5937.31},{"text":"included","start":5937.31,"end":5937.65},{"text":"in","start":5937.65,"end":5937.83},{"text":"the","start":5937.83,"end":5937.93},{"text":"material","start":5937.93,"end":5938.43},{"text":"of","start":5938.43,"end":5938.65},{"text":"the","start":5938.65,"end":5938.83},{"text":"housings","start":5938.83,"end":5939.61},{"text":"or","start":5939.61,"end":5939.87},{"text":"frames","start":5939.87,"end":5940.35},{"text":"so","start":5940.35,"end":5940.73},{"text":"that","start":5940.73,"end":5940.97},{"text":"the","start":5940.97,"end":5941.15},{"text":"plate","start":5941.15,"end":5941.59},{"text":"cannot","start":5941.59,"end":5942.07},{"text":"be","start":5942.07,"end":5942.41},{"text":"easily","start":5942.41,"end":5942.85},{"text":"taken","start":5942.85,"end":5943.23},{"text":"off.","start":5943.23,"end":5943.57}]},{"text":"But nor should it destroy part of the frames or receiver housings.","start":5944.28,"end":5949.399,"topics":[{"key":"firearm-marking","label":"Marking, Serialization, and Tracing","description":"A central topic was how to maintain durable, unique, and recoverable markings on polymer, modular, and privately manufactured firearms. 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Chair.","start":6068.952,"end":6069.755,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":6068.952,"end":6069.112},{"text":"you","start":6069.112,"end":6069.177},{"text":"very","start":6069.177,"end":6069.273},{"text":"much,","start":6069.273,"end":6069.482},{"text":"Chair.","start":6069.578,"end":6069.755}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"FRA","affiliation_full":"France","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":43,"paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you.","start":6070.14,"end":6071.2,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":6070.14,"end":6070.413},{"text":"you.","start":6071.103,"end":6071.2}]},{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of France for the 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Imran Kanu","affiliation":"SLE","affiliation_full":"Sierra Leone","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":44,"paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Muchas gracias, señor presidente.","start":6089.254,"end":6091.036,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Muchas","start":6089.254,"end":6089.511},{"text":"gracias,","start":6089.511,"end":6090.057},{"text":"señor","start":6090.089,"end":6090.362},{"text":"presidente.","start":6090.362,"end":6091.036}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you very much, Chair, and thank you to the experts for sharing your 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thank you, Mr. Chair.","start":6774.15,"end":6775.193,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":6774.15,"end":6774.198},{"text":"thank","start":6774.23,"end":6774.503},{"text":"you,","start":6774.535,"end":6774.616},{"text":"Mr.","start":6774.632,"end":6774.824},{"text":"Chair.","start":6774.872,"end":6775.193}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"MDA","affiliation_full":"Republic of Moldova","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":49,"paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of the Republic of Moldova for the intervention.","start":6777.906,"end":6783.026,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":6777.906,"end":6777.938},{"text":"thank","start":6778.002,"end":6778.307},{"text":"the","start":6778.307,"end":6778.419},{"text":"distinguished","start":6778.548,"end":6779.174},{"text":"representative","start":6779.286,"end":6780.378},{"text":"of","start":6780.474,"end":6780.538},{"text":"the","start":6780.57,"end":6780.65},{"text":"Republic","start":6780.65,"end":6781.116},{"text":"of","start":6781.116,"end":6781.196},{"text":"Moldova","start":6781.196,"end":6781.854},{"text":"for","start":6781.854,"end":6782.127},{"text":"the","start":6782.191,"end":6782.239},{"text":"intervention.","start":6782.255,"end":6783.026}]},{"text":"I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Pakistan, to be followed followed by Nigeria and then Morocco.","start":6783.941,"end":6789.318,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":6783.941,"end":6783.957},{"text":"now","start":6783.957,"end":6784.117},{"text":"give","start":6784.246,"end":6784.422},{"text":"the","start":6784.422,"end":6784.454},{"text":"floor","start":6784.502,"end":6784.823},{"text":"to","start":6784.823,"end":6784.968},{"text":"the","start":6784.968,"end":6785.016},{"text":"distinguished","start":6785.064,"end":6785.53},{"text":"representative","start":6785.53,"end":6786.027},{"text":"of","start":6786.027,"end":6786.155},{"text":"Pakistan,","start":6786.188,"end":6786.717},{"text":"to","start":6786.83,"end":6786.942},{"text":"be","start":6786.99,"end":6787.135},{"text":"followed","start":6787.135,"end":6787.504},{"text":"followed","start":6787.456,"end":6787.712},{"text":"by","start":6787.712,"end":6787.777},{"text":"Nigeria","start":6787.777,"end":6788.499},{"text":"and","start":6788.58,"end":6788.676},{"text":"then","start":6788.676,"end":6788.901},{"text":"Morocco.","start":6788.901,"end":6789.318}]},{"text":"Thank you, Chair.","start":6791.486,"end":6792.128,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":6791.486,"end":6791.711},{"text":"you,","start":6791.711,"end":6791.743},{"text":"Chair.","start":6791.791,"end":6792.128}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Michael Imran Kanu","affiliation":"SLE","affiliation_full":"Sierra Leone","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":50,"paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"We congratulate you on assuming this important position and we wish to extend our support.","start":6792.835,"end":6798.326,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":6792.835,"end":6793.011},{"text":"congratulate","start":6793.011,"end":6793.75},{"text":"you","start":6793.798,"end":6793.926},{"text":"on","start":6794.119,"end":6794.248},{"text":"assuming","start":6794.36,"end":6794.826},{"text":"this","start":6794.938,"end":6795.211},{"text":"important","start":6795.243,"end":6795.709},{"text":"position","start":6795.741,"end":6796.239},{"text":"and","start":6796.303,"end":6796.72},{"text":"we","start":6796.865,"end":6797.009},{"text":"wish","start":6797.009,"end":6797.186},{"text":"to","start":6797.186,"end":6797.33},{"text":"extend","start":6797.33,"end":6797.732},{"text":"our","start":6797.732,"end":6797.828},{"text":"support.","start":6797.828,"end":6798.326}]},{"text":"Chair, Pakistan once again underlines the close nexus between illicit trade of small arms and light weapons and terrorism, organized crime, and drug trafficking.","start":6799.659,"end":6812.488,"topics":[{"key":"illicit-trafficking","label":"Illicit Trafficking and Diversion","description":"Delegations linked emerging firearm technologies to broader trafficking and diversion challenges, including cross-border movement, illegal assembly, and unauthorized users. Some speakers also stressed that conventionally manufactured weapons diverted into illicit markets remain a major source of armed violence and must stay central to the discussion."},{"key":"criminal-terrorist-use","label":"Criminal, Terrorist, and Youth Use","description":"Speakers raised concern about the growing use of these weapons by organized crime, terrorists, and vulnerable youth. The discussion framed emerging technologies not only as a technical problem, but as a security threat connected to extortion, assassination, narcotics networks, and extremist violence."}],"words":[{"text":"Chair,","start":6799.659,"end":6799.899},{"text":"Pakistan","start":6799.915,"end":6800.445},{"text":"once","start":6801.039,"end":6801.28},{"text":"again","start":6801.28,"end":6801.473},{"text":"underlines","start":6801.601,"end":6802.131},{"text":"the","start":6802.244,"end":6802.324},{"text":"close","start":6802.709,"end":6803.127},{"text":"nexus","start":6803.223,"end":6803.785},{"text":"between","start":6804.17,"end":6804.476},{"text":"illicit","start":6804.732,"end":6805.198},{"text":"trade","start":6805.198,"end":6805.471},{"text":"of","start":6805.76,"end":6805.921},{"text":"small","start":6806.274,"end":6806.611},{"text":"arms","start":6806.723,"end":6806.964},{"text":"and","start":6806.964,"end":6807.269},{"text":"light","start":6807.462,"end":6807.767},{"text":"weapons","start":6807.767,"end":6808.153},{"text":"and","start":6808.891,"end":6809.196},{"text":"terrorism,","start":6809.373,"end":6809.822},{"text":"organized","start":6810.256,"end":6810.738},{"text":"crime,","start":6810.738,"end":6811.043},{"text":"and","start":6811.155,"end":6811.444},{"text":"drug","start":6811.781,"end":6812.038},{"text":"trafficking.","start":6812.038,"end":6812.488}]},{"text":"We reiterate our call for a comprehensive approach to addressing these interconnected threats.","start":6813.61,"end":6820.8,"topics":[{"key":"illicit-trafficking","label":"Illicit Trafficking and Diversion","description":"Delegations linked emerging firearm technologies to broader trafficking and diversion challenges, including cross-border movement, illegal assembly, and unauthorized users. 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The discussion framed emerging technologies not only as a technical problem, but as a security threat connected to extortion, assassination, narcotics networks, and extremist violence."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":6813.61,"end":6813.61},{"text":"reiterate","start":6813.61,"end":6814.25},{"text":"our","start":6814.25,"end":6814.59},{"text":"call","start":6814.59,"end":6814.83},{"text":"for","start":6814.83,"end":6815.23},{"text":"a","start":6815.23,"end":6815.51},{"text":"comprehensive","start":6815.51,"end":6816.13},{"text":"approach","start":6816.13,"end":6816.71},{"text":"to","start":6816.71,"end":6816.989},{"text":"addressing","start":6816.989,"end":6817.55},{"text":"these","start":6817.55,"end":6818.209},{"text":"interconnected","start":6818.209,"end":6819.15},{"text":"threats.","start":6819.15,"end":6820.8}]},{"text":"These unauthorized users, including non-state actors, use sophisticated weapons and are increasingly using emerging technologies.","start":6821.05,"end":6830.47,"topics":[{"key":"criminal-terrorist-use","label":"Criminal, Terrorist, and Youth Use","description":"Speakers raised concern about the growing use of these weapons by organized crime, terrorists, and vulnerable youth. The discussion framed emerging technologies not only as a technical problem, but as a security threat connected to extortion, assassination, narcotics networks, and extremist violence."}],"words":[{"text":"These","start":6821.05,"end":6821.23},{"text":"unauthorized","start":6821.23,"end":6822.15},{"text":"users,","start":6822.15,"end":6822.769},{"text":"including","start":6822.769,"end":6823.269},{"text":"non-state","start":6823.269,"end":6823.79},{"text":"actors,","start":6823.79,"end":6824.87},{"text":"use","start":6824.87,"end":6825.21},{"text":"sophisticated","start":6825.21,"end":6826.01},{"text":"weapons","start":6826.01,"end":6826.63},{"text":"and","start":6826.63,"end":6827.13},{"text":"are","start":6827.13,"end":6827.429},{"text":"increasingly","start":6827.429,"end":6828.03},{"text":"using","start":6828.03,"end":6828.47},{"text":"emerging","start":6828.47,"end":6828.97},{"text":"technologies.","start":6828.97,"end":6830.47}]},{"text":"Our primary concern remains the acquisition and use of modern and sophisticated small arms and light weapons by non-state actors and UN-listed terrorist organizations.","start":6830.85,"end":6843.1,"topics":[{"key":"criminal-terrorist-use","label":"Criminal, Terrorist, and Youth Use","description":"Speakers raised concern about the growing use of these weapons by organized crime, terrorists, and vulnerable youth. The discussion framed emerging technologies not only as a technical problem, but as a security threat connected to extortion, assassination, narcotics networks, and extremist violence."}],"words":[{"text":"Our","start":6830.85,"end":6831.07},{"text":"primary","start":6831.07,"end":6831.43},{"text":"concern","start":6831.43,"end":6832.09},{"text":"remains","start":6832.09,"end":6832.57},{"text":"the","start":6832.57,"end":6832.73},{"text":"acquisition","start":6832.73,"end":6833.43},{"text":"and","start":6833.43,"end":6833.81},{"text":"use","start":6833.81,"end":6834.07},{"text":"of","start":6834.07,"end":6834.23},{"text":"modern","start":6834.23,"end":6834.95},{"text":"and","start":6834.95,"end":6835.47},{"text":"sophisticated","start":6835.47,"end":6836.11},{"text":"small","start":6836.11,"end":6836.53},{"text":"arms","start":6836.53,"end":6837.33},{"text":"and","start":6837.33,"end":6837.69},{"text":"light","start":6837.69,"end":6838.01},{"text":"weapons","start":6838.01,"end":6838.43},{"text":"by","start":6838.6,"end":6838.92},{"text":"non-state","start":6838.92,"end":6839.38},{"text":"actors","start":6839.38,"end":6839.98},{"text":"and","start":6839.98,"end":6840.58},{"text":"UN-listed","start":6840.58,"end":6841.18},{"text":"terrorist","start":6841.18,"end":6841.6},{"text":"organizations.","start":6841.6,"end":6843.1}]},{"text":"There is a need to strengthen international cooperation to effectively address disrupting accumulation of small arms and light weapons and their diversion.","start":6843.54,"end":6854.65,"topics":[{"key":"international-cooperation","label":"International Cooperation and Capacity Building","description":"States repeatedly called for stronger cross-border information sharing, technical assistance, and cooperation through UN mechanisms, Interpol, and regional processes. Capacity building for law enforcement, border officials, prosecutors, and forensic services was presented as essential for an effective response."},{"key":"illicit-trafficking","label":"Illicit Trafficking and Diversion","description":"Delegations linked emerging firearm technologies to broader trafficking and diversion challenges, including cross-border movement, illegal assembly, and unauthorized users. Some speakers also stressed that conventionally manufactured weapons diverted into illicit markets remain a major source of armed violence and must stay central to the discussion."}],"words":[{"text":"There","start":6843.54,"end":6843.56},{"text":"is","start":6843.56,"end":6843.779},{"text":"a","start":6843.779,"end":6843.88},{"text":"need","start":6843.88,"end":6844.72},{"text":"to","start":6844.72,"end":6845.199},{"text":"strengthen","start":6845.199,"end":6845.72},{"text":"international","start":6845.72,"end":6846.439},{"text":"cooperation","start":6846.439,"end":6847.219},{"text":"to","start":6847.219,"end":6848.04},{"text":"effectively","start":6848.04,"end":6848.799},{"text":"address","start":6848.799,"end":6849.719},{"text":"disrupting","start":6849.719,"end":6850.68},{"text":"accumulation","start":6850.68,"end":6851.26},{"text":"of","start":6851.26,"end":6851.5},{"text":"small","start":6851.5,"end":6851.799},{"text":"arms","start":6851.799,"end":6852.52},{"text":"and","start":6852.52,"end":6852.86},{"text":"light","start":6852.86,"end":6853.12},{"text":"weapons","start":6853.12,"end":6853.44},{"text":"and","start":6853.44,"end":6853.66},{"text":"their","start":6853.66,"end":6853.9},{"text":"diversion.","start":6853.9,"end":6854.65}]},{"text":"Efforts must be enhanced to prevent the diversion of arms to unauthorized users and to ensure strict adherence to arms embargoes.","start":6855.4,"end":6864.22,"topics":[{"key":"illicit-trafficking","label":"Illicit Trafficking and Diversion","description":"Delegations linked emerging firearm technologies to broader trafficking and diversion challenges, including cross-border movement, illegal assembly, and unauthorized users. Some speakers also stressed that conventionally manufactured weapons diverted into illicit markets remain a major source of armed violence and must stay central to the discussion."}],"words":[{"text":"Efforts","start":6855.4,"end":6855.82},{"text":"must","start":6855.82,"end":6856.16},{"text":"be","start":6856.16,"end":6856.28},{"text":"enhanced","start":6856.28,"end":6856.72},{"text":"to","start":6856.72,"end":6856.94},{"text":"prevent","start":6856.94,"end":6857.3},{"text":"the","start":6857.3,"end":6857.42},{"text":"diversion","start":6857.42,"end":6858.32},{"text":"of","start":6858.32,"end":6858.66},{"text":"arms","start":6858.66,"end":6858.94},{"text":"to","start":6858.94,"end":6859.32},{"text":"unauthorized","start":6859.32,"end":6859.98},{"text":"users","start":6859.98,"end":6860.48},{"text":"and","start":6860.48,"end":6861.36},{"text":"to","start":6861.36,"end":6861.42},{"text":"ensure","start":6861.42,"end":6861.96},{"text":"strict","start":6861.96,"end":6862.58},{"text":"adherence","start":6862.58,"end":6863.18},{"text":"to","start":6863.18,"end":6863.44},{"text":"arms","start":6863.44,"end":6863.78},{"text":"embargoes.","start":6863.78,"end":6864.22}]},{"text":"We should also increase international efforts to investigate and disrupt how terrorist groups and criminal organizations acquire sophisticated weapons, which are often sourced from illicit markets or entities seeking to destabilize our region.","start":6865.29,"end":6884.06,"topics":[{"key":"international-cooperation","label":"International Cooperation and Capacity Building","description":"States repeatedly called for stronger cross-border information sharing, technical assistance, and cooperation through UN mechanisms, Interpol, and regional processes. Capacity building for law enforcement, border officials, prosecutors, and forensic services was presented as essential for an effective response."},{"key":"illicit-trafficking","label":"Illicit Trafficking and Diversion","description":"Delegations linked emerging firearm technologies to broader trafficking and diversion challenges, including cross-border movement, illegal assembly, and unauthorized users. Some speakers also stressed that conventionally manufactured weapons diverted into illicit markets remain a major source of armed violence and must stay central to the discussion."},{"key":"criminal-terrorist-use","label":"Criminal, Terrorist, and Youth Use","description":"Speakers raised concern about the growing use of these weapons by organized crime, terrorists, and vulnerable youth. The discussion framed emerging technologies not only as a technical problem, but as a security threat connected to extortion, assassination, narcotics networks, and extremist violence."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":6865.29,"end":6865.386},{"text":"should","start":6865.386,"end":6865.562},{"text":"also","start":6865.611,"end":6866.06},{"text":"increase","start":6866.108,"end":6866.735},{"text":"international","start":6866.815,"end":6867.393},{"text":"efforts","start":6867.457,"end":6867.875},{"text":"to","start":6867.875,"end":6868.115},{"text":"investigate","start":6868.999,"end":6869.866},{"text":"and","start":6869.946,"end":6870.203},{"text":"disrupt","start":6870.203,"end":6870.685},{"text":"how","start":6870.685,"end":6870.861},{"text":"terrorist","start":6871.247,"end":6871.632},{"text":"groups","start":6871.632,"end":6871.969},{"text":"and","start":6872.114,"end":6872.338},{"text":"criminal","start":6872.435,"end":6872.836},{"text":"organizations","start":6872.836,"end":6873.543},{"text":"acquire","start":6874.137,"end":6874.618},{"text":"sophisticated","start":6874.618,"end":6875.453},{"text":"weapons,","start":6875.485,"end":6875.951},{"text":"which","start":6876.625,"end":6876.931},{"text":"are","start":6876.931,"end":6877.171},{"text":"often","start":6877.252,"end":6877.653},{"text":"sourced","start":6877.653,"end":6878.231},{"text":"from","start":6878.231,"end":6878.6},{"text":"illicit","start":6878.857,"end":6879.291},{"text":"markets","start":6879.355,"end":6879.949},{"text":"or","start":6880.624,"end":6880.672},{"text":"entities","start":6880.864,"end":6881.33},{"text":"seeking","start":6881.683,"end":6882.053},{"text":"to","start":6882.181,"end":6882.277},{"text":"destabilize","start":6882.727,"end":6883.417},{"text":"our","start":6883.674,"end":6883.755},{"text":"region.","start":6883.755,"end":6884.06}]},{"text":"We also wish to highlight challenges posed by new technologies in small arms and and light weapons manufacturing, such as 3D printing, ghost guns, and UAVs.","start":6885.296,"end":6895.902,"topics":[{"key":"three-d-printing","label":"3D-Printed Firearms","description":"Delegations discussed the rapid spread of additively manufactured firearms and parts, including hybrid weapons and conversion devices. Speakers stressed that these weapons are becoming easier to make, harder to regulate, and increasingly relevant to the implementation of the POA and the ITI."},{"key":"national-legislation","label":"National Regulatory Frameworks","description":"Many delegations described efforts to modernize domestic laws so they cover 3D printing, ghost guns, modular systems, and sensitive firearm parts. The discussion emphasized updating criminal offenses, import controls, licensing rules, and legal definitions to reflect technological change."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":6885.296,"end":6885.36},{"text":"also","start":6885.441,"end":6885.697},{"text":"wish","start":6885.697,"end":6885.81},{"text":"to","start":6885.938,"end":6886.035},{"text":"highlight","start":6886.083,"end":6886.581},{"text":"challenges","start":6886.581,"end":6887.03},{"text":"posed","start":6887.223,"end":6887.528},{"text":"by","start":6887.528,"end":6887.737},{"text":"new","start":6887.945,"end":6888.186},{"text":"technologies","start":6888.186,"end":6888.877},{"text":"in","start":6888.989,"end":6889.037},{"text":"small","start":6889.085,"end":6889.294},{"text":"arms","start":6889.294,"end":6889.439},{"text":"and","start":6889.535,"end":6889.872},{"text":"and","start":6889.68,"end":6889.792},{"text":"light","start":6889.792,"end":6890.032},{"text":"weapons","start":6890.032,"end":6890.401},{"text":"manufacturing,","start":6891.059,"end":6891.764},{"text":"such","start":6891.877,"end":6892.262},{"text":"as","start":6892.262,"end":6892.406},{"text":"3D","start":6892.759,"end":6893.079},{"text":"printing,","start":6893.16,"end":6893.528},{"text":"ghost","start":6894.122,"end":6894.443},{"text":"guns,","start":6894.443,"end":6894.779},{"text":"and","start":6894.988,"end":6895.052},{"text":"UAVs.","start":6895.469,"end":6895.902}]},{"text":"In this respect, we believe that there is need to share national experience in implementing robust legislative, regulatory, and enforcement mechanisms in marking, tracing, and record keeping.","start":6897.073,"end":6912.453,"topics":[{"key":"national-legislation","label":"National Regulatory Frameworks","description":"Many delegations described efforts to modernize domestic laws so they cover 3D printing, ghost guns, modular systems, and sensitive firearm parts. The discussion emphasized updating criminal offenses, import controls, licensing rules, and legal definitions to reflect technological change."},{"key":"firearm-marking","label":"Marking, Serialization, and Tracing","description":"A central topic was how to maintain durable, unique, and recoverable markings on polymer, modular, and privately manufactured firearms. Many interventions focused on serial numbers, essential components, obliterated markings, and how tracing standards should adapt to new materials and designs."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":6897.073,"end":6897.121},{"text":"this","start":6897.233,"end":6897.361},{"text":"respect,","start":6897.361,"end":6897.891},{"text":"we","start":6898.292,"end":6898.516},{"text":"believe","start":6898.516,"end":6898.885},{"text":"that","start":6898.933,"end":6899.222},{"text":"there","start":6899.254,"end":6899.478},{"text":"is","start":6899.478,"end":6899.542},{"text":"need","start":6899.655,"end":6899.911},{"text":"to","start":6899.911,"end":6900.024},{"text":"share","start":6900.04,"end":6900.441},{"text":"national","start":6900.441,"end":6900.938},{"text":"experience","start":6900.938,"end":6901.74},{"text":"in","start":6901.964,"end":6902.012},{"text":"implementing","start":6902.702,"end":6903.391},{"text":"robust","start":6903.728,"end":6904.338},{"text":"legislative,","start":6904.386,"end":6905.188},{"text":"regulatory,","start":6905.733,"end":6906.439},{"text":"and","start":6906.615,"end":6906.84},{"text":"enforcement","start":6907.016,"end":6907.754},{"text":"mechanisms","start":6907.754,"end":6908.443},{"text":"in","start":6909.101,"end":6909.149},{"text":"marking,","start":6909.261,"end":6909.726},{"text":"tracing,","start":6910.304,"end":6910.769},{"text":"and","start":6911.186,"end":6911.49},{"text":"record","start":6911.683,"end":6912.132},{"text":"keeping.","start":6912.164,"end":6912.453}]},{"text":"We would like to get more insight insights from panelists on the potential for best practices and international instruments on this important issue.","start":6913.832,"end":6924.219,"topics":[{"key":"international-cooperation","label":"International Cooperation and Capacity Building","description":"States repeatedly called for stronger cross-border information sharing, technical assistance, and cooperation through UN mechanisms, Interpol, and regional processes. Capacity building for law enforcement, border officials, prosecutors, and forensic services was presented as essential for an effective response."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":6913.832,"end":6913.992},{"text":"would","start":6913.992,"end":6914.249},{"text":"like","start":6914.249,"end":6914.473},{"text":"to","start":6914.473,"end":6914.57},{"text":"get","start":6914.57,"end":6914.826},{"text":"more","start":6914.826,"end":6915.003},{"text":"insight","start":6915.211,"end":6917.264},{"text":"insights","start":6915.452,"end":6915.757},{"text":"from","start":6915.757,"end":6916.062},{"text":"panelists","start":6916.094,"end":6916.527},{"text":"on","start":6916.8,"end":6917.025},{"text":"the","start":6917.057,"end":6917.202},{"text":"potential","start":6917.202,"end":6917.844},{"text":"for","start":6917.844,"end":6918.117},{"text":"best","start":6918.807,"end":6919.016},{"text":"practices","start":6919.064,"end":6919.675},{"text":"and","start":6920.012,"end":6920.236},{"text":"international","start":6921.393,"end":6921.971},{"text":"instruments","start":6922.179,"end":6922.918},{"text":"on","start":6923.062,"end":6923.207},{"text":"this","start":6923.319,"end":6923.544},{"text":"important","start":6923.544,"end":6924.026},{"text":"issue.","start":6924.026,"end":6924.219}]},{"text":"Thank you, Chair.","start":6925.086,"end":6925.567,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":6925.086,"end":6925.31},{"text":"you,","start":6925.31,"end":6925.342},{"text":"Chair.","start":6925.391,"end":6925.567}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"PAK","affiliation_full":"Pakistan","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":51,"paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of Pakistan for the intervention, and I will give the floor to the distinguished representative of Nigeria, to be followed by Morocco and then India.","start":6928.538,"end":6938.894,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":6928.538,"end":6928.554},{"text":"thank","start":6928.634,"end":6928.939},{"text":"the","start":6928.939,"end":6929.164},{"text":"distinguished","start":6929.164,"end":6929.63},{"text":"representative","start":6929.662,"end":6930.031},{"text":"of","start":6930.047,"end":6930.111},{"text":"Pakistan","start":6930.208,"end":6930.657},{"text":"for","start":6931.01,"end":6931.203},{"text":"the","start":6931.428,"end":6931.572},{"text":"intervention,","start":6931.572,"end":6932.199},{"text":"and","start":6932.215,"end":6932.359},{"text":"I","start":6932.488,"end":6932.536},{"text":"will","start":6933.114,"end":6933.419},{"text":"give","start":6933.596,"end":6933.772},{"text":"the","start":6933.82,"end":6933.901},{"text":"floor","start":6933.901,"end":6934.238},{"text":"to","start":6934.238,"end":6934.398},{"text":"the","start":6934.398,"end":6934.479},{"text":"distinguished","start":6934.479,"end":6935.041},{"text":"representative","start":6935.041,"end":6935.619},{"text":"of","start":6935.619,"end":6935.699},{"text":"Nigeria,","start":6935.699,"end":6936.229},{"text":"to","start":6936.245,"end":6936.405},{"text":"be","start":6936.405,"end":6936.486},{"text":"followed","start":6936.486,"end":6936.887},{"text":"by","start":6936.887,"end":6937.128},{"text":"Morocco","start":6937.433,"end":6937.995},{"text":"and","start":6938.075,"end":6938.172},{"text":"then","start":6938.236,"end":6938.364},{"text":"India.","start":6938.573,"end":6938.894}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Michael Imran Kanu","affiliation":"SLE","affiliation_full":"Sierra Leone","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":52,"paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Mr. Chair, allow me to congratulate you on your election and make the following remarks.","start":6943.47,"end":6951.499,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":6943.47,"end":6943.727},{"text":"Chair,","start":6943.792,"end":6944.048},{"text":"allow","start":6945.622,"end":6945.815},{"text":"me","start":6945.959,"end":6946.056},{"text":"to","start":6946.2,"end":6946.345},{"text":"congratulate","start":6946.345,"end":6947.019},{"text":"you","start":6947.067,"end":6947.179},{"text":"on","start":6947.324,"end":6947.452},{"text":"your","start":6947.468,"end":6947.645},{"text":"election","start":6947.645,"end":6948.175},{"text":"and","start":6949.636,"end":6949.765},{"text":"make","start":6949.797,"end":6950.07},{"text":"the","start":6950.198,"end":6950.246},{"text":"following","start":6950.278,"end":6950.744},{"text":"remarks.","start":6951.001,"end":6951.499}]},{"text":"Nigeria believes that developments in weapon design must not undermine the core obligations of the International Tracing Instrument.","start":6953.345,"end":6962.578,"topics":[{"key":"firearm-marking","label":"Marking, Serialization, and Tracing","description":"A central topic was how to maintain durable, unique, and recoverable markings on polymer, modular, and privately manufactured firearms. Many interventions focused on serial numbers, essential components, obliterated markings, and how tracing standards should adapt to new materials and designs."}],"words":[{"text":"Nigeria","start":6953.345,"end":6954.084},{"text":"believes","start":6954.309,"end":6954.919},{"text":"that","start":6954.935,"end":6955.208},{"text":"developments","start":6955.673,"end":6956.412},{"text":"in","start":6956.46,"end":6956.524},{"text":"weapon","start":6956.557,"end":6956.878},{"text":"design","start":6956.958,"end":6957.327},{"text":"must","start":6957.44,"end":6957.6},{"text":"not","start":6957.664,"end":6957.857},{"text":"undermine","start":6957.857,"end":6958.531},{"text":"the","start":6958.628,"end":6958.804},{"text":"core","start":6958.804,"end":6959.142},{"text":"obligations","start":6959.431,"end":6960.137},{"text":"of","start":6960.651,"end":6960.747},{"text":"the","start":6960.747,"end":6960.795},{"text":"International","start":6960.795,"end":6961.582},{"text":"Tracing","start":6961.614,"end":6961.903},{"text":"Instrument.","start":6962.16,"end":6962.578}]},{"text":"Regardless of whether weapons are manufactured with polymer components or modular designs, markings must remain durable, unique, recoverable, and capable of supporting effective tracing throughout the lifecycle of the weapon.","start":6963.525,"end":6978.344,"topics":[{"key":"firearm-marking","label":"Marking, Serialization, and Tracing","description":"A central topic was how to maintain durable, unique, and recoverable markings on polymer, modular, and privately manufactured firearms. Many interventions focused on serial numbers, essential components, obliterated markings, and how tracing standards should adapt to new materials and designs."}],"words":[{"text":"Regardless","start":6963.525,"end":6964.248},{"text":"of","start":6964.248,"end":6964.312},{"text":"whether","start":6964.408,"end":6964.713},{"text":"weapons","start":6964.745,"end":6965.243},{"text":"are","start":6965.372,"end":6965.404},{"text":"manufactured","start":6965.404,"end":6966.319},{"text":"with","start":6966.335,"end":6966.56},{"text":"polymer","start":6966.58,"end":6966.936},{"text":"components","start":6966.936,"end":6967.585},{"text":"or","start":6967.585,"end":6967.731},{"text":"modular","start":6967.747,"end":6968.233},{"text":"designs,","start":6968.233,"end":6968.817},{"text":"markings","start":6969.596,"end":6970.195},{"text":"must","start":6970.26,"end":6970.504},{"text":"remain","start":6970.504,"end":6970.795},{"text":"durable,","start":6970.893,"end":6971.395},{"text":"unique,","start":6972.437,"end":6972.615},{"text":"recoverable,","start":6972.631,"end":6973.165},{"text":"and","start":6973.262,"end":6973.391},{"text":"capable","start":6973.424,"end":6973.893},{"text":"of","start":6973.893,"end":6973.99},{"text":"supporting","start":6973.99,"end":6974.605},{"text":"effective","start":6975.042,"end":6975.625},{"text":"tracing","start":6975.673,"end":6976.062},{"text":"throughout","start":6976.175,"end":6976.563},{"text":"the","start":6976.563,"end":6976.644},{"text":"lifecycle","start":6976.725,"end":6977.421},{"text":"of","start":6977.874,"end":6978.02},{"text":"the","start":6978.02,"end":6978.085},{"text":"weapon.","start":6978.117,"end":6978.344}]},{"text":"States should therefore explore technical standards requiring permanent markings on essential components, including those components that determine the legal identity of the weapon.","start":6979.59,"end":6991.842,"topics":[{"key":"firearm-marking","label":"Marking, Serialization, and Tracing","description":"A central topic was how to maintain durable, unique, and recoverable markings on polymer, modular, and privately manufactured firearms. Many interventions focused on serial numbers, essential components, obliterated markings, and how tracing standards should adapt to new materials and designs."}],"words":[{"text":"States","start":6979.59,"end":6979.978},{"text":"should","start":6979.978,"end":6980.156},{"text":"therefore","start":6980.156,"end":6980.577},{"text":"explore","start":6980.625,"end":6980.981},{"text":"technical","start":6981.08,"end":6981.581},{"text":"standards","start":6981.581,"end":6982.213},{"text":"requiring","start":6982.828,"end":6983.346},{"text":"permanent","start":6983.54,"end":6984.01},{"text":"markings","start":6984.01,"end":6984.479},{"text":"on","start":6984.738,"end":6984.787},{"text":"essential","start":6984.851,"end":6985.467},{"text":"components,","start":6985.483,"end":6986.13},{"text":"including","start":6986.778,"end":6987.199},{"text":"those","start":6987.264,"end":6987.474},{"text":"components","start":6987.587,"end":6988.332},{"text":"that","start":6988.462,"end":6988.623},{"text":"determine","start":6988.623,"end":6989.174},{"text":"the","start":6989.271,"end":6989.886},{"text":"legal","start":6989.66,"end":6990.079},{"text":"identity","start":6990.079,"end":6990.667},{"text":"of","start":6991.271,"end":6991.338},{"text":"the","start":6991.355,"end":6991.456},{"text":"weapon.","start":6991.456,"end":6991.842}]},{"text":"For modular systems, markings should remain linked to all critical components to prevent substitution, concealment, or diversion.","start":6994.301,"end":7002.586,"topics":[{"key":"firearm-marking","label":"Marking, Serialization, and Tracing","description":"A central topic was how to maintain durable, unique, and recoverable markings on polymer, modular, and privately manufactured firearms. Many interventions focused on serial numbers, essential components, obliterated markings, and how tracing standards should adapt to new materials and designs."}],"words":[{"text":"For","start":6994.301,"end":6994.493},{"text":"modular","start":6994.493,"end":6994.926},{"text":"systems,","start":6994.926,"end":6995.583},{"text":"markings","start":6995.711,"end":6996.096},{"text":"should","start":6996.128,"end":6996.368},{"text":"remain","start":6996.368,"end":6996.657},{"text":"linked","start":6996.753,"end":6997.089},{"text":"to","start":6997.089,"end":6997.202},{"text":"all","start":6997.394,"end":6997.538},{"text":"critical","start":6997.57,"end":6998.147},{"text":"components","start":6998.596,"end":6999.253},{"text":"to","start":6999.253,"end":6999.333},{"text":"prevent","start":6999.333,"end":6999.733},{"text":"substitution,","start":6999.733,"end":7000.423},{"text":"concealment,","start":7001.015,"end":7001.801},{"text":"or","start":7001.897,"end":7001.993},{"text":"diversion.","start":7002.041,"end":7002.586}]},{"text":"Nigeria supports strengthened national regulatory frameworks governing the manufacture of firearms and critical components, enhanced monitoring of sensitive equipment and materials, and closer cooperation among law enforcement, customs, and forensic authorities.","start":7005.647,"end":7024.705,"topics":[{"key":"national-legislation","label":"National Regulatory Frameworks","description":"Many delegations described efforts to modernize domestic laws so they cover 3D printing, ghost guns, modular systems, and sensitive firearm parts. The discussion emphasized updating criminal offenses, import controls, licensing rules, and legal definitions to reflect technological change."},{"key":"international-cooperation","label":"International Cooperation and Capacity Building","description":"States repeatedly called for stronger cross-border information sharing, technical assistance, and cooperation through UN mechanisms, Interpol, and regional processes. Capacity building for law enforcement, border officials, prosecutors, and forensic services was presented as essential for an effective response."}],"words":[{"text":"Nigeria","start":7005.647,"end":7006.175},{"text":"supports","start":7006.4,"end":7006.929},{"text":"strengthened","start":7006.929,"end":7007.554},{"text":"national","start":7007.666,"end":7008.227},{"text":"regulatory","start":7008.227,"end":7008.723},{"text":"frameworks","start":7008.788,"end":7009.461},{"text":"governing","start":7009.733,"end":7010.294},{"text":"the","start":7010.294,"end":7010.454},{"text":"manufacture","start":7010.454,"end":7011.175},{"text":"of","start":7011.656,"end":7011.768},{"text":"firearms","start":7011.816,"end":7012.521},{"text":"and","start":7012.794,"end":7013.018},{"text":"critical","start":7013.018,"end":7013.483},{"text":"components,","start":7013.499,"end":7014.076},{"text":"enhanced","start":7014.781,"end":7015.358},{"text":"monitoring","start":7015.358,"end":7015.887},{"text":"of","start":7015.919,"end":7016.047},{"text":"sensitive","start":7016.079,"end":7016.56},{"text":"equipment","start":7016.56,"end":7017.056},{"text":"and","start":7017.104,"end":7017.201},{"text":"materials,","start":7017.201,"end":7017.649},{"text":"and","start":7018.724,"end":7018.852},{"text":"closer","start":7018.884,"end":7019.333},{"text":"cooperation","start":7019.349,"end":7019.926},{"text":"among","start":7019.926,"end":7020.375},{"text":"law","start":7020.632,"end":7020.76},{"text":"enforcement,","start":7020.872,"end":7021.674},{"text":"customs,","start":7022.075,"end":7022.54},{"text":"and","start":7022.957,"end":7023.454},{"text":"forensic","start":7023.47,"end":7024.032},{"text":"authorities.","start":7024.16,"end":7024.705}]},{"text":"Preventive measures should focus on disrupting illicit production while preserving the legitimate civilian, industrial, and research uses of emerging technologies.","start":7025.86,"end":7036.973,"topics":[{"key":"illicit-trafficking","label":"Illicit Trafficking and Diversion","description":"Delegations linked emerging firearm technologies to broader trafficking and diversion challenges, including cross-border movement, illegal assembly, and unauthorized users. Some speakers also stressed that conventionally manufactured weapons diverted into illicit markets remain a major source of armed violence and must stay central to the discussion."}],"words":[{"text":"Preventive","start":7025.86,"end":7026.469},{"text":"measures","start":7026.485,"end":7026.87},{"text":"should","start":7027.046,"end":7027.223},{"text":"focus","start":7027.239,"end":7027.8},{"text":"on","start":7027.8,"end":7027.912},{"text":"disrupting","start":7027.944,"end":7028.554},{"text":"illicit","start":7028.602,"end":7029.067},{"text":"production","start":7029.067,"end":7029.516},{"text":"while","start":7030.334,"end":7030.687},{"text":"preserving","start":7030.735,"end":7031.28},{"text":"the","start":7031.312,"end":7031.456},{"text":"legitimate","start":7031.456,"end":7032.178},{"text":"civilian,","start":7032.178,"end":7032.804},{"text":"industrial,","start":7032.836,"end":7033.798},{"text":"and","start":7034.102,"end":7034.215},{"text":"research","start":7034.263,"end":7034.648},{"text":"uses","start":7034.68,"end":7035.129},{"text":"of","start":7035.482,"end":7035.61},{"text":"emerging","start":7035.722,"end":7036.171},{"text":"technologies.","start":7036.299,"end":7036.973}]},{"text":"Thank you, Mr. Chair.","start":7037.807,"end":7038.721,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":7037.807,"end":7038.112},{"text":"you,","start":7038.112,"end":7038.16},{"text":"Mr.","start":7038.288,"end":7038.512},{"text":"Chair.","start":7038.593,"end":7038.721}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"NGA","affiliation_full":"Nigeria","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":53,"paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of Nigeria for the intervention.","start":7041.078,"end":7045.393,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":7041.078,"end":7041.094},{"text":"thank","start":7041.094,"end":7041.335},{"text":"the","start":7041.335,"end":7041.479},{"text":"distinguished","start":7041.479,"end":7041.928},{"text":"representative","start":7041.928,"end":7042.361},{"text":"of","start":7042.361,"end":7042.473},{"text":"Nigeria","start":7042.473,"end":7043.099},{"text":"for","start":7043.099,"end":7043.596},{"text":"the","start":7043.74,"end":7043.853},{"text":"intervention.","start":7044.703,"end":7045.393}]},{"text":"I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Morocco, to be followed by India, the last speaker on the list.","start":7046.228,"end":7052.507,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":7046.228,"end":7046.244},{"text":"now","start":7046.244,"end":7046.389},{"text":"give","start":7046.533,"end":7046.646},{"text":"the","start":7046.694,"end":7046.79},{"text":"floor","start":7046.79,"end":7047.176},{"text":"to","start":7047.176,"end":7047.288},{"text":"the","start":7047.288,"end":7047.352},{"text":"distinguished","start":7047.368,"end":7047.979},{"text":"representative","start":7047.979,"end":7048.46},{"text":"of","start":7048.46,"end":7048.492},{"text":"Morocco,","start":7048.492,"end":7049.119},{"text":"to","start":7049.263,"end":7049.359},{"text":"be","start":7049.359,"end":7049.44},{"text":"followed","start":7049.44,"end":7049.825},{"text":"by","start":7049.825,"end":7050.066},{"text":"India,","start":7050.146,"end":7051.447},{"text":"the","start":7051.591,"end":7051.688},{"text":"last","start":7051.688,"end":7051.8},{"text":"speaker","start":7051.8,"end":7052.073},{"text":"on","start":7052.073,"end":7052.105},{"text":"the","start":7052.105,"end":7052.25},{"text":"list.","start":7052.25,"end":7052.507}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Michael Imran Kanu","affiliation":"SLE","affiliation_full":"Sierra Leone","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":54,"paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Chair.","start":7057.532,"end":7058.11,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":7057.532,"end":7057.661},{"text":"you,","start":7057.693,"end":7057.773},{"text":"Chair.","start":7057.789,"end":7058.11}]},{"text":"Allow me, first of all, to warmly congratulate you, as well as Sierra Leone, on your election to chair this technical group.","start":7059.62,"end":7069.687,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Allow","start":7059.62,"end":7059.812},{"text":"me,","start":7059.877,"end":7060.214},{"text":"first","start":7060.439,"end":7060.856},{"text":"of","start":7060.856,"end":7061.081},{"text":"all,","start":7061.081,"end":7061.209},{"text":"to","start":7061.787,"end":7062.124},{"text":"warmly","start":7062.365,"end":7062.815},{"text":"congratulate","start":7063.008,"end":7063.826},{"text":"you,","start":7063.891,"end":7064.099},{"text":"as","start":7065.079,"end":7065.834},{"text":"well","start":7065.898,"end":7066.283},{"text":"as","start":7066.299,"end":7066.347},{"text":"Sierra","start":7066.46,"end":7066.861},{"text":"Leone,","start":7066.861,"end":7067.311},{"text":"on","start":7067.728,"end":7068.033},{"text":"your","start":7068.13,"end":7068.242},{"text":"election","start":7068.242,"end":7068.579},{"text":"to","start":7068.611,"end":7068.692},{"text":"chair","start":7068.692,"end":7068.868},{"text":"this","start":7068.868,"end":7068.997},{"text":"technical","start":7069.109,"end":7069.51},{"text":"group.","start":7069.51,"end":7069.687}]},{"text":"Morocco would like to assure you, Your Excellency, that you have our full support and full cooperation throughout our work.","start":7069.9,"end":7077.159,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Morocco","start":7069.9,"end":7070.58},{"text":"would","start":7070.58,"end":7070.78},{"text":"like","start":7070.78,"end":7071.08},{"text":"to","start":7071.08,"end":7071.24},{"text":"assure","start":7071.24,"end":7071.74},{"text":"you,","start":7071.74,"end":7071.98},{"text":"Your","start":7071.98,"end":7072.08},{"text":"Excellency,","start":7072.08,"end":7072.58},{"text":"that","start":7072.58,"end":7072.64},{"text":"you","start":7072.64,"end":7072.7},{"text":"have","start":7072.7,"end":7072.84},{"text":"our","start":7072.84,"end":7073},{"text":"full","start":7073,"end":7073.14},{"text":"support","start":7073.14,"end":7073.78},{"text":"and","start":7073.78,"end":7074.13},{"text":"full","start":7074.959,"end":7075.239},{"text":"cooperation","start":7075.239,"end":7075.999},{"text":"throughout","start":7075.999,"end":7076.499},{"text":"our","start":7076.499,"end":7076.76},{"text":"work.","start":7076.76,"end":7077.159}]},{"text":"I would also like to thank the panelists for their extremely rich presentations.","start":7078.42,"end":7085.97,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":7078.42,"end":7078.64},{"text":"would","start":7078.64,"end":7078.8},{"text":"also","start":7078.8,"end":7079.28},{"text":"like","start":7079.28,"end":7079.759},{"text":"to","start":7079.759,"end":7080.28},{"text":"thank","start":7080.28,"end":7080.679},{"text":"the","start":7080.679,"end":7080.9},{"text":"panelists","start":7080.9,"end":7081.4},{"text":"for","start":7081.4,"end":7082.24},{"text":"their","start":7082.24,"end":7083.019},{"text":"extremely","start":7083.019,"end":7083.439},{"text":"rich","start":7083.439,"end":7084.019},{"text":"presentations.","start":7084.019,"end":7085.97}]},{"text":"Current developments pose concrete challenges for trust— traceability and control of small arms and light weapons, and it's in this context that national legislatures legislation requires the imposition of serial numbers and normalized and standardized marking for manufacturers to guarantee strict traceability for firearms.","start":7086.38,"end":7107.91,"topics":[{"key":"national-legislation","label":"National Regulatory Frameworks","description":"Many delegations described efforts to modernize domestic laws so they cover 3D printing, ghost guns, modular systems, and sensitive firearm parts. The discussion emphasized updating criminal offenses, import controls, licensing rules, and legal definitions to reflect technological change."},{"key":"firearm-marking","label":"Marking, Serialization, and Tracing","description":"A central topic was how to maintain durable, unique, and recoverable markings on polymer, modular, and privately manufactured firearms. Many interventions focused on serial numbers, essential components, obliterated markings, and how tracing standards should adapt to new materials and designs."}],"words":[{"text":"Current","start":7086.38,"end":7086.66},{"text":"developments","start":7086.66,"end":7087.6},{"text":"pose","start":7087.6,"end":7088.2},{"text":"concrete","start":7088.2,"end":7088.76},{"text":"challenges","start":7088.76,"end":7089.4},{"text":"for","start":7089.4,"end":7089.92},{"text":"trust—","start":7089.92,"end":7090.58},{"text":"traceability","start":7090.69,"end":7091.24},{"text":"and","start":7091.24,"end":7091.82},{"text":"control","start":7091.82,"end":7092.36},{"text":"of","start":7092.36,"end":7092.58},{"text":"small","start":7092.58,"end":7092.74},{"text":"arms","start":7092.74,"end":7092.96},{"text":"and","start":7092.96,"end":7093.08},{"text":"light","start":7093.08,"end":7093.22},{"text":"weapons,","start":7093.22,"end":7093.54},{"text":"and","start":7093.54,"end":7093.7},{"text":"it's","start":7093.7,"end":7093.84},{"text":"in","start":7093.84,"end":7093.94},{"text":"this","start":7093.94,"end":7094.12},{"text":"context","start":7094.12,"end":7094.74},{"text":"that","start":7094.74,"end":7095.08},{"text":"national","start":7095.08,"end":7095.46},{"text":"legislatures","start":7095.46,"end":7095.84},{"text":"legislation","start":7095.85,"end":7096.35},{"text":"requires","start":7096.35,"end":7098.17},{"text":"the","start":7098.17,"end":7098.43},{"text":"imposition","start":7098.43,"end":7098.91},{"text":"of","start":7098.91,"end":7099.27},{"text":"serial","start":7099.27,"end":7100.229},{"text":"numbers","start":7100.229,"end":7100.689},{"text":"and","start":7100.689,"end":7101.609},{"text":"normalized","start":7101.609,"end":7101.63},{"text":"and","start":7101.63,"end":7101.63},{"text":"standardized","start":7101.63,"end":7102.409},{"text":"marking","start":7102.409,"end":7103.05},{"text":"for","start":7103.05,"end":7103.35},{"text":"manufacturers","start":7103.35,"end":7104.03},{"text":"to","start":7104.03,"end":7104.27},{"text":"guarantee","start":7104.27,"end":7104.73},{"text":"strict","start":7104.73,"end":7105.29},{"text":"traceability","start":7105.29,"end":7106.17},{"text":"for","start":7106.17,"end":7106.51},{"text":"firearms.","start":7106.51,"end":7107.91}]},{"text":"I'd also like to pick up on some— on polymer weapons and discussion of that.","start":7108.31,"end":7113.37,"topics":[{"key":"firearm-marking","label":"Marking, Serialization, and Tracing","description":"A central topic was how to maintain durable, unique, and recoverable markings on polymer, modular, and privately manufactured firearms. 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give the floor to the distinguished representative of India.","start":7233.87,"end":7236.46,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":7233.87,"end":7233.95},{"text":"now","start":7233.95,"end":7234.15},{"text":"give","start":7234.15,"end":7234.25},{"text":"the","start":7234.25,"end":7234.549},{"text":"floor","start":7234.549,"end":7234.69},{"text":"to","start":7234.69,"end":7234.849},{"text":"the","start":7234.849,"end":7234.99},{"text":"distinguished","start":7234.99,"end":7235.37},{"text":"representative","start":7235.37,"end":7235.83},{"text":"of","start":7235.83,"end":7236.009},{"text":"India.","start":7236.009,"end":7236.46}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Michael Imran Kanu","affiliation":"SLE","affiliation_full":"Sierra Leone","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":56,"paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"At the very outset, we thank the panelists for their enlightening views on the subject, and we also respect and appreciate the views of all the representatives who've 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from the technical point of view, uh, we look at 3 or 4 issues which pertain to this session as 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that would be polymer frames and modular weapons, 3D printing of weapons, and blueprint proliferation.","start":7266.895,"end":7274.972,"topics":[{"key":"firearm-marking","label":"Marking, Serialization, and Tracing","description":"A central topic was how to maintain durable, unique, and recoverable markings on polymer, modular, and privately manufactured firearms. Many interventions focused on serial numbers, essential components, obliterated markings, and how tracing standards should adapt to new materials and designs."},{"key":"three-d-printing","label":"3D-Printed Firearms","description":"Delegations discussed the rapid spread of additively manufactured firearms and parts, including hybrid weapons and conversion devices. Speakers stressed that these weapons are becoming easier to make, harder to regulate, and increasingly relevant to the implementation of the POA and the ITI."},{"key":"digital-blueprints","label":"Digital Blueprints and Online Dissemination","description":"Several speakers highlighted the role of digital design files, manuals, and online communities in enabling illicit firearm production. 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Many interventions focused on serial numbers, essential components, obliterated markings, and how tracing standards should adapt to new materials and designs."}],"words":[{"text":"Uh,","start":7276.59,"end":7276.606},{"text":"coming","start":7276.687,"end":7276.895},{"text":"to","start":7276.927,"end":7277.071},{"text":"the","start":7277.071,"end":7277.167},{"text":"first,","start":7277.167,"end":7277.568},{"text":"that","start":7277.792,"end":7277.953},{"text":"is","start":7277.953,"end":7278.097},{"text":"polymer","start":7278.289,"end":7278.722},{"text":"frames","start":7278.754,"end":7279.17},{"text":"and","start":7279.395,"end":7279.539},{"text":"modular","start":7279.972,"end":7280.373},{"text":"weapons.","start":7280.373,"end":7280.822}]},{"text":"These have been initiated by the security forces and police forces, uh, for reasons well known of making the weapon light and interchangeability.","start":7281.336,"end":7293.368,"topics":[{"key":"national-legislation","label":"National Regulatory Frameworks","description":"Many delegations described efforts to modernize domestic laws so they cover 3D printing, ghost guns, modular systems, and sensitive firearm parts. 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Many interventions focused on serial numbers, essential components, obliterated markings, and how tracing standards should adapt to new materials and designs."},{"key":"forensic-technologies","label":"Forensic Technologies and Data Systems","description":"A recurring issue was the need for better forensic tools to recover obliterated serial numbers, compare ballistic evidence, and identify emerging threats. 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Capacity building for law enforcement, border officials, prosecutors, and forensic services was presented as essential for an effective response."}],"words":[{"text":"To","start":7442.209,"end":7442.209},{"text":"conclude,","start":7442.209,"end":7443.35},{"text":"we","start":7443.35,"end":7443.39},{"text":"look","start":7443.39,"end":7443.63},{"text":"forward","start":7443.63,"end":7444.01},{"text":"to","start":7444.01,"end":7444.189},{"text":"more","start":7444.189,"end":7444.41},{"text":"info-sharing","start":7444.41,"end":7445.25},{"text":"amongst","start":7445.25,"end":7445.85},{"text":"member","start":7445.99,"end":7446.65},{"text":"states","start":7446.65,"end":7446.99},{"text":"to","start":7446.99,"end":7447.49},{"text":"counter","start":7447.49,"end":7447.87},{"text":"this","start":7447.87,"end":7448.17},{"text":"imminent","start":7448.17,"end":7448.59},{"text":"threat.","start":7448.59,"end":7449.64}]},{"text":"Thank you, Chair.","start":7449.81,"end":7450.57,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":7449.81,"end":7449.87},{"text":"you,","start":7449.87,"end":7450.07},{"text":"Chair.","start":7450.07,"end":7450.57}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"IND","affiliation_full":"India","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":57,"paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of India for the intervention, and I believe some questions as 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intervention.","start":7461.512,"end":7462.428,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":7461.512,"end":7461.625},{"text":"the","start":7461.737,"end":7461.801},{"text":"intervention.","start":7461.801,"end":7462.428}]},{"text":"Distinguished delegates, dear colleagues, I see no further requests for the floor.","start":7464.146,"end":7468.981,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Distinguished","start":7464.146,"end":7464.516},{"text":"delegates,","start":7464.548,"end":7464.917},{"text":"dear","start":7464.949,"end":7465.126},{"text":"colleagues,","start":7465.126,"end":7465.48},{"text":"I","start":7465.656,"end":7465.704},{"text":"see","start":7465.769,"end":7466.17},{"text":"no","start":7466.251,"end":7466.459},{"text":"further","start":7466.459,"end":7466.765},{"text":"requests","start":7466.781,"end":7468.242},{"text":"for","start":7468.242,"end":7468.403},{"text":"the","start":7468.403,"end":7468.483},{"text":"floor.","start":7468.483,"end":7468.981}]},{"text":"Firstly, let me take this opportunity to thank you for your very kind words directed to me as Chair in my election and to my country in terms of prioritization of this issue and certainly to the panel for their contributions this 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am informed that we have Mr. Das online because some questions have been directed to him, and certainly we have Dr. Kien here with us in the 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questions, but apologies if I didn't quite capture all of them in my 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Bolton-King","affiliation":null,"affiliation_full":null,"group":null,"function":"Associate Professor of Forensic Science"}},{"statement_number":61,"paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you so much, Dr. Bolton-Kean, really for your excellent note-taking and for your comprehensive responses to the questions that were posed by our distinguished 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you, and you have the floor, Mr. Das.","start":8951.329,"end":8953.994,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":8951.329,"end":8951.521},{"text":"you,","start":8951.521,"end":8951.666},{"text":"and","start":8952.067,"end":8952.533},{"text":"you","start":8952.533,"end":8952.613},{"text":"have","start":8952.613,"end":8952.71},{"text":"the","start":8952.71,"end":8952.79},{"text":"floor,","start":8952.79,"end":8953.143},{"text":"Mr.","start":8953.576,"end":8953.705},{"text":"Das.","start":8953.753,"end":8953.994}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Michael Imran Kanu","affiliation":"SLE","affiliation_full":"Sierra Leone","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":62,"paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you very much, Chair.","start":8954.347,"end":8958.152,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":8954.347,"end":8956.386},{"text":"you","start":8956.386,"end":8956.466},{"text":"very","start":8956.466,"end":8956.611},{"text":"much,","start":8956.643,"end":8956.836},{"text":"Chair.","start":8957.189,"end":8958.152}]},{"text":"Also, thank you very much to Dr. Rachel for covering quite a lot of 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there were cases reported in Antigua, in Haiti, and also in Trinidad and Tobago.","start":9023.377,"end":9031.611,"topics":[{"key":"three-d-printing","label":"3D-Printed Firearms","description":"Delegations discussed the rapid spread of additively manufactured firearms and parts, including hybrid weapons and conversion devices. 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I think that was all the questions that were directed to me.","start":9320.76,"end":9330.74,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":9320.76,"end":9321.66},{"text":"I","start":9323.72,"end":9323.72},{"text":"think","start":9323.72,"end":9324.04},{"text":"that","start":9324.04,"end":9324.72},{"text":"was","start":9324.72,"end":9325.38},{"text":"all","start":9325.38,"end":9327.66},{"text":"the","start":9327.66,"end":9327.82},{"text":"questions","start":9327.82,"end":9328.36},{"text":"that","start":9328.36,"end":9328.62},{"text":"were","start":9328.62,"end":9328.94},{"text":"directed","start":9328.94,"end":9329.459},{"text":"to","start":9329.459,"end":9329.86},{"text":"me.","start":9329.86,"end":9330.74}]},{"text":"I hope I didn't miss out on anything.","start":9330.74,"end":9333.96,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":9330.74,"end":9331.26},{"text":"hope","start":9331.26,"end":9331.399},{"text":"I","start":9331.399,"end":9331.54},{"text":"didn't","start":9331.54,"end":9331.86},{"text":"miss","start":9331.86,"end":9332.819},{"text":"out","start":9332.819,"end":9333.02},{"text":"on","start":9333.02,"end":9333.16},{"text":"anything.","start":9333.16,"end":9333.96}]},{"text":"I'm happy to address anything else that I missed 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you.","start":9348.79,"end":9352.27,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"For","start":9348.79,"end":9348.79},{"text":"your","start":9348.79,"end":9349.27},{"text":"responses","start":9349.27,"end":9349.27},{"text":"to","start":9349.27,"end":9349.75},{"text":"the","start":9349.75,"end":9350.07},{"text":"questions","start":9350.07,"end":9350.55},{"text":"that","start":9350.55,"end":9350.73},{"text":"were","start":9350.73,"end":9350.89},{"text":"directed","start":9350.89,"end":9351.23},{"text":"to","start":9351.23,"end":9351.47},{"text":"you.","start":9351.47,"end":9352.27}]},{"text":"I believe that we've covered the range of questions according to my note that have been asked by distinguished delegates.","start":9353.21,"end":9362.12,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":9353.21,"end":9353.21},{"text":"believe","start":9353.21,"end":9353.53},{"text":"that","start":9353.53,"end":9354.23},{"text":"we've","start":9354.23,"end":9354.549},{"text":"covered","start":9354.549,"end":9354.929},{"text":"the","start":9354.929,"end":9355.11},{"text":"range","start":9355.11,"end":9355.469},{"text":"of","start":9355.469,"end":9355.69},{"text":"questions","start":9355.69,"end":9356.25},{"text":"according","start":9356.25,"end":9356.89},{"text":"to","start":9356.89,"end":9357.09},{"text":"my","start":9357.09,"end":9357.27},{"text":"note","start":9357.27,"end":9357.95},{"text":"that","start":9357.95,"end":9358.31},{"text":"have","start":9358.31,"end":9358.47},{"text":"been","start":9358.47,"end":9358.63},{"text":"asked","start":9358.63,"end":9359.17},{"text":"by","start":9359.17,"end":9360.09},{"text":"distinguished","start":9360.09,"end":9360.77},{"text":"delegates.","start":9360.77,"end":9362.12}]},{"text":"I'm looking at the clock.","start":9362.43,"end":9363.52,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I'm","start":9362.43,"end":9362.489},{"text":"looking","start":9362.489,"end":9362.67},{"text":"at","start":9362.67,"end":9362.85},{"text":"the","start":9362.85,"end":9363.069},{"text":"clock.","start":9363.069,"end":9363.52}]},{"text":"We still have about 15 minutes, so still opportunity to have some reactions if possible, but it will be very limited reactions, otherwise we go over the Clock 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the responses that you may have had, or if indeed there is a burning question which was not responded to.","start":9375.941,"end":9383.809,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"from","start":9375.941,"end":9376.23},{"text":"the","start":9376.262,"end":9376.519},{"text":"responses","start":9376.519,"end":9377.386},{"text":"that","start":9377.386,"end":9377.547},{"text":"you","start":9377.547,"end":9377.595},{"text":"may","start":9377.707,"end":9377.868},{"text":"have","start":9377.868,"end":9377.948},{"text":"had,","start":9377.964,"end":9378.221},{"text":"or","start":9378.911,"end":9379.024},{"text":"if","start":9379.152,"end":9379.281},{"text":"indeed","start":9379.73,"end":9380.26},{"text":"there","start":9380.292,"end":9380.437},{"text":"is","start":9380.437,"end":9380.501},{"text":"a","start":9380.533,"end":9380.549},{"text":"burning","start":9380.694,"end":9380.983},{"text":"question","start":9381.015,"end":9381.545},{"text":"which","start":9381.561,"end":9381.786},{"text":"was","start":9382.765,"end":9382.877},{"text":"not","start":9382.926,"end":9383.086},{"text":"responded","start":9383.086,"end":9383.6},{"text":"to.","start":9383.648,"end":9383.809}]},{"text":"So I will look around to see if— And as well, no further reaction from— from our distinguished panel member here, Dr. 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there is no further requests for the floor, we thanks— many thanks to our panelists.","start":9522.15,"end":9527.65,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"If","start":9522.15,"end":9522.65},{"text":"there","start":9522.65,"end":9522.85},{"text":"is","start":9522.85,"end":9522.95},{"text":"no","start":9522.95,"end":9523.13},{"text":"further","start":9523.13,"end":9523.57},{"text":"requests","start":9523.57,"end":9524.13},{"text":"for","start":9524.13,"end":9524.81},{"text":"the","start":9524.81,"end":9525.15},{"text":"floor,","start":9525.15,"end":9525.69},{"text":"we","start":9525.69,"end":9525.69},{"text":"thanks—","start":9525.69,"end":9526.45},{"text":"many","start":9526.45,"end":9526.45},{"text":"thanks","start":9526.45,"end":9526.77},{"text":"to","start":9526.77,"end":9526.99},{"text":"our","start":9526.99,"end":9527.21},{"text":"panelists.","start":9527.21,"end":9527.65}]},{"text":"Dr. Rachel Bolton-Kean, Mr. Das, and then Ms. Samantha Allen, and of course to our colleagues in the 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Many interventions focused on serial numbers, essential components, obliterated markings, and how tracing standards should adapt to new materials and designs."},{"key":"three-d-printing","label":"3D-Printed Firearms","description":"Delegations discussed the rapid spread of additively manufactured firearms and parts, including hybrid weapons and conversion devices. Speakers stressed that these weapons are becoming easier to make, harder to regulate, and increasingly relevant to the implementation of the POA and the ITI."},{"key":"digital-blueprints","label":"Digital Blueprints and Online Dissemination","description":"Several speakers highlighted the role of digital design files, manuals, and online communities in enabling illicit firearm production. 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