{"disclaimer":"Transcripts available through this tool are created by using automatic speech recognition and are not official records nor official documents of the United Nations. Official records and official documents are available on the Official Document System of the United Nations.","url":"https://transcripts.un.org/ar/ga/c1/80/17?lang=en","llms":{"note":"Plain-text sibling of this page, compact for LLM context. For the full API guide (search, listing, URL grammar) see /llms.txt.","textUrl":"/ar/ga/c1/80/17.txt","guide":"/llms.txt"},"video":{"id":"k1y/k1y207onif","kaltura_id":"1_y207onif","title":"اللجنة الأولى، الجلسة العامة 17 – الجمعية العامة، الدورة 80","clean_title":"اللجنة الأولى، الجلسة العامة 17 – الجمعية العامة، الدورة 80","url":"https://webtv.un.org/en/asset/k1y/k1y207onif","date":"2025-10-27T00:00:00.000Z","scheduled_time":"2025-10-27T14:00:00.000Z","status":"finished","duration":"02:51:03","category":"الجمعية العامة","body":"First Committee","event_code":null,"event_type":null,"session_number":"17th plenary meeting","pv_symbol":"A/C.1/80/PV.17","pv_part":1,"slug":"ga/c1/80/17"},"metadata":{"summary":"Disarmament and International Security Committee.","description":"Thematic discussion on specific subjects and introduction and consideration of all draft resolutions and decisions submitted under agenda items (from 90 to 106)\nA/C.1/80/L.1, A/C.1/80/L.2, A/C.1/80/L.3, A/C.1/80/L.4, A/C.1/80/L.5, A/C.1/80/L.6, A/C.1/80/L.7, A/C.1/80/L.8, A/C.1/80/L.10, A/C.1/80/L.11, A/C.1/80/L.12, A/C.1/80/L.13, A/C.1/80/L.14, A/C.1/80/L.15, A/C.1/80/L.16, A/C.1/80/L.17, A/C.1/80/L.18, A/C.1/80/L.20, A/C.1/80/L.21, A/C.1/80/L.22, A/C.1/80/L.23, A/C.1/80/L.24, A/C.1/80/L.26, A/C.1/80/L.27, A/C.1/80/L.28, A/C.1/80/L.29, A/C.1/80/L.30, A/C.1/80/L.31, A/C.1/80/L.32, A/C.1/80/L.33, A/C.1/80/L.34, A/C.1/80/L.35, A/C.1/80/L.36, A/C.1/80/L.37, A/C.1/80/L.38, A/C.1/80/L.39, A/C.1/80/L.40, A/C.1/80/L.41, A/C.1/80/L.42, A/C.1/80/L.43, A/C.1/80/L.44, A/C.1/80/L.45, A/C.1/80/L.46, A/C.1/80/L.47, A/C.1/80/L.48, A/C.1/80/L.63","categories":["Meetings & Events","General Assembly","80th Session","First Committee"],"geographic_subject":[],"subject_topical":["DISARMAMENT","INTERNATIONAL PEACE AND SECURITY","PEACE AND SECURITY","ARMS CONTROL","OUTER SPACE","NUCLEAR WEAPONS","WORKING GROUPS"],"corporate_name":["FIRST COMMITTEE - DISARMAMENT AND INTERNATIONAL SECURITY"],"speaker_affiliation":[],"related_documents":[{"title":"First Committee website","url":"https://www.un.org/en/ga/first/"}]},"transcript":{"transcript_id":"azure-llm-speech-db0d1045-4b35-45f1-88d9-b914b6c45493","language":"en","data":[{"statement_number":1,"start":5.83,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c1/80/17?lang=en&t=6","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"The 17th meeting of the Disarmament and International Security Committee, the first committee of the 80th session of the General Assembly, is called to order.","start":5.83,"end":14.55,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":5.83,"end":5.95},{"text":"17th","start":5.95,"end":6.47},{"text":"meeting","start":6.47,"end":6.95},{"text":"of","start":6.95,"end":7.03},{"text":"the","start":7.03,"end":7.11},{"text":"Disarmament","start":7.11,"end":7.91},{"text":"and","start":7.91,"end":8.07},{"text":"International","start":8.07,"end":8.63},{"text":"Security","start":8.63,"end":9.11},{"text":"Committee,","start":9.11,"end":9.75},{"text":"the","start":9.75,"end":9.83},{"text":"first","start":9.91,"end":10.15},{"text":"committee","start":10.15,"end":10.79},{"text":"of","start":10.79,"end":10.95},{"text":"the","start":10.95,"end":11.03},{"text":"80th","start":11.03,"end":11.47},{"text":"session","start":11.47,"end":11.99},{"text":"of","start":11.99,"end":12.15},{"text":"the","start":12.15,"end":12.27},{"text":"General","start":12.27,"end":12.63},{"text":"Assembly,","start":12.63,"end":13.11},{"text":"is","start":13.11,"end":13.35},{"text":"called","start":13.35,"end":13.79},{"text":"to","start":13.79,"end":14.07},{"text":"order.","start":14.07,"end":14.55}]},{"text":"The committee will now continue its thematic discussion under the cluster on outer space.","start":18.15,"end":23.11,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":18.15,"end":18.27},{"text":"committee","start":18.27,"end":18.63},{"text":"will","start":18.63,"end":18.79},{"text":"now","start":18.79,"end":18.95},{"text":"continue","start":18.95,"end":19.59},{"text":"its","start":19.59,"end":19.99},{"text":"thematic","start":19.99,"end":20.43},{"text":"discussion","start":20.43,"end":21.03},{"text":"under","start":21.03,"end":21.23},{"text":"the","start":21.23,"end":21.31},{"text":"cluster","start":21.31,"end":21.83},{"text":"on","start":21.83,"end":22.07},{"text":"outer","start":22.15,"end":22.55},{"text":"space.","start":22.55,"end":23.11}]},{"text":"Before I open the floor, I would like to inform delegations that 33 speakers remain on the list of 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envisaged by the programme of work, in time permitting, we will immediately begin consideration of the cluster on other disarmament measures and international security, originally scheduled for this afternoon.","start":32.39,"end":50.79,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Should","start":32.39,"end":32.67},{"text":"the","start":32.71,"end":32.87},{"text":"Committee","start":32.87,"end":33.27},{"text":"complete","start":33.27,"end":33.91},{"text":"consideration","start":33.91,"end":34.71},{"text":"of","start":34.71,"end":34.79},{"text":"the","start":34.79,"end":34.95},{"text":"cluster","start":34.95,"end":35.43},{"text":"this","start":35.43,"end":35.59},{"text":"morning,","start":35.59,"end":36.15},{"text":"as","start":36.15,"end":36.47},{"text":"envisaged","start":36.47,"end":37.27},{"text":"by","start":37.27,"end":37.43},{"text":"the","start":37.43,"end":37.55},{"text":"programme","start":37.55,"end":37.95},{"text":"of","start":37.95,"end":38.03},{"text":"work,","start":38.03,"end":38.47},{"text":"in","start":39.43,"end":39.67},{"text":"time","start":39.67,"end":39.99},{"text":"permitting,","start":39.99,"end":40.63},{"text":"we","start":40.79,"end":41.03},{"text":"will","start":41.03,"end":41.27},{"text":"immediately","start":41.27,"end":41.99},{"text":"begin","start":41.99,"end":42.47},{"text":"consideration","start":42.47,"end":43.43},{"text":"of","start":43.51,"end":43.67},{"text":"the","start":43.67,"end":43.75},{"text":"cluster","start":43.75,"end":44.23},{"text":"on","start":44.23,"end":44.47},{"text":"other","start":44.55,"end":44.87},{"text":"disarmament","start":44.87,"end":45.51},{"text":"measures","start":45.51,"end":45.99},{"text":"and","start":46.39,"end":46.71},{"text":"international","start":46.71,"end":47.39},{"text":"security,","start":47.39,"end":47.99},{"text":"originally","start":48.07,"end":48.87},{"text":"scheduled","start":48.87,"end":49.47},{"text":"for","start":49.59,"end":49.87},{"text":"this","start":49.87,"end":50.15},{"text":"afternoon.","start":50.15,"end":50.79}]},{"text":"The first speaker on the list of speakers is the His Excellency, the Permanent Representative of Guinea-Bissau, on behalf of the African 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development.","start":87.37,"end":105.83,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-space-use","label":"Peaceful Use of Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space is a global commons or common heritage of humankind and must be used exclusively for peaceful purposes. 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Speakers discussed banning the placement of weapons in space, prohibiting attacks on space objects, and using the Conference on Disarmament and the OEWG to advance treaty language."},{"key":"peaceful-space-use","label":"Peaceful Use of Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space is a global commons or common heritage of humankind and must be used exclusively for peaceful purposes. They linked this principle to non-appropriation, equal access, and the obligation to preserve space for the benefit of all states and future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":106.87,"end":106.99},{"text":"group","start":106.99,"end":107.35},{"text":"emphasizes","start":107.35,"end":108.23},{"text":"the","start":108.95,"end":109.07},{"text":"urgency","start":109.11,"end":109.71},{"text":"of","start":109.71,"end":109.79},{"text":"preventing","start":109.79,"end":110.43},{"text":"an","start":110.43,"end":110.55},{"text":"arms","start":110.55,"end":110.87},{"text":"race","start":110.87,"end":111.19},{"text":"in","start":111.19,"end":111.27},{"text":"outer","start":111.27,"end":111.59},{"text":"space","start":111.59,"end":112.15},{"text":"through","start":112.87,"end":113.27},{"text":"a","start":113.27,"end":113.31},{"text":"legally","start":113.31,"end":113.83},{"text":"binding,","start":113.83,"end":114.55},{"text":"multilaterally","start":114.95,"end":115.75},{"text":"verifiable","start":115.75,"end":116.39},{"text":"instrument","start":116.39,"end":117.03},{"text":"consistent","start":117.51,"end":118.19},{"text":"with","start":118.19,"end":118.35},{"text":"the","start":118.35,"end":118.47},{"text":"principles","start":118.47,"end":119.11},{"text":"of","start":119.11,"end":119.27},{"text":"non-appropriation,","start":119.27,"end":120.39},{"text":"and","start":120.99,"end":121.15},{"text":"peaceful","start":121.15,"end":121.55},{"text":"use","start":121.55,"end":121.91},{"text":"as","start":122.67,"end":122.91},{"text":"enshrined","start":122.91,"end":123.71},{"text":"in","start":123.95,"end":124.11},{"text":"the","start":124.11,"end":124.19},{"text":"1967","start":124.19,"end":125.39},{"text":"Outer","start":125.39,"end":125.71},{"text":"Space","start":125.71,"end":126.15},{"text":"Treaty","start":126.15,"end":126.75},{"text":"and","start":127.15,"end":127.47},{"text":"related","start":127.47,"end":127.87},{"text":"UN","start":127.87,"end":128.19},{"text":"instruments.","start":128.19,"end":128.75}]},{"text":"We welcome the adoption of General Assembly resolutions 79/19, 79/20 and 79/51, which collectively reaffirm the importance of maintaining outer space for peaceful purposes, transparency, and confidence-building among States.","start":129.95,"end":150.91,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-space-use","label":"Peaceful Use of Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space is a global commons or common heritage of humankind and must be used exclusively for peaceful purposes. 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Many delegations described these measures as practical steps that should complement, and in some cases help prepare, future legal instruments."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":129.95,"end":130.11},{"text":"welcome","start":130.11,"end":130.47},{"text":"the","start":130.47,"end":130.55},{"text":"adoption","start":130.55,"end":131.15},{"text":"of","start":131.43,"end":131.63},{"text":"General","start":131.63,"end":131.95},{"text":"Assembly","start":131.95,"end":132.43},{"text":"resolutions","start":132.43,"end":133.31},{"text":"79/19,","start":135.23,"end":136.43},{"text":"79/20","start":136.67,"end":138.67},{"text":"and","start":138.91,"end":139.11},{"text":"79/51,","start":139.11,"end":140.99},{"text":"which","start":141.19,"end":141.43},{"text":"collectively","start":141.43,"end":142.19},{"text":"reaffirm","start":142.19,"end":142.91},{"text":"the","start":143.39,"end":143.43},{"text":"importance","start":143.43,"end":144.03},{"text":"of","start":144.03,"end":144.19},{"text":"maintaining","start":144.19,"end":144.83},{"text":"outer","start":144.83,"end":145.15},{"text":"space","start":145.15,"end":145.71},{"text":"for","start":145.95,"end":146.27},{"text":"peaceful","start":146.27,"end":146.75},{"text":"purposes,","start":146.75,"end":147.39},{"text":"transparency,","start":147.63,"end":148.59},{"text":"and","start":148.91,"end":149.15},{"text":"confidence-building","start":149.15,"end":150.07},{"text":"among","start":150.07,"end":150.35},{"text":"States.","start":150.43,"end":150.91}]},{"text":"The Group also welcomes the establishment of the new Open-ended Working Group on the Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space, pursuant to GA decision 79/512, and encourages continued progress in its work.","start":151.95,"end":169.87,"topics":[{"key":"paros-legal-instrument","label":"Legally Binding PAROS Instrument","description":"A central topic was the call for negotiations on a legally binding, verifiable instrument to prevent an arms race in outer space. 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This included support through COPUOS, UNOOSA, regional initiatives, and national space development programmes."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":332.11,"end":332.35},{"text":"includes","start":332.35,"end":332.79},{"text":"ensuring","start":332.79,"end":333.23},{"text":"that","start":333.23,"end":333.47},{"text":"all","start":333.47,"end":333.63},{"text":"states,","start":333.63,"end":334.19},{"text":"regardless","start":334.43,"end":335.07},{"text":"of","start":335.07,"end":335.15},{"text":"size","start":335.15,"end":335.71},{"text":"or","start":335.87,"end":335.95},{"text":"capability,","start":335.95,"end":336.75},{"text":"can","start":337.07,"end":337.23},{"text":"participate","start":337.23,"end":337.79},{"text":"meaningfully","start":337.79,"end":338.59},{"text":"in","start":338.75,"end":338.91},{"text":"shaping","start":338.91,"end":339.31},{"text":"the","start":339.31,"end":339.39},{"text":"future","start":339.39,"end":339.99},{"text":"of","start":339.99,"end":340.11},{"text":"space","start":340.11,"end":340.43},{"text":"governance.","start":340.43,"end":340.99}]},{"text":"We remain committed to reducing the risk of conflict in space, particularly through the development of norms, rules, and principles of responsible behavior.","start":342.03,"end":350.91,"topics":[{"key":"space-behavior-norms","label":"Space Norms and Confidence-Building Measures","description":"Several statements emphasized norms, rules, principles of responsible behavior, transparency, and confidence-building measures as tools to reduce misunderstanding and escalation in space. Many delegations described these measures as practical steps that should complement, and in some cases help prepare, future legal instruments."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":342.03,"end":342.11},{"text":"remain","start":342.11,"end":342.35},{"text":"committed","start":342.35,"end":342.83},{"text":"to","start":342.83,"end":342.95},{"text":"reducing","start":342.95,"end":343.47},{"text":"the","start":343.47,"end":343.55},{"text":"risk","start":343.55,"end":343.91},{"text":"of","start":343.91,"end":344.03},{"text":"conflict","start":344.03,"end":344.51},{"text":"in","start":344.51,"end":344.59},{"text":"space,","start":344.59,"end":345.15},{"text":"particularly","start":345.47,"end":346.27},{"text":"through","start":346.27,"end":346.59},{"text":"the","start":346.59,"end":346.67},{"text":"development","start":346.67,"end":347.43},{"text":"of","start":347.43,"end":347.55},{"text":"norms,","start":347.55,"end":348.11},{"text":"rules,","start":348.11,"end":348.67},{"text":"and","start":348.83,"end":348.99},{"text":"principles","start":348.99,"end":349.63},{"text":"of","start":349.63,"end":349.71},{"text":"responsible","start":349.71,"end":350.27},{"text":"behavior.","start":350.27,"end":350.91}]},{"text":"We also contribute to efforts to apply international space law to emerging activities, such as debris removal and on-orbit servicing, work that is essential to maintaining a safe and sustainable space environment.","start":351.55,"end":364.51,"topics":[{"key":"space-debris-sustainability","label":"Space Debris and Sustainability","description":"The sustainability of the space environment was a recurring concern, especially the creation of debris through destructive anti-satellite tests or deliberate destruction of space systems. 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Many delegations described these measures as practical steps that should complement, and in some cases help prepare, future legal instruments."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":401.99,"end":402.11},{"text":"importance","start":402.11,"end":402.71},{"text":"of","start":402.71,"end":402.83},{"text":"transparency","start":402.83,"end":403.79},{"text":"and","start":403.79,"end":403.95},{"text":"information","start":403.95,"end":404.47},{"text":"sharing","start":404.47,"end":405.03},{"text":"to","start":405.19,"end":405.35},{"text":"support","start":405.35,"end":405.75},{"text":"the","start":405.75,"end":405.83},{"text":"development","start":405.83,"end":406.55},{"text":"of","start":406.55,"end":406.63},{"text":"future","start":406.63,"end":407.11},{"text":"legally","start":407.11,"end":407.59},{"text":"binding","start":407.59,"end":408.07},{"text":"instruments.","start":408.07,"end":408.71}]},{"text":"Chair, we remain concerned by proposals that risk fragmenting the multilateral space security architecture or creating disproportionate challenges for smaller states.","start":409.99,"end":419.99,"topics":[{"key":"space-access-capacity","label":"Equitable Access and Capacity Building in Space","description":"Delegations repeatedly called for international cooperation, technology sharing, and capacity building so that developing countries, emerging space actors, and small states can benefit from peaceful space activities. 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This included support through COPUOS, UNOOSA, regional initiatives, and national space development programmes."}],"words":[{"text":"New","start":438.03,"end":438.15},{"text":"Zealand","start":438.15,"end":438.43},{"text":"recognizes","start":438.43,"end":439.15},{"text":"the","start":439.15,"end":439.23},{"text":"valuable","start":439.23,"end":439.67},{"text":"role","start":439.67,"end":440.03},{"text":"of","start":440.03,"end":440.11},{"text":"COPUOS","start":440.11,"end":441.11},{"text":"in","start":441.15,"end":441.31},{"text":"supporting","start":441.31,"end":441.83},{"text":"an","start":441.83,"end":441.99},{"text":"effective","start":441.99,"end":442.47},{"text":"international","start":442.47,"end":443.11},{"text":"legal","start":443.11,"end":443.39},{"text":"framework","start":443.39,"end":443.95},{"text":"that","start":444.27,"end":444.43},{"text":"enables","start":444.43,"end":444.91},{"text":"the","start":444.91,"end":445.07},{"text":"growth","start":445.07,"end":445.47},{"text":"of","start":445.55,"end":445.67},{"text":"the","start":445.67,"end":445.75},{"text":"global","start":445.75,"end":446.11},{"text":"space","start":446.11,"end":446.47},{"text":"sector","start":446.47,"end":446.91},{"text":"and","start":447.23,"end":447.35},{"text":"facilitates","start":447.35,"end":448.03},{"text":"international","start":448.03,"end":448.59},{"text":"cooperation.","start":448.59,"end":449.47}]},{"text":"New Zealand will continue to champion an inclusive and multi-stakeholder approach to space governance in an effort to build a space environment that is safe and sustainable for the benefit of all.","start":450.47,"end":461.27,"topics":[{"key":"space-access-capacity","label":"Equitable Access and Capacity Building in Space","description":"Delegations repeatedly called for international cooperation, technology sharing, and capacity building so that developing countries, emerging space actors, and small states can benefit from peaceful space activities. 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Speakers also referred to congestion, debris mitigation, debris removal, and the need to keep space activities safe and predictable over the long term."}],"words":[{"text":"New","start":450.47,"end":450.63},{"text":"Zealand","start":450.63,"end":450.99},{"text":"will","start":450.99,"end":451.11},{"text":"continue","start":451.11,"end":451.75},{"text":"to","start":451.75,"end":451.87},{"text":"champion","start":451.91,"end":452.47},{"text":"an","start":452.47,"end":452.55},{"text":"inclusive","start":452.55,"end":453.27},{"text":"and","start":453.51,"end":453.71},{"text":"multi-stakeholder","start":453.71,"end":454.59},{"text":"approach","start":454.59,"end":455.03},{"text":"to","start":455.03,"end":455.11},{"text":"space","start":455.11,"end":455.43},{"text":"governance","start":455.43,"end":456.07},{"text":"in","start":456.31,"end":456.55},{"text":"an","start":456.55,"end":456.63},{"text":"effort","start":456.63,"end":456.91},{"text":"to","start":456.91,"end":456.99},{"text":"build","start":456.99,"end":457.35},{"text":"a","start":457.35,"end":457.39},{"text":"space","start":457.39,"end":457.71},{"text":"environment","start":457.71,"end":458.39},{"text":"that","start":458.39,"end":458.55},{"text":"is","start":458.55,"end":458.67},{"text":"safe","start":458.67,"end":459.03},{"text":"and","start":459.03,"end":459.19},{"text":"sustainable","start":459.19,"end":459.99},{"text":"for","start":460.15,"end":460.27},{"text":"the","start":460.27,"end":460.39},{"text":"benefit","start":460.39,"end":460.83},{"text":"of","start":460.83,"end":460.95},{"text":"all.","start":460.95,"end":461.27}]},{"text":"Thank you, Chair.","start":461.67,"end":462.31,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":461.67,"end":461.91},{"text":"you,","start":461.91,"end":461.99},{"text":"Chair.","start":461.99,"end":462.31}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"NZL","affiliation_full":"New Zealand","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":5,"start":464.07,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c1/80/17?lang=en&t=465","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of New Zealand for her statement.","start":464.07,"end":468.03,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":464.07,"end":464.23},{"text":"thank","start":464.31,"end":464.55},{"text":"the","start":464.55,"end":464.67},{"text":"distinguished","start":464.67,"end":465.27},{"text":"representative","start":465.51,"end":466.11},{"text":"of","start":466.11,"end":466.31},{"text":"New","start":466.31,"end":466.47},{"text":"Zealand","start":466.47,"end":466.95},{"text":"for","start":466.95,"end":467.15},{"text":"her","start":467.15,"end":467.27},{"text":"statement.","start":467.27,"end":468.03}]},{"text":"I give now the floor to the distinguished representative of the Russian Federation.","start":468.03,"end":472.63,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":468.03,"end":468.07},{"text":"give","start":468.23,"end":468.39},{"text":"now","start":468.39,"end":468.55},{"text":"the","start":468.55,"end":468.71},{"text":"floor","start":468.71,"end":469.11},{"text":"to","start":469.51,"end":469.63},{"text":"the","start":469.71,"end":469.83},{"text":"distinguished","start":469.83,"end":470.39},{"text":"representative","start":470.39,"end":471.11},{"text":"of","start":471.19,"end":471.31},{"text":"the","start":471.31,"end":471.43},{"text":"Russian","start":471.43,"end":471.99},{"text":"Federation.","start":471.99,"end":472.63}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"1st Committee","affiliation_full":"1st Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":6,"start":477.07,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c1/80/17?lang=en&t=478","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Mr. Chair, the Russian Federation has consistently been calling for keeping outer space as a heritage for all mankind and for making sure it's used exclusively for peaceful purpose.","start":477.07,"end":488.51,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-space-use","label":"Peaceful Use of Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space is a global commons or common heritage of humankind and must be used exclusively for peaceful purposes. They linked this principle to non-appropriation, equal access, and the obligation to preserve space for the benefit of all states and future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":477.07,"end":477.39},{"text":"Chair,","start":477.47,"end":477.87},{"text":"the","start":477.87,"end":477.99},{"text":"Russian","start":477.99,"end":478.43},{"text":"Federation","start":478.51,"end":479.31},{"text":"has","start":479.31,"end":479.47},{"text":"consistently","start":479.63,"end":480.75},{"text":"been","start":480.75,"end":481.07},{"text":"calling","start":481.87,"end":482.43},{"text":"for","start":482.43,"end":482.67},{"text":"keeping","start":482.67,"end":483.15},{"text":"outer","start":483.15,"end":483.39},{"text":"space","start":483.39,"end":483.71},{"text":"as","start":483.71,"end":483.83},{"text":"a","start":483.83,"end":483.87},{"text":"heritage","start":483.87,"end":484.27},{"text":"for","start":484.27,"end":484.39},{"text":"all","start":484.39,"end":484.51},{"text":"mankind","start":484.51,"end":485.07},{"text":"and","start":485.07,"end":485.35},{"text":"for","start":485.35,"end":485.71},{"text":"making","start":486.03,"end":486.31},{"text":"sure","start":486.31,"end":486.43},{"text":"it's","start":486.43,"end":486.67},{"text":"used","start":486.67,"end":486.83},{"text":"exclusively","start":486.83,"end":487.59},{"text":"for","start":487.59,"end":487.71},{"text":"peaceful","start":487.71,"end":488.07},{"text":"purpose.","start":488.07,"end":488.51}]},{"text":"The only way of achieving the goal of PAROS in outer space is only through the development of comprehensive, legally binding principles and norms of international law, and they ought to be comprehensive in nature.","start":488.51,"end":499.95,"topics":[{"key":"paros-legal-instrument","label":"Legally Binding PAROS Instrument","description":"A central topic was the call for negotiations on a legally binding, verifiable instrument to prevent an arms race in outer space. 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Speakers discussed banning the placement of weapons in space, prohibiting attacks on space objects, and using the Conference on Disarmament and the OEWG to advance treaty language."}],"words":[{"text":"On","start":580.99,"end":581.15},{"text":"this","start":581.15,"end":581.39},{"text":"basis,","start":581.39,"end":582.03},{"text":"it","start":582.27,"end":582.59},{"text":"is","start":582.59,"end":582.75},{"text":"necessary","start":582.75,"end":583.15},{"text":"to","start":583.15,"end":583.27},{"text":"continue","start":583.27,"end":583.71},{"text":"work","start":583.71,"end":584.03},{"text":"on","start":584.03,"end":584.11},{"text":"substantive","start":584.11,"end":584.83},{"text":"elements","start":584.83,"end":585.39},{"text":"of","start":585.39,"end":585.55},{"text":"relevant","start":585.55,"end":586.11},{"text":"international","start":586.11,"end":586.79},{"text":"legal","start":586.79,"end":587.07},{"text":"binding","start":587.07,"end":587.35},{"text":"instrument","start":587.35,"end":587.87},{"text":"here.","start":587.87,"end":588.19}]},{"text":"We are satisfied with the start of the substantive discussion within the Open-Ended Working Group on PAROS.","start":588.59,"end":595.07,"topics":[{"key":"paros-legal-instrument","label":"Legally Binding PAROS Instrument","description":"A central topic was the call for negotiations on a legally binding, verifiable instrument to prevent an arms race in outer space. Speakers discussed banning the placement of weapons in space, prohibiting attacks on space objects, and using the Conference on Disarmament and the OEWG to advance treaty language."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":588.59,"end":588.83},{"text":"are","start":588.83,"end":588.91},{"text":"satisfied","start":588.91,"end":589.55},{"text":"with","start":589.55,"end":589.75},{"text":"the","start":589.75,"end":589.87},{"text":"start","start":589.87,"end":590.43},{"text":"of","start":590.43,"end":590.83},{"text":"the","start":590.83,"end":591.03},{"text":"substantive","start":591.03,"end":591.87},{"text":"discussion","start":591.95,"end":592.51},{"text":"within","start":592.51,"end":592.91},{"text":"the","start":592.91,"end":593.03},{"text":"Open-Ended","start":593.03,"end":593.55},{"text":"Working","start":593.55,"end":593.95},{"text":"Group","start":593.95,"end":594.27},{"text":"on","start":594.27,"end":594.43},{"text":"PAROS.","start":594.43,"end":595.07}]},{"text":"which was established by United Nations Decision 79/512.","start":595.47,"end":600.47,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"which","start":595.47,"end":595.63},{"text":"was","start":595.63,"end":595.83},{"text":"established","start":595.83,"end":596.55},{"text":"by","start":596.55,"end":596.95},{"text":"United","start":597.27,"end":597.83},{"text":"Nations","start":597.83,"end":598.39},{"text":"Decision","start":598.39,"end":598.95},{"text":"79/512.","start":598.95,"end":600.47}]},{"text":"It is necessary to ensure that its work is constructive and politicized if we want to achieve tangible results on the basis of adopted modalities.","start":600.71,"end":609.27,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"It","start":600.71,"end":600.87},{"text":"is","start":600.87,"end":601.03},{"text":"necessary","start":601.03,"end":601.43},{"text":"to","start":601.43,"end":601.59},{"text":"ensure","start":601.59,"end":602.07},{"text":"that","start":602.07,"end":602.23},{"text":"its","start":602.23,"end":602.39},{"text":"work","start":602.39,"end":602.63},{"text":"is","start":602.63,"end":602.71},{"text":"constructive","start":602.71,"end":603.27},{"text":"and","start":603.59,"end":603.83},{"text":"politicized","start":603.83,"end":604.51},{"text":"if","start":604.51,"end":604.63},{"text":"we","start":604.63,"end":604.71},{"text":"want","start":604.71,"end":604.91},{"text":"to","start":604.91,"end":605.03},{"text":"achieve","start":605.03,"end":605.43},{"text":"tangible","start":605.43,"end":605.91},{"text":"results","start":605.91,"end":606.31},{"text":"on","start":606.31,"end":606.63},{"text":"the","start":606.63,"end":606.71},{"text":"basis","start":606.71,"end":607.19},{"text":"of","start":607.19,"end":607.59},{"text":"adopted","start":607.99,"end":608.55},{"text":"modalities.","start":608.55,"end":609.27}]},{"text":"We believe that any non-binding measures, including TCBMs, should complement but not substitute effective legally binding instruments on Paris.","start":609.67,"end":618.95,"topics":[{"key":"space-behavior-norms","label":"Space Norms and Confidence-Building Measures","description":"Several statements emphasized norms, rules, principles of responsible behavior, transparency, and confidence-building measures as tools to reduce misunderstanding and escalation in space. Many delegations described these measures as practical steps that should complement, and in some cases help prepare, future legal instruments."},{"key":"paros-legal-instrument","label":"Legally Binding PAROS Instrument","description":"A central topic was the call for negotiations on a legally binding, verifiable instrument to prevent an arms race in outer space. Speakers discussed banning the placement of weapons in space, prohibiting attacks on space objects, and using the Conference on Disarmament and the OEWG to advance treaty language."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":609.67,"end":610.15},{"text":"believe","start":610.95,"end":611.35},{"text":"that","start":611.35,"end":611.51},{"text":"any","start":611.51,"end":611.71},{"text":"non-binding","start":611.71,"end":612.23},{"text":"measures,","start":612.23,"end":612.55},{"text":"including","start":612.55,"end":613.11},{"text":"TCBMs,","start":613.11,"end":613.91},{"text":"should","start":614.15,"end":614.43},{"text":"complement","start":614.43,"end":614.95},{"text":"but","start":614.95,"end":615.19},{"text":"not","start":615.19,"end":615.51},{"text":"substitute","start":615.51,"end":616.27},{"text":"effective","start":616.27,"end":616.95},{"text":"legally","start":616.95,"end":617.27},{"text":"binding","start":617.27,"end":617.63},{"text":"instruments","start":617.63,"end":618.15},{"text":"on","start":618.31,"end":618.47},{"text":"Paris.","start":618.47,"end":618.95}]},{"text":"What remains very much in demand is the international initiative, political commitment of no first placement of weapons in outer space.","start":620.95,"end":628.03,"topics":[{"key":"paros-legal-instrument","label":"Legally Binding PAROS Instrument","description":"A central topic was the call for negotiations on a legally binding, verifiable instrument to prevent an arms race in outer space. Speakers discussed banning the placement of weapons in space, prohibiting attacks on space objects, and using the Conference on Disarmament and the OEWG to advance treaty language."}],"words":[{"text":"What","start":620.95,"end":621.15},{"text":"remains","start":621.15,"end":621.71},{"text":"very","start":621.71,"end":622.03},{"text":"much","start":622.03,"end":622.23},{"text":"in","start":622.23,"end":622.35},{"text":"demand","start":622.35,"end":622.91},{"text":"is","start":622.91,"end":623.15},{"text":"the","start":623.15,"end":623.23},{"text":"international","start":623.23,"end":624.11},{"text":"initiative,","start":624.11,"end":624.59},{"text":"political","start":624.59,"end":624.99},{"text":"commitment","start":624.99,"end":625.47},{"text":"of","start":625.47,"end":625.71},{"text":"no","start":625.71,"end":625.87},{"text":"first","start":625.87,"end":626.19},{"text":"placement","start":626.19,"end":626.67},{"text":"of","start":626.67,"end":626.75},{"text":"weapons","start":626.75,"end":627.07},{"text":"in","start":627.07,"end":627.23},{"text":"outer","start":627.23,"end":627.43},{"text":"space.","start":627.43,"end":628.03}]},{"text":"We call on UN member states to globalize this, to universalize this initiative and to undertake political commitments in this regard.","start":628.03,"end":634.99,"topics":[{"key":"paros-legal-instrument","label":"Legally Binding PAROS Instrument","description":"A central topic was the call for negotiations on a legally binding, verifiable instrument to prevent an arms race in outer space. Speakers discussed banning the placement of weapons in space, prohibiting attacks on space objects, and using the Conference on Disarmament and the OEWG to advance treaty language."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":628.03,"end":628.11},{"text":"call","start":628.11,"end":628.51},{"text":"on","start":628.51,"end":628.67},{"text":"UN","start":628.67,"end":628.91},{"text":"member","start":628.91,"end":629.15},{"text":"states","start":629.15,"end":629.39},{"text":"to","start":629.39,"end":629.55},{"text":"globalize","start":629.55,"end":630.31},{"text":"this,","start":630.31,"end":630.67},{"text":"to","start":631.07,"end":631.19},{"text":"universalize","start":631.19,"end":631.91},{"text":"this","start":631.91,"end":632.07},{"text":"initiative","start":632.07,"end":632.59},{"text":"and","start":632.59,"end":632.87},{"text":"to","start":632.87,"end":632.99},{"text":"undertake","start":632.99,"end":633.35},{"text":"political","start":633.35,"end":633.71},{"text":"commitments","start":633.71,"end":634.19},{"text":"in","start":634.19,"end":634.27},{"text":"this","start":634.27,"end":634.43},{"text":"regard.","start":634.43,"end":634.99}]},{"text":"The full 37 countries are already members of this initiative.","start":636.11,"end":640.43,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":636.11,"end":636.15},{"text":"full","start":636.51,"end":637.31},{"text":"37","start":638.03,"end":638.51},{"text":"countries","start":638.51,"end":638.91},{"text":"are","start":638.91,"end":638.99},{"text":"already","start":638.99,"end":639.31},{"text":"members","start":639.31,"end":639.59},{"text":"of","start":639.59,"end":639.67},{"text":"this","start":639.67,"end":639.87},{"text":"initiative.","start":639.87,"end":640.43}]},{"text":"Mr. Chairman, the Russian Federation is submitting three draft resolutions on space issues for the consideration of the first committee, and we're calling on all states to speak in support and co-sponsor them.","start":640.43,"end":650.59,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":640.43,"end":640.75},{"text":"Chairman,","start":640.75,"end":641.31},{"text":"the","start":641.47,"end":641.59},{"text":"Russian","start":641.59,"end":641.87},{"text":"Federation","start":641.87,"end":642.43},{"text":"is","start":642.43,"end":642.67},{"text":"submitting","start":642.67,"end":643.07},{"text":"three","start":643.07,"end":643.31},{"text":"draft","start":643.31,"end":643.79},{"text":"resolutions","start":643.79,"end":644.63},{"text":"on","start":644.63,"end":644.71},{"text":"space","start":644.71,"end":644.99},{"text":"issues","start":644.99,"end":645.47},{"text":"for","start":645.47,"end":645.59},{"text":"the","start":645.59,"end":645.67},{"text":"consideration","start":645.67,"end":646.27},{"text":"of","start":646.27,"end":646.35},{"text":"the","start":646.35,"end":646.43},{"text":"first","start":646.43,"end":646.63},{"text":"committee,","start":646.63,"end":647.07},{"text":"and","start":647.07,"end":647.23},{"text":"we're","start":647.23,"end":647.43},{"text":"calling","start":647.43,"end":647.71},{"text":"on","start":647.71,"end":647.95},{"text":"all","start":647.95,"end":648.11},{"text":"states","start":648.11,"end":648.59},{"text":"to","start":648.59,"end":648.71},{"text":"speak","start":648.71,"end":648.99},{"text":"in","start":648.99,"end":649.07},{"text":"support","start":649.07,"end":649.55},{"text":"and","start":649.55,"end":649.79},{"text":"co-sponsor","start":649.79,"end":650.39},{"text":"them.","start":650.39,"end":650.59}]},{"text":"I thank you.","start":650.91,"end":651.39,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":650.91,"end":651.07},{"text":"thank","start":651.07,"end":651.31},{"text":"you.","start":651.31,"end":651.39}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"RUS","affiliation_full":"Russian Federation","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":7,"start":654.59,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c1/80/17?lang=en&t=655","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the representative of Russian Federation for his statement.","start":654.59,"end":659.19,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":654.59,"end":654.83},{"text":"thank","start":654.83,"end":655.07},{"text":"the","start":655.07,"end":655.23},{"text":"representative","start":655.39,"end":656.11},{"text":"of","start":656.11,"end":656.35},{"text":"Russian","start":657.39,"end":657.71},{"text":"Federation","start":657.71,"end":658.27},{"text":"for","start":658.35,"end":658.51},{"text":"his","start":658.51,"end":658.67},{"text":"statement.","start":658.67,"end":659.19}]},{"text":"Again, on the floor, the distinguished representative of Malaysia.","start":659.19,"end":662.19,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Again,","start":659.19,"end":659.39},{"text":"on","start":659.39,"end":659.47},{"text":"the","start":659.47,"end":659.59},{"text":"floor,","start":659.59,"end":659.79},{"text":"the","start":659.79,"end":659.87},{"text":"distinguished","start":659.87,"end":660.51},{"text":"representative","start":660.51,"end":661.15},{"text":"of","start":661.23,"end":661.47},{"text":"Malaysia.","start":661.55,"end":662.19}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"1st Committee","affiliation_full":"1st Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":8,"start":665.99,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c1/80/17?lang=en&t=666","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Mr. Chair.","start":665.99,"end":667.11,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":665.99,"end":666.23},{"text":"you,","start":666.23,"end":666.47},{"text":"Mr.","start":666.47,"end":666.79},{"text":"Chair.","start":666.79,"end":667.11}]},{"text":"Malaysia associates itself with the statements by NAM and by ASEAN.","start":667.51,"end":671.43,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Malaysia","start":667.51,"end":668.11},{"text":"associates","start":668.11,"end":668.63},{"text":"itself","start":668.63,"end":668.99},{"text":"with","start":668.99,"end":669.11},{"text":"the","start":669.11,"end":669.19},{"text":"statements","start":669.19,"end":669.67},{"text":"by","start":669.67,"end":669.83},{"text":"NAM","start":669.83,"end":670.23},{"text":"and","start":670.31,"end":670.63},{"text":"by","start":670.63,"end":670.91},{"text":"ASEAN.","start":670.91,"end":671.43}]},{"text":"As technological advances open new doors for exploration, we must not lose sight of the need to protect outer space from the dangers of militarization.","start":671.99,"end":681.59,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-space-use","label":"Peaceful Use of Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space is a global commons or common heritage of humankind and must be used 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They linked this principle to non-appropriation, equal access, and the obligation to preserve space for the benefit of all states and future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":671.99,"end":672.15},{"text":"technological","start":672.15,"end":672.79},{"text":"advances","start":672.79,"end":673.43},{"text":"open","start":673.43,"end":673.75},{"text":"new","start":673.75,"end":673.99},{"text":"doors","start":673.99,"end":674.47},{"text":"for","start":674.47,"end":674.63},{"text":"exploration,","start":674.63,"end":675.43},{"text":"we","start":675.91,"end":676.03},{"text":"must","start":676.03,"end":676.27},{"text":"not","start":676.27,"end":676.47},{"text":"lose","start":676.47,"end":676.71},{"text":"sight","start":676.71,"end":677.19},{"text":"of","start":677.63,"end":677.75},{"text":"the","start":677.75,"end":677.83},{"text":"need","start":677.83,"end":678.03},{"text":"to","start":678.03,"end":678.23},{"text":"protect","start":678.23,"end":678.67},{"text":"outer","start":678.71,"end":678.95},{"text":"space","start":678.95,"end":679.51},{"text":"from","start":679.51,"end":679.67},{"text":"the","start":679.67,"end":679.75},{"text":"dangers","start":679.75,"end":680.39},{"text":"of","start":680.47,"end":680.63},{"text":"militarization.","start":680.63,"end":681.59}]},{"text":"Maintaining the use of outer space for exclusively peaceful purposes is imperative, especially in times of rising tension and major power rivalry.","start":682.23,"end":691.99,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-space-use","label":"Peaceful Use of Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space is a global commons or common heritage of humankind and must be used exclusively for peaceful purposes. They linked this principle to non-appropriation, equal access, and the obligation to preserve space for the benefit of all states and future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"Maintaining","start":682.23,"end":682.79},{"text":"the","start":682.79,"end":682.91},{"text":"use","start":682.95,"end":683.31},{"text":"of","start":683.31,"end":683.43},{"text":"outer","start":683.43,"end":683.67},{"text":"space","start":683.67,"end":684.07},{"text":"for","start":684.07,"end":684.23},{"text":"exclusively","start":684.23,"end":684.87},{"text":"peaceful","start":684.87,"end":685.27},{"text":"purposes","start":685.27,"end":685.99},{"text":"is","start":686.15,"end":686.31},{"text":"imperative,","start":686.35,"end":687.03},{"text":"especially","start":687.51,"end":688.23},{"text":"in","start":688.23,"end":688.39},{"text":"times","start":688.39,"end":688.83},{"text":"of","start":688.83,"end":688.95},{"text":"rising","start":688.95,"end":689.43},{"text":"tension","start":689.43,"end":689.99},{"text":"and","start":690.23,"end":690.47},{"text":"major","start":690.47,"end":690.79},{"text":"power","start":690.79,"end":691.39},{"text":"rivalry.","start":691.39,"end":691.99}]},{"text":"Malaysia recognizes the indispensable role of inclusive multilateral discourse regarding outer space.","start":692.59,"end":698.87,"topics":[{"key":"space-behavior-norms","label":"Space Norms and Confidence-Building Measures","description":"Several statements emphasized norms, rules, principles of responsible behavior, transparency, and confidence-building measures as tools to reduce misunderstanding and escalation in space. 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Many delegations described these measures as practical steps that should complement, and in some cases help prepare, future legal instruments."}],"words":[{"text":"It's","start":699.27,"end":699.55},{"text":"important","start":699.55,"end":700.07},{"text":"that","start":700.07,"end":700.23},{"text":"we","start":700.23,"end":700.31},{"text":"collectively","start":700.31,"end":700.95},{"text":"avoid","start":700.95,"end":701.51},{"text":"institutional","start":702.23,"end":702.91},{"text":"fragmentation","start":702.91,"end":703.91},{"text":"and","start":703.99,"end":704.11},{"text":"ensure","start":704.11,"end":704.87},{"text":"the","start":704.95,"end":705.15},{"text":"equitable","start":705.15,"end":705.59},{"text":"participation","start":705.59,"end":706.39},{"text":"of","start":706.43,"end":706.63},{"text":"all","start":706.63,"end":706.83},{"text":"states","start":706.83,"end":707.27},{"text":"in","start":707.67,"end":707.79},{"text":"expounding","start":707.79,"end":708.63},{"text":"and","start":708.71,"end":709.03},{"text":"further","start":709.03,"end":709.35},{"text":"developing","start":709.35,"end":709.99},{"text":"the","start":710.23,"end":710.43},{"text":"applicable","start":710.43,"end":711.11},{"text":"rules,","start":711.27,"end":711.91},{"text":"norms,","start":711.91,"end":712.43},{"text":"and","start":712.43,"end":712.59},{"text":"principles","start":712.59,"end":713.27},{"text":"in","start":713.27,"end":713.43},{"text":"this","start":713.43,"end":713.75},{"text":"domain.","start":713.83,"end":714.39}]},{"text":"My delegation welcomes the adoption of the agenda and indicative program of work of the Open-Ended Working Group on the Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space in all its aspects, 2024 to 2028.","start":714.95,"end":728.43,"topics":[{"key":"paros-legal-instrument","label":"Legally Binding PAROS Instrument","description":"A central topic was the call for negotiations on a legally binding, verifiable instrument to prevent an arms race in outer space. Speakers discussed banning the placement of weapons in space, prohibiting attacks on space objects, and using the Conference on Disarmament and the OEWG to advance treaty language."}],"words":[{"text":"My","start":714.95,"end":714.99},{"text":"delegation","start":714.99,"end":715.63},{"text":"welcomes","start":715.63,"end":716.35},{"text":"the","start":716.35,"end":716.51},{"text":"adoption","start":716.51,"end":717.15},{"text":"of","start":717.19,"end":717.39},{"text":"the","start":717.39,"end":717.47},{"text":"agenda","start":717.47,"end":717.99},{"text":"and","start":717.99,"end":718.11},{"text":"indicative","start":718.11,"end":718.75},{"text":"program","start":718.75,"end":719.15},{"text":"of","start":719.15,"end":719.23},{"text":"work","start":719.23,"end":719.63},{"text":"of","start":720.03,"end":720.19},{"text":"the","start":720.19,"end":720.39},{"text":"Open-Ended","start":720.59,"end":721.07},{"text":"Working","start":721.07,"end":721.39},{"text":"Group","start":721.39,"end":721.79},{"text":"on","start":722.19,"end":722.27},{"text":"the","start":722.27,"end":722.35},{"text":"Prevention","start":722.35,"end":723.07},{"text":"of","start":723.19,"end":723.27},{"text":"an","start":723.27,"end":723.47},{"text":"Arms","start":723.47,"end":723.79},{"text":"Race","start":723.79,"end":724.19},{"text":"in","start":724.19,"end":724.35},{"text":"Outer","start":724.35,"end":724.59},{"text":"Space","start":724.59,"end":725.07},{"text":"in","start":725.07,"end":725.23},{"text":"all","start":725.23,"end":725.47},{"text":"its","start":725.51,"end":725.63},{"text":"aspects,","start":725.63,"end":726.19},{"text":"2024","start":726.43,"end":727.27},{"text":"to","start":727.27,"end":727.39},{"text":"2028.","start":727.39,"end":728.43}]},{"text":"This is an encouraging signal of the political will of the global community in preserving outer space as a common heritage of mankind, which we should build upon as the OEWG advances its substantive deliberations.","start":728.83,"end":743.71,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-space-use","label":"Peaceful Use of Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space is a global commons or common heritage of humankind and must be used exclusively for peaceful purposes. 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26 September 2025, the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Malaysia deposited our instrument of accession to the Convention on Registration of Objects Launched into Outer Space, thereby effecting its entry into force for 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on the 21st of October, Malaysia submitted its instrument of ratification for the Outer Space Treaty of 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responsible player in the rapidly growing global space sector, including through adherence to foundational instruments of international space law.","start":804.39,"end":819.47,"topics":[{"key":"space-access-capacity","label":"Equitable Access and Capacity Building in Space","description":"Delegations repeatedly called for international cooperation, technology sharing, and capacity building so that developing countries, emerging space actors, and small states can benefit from peaceful space activities. This included support through COPUOS, UNOOSA, regional initiatives, and national space development programmes."}],"words":[{"text":"These","start":804.39,"end":804.79},{"text":"measures","start":804.79,"end":805.35},{"text":"reflect","start":805.35,"end":805.99},{"text":"Malaysia's","start":805.99,"end":806.47},{"text":"aspiration","start":806.47,"end":807.27},{"text":"to","start":807.27,"end":807.35},{"text":"become","start":807.35,"end":807.83},{"text":"an","start":808.03,"end":808.23},{"text":"active","start":808.23,"end":808.75},{"text":"and","start":808.75,"end":808.87},{"text":"responsible","start":808.87,"end":809.51},{"text":"player","start":809.51,"end":809.95},{"text":"in","start":810.23,"end":810.39},{"text":"the","start":810.39,"end":810.51},{"text":"rapidly","start":810.51,"end":810.95},{"text":"growing","start":810.95,"end":811.43},{"text":"global","start":811.51,"end":812.07},{"text":"space","start":812.31,"end":812.91},{"text":"sector,","start":812.91,"end":813.43},{"text":"including","start":813.43,"end":814.15},{"text":"through","start":814.47,"end":814.63},{"text":"adherence","start":814.63,"end":815.43},{"text":"to","start":815.67,"end":815.83},{"text":"foundational","start":815.83,"end":816.71},{"text":"instruments","start":816.71,"end":817.51},{"text":"of","start":817.55,"end":817.67},{"text":"international","start":817.67,"end":818.47},{"text":"space","start":818.47,"end":819.03},{"text":"law.","start":819.11,"end":819.47}]},{"text":"Malaysia also commends the continued efforts of the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space and the United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs, given the critical role of capacity building in this field, particularly for developing countries.","start":820.03,"end":834.35,"topics":[{"key":"space-access-capacity","label":"Equitable Access and Capacity Building in Space","description":"Delegations repeatedly called for international cooperation, technology sharing, and capacity building so that developing countries, emerging space actors, and small states can benefit from peaceful space activities. This included support through COPUOS, UNOOSA, regional initiatives, and national space development 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thank you, Mr Chair.","start":834.67,"end":835.83,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":834.67,"end":834.75},{"text":"thank","start":834.75,"end":835.03},{"text":"you,","start":835.03,"end":835.23},{"text":"Mr","start":835.31,"end":835.71},{"text":"Chair.","start":835.71,"end":835.83}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"MYS","affiliation_full":"Malaysia","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":9,"start":838.75,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c1/80/17?lang=en&t=839","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of Malaysia for his 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Bangladesh.","start":842.19,"end":845.39,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":842.19,"end":842.23},{"text":"give","start":842.23,"end":842.35},{"text":"now","start":842.35,"end":842.47},{"text":"the","start":842.47,"end":842.55},{"text":"floor","start":842.55,"end":842.79},{"text":"to","start":842.79,"end":842.87},{"text":"the","start":842.87,"end":842.95},{"text":"distinguished","start":842.95,"end":843.63},{"text":"representative","start":843.63,"end":844.35},{"text":"of","start":844.35,"end":844.75},{"text":"Bangladesh.","start":844.75,"end":845.39}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"1st Committee","affiliation_full":"1st Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":10,"start":850.71,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c1/80/17?lang=en&t=851","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Chair.","start":850.71,"end":851.35,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":850.71,"end":850.91},{"text":"you,","start":850.91,"end":851.03},{"text":"Chair.","start":851.03,"end":851.35}]},{"text":"Bangladesh aligns itself with the statement delivered by Indonesia on behalf of the NAM.","start":852.15,"end":856.15,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Bangladesh","start":852.15,"end":852.71},{"text":"aligns","start":852.71,"end":853.03},{"text":"itself","start":853.03,"end":853.51},{"text":"with","start":853.51,"end":853.63},{"text":"the","start":853.63,"end":853.75},{"text":"statement","start":853.75,"end":854.19},{"text":"delivered","start":854.19,"end":854.55},{"text":"by","start":854.55,"end":854.75},{"text":"Indonesia","start":854.75,"end":855.15},{"text":"on","start":855.15,"end":855.27},{"text":"behalf","start":855.27,"end":855.59},{"text":"of","start":855.59,"end":855.67},{"text":"the","start":855.67,"end":855.83},{"text":"NAM.","start":855.83,"end":856.15}]},{"text":"In addition, allow me to present our position.","start":856.71,"end":858.63,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":856.71,"end":856.87},{"text":"addition,","start":856.87,"end":857.27},{"text":"allow","start":857.27,"end":857.39},{"text":"me","start":857.39,"end":857.55},{"text":"to","start":857.55,"end":857.67},{"text":"present","start":857.67,"end":857.99},{"text":"our","start":857.99,"end":858.15},{"text":"position.","start":858.15,"end":858.63}]},{"text":"Bangladesh expresses deep concern regarding the threats to international peace and security by the possible weaponization of outer space.","start":859.19,"end":865.83,"topics":[{"key":"paros-legal-instrument","label":"Legally Binding PAROS Instrument","description":"A central topic was the call for negotiations on a legally binding, verifiable instrument to prevent an arms race in outer space. Speakers discussed banning the placement of weapons in space, prohibiting attacks on space objects, and using the Conference on Disarmament and the OEWG to advance treaty language."}],"words":[{"text":"Bangladesh","start":859.19,"end":859.63},{"text":"expresses","start":859.63,"end":860.15},{"text":"deep","start":860.15,"end":860.31},{"text":"concern","start":860.31,"end":860.79},{"text":"regarding","start":860.79,"end":861.11},{"text":"the","start":861.11,"end":861.27},{"text":"threats","start":861.27,"end":861.59},{"text":"to","start":861.59,"end":861.71},{"text":"international","start":861.71,"end":862.23},{"text":"peace","start":862.23,"end":862.43},{"text":"and","start":862.43,"end":862.55},{"text":"security","start":862.55,"end":863.11},{"text":"by","start":863.11,"end":863.27},{"text":"the","start":863.27,"end":863.39},{"text":"possible","start":863.39,"end":863.91},{"text":"weaponization","start":864.23,"end":865.03},{"text":"of","start":865.03,"end":865.23},{"text":"outer","start":865.23,"end":865.43},{"text":"space.","start":865.43,"end":865.83}]},{"text":"armed conflict in space would make the entire domain a battlefield and jeopardize international peace and security.","start":866.27,"end":872.99,"topics":[{"key":"paros-legal-instrument","label":"Legally Binding PAROS Instrument","description":"A central topic was the call for negotiations on a legally binding, verifiable instrument to prevent an arms race in outer space. Speakers discussed banning the placement of weapons in space, prohibiting attacks on space objects, and using the Conference on Disarmament and the OEWG to advance treaty language."}],"words":[{"text":"armed","start":866.27,"end":866.43},{"text":"conflict","start":866.43,"end":867.07},{"text":"in","start":867.07,"end":867.23},{"text":"space","start":867.23,"end":867.71},{"text":"would","start":867.95,"end":868.27},{"text":"make","start":868.27,"end":868.43},{"text":"the","start":868.43,"end":868.55},{"text":"entire","start":868.55,"end":868.87},{"text":"domain","start":868.87,"end":869.23},{"text":"a","start":869.23,"end":869.31},{"text":"battlefield","start":869.31,"end":869.95},{"text":"and","start":869.95,"end":870.27},{"text":"jeopardize","start":870.51,"end":871.23},{"text":"international","start":871.47,"end":871.99},{"text":"peace","start":871.99,"end":872.23},{"text":"and","start":872.23,"end":872.35},{"text":"security.","start":872.35,"end":872.99}]},{"text":"We underscore that the exploration and use of outer space should exclusively be for peaceful purposes only.","start":873.23,"end":879.87,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-space-use","label":"Peaceful Use of Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space is a global commons or common heritage of humankind and must be used exclusively for peaceful purposes. They linked this principle to non-appropriation, equal access, and the obligation to preserve space for the benefit of all states and future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":873.23,"end":873.39},{"text":"underscore","start":873.39,"end":873.91},{"text":"that","start":873.91,"end":874.27},{"text":"the","start":874.27,"end":874.47},{"text":"exploration","start":874.83,"end":875.91},{"text":"and","start":875.91,"end":876.03},{"text":"use","start":876.03,"end":876.27},{"text":"of","start":876.27,"end":876.43},{"text":"outer","start":876.43,"end":876.67},{"text":"space","start":876.67,"end":876.99},{"text":"should","start":877.07,"end":877.31},{"text":"exclusively","start":877.31,"end":877.95},{"text":"be","start":877.95,"end":878.27},{"text":"for","start":878.35,"end":878.51},{"text":"peaceful","start":878.51,"end":878.91},{"text":"purposes","start":878.91,"end":879.47},{"text":"only.","start":879.47,"end":879.87}]},{"text":"Bangladesh firmly believes that access to outer space is an inalienable right of all states and recognize outer space as a global common for the entire humanity beyond the jurisdiction of any one state.","start":880.11,"end":890.99,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-space-use","label":"Peaceful Use of Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space is a global commons or common heritage of humankind and must be used exclusively for peaceful purposes. They linked this principle to non-appropriation, equal access, and the obligation to preserve space for the benefit of all states and future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"Bangladesh","start":880.11,"end":880.51},{"text":"firmly","start":880.51,"end":880.83},{"text":"believes","start":880.83,"end":881.15},{"text":"that","start":881.15,"end":881.39},{"text":"access","start":881.39,"end":881.71},{"text":"to","start":881.71,"end":881.91},{"text":"outer","start":881.91,"end":882.11},{"text":"space","start":882.11,"end":882.43},{"text":"is","start":882.43,"end":882.59},{"text":"an","start":882.59,"end":882.75},{"text":"inalienable","start":883.31,"end":884.03},{"text":"right","start":884.03,"end":884.35},{"text":"of","start":884.35,"end":884.51},{"text":"all","start":884.51,"end":884.67},{"text":"states","start":884.67,"end":885.15},{"text":"and","start":885.15,"end":885.39},{"text":"recognize","start":885.39,"end":885.95},{"text":"outer","start":885.95,"end":886.27},{"text":"space","start":886.27,"end":886.59},{"text":"as","start":886.59,"end":886.71},{"text":"a","start":886.71,"end":886.75},{"text":"global","start":886.75,"end":887.15},{"text":"common","start":887.15,"end":887.55},{"text":"for","start":887.55,"end":887.71},{"text":"the","start":887.71,"end":887.83},{"text":"entire","start":887.83,"end":888.11},{"text":"humanity","start":888.11,"end":888.67},{"text":"beyond","start":888.67,"end":889.03},{"text":"the","start":889.03,"end":889.15},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":889.15,"end":889.75},{"text":"of","start":889.75,"end":889.95},{"text":"any","start":890.11,"end":890.35},{"text":"one","start":890.35,"end":890.59},{"text":"state.","start":890.59,"end":890.99}]},{"text":"With this commitment, we proudly join the committee on the peaceful uses of outer space.","start":891.55,"end":896.87,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-space-use","label":"Peaceful Use of Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space is a global commons or common heritage of humankind and must be used exclusively for peaceful purposes. They linked this principle to non-appropriation, equal access, and the obligation to preserve space for the benefit of all states and future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"With","start":891.55,"end":891.75},{"text":"this","start":891.75,"end":891.95},{"text":"commitment,","start":891.95,"end":892.47},{"text":"we","start":892.47,"end":892.63},{"text":"proudly","start":892.63,"end":893.03},{"text":"join","start":893.03,"end":893.31},{"text":"the","start":893.31,"end":893.39},{"text":"committee","start":893.39,"end":893.95},{"text":"on","start":894.63,"end":894.71},{"text":"the","start":894.71,"end":894.87},{"text":"peaceful","start":894.87,"end":895.51},{"text":"uses","start":895.51,"end":895.99},{"text":"of","start":895.99,"end":896.15},{"text":"outer","start":896.23,"end":896.47},{"text":"space.","start":896.47,"end":896.87}]},{"text":"As a State Party to the Outer Space Treaty, we reaffirm the vital importance of preventing arms race in outer space.","start":897.83,"end":903.27,"topics":[{"key":"paros-legal-instrument","label":"Legally Binding PAROS Instrument","description":"A central topic was the call for negotiations on a legally binding, verifiable instrument to prevent an arms race in outer space. Speakers discussed banning the placement of weapons in space, prohibiting attacks on space objects, and using the Conference on Disarmament and the OEWG to advance treaty language."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":897.83,"end":897.95},{"text":"a","start":897.95,"end":897.99},{"text":"State","start":897.99,"end":898.23},{"text":"Party","start":898.23,"end":898.55},{"text":"to","start":898.55,"end":898.63},{"text":"the","start":898.63,"end":898.75},{"text":"Outer","start":898.75,"end":899.03},{"text":"Space","start":899.03,"end":899.27},{"text":"Treaty,","start":899.27,"end":899.59},{"text":"we","start":899.59,"end":899.75},{"text":"reaffirm","start":899.75,"end":900.15},{"text":"the","start":900.15,"end":900.31},{"text":"vital","start":900.31,"end":900.63},{"text":"importance","start":900.63,"end":901.11},{"text":"of","start":901.11,"end":901.19},{"text":"preventing","start":901.19,"end":901.83},{"text":"arms","start":901.83,"end":902.07},{"text":"race","start":902.07,"end":902.47},{"text":"in","start":902.47,"end":902.71},{"text":"outer","start":902.71,"end":902.95},{"text":"space.","start":902.95,"end":903.27}]},{"text":"We reiterate our call that all activities in the outer space must be done in accordance with international law and the principle of non-appropriation of outer space.","start":903.51,"end":915.11,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-space-use","label":"Peaceful Use of Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space is a global commons or common heritage of humankind and must be used exclusively for peaceful purposes. They linked this principle to non-appropriation, equal access, and the obligation to preserve space for the benefit of all states and future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":903.51,"end":903.71},{"text":"reiterate","start":903.71,"end":904.31},{"text":"our","start":904.31,"end":904.55},{"text":"call","start":904.55,"end":904.87},{"text":"that","start":904.87,"end":905.11},{"text":"all","start":905.19,"end":905.35},{"text":"activities","start":905.35,"end":905.91},{"text":"in","start":905.91,"end":906.03},{"text":"the","start":906.03,"end":906.11},{"text":"outer","start":906.11,"end":906.39},{"text":"space","start":906.39,"end":906.71},{"text":"must","start":906.71,"end":907.03},{"text":"be","start":907.03,"end":907.15},{"text":"done","start":907.15,"end":907.43},{"text":"in","start":907.43,"end":907.63},{"text":"accordance","start":907.63,"end":908.07},{"text":"with","start":908.07,"end":908.23},{"text":"international","start":908.23,"end":909.03},{"text":"law","start":909.03,"end":909.11},{"text":"and","start":909.59,"end":909.75},{"text":"the","start":909.75,"end":909.83},{"text":"principle","start":909.83,"end":910.31},{"text":"of","start":910.31,"end":910.55},{"text":"non-appropriation","start":910.55,"end":911.51},{"text":"of","start":911.51,"end":911.75},{"text":"outer","start":913.35,"end":914.71},{"text":"space.","start":914.71,"end":915.11}]},{"text":"Mr. Chair, the outer space environment has been significantly impacted by the growing number of space objects.","start":915.91,"end":922.47,"topics":[{"key":"space-debris-sustainability","label":"Space Debris and Sustainability","description":"The sustainability of the space environment was a recurring concern, especially the creation of debris through destructive anti-satellite tests or deliberate destruction of space systems. Speakers also referred to congestion, debris mitigation, debris removal, and the need to keep space activities safe and predictable over the long term."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":915.91,"end":916.23},{"text":"Chair,","start":916.23,"end":916.55},{"text":"the","start":917.51,"end":917.67},{"text":"outer","start":917.67,"end":917.91},{"text":"space","start":917.91,"end":918.23},{"text":"environment","start":918.23,"end":918.71},{"text":"has","start":918.71,"end":918.87},{"text":"been","start":918.87,"end":919.03},{"text":"significantly","start":919.03,"end":919.71},{"text":"impacted","start":919.71,"end":920.47},{"text":"by","start":920.47,"end":920.63},{"text":"the","start":920.63,"end":920.71},{"text":"growing","start":920.71,"end":921.07},{"text":"number","start":921.07,"end":921.39},{"text":"of","start":921.39,"end":921.51},{"text":"space","start":921.51,"end":921.91},{"text":"objects.","start":921.91,"end":922.47}]},{"text":"The distinction between peaceful and military applications of outer space has become increasingly blurred.","start":923.35,"end":929.59,"topics":[{"key":"paros-legal-instrument","label":"Legally Binding PAROS Instrument","description":"A central topic was the call for negotiations on a legally binding, verifiable instrument to prevent an arms race in outer space. Speakers discussed banning the placement of weapons in space, prohibiting attacks on space objects, and using the Conference on Disarmament and the OEWG to advance treaty language."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":923.35,"end":923.47},{"text":"distinction","start":923.47,"end":924.15},{"text":"between","start":924.79,"end":925.11},{"text":"peaceful","start":925.11,"end":925.55},{"text":"and","start":925.55,"end":925.67},{"text":"military","start":925.67,"end":926.07},{"text":"applications","start":926.07,"end":926.71},{"text":"of","start":926.71,"end":926.87},{"text":"outer","start":926.87,"end":927.11},{"text":"space","start":927.11,"end":927.43},{"text":"has","start":927.43,"end":927.59},{"text":"become","start":927.59,"end":928.07},{"text":"increasingly","start":928.39,"end":929.11},{"text":"blurred.","start":929.19,"end":929.59}]},{"text":"This highlights the urgent need to strengthen the current legal framework and security aspects of outer space to address the emerging threats.","start":929.83,"end":937.27,"topics":[{"key":"paros-legal-instrument","label":"Legally Binding PAROS Instrument","description":"A central topic was the call for negotiations on a legally binding, verifiable instrument to prevent an arms race in outer space. Speakers discussed banning the placement of weapons in space, prohibiting attacks on space objects, and using the Conference on Disarmament and the OEWG to advance treaty language."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":929.83,"end":930.31},{"text":"highlights","start":930.39,"end":930.87},{"text":"the","start":930.87,"end":930.99},{"text":"urgent","start":930.99,"end":931.47},{"text":"need","start":931.47,"end":931.63},{"text":"to","start":931.63,"end":931.99},{"text":"strengthen","start":931.99,"end":932.55},{"text":"the","start":932.55,"end":932.67},{"text":"current","start":932.67,"end":933.07},{"text":"legal","start":933.07,"end":933.39},{"text":"framework","start":933.39,"end":933.91},{"text":"and","start":934.15,"end":934.31},{"text":"security","start":934.31,"end":934.75},{"text":"aspects","start":934.75,"end":935.19},{"text":"of","start":935.19,"end":935.27},{"text":"outer","start":935.27,"end":935.51},{"text":"space","start":935.51,"end":935.83},{"text":"to","start":935.83,"end":935.99},{"text":"address","start":935.99,"end":936.31},{"text":"the","start":936.31,"end":936.43},{"text":"emerging","start":936.43,"end":936.87},{"text":"threats.","start":936.87,"end":937.27}]},{"text":"Bangladesh re-emphasizes the urgent need for the commencement of substantive negotiation in the Conference on Disarmament on a legally binding and multilaterally verifiable instrument on the prevention of an arms race in outer space in all its aspects.","start":938.87,"end":954.75,"topics":[{"key":"paros-legal-instrument","label":"Legally Binding PAROS Instrument","description":"A central topic was the call for negotiations on a legally binding, verifiable instrument to prevent an arms race in outer space. 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Many delegations described these measures as practical steps that should complement, and in some cases help prepare, future legal instruments."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":958.35,"end":958.51},{"text":"emphasize","start":958.51,"end":959.07},{"text":"the","start":959.07,"end":959.19},{"text":"necessity","start":959.19,"end":959.79},{"text":"for","start":959.79,"end":960.11},{"text":"improved","start":960.27,"end":960.83},{"text":"information","start":960.99,"end":961.55},{"text":"sharing","start":961.55,"end":961.95},{"text":"regarding","start":961.95,"end":962.35},{"text":"the","start":962.35,"end":962.47},{"text":"purpose","start":962.47,"end":962.87},{"text":"of","start":962.87,"end":962.95},{"text":"space","start":962.95,"end":963.31},{"text":"objects,","start":963.31,"end":963.79},{"text":"the","start":964.19,"end":964.31},{"text":"intentions","start":964.31,"end":964.91},{"text":"behind","start":964.91,"end":965.23},{"text":"operations,","start":965.23,"end":965.87},{"text":"and","start":965.87,"end":966.11},{"text":"the","start":966.11,"end":966.19},{"text":"corresponding","start":966.19,"end":966.83},{"text":"mechanisms.","start":966.83,"end":967.47}]},{"text":"We urge States not to use any space or ground-based capabilities, including anti-satellite.","start":967.55,"end":974.51,"topics":[{"key":"space-debris-sustainability","label":"Space Debris and Sustainability","description":"The sustainability of the space environment was a recurring concern, especially the creation of debris through destructive anti-satellite tests or deliberate destruction of space systems. 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Speakers discussed banning the placement of weapons in space, prohibiting attacks on space objects, and using the Conference on Disarmament and the OEWG to advance treaty language."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":967.55,"end":967.79},{"text":"urge","start":967.79,"end":968.03},{"text":"States","start":968.03,"end":968.51},{"text":"not","start":968.51,"end":968.79},{"text":"to","start":968.79,"end":968.87},{"text":"use","start":968.87,"end":969.15},{"text":"any","start":969.15,"end":969.55},{"text":"space","start":969.63,"end":970.11},{"text":"or","start":970.11,"end":970.27},{"text":"ground-based","start":970.27,"end":971.39},{"text":"capabilities,","start":972.27,"end":972.99},{"text":"including","start":972.99,"end":973.55},{"text":"anti-satellite.","start":973.71,"end":974.51}]},{"text":"whether exclusively military or multi-use, to deliberately damage or destroy space assets.","start":974.99,"end":979.83,"topics":[{"key":"space-debris-sustainability","label":"Space Debris and Sustainability","description":"The sustainability of the space environment was a recurring concern, especially the creation of debris through destructive anti-satellite tests or deliberate destruction of space systems. Speakers also referred to congestion, debris mitigation, debris removal, and the need to keep space activities safe and predictable over the long term."},{"key":"paros-legal-instrument","label":"Legally Binding PAROS Instrument","description":"A central topic was the call for negotiations on a legally binding, verifiable instrument to prevent an arms race in outer space. Speakers discussed banning the placement of weapons in space, prohibiting attacks on space objects, and using the Conference on Disarmament and the OEWG to advance treaty language."}],"words":[{"text":"whether","start":974.99,"end":975.35},{"text":"exclusively","start":975.35,"end":976.03},{"text":"military","start":976.03,"end":976.47},{"text":"or","start":976.47,"end":976.71},{"text":"multi-use,","start":976.71,"end":977.35},{"text":"to","start":977.35,"end":977.47},{"text":"deliberately","start":977.47,"end":978.07},{"text":"damage","start":978.07,"end":978.47},{"text":"or","start":978.47,"end":978.63},{"text":"destroy","start":978.63,"end":979.03},{"text":"space","start":979.03,"end":979.35},{"text":"assets.","start":979.35,"end":979.83}]},{"text":"We call on space-faring nations to respect applicable laws and norms on the use of weapons in outer space and develop appropriate and effective instruments that will prevent an arms race in outer space.","start":979.83,"end":991.19,"topics":[{"key":"paros-legal-instrument","label":"Legally Binding PAROS Instrument","description":"A central topic was the call for negotiations on a legally binding, verifiable instrument to prevent an arms race in outer space. Speakers discussed banning the placement of weapons in space, prohibiting attacks on space objects, and using the Conference on Disarmament and the OEWG to advance treaty language."},{"key":"space-behavior-norms","label":"Space Norms and Confidence-Building Measures","description":"Several statements emphasized norms, rules, principles of responsible behavior, transparency, and confidence-building measures as tools to reduce misunderstanding and escalation in space. Many delegations described these measures as practical steps that should complement, and in some cases help prepare, future legal instruments."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":979.83,"end":980.07},{"text":"call","start":980.07,"end":980.31},{"text":"on","start":980.31,"end":980.55},{"text":"space-faring","start":980.79,"end":981.51},{"text":"nations","start":981.51,"end":981.91},{"text":"to","start":981.91,"end":982.11},{"text":"respect","start":982.11,"end":982.55},{"text":"applicable","start":982.55,"end":983.23},{"text":"laws","start":983.23,"end":983.51},{"text":"and","start":983.51,"end":983.67},{"text":"norms","start":983.67,"end":984.15},{"text":"on","start":984.15,"end":984.31},{"text":"the","start":984.31,"end":984.39},{"text":"use","start":984.39,"end":984.63},{"text":"of","start":984.63,"end":984.87},{"text":"weapons","start":984.95,"end":985.43},{"text":"in","start":985.43,"end":985.67},{"text":"outer","start":985.67,"end":985.91},{"text":"space","start":985.91,"end":986.23},{"text":"and","start":986.23,"end":986.35},{"text":"develop","start":986.35,"end":986.79},{"text":"appropriate","start":986.79,"end":987.43},{"text":"and","start":987.59,"end":987.75},{"text":"effective","start":987.75,"end":988.15},{"text":"instruments","start":988.15,"end":988.71},{"text":"that","start":988.71,"end":988.95},{"text":"will","start":988.95,"end":989.11},{"text":"prevent","start":989.11,"end":989.59},{"text":"an","start":989.59,"end":989.67},{"text":"arms","start":989.67,"end":989.83},{"text":"race","start":989.83,"end":990.07},{"text":"in","start":990.07,"end":990.39},{"text":"outer","start":990.47,"end":990.79},{"text":"space.","start":990.79,"end":991.19}]},{"text":"Bangladesh underscores that activities in outer space must not remain the exclusive preserve of a small group of States.","start":991.31,"end":1000.15,"topics":[{"key":"space-access-capacity","label":"Equitable Access and Capacity Building in Space","description":"Delegations repeatedly called for international cooperation, technology sharing, and capacity building so that developing countries, emerging space actors, and small states can benefit from peaceful space activities. This included support through COPUOS, UNOOSA, regional initiatives, and national space development programmes."},{"key":"peaceful-space-use","label":"Peaceful Use of Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space is a global commons or common heritage of humankind and must be used exclusively for peaceful purposes. They linked this principle to non-appropriation, equal access, and the obligation to preserve space for the benefit of all states and future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"Bangladesh","start":991.31,"end":991.91},{"text":"underscores","start":993.03,"end":993.91},{"text":"that","start":993.91,"end":994.03},{"text":"activities","start":994.03,"end":994.55},{"text":"in","start":994.55,"end":994.71},{"text":"outer","start":994.71,"end":994.91},{"text":"space","start":994.91,"end":995.27},{"text":"must","start":995.75,"end":996.15},{"text":"not","start":996.15,"end":996.39},{"text":"remain","start":996.39,"end":996.87},{"text":"the","start":997.51,"end":997.55},{"text":"exclusive","start":997.55,"end":998.15},{"text":"preserve","start":998.15,"end":998.63},{"text":"of","start":998.71,"end":998.99},{"text":"a","start":998.99,"end":999.03},{"text":"small","start":999.03,"end":999.43},{"text":"group","start":999.43,"end":999.67},{"text":"of","start":999.67,"end":999.75},{"text":"States.","start":999.75,"end":1000.15}]},{"text":"We call for strengthening of capacity-building programmes, with particular emphasis on developing countries, to ensure that outer space is, both in principle and in practice, a truly global commons which all States can avail themselves to.","start":1000.15,"end":1012.47,"topics":[{"key":"space-access-capacity","label":"Equitable Access and Capacity Building in Space","description":"Delegations repeatedly called for international cooperation, technology sharing, and capacity building so that developing countries, emerging space actors, and small states can benefit from peaceful space activities. This included support through COPUOS, UNOOSA, regional initiatives, and national space development programmes."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":1000.15,"end":1000.39},{"text":"call","start":1000.39,"end":1000.55},{"text":"for","start":1000.55,"end":1000.79},{"text":"strengthening","start":1000.79,"end":1001.35},{"text":"of","start":1001.35,"end":1001.43},{"text":"capacity-building","start":1001.43,"end":1002.31},{"text":"programmes,","start":1002.31,"end":1002.87},{"text":"with","start":1002.87,"end":1003.11},{"text":"particular","start":1003.11,"end":1003.63},{"text":"emphasis","start":1003.63,"end":1004.07},{"text":"on","start":1004.07,"end":1004.23},{"text":"developing","start":1004.23,"end":1004.71},{"text":"countries,","start":1004.71,"end":1005.11},{"text":"to","start":1005.11,"end":1005.23},{"text":"ensure","start":1005.23,"end":1005.59},{"text":"that","start":1005.59,"end":1005.83},{"text":"outer","start":1005.83,"end":1006.11},{"text":"space","start":1006.11,"end":1006.47},{"text":"is,","start":1006.47,"end":1006.79},{"text":"both","start":1006.95,"end":1007.19},{"text":"in","start":1007.19,"end":1007.31},{"text":"principle","start":1007.31,"end":1007.83},{"text":"and","start":1007.83,"end":1008.07},{"text":"in","start":1008.07,"end":1008.15},{"text":"practice,","start":1008.15,"end":1008.55},{"text":"a","start":1008.55,"end":1008.59},{"text":"truly","start":1008.59,"end":1008.99},{"text":"global","start":1008.99,"end":1009.43},{"text":"commons","start":1010.15,"end":1010.47},{"text":"which","start":1010.47,"end":1010.71},{"text":"all","start":1010.71,"end":1010.87},{"text":"States","start":1010.87,"end":1011.27},{"text":"can","start":1011.27,"end":1011.43},{"text":"avail","start":1011.43,"end":1011.67},{"text":"themselves","start":1011.67,"end":1012.15},{"text":"to.","start":1012.15,"end":1012.47}]},{"text":"To conclude, the exploration and use of outer space must be carried out only for the benefit of all humankind and in the interest of all countries.","start":1013.27,"end":1020.63,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-space-use","label":"Peaceful Use of Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space is a global commons or common heritage of humankind and must be used exclusively for peaceful purposes. They linked this principle to non-appropriation, equal access, and the obligation to preserve space for the benefit of all states and future 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have the floor to the distinguished representative of Singapore.","start":1027.43,"end":1030.23,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":1027.43,"end":1027.51},{"text":"now","start":1027.51,"end":1027.59},{"text":"have","start":1027.59,"end":1027.71},{"text":"the","start":1027.71,"end":1027.79},{"text":"floor","start":1027.79,"end":1027.99},{"text":"to","start":1027.99,"end":1028.07},{"text":"the","start":1028.07,"end":1028.15},{"text":"distinguished","start":1028.15,"end":1028.79},{"text":"representative","start":1028.79,"end":1029.47},{"text":"of","start":1029.47,"end":1029.55},{"text":"Singapore.","start":1029.55,"end":1030.23}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"1st Committee","affiliation_full":"1st Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":12,"start":1033.11,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c1/80/17?lang=en&t=1034","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Mr Chair.","start":1033.11,"end":1034.23,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":1033.11,"end":1033.43},{"text":"you,","start":1033.43,"end":1033.51},{"text":"Mr","start":1033.51,"end":1033.83},{"text":"Chair.","start":1033.83,"end":1034.23}]},{"text":"Singapore aligns itself with the statements delivered by Laos on behalf of ASEAN and Indonesia on behalf of NAM.","start":1034.71,"end":1041.51,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Singapore","start":1034.71,"end":1035.15},{"text":"aligns","start":1035.15,"end":1035.55},{"text":"itself","start":1035.55,"end":1036.07},{"text":"with","start":1036.07,"end":1036.19},{"text":"the","start":1036.19,"end":1036.27},{"text":"statements","start":1036.27,"end":1036.87},{"text":"delivered","start":1036.87,"end":1037.35},{"text":"by","start":1037.35,"end":1037.51},{"text":"Laos","start":1037.51,"end":1037.87},{"text":"on","start":1037.87,"end":1037.99},{"text":"behalf","start":1037.99,"end":1038.47},{"text":"of","start":1038.47,"end":1038.55},{"text":"ASEAN","start":1038.55,"end":1039.11},{"text":"and","start":1039.35,"end":1039.67},{"text":"Indonesia","start":1039.67,"end":1040.39},{"text":"on","start":1040.39,"end":1040.55},{"text":"behalf","start":1040.55,"end":1040.91},{"text":"of","start":1040.91,"end":1041.03},{"text":"NAM.","start":1041.03,"end":1041.51}]},{"text":"We would like to offer three additional points in our national capacity.","start":1042.23,"end":1045.91,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":1042.23,"end":1042.31},{"text":"would","start":1042.31,"end":1042.43},{"text":"like","start":1042.43,"end":1042.59},{"text":"to","start":1042.59,"end":1042.67},{"text":"offer","start":1042.67,"end":1043.03},{"text":"three","start":1043.03,"end":1043.35},{"text":"additional","start":1043.35,"end":1043.83},{"text":"points","start":1043.83,"end":1044.31},{"text":"in","start":1044.31,"end":1044.55},{"text":"our","start":1044.55,"end":1044.63},{"text":"national","start":1044.63,"end":1045.11},{"text":"capacity.","start":1045.11,"end":1045.91}]},{"text":"First, outer space should remain a peaceful global commons that is accessible to all humankind.","start":1046.55,"end":1052.55,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-space-use","label":"Peaceful Use of Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space is a global commons or common heritage of humankind and must be used 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They linked this principle to non-appropriation, equal access, and the obligation to preserve space for the benefit of all states and future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"First,","start":1046.55,"end":1047.19},{"text":"outer","start":1047.43,"end":1047.67},{"text":"space","start":1047.67,"end":1048.03},{"text":"should","start":1048.03,"end":1048.23},{"text":"remain","start":1048.23,"end":1048.79},{"text":"a","start":1048.87,"end":1048.91},{"text":"peaceful","start":1048.91,"end":1049.51},{"text":"global","start":1049.51,"end":1049.91},{"text":"commons","start":1049.91,"end":1050.47},{"text":"that","start":1050.51,"end":1050.67},{"text":"is","start":1050.67,"end":1050.79},{"text":"accessible","start":1050.79,"end":1051.35},{"text":"to","start":1051.35,"end":1051.59},{"text":"all","start":1051.59,"end":1051.75},{"text":"humankind.","start":1051.75,"end":1052.55}]},{"text":"No state should appropriate outer space by claim of sovereignty, by means of use or occupation, or by any other means.","start":1053.31,"end":1060.83,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-space-use","label":"Peaceful Use of Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space is a global commons or common heritage of humankind and must be used exclusively for peaceful purposes. They linked this principle to non-appropriation, equal access, and the obligation to preserve space for the benefit of all states and future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"No","start":1053.31,"end":1053.47},{"text":"state","start":1053.47,"end":1053.87},{"text":"should","start":1053.87,"end":1054.11},{"text":"appropriate","start":1054.11,"end":1054.75},{"text":"outer","start":1054.75,"end":1054.99},{"text":"space","start":1054.99,"end":1055.39},{"text":"by","start":1055.39,"end":1055.55},{"text":"claim","start":1055.55,"end":1055.87},{"text":"of","start":1055.87,"end":1055.95},{"text":"sovereignty,","start":1055.95,"end":1056.75},{"text":"by","start":1057.07,"end":1057.15},{"text":"means","start":1057.15,"end":1057.59},{"text":"of","start":1057.59,"end":1057.71},{"text":"use","start":1057.71,"end":1058.11},{"text":"or","start":1058.11,"end":1058.39},{"text":"occupation,","start":1058.39,"end":1059.31},{"text":"or","start":1059.31,"end":1059.55},{"text":"by","start":1059.55,"end":1059.79},{"text":"any","start":1059.79,"end":1060.03},{"text":"other","start":1060.03,"end":1060.27},{"text":"means.","start":1060.27,"end":1060.83}]},{"text":"We must continue to uphold a rules-based approach to outer space governance based on international law, including the 1967 Outer Space Treaty and other relevant international law.","start":1061.47,"end":1073.71,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-space-use","label":"Peaceful Use of Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space is a global commons or common heritage of humankind and must be used exclusively for peaceful purposes. They linked this principle to non-appropriation, equal access, and the obligation to preserve space for the benefit of all states and future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":1061.47,"end":1061.63},{"text":"must","start":1061.63,"end":1061.87},{"text":"continue","start":1061.87,"end":1062.43},{"text":"to","start":1062.43,"end":1062.55},{"text":"uphold","start":1062.55,"end":1063.15},{"text":"a","start":1063.15,"end":1063.23},{"text":"rules-based","start":1063.23,"end":1063.99},{"text":"approach","start":1063.99,"end":1064.43},{"text":"to","start":1064.43,"end":1064.59},{"text":"outer","start":1064.59,"end":1064.83},{"text":"space","start":1064.83,"end":1065.23},{"text":"governance","start":1065.23,"end":1065.95},{"text":"based","start":1065.95,"end":1066.27},{"text":"on","start":1066.27,"end":1066.43},{"text":"international","start":1066.43,"end":1067.39},{"text":"law,","start":1067.39,"end":1067.47},{"text":"including","start":1067.95,"end":1068.59},{"text":"the","start":1068.59,"end":1068.67},{"text":"1967","start":1068.67,"end":1069.95},{"text":"Outer","start":1069.95,"end":1070.27},{"text":"Space","start":1070.27,"end":1070.75},{"text":"Treaty","start":1070.75,"end":1071.31},{"text":"and","start":1071.63,"end":1071.95},{"text":"other","start":1071.95,"end":1072.23},{"text":"relevant","start":1072.23,"end":1072.67},{"text":"international","start":1072.67,"end":1073.63},{"text":"law.","start":1073.63,"end":1073.71}]},{"text":"Singapore supports practical approaches towards shaping a common framework for outer space security, whether through the development of norms of responsible behaviours in outer space or a legally binding and verifiable instrument in the future.","start":1074.75,"end":1089.83,"topics":[{"key":"space-behavior-norms","label":"Space Norms and Confidence-Building Measures","description":"Several statements emphasized norms, rules, principles of responsible behavior, transparency, and confidence-building measures as tools to reduce misunderstanding and escalation in space. 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Speakers discussed banning the placement of weapons in space, prohibiting attacks on space objects, and using the Conference on Disarmament and the OEWG to advance treaty language."}],"words":[{"text":"Singapore","start":1074.75,"end":1075.03},{"text":"supports","start":1075.03,"end":1075.51},{"text":"practical","start":1075.51,"end":1075.99},{"text":"approaches","start":1075.99,"end":1076.63},{"text":"towards","start":1076.63,"end":1077.11},{"text":"shaping","start":1077.11,"end":1077.75},{"text":"a","start":1077.75,"end":1077.83},{"text":"common","start":1077.83,"end":1078.31},{"text":"framework","start":1078.31,"end":1078.87},{"text":"for","start":1078.87,"end":1079.11},{"text":"outer","start":1079.11,"end":1079.35},{"text":"space","start":1079.35,"end":1079.71},{"text":"security,","start":1079.71,"end":1080.47},{"text":"whether","start":1080.79,"end":1081.19},{"text":"through","start":1081.19,"end":1081.43},{"text":"the","start":1081.43,"end":1081.51},{"text":"development","start":1081.51,"end":1082.19},{"text":"of","start":1082.19,"end":1082.31},{"text":"norms","start":1082.31,"end":1082.75},{"text":"of","start":1082.75,"end":1082.87},{"text":"responsible","start":1082.87,"end":1083.51},{"text":"behaviours","start":1083.51,"end":1084.39},{"text":"in","start":1084.79,"end":1084.95},{"text":"outer","start":1084.95,"end":1085.27},{"text":"space","start":1085.27,"end":1085.83},{"text":"or","start":1086.07,"end":1086.43},{"text":"a","start":1086.43,"end":1086.47},{"text":"legally","start":1086.47,"end":1086.95},{"text":"binding","start":1086.95,"end":1087.51},{"text":"and","start":1087.51,"end":1087.75},{"text":"verifiable","start":1087.75,"end":1088.39},{"text":"instrument","start":1088.39,"end":1089.03},{"text":"in","start":1089.03,"end":1089.19},{"text":"the","start":1089.19,"end":1089.27},{"text":"future.","start":1089.27,"end":1089.83}]},{"text":"We view both types of measures as complementary and encourage all states to engage in constructive conversations moving forward.","start":1090.39,"end":1097.99,"topics":[{"key":"space-behavior-norms","label":"Space Norms and Confidence-Building Measures","description":"Several statements emphasized norms, rules, principles of responsible behavior, transparency, and confidence-building measures as tools to reduce misunderstanding and escalation in space. Many delegations described these measures as practical steps that should complement, and in some cases help prepare, future legal instruments."},{"key":"paros-legal-instrument","label":"Legally Binding PAROS Instrument","description":"A central topic was the call for negotiations on a legally binding, verifiable instrument to prevent an arms race in outer space. Speakers discussed banning the placement of weapons in space, prohibiting attacks on space objects, and using the Conference on Disarmament and the OEWG to advance treaty language."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":1090.39,"end":1090.51},{"text":"view","start":1090.55,"end":1090.79},{"text":"both","start":1090.79,"end":1091.11},{"text":"types","start":1091.11,"end":1091.43},{"text":"of","start":1091.43,"end":1091.51},{"text":"measures","start":1091.51,"end":1092.07},{"text":"as","start":1092.07,"end":1092.23},{"text":"complementary","start":1092.23,"end":1093.19},{"text":"and","start":1093.27,"end":1093.39},{"text":"encourage","start":1093.43,"end":1094.07},{"text":"all","start":1094.07,"end":1094.31},{"text":"states","start":1094.31,"end":1094.79},{"text":"to","start":1094.79,"end":1094.91},{"text":"engage","start":1094.91,"end":1095.35},{"text":"in","start":1095.35,"end":1095.51},{"text":"constructive","start":1095.51,"end":1096.15},{"text":"conversations","start":1096.15,"end":1097.03},{"text":"moving","start":1097.03,"end":1097.43},{"text":"forward.","start":1097.43,"end":1097.99}]},{"text":"Second, we must take concrete steps to facilitate open and effective communication between spacefaring nations.","start":1099.15,"end":1106.35,"topics":[{"key":"space-behavior-norms","label":"Space Norms and Confidence-Building Measures","description":"Several statements emphasized norms, rules, principles of responsible behavior, transparency, and confidence-building measures as tools to reduce misunderstanding and escalation in space. Many delegations described these measures as practical steps that should complement, and in some cases help prepare, future legal instruments."}],"words":[{"text":"Second,","start":1099.15,"end":1099.55},{"text":"we","start":1099.71,"end":1099.87},{"text":"must","start":1099.87,"end":1100.23},{"text":"take","start":1100.23,"end":1100.47},{"text":"concrete","start":1100.47,"end":1100.91},{"text":"steps","start":1100.91,"end":1101.31},{"text":"to","start":1101.31,"end":1101.43},{"text":"facilitate","start":1101.43,"end":1102.27},{"text":"open","start":1102.27,"end":1102.83},{"text":"and","start":1102.83,"end":1103.15},{"text":"effective","start":1103.15,"end":1103.63},{"text":"communication","start":1103.63,"end":1104.51},{"text":"between","start":1104.51,"end":1104.99},{"text":"spacefaring","start":1104.99,"end":1105.71},{"text":"nations.","start":1105.71,"end":1106.35}]},{"text":"We encourage all Member States to build on achieved consensus, such as the 2013 GGE on transparency and confidence-building measures in outer space activities, and the 2024 GGE on further practical measures for PAROS.","start":1106.91,"end":1123.23,"topics":[{"key":"space-behavior-norms","label":"Space Norms and Confidence-Building Measures","description":"Several statements emphasized norms, rules, principles of responsible behavior, transparency, and confidence-building measures as tools to reduce misunderstanding and escalation in space. Many delegations described these measures as practical steps that should complement, and in some cases help prepare, future legal instruments."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":1106.91,"end":1107.07},{"text":"encourage","start":1107.07,"end":1107.55},{"text":"all","start":1107.55,"end":1107.71},{"text":"Member","start":1107.71,"end":1108.07},{"text":"States","start":1108.07,"end":1108.43},{"text":"to","start":1108.43,"end":1108.59},{"text":"build","start":1108.59,"end":1108.87},{"text":"on","start":1108.87,"end":1108.99},{"text":"achieved","start":1108.99,"end":1109.39},{"text":"consensus,","start":1109.39,"end":1110.27},{"text":"such","start":1110.59,"end":1110.95},{"text":"as","start":1110.95,"end":1111.15},{"text":"the","start":1111.15,"end":1111.27},{"text":"2013","start":1111.31,"end":1112.27},{"text":"GGE","start":1112.27,"end":1113.07},{"text":"on","start":1113.07,"end":1113.23},{"text":"transparency","start":1113.23,"end":1114.15},{"text":"and","start":1114.15,"end":1114.35},{"text":"confidence-building","start":1114.35,"end":1115.31},{"text":"measures","start":1115.31,"end":1115.79},{"text":"in","start":1115.79,"end":1115.95},{"text":"outer","start":1115.95,"end":1116.19},{"text":"space","start":1116.19,"end":1116.67},{"text":"activities,","start":1116.67,"end":1117.55},{"text":"and","start":1117.87,"end":1118.35},{"text":"the","start":1118.35,"end":1118.43},{"text":"2024","start":1118.43,"end":1119.31},{"text":"GGE","start":1119.31,"end":1120.19},{"text":"on","start":1120.51,"end":1120.75},{"text":"further","start":1120.83,"end":1121.27},{"text":"practical","start":1121.27,"end":1121.79},{"text":"measures","start":1121.79,"end":1122.35},{"text":"for","start":1122.35,"end":1122.51},{"text":"PAROS.","start":1122.51,"end":1123.23}]},{"text":"Singapore supports the conduct of outer space activities in a transparent manner.","start":1123.71,"end":1128.19,"topics":[{"key":"space-behavior-norms","label":"Space Norms and Confidence-Building Measures","description":"Several statements emphasized norms, rules, principles of responsible behavior, transparency, and confidence-building measures as tools to reduce misunderstanding and escalation in space. Many delegations described these measures as practical steps that should complement, and in some cases help prepare, future legal instruments."}],"words":[{"text":"Singapore","start":1123.71,"end":1124.11},{"text":"supports","start":1124.11,"end":1124.59},{"text":"the","start":1124.59,"end":1124.67},{"text":"conduct","start":1124.67,"end":1125.19},{"text":"of","start":1125.19,"end":1125.31},{"text":"outer","start":1125.39,"end":1125.63},{"text":"space","start":1125.63,"end":1125.99},{"text":"activities","start":1125.99,"end":1126.83},{"text":"in","start":1126.83,"end":1126.99},{"text":"a","start":1126.99,"end":1127.03},{"text":"transparent","start":1127.03,"end":1127.71},{"text":"manner.","start":1127.71,"end":1128.19}]},{"text":"including in proximity operations, where advance notification should be provided to the extent practicable.","start":1128.79,"end":1134.79,"topics":[{"key":"space-behavior-norms","label":"Space Norms and Confidence-Building Measures","description":"Several statements emphasized norms, rules, principles of responsible behavior, transparency, and confidence-building measures as tools to reduce misunderstanding and escalation in space. 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Many delegations described these measures as practical steps that should complement, and in some cases help prepare, future legal instruments."}],"words":[{"text":"While","start":1135.55,"end":1135.75},{"text":"such","start":1135.75,"end":1135.99},{"text":"operations","start":1135.99,"end":1136.71},{"text":"may","start":1136.71,"end":1136.83},{"text":"be","start":1136.83,"end":1136.95},{"text":"conducted","start":1136.95,"end":1137.47},{"text":"for","start":1137.47,"end":1137.63},{"text":"peaceful","start":1137.63,"end":1138.15},{"text":"purposes,","start":1138.15,"end":1138.87},{"text":"they","start":1139.19,"end":1139.35},{"text":"may","start":1139.35,"end":1139.51},{"text":"be","start":1139.51,"end":1139.67},{"text":"misinterpreted","start":1139.67,"end":1140.39},{"text":"by","start":1140.39,"end":1140.51},{"text":"others","start":1140.51,"end":1141.11},{"text":"and","start":1141.11,"end":1141.39},{"text":"lead","start":1141.39,"end":1141.51},{"text":"to","start":1141.51,"end":1141.75},{"text":"unintended","start":1141.75,"end":1142.47},{"text":"escalations.","start":1142.47,"end":1143.43}]},{"text":"Third, discussions on outer space must be conducted in an inclusive manner.","start":1144.39,"end":1149.35,"topics":[{"key":"space-access-capacity","label":"Equitable Access and Capacity Building in Space","description":"Delegations repeatedly called for international cooperation, technology sharing, and capacity building so that developing countries, emerging space actors, and small states can benefit from peaceful space activities. This included support through COPUOS, UNOOSA, regional initiatives, and national space development programmes."}],"words":[{"text":"Third,","start":1144.39,"end":1144.59},{"text":"discussions","start":1145.27,"end":1145.87},{"text":"on","start":1145.87,"end":1145.99},{"text":"outer","start":1145.99,"end":1146.31},{"text":"space","start":1146.31,"end":1146.79},{"text":"must","start":1146.79,"end":1147.07},{"text":"be","start":1147.07,"end":1147.19},{"text":"conducted","start":1147.19,"end":1147.83},{"text":"in","start":1147.99,"end":1148.23},{"text":"an","start":1148.23,"end":1148.31},{"text":"inclusive","start":1148.31,"end":1148.95},{"text":"manner.","start":1148.95,"end":1149.35}]},{"text":"We welcome the progress towards substantive and constructive discussions at the second substantive session of the OEWG on PAROS in all its aspects in July this year.","start":1150.03,"end":1160.39,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":1150.03,"end":1150.11},{"text":"welcome","start":1150.11,"end":1150.47},{"text":"the","start":1150.47,"end":1150.59},{"text":"progress","start":1150.59,"end":1151.15},{"text":"towards","start":1151.15,"end":1151.51},{"text":"substantive","start":1151.51,"end":1152.35},{"text":"and","start":1152.35,"end":1152.59},{"text":"constructive","start":1152.59,"end":1153.23},{"text":"discussions","start":1153.23,"end":1153.95},{"text":"at","start":1154.11,"end":1154.35},{"text":"the","start":1154.35,"end":1154.43},{"text":"second","start":1154.43,"end":1154.67},{"text":"substantive","start":1154.67,"end":1155.47},{"text":"session","start":1155.47,"end":1156.03},{"text":"of","start":1156.27,"end":1156.43},{"text":"the","start":1156.43,"end":1156.51},{"text":"OEWG","start":1156.51,"end":1157.47},{"text":"on","start":1157.47,"end":1157.63},{"text":"PAROS","start":1157.63,"end":1158.27},{"text":"in","start":1158.27,"end":1158.43},{"text":"all","start":1158.43,"end":1158.59},{"text":"its","start":1158.59,"end":1158.91},{"text":"aspects","start":1158.91,"end":1159.39},{"text":"in","start":1159.39,"end":1159.55},{"text":"July","start":1159.55,"end":1159.95},{"text":"this","start":1159.95,"end":1160.19},{"text":"year.","start":1160.19,"end":1160.39}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"To do our part,","start":1161.31,"end":1162.27,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"To","start":1161.31,"end":1161.47},{"text":"do","start":1161.47,"end":1161.63},{"text":"our","start":1161.63,"end":1161.83},{"text":"part,","start":1161.83,"end":1162.27}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"Singapore, together with Australia and the UN Regional Centre for Peace and Disarmament in Asia and the Pacific, organized two virtual capacity building workshops for regional member states earlier this year, which we hope will encourage greater participation from delegations in outer space security discussions.","start":1162.43,"end":1183.27,"topics":[{"key":"space-access-capacity","label":"Equitable Access and Capacity Building in Space","description":"Delegations repeatedly called for international cooperation, technology sharing, and capacity building so that developing countries, emerging space actors, and small states can benefit from peaceful space activities. 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recognize outer space as a common heritage of mankind and the inalienable sovereign rights of all states to explore and use it exclusively for peaceful purposes, benefiting all states irrespective of their development levels.","start":1217.75,"end":1232.87,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-space-use","label":"Peaceful Use of Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space is a global commons or common heritage of humankind and must be used exclusively for peaceful purposes. They linked this principle to non-appropriation, equal access, and the obligation to preserve space for the benefit of all states and future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":1217.75,"end":1218.15},{"text":"recognize","start":1218.15,"end":1218.79},{"text":"outer","start":1218.79,"end":1219.03},{"text":"space","start":1219.03,"end":1219.39},{"text":"as","start":1219.39,"end":1219.51},{"text":"a","start":1219.51,"end":1219.75},{"text":"common","start":1219.75,"end":1220.07},{"text":"heritage","start":1220.07,"end":1220.47},{"text":"of","start":1220.47,"end":1220.55},{"text":"mankind","start":1220.55,"end":1221.27},{"text":"and","start":1221.67,"end":1221.87},{"text":"the","start":1221.87,"end":1221.95},{"text":"inalienable","start":1221.95,"end":1223.11},{"text":"sovereign","start":1223.11,"end":1223.51},{"text":"rights","start":1223.51,"end":1223.91},{"text":"of","start":1223.95,"end":1224.07},{"text":"all","start":1224.11,"end":1224.31},{"text":"states","start":1224.31,"end":1224.83},{"text":"to","start":1224.83,"end":1224.91},{"text":"explore","start":1224.91,"end":1225.51},{"text":"and","start":1225.51,"end":1225.83},{"text":"use","start":1225.83,"end":1226.11},{"text":"it","start":1226.11,"end":1226.39},{"text":"exclusively","start":1226.55,"end":1227.27},{"text":"for","start":1227.27,"end":1227.51},{"text":"peaceful","start":1227.51,"end":1227.83},{"text":"purposes,","start":1227.83,"end":1228.47},{"text":"benefiting","start":1229.03,"end":1229.59},{"text":"all","start":1229.59,"end":1229.75},{"text":"states","start":1229.75,"end":1230.39},{"text":"irrespective","start":1230.47,"end":1231.35},{"text":"of","start":1231.35,"end":1231.43},{"text":"their","start":1231.43,"end":1231.59},{"text":"development","start":1231.59,"end":1232.23},{"text":"levels.","start":1232.31,"end":1232.87}]},{"text":"We express serious concerns over the threats from possible weaponization of outer space.","start":1233.27,"end":1239.03,"topics":[{"key":"paros-legal-instrument","label":"Legally Binding PAROS Instrument","description":"A central topic was the call for negotiations on a legally binding, verifiable instrument to prevent an arms race in outer space. Speakers discussed banning the placement of weapons in space, prohibiting attacks on space objects, and using the Conference on Disarmament and the OEWG to advance treaty language."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":1233.27,"end":1233.59},{"text":"express","start":1233.59,"end":1234.11},{"text":"serious","start":1234.11,"end":1234.43},{"text":"concerns","start":1234.43,"end":1235.03},{"text":"over","start":1235.03,"end":1235.43},{"text":"the","start":1235.43,"end":1235.67},{"text":"threats","start":1235.67,"end":1236.23},{"text":"from","start":1236.47,"end":1236.71},{"text":"possible","start":1236.71,"end":1237.19},{"text":"weaponization","start":1237.19,"end":1238.15},{"text":"of","start":1238.23,"end":1238.31},{"text":"outer","start":1238.31,"end":1238.55},{"text":"space.","start":1238.55,"end":1239.03}]},{"text":"Preventing an arms race in outer space is imperative for international peace and security and must be addressed holistically through legally binding instruments, our priority that cannot be delayed or substituted.","start":1239.87,"end":1252.31,"topics":[{"key":"paros-legal-instrument","label":"Legally Binding PAROS Instrument","description":"A central topic was the call for negotiations on a legally binding, verifiable instrument to prevent an arms race in outer space. 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Many delegations described these measures as practical steps that should complement, and in some cases help prepare, future legal instruments."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":1253.19,"end":1253.35},{"text":"welcome","start":1253.35,"end":1253.67},{"text":"decision","start":1253.67,"end":1254.15},{"text":"79/512,","start":1254.15,"end":1256.15},{"text":"establishing","start":1256.31,"end":1256.95},{"text":"the","start":1256.95,"end":1257.07},{"text":"Open-Ended","start":1257.11,"end":1257.67},{"text":"Working","start":1257.67,"end":1258.07},{"text":"Group","start":1258.07,"end":1258.39},{"text":"on","start":1258.63,"end":1258.83},{"text":"the","start":1258.83,"end":1258.95},{"text":"Prevention","start":1258.95,"end":1259.59},{"text":"of","start":1259.59,"end":1259.71},{"text":"an","start":1259.71,"end":1259.91},{"text":"Arms","start":1259.91,"end":1260.15},{"text":"Race","start":1260.15,"end":1260.55},{"text":"in","start":1260.71,"end":1260.87},{"text":"Outer","start":1260.87,"end":1261.11},{"text":"Space,","start":1261.11,"end":1261.59},{"text":"or","start":1262.47,"end":1262.79},{"text":"PAROS,","start":1262.79,"end":1263.35},{"text":"and","start":1263.99,"end":1264.23},{"text":"call","start":1264.23,"end":1264.55},{"text":"for","start":1264.55,"end":1264.71},{"text":"constructive","start":1264.71,"end":1265.27},{"text":"engagement","start":1265.27,"end":1265.87},{"text":"to","start":1265.87,"end":1265.99},{"text":"consolidate","start":1265.99,"end":1266.71},{"text":"UN","start":1266.71,"end":1266.99},{"text":"discussions","start":1266.99,"end":1267.67},{"text":"and","start":1267.99,"end":1268.19},{"text":"avoid","start":1268.19,"end":1268.59},{"text":"duplication.","start":1268.59,"end":1269.35}]},{"text":"The Conference on Disarmament, as a sole multilateral negotiating forum, must establish a dedicated powers organ to negotiate prohibition of any weapons deployment and attacks against space objects.","start":1269.91,"end":1282.35,"topics":[{"key":"paros-legal-instrument","label":"Legally Binding PAROS Instrument","description":"A central topic was the call for negotiations on a legally binding, verifiable instrument to prevent an arms race in outer space. 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Many delegations described these measures as practical steps that should complement, and in some cases help prepare, future legal instruments."},{"key":"paros-legal-instrument","label":"Legally Binding PAROS Instrument","description":"A central topic was the call for negotiations on a legally binding, verifiable instrument to prevent an arms race in outer space. Speakers discussed banning the placement of weapons in space, prohibiting attacks on space objects, and using the Conference on Disarmament and the OEWG to advance treaty language."}],"words":[{"text":"Transparency","start":1300.51,"end":1301.35},{"text":"and","start":1301.35,"end":1301.55},{"text":"confidence-building","start":1301.55,"end":1302.43},{"text":"measures","start":1302.43,"end":1302.99},{"text":"are","start":1302.99,"end":1303.31},{"text":"important","start":1303.31,"end":1303.91},{"text":"complementary","start":1303.91,"end":1304.59},{"text":"steps,","start":1304.59,"end":1305.07},{"text":"but","start":1305.39,"end":1305.59},{"text":"cannot","start":1305.59,"end":1306.03},{"text":"substitute","start":1306.03,"end":1306.71},{"text":"for","start":1306.71,"end":1306.87},{"text":"legally","start":1306.87,"end":1307.23},{"text":"binding","start":1307.23,"end":1307.67},{"text":"instruments.","start":1307.67,"end":1308.35}]},{"text":"We call upon States, especially those with major space capabilities, to contribute actively to peaceful uses and refrain from contrary actions.","start":1309.07,"end":1319.15,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-space-use","label":"Peaceful Use of Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space is a global commons or common heritage of humankind and must be used exclusively for peaceful purposes. They linked this principle to non-appropriation, equal access, and the obligation to preserve space for the benefit of all states and future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":1309.07,"end":1309.31},{"text":"call","start":1309.31,"end":1309.59},{"text":"upon","start":1309.59,"end":1309.79},{"text":"States,","start":1309.79,"end":1310.35},{"text":"especially","start":1310.59,"end":1311.23},{"text":"those","start":1311.23,"end":1311.55},{"text":"with","start":1311.55,"end":1311.79},{"text":"major","start":1311.79,"end":1312.19},{"text":"space","start":1312.19,"end":1312.67},{"text":"capabilities,","start":1312.67,"end":1313.63},{"text":"to","start":1314.03,"end":1314.15},{"text":"contribute","start":1314.15,"end":1314.67},{"text":"actively","start":1314.75,"end":1315.47},{"text":"to","start":1315.55,"end":1315.71},{"text":"peaceful","start":1315.71,"end":1316.15},{"text":"uses","start":1316.15,"end":1316.67},{"text":"and","start":1316.99,"end":1317.19},{"text":"refrain","start":1317.19,"end":1317.87},{"text":"from","start":1317.87,"end":1318.11},{"text":"contrary","start":1318.11,"end":1318.59},{"text":"actions.","start":1318.59,"end":1319.15}]},{"text":"We express concern over activities threatening space security and call for restraint and transparency.","start":1320.43,"end":1326.67,"topics":[{"key":"space-behavior-norms","label":"Space Norms and Confidence-Building Measures","description":"Several statements emphasized norms, rules, principles of responsible behavior, transparency, and confidence-building measures as tools to reduce misunderstanding and escalation in space. Many delegations described these measures as practical steps that should complement, and in some cases help prepare, future legal instruments."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":1320.43,"end":1320.63},{"text":"express","start":1320.63,"end":1321.07},{"text":"concern","start":1321.07,"end":1321.63},{"text":"over","start":1321.63,"end":1321.87},{"text":"activities","start":1321.87,"end":1322.67},{"text":"threatening","start":1322.79,"end":1323.23},{"text":"space","start":1323.23,"end":1323.67},{"text":"security","start":1323.67,"end":1324.27},{"text":"and","start":1324.27,"end":1324.43},{"text":"call","start":1324.43,"end":1324.67},{"text":"for","start":1324.67,"end":1324.87},{"text":"restraint","start":1324.87,"end":1325.55},{"text":"and","start":1325.55,"end":1325.83},{"text":"transparency.","start":1325.83,"end":1326.67}]},{"text":"We emphasize strengthening international cooperation based on equality and non-discrimination, per the Declaration on International Cooperation in Outer Space.","start":1327.63,"end":1337.95,"topics":[{"key":"space-access-capacity","label":"Equitable Access and Capacity Building in Space","description":"Delegations repeatedly called for international cooperation, technology sharing, and capacity building so that developing countries, emerging space actors, and small states can benefit from peaceful space activities. This included support through COPUOS, UNOOSA, regional initiatives, and national space development programmes."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":1327.63,"end":1327.87},{"text":"emphasize","start":1327.87,"end":1328.67},{"text":"strengthening","start":1328.67,"end":1329.39},{"text":"international","start":1329.39,"end":1330.11},{"text":"cooperation","start":1330.11,"end":1330.91},{"text":"based","start":1330.99,"end":1331.59},{"text":"on","start":1331.71,"end":1331.87},{"text":"equality","start":1331.87,"end":1332.67},{"text":"and","start":1332.75,"end":1332.95},{"text":"non-discrimination,","start":1332.95,"end":1333.95},{"text":"per","start":1334.43,"end":1334.67},{"text":"the","start":1334.67,"end":1334.83},{"text":"Declaration","start":1334.83,"end":1335.55},{"text":"on","start":1335.63,"end":1335.87},{"text":"International","start":1335.87,"end":1336.55},{"text":"Cooperation","start":1336.55,"end":1337.15},{"text":"in","start":1337.15,"end":1337.31},{"text":"Outer","start":1337.31,"end":1337.47},{"text":"Space.","start":1337.47,"end":1337.95}]},{"text":"Finally, developing countries must benefit equitably through capacity building, technology transfer, and information exchange without discriminatory restrictions.","start":1338.99,"end":1351.79,"topics":[{"key":"space-access-capacity","label":"Equitable Access and Capacity Building in Space","description":"Delegations repeatedly called for international cooperation, technology sharing, and capacity building so that developing countries, emerging space actors, and small states can benefit from peaceful space activities. This included support through COPUOS, UNOOSA, regional initiatives, and national space development programmes."}],"words":[{"text":"Finally,","start":1338.99,"end":1339.71},{"text":"developing","start":1340.51,"end":1341.07},{"text":"countries","start":1341.07,"end":1341.71},{"text":"must","start":1341.71,"end":1342.35},{"text":"benefit","start":1342.35,"end":1342.99},{"text":"equitably","start":1342.99,"end":1343.71},{"text":"through","start":1343.71,"end":1344.03},{"text":"capacity","start":1344.03,"end":1344.51},{"text":"building,","start":1344.51,"end":1345.07},{"text":"technology","start":1345.55,"end":1346.11},{"text":"transfer,","start":1346.11,"end":1346.83},{"text":"and","start":1347.15,"end":1347.47},{"text":"information","start":1347.47,"end":1348.03},{"text":"exchange","start":1348.03,"end":1348.59},{"text":"without","start":1348.75,"end":1349.55},{"text":"discriminatory","start":1349.99,"end":1350.99},{"text":"restrictions.","start":1350.99,"end":1351.79}]},{"text":"Any regulatory arrangements must not impede legitimate peaceful uses.","start":1352.83,"end":1357.71,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-space-use","label":"Peaceful Use of Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space is a global commons or common heritage of humankind and must be used exclusively for peaceful purposes. They linked this principle to non-appropriation, equal access, and the obligation to preserve space for the benefit of all states and future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"Any","start":1352.83,"end":1353.07},{"text":"regulatory","start":1353.07,"end":1353.79},{"text":"arrangements","start":1353.79,"end":1354.43},{"text":"must","start":1354.43,"end":1354.75},{"text":"not","start":1354.75,"end":1355.15},{"text":"impede","start":1355.15,"end":1355.87},{"text":"legitimate","start":1355.87,"end":1356.67},{"text":"peaceful","start":1356.67,"end":1357.15},{"text":"uses.","start":1357.15,"end":1357.71}]},{"text":"I thank you, Mr. Chair.","start":1357.95,"end":1359.07,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":1357.95,"end":1358.11},{"text":"thank","start":1358.11,"end":1358.35},{"text":"you,","start":1358.35,"end":1358.43},{"text":"Mr.","start":1358.43,"end":1358.75},{"text":"Chair.","start":1358.75,"end":1359.07}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"DZA","affiliation_full":"Algeria","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":15,"start":1361.87,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c1/80/17?lang=en&t=1362","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the representative of Algeria for his statement.","start":1361.87,"end":1364.47,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":1361.87,"end":1361.91},{"text":"thank","start":1361.91,"end":1362.19},{"text":"the","start":1362.19,"end":1362.27},{"text":"representative","start":1362.27,"end":1362.87},{"text":"of","start":1362.87,"end":1362.99},{"text":"Algeria","start":1363.03,"end":1363.47},{"text":"for","start":1363.47,"end":1363.63},{"text":"his","start":1363.63,"end":1363.87},{"text":"statement.","start":1363.87,"end":1364.47}]},{"text":"I give now the floor to His Excellency, Permanent Representative of Myanmar.","start":1364.47,"end":1368.27,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":1364.47,"end":1364.51},{"text":"give","start":1364.51,"end":1364.67},{"text":"now","start":1364.67,"end":1364.75},{"text":"the","start":1364.79,"end":1364.87},{"text":"floor","start":1364.91,"end":1365.15},{"text":"to","start":1365.15,"end":1365.27},{"text":"His","start":1365.55,"end":1365.79},{"text":"Excellency,","start":1365.79,"end":1366.35},{"text":"Permanent","start":1366.35,"end":1366.87},{"text":"Representative","start":1366.87,"end":1367.47},{"text":"of","start":1367.51,"end":1367.63},{"text":"Myanmar.","start":1367.63,"end":1368.27}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"1st Committee","affiliation_full":"1st Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":16,"start":1370.99,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c1/80/17?lang=en&t=1371","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Chair.","start":1370.99,"end":1371.87,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":1370.99,"end":1371.23},{"text":"you,","start":1371.23,"end":1371.47},{"text":"Chair.","start":1371.47,"end":1371.87}]},{"text":"Myanmar aligns itself with the statement of ASEAN and NAM.","start":1372.35,"end":1375.63,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Myanmar","start":1372.35,"end":1372.75},{"text":"aligns","start":1372.75,"end":1373.15},{"text":"itself","start":1373.15,"end":1373.51},{"text":"with","start":1373.55,"end":1373.75},{"text":"the","start":1373.75,"end":1373.87},{"text":"statement","start":1373.87,"end":1374.35},{"text":"of","start":1374.35,"end":1374.59},{"text":"ASEAN","start":1374.67,"end":1375.23},{"text":"and","start":1375.23,"end":1375.35},{"text":"NAM.","start":1375.35,"end":1375.63}]},{"text":"Mr. Chair, peaceful uses of outer space and space systems, including space technology, satellites, and space-based communications are indispensable to humanity.","start":1376.55,"end":1386.99,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-space-use","label":"Peaceful Use of Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space is a global commons or common heritage of humankind and must be used exclusively for peaceful purposes. They linked this principle to non-appropriation, equal access, and the obligation to preserve space for the benefit of all states and future generations."},{"key":"critical-infrastructure-protection","label":"Protection of Critical Civilian Infrastructure","description":"Many delegations highlighted that both satellites and digital networks underpin essential civilian services such as communications, navigation, aviation, weather forecasting, health, and disaster response. They warned that attacks on these systems, whether in space or cyberspace, would have serious humanitarian, economic, and security consequences."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":1376.55,"end":1376.79},{"text":"Chair,","start":1376.79,"end":1377.07},{"text":"peaceful","start":1377.07,"end":1377.55},{"text":"uses","start":1377.55,"end":1378.03},{"text":"of","start":1378.03,"end":1378.19},{"text":"outer","start":1378.19,"end":1378.43},{"text":"space","start":1378.43,"end":1378.83},{"text":"and","start":1378.87,"end":1379.03},{"text":"space","start":1379.03,"end":1379.35},{"text":"systems,","start":1379.35,"end":1379.87},{"text":"including","start":1380.03,"end":1380.59},{"text":"space","start":1380.59,"end":1380.91},{"text":"technology,","start":1380.91,"end":1381.79},{"text":"satellites,","start":1381.95,"end":1382.67},{"text":"and","start":1382.67,"end":1382.91},{"text":"space-based","start":1382.91,"end":1383.67},{"text":"communications","start":1383.67,"end":1384.67},{"text":"are","start":1384.67,"end":1384.83},{"text":"indispensable","start":1384.83,"end":1385.87},{"text":"to","start":1386.11,"end":1386.23},{"text":"humanity.","start":1386.23,"end":1386.99}]},{"text":"Myanmar reaffirms that access to outer space as an inalienable right of all states and its use for exclusively peaceful purposes.","start":1388.03,"end":1397.63,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-space-use","label":"Peaceful Use of Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space is a global commons or common heritage of humankind and must be used exclusively for peaceful purposes. They linked this principle to non-appropriation, equal access, and the obligation to preserve space for the benefit of all states and future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"Myanmar","start":1388.03,"end":1388.55},{"text":"reaffirms","start":1388.55,"end":1389.15},{"text":"that","start":1389.47,"end":1389.87},{"text":"access","start":1389.87,"end":1390.59},{"text":"to","start":1390.59,"end":1390.91},{"text":"outer","start":1390.91,"end":1391.15},{"text":"space","start":1391.15,"end":1391.63},{"text":"as","start":1391.63,"end":1391.83},{"text":"an","start":1391.83,"end":1391.95},{"text":"inalienable","start":1391.95,"end":1392.75},{"text":"right","start":1392.91,"end":1393.39},{"text":"of","start":1393.39,"end":1393.47},{"text":"all","start":1393.47,"end":1393.87},{"text":"states","start":1393.87,"end":1394.43},{"text":"and","start":1394.51,"end":1394.67},{"text":"its","start":1394.67,"end":1394.91},{"text":"use","start":1394.91,"end":1395.23},{"text":"for","start":1395.23,"end":1395.47},{"text":"exclusively","start":1395.47,"end":1396.35},{"text":"peaceful","start":1396.35,"end":1396.91},{"text":"purposes.","start":1396.91,"end":1397.63}]},{"text":"In this context, we underscore the importance of strengthening international cooperation and capacity building to assist the developing countries with their equitable access to outer space for peaceful use and sustainable development.","start":1398.03,"end":1413.43,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-space-use","label":"Peaceful Use of Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space is a global commons or common heritage of humankind and must be used exclusively for peaceful purposes. They linked this principle to non-appropriation, equal access, and the obligation to preserve space for the benefit of all states and future generations."},{"key":"space-access-capacity","label":"Equitable Access and Capacity Building in Space","description":"Delegations repeatedly called for international cooperation, technology sharing, and capacity building so that developing countries, emerging space actors, and small states can benefit from peaceful space activities. This included support through COPUOS, UNOOSA, regional initiatives, and national space development programmes."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":1398.03,"end":1398.19},{"text":"this","start":1398.19,"end":1398.43},{"text":"context,","start":1398.43,"end":1399.07},{"text":"we","start":1399.63,"end":1399.87},{"text":"underscore","start":1400.03,"end":1400.59},{"text":"the","start":1400.59,"end":1400.71},{"text":"importance","start":1400.71,"end":1401.47},{"text":"of","start":1401.55,"end":1401.63},{"text":"strengthening","start":1401.63,"end":1402.43},{"text":"international","start":1403.03,"end":1403.63},{"text":"cooperation","start":1403.63,"end":1404.19},{"text":"and","start":1404.19,"end":1404.31},{"text":"capacity","start":1404.31,"end":1404.87},{"text":"building","start":1404.87,"end":1405.35},{"text":"to","start":1405.35,"end":1405.51},{"text":"assist","start":1405.51,"end":1406.07},{"text":"the","start":1406.15,"end":1406.31},{"text":"developing","start":1406.31,"end":1406.87},{"text":"countries","start":1406.87,"end":1407.51},{"text":"with","start":1407.51,"end":1407.87},{"text":"their","start":1407.87,"end":1408.15},{"text":"equitable","start":1408.43,"end":1408.95},{"text":"access","start":1408.95,"end":1409.51},{"text":"to","start":1409.51,"end":1409.75},{"text":"outer","start":1409.75,"end":1409.99},{"text":"space","start":1409.99,"end":1410.39},{"text":"for","start":1410.39,"end":1410.59},{"text":"peaceful","start":1410.59,"end":1411.03},{"text":"use","start":1411.03,"end":1411.43},{"text":"and","start":1411.83,"end":1412.11},{"text":"sustainable","start":1412.11,"end":1412.71},{"text":"development.","start":1412.71,"end":1413.43}]},{"text":"As part of our initiation of its peaceful use, Myanmar collaborated with Japan on our first satellite development program under the elected civilian government.","start":1413.87,"end":1425.11,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-space-use","label":"Peaceful Use of Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space is a global commons or common heritage of humankind and must be used exclusively for peaceful purposes. 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This included support through COPUOS, UNOOSA, regional initiatives, and national space development programmes."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":1413.87,"end":1413.99},{"text":"part","start":1413.99,"end":1414.31},{"text":"of","start":1414.31,"end":1414.55},{"text":"our","start":1414.55,"end":1414.87},{"text":"initiation","start":1415.99,"end":1417.03},{"text":"of","start":1417.03,"end":1417.27},{"text":"its","start":1417.27,"end":1417.59},{"text":"peaceful","start":1417.59,"end":1417.99},{"text":"use,","start":1417.99,"end":1418.39},{"text":"Myanmar","start":1418.71,"end":1419.07},{"text":"collaborated","start":1419.07,"end":1420.23},{"text":"with","start":1420.23,"end":1420.39},{"text":"Japan","start":1420.39,"end":1421.03},{"text":"on","start":1421.03,"end":1421.11},{"text":"our","start":1421.11,"end":1421.27},{"text":"first","start":1421.27,"end":1421.59},{"text":"satellite","start":1421.59,"end":1422.11},{"text":"development","start":1422.15,"end":1422.67},{"text":"program","start":1422.67,"end":1423.15},{"text":"under","start":1423.19,"end":1423.51},{"text":"the","start":1423.51,"end":1423.63},{"text":"elected","start":1423.63,"end":1424.07},{"text":"civilian","start":1424.07,"end":1424.55},{"text":"government.","start":1424.55,"end":1425.11}]},{"text":"Directly developed by Myanmar Aerospace Engineering University and Hokkaido University, the first microsatellite of Myanmar was designed to provide real-time images for disaster risk management and monitoring agriculture, forestry, and fisheries.","start":1425.59,"end":1442.43,"topics":[{"key":"critical-infrastructure-protection","label":"Protection of Critical Civilian Infrastructure","description":"Many delegations highlighted that both satellites and digital networks underpin essential civilian services such as communications, navigation, aviation, weather forecasting, health, and disaster response. 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This included support through COPUOS, UNOOSA, regional initiatives, and national space development programmes."}],"words":[{"text":"Directly","start":1425.59,"end":1426.03},{"text":"developed","start":1426.03,"end":1426.39},{"text":"by","start":1426.39,"end":1426.59},{"text":"Myanmar","start":1426.59,"end":1427.07},{"text":"Aerospace","start":1427.07,"end":1427.63},{"text":"Engineering","start":1427.63,"end":1428.23},{"text":"University","start":1428.23,"end":1429.07},{"text":"and","start":1429.07,"end":1429.23},{"text":"Hokkaido","start":1429.23,"end":1429.87},{"text":"University,","start":1429.87,"end":1430.59},{"text":"the","start":1430.91,"end":1431.07},{"text":"first","start":1431.07,"end":1431.47},{"text":"microsatellite","start":1431.55,"end":1432.91},{"text":"of","start":1432.91,"end":1433.15},{"text":"Myanmar","start":1433.15,"end":1433.71},{"text":"was","start":1433.95,"end":1434.27},{"text":"designed","start":1434.27,"end":1434.83},{"text":"to","start":1434.83,"end":1434.91},{"text":"provide","start":1434.91,"end":1435.39},{"text":"real-time","start":1435.47,"end":1436.11},{"text":"images","start":1436.11,"end":1436.67},{"text":"for","start":1436.67,"end":1436.83},{"text":"disaster","start":1436.83,"end":1437.43},{"text":"risk","start":1437.43,"end":1437.67},{"text":"management","start":1437.67,"end":1438.23},{"text":"and","start":1438.51,"end":1438.75},{"text":"monitoring","start":1438.75,"end":1439.39},{"text":"agriculture,","start":1440.23,"end":1440.91},{"text":"forestry,","start":1440.91,"end":1441.55},{"text":"and","start":1441.55,"end":1441.75},{"text":"fisheries.","start":1441.75,"end":1442.43}]},{"text":"Unfortunately, the deployment was put on hold after the illegal military coup due to the growing concern over its military applications by the hunter.","start":1442.67,"end":1452.39,"topics":[{"key":"space-access-capacity","label":"Equitable Access and Capacity Building in Space","description":"Delegations repeatedly called for international cooperation, technology sharing, and capacity building so that developing countries, emerging space actors, and small states can benefit from peaceful space activities. This included support through COPUOS, UNOOSA, regional initiatives, and national space development programmes."}],"words":[{"text":"Unfortunately,","start":1442.67,"end":1443.47},{"text":"the","start":1443.47,"end":1443.59},{"text":"deployment","start":1443.59,"end":1444.27},{"text":"was","start":1444.27,"end":1444.51},{"text":"put","start":1444.51,"end":1444.75},{"text":"on","start":1444.75,"end":1444.83},{"text":"hold","start":1444.83,"end":1445.23},{"text":"after","start":1445.23,"end":1445.55},{"text":"the","start":1445.55,"end":1445.67},{"text":"illegal","start":1445.67,"end":1446.11},{"text":"military","start":1446.11,"end":1446.59},{"text":"coup","start":1446.59,"end":1446.83},{"text":"due","start":1446.91,"end":1447.07},{"text":"to","start":1447.07,"end":1447.23},{"text":"the","start":1447.23,"end":1447.35},{"text":"growing","start":1448.07,"end":1448.39},{"text":"concern","start":1448.39,"end":1448.87},{"text":"over","start":1448.87,"end":1449.11},{"text":"its","start":1449.11,"end":1449.35},{"text":"military","start":1449.35,"end":1449.83},{"text":"applications","start":1450.87,"end":1451.67},{"text":"by","start":1451.67,"end":1451.83},{"text":"the","start":1451.83,"end":1451.99},{"text":"hunter.","start":1451.99,"end":1452.39}]},{"text":"In this regard, Myanmar commends the preemptive approach taken by the government of Japan to prevent any misuse and appropriations of space technology by military hunter against civilians.","start":1452.63,"end":1464.15,"topics":[{"key":"space-access-capacity","label":"Equitable Access and Capacity Building in Space","description":"Delegations repeatedly called for international cooperation, technology sharing, and capacity building so that developing countries, emerging space actors, and small states can benefit from peaceful space activities. This included support through COPUOS, UNOOSA, regional initiatives, and national space development programmes."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":1452.63,"end":1452.75},{"text":"this","start":1452.75,"end":1452.95},{"text":"regard,","start":1452.95,"end":1453.35},{"text":"Myanmar","start":1453.35,"end":1453.75},{"text":"commends","start":1453.75,"end":1454.31},{"text":"the","start":1454.31,"end":1454.55},{"text":"preemptive","start":1454.55,"end":1455.19},{"text":"approach","start":1455.19,"end":1455.67},{"text":"taken","start":1455.67,"end":1456.07},{"text":"by","start":1456.07,"end":1456.31},{"text":"the","start":1456.31,"end":1456.43},{"text":"government","start":1456.43,"end":1456.91},{"text":"of","start":1456.91,"end":1457.11},{"text":"Japan","start":1457.35,"end":1457.83},{"text":"to","start":1457.83,"end":1457.99},{"text":"prevent","start":1457.99,"end":1458.55},{"text":"any","start":1458.55,"end":1458.79},{"text":"misuse","start":1458.79,"end":1459.35},{"text":"and","start":1459.59,"end":1459.79},{"text":"appropriations","start":1459.79,"end":1460.63},{"text":"of","start":1460.63,"end":1460.71},{"text":"space","start":1460.71,"end":1461.11},{"text":"technology","start":1461.11,"end":1461.75},{"text":"by","start":1461.75,"end":1461.91},{"text":"military","start":1461.91,"end":1462.39},{"text":"hunter","start":1462.39,"end":1462.83},{"text":"against","start":1462.95,"end":1463.43},{"text":"civilians.","start":1463.43,"end":1464.15}]},{"text":"Mr. Chair, we have witnessed time after time that the military hunters blur the lines between the duality of any good, from space technology, jet fuel, to even recreational paramotors at the expense of civilians.","start":1464.51,"end":1478.83,"topics":[{"key":"critical-infrastructure-protection","label":"Protection of Critical Civilian Infrastructure","description":"Many delegations highlighted that both satellites and digital networks underpin essential civilian services such as communications, navigation, aviation, weather forecasting, health, and disaster response. They warned that attacks on these systems, whether in space or cyberspace, would have serious humanitarian, economic, and security consequences."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":1464.51,"end":1464.75},{"text":"Chair,","start":1464.75,"end":1465.15},{"text":"we","start":1465.15,"end":1465.31},{"text":"have","start":1465.31,"end":1465.55},{"text":"witnessed","start":1465.55,"end":1466.23},{"text":"time","start":1466.23,"end":1466.51},{"text":"after","start":1466.51,"end":1466.83},{"text":"time","start":1466.83,"end":1467.15},{"text":"that","start":1467.39,"end":1467.59},{"text":"the","start":1467.59,"end":1467.71},{"text":"military","start":1467.71,"end":1468.15},{"text":"hunters","start":1468.15,"end":1468.67},{"text":"blur","start":1468.91,"end":1469.23},{"text":"the","start":1469.23,"end":1469.39},{"text":"lines","start":1469.39,"end":1469.87},{"text":"between","start":1469.87,"end":1470.31},{"text":"the","start":1470.31,"end":1470.43},{"text":"duality","start":1470.43,"end":1471.15},{"text":"of","start":1471.15,"end":1471.39},{"text":"any","start":1471.39,"end":1471.63},{"text":"good,","start":1471.63,"end":1472.03},{"text":"from","start":1472.35,"end":1472.59},{"text":"space","start":1472.59,"end":1472.91},{"text":"technology,","start":1472.91,"end":1473.79},{"text":"jet","start":1473.79,"end":1474.11},{"text":"fuel,","start":1474.11,"end":1474.51},{"text":"to","start":1474.51,"end":1474.67},{"text":"even","start":1474.67,"end":1475.15},{"text":"recreational","start":1475.39,"end":1476.11},{"text":"paramotors","start":1476.11,"end":1476.99},{"text":"at","start":1476.99,"end":1477.19},{"text":"the","start":1477.19,"end":1477.27},{"text":"expense","start":1477.27,"end":1477.87},{"text":"of","start":1477.87,"end":1478.11},{"text":"civilians.","start":1478.11,"end":1478.83}]},{"text":"For the military hunter, the military aspect of dual-use item and the technologies always eclipses the civilian aspect as long as they can be utilized for their widespread terror campaign and systematic subjugation of civilian populations.","start":1479.15,"end":1496.27,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"For","start":1479.15,"end":1479.39},{"text":"the","start":1479.39,"end":1479.47},{"text":"military","start":1479.47,"end":1479.91},{"text":"hunter,","start":1479.91,"end":1480.27},{"text":"the","start":1480.27,"end":1480.43},{"text":"military","start":1480.43,"end":1480.99},{"text":"aspect","start":1481.31,"end":1481.83},{"text":"of","start":1481.83,"end":1482.03},{"text":"dual-use","start":1482.03,"end":1482.59},{"text":"item","start":1482.59,"end":1482.99},{"text":"and","start":1483.07,"end":1483.23},{"text":"the","start":1483.23,"end":1483.31},{"text":"technologies","start":1483.31,"end":1484.19},{"text":"always","start":1484.19,"end":1484.75},{"text":"eclipses","start":1484.99,"end":1485.71},{"text":"the","start":1485.79,"end":1485.91},{"text":"civilian","start":1485.91,"end":1486.51},{"text":"aspect","start":1486.51,"end":1487.03},{"text":"as","start":1487.03,"end":1487.15},{"text":"long","start":1487.15,"end":1487.47},{"text":"as","start":1487.47,"end":1487.71},{"text":"they","start":1488.03,"end":1488.19},{"text":"can","start":1488.19,"end":1488.43},{"text":"be","start":1488.43,"end":1488.59},{"text":"utilized","start":1488.59,"end":1489.15},{"text":"for","start":1489.15,"end":1489.31},{"text":"their","start":1489.31,"end":1489.63},{"text":"widespread","start":1490.11,"end":1490.71},{"text":"terror","start":1490.71,"end":1491.07},{"text":"campaign","start":1491.07,"end":1491.63},{"text":"and","start":1491.63,"end":1491.83},{"text":"systematic","start":1491.83,"end":1492.75},{"text":"subjugation","start":1493.79,"end":1494.59},{"text":"of","start":1494.59,"end":1494.75},{"text":"civilian","start":1494.75,"end":1495.27},{"text":"populations.","start":1495.27,"end":1496.27}]},{"text":"Against this backdrop, we are seriously concerned that some Member States with major space-faring capabilities have enhanced their space technology cooperation with the military hunter, including a satellite imagery analysis centre under the guise of peaceful purposes.","start":1496.43,"end":1512.99,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-space-use","label":"Peaceful Use of Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space is a global commons or common heritage of humankind and must be used exclusively for peaceful purposes. They linked this principle to non-appropriation, equal access, and the obligation to preserve space for the benefit of all states and future generations."},{"key":"critical-infrastructure-protection","label":"Protection of Critical Civilian Infrastructure","description":"Many delegations highlighted that both satellites and digital networks underpin essential civilian services such as communications, navigation, aviation, weather forecasting, health, and disaster response. They warned that attacks on these systems, whether in space or cyberspace, would have serious humanitarian, economic, and security consequences."}],"words":[{"text":"Against","start":1496.43,"end":1496.75},{"text":"this","start":1496.75,"end":1496.91},{"text":"backdrop,","start":1496.91,"end":1497.35},{"text":"we","start":1497.39,"end":1497.71},{"text":"are","start":1497.71,"end":1497.79},{"text":"seriously","start":1497.79,"end":1498.43},{"text":"concerned","start":1498.43,"end":1498.95},{"text":"that","start":1498.95,"end":1499.11},{"text":"some","start":1499.11,"end":1499.43},{"text":"Member","start":1499.43,"end":1499.67},{"text":"States","start":1499.67,"end":1500.11},{"text":"with","start":1500.35,"end":1500.59},{"text":"major","start":1500.59,"end":1501.07},{"text":"space-faring","start":1501.07,"end":1501.87},{"text":"capabilities","start":1501.87,"end":1502.75},{"text":"have","start":1502.99,"end":1503.23},{"text":"enhanced","start":1503.23,"end":1503.79},{"text":"their","start":1503.79,"end":1503.99},{"text":"space","start":1503.99,"end":1504.35},{"text":"technology","start":1504.35,"end":1504.99},{"text":"cooperation","start":1504.99,"end":1505.71},{"text":"with","start":1505.87,"end":1506.23},{"text":"the","start":1506.23,"end":1506.31},{"text":"military","start":1506.35,"end":1506.83},{"text":"hunter,","start":1506.83,"end":1507.27},{"text":"including","start":1507.31,"end":1507.95},{"text":"a","start":1508.27,"end":1508.31},{"text":"satellite","start":1508.31,"end":1508.83},{"text":"imagery","start":1508.83,"end":1509.47},{"text":"analysis","start":1509.47,"end":1510.03},{"text":"centre","start":1510.03,"end":1510.59},{"text":"under","start":1510.79,"end":1511.07},{"text":"the","start":1511.07,"end":1511.19},{"text":"guise","start":1511.19,"end":1511.63},{"text":"of","start":1511.63,"end":1511.75},{"text":"peaceful","start":1511.79,"end":1512.35},{"text":"purposes.","start":1512.35,"end":1512.99}]},{"text":"It is reported that the said Member State had offered to share information captured by its reconnaissance satellites with the hunter for military purposes.","start":1513.31,"end":1523.15,"topics":[{"key":"critical-infrastructure-protection","label":"Protection of Critical Civilian Infrastructure","description":"Many delegations highlighted that both satellites and digital networks underpin essential civilian services such as communications, navigation, aviation, weather forecasting, health, and disaster response. They warned that attacks on these systems, whether in space or cyberspace, would have serious humanitarian, economic, and security consequences."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":1513.31,"end":1513.47},{"text":"is","start":1513.47,"end":1513.63},{"text":"reported","start":1513.63,"end":1514.19},{"text":"that","start":1514.19,"end":1514.35},{"text":"the","start":1514.35,"end":1514.51},{"text":"said","start":1514.51,"end":1514.83},{"text":"Member","start":1514.83,"end":1515.15},{"text":"State","start":1515.15,"end":1515.55},{"text":"had","start":1515.79,"end":1516.03},{"text":"offered","start":1516.03,"end":1516.47},{"text":"to","start":1516.47,"end":1516.83},{"text":"share","start":1517.07,"end":1517.35},{"text":"information","start":1517.35,"end":1518.03},{"text":"captured","start":1518.03,"end":1518.59},{"text":"by","start":1518.59,"end":1518.83},{"text":"its","start":1518.83,"end":1519.23},{"text":"reconnaissance","start":1519.31,"end":1520.15},{"text":"satellites","start":1520.15,"end":1520.67},{"text":"with","start":1520.91,"end":1521.19},{"text":"the","start":1521.19,"end":1521.27},{"text":"hunter","start":1521.27,"end":1521.71},{"text":"for","start":1521.71,"end":1521.91},{"text":"military","start":1521.91,"end":1522.39},{"text":"purposes.","start":1522.39,"end":1523.15}]},{"text":"From 1 August to 23 October this year, the junta has conducted 348 airstrikes against civilians, killing 357 people.","start":1523.75,"end":1534.87,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"From","start":1523.75,"end":1524.07},{"text":"1","start":1524.15,"end":1524.35},{"text":"August","start":1524.39,"end":1525.03},{"text":"to","start":1525.11,"end":1525.31},{"text":"23","start":1525.35,"end":1525.71},{"text":"October","start":1526.31,"end":1526.79},{"text":"this","start":1526.79,"end":1527.11},{"text":"year,","start":1527.11,"end":1527.43},{"text":"the","start":1527.59,"end":1527.75},{"text":"junta","start":1527.75,"end":1528.15},{"text":"has","start":1528.15,"end":1528.39},{"text":"conducted","start":1528.39,"end":1529.63},{"text":"348","start":1529.63,"end":1530.47},{"text":"airstrikes","start":1530.87,"end":1531.51},{"text":"against","start":1531.59,"end":1531.95},{"text":"civilians,","start":1531.95,"end":1532.55},{"text":"killing","start":1532.55,"end":1533.03},{"text":"357","start":1533.03,"end":1534.39},{"text":"people.","start":1534.39,"end":1534.87}]},{"text":"Therefore, I appeal to all Member States to cut the flow of arms, weapons, jet fuel and other dual-use items and related technologies to the military junta to save the lives of the people of Myanmar.","start":1535.27,"end":1547.59,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Therefore,","start":1535.27,"end":1535.75},{"text":"I","start":1535.75,"end":1535.83},{"text":"appeal","start":1535.83,"end":1536.23},{"text":"to","start":1536.23,"end":1536.43},{"text":"all","start":1536.43,"end":1536.55},{"text":"Member","start":1536.55,"end":1536.95},{"text":"States","start":1536.95,"end":1537.19},{"text":"to","start":1537.19,"end":1537.35},{"text":"cut","start":1537.35,"end":1537.59},{"text":"the","start":1537.59,"end":1537.67},{"text":"flow","start":1537.67,"end":1538.07},{"text":"of","start":1538.07,"end":1538.23},{"text":"arms,","start":1538.31,"end":1538.71},{"text":"weapons,","start":1538.79,"end":1539.43},{"text":"jet","start":1539.75,"end":1540.03},{"text":"fuel","start":1540.03,"end":1540.47},{"text":"and","start":1540.47,"end":1540.75},{"text":"other","start":1540.75,"end":1540.95},{"text":"dual-use","start":1540.95,"end":1541.47},{"text":"items","start":1541.47,"end":1541.95},{"text":"and","start":1541.95,"end":1542.15},{"text":"related","start":1542.15,"end":1542.55},{"text":"technologies","start":1542.55,"end":1543.35},{"text":"to","start":1543.35,"end":1543.51},{"text":"the","start":1543.51,"end":1543.59},{"text":"military","start":1543.59,"end":1544.07},{"text":"junta","start":1544.07,"end":1544.47},{"text":"to","start":1544.87,"end":1544.95},{"text":"save","start":1544.95,"end":1545.35},{"text":"the","start":1545.35,"end":1545.51},{"text":"lives","start":1545.51,"end":1545.83},{"text":"of","start":1545.91,"end":1546.23},{"text":"the","start":1546.31,"end":1546.43},{"text":"people","start":1546.43,"end":1547.07},{"text":"of","start":1547.07,"end":1547.15},{"text":"Myanmar.","start":1547.15,"end":1547.59}]},{"text":"I thank you, Mr Chair.","start":1547.75,"end":1548.99,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":1547.75,"end":1547.91},{"text":"thank","start":1547.91,"end":1548.23},{"text":"you,","start":1548.23,"end":1548.39},{"text":"Mr","start":1548.39,"end":1548.71},{"text":"Chair.","start":1548.71,"end":1548.99}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"MMR","affiliation_full":"Myanmar","group":null,"function":"Permanent Representative"}},{"statement_number":17,"start":1548.99,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c1/80/17?lang=en&t=1549","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the Ambassador.","start":1548.99,"end":1552.71,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":1548.99,"end":1549.03},{"text":"thank","start":1551.59,"end":1551.83},{"text":"the","start":1551.83,"end":1551.95},{"text":"Ambassador.","start":1551.95,"end":1552.71}]},{"text":"Myanmar for his statement.","start":1553.15,"end":1555.15,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Myanmar","start":1553.15,"end":1553.47},{"text":"for","start":1553.47,"end":1553.67},{"text":"his","start":1553.67,"end":1553.95},{"text":"statement.","start":1554.43,"end":1555.15}]},{"text":"Now the floor to the distinguished representative of Pakistan.","start":1555.31,"end":1558.03,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Now","start":1555.31,"end":1555.43},{"text":"the","start":1555.43,"end":1555.55},{"text":"floor","start":1555.55,"end":1555.79},{"text":"to","start":1555.79,"end":1555.87},{"text":"the","start":1555.87,"end":1556.03},{"text":"distinguished","start":1556.11,"end":1556.67},{"text":"representative","start":1556.67,"end":1557.39},{"text":"of","start":1557.39,"end":1557.47},{"text":"Pakistan.","start":1557.47,"end":1558.03}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"1st Committee","affiliation_full":"1st Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":18,"start":1561.11,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c1/80/17?lang=en&t=1562","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Chair.","start":1561.11,"end":1561.63,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":1561.11,"end":1561.31},{"text":"you,","start":1561.31,"end":1561.39},{"text":"Chair.","start":1561.39,"end":1561.63}]},{"text":"Today we face an accelerating arms race and creeping weaponization of outer space.","start":1562.71,"end":1568.51,"topics":[{"key":"paros-legal-instrument","label":"Legally Binding PAROS Instrument","description":"A central topic was the call for negotiations on a legally binding, verifiable instrument to prevent an arms race in outer space. 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Speakers discussed banning the placement of weapons in space, prohibiting attacks on space objects, and using the Conference on Disarmament and the OEWG to advance treaty language."}],"words":[{"text":"Outer","start":1569.63,"end":1569.95},{"text":"space","start":1569.95,"end":1570.35},{"text":"is","start":1570.43,"end":1570.91},{"text":"increasingly","start":1570.91,"end":1571.71},{"text":"being","start":1571.71,"end":1572.11},{"text":"framed","start":1572.11,"end":1572.59},{"text":"as","start":1572.59,"end":1572.79},{"text":"the","start":1572.79,"end":1572.87},{"text":"next","start":1572.87,"end":1573.23},{"text":"war","start":1573.23,"end":1573.47},{"text":"fighting","start":1573.47,"end":1573.83},{"text":"domain,","start":1573.83,"end":1574.35},{"text":"extending","start":1574.51,"end":1575.15},{"text":"concepts","start":1575.15,"end":1575.75},{"text":"of","start":1575.75,"end":1575.87},{"text":"nuclear","start":1575.87,"end":1576.35},{"text":"and","start":1576.35,"end":1576.59},{"text":"conventional","start":1576.59,"end":1577.15},{"text":"deterrence","start":1577.15,"end":1577.87},{"text":"beyond","start":1578.03,"end":1578.43},{"text":"Earth.","start":1578.43,"end":1578.79}]},{"text":"The intertwining of defensive and offensive capabilities, such as missile defense systems integrated with space technologies, is eroding strategic stability.","start":1579.91,"end":1589.51,"topics":[{"key":"paros-legal-instrument","label":"Legally Binding PAROS Instrument","description":"A central topic was the call for negotiations on a legally binding, verifiable instrument to prevent an arms race in outer space. 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Speakers discussed banning the placement of weapons in space, prohibiting attacks on space objects, and using the Conference on Disarmament and the OEWG to advance treaty language."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1589.99,"end":1590.15},{"text":"once","start":1590.15,"end":1590.59},{"text":"hypothetical","start":1590.59,"end":1591.43},{"text":"placement","start":1591.43,"end":1591.99},{"text":"of","start":1591.99,"end":1592.31},{"text":"interceptors","start":1592.31,"end":1593.19},{"text":"in","start":1593.19,"end":1593.35},{"text":"space","start":1593.35,"end":1593.67},{"text":"is","start":1593.67,"end":1593.91},{"text":"now","start":1593.91,"end":1594.07},{"text":"being","start":1594.07,"end":1594.39},{"text":"seriously","start":1594.39,"end":1594.95},{"text":"pursued.","start":1594.95,"end":1595.51}]},{"text":"The rapid development of anti-satellite directed energy and other non-kinetic weapons compounds these dangers.","start":1596.31,"end":1603.35,"topics":[{"key":"space-debris-sustainability","label":"Space Debris and Sustainability","description":"The sustainability of the space environment was a recurring concern, especially the creation of debris through destructive anti-satellite tests or deliberate destruction of space systems. Speakers also referred to congestion, debris mitigation, debris removal, and the need to keep space activities safe and predictable over the long term."},{"key":"paros-legal-instrument","label":"Legally Binding PAROS Instrument","description":"A central topic was the call for negotiations on a legally binding, verifiable instrument to prevent an arms race in outer space. 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They linked this principle to non-appropriation, equal access, and the obligation to preserve space for the benefit of all states and future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1603.99,"end":1604.19},{"text":"line","start":1604.19,"end":1604.55},{"text":"between","start":1604.55,"end":1604.95},{"text":"peaceful","start":1604.95,"end":1605.39},{"text":"and","start":1605.39,"end":1605.51},{"text":"military","start":1605.51,"end":1605.95},{"text":"uses","start":1605.95,"end":1606.31},{"text":"of","start":1606.31,"end":1606.55},{"text":"outer","start":1606.55,"end":1606.79},{"text":"space","start":1606.79,"end":1607.19},{"text":"is","start":1607.19,"end":1607.35},{"text":"also","start":1607.35,"end":1607.63},{"text":"blurring.","start":1607.63,"end":1608.15}]},{"text":"Existing international space law, while valuable, has not effectively prevented the arms race or the weaponization of outer space.","start":1608.87,"end":1617.35,"topics":[{"key":"paros-legal-instrument","label":"Legally Binding PAROS Instrument","description":"A central topic was the call for negotiations on a legally binding, verifiable instrument to prevent an arms race in outer space. 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Many delegations described these measures as practical steps that should complement, and in some cases help prepare, future legal instruments."},{"key":"paros-legal-instrument","label":"Legally Binding PAROS Instrument","description":"A central topic was the call for negotiations on a legally binding, verifiable instrument to prevent an arms race in outer space. 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Many delegations described these measures as practical steps that should complement, and in some cases help prepare, future legal instruments."},{"key":"paros-legal-instrument","label":"Legally Binding PAROS Instrument","description":"A central topic was the call for negotiations on a legally binding, verifiable instrument to prevent an arms race in outer space. 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Many delegations described these measures as practical steps that should complement, and in some cases help prepare, future legal instruments."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":1683.35,"end":1683.59},{"text":"also","start":1683.59,"end":1683.99},{"text":"continue","start":1683.99,"end":1684.55},{"text":"to","start":1684.55,"end":1684.75},{"text":"contribute","start":1684.75,"end":1685.39},{"text":"towards","start":1685.39,"end":1685.75},{"text":"non-binding","start":1685.75,"end":1686.47},{"text":"initiatives,","start":1686.47,"end":1687.19},{"text":"such","start":1687.19,"end":1687.67},{"text":"as","start":1687.67,"end":1687.91},{"text":"transparency","start":1687.91,"end":1688.83},{"text":"and","start":1688.83,"end":1689.03},{"text":"confidence-building","start":1689.03,"end":1689.99},{"text":"measures.","start":1689.99,"end":1690.47}]},{"text":"We recognize their complementary nature.","start":1691.19,"end":1693.75,"topics":[{"key":"space-behavior-norms","label":"Space Norms and Confidence-Building Measures","description":"Several statements emphasized norms, rules, principles of responsible behavior, transparency, and confidence-building measures as tools to reduce misunderstanding and escalation in space. Many delegations described these measures as practical steps that should complement, and in some cases help prepare, future legal instruments."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":1691.19,"end":1691.47},{"text":"recognize","start":1691.47,"end":1692.07},{"text":"their","start":1692.07,"end":1692.55},{"text":"complementary","start":1692.55,"end":1693.31},{"text":"nature.","start":1693.31,"end":1693.75}]},{"text":"yet they cannot serve as a substitute or a precondition for them.","start":1694.43,"end":1698.91,"topics":[{"key":"space-behavior-norms","label":"Space Norms and Confidence-Building Measures","description":"Several statements emphasized norms, rules, principles of responsible behavior, transparency, and confidence-building measures as tools to reduce misunderstanding and escalation in space. 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Speakers discussed banning the placement of weapons in space, prohibiting attacks on space objects, and using the Conference on Disarmament and the OEWG to advance treaty 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welcome the agreement on organizational modalities that have enabled us to begin substantive work.","start":1713.87,"end":1720.55,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":1713.87,"end":1714.11},{"text":"welcome","start":1714.11,"end":1714.59},{"text":"the","start":1714.59,"end":1714.71},{"text":"agreement","start":1714.75,"end":1715.47},{"text":"on","start":1715.47,"end":1715.87},{"text":"organizational","start":1715.87,"end":1716.67},{"text":"modalities","start":1716.67,"end":1717.47},{"text":"that","start":1717.55,"end":1717.87},{"text":"have","start":1717.87,"end":1718.19},{"text":"enabled","start":1718.19,"end":1718.75},{"text":"us","start":1718.75,"end":1718.99},{"text":"to","start":1718.99,"end":1719.15},{"text":"begin","start":1719.15,"end":1719.71},{"text":"substantive","start":1719.71,"end":1720.31},{"text":"work.","start":1720.31,"end":1720.55}]},{"text":"I thank you, Chair.","start":1720.91,"end":1721.71,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":1720.91,"end":1721.07},{"text":"thank","start":1721.11,"end":1721.31},{"text":"you,","start":1721.31,"end":1721.39},{"text":"Chair.","start":1721.39,"end":1721.71}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"PAK","affiliation_full":"Pakistan","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":19,"start":1724.59,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c1/80/17?lang=en&t=1725","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the representative of Pakistan for his statement.","start":1724.59,"end":1727.39,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":1724.59,"end":1724.75},{"text":"thank","start":1724.75,"end":1725.07},{"text":"the","start":1725.07,"end":1725.19},{"text":"representative","start":1725.31,"end":1725.95},{"text":"of","start":1725.95,"end":1726.03},{"text":"Pakistan","start":1726.03,"end":1726.51},{"text":"for","start":1726.51,"end":1726.67},{"text":"his","start":1726.67,"end":1726.79},{"text":"statement.","start":1726.79,"end":1727.39}]},{"text":"I give now the floor to Her Excellency, Permanent Representative of Japan to the Conference on Disarmament.","start":1727.63,"end":1735.71,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":1727.63,"end":1727.71},{"text":"give","start":1727.71,"end":1728.11},{"text":"now","start":1728.27,"end":1728.67},{"text":"the","start":1728.67,"end":1728.75},{"text":"floor","start":1728.75,"end":1729.07},{"text":"to","start":1729.07,"end":1729.19},{"text":"Her","start":1729.19,"end":1729.35},{"text":"Excellency,","start":1729.35,"end":1730.11},{"text":"Permanent","start":1730.91,"end":1731.35},{"text":"Representative","start":1731.35,"end":1732.11},{"text":"of","start":1732.11,"end":1732.19},{"text":"Japan","start":1732.19,"end":1732.99},{"text":"to","start":1732.99,"end":1733.23},{"text":"the","start":1733.23,"end":1733.39},{"text":"Conference","start":1733.39,"end":1734.11},{"text":"on","start":1734.27,"end":1734.67},{"text":"Disarmament.","start":1734.99,"end":1735.71}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"1st Committee","affiliation_full":"1st Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":20,"start":1739.71,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c1/80/17?lang=en&t=1740","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Mr. Chair.","start":1739.71,"end":1740.83,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":1739.71,"end":1739.95},{"text":"you,","start":1739.95,"end":1740.03},{"text":"Mr.","start":1740.03,"end":1740.35},{"text":"Chair.","start":1740.35,"end":1740.83}]},{"text":"There is a new urgency for effective measures to ensure security, stability, safety, and sustainability of activities in outer space for current and future generations.","start":1741.63,"end":1753.87,"topics":[{"key":"space-debris-sustainability","label":"Space Debris and Sustainability","description":"The sustainability of the space environment was a recurring concern, especially the creation of debris through destructive anti-satellite tests or deliberate destruction of space systems. Speakers also referred to congestion, debris mitigation, debris removal, and the need to keep space activities safe and predictable over the long term."}],"words":[{"text":"There","start":1741.63,"end":1741.91},{"text":"is","start":1741.91,"end":1742.03},{"text":"a","start":1742.03,"end":1742.11},{"text":"new","start":1742.11,"end":1742.43},{"text":"urgency","start":1742.43,"end":1743.15},{"text":"for","start":1743.15,"end":1743.47},{"text":"effective","start":1743.47,"end":1743.95},{"text":"measures","start":1743.95,"end":1744.59},{"text":"to","start":1744.59,"end":1744.83},{"text":"ensure","start":1744.83,"end":1745.47},{"text":"security,","start":1745.47,"end":1746.27},{"text":"stability,","start":1746.27,"end":1747.15},{"text":"safety,","start":1747.15,"end":1747.87},{"text":"and","start":1747.87,"end":1748.19},{"text":"sustainability","start":1748.19,"end":1749.23},{"text":"of","start":1749.23,"end":1749.39},{"text":"activities","start":1749.39,"end":1750.11},{"text":"in","start":1750.11,"end":1750.35},{"text":"outer","start":1750.35,"end":1750.67},{"text":"space","start":1750.67,"end":1751.15},{"text":"for","start":1751.55,"end":1751.75},{"text":"current","start":1751.75,"end":1752.35},{"text":"and","start":1752.35,"end":1752.67},{"text":"future","start":1752.67,"end":1753.11},{"text":"generations.","start":1753.11,"end":1753.87}]},{"text":"This year, the open-ended working group on the prevention of an arms race in outer space in all its aspects began its deliberations in Geneva.","start":1754.55,"end":1764.91,"topics":[{"key":"paros-legal-instrument","label":"Legally Binding PAROS Instrument","description":"A central topic was the call for negotiations on a legally binding, verifiable instrument to prevent an arms race in outer space. Speakers discussed banning the placement of weapons in space, prohibiting attacks on space objects, and using the Conference on Disarmament and the OEWG to advance treaty language."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":1754.55,"end":1754.83},{"text":"year,","start":1754.83,"end":1755.23},{"text":"the","start":1755.79,"end":1755.91},{"text":"open-ended","start":1756.03,"end":1756.83},{"text":"working","start":1756.83,"end":1757.23},{"text":"group","start":1757.23,"end":1757.55},{"text":"on","start":1757.63,"end":1757.87},{"text":"the","start":1757.87,"end":1757.99},{"text":"prevention","start":1757.99,"end":1758.59},{"text":"of","start":1758.59,"end":1758.75},{"text":"an","start":1758.75,"end":1758.99},{"text":"arms","start":1758.99,"end":1759.31},{"text":"race","start":1759.31,"end":1759.63},{"text":"in","start":1759.63,"end":1759.87},{"text":"outer","start":1759.87,"end":1760.15},{"text":"space","start":1760.15,"end":1760.59},{"text":"in","start":1760.59,"end":1760.83},{"text":"all","start":1760.87,"end":1761.15},{"text":"its","start":1761.15,"end":1761.39},{"text":"aspects","start":1761.39,"end":1762.11},{"text":"began","start":1762.43,"end":1762.99},{"text":"its","start":1762.99,"end":1763.39},{"text":"deliberations","start":1763.39,"end":1764.11},{"text":"in","start":1764.11,"end":1764.35},{"text":"Geneva.","start":1764.35,"end":1764.91}]},{"text":"Japan reiterates the importance of inclusive, holistic, and comprehensive dialogues with multi-stakeholder engagement.","start":1765.71,"end":1774.03,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Japan","start":1765.71,"end":1766.07},{"text":"reiterates","start":1766.07,"end":1766.83},{"text":"the","start":1766.83,"end":1766.95},{"text":"importance","start":1766.95,"end":1767.63},{"text":"of","start":1767.63,"end":1767.79},{"text":"inclusive,","start":1767.79,"end":1768.75},{"text":"holistic,","start":1769.07,"end":1769.79},{"text":"and","start":1769.79,"end":1770.03},{"text":"comprehensive","start":1770.03,"end":1770.83},{"text":"dialogues","start":1770.83,"end":1771.55},{"text":"with","start":1771.79,"end":1772.11},{"text":"multi-stakeholder","start":1772.11,"end":1773.31},{"text":"engagement.","start":1773.31,"end":1774.03}]},{"text":"Particularly, Japan strongly supports the continuation of discussions on reducing space threats, through norms, rules, and principles of responsible behavior.","start":1774.75,"end":1786.59,"topics":[{"key":"space-behavior-norms","label":"Space Norms and Confidence-Building Measures","description":"Several statements emphasized norms, rules, principles of responsible behavior, transparency, and confidence-building measures as tools to reduce misunderstanding and escalation in space. Many delegations described these measures as practical steps that should complement, and in some cases help prepare, future legal instruments."}],"words":[{"text":"Particularly,","start":1774.75,"end":1775.63},{"text":"Japan","start":1775.95,"end":1776.35},{"text":"strongly","start":1776.35,"end":1776.91},{"text":"supports","start":1776.91,"end":1777.51},{"text":"the","start":1777.51,"end":1777.71},{"text":"continuation","start":1777.71,"end":1778.55},{"text":"of","start":1778.55,"end":1778.67},{"text":"discussions","start":1778.67,"end":1779.47},{"text":"on","start":1779.79,"end":1779.87},{"text":"reducing","start":1779.87,"end":1780.67},{"text":"space","start":1780.67,"end":1781.23},{"text":"threats,","start":1781.23,"end":1781.79},{"text":"through","start":1782.35,"end":1782.67},{"text":"norms,","start":1782.67,"end":1783.15},{"text":"rules,","start":1783.31,"end":1783.71},{"text":"and","start":1783.71,"end":1784.11},{"text":"principles","start":1784.11,"end":1784.83},{"text":"of","start":1784.83,"end":1785.15},{"text":"responsible","start":1785.15,"end":1785.87},{"text":"behavior.","start":1785.87,"end":1786.59}]},{"text":"Japan considers this approach a practical way forward in advancing the prevention of an arms race in outer space, PAROS, in a concrete and practical manner, which enables us to avoid misperception, mistrust, and miscommunication among actors in space.","start":1787.39,"end":1806.75,"topics":[{"key":"space-behavior-norms","label":"Space Norms and Confidence-Building Measures","description":"Several statements emphasized norms, rules, principles of responsible behavior, transparency, and confidence-building measures as tools to reduce misunderstanding and escalation in space. 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Many delegations described these measures as practical steps that should complement, and in some cases help prepare, future legal instruments."}],"words":[{"text":"Japan","start":1807.31,"end":1807.95},{"text":"as","start":1808.63,"end":1808.79},{"text":"one","start":1808.79,"end":1809.67},{"text":"of","start":1809.67,"end":1809.87},{"text":"the","start":1809.87,"end":1810.39},{"text":"leading","start":1810.43,"end":1811.35},{"text":"space-faring","start":1811.35,"end":1812.39},{"text":"nations,","start":1812.39,"end":1813.11},{"text":"remains","start":1813.35,"end":1813.83},{"text":"firmly","start":1813.83,"end":1814.31},{"text":"committed","start":1814.31,"end":1814.95},{"text":"to","start":1815.27,"end":1815.43},{"text":"the","start":1815.43,"end":1815.55},{"text":"objective","start":1815.55,"end":1816.87},{"text":"of","start":1816.87,"end":1816.95},{"text":"PAROS","start":1816.95,"end":1817.59},{"text":"and","start":1817.91,"end":1818.15},{"text":"actively","start":1818.15,"end":1818.71},{"text":"contribute","start":1818.71,"end":1819.43},{"text":"to","start":1819.59,"end":1819.83},{"text":"discussions","start":1819.83,"end":1820.63},{"text":"aimed","start":1820.63,"end":1820.95},{"text":"at","start":1820.95,"end":1821.27},{"text":"promoting","start":1821.27,"end":1821.87},{"text":"the","start":1821.87,"end":1821.99},{"text":"development","start":1821.99,"end":1822.71},{"text":"of","start":1822.71,"end":1822.87},{"text":"international","start":1822.87,"end":1823.63},{"text":"norms","start":1823.63,"end":1823.99},{"text":"and","start":1823.99,"end":1824.31},{"text":"rules","start":1824.31,"end":1824.71},{"text":"for","start":1824.79,"end":1825.03},{"text":"the","start":1825.03,"end":1825.15},{"text":"use","start":1825.15,"end":1825.47},{"text":"of","start":1825.47,"end":1825.67},{"text":"outer","start":1825.67,"end":1825.99},{"text":"space.","start":1825.99,"end":1826.47}]},{"text":"Mr. Chair, with a view to making progress in our consideration of the issues related to outer space, Japan underscores the importance of the Outer Space Treaty once again as the cornerstone of the international legal framework for this critical domain.","start":1827.03,"end":1843.19,"topics":[{"key":"paros-legal-instrument","label":"Legally Binding PAROS Instrument","description":"A central topic was the call for negotiations on a legally binding, verifiable instrument to prevent an arms race in outer space. 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Speakers discussed banning the placement of weapons in space, prohibiting attacks on space objects, and using the Conference on Disarmament and the OEWG to advance treaty language."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":1856.19,"end":1856.35},{"text":"believe","start":1856.35,"end":1856.91},{"text":"that","start":1857.07,"end":1857.39},{"text":"reducing","start":1857.39,"end":1857.95},{"text":"serious","start":1858.03,"end":1858.83},{"text":"risks","start":1858.83,"end":1859.31},{"text":"and","start":1859.31,"end":1859.59},{"text":"threats","start":1859.59,"end":1860.11},{"text":"posed","start":1860.43,"end":1860.83},{"text":"by","start":1860.83,"end":1861.07},{"text":"destabilizing","start":1861.07,"end":1861.95},{"text":"space","start":1861.95,"end":1862.75},{"text":"activities","start":1862.75,"end":1863.55},{"text":"through","start":1863.87,"end":1864.19},{"text":"norms,","start":1864.19,"end":1864.67},{"text":"rules,","start":1864.67,"end":1865.07},{"text":"and","start":1865.07,"end":1865.39},{"text":"principles","start":1865.39,"end":1866.11},{"text":"is","start":1866.11,"end":1866.35},{"text":"the","start":1866.35,"end":1866.43},{"text":"starting","start":1866.43,"end":1866.99},{"text":"point","start":1866.99,"end":1867.39},{"text":"for","start":1867.47,"end":1867.79},{"text":"establishing","start":1867.79,"end":1868.67},{"text":"an","start":1868.67,"end":1868.83},{"text":"effective","start":1868.83,"end":1869.39},{"text":"normative","start":1869.39,"end":1870.67},{"text":"and","start":1870.67,"end":1871.03},{"text":"legal","start":1871.03,"end":1871.31},{"text":"framework","start":1871.31,"end":1871.87},{"text":"that","start":1872.19,"end":1872.51},{"text":"truly","start":1872.51,"end":1872.99},{"text":"serves","start":1872.99,"end":1873.47},{"text":"the","start":1873.63,"end":1873.75},{"text":"objective","start":1873.75,"end":1874.27},{"text":"of","start":1874.27,"end":1874.35},{"text":"PAROS.","start":1874.35,"end":1874.91}]},{"text":"Mr. Chair, Japan also underlines the importance of the Conference on Disarmament, the sole multilateral forum for negotiation on disarmament.","start":1875.55,"end":1883.95,"topics":[{"key":"paros-legal-instrument","label":"Legally Binding PAROS Instrument","description":"A central topic was the call for negotiations on a legally binding, verifiable instrument to prevent an arms race in outer space. Speakers discussed banning the placement of weapons in space, prohibiting attacks on space objects, and using the Conference on Disarmament and the OEWG to advance treaty language."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":1875.55,"end":1875.87},{"text":"Chair,","start":1875.87,"end":1876.27},{"text":"Japan","start":1876.59,"end":1876.99},{"text":"also","start":1876.99,"end":1877.47},{"text":"underlines","start":1877.47,"end":1878.07},{"text":"the","start":1878.07,"end":1878.15},{"text":"importance","start":1878.15,"end":1878.75},{"text":"of","start":1878.75,"end":1878.83},{"text":"the","start":1878.83,"end":1878.99},{"text":"Conference","start":1878.99,"end":1879.51},{"text":"on","start":1879.51,"end":1879.63},{"text":"Disarmament,","start":1879.63,"end":1880.35},{"text":"the","start":1880.59,"end":1880.75},{"text":"sole","start":1880.75,"end":1881.07},{"text":"multilateral","start":1881.07,"end":1881.79},{"text":"forum","start":1881.79,"end":1882.19},{"text":"for","start":1882.19,"end":1882.35},{"text":"negotiation","start":1882.35,"end":1883.07},{"text":"on","start":1883.07,"end":1883.23},{"text":"disarmament.","start":1883.23,"end":1883.95}]},{"text":"We hope to generate synergy among various multilateral fora to facilitate dialogues among states and with other relevant stakeholders to foster common understandings and collective actions.","start":1884.39,"end":1897.67,"topics":[{"key":"space-behavior-norms","label":"Space Norms and Confidence-Building Measures","description":"Several statements emphasized norms, rules, principles of responsible behavior, transparency, and confidence-building measures as tools to reduce misunderstanding and escalation in space. Many delegations described these measures as practical steps that should complement, and in some cases help prepare, future legal instruments."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":1884.39,"end":1884.47},{"text":"hope","start":1884.47,"end":1884.79},{"text":"to","start":1884.79,"end":1884.95},{"text":"generate","start":1884.95,"end":1885.51},{"text":"synergy","start":1885.51,"end":1886.07},{"text":"among","start":1886.07,"end":1886.39},{"text":"various","start":1886.39,"end":1886.87},{"text":"multilateral","start":1886.87,"end":1887.59},{"text":"fora","start":1887.59,"end":1888.07},{"text":"to","start":1888.39,"end":1888.55},{"text":"facilitate","start":1888.55,"end":1889.27},{"text":"dialogues","start":1889.27,"end":1889.91},{"text":"among","start":1889.91,"end":1890.23},{"text":"states","start":1890.23,"end":1890.79},{"text":"and","start":1890.95,"end":1891.27},{"text":"with","start":1891.27,"end":1891.51},{"text":"other","start":1891.51,"end":1891.83},{"text":"relevant","start":1891.83,"end":1892.23},{"text":"stakeholders","start":1892.23,"end":1893.27},{"text":"to","start":1893.43,"end":1893.83},{"text":"foster","start":1894.07,"end":1894.75},{"text":"common","start":1894.75,"end":1895.11},{"text":"understandings","start":1895.11,"end":1896.07},{"text":"and","start":1896.23,"end":1896.55},{"text":"collective","start":1896.55,"end":1897.03},{"text":"actions.","start":1897.03,"end":1897.67}]},{"text":"This will enable our future generations to benefit from innovation, international collaboration, and remarkable technological achievement.","start":1897.99,"end":1906.15,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-space-use","label":"Peaceful Use of Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space is a global commons or common heritage of humankind and must be used exclusively for peaceful purposes. They linked this principle to non-appropriation, equal access, and the obligation to preserve space for the benefit of all states and future generations."},{"key":"space-access-capacity","label":"Equitable Access and Capacity Building in Space","description":"Delegations repeatedly called for international cooperation, technology sharing, and capacity building so that developing countries, emerging space actors, and small states can benefit from peaceful space activities. This included support through COPUOS, UNOOSA, regional initiatives, and national space development programmes."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":1897.99,"end":1898.23},{"text":"will","start":1898.23,"end":1898.47},{"text":"enable","start":1898.47,"end":1898.99},{"text":"our","start":1898.99,"end":1899.11},{"text":"future","start":1899.11,"end":1899.59},{"text":"generations","start":1899.59,"end":1900.31},{"text":"to","start":1900.31,"end":1900.47},{"text":"benefit","start":1900.47,"end":1900.99},{"text":"from","start":1900.99,"end":1901.27},{"text":"innovation,","start":1901.27,"end":1901.99},{"text":"international","start":1901.99,"end":1902.71},{"text":"collaboration,","start":1902.71,"end":1903.59},{"text":"and","start":1903.83,"end":1904.07},{"text":"remarkable","start":1904.07,"end":1904.67},{"text":"technological","start":1904.67,"end":1905.43},{"text":"achievement.","start":1905.43,"end":1906.15}]},{"text":"I thank you, Mr. Chair.","start":1906.39,"end":1907.51,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":1906.39,"end":1906.55},{"text":"thank","start":1906.55,"end":1906.79},{"text":"you,","start":1906.79,"end":1906.87},{"text":"Mr.","start":1906.87,"end":1907.19},{"text":"Chair.","start":1907.19,"end":1907.51}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"JPN","affiliation_full":"Japan","group":null,"function":"Permanent Representative"}},{"statement_number":21,"start":1910.03,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c1/80/17?lang=en&t=1911","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of Japan for his statement.","start":1910.03,"end":1913.63,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":1910.03,"end":1910.07},{"text":"thank","start":1910.07,"end":1910.35},{"text":"the","start":1910.35,"end":1910.51},{"text":"distinguished","start":1910.51,"end":1910.99},{"text":"representative","start":1910.99,"end":1911.71},{"text":"of","start":1911.71,"end":1911.79},{"text":"Japan","start":1911.79,"end":1912.35},{"text":"for","start":1912.35,"end":1912.51},{"text":"his","start":1912.75,"end":1912.95},{"text":"statement.","start":1912.95,"end":1913.63}]},{"text":"I give now the floor to the distinguished representative of Ireland.","start":1913.63,"end":1916.95,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":1913.63,"end":1913.67},{"text":"give","start":1913.67,"end":1913.79},{"text":"now","start":1913.79,"end":1913.95},{"text":"the","start":1913.95,"end":1914.03},{"text":"floor","start":1914.03,"end":1914.35},{"text":"to","start":1914.35,"end":1914.51},{"text":"the","start":1914.55,"end":1914.63},{"text":"distinguished","start":1914.95,"end":1915.43},{"text":"representative","start":1915.43,"end":1916.03},{"text":"of","start":1916.11,"end":1916.19},{"text":"Ireland.","start":1916.43,"end":1916.95}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"1st Committee","affiliation_full":"1st Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":22,"start":1924.67,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c1/80/17?lang=en&t=1925","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Chair, Ireland aligns with the statement delivered by the European Union.","start":1924.67,"end":1929.39,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Chair,","start":1924.67,"end":1925.07},{"text":"Ireland","start":1926.19,"end":1926.51},{"text":"aligns","start":1926.51,"end":1926.79},{"text":"with","start":1926.79,"end":1926.91},{"text":"the","start":1926.91,"end":1926.99},{"text":"statement","start":1926.99,"end":1927.63},{"text":"delivered","start":1927.63,"end":1928.03},{"text":"by","start":1928.03,"end":1928.43},{"text":"the","start":1928.51,"end":1928.59},{"text":"European","start":1928.59,"end":1928.99},{"text":"Union.","start":1928.99,"end":1929.39}]},{"text":"Ireland is firmly committed to the prevention of an arms race in outer space and to the preservation of a safe, secure and sustainable environment.","start":1930.43,"end":1937.87,"topics":[{"key":"paros-legal-instrument","label":"Legally Binding PAROS Instrument","description":"A central topic was the call for negotiations on a legally binding, verifiable instrument to prevent an arms race in outer space. Speakers discussed banning the placement of weapons in space, prohibiting attacks on space objects, and using the Conference on Disarmament and the OEWG to advance treaty language."},{"key":"space-debris-sustainability","label":"Space Debris and Sustainability","description":"The sustainability of the space environment was a recurring concern, especially the creation of debris through destructive anti-satellite tests or deliberate destruction of space systems. Speakers also referred to congestion, debris mitigation, debris removal, and the need to keep space activities safe and predictable over the long term."}],"words":[{"text":"Ireland","start":1930.43,"end":1930.71},{"text":"is","start":1930.71,"end":1930.83},{"text":"firmly","start":1930.83,"end":1931.23},{"text":"committed","start":1931.23,"end":1931.55},{"text":"to","start":1931.55,"end":1931.67},{"text":"the","start":1931.67,"end":1931.75},{"text":"prevention","start":1931.75,"end":1932.35},{"text":"of","start":1932.35,"end":1932.47},{"text":"an","start":1932.47,"end":1932.59},{"text":"arms","start":1932.59,"end":1932.83},{"text":"race","start":1932.83,"end":1933.03},{"text":"in","start":1933.03,"end":1933.15},{"text":"outer","start":1933.15,"end":1933.31},{"text":"space","start":1933.31,"end":1933.79},{"text":"and","start":1933.91,"end":1934.03},{"text":"to","start":1934.03,"end":1934.11},{"text":"the","start":1934.11,"end":1934.19},{"text":"preservation","start":1934.19,"end":1934.83},{"text":"of","start":1934.83,"end":1934.91},{"text":"a","start":1934.91,"end":1934.99},{"text":"safe,","start":1934.99,"end":1935.39},{"text":"secure","start":1935.79,"end":1936.35},{"text":"and","start":1936.35,"end":1936.51},{"text":"sustainable","start":1936.51,"end":1937.19},{"text":"environment.","start":1937.19,"end":1937.87}]},{"text":"Outer space must be used exclusively for peaceful purposes and on an equitable basis for the benefit of all humankind.","start":1938.75,"end":1946.23,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-space-use","label":"Peaceful Use of Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space is a global commons or common heritage of humankind and must be used exclusively for peaceful purposes. They linked this principle to non-appropriation, equal access, and the obligation to preserve space for the benefit of all states and future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"Outer","start":1938.75,"end":1938.95},{"text":"space","start":1938.95,"end":1939.35},{"text":"must","start":1939.35,"end":1939.67},{"text":"be","start":1939.67,"end":1939.79},{"text":"used","start":1939.79,"end":1940.03},{"text":"exclusively","start":1940.03,"end":1940.67},{"text":"for","start":1940.67,"end":1940.79},{"text":"peaceful","start":1940.79,"end":1941.11},{"text":"purposes","start":1941.11,"end":1941.75},{"text":"and","start":1942.03,"end":1942.19},{"text":"on","start":1942.19,"end":1942.31},{"text":"an","start":1942.31,"end":1942.39},{"text":"equitable","start":1942.39,"end":1942.79},{"text":"basis","start":1942.79,"end":1943.27},{"text":"for","start":1943.27,"end":1943.43},{"text":"the","start":1943.43,"end":1943.51},{"text":"benefit","start":1943.51,"end":1943.99},{"text":"of","start":1944.51,"end":1944.63},{"text":"all","start":1944.63,"end":1944.87},{"text":"humankind.","start":1945.43,"end":1946.23}]},{"text":"Satellites and other space-based systems underpin our global economy and essential civilian infrastructure and contribute towards the achievement of the sustainable development goals.","start":1947.51,"end":1957.03,"topics":[{"key":"critical-infrastructure-protection","label":"Protection of Critical Civilian Infrastructure","description":"Many delegations highlighted that both satellites and digital networks underpin essential civilian services such as communications, navigation, aviation, weather forecasting, health, and disaster response. They warned that attacks on these systems, whether in space or cyberspace, would have serious humanitarian, economic, and security consequences."}],"words":[{"text":"Satellites","start":1947.51,"end":1948.15},{"text":"and","start":1948.15,"end":1948.31},{"text":"other","start":1948.31,"end":1948.47},{"text":"space-based","start":1948.47,"end":1949.03},{"text":"systems","start":1949.03,"end":1949.59},{"text":"underpin","start":1949.59,"end":1950.07},{"text":"our","start":1950.07,"end":1950.19},{"text":"global","start":1950.19,"end":1950.55},{"text":"economy","start":1950.55,"end":1950.99},{"text":"and","start":1950.99,"end":1951.15},{"text":"essential","start":1951.15,"end":1951.67},{"text":"civilian","start":1951.67,"end":1952.15},{"text":"infrastructure","start":1952.15,"end":1952.95},{"text":"and","start":1953.39,"end":1953.51},{"text":"contribute","start":1953.51,"end":1954.03},{"text":"towards","start":1954.03,"end":1954.55},{"text":"the","start":1954.55,"end":1954.67},{"text":"achievement","start":1954.67,"end":1955.23},{"text":"of","start":1955.23,"end":1955.35},{"text":"the","start":1955.35,"end":1955.47},{"text":"sustainable","start":1955.47,"end":1956.15},{"text":"development","start":1956.15,"end":1956.63},{"text":"goals.","start":1956.63,"end":1957.03}]},{"text":"All states, spacefaring or otherwise, share a responsibility to strengthen the safety, security, and sustainability of outer space activities.","start":1957.75,"end":1966.63,"topics":[{"key":"space-debris-sustainability","label":"Space Debris and Sustainability","description":"The sustainability of the space environment was a recurring concern, especially the creation of debris through destructive anti-satellite tests or deliberate destruction of space systems. Speakers also referred to congestion, debris mitigation, debris removal, and the need to keep space activities safe and predictable over the long term."}],"words":[{"text":"All","start":1957.75,"end":1957.99},{"text":"states,","start":1957.99,"end":1958.47},{"text":"spacefaring","start":1958.55,"end":1959.35},{"text":"or","start":1959.35,"end":1959.63},{"text":"otherwise,","start":1959.63,"end":1960.31},{"text":"share","start":1960.63,"end":1960.95},{"text":"a","start":1960.95,"end":1960.99},{"text":"responsibility","start":1960.99,"end":1961.83},{"text":"to","start":1961.83,"end":1961.91},{"text":"strengthen","start":1961.91,"end":1962.47},{"text":"the","start":1962.47,"end":1962.55},{"text":"safety,","start":1962.55,"end":1963.03},{"text":"security,","start":1963.03,"end":1963.67},{"text":"and","start":1963.67,"end":1963.83},{"text":"sustainability","start":1963.83,"end":1964.71},{"text":"of","start":1965.07,"end":1965.19},{"text":"outer","start":1965.19,"end":1965.43},{"text":"space","start":1965.43,"end":1965.91},{"text":"activities.","start":1965.91,"end":1966.63}]},{"text":"Chair, Ireland reiterates opposition to the placement of any weapons in outer space.","start":1967.87,"end":1972.83,"topics":[{"key":"paros-legal-instrument","label":"Legally Binding PAROS Instrument","description":"A central topic was the call for negotiations on a legally binding, verifiable instrument to prevent an arms race in outer space. Speakers discussed banning the placement of weapons in space, prohibiting attacks on space objects, and using the Conference on Disarmament and the OEWG to advance treaty language."}],"words":[{"text":"Chair,","start":1967.87,"end":1968.27},{"text":"Ireland","start":1968.91,"end":1969.23},{"text":"reiterates","start":1969.23,"end":1969.79},{"text":"opposition","start":1969.79,"end":1970.43},{"text":"to","start":1970.43,"end":1970.51},{"text":"the","start":1970.51,"end":1970.59},{"text":"placement","start":1970.59,"end":1971.07},{"text":"of","start":1971.07,"end":1971.15},{"text":"any","start":1971.15,"end":1971.35},{"text":"weapons","start":1971.35,"end":1971.87},{"text":"in","start":1971.87,"end":1972.07},{"text":"outer","start":1972.07,"end":1972.27},{"text":"space.","start":1972.27,"end":1972.83}]},{"text":"The development, deployment or testing of nuclear or other weapons in orbit would pose a catastrophic risk to satellites, to global communications and to the functioning of modern societies.","start":1973.39,"end":1985.15,"topics":[{"key":"critical-infrastructure-protection","label":"Protection of Critical Civilian Infrastructure","description":"Many delegations highlighted that both satellites and digital networks underpin essential civilian services such as communications, navigation, aviation, weather forecasting, health, and disaster response. They warned that attacks on these systems, whether in space or cyberspace, would have serious humanitarian, economic, and security consequences."},{"key":"paros-legal-instrument","label":"Legally Binding PAROS Instrument","description":"A central topic was the call for negotiations on a legally binding, verifiable instrument to prevent an arms race in outer space. 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They linked this principle to non-appropriation, equal access, and the obligation to preserve space for the benefit of all states and future generations."},{"key":"paros-legal-instrument","label":"Legally Binding PAROS Instrument","description":"A central topic was the call for negotiations on a legally binding, verifiable instrument to prevent an arms race in outer space. Speakers discussed banning the placement of weapons in space, prohibiting attacks on space objects, and using the Conference on Disarmament and the OEWG to advance treaty language."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":1985.95,"end":1986.23},{"text":"recall","start":1986.23,"end":1986.79},{"text":"the","start":1986.79,"end":1986.87},{"text":"obligations","start":1986.87,"end":1987.43},{"text":"of","start":1987.43,"end":1987.51},{"text":"the","start":1987.51,"end":1987.59},{"text":"Outer","start":1987.59,"end":1987.75},{"text":"Space","start":1987.75,"end":1988.03},{"text":"Treaty","start":1988.03,"end":1988.43},{"text":"and","start":1988.43,"end":1988.59},{"text":"underscore","start":1988.59,"end":1989.15},{"text":"the","start":1989.15,"end":1989.27},{"text":"importance","start":1989.27,"end":1989.83},{"text":"of","start":1989.83,"end":1989.91},{"text":"preserving","start":1989.91,"end":1990.43},{"text":"outer","start":1990.43,"end":1990.67},{"text":"space","start":1990.67,"end":1991.15},{"text":"as","start":1991.47,"end":1991.59},{"text":"a","start":1991.59,"end":1991.63},{"text":"domain","start":1991.63,"end":1992.19},{"text":"free","start":1992.27,"end":1992.83},{"text":"from","start":1992.99,"end":1993.19},{"text":"weaponisation.","start":1993.19,"end":1994.11}]},{"text":"Ireland is deeply concerned by the development and proliferation of anti-satellite weapons, whether space-based or terrestrial, which are a matter of humanitarian concern.","start":1995.23,"end":2005.59,"topics":[{"key":"space-debris-sustainability","label":"Space Debris and Sustainability","description":"The sustainability of the space environment was a recurring concern, especially the creation of debris through destructive anti-satellite tests or deliberate destruction of space systems. Speakers also referred to congestion, debris mitigation, debris removal, and the need to keep space activities safe and predictable over the long term."},{"key":"paros-legal-instrument","label":"Legally Binding PAROS Instrument","description":"A central topic was the call for negotiations on a legally binding, verifiable instrument to prevent an arms race in outer space. Speakers discussed banning the placement of weapons in space, prohibiting attacks on space objects, and using the Conference on Disarmament and the OEWG to advance treaty language."}],"words":[{"text":"Ireland","start":1995.23,"end":1995.63},{"text":"is","start":1995.63,"end":1995.79},{"text":"deeply","start":1995.79,"end":1996.27},{"text":"concerned","start":1996.27,"end":1997.07},{"text":"by","start":1997.43,"end":1997.47},{"text":"the","start":1997.47,"end":1997.59},{"text":"development","start":1997.59,"end":1998.07},{"text":"and","start":1998.07,"end":1998.19},{"text":"proliferation","start":1998.19,"end":1998.79},{"text":"of","start":1998.79,"end":1998.95},{"text":"anti-satellite","start":1998.95,"end":1999.67},{"text":"weapons,","start":1999.67,"end":2000.23},{"text":"whether","start":2000.43,"end":2000.71},{"text":"space-based","start":2000.71,"end":2001.51},{"text":"or","start":2001.51,"end":2001.75},{"text":"terrestrial,","start":2001.75,"end":2002.47},{"text":"which","start":2002.87,"end":2003.11},{"text":"are","start":2003.11,"end":2003.23},{"text":"a","start":2003.23,"end":2003.27},{"text":"matter","start":2003.27,"end":2003.67},{"text":"of","start":2003.67,"end":2003.91},{"text":"humanitarian","start":2003.91,"end":2004.95},{"text":"concern.","start":2004.95,"end":2005.59}]},{"text":"Ireland supports a comprehensive approach within the multilateral system to address these weapons systems.","start":2006.39,"end":2012.63,"topics":[{"key":"paros-legal-instrument","label":"Legally Binding PAROS Instrument","description":"A central topic was the call for negotiations on a legally binding, verifiable instrument to prevent an arms race in outer space. 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They linked this principle to non-appropriation, equal access, and the obligation to preserve space for the benefit of all states and future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"Chair,","start":2013.91,"end":2014.39},{"text":"as","start":2015.27,"end":2015.39},{"text":"a","start":2015.39,"end":2015.43},{"text":"global","start":2015.43,"end":2015.83},{"text":"commons,","start":2015.83,"end":2016.39},{"text":"outer","start":2016.39,"end":2016.63},{"text":"space","start":2016.63,"end":2016.95},{"text":"requires","start":2016.95,"end":2017.59},{"text":"global","start":2017.67,"end":2018.07},{"text":"governance.","start":2018.07,"end":2018.71}]},{"text":"The development of rules, norms and principles of responsible behaviour grounded in existing international law including the UN Charter, international humanitarian law, and the principal UN space treaties, is essential to Ireland.","start":2019.27,"end":2032.75,"topics":[{"key":"space-behavior-norms","label":"Space Norms and Confidence-Building Measures","description":"Several statements emphasized norms, rules, principles of responsible behavior, transparency, and confidence-building measures as tools to reduce misunderstanding and escalation in space. 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Many delegations described these measures as practical steps that should complement, and in some cases help prepare, future legal instruments."}],"words":[{"text":"Achieving","start":2033.47,"end":2033.91},{"text":"the","start":2033.91,"end":2033.99},{"text":"prevention","start":2033.99,"end":2034.43},{"text":"of","start":2034.43,"end":2034.51},{"text":"an","start":2034.51,"end":2034.59},{"text":"arms","start":2034.59,"end":2034.91},{"text":"race","start":2034.91,"end":2035.07},{"text":"in","start":2035.07,"end":2035.19},{"text":"outer","start":2035.19,"end":2035.39},{"text":"space","start":2035.39,"end":2035.87},{"text":"and","start":2036.19,"end":2036.39},{"text":"a","start":2036.39,"end":2036.43},{"text":"safe","start":2036.43,"end":2036.83},{"text":"and","start":2036.83,"end":2036.95},{"text":"secure","start":2036.95,"end":2037.35},{"text":"outer","start":2037.35,"end":2037.55},{"text":"space","start":2037.55,"end":2038.03},{"text":"requires","start":2038.35,"end":2038.99},{"text":"both","start":2039.07,"end":2039.35},{"text":"legal","start":2039.35,"end":2039.67},{"text":"measures","start":2039.67,"end":2040.11},{"text":"and","start":2040.11,"end":2040.51},{"text":"non-binding","start":2040.51,"end":2041.15},{"text":"norms","start":2041.15,"end":2041.63},{"text":"of","start":2042.07,"end":2042.19},{"text":"behavior.","start":2042.19,"end":2042.75}]},{"text":"This is a complementary approach.","start":2043.31,"end":2045.31,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":2043.31,"end":2043.55},{"text":"is","start":2043.55,"end":2043.91},{"text":"a","start":2043.91,"end":2043.95},{"text":"complementary","start":2043.95,"end":2044.75},{"text":"approach.","start":2044.75,"end":2045.31}]},{"text":"Such norms often serve to develop legal instruments and further strengthen them.","start":2045.39,"end":2049.55,"topics":[{"key":"space-behavior-norms","label":"Space Norms and Confidence-Building Measures","description":"Several statements emphasized norms, rules, principles of responsible behavior, transparency, and confidence-building measures as tools to reduce misunderstanding and escalation in space. Many delegations described these measures as practical steps that should complement, and in some cases help prepare, future legal instruments."},{"key":"paros-legal-instrument","label":"Legally Binding PAROS Instrument","description":"A central topic was the call for negotiations on a legally binding, verifiable instrument to prevent an arms race in outer space. 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Many delegations described these measures as practical steps that should complement, and in some cases help prepare, future legal instruments."}],"words":[{"text":"While","start":2050.71,"end":2050.99},{"text":"Ireland","start":2050.99,"end":2051.31},{"text":"sees","start":2051.31,"end":2051.55},{"text":"value","start":2051.55,"end":2052.03},{"text":"in","start":2052.03,"end":2052.15},{"text":"the","start":2052.15,"end":2052.23},{"text":"eventual","start":2052.23,"end":2052.63},{"text":"negotiation","start":2052.63,"end":2053.27},{"text":"of","start":2053.27,"end":2053.39},{"text":"legally","start":2053.39,"end":2053.63},{"text":"binding","start":2053.63,"end":2053.95},{"text":"instruments,","start":2053.95,"end":2054.51},{"text":"We","start":2054.91,"end":2054.95},{"text":"consider","start":2054.95,"end":2055.35},{"text":"voluntary,","start":2055.35,"end":2055.83},{"text":"pragmatic","start":2055.83,"end":2056.47},{"text":"measures","start":2056.47,"end":2056.95},{"text":"to","start":2057.19,"end":2057.27},{"text":"be","start":2057.27,"end":2057.39},{"text":"necessary","start":2057.39,"end":2058.07},{"text":"and","start":2058.39,"end":2058.63},{"text":"achievable.","start":2058.63,"end":2059.27}]},{"text":"These should be developed through a transparent, multilateral and multi-stakeholder process.","start":2060.07,"end":2063.99,"topics":[{"key":"space-behavior-norms","label":"Space Norms and Confidence-Building Measures","description":"Several statements emphasized norms, rules, principles of responsible behavior, transparency, and confidence-building measures as tools to reduce misunderstanding and escalation in space. Many delegations described these measures as practical steps that should complement, and in some cases help prepare, future legal instruments."}],"words":[{"text":"These","start":2060.07,"end":2060.27},{"text":"should","start":2060.27,"end":2060.43},{"text":"be","start":2060.43,"end":2060.55},{"text":"developed","start":2060.55,"end":2060.99},{"text":"through","start":2060.99,"end":2061.15},{"text":"a","start":2061.15,"end":2061.19},{"text":"transparent,","start":2061.19,"end":2061.79},{"text":"multilateral","start":2061.79,"end":2062.47},{"text":"and","start":2062.47,"end":2062.63},{"text":"multi-stakeholder","start":2062.63,"end":2063.47},{"text":"process.","start":2063.47,"end":2063.99}]},{"text":"Ireland welcomes the commencement of the substantive work of the Open-ended Working Group on the Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space in all its aspects.","start":2064.79,"end":2071.91,"topics":[{"key":"paros-legal-instrument","label":"Legally Binding PAROS Instrument","description":"A central topic was the call for negotiations on a legally binding, verifiable instrument to prevent an arms race in outer space. 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thank the representative of Ireland for your statement.","start":2100.87,"end":2103.19,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":2100.87,"end":2100.91},{"text":"thank","start":2100.91,"end":2101.07},{"text":"the","start":2101.07,"end":2101.15},{"text":"representative","start":2101.15,"end":2101.83},{"text":"of","start":2101.87,"end":2101.95},{"text":"Ireland","start":2101.95,"end":2102.39},{"text":"for","start":2102.39,"end":2102.51},{"text":"your","start":2102.51,"end":2102.63},{"text":"statement.","start":2102.63,"end":2103.19}]},{"text":"Now the floor to the distinguished representative of 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with the statement made by the European Union.","start":2110.07,"end":2113.91,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Sweden","start":2110.07,"end":2110.63},{"text":"fully","start":2110.63,"end":2110.95},{"text":"aligns","start":2110.95,"end":2111.35},{"text":"itself","start":2111.35,"end":2111.75},{"text":"with","start":2111.75,"end":2111.87},{"text":"the","start":2111.87,"end":2111.99},{"text":"statement","start":2111.99,"end":2112.43},{"text":"made","start":2112.43,"end":2112.63},{"text":"by","start":2112.63,"end":2112.79},{"text":"the","start":2112.79,"end":2112.87},{"text":"European","start":2112.87,"end":2113.35},{"text":"Union.","start":2113.35,"end":2113.91}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"The following remarks are made in my national 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Many delegations described these measures as practical steps that should complement, and in some cases help prepare, future legal instruments."},{"key":"space-debris-sustainability","label":"Space Debris and Sustainability","description":"The sustainability of the space environment was a recurring concern, especially the creation of debris through destructive anti-satellite tests or deliberate destruction of space systems. Speakers also referred to congestion, debris mitigation, debris removal, and the need to keep space activities safe and predictable over the long term."}],"words":[{"text":"A","start":2117.83,"end":2117.87},{"text":"rules-based","start":2117.87,"end":2118.59},{"text":"world","start":2118.59,"end":2118.99},{"text":"order","start":2118.99,"end":2119.39},{"text":"and","start":2119.39,"end":2119.51},{"text":"multilateralism","start":2119.51,"end":2120.47},{"text":"are","start":2120.47,"end":2120.67},{"text":"essential","start":2120.67,"end":2121.27},{"text":"for","start":2121.27,"end":2121.39},{"text":"a","start":2121.39,"end":2121.43},{"text":"safe,","start":2121.43,"end":2121.91},{"text":"secure,","start":2121.91,"end":2122.55},{"text":"and","start":2122.55,"end":2122.71},{"text":"sustainable","start":2122.71,"end":2123.43},{"text":"space","start":2123.43,"end":2123.91},{"text":"environment.","start":2123.91,"end":2124.71}]},{"text":"Global challenges, such as increasing space threats, require a collective approach to deliver effective and trustworthy solutions.","start":2125.35,"end":2132.31,"topics":[{"key":"space-behavior-norms","label":"Space Norms and Confidence-Building Measures","description":"Several statements emphasized norms, rules, principles of responsible behavior, transparency, and confidence-building measures as tools to reduce misunderstanding and escalation in space. Many delegations described these measures as practical steps that should complement, and in some cases help prepare, future legal instruments."}],"words":[{"text":"Global","start":2125.35,"end":2125.75},{"text":"challenges,","start":2125.75,"end":2126.39},{"text":"such","start":2126.39,"end":2126.63},{"text":"as","start":2126.63,"end":2126.71},{"text":"increasing","start":2126.71,"end":2127.35},{"text":"space","start":2127.35,"end":2127.67},{"text":"threats,","start":2127.75,"end":2128.23},{"text":"require","start":2128.23,"end":2128.71},{"text":"a","start":2128.71,"end":2128.75},{"text":"collective","start":2128.75,"end":2129.19},{"text":"approach","start":2129.19,"end":2129.67},{"text":"to","start":2129.67,"end":2129.79},{"text":"deliver","start":2129.79,"end":2130.15},{"text":"effective","start":2130.15,"end":2130.71},{"text":"and","start":2130.71,"end":2130.95},{"text":"trustworthy","start":2130.95,"end":2131.51},{"text":"solutions.","start":2131.51,"end":2132.31}]},{"text":"Societies rely heavily on space for essential services, space is becoming increasingly congested and contested.","start":2133.11,"end":2141.39,"topics":[{"key":"critical-infrastructure-protection","label":"Protection of Critical Civilian Infrastructure","description":"Many delegations highlighted that both satellites and digital networks underpin essential civilian services such as communications, navigation, aviation, weather forecasting, health, and disaster response. They warned that attacks on these systems, whether in space or cyberspace, would have serious humanitarian, economic, and security consequences."},{"key":"space-debris-sustainability","label":"Space Debris and Sustainability","description":"The sustainability of the space environment was a recurring concern, especially the creation of debris through destructive anti-satellite tests or deliberate destruction of space systems. Speakers also referred to congestion, debris mitigation, debris removal, and the need to keep space activities safe and predictable over the long term."}],"words":[{"text":"Societies","start":2133.11,"end":2133.75},{"text":"rely","start":2133.75,"end":2134.15},{"text":"heavily","start":2134.31,"end":2134.63},{"text":"on","start":2134.63,"end":2134.79},{"text":"space","start":2134.79,"end":2135.43},{"text":"for","start":2135.43,"end":2135.63},{"text":"essential","start":2135.63,"end":2136.11},{"text":"services,","start":2136.11,"end":2136.87},{"text":"space","start":2137.55,"end":2137.87},{"text":"is","start":2137.87,"end":2138.03},{"text":"becoming","start":2138.03,"end":2138.43},{"text":"increasingly","start":2138.43,"end":2139.39},{"text":"congested","start":2139.39,"end":2140.27},{"text":"and","start":2140.35,"end":2140.51},{"text":"contested.","start":2140.51,"end":2141.39}]},{"text":"We need appropriate measures to reduce threats and avoid conflict.","start":2141.79,"end":2145.71,"topics":[{"key":"space-behavior-norms","label":"Space Norms and Confidence-Building Measures","description":"Several statements emphasized norms, rules, principles of responsible behavior, transparency, and confidence-building measures as tools to reduce misunderstanding and escalation in space. Many delegations described these measures as practical steps that should complement, and in some cases help prepare, future legal instruments."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":2141.79,"end":2142.03},{"text":"need","start":2142.03,"end":2142.27},{"text":"appropriate","start":2142.27,"end":2142.83},{"text":"measures","start":2142.83,"end":2143.39},{"text":"to","start":2143.39,"end":2143.55},{"text":"reduce","start":2143.55,"end":2144.03},{"text":"threats","start":2144.03,"end":2144.51},{"text":"and","start":2144.55,"end":2144.75},{"text":"avoid","start":2144.75,"end":2145.03},{"text":"conflict.","start":2145.03,"end":2145.71}]},{"text":"Chair, the first step to strengthen space security is full compliance by all states with","start":2146.35,"end":2152.19,"topics":[{"key":"cyber-law-application","label":"International Law in Cyberspace","description":"Numerous delegations reaffirmed that international law applies to state conduct in cyberspace, including the UN Charter, international humanitarian law, human rights law, and the law of state responsibility. 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They called for deeper common understanding of how these rules apply to cyber operations, especially during armed conflict and incidents affecting critical infrastructure."}],"words":[{"text":"existing","start":2152.19,"end":2152.83},{"text":"international","start":2152.83,"end":2153.75},{"text":"law,","start":2153.75,"end":2153.83},{"text":"including","start":2153.87,"end":2154.27},{"text":"the","start":2154.27,"end":2154.39},{"text":"UN","start":2154.39,"end":2154.75},{"text":"Charter.","start":2154.75,"end":2155.31}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"The Outer Space Treaty is the cornerstone of the international legal regime governing outer space activities.","start":2156.19,"end":2161.79,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-space-use","label":"Peaceful Use of Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space is a global commons or common heritage of humankind and must be used exclusively for peaceful purposes. They linked this principle to non-appropriation, equal access, and the obligation to preserve space for the benefit of all states and future generations."},{"key":"paros-legal-instrument","label":"Legally Binding PAROS Instrument","description":"A central topic was the call for negotiations on a legally binding, verifiable instrument to prevent an arms race in outer space. Speakers discussed banning the placement of weapons in space, prohibiting attacks on space objects, and using the Conference on Disarmament and the OEWG to advance treaty language."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2156.19,"end":2156.31},{"text":"Outer","start":2156.31,"end":2156.59},{"text":"Space","start":2156.59,"end":2156.91},{"text":"Treaty","start":2156.91,"end":2157.39},{"text":"is","start":2157.39,"end":2157.51},{"text":"the","start":2157.51,"end":2157.59},{"text":"cornerstone","start":2157.59,"end":2158.35},{"text":"of","start":2158.35,"end":2158.51},{"text":"the","start":2158.51,"end":2158.59},{"text":"international","start":2158.59,"end":2159.23},{"text":"legal","start":2159.23,"end":2159.55},{"text":"regime","start":2159.55,"end":2160.03},{"text":"governing","start":2160.03,"end":2160.43},{"text":"outer","start":2160.43,"end":2160.75},{"text":"space","start":2160.75,"end":2161.03},{"text":"activities.","start":2161.03,"end":2161.79}]},{"text":"We urge all States to fully comply with its obligations, including its Article IV, not to place in orbit any objects carrying nuclear weapons or any other weapons of mass destruction.","start":2162.43,"end":2174.67,"topics":[{"key":"paros-legal-instrument","label":"Legally Binding PAROS Instrument","description":"A central topic was the call for negotiations on a legally binding, verifiable instrument to prevent an arms race in outer space. 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They warned that attacks on these systems, whether in space or cyberspace, would have serious humanitarian, economic, and security consequences."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":2199.71,"end":2199.95},{"text":"affects","start":2199.99,"end":2200.47},{"text":"civil","start":2200.47,"end":2200.71},{"text":"aviation,","start":2200.71,"end":2201.39},{"text":"the","start":2201.39,"end":2201.51},{"text":"maritime","start":2201.51,"end":2202.03},{"text":"sector,","start":2202.11,"end":2202.63},{"text":"as","start":2202.63,"end":2202.83},{"text":"well","start":2202.83,"end":2202.99},{"text":"as","start":2202.99,"end":2203.23},{"text":"critical","start":2203.23,"end":2203.63},{"text":"infrastructure","start":2203.63,"end":2204.43},{"text":"and","start":2204.43,"end":2204.55},{"text":"other","start":2204.55,"end":2204.75},{"text":"services.","start":2204.75,"end":2205.55}]},{"text":"Sweden recalls that under the Outer Space Treaty's Article 9, States Parties shall conduct all their activities in outer space with due regard to the corresponding interests of all other States Parties to the Treaty.","start":2205.95,"end":2218.27,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-space-use","label":"Peaceful Use of Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space is a global commons or common heritage of humankind and must be used exclusively for peaceful purposes. 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Chair.","start":2284.03,"end":2284.91,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":2284.03,"end":2284.23},{"text":"you,","start":2284.23,"end":2284.31},{"text":"Mr.","start":2284.31,"end":2284.59},{"text":"Chair.","start":2284.59,"end":2284.91}]},{"text":"We associate ourselves with the statement of the Sultanate of Oman on behalf of the Arab Group and the statement of Indonesia on behalf of the Non-Aligned 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Speakers also referred to congestion, debris mitigation, debris removal, and the need to keep space activities safe and predictable over the long term."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":2436.11,"end":2436.47},{"text":"persistent","start":2436.47,"end":2437.03},{"text":"deadlock","start":2437.03,"end":2437.55},{"text":"is","start":2437.55,"end":2437.71},{"text":"further","start":2437.71,"end":2438.11},{"text":"exacerbated","start":2438.11,"end":2438.99},{"text":"by","start":2438.99,"end":2439.23},{"text":"the","start":2439.23,"end":2439.31},{"text":"exponential","start":2439.31,"end":2440.03},{"text":"increase","start":2440.03,"end":2440.59},{"text":"in","start":2440.59,"end":2440.75},{"text":"tensions","start":2440.75,"end":2441.47},{"text":"linked","start":2442.07,"end":2442.51},{"text":"to","start":2442.51,"end":2442.59},{"text":"the","start":2442.59,"end":2442.71},{"text":"use","start":2442.71,"end":2443.03},{"text":"of","start":2443.03,"end":2443.27},{"text":"the","start":2443.27,"end":2443.39},{"text":"space","start":2443.39,"end":2443.75},{"text":"environment.","start":2443.75,"end":2444.47}]},{"text":"Brazil remains deeply concerned about the impact that the weaponization of outer space would have on international security and on the current and future uses of space for peaceful purposes.","start":2444.55,"end":2456.23,"topics":[{"key":"space-debris-sustainability","label":"Space Debris and Sustainability","description":"The sustainability of the space environment was a recurring concern, especially the creation of debris through destructive anti-satellite tests or deliberate destruction of space systems. 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They linked this principle to non-appropriation, equal access, and the obligation to preserve space for the benefit of all states and future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"Brazil","start":2444.55,"end":2444.87},{"text":"remains","start":2444.87,"end":2445.51},{"text":"deeply","start":2445.59,"end":2445.99},{"text":"concerned","start":2445.99,"end":2446.71},{"text":"about","start":2446.95,"end":2447.19},{"text":"the","start":2447.19,"end":2447.31},{"text":"impact","start":2447.31,"end":2447.79},{"text":"that","start":2447.79,"end":2447.95},{"text":"the","start":2447.95,"end":2448.03},{"text":"weaponization","start":2448.03,"end":2448.95},{"text":"of","start":2448.95,"end":2449.11},{"text":"outer","start":2449.11,"end":2449.43},{"text":"space","start":2449.43,"end":2449.83},{"text":"would","start":2449.99,"end":2450.35},{"text":"have","start":2450.35,"end":2450.75},{"text":"on","start":2450.75,"end":2450.87},{"text":"international","start":2450.87,"end":2451.43},{"text":"security","start":2451.43,"end":2452.07},{"text":"and","start":2452.31,"end":2452.47},{"text":"on","start":2452.47,"end":2452.55},{"text":"the","start":2452.55,"end":2452.67},{"text":"current","start":2452.67,"end":2453.19},{"text":"and","start":2453.19,"end":2453.35},{"text":"future","start":2453.35,"end":2453.91},{"text":"uses","start":2453.91,"end":2454.47},{"text":"of","start":2454.47,"end":2454.63},{"text":"space","start":2454.63,"end":2455.03},{"text":"for","start":2455.03,"end":2455.19},{"text":"peaceful","start":2455.19,"end":2455.51},{"text":"purposes.","start":2455.51,"end":2456.23}]},{"text":"The issue of powers and outer space security also has a direct relationship with a strategic competition in the nuclear domain and therefore influences perspectives for nuclear disarmament.","start":2456.71,"end":2467.99,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2456.71,"end":2456.83},{"text":"issue","start":2456.83,"end":2457.35},{"text":"of","start":2457.35,"end":2457.51},{"text":"powers","start":2457.51,"end":2458.03},{"text":"and","start":2458.03,"end":2458.23},{"text":"outer","start":2458.23,"end":2458.55},{"text":"space","start":2458.55,"end":2458.83},{"text":"security","start":2458.83,"end":2459.27},{"text":"also","start":2459.27,"end":2459.75},{"text":"has","start":2459.75,"end":2459.99},{"text":"a","start":2459.99,"end":2460.07},{"text":"direct","start":2460.07,"end":2460.47},{"text":"relationship","start":2460.47,"end":2461.35},{"text":"with","start":2461.51,"end":2461.91},{"text":"a","start":2461.91,"end":2461.95},{"text":"strategic","start":2461.95,"end":2462.59},{"text":"competition","start":2462.59,"end":2463.27},{"text":"in","start":2463.35,"end":2463.63},{"text":"the","start":2463.63,"end":2463.71},{"text":"nuclear","start":2463.71,"end":2464.23},{"text":"domain","start":2464.23,"end":2464.79},{"text":"and","start":2464.79,"end":2464.95},{"text":"therefore","start":2464.95,"end":2465.35},{"text":"influences","start":2465.35,"end":2466.07},{"text":"perspectives","start":2466.07,"end":2466.79},{"text":"for","start":2466.79,"end":2466.95},{"text":"nuclear","start":2466.95,"end":2467.35},{"text":"disarmament.","start":2467.35,"end":2467.99}]},{"text":"However, the discussions on the topic throughout 2025 present an opportunity for renewed optimism.","start":2468.51,"end":2474.83,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"However,","start":2468.51,"end":2468.99},{"text":"the","start":2468.99,"end":2469.07},{"text":"discussions","start":2469.07,"end":2469.67},{"text":"on","start":2469.67,"end":2469.75},{"text":"the","start":2469.75,"end":2469.83},{"text":"topic","start":2469.83,"end":2470.35},{"text":"throughout","start":2470.35,"end":2470.87},{"text":"2025","start":2470.87,"end":2471.87},{"text":"present","start":2471.95,"end":2472.39},{"text":"an","start":2472.39,"end":2472.51},{"text":"opportunity","start":2472.51,"end":2473.23},{"text":"for","start":2473.23,"end":2473.63},{"text":"renewed","start":2473.63,"end":2474.11},{"text":"optimism.","start":2474.11,"end":2474.83}]},{"text":"Last year, on the initiative of the core group of countries, including my own, the General Assembly adopted a decision to merge the two separate open-ended working groups on space security and powers, avoiding duplication of efforts and the escalation of political divisions.","start":2475.23,"end":2490.99,"topics":[{"key":"space-behavior-norms","label":"Space Norms and Confidence-Building Measures","description":"Several statements emphasized norms, rules, principles of responsible behavior, transparency, and confidence-building measures as tools to reduce misunderstanding and escalation in space. Many delegations described these measures as practical steps that should complement, and in some cases help prepare, future legal 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the challenges initially presented, the OEWG on powers in all its aspects successfully initiated its substantive work.","start":2491.23,"end":2500.43,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Despite","start":2491.23,"end":2491.63},{"text":"the","start":2491.63,"end":2491.75},{"text":"challenges","start":2491.75,"end":2492.27},{"text":"initially","start":2492.27,"end":2493.31},{"text":"presented,","start":2493.31,"end":2493.95},{"text":"the","start":2494.19,"end":2494.27},{"text":"OEWG","start":2494.27,"end":2495.03},{"text":"on","start":2495.03,"end":2495.15},{"text":"powers","start":2495.15,"end":2495.71},{"text":"in","start":2495.95,"end":2496.19},{"text":"all","start":2496.19,"end":2496.51},{"text":"its","start":2496.51,"end":2496.67},{"text":"aspects","start":2496.67,"end":2497.67},{"text":"successfully","start":2497.67,"end":2498.39},{"text":"initiated","start":2498.47,"end":2499.15},{"text":"its","start":2499.15,"end":2499.35},{"text":"substantive","start":2499.35,"end":2500.03},{"text":"work.","start":2500.03,"end":2500.43}]},{"text":"Brazil thanks the efforts made by the chair of the group, Ambassador Carlos Mario Foradori of Argentina.","start":2500.67,"end":2506.75,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Brazil","start":2500.67,"end":2501.11},{"text":"thanks","start":2501.11,"end":2501.51},{"text":"the","start":2501.51,"end":2501.59},{"text":"efforts","start":2501.63,"end":2502.03},{"text":"made","start":2502.03,"end":2502.35},{"text":"by","start":2502.35,"end":2502.51},{"text":"the","start":2502.51,"end":2502.59},{"text":"chair","start":2502.59,"end":2502.87},{"text":"of","start":2502.87,"end":2502.99},{"text":"the","start":2502.99,"end":2503.11},{"text":"group,","start":2503.11,"end":2503.39},{"text":"Ambassador","start":2503.39,"end":2503.95},{"text":"Carlos","start":2503.95,"end":2504.35},{"text":"Mario","start":2504.35,"end":2504.59},{"text":"Foradori","start":2504.59,"end":2505.55},{"text":"of","start":2505.79,"end":2505.99},{"text":"Argentina.","start":2505.99,"end":2506.75}]},{"text":"In this regard, the group's unified and comprehensive approach proved to be the most effective strategy for advancing the topic.","start":2507.15,"end":2514.43,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":2507.15,"end":2507.27},{"text":"this","start":2507.27,"end":2507.47},{"text":"regard,","start":2507.47,"end":2507.95},{"text":"the","start":2508.03,"end":2508.15},{"text":"group's","start":2508.15,"end":2508.51},{"text":"unified","start":2508.51,"end":2509.23},{"text":"and","start":2509.23,"end":2509.39},{"text":"comprehensive","start":2509.39,"end":2510.19},{"text":"approach","start":2510.19,"end":2510.75},{"text":"proved","start":2510.83,"end":2511.23},{"text":"to","start":2511.23,"end":2511.39},{"text":"be","start":2511.39,"end":2511.55},{"text":"the","start":2511.55,"end":2511.71},{"text":"most","start":2511.71,"end":2512.03},{"text":"effective","start":2512.03,"end":2512.51},{"text":"strategy","start":2512.51,"end":2513.15},{"text":"for","start":2513.15,"end":2513.31},{"text":"advancing","start":2513.31,"end":2513.79},{"text":"the","start":2513.79,"end":2513.87},{"text":"topic.","start":2513.87,"end":2514.43}]},{"text":"Chair, Brazil remains committed to negotiating a legally binding instrument on powers and believes that the current adoption of non-binding confidence-building measures, rules and principles of behavior should contribute to enhancing the existing legal framework and building trust.","start":2514.83,"end":2529.71,"topics":[{"key":"paros-legal-instrument","label":"Legally Binding PAROS Instrument","description":"A central topic was the call for negotiations on a legally binding, verifiable instrument to prevent an arms race in outer space. 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Many delegations described these measures as practical steps that should complement, and in some cases help prepare, future legal instruments."}],"words":[{"text":"Chair,","start":2514.83,"end":2515.19},{"text":"Brazil","start":2515.63,"end":2515.95},{"text":"remains","start":2515.95,"end":2516.43},{"text":"committed","start":2516.43,"end":2516.99},{"text":"to","start":2516.99,"end":2517.23},{"text":"negotiating","start":2517.23,"end":2517.99},{"text":"a","start":2517.99,"end":2518.03},{"text":"legally","start":2518.03,"end":2518.43},{"text":"binding","start":2518.43,"end":2518.87},{"text":"instrument","start":2518.87,"end":2519.27},{"text":"on","start":2519.27,"end":2519.39},{"text":"powers","start":2519.39,"end":2519.79},{"text":"and","start":2519.79,"end":2519.91},{"text":"believes","start":2519.91,"end":2520.27},{"text":"that","start":2520.27,"end":2520.43},{"text":"the","start":2520.43,"end":2520.55},{"text":"current","start":2520.55,"end":2520.91},{"text":"adoption","start":2520.91,"end":2521.43},{"text":"of","start":2521.43,"end":2521.55},{"text":"non-binding","start":2521.55,"end":2522.27},{"text":"confidence-building","start":2522.27,"end":2523.15},{"text":"measures,","start":2523.15,"end":2523.63},{"text":"rules","start":2523.87,"end":2524.27},{"text":"and","start":2524.27,"end":2524.39},{"text":"principles","start":2524.39,"end":2524.95},{"text":"of","start":2524.95,"end":2525.07},{"text":"behavior","start":2525.07,"end":2525.63},{"text":"should","start":2525.63,"end":2525.87},{"text":"contribute","start":2525.87,"end":2526.55},{"text":"to","start":2526.55,"end":2526.67},{"text":"enhancing","start":2526.71,"end":2527.23},{"text":"the","start":2527.23,"end":2527.35},{"text":"existing","start":2527.35,"end":2527.87},{"text":"legal","start":2527.87,"end":2528.07},{"text":"framework","start":2528.07,"end":2528.39},{"text":"and","start":2528.47,"end":2528.55},{"text":"building","start":2528.55,"end":2529.31},{"text":"trust.","start":2529.31,"end":2529.71}]},{"text":"Within the framework of PAROS in all its aspects, we expect the OEWG to consider all vectors of space threats identified in recent multilateral discussions, especially in the consensus report adopted by last year's GGE on PAROS.","start":2529.79,"end":2544.67,"topics":[{"key":"paros-legal-instrument","label":"Legally Binding PAROS Instrument","description":"A central topic was the call for negotiations on a legally binding, verifiable instrument to prevent an arms race in outer space. 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They linked this principle to non-appropriation, equal access, and the obligation to preserve space for the benefit of all states and future generations."},{"key":"space-debris-sustainability","label":"Space Debris and Sustainability","description":"The sustainability of the space environment was a recurring concern, especially the creation of debris through destructive anti-satellite tests or deliberate destruction of space systems. Speakers also referred to congestion, debris mitigation, debris removal, and the need to keep space activities safe and predictable over the long term."}],"words":[{"text":"Growing","start":2557.39,"end":2557.71},{"text":"tensions","start":2557.71,"end":2558.11},{"text":"in","start":2558.11,"end":2558.19},{"text":"space","start":2558.19,"end":2558.59},{"text":"impair","start":2558.59,"end":2559.07},{"text":"the","start":2559.07,"end":2559.15},{"text":"sustainability","start":2559.15,"end":2559.91},{"text":"of","start":2559.91,"end":2560.03},{"text":"peaceful","start":2560.03,"end":2560.43},{"text":"uses","start":2560.43,"end":2560.79},{"text":"of","start":2560.79,"end":2560.91},{"text":"outer","start":2560.91,"end":2561.15},{"text":"space,","start":2561.15,"end":2561.55},{"text":"which","start":2561.63,"end":2562.03},{"text":"is","start":2562.03,"end":2562.27},{"text":"of","start":2562.27,"end":2562.43},{"text":"critical","start":2562.43,"end":2562.83},{"text":"importance","start":2562.83,"end":2563.39},{"text":"for","start":2563.39,"end":2563.63},{"text":"all","start":2563.63,"end":2563.87},{"text":"countries,","start":2563.87,"end":2564.35},{"text":"regardless","start":2564.51,"end":2565.19},{"text":"of","start":2565.19,"end":2565.31},{"text":"their","start":2565.31,"end":2565.55},{"text":"domestic","start":2565.55,"end":2566.11},{"text":"technological","start":2566.11,"end":2566.75},{"text":"capabilities.","start":2566.75,"end":2567.63}]},{"text":"If not halted, the trend towards the weaponization of outer space risks eroding international cooperation in this domain disproportionate impact on developing countries.","start":2567.95,"end":2577.71,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-space-use","label":"Peaceful Use of Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space is a global commons or common heritage of humankind and must be used exclusively for peaceful purposes. They linked this principle to non-appropriation, equal access, and the obligation to preserve space for the benefit of all states and future generations."},{"key":"space-access-capacity","label":"Equitable Access and Capacity Building in Space","description":"Delegations repeatedly called for international cooperation, technology sharing, and capacity building so that developing countries, emerging space actors, and small states can benefit from peaceful space activities. This included support through COPUOS, UNOOSA, regional initiatives, and national space development programmes."}],"words":[{"text":"If","start":2567.95,"end":2568.11},{"text":"not","start":2568.11,"end":2568.43},{"text":"halted,","start":2568.43,"end":2568.99},{"text":"the","start":2569.07,"end":2569.27},{"text":"trend","start":2569.27,"end":2569.63},{"text":"towards","start":2569.63,"end":2569.99},{"text":"the","start":2569.99,"end":2570.07},{"text":"weaponization","start":2570.07,"end":2570.83},{"text":"of","start":2570.83,"end":2570.95},{"text":"outer","start":2570.95,"end":2571.15},{"text":"space","start":2571.15,"end":2571.55},{"text":"risks","start":2571.79,"end":2572.27},{"text":"eroding","start":2572.27,"end":2572.71},{"text":"international","start":2572.71,"end":2573.23},{"text":"cooperation","start":2573.23,"end":2573.79},{"text":"in","start":2573.79,"end":2573.95},{"text":"this","start":2573.95,"end":2574.11},{"text":"domain","start":2574.11,"end":2574.51},{"text":"disproportionate","start":2575.23,"end":2575.95},{"text":"impact","start":2575.95,"end":2576.43},{"text":"on","start":2576.43,"end":2576.51},{"text":"developing","start":2576.51,"end":2576.99},{"text":"countries.","start":2576.99,"end":2577.71}]},{"text":"Pending concrete progress in strengthening the bilateral framework for space security in Paris, our main responsibility remains to uphold the 1967 Outer Space Treaty.","start":2577.75,"end":2587.63,"topics":[{"key":"paros-legal-instrument","label":"Legally Binding PAROS Instrument","description":"A central topic was the call for negotiations on a legally binding, verifiable instrument to prevent an arms race in outer space. Speakers discussed banning the placement of weapons in space, prohibiting attacks on space objects, and using the Conference on Disarmament and the OEWG to advance treaty language."}],"words":[{"text":"Pending","start":2577.75,"end":2578.11},{"text":"concrete","start":2578.11,"end":2578.59},{"text":"progress","start":2578.59,"end":2579.15},{"text":"in","start":2579.15,"end":2579.31},{"text":"strengthening","start":2579.31,"end":2579.83},{"text":"the","start":2579.83,"end":2579.91},{"text":"bilateral","start":2579.91,"end":2580.39},{"text":"framework","start":2580.39,"end":2580.83},{"text":"for","start":2580.83,"end":2580.99},{"text":"space","start":2580.99,"end":2581.27},{"text":"security","start":2581.27,"end":2581.75},{"text":"in","start":2581.75,"end":2581.87},{"text":"Paris,","start":2581.87,"end":2582.35},{"text":"our","start":2582.35,"end":2582.59},{"text":"main","start":2582.59,"end":2582.79},{"text":"responsibility","start":2582.79,"end":2583.51},{"text":"remains","start":2583.51,"end":2584.03},{"text":"to","start":2584.11,"end":2584.35},{"text":"uphold","start":2584.35,"end":2584.75},{"text":"the","start":2584.75,"end":2584.83},{"text":"1967","start":2584.83,"end":2586.11},{"text":"Outer","start":2586.43,"end":2586.75},{"text":"Space","start":2586.75,"end":2587.15},{"text":"Treaty.","start":2587.15,"end":2587.63}]},{"text":"Its key provisions, the prohibiting placing of nuclear weapons, is more vital today, given the critical role of space assets for all states.","start":2588.03,"end":2597.39,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-space-use","label":"Peaceful Use of Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space is a global commons or common heritage of humankind and must be used exclusively for peaceful purposes. They linked this principle to non-appropriation, equal access, and the obligation to preserve space for the benefit of all states and future generations."},{"key":"critical-infrastructure-protection","label":"Protection of Critical Civilian Infrastructure","description":"Many delegations highlighted that both satellites and digital networks underpin essential civilian services such as communications, navigation, aviation, weather forecasting, health, and disaster response. They warned that attacks on these systems, whether in space or cyberspace, would have serious humanitarian, economic, and security consequences."}],"words":[{"text":"Its","start":2588.03,"end":2588.27},{"text":"key","start":2588.27,"end":2588.43},{"text":"provisions,","start":2588.43,"end":2589.07},{"text":"the","start":2589.23,"end":2589.47},{"text":"prohibiting","start":2590.99,"end":2591.51},{"text":"placing","start":2591.51,"end":2591.91},{"text":"of","start":2591.91,"end":2592.03},{"text":"nuclear","start":2592.03,"end":2592.35},{"text":"weapons,","start":2592.35,"end":2592.75},{"text":"is","start":2592.83,"end":2593.07},{"text":"more","start":2593.07,"end":2593.23},{"text":"vital","start":2593.23,"end":2593.59},{"text":"today,","start":2593.59,"end":2593.95},{"text":"given","start":2594.19,"end":2594.51},{"text":"the","start":2594.51,"end":2594.59},{"text":"critical","start":2594.59,"end":2595.07},{"text":"role","start":2595.07,"end":2595.39},{"text":"of","start":2595.55,"end":2595.71},{"text":"space","start":2595.71,"end":2596.03},{"text":"assets","start":2596.03,"end":2596.47},{"text":"for","start":2596.47,"end":2596.67},{"text":"all","start":2596.67,"end":2596.83},{"text":"states.","start":2596.83,"end":2597.39}]},{"text":"Thank you.","start":2597.71,"end":2598.03,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":2597.71,"end":2597.91},{"text":"you.","start":2597.91,"end":2598.03}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"BRA","affiliation_full":"Brazil","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":29,"start":2600.19,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c1/80/17?lang=en&t=2601","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, representative of Brazil, for your statement.","start":2600.19,"end":2603.39,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":2600.19,"end":2600.43},{"text":"you,","start":2600.43,"end":2600.51},{"text":"representative","start":2600.51,"end":2601.23},{"text":"of","start":2601.23,"end":2601.31},{"text":"Brazil,","start":2601.39,"end":2602.03},{"text":"for","start":2602.51,"end":2602.67},{"text":"your","start":2602.67,"end":2602.79},{"text":"statement.","start":2602.79,"end":2603.39}]},{"text":"Now the floor to the distinguished representative of Maldives.","start":2603.55,"end":2606.67,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Now","start":2603.55,"end":2603.71},{"text":"the","start":2603.71,"end":2603.79},{"text":"floor","start":2603.79,"end":2603.95},{"text":"to","start":2603.95,"end":2604.07},{"text":"the","start":2604.11,"end":2604.23},{"text":"distinguished","start":2604.23,"end":2604.75},{"text":"representative","start":2604.75,"end":2605.55},{"text":"of","start":2605.87,"end":2605.99},{"text":"Maldives.","start":2606.03,"end":2606.67}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"1st Committee","affiliation_full":"1st Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":30,"start":2608.75,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c1/80/17?lang=en&t=2609","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Chair. The Maldives aligns with the statement delivered by Nauru and reaffirms its commitment to the peaceful exploration and use of outer space for the benefit and in the interest of all humankind.","start":2608.75,"end":2619.87,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-space-use","label":"Peaceful Use of Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space is a global commons or common heritage of humankind and must be used exclusively for peaceful purposes. 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Many delegations described these measures as practical steps that should complement, and in some cases help prepare, future legal instruments."}],"words":[{"text":"Outer","start":2621.23,"end":2621.47},{"text":"space","start":2621.47,"end":2621.79},{"text":"must","start":2621.79,"end":2622.03},{"text":"remain","start":2622.03,"end":2622.27},{"text":"a","start":2622.27,"end":2622.31},{"text":"global","start":2622.31,"end":2622.67},{"text":"common,","start":2622.67,"end":2623.15},{"text":"governed","start":2623.15,"end":2623.55},{"text":"by","start":2623.55,"end":2623.71},{"text":"cooperation","start":2623.71,"end":2624.43},{"text":"and","start":2624.43,"end":2624.55},{"text":"transparency.","start":2624.55,"end":2625.31}]},{"text":"Legal instruments alone cannot ensure this.","start":2625.79,"end":2627.95,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Legal","start":2625.79,"end":2626.11},{"text":"instruments","start":2626.11,"end":2626.59},{"text":"alone","start":2626.59,"end":2626.91},{"text":"cannot","start":2626.91,"end":2627.23},{"text":"ensure","start":2627.23,"end":2627.63},{"text":"this.","start":2627.63,"end":2627.95}]},{"text":"It requires responsible behaviour, mutual trust and the capacity of all States, including Small Island Developing States, to contribute to and benefit from the peaceful use of space.","start":2628.11,"end":2638.11,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-space-use","label":"Peaceful Use of Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space is a global commons or common heritage of humankind and must be used exclusively for peaceful purposes. 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They warned that attacks on these systems, whether in space or cyberspace, would have serious humanitarian, economic, and security consequences."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2801.95,"end":2802.11},{"text":"Philippines","start":2802.11,"end":2802.59},{"text":"relies","start":2802.59,"end":2803.07},{"text":"on","start":2803.07,"end":2803.23},{"text":"outer","start":2803.23,"end":2803.55},{"text":"space","start":2803.55,"end":2804.03},{"text":"for","start":2804.35,"end":2804.51},{"text":"critical","start":2804.51,"end":2804.99},{"text":"areas","start":2804.99,"end":2805.35},{"text":"such","start":2805.35,"end":2805.55},{"text":"as","start":2805.55,"end":2805.67},{"text":"climate","start":2805.67,"end":2806.03},{"text":"change","start":2806.03,"end":2806.31},{"text":"and","start":2806.31,"end":2806.51},{"text":"telecommunications,","start":2806.51,"end":2807.47},{"text":"among","start":2807.47,"end":2807.79},{"text":"others.","start":2807.79,"end":2808.27}]},{"text":"As an emerging space actor, we see the need to update the governance framework for outer space.","start":2808.75,"end":2813.71,"topics":[{"key":"space-access-capacity","label":"Equitable Access and Capacity Building in Space","description":"Delegations repeatedly called for international cooperation, technology sharing, and capacity building so that developing countries, emerging space actors, and small states can benefit from peaceful space activities. This included support through COPUOS, UNOOSA, regional initiatives, and national space development programmes."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":2808.75,"end":2808.87},{"text":"an","start":2808.87,"end":2808.99},{"text":"emerging","start":2808.99,"end":2809.43},{"text":"space","start":2809.43,"end":2809.79},{"text":"actor,","start":2809.79,"end":2810.27},{"text":"we","start":2810.35,"end":2810.67},{"text":"see","start":2810.67,"end":2810.83},{"text":"the","start":2810.83,"end":2810.95},{"text":"need","start":2810.95,"end":2811.23},{"text":"to","start":2811.23,"end":2811.31},{"text":"update","start":2811.31,"end":2811.63},{"text":"the","start":2811.63,"end":2811.75},{"text":"governance","start":2811.75,"end":2812.35},{"text":"framework","start":2812.35,"end":2812.79},{"text":"for","start":2812.79,"end":2812.91},{"text":"outer","start":2812.91,"end":2813.23},{"text":"space.","start":2813.23,"end":2813.71}]},{"text":"geopolitical rivalries and strategic competition risk transforming outer space into a theater of militarization and conflict.","start":2814.31,"end":2820.99,"topics":[{"key":"paros-legal-instrument","label":"Legally Binding PAROS Instrument","description":"A central topic was the call for negotiations on a legally binding, verifiable instrument to prevent an arms race in outer space. 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Many delegations described these measures as practical steps that should complement, and in some cases help prepare, future legal instruments."},{"key":"paros-legal-instrument","label":"Legally Binding PAROS Instrument","description":"A central topic was the call for negotiations on a legally binding, verifiable instrument to prevent an arms race in outer space. 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Many delegations described these measures as practical steps that should complement, and in some cases help prepare, future legal instruments."}],"words":[{"text":"Moreover,","start":2878.11,"end":2879.15},{"text":"we","start":2879.15,"end":2879.31},{"text":"support","start":2879.31,"end":2879.79},{"text":"confidence-building","start":2879.79,"end":2880.67},{"text":"measures","start":2880.67,"end":2881.19},{"text":"such","start":2881.19,"end":2881.39},{"text":"as","start":2881.39,"end":2881.55},{"text":"the","start":2881.55,"end":2881.63},{"text":"Hague","start":2881.63,"end":2881.83},{"text":"Code","start":2881.83,"end":2882.11},{"text":"of","start":2882.11,"end":2882.27},{"text":"Conduct","start":2882.27,"end":2882.75},{"text":"against","start":2882.99,"end":2883.43},{"text":"Ballistic","start":2883.43,"end":2883.87},{"text":"Missile","start":2883.95,"end":2884.35},{"text":"Proliferation,","start":2884.35,"end":2885.39},{"text":"particularly","start":2885.71,"end":2886.51},{"text":"in","start":2886.51,"end":2886.59},{"text":"the","start":2886.59,"end":2886.71},{"text":"exchange","start":2886.71,"end":2887.15},{"text":"of","start":2887.15,"end":2887.31},{"text":"pre-launch","start":2887.31,"end":2887.87},{"text":"notifications","start":2887.87,"end":2888.99},{"text":"for","start":2889.23,"end":2889.39},{"text":"space","start":2889.39,"end":2889.79},{"text":"launch","start":2889.79,"end":2890.19},{"text":"vehicles","start":2890.19,"end":2890.83},{"text":"and","start":2891.11,"end":2891.27},{"text":"their","start":2891.27,"end":2891.39},{"text":"test","start":2891.39,"end":2891.71},{"text":"flights","start":2891.71,"end":2892.11},{"text":"to","start":2892.11,"end":2892.19},{"text":"mitigate","start":2892.19,"end":2892.67},{"text":"risk","start":2892.67,"end":2892.99},{"text":"of","start":2892.99,"end":2893.15},{"text":"accidents,","start":2893.15,"end":2893.87},{"text":"especially","start":2894.07,"end":2894.67},{"text":"those","start":2894.67,"end":2894.95},{"text":"involving","start":2894.95,"end":2895.47},{"text":"civilian","start":2895.47,"end":2896.03},{"text":"aviation","start":2896.15,"end":2896.83},{"text":"and","start":2896.83,"end":2896.95},{"text":"maritime","start":2896.95,"end":2897.47},{"text":"shipping.","start":2897.47,"end":2897.95}]},{"text":"Mr. Chair, we wish to emphasize that all nations have the right to peaceful uses of outer space, but this right must be exercised with due regard to the rights and interests of others.","start":2898.95,"end":2909.19,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-space-use","label":"Peaceful Use of Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space is a global commons or common heritage of humankind and must be used exclusively for peaceful purposes. They linked this principle to non-appropriation, equal access, and the obligation to preserve space for the benefit of all states and future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":2898.95,"end":2899.19},{"text":"Chair,","start":2899.19,"end":2899.67},{"text":"we","start":2899.91,"end":2900.19},{"text":"wish","start":2900.19,"end":2900.39},{"text":"to","start":2900.39,"end":2900.51},{"text":"emphasize","start":2900.51,"end":2901.03},{"text":"that","start":2901.03,"end":2901.19},{"text":"all","start":2901.19,"end":2901.39},{"text":"nations","start":2901.39,"end":2901.79},{"text":"have","start":2901.79,"end":2901.91},{"text":"the","start":2901.91,"end":2901.99},{"text":"right","start":2901.99,"end":2902.27},{"text":"to","start":2902.27,"end":2902.35},{"text":"peaceful","start":2902.35,"end":2902.79},{"text":"uses","start":2902.79,"end":2903.15},{"text":"of","start":2903.15,"end":2903.27},{"text":"outer","start":2903.27,"end":2903.59},{"text":"space,","start":2903.59,"end":2903.99},{"text":"but","start":2904.31,"end":2904.51},{"text":"this","start":2904.51,"end":2904.79},{"text":"right","start":2904.79,"end":2905.11},{"text":"must","start":2905.11,"end":2905.27},{"text":"be","start":2905.27,"end":2905.43},{"text":"exercised","start":2905.43,"end":2906.03},{"text":"with","start":2906.03,"end":2906.19},{"text":"due","start":2906.19,"end":2906.31},{"text":"regard","start":2906.31,"end":2906.87},{"text":"to","start":2907.11,"end":2907.27},{"text":"the","start":2907.27,"end":2907.35},{"text":"rights","start":2907.35,"end":2907.71},{"text":"and","start":2907.71,"end":2907.87},{"text":"interests","start":2907.87,"end":2908.47},{"text":"of","start":2908.47,"end":2908.63},{"text":"others.","start":2908.63,"end":2909.19}]},{"text":"Transparency, open communication, and broad consultations are important to enhancing outer space security.","start":2909.79,"end":2916.07,"topics":[{"key":"space-behavior-norms","label":"Space Norms and Confidence-Building Measures","description":"Several statements emphasized norms, rules, principles of responsible behavior, transparency, and confidence-building measures as tools to reduce misunderstanding and escalation in space. Many delegations described these measures as practical steps that should complement, and in some cases help prepare, future legal instruments."}],"words":[{"text":"Transparency,","start":2909.79,"end":2910.71},{"text":"open","start":2910.79,"end":2911.11},{"text":"communication,","start":2911.11,"end":2911.79},{"text":"and","start":2911.79,"end":2911.95},{"text":"broad","start":2911.99,"end":2912.19},{"text":"consultations","start":2912.19,"end":2912.91},{"text":"are","start":2912.91,"end":2913.03},{"text":"important","start":2913.03,"end":2914.07},{"text":"to","start":2914.23,"end":2914.31},{"text":"enhancing","start":2914.31,"end":2914.87},{"text":"outer","start":2914.87,"end":2915.19},{"text":"space","start":2915.19,"end":2915.39},{"text":"security.","start":2915.39,"end":2916.07}]},{"text":"The security of outer space is no longer about maintaining strategic parity among major space-faring powers.","start":2916.83,"end":2922.11,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-space-use","label":"Peaceful Use of Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space is a global commons or common heritage of humankind and must be used exclusively for peaceful purposes. They linked this principle to non-appropriation, equal access, and the obligation to preserve space for the benefit of all states and future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2916.83,"end":2916.87},{"text":"security","start":2916.87,"end":2917.27},{"text":"of","start":2917.27,"end":2917.39},{"text":"outer","start":2917.39,"end":2917.67},{"text":"space","start":2917.67,"end":2917.91},{"text":"is","start":2917.91,"end":2918.03},{"text":"no","start":2918.03,"end":2918.19},{"text":"longer","start":2918.19,"end":2918.51},{"text":"about","start":2918.51,"end":2918.75},{"text":"maintaining","start":2918.75,"end":2919.19},{"text":"strategic","start":2919.19,"end":2919.71},{"text":"parity","start":2919.71,"end":2920.15},{"text":"among","start":2920.15,"end":2920.39},{"text":"major","start":2920.39,"end":2920.75},{"text":"space-faring","start":2920.75,"end":2921.55},{"text":"powers.","start":2921.55,"end":2922.11}]},{"text":"It is about securing outer space for the peaceful uses of all nations and the preservation of outer space for future generations.","start":2922.43,"end":2930.27,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-space-use","label":"Peaceful Use of Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space is a global commons or common heritage of humankind and must be used exclusively for peaceful purposes. They linked this principle to non-appropriation, equal access, and the obligation to preserve space for the benefit of all states and future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":2922.43,"end":2922.55},{"text":"is","start":2922.55,"end":2922.67},{"text":"about","start":2922.67,"end":2922.91},{"text":"securing","start":2922.91,"end":2924.11},{"text":"outer","start":2924.11,"end":2924.39},{"text":"space","start":2924.39,"end":2924.83},{"text":"for","start":2925.07,"end":2925.27},{"text":"the","start":2925.27,"end":2925.39},{"text":"peaceful","start":2925.39,"end":2925.79},{"text":"uses","start":2925.79,"end":2926.15},{"text":"of","start":2926.15,"end":2926.27},{"text":"all","start":2926.27,"end":2926.43},{"text":"nations","start":2926.43,"end":2926.99},{"text":"and","start":2927.15,"end":2927.35},{"text":"the","start":2927.35,"end":2927.43},{"text":"preservation","start":2927.43,"end":2928.19},{"text":"of","start":2928.19,"end":2928.27},{"text":"outer","start":2928.27,"end":2928.55},{"text":"space","start":2928.55,"end":2928.91},{"text":"for","start":2928.91,"end":2929.07},{"text":"future","start":2929.07,"end":2929.47},{"text":"generations.","start":2929.47,"end":2930.27}]},{"text":"Thank you, Mr. Chair.","start":2930.59,"end":2931.55,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":2930.59,"end":2930.83},{"text":"you,","start":2930.83,"end":2930.91},{"text":"Mr.","start":2930.91,"end":2931.15},{"text":"Chair.","start":2931.15,"end":2931.55}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"PHL","affiliation_full":"Philippines","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":33,"start":2933.79,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c1/80/17?lang=en&t=2934","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the representative of Philippines for her statement.","start":2933.79,"end":2936.99,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":2933.79,"end":2933.83},{"text":"thank","start":2933.83,"end":2934.11},{"text":"the","start":2934.11,"end":2934.19},{"text":"representative","start":2934.19,"end":2935.15},{"text":"of","start":2935.15,"end":2935.23},{"text":"Philippines","start":2935.55,"end":2936.07},{"text":"for","start":2936.07,"end":2936.23},{"text":"her","start":2936.23,"end":2936.35},{"text":"statement.","start":2936.35,"end":2936.99}]},{"text":"I give now the floor to His Excellency, Permanent Representative of the Republic of Korea to the Conference on Disarmament.","start":2937.55,"end":2944.75,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":2937.55,"end":2937.63},{"text":"give","start":2937.63,"end":2937.79},{"text":"now","start":2937.79,"end":2937.91},{"text":"the","start":2937.91,"end":2937.99},{"text":"floor","start":2938.03,"end":2938.27},{"text":"to","start":2938.27,"end":2938.43},{"text":"His","start":2938.43,"end":2938.59},{"text":"Excellency,","start":2938.59,"end":2939.15},{"text":"Permanent","start":2939.15,"end":2939.63},{"text":"Representative","start":2939.63,"end":2940.19},{"text":"of","start":2940.23,"end":2940.31},{"text":"the","start":2940.31,"end":2940.39},{"text":"Republic","start":2940.39,"end":2941.07},{"text":"of","start":2941.07,"end":2941.31},{"text":"Korea","start":2941.31,"end":2941.87},{"text":"to","start":2942.75,"end":2942.91},{"text":"the","start":2942.91,"end":2943.03},{"text":"Conference","start":2943.03,"end":2943.55},{"text":"on","start":2943.55,"end":2943.95},{"text":"Disarmament.","start":2944.03,"end":2944.75}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"1st Committee","affiliation_full":"1st Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":34,"start":2946.91,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c1/80/17?lang=en&t=2947","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Mr. Chair, the Republic of Korea reaffirms its commitment to a secure, safe, and sustainable outer space.","start":2946.91,"end":2953.23,"topics":[{"key":"space-debris-sustainability","label":"Space Debris and Sustainability","description":"The sustainability of the space environment was a recurring concern, especially the creation of debris through destructive anti-satellite tests or deliberate destruction of space systems. Speakers also referred to congestion, debris mitigation, debris removal, and the need to keep space activities safe and predictable over the long term."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":2946.91,"end":2947.31},{"text":"Chair,","start":2947.31,"end":2947.55},{"text":"the","start":2947.79,"end":2947.91},{"text":"Republic","start":2947.91,"end":2948.23},{"text":"of","start":2948.23,"end":2948.31},{"text":"Korea","start":2948.31,"end":2948.67},{"text":"reaffirms","start":2948.67,"end":2949.35},{"text":"its","start":2949.35,"end":2949.47},{"text":"commitment","start":2949.47,"end":2950.23},{"text":"to","start":2950.23,"end":2950.35},{"text":"a","start":2950.35,"end":2950.39},{"text":"secure,","start":2950.39,"end":2950.99},{"text":"safe,","start":2950.99,"end":2951.47},{"text":"and","start":2951.63,"end":2951.83},{"text":"sustainable","start":2951.83,"end":2952.51},{"text":"outer","start":2952.51,"end":2952.75},{"text":"space.","start":2952.75,"end":2953.23}]},{"text":"The rapid evolution of the space domain with diverse actors, the proliferation of space objects, intensifying geopolitical tensions, and the dual-use nature of technologies heightens risks of misperception and instability.","start":2954.03,"end":2967.95,"topics":[{"key":"space-debris-sustainability","label":"Space Debris and Sustainability","description":"The sustainability of the space environment was a recurring concern, especially the creation of debris through destructive anti-satellite tests or deliberate destruction of space systems. Speakers also referred to congestion, debris mitigation, debris removal, and the need to keep space activities safe and predictable over the long term."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2954.03,"end":2954.15},{"text":"rapid","start":2954.15,"end":2954.47},{"text":"evolution","start":2954.47,"end":2955.07},{"text":"of","start":2955.07,"end":2955.39},{"text":"the","start":2955.39,"end":2955.47},{"text":"space","start":2955.47,"end":2955.79},{"text":"domain","start":2955.79,"end":2956.27},{"text":"with","start":2956.27,"end":2956.47},{"text":"diverse","start":2956.47,"end":2956.91},{"text":"actors,","start":2956.91,"end":2957.55},{"text":"the","start":2957.63,"end":2957.75},{"text":"proliferation","start":2957.75,"end":2958.47},{"text":"of","start":2958.47,"end":2958.59},{"text":"space","start":2958.59,"end":2958.99},{"text":"objects,","start":2958.99,"end":2959.47},{"text":"intensifying","start":2959.71,"end":2960.43},{"text":"geopolitical","start":2960.43,"end":2960.99},{"text":"tensions,","start":2960.99,"end":2961.71},{"text":"and","start":2961.71,"end":2961.91},{"text":"the","start":2961.91,"end":2961.99},{"text":"dual-use","start":2961.99,"end":2962.59},{"text":"nature","start":2962.59,"end":2963.15},{"text":"of","start":2963.15,"end":2963.23},{"text":"technologies","start":2963.23,"end":2964.03},{"text":"heightens","start":2964.27,"end":2965.15},{"text":"risks","start":2965.15,"end":2965.55},{"text":"of","start":2965.55,"end":2965.87},{"text":"misperception","start":2966.27,"end":2966.99},{"text":"and","start":2966.99,"end":2967.15},{"text":"instability.","start":2967.15,"end":2967.95}]},{"text":"Against this backdrop, a multi-pronged approach combining legal, normative, and practical measures is needed.","start":2968.51,"end":2975.39,"topics":[{"key":"space-behavior-norms","label":"Space Norms and Confidence-Building Measures","description":"Several statements emphasized norms, rules, principles of responsible behavior, transparency, and confidence-building measures as tools to reduce misunderstanding and escalation in space. Many delegations described these measures as practical steps that should complement, and in some cases help prepare, future legal instruments."},{"key":"paros-legal-instrument","label":"Legally Binding PAROS Instrument","description":"A central topic was the call for negotiations on a legally binding, verifiable instrument to prevent an arms race in outer space. Speakers discussed banning the placement of weapons in space, prohibiting attacks on space objects, and using the Conference on Disarmament and the OEWG to advance treaty language."}],"words":[{"text":"Against","start":2968.51,"end":2968.95},{"text":"this","start":2968.95,"end":2969.07},{"text":"backdrop,","start":2969.07,"end":2969.71},{"text":"a","start":2970.19,"end":2970.23},{"text":"multi-pronged","start":2970.23,"end":2970.79},{"text":"approach","start":2970.79,"end":2971.79},{"text":"combining","start":2971.87,"end":2972.35},{"text":"legal,","start":2972.35,"end":2972.95},{"text":"normative,","start":2973.07,"end":2973.79},{"text":"and","start":2973.83,"end":2973.95},{"text":"practical","start":2973.95,"end":2974.35},{"text":"measures","start":2974.35,"end":2974.71},{"text":"is","start":2974.71,"end":2974.91},{"text":"needed.","start":2974.91,"end":2975.39}]},{"text":"The General Assembly decision last December to establish the integrated OEWG laid the groundwork for this effort in space security.","start":2976.19,"end":2984.71,"topics":[{"key":"space-behavior-norms","label":"Space Norms and Confidence-Building Measures","description":"Several statements emphasized norms, rules, principles of responsible behavior, transparency, and confidence-building measures as tools to reduce misunderstanding and escalation in space. Many delegations described these measures as practical steps that should complement, and in some cases help prepare, future legal instruments."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2976.19,"end":2976.23},{"text":"General","start":2976.23,"end":2976.59},{"text":"Assembly","start":2976.59,"end":2976.95},{"text":"decision","start":2976.95,"end":2977.39},{"text":"last","start":2977.39,"end":2977.71},{"text":"December","start":2977.71,"end":2978.31},{"text":"to","start":2978.31,"end":2978.47},{"text":"establish","start":2978.47,"end":2978.95},{"text":"the","start":2978.95,"end":2979.03},{"text":"integrated","start":2979.03,"end":2979.83},{"text":"OEWG","start":2979.87,"end":2980.87},{"text":"laid","start":2981.19,"end":2981.43},{"text":"the","start":2981.43,"end":2981.51},{"text":"groundwork","start":2981.51,"end":2982.35},{"text":"for","start":2982.39,"end":2982.67},{"text":"this","start":2982.67,"end":2982.95},{"text":"effort","start":2982.95,"end":2983.51},{"text":"in","start":2983.67,"end":2983.83},{"text":"space","start":2983.83,"end":2984.11},{"text":"security.","start":2984.11,"end":2984.71}]},{"text":"We welcome the progress made at the OEWG second session despite all your procedural delays.","start":2985.27,"end":2991.59,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":2985.27,"end":2985.51},{"text":"welcome","start":2985.51,"end":2985.99},{"text":"the","start":2985.99,"end":2986.07},{"text":"progress","start":2986.07,"end":2986.63},{"text":"made","start":2986.63,"end":2987.03},{"text":"at","start":2987.19,"end":2987.39},{"text":"the","start":2987.39,"end":2987.47},{"text":"OEWG","start":2987.47,"end":2988.39},{"text":"second","start":2988.39,"end":2988.71},{"text":"session","start":2988.71,"end":2989.27},{"text":"despite","start":2989.35,"end":2989.99},{"text":"all","start":2989.99,"end":2990.23},{"text":"your","start":2990.23,"end":2990.47},{"text":"procedural","start":2990.47,"end":2991.03},{"text":"delays.","start":2991.03,"end":2991.59}]},{"text":"The Republic of Korea will continue to engage constructively, consistent with our view that an approach based on responsible behaviors remains a particularly pragmatic and realistic way forward for advancing space security.","start":2992.35,"end":3006.55,"topics":[{"key":"space-behavior-norms","label":"Space Norms and Confidence-Building Measures","description":"Several statements emphasized norms, rules, principles of responsible behavior, transparency, and confidence-building measures as tools to reduce misunderstanding and escalation in space. Many delegations described these measures as practical steps that should complement, and in some cases help prepare, future legal instruments."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2992.35,"end":2992.39},{"text":"Republic","start":2992.39,"end":2992.71},{"text":"of","start":2992.71,"end":2992.79},{"text":"Korea","start":2992.79,"end":2993.27},{"text":"will","start":2993.27,"end":2993.43},{"text":"continue","start":2993.43,"end":2993.91},{"text":"to","start":2993.91,"end":2994.11},{"text":"engage","start":2994.11,"end":2994.55},{"text":"constructively,","start":2994.55,"end":2995.43},{"text":"consistent","start":2995.75,"end":2996.31},{"text":"with","start":2996.31,"end":2996.51},{"text":"our","start":2996.55,"end":2996.79},{"text":"view","start":2996.79,"end":2997.27},{"text":"that","start":2997.59,"end":2997.79},{"text":"an","start":2997.79,"end":2997.91},{"text":"approach","start":2997.91,"end":2998.31},{"text":"based","start":2998.39,"end":2998.75},{"text":"on","start":2998.75,"end":2999.03},{"text":"responsible","start":2999.27,"end":2999.91},{"text":"behaviors","start":2999.91,"end":3000.55},{"text":"remains","start":3000.55,"end":3001.19},{"text":"a","start":3001.27,"end":3001.31},{"text":"particularly","start":3001.31,"end":3001.99},{"text":"pragmatic","start":3001.99,"end":3002.63},{"text":"and","start":3002.95,"end":3003.23},{"text":"realistic","start":3003.23,"end":3003.67},{"text":"way","start":3003.67,"end":3003.91},{"text":"forward","start":3003.91,"end":3004.39},{"text":"for","start":3004.55,"end":3004.75},{"text":"advancing","start":3004.75,"end":3005.43},{"text":"space","start":3005.59,"end":3005.99},{"text":"security.","start":3005.99,"end":3006.55}]},{"text":"We urge all delegations to engage constructively, enabling future sessions to promptly proceed with substantive, meaningful discussions.","start":3007.75,"end":3016.63,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3007.75,"end":3007.99},{"text":"urge","start":3007.99,"end":3008.39},{"text":"all","start":3008.51,"end":3008.79},{"text":"delegations","start":3008.79,"end":3009.51},{"text":"to","start":3009.51,"end":3009.67},{"text":"engage","start":3009.71,"end":3010.19},{"text":"constructively,","start":3010.19,"end":3011.15},{"text":"enabling","start":3011.15,"end":3011.67},{"text":"future","start":3011.67,"end":3012.07},{"text":"sessions","start":3012.07,"end":3012.63},{"text":"to","start":3012.63,"end":3012.71},{"text":"promptly","start":3012.71,"end":3013.27},{"text":"proceed","start":3013.27,"end":3013.91},{"text":"with","start":3014.07,"end":3014.47},{"text":"substantive,","start":3014.47,"end":3015.19},{"text":"meaningful","start":3015.35,"end":3015.91},{"text":"discussions.","start":3015.91,"end":3016.63}]},{"text":"In this vein, my government will host the 24th annual ROK-UN Joint Conference on Disarmament and Non-Proliferation, focusing on outer space security in 4th and 5th December here in New York to actively engage with international community in charting the way for promoting peace, stability, and responsible and sustainable use of outer space.","start":3017.43,"end":3042.63,"topics":[{"key":"space-behavior-norms","label":"Space Norms and Confidence-Building Measures","description":"Several statements emphasized norms, rules, principles of responsible behavior, transparency, and confidence-building measures as tools to reduce misunderstanding and escalation in space. Many delegations described these measures as practical steps that should complement, and in some cases help prepare, future legal instruments."},{"key":"space-access-capacity","label":"Equitable Access and Capacity Building in Space","description":"Delegations repeatedly called for international cooperation, technology sharing, and capacity building so that developing countries, emerging space actors, and small states can benefit from peaceful space activities. This included support through COPUOS, UNOOSA, regional initiatives, and national space development programmes."},{"key":"peaceful-space-use","label":"Peaceful Use of Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space is a global commons or common heritage of humankind and must be used exclusively for peaceful purposes. 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This included support through COPUOS, UNOOSA, regional initiatives, and national space development programmes."}],"words":[{"text":"After","start":3076.47,"end":3076.99},{"text":"the","start":3076.99,"end":3077.07},{"text":"establishment","start":3077.07,"end":3077.79},{"text":"of","start":3077.79,"end":3077.99},{"text":"Korean","start":3077.99,"end":3078.47},{"text":"Aerospace","start":3078.47,"end":3079.19},{"text":"Administration","start":3079.19,"end":3080.03},{"text":"last","start":3080.03,"end":3080.31},{"text":"year,","start":3080.31,"end":3080.63},{"text":"Republic","start":3081.79,"end":3082.11},{"text":"of","start":3082.11,"end":3082.19},{"text":"Korea","start":3082.19,"end":3082.47},{"text":"has","start":3082.47,"end":3082.79},{"text":"advanced","start":3082.79,"end":3083.47},{"text":"this","start":3083.47,"end":3083.67},{"text":"commitment","start":3083.67,"end":3084.27},{"text":"through","start":3084.27,"end":3084.79},{"text":"close","start":3084.95,"end":3085.43},{"text":"collaboration","start":3085.43,"end":3086.31},{"text":"with","start":3086.31,"end":3086.55},{"text":"NASA","start":3086.55,"end":3087.19},{"text":"by","start":3087.59,"end":3087.83},{"text":"co-developing","start":3087.83,"end":3088.87},{"text":"the","start":3088.87,"end":3089.03},{"text":"coronagraph","start":3089.03,"end":3089.99},{"text":"for","start":3090.47,"end":3090.79},{"text":"solar","start":3090.79,"end":3091.11},{"text":"wind","start":3091.11,"end":3091.51},{"text":"research","start":3091.51,"end":3092.15},{"text":"and","start":3092.31,"end":3092.59},{"text":"launching","start":3092.59,"end":3093.19},{"text":"the","start":3093.43,"end":3093.59},{"text":"joint","start":3093.59,"end":3094.19},{"text":"space","start":3094.19,"end":3094.63},{"text":"telescope,","start":3094.63,"end":3095.27},{"text":"SPEAR-X,","start":3095.35,"end":3096.15},{"text":"to","start":3096.39,"end":3096.55},{"text":"map","start":3096.55,"end":3096.83},{"text":"the","start":3096.83,"end":3096.91},{"text":"universe","start":3096.91,"end":3097.59},{"text":"and","start":3097.59,"end":3097.83},{"text":"explore","start":3097.83,"end":3098.31},{"text":"cosmic","start":3098.31,"end":3098.95},{"text":"regions.","start":3098.95,"end":3099.59}]},{"text":"To conclude, the Republic of Korea reiterates its unwavering dedication to cooperating with the international community to ensure that space endeavors contribute to global peace and security, and above all, prosperity of all humankind.","start":3100.43,"end":3114.79,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-space-use","label":"Peaceful Use of Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space is a global commons or common heritage of humankind and must be used exclusively for peaceful purposes. 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They linked this principle to non-appropriation, equal access, and the obligation to preserve space for the benefit of all states and future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3134.27,"end":3134.47},{"text":"are","start":3134.47,"end":3134.55},{"text":"now","start":3134.55,"end":3134.75},{"text":"seeing","start":3134.75,"end":3135.35},{"text":"a","start":3135.35,"end":3135.39},{"text":"proliferation","start":3135.39,"end":3136.15},{"text":"of","start":3136.15,"end":3136.27},{"text":"initiatives","start":3136.27,"end":3137.23},{"text":"that","start":3137.79,"end":3138.27},{"text":"mean","start":3138.75,"end":3139.23},{"text":"that","start":3139.47,"end":3139.71},{"text":"more","start":3139.71,"end":3139.91},{"text":"than","start":3139.91,"end":3140.03},{"text":"ever","start":3140.03,"end":3140.35},{"text":"we","start":3140.35,"end":3140.59},{"text":"need","start":3140.59,"end":3140.71},{"text":"to","start":3140.71,"end":3140.79},{"text":"protect","start":3140.79,"end":3141.47},{"text":"outer","start":3141.47,"end":3141.71},{"text":"space","start":3141.71,"end":3142.35},{"text":"as","start":3142.91,"end":3143.47},{"text":"a","start":3144.03,"end":3144.07},{"text":"heritage","start":3144.07,"end":3144.55},{"text":"of","start":3144.55,"end":3144.67},{"text":"humanity","start":3144.67,"end":3145.31},{"text":"that","start":3145.31,"end":3145.47},{"text":"must","start":3145.47,"end":3145.79},{"text":"only","start":3145.79,"end":3146.11},{"text":"be","start":3146.11,"end":3146.27},{"text":"used","start":3146.27,"end":3146.67},{"text":"for","start":3146.67,"end":3146.83},{"text":"peaceful","start":3146.83,"end":3147.23},{"text":"purposes.","start":3147.23,"end":3148.03}]},{"text":"We fully support the prevention of any kind of arms race in outer space.","start":3148.51,"end":3152.59,"topics":[{"key":"paros-legal-instrument","label":"Legally Binding PAROS Instrument","description":"A central topic was the call for negotiations on a legally binding, verifiable instrument to prevent an arms race in outer space. 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They linked this principle to non-appropriation, equal access, and the obligation to preserve space for the benefit of all states and future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"All","start":3374.63,"end":3375.07},{"text":"parties,","start":3375.47,"end":3376.19},{"text":"all","start":3376.47,"end":3376.75},{"text":"countries","start":3376.91,"end":3377.71},{"text":"must","start":3377.71,"end":3378.19},{"text":"remain","start":3378.19,"end":3378.83},{"text":"committed","start":3378.83,"end":3379.39},{"text":"to","start":3379.39,"end":3379.51},{"text":"the","start":3379.51,"end":3379.59},{"text":"1967","start":3379.59,"end":3380.83},{"text":"OST.","start":3380.83,"end":3381.55}]},{"text":"This treaty is essential in regulating outer space for peaceful uses.","start":3381.71,"end":3386.51,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-space-use","label":"Peaceful Use of Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space is a global commons or common heritage of humankind and must be used exclusively for peaceful purposes. They linked this principle to non-appropriation, equal access, and the obligation to preserve space for the benefit of all states and future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":3381.71,"end":3382.03},{"text":"treaty","start":3382.03,"end":3382.51},{"text":"is","start":3382.51,"end":3382.75},{"text":"essential","start":3382.75,"end":3383.27},{"text":"in","start":3383.31,"end":3383.55},{"text":"regulating","start":3383.55,"end":3384.35},{"text":"outer","start":3384.35,"end":3384.95},{"text":"space","start":3384.95,"end":3385.39},{"text":"for","start":3385.39,"end":3385.55},{"text":"peaceful","start":3385.55,"end":3386.03},{"text":"uses.","start":3386.03,"end":3386.51}]},{"text":"In addition, all countries must abstain and refrain from placing weapons of mass destruction in orbit or elsewhere in outer space in order to keep outer space for peaceful uses without threats.","start":3387.07,"end":3401.55,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-space-use","label":"Peaceful Use of Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space is a global commons or common heritage of humankind and must be used exclusively for peaceful purposes. 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Speakers discussed banning the placement of weapons in space, prohibiting attacks on space objects, and using the Conference on Disarmament and the OEWG to advance treaty language."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":3387.07,"end":3387.27},{"text":"addition,","start":3387.27,"end":3387.71},{"text":"all","start":3387.71,"end":3387.95},{"text":"countries","start":3387.95,"end":3388.59},{"text":"must","start":3388.67,"end":3389.31},{"text":"abstain","start":3389.71,"end":3390.35},{"text":"and","start":3390.35,"end":3390.63},{"text":"refrain","start":3390.63,"end":3391.15},{"text":"from","start":3391.15,"end":3391.47},{"text":"placing","start":3391.47,"end":3392.03},{"text":"weapons","start":3392.03,"end":3392.51},{"text":"of","start":3392.51,"end":3392.67},{"text":"mass","start":3392.67,"end":3392.99},{"text":"destruction","start":3392.99,"end":3393.87},{"text":"in","start":3393.87,"end":3393.95},{"text":"orbit","start":3393.95,"end":3394.51},{"text":"or","start":3394.83,"end":3395.15},{"text":"elsewhere","start":3395.15,"end":3395.71},{"text":"in","start":3395.79,"end":3396.51},{"text":"outer","start":3396.51,"end":3396.91},{"text":"space","start":3396.91,"end":3397.31},{"text":"in","start":3397.31,"end":3397.55},{"text":"order","start":3397.55,"end":3397.87},{"text":"to","start":3397.87,"end":3398.03},{"text":"keep","start":3398.03,"end":3398.35},{"text":"outer","start":3398.35,"end":3398.75},{"text":"space","start":3398.75,"end":3399.31},{"text":"for","start":3399.31,"end":3399.55},{"text":"peaceful","start":3399.55,"end":3399.95},{"text":"uses","start":3399.95,"end":3400.43},{"text":"without","start":3400.43,"end":3401.03},{"text":"threats.","start":3401.03,"end":3401.55}]},{"text":"Chair, the responsible behavior of states in outer space is a pillar to promote space security and to build mutual trust among countries by upholding international treaties and conventions and by taking practical measures that will reduce risks in outer space.","start":3402.39,"end":3422.93,"topics":[{"key":"space-behavior-norms","label":"Space Norms and Confidence-Building Measures","description":"Several statements emphasized norms, rules, principles of responsible behavior, transparency, and confidence-building measures as tools to reduce misunderstanding and escalation in space. 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This included support through COPUOS, UNOOSA, regional initiatives, and national space development programmes."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":3460.33,"end":3460.65},{"text":"will","start":3460.65,"end":3460.81},{"text":"also","start":3460.81,"end":3461.21},{"text":"allow","start":3461.21,"end":3461.61},{"text":"developing","start":3461.61,"end":3462.25},{"text":"countries","start":3462.25,"end":3462.65},{"text":"to","start":3462.65,"end":3462.81},{"text":"develop","start":3462.81,"end":3463.21},{"text":"their","start":3463.21,"end":3463.45},{"text":"scientific","start":3463.45,"end":3464.01},{"text":"and","start":3464.01,"end":3464.17},{"text":"technological","start":3464.17,"end":3464.89},{"text":"capacities","start":3464.89,"end":3465.61},{"text":"to","start":3465.61,"end":3465.73},{"text":"improve","start":3465.73,"end":3466.17},{"text":"the","start":3466.17,"end":3466.33},{"text":"living","start":3466.33,"end":3466.61},{"text":"conditions","start":3466.61,"end":3467.21},{"text":"of","start":3467.21,"end":3467.29},{"text":"their","start":3467.29,"end":3467.49},{"text":"people","start":3467.49,"end":3467.89},{"text":"and","start":3467.93,"end":3468.09},{"text":"to","start":3468.09,"end":3468.21},{"text":"achieve","start":3468.21,"end":3468.73},{"text":"SDGs.","start":3468.97,"end":3469.69}]},{"text":"In conclusion, Chair, we welcome the progress achieved by the OEWG on preventing an arms race in outer space, which was established by virtue of GA decision 512/79, including its last meeting in July in Geneva.","start":3469.93,"end":3489.97,"topics":[{"key":"paros-legal-instrument","label":"Legally Binding PAROS Instrument","description":"A central topic was the call for negotiations on a legally binding, verifiable instrument to prevent an arms race in outer space. 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They linked this principle to non-appropriation, equal access, and the obligation to preserve space for the benefit of all states and future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"There","start":3595.37,"end":3595.49},{"text":"needs","start":3595.49,"end":3595.69},{"text":"to","start":3595.69,"end":3595.77},{"text":"be","start":3595.77,"end":3595.89},{"text":"an","start":3595.89,"end":3596.01},{"text":"immediate","start":3596.01,"end":3596.41},{"text":"end","start":3596.41,"end":3596.73},{"text":"to","start":3596.73,"end":3596.85},{"text":"unilateral","start":3596.85,"end":3597.45},{"text":"coercive","start":3597.45,"end":3597.85},{"text":"measures","start":3597.85,"end":3598.49},{"text":"that","start":3599.05,"end":3599.61},{"text":"prevent","start":3599.69,"end":3600.33},{"text":"countries,","start":3600.33,"end":3601.05},{"text":"developing","start":3601.05,"end":3601.53},{"text":"countries,","start":3601.53,"end":3601.89},{"text":"from","start":3601.89,"end":3602.05},{"text":"carrying","start":3602.05,"end":3602.41},{"text":"out","start":3602.41,"end":3602.81},{"text":"peaceful","start":3603.61,"end":3604.17},{"text":"space","start":3604.17,"end":3604.81},{"text":"activities.","start":3604.97,"end":3606.01}]},{"text":"This is something that goes against international treaties.","start":3606.89,"end":3609.77,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":3606.89,"end":3607.09},{"text":"is","start":3607.09,"end":3607.17},{"text":"something","start":3607.17,"end":3607.45},{"text":"that","start":3607.45,"end":3607.61},{"text":"goes","start":3607.61,"end":3607.93},{"text":"against","start":3607.93,"end":3608.41},{"text":"international","start":3608.41,"end":3608.97},{"text":"treaties.","start":3608.97,"end":3609.77}]},{"text":"There has to be full respect for the legitimate right of all states to use outer space on an equal footing without any kind of discrimination and to benefit from capacity building and cooperation and the relevant transfer of technologies.","start":3610.65,"end":3626.49,"topics":[{"key":"space-access-capacity","label":"Equitable Access and Capacity Building in Space","description":"Delegations repeatedly called for international cooperation, technology sharing, and capacity building so that developing countries, emerging space actors, and small states can benefit from peaceful space activities. This included support through COPUOS, UNOOSA, regional initiatives, and national space development programmes."}],"words":[{"text":"There","start":3610.65,"end":3610.77},{"text":"has","start":3610.77,"end":3611.05},{"text":"to","start":3611.05,"end":3611.17},{"text":"be","start":3611.17,"end":3611.37},{"text":"full","start":3611.37,"end":3611.61},{"text":"respect","start":3611.61,"end":3612.33},{"text":"for","start":3612.33,"end":3612.49},{"text":"the","start":3612.49,"end":3612.57},{"text":"legitimate","start":3612.57,"end":3613.13},{"text":"right","start":3613.13,"end":3613.37},{"text":"of","start":3613.37,"end":3613.53},{"text":"all","start":3613.53,"end":3613.69},{"text":"states","start":3613.69,"end":3614.25},{"text":"to","start":3614.25,"end":3614.81},{"text":"use","start":3615.21,"end":3615.93},{"text":"outer","start":3615.93,"end":3616.17},{"text":"space","start":3616.17,"end":3616.81},{"text":"on","start":3617.05,"end":3617.17},{"text":"an","start":3617.17,"end":3617.37},{"text":"equal","start":3617.37,"end":3617.69},{"text":"footing","start":3617.69,"end":3618.09},{"text":"without","start":3618.09,"end":3618.49},{"text":"any","start":3618.49,"end":3618.73},{"text":"kind","start":3618.73,"end":3619.01},{"text":"of","start":3619.01,"end":3619.13},{"text":"discrimination","start":3619.13,"end":3620.01},{"text":"and","start":3620.01,"end":3620.13},{"text":"to","start":3620.13,"end":3620.21},{"text":"benefit","start":3620.21,"end":3620.73},{"text":"from","start":3620.73,"end":3621.13},{"text":"capacity","start":3621.13,"end":3621.69},{"text":"building","start":3621.69,"end":3622.09},{"text":"and","start":3622.09,"end":3622.29},{"text":"cooperation","start":3622.29,"end":3623.13},{"text":"and","start":3623.53,"end":3623.93},{"text":"the","start":3623.93,"end":3624.09},{"text":"relevant","start":3624.09,"end":3624.77},{"text":"transfer","start":3624.77,"end":3625.41},{"text":"of","start":3625.41,"end":3625.53},{"text":"technologies.","start":3625.53,"end":3626.49}]},{"text":"We have the moral duty to preserve outer space as the common heritage of humanity for present and future generations.","start":3627.05,"end":3635.13,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-space-use","label":"Peaceful Use of Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space is a global commons or common heritage of humankind and must be used exclusively for peaceful purposes. They linked this principle to non-appropriation, equal access, and the obligation to preserve space for the benefit of all states and future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3627.05,"end":3627.21},{"text":"have","start":3627.21,"end":3627.37},{"text":"the","start":3627.37,"end":3627.45},{"text":"moral","start":3627.45,"end":3627.77},{"text":"duty","start":3627.77,"end":3628.17},{"text":"to","start":3628.17,"end":3628.25},{"text":"preserve","start":3628.25,"end":3628.73},{"text":"outer","start":3628.73,"end":3628.89},{"text":"space","start":3628.89,"end":3629.37},{"text":"as","start":3629.37,"end":3629.69},{"text":"the","start":3629.69,"end":3629.81},{"text":"common","start":3629.85,"end":3630.17},{"text":"heritage","start":3630.17,"end":3630.73},{"text":"of","start":3630.73,"end":3631.13},{"text":"humanity","start":3631.45,"end":3632.57},{"text":"for","start":3632.89,"end":3633.17},{"text":"present","start":3633.17,"end":3633.77},{"text":"and","start":3633.77,"end":3633.97},{"text":"future","start":3633.97,"end":3634.29},{"text":"generations.","start":3634.29,"end":3635.13}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"CUB","affiliation_full":"Cuba","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":42,"start":3637.29,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c1/80/17?lang=en&t=3638","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the representative of Cuba for his statement.","start":3637.29,"end":3639.77,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":3637.29,"end":3637.33},{"text":"thank","start":3637.33,"end":3637.57},{"text":"the","start":3637.57,"end":3637.65},{"text":"representative","start":3637.65,"end":3638.41},{"text":"of","start":3638.41,"end":3638.53},{"text":"Cuba","start":3638.53,"end":3638.89},{"text":"for","start":3638.89,"end":3639.01},{"text":"his","start":3639.01,"end":3639.17},{"text":"statement.","start":3639.17,"end":3639.77}]},{"text":"Now the floor to distinguished representative of Thailand.","start":3640.17,"end":3643.93,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Now","start":3640.17,"end":3640.33},{"text":"the","start":3640.33,"end":3640.41},{"text":"floor","start":3640.41,"end":3640.73},{"text":"to","start":3640.73,"end":3640.97},{"text":"distinguished","start":3641.61,"end":3642.17},{"text":"representative","start":3642.17,"end":3642.97},{"text":"of","start":3643.05,"end":3643.29},{"text":"Thailand.","start":3643.29,"end":3643.93}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"1st Committee","affiliation_full":"1st Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":43,"start":3645.05,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c1/80/17?lang=en&t=3646","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Mr. Chair.","start":3645.05,"end":3645.93,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":3645.05,"end":3645.45},{"text":"Chair.","start":3645.45,"end":3645.93}]},{"text":"Thailand aligns itself with the statement of NAM and ASEAN.","start":3646.41,"end":3649.05,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thailand","start":3646.41,"end":3646.69},{"text":"aligns","start":3646.69,"end":3647.01},{"text":"itself","start":3647.01,"end":3647.25},{"text":"with","start":3647.25,"end":3647.37},{"text":"the","start":3647.37,"end":3647.45},{"text":"statement","start":3647.45,"end":3647.89},{"text":"of","start":3647.89,"end":3648.01},{"text":"NAM","start":3648.01,"end":3648.29},{"text":"and","start":3648.29,"end":3648.41},{"text":"ASEAN.","start":3648.41,"end":3649.05}]},{"text":"Thailand joins the call to prevent outer space from becoming a domain of conflict.","start":3649.45,"end":3653.37,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-space-use","label":"Peaceful Use of Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space is a global commons or common heritage of humankind and must be used exclusively for peaceful purposes. They linked this principle to non-appropriation, equal access, and the obligation to preserve space for the benefit of all states and future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"Thailand","start":3649.45,"end":3649.89},{"text":"joins","start":3649.89,"end":3650.13},{"text":"the","start":3650.13,"end":3650.25},{"text":"call","start":3650.25,"end":3650.49},{"text":"to","start":3650.49,"end":3650.65},{"text":"prevent","start":3650.65,"end":3651.01},{"text":"outer","start":3651.01,"end":3651.25},{"text":"space","start":3651.25,"end":3651.77},{"text":"from","start":3651.77,"end":3651.93},{"text":"becoming","start":3651.93,"end":3652.29},{"text":"a","start":3652.29,"end":3652.33},{"text":"domain","start":3652.33,"end":3652.69},{"text":"of","start":3652.69,"end":3652.81},{"text":"conflict.","start":3652.81,"end":3653.37}]},{"text":"The growing pace of space activity, rising geopolitical tensions, and emerging technologies demand renewed multilateral commitment in ensuring security and sustainability of outer space.","start":3653.85,"end":3664.49,"topics":[{"key":"space-debris-sustainability","label":"Space Debris and Sustainability","description":"The sustainability of the space environment was a recurring concern, especially the creation of debris through destructive anti-satellite tests or deliberate destruction of space systems. Speakers also referred to congestion, debris mitigation, debris removal, and the need to keep space activities safe and predictable over the long term."},{"key":"peaceful-space-use","label":"Peaceful Use of Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space is a global commons or common heritage of humankind and must be used exclusively for peaceful purposes. They linked this principle to non-appropriation, equal access, and the obligation to preserve space for the benefit of all states and future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":3653.85,"end":3653.97},{"text":"growing","start":3653.97,"end":3654.33},{"text":"pace","start":3654.33,"end":3654.57},{"text":"of","start":3654.57,"end":3654.65},{"text":"space","start":3654.65,"end":3655.05},{"text":"activity,","start":3655.05,"end":3655.85},{"text":"rising","start":3655.85,"end":3656.33},{"text":"geopolitical","start":3656.33,"end":3656.97},{"text":"tensions,","start":3656.97,"end":3657.69},{"text":"and","start":3657.69,"end":3657.89},{"text":"emerging","start":3657.89,"end":3658.25},{"text":"technologies","start":3658.25,"end":3659.05},{"text":"demand","start":3659.41,"end":3659.77},{"text":"renewed","start":3659.77,"end":3660.21},{"text":"multilateral","start":3660.21,"end":3660.81},{"text":"commitment","start":3660.81,"end":3661.41},{"text":"in","start":3661.41,"end":3661.53},{"text":"ensuring","start":3661.53,"end":3661.97},{"text":"security","start":3661.97,"end":3662.57},{"text":"and","start":3662.57,"end":3662.73},{"text":"sustainability","start":3662.73,"end":3663.53},{"text":"of","start":3663.53,"end":3663.61},{"text":"outer","start":3663.61,"end":3663.93},{"text":"space.","start":3663.93,"end":3664.49}]},{"text":"In this context, Thailand wishes to highlight three key points.","start":3664.93,"end":3668.17,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":3664.93,"end":3665.01},{"text":"this","start":3665.01,"end":3665.21},{"text":"context,","start":3665.21,"end":3665.97},{"text":"Thailand","start":3665.97,"end":3666.33},{"text":"wishes","start":3666.33,"end":3666.61},{"text":"to","start":3666.61,"end":3666.77},{"text":"highlight","start":3666.77,"end":3667.21},{"text":"three","start":3667.21,"end":3667.45},{"text":"key","start":3667.45,"end":3667.61},{"text":"points.","start":3667.61,"end":3668.17}]},{"text":"First, access to outer space is an inalienable right of all states.","start":3668.73,"end":3673.77,"topics":[{"key":"space-access-capacity","label":"Equitable Access and Capacity Building in Space","description":"Delegations repeatedly called for international cooperation, technology sharing, and capacity building so that developing countries, emerging space actors, and small states can benefit from peaceful space activities. This included support through COPUOS, UNOOSA, regional initiatives, and national space development programmes."}],"words":[{"text":"First,","start":3668.73,"end":3669.29},{"text":"access","start":3669.69,"end":3670.25},{"text":"to","start":3670.25,"end":3670.41},{"text":"outer","start":3670.41,"end":3670.69},{"text":"space","start":3670.69,"end":3671.21},{"text":"is","start":3671.21,"end":3671.45},{"text":"an","start":3671.45,"end":3671.69},{"text":"inalienable","start":3671.69,"end":3672.45},{"text":"right","start":3672.45,"end":3672.89},{"text":"of","start":3672.89,"end":3673.05},{"text":"all","start":3673.05,"end":3673.21},{"text":"states.","start":3673.21,"end":3673.77}]},{"text":"Outer space should be explored and utilized only for peaceful purposes and for the benefit of mankind, without exception or exclusion.","start":3674.33,"end":3682.77,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-space-use","label":"Peaceful Use of Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space is a global commons or common heritage of humankind and must be used exclusively for peaceful purposes. They linked this principle to non-appropriation, equal access, and the obligation to preserve space for the benefit of all states and future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"Outer","start":3674.33,"end":3674.53},{"text":"space","start":3674.53,"end":3675.05},{"text":"should","start":3675.05,"end":3675.25},{"text":"be","start":3675.25,"end":3675.37},{"text":"explored","start":3675.37,"end":3676.01},{"text":"and","start":3676.01,"end":3676.17},{"text":"utilized","start":3676.17,"end":3676.85},{"text":"only","start":3676.85,"end":3677.09},{"text":"for","start":3677.09,"end":3677.25},{"text":"peaceful","start":3677.25,"end":3677.65},{"text":"purposes","start":3677.65,"end":3678.37},{"text":"and","start":3678.69,"end":3678.85},{"text":"for","start":3678.85,"end":3679.01},{"text":"the","start":3679.01,"end":3679.09},{"text":"benefit","start":3679.09,"end":3679.53},{"text":"of","start":3679.53,"end":3679.73},{"text":"mankind,","start":3679.73,"end":3680.53},{"text":"without","start":3680.77,"end":3681.09},{"text":"exception","start":3681.09,"end":3681.81},{"text":"or","start":3681.81,"end":3681.97},{"text":"exclusion.","start":3681.97,"end":3682.77}]},{"text":"Thailand emphasized the importance of empowering developing countries through capacity building, technology transfer, and scientific collaboration to ensure that the benefits and opportunities of outer space are equally shared and safeguarded by all nations.","start":3683.17,"end":3698.53,"topics":[{"key":"space-access-capacity","label":"Equitable Access and Capacity Building in Space","description":"Delegations repeatedly called for international cooperation, technology sharing, and capacity building so that developing countries, emerging space actors, and small states can benefit from peaceful space activities. This included support through COPUOS, UNOOSA, regional initiatives, and national space development programmes."}],"words":[{"text":"Thailand","start":3683.17,"end":3683.53},{"text":"emphasized","start":3683.53,"end":3684.09},{"text":"the","start":3684.09,"end":3684.17},{"text":"importance","start":3684.17,"end":3684.85},{"text":"of","start":3684.85,"end":3684.97},{"text":"empowering","start":3684.97,"end":3685.49},{"text":"developing","start":3685.49,"end":3686.05},{"text":"countries","start":3686.05,"end":3686.69},{"text":"through","start":3687.01,"end":3687.17},{"text":"capacity","start":3687.17,"end":3687.73},{"text":"building,","start":3687.73,"end":3688.29},{"text":"technology","start":3688.53,"end":3689.17},{"text":"transfer,","start":3689.17,"end":3689.89},{"text":"and","start":3689.97,"end":3690.13},{"text":"scientific","start":3690.13,"end":3690.65},{"text":"collaboration","start":3690.65,"end":3691.57},{"text":"to","start":3691.89,"end":3692.01},{"text":"ensure","start":3692.01,"end":3692.37},{"text":"that","start":3692.37,"end":3692.49},{"text":"the","start":3692.49,"end":3692.61},{"text":"benefits","start":3692.61,"end":3693.13},{"text":"and","start":3693.13,"end":3693.29},{"text":"opportunities","start":3693.29,"end":3694.05},{"text":"of","start":3694.13,"end":3694.25},{"text":"outer","start":3694.25,"end":3694.41},{"text":"space","start":3694.41,"end":3694.93},{"text":"are","start":3695.01,"end":3695.13},{"text":"equally","start":3695.17,"end":3695.65},{"text":"shared","start":3695.65,"end":3696.13},{"text":"and","start":3696.53,"end":3696.93},{"text":"safeguarded","start":3696.93,"end":3697.49},{"text":"by","start":3697.49,"end":3697.65},{"text":"all","start":3697.65,"end":3697.81},{"text":"nations.","start":3697.81,"end":3698.53}]},{"text":"Second, Effective global governance of space security must be grounded in a mutually agreed and rule-based framework.","start":3699.09,"end":3706.57,"topics":[{"key":"space-behavior-norms","label":"Space Norms and Confidence-Building Measures","description":"Several statements emphasized norms, rules, principles of responsible behavior, transparency, and confidence-building measures as tools to reduce misunderstanding and escalation in space. Many delegations described these measures as practical steps that should complement, and in some cases help prepare, future legal instruments."}],"words":[{"text":"Second,","start":3699.09,"end":3699.45},{"text":"Effective","start":3700.29,"end":3700.85},{"text":"global","start":3700.85,"end":3701.21},{"text":"governance","start":3701.21,"end":3701.85},{"text":"of","start":3701.85,"end":3701.93},{"text":"space","start":3701.93,"end":3702.37},{"text":"security","start":3702.37,"end":3703.05},{"text":"must","start":3703.05,"end":3703.33},{"text":"be","start":3703.33,"end":3703.45},{"text":"grounded","start":3703.45,"end":3704.01},{"text":"in","start":3704.01,"end":3704.21},{"text":"a","start":3704.21,"end":3704.25},{"text":"mutually","start":3704.25,"end":3704.77},{"text":"agreed","start":3704.77,"end":3705.29},{"text":"and","start":3705.29,"end":3705.45},{"text":"rule-based","start":3705.45,"end":3705.93},{"text":"framework.","start":3705.93,"end":3706.57}]},{"text":"Thailand reaffirms its commitment to international law applicable in outer space, including the UN Charter and Outer Space Treaty.","start":3707.13,"end":3714.49,"topics":[{"key":"cyber-law-application","label":"International Law in Cyberspace","description":"Numerous delegations reaffirmed that international law applies to state conduct in cyberspace, including the UN Charter, international humanitarian law, human rights law, and the law of state responsibility. They called for deeper common understanding of how these rules apply to cyber operations, especially during armed conflict and incidents affecting critical infrastructure."}],"words":[{"text":"Thailand","start":3707.13,"end":3707.53},{"text":"reaffirms","start":3707.53,"end":3708.05},{"text":"its","start":3708.05,"end":3708.17},{"text":"commitment","start":3708.17,"end":3708.77},{"text":"to","start":3708.77,"end":3708.85},{"text":"international","start":3708.85,"end":3709.53},{"text":"law","start":3709.53,"end":3709.77},{"text":"applicable","start":3709.77,"end":3710.41},{"text":"in","start":3710.41,"end":3710.57},{"text":"outer","start":3710.57,"end":3710.81},{"text":"space,","start":3710.81,"end":3711.29},{"text":"including","start":3711.53,"end":3712.05},{"text":"the","start":3712.05,"end":3712.13},{"text":"UN","start":3712.13,"end":3712.41},{"text":"Charter","start":3712.41,"end":3713.05},{"text":"and","start":3713.21,"end":3713.37},{"text":"Outer","start":3713.37,"end":3713.61},{"text":"Space","start":3713.61,"end":3714.01},{"text":"Treaty.","start":3714.01,"end":3714.49}]},{"text":"To address the current legal and normative gaps in space governance, Thailand stresses the importance of the OEWG on PAROS as an open and inclusive framework for building upon previous consensus in the spirit of flexibility and cooperation.","start":3715.13,"end":3731.29,"topics":[{"key":"paros-legal-instrument","label":"Legally Binding PAROS Instrument","description":"A central topic was the call for negotiations on a legally binding, verifiable instrument to prevent an arms race in outer space. Speakers discussed banning the placement of weapons in space, prohibiting attacks on space objects, and using the Conference on Disarmament and the OEWG to advance treaty language."},{"key":"space-behavior-norms","label":"Space Norms and Confidence-Building Measures","description":"Several statements emphasized norms, rules, principles of responsible behavior, transparency, and confidence-building measures as tools to reduce misunderstanding and escalation in space. 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They linked this principle to non-appropriation, equal access, and the obligation to preserve space for the benefit of all states and future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"Its","start":3829.89,"end":3830.13},{"text":"provisions","start":3830.13,"end":3830.85},{"text":"clearly","start":3830.85,"end":3831.33},{"text":"prohibit","start":3831.33,"end":3832.01},{"text":"aggression,","start":3832.01,"end":3832.61},{"text":"the","start":3832.61,"end":3832.77},{"text":"threat","start":3832.77,"end":3833.17},{"text":"or","start":3833.17,"end":3833.33},{"text":"use","start":3833.33,"end":3833.57},{"text":"of","start":3833.57,"end":3833.73},{"text":"force,","start":3833.73,"end":3834.13},{"text":"violations","start":3834.13,"end":3834.93},{"text":"of","start":3834.93,"end":3835.01},{"text":"sovereignty,","start":3835.01,"end":3835.81},{"text":"and","start":3836.13,"end":3836.37},{"text":"harmful","start":3836.37,"end":3836.93},{"text":"interference,","start":3836.93,"end":3837.89},{"text":"making","start":3837.89,"end":3838.37},{"text":"a","start":3838.37,"end":3838.45},{"text":"state","start":3838.45,"end":3838.85},{"text":"fully","start":3838.85,"end":3839.13},{"text":"responsible","start":3839.13,"end":3839.81},{"text":"for","start":3839.81,"end":3839.97},{"text":"national","start":3839.97,"end":3840.61},{"text":"and","start":3840.61,"end":3840.81},{"text":"non-governmental","start":3840.81,"end":3841.65},{"text":"activities.","start":3841.65,"end":3842.29}]},{"text":"In this context, we strongly condemn the hostile and unlawful use of outer space technologies by the Israeli regime and its Western supporters during their aggression against Iran.","start":3843.25,"end":3854.93,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-space-use","label":"Peaceful Use of Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space is a global commons or common heritage of humankind and must be used exclusively for peaceful purposes. 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Speakers discussed banning the placement of weapons in space, prohibiting attacks on space objects, and using the Conference on Disarmament and the OEWG to advance treaty language."},{"key":"critical-infrastructure-protection","label":"Protection of Critical Civilian Infrastructure","description":"Many delegations highlighted that both satellites and digital networks underpin essential civilian services such as communications, navigation, aviation, weather forecasting, health, and disaster response. They warned that attacks on these systems, whether in space or cyberspace, would have serious humanitarian, economic, and security consequences."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":3857.21,"end":3857.41},{"text":"use","start":3857.45,"end":3857.77},{"text":"of","start":3857.77,"end":3857.93},{"text":"satellites","start":3857.93,"end":3858.49},{"text":"for","start":3858.49,"end":3858.73},{"text":"reconnaissance,","start":3858.73,"end":3859.45},{"text":"targeting,","start":3859.53,"end":3860.21},{"text":"and","start":3860.21,"end":3860.37},{"text":"cyber","start":3860.37,"end":3860.85},{"text":"operations","start":3860.85,"end":3861.41},{"text":"against","start":3861.41,"end":3861.81},{"text":"civilians","start":3861.81,"end":3862.33},{"text":"and","start":3862.33,"end":3862.49},{"text":"critical","start":3862.49,"end":3862.97},{"text":"facilities","start":3862.97,"end":3863.61},{"text":"presents","start":3864.01,"end":3864.61},{"text":"a","start":3864.61,"end":3864.65},{"text":"dangerous","start":3864.73,"end":3865.53},{"text":"escalation","start":3865.53,"end":3866.05},{"text":"in","start":3866.05,"end":3866.13},{"text":"the","start":3866.13,"end":3866.25},{"text":"weaponization","start":3866.25,"end":3867.05},{"text":"of","start":3867.05,"end":3867.29},{"text":"outer","start":3867.29,"end":3867.61},{"text":"space","start":3867.61,"end":3868.01},{"text":"and","start":3868.33,"end":3868.61},{"text":"a","start":3868.61,"end":3868.65},{"text":"blatant","start":3868.65,"end":3869.17},{"text":"violation","start":3869.17,"end":3869.77},{"text":"of","start":3870.09,"end":3870.33},{"text":"the","start":3870.33,"end":3870.45},{"text":"treaty,","start":3870.45,"end":3870.97},{"text":"which","start":3871.29,"end":3871.53},{"text":"must","start":3871.53,"end":3871.81},{"text":"serve","start":3871.81,"end":3872.09},{"text":"as","start":3872.09,"end":3872.41},{"text":"a","start":3872.41,"end":3872.49},{"text":"reminder","start":3872.49,"end":3873.21},{"text":"of","start":3873.61,"end":3873.77},{"text":"the","start":3873.77,"end":3873.89},{"text":"urgent","start":3873.89,"end":3874.37},{"text":"need","start":3874.37,"end":3874.53},{"text":"to","start":3874.53,"end":3874.65},{"text":"strengthen","start":3874.65,"end":3875.17},{"text":"international","start":3875.17,"end":3875.89},{"text":"legal","start":3875.89,"end":3876.25},{"text":"constraints.","start":3876.25,"end":3877.45}]},{"text":"The rapid expansion of commercial space companies has blurred the line between civilian and military applications, heightening the risk of weaponization.","start":3878.57,"end":3887.93,"topics":[{"key":"space-behavior-norms","label":"Space Norms and Confidence-Building Measures","description":"Several statements emphasized norms, rules, principles of responsible behavior, transparency, and confidence-building measures as tools to reduce misunderstanding and escalation in space. Many delegations described these measures as practical steps that should complement, and in some cases help prepare, future legal instruments."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":3878.57,"end":3878.77},{"text":"rapid","start":3878.77,"end":3879.13},{"text":"expansion","start":3879.13,"end":3879.77},{"text":"of","start":3879.77,"end":3879.85},{"text":"commercial","start":3879.85,"end":3880.49},{"text":"space","start":3880.49,"end":3880.81},{"text":"companies","start":3880.81,"end":3881.37},{"text":"has","start":3881.93,"end":3882.09},{"text":"blurred","start":3882.09,"end":3882.49},{"text":"the","start":3882.49,"end":3882.57},{"text":"line","start":3882.57,"end":3882.89},{"text":"between","start":3882.89,"end":3883.29},{"text":"civilian","start":3883.29,"end":3883.77},{"text":"and","start":3883.77,"end":3883.93},{"text":"military","start":3883.93,"end":3884.41},{"text":"applications,","start":3884.41,"end":3885.21},{"text":"heightening","start":3885.45,"end":3886.33},{"text":"the","start":3886.33,"end":3886.45},{"text":"risk","start":3886.45,"end":3886.81},{"text":"of","start":3886.81,"end":3886.97},{"text":"weaponization.","start":3886.97,"end":3887.93}]},{"text":"State parties must ensure the non-governmental activities under their jurisdiction strictly conform to the treaty through authorization, supervision, and full accountability.","start":3888.01,"end":3898.73,"topics":[{"key":"paros-legal-instrument","label":"Legally Binding PAROS Instrument","description":"A central topic was the call for negotiations on a legally binding, verifiable instrument to prevent an arms race in outer space. Speakers discussed banning the placement of weapons in space, prohibiting attacks on space objects, and using the Conference on Disarmament and the OEWG to advance treaty language."}],"words":[{"text":"State","start":3888.01,"end":3888.41},{"text":"parties","start":3888.41,"end":3889.13},{"text":"must","start":3889.21,"end":3889.53},{"text":"ensure","start":3889.53,"end":3890.01},{"text":"the","start":3890.01,"end":3890.13},{"text":"non-governmental","start":3890.13,"end":3890.97},{"text":"activities","start":3890.97,"end":3891.53},{"text":"under","start":3891.53,"end":3891.93},{"text":"their","start":3891.93,"end":3892.09},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":3892.09,"end":3892.81},{"text":"strictly","start":3892.81,"end":3893.37},{"text":"conform","start":3893.37,"end":3893.93},{"text":"to","start":3893.93,"end":3894.53},{"text":"the","start":3894.53,"end":3894.65},{"text":"treaty","start":3894.65,"end":3895.21},{"text":"through","start":3895.57,"end":3895.77},{"text":"authorization,","start":3895.77,"end":3896.57},{"text":"supervision,","start":3896.57,"end":3897.37},{"text":"and","start":3897.37,"end":3897.61},{"text":"full","start":3897.61,"end":3897.85},{"text":"accountability.","start":3897.85,"end":3898.73}]},{"text":"Robust oversight is essential to prevent private actors from contributing to military escalation.","start":3899.21,"end":3906.09,"topics":[{"key":"space-behavior-norms","label":"Space Norms and Confidence-Building Measures","description":"Several statements emphasized norms, rules, principles of responsible behavior, transparency, and confidence-building measures as tools to reduce misunderstanding and escalation in space. 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They linked this principle to non-appropriation, equal access, and the obligation to preserve space for the benefit of all states and future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"Doctrines","start":3906.85,"end":3907.33},{"text":"that","start":3907.33,"end":3907.61},{"text":"treat","start":3907.61,"end":3907.89},{"text":"outer","start":3907.89,"end":3908.21},{"text":"space","start":3908.21,"end":3908.61},{"text":"as","start":3908.77,"end":3909.17},{"text":"a","start":3909.17,"end":3909.21},{"text":"war","start":3909.21,"end":3910.13},{"text":"fighting","start":3910.29,"end":3910.69},{"text":"domain,","start":3910.69,"end":3911.17},{"text":"particularly","start":3911.17,"end":3911.85},{"text":"by","start":3911.85,"end":3912.01},{"text":"the","start":3912.01,"end":3912.09},{"text":"United","start":3912.09,"end":3912.53},{"text":"States,","start":3912.53,"end":3912.93},{"text":"are","start":3913.25,"end":3913.41},{"text":"deeply","start":3913.41,"end":3913.89},{"text":"alarming.","start":3913.89,"end":3914.45}]},{"text":"Existing treaties provide a foundation, but fail to prohibit the placement of weapons or the use of force in or from outer space.","start":3914.85,"end":3924.85,"topics":[{"key":"paros-legal-instrument","label":"Legally Binding PAROS Instrument","description":"A central topic was the call for negotiations on a legally binding, verifiable instrument to prevent an arms race in outer space. Speakers discussed banning the placement of weapons in space, prohibiting attacks on space objects, and using the Conference on Disarmament and the OEWG to advance treaty language."}],"words":[{"text":"Existing","start":3914.85,"end":3915.49},{"text":"treaties","start":3915.49,"end":3915.89},{"text":"provide","start":3915.89,"end":3916.37},{"text":"a","start":3916.37,"end":3916.45},{"text":"foundation,","start":3916.45,"end":3917.09},{"text":"but","start":3917.09,"end":3917.41},{"text":"fail","start":3917.41,"end":3917.69},{"text":"to","start":3917.69,"end":3917.89},{"text":"prohibit","start":3917.89,"end":3918.37},{"text":"the","start":3918.37,"end":3918.45},{"text":"placement","start":3918.45,"end":3919.09},{"text":"of","start":3919.65,"end":3919.89},{"text":"weapons","start":3919.89,"end":3920.45},{"text":"or","start":3921.01,"end":3921.33},{"text":"the","start":3921.33,"end":3921.49},{"text":"use","start":3921.49,"end":3921.73},{"text":"of","start":3921.73,"end":3921.89},{"text":"force","start":3921.89,"end":3922.29},{"text":"in","start":3922.69,"end":3923.49},{"text":"or","start":3923.49,"end":3923.73},{"text":"from","start":3923.73,"end":3924.13},{"text":"outer","start":3924.13,"end":3924.45},{"text":"space.","start":3924.45,"end":3924.85}]},{"text":"This gap highlights the urgent need for a comprehensive, legally binding instrument that builds upon the draft treaty on the prevention of the placement of weapons in outer space proposed by Russia and China.","start":3925.01,"end":3938.77,"topics":[{"key":"paros-legal-instrument","label":"Legally Binding PAROS Instrument","description":"A central topic was the call for negotiations on a legally binding, verifiable instrument to prevent an arms race in outer space. Speakers discussed banning the placement of weapons in space, prohibiting attacks on space objects, and using the Conference on Disarmament and the OEWG to advance treaty language."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":3925.01,"end":3925.33},{"text":"gap","start":3925.33,"end":3925.65},{"text":"highlights","start":3925.65,"end":3926.21},{"text":"the","start":3926.45,"end":3926.53},{"text":"urgent","start":3926.73,"end":3927.25},{"text":"need","start":3927.25,"end":3927.49},{"text":"for","start":3927.49,"end":3927.77},{"text":"a","start":3927.77,"end":3927.81},{"text":"comprehensive,","start":3927.81,"end":3928.57},{"text":"legally","start":3928.57,"end":3929.05},{"text":"binding","start":3929.05,"end":3929.45},{"text":"instrument","start":3929.45,"end":3930.09},{"text":"that","start":3930.09,"end":3930.37},{"text":"builds","start":3930.37,"end":3930.69},{"text":"upon","start":3930.69,"end":3931.01},{"text":"the","start":3931.01,"end":3931.13},{"text":"draft","start":3931.13,"end":3931.85},{"text":"treaty","start":3931.85,"end":3932.37},{"text":"on","start":3932.61,"end":3932.77},{"text":"the","start":3932.77,"end":3932.89},{"text":"prevention","start":3932.89,"end":3933.65},{"text":"of","start":3934.21,"end":3934.37},{"text":"the","start":3934.61,"end":3934.85},{"text":"placement","start":3934.85,"end":3935.57},{"text":"of","start":3935.57,"end":3935.73},{"text":"weapons","start":3935.73,"end":3936.09},{"text":"in","start":3936.09,"end":3936.29},{"text":"outer","start":3936.29,"end":3936.61},{"text":"space","start":3936.61,"end":3936.97},{"text":"proposed","start":3936.97,"end":3937.49},{"text":"by","start":3937.49,"end":3937.57},{"text":"Russia","start":3937.57,"end":3938.17},{"text":"and","start":3938.17,"end":3938.29},{"text":"China.","start":3938.29,"end":3938.77}]},{"text":"We reaffirm all states' inalienable right to explore and use outer space for peaceful purposes without unjustified restriction or unilateral sanctions.","start":3939.57,"end":3948.53,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-space-use","label":"Peaceful Use of Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space is a global commons or common heritage of humankind and must be used exclusively for peaceful purposes. They linked this principle to non-appropriation, equal access, and the obligation to preserve space for the benefit of all states and future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3939.57,"end":3939.77},{"text":"reaffirm","start":3939.77,"end":3940.29},{"text":"all","start":3940.29,"end":3940.53},{"text":"states'","start":3940.53,"end":3940.93},{"text":"inalienable","start":3940.93,"end":3941.57},{"text":"right","start":3941.57,"end":3941.85},{"text":"to","start":3941.85,"end":3941.97},{"text":"explore","start":3941.97,"end":3942.45},{"text":"and","start":3942.45,"end":3942.61},{"text":"use","start":3942.61,"end":3942.81},{"text":"outer","start":3942.85,"end":3943.17},{"text":"space","start":3943.17,"end":3943.49},{"text":"for","start":3943.49,"end":3943.73},{"text":"peaceful","start":3943.73,"end":3944.13},{"text":"purposes","start":3944.13,"end":3944.77},{"text":"without","start":3944.77,"end":3945.25},{"text":"unjustified","start":3945.25,"end":3945.97},{"text":"restriction","start":3945.97,"end":3946.69},{"text":"or","start":3946.69,"end":3947.01},{"text":"unilateral","start":3947.25,"end":3947.97},{"text":"sanctions.","start":3947.97,"end":3948.53}]},{"text":"Discriminatory means and technologies, monopolies, contradict the principle of international cooperation.","start":3949.01,"end":3955.49,"topics":[{"key":"space-access-capacity","label":"Equitable Access and Capacity Building in Space","description":"Delegations repeatedly called for international cooperation, technology sharing, and capacity building so that developing countries, emerging space actors, and small states can benefit from peaceful space activities. This included support through COPUOS, UNOOSA, regional initiatives, and national space development programmes."}],"words":[{"text":"Discriminatory","start":3949.01,"end":3949.85},{"text":"means","start":3949.85,"end":3950.29},{"text":"and","start":3951.25,"end":3951.45},{"text":"technologies,","start":3951.45,"end":3952.21},{"text":"monopolies,","start":3952.21,"end":3952.85},{"text":"contradict","start":3952.85,"end":3953.49},{"text":"the","start":3953.49,"end":3953.57},{"text":"principle","start":3953.57,"end":3954.13},{"text":"of","start":3954.13,"end":3954.21},{"text":"international","start":3954.21,"end":3954.85},{"text":"cooperation.","start":3954.85,"end":3955.49}]},{"text":"The open-ended working group established by resolution 79/512 must play a central role in developing the substantive elements of a legally binding instrument on Paris.","start":3955.81,"end":3967.21,"topics":[{"key":"paros-legal-instrument","label":"Legally Binding PAROS Instrument","description":"A central topic was the call for negotiations on a legally binding, verifiable instrument to prevent an arms race in outer space. 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Many delegations described these measures as practical steps that should complement, and in some cases help prepare, future legal instruments."}],"words":[{"text":"Space","start":3995.29,"end":3995.69},{"text":"should","start":3995.69,"end":3995.89},{"text":"be","start":3995.89,"end":3996.01},{"text":"maintained","start":3996.29,"end":3996.89},{"text":"as","start":3996.89,"end":3997.05},{"text":"a","start":3997.05,"end":3997.13},{"text":"peaceful,","start":3997.13,"end":3997.69},{"text":"safe,","start":3997.69,"end":3998.25},{"text":"stable,","start":3998.49,"end":3999.13},{"text":"secure","start":3999.13,"end":3999.85},{"text":"and","start":3999.85,"end":3999.97},{"text":"sustainable","start":3999.97,"end":4000.49},{"text":"environment","start":4000.49,"end":4001.13},{"text":"for","start":4001.13,"end":4001.25},{"text":"the","start":4001.25,"end":4001.37},{"text":"benefit","start":4001.37,"end":4002.01},{"text":"of","start":4002.29,"end":4002.41},{"text":"all.","start":4002.45,"end":4002.81}]},{"text":"Full compliance with the Outer Space Treaty remains as important as ever, not least its obligation not to place in orbit any objects carrying nuclear weapons or any other.","start":4003.49,"end":4013.61,"topics":[{"key":"paros-legal-instrument","label":"Legally Binding PAROS Instrument","description":"A central topic was the call for negotiations on a legally binding, verifiable instrument to prevent an arms race in outer space. 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Many delegations described these measures as practical steps that should complement, and in some cases help prepare, future legal instruments."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":4044.25,"end":4044.49},{"text":"approach","start":4044.49,"end":4044.97},{"text":"continues","start":4044.97,"end":4045.41},{"text":"to","start":4045.41,"end":4045.49},{"text":"offer","start":4045.49,"end":4045.73},{"text":"a","start":4045.73,"end":4045.77},{"text":"way","start":4045.77,"end":4046.17},{"text":"forward","start":4046.17,"end":4046.73},{"text":"towards","start":4046.73,"end":4047.17},{"text":"a","start":4047.17,"end":4047.21},{"text":"legally","start":4047.21,"end":4047.53},{"text":"binding","start":4047.53,"end":4047.85},{"text":"instrument,","start":4047.85,"end":4048.49},{"text":"towards","start":4048.57,"end":4048.85},{"text":"political","start":4048.85,"end":4049.21},{"text":"commitments,","start":4049.21,"end":4049.93},{"text":"or","start":4049.93,"end":4050.13},{"text":"both.","start":4050.13,"end":4050.57}]},{"text":"We recognize the important and growing interests of non-governmental actors with regard to space activities.","start":4051.57,"end":4057.49,"topics":[{"key":"space-access-capacity","label":"Equitable Access and Capacity Building in Space","description":"Delegations repeatedly called for international cooperation, technology sharing, and capacity building so that developing countries, emerging space actors, and small states can benefit from peaceful space activities. This included support through COPUOS, UNOOSA, regional initiatives, and national space development programmes."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4051.57,"end":4051.73},{"text":"recognize","start":4051.73,"end":4052.37},{"text":"the","start":4052.37,"end":4052.45},{"text":"important","start":4052.45,"end":4053.17},{"text":"and","start":4053.21,"end":4053.33},{"text":"growing","start":4053.33,"end":4053.73},{"text":"interests","start":4053.73,"end":4054.21},{"text":"of","start":4054.21,"end":4054.37},{"text":"non-governmental","start":4054.37,"end":4055.17},{"text":"actors","start":4055.17,"end":4055.73},{"text":"with","start":4055.73,"end":4055.89},{"text":"regard","start":4055.89,"end":4056.25},{"text":"to","start":4056.25,"end":4056.33},{"text":"space","start":4056.33,"end":4056.69},{"text":"activities.","start":4056.69,"end":4057.49}]},{"text":"A multi-stakeholder approach must be maintained to secure their input.","start":4058.05,"end":4062.13,"topics":[{"key":"space-access-capacity","label":"Equitable Access and Capacity Building in Space","description":"Delegations repeatedly called for international cooperation, technology sharing, and capacity building so that developing countries, emerging space actors, and small states can benefit from peaceful space activities. This included support through COPUOS, UNOOSA, regional initiatives, and national space development programmes."}],"words":[{"text":"A","start":4058.05,"end":4058.09},{"text":"multi-stakeholder","start":4058.09,"end":4059.01},{"text":"approach","start":4059.01,"end":4059.49},{"text":"must","start":4059.49,"end":4059.77},{"text":"be","start":4059.77,"end":4059.89},{"text":"maintained","start":4059.89,"end":4060.53},{"text":"to","start":4060.61,"end":4060.73},{"text":"secure","start":4060.73,"end":4061.25},{"text":"their","start":4061.33,"end":4061.57},{"text":"input.","start":4061.57,"end":4062.13}]},{"text":"We all agree that the UN Charter applies to the conduct of states in outer space.","start":4063.09,"end":4067.73,"topics":[{"key":"cyber-law-application","label":"International Law in Cyberspace","description":"Numerous delegations reaffirmed that international law applies to state conduct in cyberspace, including the UN Charter, international humanitarian law, human rights law, and the law of state responsibility. They called for deeper common understanding of how these rules apply to cyber operations, especially during armed conflict and incidents affecting critical infrastructure."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4063.09,"end":4063.33},{"text":"all","start":4063.33,"end":4063.45},{"text":"agree","start":4063.45,"end":4063.89},{"text":"that","start":4064.05,"end":4064.21},{"text":"the","start":4064.21,"end":4064.29},{"text":"UN","start":4064.29,"end":4064.61},{"text":"Charter","start":4064.61,"end":4065.13},{"text":"applies","start":4065.13,"end":4065.45},{"text":"to","start":4065.45,"end":4065.53},{"text":"the","start":4065.53,"end":4065.61},{"text":"conduct","start":4065.61,"end":4066.13},{"text":"of","start":4066.13,"end":4066.21},{"text":"states","start":4066.21,"end":4066.77},{"text":"in","start":4066.77,"end":4066.93},{"text":"outer","start":4066.93,"end":4067.17},{"text":"space.","start":4067.17,"end":4067.73}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"So too does international humanitarian law.","start":4068.13,"end":4070.45,"topics":[{"key":"cyber-law-application","label":"International Law in Cyberspace","description":"Numerous delegations reaffirmed that international law applies to state conduct in cyberspace, including the UN Charter, international humanitarian law, human rights law, and the law of state responsibility. They called for deeper common understanding of how these rules apply to cyber operations, especially during armed conflict and incidents affecting critical infrastructure."}],"words":[{"text":"So","start":4068.13,"end":4068.45},{"text":"too","start":4068.45,"end":4068.77},{"text":"does","start":4068.77,"end":4069.05},{"text":"international","start":4069.05,"end":4069.53},{"text":"humanitarian","start":4069.53,"end":4070.21},{"text":"law.","start":4070.21,"end":4070.45}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"Recognizing this does not legitimize the use of force in outer space.","start":4070.89,"end":4074.25,"topics":[{"key":"cyber-law-application","label":"International Law in Cyberspace","description":"Numerous delegations reaffirmed that international law applies to state conduct in cyberspace, including the UN Charter, international humanitarian law, human rights law, and the law of state responsibility. They called for deeper common understanding of how these rules apply to cyber operations, especially during armed conflict and incidents affecting critical infrastructure."},{"key":"military-ai-governance","label":"Artificial Intelligence in the Military Domain","description":"The military use of artificial intelligence emerged as a distinct issue, with speakers discussing both its possible benefits and its risks for international peace and security. Delegations debated the need for responsible, lawful, and ethical use of AI, human oversight, and whether the UN should play a stronger role in shaping norms and future governance."}],"words":[{"text":"Recognizing","start":4070.89,"end":4071.45},{"text":"this","start":4071.45,"end":4071.69},{"text":"does","start":4071.69,"end":4071.81},{"text":"not","start":4071.81,"end":4071.97},{"text":"legitimize","start":4071.97,"end":4072.65},{"text":"the","start":4072.65,"end":4072.73},{"text":"use","start":4072.73,"end":4072.93},{"text":"of","start":4072.93,"end":4073.05},{"text":"force","start":4073.05,"end":4073.29},{"text":"in","start":4073.29,"end":4073.41},{"text":"outer","start":4073.41,"end":4073.61},{"text":"space.","start":4073.61,"end":4074.25}]},{"text":"The applicability of humanitarian law does not diminish the obligation of states to refrain from the threat or use of force, whether in space or on Earth.","start":4074.25,"end":4082.49,"topics":[{"key":"cyber-law-application","label":"International Law in Cyberspace","description":"Numerous delegations reaffirmed that international law applies to state conduct in cyberspace, including the UN Charter, international humanitarian law, human rights law, and the law of state responsibility. They called for deeper common understanding of how these rules apply to cyber operations, especially during armed conflict and incidents affecting critical infrastructure."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":4074.25,"end":4074.37},{"text":"applicability","start":4074.37,"end":4074.97},{"text":"of","start":4074.97,"end":4075.05},{"text":"humanitarian","start":4075.05,"end":4075.69},{"text":"law","start":4075.69,"end":4075.81},{"text":"does","start":4075.81,"end":4075.93},{"text":"not","start":4075.93,"end":4076.13},{"text":"diminish","start":4076.13,"end":4076.65},{"text":"the","start":4076.65,"end":4076.77},{"text":"obligation","start":4076.77,"end":4077.33},{"text":"of","start":4077.33,"end":4077.41},{"text":"states","start":4077.41,"end":4077.85},{"text":"to","start":4077.85,"end":4078.01},{"text":"refrain","start":4078.01,"end":4078.41},{"text":"from","start":4078.41,"end":4078.57},{"text":"the","start":4078.57,"end":4078.65},{"text":"threat","start":4078.65,"end":4078.97},{"text":"or","start":4078.97,"end":4079.05},{"text":"use","start":4079.05,"end":4079.33},{"text":"of","start":4079.33,"end":4079.45},{"text":"force,","start":4079.45,"end":4079.85},{"text":"whether","start":4080.45,"end":4080.85},{"text":"in","start":4080.85,"end":4080.97},{"text":"space","start":4080.97,"end":4081.53},{"text":"or","start":4081.61,"end":4081.93},{"text":"on","start":4081.93,"end":4082.09},{"text":"Earth.","start":4082.13,"end":4082.49}]},{"text":"The Hague Code of Conduct against Ballistic Missile Proliferation is an important transparency and confidence-building measure.","start":4083.77,"end":4089.89,"topics":[{"key":"space-behavior-norms","label":"Space Norms and Confidence-Building Measures","description":"Several statements emphasized norms, rules, principles of responsible behavior, transparency, and confidence-building measures as tools to reduce misunderstanding and escalation in space. Many delegations described these measures as practical steps that should complement, and in some cases help prepare, future legal instruments."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":4083.77,"end":4083.85},{"text":"Hague","start":4083.85,"end":4084.09},{"text":"Code","start":4084.09,"end":4084.49},{"text":"of","start":4084.49,"end":4084.57},{"text":"Conduct","start":4084.57,"end":4085.05},{"text":"against","start":4085.05,"end":4085.33},{"text":"Ballistic","start":4085.33,"end":4085.77},{"text":"Missile","start":4085.77,"end":4086.01},{"text":"Proliferation","start":4086.01,"end":4086.89},{"text":"is","start":4086.97,"end":4087.13},{"text":"an","start":4087.13,"end":4087.21},{"text":"important","start":4087.21,"end":4087.69},{"text":"transparency","start":4087.69,"end":4088.49},{"text":"and","start":4088.49,"end":4088.69},{"text":"confidence-building","start":4088.69,"end":4089.45},{"text":"measure.","start":4089.45,"end":4089.89}]},{"text":"We call on states to subscribe and implement its provisions, including pre-launch notifications.","start":4090.17,"end":4096.25,"topics":[{"key":"space-behavior-norms","label":"Space Norms and Confidence-Building Measures","description":"Several statements emphasized norms, rules, principles of responsible behavior, transparency, and confidence-building measures as tools to reduce misunderstanding and escalation in space. Many delegations described these measures as practical steps that should complement, and in some cases help prepare, future legal instruments."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4090.17,"end":4090.41},{"text":"call","start":4090.41,"end":4090.65},{"text":"on","start":4090.65,"end":4090.73},{"text":"states","start":4090.73,"end":4091.21},{"text":"to","start":4091.21,"end":4091.41},{"text":"subscribe","start":4091.41,"end":4092.01},{"text":"and","start":4092.01,"end":4092.17},{"text":"implement","start":4092.17,"end":4092.61},{"text":"its","start":4092.61,"end":4092.73},{"text":"provisions,","start":4092.73,"end":4093.45},{"text":"including","start":4093.77,"end":4094.33},{"text":"pre-launch","start":4094.49,"end":4095.05},{"text":"notifications.","start":4095.21,"end":4096.25}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"As space activity continues to grow, we appear bound.","start":4097.05,"end":4100.49,"topics":[{"key":"space-behavior-norms","label":"Space Norms and Confidence-Building Measures","description":"Several statements emphasized norms, rules, principles of responsible behavior, transparency, and confidence-building measures as tools to reduce misunderstanding and escalation in space. Many delegations described these measures as practical steps that should complement, and in some cases help prepare, future legal instruments."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":4097.05,"end":4097.13},{"text":"space","start":4097.13,"end":4097.49},{"text":"activity","start":4097.49,"end":4097.93},{"text":"continues","start":4097.93,"end":4098.37},{"text":"to","start":4098.37,"end":4098.49},{"text":"grow,","start":4098.49,"end":4098.89},{"text":"we","start":4099.29,"end":4099.61},{"text":"appear","start":4099.61,"end":4099.93},{"text":"bound.","start":4099.93,"end":4100.49}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"At times to find ourselves in situations that could increase the risk of conflict related to outer space.","start":4100.89,"end":4107.37,"topics":[{"key":"space-behavior-norms","label":"Space Norms and Confidence-Building Measures","description":"Several statements emphasized norms, rules, principles of responsible behavior, transparency, and confidence-building measures as tools to reduce misunderstanding and escalation in space. Many delegations described these measures as practical steps that should complement, and in some cases help prepare, future legal instruments."}],"words":[{"text":"At","start":4100.89,"end":4101.25},{"text":"times","start":4101.25,"end":4101.69},{"text":"to","start":4101.69,"end":4101.89},{"text":"find","start":4101.89,"end":4102.25},{"text":"ourselves","start":4102.25,"end":4102.81},{"text":"in","start":4102.97,"end":4103.13},{"text":"situations","start":4103.13,"end":4103.93},{"text":"that","start":4103.93,"end":4104.05},{"text":"could","start":4104.05,"end":4104.25},{"text":"increase","start":4104.25,"end":4104.73},{"text":"the","start":4104.73,"end":4104.81},{"text":"risk","start":4104.81,"end":4105.09},{"text":"of","start":4105.09,"end":4105.17},{"text":"conflict","start":4105.17,"end":4105.85},{"text":"related","start":4105.85,"end":4106.37},{"text":"to","start":4106.37,"end":4106.49},{"text":"outer","start":4106.49,"end":4106.73},{"text":"space.","start":4106.73,"end":4107.37}]},{"text":"Therefore, we should seize the opportunity in this forum and in others to work together on keeping these risks as small as possible.","start":4108.25,"end":4116.57,"topics":[{"key":"space-behavior-norms","label":"Space Norms and Confidence-Building Measures","description":"Several statements emphasized norms, rules, principles of responsible behavior, transparency, and confidence-building measures as tools to reduce misunderstanding and escalation in space. Many delegations described these measures as practical steps that should complement, and in some cases help prepare, future legal instruments."}],"words":[{"text":"Therefore,","start":4108.25,"end":4108.73},{"text":"we","start":4109.13,"end":4109.29},{"text":"should","start":4109.29,"end":4109.45},{"text":"seize","start":4109.45,"end":4109.85},{"text":"the","start":4109.89,"end":4109.97},{"text":"opportunity","start":4109.97,"end":4110.73},{"text":"in","start":4110.97,"end":4111.13},{"text":"this","start":4111.13,"end":4111.37},{"text":"forum","start":4111.37,"end":4111.77},{"text":"and","start":4111.85,"end":4112.09},{"text":"in","start":4112.09,"end":4112.25},{"text":"others","start":4112.25,"end":4112.65},{"text":"to","start":4113.13,"end":4113.25},{"text":"work","start":4113.25,"end":4113.53},{"text":"together","start":4113.53,"end":4114.09},{"text":"on","start":4114.13,"end":4114.25},{"text":"keeping","start":4114.25,"end":4114.65},{"text":"these","start":4114.65,"end":4114.89},{"text":"risks","start":4114.89,"end":4115.29},{"text":"as","start":4115.53,"end":4115.61},{"text":"small","start":4115.61,"end":4115.97},{"text":"as","start":4115.97,"end":4116.09},{"text":"possible.","start":4116.09,"end":4116.57}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you.","start":4116.89,"end":4117.29,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":4116.89,"end":4117.13},{"text":"you.","start":4117.13,"end":4117.29}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"NOR","affiliation_full":"Norway","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":48,"start":4120.01,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c1/80/17?lang=en&t=4121","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the representative of Norway for his statement.","start":4120.01,"end":4123.09,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":4120.01,"end":4120.05},{"text":"thank","start":4120.05,"end":4120.21},{"text":"the","start":4120.21,"end":4120.29},{"text":"representative","start":4120.29,"end":4120.89},{"text":"of","start":4121.05,"end":4121.13},{"text":"Norway","start":4121.29,"end":4121.93},{"text":"for","start":4121.93,"end":4122.17},{"text":"his","start":4122.17,"end":4122.41},{"text":"statement.","start":4122.41,"end":4123.09}]},{"text":"I give now the floor to the distinguished representative of Equatorial Guinea.","start":4123.09,"end":4127.61,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":4123.09,"end":4123.13},{"text":"give","start":4123.13,"end":4123.29},{"text":"now","start":4123.29,"end":4123.45},{"text":"the","start":4123.45,"end":4123.53},{"text":"floor","start":4123.53,"end":4123.77},{"text":"to","start":4123.77,"end":4123.89},{"text":"the","start":4123.93,"end":4124.05},{"text":"distinguished","start":4124.05,"end":4124.57},{"text":"representative","start":4124.57,"end":4125.37},{"text":"of","start":4125.49,"end":4125.77},{"text":"Equatorial","start":4126.49,"end":4127.05},{"text":"Guinea.","start":4127.21,"end":4127.61}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"1st Committee","affiliation_full":"1st Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":49,"start":4131.89,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c1/80/17?lang=en&t=4132","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Senhor Presidente, Chairman, we align ourselves with the statements delivered on behalf of the African Group and the NAM.","start":4131.89,"end":4142.69,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Senhor","start":4131.89,"end":4132.17},{"text":"Presidente,","start":4132.17,"end":4132.77},{"text":"Chairman,","start":4135.17,"end":4135.73},{"text":"we","start":4137.41,"end":4137.61},{"text":"align","start":4137.61,"end":4137.89},{"text":"ourselves","start":4137.89,"end":4138.29},{"text":"with","start":4138.29,"end":4138.45},{"text":"the","start":4138.45,"end":4138.53},{"text":"statements","start":4138.53,"end":4139.09},{"text":"delivered","start":4139.09,"end":4139.49},{"text":"on","start":4139.49,"end":4139.57},{"text":"behalf","start":4139.57,"end":4139.85},{"text":"of","start":4139.85,"end":4139.97},{"text":"the","start":4139.97,"end":4140.09},{"text":"African","start":4140.09,"end":4140.53},{"text":"Group","start":4140.53,"end":4140.93},{"text":"and","start":4141.49,"end":4142.05},{"text":"the","start":4142.05,"end":4142.21},{"text":"NAM.","start":4142.21,"end":4142.69}]},{"text":"In our national capacity, we'd like to say the following: Outer space is common heritage of all humanity.","start":4145.25,"end":4152.37,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-space-use","label":"Peaceful Use of Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space is a global commons or common heritage of humankind and must be used exclusively for peaceful purposes. They linked this principle to non-appropriation, equal access, and the obligation to preserve space for the benefit of all states and future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":4145.25,"end":4145.41},{"text":"our","start":4145.41,"end":4145.49},{"text":"national","start":4145.49,"end":4145.77},{"text":"capacity,","start":4145.77,"end":4146.29},{"text":"we'd","start":4146.29,"end":4146.53},{"text":"like","start":4146.53,"end":4146.65},{"text":"to","start":4146.65,"end":4146.73},{"text":"say","start":4146.73,"end":4146.85},{"text":"the","start":4146.85,"end":4146.97},{"text":"following:","start":4146.97,"end":4147.49},{"text":"Outer","start":4148.69,"end":4148.93},{"text":"space","start":4148.93,"end":4149.57},{"text":"is","start":4149.57,"end":4149.89},{"text":"common","start":4149.89,"end":4150.29},{"text":"heritage","start":4150.29,"end":4150.93},{"text":"of","start":4150.93,"end":4151.25},{"text":"all","start":4151.25,"end":4151.65},{"text":"humanity.","start":4151.65,"end":4152.37}]},{"text":"It does not belong to any one nation, and its use should be carried out with solely peaceful purposes and for the benefit of all.","start":4152.77,"end":4160.81,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-space-use","label":"Peaceful Use of Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space is a global commons or common heritage of humankind and must be used exclusively for peaceful purposes. They linked this principle to non-appropriation, equal access, and the obligation to preserve space for the benefit of all states and future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":4152.77,"end":4152.93},{"text":"does","start":4152.93,"end":4153.09},{"text":"not","start":4153.09,"end":4153.25},{"text":"belong","start":4153.25,"end":4153.65},{"text":"to","start":4153.65,"end":4153.81},{"text":"any","start":4153.81,"end":4154.05},{"text":"one","start":4154.05,"end":4154.41},{"text":"nation,","start":4154.41,"end":4155.01},{"text":"and","start":4155.01,"end":4155.33},{"text":"its","start":4155.33,"end":4155.57},{"text":"use","start":4155.57,"end":4155.89},{"text":"should","start":4155.89,"end":4156.13},{"text":"be","start":4156.13,"end":4156.53},{"text":"carried","start":4156.69,"end":4157.17},{"text":"out","start":4157.17,"end":4157.41},{"text":"with","start":4157.93,"end":4158.09},{"text":"solely","start":4158.09,"end":4158.57},{"text":"peaceful","start":4158.57,"end":4158.97},{"text":"purposes","start":4158.97,"end":4159.53},{"text":"and","start":4159.53,"end":4159.69},{"text":"for","start":4159.69,"end":4159.85},{"text":"the","start":4159.85,"end":4159.93},{"text":"benefit","start":4159.93,"end":4160.29},{"text":"of","start":4160.29,"end":4160.41},{"text":"all.","start":4160.41,"end":4160.81}]},{"text":"However, the increase in military activities in this domain has generated new threats that undermine stability and international security.","start":4161.61,"end":4170.49,"topics":[{"key":"space-behavior-norms","label":"Space Norms and Confidence-Building Measures","description":"Several statements emphasized norms, rules, principles of responsible behavior, transparency, and confidence-building measures as tools to reduce misunderstanding and escalation in space. Many delegations described these measures as practical steps that should complement, and in some cases help prepare, future legal instruments."}],"words":[{"text":"However,","start":4161.61,"end":4162.09},{"text":"the","start":4162.09,"end":4162.21},{"text":"increase","start":4162.21,"end":4162.65},{"text":"in","start":4162.65,"end":4162.97},{"text":"military","start":4162.97,"end":4163.61},{"text":"activities","start":4163.61,"end":4164.49},{"text":"in","start":4164.49,"end":4164.65},{"text":"this","start":4164.65,"end":4164.81},{"text":"domain","start":4164.81,"end":4165.29},{"text":"has","start":4165.29,"end":4165.69},{"text":"generated","start":4166.01,"end":4166.61},{"text":"new","start":4166.61,"end":4166.81},{"text":"threats","start":4166.81,"end":4167.53},{"text":"that","start":4167.85,"end":4168.01},{"text":"undermine","start":4168.01,"end":4168.57},{"text":"stability","start":4168.57,"end":4169.17},{"text":"and","start":4169.17,"end":4169.29},{"text":"international","start":4169.29,"end":4169.85},{"text":"security.","start":4169.85,"end":4170.49}]},{"text":"We reaffirm our position of principle, that is to say that no weapon should be placed in outer space.","start":4171.85,"end":4177.45,"topics":[{"key":"paros-legal-instrument","label":"Legally Binding PAROS Instrument","description":"A central topic was the call for negotiations on a legally binding, verifiable instrument to prevent an arms race in outer space. 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Speakers also referred to congestion, debris mitigation, debris removal, and the need to keep space activities safe and predictable over the long term."},{"key":"critical-infrastructure-protection","label":"Protection of Critical Civilian Infrastructure","description":"Many delegations highlighted that both satellites and digital networks underpin essential civilian services such as communications, navigation, aviation, weather forecasting, health, and disaster response. They warned that attacks on these systems, whether in space or cyberspace, would have serious humanitarian, economic, and security consequences."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4198.49,"end":4198.73},{"text":"also","start":4198.73,"end":4199.09},{"text":"believe","start":4199.09,"end":4199.61},{"text":"that","start":4199.93,"end":4200.57},{"text":"waste","start":4201.69,"end":4202.49},{"text":"should","start":4202.49,"end":4202.89},{"text":"be","start":4202.89,"end":4203.13},{"text":"treated","start":4203.13,"end":4203.61},{"text":"as","start":4203.61,"end":4204.09},{"text":"weapons","start":4204.17,"end":4205.05},{"text":"abandoned","start":4205.05,"end":4205.77},{"text":"in","start":4205.77,"end":4206.17},{"text":"outer","start":4206.65,"end":4206.97},{"text":"space","start":4206.97,"end":4207.37},{"text":"because","start":4207.37,"end":4207.65},{"text":"their","start":4207.65,"end":4207.81},{"text":"presence","start":4207.81,"end":4208.49},{"text":"represents","start":4208.49,"end":4209.29},{"text":"a","start":4209.29,"end":4209.33},{"text":"real","start":4209.33,"end":4209.93},{"text":"danger","start":4209.93,"end":4210.57},{"text":"for","start":4210.57,"end":4210.93},{"text":"satellites.","start":4210.93,"end":4211.93}]},{"text":"We suggest drafting an international instrument banning the abandonment of space debris and the establishment of a mechanism for accountability and compensation when damage is occurred.","start":4212.81,"end":4226.73,"topics":[{"key":"space-debris-sustainability","label":"Space Debris and Sustainability","description":"The sustainability of the space environment was a recurring concern, especially the creation of debris through destructive anti-satellite tests or deliberate destruction of space systems. 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Many delegations described these measures as practical steps that should complement, and in some cases help prepare, future legal instruments."}],"words":[{"text":"I","start":4250.85,"end":4251.01},{"text":"conclude","start":4251.01,"end":4251.45},{"text":"by","start":4251.45,"end":4251.57},{"text":"reiterating","start":4251.57,"end":4252.21},{"text":"my","start":4252.21,"end":4252.37},{"text":"country's","start":4252.37,"end":4252.81},{"text":"commitment","start":4252.81,"end":4253.29},{"text":"to","start":4253.29,"end":4253.37},{"text":"multilateral","start":4253.37,"end":4254.01},{"text":"disarmament,","start":4254.01,"end":4254.65},{"text":"transparency,","start":4254.65,"end":4255.41},{"text":"peaceful","start":4255.41,"end":4255.73},{"text":"cooperation,","start":4255.73,"end":4256.45},{"text":"and","start":4256.45,"end":4256.61},{"text":"the","start":4256.61,"end":4256.69},{"text":"protection","start":4256.69,"end":4257.25},{"text":"of","start":4257.25,"end":4257.45},{"text":"global","start":4257.45,"end":4257.89},{"text":"common","start":4257.89,"end":4258.29},{"text":"assets,","start":4258.29,"end":4259.01},{"text":"including","start":4259.33,"end":4259.89},{"text":"those","start":4259.89,"end":4260.29},{"text":"beyond","start":4260.29,"end":4260.93},{"text":"our","start":4260.93,"end":4261.25},{"text":"planet.","start":4261.25,"end":4261.81}]},{"text":"Thank you.","start":4262.29,"end":4262.69,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":4262.29,"end":4262.53},{"text":"you.","start":4262.53,"end":4262.69}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"GNQ","affiliation_full":"Equatorial Guinea","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":50,"start":4265.81,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c1/80/17?lang=en&t=4266","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the representative of Equatorial Guinea for his statement.","start":4265.81,"end":4270.29,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":4265.81,"end":4265.82},{"text":"thank","start":4265.81,"end":4266.21},{"text":"the","start":4266.21,"end":4266.37},{"text":"representative","start":4266.45,"end":4267.33},{"text":"of","start":4267.33,"end":4267.57},{"text":"Equatorial","start":4268.09,"end":4268.57},{"text":"Guinea","start":4268.57,"end":4268.93},{"text":"for","start":4268.93,"end":4269.17},{"text":"his","start":4269.17,"end":4269.57},{"text":"statement.","start":4269.57,"end":4270.29}]},{"text":"I give now the floor to the distinguished representative of Austria.","start":4270.37,"end":4273.65,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":4270.37,"end":4270.41},{"text":"give","start":4270.41,"end":4270.53},{"text":"now","start":4270.53,"end":4270.69},{"text":"the","start":4270.69,"end":4270.77},{"text":"floor","start":4270.77,"end":4271.01},{"text":"to","start":4271.01,"end":4271.13},{"text":"the","start":4271.13,"end":4271.21},{"text":"distinguished","start":4271.21,"end":4271.81},{"text":"representative","start":4271.81,"end":4272.53},{"text":"of","start":4272.61,"end":4272.81},{"text":"Austria.","start":4273.09,"end":4273.65}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"1st Committee","affiliation_full":"1st Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":51,"start":4276.13,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c1/80/17?lang=en&t=4277","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Mr. Chair.","start":4276.13,"end":4277.17,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":4276.13,"end":4276.37},{"text":"you,","start":4276.37,"end":4276.45},{"text":"Mr.","start":4276.45,"end":4276.77},{"text":"Chair.","start":4276.77,"end":4277.17}]},{"text":"We align ourselves with the statement by the European Union.","start":4277.17,"end":4280.05,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4277.17,"end":4277.33},{"text":"align","start":4277.33,"end":4277.65},{"text":"ourselves","start":4277.65,"end":4278.21},{"text":"with","start":4278.21,"end":4278.37},{"text":"the","start":4278.37,"end":4278.45},{"text":"statement","start":4278.45,"end":4278.89},{"text":"by","start":4278.89,"end":4279.01},{"text":"the","start":4279.01,"end":4279.09},{"text":"European","start":4279.09,"end":4279.57},{"text":"Union.","start":4279.57,"end":4280.05}]},{"text":"All our societies, spacefaring or not, are increasingly dependent on services provided through outer space systems.","start":4280.61,"end":4288.13,"topics":[{"key":"critical-infrastructure-protection","label":"Protection of Critical Civilian Infrastructure","description":"Many delegations highlighted that both satellites and digital networks underpin essential civilian services such as communications, navigation, aviation, weather forecasting, health, and disaster response. They warned that attacks on these systems, whether in space or cyberspace, would have serious humanitarian, economic, and security consequences."}],"words":[{"text":"All","start":4280.61,"end":4280.85},{"text":"our","start":4280.85,"end":4280.93},{"text":"societies,","start":4280.93,"end":4281.81},{"text":"spacefaring","start":4281.81,"end":4282.85},{"text":"or","start":4282.85,"end":4283.01},{"text":"not,","start":4283.01,"end":4283.41},{"text":"are","start":4283.41,"end":4283.49},{"text":"increasingly","start":4283.49,"end":4284.21},{"text":"dependent","start":4284.21,"end":4284.93},{"text":"on","start":4285.41,"end":4285.65},{"text":"services","start":4285.65,"end":4286.13},{"text":"provided","start":4286.13,"end":4286.69},{"text":"through","start":4286.69,"end":4286.93},{"text":"outer","start":4286.93,"end":4287.13},{"text":"space","start":4287.13,"end":4287.45},{"text":"systems.","start":4287.45,"end":4288.13}]},{"text":"The security situation in the orbit is directly linked with the situation here on Earth.","start":4288.21,"end":4293.81,"topics":[{"key":"critical-infrastructure-protection","label":"Protection of Critical Civilian Infrastructure","description":"Many delegations highlighted that both satellites and digital networks underpin essential civilian services such as communications, navigation, aviation, weather forecasting, health, and disaster response. They warned that attacks on these systems, whether in space or cyberspace, would have serious humanitarian, economic, and security consequences."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":4288.21,"end":4288.29},{"text":"security","start":4288.77,"end":4289.29},{"text":"situation","start":4289.29,"end":4289.97},{"text":"in","start":4289.97,"end":4290.09},{"text":"the","start":4290.09,"end":4290.21},{"text":"orbit","start":4290.21,"end":4290.85},{"text":"is","start":4291.01,"end":4291.17},{"text":"directly","start":4291.17,"end":4291.77},{"text":"linked","start":4291.77,"end":4292.05},{"text":"with","start":4292.05,"end":4292.17},{"text":"the","start":4292.17,"end":4292.25},{"text":"situation","start":4292.29,"end":4293.09},{"text":"here","start":4293.09,"end":4293.41},{"text":"on","start":4293.41,"end":4293.49},{"text":"Earth.","start":4293.49,"end":4293.81}]},{"text":"Any destructive act or escalation in outer space would have serious consequences for a wide range of critical civilian services and heavily impact our economies.","start":4294.45,"end":4303.65,"topics":[{"key":"critical-infrastructure-protection","label":"Protection of Critical Civilian Infrastructure","description":"Many delegations highlighted that both satellites and digital networks underpin essential civilian services such as communications, navigation, aviation, weather forecasting, health, and disaster response. 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Many delegations described these measures as practical steps that should complement, and in some cases help prepare, future legal instruments."}],"words":[{"text":"Through","start":4304.05,"end":4304.21},{"text":"the","start":4304.21,"end":4304.29},{"text":"current","start":4304.29,"end":4304.65},{"text":"dynamics,","start":4304.65,"end":4305.25},{"text":"we","start":4305.25,"end":4305.41},{"text":"see","start":4305.41,"end":4305.57},{"text":"a","start":4305.57,"end":4305.61},{"text":"general","start":4305.61,"end":4306.05},{"text":"risk","start":4306.05,"end":4306.49},{"text":"of","start":4306.49,"end":4306.77},{"text":"weaponization","start":4306.77,"end":4307.61},{"text":"of","start":4307.61,"end":4307.73},{"text":"outer","start":4307.73,"end":4308.05},{"text":"space,","start":4308.05,"end":4308.61},{"text":"which","start":4308.81,"end":4309.01},{"text":"is","start":4309.01,"end":4309.17},{"text":"of","start":4309.17,"end":4309.25},{"text":"great","start":4309.25,"end":4309.53},{"text":"concern.","start":4309.53,"end":4310.21}]},{"text":"Mr. Chair, Austria supports the multilateral efforts to reduce threats, strengthen space security, and to prevent an arms race in outer space.","start":4310.77,"end":4319.17,"topics":[{"key":"paros-legal-instrument","label":"Legally Binding PAROS Instrument","description":"A central topic was the call for negotiations on a legally binding, verifiable instrument to prevent an arms race in outer space. 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Many delegations described these measures as practical steps that should complement, and in some cases help prepare, future legal instruments."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":4310.77,"end":4311.09},{"text":"Chair,","start":4311.09,"end":4311.49},{"text":"Austria","start":4311.49,"end":4311.93},{"text":"supports","start":4311.93,"end":4312.37},{"text":"the","start":4312.37,"end":4312.45},{"text":"multilateral","start":4312.45,"end":4313.17},{"text":"efforts","start":4313.17,"end":4313.69},{"text":"to","start":4313.69,"end":4313.77},{"text":"reduce","start":4313.77,"end":4314.29},{"text":"threats,","start":4314.29,"end":4314.93},{"text":"strengthen","start":4315.25,"end":4315.89},{"text":"space","start":4315.89,"end":4316.25},{"text":"security,","start":4316.25,"end":4316.93},{"text":"and","start":4317.09,"end":4317.25},{"text":"to","start":4317.25,"end":4317.33},{"text":"prevent","start":4317.33,"end":4317.73},{"text":"an","start":4317.73,"end":4317.85},{"text":"arms","start":4317.85,"end":4318.09},{"text":"race","start":4318.09,"end":4318.29},{"text":"in","start":4318.29,"end":4318.45},{"text":"outer","start":4318.45,"end":4318.69},{"text":"space.","start":4318.69,"end":4319.17}]},{"text":"which will ultimately come at the expense of the security and interests of all humankind.","start":4319.65,"end":4324.89,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"which","start":4319.65,"end":4319.85},{"text":"will","start":4319.85,"end":4320.17},{"text":"ultimately","start":4320.89,"end":4321.45},{"text":"come","start":4321.45,"end":4321.77},{"text":"at","start":4321.77,"end":4321.93},{"text":"the","start":4321.93,"end":4322.01},{"text":"expense","start":4322.01,"end":4322.49},{"text":"of","start":4322.53,"end":4322.61},{"text":"the","start":4322.61,"end":4322.69},{"text":"security","start":4322.69,"end":4323.21},{"text":"and","start":4323.21,"end":4323.33},{"text":"interests","start":4323.33,"end":4323.81},{"text":"of","start":4323.81,"end":4323.93},{"text":"all","start":4323.93,"end":4324.13},{"text":"humankind.","start":4324.13,"end":4324.89}]},{"text":"Past discussions on further efforts to prevent an arms race in outer space in the General Assembly and the Conference on Disarmament were not able to bridge conceptual differences.","start":4325.45,"end":4335.05,"topics":[{"key":"paros-legal-instrument","label":"Legally Binding PAROS Instrument","description":"A central topic was the call for negotiations on a legally binding, verifiable instrument to prevent an arms race in outer space. 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Speakers discussed banning the placement of weapons in space, prohibiting attacks on space objects, and using the Conference on Disarmament and the OEWG to advance treaty language."},{"key":"space-behavior-norms","label":"Space Norms and Confidence-Building Measures","description":"Several statements emphasized norms, rules, principles of responsible behavior, transparency, and confidence-building measures as tools to reduce misunderstanding and escalation in space. Many delegations described these measures as practical steps that should complement, and in some cases help prepare, future legal instruments."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":4335.45,"end":4335.57},{"text":"OEWG","start":4335.57,"end":4336.49},{"text":"on","start":4336.49,"end":4336.57},{"text":"the","start":4336.57,"end":4336.69},{"text":"prevention","start":4336.69,"end":4337.25},{"text":"of","start":4337.25,"end":4337.37},{"text":"an","start":4337.37,"end":4337.45},{"text":"arms","start":4337.45,"end":4337.77},{"text":"race","start":4337.77,"end":4338.01},{"text":"in","start":4338.01,"end":4338.09},{"text":"all","start":4338.09,"end":4338.25},{"text":"its","start":4338.25,"end":4338.41},{"text":"aspects","start":4338.41,"end":4339.05},{"text":"provides","start":4339.05,"end":4339.49},{"text":"us","start":4339.49,"end":4339.61},{"text":"with","start":4339.61,"end":4339.77},{"text":"an","start":4339.77,"end":4339.85},{"text":"opportunity","start":4339.85,"end":4340.65},{"text":"for","start":4340.65,"end":4340.89},{"text":"a","start":4340.89,"end":4340.93},{"text":"holistic","start":4340.93,"end":4341.41},{"text":"discussion","start":4341.41,"end":4342.17},{"text":"in","start":4342.41,"end":4342.49},{"text":"which","start":4342.49,"end":4342.73},{"text":"different","start":4342.73,"end":4343.05},{"text":"approaches","start":4343.05,"end":4343.61},{"text":"can","start":4343.61,"end":4343.77},{"text":"find","start":4343.77,"end":4344.05},{"text":"a","start":4344.05,"end":4344.09},{"text":"common","start":4344.09,"end":4344.41},{"text":"home.","start":4344.41,"end":4344.81}]},{"text":"It further allows us to build upon previous work streams, and longstanding multilateral efforts.","start":4345.53,"end":4350.81,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"It","start":4345.53,"end":4345.65},{"text":"further","start":4345.65,"end":4345.93},{"text":"allows","start":4345.93,"end":4346.25},{"text":"us","start":4346.25,"end":4346.41},{"text":"to","start":4346.41,"end":4346.53},{"text":"build","start":4346.57,"end":4346.85},{"text":"upon","start":4346.85,"end":4347.13},{"text":"previous","start":4347.13,"end":4347.61},{"text":"work","start":4347.61,"end":4347.85},{"text":"streams,","start":4347.85,"end":4348.33},{"text":"and","start":4348.81,"end":4348.97},{"text":"longstanding","start":4348.97,"end":4349.57},{"text":"multilateral","start":4349.57,"end":4350.25},{"text":"efforts.","start":4350.25,"end":4350.81}]},{"text":"We regret, however, the enormous amount of time and work that went into procedural discussions and the artificial separation between legally binding and non-legally binding approaches.","start":4350.97,"end":4361.13,"topics":[{"key":"paros-legal-instrument","label":"Legally Binding PAROS Instrument","description":"A central topic was the call for negotiations on a legally binding, verifiable instrument to prevent an arms race in outer space. Speakers discussed banning the placement of weapons in space, prohibiting attacks on space objects, and using the Conference on Disarmament and the OEWG to advance treaty language."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4350.97,"end":4351.29},{"text":"regret,","start":4351.29,"end":4351.85},{"text":"however,","start":4351.85,"end":4352.25},{"text":"the","start":4352.25,"end":4352.37},{"text":"enormous","start":4352.37,"end":4352.89},{"text":"amount","start":4352.89,"end":4353.29},{"text":"of","start":4353.29,"end":4353.37},{"text":"time","start":4353.37,"end":4353.73},{"text":"and","start":4353.73,"end":4353.85},{"text":"work","start":4353.85,"end":4354.21},{"text":"that","start":4354.21,"end":4354.33},{"text":"went","start":4354.33,"end":4354.57},{"text":"into","start":4354.57,"end":4354.85},{"text":"procedural","start":4354.85,"end":4355.45},{"text":"discussions","start":4355.45,"end":4356.37},{"text":"and","start":4356.41,"end":4356.69},{"text":"the","start":4356.69,"end":4356.77},{"text":"artificial","start":4356.77,"end":4357.29},{"text":"separation","start":4357.29,"end":4358.09},{"text":"between","start":4358.29,"end":4358.61},{"text":"legally","start":4358.61,"end":4358.97},{"text":"binding","start":4358.97,"end":4359.45},{"text":"and","start":4359.45,"end":4359.57},{"text":"non-legally","start":4359.57,"end":4360.09},{"text":"binding","start":4360.09,"end":4360.45},{"text":"approaches.","start":4360.45,"end":4361.13}]},{"text":"We stress the importance that we attach to multi-stakeholder engagement in these discussions as well.","start":4361.69,"end":4366.57,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4361.69,"end":4361.85},{"text":"stress","start":4361.85,"end":4362.17},{"text":"the","start":4362.17,"end":4362.25},{"text":"importance","start":4362.25,"end":4362.89},{"text":"that","start":4362.89,"end":4363.05},{"text":"we","start":4363.05,"end":4363.17},{"text":"attach","start":4363.17,"end":4363.61},{"text":"to","start":4363.61,"end":4363.73},{"text":"multi-stakeholder","start":4363.73,"end":4364.53},{"text":"engagement","start":4364.53,"end":4365.21},{"text":"in","start":4365.21,"end":4365.33},{"text":"these","start":4365.33,"end":4365.49},{"text":"discussions","start":4365.49,"end":4366.17},{"text":"as","start":4366.17,"end":4366.25},{"text":"well.","start":4366.25,"end":4366.57}]},{"text":"The work of the OEWG should be conducted in complementarity with the efforts undertaken in the framework of COPOS.","start":4367.29,"end":4373.73,"topics":[{"key":"space-access-capacity","label":"Equitable Access and Capacity Building in Space","description":"Delegations repeatedly called for international cooperation, technology sharing, and capacity building so that developing countries, emerging space actors, and small states can benefit from peaceful space activities. This included support through COPUOS, UNOOSA, regional initiatives, and national space development programmes."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":4367.29,"end":4367.41},{"text":"work","start":4367.41,"end":4367.69},{"text":"of","start":4367.69,"end":4367.77},{"text":"the","start":4367.77,"end":4367.89},{"text":"OEWG","start":4367.93,"end":4368.81},{"text":"should","start":4368.81,"end":4369.05},{"text":"be","start":4369.05,"end":4369.13},{"text":"conducted","start":4369.13,"end":4369.69},{"text":"in","start":4369.69,"end":4369.77},{"text":"complementarity","start":4369.77,"end":4370.89},{"text":"with","start":4370.89,"end":4371.09},{"text":"the","start":4371.09,"end":4371.17},{"text":"efforts","start":4371.17,"end":4371.61},{"text":"undertaken","start":4371.61,"end":4372.21},{"text":"in","start":4372.21,"end":4372.29},{"text":"the","start":4372.29,"end":4372.37},{"text":"framework","start":4372.37,"end":4372.85},{"text":"of","start":4372.85,"end":4372.93},{"text":"COPOS.","start":4372.93,"end":4373.73}]},{"text":"which has delivered concrete measures and remains the main forum to discuss the peaceful uses of outer space.","start":4374.01,"end":4379.81,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-space-use","label":"Peaceful Use of Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space is a global commons or common heritage of humankind and must be used exclusively for peaceful purposes. They linked this principle to non-appropriation, equal access, and the obligation to preserve space for the benefit of all states and future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"which","start":4374.01,"end":4374.29},{"text":"has","start":4374.29,"end":4374.41},{"text":"delivered","start":4374.41,"end":4374.93},{"text":"concrete","start":4374.93,"end":4375.41},{"text":"measures","start":4375.41,"end":4375.97},{"text":"and","start":4375.97,"end":4376.13},{"text":"remains","start":4376.13,"end":4376.49},{"text":"the","start":4376.49,"end":4376.61},{"text":"main","start":4376.61,"end":4376.85},{"text":"forum","start":4376.85,"end":4377.25},{"text":"to","start":4377.25,"end":4377.37},{"text":"discuss","start":4377.37,"end":4377.85},{"text":"the","start":4377.85,"end":4377.93},{"text":"peaceful","start":4377.93,"end":4378.37},{"text":"uses","start":4378.37,"end":4378.85},{"text":"of","start":4378.85,"end":4379.01},{"text":"outer","start":4379.01,"end":4379.25},{"text":"space.","start":4379.25,"end":4379.81}]},{"text":"Mr. Chair, the Hague Code of Conduct and the Convention on Registration of Objects Launched into Outer Space play an important role, particularly given the exponential increase of space launches.","start":4380.21,"end":4392.45,"topics":[{"key":"space-behavior-norms","label":"Space Norms and Confidence-Building Measures","description":"Several statements emphasized norms, rules, principles of responsible behavior, transparency, and confidence-building measures as tools to reduce misunderstanding and escalation in space. Many delegations described these measures as practical steps that should complement, and in some cases help prepare, future legal instruments."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":4380.21,"end":4380.61},{"text":"Chair,","start":4380.61,"end":4381.01},{"text":"the","start":4381.09,"end":4381.17},{"text":"Hague","start":4381.33,"end":4381.61},{"text":"Code","start":4381.61,"end":4381.89},{"text":"of","start":4381.89,"end":4381.97},{"text":"Conduct","start":4381.97,"end":4382.69},{"text":"and","start":4382.69,"end":4382.85},{"text":"the","start":4382.85,"end":4382.93},{"text":"Convention","start":4382.93,"end":4383.45},{"text":"on","start":4383.45,"end":4383.53},{"text":"Registration","start":4383.53,"end":4384.49},{"text":"of","start":4384.49,"end":4384.69},{"text":"Objects","start":4384.69,"end":4385.33},{"text":"Launched","start":4385.33,"end":4385.77},{"text":"into","start":4385.77,"end":4386.05},{"text":"Outer","start":4386.05,"end":4386.21},{"text":"Space","start":4386.21,"end":4386.77},{"text":"play","start":4386.77,"end":4387.01},{"text":"an","start":4387.01,"end":4387.33},{"text":"important","start":4387.41,"end":4387.97},{"text":"role,","start":4388.05,"end":4388.37},{"text":"particularly","start":4388.37,"end":4389.17},{"text":"given","start":4389.17,"end":4389.73},{"text":"the","start":4390.05,"end":4390.17},{"text":"exponential","start":4390.17,"end":4390.93},{"text":"increase","start":4390.93,"end":4391.37},{"text":"of","start":4391.37,"end":4391.45},{"text":"space","start":4391.45,"end":4391.81},{"text":"launches.","start":4391.81,"end":4392.45}]},{"text":"Possible synergies should be explored.","start":4392.85,"end":4395.09,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Possible","start":4392.85,"end":4393.25},{"text":"synergies","start":4393.25,"end":4393.97},{"text":"should","start":4393.97,"end":4394.21},{"text":"be","start":4394.21,"end":4394.37},{"text":"explored.","start":4394.37,"end":4395.09}]},{"text":"We encourage states that have not yet done so to ratify all outer space treaties.","start":4395.65,"end":4400.13,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-space-use","label":"Peaceful Use of Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space is a global commons or common heritage of humankind and must be used exclusively for peaceful purposes. They linked this principle to non-appropriation, equal access, and the obligation to preserve space for the benefit of all states and future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4395.65,"end":4395.81},{"text":"encourage","start":4395.81,"end":4396.21},{"text":"states","start":4396.21,"end":4396.65},{"text":"that","start":4396.65,"end":4396.77},{"text":"have","start":4396.77,"end":4396.93},{"text":"not","start":4396.93,"end":4397.09},{"text":"yet","start":4397.09,"end":4397.25},{"text":"done","start":4397.25,"end":4397.49},{"text":"so","start":4397.49,"end":4397.65},{"text":"to","start":4397.65,"end":4397.85},{"text":"ratify","start":4397.85,"end":4398.61},{"text":"all","start":4398.61,"end":4398.93},{"text":"outer","start":4398.93,"end":4399.17},{"text":"space","start":4399.17,"end":4399.57},{"text":"treaties.","start":4399.57,"end":4400.13}]},{"text":"Mr. Chair, we are particularly concerned about the development and testing of kinetic anti-satellite capabilities.","start":4401.13,"end":4407.13,"topics":[{"key":"space-debris-sustainability","label":"Space Debris and Sustainability","description":"The sustainability of the space environment was a recurring concern, especially the creation of debris through destructive anti-satellite tests or deliberate destruction of space systems. Speakers also referred to congestion, debris mitigation, debris removal, and the need to keep space activities safe and predictable over the long term."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":4401.13,"end":4401.37},{"text":"Chair,","start":4401.37,"end":4401.65},{"text":"we","start":4401.65,"end":4401.85},{"text":"are","start":4401.85,"end":4401.93},{"text":"particularly","start":4401.93,"end":4402.89},{"text":"concerned","start":4402.89,"end":4403.41},{"text":"about","start":4403.41,"end":4403.69},{"text":"the","start":4403.69,"end":4403.77},{"text":"development","start":4403.77,"end":4404.29},{"text":"and","start":4404.29,"end":4404.45},{"text":"testing","start":4404.45,"end":4404.89},{"text":"of","start":4404.89,"end":4404.97},{"text":"kinetic","start":4404.97,"end":4405.45},{"text":"anti-satellite","start":4405.45,"end":4406.13},{"text":"capabilities.","start":4406.13,"end":4407.13}]},{"text":"They endanger the current and future peaceful uses of outer space, raise threat perceptions, and create extensive space debris.","start":4407.37,"end":4414.01,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-space-use","label":"Peaceful Use of Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space is a global commons or common heritage of humankind and must be used exclusively for peaceful purposes. 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Speakers also referred to congestion, debris mitigation, debris removal, and the need to keep space activities safe and predictable over the long term."}],"words":[{"text":"They","start":4407.37,"end":4407.49},{"text":"endanger","start":4407.49,"end":4407.97},{"text":"the","start":4407.97,"end":4408.05},{"text":"current","start":4408.05,"end":4408.41},{"text":"and","start":4408.41,"end":4408.57},{"text":"future","start":4408.57,"end":4408.97},{"text":"peaceful","start":4408.97,"end":4409.37},{"text":"uses","start":4409.37,"end":4409.85},{"text":"of","start":4409.85,"end":4409.93},{"text":"outer","start":4409.93,"end":4410.09},{"text":"space,","start":4410.09,"end":4410.73},{"text":"raise","start":4410.73,"end":4411.05},{"text":"threat","start":4411.05,"end":4411.37},{"text":"perceptions,","start":4411.37,"end":4412.13},{"text":"and","start":4412.13,"end":4412.25},{"text":"create","start":4412.25,"end":4412.65},{"text":"extensive","start":4412.65,"end":4413.17},{"text":"space","start":4413.17,"end":4413.61},{"text":"debris.","start":4413.61,"end":4414.01}]},{"text":"The conduct of non-kinetic attacks and cyber warfare on outer space systems is extremely concerning, as it is difficult to ascertain accountability and responsibility for such attacks.","start":4414.33,"end":4426.25,"topics":[{"key":"cyber-law-application","label":"International Law in Cyberspace","description":"Numerous delegations reaffirmed that international law applies to state conduct in cyberspace, including the UN Charter, international humanitarian law, human rights law, and the law of state responsibility. 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They warned that attacks on these systems, whether in space or cyberspace, would have serious humanitarian, economic, and security consequences."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":4414.33,"end":4414.41},{"text":"conduct","start":4414.57,"end":4415.09},{"text":"of","start":4415.09,"end":4415.21},{"text":"non-kinetic","start":4415.21,"end":4416.01},{"text":"attacks","start":4416.01,"end":4416.93},{"text":"and","start":4416.93,"end":4417.05},{"text":"cyber","start":4417.05,"end":4417.41},{"text":"warfare","start":4417.41,"end":4417.89},{"text":"on","start":4417.89,"end":4418.01},{"text":"outer","start":4418.01,"end":4418.25},{"text":"space","start":4418.25,"end":4418.53},{"text":"systems","start":4418.53,"end":4419.13},{"text":"is","start":4419.21,"end":4419.29},{"text":"extremely","start":4419.37,"end":4420.01},{"text":"concerning,","start":4420.01,"end":4420.81},{"text":"as","start":4420.81,"end":4421.01},{"text":"it","start":4421.01,"end":4421.21},{"text":"is","start":4421.21,"end":4421.37},{"text":"difficult","start":4421.37,"end":4422.05},{"text":"to","start":4422.05,"end":4422.13},{"text":"ascertain","start":4422.13,"end":4422.61},{"text":"accountability","start":4422.61,"end":4423.53},{"text":"and","start":4423.53,"end":4423.73},{"text":"responsibility","start":4423.73,"end":4424.73},{"text":"for","start":4425.13,"end":4425.37},{"text":"such","start":4425.37,"end":4425.61},{"text":"attacks.","start":4425.61,"end":4426.25}]},{"text":"The highly disruptive potential of malicious space operations targeting space objects entail significant repercussions on civilians on Earth.","start":4426.73,"end":4434.33,"topics":[{"key":"critical-infrastructure-protection","label":"Protection of Critical Civilian Infrastructure","description":"Many delegations highlighted that both satellites and digital networks underpin essential civilian services such as communications, navigation, aviation, weather forecasting, health, and disaster response. They warned that attacks on these systems, whether in space or cyberspace, would have serious humanitarian, economic, and security consequences."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":4426.73,"end":4426.77},{"text":"highly","start":4426.77,"end":4427.05},{"text":"disruptive","start":4427.05,"end":4427.57},{"text":"potential","start":4427.57,"end":4428.13},{"text":"of","start":4428.13,"end":4428.25},{"text":"malicious","start":4428.25,"end":4428.77},{"text":"space","start":4428.77,"end":4429.09},{"text":"operations","start":4429.09,"end":4429.81},{"text":"targeting","start":4429.81,"end":4430.25},{"text":"space","start":4430.25,"end":4430.65},{"text":"objects","start":4430.65,"end":4431.37},{"text":"entail","start":4431.57,"end":4431.93},{"text":"significant","start":4431.93,"end":4432.61},{"text":"repercussions","start":4432.61,"end":4433.37},{"text":"on","start":4433.37,"end":4433.53},{"text":"civilians","start":4433.53,"end":4433.97},{"text":"on","start":4433.97,"end":4434.09},{"text":"Earth.","start":4434.09,"end":4434.33}]},{"text":"We are therefore particularly concerned about the potential humanitarian consequences of a conflict in outer space.","start":4434.73,"end":4440.73,"topics":[{"key":"critical-infrastructure-protection","label":"Protection of Critical Civilian Infrastructure","description":"Many delegations highlighted that both satellites and digital networks underpin essential civilian services such as communications, navigation, aviation, weather forecasting, health, and disaster response. They warned that attacks on these systems, whether in space or cyberspace, would have serious humanitarian, economic, and security consequences."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4434.73,"end":4434.85},{"text":"are","start":4434.85,"end":4434.93},{"text":"therefore","start":4434.93,"end":4435.29},{"text":"particularly","start":4435.29,"end":4435.85},{"text":"concerned","start":4435.85,"end":4436.33},{"text":"about","start":4436.33,"end":4436.61},{"text":"the","start":4436.61,"end":4436.69},{"text":"potential","start":4436.69,"end":4437.13},{"text":"humanitarian","start":4437.13,"end":4437.85},{"text":"consequences","start":4437.85,"end":4438.81},{"text":"of","start":4438.97,"end":4439.13},{"text":"a","start":4439.13,"end":4439.21},{"text":"conflict","start":4439.21,"end":4439.77},{"text":"in","start":4439.77,"end":4439.93},{"text":"outer","start":4439.93,"end":4440.17},{"text":"space.","start":4440.17,"end":4440.73}]},{"text":"We emphasize that international law, including international humanitarian law, fully applies to outer space.","start":4441.21,"end":4446.73,"topics":[{"key":"cyber-law-application","label":"International Law in Cyberspace","description":"Numerous delegations reaffirmed that international law applies to state conduct in cyberspace, including the UN Charter, international humanitarian law, human rights law, and the law of state responsibility. They called for deeper common understanding of how these rules apply to cyber operations, especially during armed conflict and incidents affecting critical infrastructure."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4441.21,"end":4441.57},{"text":"emphasize","start":4441.57,"end":4442.09},{"text":"that","start":4442.09,"end":4442.21},{"text":"international","start":4442.21,"end":4442.97},{"text":"law,","start":4442.97,"end":4443.05},{"text":"including","start":4443.05,"end":4443.53},{"text":"international","start":4443.53,"end":4444.05},{"text":"humanitarian","start":4444.05,"end":4444.81},{"text":"law,","start":4444.81,"end":4445.05},{"text":"fully","start":4445.05,"end":4445.45},{"text":"applies","start":4445.45,"end":4445.89},{"text":"to","start":4445.89,"end":4446.05},{"text":"outer","start":4446.05,"end":4446.25},{"text":"space.","start":4446.25,"end":4446.73}]},{"text":"Outer space must remain the province of all humankind as set out in the Outer Space Treaty of 1967.","start":4447.21,"end":4453.21,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-space-use","label":"Peaceful Use of Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space is a global commons or common heritage of humankind and must be used exclusively for peaceful purposes. They linked this principle to non-appropriation, equal access, and the obligation to preserve space for the benefit of all states and future 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to the distinguished representative of Libya.","start":4460.29,"end":4463.65,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":4460.29,"end":4460.37},{"text":"give","start":4460.37,"end":4460.69},{"text":"now","start":4460.69,"end":4460.85},{"text":"the","start":4460.85,"end":4460.93},{"text":"floor","start":4460.93,"end":4461.17},{"text":"to","start":4461.17,"end":4461.29},{"text":"the","start":4461.33,"end":4461.41},{"text":"distinguished","start":4461.45,"end":4461.97},{"text":"representative","start":4461.97,"end":4462.69},{"text":"of","start":4462.77,"end":4463.09},{"text":"Libya.","start":4463.09,"end":4463.65}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"1st Committee","affiliation_full":"1st Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":53,"start":4471.49,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c1/80/17?lang=en&t=4472","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"In the name of God, most gracious, most 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Libya.","start":4474.05,"end":4478.13,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Chair,","start":4474.05,"end":4474.45},{"text":"it's","start":4474.69,"end":4475.01},{"text":"my","start":4475.01,"end":4475.17},{"text":"honor","start":4475.17,"end":4475.57},{"text":"to","start":4475.57,"end":4475.73},{"text":"deliver","start":4475.73,"end":4476.13},{"text":"the","start":4476.13,"end":4476.21},{"text":"statement","start":4476.21,"end":4476.73},{"text":"on","start":4476.73,"end":4476.85},{"text":"behalf","start":4476.85,"end":4477.33},{"text":"of","start":4477.33,"end":4477.57},{"text":"Libya.","start":4477.65,"end":4478.13}]},{"text":"My country fully supports the statement delivered by the Arab 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you, Chair.","start":4620.81,"end":4621.61,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":4620.81,"end":4621.09},{"text":"you,","start":4621.09,"end":4621.21},{"text":"Chair.","start":4621.21,"end":4621.61}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"LBY","affiliation_full":"Libya","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":54,"start":4621.77,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c1/80/17?lang=en&t=4622","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the representative of Libya for his statement.","start":4621.77,"end":4630.33,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":4621.77,"end":4622.33},{"text":"thank","start":4626.97,"end":4627.29},{"text":"the","start":4627.37,"end":4627.45},{"text":"representative","start":4627.61,"end":4628.37},{"text":"of","start":4628.53,"end":4628.61},{"text":"Libya","start":4628.89,"end":4629.29},{"text":"for","start":4629.29,"end":4629.53},{"text":"his","start":4629.53,"end":4629.69},{"text":"statement.","start":4629.69,"end":4630.33}]},{"text":"I give now the floor to the distinguished representative of India.","start":4630.33,"end":4633.77,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":4630.33,"end":4630.37},{"text":"give","start":4630.37,"end":4630.49},{"text":"now","start":4630.49,"end":4630.65},{"text":"the","start":4630.65,"end":4630.81},{"text":"floor","start":4630.81,"end":4631.05},{"text":"to","start":4631.05,"end":4631.13},{"text":"the","start":4631.13,"end":4631.25},{"text":"distinguished","start":4631.45,"end":4632.09},{"text":"representative","start":4632.09,"end":4632.89},{"text":"of","start":4632.97,"end":4633.29},{"text":"India.","start":4633.37,"end":4633.77}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"1st Committee","affiliation_full":"1st Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":55,"start":4635.85,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c1/80/17?lang=en&t=4636","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Chair, and good morning, 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They linked this principle to non-appropriation, equal access, and the obligation to preserve space for the benefit of all states and future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"India","start":4653.53,"end":4653.81},{"text":"believes","start":4653.81,"end":4654.25},{"text":"that","start":4654.25,"end":4654.49},{"text":"outer","start":4654.49,"end":4654.65},{"text":"space","start":4654.65,"end":4654.97},{"text":"belongs","start":4654.97,"end":4655.29},{"text":"to","start":4655.29,"end":4655.45},{"text":"all","start":4655.45,"end":4655.61},{"text":"of","start":4655.61,"end":4655.69},{"text":"us.","start":4655.69,"end":4656.01}]},{"text":"We are one Earth, one family, and have one future.","start":4656.41,"end":4658.73,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-space-use","label":"Peaceful Use of Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space is a global commons or common heritage of humankind and must be used exclusively for peaceful purposes. They linked this principle to non-appropriation, equal access, and the obligation to preserve space for the benefit of all states and future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4656.41,"end":4656.53},{"text":"are","start":4656.53,"end":4656.65},{"text":"one","start":4656.65,"end":4656.85},{"text":"Earth,","start":4656.85,"end":4657.05},{"text":"one","start":4657.05,"end":4657.29},{"text":"family,","start":4657.29,"end":4657.69},{"text":"and","start":4657.69,"end":4657.93},{"text":"have","start":4657.93,"end":4658.09},{"text":"one","start":4658.09,"end":4658.33},{"text":"future.","start":4658.33,"end":4658.73}]},{"text":"Chair, a difference of opinion has existed and continues to exist on approaches to preventing an arms race in outer space, and on the question of whether a particular approach or the other should have the priority.","start":4659.29,"end":4668.57,"topics":[{"key":"paros-legal-instrument","label":"Legally Binding PAROS Instrument","description":"A central topic was the call for negotiations on a legally binding, verifiable instrument to prevent an arms race in outer space. Speakers discussed banning the placement of weapons in space, prohibiting attacks on space objects, and using the Conference on Disarmament and the OEWG to advance treaty language."}],"words":[{"text":"Chair,","start":4659.29,"end":4659.57},{"text":"a","start":4659.57,"end":4659.61},{"text":"difference","start":4659.61,"end":4659.97},{"text":"of","start":4659.97,"end":4660.05},{"text":"opinion","start":4660.05,"end":4660.45},{"text":"has","start":4660.45,"end":4660.57},{"text":"existed","start":4660.57,"end":4661.13},{"text":"and","start":4661.13,"end":4661.25},{"text":"continues","start":4661.25,"end":4661.77},{"text":"to","start":4661.77,"end":4661.89},{"text":"exist","start":4661.89,"end":4662.21},{"text":"on","start":4662.21,"end":4662.29},{"text":"approaches","start":4662.29,"end":4662.73},{"text":"to","start":4662.73,"end":4662.89},{"text":"preventing","start":4662.89,"end":4663.37},{"text":"an","start":4663.37,"end":4663.45},{"text":"arms","start":4663.45,"end":4663.65},{"text":"race","start":4663.65,"end":4663.81},{"text":"in","start":4663.81,"end":4664.01},{"text":"outer","start":4664.01,"end":4664.17},{"text":"space,","start":4664.17,"end":4664.57},{"text":"and","start":4664.85,"end":4664.97},{"text":"on","start":4664.97,"end":4665.05},{"text":"the","start":4665.05,"end":4665.17},{"text":"question","start":4665.17,"end":4665.49},{"text":"of","start":4665.49,"end":4665.57},{"text":"whether","start":4665.57,"end":4665.93},{"text":"a","start":4665.93,"end":4665.97},{"text":"particular","start":4665.97,"end":4666.41},{"text":"approach","start":4666.41,"end":4666.89},{"text":"or","start":4666.89,"end":4667.13},{"text":"the","start":4667.13,"end":4667.33},{"text":"other","start":4667.33,"end":4667.53},{"text":"should","start":4667.53,"end":4667.69},{"text":"have","start":4667.69,"end":4667.85},{"text":"the","start":4667.85,"end":4667.93},{"text":"priority.","start":4667.93,"end":4668.57}]},{"text":"Indian experts participated actively in the GGE on further practical measures on PAROS held in 2018 and 19 and the recent one in 2023 and 2024 which successfully adopted a report.","start":4669.13,"end":4680.41,"topics":[{"key":"space-behavior-norms","label":"Space Norms and Confidence-Building Measures","description":"Several statements emphasized norms, rules, principles of responsible behavior, transparency, and confidence-building measures as tools to reduce misunderstanding and escalation in space. Many delegations described these measures as practical steps that should complement, and in some cases help prepare, future legal instruments."}],"words":[{"text":"Indian","start":4669.13,"end":4669.41},{"text":"experts","start":4669.41,"end":4669.85},{"text":"participated","start":4669.85,"end":4670.57},{"text":"actively","start":4670.57,"end":4671.01},{"text":"in","start":4671.01,"end":4671.13},{"text":"the","start":4671.13,"end":4671.21},{"text":"GGE","start":4671.21,"end":4671.69},{"text":"on","start":4672.29,"end":4672.49},{"text":"further","start":4672.49,"end":4672.77},{"text":"practical","start":4672.77,"end":4673.17},{"text":"measures","start":4673.21,"end":4673.53},{"text":"on","start":4673.53,"end":4673.69},{"text":"PAROS","start":4673.69,"end":4673.93},{"text":"held","start":4673.93,"end":4674.09},{"text":"in","start":4674.09,"end":4674.17},{"text":"2018","start":4674.17,"end":4674.93},{"text":"and","start":4674.93,"end":4675.05},{"text":"19","start":4675.05,"end":4675.45},{"text":"and","start":4675.93,"end":4676.13},{"text":"the","start":4676.13,"end":4676.21},{"text":"recent","start":4676.21,"end":4676.53},{"text":"one","start":4676.53,"end":4676.73},{"text":"in","start":4676.73,"end":4676.81},{"text":"2023","start":4676.81,"end":4677.49},{"text":"and","start":4677.49,"end":4677.65},{"text":"2024","start":4677.65,"end":4678.33},{"text":"which","start":4678.77,"end":4678.97},{"text":"successfully","start":4678.97,"end":4679.53},{"text":"adopted","start":4679.53,"end":4679.89},{"text":"a","start":4679.89,"end":4679.93},{"text":"report.","start":4679.93,"end":4680.41}]},{"text":"India also participated constructively in the work of the open-ended working group on reducing space threats on responsible behaviors.","start":4680.89,"end":4686.81,"topics":[{"key":"space-behavior-norms","label":"Space Norms and Confidence-Building Measures","description":"Several statements emphasized norms, rules, principles of responsible behavior, transparency, and confidence-building measures as tools to reduce misunderstanding and escalation in space. Many delegations described these measures as practical steps that should complement, and in some cases help prepare, future legal instruments."}],"words":[{"text":"India","start":4680.89,"end":4681.17},{"text":"also","start":4681.17,"end":4681.45},{"text":"participated","start":4681.45,"end":4682.09},{"text":"constructively","start":4682.09,"end":4682.65},{"text":"in","start":4682.65,"end":4682.73},{"text":"the","start":4682.73,"end":4682.81},{"text":"work","start":4682.81,"end":4683.13},{"text":"of","start":4683.13,"end":4683.37},{"text":"the","start":4683.37,"end":4683.49},{"text":"open-ended","start":4683.49,"end":4683.89},{"text":"working","start":4683.89,"end":4684.13},{"text":"group","start":4684.13,"end":4684.37},{"text":"on","start":4684.37,"end":4684.49},{"text":"reducing","start":4684.49,"end":4684.89},{"text":"space","start":4684.89,"end":4685.17},{"text":"threats","start":4685.17,"end":4685.53},{"text":"on","start":4685.53,"end":4685.69},{"text":"responsible","start":4685.69,"end":4686.25},{"text":"behaviors.","start":4686.25,"end":4686.81}]},{"text":"India supported the establishment of the open-ended working group on PAROS in all its aspects under a combined mandate and acknowledges the progress achieved on its program of work this year.","start":4687.37,"end":4696.01,"topics":[{"key":"paros-legal-instrument","label":"Legally Binding PAROS Instrument","description":"A central topic was the call for negotiations on a legally binding, verifiable instrument to prevent an arms race in outer space. Speakers discussed banning the placement of weapons in space, prohibiting attacks on space objects, and using the Conference on Disarmament and the OEWG to advance treaty language."}],"words":[{"text":"India","start":4687.37,"end":4687.65},{"text":"supported","start":4687.65,"end":4688.17},{"text":"the","start":4688.17,"end":4688.25},{"text":"establishment","start":4688.25,"end":4688.93},{"text":"of","start":4688.93,"end":4689.13},{"text":"the","start":4689.13,"end":4689.33},{"text":"open-ended","start":4689.33,"end":4689.69},{"text":"working","start":4689.69,"end":4689.97},{"text":"group","start":4689.97,"end":4690.17},{"text":"on","start":4690.17,"end":4690.33},{"text":"PAROS","start":4690.33,"end":4690.65},{"text":"in","start":4690.65,"end":4690.81},{"text":"all","start":4690.81,"end":4690.97},{"text":"its","start":4690.97,"end":4691.13},{"text":"aspects","start":4691.13,"end":4691.69},{"text":"under","start":4691.73,"end":4692.01},{"text":"a","start":4692.01,"end":4692.05},{"text":"combined","start":4692.05,"end":4692.41},{"text":"mandate","start":4692.41,"end":4692.89},{"text":"and","start":4693.21,"end":4693.37},{"text":"acknowledges","start":4693.37,"end":4693.85},{"text":"the","start":4693.85,"end":4693.93},{"text":"progress","start":4693.93,"end":4694.33},{"text":"achieved","start":4694.33,"end":4694.65},{"text":"on","start":4694.65,"end":4694.85},{"text":"its","start":4694.85,"end":4694.97},{"text":"program","start":4694.97,"end":4695.29},{"text":"of","start":4695.29,"end":4695.41},{"text":"work","start":4695.41,"end":4695.61},{"text":"this","start":4695.61,"end":4695.85},{"text":"year.","start":4695.85,"end":4696.01}]},{"text":"Chair, India would like to reiterate our preference for a legally binding instrument on prevention of an arms race in outer space, which is universally acceptable, verifiable and multilaterally negotiated in the Conference on Disarmament.","start":4696.97,"end":4708.33,"topics":[{"key":"paros-legal-instrument","label":"Legally Binding PAROS Instrument","description":"A central topic was the call for negotiations on a legally binding, verifiable instrument to prevent an arms race in outer space. Speakers discussed banning the placement of weapons in space, prohibiting attacks on space objects, and using the Conference on Disarmament and the OEWG to advance treaty language."}],"words":[{"text":"Chair,","start":4696.97,"end":4697.21},{"text":"India","start":4697.21,"end":4697.49},{"text":"would","start":4697.49,"end":4697.61},{"text":"like","start":4697.61,"end":4697.85},{"text":"to","start":4697.85,"end":4697.93},{"text":"reiterate","start":4697.93,"end":4698.49},{"text":"our","start":4698.49,"end":4698.57},{"text":"preference","start":4698.57,"end":4699.13},{"text":"for","start":4699.13,"end":4699.69},{"text":"a","start":4699.69,"end":4699.73},{"text":"legally","start":4699.73,"end":4700.17},{"text":"binding","start":4700.17,"end":4700.49},{"text":"instrument","start":4700.49,"end":4700.97},{"text":"on","start":4700.97,"end":4701.37},{"text":"prevention","start":4701.69,"end":4702.09},{"text":"of","start":4702.09,"end":4702.17},{"text":"an","start":4702.17,"end":4702.25},{"text":"arms","start":4702.25,"end":4702.49},{"text":"race","start":4702.49,"end":4702.65},{"text":"in","start":4702.65,"end":4702.81},{"text":"outer","start":4702.81,"end":4702.97},{"text":"space,","start":4702.97,"end":4703.37},{"text":"which","start":4703.61,"end":4703.85},{"text":"is","start":4703.85,"end":4703.93},{"text":"universally","start":4703.93,"end":4704.53},{"text":"acceptable,","start":4704.53,"end":4705.13},{"text":"verifiable","start":4705.29,"end":4705.89},{"text":"and","start":4705.89,"end":4706.01},{"text":"multilaterally","start":4706.01,"end":4706.65},{"text":"negotiated","start":4706.65,"end":4707.21},{"text":"in","start":4707.21,"end":4707.29},{"text":"the","start":4707.29,"end":4707.37},{"text":"Conference","start":4707.37,"end":4707.77},{"text":"on","start":4707.77,"end":4707.85},{"text":"Disarmament.","start":4707.85,"end":4708.33}]},{"text":"We take note of the draft treaty on the prevention of placement of weapons in outer space, which can be a basis for further discussions.","start":4708.73,"end":4714.73,"topics":[{"key":"paros-legal-instrument","label":"Legally Binding PAROS Instrument","description":"A central topic was the call for negotiations on a legally binding, verifiable instrument to prevent an arms race in outer space. Speakers discussed banning the placement of weapons in space, prohibiting attacks on space objects, and using the Conference on Disarmament and the OEWG to advance treaty language."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4708.73,"end":4708.97},{"text":"take","start":4708.97,"end":4709.13},{"text":"note","start":4709.13,"end":4709.53},{"text":"of","start":4709.53,"end":4709.65},{"text":"the","start":4709.65,"end":4709.73},{"text":"draft","start":4709.73,"end":4710.01},{"text":"treaty","start":4710.01,"end":4710.33},{"text":"on","start":4710.33,"end":4710.49},{"text":"the","start":4710.49,"end":4710.57},{"text":"prevention","start":4710.57,"end":4711.01},{"text":"of","start":4711.01,"end":4711.09},{"text":"placement","start":4711.09,"end":4711.49},{"text":"of","start":4711.49,"end":4711.57},{"text":"weapons","start":4711.57,"end":4711.85},{"text":"in","start":4711.85,"end":4711.97},{"text":"outer","start":4711.97,"end":4712.17},{"text":"space,","start":4712.17,"end":4712.57},{"text":"which","start":4712.81,"end":4713.05},{"text":"can","start":4713.05,"end":4713.29},{"text":"be","start":4713.29,"end":4713.41},{"text":"a","start":4713.41,"end":4713.45},{"text":"basis","start":4713.45,"end":4713.77},{"text":"for","start":4713.77,"end":4713.89},{"text":"further","start":4713.89,"end":4714.17},{"text":"discussions.","start":4714.17,"end":4714.73}]},{"text":"India is open to the development of universal and non-discriminatory, non-binding norms and TCBMs, as they can be complementary to a LBI.","start":4715.13,"end":4722.49,"topics":[{"key":"space-behavior-norms","label":"Space Norms and Confidence-Building Measures","description":"Several statements emphasized norms, rules, principles of responsible behavior, transparency, and confidence-building measures as tools to reduce misunderstanding and escalation in space. Many delegations described these measures as practical steps that should complement, and in some cases help prepare, future legal instruments."},{"key":"paros-legal-instrument","label":"Legally Binding PAROS Instrument","description":"A central topic was the call for negotiations on a legally binding, verifiable instrument to prevent an arms race in outer space. Speakers discussed banning the placement of weapons in space, prohibiting attacks on space objects, and using the Conference on Disarmament and the OEWG to advance treaty language."}],"words":[{"text":"India","start":4715.13,"end":4715.37},{"text":"is","start":4715.37,"end":4715.45},{"text":"open","start":4715.45,"end":4715.77},{"text":"to","start":4715.77,"end":4715.85},{"text":"the","start":4715.85,"end":4715.97},{"text":"development","start":4715.97,"end":4716.45},{"text":"of","start":4716.45,"end":4716.57},{"text":"universal","start":4716.57,"end":4717.13},{"text":"and","start":4717.13,"end":4717.33},{"text":"non-discriminatory,","start":4717.33,"end":4718.17},{"text":"non-binding","start":4718.17,"end":4718.81},{"text":"norms","start":4718.81,"end":4719.09},{"text":"and","start":4719.09,"end":4719.21},{"text":"TCBMs,","start":4719.21,"end":4719.93},{"text":"as","start":4720.25,"end":4720.49},{"text":"they","start":4720.49,"end":4720.57},{"text":"can","start":4720.57,"end":4720.81},{"text":"be","start":4720.81,"end":4720.89},{"text":"complementary","start":4720.89,"end":4721.49},{"text":"to","start":4721.49,"end":4721.61},{"text":"a","start":4721.61,"end":4721.65},{"text":"LBI.","start":4721.65,"end":4722.49}]},{"text":"India recognizes that the OEWG on reducing space threats has done important work and that it presents a viable and a practical approach that could be developed further.","start":4723.13,"end":4732.61,"topics":[{"key":"space-behavior-norms","label":"Space Norms and Confidence-Building Measures","description":"Several statements emphasized norms, rules, principles of responsible behavior, transparency, and confidence-building measures as tools to reduce misunderstanding and escalation in space. Many delegations described these measures as practical steps that should complement, and in some cases help prepare, future legal instruments."}],"words":[{"text":"India","start":4723.13,"end":4723.41},{"text":"recognizes","start":4723.41,"end":4724.25},{"text":"that","start":4724.77,"end":4724.85},{"text":"the","start":4724.85,"end":4724.97},{"text":"OEWG","start":4725.01,"end":4725.69},{"text":"on","start":4725.69,"end":4725.77},{"text":"reducing","start":4725.77,"end":4726.13},{"text":"space","start":4726.13,"end":4726.49},{"text":"threats","start":4726.49,"end":4726.93},{"text":"has","start":4727.01,"end":4727.25},{"text":"done","start":4727.25,"end":4727.41},{"text":"important","start":4727.41,"end":4727.81},{"text":"work","start":4727.81,"end":4728.05},{"text":"and","start":4728.29,"end":4728.61},{"text":"that","start":4728.81,"end":4729.17},{"text":"it","start":4729.17,"end":4729.33},{"text":"presents","start":4729.33,"end":4729.81},{"text":"a","start":4729.81,"end":4729.89},{"text":"viable","start":4729.89,"end":4730.37},{"text":"and","start":4730.37,"end":4730.57},{"text":"a","start":4730.57,"end":4730.61},{"text":"practical","start":4730.61,"end":4731.01},{"text":"approach","start":4731.01,"end":4731.33},{"text":"that","start":4731.33,"end":4731.57},{"text":"could","start":4731.57,"end":4731.73},{"text":"be","start":4731.73,"end":4731.85},{"text":"developed","start":4731.85,"end":4732.25},{"text":"further.","start":4732.25,"end":4732.61}]},{"text":"India, however, believes that threats to safety, security, and sustainability of outer space, considerations relating to misunderstanding, miscalculations, and misperceptions, as well as thresholds for what may constitute a use of force in outer space must be considered comprehensively.","start":4733.01,"end":4746.69,"topics":[{"key":"space-behavior-norms","label":"Space Norms and Confidence-Building Measures","description":"Several statements emphasized norms, rules, principles of responsible behavior, transparency, and confidence-building measures as tools to reduce misunderstanding and escalation in space. Many delegations described these measures as practical steps that should complement, and in some cases help prepare, future legal instruments."},{"key":"space-debris-sustainability","label":"Space Debris and Sustainability","description":"The sustainability of the space environment was a recurring concern, especially the creation of debris through destructive anti-satellite tests or deliberate destruction of space systems. Speakers also referred to congestion, debris mitigation, debris removal, and the need to keep space activities safe and predictable over the long term."}],"words":[{"text":"India,","start":4733.01,"end":4733.37},{"text":"however,","start":4733.37,"end":4733.73},{"text":"believes","start":4733.73,"end":4734.21},{"text":"that","start":4734.21,"end":4734.49},{"text":"threats","start":4734.49,"end":4734.77},{"text":"to","start":4734.77,"end":4734.85},{"text":"safety,","start":4734.85,"end":4735.25},{"text":"security,","start":4735.25,"end":4735.77},{"text":"and","start":4735.77,"end":4735.89},{"text":"sustainability","start":4735.89,"end":4736.49},{"text":"of","start":4736.49,"end":4736.61},{"text":"outer","start":4736.61,"end":4736.85},{"text":"space,","start":4736.85,"end":4737.25},{"text":"considerations","start":4737.61,"end":4738.45},{"text":"relating","start":4738.45,"end":4739.01},{"text":"to","start":4739.01,"end":4739.13},{"text":"misunderstanding,","start":4739.17,"end":4739.97},{"text":"miscalculations,","start":4739.97,"end":4740.81},{"text":"and","start":4740.81,"end":4740.93},{"text":"misperceptions,","start":4740.93,"end":4741.65},{"text":"as","start":4741.97,"end":4742.13},{"text":"well","start":4742.13,"end":4742.33},{"text":"as","start":4742.33,"end":4742.45},{"text":"thresholds","start":4742.45,"end":4742.97},{"text":"for","start":4742.97,"end":4743.09},{"text":"what","start":4743.09,"end":4743.33},{"text":"may","start":4743.33,"end":4743.41},{"text":"constitute","start":4743.41,"end":4743.93},{"text":"a","start":4743.93,"end":4743.97},{"text":"use","start":4743.97,"end":4744.17},{"text":"of","start":4744.17,"end":4744.25},{"text":"force","start":4744.25,"end":4744.49},{"text":"in","start":4744.49,"end":4744.61},{"text":"outer","start":4744.61,"end":4744.85},{"text":"space","start":4744.85,"end":4745.17},{"text":"must","start":4745.17,"end":4745.41},{"text":"be","start":4745.41,"end":4745.53},{"text":"considered","start":4745.53,"end":4745.89},{"text":"comprehensively.","start":4745.89,"end":4746.69}]},{"text":"A selective focus on certain space threats over others will be counterproductive.","start":4747.17,"end":4750.85,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"A","start":4747.17,"end":4747.21},{"text":"selective","start":4747.21,"end":4747.61},{"text":"focus","start":4747.61,"end":4748.05},{"text":"on","start":4748.05,"end":4748.21},{"text":"certain","start":4748.21,"end":4748.57},{"text":"space","start":4748.57,"end":4748.85},{"text":"threats","start":4748.85,"end":4749.25},{"text":"over","start":4749.25,"end":4749.49},{"text":"others","start":4749.49,"end":4749.81},{"text":"will","start":4749.81,"end":4749.97},{"text":"be","start":4749.97,"end":4750.05},{"text":"counterproductive.","start":4750.05,"end":4750.85}]},{"text":"We have highlighted challenges about the subjectivity involved in the determination of what constitutes a behavior and its further classification into responsible and irresponsible.","start":4751.73,"end":4760.45,"topics":[{"key":"space-behavior-norms","label":"Space Norms and Confidence-Building Measures","description":"Several statements emphasized norms, rules, principles of responsible behavior, transparency, and confidence-building measures as tools to reduce misunderstanding and escalation in space. 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Many delegations described these measures as practical steps that should complement, and in some cases help prepare, future legal instruments."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4913.77,"end":4913.89},{"text":"need","start":4913.89,"end":4914.13},{"text":"to","start":4914.13,"end":4914.29},{"text":"promote","start":4914.29,"end":4914.65},{"text":"international","start":4914.65,"end":4915.29},{"text":"dialogue","start":4915.29,"end":4915.85},{"text":"and","start":4915.85,"end":4916.05},{"text":"the","start":4916.05,"end":4916.13},{"text":"exchange","start":4916.13,"end":4916.49},{"text":"of","start":4916.49,"end":4916.57},{"text":"information.","start":4916.57,"end":4917.37}]},{"text":"We need to adopt confidence building measures and best practices that preserve the outer space for future generations, guarantee the absence of threats of the use of force in the outer space and prohibit the placement of any kind of weapons in outer space, and also make sure that states can develop the domain for peaceful purposes.","start":4917.37,"end":4943.53,"topics":[{"key":"paros-legal-instrument","label":"Legally Binding PAROS Instrument","description":"A central topic was the call for negotiations on a legally binding, verifiable instrument to prevent an arms race in outer space. 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now call on the representative of the Russian Federation for the first intervention.","start":5157.37,"end":5162.77,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":5157.37,"end":5157.45},{"text":"now","start":5157.45,"end":5157.69},{"text":"call","start":5157.69,"end":5158.05},{"text":"on","start":5158.05,"end":5158.17},{"text":"the","start":5158.17,"end":5158.33},{"text":"representative","start":5158.57,"end":5159.53},{"text":"of","start":5159.53,"end":5159.61},{"text":"the","start":5159.61,"end":5159.77},{"text":"Russian","start":5159.77,"end":5160.25},{"text":"Federation","start":5160.25,"end":5161.05},{"text":"for","start":5161.29,"end":5161.49},{"text":"the","start":5161.61,"end":5161.69},{"text":"first","start":5161.69,"end":5162.17},{"text":"intervention.","start":5162.17,"end":5162.77}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"1st Committee","affiliation_full":"1st 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was planned activity by the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation that we conduct to ensure that we are events capable and the prevention of sudden damage to our security on the ground and in space by space objects by other states who are actively intent on deploying weapons in outer space and the use of outer space so as to conduct armed hostilities.","start":5225.09,"end":5254.85,"topics":[{"key":"paros-legal-instrument","label":"Legally Binding PAROS Instrument","description":"A central topic was the call for negotiations on a legally binding, verifiable instrument to prevent an arms race in outer space. 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Following the Iranian statement, which was distorted and filled with lies, we are compelled to remind the room of the malign activities of the Iranian regime in outer space, which undermine UN Security Council resolutions, foster instability in the Middle East, and pose a great threat to international peace and security.","start":5449.09,"end":5470.97,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-space-use","label":"Peaceful Use of Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space is a global commons or common heritage of humankind and must be used exclusively for peaceful purposes. 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floor to the representative of Iran.","start":5516.41,"end":5519.37,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":5516.41,"end":5516.49},{"text":"give","start":5516.49,"end":5516.73},{"text":"the","start":5516.73,"end":5516.89},{"text":"floor","start":5516.89,"end":5517.13},{"text":"to","start":5517.13,"end":5517.33},{"text":"the","start":5517.33,"end":5517.41},{"text":"representative","start":5517.69,"end":5518.49},{"text":"of","start":5518.49,"end":5518.89},{"text":"Iran.","start":5518.89,"end":5519.37}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"1st Committee","affiliation_full":"1st Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":65,"start":5521.89,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c1/80/17?lang=en&t=5522","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Mr. Chair.","start":5521.89,"end":5522.77,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":5521.89,"end":5522.05},{"text":"you,","start":5522.05,"end":5522.13},{"text":"Mr.","start":5522.13,"end":5522.41},{"text":"Chair.","start":5522.41,"end":5522.77}]},{"text":"We categorically reject the baseless allegations made by the representative of the Israeli regime.","start":5522.93,"end":5527.89,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":5522.93,"end":5523.25},{"text":"categorically","start":5523.25,"end":5523.97},{"text":"reject","start":5523.97,"end":5524.37},{"text":"the","start":5524.37,"end":5524.45},{"text":"baseless","start":5524.45,"end":5524.93},{"text":"allegations","start":5524.93,"end":5525.57},{"text":"made","start":5525.57,"end":5525.81},{"text":"by","start":5525.81,"end":5525.97},{"text":"the","start":5525.97,"end":5526.05},{"text":"representative","start":5526.05,"end":5526.85},{"text":"of","start":5526.85,"end":5526.93},{"text":"the","start":5526.93,"end":5527.05},{"text":"Israeli","start":5527.05,"end":5527.41},{"text":"regime.","start":5527.41,"end":5527.89}]},{"text":"It is both ironic and absurd that a regime with a long record of aggression, occupation, genocide, and violation of international law dares to lecture others on legal and technical matters.","start":5528.21,"end":5539.81,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"It","start":5528.21,"end":5528.41},{"text":"is","start":5528.41,"end":5528.53},{"text":"both","start":5528.53,"end":5528.81},{"text":"ironic","start":5528.85,"end":5529.41},{"text":"and","start":5529.49,"end":5529.85},{"text":"absurd","start":5529.85,"end":5530.49},{"text":"that","start":5530.49,"end":5530.69},{"text":"a","start":5530.69,"end":5530.73},{"text":"regime","start":5530.73,"end":5531.17},{"text":"with","start":5531.17,"end":5531.33},{"text":"a","start":5531.33,"end":5531.37},{"text":"long","start":5531.37,"end":5531.69},{"text":"record","start":5531.69,"end":5532.05},{"text":"of","start":5532.05,"end":5532.21},{"text":"aggression,","start":5532.21,"end":5532.93},{"text":"occupation,","start":5532.93,"end":5533.65},{"text":"genocide,","start":5533.65,"end":5534.29},{"text":"and","start":5534.69,"end":5534.89},{"text":"violation","start":5534.89,"end":5535.37},{"text":"of","start":5535.37,"end":5535.49},{"text":"international","start":5535.49,"end":5536.49},{"text":"law","start":5536.49,"end":5536.57},{"text":"dares","start":5536.61,"end":5536.93},{"text":"to","start":5536.93,"end":5537.09},{"text":"lecture","start":5537.09,"end":5537.65},{"text":"others","start":5537.73,"end":5538.21},{"text":"on","start":5538.21,"end":5538.33},{"text":"legal","start":5538.33,"end":5538.69},{"text":"and","start":5538.69,"end":5538.89},{"text":"technical","start":5538.89,"end":5539.33},{"text":"matters.","start":5539.33,"end":5539.81}]},{"text":"Once again, we strongly condemn the hostile and unlawful use of outer space.","start":5540.37,"end":5545.89,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-space-use","label":"Peaceful Use of Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space is a global commons or common heritage of humankind and must be used exclusively for peaceful purposes. 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They linked this principle to non-appropriation, equal access, and the obligation to preserve space for the benefit of all states and future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"Such","start":5553.97,"end":5554.77},{"text":"action","start":5554.77,"end":5555.33},{"text":"endanger","start":5556.17,"end":5556.77},{"text":"international","start":5556.77,"end":5557.41},{"text":"peace","start":5557.41,"end":5557.69},{"text":"and","start":5557.69,"end":5557.81},{"text":"security","start":5557.81,"end":5558.37},{"text":"and","start":5558.37,"end":5558.57},{"text":"must","start":5558.57,"end":5558.81},{"text":"not","start":5558.81,"end":5559.09},{"text":"go","start":5559.49,"end":5559.81},{"text":"unanswered.","start":5559.81,"end":5560.61}]},{"text":"Those responsible must be held fully accountable.","start":5560.77,"end":5564.01,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Those","start":5560.77,"end":5561.09},{"text":"responsible","start":5561.09,"end":5561.81},{"text":"must","start":5562.13,"end":5562.53},{"text":"be","start":5562.53,"end":5562.61},{"text":"held","start":5562.61,"end":5563.01},{"text":"fully","start":5563.01,"end":5563.37},{"text":"accountable.","start":5563.37,"end":5564.01}]},{"text":"Mr. Chair, international law imposes no restriction on the peaceful scientific and technological activities of Iran or any other sovereign state in the field of space research and exploration.","start":5564.77,"end":5575.73,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-space-use","label":"Peaceful Use of Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space is a global commons or common heritage of humankind and must be used exclusively for peaceful purposes. They linked this principle to non-appropriation, equal access, and the obligation to preserve space for the benefit of all states and future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":5564.77,"end":5565.09},{"text":"Chair,","start":5565.09,"end":5565.41},{"text":"international","start":5565.41,"end":5566.17},{"text":"law","start":5566.17,"end":5566.37},{"text":"imposes","start":5566.37,"end":5567.09},{"text":"no","start":5567.09,"end":5567.41},{"text":"restriction","start":5567.41,"end":5568.05},{"text":"on","start":5568.05,"end":5568.21},{"text":"the","start":5568.21,"end":5568.33},{"text":"peaceful","start":5568.33,"end":5568.77},{"text":"scientific","start":5568.77,"end":5569.41},{"text":"and","start":5569.41,"end":5569.57},{"text":"technological","start":5569.57,"end":5570.21},{"text":"activities","start":5570.21,"end":5570.77},{"text":"of","start":5570.77,"end":5570.97},{"text":"Iran","start":5570.97,"end":5571.41},{"text":"or","start":5571.57,"end":5571.89},{"text":"any","start":5571.89,"end":5572.21},{"text":"other","start":5572.21,"end":5572.49},{"text":"sovereign","start":5572.49,"end":5572.89},{"text":"state","start":5572.89,"end":5573.25},{"text":"in","start":5573.25,"end":5573.41},{"text":"the","start":5573.41,"end":5573.53},{"text":"field","start":5573.53,"end":5573.89},{"text":"of","start":5573.89,"end":5574.05},{"text":"space","start":5574.05,"end":5574.45},{"text":"research","start":5574.45,"end":5574.85},{"text":"and","start":5574.85,"end":5574.97},{"text":"exploration.","start":5574.97,"end":5575.73}]},{"text":"Iran's space program is entirely transparent, peaceful, and consistent with international law.","start":5576.33,"end":5582.85,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-space-use","label":"Peaceful Use of Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space is a global commons or common heritage of humankind and must be used exclusively for peaceful purposes. They linked this principle to non-appropriation, equal access, and the obligation to preserve space for the benefit of all states and future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"Iran's","start":5576.33,"end":5576.81},{"text":"space","start":5576.81,"end":5577.09},{"text":"program","start":5577.09,"end":5577.49},{"text":"is","start":5577.49,"end":5577.73},{"text":"entirely","start":5577.73,"end":5578.33},{"text":"transparent,","start":5578.33,"end":5579.41},{"text":"peaceful,","start":5579.41,"end":5580.05},{"text":"and","start":5580.05,"end":5580.29},{"text":"consistent","start":5580.29,"end":5580.89},{"text":"with","start":5580.89,"end":5581.09},{"text":"international","start":5581.09,"end":5582.13},{"text":"law.","start":5582.77,"end":5582.85}]},{"text":"Regarding our missile program, I must emphasize that it is a conventional and legitimate defensive capability.","start":5583.01,"end":5590.05,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Regarding","start":5583.01,"end":5583.57},{"text":"our","start":5583.57,"end":5583.81},{"text":"missile","start":5583.81,"end":5584.37},{"text":"program,","start":5584.61,"end":5585.17},{"text":"I","start":5585.17,"end":5585.41},{"text":"must","start":5585.41,"end":5585.65},{"text":"emphasize","start":5585.65,"end":5586.29},{"text":"that","start":5586.29,"end":5586.61},{"text":"it","start":5586.61,"end":5586.85},{"text":"is","start":5586.85,"end":5587.01},{"text":"a","start":5587.01,"end":5587.05},{"text":"conventional","start":5587.05,"end":5587.89},{"text":"and","start":5587.89,"end":5588.09},{"text":"legitimate","start":5588.09,"end":5588.61},{"text":"defensive","start":5588.61,"end":5589.17},{"text":"capability.","start":5589.17,"end":5590.05}]},{"text":"Our missiles are designed solely to deter acts of aggression, such as those committed by the Israeli regime in June 2025, and to safeguard our people and sovereignty.","start":5590.45,"end":5602.37,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Our","start":5590.45,"end":5590.69},{"text":"missiles","start":5590.69,"end":5591.25},{"text":"are","start":5591.25,"end":5591.45},{"text":"designed","start":5591.45,"end":5591.89},{"text":"solely","start":5591.89,"end":5592.37},{"text":"to","start":5592.37,"end":5592.53},{"text":"deter","start":5592.53,"end":5593.17},{"text":"acts","start":5593.57,"end":5593.97},{"text":"of","start":5593.97,"end":5594.09},{"text":"aggression,","start":5594.09,"end":5594.77},{"text":"such","start":5595.17,"end":5595.49},{"text":"as","start":5595.49,"end":5595.73},{"text":"those","start":5595.73,"end":5596.05},{"text":"committed","start":5596.05,"end":5596.69},{"text":"by","start":5596.69,"end":5596.85},{"text":"the","start":5596.85,"end":5596.97},{"text":"Israeli","start":5596.97,"end":5597.29},{"text":"regime","start":5597.29,"end":5597.89},{"text":"in","start":5597.89,"end":5598.21},{"text":"June","start":5598.29,"end":5598.61},{"text":"2025,","start":5598.61,"end":5599.73},{"text":"and","start":5599.81,"end":5600.13},{"text":"to","start":5600.13,"end":5600.25},{"text":"safeguard","start":5600.25,"end":5600.85},{"text":"our","start":5600.85,"end":5601.09},{"text":"people","start":5601.09,"end":5601.41},{"text":"and","start":5601.41,"end":5601.65},{"text":"sovereignty.","start":5601.65,"end":5602.37}]},{"text":"Any attempt to portray this as a threat is deceptive, politically motivated, and aimed at undermining Iran's inherent right to self-defense under the UN Charter.","start":5603.65,"end":5615.65,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Any","start":5603.65,"end":5603.85},{"text":"attempt","start":5603.85,"end":5604.33},{"text":"to","start":5604.33,"end":5604.41},{"text":"portray","start":5604.41,"end":5604.93},{"text":"this","start":5604.93,"end":5605.33},{"text":"as","start":5605.49,"end":5605.93},{"text":"a","start":5605.93,"end":5605.97},{"text":"threat","start":5605.97,"end":5606.45},{"text":"is","start":5606.45,"end":5606.85},{"text":"deceptive,","start":5606.85,"end":5607.65},{"text":"politically","start":5607.65,"end":5608.21},{"text":"motivated,","start":5608.21,"end":5608.93},{"text":"and","start":5609.01,"end":5609.29},{"text":"aimed","start":5609.29,"end":5609.65},{"text":"at","start":5609.65,"end":5609.93},{"text":"undermining","start":5609.93,"end":5610.61},{"text":"Iran's","start":5610.61,"end":5611.45},{"text":"inherent","start":5611.57,"end":5612.53},{"text":"right","start":5612.53,"end":5613.09},{"text":"to","start":5613.17,"end":5613.29},{"text":"self-defense","start":5613.29,"end":5614.21},{"text":"under","start":5614.21,"end":5614.61},{"text":"the","start":5614.61,"end":5614.77},{"text":"UN","start":5614.77,"end":5615.09},{"text":"Charter.","start":5615.09,"end":5615.65}]},{"text":"Linking Iran's peaceful satellite launches to a ballistic missile development is yet another baseless pretext, an excuse to justify pressure, sanctions, and hostility toward my country.","start":5616.37,"end":5629.65,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-space-use","label":"Peaceful Use of Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space is a global commons or common heritage of humankind and must be used exclusively for peaceful purposes. 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thank you, Mr. Chair.","start":5645.05,"end":5646.01,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":5645.05,"end":5645.21},{"text":"thank","start":5645.21,"end":5645.45},{"text":"you,","start":5645.45,"end":5645.53},{"text":"Mr.","start":5645.53,"end":5645.77},{"text":"Chair.","start":5645.77,"end":5646.01}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"IRN","affiliation_full":"Iran (Islamic Republic of)","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":66,"start":5649.61,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c1/80/17?lang=en&t=5650","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the representative of Iran for his 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floor.","start":5678.93,"end":5680.45,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":5678.93,"end":5679.13},{"text":"you,","start":5679.13,"end":5679.25},{"text":"Chair,","start":5679.25,"end":5679.45},{"text":"for","start":5679.45,"end":5679.57},{"text":"giving","start":5679.57,"end":5679.77},{"text":"me","start":5679.77,"end":5679.89},{"text":"the","start":5679.89,"end":5680.01},{"text":"floor.","start":5680.01,"end":5680.45}]},{"text":"Colleagues, in response to claims made by the Russian Federation in its multiple statements during the outer space cluster, which can only be described as dishonest, misleading, and false, I am compelled to 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baseless accusations that we have just heard from the delegation of the United States.","start":5939.65,"end":5948.57,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":5939.65,"end":5939.69},{"text":"wish","start":5939.69,"end":5939.85},{"text":"to","start":5939.85,"end":5940.01},{"text":"reject","start":5940.25,"end":5940.81},{"text":"all","start":5940.81,"end":5941.01},{"text":"of","start":5941.01,"end":5941.13},{"text":"the","start":5941.13,"end":5941.21},{"text":"insinuations","start":5941.21,"end":5942.49},{"text":"and","start":5943.09,"end":5943.29},{"text":"baseless","start":5943.29,"end":5943.77},{"text":"accusations","start":5943.77,"end":5944.49},{"text":"that","start":5944.49,"end":5944.65},{"text":"we","start":5944.65,"end":5944.89},{"text":"have","start":5944.89,"end":5945.21},{"text":"just","start":5945.21,"end":5945.85},{"text":"heard","start":5946.01,"end":5946.73},{"text":"from","start":5946.73,"end":5946.97},{"text":"the","start":5946.97,"end":5947.09},{"text":"delegation","start":5947.09,"end":5947.57},{"text":"of","start":5947.57,"end":5947.65},{"text":"the","start":5947.65,"end":5947.73},{"text":"United","start":5947.73,"end":5948.13},{"text":"States.","start":5948.13,"end":5948.57}]},{"text":"And we would like to yet once again repeat to the delegate of the United States and say that Russia is fully in compliance with its international obligations when it comes to outer space law, including the Outer Space Treaty of 1967 in its entirety, including all of its articles, including Article IV of the treaty.","start":5949.29,"end":5969.85,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-space-use","label":"Peaceful Use of Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space is a global commons or common heritage of humankind and must be used exclusively for peaceful purposes. 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have provided a very detailed clarification on all of the issues raised by the United States having to do with our outer space 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are located at the internet site of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, provides detailed explanations as regards the purposes of these activities and the individual aspects of how it was 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as regards the test that was mentioned here, we would like to recall for the delegate of the United States that there, again, this was conducted fully in line with our international obligations.","start":6019.05,"end":6030.09,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Now,","start":6019.05,"end":6019.29},{"text":"as","start":6019.85,"end":6020.17},{"text":"regards","start":6020.17,"end":6020.73},{"text":"the","start":6020.73,"end":6020.89},{"text":"test","start":6020.89,"end":6021.61},{"text":"that","start":6021.61,"end":6021.85},{"text":"was","start":6021.85,"end":6022.09},{"text":"mentioned","start":6022.09,"end":6022.57},{"text":"here,","start":6022.57,"end":6022.81},{"text":"we","start":6022.81,"end":6022.89},{"text":"would","start":6022.89,"end":6023.13},{"text":"like","start":6023.13,"end":6023.37},{"text":"to","start":6023.37,"end":6023.61},{"text":"recall","start":6023.61,"end":6024.33},{"text":"for","start":6024.33,"end":6024.73},{"text":"the","start":6024.89,"end":6024.97},{"text":"delegate","start":6024.97,"end":6025.53},{"text":"of","start":6025.53,"end":6025.61},{"text":"the","start":6025.61,"end":6025.69},{"text":"United","start":6025.69,"end":6026.09},{"text":"States","start":6026.09,"end":6026.41},{"text":"that","start":6026.41,"end":6026.57},{"text":"there,","start":6026.57,"end":6026.85},{"text":"again,","start":6026.85,"end":6027.25},{"text":"this","start":6027.25,"end":6027.45},{"text":"was","start":6027.45,"end":6027.61},{"text":"conducted","start":6027.61,"end":6028.09},{"text":"fully","start":6028.09,"end":6028.29},{"text":"in","start":6028.29,"end":6028.41},{"text":"line","start":6028.41,"end":6028.65},{"text":"with","start":6028.65,"end":6028.81},{"text":"our","start":6028.81,"end":6028.89},{"text":"international","start":6028.89,"end":6029.45},{"text":"obligations.","start":6029.45,"end":6030.09}]},{"text":"Additionally, I would like to emphasize yet once again that the prevention of armed race in outer space is, for us, a unquestionable priority.","start":6030.93,"end":6040.37,"topics":[{"key":"paros-legal-instrument","label":"Legally Binding PAROS Instrument","description":"A central topic was the call for negotiations on a legally binding, verifiable instrument to prevent an arms race in outer space. 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Speakers discussed banning the placement of weapons in space, prohibiting attacks on space objects, and using the Conference on Disarmament and the OEWG to advance treaty language."}],"words":[{"text":"China","start":6170.13,"end":6170.61},{"text":"maintains","start":6171.65,"end":6172.25},{"text":"that","start":6172.25,"end":6172.37},{"text":"it","start":6172.37,"end":6172.45},{"text":"is","start":6172.45,"end":6172.61},{"text":"necessary","start":6172.61,"end":6173.17},{"text":"to","start":6173.17,"end":6173.49},{"text":"conclude","start":6173.89,"end":6174.45},{"text":"a","start":6174.45,"end":6174.49},{"text":"legally","start":6174.49,"end":6175.09},{"text":"binding","start":6175.09,"end":6175.73},{"text":"instrument","start":6175.89,"end":6176.45},{"text":"on","start":6176.61,"end":6176.69},{"text":"the","start":6176.69,"end":6176.77},{"text":"prevention","start":6176.77,"end":6177.33},{"text":"of","start":6177.33,"end":6177.49},{"text":"such","start":6177.49,"end":6177.65},{"text":"arms","start":6177.65,"end":6177.89},{"text":"race.","start":6177.89,"end":6178.21}]},{"text":"China has proposed the PPWT draft solely for this purpose.","start":6178.69,"end":6183.09,"topics":[{"key":"paros-legal-instrument","label":"Legally Binding PAROS Instrument","description":"A central topic was the call for negotiations on a legally binding, verifiable instrument to prevent an arms race in outer space. 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Speakers discussed banning the placement of weapons in space, prohibiting attacks on space objects, and using the Conference on Disarmament and the OEWG to advance treaty language."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":6205.01,"end":6205.17},{"text":"PPWT","start":6205.17,"end":6205.97},{"text":"draft","start":6205.97,"end":6206.33},{"text":"is","start":6206.33,"end":6206.53},{"text":"open","start":6206.53,"end":6206.85},{"text":"to","start":6206.85,"end":6207.09},{"text":"all","start":6207.09,"end":6207.17},{"text":"countries.","start":6207.17,"end":6207.65}]},{"text":"We welcome inputs and proposals from all states.","start":6207.65,"end":6211.17,"topics":[{"key":"paros-legal-instrument","label":"Legally Binding PAROS Instrument","description":"A central topic was the call for negotiations on a legally binding, verifiable instrument to prevent an arms race in outer space. Speakers discussed banning the placement of weapons in space, prohibiting attacks on space objects, and using the Conference on Disarmament and the OEWG to advance treaty language."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":6207.65,"end":6207.97},{"text":"welcome","start":6207.97,"end":6208.53},{"text":"inputs","start":6208.77,"end":6209.41},{"text":"and","start":6209.41,"end":6209.81},{"text":"proposals","start":6209.81,"end":6210.37},{"text":"from","start":6210.37,"end":6210.61},{"text":"all","start":6210.61,"end":6210.69},{"text":"states.","start":6210.69,"end":6211.17}]},{"text":"We hope that all parties will work in synergy work toward the same goal, that is to prevent the arms race in outer space and the placement of weapons in outer space, focus on discussing the legal elements of such an instrument, and make a concrete contribution to the conclusion of such an instrument and contribute to the maintenance of stability in outer space.","start":6212.53,"end":6235.73,"topics":[{"key":"paros-legal-instrument","label":"Legally Binding PAROS Instrument","description":"A central topic was the call for negotiations on a legally binding, verifiable instrument to prevent an arms race in outer space. Speakers discussed banning the placement of weapons in space, prohibiting attacks on space objects, and using the Conference on Disarmament and the OEWG to advance treaty language."},{"key":"space-behavior-norms","label":"Space Norms and Confidence-Building Measures","description":"Several statements emphasized norms, rules, principles of responsible behavior, transparency, and confidence-building measures as tools to reduce misunderstanding and escalation in space. Many delegations described these measures as practical steps that should complement, and in some cases help prepare, future legal instruments."},{"key":"space-debris-sustainability","label":"Space Debris and Sustainability","description":"The sustainability of the space environment was a recurring concern, especially the creation of debris through destructive anti-satellite tests or deliberate destruction of space systems. Speakers also referred to congestion, debris mitigation, debris removal, and the need to keep space activities safe and predictable over the long 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you, Chair.","start":6235.81,"end":6236.37,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":6235.81,"end":6236.05},{"text":"you,","start":6236.05,"end":6236.13},{"text":"Chair.","start":6236.13,"end":6236.37}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"CHN","affiliation_full":"China","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":74,"start":6239.57,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c1/80/17?lang=en&t=6240","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the representative of China for his intervention.","start":6239.57,"end":6243.81,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":6239.57,"end":6239.81},{"text":"thank","start":6239.81,"end":6240.13},{"text":"the","start":6240.13,"end":6240.21},{"text":"representative","start":6240.21,"end":6240.93},{"text":"of","start":6241.09,"end":6241.17},{"text":"China","start":6241.25,"end":6241.69},{"text":"for","start":6241.69,"end":6242.13},{"text":"his","start":6242.93,"end":6243.13},{"text":"intervention.","start":6243.13,"end":6243.81}]},{"text":"And Distinguished delegates, the Committee will now begin its thematic discussion under the cluster of other disarmament measures and international 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will hear the briefing by the Chair of the Open-ended Working Group on Security of and in the Use of Information and Communications Technologies today at 3:00 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first speaker on the list of speakers is the distinguished representative of Indonesia on behalf of the Non-Aligned 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Committee","affiliation_full":"1st Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":75,"start":6277.65,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c1/80/17?lang=en&t=6278","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Mr. Chair.","start":6277.65,"end":6278.61,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":6277.65,"end":6277.81},{"text":"you,","start":6277.81,"end":6277.89},{"text":"Mr.","start":6277.89,"end":6278.13},{"text":"Chair.","start":6278.13,"end":6278.61}]},{"text":"I'm pleased to speak on behalf of the Non-Aligned 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environment.","start":6283.17,"end":6306.57,"topics":[{"key":"cyber-governance","label":"Cyberspace Governance and Responsible State Behaviour","description":"A major cyber topic was the implementation of the UN framework on responsible state behavior in cyberspace and the transition from the ICT OEWG to a permanent global mechanism. 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this cluster, NAM is presenting the following three draft resolutions and will welcome support from all Member States.","start":6462.21,"end":6468.37,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Under","start":6462.21,"end":6462.45},{"text":"this","start":6462.45,"end":6462.61},{"text":"cluster,","start":6462.61,"end":6463.09},{"text":"NAM","start":6463.09,"end":6463.33},{"text":"is","start":6463.33,"end":6463.49},{"text":"presenting","start":6463.49,"end":6464.05},{"text":"the","start":6464.05,"end":6464.13},{"text":"following","start":6464.13,"end":6464.69},{"text":"three","start":6464.69,"end":6465.01},{"text":"draft","start":6465.01,"end":6465.33},{"text":"resolutions","start":6465.33,"end":6465.97},{"text":"and","start":6465.97,"end":6466.21},{"text":"will","start":6466.21,"end":6466.37},{"text":"welcome","start":6466.37,"end":6466.85},{"text":"support","start":6466.85,"end":6467.25},{"text":"from","start":6467.25,"end":6467.49},{"text":"all","start":6467.49,"end":6467.65},{"text":"Member","start":6467.65,"end":6467.97},{"text":"States.","start":6467.97,"end":6468.37}]},{"text":"First, observance of environmental norms in the drafting and implementation of agreements on disarmament and arms control.","start":6468.69,"end":6475.73,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"First,","start":6468.69,"end":6469.17},{"text":"observance","start":6469.33,"end":6470.05},{"text":"of","start":6470.05,"end":6470.29},{"text":"environmental","start":6470.53,"end":6471.21},{"text":"norms","start":6471.21,"end":6471.65},{"text":"in","start":6471.65,"end":6471.77},{"text":"the","start":6471.77,"end":6471.85},{"text":"drafting","start":6471.85,"end":6472.33},{"text":"and","start":6472.33,"end":6472.45},{"text":"implementation","start":6472.45,"end":6473.25},{"text":"of","start":6473.25,"end":6473.41},{"text":"agreements","start":6473.41,"end":6474.05},{"text":"on","start":6474.05,"end":6474.13},{"text":"disarmament","start":6474.13,"end":6474.81},{"text":"and","start":6474.81,"end":6475.01},{"text":"arms","start":6475.01,"end":6475.25},{"text":"control.","start":6475.25,"end":6475.73}]},{"text":"Second, promotion of multilateralism in the area of disarmament and non-proliferation.","start":6476.13,"end":6481.17,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Second,","start":6476.13,"end":6476.69},{"text":"promotion","start":6477.01,"end":6477.57},{"text":"of","start":6477.57,"end":6477.73},{"text":"multilateralism","start":6477.73,"end":6478.69},{"text":"in","start":6478.69,"end":6478.81},{"text":"the","start":6478.81,"end":6478.89},{"text":"area","start":6478.89,"end":6479.29},{"text":"of","start":6479.29,"end":6479.41},{"text":"disarmament","start":6479.41,"end":6480.09},{"text":"and","start":6480.09,"end":6480.25},{"text":"non-proliferation.","start":6480.25,"end":6481.17}]},{"text":"And third, relationship between disarmament and development.","start":6481.17,"end":6484.69,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":6481.17,"end":6481.45},{"text":"third,","start":6481.45,"end":6481.73},{"text":"relationship","start":6481.73,"end":6482.85},{"text":"between","start":6482.85,"end":6483.17},{"text":"disarmament","start":6483.17,"end":6483.85},{"text":"and","start":6483.85,"end":6484.01},{"text":"development.","start":6484.01,"end":6484.69}]},{"text":"The full version of this statement will be uploaded in the UN journal.","start":6485.09,"end":6489.01,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":6485.09,"end":6485.25},{"text":"full","start":6485.25,"end":6485.41},{"text":"version","start":6485.41,"end":6485.97},{"text":"of","start":6485.97,"end":6486.21},{"text":"this","start":6486.21,"end":6486.41},{"text":"statement","start":6486.41,"end":6487.09},{"text":"will","start":6487.09,"end":6487.33},{"text":"be","start":6487.33,"end":6487.45},{"text":"uploaded","start":6487.45,"end":6487.97},{"text":"in","start":6487.97,"end":6488.13},{"text":"the","start":6488.13,"end":6488.21},{"text":"UN","start":6488.21,"end":6488.53},{"text":"journal.","start":6488.53,"end":6489.01}]},{"text":"I thank you, Mr. Chair.","start":6489.09,"end":6490.05,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":6489.09,"end":6489.25},{"text":"thank","start":6489.25,"end":6489.45},{"text":"you,","start":6489.45,"end":6489.53},{"text":"Mr.","start":6489.53,"end":6489.85},{"text":"Chair.","start":6489.85,"end":6490.05}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"IDN","affiliation_full":"Indonesia","group":"NAM","function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":76,"start":6491.69,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c1/80/17?lang=en&t=6492","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the representative of Indonesia for her statement.","start":6491.69,"end":6494.73,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":6491.69,"end":6491.7},{"text":"thank","start":6491.69,"end":6492.01},{"text":"the","start":6492.01,"end":6492.17},{"text":"representative","start":6492.17,"end":6492.97},{"text":"of","start":6493.09,"end":6493.17},{"text":"Indonesia","start":6493.29,"end":6493.77},{"text":"for","start":6493.77,"end":6493.93},{"text":"her","start":6493.93,"end":6494.09},{"text":"statement.","start":6494.09,"end":6494.73}]},{"text":"Now the floor to His Excellency, Deputy Permanent Representative of Oman, on behalf of the Arab 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Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":77,"start":6503.37,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c1/80/17?lang=en&t=6504","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Mr. Chair, please allow me to first of all express our solidarity with a statement made by the 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measures, we affirm that the implementation of agreed solutions within the multilateral framework based on international law and the Charter is the only sustainable mean to deal with disarmament issues in international 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the area of ICT, we would like to express our concern, uh, regarding the undermining and the improper use of the ICT to sabotage it, um, its impact for international peace and security when this is done by international terrorist groups and states.","start":6592.05,"end":6611.09,"topics":[{"key":"cyber-governance","label":"Cyberspace Governance and Responsible State Behaviour","description":"A major cyber topic was the implementation of the UN framework on responsible state behavior in cyberspace and the transition from the ICT OEWG to a permanent global mechanism. Speakers supported continued multilateral work on norms, confidence-building, points of contact, and practical cooperation under UN auspices."},{"key":"cyber-law-application","label":"International Law in Cyberspace","description":"Numerous delegations reaffirmed that international law applies to state conduct in cyberspace, including the UN Charter, international humanitarian law, human rights law, and the law of state responsibility. They called for deeper common understanding of how these rules apply to cyber operations, especially during armed conflict and incidents affecting critical infrastructure."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":6592.05,"end":6592.13},{"text":"the","start":6592.13,"end":6592.25},{"text":"area","start":6592.25,"end":6592.61},{"text":"of","start":6592.61,"end":6592.85},{"text":"ICT,","start":6592.85,"end":6593.57},{"text":"we","start":6593.57,"end":6593.73},{"text":"would","start":6593.73,"end":6593.89},{"text":"like","start":6593.89,"end":6594.13},{"text":"to","start":6594.13,"end":6594.21},{"text":"express","start":6594.21,"end":6594.61},{"text":"our","start":6594.61,"end":6594.77},{"text":"concern,","start":6594.77,"end":6595.73},{"text":"uh,","start":6596.37,"end":6596.41},{"text":"regarding","start":6596.41,"end":6598.05},{"text":"the","start":6598.05,"end":6598.25},{"text":"undermining","start":6598.29,"end":6599.41},{"text":"and","start":6599.49,"end":6599.77},{"text":"the","start":6599.77,"end":6599.85},{"text":"improper","start":6599.85,"end":6600.53},{"text":"use","start":6600.53,"end":6600.93},{"text":"of","start":6600.93,"end":6601.17},{"text":"the","start":6601.17,"end":6601.29},{"text":"ICT","start":6601.33,"end":6602.13},{"text":"to","start":6602.13,"end":6602.61},{"text":"sabotage","start":6602.61,"end":6603.33},{"text":"it,","start":6603.33,"end":6603.57},{"text":"um,","start":6604.29,"end":6604.37},{"text":"its","start":6604.77,"end":6605.01},{"text":"impact","start":6605.01,"end":6605.57},{"text":"for","start":6605.57,"end":6606.05},{"text":"international","start":6606.05,"end":6606.77},{"text":"peace","start":6606.77,"end":6607.01},{"text":"and","start":6607.01,"end":6607.13},{"text":"security","start":6607.13,"end":6607.69},{"text":"when","start":6607.69,"end":6607.97},{"text":"this","start":6607.97,"end":6608.33},{"text":"is","start":6608.33,"end":6608.53},{"text":"done","start":6608.53,"end":6608.77},{"text":"by","start":6608.77,"end":6609.09},{"text":"international","start":6609.09,"end":6609.65},{"text":"terrorist","start":6609.65,"end":6610.01},{"text":"groups","start":6610.01,"end":6610.21},{"text":"and","start":6610.21,"end":6610.53},{"text":"states.","start":6610.53,"end":6611.09}]},{"text":"In this context, we condemn the cyber attack by Israel against Lebanon on the 17th and 18th of December 2024, have to do with beepers.","start":6611.69,"end":6623.05,"topics":[{"key":"cyber-law-application","label":"International Law in Cyberspace","description":"Numerous delegations reaffirmed that international law applies to state conduct in cyberspace, including the UN Charter, international humanitarian law, human rights law, and the law of state responsibility. They called for deeper common understanding of how these rules apply to cyber operations, especially during armed conflict and incidents affecting critical infrastructure."},{"key":"critical-infrastructure-protection","label":"Protection of Critical Civilian Infrastructure","description":"Many delegations highlighted that both satellites and digital networks underpin essential civilian services such as communications, navigation, aviation, weather forecasting, health, and disaster response. They warned that attacks on these systems, whether in space or cyberspace, would have serious humanitarian, economic, and security consequences."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":6611.69,"end":6611.73},{"text":"this","start":6611.73,"end":6612.01},{"text":"context,","start":6612.01,"end":6612.65},{"text":"we","start":6612.65,"end":6612.81},{"text":"condemn","start":6612.81,"end":6613.61},{"text":"the","start":6613.77,"end":6613.93},{"text":"cyber","start":6613.93,"end":6614.49},{"text":"attack","start":6614.49,"end":6615.05},{"text":"by","start":6615.05,"end":6615.29},{"text":"Israel","start":6615.29,"end":6615.85},{"text":"against","start":6615.85,"end":6616.41},{"text":"Lebanon","start":6616.65,"end":6617.29},{"text":"on","start":6617.29,"end":6617.45},{"text":"the","start":6617.45,"end":6617.61},{"text":"17th","start":6617.61,"end":6618.45},{"text":"and","start":6618.45,"end":6618.73},{"text":"18th","start":6618.73,"end":6619.33},{"text":"of","start":6619.33,"end":6619.41},{"text":"December","start":6619.41,"end":6620.17},{"text":"2024,","start":6620.41,"end":6621.81},{"text":"have","start":6621.81,"end":6621.93},{"text":"to","start":6621.93,"end":6622.01},{"text":"do","start":6622.01,"end":6622.21},{"text":"with","start":6622.21,"end":6622.41},{"text":"beepers.","start":6622.41,"end":6623.05}]},{"text":"This undermined confidence as regards the safety and security of supply chains.","start":6624.41,"end":6630.25,"topics":[{"key":"critical-infrastructure-protection","label":"Protection of Critical Civilian Infrastructure","description":"Many delegations highlighted that both satellites and digital networks underpin essential civilian services such as communications, navigation, aviation, weather forecasting, health, and disaster response. They warned that attacks on these systems, whether in space or cyberspace, would have serious humanitarian, economic, and security consequences."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":6624.41,"end":6624.89},{"text":"undermined","start":6624.89,"end":6626.41},{"text":"confidence","start":6626.65,"end":6627.45},{"text":"as","start":6627.45,"end":6627.69},{"text":"regards","start":6627.69,"end":6627.97},{"text":"the","start":6627.97,"end":6628.05},{"text":"safety","start":6628.05,"end":6628.53},{"text":"and","start":6628.53,"end":6628.73},{"text":"security","start":6628.73,"end":6629.29},{"text":"of","start":6629.29,"end":6629.37},{"text":"supply","start":6629.37,"end":6629.77},{"text":"chains.","start":6629.77,"end":6630.25}]},{"text":"In this framework, we affirm that the United Nations needs to continue working on binding rules governing the responsible behavior of states in this area and the continued development of measures so as to be in line with very swift developments, rapid developments in this area.","start":6631.05,"end":6650.33,"topics":[{"key":"cyber-governance","label":"Cyberspace Governance and Responsible State Behaviour","description":"A major cyber topic was the implementation of the UN framework on responsible state behavior in cyberspace and the transition from the ICT OEWG to a permanent global mechanism. 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the global mechanism.","start":6699.37,"end":6700.53,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"within","start":6699.37,"end":6699.53},{"text":"the","start":6699.53,"end":6699.61},{"text":"global","start":6699.61,"end":6699.89},{"text":"mechanism.","start":6699.89,"end":6700.53}]},{"text":"We reiterate the importance of international cooperation to strengthen cyber safety and security, the security of ICT, to prevent any danger, sabotage, or the misuse, in particular by strengthening the capacity of states cooperating technically when it comes to technology transfer to developing countries.","start":6700.77,"end":6722.21,"topics":[{"key":"cyber-access-capacity","label":"cyber-access-capacity","description":""}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":6700.77,"end":6701.09},{"text":"reiterate","start":6701.09,"end":6701.69},{"text":"the","start":6701.69,"end":6701.85},{"text":"importance","start":6701.85,"end":6702.61},{"text":"of","start":6702.61,"end":6702.77},{"text":"international","start":6702.77,"end":6703.65},{"text":"cooperation","start":6703.65,"end":6704.61},{"text":"to","start":6704.61,"end":6704.77},{"text":"strengthen","start":6704.77,"end":6705.33},{"text":"cyber","start":6705.33,"end":6706.05},{"text":"safety","start":6706.05,"end":6706.73},{"text":"and","start":6706.73,"end":6706.85},{"text":"security,","start":6706.85,"end":6707.57},{"text":"the","start":6707.57,"end":6707.65},{"text":"security","start":6707.65,"end":6708.09},{"text":"of","start":6708.09,"end":6708.21},{"text":"ICT,","start":6708.21,"end":6709.17},{"text":"to","start":6709.49,"end":6709.65},{"text":"prevent","start":6709.65,"end":6710.01},{"text":"any","start":6710.01,"end":6710.21},{"text":"danger,","start":6710.21,"end":6710.69},{"text":"sabotage,","start":6710.69,"end":6711.41},{"text":"or","start":6711.41,"end":6711.61},{"text":"the","start":6711.61,"end":6711.81},{"text":"misuse,","start":6711.81,"end":6712.69},{"text":"in","start":6713.09,"end":6713.33},{"text":"particular","start":6713.33,"end":6713.97},{"text":"by","start":6713.97,"end":6714.37},{"text":"strengthening","start":6714.37,"end":6715.09},{"text":"the","start":6715.09,"end":6715.17},{"text":"capacity","start":6715.17,"end":6715.97},{"text":"of","start":6715.97,"end":6716.29},{"text":"states","start":6716.29,"end":6717.01},{"text":"cooperating","start":6717.01,"end":6717.81},{"text":"technically","start":6717.89,"end":6719.09},{"text":"when","start":6719.09,"end":6719.29},{"text":"it","start":6719.29,"end":6719.37},{"text":"comes","start":6719.37,"end":6719.65},{"text":"to","start":6719.65,"end":6719.81},{"text":"technology","start":6719.81,"end":6720.53},{"text":"transfer","start":6720.53,"end":6721.09},{"text":"to","start":6721.09,"end":6721.17},{"text":"developing","start":6721.17,"end":6721.65},{"text":"countries.","start":6721.65,"end":6722.21}]},{"text":"To put to make sure that the states are not deprived from these technologies, which at the same time makes them more vulnerable.","start":6724.13,"end":6735.25,"topics":[{"key":"cyber-access-capacity","label":"cyber-access-capacity","description":""}],"words":[{"text":"To","start":6724.13,"end":6724.53},{"text":"put","start":6724.69,"end":6725.25},{"text":"to","start":6727.97,"end":6728.37},{"text":"make","start":6728.37,"end":6728.61},{"text":"sure","start":6728.61,"end":6729.25},{"text":"that","start":6729.41,"end":6729.73},{"text":"the","start":6729.73,"end":6729.93},{"text":"states","start":6729.93,"end":6730.37},{"text":"are","start":6730.37,"end":6730.45},{"text":"not","start":6730.45,"end":6730.61},{"text":"deprived","start":6730.61,"end":6731.25},{"text":"from","start":6731.25,"end":6731.49},{"text":"these","start":6731.49,"end":6731.65},{"text":"technologies,","start":6731.65,"end":6732.41},{"text":"which","start":6732.41,"end":6732.77},{"text":"at","start":6732.77,"end":6732.93},{"text":"the","start":6732.93,"end":6733.13},{"text":"same","start":6733.13,"end":6733.57},{"text":"time","start":6733.57,"end":6734.01},{"text":"makes","start":6734.01,"end":6734.33},{"text":"them","start":6734.33,"end":6734.53},{"text":"more","start":6734.53,"end":6734.69},{"text":"vulnerable.","start":6734.69,"end":6735.25}]},{"text":"I 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ASEAN.","start":6737.73,"end":6749.49,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":6737.73,"end":6737.89},{"text":"thank","start":6737.89,"end":6738.21},{"text":"the","start":6738.21,"end":6738.29},{"text":"representative","start":6738.53,"end":6739.09},{"text":"of","start":6739.13,"end":6739.33},{"text":"Oman","start":6740.45,"end":6740.93},{"text":"for","start":6741.01,"end":6741.33},{"text":"his","start":6741.33,"end":6741.45},{"text":"statement","start":6741.45,"end":6742.05},{"text":"on","start":6742.25,"end":6742.33},{"text":"behalf","start":6742.33,"end":6742.69},{"text":"of","start":6742.69,"end":6742.77},{"text":"the","start":6742.77,"end":6742.89},{"text":"Arab","start":6742.89,"end":6743.17},{"text":"group","start":6743.53,"end":6743.89},{"text":"and","start":6744.05,"end":6744.33},{"text":"I","start":6744.37,"end":6744.45},{"text":"give","start":6744.45,"end":6744.61},{"text":"now","start":6744.61,"end":6744.69},{"text":"the","start":6744.69,"end":6744.81},{"text":"floor","start":6744.81,"end":6745.17},{"text":"to","start":6745.17,"end":6745.29},{"text":"the","start":6745.41,"end":6745.53},{"text":"distinguished","start":6745.73,"end":6746.21},{"text":"representative","start":6746.21,"end":6746.77},{"text":"of","start":6746.81,"end":6746.93},{"text":"Thailand","start":6746.93,"end":6747.57},{"text":"on","start":6747.73,"end":6747.85},{"text":"behalf","start":6747.85,"end":6748.37},{"text":"of","start":6748.53,"end":6748.77},{"text":"ASEAN.","start":6748.85,"end":6749.49}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"1st Committee","affiliation_full":"1st Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":79,"start":6751.57,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c1/80/17?lang=en&t=6752","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Mr. Chair.","start":6751.57,"end":6752.57,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":6751.57,"end":6751.69},{"text":"you,","start":6751.69,"end":6751.81},{"text":"Mr.","start":6751.81,"end":6752.09},{"text":"Chair.","start":6752.09,"end":6752.57}]},{"text":"I have the honor to deliver this statement on behalf of ASEAN, which aligns itself with the statement delivered by Indonesia on behalf of NAM.","start":6752.89,"end":6759.37,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":6752.89,"end":6752.97},{"text":"have","start":6752.97,"end":6753.13},{"text":"the","start":6753.13,"end":6753.25},{"text":"honor","start":6753.25,"end":6753.53},{"text":"to","start":6753.53,"end":6753.69},{"text":"deliver","start":6753.69,"end":6754.09},{"text":"this","start":6754.09,"end":6754.21},{"text":"statement","start":6754.21,"end":6754.69},{"text":"on","start":6754.69,"end":6754.77},{"text":"behalf","start":6754.77,"end":6755.01},{"text":"of","start":6755.01,"end":6755.21},{"text":"ASEAN,","start":6755.29,"end":6755.77},{"text":"which","start":6755.77,"end":6755.93},{"text":"aligns","start":6755.93,"end":6756.29},{"text":"itself","start":6756.29,"end":6756.57},{"text":"with","start":6756.57,"end":6756.69},{"text":"the","start":6756.69,"end":6756.77},{"text":"statement","start":6756.77,"end":6757.25},{"text":"delivered","start":6757.25,"end":6757.57},{"text":"by","start":6757.57,"end":6757.77},{"text":"Indonesia","start":6757.77,"end":6758.37},{"text":"on","start":6758.37,"end":6758.49},{"text":"behalf","start":6758.49,"end":6758.81},{"text":"of","start":6758.81,"end":6758.97},{"text":"NAM.","start":6758.97,"end":6759.37}]},{"text":"ASEAN remains committed to cultivating an open, secure, stable, accessible, peaceful, and interoperable cyberspace that drive economic growth, regional integration, and the well-being of its people.","start":6760.01,"end":6772.01,"topics":[{"key":"cyber-governance","label":"Cyberspace Governance and Responsible State Behaviour","description":"A major cyber topic was the implementation of the UN framework on responsible state behavior in cyberspace and the transition from the ICT OEWG to a permanent global mechanism. Speakers supported continued multilateral work on norms, confidence-building, points of contact, and practical cooperation under UN auspices."}],"words":[{"text":"ASEAN","start":6760.01,"end":6760.29},{"text":"remains","start":6760.29,"end":6760.69},{"text":"committed","start":6760.69,"end":6761.17},{"text":"to","start":6761.17,"end":6761.45},{"text":"cultivating","start":6761.45,"end":6761.97},{"text":"an","start":6761.97,"end":6762.09},{"text":"open,","start":6762.09,"end":6762.57},{"text":"secure,","start":6762.57,"end":6763.05},{"text":"stable,","start":6763.05,"end":6763.69},{"text":"accessible,","start":6763.69,"end":6764.49},{"text":"peaceful,","start":6764.49,"end":6765.13},{"text":"and","start":6765.13,"end":6765.37},{"text":"interoperable","start":6765.37,"end":6766.25},{"text":"cyberspace","start":6766.57,"end":6767.53},{"text":"that","start":6767.85,"end":6768.05},{"text":"drive","start":6768.05,"end":6768.41},{"text":"economic","start":6768.45,"end":6768.89},{"text":"growth,","start":6768.89,"end":6769.29},{"text":"regional","start":6769.45,"end":6769.85},{"text":"integration,","start":6769.85,"end":6770.49},{"text":"and","start":6770.49,"end":6770.61},{"text":"the","start":6770.61,"end":6770.73},{"text":"well-being","start":6770.73,"end":6771.13},{"text":"of","start":6771.13,"end":6771.25},{"text":"its","start":6771.25,"end":6771.49},{"text":"people.","start":6771.49,"end":6772.01}]},{"text":"As digital transformation accelerates, ASEAN acknowledged the growing complexity of cyber threats that may undermine international peace, security, and development.","start":6772.57,"end":6781.69,"topics":[{"key":"critical-infrastructure-protection","label":"Protection of Critical Civilian Infrastructure","description":"Many delegations highlighted that both satellites and digital networks underpin essential civilian services such as communications, navigation, aviation, weather forecasting, health, and disaster response. They warned that attacks on these systems, whether in space or cyberspace, would have serious humanitarian, economic, and security consequences."},{"key":"cyber-governance","label":"Cyberspace Governance and Responsible State Behaviour","description":"A major cyber topic was the implementation of the UN framework on responsible state behavior in cyberspace and the transition from the ICT OEWG to a permanent global mechanism. Speakers supported continued multilateral work on norms, confidence-building, points of contact, and practical cooperation under UN auspices."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":6772.57,"end":6772.65},{"text":"digital","start":6772.65,"end":6773.13},{"text":"transformation","start":6773.13,"end":6773.89},{"text":"accelerates,","start":6773.89,"end":6774.57},{"text":"ASEAN","start":6774.73,"end":6775.09},{"text":"acknowledged","start":6775.09,"end":6775.65},{"text":"the","start":6775.65,"end":6775.73},{"text":"growing","start":6775.73,"end":6776.09},{"text":"complexity","start":6776.09,"end":6776.73},{"text":"of","start":6776.73,"end":6776.81},{"text":"cyber","start":6776.81,"end":6777.21},{"text":"threats","start":6777.21,"end":6777.53},{"text":"that","start":6777.53,"end":6777.85},{"text":"may","start":6777.85,"end":6778.01},{"text":"undermine","start":6778.01,"end":6778.81},{"text":"international","start":6778.81,"end":6780.01},{"text":"peace,","start":6780.01,"end":6780.37},{"text":"security,","start":6780.37,"end":6780.85},{"text":"and","start":6780.85,"end":6781.01},{"text":"development.","start":6781.01,"end":6781.69}]},{"text":"ASEAN called for deeper international cooperation, greater cross-sectoral collaboration, and continued expertise sharing to promote responsible state behavior in cyberspace and build a trusted digital ecosystem.","start":6782.25,"end":6794.49,"topics":[{"key":"cyber-governance","label":"Cyberspace Governance and Responsible State Behaviour","description":"A major cyber topic was the implementation of the UN framework on responsible state behavior in cyberspace and the transition from the ICT OEWG to a permanent global mechanism. 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Speakers supported continued multilateral work on norms, confidence-building, points of contact, and practical cooperation under UN auspices."}],"words":[{"text":"ASEAN","start":6795.09,"end":6795.37},{"text":"welcomes","start":6795.37,"end":6795.81},{"text":"the","start":6795.81,"end":6795.89},{"text":"consensus","start":6795.89,"end":6796.57},{"text":"adoption","start":6796.57,"end":6797.17},{"text":"of","start":6797.17,"end":6797.29},{"text":"the","start":6797.29,"end":6797.49},{"text":"final","start":6797.53,"end":6797.93},{"text":"report","start":6797.93,"end":6798.41},{"text":"of","start":6798.41,"end":6798.57},{"text":"the","start":6798.57,"end":6798.69},{"text":"OEWG","start":6798.73,"end":6799.69},{"text":"on","start":6799.69,"end":6799.85},{"text":"security","start":6799.85,"end":6800.41},{"text":"of","start":6800.41,"end":6800.57},{"text":"and","start":6800.57,"end":6800.77},{"text":"the","start":6800.77,"end":6800.85},{"text":"use","start":6800.85,"end":6801.05},{"text":"of","start":6801.05,"end":6801.13},{"text":"ICT,","start":6801.13,"end":6801.93},{"text":"chaired","start":6802.25,"end":6802.45},{"text":"by","start":6802.45,"end":6802.65},{"text":"Singapore.","start":6802.65,"end":6803.37}]},{"text":"ASEAN will work with partners to ensure a seamless transition to the forthcoming global mechanism.","start":6804.09,"end":6809.29,"topics":[{"key":"cyber-governance","label":"Cyberspace Governance and Responsible State Behaviour","description":"A major cyber topic was the implementation of the UN framework on responsible state behavior in cyberspace and the transition from the ICT OEWG to a permanent global mechanism. Speakers supported continued multilateral work on norms, confidence-building, points of contact, and practical cooperation under UN auspices."}],"words":[{"text":"ASEAN","start":6804.09,"end":6804.41},{"text":"will","start":6804.41,"end":6804.53},{"text":"work","start":6804.53,"end":6804.77},{"text":"with","start":6804.77,"end":6804.93},{"text":"partners","start":6804.93,"end":6805.45},{"text":"to","start":6805.45,"end":6805.53},{"text":"ensure","start":6805.53,"end":6805.89},{"text":"a","start":6805.89,"end":6805.93},{"text":"seamless","start":6805.93,"end":6806.41},{"text":"transition","start":6806.41,"end":6807.13},{"text":"to","start":6807.13,"end":6807.33},{"text":"the","start":6807.33,"end":6807.41},{"text":"forthcoming","start":6807.41,"end":6808.09},{"text":"global","start":6808.09,"end":6808.49},{"text":"mechanism.","start":6808.49,"end":6809.29}]},{"text":"We underline the need to strengthen ICT security capacity building, particularly for developing countries.","start":6809.69,"end":6815.69,"topics":[{"key":"space-access-capacity","label":"Equitable Access and Capacity Building in Space","description":"Delegations repeatedly called for international cooperation, technology sharing, and capacity building so that developing countries, emerging space actors, and small states can benefit from peaceful space activities. This included support through COPUOS, UNOOSA, regional initiatives, and national space development programmes."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":6809.69,"end":6809.89},{"text":"underline","start":6809.89,"end":6810.33},{"text":"the","start":6810.33,"end":6810.41},{"text":"need","start":6810.41,"end":6810.73},{"text":"to","start":6810.73,"end":6810.85},{"text":"strengthen","start":6810.89,"end":6811.37},{"text":"ICT","start":6811.37,"end":6811.77},{"text":"security","start":6811.77,"end":6812.25},{"text":"capacity","start":6812.25,"end":6812.89},{"text":"building,","start":6812.89,"end":6813.45},{"text":"particularly","start":6813.61,"end":6814.21},{"text":"for","start":6814.21,"end":6814.49},{"text":"developing","start":6814.49,"end":6815.05},{"text":"countries.","start":6815.05,"end":6815.69}]},{"text":"Mr Chair, Guided by the ASEAN Digital Master Plan 2025 and the ASEAN Cybersecurity Cooperation Strategy 2021-2025, ASEAN continues to advance regional cyber resilience.","start":6816.17,"end":6830.57,"topics":[{"key":"cyber-governance","label":"Cyberspace Governance and Responsible State Behaviour","description":"A major cyber topic was the implementation of the UN framework on responsible state behavior in cyberspace and the transition from the ICT OEWG to a permanent global mechanism. Speakers supported continued multilateral work on norms, confidence-building, points of contact, and practical cooperation under UN auspices."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr","start":6816.17,"end":6816.49},{"text":"Chair,","start":6816.49,"end":6816.97},{"text":"Guided","start":6817.85,"end":6818.09},{"text":"by","start":6818.09,"end":6818.33},{"text":"the","start":6818.61,"end":6818.81},{"text":"ASEAN","start":6818.81,"end":6819.13},{"text":"Digital","start":6819.13,"end":6819.69},{"text":"Master","start":6819.69,"end":6820.01},{"text":"Plan","start":6820.01,"end":6820.33},{"text":"2025","start":6820.33,"end":6821.53},{"text":"and","start":6821.53,"end":6821.81},{"text":"the","start":6821.81,"end":6821.89},{"text":"ASEAN","start":6821.89,"end":6822.41},{"text":"Cybersecurity","start":6822.41,"end":6823.29},{"text":"Cooperation","start":6823.29,"end":6823.93},{"text":"Strategy","start":6823.93,"end":6824.49},{"text":"2021-2025,","start":6824.49,"end":6826.89},{"text":"ASEAN","start":6827.45,"end":6827.73},{"text":"continues","start":6827.73,"end":6828.33},{"text":"to","start":6828.33,"end":6828.57},{"text":"advance","start":6828.57,"end":6829.05},{"text":"regional","start":6829.05,"end":6829.45},{"text":"cyber","start":6829.45,"end":6829.81},{"text":"resilience.","start":6829.81,"end":6830.57}]},{"text":"As these frameworks near completion, ASEAN looks forward to their final review and the development of a new master plan and the cybersecurity cooperation strategy 2026-2030.","start":6831.05,"end":6842.41,"topics":[{"key":"cyber-governance","label":"Cyberspace Governance and Responsible State Behaviour","description":"A major cyber topic was the implementation of the UN framework on responsible state behavior in cyberspace and the transition from the ICT OEWG to a permanent global mechanism. Speakers supported continued multilateral work on norms, confidence-building, points of contact, and practical cooperation under UN auspices."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":6831.05,"end":6831.25},{"text":"these","start":6831.25,"end":6831.57},{"text":"frameworks","start":6831.57,"end":6832.13},{"text":"near","start":6832.13,"end":6832.29},{"text":"completion,","start":6832.29,"end":6833.13},{"text":"ASEAN","start":6833.53,"end":6833.85},{"text":"looks","start":6833.85,"end":6834.01},{"text":"forward","start":6834.01,"end":6834.37},{"text":"to","start":6834.37,"end":6834.49},{"text":"their","start":6834.49,"end":6834.65},{"text":"final","start":6834.65,"end":6835.09},{"text":"review","start":6835.09,"end":6835.45},{"text":"and","start":6835.45,"end":6835.65},{"text":"the","start":6835.65,"end":6835.73},{"text":"development","start":6835.73,"end":6836.29},{"text":"of","start":6836.29,"end":6836.37},{"text":"a","start":6836.37,"end":6836.41},{"text":"new","start":6836.41,"end":6836.73},{"text":"master","start":6836.73,"end":6837.05},{"text":"plan","start":6837.05,"end":6837.61},{"text":"and","start":6838.01,"end":6838.41},{"text":"the","start":6838.61,"end":6838.69},{"text":"cybersecurity","start":6838.73,"end":6839.61},{"text":"cooperation","start":6839.61,"end":6840.17},{"text":"strategy","start":6840.17,"end":6840.65},{"text":"2026-2030.","start":6840.65,"end":6842.41}]},{"text":"ASEAN continues to implement the Regional Action Plan on the Implementation of the Norms of Responsible State Behaviour in Cyberspace.","start":6842.69,"end":6851.33,"topics":[{"key":"cyber-governance","label":"Cyberspace Governance and Responsible State Behaviour","description":"A major cyber topic was the implementation of the UN framework on responsible state behavior in cyberspace and the transition from the ICT OEWG to a permanent global mechanism. 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Many delegations described these measures as practical steps that should complement, and in some cases help prepare, future legal instruments."}],"words":[{"text":"ASEAN","start":6842.69,"end":6843.17},{"text":"continues","start":6844.05,"end":6844.69},{"text":"to","start":6844.69,"end":6844.85},{"text":"implement","start":6844.85,"end":6845.53},{"text":"the","start":6845.53,"end":6845.61},{"text":"Regional","start":6845.61,"end":6846.21},{"text":"Action","start":6846.21,"end":6846.53},{"text":"Plan","start":6846.53,"end":6846.93},{"text":"on","start":6846.93,"end":6847.09},{"text":"the","start":6847.09,"end":6847.17},{"text":"Implementation","start":6847.17,"end":6847.93},{"text":"of","start":6847.93,"end":6848.05},{"text":"the","start":6848.05,"end":6848.13},{"text":"Norms","start":6848.13,"end":6848.69},{"text":"of","start":6848.69,"end":6848.85},{"text":"Responsible","start":6848.85,"end":6849.49},{"text":"State","start":6849.49,"end":6849.81},{"text":"Behaviour","start":6849.81,"end":6850.37},{"text":"in","start":6850.37,"end":6850.45},{"text":"Cyberspace.","start":6850.45,"end":6851.33}]},{"text":"We welcome the endorsement of the ASEAN Norms Implementation Checklist as practical steps to advance these voluntary norms.","start":6851.73,"end":6858.85,"topics":[{"key":"space-behavior-norms","label":"Space Norms and Confidence-Building Measures","description":"Several statements emphasized norms, rules, principles of responsible behavior, transparency, and confidence-building measures as tools to reduce misunderstanding and escalation in space. 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Speakers supported continued multilateral work on norms, confidence-building, points of contact, and practical cooperation under UN auspices."}],"words":[{"text":"and","start":6870.09,"end":6870.25},{"text":"has","start":6870.25,"end":6870.65},{"text":"established","start":6870.65,"end":6871.21},{"text":"the","start":6871.21,"end":6871.33},{"text":"ASEAN","start":6871.33,"end":6871.69},{"text":"Cybersecurity","start":6871.69,"end":6872.57},{"text":"Coordinating","start":6872.57,"end":6873.21},{"text":"Committee","start":6873.21,"end":6873.85},{"text":"to","start":6874.25,"end":6874.45},{"text":"strengthen","start":6874.45,"end":6874.97},{"text":"regional","start":6874.97,"end":6875.33},{"text":"collaboration","start":6875.33,"end":6876.01},{"text":"and","start":6876.01,"end":6876.17},{"text":"coordination.","start":6876.17,"end":6877.05}]},{"text":"Mr Chair, ASEAN continues to strengthen regional capacity and international cooperation in ICT security through initiatives such as the ASEAN-Singapore Cybersecurity Centre of Excellence, the ASEAN-Japan Cybersecurity Capacity Building Centre in Bangkok, and the ASEAN Cyber Shield Project.","start":6877.69,"end":6896.57,"topics":[{"key":"space-access-capacity","label":"Equitable Access and Capacity Building in Space","description":"Delegations repeatedly called for international cooperation, technology sharing, and capacity building so that developing countries, emerging space actors, and small states can benefit from peaceful space activities. 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Many delegations described these measures as practical steps that should complement, and in some cases help prepare, future legal instruments."}],"words":[{"text":"ASEAN","start":6897.01,"end":6897.37},{"text":"notes","start":6897.37,"end":6897.69},{"text":"the","start":6897.69,"end":6897.77},{"text":"regional","start":6897.77,"end":6898.25},{"text":"workshop","start":6898.25,"end":6898.81},{"text":"on","start":6898.81,"end":6899.13},{"text":"international","start":6899.13,"end":6899.81},{"text":"law,","start":6899.81,"end":6900.17},{"text":"norms","start":6900.65,"end":6901.13},{"text":"and","start":6901.13,"end":6901.29},{"text":"cyberspace,","start":6901.29,"end":6902.09},{"text":"co-hosted","start":6902.09,"end":6902.61},{"text":"by","start":6902.61,"end":6902.73},{"text":"Thailand","start":6902.73,"end":6903.05},{"text":"and","start":6903.05,"end":6903.21},{"text":"UNIDIA","start":6903.21,"end":6904.01},{"text":"in","start":6904.01,"end":6904.17},{"text":"January","start":6904.17,"end":6904.93},{"text":"this","start":6904.93,"end":6905.05},{"text":"year.","start":6905.05,"end":6905.37}]},{"text":"I look forward to continued collaboration with the UN under the ASEAN-UN Comprehensive Partnership.","start":6905.85,"end":6911.21,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":6905.85,"end":6905.93},{"text":"look","start":6905.93,"end":6906.17},{"text":"forward","start":6906.17,"end":6906.53},{"text":"to","start":6906.53,"end":6906.65},{"text":"continued","start":6906.65,"end":6907.09},{"text":"collaboration","start":6907.09,"end":6907.73},{"text":"with","start":6907.73,"end":6907.89},{"text":"the","start":6907.89,"end":6907.97},{"text":"UN","start":6907.97,"end":6908.49},{"text":"under","start":6908.77,"end":6909.05},{"text":"the","start":6909.05,"end":6909.17},{"text":"ASEAN-UN","start":6909.17,"end":6909.93},{"text":"Comprehensive","start":6909.93,"end":6910.57},{"text":"Partnership.","start":6910.57,"end":6911.21}]},{"text":"We also engage with partners through the ARF ISM on ICT security, co-shared by the Philippines and Canada for 2025 to 2027, and welcome new initiative to build trust in cyberspace.","start":6911.61,"end":6924.49,"topics":[{"key":"cyber-governance","label":"Cyberspace Governance and Responsible State Behaviour","description":"A major cyber topic was the implementation of the UN framework on responsible state behavior in cyberspace and the transition from the ICT OEWG to a permanent global mechanism. 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Many delegations described these measures as practical steps that should complement, and in some cases help prepare, future legal instruments."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":6911.61,"end":6911.85},{"text":"also","start":6911.85,"end":6912.09},{"text":"engage","start":6912.09,"end":6912.53},{"text":"with","start":6912.53,"end":6912.65},{"text":"partners","start":6912.65,"end":6913.21},{"text":"through","start":6913.21,"end":6913.45},{"text":"the","start":6913.45,"end":6913.53},{"text":"ARF","start":6913.65,"end":6914.17},{"text":"ISM","start":6914.25,"end":6914.57},{"text":"on","start":6914.57,"end":6914.73},{"text":"ICT","start":6914.73,"end":6915.13},{"text":"security,","start":6915.13,"end":6915.85},{"text":"co-shared","start":6916.25,"end":6916.73},{"text":"by","start":6916.73,"end":6917.05},{"text":"the","start":6917.09,"end":6917.17},{"text":"Philippines","start":6917.17,"end":6917.89},{"text":"and","start":6917.89,"end":6918.09},{"text":"Canada","start":6918.09,"end":6918.53},{"text":"for","start":6918.57,"end":6918.81},{"text":"2025","start":6918.81,"end":6919.77},{"text":"to","start":6919.77,"end":6920.05},{"text":"2027,","start":6920.05,"end":6921.05},{"text":"and","start":6921.45,"end":6921.57},{"text":"welcome","start":6921.57,"end":6921.93},{"text":"new","start":6921.93,"end":6922.05},{"text":"initiative","start":6922.05,"end":6922.61},{"text":"to","start":6922.61,"end":6922.89},{"text":"build","start":6922.89,"end":6923.09},{"text":"trust","start":6923.09,"end":6923.45},{"text":"in","start":6923.45,"end":6923.61},{"text":"cyberspace.","start":6923.61,"end":6924.49}]},{"text":"We also welcome the opening of the ADMM Cybersecurity and Information Centre of Excellence in Singapore, the EWG on Cybersecurity's key achievement, including the Points of Contact Directory, Cyber Terminologies Glossary, Tabletop Exercise and CS Portal.","start":6925.05,"end":6942.33,"topics":[{"key":"cyber-governance","label":"Cyberspace Governance and Responsible State Behaviour","description":"A major cyber topic was the implementation of the UN framework on responsible state behavior in cyberspace and the transition from the ICT OEWG to a permanent global mechanism. 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Speakers supported continued multilateral work on norms, confidence-building, points of contact, and practical cooperation under UN auspices."}],"words":[{"text":"building","start":6954.65,"end":6954.97},{"text":"trust,","start":6954.97,"end":6955.45},{"text":"and","start":6955.45,"end":6955.77},{"text":"harnessing","start":6955.77,"end":6956.41},{"text":"digital","start":6956.41,"end":6956.97},{"text":"technologies","start":6956.97,"end":6957.81},{"text":"for","start":6957.81,"end":6957.93},{"text":"sustainable","start":6957.93,"end":6958.49},{"text":"development","start":6958.49,"end":6959.17},{"text":"and","start":6959.17,"end":6959.33},{"text":"global","start":6959.33,"end":6959.69},{"text":"security.","start":6959.69,"end":6960.33}]},{"text":"I thank you.","start":6960.33,"end":6960.97,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":6960.33,"end":6960.41},{"text":"thank","start":6960.41,"end":6960.73},{"text":"you.","start":6960.73,"end":6960.97}]},{"text":"The full version of this statement will be uploaded to the UN journal.","start":6961.09,"end":6966.33,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":6961.09,"end":6961.21},{"text":"full","start":6961.21,"end":6961.45},{"text":"version","start":6961.49,"end":6961.97},{"text":"of","start":6961.97,"end":6962.09},{"text":"this","start":6962.09,"end":6962.33},{"text":"statement","start":6963.05,"end":6964.01},{"text":"will","start":6964.01,"end":6964.13},{"text":"be","start":6964.25,"end":6964.41},{"text":"uploaded","start":6964.41,"end":6965.25},{"text":"to","start":6965.25,"end":6965.33},{"text":"the","start":6965.45,"end":6965.53},{"text":"UN","start":6965.53,"end":6965.85},{"text":"journal.","start":6965.85,"end":6966.33}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"THA","affiliation_full":"Thailand","group":"ASEAN","function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":80,"start":6968.73,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c1/80/17?lang=en&t=6969","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the representative of Thailand for her 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Bosnia and Herzegovina, and the EFTA countries, Iceland and Norway, members of the European Economic Area, as well as Monaco and San Marino, align themselves with this 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national rules-based order applies also to states' behavior in cyberspace, and all members of the UN General Assembly have repeatedly affirmed their support for the implementation of the UN framework of responsible state behavior in cyberspace to reduce the risk of conflict.","start":6999.61,"end":7015.37,"topics":[{"key":"cyber-governance","label":"Cyberspace Governance and Responsible State Behaviour","description":"A major cyber topic was the implementation of the UN framework on responsible state behavior in cyberspace and the transition from the ICT OEWG to a permanent global mechanism. 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Delegations debated the need for responsible, lawful, and ethical use of AI, human oversight, and whether the UN should play a stronger role in shaping norms and future governance."}],"words":[{"text":"Its","start":7130.25,"end":7130.49},{"text":"rapid","start":7130.49,"end":7130.89},{"text":"integration","start":7130.89,"end":7131.53},{"text":"in","start":7131.53,"end":7131.69},{"text":"the","start":7131.69,"end":7131.77},{"text":"military","start":7131.77,"end":7132.17},{"text":"domain","start":7132.17,"end":7132.57},{"text":"can","start":7132.57,"end":7132.89},{"text":"also","start":7132.89,"end":7133.29},{"text":"introduce","start":7133.29,"end":7133.85},{"text":"new","start":7133.85,"end":7134.01},{"text":"risks","start":7134.01,"end":7134.49},{"text":"and","start":7134.65,"end":7134.89},{"text":"exacerbates","start":7134.89,"end":7135.69},{"text":"existing","start":7135.69,"end":7136.13},{"text":"ones.","start":7136.13,"end":7136.49}]},{"text":"We welcome the consensus reached on the final report of the OEWG and the establishment of the global mechanism.","start":7137.21,"end":7143.45,"topics":[{"key":"cyber-governance","label":"Cyberspace Governance and Responsible State Behaviour","description":"A major cyber topic was the implementation of the UN framework on responsible state behavior in cyberspace and the transition from the ICT OEWG to a permanent global mechanism. 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Speakers supported continued multilateral work on norms, confidence-building, points of contact, and practical cooperation under UN auspices."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":7143.61,"end":7143.85},{"text":"stress","start":7143.85,"end":7144.17},{"text":"the","start":7144.17,"end":7144.29},{"text":"need","start":7144.29,"end":7144.53},{"text":"to","start":7144.53,"end":7144.65},{"text":"continue","start":7144.65,"end":7145.13},{"text":"to","start":7145.13,"end":7145.21},{"text":"focus","start":7145.21,"end":7145.61},{"text":"on","start":7145.61,"end":7145.69},{"text":"the","start":7145.69,"end":7145.81},{"text":"implementation","start":7145.81,"end":7146.49},{"text":"of","start":7146.49,"end":7146.57},{"text":"the","start":7146.57,"end":7146.69},{"text":"UN","start":7146.69,"end":7147.05},{"text":"framework","start":7147.05,"end":7147.53},{"text":"of","start":7147.53,"end":7147.69},{"text":"responsible","start":7147.69,"end":7148.21},{"text":"state","start":7148.21,"end":7148.41},{"text":"behavior","start":7148.41,"end":7148.89},{"text":"in","start":7148.89,"end":7148.97},{"text":"cyberspace","start":7148.97,"end":7149.61},{"text":"to","start":7149.93,"end":7150.01},{"text":"further","start":7150.01,"end":7150.37},{"text":"strengthen","start":7150.37,"end":7150.81},{"text":"security","start":7150.81,"end":7151.37},{"text":"and","start":7151.37,"end":7151.53},{"text":"stability","start":7151.53,"end":7152.09},{"text":"in","start":7152.09,"end":7152.25},{"text":"cyberspace.","start":7152.25,"end":7152.97}]},{"text":"We welcome the final report's recognition of the international security risks posed by malicious activities and practices, although it does not adequately reflect the progress achieved in discussions.","start":7153.29,"end":7163.61,"topics":[{"key":"cyber-governance","label":"Cyberspace Governance and Responsible State Behaviour","description":"A major cyber topic was the implementation of the UN framework on responsible state behavior in cyberspace and the transition from the ICT OEWG to a permanent global mechanism. 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Speakers supported continued multilateral work on norms, confidence-building, points of contact, and practical cooperation under UN auspices."}],"words":[{"text":"To","start":7168.09,"end":7168.21},{"text":"this","start":7168.21,"end":7168.49},{"text":"end,","start":7168.49,"end":7168.73},{"text":"the","start":7168.73,"end":7168.93},{"text":"EU","start":7168.93,"end":7169.21},{"text":"is","start":7169.21,"end":7169.37},{"text":"committed","start":7169.37,"end":7169.77},{"text":"to","start":7169.77,"end":7169.89},{"text":"continue","start":7169.89,"end":7170.41},{"text":"to","start":7170.41,"end":7170.53},{"text":"contribute","start":7170.53,"end":7171.01},{"text":"to","start":7171.01,"end":7171.09},{"text":"the","start":7171.09,"end":7171.21},{"text":"work","start":7171.21,"end":7171.53},{"text":"in","start":7171.69,"end":7171.85},{"text":"the","start":7171.85,"end":7171.93},{"text":"global","start":7171.93,"end":7172.25},{"text":"mechanisms","start":7172.25,"end":7172.81},{"text":"dedicated","start":7172.81,"end":7173.45},{"text":"thematic","start":7173.45,"end":7173.85},{"text":"group","start":7173.85,"end":7174.17},{"text":"to","start":7174.33,"end":7174.45},{"text":"address","start":7174.45,"end":7174.85},{"text":"specific","start":7174.85,"end":7175.29},{"text":"changes","start":7175.29,"end":7175.69},{"text":"in","start":7175.69,"end":7175.77},{"text":"the","start":7175.77,"end":7175.93},{"text":"sphere","start":7175.93,"end":7176.21},{"text":"of","start":7176.21,"end":7176.33},{"text":"cybersecurity.","start":7176.33,"end":7177.85}]},{"text":"Given the escalating nature of international cybersecurity threats, It is important to forge a shared understanding on how international law applies and to how to further implement the UN framework on responsible state behavior.","start":7178.57,"end":7191.29,"topics":[{"key":"cyber-law-application","label":"International Law in Cyberspace","description":"Numerous delegations reaffirmed that international law applies to state conduct in cyberspace, including the UN Charter, international humanitarian law, human rights law, and the law of state responsibility. 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Speakers supported continued multilateral work on norms, confidence-building, points of contact, and practical cooperation under UN auspices."}],"words":[{"text":"Given","start":7178.57,"end":7178.85},{"text":"the","start":7178.85,"end":7178.93},{"text":"escalating","start":7178.93,"end":7179.53},{"text":"nature","start":7179.53,"end":7179.97},{"text":"of","start":7179.97,"end":7180.09},{"text":"international","start":7180.09,"end":7180.69},{"text":"cybersecurity","start":7180.69,"end":7181.41},{"text":"threats,","start":7181.41,"end":7181.85},{"text":"It","start":7182.25,"end":7182.37},{"text":"is","start":7182.37,"end":7182.45},{"text":"important","start":7182.45,"end":7182.93},{"text":"to","start":7182.93,"end":7183.01},{"text":"forge","start":7183.01,"end":7183.33},{"text":"a","start":7183.33,"end":7183.37},{"text":"shared","start":7183.37,"end":7183.73},{"text":"understanding","start":7183.73,"end":7184.29},{"text":"on","start":7184.33,"end":7184.49},{"text":"how","start":7184.49,"end":7184.73},{"text":"international","start":7184.73,"end":7185.29},{"text":"law","start":7185.29,"end":7185.37},{"text":"applies","start":7185.37,"end":7185.85},{"text":"and","start":7186.25,"end":7186.45},{"text":"to","start":7186.45,"end":7187.05},{"text":"how","start":7187.77,"end":7188.01},{"text":"to","start":7188.01,"end":7188.09},{"text":"further","start":7188.09,"end":7188.45},{"text":"implement","start":7188.45,"end":7188.93},{"text":"the","start":7188.93,"end":7189.01},{"text":"UN","start":7189.05,"end":7189.37},{"text":"framework","start":7189.37,"end":7189.85},{"text":"on","start":7189.85,"end":7190.01},{"text":"responsible","start":7190.01,"end":7190.49},{"text":"state","start":7190.49,"end":7190.73},{"text":"behavior.","start":7190.73,"end":7191.29}]},{"text":"The EU welcomes the Secretary General's report published in August this year and believes that there is a role for the UN to discuss the important issue of AI in the military domain.","start":7191.69,"end":7201.37,"topics":[{"key":"military-ai-governance","label":"Artificial Intelligence in the Military Domain","description":"The military use of artificial intelligence emerged as a distinct issue, with speakers discussing both its possible benefits and its risks for international peace and security. Delegations debated the need for responsible, lawful, and ethical use of AI, human oversight, and whether the UN should play a stronger role in shaping norms and future governance."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":7191.69,"end":7191.81},{"text":"EU","start":7191.81,"end":7192.01},{"text":"welcomes","start":7192.01,"end":7192.49},{"text":"the","start":7192.49,"end":7192.65},{"text":"Secretary","start":7192.81,"end":7193.21},{"text":"General's","start":7193.21,"end":7193.69},{"text":"report","start":7193.69,"end":7194.05},{"text":"published","start":7194.05,"end":7194.37},{"text":"in","start":7194.37,"end":7194.49},{"text":"August","start":7194.49,"end":7194.85},{"text":"this","start":7194.85,"end":7195.05},{"text":"year","start":7195.05,"end":7195.29},{"text":"and","start":7195.53,"end":7195.77},{"text":"believes","start":7195.77,"end":7196.25},{"text":"that","start":7196.33,"end":7196.73},{"text":"there","start":7196.73,"end":7197.13},{"text":"is","start":7197.13,"end":7197.29},{"text":"a","start":7197.29,"end":7197.33},{"text":"role","start":7197.33,"end":7197.61},{"text":"for","start":7197.61,"end":7197.85},{"text":"the","start":7197.85,"end":7197.97},{"text":"UN","start":7197.97,"end":7198.25},{"text":"to","start":7198.25,"end":7198.37},{"text":"discuss","start":7198.37,"end":7198.77},{"text":"the","start":7198.77,"end":7198.85},{"text":"important","start":7198.85,"end":7199.37},{"text":"issue","start":7199.37,"end":7199.65},{"text":"of","start":7199.65,"end":7199.77},{"text":"AI","start":7199.77,"end":7200.17},{"text":"in","start":7200.41,"end":7200.57},{"text":"the","start":7200.57,"end":7200.65},{"text":"military","start":7200.65,"end":7201.05},{"text":"domain.","start":7201.05,"end":7201.37}]},{"text":"We underline the importance of engaging stakeholders in this discussion as key developers, players and implementers in this field.","start":7201.53,"end":7208.49,"topics":[{"key":"military-ai-governance","label":"Artificial Intelligence in the Military Domain","description":"The military use of artificial intelligence emerged as a distinct issue, with speakers discussing both its possible benefits and its risks for international peace and security. 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statement.","start":7208.73,"end":7210.49,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":7208.73,"end":7208.89},{"text":"is","start":7208.89,"end":7209.01},{"text":"a","start":7209.01,"end":7209.05},{"text":"shortened","start":7209.05,"end":7209.49},{"text":"version","start":7209.49,"end":7209.73},{"text":"of","start":7209.73,"end":7209.85},{"text":"the","start":7209.85,"end":7209.93},{"text":"statement.","start":7209.93,"end":7210.49}]},{"text":"I thank you, Mr. Chair.","start":7210.57,"end":7211.53,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":7210.57,"end":7210.81},{"text":"thank","start":7210.81,"end":7211.01},{"text":"you,","start":7211.01,"end":7211.09},{"text":"Mr.","start":7211.09,"end":7211.33},{"text":"Chair.","start":7211.33,"end":7211.53}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"EU","affiliation_full":"EU","group":"EU","function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":82,"start":7213.13,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c1/80/17?lang=en&t=7214","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, representative of the European Union, for your statement.","start":7213.13,"end":7215.69,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":7213.13,"end":7213.37},{"text":"you,","start":7213.37,"end":7213.45},{"text":"representative","start":7213.45,"end":7214.01},{"text":"of","start":7214.05,"end":7214.17},{"text":"the","start":7214.25,"end":7214.33},{"text":"European","start":7214.33,"end":7214.73},{"text":"Union,","start":7214.73,"end":7214.97},{"text":"for","start":7214.97,"end":7215.13},{"text":"your","start":7215.13,"end":7215.25},{"text":"statement.","start":7215.25,"end":7215.69}]},{"text":"I give now the floor to the distinguished representative of 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floor.","start":7230.63,"end":7232.87,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Chair,","start":7230.63,"end":7231.11},{"text":"thank","start":7231.19,"end":7231.51},{"text":"you","start":7231.51,"end":7231.67},{"text":"for","start":7231.67,"end":7231.87},{"text":"giving","start":7231.87,"end":7232.15},{"text":"me","start":7232.15,"end":7232.27},{"text":"the","start":7232.27,"end":7232.39},{"text":"floor.","start":7232.39,"end":7232.87}]},{"text":"We align ourselves with the statement of the Arab Group and NAM.","start":7232.87,"end":7235.91,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":7232.87,"end":7233.03},{"text":"align","start":7233.03,"end":7233.39},{"text":"ourselves","start":7233.39,"end":7233.83},{"text":"with","start":7233.83,"end":7233.95},{"text":"the","start":7233.95,"end":7234.03},{"text":"statement","start":7234.03,"end":7234.47},{"text":"of","start":7234.47,"end":7234.55},{"text":"the","start":7234.55,"end":7234.67},{"text":"Arab","start":7234.67,"end":7234.95},{"text":"Group","start":7234.95,"end":7235.35},{"text":"and","start":7235.35,"end":7235.63},{"text":"NAM.","start":7235.63,"end":7235.91}]},{"text":"Mr. Chair, progress in digital and technological fields has allowed for smart and low-cost solutions for many development-related issues in addition to social matters through facilitating communication through modern and constantly developing 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the same time, this progress and related opportunities in technology entails risks related to cybersecurity.","start":7254.17,"end":7260.57,"topics":[{"key":"cyber-governance","label":"Cyberspace Governance and Responsible State Behaviour","description":"A major cyber topic was the implementation of the UN framework on responsible state behavior in cyberspace and the transition from the ICT OEWG to a permanent global mechanism. 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pave the way towards more UN-led inclusive multilateral processes that base themselves on the purposes and principles of the UN 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Speakers supported continued multilateral work on norms, confidence-building, points of contact, and practical cooperation under UN auspices."}],"words":[{"text":"a","start":7509.13,"end":7509.14},{"text":"suitable","start":7509.13,"end":7509.61},{"text":"platform","start":7509.61,"end":7510.17},{"text":"for","start":7510.17,"end":7510.41},{"text":"a","start":7510.41,"end":7510.49},{"text":"vibrant,","start":7510.49,"end":7511.05},{"text":"interconnected","start":7511.45,"end":7512.21},{"text":"discussion","start":7512.21,"end":7512.65},{"text":"from","start":7512.65,"end":7512.89},{"text":"all","start":7512.89,"end":7512.97},{"text":"aspects.","start":7512.97,"end":7513.53}]},{"text":"Egypt believes that the two cross-cutting thematic groups on challenges and capacity building should be convened in a scenario-based manner that addresses real-life incidents and develops best practices to address the threats in a way that strikes the balance between the relevance of the responsible behavior and as well envisaging the possibility of developing an instrument in this regard.","start":7515.13,"end":7540.01,"topics":[{"key":"space-behavior-norms","label":"Space Norms and Confidence-Building Measures","description":"Several statements emphasized norms, rules, principles of responsible behavior, transparency, and confidence-building measures as tools to reduce misunderstanding and escalation in space. 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They warned that attacks on these systems, whether in space or cyberspace, would have serious humanitarian, economic, and security consequences."}],"words":[{"text":"Ransomware","start":7676.89,"end":7677.69},{"text":"actors,","start":7677.77,"end":7678.49},{"text":"often","start":7678.65,"end":7679.21},{"text":"operating","start":7679.21,"end":7679.73},{"text":"with","start":7679.73,"end":7679.93},{"text":"state","start":7679.93,"end":7680.33},{"text":"support,","start":7680.33,"end":7680.97},{"text":"pose","start":7681.53,"end":7681.77},{"text":"a","start":7681.77,"end":7681.85},{"text":"particularly","start":7681.85,"end":7682.65},{"text":"pervasive","start":7682.65,"end":7683.37},{"text":"and","start":7683.37,"end":7683.61},{"text":"grave","start":7683.61,"end":7683.97},{"text":"threat,","start":7683.97,"end":7684.33},{"text":"especially","start":7684.65,"end":7685.17},{"text":"when","start":7685.17,"end":7685.37},{"text":"disrupting","start":7685.37,"end":7686.01},{"text":"critical","start":7686.01,"end":7686.49},{"text":"infrastructure.","start":7686.49,"end":7687.21}]},{"text":"The United States has faced significant ransomware attacks and cyber intrusions into critical infrastructure by foreign adversaries and criminal actors.","start":7688.33,"end":7696.81,"topics":[{"key":"critical-infrastructure-protection","label":"Protection of Critical Civilian Infrastructure","description":"Many delegations highlighted that both satellites and digital networks underpin essential civilian services such as communications, navigation, aviation, weather forecasting, health, and disaster response. They warned that attacks on these systems, whether in space or cyberspace, would have serious humanitarian, economic, and security consequences."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":7688.33,"end":7688.45},{"text":"United","start":7688.45,"end":7688.73},{"text":"States","start":7688.73,"end":7688.97},{"text":"has","start":7688.97,"end":7689.13},{"text":"faced","start":7689.13,"end":7689.49},{"text":"significant","start":7689.49,"end":7690.01},{"text":"ransomware","start":7690.01,"end":7690.61},{"text":"attacks","start":7690.61,"end":7691.05},{"text":"and","start":7691.05,"end":7691.29},{"text":"cyber","start":7691.29,"end":7691.69},{"text":"intrusions","start":7691.69,"end":7692.33},{"text":"into","start":7692.33,"end":7692.57},{"text":"critical","start":7692.57,"end":7692.97},{"text":"infrastructure","start":7692.97,"end":7693.77},{"text":"by","start":7694.25,"end":7694.49},{"text":"foreign","start":7694.49,"end":7694.89},{"text":"adversaries","start":7694.89,"end":7695.61},{"text":"and","start":7695.61,"end":7695.77},{"text":"criminal","start":7695.77,"end":7696.17},{"text":"actors.","start":7696.17,"end":7696.81}]},{"text":"The United States reserves the right to unilaterally defend itself in cyberspace against malicious cyber actors.","start":7697.29,"end":7703.21,"topics":[{"key":"cyber-governance","label":"Cyberspace Governance and Responsible State Behaviour","description":"A major cyber topic was the implementation of the UN framework on responsible state behavior in cyberspace and the transition from the ICT OEWG to a permanent global mechanism. 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finally, I want to emphasize that our decision this year not to introduce our triennial compliance resolution does not diminish the importance of this issue, nor the United States' commitment to these treaty 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with nonproliferation, arms control, and disarmament agreements remains essential for international peace, security, and stability.","start":7727.49,"end":7735.25,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Compliance","start":7727.49,"end":7728.09},{"text":"with","start":7728.09,"end":7728.21},{"text":"nonproliferation,","start":7728.21,"end":7729.25},{"text":"arms","start":7729.25,"end":7729.57},{"text":"control,","start":7729.57,"end":7730.05},{"text":"and","start":7730.05,"end":7730.17},{"text":"disarmament","start":7730.17,"end":7730.69},{"text":"agreements","start":7730.69,"end":7731.33},{"text":"remains","start":7731.57,"end":7731.93},{"text":"essential","start":7731.93,"end":7732.45},{"text":"for","start":7732.45,"end":7732.61},{"text":"international","start":7732.61,"end":7733.17},{"text":"peace,","start":7733.17,"end":7733.57},{"text":"security,","start":7733.81,"end":7734.45},{"text":"and","start":7734.45,"end":7734.61},{"text":"stability.","start":7734.61,"end":7735.25}]},{"text":"Persistent noncompliance by certain states is unacceptable, and we call on all member states to hold violators accountable.","start":7735.73,"end":7742.37,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Persistent","start":7735.73,"end":7736.41},{"text":"noncompliance","start":7736.41,"end":7737.09},{"text":"by","start":7737.09,"end":7737.25},{"text":"certain","start":7737.25,"end":7737.57},{"text":"states","start":7737.57,"end":7737.93},{"text":"is","start":7737.93,"end":7738.05},{"text":"unacceptable,","start":7738.05,"end":7738.85},{"text":"and","start":7739.25,"end":7739.41},{"text":"we","start":7739.41,"end":7739.49},{"text":"call","start":7739.49,"end":7739.81},{"text":"on","start":7739.81,"end":7739.97},{"text":"all","start":7739.97,"end":7740.13},{"text":"member","start":7740.13,"end":7740.45},{"text":"states","start":7740.45,"end":7740.77},{"text":"to","start":7740.77,"end":7740.89},{"text":"hold","start":7740.89,"end":7741.09},{"text":"violators","start":7741.09,"end":7741.73},{"text":"accountable.","start":7741.73,"end":7742.37}]},{"text":"Together, we must fortify the global nonproliferation regime to ensure a safer and more secure world.","start":7742.97,"end":7748.81,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Together,","start":7742.97,"end":7743.37},{"text":"we","start":7743.37,"end":7743.53},{"text":"must","start":7743.53,"end":7743.77},{"text":"fortify","start":7743.77,"end":7744.17},{"text":"the","start":7744.17,"end":7744.29},{"text":"global","start":7744.29,"end":7744.61},{"text":"nonproliferation","start":7744.61,"end":7745.45},{"text":"regime","start":7745.45,"end":7746.01},{"text":"to","start":7746.17,"end":7746.37},{"text":"ensure","start":7746.37,"end":7746.93},{"text":"a","start":7746.93,"end":7746.97},{"text":"safer","start":7746.97,"end":7747.53},{"text":"and","start":7747.53,"end":7747.69},{"text":"more","start":7747.69,"end":7747.93},{"text":"secure","start":7747.93,"end":7748.33},{"text":"world.","start":7748.33,"end":7748.81}]},{"text":"Thank 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Speakers supported continued multilateral work on norms, confidence-building, points of contact, and practical cooperation under UN auspices."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":7762.09,"end":7762.49},{"text":"Chairman,","start":7762.49,"end":7762.97},{"text":"Mexico","start":7763.29,"end":7763.89},{"text":"attaches","start":7763.89,"end":7764.57},{"text":"the","start":7764.57,"end":7764.69},{"text":"highest","start":7764.69,"end":7765.21},{"text":"priority","start":7765.21,"end":7765.77},{"text":"to","start":7765.77,"end":7765.85},{"text":"the","start":7765.85,"end":7765.97},{"text":"responsible","start":7765.97,"end":7766.65},{"text":"and","start":7766.65,"end":7766.81},{"text":"peaceful","start":7766.81,"end":7767.21},{"text":"use","start":7767.21,"end":7767.53},{"text":"of","start":7767.53,"end":7767.61},{"text":"cyberspace.","start":7767.61,"end":7768.49}]},{"text":"The digital environment must contribute to the well-being of peoples and not become a new domain for confrontation or vulnerability.","start":7768.89,"end":7775.69,"topics":[{"key":"cyber-governance","label":"Cyberspace Governance and Responsible State Behaviour","description":"A major cyber topic was the implementation of the UN framework on responsible state behavior in cyberspace and the transition from the ICT OEWG to a permanent global mechanism. Speakers supported continued multilateral work on norms, confidence-building, points of contact, and practical cooperation under UN auspices."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":7768.89,"end":7769.01},{"text":"digital","start":7769.01,"end":7769.37},{"text":"environment","start":7769.37,"end":7770.01},{"text":"must","start":7770.01,"end":7770.25},{"text":"contribute","start":7770.25,"end":7770.77},{"text":"to","start":7770.77,"end":7770.85},{"text":"the","start":7770.85,"end":7770.97},{"text":"well-being","start":7770.97,"end":7771.41},{"text":"of","start":7771.41,"end":7771.53},{"text":"peoples","start":7771.53,"end":7771.97},{"text":"and","start":7771.97,"end":7772.13},{"text":"not","start":7772.13,"end":7772.33},{"text":"become","start":7772.33,"end":7772.77},{"text":"a","start":7772.77,"end":7772.81},{"text":"new","start":7772.81,"end":7773.13},{"text":"domain","start":7773.13,"end":7773.61},{"text":"for","start":7773.61,"end":7773.77},{"text":"confrontation","start":7773.77,"end":7774.65},{"text":"or","start":7774.65,"end":7774.81},{"text":"vulnerability.","start":7774.81,"end":7775.69}]},{"text":"We need to preserve an open, free, safe, and resilient cyberspace.","start":7776.17,"end":7780.73,"topics":[{"key":"cyber-governance","label":"Cyberspace Governance and Responsible State Behaviour","description":"A major cyber topic was the implementation of the UN framework on responsible state behavior in cyberspace and the transition from the ICT OEWG to a permanent global mechanism. Speakers supported continued multilateral work on norms, confidence-building, points of contact, and practical cooperation under UN auspices."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":7776.17,"end":7776.33},{"text":"need","start":7776.33,"end":7776.53},{"text":"to","start":7776.53,"end":7776.65},{"text":"preserve","start":7776.65,"end":7777.29},{"text":"an","start":7777.41,"end":7777.61},{"text":"open,","start":7777.61,"end":7778.17},{"text":"free,","start":7778.17,"end":7778.73},{"text":"safe,","start":7778.73,"end":7779.21},{"text":"and","start":7779.21,"end":7779.37},{"text":"resilient","start":7779.37,"end":7779.85},{"text":"cyberspace.","start":7779.85,"end":7780.73}]},{"text":"Mexico reaffirms the applicability of international law, including international humanitarian law, to cyberspace.","start":7781.29,"end":7788.25,"topics":[{"key":"cyber-law-application","label":"International Law in Cyberspace","description":"Numerous delegations reaffirmed that international law applies to state conduct in cyberspace, including the UN Charter, international humanitarian law, human rights law, and the law of state responsibility. They called for deeper common understanding of how these rules apply to cyber operations, especially during armed conflict and incidents affecting critical infrastructure."}],"words":[{"text":"Mexico","start":7781.29,"end":7781.81},{"text":"reaffirms","start":7781.81,"end":7782.45},{"text":"the","start":7782.45,"end":7782.53},{"text":"applicability","start":7782.57,"end":7783.41},{"text":"of","start":7783.41,"end":7783.49},{"text":"international","start":7783.49,"end":7784.37},{"text":"law,","start":7784.37,"end":7784.45},{"text":"including","start":7784.45,"end":7784.97},{"text":"international","start":7784.97,"end":7785.61},{"text":"humanitarian","start":7785.61,"end":7786.41},{"text":"law,","start":7786.41,"end":7786.77},{"text":"to","start":7787.05,"end":7787.29},{"text":"cyberspace.","start":7787.29,"end":7788.25}]},{"text":"We reaffirm our commitment to the implementation of the standards for the responsible behavior of states, as well as underscoring the importance of balancing the cybersecurity concerns with the protection of human rights and promoting sustainable development through digital technologies.","start":7789.37,"end":7805.85,"topics":[{"key":"cyber-governance","label":"Cyberspace Governance and Responsible State Behaviour","description":"A major cyber topic was the implementation of the UN framework on responsible state behavior in cyberspace and the transition from the ICT OEWG to a permanent global mechanism. 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This included support through COPUOS, UNOOSA, regional initiatives, and national space development programmes."}],"words":[{"text":"There","start":7818.29,"end":7818.37},{"text":"must","start":7818.37,"end":7818.85},{"text":"be","start":7818.85,"end":7819.25},{"text":"genuinely","start":7819.57,"end":7820.05},{"text":"inclusive","start":7820.05,"end":7820.45},{"text":"participation","start":7820.45,"end":7821.09},{"text":"guaranteed","start":7821.09,"end":7821.81},{"text":"under","start":7821.81,"end":7822.05},{"text":"a","start":7822.05,"end":7822.09},{"text":"multi-sectoral","start":7822.09,"end":7822.85},{"text":"model,","start":7822.85,"end":7823.33},{"text":"including","start":7823.65,"end":7824.25},{"text":"the","start":7824.25,"end":7824.33},{"text":"perspectives","start":7824.33,"end":7825.01},{"text":"from","start":7825.01,"end":7825.21},{"text":"governments,","start":7825.21,"end":7825.89},{"text":"the","start":7826.05,"end":7826.21},{"text":"private","start":7826.21,"end":7826.61},{"text":"sector,","start":7826.61,"end":7827.01},{"text":"civil","start":7827.01,"end":7827.45},{"text":"society","start":7827.45,"end":7827.81},{"text":"and","start":7827.81,"end":7827.97},{"text":"academia","start":7827.97,"end":7828.61},{"text":"to","start":7829.89,"end":7830.05},{"text":"promote","start":7830.05,"end":7830.53},{"text":"cooperation","start":7830.61,"end":7831.41},{"text":"and","start":7831.41,"end":7831.65},{"text":"capacity","start":7831.65,"end":7832.17},{"text":"building","start":7832.17,"end":7832.69},{"text":"in","start":7832.85,"end":7833.09},{"text":"line","start":7833.09,"end":7833.57},{"text":"with","start":7833.65,"end":7834.05},{"text":"regional","start":7834.13,"end":7834.85},{"text":"needs.","start":7834.85,"end":7835.57}]},{"text":"Mexico will continue participating actively in regional and global fora, promoting the gender dimension, cyber diplomacy and the identification of new threats and vulnerabilities.","start":7836.21,"end":7847.49,"topics":[{"key":"cyber-governance","label":"Cyberspace Governance and Responsible State Behaviour","description":"A major cyber topic was the implementation of the UN framework on responsible state behavior in cyberspace and the transition from the ICT OEWG to a permanent global mechanism. Speakers supported continued multilateral work on norms, confidence-building, points of contact, and practical cooperation under UN auspices."}],"words":[{"text":"Mexico","start":7836.21,"end":7836.61},{"text":"will","start":7836.61,"end":7836.73},{"text":"continue","start":7836.73,"end":7837.09},{"text":"participating","start":7837.09,"end":7837.73},{"text":"actively","start":7837.73,"end":7838.29},{"text":"in","start":7838.29,"end":7838.49},{"text":"regional","start":7838.49,"end":7838.89},{"text":"and","start":7838.89,"end":7839.05},{"text":"global","start":7839.05,"end":7839.41},{"text":"fora,","start":7839.41,"end":7839.89},{"text":"promoting","start":7840.53,"end":7841.09},{"text":"the","start":7841.09,"end":7841.21},{"text":"gender","start":7841.21,"end":7841.53},{"text":"dimension,","start":7841.53,"end":7842.05},{"text":"cyber","start":7842.05,"end":7842.45},{"text":"diplomacy","start":7842.45,"end":7843.25},{"text":"and","start":7843.57,"end":7843.97},{"text":"the","start":7844.81,"end":7844.89},{"text":"identification","start":7844.89,"end":7845.69},{"text":"of","start":7845.69,"end":7845.81},{"text":"new","start":7845.81,"end":7846.13},{"text":"threats","start":7846.13,"end":7846.53},{"text":"and","start":7846.53,"end":7846.69},{"text":"vulnerabilities.","start":7846.69,"end":7847.49}]},{"text":"Mr. Chairman, it is critical for the international community to avoid a narrative of AI benefits for belligerent purposes.","start":7848.29,"end":7857.25,"topics":[{"key":"military-ai-governance","label":"Artificial Intelligence in the Military Domain","description":"The military use of artificial intelligence emerged as a distinct issue, with speakers discussing both its possible benefits and its risks for international peace and security. 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The UK reiterates the importance of maintaining a free, open, peaceful, and secure cyberspace that enhances collective security and supports global development and economic growth.","start":7927.97,"end":7939.21,"topics":[{"key":"cyber-governance","label":"Cyberspace Governance and Responsible State Behaviour","description":"A major cyber topic was the implementation of the UN framework on responsible state behavior in cyberspace and the transition from the ICT OEWG to a permanent global mechanism. 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They called for deeper common understanding of how these rules apply to cyber operations, especially during armed conflict and incidents affecting critical infrastructure."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":7940.01,"end":7940.21},{"text":"requires","start":7940.21,"end":7940.61},{"text":"all","start":7940.61,"end":7940.69},{"text":"states","start":7940.73,"end":7941.05},{"text":"to","start":7941.05,"end":7941.17},{"text":"uphold","start":7941.17,"end":7941.61},{"text":"and","start":7941.61,"end":7941.77},{"text":"implement","start":7941.77,"end":7942.25},{"text":"the","start":7942.25,"end":7942.37},{"text":"existing","start":7942.37,"end":7942.85},{"text":"UN","start":7942.85,"end":7943.05},{"text":"framework","start":7943.05,"end":7943.49},{"text":"for","start":7943.49,"end":7943.61},{"text":"responsible","start":7943.61,"end":7944.09},{"text":"state","start":7944.09,"end":7944.29},{"text":"behavior","start":7944.29,"end":7944.65},{"text":"in","start":7944.65,"end":7944.73},{"text":"cyberspace","start":7944.73,"end":7945.37},{"text":"and","start":7945.73,"end":7945.85},{"text":"existing","start":7945.85,"end":7946.29},{"text":"international","start":7946.29,"end":7946.97},{"text":"law,","start":7946.97,"end":7947.05},{"text":"including","start":7947.57,"end":7947.93},{"text":"the","start":7947.93,"end":7948.05},{"text":"UN","start":7948.05,"end":7948.41},{"text":"Charter,","start":7948.41,"end":7948.93},{"text":"the","start":7948.97,"end":7949.09},{"text":"law","start":7949.09,"end":7949.45},{"text":"of","start":7949.45,"end":7949.53},{"text":"state","start":7949.53,"end":7949.85},{"text":"responsibility,","start":7949.85,"end":7950.65},{"text":"international","start":7950.89,"end":7951.41},{"text":"human","start":7951.41,"end":7951.65},{"text":"rights","start":7951.65,"end":7952.01},{"text":"law,","start":7952.01,"end":7952.33},{"text":"and","start":7952.33,"end":7952.53},{"text":"international","start":7952.53,"end":7953.21},{"text":"humanitarian","start":7953.21,"end":7953.89},{"text":"law.","start":7953.89,"end":7954.17}]},{"text":"Cyber operations are deployed in conflicts with real-world impacts on civilians and critical infrastructure.","start":7954.89,"end":7960.65,"topics":[{"key":"critical-infrastructure-protection","label":"Protection of Critical Civilian Infrastructure","description":"Many delegations highlighted that both satellites and digital networks underpin essential civilian services such as communications, navigation, aviation, weather forecasting, health, and disaster response. 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Speakers supported continued multilateral work on norms, confidence-building, points of contact, and practical cooperation under UN auspices."}],"words":[{"text":"Chair,","start":8067.05,"end":8067.33},{"text":"the","start":8067.85,"end":8067.97},{"text":"threat","start":8068.09,"end":8068.41},{"text":"awareness","start":8068.41,"end":8068.85},{"text":"and","start":8068.85,"end":8068.97},{"text":"cybersecurity","start":8068.97,"end":8069.69},{"text":"capacity","start":8069.69,"end":8070.09},{"text":"building","start":8070.09,"end":8070.49},{"text":"are","start":8070.49,"end":8070.61},{"text":"essential","start":8070.61,"end":8071.05},{"text":"pillars","start":8071.05,"end":8071.41},{"text":"of","start":8071.41,"end":8071.53},{"text":"the","start":8071.53,"end":8071.61},{"text":"consensus","start":8071.61,"end":8072.13},{"text":"UN","start":8072.13,"end":8072.33},{"text":"framework","start":8072.33,"end":8072.81},{"text":"on","start":8072.81,"end":8072.89},{"text":"responsible","start":8072.89,"end":8073.33},{"text":"state","start":8073.33,"end":8073.57},{"text":"behavior","start":8073.57,"end":8073.97},{"text":"in","start":8073.97,"end":8074.09},{"text":"cyberspace.","start":8074.09,"end":8074.81}]},{"text":"The UK remains committed to working inclusively with its partners, member states, and relevant international organizations to promote responsible behavior in the cyber domain.","start":8075.37,"end":8084.01,"topics":[{"key":"cyber-governance","label":"Cyberspace Governance and Responsible State Behaviour","description":"A major cyber topic was the implementation of the UN framework on responsible state behavior in cyberspace and the transition from the ICT OEWG to a permanent global mechanism. 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distinguished delegates, with its final report adopted by consensus last July, 2025 marked the final year of the Open-ended Working Group on the Security of and in the Use of ICTs.","start":8289.21,"end":8301.85,"topics":[{"key":"cyber-governance","label":"Cyberspace Governance and Responsible State Behaviour","description":"A major cyber topic was the implementation of the UN framework on responsible state behavior in cyberspace and the transition from the ICT OEWG to a permanent global mechanism. 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the floor to the distinguished representative of Chile.","start":8798.69,"end":8807.09,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":8798.69,"end":8798.73},{"text":"give","start":8798.73,"end":8798.93},{"text":"now","start":8798.93,"end":8799.09},{"text":"the","start":8799.09,"end":8799.17},{"text":"floor","start":8799.17,"end":8799.41},{"text":"to","start":8799.41,"end":8799.53},{"text":"the","start":8799.53,"end":8799.61},{"text":"distinguished","start":8799.61,"end":8800.21},{"text":"representative","start":8800.21,"end":8801.61},{"text":"of","start":8801.61,"end":8801.69},{"text":"Chile.","start":8806.29,"end":8807.09}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"1st Committee","affiliation_full":"1st Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":101,"start":8807.65,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c1/80/17?lang=en&t=8808","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you very much, Chairman.","start":8807.65,"end":8809.57,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":8807.65,"end":8808.01},{"text":"you","start":8808.01,"end":8808.17},{"text":"very","start":8808.17,"end":8808.45},{"text":"much,","start":8808.45,"end":8809.05},{"text":"Chairman.","start":8809.05,"end":8809.57}]},{"text":"We'd like to underscore the outcome of the work of the Open-Ended Working Group on ICTs in the context of international security, particularly the adoption by consensus of an outcome document that paves the way for the establishment of a UN permanent mechanism on cybersecurity.","start":8810.89,"end":8831.21,"topics":[{"key":"cyber-governance","label":"Cyberspace Governance and Responsible State Behaviour","description":"A major cyber topic was the implementation of the UN framework on responsible state behavior in cyberspace and the transition from the ICT OEWG to a permanent global mechanism. 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our increasing reliance on such technologies has enhanced the threats of disruption, coercion, attacks, and other hostile activities carried out by either state or non-state actors.","start":8979.73,"end":8994.33,"topics":[{"key":"critical-infrastructure-protection","label":"Protection of Critical Civilian Infrastructure","description":"Many delegations highlighted that both satellites and digital networks underpin essential civilian services such as communications, navigation, aviation, weather forecasting, health, and disaster response. 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They warned that attacks on these systems, whether in space or cyberspace, would have serious humanitarian, economic, and security consequences."}],"words":[{"text":"These","start":8995.29,"end":8995.69},{"text":"hostile","start":8995.69,"end":8996.17},{"text":"activities","start":8996.17,"end":8996.81},{"text":"can","start":8996.81,"end":8997.05},{"text":"range","start":8997.05,"end":8997.61},{"text":"from","start":8997.85,"end":8998.17},{"text":"ransomware","start":8998.17,"end":8998.85},{"text":"operations,","start":8998.85,"end":8999.77},{"text":"which","start":8999.97,"end":9000.33},{"text":"cause","start":9000.33,"end":9000.57},{"text":"substantial","start":9000.57,"end":9001.37},{"text":"financial","start":9001.37,"end":9002.09},{"text":"losses,","start":9002.09,"end":9002.65},{"text":"to","start":9002.97,"end":9003.13},{"text":"cyber","start":9003.13,"end":9003.61},{"text":"attacks","start":9003.61,"end":9004.17},{"text":"to","start":9004.17,"end":9004.29},{"text":"critical","start":9004.29,"end":9004.77},{"text":"infrastructure,","start":9004.77,"end":9005.77},{"text":"including","start":9006.09,"end":9006.89},{"text":"energy","start":9006.97,"end":9007.37},{"text":"grids,","start":9007.37,"end":9008.01},{"text":"health","start":9008.41,"end":9008.77},{"text":"systems,","start":9008.77,"end":9009.45},{"text":"or","start":9009.45,"end":9009.69},{"text":"undersea","start":9009.69,"end":9010.09},{"text":"cables.","start":9010.09,"end":9010.81}]},{"text":"Malicious online activity can also be part of a broader hybrid warfare strategy, which, by spreading disinformation, undermines social cohesion.","start":9011.69,"end":9022.09,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Malicious","start":9011.69,"end":9012.25},{"text":"online","start":9012.25,"end":9012.65},{"text":"activity","start":9012.65,"end":9013.29},{"text":"can","start":9013.29,"end":9013.49},{"text":"also","start":9013.49,"end":9013.77},{"text":"be","start":9013.77,"end":9013.93},{"text":"part","start":9013.93,"end":9014.37},{"text":"of","start":9014.37,"end":9014.53},{"text":"a","start":9014.53,"end":9014.57},{"text":"broader","start":9014.57,"end":9015.05},{"text":"hybrid","start":9015.05,"end":9015.77},{"text":"warfare","start":9015.77,"end":9016.29},{"text":"strategy,","start":9016.29,"end":9017.05},{"text":"which,","start":9017.33,"end":9017.85},{"text":"by","start":9017.85,"end":9018.09},{"text":"spreading","start":9018.09,"end":9018.65},{"text":"disinformation,","start":9018.65,"end":9019.69},{"text":"undermines","start":9020.05,"end":9020.69},{"text":"social","start":9020.69,"end":9021.41},{"text":"cohesion.","start":9021.41,"end":9022.09}]},{"text":"The emergence of AI, with both its potential to enhance cybersecurity but also to exacerbate threats, has further complexified the scenario.","start":9023.13,"end":9033.93,"topics":[{"key":"military-ai-governance","label":"Artificial Intelligence in the Military Domain","description":"The military use of artificial intelligence emerged as a distinct issue, with speakers discussing both its possible benefits and its risks for international peace and security. 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This included support through COPUOS, UNOOSA, regional initiatives, and national space development programmes."}],"words":[{"text":"Portugal","start":9100.61,"end":9101.17},{"text":"already","start":9101.17,"end":9101.49},{"text":"does","start":9101.49,"end":9101.77},{"text":"so","start":9101.77,"end":9102.29},{"text":"in","start":9102.53,"end":9102.65},{"text":"the","start":9102.65,"end":9102.77},{"text":"strategic","start":9102.77,"end":9103.45},{"text":"cooperation","start":9103.45,"end":9104.13},{"text":"programs","start":9104.13,"end":9104.69},{"text":"with","start":9104.69,"end":9104.85},{"text":"partner","start":9104.85,"end":9105.33},{"text":"countries,","start":9105.33,"end":9106.05},{"text":"namely","start":9106.37,"end":9106.85},{"text":"by","start":9106.85,"end":9107.01},{"text":"providing","start":9107.01,"end":9107.73},{"text":"training","start":9107.73,"end":9108.21},{"text":"activities","start":9108.21,"end":9108.89},{"text":"and","start":9108.89,"end":9109.05},{"text":"technical","start":9109.05,"end":9109.57},{"text":"support.","start":9109.57,"end":9110.21}]},{"text":"But despite the importance of these bilateral actions, we can only truly protect cyberspace from threats if we engage multilaterally in the production of norms and non-binding commitments.","start":9111.25,"end":9124.05,"topics":[{"key":"cyber-governance","label":"Cyberspace Governance and Responsible State Behaviour","description":"A major cyber topic was the implementation of the UN framework on responsible state behavior in cyberspace and the transition from the ICT OEWG to a permanent global mechanism. 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Speakers supported continued multilateral work on norms, confidence-building, points of contact, and practical cooperation under UN auspices."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":9141.13,"end":9141.73},{"text":"Chair,","start":9143.01,"end":9143.41},{"text":"as","start":9143.81,"end":9143.97},{"text":"we","start":9143.97,"end":9144.09},{"text":"speak,","start":9144.09,"end":9144.53},{"text":"the","start":9144.77,"end":9144.93},{"text":"risks","start":9144.93,"end":9145.33},{"text":"of","start":9145.33,"end":9145.49},{"text":"militarization,","start":9145.49,"end":9146.61},{"text":"polarization,","start":9146.61,"end":9147.41},{"text":"and","start":9147.41,"end":9147.73},{"text":"fragmentation","start":9147.73,"end":9149.01},{"text":"in","start":9149.01,"end":9149.17},{"text":"cyberspace","start":9149.17,"end":9149.81},{"text":"are","start":9149.81,"end":9149.89},{"text":"on","start":9149.89,"end":9150.01},{"text":"the","start":9150.01,"end":9150.13},{"text":"rise,","start":9150.13,"end":9150.53},{"text":"posing","start":9150.85,"end":9151.17},{"text":"grave","start":9151.17,"end":9151.45},{"text":"challenges","start":9151.45,"end":9151.97},{"text":"to","start":9151.97,"end":9152.05},{"text":"global","start":9152.05,"end":9152.45},{"text":"cyber","start":9152.45,"end":9152.81},{"text":"governance.","start":9152.81,"end":9153.41}]},{"text":"President Xi Jinping of China has proposed the Global Governance Initiative, offering important guidance for strengthening and improving global governance on the internet.","start":9153.73,"end":9162.89,"topics":[{"key":"cyber-governance","label":"Cyberspace Governance and Responsible State Behaviour","description":"A major cyber topic was the implementation of the UN framework on responsible state behavior in cyberspace and the transition from the ICT OEWG to a permanent global mechanism. 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Chair.","start":9334.49,"end":9335.41,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":9334.49,"end":9334.73},{"text":"you,","start":9334.73,"end":9334.85},{"text":"Mr.","start":9334.85,"end":9335.13},{"text":"Chair.","start":9335.13,"end":9335.41}]},{"text":"Malaysia aligns itself with the statements made by NAM and by ASEAN.","start":9335.69,"end":9339.85,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Malaysia","start":9335.69,"end":9336.17},{"text":"aligns","start":9336.17,"end":9336.49},{"text":"itself","start":9336.49,"end":9336.85},{"text":"with","start":9336.85,"end":9336.97},{"text":"the","start":9336.97,"end":9337.05},{"text":"statements","start":9337.05,"end":9337.53},{"text":"made","start":9337.53,"end":9337.77},{"text":"by","start":9337.77,"end":9337.93},{"text":"NAM","start":9337.93,"end":9338.33},{"text":"and","start":9338.57,"end":9338.97},{"text":"by","start":9338.97,"end":9339.29},{"text":"ASEAN.","start":9339.29,"end":9339.85}]},{"text":"Sustained multilateral cooperation is vital in 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Speakers supported continued multilateral work on norms, confidence-building, points of contact, and practical cooperation under UN auspices."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":9396.49,"end":9396.53},{"text":"role","start":9396.53,"end":9396.85},{"text":"of","start":9396.85,"end":9396.97},{"text":"regional","start":9396.97,"end":9397.37},{"text":"efforts","start":9397.37,"end":9397.93},{"text":"has","start":9397.93,"end":9398.09},{"text":"featured","start":9398.09,"end":9398.45},{"text":"prominently","start":9398.45,"end":9399.21},{"text":"in","start":9399.21,"end":9399.37},{"text":"the","start":9399.37,"end":9399.49},{"text":"OEWG's","start":9399.49,"end":9400.41},{"text":"deliberations","start":9400.41,"end":9401.29},{"text":"and","start":9401.61,"end":9401.81},{"text":"should","start":9401.81,"end":9401.93},{"text":"continue","start":9401.93,"end":9402.33},{"text":"to","start":9402.33,"end":9402.45},{"text":"do","start":9402.45,"end":9402.65},{"text":"so","start":9402.65,"end":9402.97},{"text":"under","start":9403.05,"end":9403.61},{"text":"the","start":9403.77,"end":9403.89},{"text":"global","start":9403.89,"end":9404.25},{"text":"mechanism.","start":9404.25,"end":9404.89}]},{"text":"My delegation is pleased that ASEAN's experience contributed to discussions on the global PoC directory, among other issues.","start":9405.21,"end":9414.17,"topics":[{"key":"cyber-governance","label":"Cyberspace Governance and Responsible State Behaviour","description":"A major cyber topic was the implementation of the UN framework on responsible state behavior in cyberspace and the transition from the ICT OEWG to a permanent global mechanism. Speakers supported continued multilateral work on norms, confidence-building, points of contact, and practical cooperation under UN auspices."}],"words":[{"text":"My","start":9405.21,"end":9405.37},{"text":"delegation","start":9405.37,"end":9406.01},{"text":"is","start":9406.01,"end":9406.09},{"text":"pleased","start":9406.09,"end":9406.65},{"text":"that","start":9406.65,"end":9406.97},{"text":"ASEAN's","start":9406.97,"end":9407.69},{"text":"experience","start":9407.69,"end":9408.41},{"text":"contributed","start":9408.73,"end":9409.29},{"text":"to","start":9409.29,"end":9409.45},{"text":"discussions","start":9409.45,"end":9410.25},{"text":"on","start":9410.57,"end":9410.89},{"text":"the","start":9410.89,"end":9410.97},{"text":"global","start":9410.97,"end":9411.37},{"text":"PoC","start":9411.37,"end":9411.85},{"text":"directory,","start":9411.85,"end":9412.49},{"text":"among","start":9412.73,"end":9413.21},{"text":"other","start":9413.29,"end":9413.57},{"text":"issues.","start":9413.57,"end":9414.17}]},{"text":"Malaysia is fully committed to ASEAN's ongoing efforts to strengthen cybersecurity in our region, underpinned by the ASEAN Digital Masterplan 2025.","start":9414.65,"end":9423.61,"topics":[{"key":"cyber-governance","label":"Cyberspace Governance and Responsible State Behaviour","description":"A major cyber topic was the implementation of the UN framework on responsible state behavior in cyberspace and the transition from the ICT OEWG to a permanent global mechanism. Speakers supported continued multilateral work on norms, confidence-building, points of contact, and practical cooperation under UN auspices."}],"words":[{"text":"Malaysia","start":9414.65,"end":9414.97},{"text":"is","start":9414.97,"end":9415.13},{"text":"fully","start":9415.13,"end":9415.41},{"text":"committed","start":9415.41,"end":9415.81},{"text":"to","start":9415.81,"end":9415.97},{"text":"ASEAN's","start":9415.97,"end":9416.45},{"text":"ongoing","start":9416.45,"end":9416.89},{"text":"efforts","start":9416.89,"end":9417.37},{"text":"to","start":9417.45,"end":9417.57},{"text":"strengthen","start":9417.61,"end":9418.25},{"text":"cybersecurity","start":9418.25,"end":9419.13},{"text":"in","start":9419.13,"end":9419.29},{"text":"our","start":9419.29,"end":9419.49},{"text":"region,","start":9419.49,"end":9420.01},{"text":"underpinned","start":9420.33,"end":9420.89},{"text":"by","start":9420.89,"end":9421.05},{"text":"the","start":9421.05,"end":9421.25},{"text":"ASEAN","start":9421.25,"end":9421.69},{"text":"Digital","start":9421.69,"end":9422.09},{"text":"Masterplan","start":9422.09,"end":9422.73},{"text":"2025.","start":9422.73,"end":9423.61}]},{"text":"and the ASEAN Cybersecurity Cooperation Strategy 2021-2025 and their forthcoming successor documents.","start":9424.65,"end":9432.09,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"and","start":9424.65,"end":9424.89},{"text":"the","start":9424.89,"end":9425.09},{"text":"ASEAN","start":9425.09,"end":9425.53},{"text":"Cybersecurity","start":9425.53,"end":9426.29},{"text":"Cooperation","start":9426.29,"end":9426.97},{"text":"Strategy","start":9426.97,"end":9427.45},{"text":"2021-2025","start":9427.45,"end":9429.85},{"text":"and","start":9430.01,"end":9430.29},{"text":"their","start":9430.29,"end":9430.41},{"text":"forthcoming","start":9430.41,"end":9431.05},{"text":"successor","start":9431.05,"end":9431.49},{"text":"documents.","start":9431.49,"end":9432.09}]},{"text":"We welcome progress made by ASEAN with regard to Inter-ASEAN, the ASEAN Regional Computer Emergency Response Team, and the ASEAN Regional Action Plan on the Implementation of the Norms of Responsible State Behaviour in Cyberspace.","start":9432.49,"end":9446.89,"topics":[{"key":"cyber-governance","label":"Cyberspace Governance and Responsible State Behaviour","description":"A major cyber topic was the implementation of the UN framework on responsible state behavior in cyberspace and the transition from the ICT OEWG to a permanent global mechanism. Speakers supported continued multilateral work on norms, confidence-building, points of contact, and practical cooperation under UN auspices."},{"key":"space-behavior-norms","label":"Space Norms and Confidence-Building Measures","description":"Several statements emphasized norms, rules, principles of responsible behavior, transparency, and confidence-building measures as tools to reduce misunderstanding and escalation in space. Many delegations described these measures as practical steps that should complement, and in some cases help prepare, future legal instruments."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":9432.49,"end":9432.61},{"text":"welcome","start":9432.65,"end":9433.13},{"text":"progress","start":9433.13,"end":9433.69},{"text":"made","start":9433.69,"end":9433.93},{"text":"by","start":9433.93,"end":9434.17},{"text":"ASEAN","start":9434.17,"end":9434.57},{"text":"with","start":9434.57,"end":9434.81},{"text":"regard","start":9434.81,"end":9435.17},{"text":"to","start":9435.17,"end":9435.61},{"text":"Inter-ASEAN,","start":9435.93,"end":9436.73},{"text":"the","start":9436.81,"end":9437.17},{"text":"ASEAN","start":9437.17,"end":9437.61},{"text":"Regional","start":9437.61,"end":9438.17},{"text":"Computer","start":9438.33,"end":9438.89},{"text":"Emergency","start":9438.89,"end":9439.53},{"text":"Response","start":9439.53,"end":9440.09},{"text":"Team,","start":9440.09,"end":9440.49},{"text":"and","start":9440.81,"end":9441.01},{"text":"the","start":9441.01,"end":9441.09},{"text":"ASEAN","start":9441.09,"end":9441.45},{"text":"Regional","start":9441.45,"end":9441.85},{"text":"Action","start":9441.85,"end":9442.17},{"text":"Plan","start":9442.17,"end":9442.57},{"text":"on","start":9442.57,"end":9442.73},{"text":"the","start":9442.73,"end":9442.81},{"text":"Implementation","start":9442.81,"end":9443.69},{"text":"of","start":9443.69,"end":9443.77},{"text":"the","start":9443.77,"end":9443.89},{"text":"Norms","start":9443.89,"end":9444.33},{"text":"of","start":9444.37,"end":9444.49},{"text":"Responsible","start":9444.49,"end":9445.09},{"text":"State","start":9445.09,"end":9445.37},{"text":"Behaviour","start":9445.37,"end":9445.89},{"text":"in","start":9445.89,"end":9446.09},{"text":"Cyberspace.","start":9446.09,"end":9446.89}]},{"text":"In delineating the contents of the new global mechanism, divergences and substantive or procedural issues should not detract from the overarching goal of the full implementation and further development of the framework for responsible state behavior in the use of ICTs.","start":9447.61,"end":9464.49,"topics":[{"key":"cyber-governance","label":"Cyberspace Governance and Responsible State Behaviour","description":"A major cyber topic was the implementation of the UN framework on responsible state behavior in cyberspace and the transition from the ICT OEWG to a permanent global mechanism. Speakers supported continued multilateral work on norms, confidence-building, points of contact, and practical cooperation under UN auspices."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":9447.61,"end":9447.77},{"text":"delineating","start":9447.77,"end":9448.57},{"text":"the","start":9448.57,"end":9448.69},{"text":"contents","start":9448.69,"end":9449.45},{"text":"of","start":9449.45,"end":9449.61},{"text":"the","start":9449.61,"end":9449.73},{"text":"new","start":9449.77,"end":9450.17},{"text":"global","start":9450.17,"end":9450.57},{"text":"mechanism,","start":9450.57,"end":9451.13},{"text":"divergences","start":9451.45,"end":9452.37},{"text":"and","start":9452.37,"end":9452.49},{"text":"substantive","start":9452.49,"end":9453.21},{"text":"or","start":9453.21,"end":9453.41},{"text":"procedural","start":9453.41,"end":9453.93},{"text":"issues","start":9453.93,"end":9454.49},{"text":"should","start":9454.65,"end":9454.89},{"text":"not","start":9454.89,"end":9455.13},{"text":"detract","start":9455.13,"end":9455.69},{"text":"from","start":9455.77,"end":9456.01},{"text":"the","start":9456.01,"end":9456.13},{"text":"overarching","start":9456.17,"end":9456.73},{"text":"goal","start":9456.73,"end":9457.13},{"text":"of","start":9457.37,"end":9457.53},{"text":"the","start":9457.53,"end":9457.65},{"text":"full","start":9457.65,"end":9457.85},{"text":"implementation","start":9457.85,"end":9458.81},{"text":"and","start":9458.89,"end":9459.17},{"text":"further","start":9459.17,"end":9459.45},{"text":"development","start":9459.45,"end":9460.17},{"text":"of","start":9460.17,"end":9460.33},{"text":"the","start":9460.33,"end":9460.41},{"text":"framework","start":9460.41,"end":9460.97},{"text":"for","start":9460.97,"end":9461.13},{"text":"responsible","start":9461.13,"end":9461.81},{"text":"state","start":9461.81,"end":9462.09},{"text":"behavior","start":9462.09,"end":9462.65},{"text":"in","start":9462.89,"end":9463.05},{"text":"the","start":9463.05,"end":9463.13},{"text":"use","start":9463.13,"end":9463.45},{"text":"of","start":9463.53,"end":9463.69},{"text":"ICTs.","start":9463.69,"end":9464.49}]},{"text":"The maintenance of a single track approach is indispensable with the active participation of developing countries remaining a key consideration for effectiveness and sustainability.","start":9464.89,"end":9475.05,"topics":[{"key":"cyber-governance","label":"Cyberspace Governance and Responsible State Behaviour","description":"A major cyber topic was the implementation of the UN framework on responsible state behavior in cyberspace and the transition from the ICT OEWG to a permanent global mechanism. Speakers supported continued multilateral work on norms, confidence-building, points of contact, and practical cooperation under UN auspices."},{"key":"space-access-capacity","label":"Equitable Access and Capacity Building in Space","description":"Delegations repeatedly called for international cooperation, technology sharing, and capacity building so that developing countries, emerging space actors, and small states can benefit from peaceful space activities. This included support through COPUOS, UNOOSA, regional initiatives, and national space development programmes."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":9464.89,"end":9465.05},{"text":"maintenance","start":9465.05,"end":9465.65},{"text":"of","start":9465.65,"end":9465.73},{"text":"a","start":9465.73,"end":9465.77},{"text":"single","start":9465.77,"end":9466.17},{"text":"track","start":9466.17,"end":9466.41},{"text":"approach","start":9466.41,"end":9466.89},{"text":"is","start":9466.89,"end":9467.13},{"text":"indispensable","start":9467.13,"end":9468.01},{"text":"with","start":9468.25,"end":9468.45},{"text":"the","start":9468.45,"end":9468.53},{"text":"active","start":9468.53,"end":9468.97},{"text":"participation","start":9468.97,"end":9469.77},{"text":"of","start":9469.77,"end":9469.85},{"text":"developing","start":9469.85,"end":9470.33},{"text":"countries","start":9470.33,"end":9470.89},{"text":"remaining","start":9470.89,"end":9471.53},{"text":"a","start":9471.53,"end":9471.61},{"text":"key","start":9471.61,"end":9471.89},{"text":"consideration","start":9471.89,"end":9472.81},{"text":"for","start":9472.81,"end":9473.01},{"text":"effectiveness","start":9473.01,"end":9473.77},{"text":"and","start":9473.85,"end":9474.17},{"text":"sustainability.","start":9474.17,"end":9475.05}]},{"text":"We cannot afford the risk of fragmentation either in the framework itself or its institutional basis under UN auspices.","start":9475.65,"end":9483.25,"topics":[{"key":"cyber-governance","label":"Cyberspace Governance and Responsible State Behaviour","description":"A major cyber topic was the implementation of the UN framework on responsible state behavior in cyberspace and the transition from the ICT OEWG to a permanent global mechanism. Speakers supported continued multilateral work on norms, confidence-building, points of contact, and practical cooperation under UN auspices."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":9475.65,"end":9475.69},{"text":"cannot","start":9475.69,"end":9475.97},{"text":"afford","start":9475.97,"end":9476.29},{"text":"the","start":9476.29,"end":9476.37},{"text":"risk","start":9476.37,"end":9476.65},{"text":"of","start":9476.65,"end":9476.73},{"text":"fragmentation","start":9476.73,"end":9477.65},{"text":"either","start":9477.65,"end":9478.01},{"text":"in","start":9478.01,"end":9478.09},{"text":"the","start":9478.09,"end":9478.17},{"text":"framework","start":9478.17,"end":9478.57},{"text":"itself","start":9478.57,"end":9479.09},{"text":"or","start":9479.09,"end":9479.49},{"text":"its","start":9479.49,"end":9479.77},{"text":"institutional","start":9479.77,"end":9480.69},{"text":"basis","start":9480.77,"end":9481.41},{"text":"under","start":9481.41,"end":9481.85},{"text":"UN","start":9481.89,"end":9482.37},{"text":"auspices.","start":9482.45,"end":9483.25}]},{"text":"In addition, Malaysia looks forward to further multilateral discussions on the important subject of artificial intelligence in the military domain.","start":9483.73,"end":9491.57,"topics":[{"key":"military-ai-governance","label":"Artificial Intelligence in the Military Domain","description":"The military use of artificial intelligence emerged as a distinct issue, with speakers discussing both its possible benefits and its risks for international peace and security. Delegations debated the need for responsible, lawful, and ethical use of AI, human oversight, and whether the UN should play a stronger role in shaping norms and future governance."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":9483.73,"end":9483.93},{"text":"addition,","start":9483.93,"end":9484.29},{"text":"Malaysia","start":9484.29,"end":9484.69},{"text":"looks","start":9484.69,"end":9484.85},{"text":"forward","start":9484.85,"end":9485.21},{"text":"to","start":9485.21,"end":9485.29},{"text":"further","start":9485.29,"end":9485.65},{"text":"multilateral","start":9485.65,"end":9486.21},{"text":"discussions","start":9486.21,"end":9486.93},{"text":"on","start":9486.93,"end":9487.01},{"text":"the","start":9487.01,"end":9487.13},{"text":"important","start":9487.13,"end":9487.61},{"text":"subject","start":9487.61,"end":9488.13},{"text":"of","start":9488.21,"end":9488.37},{"text":"artificial","start":9488.37,"end":9488.93},{"text":"intelligence","start":9488.93,"end":9489.57},{"text":"in","start":9489.97,"end":9490.21},{"text":"the","start":9490.21,"end":9490.33},{"text":"military","start":9490.45,"end":9491.01},{"text":"domain.","start":9491.01,"end":9491.57}]},{"text":"I thank you, Mr. Chair.","start":9491.97,"end":9493.25,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":9491.97,"end":9492.05},{"text":"thank","start":9492.05,"end":9492.33},{"text":"you,","start":9492.33,"end":9492.53},{"text":"Mr.","start":9492.69,"end":9493.05},{"text":"Chair.","start":9493.05,"end":9493.25}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"MYS","affiliation_full":"Malaysia","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":109,"start":9495.17,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c1/80/17?lang=en&t=9496","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, the representative of Malaysia, for his statement.","start":9495.17,"end":9498.21,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":9495.17,"end":9495.37},{"text":"you,","start":9495.37,"end":9495.45},{"text":"the","start":9495.45,"end":9495.53},{"text":"representative","start":9495.53,"end":9496.29},{"text":"of","start":9496.29,"end":9496.37},{"text":"Malaysia,","start":9496.69,"end":9497.25},{"text":"for","start":9497.25,"end":9497.41},{"text":"his","start":9497.41,"end":9497.53},{"text":"statement.","start":9497.53,"end":9498.21}]},{"text":"And again, the floor to the distinguished representative of Estonia.","start":9498.21,"end":9501.89,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":9498.21,"end":9498.53},{"text":"again,","start":9498.89,"end":9499.17},{"text":"the","start":9499.17,"end":9499.33},{"text":"floor","start":9499.33,"end":9499.49},{"text":"to","start":9499.49,"end":9499.65},{"text":"the","start":9499.65,"end":9499.77},{"text":"distinguished","start":9499.77,"end":9500.29},{"text":"representative","start":9500.29,"end":9500.93},{"text":"of","start":9501.09,"end":9501.33},{"text":"Estonia.","start":9501.33,"end":9501.89}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"1st Committee","affiliation_full":"1st Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":110,"start":9507.21,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c1/80/17?lang=en&t=9508","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Estonia aligns itself with the statement delivered by the European Union.","start":9507.21,"end":9511.37,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Estonia","start":9507.21,"end":9507.61},{"text":"aligns","start":9507.61,"end":9507.93},{"text":"itself","start":9507.93,"end":9508.33},{"text":"with","start":9508.69,"end":9508.85},{"text":"the","start":9508.85,"end":9508.93},{"text":"statement","start":9508.93,"end":9509.77},{"text":"delivered","start":9509.77,"end":9510.09},{"text":"by","start":9510.09,"end":9510.25},{"text":"the","start":9510.25,"end":9510.37},{"text":"European","start":9510.37,"end":9510.81},{"text":"Union.","start":9510.81,"end":9511.37}]},{"text":"In addition, we would like to highlight the following points in our national capacity.","start":9511.93,"end":9516.89,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":9511.93,"end":9512.05},{"text":"addition,","start":9512.05,"end":9512.65},{"text":"we","start":9512.65,"end":9512.77},{"text":"would","start":9512.77,"end":9512.89},{"text":"like","start":9512.89,"end":9513.13},{"text":"to","start":9513.13,"end":9513.37},{"text":"highlight","start":9513.37,"end":9514.09},{"text":"the","start":9514.09,"end":9514.21},{"text":"following","start":9514.21,"end":9514.57},{"text":"points","start":9514.57,"end":9514.89},{"text":"in","start":9514.89,"end":9515.09},{"text":"our","start":9515.09,"end":9515.37},{"text":"national","start":9515.77,"end":9516.25},{"text":"capacity.","start":9516.25,"end":9516.89}]},{"text":"We welcome the consensus reached in July 2025 on the final report of the Open-ended Working Group and the establishment of the global mechanism as the new permanent United Nations forum to continue this important work.","start":9517.93,"end":9532.09,"topics":[{"key":"cyber-governance","label":"Cyberspace Governance and Responsible State Behaviour","description":"A major cyber topic was the implementation of the UN framework on responsible state behavior in cyberspace and the transition from the ICT OEWG to a permanent global mechanism. Speakers supported continued multilateral work on norms, confidence-building, points of contact, and practical cooperation under UN auspices."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":9517.93,"end":9518.13},{"text":"welcome","start":9518.13,"end":9518.57},{"text":"the","start":9518.57,"end":9518.69},{"text":"consensus","start":9518.69,"end":9519.29},{"text":"reached","start":9519.29,"end":9519.77},{"text":"in","start":9519.77,"end":9519.85},{"text":"July","start":9519.85,"end":9520.25},{"text":"2025","start":9520.25,"end":9521.37},{"text":"on","start":9521.37,"end":9521.49},{"text":"the","start":9521.49,"end":9521.57},{"text":"final","start":9521.57,"end":9521.93},{"text":"report","start":9521.93,"end":9522.57},{"text":"of","start":9522.65,"end":9522.73},{"text":"the","start":9522.73,"end":9522.85},{"text":"Open-ended","start":9522.85,"end":9523.45},{"text":"Working","start":9523.45,"end":9523.81},{"text":"Group","start":9523.81,"end":9524.17},{"text":"and","start":9524.81,"end":9525.01},{"text":"the","start":9525.01,"end":9525.09},{"text":"establishment","start":9525.09,"end":9525.77},{"text":"of","start":9525.77,"end":9525.85},{"text":"the","start":9525.85,"end":9525.97},{"text":"global","start":9525.97,"end":9526.33},{"text":"mechanism","start":9526.33,"end":9527.13},{"text":"as","start":9527.41,"end":9527.53},{"text":"the","start":9527.53,"end":9527.61},{"text":"new","start":9527.61,"end":9527.77},{"text":"permanent","start":9527.77,"end":9528.49},{"text":"United","start":9528.73,"end":9529.13},{"text":"Nations","start":9529.13,"end":9529.53},{"text":"forum","start":9529.53,"end":9529.93},{"text":"to","start":9529.93,"end":9530.01},{"text":"continue","start":9530.49,"end":9531.05},{"text":"this","start":9531.05,"end":9531.29},{"text":"important","start":9531.29,"end":9531.73},{"text":"work.","start":9531.73,"end":9532.09}]},{"text":"The relevance and value of the global mechanism will depend on our ability to candidly explore and address the threats, both existing and emerging, that have serious implications for international peace and security in cyberspace.","start":9533.89,"end":9548.77,"topics":[{"key":"cyber-governance","label":"Cyberspace Governance and Responsible State Behaviour","description":"A major cyber topic was the implementation of the UN framework on responsible state behavior in cyberspace and the transition from the ICT OEWG to a permanent global mechanism. 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Delegations debated the need for responsible, lawful, and ethical use of AI, human oversight, and whether the UN should play a stronger role in shaping norms and future governance."}],"words":[{"text":"Artificial","start":9671.49,"end":9672.05},{"text":"intelligence","start":9672.05,"end":9672.81},{"text":"is","start":9672.81,"end":9672.97},{"text":"rapidly","start":9672.97,"end":9673.53},{"text":"transforming","start":9673.53,"end":9674.25},{"text":"our","start":9674.25,"end":9674.33},{"text":"societies","start":9674.33,"end":9675.05},{"text":"and","start":9675.05,"end":9675.17},{"text":"international","start":9675.17,"end":9675.77},{"text":"security.","start":9675.77,"end":9676.57}]},{"text":"Estonia welcomes the initiative by the Republic of Korea and the Netherlands to bring the use of military AI and international security.","start":9677.21,"end":9684.73,"topics":[{"key":"military-ai-governance","label":"Artificial Intelligence in the Military Domain","description":"The military use of artificial intelligence emerged as a distinct issue, with speakers discussing both its possible benefits and its risks for international peace and security. Delegations debated the need for responsible, lawful, and ethical use of AI, human oversight, and whether the UN should play a stronger role in shaping norms and future governance."}],"words":[{"text":"Estonia","start":9677.21,"end":9677.61},{"text":"welcomes","start":9677.61,"end":9678.05},{"text":"the","start":9678.05,"end":9678.13},{"text":"initiative","start":9678.13,"end":9678.73},{"text":"by","start":9678.73,"end":9678.97},{"text":"the","start":9678.97,"end":9679.05},{"text":"Republic","start":9679.05,"end":9679.49},{"text":"of","start":9679.49,"end":9679.61},{"text":"Korea","start":9679.61,"end":9679.97},{"text":"and","start":9679.97,"end":9680.13},{"text":"the","start":9680.13,"end":9680.21},{"text":"Netherlands","start":9680.21,"end":9680.81},{"text":"to","start":9680.81,"end":9680.93},{"text":"bring","start":9680.93,"end":9681.29},{"text":"the","start":9681.29,"end":9681.45},{"text":"use","start":9681.45,"end":9681.69},{"text":"of","start":9681.69,"end":9681.77},{"text":"military","start":9681.77,"end":9682.57},{"text":"AI","start":9682.57,"end":9682.89},{"text":"and","start":9683.29,"end":9683.57},{"text":"international","start":9683.57,"end":9684.05},{"text":"security.","start":9684.05,"end":9684.73}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"EST","affiliation_full":"Estonia","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":111,"start":9686.33,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c1/80/17?lang=en&t=9687","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the representative of Estonia for his statement.","start":9686.33,"end":9688.97,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":9686.33,"end":9686.49},{"text":"thank","start":9686.49,"end":9686.81},{"text":"the","start":9686.81,"end":9686.93},{"text":"representative","start":9687.25,"end":9687.77},{"text":"of","start":9687.77,"end":9687.85},{"text":"Estonia","start":9687.85,"end":9688.21},{"text":"for","start":9688.21,"end":9688.33},{"text":"his","start":9688.33,"end":9688.49},{"text":"statement.","start":9688.49,"end":9688.97}]},{"text":"I give now the floor to the distinguished representative of Canada.","start":9688.97,"end":9691.53,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":9688.97,"end":9689.01},{"text":"give","start":9689.01,"end":9689.13},{"text":"now","start":9689.13,"end":9689.25},{"text":"the","start":9689.29,"end":9689.41},{"text":"floor","start":9689.41,"end":9689.61},{"text":"to","start":9689.61,"end":9689.73},{"text":"the","start":9689.77,"end":9689.85},{"text":"distinguished","start":9689.85,"end":9690.33},{"text":"representative","start":9690.33,"end":9690.89},{"text":"of","start":9690.93,"end":9691.01},{"text":"Canada.","start":9691.05,"end":9691.53}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"1st Committee","affiliation_full":"1st Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":112,"start":9697.37,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c1/80/17?lang=en&t=9698","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Chair.","start":9697.37,"end":9697.93,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":9697.37,"end":9697.57},{"text":"you,","start":9697.57,"end":9697.65},{"text":"Chair.","start":9697.65,"end":9697.93}]},{"text":"There are numerous cross-cutting disarmament issues which impact our work in the First Committee.","start":9699.85,"end":9707.37,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"There","start":9699.85,"end":9699.93},{"text":"are","start":9699.93,"end":9700.01},{"text":"numerous","start":9700.01,"end":9700.89},{"text":"cross-cutting","start":9702.57,"end":9703.09},{"text":"disarmament","start":9703.09,"end":9703.69},{"text":"issues","start":9703.69,"end":9704.17},{"text":"which","start":9704.17,"end":9704.65},{"text":"impact","start":9704.65,"end":9705.29},{"text":"our","start":9705.29,"end":9705.53},{"text":"work","start":9705.53,"end":9706.09},{"text":"in","start":9706.17,"end":9706.45},{"text":"the","start":9706.45,"end":9706.57},{"text":"First","start":9706.57,"end":9706.85},{"text":"Committee.","start":9706.85,"end":9707.37}]},{"text":"I would like to address three of these issues in this statement, namely cybersecurity, artificial intelligence and emerging technologies, and the diversity, equity and inclusion of UN disarmament bodies.","start":9708.57,"end":9723.05,"topics":[{"key":"cyber-governance","label":"Cyberspace Governance and Responsible State Behaviour","description":"A major cyber topic was the implementation of the UN framework on responsible state behavior in cyberspace and the transition from the ICT OEWG to a permanent global mechanism. Speakers supported continued multilateral work on norms, confidence-building, points of contact, and practical cooperation under UN auspices."},{"key":"military-ai-governance","label":"Artificial Intelligence in the Military Domain","description":"The military use of artificial intelligence emerged as a distinct issue, with speakers discussing both its possible benefits and its risks for international peace and security. 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Speakers supported continued multilateral work on norms, confidence-building, points of contact, and practical cooperation under UN auspices."}],"words":[{"text":"On","start":9723.85,"end":9724.09},{"text":"cybersecurity,","start":9724.09,"end":9725.05},{"text":"Canada","start":9725.69,"end":9726.17},{"text":"welcomes","start":9726.17,"end":9727.05},{"text":"the","start":9727.13,"end":9727.45},{"text":"consensus","start":9727.93,"end":9728.73},{"text":"outcome","start":9728.73,"end":9729.45},{"text":"last","start":9730.05,"end":9730.37},{"text":"July","start":9730.37,"end":9730.93},{"text":"of","start":9730.93,"end":9731.25},{"text":"the","start":9731.25,"end":9731.37},{"text":"2021-2025","start":9731.37,"end":9734.21},{"text":"Open-Ended","start":9734.21,"end":9734.77},{"text":"Working","start":9734.77,"end":9735.33},{"text":"Group,","start":9735.41,"end":9735.89},{"text":"and","start":9737.33,"end":9737.57},{"text":"we","start":9737.57,"end":9737.73},{"text":"commend","start":9737.73,"end":9738.37},{"text":"Singapore's","start":9738.37,"end":9739.25},{"text":"efforts","start":9739.25,"end":9739.73},{"text":"in","start":9740.05,"end":9740.45},{"text":"chairing","start":9740.53,"end":9741.13},{"text":"that","start":9741.13,"end":9741.33},{"text":"group.","start":9741.33,"end":9741.65}]},{"text":"We look forward to continuing these important discussions after a seamless transition towards the single-track successive body to the open-ended working group, the global mechanism on developments in the field of ICT in the context of international security and advancing responsible state behavior in the use of ICTs.","start":9742.45,"end":9766.33,"topics":[{"key":"cyber-governance","label":"Cyberspace Governance and Responsible State Behaviour","description":"A major cyber topic was the implementation of the UN framework on responsible state behavior in cyberspace and the transition from the ICT OEWG to a permanent global mechanism. 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Delegations debated the need for responsible, lawful, and ethical use of AI, human oversight, and whether the UN should play a stronger role in shaping norms and future governance."},{"key":"cyber-law-application","label":"International Law in Cyberspace","description":"Numerous delegations reaffirmed that international law applies to state conduct in cyberspace, including the UN Charter, international humanitarian law, human rights law, and the law of state responsibility. They called for deeper common understanding of how these rules apply to cyber operations, especially during armed conflict and incidents affecting critical infrastructure."}],"words":[{"text":"On","start":9768.29,"end":9768.37},{"text":"artificial","start":9768.37,"end":9768.93},{"text":"intelligence,","start":9768.93,"end":9769.77},{"text":"Canada","start":9769.77,"end":9770.29},{"text":"is","start":9770.33,"end":9770.57},{"text":"once","start":9770.57,"end":9770.81},{"text":"again","start":9770.81,"end":9771.13},{"text":"fully","start":9771.13,"end":9771.53},{"text":"supportive","start":9771.53,"end":9772.17},{"text":"of","start":9772.17,"end":9772.33},{"text":"the","start":9772.33,"end":9772.41},{"text":"joint","start":9772.41,"end":9772.73},{"text":"resolution","start":9772.73,"end":9773.37},{"text":"put","start":9773.37,"end":9773.61},{"text":"forward","start":9773.61,"end":9774.01},{"text":"by","start":9774.01,"end":9774.17},{"text":"the","start":9774.17,"end":9774.29},{"text":"Republic","start":9774.29,"end":9774.77},{"text":"of","start":9774.77,"end":9774.89},{"text":"Korea","start":9774.89,"end":9775.25},{"text":"and","start":9775.25,"end":9775.49},{"text":"the","start":9775.49,"end":9775.57},{"text":"Netherlands,","start":9775.57,"end":9776.25},{"text":"Artificial","start":9776.49,"end":9777.13},{"text":"Intelligence","start":9777.13,"end":9777.85},{"text":"in","start":9777.85,"end":9777.93},{"text":"the","start":9777.93,"end":9778.05},{"text":"Military","start":9778.05,"end":9778.65},{"text":"Domain","start":9778.65,"end":9779.13},{"text":"and","start":9779.13,"end":9779.33},{"text":"its","start":9779.33,"end":9779.45},{"text":"Implications","start":9779.45,"end":9780.17},{"text":"for","start":9780.17,"end":9780.33},{"text":"International","start":9780.33,"end":9781.05},{"text":"Peace","start":9781.05,"end":9781.33},{"text":"and","start":9781.33,"end":9781.45},{"text":"Security,","start":9781.45,"end":9782.01},{"text":"which","start":9782.25,"end":9782.65},{"text":"reaffirms","start":9782.65,"end":9783.37},{"text":"the","start":9783.37,"end":9783.49},{"text":"applicability","start":9783.49,"end":9784.33},{"text":"of","start":9784.33,"end":9784.45},{"text":"international","start":9784.45,"end":9785.45},{"text":"law,","start":9785.61,"end":9785.69},{"text":"international","start":9785.69,"end":9786.57},{"text":"human","start":9786.57,"end":9786.89},{"text":"rights","start":9786.89,"end":9787.29},{"text":"law,","start":9787.29,"end":9787.61},{"text":"and","start":9787.69,"end":9787.97},{"text":"the","start":9787.97,"end":9788.09},{"text":"UN","start":9788.09,"end":9788.49},{"text":"Charter","start":9788.49,"end":9788.97},{"text":"in","start":9788.97,"end":9789.13},{"text":"this","start":9789.13,"end":9789.41},{"text":"field.","start":9789.41,"end":9789.77}]},{"text":"Canada welcomes the convening of further discussions on AI in the military domain, including opportunities to use AI to enhance disarmament, non-proliferation, and arms control, and appreciates the least flexibility to ensure minimal budgetary implications for the proposed activities.","start":9790.33,"end":9808.33,"topics":[{"key":"military-ai-governance","label":"Artificial Intelligence in the Military Domain","description":"The military use of artificial intelligence emerged as a distinct issue, with speakers discussing both its possible benefits and its risks for international peace and security. Delegations debated the need for responsible, lawful, and ethical use of AI, human oversight, and whether the UN should play a stronger role in shaping norms and future governance."}],"words":[{"text":"Canada","start":9790.33,"end":9790.73},{"text":"welcomes","start":9790.73,"end":9791.45},{"text":"the","start":9791.53,"end":9791.69},{"text":"convening","start":9791.69,"end":9792.25},{"text":"of","start":9792.25,"end":9792.33},{"text":"further","start":9792.33,"end":9792.73},{"text":"discussions","start":9792.73,"end":9793.53},{"text":"on","start":9793.53,"end":9793.93},{"text":"AI","start":9793.93,"end":9794.17},{"text":"in","start":9794.17,"end":9794.33},{"text":"the","start":9794.33,"end":9794.41},{"text":"military","start":9794.41,"end":9794.97},{"text":"domain,","start":9794.97,"end":9795.45},{"text":"including","start":9795.69,"end":9796.21},{"text":"opportunities","start":9796.21,"end":9796.97},{"text":"to","start":9796.97,"end":9797.09},{"text":"use","start":9797.09,"end":9797.45},{"text":"AI","start":9797.61,"end":9797.93},{"text":"to","start":9797.93,"end":9798.05},{"text":"enhance","start":9798.05,"end":9798.49},{"text":"disarmament,","start":9798.49,"end":9799.29},{"text":"non-proliferation,","start":9799.37,"end":9800.65},{"text":"and","start":9800.65,"end":9800.77},{"text":"arms","start":9800.77,"end":9801.05},{"text":"control,","start":9801.05,"end":9801.53},{"text":"and","start":9801.69,"end":9802.01},{"text":"appreciates","start":9802.01,"end":9802.69},{"text":"the","start":9802.69,"end":9802.81},{"text":"least","start":9802.81,"end":9803.25},{"text":"flexibility","start":9803.25,"end":9804.09},{"text":"to","start":9804.41,"end":9804.57},{"text":"ensure","start":9804.57,"end":9805.05},{"text":"minimal","start":9805.05,"end":9805.53},{"text":"budgetary","start":9805.53,"end":9806.13},{"text":"implications","start":9806.13,"end":9806.85},{"text":"for","start":9806.85,"end":9806.97},{"text":"the","start":9806.97,"end":9807.13},{"text":"proposed","start":9807.13,"end":9807.61},{"text":"activities.","start":9807.61,"end":9808.33}]},{"text":"Finally, as is evidenced by the comprehensive UN 80 reforms, our systems are in serious need of new and innovative ideas to remain fit for 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the diversity of age, gender, racial, and disability representation in all UN disarmament bodies allows for new and fresh perspectives on means to achieve disarmament and is a crucial component in the revitalization of the disarmament 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fully supports the resolution tabled by the Republic of Korea on youth, disarmament and non-proliferation, and its calls for increased measures to promote the meaningful and inclusive participation of youth, including through the Youth for Disarmament 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floor to the distinguished representative of Cameroon.","start":9860.25,"end":9863.85,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":9860.25,"end":9860.29},{"text":"give","start":9860.29,"end":9860.49},{"text":"now","start":9860.65,"end":9860.89},{"text":"the","start":9860.93,"end":9861.05},{"text":"floor","start":9861.05,"end":9861.29},{"text":"to","start":9861.29,"end":9861.45},{"text":"the","start":9861.45,"end":9861.57},{"text":"distinguished","start":9861.57,"end":9862.17},{"text":"representative","start":9862.17,"end":9862.89},{"text":"of","start":9862.89,"end":9863.13},{"text":"Cameroon.","start":9863.13,"end":9863.85}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"1st Committee","affiliation_full":"1st Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":114,"start":9865.21,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c1/80/17?lang=en&t=9866","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Mr. President, Mr. Chair.","start":9865.21,"end":9867.29,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":9865.21,"end":9865.53},{"text":"President,","start":9865.53,"end":9866.17},{"text":"Mr.","start":9866.81,"end":9867.05},{"text":"Chair.","start":9867.05,"end":9867.29}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"delegation is convinced that collective security cannot be built on an arms race, but rather by making sure that the environment is conducive to development and justice.","start":9869.93,"end":9883.53,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"delegation","start":9869.93,"end":9870.65},{"text":"is","start":9870.97,"end":9871.29},{"text":"convinced","start":9871.29,"end":9871.85},{"text":"that","start":9871.85,"end":9872.01},{"text":"collective","start":9872.01,"end":9873.33},{"text":"security","start":9874.09,"end":9874.73},{"text":"cannot","start":9874.73,"end":9875.69},{"text":"be","start":9875.69,"end":9875.85},{"text":"built","start":9875.85,"end":9876.49},{"text":"on","start":9876.49,"end":9876.73},{"text":"an","start":9876.73,"end":9876.81},{"text":"arms","start":9876.81,"end":9877.13},{"text":"race,","start":9877.13,"end":9877.45},{"text":"but","start":9877.53,"end":9878.17},{"text":"rather","start":9878.17,"end":9878.81},{"text":"by","start":9879.57,"end":9879.93},{"text":"making","start":9879.93,"end":9880.25},{"text":"sure","start":9880.25,"end":9880.57},{"text":"that","start":9880.57,"end":9880.73},{"text":"the","start":9880.73,"end":9880.85},{"text":"environment","start":9880.85,"end":9881.53},{"text":"is","start":9881.53,"end":9881.69},{"text":"conducive","start":9881.69,"end":9882.25},{"text":"to","start":9882.25,"end":9882.37},{"text":"development","start":9882.37,"end":9882.89},{"text":"and","start":9882.89,"end":9883.05},{"text":"justice.","start":9883.05,"end":9883.53}]},{"text":"As we say in Africa, you cannot build your own house by destroying your neighbor's house.","start":9884.57,"end":9891.13,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"As","start":9884.57,"end":9885.05},{"text":"we","start":9885.05,"end":9885.29},{"text":"say","start":9885.29,"end":9885.69},{"text":"in","start":9885.69,"end":9885.93},{"text":"Africa,","start":9885.93,"end":9886.49},{"text":"you","start":9886.49,"end":9886.65},{"text":"cannot","start":9886.65,"end":9887.13},{"text":"build","start":9887.69,"end":9888.17},{"text":"your","start":9888.17,"end":9888.49},{"text":"own","start":9888.49,"end":9888.65},{"text":"house","start":9888.65,"end":9889.13},{"text":"by","start":9889.13,"end":9889.29},{"text":"destroying","start":9889.29,"end":9890.01},{"text":"your","start":9890.01,"end":9890.17},{"text":"neighbor's","start":9890.17,"end":9890.65},{"text":"house.","start":9890.65,"end":9891.13}]},{"text":"And this tells us that genuine security cannot come out of mutual destruction.","start":9891.57,"end":9898.53,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":9891.57,"end":9891.73},{"text":"this","start":9891.73,"end":9892.25},{"text":"tells","start":9892.89,"end":9893.17},{"text":"us","start":9893.17,"end":9893.65},{"text":"that","start":9893.81,"end":9894.13},{"text":"genuine","start":9894.13,"end":9894.85},{"text":"security","start":9894.85,"end":9895.89},{"text":"cannot","start":9896.37,"end":9896.93},{"text":"come","start":9896.93,"end":9897.17},{"text":"out","start":9897.17,"end":9897.33},{"text":"of","start":9897.33,"end":9897.49},{"text":"mutual","start":9897.49,"end":9897.85},{"text":"destruction.","start":9897.85,"end":9898.53}]},{"text":"It can only come out of peaceful coexistence and cooperation amongst nations.","start":9898.53,"end":9903.17,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"It","start":9898.53,"end":9898.69},{"text":"can","start":9898.69,"end":9898.85},{"text":"only","start":9898.85,"end":9899.09},{"text":"come","start":9899.09,"end":9899.41},{"text":"out","start":9899.41,"end":9899.65},{"text":"of","start":9899.65,"end":9899.73},{"text":"peaceful","start":9899.73,"end":9900.21},{"text":"coexistence","start":9900.21,"end":9901.09},{"text":"and","start":9901.49,"end":9901.65},{"text":"cooperation","start":9901.65,"end":9902.21},{"text":"amongst","start":9902.21,"end":9902.53},{"text":"nations.","start":9902.53,"end":9903.17}]},{"text":"My delegation thinks that we may be in danger of preparing terrain for future conflicts if we are not careful 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there is a constant arms race, if there is destructive innovation, this means that every conflict is fraught with danger.","start":9921.05,"end":9933.45,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"If","start":9921.05,"end":9921.33},{"text":"there","start":9921.33,"end":9921.49},{"text":"is","start":9921.49,"end":9921.61},{"text":"a","start":9921.61,"end":9921.69},{"text":"constant","start":9921.69,"end":9922.33},{"text":"arms","start":9922.33,"end":9922.73},{"text":"race,","start":9922.73,"end":9923.53},{"text":"if","start":9924.17,"end":9924.65},{"text":"there","start":9924.65,"end":9924.85},{"text":"is","start":9924.85,"end":9924.97},{"text":"destructive","start":9924.97,"end":9925.85},{"text":"innovation,","start":9926.01,"end":9927.45},{"text":"this","start":9930.33,"end":9930.57},{"text":"means","start":9930.57,"end":9930.85},{"text":"that","start":9930.85,"end":9931.05},{"text":"every","start":9931.13,"end":9931.61},{"text":"conflict","start":9931.61,"end":9932.29},{"text":"is","start":9932.29,"end":9932.41},{"text":"fraught","start":9932.41,"end":9932.73},{"text":"with","start":9932.73,"end":9932.89},{"text":"danger.","start":9932.89,"end":9933.45}]},{"text":"Given this, we propose another pathway, the pathway of dialogue and cooperation.","start":9933.93,"end":9939.29,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Given","start":9933.93,"end":9934.33},{"text":"this,","start":9934.33,"end":9934.81},{"text":"we","start":9934.81,"end":9935.21},{"text":"propose","start":9935.21,"end":9935.85},{"text":"another","start":9935.85,"end":9936.41},{"text":"pathway,","start":9936.41,"end":9936.97},{"text":"the","start":9936.97,"end":9937.09},{"text":"pathway","start":9937.09,"end":9937.57},{"text":"of","start":9937.57,"end":9937.69},{"text":"dialogue","start":9937.69,"end":9938.25},{"text":"and","start":9938.25,"end":9938.49},{"text":"cooperation.","start":9938.49,"end":9939.29}]},{"text":"And for that, we propose specific measures to build trust.","start":9939.29,"end":9944.17,"topics":[{"key":"space-behavior-norms","label":"Space Norms and Confidence-Building Measures","description":"Several statements emphasized norms, rules, principles of responsible behavior, 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Many delegations described these measures as practical steps that should complement, and in some cases help prepare, future legal instruments."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":9939.29,"end":9940.09},{"text":"for","start":9940.09,"end":9940.65},{"text":"that,","start":9940.65,"end":9941.21},{"text":"we","start":9941.45,"end":9941.69},{"text":"propose","start":9941.69,"end":9942.17},{"text":"specific","start":9942.17,"end":9942.65},{"text":"measures","start":9942.65,"end":9943.05},{"text":"to","start":9943.05,"end":9943.13},{"text":"build","start":9943.13,"end":9943.37},{"text":"trust.","start":9943.37,"end":9944.17}]},{"text":"We advocate first prior information of military activities.","start":9944.73,"end":9954.05,"topics":[{"key":"space-behavior-norms","label":"Space Norms and Confidence-Building Measures","description":"Several statements emphasized norms, rules, principles of responsible behavior, transparency, and confidence-building measures as tools to reduce misunderstanding and escalation in space. 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Speakers supported continued multilateral work on norms, confidence-building, points of contact, and practical cooperation under UN auspices."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":9967.65,"end":9967.85},{"text":"this","start":9967.85,"end":9968.05},{"text":"means","start":9968.05,"end":9968.29},{"text":"that","start":9968.29,"end":9968.61},{"text":"we","start":9968.93,"end":9969.17},{"text":"need","start":9969.17,"end":9969.33},{"text":"to","start":9969.33,"end":9969.65},{"text":"have","start":9969.81,"end":9970.29},{"text":"normative","start":9970.29,"end":9970.69},{"text":"framework","start":9970.69,"end":9971.25},{"text":"for","start":9971.25,"end":9971.49},{"text":"outer","start":9971.49,"end":9973.09},{"text":"space","start":9973.09,"end":9973.45},{"text":"and","start":9973.45,"end":9973.57},{"text":"cyberspace.","start":9973.57,"end":9974.29}]},{"text":"This collective approach is essential in our view.","start":9975.25,"end":9978.93,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":9975.25,"end":9975.65},{"text":"collective","start":9976.21,"end":9977.09},{"text":"approach","start":9977.17,"end":9977.57},{"text":"is","start":9977.57,"end":9977.77},{"text":"essential","start":9977.77,"end":9978.33},{"text":"in","start":9978.33,"end":9978.45},{"text":"our","start":9978.45,"end":9978.57},{"text":"view.","start":9978.57,"end":9978.93}]},{"text":"Because alone we will not move forward.","start":9982.09,"end":9984.97,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Because","start":9982.09,"end":9982.81},{"text":"alone","start":9982.89,"end":9983.45},{"text":"we","start":9983.45,"end":9983.69},{"text":"will","start":9983.69,"end":9983.89},{"text":"not","start":9983.89,"end":9984.17},{"text":"move","start":9984.17,"end":9984.41},{"text":"forward.","start":9984.41,"end":9984.97}]},{"text":"It is only by pooling our efforts that we will reach lasting results.","start":9985.21,"end":9989.29,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"It","start":9985.21,"end":9985.41},{"text":"is","start":9985.41,"end":9985.49},{"text":"only","start":9985.49,"end":9985.69},{"text":"by","start":9985.69,"end":9985.81},{"text":"pooling","start":9985.81,"end":9986.49},{"text":"our","start":9986.49,"end":9986.89},{"text":"efforts","start":9986.89,"end":9987.29},{"text":"that","start":9987.29,"end":9987.45},{"text":"we","start":9987.45,"end":9987.57},{"text":"will","start":9987.57,"end":9987.77},{"text":"reach","start":9987.77,"end":9988.09},{"text":"lasting","start":9988.09,"end":9988.65},{"text":"results.","start":9988.65,"end":9989.29}]},{"text":"And the proof is that when we beat our drums in one village, it's less powerful than in several.","start":9991.85,"end":9997.69,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":9991.85,"end":9992.05},{"text":"the","start":9992.05,"end":9992.17},{"text":"proof","start":9992.17,"end":9992.49},{"text":"is","start":9992.49,"end":9992.65},{"text":"that","start":9992.65,"end":9992.81},{"text":"when","start":9992.81,"end":9993.05},{"text":"we","start":9993.05,"end":9993.25},{"text":"beat","start":9993.25,"end":9993.61},{"text":"our","start":9993.61,"end":9994.01},{"text":"drums","start":9994.33,"end":9994.69},{"text":"in","start":9994.69,"end":9994.81},{"text":"one","start":9994.81,"end":9995.05},{"text":"village,","start":9995.05,"end":9995.41},{"text":"it's","start":9995.41,"end":9995.69},{"text":"less","start":9995.69,"end":9996.09},{"text":"powerful","start":9996.09,"end":9996.73},{"text":"than","start":9996.73,"end":9996.97},{"text":"in","start":9996.97,"end":9997.13},{"text":"several.","start":9997.13,"end":9997.69}]},{"text":"So coordination is a pillar for our security.","start":9999.13,"end":10004.01,"topics":[{"key":"space-behavior-norms","label":"Space Norms and Confidence-Building Measures","description":"Several statements emphasized norms, rules, principles of responsible behavior, transparency, and confidence-building measures as tools to reduce misunderstanding and escalation in space. Many delegations described these measures as practical steps that should complement, and in some cases help prepare, future legal instruments."}],"words":[{"text":"So","start":9999.13,"end":9999.45},{"text":"coordination","start":9999.45,"end":10000.17},{"text":"is","start":10000.17,"end":10000.33},{"text":"a","start":10000.33,"end":10000.41},{"text":"pillar","start":10001.69,"end":10002.17},{"text":"for","start":10002.17,"end":10002.49},{"text":"our","start":10002.49,"end":10003.29},{"text":"security.","start":10003.29,"end":10004.01}]},{"text":"To the major powers, we suggest that you think about ancestral wisdoms.","start":10004.01,"end":10008.57,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"To","start":10004.01,"end":10004.33},{"text":"the","start":10004.33,"end":10004.41},{"text":"major","start":10004.41,"end":10004.85},{"text":"powers,","start":10004.85,"end":10005.61},{"text":"we","start":10005.61,"end":10005.93},{"text":"suggest","start":10005.93,"end":10006.33},{"text":"that","start":10006.33,"end":10006.57},{"text":"you","start":10006.57,"end":10006.73},{"text":"think","start":10006.73,"end":10006.97},{"text":"about","start":10006.97,"end":10007.37},{"text":"ancestral","start":10007.37,"end":10008.01},{"text":"wisdoms.","start":10008.01,"end":10008.57}]},{"text":"When we rise up together, we are stronger that way.","start":10008.93,"end":10012.17,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"When","start":10008.93,"end":10009.09},{"text":"we","start":10009.09,"end":10009.37},{"text":"rise","start":10009.37,"end":10010.09},{"text":"up","start":10010.09,"end":10010.25},{"text":"together,","start":10010.25,"end":10010.81},{"text":"we","start":10010.81,"end":10011.05},{"text":"are","start":10011.05,"end":10011.13},{"text":"stronger","start":10011.13,"end":10011.61},{"text":"that","start":10011.61,"end":10011.85},{"text":"way.","start":10011.85,"end":10012.17}]},{"text":"Your immense responsibility, therefore, your duty is to promote dialogue, to reduce tension, and build common future.","start":10012.41,"end":10020.57,"topics":[{"key":"space-behavior-norms","label":"Space Norms and Confidence-Building Measures","description":"Several statements emphasized norms, rules, principles of responsible behavior, transparency, and confidence-building measures as tools to reduce misunderstanding and escalation in space. 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