{"disclaimer":"Transcripts available through this tool are created by using automatic speech recognition and are not official records nor official documents of the United Nations. Official records and official documents are available on the Official Document System of the United Nations.","url":"https://transcripts.un.org/ar/ga/c1/81/15?lang=en","llms":{"note":"Plain-text sibling of this page, compact for LLM context. For the full API guide (search, listing, URL grammar) see /llms.txt.","textUrl":"/ar/ga/c1/81/15.txt","guide":"/llms.txt"},"video":{"id":"k1c/k1cqr8ykud","kaltura_id":"1_cqr8ykud","title":"اللجنة الأولى، الجلسة العامة الخامسة عشرة – الجمعية العامة، الدورة 81","clean_title":"اللجنة الأولى، الجلسة العامة الخامسة عشرة – الجمعية العامة، الدورة 81","url":"https://webtv.un.org/en/asset/k1c/k1cqr8ykud","date":"2026-10-20T00:00:00.000Z","scheduled_time":"2026-10-20T19:00:00.000Z","status":"finished","duration":"02:49:08","category":"الجمعية العامة","body":"First Committee","event_code":null,"event_type":null,"session_number":"15th plenary 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delegates, you may recall that the Committee concluded its considerations of the cluster on other weapons of mass destruction at our meeting this 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would also recall that yesterday there was some discussions on interpreting the decision taken by the committee.","start":32.23,"end":40.71,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"You","start":32.23,"end":32.35},{"text":"would","start":32.35,"end":32.47},{"text":"also","start":32.47,"end":32.83},{"text":"recall","start":32.83,"end":33.19},{"text":"that","start":33.19,"end":33.67},{"text":"yesterday","start":33.79,"end":34.51},{"text":"there","start":34.51,"end":34.63},{"text":"was","start":34.63,"end":34.95},{"text":"some","start":34.95,"end":35.27},{"text":"discussions","start":35.27,"end":36.23},{"text":"on","start":36.79,"end":37.11},{"text":"interpreting","start":37.19,"end":37.99},{"text":"the","start":37.99,"end":38.15},{"text":"decision","start":38.15,"end":39.11},{"text":"taken","start":39.35,"end":39.75},{"text":"by","start":39.75,"end":39.95},{"text":"the","start":39.95,"end":40.07},{"text":"committee.","start":40.07,"end":40.71}]},{"text":"That statement in the right -- in the exercise of the right of reply will be heard at the end of the 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Chair, I would like to clarify how I intend to proceed.","start":50.95,"end":55.67,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":50.95,"end":51.19},{"text":"Chair,","start":51.19,"end":51.67},{"text":"I","start":52.55,"end":52.63},{"text":"would","start":52.63,"end":52.79},{"text":"like","start":52.79,"end":52.99},{"text":"to","start":52.99,"end":53.11},{"text":"clarify","start":53.11,"end":53.75},{"text":"how","start":53.75,"end":54.23},{"text":"I","start":54.23,"end":54.43},{"text":"intend","start":54.43,"end":54.95},{"text":"to","start":54.95,"end":55.03},{"text":"proceed.","start":55.03,"end":55.67}]},{"text":"At the end of today's meeting and in keeping with the decisions of the Committee at its organizational meeting, there will be an opportunity for statements in the exercise of the right of 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there were some delegations who were unable to exercise their right of reply this morning for second interventions on the cluster relating to nuclear 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we will hear from them.","start":85.55,"end":88.19,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"First,","start":85.55,"end":86.03},{"text":"we","start":86.03,"end":86.15},{"text":"will","start":86.15,"end":86.35},{"text":"hear","start":86.35,"end":86.91},{"text":"from","start":87.55,"end":87.87},{"text":"them.","start":87.87,"end":88.19}]},{"text":"We will next hear from the delegations requesting to exercise the right of reply on the remaining clusters.","start":89.31,"end":98.43,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":89.31,"end":89.63},{"text":"will","start":89.63,"end":89.87},{"text":"next","start":89.87,"end":90.31},{"text":"hear","start":90.31,"end":90.67},{"text":"from","start":90.67,"end":90.99},{"text":"the","start":90.99,"end":91.07},{"text":"delegations","start":91.07,"end":92.03},{"text":"requesting","start":92.03,"end":92.75},{"text":"to","start":92.75,"end":93.15},{"text":"exercise","start":93.47,"end":94.27},{"text":"the","start":94.27,"end":94.43},{"text":"right","start":94.43,"end":94.67},{"text":"of","start":94.67,"end":94.79},{"text":"reply","start":94.79,"end":95.39},{"text":"on","start":96.19,"end":96.43},{"text":"the","start":96.43,"end":96.67},{"text":"remaining","start":97.07,"end":97.63},{"text":"clusters.","start":97.63,"end":98.43}]},{"text":"We shall proceed accordingly.","start":98.67,"end":101.39,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":98.67,"end":99.07},{"text":"shall","start":99.23,"end":99.55},{"text":"proceed","start":99.55,"end":100.35},{"text":"accordingly.","start":100.75,"end":101.39}]},{"text":"The Committee will now begin its thematic discussions on the outer space.","start":104.35,"end":110.19,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-paros","label":"Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space must remain a peaceful domain and warned against its weaponization or transformation into a theatre of conflict. They framed preventing an arms race in outer space as a core international security objective."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":104.35,"end":104.51},{"text":"Committee","start":104.51,"end":104.91},{"text":"will","start":104.91,"end":105.07},{"text":"now","start":105.07,"end":105.47},{"text":"begin","start":105.47,"end":106.11},{"text":"its","start":106.11,"end":106.75},{"text":"thematic","start":106.75,"end":107.23},{"text":"discussions","start":107.23,"end":108.03},{"text":"on","start":108.59,"end":108.83},{"text":"the","start":108.83,"end":109.07},{"text":"outer","start":109.15,"end":109.55},{"text":"space.","start":109.55,"end":110.19}]},{"text":"The first speaker on the list is distinguished representative of Indonesia speaking on behalf of the Non-Aligned Movement.","start":111.07,"end":124.15,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":111.07,"end":111.23},{"text":"first","start":111.23,"end":111.79},{"text":"speaker","start":111.79,"end":112.59},{"text":"on","start":112.59,"end":112.83},{"text":"the","start":112.83,"end":112.91},{"text":"list","start":112.91,"end":113.63},{"text":"is","start":114.83,"end":115.39},{"text":"distinguished","start":117.03,"end":117.91},{"text":"representative","start":118.47,"end":119.75},{"text":"of","start":119.83,"end":119.99},{"text":"Indonesia","start":120.07,"end":121.03},{"text":"speaking","start":121.35,"end":122.07},{"text":"on","start":122.07,"end":122.23},{"text":"behalf","start":122.23,"end":122.43},{"text":"of","start":122.43,"end":122.87},{"text":"the","start":122.87,"end":122.95},{"text":"Non-Aligned","start":122.95,"end":123.59},{"text":"Movement.","start":123.59,"end":124.15}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"1st Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair","affiliation_full":"1st Committee"}},{"statement_number":2,"start":136.18,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c1/81/15?lang=en&t=2:17","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Mr. Chair.","start":136.18,"end":137.22,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":136.18,"end":136.42},{"text":"you,","start":136.42,"end":136.58},{"text":"Mr.","start":136.58,"end":136.82},{"text":"Chair.","start":136.82,"end":137.22}]},{"text":"I have the honor to speak on behalf of the Non-Aligned Movement.","start":137.7,"end":140.74,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":137.7,"end":137.86},{"text":"have","start":137.86,"end":138.14},{"text":"the","start":138.14,"end":138.22},{"text":"honor","start":138.22,"end":138.42},{"text":"to","start":138.42,"end":138.62},{"text":"speak","start":138.62,"end":138.82},{"text":"on","start":138.82,"end":138.98},{"text":"behalf","start":138.98,"end":139.18},{"text":"of","start":139.18,"end":139.46},{"text":"the","start":139.46,"end":139.54},{"text":"Non-Aligned","start":139.54,"end":140.14},{"text":"Movement.","start":140.14,"end":140.74}]},{"text":"The full statement of this statement will be submitted to the Secretariat.","start":140.82,"end":144.18,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":140.82,"end":140.94},{"text":"full","start":140.94,"end":141.14},{"text":"statement","start":141.14,"end":141.78},{"text":"of","start":141.78,"end":141.94},{"text":"this","start":141.94,"end":142.06},{"text":"statement","start":142.06,"end":142.46},{"text":"will","start":142.46,"end":142.58},{"text":"be","start":142.58,"end":142.66},{"text":"submitted","start":142.66,"end":143.14},{"text":"to","start":143.14,"end":143.3},{"text":"the","start":143.3,"end":143.42},{"text":"Secretariat.","start":143.42,"end":144.18}]},{"text":"Mr. Chair, NAM recognizes the common interests of all humankind and the inalienable, legitimate, sovereign rights of all states in the exploration and the use of outer space for exclusively peaceful purposes and for the benefit of all peoples.","start":144.83,"end":159.31,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-paros","label":"Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space must remain a peaceful domain and warned against its weaponization or transformation into a theatre of conflict. 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These were presented as urgent risks to stability, security and strategic predictability in space."}],"words":[{"text":"NAM","start":173.07,"end":173.23},{"text":"rejects","start":173.23,"end":173.67},{"text":"the","start":173.67,"end":173.75},{"text":"declaration","start":173.75,"end":174.43},{"text":"by","start":174.43,"end":174.51},{"text":"the","start":174.51,"end":174.67},{"text":"United","start":174.67,"end":175.07},{"text":"States","start":175.07,"end":175.43},{"text":"in","start":175.43,"end":175.55},{"text":"2018","start":175.63,"end":176.75},{"text":"that","start":176.91,"end":177.31},{"text":"space","start":177.31,"end":177.63},{"text":"is","start":177.63,"end":177.83},{"text":"a","start":177.83,"end":177.87},{"text":"war-fighting","start":177.87,"end":178.67},{"text":"domain","start":178.67,"end":179.23},{"text":"or","start":179.23,"end":179.55},{"text":"the","start":179.55,"end":179.63},{"text":"next","start":179.63,"end":179.95},{"text":"battlefield,","start":179.95,"end":180.67},{"text":"and","start":180.99,"end":181.19},{"text":"accordingly","start":181.19,"end":181.71},{"text":"re-emphasizes","start":182.67,"end":183.63},{"text":"the","start":183.63,"end":183.79},{"text":"urgent","start":183.79,"end":184.19},{"text":"need","start":184.19,"end":184.39},{"text":"for","start":184.39,"end":184.59},{"text":"the","start":184.59,"end":184.71},{"text":"commencement","start":184.71,"end":185.31},{"text":"of","start":185.31,"end":185.47},{"text":"substantive","start":185.47,"end":186.19},{"text":"negotiations","start":186.19,"end":187.07},{"text":"in","start":187.07,"end":187.19},{"text":"the","start":187.19,"end":187.31},{"text":"Conference","start":187.31,"end":187.79},{"text":"on","start":187.79,"end":187.95},{"text":"Disarmament","start":187.95,"end":188.91},{"text":"on","start":188.99,"end":189.19},{"text":"a","start":189.19,"end":189.23},{"text":"legally","start":189.23,"end":189.63},{"text":"binding","start":189.63,"end":190.03},{"text":"and","start":190.03,"end":190.27},{"text":"multilaterally","start":190.27,"end":191.07},{"text":"verifiable","start":191.07,"end":192.27},{"text":"instrument,","start":192.35,"end":192.99},{"text":"inter","start":193.07,"end":193.39},{"text":"alia,","start":193.39,"end":193.95},{"text":"on","start":194.27,"end":194.43},{"text":"the","start":194.43,"end":194.51},{"text":"prevention","start":194.51,"end":195.23},{"text":"of","start":195.23,"end":195.39},{"text":"an","start":195.39,"end":195.55},{"text":"arms","start":195.55,"end":195.95},{"text":"race","start":195.95,"end":196.27},{"text":"in","start":196.27,"end":196.43},{"text":"outer","start":196.43,"end":196.67},{"text":"space","start":196.67,"end":197.07},{"text":"in","start":197.07,"end":197.31},{"text":"all","start":197.31,"end":197.47},{"text":"its","start":197.47,"end":197.71},{"text":"aspects.","start":197.71,"end":198.19}]},{"text":"NAM emphasizes the paramount importance of strict compliance with existing arms limitation and disarmament agreements relevant to outer space, including bilateral agreements and with the existing legal regime concerning the use of outer space.","start":199.15,"end":212.87,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-law","label":"International Law and the Outer Space Treaty","description":"Delegations repeatedly referred to the 1967 Outer Space Treaty, the UN Charter, and in some cases international humanitarian law, as the foundation of space governance. Speakers emphasized compliance with existing law while some also called for the legal framework to be updated or strengthened."}],"words":[{"text":"NAM","start":199.15,"end":199.27},{"text":"emphasizes","start":199.27,"end":199.91},{"text":"the","start":199.91,"end":200.03},{"text":"paramount","start":200.03,"end":200.59},{"text":"importance","start":200.59,"end":201.19},{"text":"of","start":201.19,"end":201.31},{"text":"strict","start":201.31,"end":201.67},{"text":"compliance","start":201.67,"end":202.27},{"text":"with","start":202.27,"end":202.43},{"text":"existing","start":202.43,"end":203.03},{"text":"arms","start":203.03,"end":203.31},{"text":"limitation","start":203.31,"end":204.15},{"text":"and","start":204.15,"end":204.39},{"text":"disarmament","start":204.39,"end":205.03},{"text":"agreements","start":205.03,"end":205.59},{"text":"relevant","start":205.59,"end":206.19},{"text":"to","start":206.19,"end":206.31},{"text":"outer","start":206.31,"end":206.59},{"text":"space,","start":206.59,"end":207.03},{"text":"including","start":207.35,"end":207.99},{"text":"bilateral","start":207.99,"end":208.79},{"text":"agreements","start":208.79,"end":209.43},{"text":"and","start":209.43,"end":209.59},{"text":"with","start":209.59,"end":209.79},{"text":"the","start":209.79,"end":209.87},{"text":"existing","start":209.87,"end":210.47},{"text":"legal","start":210.47,"end":210.87},{"text":"regime","start":210.87,"end":211.35},{"text":"concerning","start":211.35,"end":211.79},{"text":"the","start":211.79,"end":211.87},{"text":"use","start":211.87,"end":212.11},{"text":"of","start":212.11,"end":212.23},{"text":"outer","start":212.23,"end":212.47},{"text":"space.","start":212.47,"end":212.87}]},{"text":"NAM also calls for the promotion and strengthening of international cooperation in the exploration and use of outer space for peaceful purposes.","start":213.35,"end":221.11,"topics":[{"key":"equitable-space-access","label":"Equitable Access and Capacity Building","description":"Many delegations argued that all states, especially developing countries, should benefit from peaceful space activities on a non-discriminatory basis. They called for stronger international cooperation, technology transfer, training, data sharing and capacity building."}],"words":[{"text":"NAM","start":213.35,"end":213.63},{"text":"also","start":213.63,"end":213.91},{"text":"calls","start":213.91,"end":214.27},{"text":"for","start":214.27,"end":214.39},{"text":"the","start":214.39,"end":214.55},{"text":"promotion","start":214.55,"end":215.11},{"text":"and","start":215.11,"end":215.23},{"text":"strengthening","start":215.23,"end":215.91},{"text":"of","start":215.99,"end":216.23},{"text":"international","start":216.23,"end":216.87},{"text":"cooperation","start":216.87,"end":217.55},{"text":"in","start":217.55,"end":217.67},{"text":"the","start":217.67,"end":217.75},{"text":"exploration","start":217.75,"end":218.55},{"text":"and","start":218.55,"end":218.71},{"text":"use","start":218.71,"end":218.95},{"text":"of","start":218.95,"end":219.11},{"text":"outer","start":219.11,"end":219.39},{"text":"space","start":219.39,"end":219.67},{"text":"for","start":219.67,"end":219.91},{"text":"peaceful","start":219.91,"end":220.31},{"text":"purposes.","start":220.31,"end":221.11}]},{"text":"Non countries welcome the consensual adoption on 16 August 2024 of the report of governmental experts GGE on the substantive elements of a legally binding instrument on the prevention of arms race in outer space, as established pursuant to GA resolution 77 250.","start":221.71,"end":239.23,"topics":[{"key":"binding-space-instrument","label":"Legally Binding Space Security Instrument","description":"A major theme was the call for negotiations on a universal, multilaterally negotiated and verifiable legal instrument to prohibit weapons in outer space and attacks against space objects. Several speakers argued that voluntary measures cannot replace binding obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"Non","start":221.71,"end":221.99},{"text":"countries","start":221.99,"end":222.39},{"text":"welcome","start":222.39,"end":222.79},{"text":"the","start":222.79,"end":222.91},{"text":"consensual","start":222.91,"end":223.51},{"text":"adoption","start":223.51,"end":224.07},{"text":"on","start":224.07,"end":224.15},{"text":"16","start":224.15,"end":224.63},{"text":"August","start":224.63,"end":225.31},{"text":"2024","start":225.31,"end":226.07},{"text":"of","start":226.39,"end":226.55},{"text":"the","start":226.55,"end":226.67},{"text":"report","start":226.67,"end":227.11},{"text":"of","start":227.11,"end":227.27},{"text":"governmental","start":227.27,"end":227.91},{"text":"experts","start":227.91,"end":228.55},{"text":"GGE","start":228.55,"end":229.11},{"text":"on","start":229.51,"end":229.67},{"text":"the","start":229.67,"end":229.75},{"text":"substantive","start":229.75,"end":230.39},{"text":"elements","start":230.39,"end":230.79},{"text":"of","start":230.79,"end":230.95},{"text":"a","start":230.95,"end":230.99},{"text":"legally","start":230.99,"end":231.43},{"text":"binding","start":231.43,"end":231.83},{"text":"instrument","start":231.83,"end":232.35},{"text":"on","start":232.35,"end":232.47},{"text":"the","start":232.47,"end":232.55},{"text":"prevention","start":232.55,"end":233.11},{"text":"of","start":233.11,"end":233.27},{"text":"arms","start":233.27,"end":233.63},{"text":"race","start":233.63,"end":233.87},{"text":"in","start":233.87,"end":234.07},{"text":"outer","start":234.07,"end":234.31},{"text":"space,","start":234.31,"end":234.63},{"text":"as","start":234.79,"end":234.87},{"text":"established","start":235.03,"end":235.59},{"text":"pursuant","start":235.59,"end":236.11},{"text":"to","start":236.11,"end":236.19},{"text":"GA","start":236.23,"end":236.63},{"text":"resolution","start":236.63,"end":237.19},{"text":"77","start":237.19,"end":238.15},{"text":"250.","start":238.15,"end":239.23}]},{"text":"and considers this important and positive development as a key opportunity to advance further practical measures for prevention of an arms race in outer space and a good basis for further negotiations towards adopting an international legally binding instrument.","start":239.83,"end":254.47,"topics":[{"key":"binding-space-instrument","label":"Legally Binding Space Security Instrument","description":"A major theme was the call for negotiations on a universal, multilaterally negotiated and verifiable legal instrument to prohibit weapons in outer space and attacks against space objects. Several speakers argued that voluntary measures cannot replace binding obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"and","start":239.83,"end":239.91},{"text":"considers","start":239.91,"end":240.47},{"text":"this","start":240.47,"end":240.67},{"text":"important","start":240.67,"end":241.11},{"text":"and","start":241.11,"end":241.23},{"text":"positive","start":241.23,"end":241.75},{"text":"development","start":241.75,"end":242.35},{"text":"as","start":242.35,"end":242.55},{"text":"a","start":242.55,"end":242.59},{"text":"key","start":242.59,"end":242.95},{"text":"opportunity","start":242.95,"end":243.51},{"text":"to","start":243.51,"end":243.63},{"text":"advance","start":243.63,"end":244.15},{"text":"further","start":244.15,"end":244.47},{"text":"practical","start":244.47,"end":244.99},{"text":"measures","start":244.99,"end":245.59},{"text":"for","start":245.99,"end":246.23},{"text":"prevention","start":246.23,"end":246.87},{"text":"of","start":246.87,"end":247.03},{"text":"an","start":247.03,"end":247.11},{"text":"arms","start":247.11,"end":247.43},{"text":"race","start":247.43,"end":247.75},{"text":"in","start":247.75,"end":247.91},{"text":"outer","start":247.91,"end":248.15},{"text":"space","start":248.15,"end":248.55},{"text":"and","start":248.79,"end":248.99},{"text":"a","start":248.99,"end":249.03},{"text":"good","start":249.03,"end":249.19},{"text":"basis","start":249.19,"end":249.67},{"text":"for","start":249.91,"end":250.07},{"text":"further","start":250.07,"end":250.43},{"text":"negotiations","start":250.43,"end":251.19},{"text":"towards","start":251.19,"end":251.51},{"text":"adopting","start":251.51,"end":252.07},{"text":"an","start":252.07,"end":252.23},{"text":"international","start":252.23,"end":252.99},{"text":"legally","start":252.99,"end":253.35},{"text":"binding","start":253.35,"end":253.83},{"text":"instrument.","start":253.83,"end":254.47}]},{"text":"NAAM also takes note of discussion on norms, rules and principles for the responsible behavior of states in outer space without prejudice to imperative of developing a legally binding instrument to prevent an arms race in outer space.","start":255.51,"end":269.59,"topics":[{"key":"responsible-behavior-norms","label":"Norms, Rules and Confidence-Building Measures","description":"Numerous statements supported developing norms, rules, principles of responsible behaviour, and transparency and confidence-building measures to reduce mistrust, miscalculation and escalation. Views differed on emphasis, but many saw these measures as complementary to future legal commitments."},{"key":"binding-space-instrument","label":"Legally Binding Space Security Instrument","description":"A major theme was the call for negotiations on a universal, multilaterally negotiated and verifiable legal instrument to prohibit weapons in outer space and attacks against space objects. Several speakers argued that voluntary measures cannot replace binding obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"NAAM","start":255.51,"end":255.59},{"text":"also","start":255.59,"end":255.83},{"text":"takes","start":255.83,"end":256.15},{"text":"note","start":256.15,"end":256.47},{"text":"of","start":256.47,"end":256.63},{"text":"discussion","start":256.63,"end":257.11},{"text":"on","start":257.11,"end":257.39},{"text":"norms,","start":257.39,"end":257.83},{"text":"rules","start":257.83,"end":258.15},{"text":"and","start":258.15,"end":258.31},{"text":"principles","start":258.31,"end":258.95},{"text":"for","start":258.95,"end":259.11},{"text":"the","start":259.11,"end":259.23},{"text":"responsible","start":259.23,"end":259.83},{"text":"behavior","start":259.83,"end":260.35},{"text":"of","start":260.35,"end":260.47},{"text":"states","start":260.47,"end":260.91},{"text":"in","start":260.91,"end":261.11},{"text":"outer","start":261.11,"end":261.43},{"text":"space","start":261.43,"end":261.83},{"text":"without","start":261.91,"end":262.55},{"text":"prejudice","start":262.55,"end":263.19},{"text":"to","start":263.19,"end":263.43},{"text":"imperative","start":263.43,"end":264.23},{"text":"of","start":264.23,"end":264.47},{"text":"developing","start":264.47,"end":265.27},{"text":"a","start":265.67,"end":265.71},{"text":"legally","start":265.71,"end":266.23},{"text":"binding","start":266.23,"end":266.71},{"text":"instrument","start":266.71,"end":267.23},{"text":"to","start":267.23,"end":267.31},{"text":"prevent","start":267.31,"end":267.87},{"text":"an","start":267.95,"end":268.07},{"text":"arms","start":268.07,"end":268.47},{"text":"race","start":268.47,"end":268.67},{"text":"in","start":268.67,"end":268.95},{"text":"outer","start":268.95,"end":269.11},{"text":"space.","start":269.11,"end":269.59}]},{"text":"NAAM calls upon all states to engage constructively in the OEWG to adopt further measures on the prevention of arms race in outer space.","start":270.07,"end":278.55,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-paros","label":"Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space must remain a peaceful domain and warned against its weaponization or transformation into a theatre of conflict. 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Speakers warned that harmful activities in orbit could make parts of space unusable for future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"NAM","start":279.23,"end":279.51},{"text":"underscores","start":279.51,"end":280.07},{"text":"that","start":280.07,"end":280.19},{"text":"voluntary","start":280.19,"end":280.87},{"text":"TCBMs","start":280.87,"end":281.71},{"text":"may","start":281.71,"end":281.87},{"text":"partially","start":281.87,"end":282.47},{"text":"contribute","start":282.47,"end":283.23},{"text":"to","start":283.23,"end":283.31},{"text":"reducing","start":283.31,"end":283.87},{"text":"mistrust","start":283.87,"end":284.47},{"text":"and","start":284.75,"end":285.03},{"text":"enhancing","start":285.03,"end":285.55},{"text":"the","start":285.55,"end":285.63},{"text":"safety","start":285.63,"end":286.07},{"text":"of","start":286.07,"end":286.19},{"text":"outer","start":286.19,"end":286.51},{"text":"space","start":286.51,"end":286.83},{"text":"operations","start":286.83,"end":287.47},{"text":"in","start":287.47,"end":287.63},{"text":"the","start":287.63,"end":287.71},{"text":"short","start":287.71,"end":288.07},{"text":"term.","start":288.07,"end":288.35}]},{"text":"That said, they can neither be a substitute nor precondition for the early conclusion of a legally binding instrument on the prevention of an arms race in outer space, including the prohibition of the placement of any weapons in outer space, as well as the threat or use of force against outer space objects.","start":288.83,"end":305.79,"topics":[{"key":"binding-space-instrument","label":"Legally Binding Space Security Instrument","description":"A major theme was the call for negotiations on a universal, multilaterally negotiated and verifiable legal instrument to prohibit weapons in outer space and attacks against space objects. 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Committee"}},{"statement_number":4,"start":361.59,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c1/81/15?lang=en&t=6:02","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Mr. Chair, I have the honor to deliver this statement on behalf of ASEAN.","start":361.59,"end":366.79,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":361.59,"end":361.91},{"text":"Chair,","start":361.91,"end":362.39},{"text":"I","start":362.87,"end":362.95},{"text":"have","start":362.95,"end":363.11},{"text":"the","start":363.11,"end":363.19},{"text":"honor","start":363.19,"end":363.51},{"text":"to","start":363.51,"end":363.75},{"text":"deliver","start":363.83,"end":364.71},{"text":"this","start":364.71,"end":364.91},{"text":"statement","start":364.91,"end":365.43},{"text":"on","start":365.43,"end":365.59},{"text":"behalf","start":365.59,"end":365.91},{"text":"of","start":365.91,"end":365.99},{"text":"ASEAN.","start":366.07,"end":366.79}]},{"text":"The full statement will be made available online.","start":366.79,"end":369.67,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":366.79,"end":366.95},{"text":"full","start":366.95,"end":367.11},{"text":"statement","start":367.11,"end":367.59},{"text":"will","start":367.59,"end":367.75},{"text":"be","start":367.75,"end":367.91},{"text":"made","start":367.91,"end":368.23},{"text":"available","start":368.39,"end":368.95},{"text":"online.","start":368.95,"end":369.67}]},{"text":"ASEAN remains seriously concerned by the possible weaponization of outer space or turning outer space into a domain for warfare and armed conflicts.","start":370.27,"end":378.95,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-paros","label":"Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space must remain a peaceful domain and warned against its weaponization or transformation into a theatre of conflict. They framed preventing an arms race in outer space as a core international security objective."}],"words":[{"text":"ASEAN","start":370.27,"end":370.63},{"text":"remains","start":370.63,"end":370.99},{"text":"seriously","start":370.99,"end":371.51},{"text":"concerned","start":371.51,"end":372.07},{"text":"by","start":372.07,"end":372.27},{"text":"the","start":372.27,"end":372.39},{"text":"possible","start":372.39,"end":372.87},{"text":"weaponization","start":372.87,"end":373.79},{"text":"of","start":373.79,"end":373.91},{"text":"outer","start":373.91,"end":374.23},{"text":"space","start":374.23,"end":374.63},{"text":"or","start":374.63,"end":374.83},{"text":"turning","start":374.83,"end":375.23},{"text":"outer","start":375.23,"end":375.51},{"text":"space","start":375.51,"end":375.83},{"text":"into","start":375.83,"end":376.11},{"text":"a","start":376.11,"end":376.15},{"text":"domain","start":376.15,"end":376.71},{"text":"for","start":377.03,"end":377.27},{"text":"warfare","start":377.27,"end":377.67},{"text":"and","start":377.67,"end":377.91},{"text":"armed","start":377.91,"end":378.11},{"text":"conflicts.","start":378.11,"end":378.95}]},{"text":"We reaffirm the vital importance of preventing an arms race in outer space and call on the General Assembly to continue playing a leading role in ensuring the peaceful use and exploration of outer space.","start":379.35,"end":392.55,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-paros","label":"Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space must remain a peaceful domain and warned against its weaponization or transformation into a theatre of conflict. 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Speakers warned that harmful activities in orbit could make parts of space unusable for future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":419.47,"end":419.71},{"text":"OEWG","start":419.79,"end":421.23},{"text":"is","start":421.23,"end":421.39},{"text":"an","start":421.39,"end":421.51},{"text":"important","start":421.51,"end":421.99},{"text":"platform","start":421.99,"end":422.39},{"text":"to","start":422.39,"end":422.51},{"text":"foster","start":422.51,"end":422.91},{"text":"common","start":422.91,"end":423.27},{"text":"understanding","start":423.27,"end":424.03},{"text":"on","start":424.03,"end":424.23},{"text":"practical","start":424.23,"end":424.75},{"text":"measures","start":424.75,"end":425.31},{"text":"to","start":425.55,"end":425.71},{"text":"reduce","start":425.71,"end":426.19},{"text":"threats","start":426.19,"end":426.67},{"text":"and","start":426.91,"end":427.15},{"text":"prevent","start":427.15,"end":427.75},{"text":"an","start":427.75,"end":427.95},{"text":"arms","start":427.95,"end":428.35},{"text":"race","start":428.35,"end":428.67},{"text":"in","start":428.67,"end":428.91},{"text":"outer","start":428.91,"end":429.23},{"text":"space","start":429.23,"end":429.79},{"text":"in","start":430.19,"end":430.35},{"text":"order","start":430.35,"end":430.63},{"text":"to","start":430.63,"end":430.75},{"text":"maintain","start":430.75,"end":431.31},{"text":"it","start":431.31,"end":431.47},{"text":"as","start":431.71,"end":432.03},{"text":"a","start":432.03,"end":432.11},{"text":"peaceful,","start":432.11,"end":432.83},{"text":"safe,","start":433.15,"end":433.63},{"text":"stable","start":433.79,"end":434.35},{"text":"and","start":434.35,"end":434.51},{"text":"sustainable","start":434.51,"end":435.11},{"text":"environment.","start":435.11,"end":435.91}]},{"text":"We recall the consensus adoption of the 2024 final report of the GGE, demonstrating that differences in positions on outer space are not intractable.","start":436.43,"end":447.75,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":436.43,"end":436.47},{"text":"recall","start":436.47,"end":436.95},{"text":"the","start":436.95,"end":437.07},{"text":"consensus","start":437.07,"end":437.83},{"text":"adoption","start":437.83,"end":438.63},{"text":"of","start":438.63,"end":438.79},{"text":"the","start":438.79,"end":438.91},{"text":"2024","start":438.91,"end":439.83},{"text":"final","start":439.83,"end":440.23},{"text":"report","start":440.23,"end":440.71},{"text":"of","start":440.71,"end":440.87},{"text":"the","start":440.87,"end":440.95},{"text":"GGE,","start":440.95,"end":441.83},{"text":"demonstrating","start":442.23,"end":443.11},{"text":"that","start":443.11,"end":443.23},{"text":"differences","start":443.23,"end":443.91},{"text":"in","start":443.91,"end":444.07},{"text":"positions","start":444.07,"end":444.79},{"text":"on","start":444.79,"end":445.03},{"text":"outer","start":445.03,"end":445.35},{"text":"space","start":445.35,"end":445.91},{"text":"are","start":446.23,"end":446.35},{"text":"not","start":446.35,"end":446.71},{"text":"intractable.","start":446.87,"end":447.75}]},{"text":"ASEAN supports advancing PAROS, including through non-legally binding instruments such as norms, rules, and principles of responsible behaviour and practical transparency and confidence-building measures to reduce risks misunderstandings and miscalculations.","start":448.23,"end":466.87,"topics":[{"key":"responsible-behavior-norms","label":"Norms, Rules and Confidence-Building Measures","description":"Numerous statements supported developing norms, rules, principles of responsible behaviour, and transparency and confidence-building measures to reduce mistrust, miscalculation and escalation. 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Several speakers argued that voluntary measures cannot replace binding obligations."},{"key":"responsible-behavior-norms","label":"Norms, Rules and Confidence-Building Measures","description":"Numerous statements supported developing norms, rules, principles of responsible behaviour, and transparency and confidence-building measures to reduce mistrust, miscalculation and escalation. 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Views differed on emphasis, but many saw these measures as complementary to future legal commitments."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":498.19,"end":498.35},{"text":"General","start":498.35,"end":498.67},{"text":"Assembly","start":498.67,"end":499.15},{"text":"must","start":499.15,"end":499.35},{"text":"play","start":499.35,"end":499.55},{"text":"a","start":499.55,"end":499.59},{"text":"vital","start":499.59,"end":500.03},{"text":"role","start":500.03,"end":500.35},{"text":"in","start":500.35,"end":500.51},{"text":"fostering","start":500.51,"end":500.99},{"text":"continued","start":500.99,"end":501.51},{"text":"dialogue","start":501.51,"end":501.91},{"text":"on","start":501.91,"end":502.03},{"text":"current","start":502.03,"end":502.43},{"text":"issues","start":502.43,"end":502.99},{"text":"and","start":503.23,"end":503.55},{"text":"challenges","start":503.55,"end":504.19},{"text":"in","start":504.19,"end":504.39},{"text":"this","start":504.39,"end":504.67},{"text":"field.","start":504.67,"end":505.15}]},{"text":"We note the Conference on Disarmament's continued substantive consideration of PAROS, including under subsidiary body 3.","start":505.55,"end":513.47,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-paros","label":"Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space must remain a peaceful domain and warned against its weaponization or transformation into a theatre of conflict. 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They framed preventing an arms race in outer space as a core international security objective."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":608.79,"end":609.55},{"text":"Chair,","start":609.91,"end":610.31},{"text":"the","start":611.19,"end":611.43},{"text":"Arab","start":611.51,"end":611.91},{"text":"Group","start":611.91,"end":612.23},{"text":"reaffirms","start":612.23,"end":613.03},{"text":"the","start":613.03,"end":613.15},{"text":"importance","start":613.15,"end":613.99},{"text":"of","start":614.03,"end":614.19},{"text":"ensuring","start":614.19,"end":614.51},{"text":"that","start":614.51,"end":614.63},{"text":"the","start":614.63,"end":614.75},{"text":"use","start":614.75,"end":614.91},{"text":"of","start":614.91,"end":615.03},{"text":"outer","start":615.03,"end":615.27},{"text":"space","start":615.27,"end":615.91},{"text":"will","start":615.99,"end":616.23},{"text":"remain","start":616.23,"end":616.51},{"text":"exclusively","start":616.51,"end":617.27},{"text":"for","start":617.27,"end":617.51},{"text":"peaceful","start":617.51,"end":617.83},{"text":"purposes,","start":617.83,"end":618.47},{"text":"and","start":618.79,"end":619.03},{"text":"we","start":619.03,"end":619.43},{"text":"stress","start":619.43,"end":619.67},{"text":"the","start":619.67,"end":619.75},{"text":"importance","start":619.75,"end":620.15},{"text":"of","start":620.15,"end":620.23},{"text":"prohibiting","start":620.23,"end":620.63},{"text":"all","start":620.63,"end":620.71},{"text":"forms","start":620.71,"end":621.11},{"text":"of","start":621.11,"end":621.19},{"text":"armament","start":621.19,"end":621.59},{"text":"and","start":621.59,"end":621.75},{"text":"conflict","start":621.75,"end":622.15},{"text":"in","start":622.15,"end":622.23},{"text":"outer","start":622.23,"end":622.47},{"text":"space.","start":622.47,"end":622.79}]},{"text":"bearing in mind that outer space is the common heritage of humanity.","start":623.31,"end":626.99,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"bearing","start":623.31,"end":623.51},{"text":"in","start":623.51,"end":623.59},{"text":"mind","start":623.59,"end":623.83},{"text":"that","start":623.83,"end":624.03},{"text":"outer","start":624.03,"end":624.27},{"text":"space","start":624.27,"end":624.67},{"text":"is","start":624.67,"end":624.83},{"text":"the","start":624.83,"end":624.95},{"text":"common","start":624.95,"end":625.35},{"text":"heritage","start":625.35,"end":626.03},{"text":"of","start":626.03,"end":626.27},{"text":"humanity.","start":626.27,"end":626.99}]},{"text":"And therefore, all peaceful activities conducted there should be regulated under the United Nations in order to guarantee the principles of exclusivity and the foundation of international consensus in this vital field, and to ensure that all different countries benefit from it, regardless of their level of advancement or economic development.","start":627.15,"end":645.15,"topics":[{"key":"equitable-space-access","label":"Equitable Access and Capacity Building","description":"Many delegations argued that all states, especially developing countries, should benefit from peaceful space activities on a non-discriminatory basis. They called for stronger international cooperation, technology transfer, training, data sharing and capacity building."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":627.15,"end":627.35},{"text":"therefore,","start":627.35,"end":627.71},{"text":"all","start":627.71,"end":627.87},{"text":"peaceful","start":627.87,"end":628.27},{"text":"activities","start":628.27,"end":628.83},{"text":"conducted","start":628.83,"end":629.59},{"text":"there","start":629.59,"end":629.87},{"text":"should","start":630.11,"end":630.43},{"text":"be","start":630.43,"end":630.59},{"text":"regulated","start":630.59,"end":631.31},{"text":"under","start":631.31,"end":631.71},{"text":"the","start":631.71,"end":631.79},{"text":"United","start":631.79,"end":632.27},{"text":"Nations","start":632.27,"end":632.83},{"text":"in","start":633.07,"end":633.27},{"text":"order","start":633.27,"end":633.55},{"text":"to","start":633.55,"end":633.67},{"text":"guarantee","start":633.67,"end":634.03},{"text":"the","start":634.03,"end":634.15},{"text":"principles","start":634.15,"end":634.63},{"text":"of","start":634.63,"end":634.71},{"text":"exclusivity","start":634.71,"end":635.55},{"text":"and","start":635.55,"end":636.03},{"text":"the","start":636.51,"end":636.67},{"text":"foundation","start":636.67,"end":636.99},{"text":"of","start":636.99,"end":637.07},{"text":"international","start":637.07,"end":638.35},{"text":"consensus","start":638.35,"end":638.95},{"text":"in","start":638.95,"end":639.03},{"text":"this","start":639.03,"end":639.23},{"text":"vital","start":639.23,"end":639.55},{"text":"field,","start":639.55,"end":639.83},{"text":"and","start":640.11,"end":640.27},{"text":"to","start":640.27,"end":640.39},{"text":"ensure","start":640.39,"end":640.59},{"text":"that","start":640.59,"end":640.83},{"text":"all","start":640.83,"end":640.95},{"text":"different","start":640.95,"end":641.27},{"text":"countries","start":641.27,"end":641.87},{"text":"benefit","start":641.87,"end":642.19},{"text":"from","start":642.19,"end":642.35},{"text":"it,","start":642.35,"end":642.43},{"text":"regardless","start":642.43,"end":642.83},{"text":"of","start":642.83,"end":642.91},{"text":"their","start":642.91,"end":643.03},{"text":"level","start":643.03,"end":643.27},{"text":"of","start":643.27,"end":643.35},{"text":"advancement","start":643.35,"end":643.91},{"text":"or","start":643.91,"end":644.03},{"text":"economic","start":644.03,"end":644.51},{"text":"development.","start":644.51,"end":645.15}]},{"text":"And this is in accordance with the Outer Space Treaty of the year 1967.","start":645.39,"end":650.43,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-law","label":"International Law and the Outer Space Treaty","description":"Delegations repeatedly referred to the 1967 Outer Space Treaty, the UN Charter, and in some cases international humanitarian law, as the foundation of space governance. Speakers emphasized compliance with existing law while some also called for the legal framework to be updated or strengthened."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":645.39,"end":645.55},{"text":"this","start":645.55,"end":645.71},{"text":"is","start":645.71,"end":645.83},{"text":"in","start":645.83,"end":645.91},{"text":"accordance","start":645.91,"end":646.43},{"text":"with","start":646.43,"end":646.63},{"text":"the","start":646.63,"end":646.71},{"text":"Outer","start":647.07,"end":647.39},{"text":"Space","start":647.39,"end":647.87},{"text":"Treaty","start":647.87,"end":648.35},{"text":"of","start":648.35,"end":648.51},{"text":"the","start":648.51,"end":648.59},{"text":"year","start":648.59,"end":648.75},{"text":"1967.","start":648.75,"end":650.43}]},{"text":"The Arab Group believes that the legal framework governing outer space through the five relevant instruments has played a positive role in promoting the peaceful use of outer space.","start":651.19,"end":660.15,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-law","label":"International Law and the Outer Space Treaty","description":"Delegations repeatedly referred to the 1967 Outer Space Treaty, the UN Charter, and in some cases international humanitarian law, as the foundation of space governance. 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Several speakers argued that voluntary measures cannot replace binding obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"However,","start":660.55,"end":660.95},{"text":"this","start":660.95,"end":661.27},{"text":"legal","start":661.27,"end":661.59},{"text":"framework","start":661.59,"end":662.23},{"text":"now","start":662.23,"end":662.55},{"text":"requires","start":662.55,"end":663.43},{"text":"further","start":663.43,"end":664.15},{"text":"development","start":664.15,"end":664.99},{"text":"to","start":664.99,"end":665.11},{"text":"keep","start":665.11,"end":665.31},{"text":"pace","start":665.31,"end":665.59},{"text":"with","start":665.59,"end":665.75},{"text":"the","start":665.75,"end":665.83},{"text":"rapid","start":665.83,"end":666.23},{"text":"changes","start":666.23,"end":666.87},{"text":"over","start":666.87,"end":667.23},{"text":"the","start":667.23,"end":667.35},{"text":"past","start":667.35,"end":667.67},{"text":"decade,","start":667.67,"end":668.15},{"text":"especially","start":668.55,"end":669.27},{"text":"in","start":669.27,"end":669.51},{"text":"light","start":669.51,"end":669.87},{"text":"of","start":669.87,"end":670.07},{"text":"the","start":670.07,"end":670.19},{"text":"announcement","start":670.19,"end":670.79},{"text":"by","start":670.79,"end":670.91},{"text":"several","start":670.91,"end":671.23},{"text":"states","start":671.23,"end":671.63},{"text":"that","start":671.63,"end":671.83},{"text":"they","start":671.83,"end":671.99},{"text":"are","start":671.99,"end":672.15},{"text":"developing","start":672.15,"end":672.71},{"text":"capabilities","start":672.71,"end":673.43},{"text":"either","start":673.43,"end":673.91},{"text":"to","start":673.91,"end":673.99},{"text":"deploy","start":673.99,"end":674.31},{"text":"weapons","start":674.31,"end":674.79},{"text":"in","start":674.79,"end":674.87},{"text":"outer","start":674.87,"end":675.19},{"text":"space","start":675.19,"end":675.51},{"text":"or","start":675.75,"end":676.07},{"text":"to","start":676.07,"end":676.23},{"text":"conduct","start":676.23,"end":676.63},{"text":"armed","start":676.63,"end":676.87},{"text":"attacks","start":676.87,"end":677.19},{"text":"against","start":677.19,"end":677.71},{"text":"satellites","start":677.71,"end":678.47},{"text":"and","start":678.47,"end":678.95},{"text":"outer","start":679.19,"end":679.55},{"text":"space","start":679.55,"end":679.99},{"text":"assets.","start":679.99,"end":680.55}]},{"text":"In this regard, the Arab Group believes that the development of the current legal framework must be done on two parallel tracks.","start":682.55,"end":690.23,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":682.55,"end":682.71},{"text":"this","start":682.71,"end":682.87},{"text":"regard,","start":682.87,"end":683.35},{"text":"the","start":683.35,"end":683.47},{"text":"Arab","start":683.47,"end":683.75},{"text":"Group","start":683.75,"end":684.15},{"text":"believes","start":684.31,"end":684.63},{"text":"that","start":684.63,"end":685.03},{"text":"the","start":685.03,"end":685.15},{"text":"development","start":685.15,"end":685.75},{"text":"of","start":685.75,"end":685.91},{"text":"the","start":685.91,"end":686.03},{"text":"current","start":686.03,"end":686.63},{"text":"legal","start":686.63,"end":687.03},{"text":"framework","start":687.03,"end":687.67},{"text":"must","start":687.83,"end":688.39},{"text":"be","start":688.39,"end":688.63},{"text":"done","start":688.63,"end":688.95},{"text":"on","start":688.95,"end":689.11},{"text":"two","start":689.11,"end":689.27},{"text":"parallel","start":689.27,"end":689.75},{"text":"tracks.","start":689.75,"end":690.23}]},{"text":"The first track is to continue the development of rules and principles for responsible behavior in outer space, which remain important frameworks, albeit insufficient.","start":690.39,"end":700.55,"topics":[{"key":"responsible-behavior-norms","label":"Norms, Rules and Confidence-Building Measures","description":"Numerous statements supported developing norms, rules, principles of responsible behaviour, and transparency and confidence-building measures to reduce mistrust, miscalculation and escalation. Views differed on emphasis, but many saw these measures as complementary to future legal commitments."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":690.39,"end":690.55},{"text":"first","start":690.55,"end":690.87},{"text":"track","start":690.87,"end":691.27},{"text":"is","start":691.43,"end":691.63},{"text":"to","start":691.63,"end":691.75},{"text":"continue","start":691.75,"end":692.15},{"text":"the","start":692.15,"end":692.23},{"text":"development","start":692.23,"end":692.95},{"text":"of","start":692.95,"end":693.11},{"text":"rules","start":693.11,"end":693.43},{"text":"and","start":693.43,"end":693.59},{"text":"principles","start":693.59,"end":694.07},{"text":"for","start":694.07,"end":694.35},{"text":"responsible","start":694.35,"end":694.95},{"text":"behavior","start":694.95,"end":695.47},{"text":"in","start":695.47,"end":695.55},{"text":"outer","start":695.55,"end":695.83},{"text":"space,","start":695.83,"end":696.31},{"text":"which","start":696.83,"end":697.15},{"text":"remain","start":697.15,"end":697.59},{"text":"important","start":697.59,"end":698.39},{"text":"frameworks,","start":698.39,"end":698.95},{"text":"albeit","start":698.95,"end":699.59},{"text":"insufficient.","start":699.59,"end":700.55}]},{"text":"The second track would be through launching a process to discuss the possibility of reaching a legally binding international instrument to prevent an arms race in outer space based on the report of the group of government experts on further practical measures for the prevention of an arms race in outer space on the objective elements of a legally binding instrument in this regard pursuant to GA Resolution 72/250.","start":701.67,"end":726.67,"topics":[{"key":"binding-space-instrument","label":"Legally Binding Space Security Instrument","description":"A major theme was the call for negotiations on a universal, multilaterally negotiated and verifiable legal instrument to prohibit weapons in outer space and attacks against space objects. 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statement.","start":831.71,"end":843.07,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Nord","start":831.71,"end":831.99},{"text":"Macedonia,","start":831.99,"end":832.59},{"text":"Montenegro,","start":832.59,"end":833.39},{"text":"Albania,","start":833.39,"end":834.03},{"text":"Ukraine,","start":834.03,"end":834.75},{"text":"the","start":834.91,"end":834.99},{"text":"Republic","start":835.07,"end":835.63},{"text":"of","start":835.63,"end":835.79},{"text":"Moldova,","start":835.79,"end":836.43},{"text":"Bosnia","start":836.67,"end":837.15},{"text":"and","start":837.15,"end":837.47},{"text":"Herzegovina,","start":837.47,"end":838.43},{"text":"Georgia,","start":838.43,"end":838.99},{"text":"Iceland,","start":838.99,"end":839.55},{"text":"Monaco,","start":839.55,"end":839.91},{"text":"and","start":839.91,"end":840.03},{"text":"San","start":840.03,"end":840.27},{"text":"Marino","start":840.27,"end":840.83},{"text":"aligned","start":841.31,"end":841.67},{"text":"themselves","start":841.67,"end":842.19},{"text":"with","start":842.19,"end":842.35},{"text":"this","start":842.35,"end":842.47},{"text":"statement.","start":842.47,"end":843.07}]},{"text":"The EU promotes the preservation of a safe, secure, stable, and sustainable space environment and the peaceful use of outer space.","start":843.95,"end":852.75,"topics":[{"key":"space-sustainability","label":"Space Sustainability and Debris","description":"Long-term sustainability of the space environment emerged as a recurring concern, especially regarding debris, large satellite constellations, uncontrolled re-entries and space traffic. Speakers warned that harmful activities in orbit could make parts of space unusable for future generations."},{"key":"outer-space-paros","label":"Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space must remain a peaceful domain and warned against its weaponization or transformation into a theatre of conflict. They framed preventing an arms race in outer space as a core international security objective."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":843.95,"end":844.07},{"text":"EU","start":844.07,"end":844.43},{"text":"promotes","start":844.43,"end":845.15},{"text":"the","start":845.15,"end":845.27},{"text":"preservation","start":845.27,"end":846.03},{"text":"of","start":846.03,"end":846.15},{"text":"a","start":846.15,"end":846.19},{"text":"safe,","start":846.19,"end":846.75},{"text":"secure,","start":846.75,"end":847.47},{"text":"stable,","start":847.47,"end":848.03},{"text":"and","start":848.03,"end":848.19},{"text":"sustainable","start":848.19,"end":848.83},{"text":"space","start":848.83,"end":849.31},{"text":"environment","start":849.31,"end":850.11},{"text":"and","start":850.67,"end":850.87},{"text":"the","start":850.87,"end":850.95},{"text":"peaceful","start":850.95,"end":851.47},{"text":"use","start":851.47,"end":851.79},{"text":"of","start":851.79,"end":851.95},{"text":"outer","start":851.95,"end":852.19},{"text":"space.","start":852.19,"end":852.75}]},{"text":"We remain strongly committed to the prevention of an arms race in outer space in all its aspects.","start":853.31,"end":859.23,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-paros","label":"Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space must remain a peaceful domain and warned against its weaponization or transformation into a theatre of conflict. They framed preventing an arms race in outer space as a core international security objective."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":853.31,"end":853.51},{"text":"remain","start":853.51,"end":853.95},{"text":"strongly","start":853.95,"end":854.43},{"text":"committed","start":854.43,"end":854.87},{"text":"to","start":854.87,"end":855.11},{"text":"the","start":855.11,"end":855.19},{"text":"prevention","start":855.19,"end":855.75},{"text":"of","start":855.75,"end":855.87},{"text":"an","start":855.87,"end":855.95},{"text":"arms","start":855.95,"end":856.35},{"text":"race","start":856.35,"end":856.63},{"text":"in","start":856.63,"end":856.75},{"text":"outer","start":856.75,"end":857.07},{"text":"space","start":857.07,"end":857.55},{"text":"in","start":857.55,"end":857.87},{"text":"all","start":857.87,"end":858.11},{"text":"its","start":858.11,"end":858.43},{"text":"aspects.","start":858.43,"end":859.23}]},{"text":"Threats, real and perceived, are multiplying in outer space, risking the safe and secure delivery of essential services vital for societies and global issues.","start":860.11,"end":870.99,"topics":[{"key":"civilian-space-services","label":"Protection of Civilian Space Services","description":"A number of delegations emphasized that societies depend on satellites for communications, navigation, disaster response, banking, climate monitoring and other essential services. They therefore called for stronger protection of civilian and humanitarian space systems from disruption or attack."},{"key":"counterspace-threats","label":"Counter-Space Weapons and Anti-Satellite Threats","description":"Several speakers highlighted concrete threats such as anti-satellite missiles, destructive direct-ascent ASAT tests, jamming, spoofing, and other counter-space capabilities. These were presented as urgent risks to stability, security and strategic predictability in space."}],"words":[{"text":"Threats,","start":860.11,"end":860.67},{"text":"real","start":860.67,"end":861.23},{"text":"and","start":861.23,"end":861.39},{"text":"perceived,","start":861.39,"end":861.95},{"text":"are","start":861.95,"end":862.27},{"text":"multiplying","start":862.27,"end":862.95},{"text":"in","start":862.95,"end":863.07},{"text":"outer","start":863.07,"end":863.31},{"text":"space,","start":863.31,"end":863.87},{"text":"risking","start":864.11,"end":864.59},{"text":"the","start":864.59,"end":864.67},{"text":"safe","start":864.67,"end":865.15},{"text":"and","start":865.15,"end":865.31},{"text":"secure","start":865.31,"end":865.71},{"text":"delivery","start":865.71,"end":866.27},{"text":"of","start":866.27,"end":866.43},{"text":"essential","start":866.43,"end":866.99},{"text":"services","start":866.99,"end":867.71},{"text":"vital","start":868.27,"end":868.83},{"text":"for","start":868.83,"end":868.99},{"text":"societies","start":868.99,"end":869.87},{"text":"and","start":869.87,"end":869.99},{"text":"global","start":869.99,"end":870.43},{"text":"issues.","start":870.43,"end":870.99}]},{"text":"Improving space security is in the interest of all states.","start":871.79,"end":876.11,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Improving","start":871.79,"end":872.31},{"text":"space","start":872.31,"end":872.63},{"text":"security","start":872.63,"end":873.31},{"text":"is","start":873.39,"end":873.63},{"text":"in","start":873.63,"end":873.83},{"text":"the","start":873.83,"end":873.91},{"text":"interest","start":873.91,"end":874.51},{"text":"of","start":874.59,"end":874.91},{"text":"all","start":875.07,"end":875.39},{"text":"states.","start":875.39,"end":876.11}]},{"text":"The EU reaffirms the applicability of international law, including international humanitarian law, to outer space, the UN Charter and the Outer Space Treaty.","start":877.39,"end":887.63,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-law","label":"International Law and the Outer Space Treaty","description":"Delegations repeatedly referred to the 1967 Outer Space Treaty, the UN Charter, and in some cases international humanitarian law, as the foundation of space governance. Speakers emphasized compliance with existing law while some also called for the legal framework to be updated or strengthened."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":877.39,"end":877.51},{"text":"EU","start":877.55,"end":877.87},{"text":"reaffirms","start":877.87,"end":878.59},{"text":"the","start":878.59,"end":878.67},{"text":"applicability","start":878.67,"end":879.55},{"text":"of","start":879.55,"end":879.79},{"text":"international","start":879.79,"end":880.87},{"text":"law,","start":880.87,"end":880.95},{"text":"including","start":881.31,"end":881.87},{"text":"international","start":881.87,"end":882.51},{"text":"humanitarian","start":882.51,"end":883.23},{"text":"law,","start":883.23,"end":883.55},{"text":"to","start":883.55,"end":883.83},{"text":"outer","start":883.83,"end":884.03},{"text":"space,","start":884.03,"end":884.59},{"text":"the","start":885.31,"end":885.43},{"text":"UN","start":885.43,"end":885.71},{"text":"Charter","start":885.71,"end":886.27},{"text":"and","start":886.27,"end":886.39},{"text":"the","start":886.39,"end":886.47},{"text":"Outer","start":886.47,"end":886.75},{"text":"Space","start":886.75,"end":887.07},{"text":"Treaty.","start":887.07,"end":887.63}]},{"text":"All space activities must be conducted in accordance with the existing international legal framework.","start":888.63,"end":895.19,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-law","label":"International Law and the Outer Space Treaty","description":"Delegations repeatedly referred to the 1967 Outer Space Treaty, the UN Charter, and in some cases international humanitarian law, as the foundation of space governance. Speakers emphasized compliance with existing law while some also called for the legal framework to be updated or strengthened."}],"words":[{"text":"All","start":888.63,"end":888.87},{"text":"space","start":888.87,"end":889.19},{"text":"activities","start":889.19,"end":890.07},{"text":"must","start":890.07,"end":890.39},{"text":"be","start":890.39,"end":890.51},{"text":"conducted","start":890.51,"end":891.19},{"text":"in","start":891.19,"end":891.35},{"text":"accordance","start":891.35,"end":892.15},{"text":"with","start":892.15,"end":892.39},{"text":"the","start":892.39,"end":892.47},{"text":"existing","start":892.47,"end":893.11},{"text":"international","start":893.19,"end":894.11},{"text":"legal","start":894.11,"end":894.39},{"text":"framework.","start":894.39,"end":895.19}]},{"text":"We encourage all to ratify the Outer Space Treaty and fully implement it.","start":895.67,"end":900.23,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-law","label":"International Law and the Outer Space Treaty","description":"Delegations repeatedly referred to the 1967 Outer Space Treaty, the UN Charter, and in some cases international humanitarian law, as the foundation of space governance. 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Views differed on emphasis, but many saw these measures as complementary to future legal commitments."}],"words":[{"text":"Transparency","start":994.71,"end":995.59},{"text":"and","start":995.59,"end":995.79},{"text":"confidence-building","start":995.79,"end":996.79},{"text":"measures","start":996.79,"end":997.23},{"text":"serve","start":997.23,"end":998.07},{"text":"as","start":998.07,"end":998.19},{"text":"a","start":998.19,"end":998.23},{"text":"tool","start":998.23,"end":998.55},{"text":"for","start":998.55,"end":998.79},{"text":"cultivating","start":998.79,"end":999.51},{"text":"trust","start":999.51,"end":1000.07},{"text":"and","start":1000.47,"end":1000.63},{"text":"forging","start":1000.63,"end":1001.11},{"text":"common","start":1001.11,"end":1001.43},{"text":"understandings.","start":1001.43,"end":1002.39}]},{"text":"The HCoC sets a good example of the use of TCBMs to avoid misunderstandings and increase trust.","start":1002.79,"end":1008.55,"topics":[{"key":"responsible-behavior-norms","label":"Norms, Rules and Confidence-Building Measures","description":"Numerous statements supported developing norms, rules, principles of responsible behaviour, and transparency and confidence-building measures to reduce mistrust, miscalculation and escalation. Views differed on emphasis, but many saw these measures as complementary to future legal commitments."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1002.79,"end":1002.99},{"text":"HCoC","start":1002.99,"end":1003.67},{"text":"sets","start":1003.67,"end":1003.95},{"text":"a","start":1003.95,"end":1003.99},{"text":"good","start":1003.99,"end":1004.23},{"text":"example","start":1004.23,"end":1004.83},{"text":"of","start":1004.83,"end":1004.95},{"text":"the","start":1004.95,"end":1005.07},{"text":"use","start":1005.07,"end":1005.31},{"text":"of","start":1005.31,"end":1005.43},{"text":"TCBMs","start":1005.43,"end":1006.15},{"text":"to","start":1006.15,"end":1006.23},{"text":"avoid","start":1006.23,"end":1006.59},{"text":"misunderstandings","start":1006.59,"end":1007.51},{"text":"and","start":1007.51,"end":1007.67},{"text":"increase","start":1007.67,"end":1008.07},{"text":"trust.","start":1008.07,"end":1008.55}]},{"text":"We encourage all States to subscribe and fully implement HCoC rules.","start":1009.19,"end":1015.11,"topics":[{"key":"responsible-behavior-norms","label":"Norms, Rules and Confidence-Building Measures","description":"Numerous statements supported developing norms, rules, principles of responsible behaviour, and transparency and confidence-building measures to reduce mistrust, miscalculation and escalation. 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These were presented as urgent risks to stability, security and strategic predictability in space."}],"words":[{"text":"Among","start":1034.99,"end":1035.27},{"text":"the","start":1035.27,"end":1035.39},{"text":"most","start":1035.39,"end":1035.71},{"text":"urgent","start":1035.71,"end":1036.15},{"text":"threats","start":1036.15,"end":1036.51},{"text":"are","start":1036.51,"end":1036.75},{"text":"destructive","start":1037.31,"end":1037.95},{"text":"direct","start":1037.95,"end":1038.51},{"text":"ascent","start":1038.51,"end":1038.99},{"text":"anti-satellite","start":1038.99,"end":1039.95},{"text":"missile","start":1039.95,"end":1040.35},{"text":"tests.","start":1040.35,"end":1040.91}]},{"text":"The EU strongly condemned Russia's conduct of such a test in 2021 as an act of irresponsible behaviour.","start":1041.47,"end":1048.75,"topics":[{"key":"counterspace-threats","label":"Counter-Space Weapons and Anti-Satellite Threats","description":"Several speakers highlighted concrete threats such as anti-satellite missiles, destructive direct-ascent ASAT tests, jamming, spoofing, and other counter-space capabilities. These were presented as urgent risks to stability, security and strategic predictability in space."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1041.47,"end":1041.67},{"text":"EU","start":1041.67,"end":1042.27},{"text":"strongly","start":1042.27,"end":1042.75},{"text":"condemned","start":1042.75,"end":1043.31},{"text":"Russia's","start":1043.39,"end":1043.95},{"text":"conduct","start":1044.11,"end":1044.59},{"text":"of","start":1044.59,"end":1044.75},{"text":"such","start":1044.75,"end":1045.03},{"text":"a","start":1045.03,"end":1045.07},{"text":"test","start":1045.07,"end":1045.39},{"text":"in","start":1045.39,"end":1045.47},{"text":"2021","start":1045.47,"end":1046.19},{"text":"as","start":1046.43,"end":1046.63},{"text":"an","start":1046.63,"end":1046.71},{"text":"act","start":1046.71,"end":1046.91},{"text":"of","start":1046.91,"end":1047.07},{"text":"irresponsible","start":1047.23,"end":1048.07},{"text":"behaviour.","start":1048.07,"end":1048.75}]},{"text":"We welcome the commitments not to conduct these destructive tests and encourage all states to make such a commitment.","start":1048.83,"end":1055.83,"topics":[{"key":"counterspace-threats","label":"Counter-Space Weapons and Anti-Satellite Threats","description":"Several speakers highlighted concrete threats such as anti-satellite missiles, destructive direct-ascent ASAT tests, jamming, spoofing, and other counter-space capabilities. 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the distinguished permanent representative to the Conference on Disarmament of Italy.","start":1262.31,"end":1269.51,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Now","start":1262.31,"end":1262.63},{"text":"I","start":1262.63,"end":1262.71},{"text":"give","start":1262.71,"end":1262.99},{"text":"the","start":1262.99,"end":1263.11},{"text":"floor","start":1263.11,"end":1263.39},{"text":"to","start":1263.39,"end":1263.51},{"text":"the","start":1263.51,"end":1263.63},{"text":"distinguished","start":1263.63,"end":1264.19},{"text":"permanent","start":1264.19,"end":1264.67},{"text":"representative","start":1264.67,"end":1265.67},{"text":"to","start":1266.47,"end":1266.63},{"text":"the","start":1266.63,"end":1266.79},{"text":"Conference","start":1266.79,"end":1267.43},{"text":"on","start":1267.43,"end":1267.59},{"text":"Disarmament","start":1267.59,"end":1268.55},{"text":"of","start":1268.79,"end":1268.95},{"text":"Italy.","start":1268.95,"end":1269.51}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"1st 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following.","start":1274.95,"end":1280.71,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":1274.95,"end":1275.15},{"text":"align","start":1275.27,"end":1275.91},{"text":"ourselves","start":1276.31,"end":1276.71},{"text":"with","start":1276.71,"end":1276.99},{"text":"the","start":1276.99,"end":1277.07},{"text":"statement","start":1277.11,"end":1277.75},{"text":"by","start":1277.83,"end":1277.99},{"text":"the","start":1277.99,"end":1278.07},{"text":"European","start":1278.07,"end":1278.47},{"text":"Union,","start":1278.47,"end":1278.87},{"text":"and","start":1279.27,"end":1279.39},{"text":"I","start":1279.39,"end":1279.43},{"text":"want","start":1279.43,"end":1279.71},{"text":"to","start":1279.71,"end":1279.79},{"text":"add","start":1279.79,"end":1279.95},{"text":"the","start":1279.95,"end":1280.07},{"text":"following.","start":1280.07,"end":1280.71}]},{"text":"Outer space security has become an increasingly urgent 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the same time, Italy has the honor of sharing co-ops for the 2026-2027 term.","start":1405.11,"end":1412.31,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"At","start":1405.11,"end":1405.19},{"text":"the","start":1405.19,"end":1405.27},{"text":"same","start":1405.27,"end":1405.51},{"text":"time,","start":1405.51,"end":1405.83},{"text":"Italy","start":1405.83,"end":1406.23},{"text":"has","start":1406.63,"end":1406.95},{"text":"the","start":1406.95,"end":1407.07},{"text":"honor","start":1407.11,"end":1407.51},{"text":"of","start":1407.51,"end":1407.71},{"text":"sharing","start":1407.75,"end":1408.39},{"text":"co-ops","start":1408.95,"end":1409.43},{"text":"for","start":1409.43,"end":1409.67},{"text":"the","start":1409.67,"end":1409.79},{"text":"2026-2027","start":1410.39,"end":1411.91},{"text":"term.","start":1411.91,"end":1412.31}]},{"text":"We should encourage appropriate channels of communication between these processes and engagement with other relevant actors.","start":1413.35,"end":1420.31,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":1413.35,"end":1413.47},{"text":"should","start":1413.47,"end":1413.67},{"text":"encourage","start":1413.67,"end":1414.31},{"text":"appropriate","start":1414.31,"end":1414.79},{"text":"channels","start":1414.79,"end":1415.19},{"text":"of","start":1415.19,"end":1415.27},{"text":"communication","start":1415.27,"end":1416.03},{"text":"between","start":1416.03,"end":1416.39},{"text":"these","start":1416.39,"end":1416.63},{"text":"processes","start":1416.63,"end":1417.35},{"text":"and","start":1417.35,"end":1417.51},{"text":"engagement","start":1417.51,"end":1418.23},{"text":"with","start":1418.47,"end":1418.71},{"text":"other","start":1418.71,"end":1419.11},{"text":"relevant","start":1419.11,"end":1419.59},{"text":"actors.","start":1419.67,"end":1420.31}]},{"text":"Cheers.","start":1421.03,"end":1421.43,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Cheers.","start":1421.03,"end":1421.43}]},{"text":"In some areas, I lost my text.","start":1422.55,"end":1426.43,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":1422.55,"end":1422.71},{"text":"some","start":1422.71,"end":1422.95},{"text":"areas,","start":1422.99,"end":1423.43},{"text":"I","start":1425.63,"end":1425.67},{"text":"lost","start":1425.67,"end":1425.87},{"text":"my","start":1425.87,"end":1426.03},{"text":"text.","start":1426.03,"end":1426.43}]},{"text":"In some areas, discussions have already reached a significant degree of maturity.","start":1426.43,"end":1430.35,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":1426.43,"end":1426.51},{"text":"some","start":1426.51,"end":1426.79},{"text":"areas,","start":1426.79,"end":1427.07},{"text":"discussions","start":1427.07,"end":1427.71},{"text":"have","start":1427.71,"end":1427.87},{"text":"already","start":1427.87,"end":1428.19},{"text":"reached","start":1428.19,"end":1428.67},{"text":"a","start":1428.67,"end":1428.71},{"text":"significant","start":1428.71,"end":1429.39},{"text":"degree","start":1429.39,"end":1429.71},{"text":"of","start":1429.71,"end":1429.79},{"text":"maturity.","start":1429.79,"end":1430.35}]},{"text":"We should build on this convergence and translate into concrete progress.","start":1430.35,"end":1436.03,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":1430.35,"end":1430.47},{"text":"should","start":1430.47,"end":1430.63},{"text":"build","start":1430.63,"end":1430.99},{"text":"on","start":1430.99,"end":1431.15},{"text":"this","start":1431.15,"end":1431.39},{"text":"convergence","start":1431.39,"end":1432.03},{"text":"and","start":1432.59,"end":1432.79},{"text":"translate","start":1432.79,"end":1433.23},{"text":"into","start":1433.23,"end":1433.87},{"text":"concrete","start":1434.43,"end":1435.15},{"text":"progress.","start":1435.47,"end":1436.03}]},{"text":"Once such area is destructive, direct descent, and anti-satellite missile testing.","start":1437.07,"end":1442.67,"topics":[{"key":"counterspace-threats","label":"Counter-Space Weapons and Anti-Satellite Threats","description":"Several speakers highlighted concrete threats such as anti-satellite missiles, destructive direct-ascent ASAT tests, jamming, spoofing, and other counter-space capabilities. These were presented as urgent risks to stability, security and strategic predictability in space."}],"words":[{"text":"Once","start":1437.07,"end":1437.31},{"text":"such","start":1437.31,"end":1437.55},{"text":"area","start":1437.55,"end":1437.87},{"text":"is","start":1437.87,"end":1438.11},{"text":"destructive,","start":1438.11,"end":1438.67},{"text":"direct","start":1439.71,"end":1440.07},{"text":"descent,","start":1440.07,"end":1440.43},{"text":"and","start":1440.43,"end":1440.55},{"text":"anti-satellite","start":1440.55,"end":1441.31},{"text":"missile","start":1441.31,"end":1442.19},{"text":"testing.","start":1442.19,"end":1442.67}]},{"text":"Italy reiterates its support for the commencement of negotiations on a legally binding instrument prohibiting such tests.","start":1442.67,"end":1449.71,"topics":[{"key":"binding-space-instrument","label":"Legally Binding Space Security Instrument","description":"A major theme was the call for negotiations on a universal, multilaterally negotiated and verifiable legal instrument to prohibit weapons in outer space and attacks against space objects. Several speakers argued that voluntary measures cannot replace binding obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"Italy","start":1442.67,"end":1443.07},{"text":"reiterates","start":1443.07,"end":1443.71},{"text":"its","start":1443.71,"end":1443.91},{"text":"support","start":1443.91,"end":1444.43},{"text":"for","start":1444.75,"end":1444.91},{"text":"the","start":1444.91,"end":1444.99},{"text":"commencement","start":1444.99,"end":1445.63},{"text":"of","start":1445.63,"end":1445.79},{"text":"negotiations","start":1445.79,"end":1446.67},{"text":"on","start":1446.67,"end":1446.83},{"text":"a","start":1446.83,"end":1446.87},{"text":"legally","start":1446.87,"end":1447.23},{"text":"binding","start":1447.23,"end":1447.71},{"text":"instrument","start":1447.79,"end":1448.39},{"text":"prohibiting","start":1448.39,"end":1448.91},{"text":"such","start":1448.91,"end":1449.23},{"text":"tests.","start":1449.23,"end":1449.71}]},{"text":"The entirety of this statement will be.","start":1450.43,"end":1452.35,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1450.43,"end":1450.55},{"text":"entirety","start":1450.55,"end":1450.99},{"text":"of","start":1451.03,"end":1451.15},{"text":"this","start":1451.15,"end":1451.35},{"text":"statement","start":1451.35,"end":1451.83},{"text":"will","start":1451.83,"end":1452.03},{"text":"be.","start":1452.03,"end":1452.35}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"ITA","group":null,"function":"Permanent Representative to the Conference on Disarmament","affiliation_full":"Italy"}},{"statement_number":13,"start":1455.95,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c1/81/15?lang=en&t=24:16","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished permanent representative to the CD of Italy.","start":1455.95,"end":1461.79,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":1455.95,"end":1456.19},{"text":"thank","start":1456.27,"end":1456.71},{"text":"the","start":1456.71,"end":1456.91},{"text":"distinguished","start":1456.99,"end":1457.63},{"text":"permanent","start":1457.63,"end":1458.19},{"text":"representative","start":1458.19,"end":1459.47},{"text":"to","start":1459.47,"end":1459.71},{"text":"the","start":1459.71,"end":1459.99},{"text":"CD","start":1459.99,"end":1460.83},{"text":"of","start":1460.99,"end":1461.31},{"text":"Italy.","start":1461.31,"end":1461.79}]},{"text":"Now I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Angola.","start":1461.79,"end":1465.95,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Now","start":1461.79,"end":1462.03},{"text":"I","start":1462.03,"end":1462.19},{"text":"give","start":1462.19,"end":1462.47},{"text":"the","start":1462.47,"end":1462.59},{"text":"floor","start":1462.59,"end":1462.91},{"text":"to","start":1462.91,"end":1462.99},{"text":"the","start":1462.99,"end":1463.11},{"text":"distinguished","start":1463.11,"end":1463.63},{"text":"representative","start":1463.63,"end":1464.51},{"text":"of","start":1464.99,"end":1465.31},{"text":"Angola.","start":1465.47,"end":1465.95}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"1st Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair","affiliation_full":"1st Committee"}},{"statement_number":14,"start":1474.87,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c1/81/15?lang=en&t=24:35","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Outer space must remain a domain of peace, cooperation, and scientific advancement, serving the interests of all humanity, rather than become an arena for military confrontation or geopolitical competition.","start":1474.87,"end":1488.95,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-paros","label":"Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space must remain a peaceful domain and warned against its weaponization or transformation into a theatre of conflict. They framed preventing an arms race in outer space as a core international security objective."}],"words":[{"text":"Outer","start":1474.87,"end":1475.03},{"text":"space","start":1475.03,"end":1475.59},{"text":"must","start":1475.59,"end":1475.91},{"text":"remain","start":1475.91,"end":1476.31},{"text":"a","start":1476.31,"end":1476.35},{"text":"domain","start":1476.35,"end":1476.79},{"text":"of","start":1476.79,"end":1476.95},{"text":"peace,","start":1476.95,"end":1477.59},{"text":"cooperation,","start":1477.59,"end":1478.63},{"text":"and","start":1478.63,"end":1478.75},{"text":"scientific","start":1478.75,"end":1479.27},{"text":"advancement,","start":1479.27,"end":1480.15},{"text":"serving","start":1480.15,"end":1480.71},{"text":"the","start":1480.71,"end":1480.83},{"text":"interests","start":1480.83,"end":1481.43},{"text":"of","start":1481.43,"end":1481.75},{"text":"all","start":1481.75,"end":1481.91},{"text":"humanity,","start":1481.91,"end":1482.63},{"text":"rather","start":1482.63,"end":1483.19},{"text":"than","start":1483.19,"end":1483.51},{"text":"become","start":1483.51,"end":1484.15},{"text":"an","start":1484.59,"end":1484.71},{"text":"arena","start":1484.71,"end":1485.19},{"text":"for","start":1485.19,"end":1485.51},{"text":"military","start":1485.51,"end":1486.15},{"text":"confrontation","start":1486.15,"end":1487.03},{"text":"or","start":1487.03,"end":1487.19},{"text":"geopolitical","start":1487.19,"end":1487.99},{"text":"competition.","start":1487.99,"end":1488.95}]},{"text":"Mr. Chair, I would like to address three points today.","start":1489.75,"end":1492.63,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":1489.75,"end":1490.07},{"text":"Chair,","start":1490.07,"end":1490.47},{"text":"I","start":1490.47,"end":1490.63},{"text":"would","start":1490.63,"end":1490.75},{"text":"like","start":1490.75,"end":1491.19},{"text":"to","start":1491.19,"end":1491.27},{"text":"address","start":1491.27,"end":1491.59},{"text":"three","start":1491.59,"end":1491.75},{"text":"points","start":1491.75,"end":1492.15},{"text":"today.","start":1492.15,"end":1492.63}]},{"text":"First, the increasing militarization of outer space presents a serious threat to the maintenance of international peace and security.","start":1492.87,"end":1500.87,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-paros","label":"Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space must remain a peaceful domain and warned against its weaponization or transformation into a theatre of conflict. They framed preventing an arms race in outer space as a core international security objective."}],"words":[{"text":"First,","start":1492.87,"end":1493.51},{"text":"the","start":1493.51,"end":1493.75},{"text":"increasing","start":1493.75,"end":1494.31},{"text":"militarization","start":1494.31,"end":1495.23},{"text":"of","start":1495.23,"end":1495.35},{"text":"outer","start":1495.35,"end":1495.67},{"text":"space","start":1495.67,"end":1496.23},{"text":"presents","start":1496.23,"end":1496.83},{"text":"a","start":1496.83,"end":1496.87},{"text":"serious","start":1496.87,"end":1497.35},{"text":"threat","start":1497.35,"end":1497.87},{"text":"to","start":1497.87,"end":1497.95},{"text":"the","start":1497.99,"end":1498.11},{"text":"maintenance","start":1498.11,"end":1498.79},{"text":"of","start":1498.79,"end":1498.87},{"text":"international","start":1499.03,"end":1499.59},{"text":"peace","start":1499.59,"end":1499.87},{"text":"and","start":1499.87,"end":1500.03},{"text":"security.","start":1500.03,"end":1500.87}]},{"text":"The deployment of weapon in space, the development of anti-satellite capability, and the potential targeting of civilian space infrastructure threaten not only global stability, but also essential service upon which millions of people depends.","start":1501.59,"end":1519.55,"topics":[{"key":"counterspace-threats","label":"Counter-Space Weapons and Anti-Satellite Threats","description":"Several speakers highlighted concrete threats such as anti-satellite missiles, destructive direct-ascent ASAT tests, jamming, spoofing, and other counter-space capabilities. These were presented as urgent risks to stability, security and strategic predictability in space."},{"key":"civilian-space-services","label":"Protection of Civilian Space Services","description":"A number of delegations emphasized that societies depend on satellites for communications, navigation, disaster response, banking, climate monitoring and other essential services. They therefore called for stronger protection of civilian and humanitarian space systems from disruption or attack."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1501.59,"end":1501.63},{"text":"deployment","start":1501.63,"end":1502.39},{"text":"of","start":1502.39,"end":1502.59},{"text":"weapon","start":1502.59,"end":1503.31},{"text":"in","start":1503.31,"end":1503.55},{"text":"space,","start":1503.55,"end":1504.27},{"text":"the","start":1504.27,"end":1504.39},{"text":"development","start":1504.39,"end":1505.07},{"text":"of","start":1505.07,"end":1505.15},{"text":"anti-satellite","start":1505.15,"end":1505.99},{"text":"capability,","start":1505.99,"end":1506.99},{"text":"and","start":1506.99,"end":1507.19},{"text":"the","start":1507.19,"end":1507.31},{"text":"potential","start":1507.31,"end":1508.03},{"text":"targeting","start":1508.03,"end":1509.07},{"text":"of","start":1509.07,"end":1509.23},{"text":"civilian","start":1509.23,"end":1509.79},{"text":"space","start":1509.79,"end":1510.35},{"text":"infrastructure","start":1510.35,"end":1511.31},{"text":"threaten","start":1511.79,"end":1512.27},{"text":"not","start":1512.27,"end":1512.59},{"text":"only","start":1512.59,"end":1512.99},{"text":"global","start":1513.15,"end":1513.87},{"text":"stability,","start":1513.87,"end":1514.75},{"text":"but","start":1514.75,"end":1515.07},{"text":"also","start":1515.07,"end":1515.39},{"text":"essential","start":1515.39,"end":1516.03},{"text":"service","start":1516.03,"end":1516.67},{"text":"upon","start":1516.67,"end":1517.19},{"text":"which","start":1517.19,"end":1517.79},{"text":"millions","start":1518.03,"end":1518.39},{"text":"of","start":1518.39,"end":1518.51},{"text":"people","start":1518.51,"end":1518.83},{"text":"depends.","start":1518.83,"end":1519.55}]},{"text":"International security in outer space cannot be achieved through unilateral actions alone.","start":1520.19,"end":1525.95,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-paros","label":"Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space must remain a peaceful domain and warned against its weaponization or transformation into a theatre of conflict. They framed preventing an arms race in outer space as a core international security objective."}],"words":[{"text":"International","start":1520.19,"end":1520.75},{"text":"security","start":1520.75,"end":1521.43},{"text":"in","start":1521.43,"end":1521.55},{"text":"outer","start":1521.55,"end":1521.87},{"text":"space","start":1521.87,"end":1522.35},{"text":"cannot","start":1522.35,"end":1522.75},{"text":"be","start":1522.75,"end":1522.99},{"text":"achieved","start":1522.99,"end":1523.71},{"text":"through","start":1523.71,"end":1523.95},{"text":"unilateral","start":1524.03,"end":1524.75},{"text":"actions","start":1524.75,"end":1525.47},{"text":"alone.","start":1525.47,"end":1525.95}]},{"text":"Existing international space law must be fully respected by all nations, regardless of their level of technological development or military capability.","start":1526.55,"end":1539.47,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-law","label":"International Law and the Outer Space Treaty","description":"Delegations repeatedly referred to the 1967 Outer Space Treaty, the UN Charter, and in some cases international humanitarian law, as the foundation of space governance. 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They framed preventing an arms race in outer space as a core international security objective."}],"words":[{"text":"Prevention","start":1540.19,"end":1540.95},{"text":"of","start":1540.95,"end":1541.35},{"text":"arms","start":1541.35,"end":1542.23},{"text":"race","start":1542.23,"end":1542.79},{"text":"in","start":1542.79,"end":1542.95},{"text":"outer","start":1542.95,"end":1543.27},{"text":"space.","start":1543.27,"end":1543.99}]},{"text":"We must work to strengthen multilateral cooperation to effectively prevent an arms race in outer space and work to promote transparency and build confidence through meaningful dialogue and multilateral cooperation.","start":1544.31,"end":1559.19,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-paros","label":"Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space must remain a peaceful domain and warned against its weaponization or transformation into a theatre of conflict. They framed preventing an arms race in outer space as a core international security objective."},{"key":"responsible-behavior-norms","label":"Norms, Rules and Confidence-Building Measures","description":"Numerous statements supported developing norms, rules, principles of responsible behaviour, and transparency and confidence-building measures to reduce mistrust, miscalculation and escalation. Views differed on emphasis, but many saw these measures as complementary to future legal commitments."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":1544.31,"end":1544.47},{"text":"must","start":1544.47,"end":1544.87},{"text":"work","start":1544.87,"end":1545.15},{"text":"to","start":1545.15,"end":1545.31},{"text":"strengthen","start":1545.35,"end":1545.95},{"text":"multilateral","start":1545.95,"end":1546.63},{"text":"cooperation","start":1546.63,"end":1547.43},{"text":"to","start":1547.43,"end":1547.55},{"text":"effectively","start":1547.55,"end":1548.23},{"text":"prevent","start":1548.23,"end":1548.87},{"text":"an","start":1549.31,"end":1549.55},{"text":"arms","start":1549.55,"end":1549.83},{"text":"race","start":1549.83,"end":1550.39},{"text":"in","start":1550.39,"end":1550.55},{"text":"outer","start":1550.55,"end":1550.87},{"text":"space","start":1550.87,"end":1551.47},{"text":"and","start":1551.47,"end":1551.75},{"text":"work","start":1551.75,"end":1552.11},{"text":"to","start":1552.11,"end":1552.27},{"text":"promote","start":1552.27,"end":1552.75},{"text":"transparency","start":1552.75,"end":1553.83},{"text":"and","start":1554.07,"end":1554.31},{"text":"build","start":1554.31,"end":1554.71},{"text":"confidence","start":1554.71,"end":1555.43},{"text":"through","start":1555.55,"end":1555.75},{"text":"meaningful","start":1555.75,"end":1556.51},{"text":"dialogue","start":1556.51,"end":1557.03},{"text":"and","start":1557.03,"end":1557.27},{"text":"multilateral","start":1557.27,"end":1558.15},{"text":"cooperation.","start":1558.15,"end":1559.19}]},{"text":"We must also make sure that benefit of specific technology contributes to peace, development and prosperity for all humanity.","start":1559.67,"end":1569.35,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":1559.67,"end":1559.87},{"text":"must","start":1559.87,"end":1560.23},{"text":"also","start":1560.23,"end":1560.79},{"text":"make","start":1560.79,"end":1561.19},{"text":"sure","start":1561.19,"end":1561.51},{"text":"that","start":1561.51,"end":1561.91},{"text":"benefit","start":1561.91,"end":1562.51},{"text":"of","start":1562.51,"end":1562.63},{"text":"specific","start":1562.63,"end":1563.19},{"text":"technology","start":1563.51,"end":1564.31},{"text":"contributes","start":1564.31,"end":1565.19},{"text":"to","start":1565.59,"end":1565.75},{"text":"peace,","start":1565.75,"end":1566.19},{"text":"development","start":1566.19,"end":1566.95},{"text":"and","start":1566.95,"end":1567.15},{"text":"prosperity","start":1567.15,"end":1567.83},{"text":"for","start":1567.83,"end":1568.15},{"text":"all","start":1568.15,"end":1568.47},{"text":"humanity.","start":1568.47,"end":1569.35}]},{"text":"Third, benefit of space exploration must be accessible and equally shared by all nations.","start":1569.87,"end":1577.43,"topics":[{"key":"equitable-space-access","label":"Equitable Access and Capacity Building","description":"Many delegations argued that all states, especially developing countries, should benefit from peaceful space activities on a non-discriminatory basis. 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The African group aligns itself with the statement delivered by Indonesia on behalf of the Non-Aligned Movement.","start":1666.87,"end":1673.27,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":1666.87,"end":1667.11},{"text":"you,","start":1667.11,"end":1667.19},{"text":"Mr.","start":1667.19,"end":1667.55},{"text":"Chair.","start":1667.55,"end":1667.75},{"text":"The","start":1668.39,"end":1668.51},{"text":"African","start":1668.51,"end":1668.87},{"text":"group","start":1668.87,"end":1669.11},{"text":"aligns","start":1669.11,"end":1669.39},{"text":"itself","start":1669.39,"end":1669.75},{"text":"with","start":1669.75,"end":1669.87},{"text":"the","start":1669.87,"end":1669.95},{"text":"statement","start":1669.95,"end":1670.39},{"text":"delivered","start":1670.39,"end":1670.75},{"text":"by","start":1670.75,"end":1670.83},{"text":"Indonesia","start":1670.83,"end":1671.63},{"text":"on","start":1671.63,"end":1671.75},{"text":"behalf","start":1671.75,"end":1671.99},{"text":"of","start":1671.99,"end":1672.15},{"text":"the","start":1672.15,"end":1672.27},{"text":"Non-Aligned","start":1672.27,"end":1672.79},{"text":"Movement.","start":1672.79,"end":1673.27}]},{"text":"The group statement, full statement, will be shared via e-statement.","start":1673.99,"end":1678.07,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1673.99,"end":1674.15},{"text":"group","start":1674.15,"end":1674.55},{"text":"statement,","start":1674.71,"end":1675.43},{"text":"full","start":1675.91,"end":1676.15},{"text":"statement,","start":1676.15,"end":1676.63},{"text":"will","start":1676.63,"end":1676.79},{"text":"be","start":1676.79,"end":1676.95},{"text":"shared","start":1676.95,"end":1677.27},{"text":"via","start":1677.27,"end":1677.43},{"text":"e-statement.","start":1677.43,"end":1678.07}]},{"text":"Mr. Chair, The outer space and other celestial bodies must continue to be regarded and safeguarded as a common heritage of humankind and must be used, explored and utilized for peaceful purposes for the benefit and interest of all member states irrespective of their social, economic or scientific development.","start":1678.95,"end":1699.47,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-paros","label":"Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space must remain a peaceful domain and warned against its weaponization or transformation into a theatre of conflict. 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They framed preventing an arms race in outer space as a core international security objective."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":1741.83,"end":1742.15},{"text":"Chair,","start":1742.15,"end":1742.39},{"text":"the","start":1742.79,"end":1743.03},{"text":"group","start":1743.03,"end":1743.23},{"text":"welcomes","start":1743.23,"end":1743.67},{"text":"the","start":1743.67,"end":1743.79},{"text":"General","start":1743.79,"end":1744.15},{"text":"Assembly's","start":1744.15,"end":1744.71},{"text":"resolution","start":1744.71,"end":1745.35},{"text":"80/19","start":1745.43,"end":1746.71},{"text":"on","start":1747.19,"end":1747.35},{"text":"prevention","start":1747.35,"end":1747.95},{"text":"of","start":1747.95,"end":1748.11},{"text":"an","start":1748.11,"end":1748.23},{"text":"arms","start":1748.23,"end":1748.47},{"text":"race","start":1748.47,"end":1748.79},{"text":"in","start":1749.43,"end":1749.63},{"text":"outer","start":1749.63,"end":1749.91},{"text":"space.","start":1749.91,"end":1750.39}]},{"text":"80/20 on non-first placement of weapons in outer space, and 80/21 on further practical measures for the prevention of an arms race in outer space.","start":1751.55,"end":1764.07,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-paros","label":"Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space must remain a peaceful domain and warned against its weaponization or transformation into a theatre of conflict. 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Views differed on emphasis, but many saw these measures as complementary to future legal commitments."},{"key":"outer-space-paros","label":"Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space must remain a peaceful domain and warned against its weaponization or transformation into a theatre of conflict. They framed preventing an arms race in outer space as a core international security objective."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":1777.35,"end":1777.43},{"text":"also","start":1777.43,"end":1777.91},{"text":"welcome","start":1778.07,"end":1778.63},{"text":"resolution","start":1778.63,"end":1779.27},{"text":"80/44","start":1779.27,"end":1780.55},{"text":"on","start":1780.83,"end":1780.95},{"text":"the","start":1780.95,"end":1781.11},{"text":"transparency","start":1781.11,"end":1781.91},{"text":"and","start":1781.91,"end":1782.07},{"text":"confidence-building","start":1782.07,"end":1782.91},{"text":"measures","start":1782.91,"end":1783.35},{"text":"in","start":1783.67,"end":1783.83},{"text":"outer","start":1783.83,"end":1784.07},{"text":"space","start":1784.07,"end":1784.39},{"text":"activities,","start":1784.39,"end":1785.11},{"text":"which","start":1785.67,"end":1785.91},{"text":"reaffirms","start":1785.91,"end":1786.63},{"text":"that","start":1786.95,"end":1787.27},{"text":"preventing","start":1787.27,"end":1788.47},{"text":"an","start":1788.47,"end":1788.63},{"text":"arms","start":1788.63,"end":1788.87},{"text":"race","start":1788.87,"end":1789.19},{"text":"in","start":1789.19,"end":1789.35},{"text":"outer","start":1789.35,"end":1789.55},{"text":"space","start":1789.55,"end":1789.99},{"text":"is","start":1790.23,"end":1790.47},{"text":"in","start":1790.47,"end":1790.59},{"text":"the","start":1790.59,"end":1790.67},{"text":"interest","start":1790.67,"end":1791.15},{"text":"of","start":1791.15,"end":1791.27},{"text":"maintaining","start":1791.27,"end":1791.79},{"text":"international","start":1791.79,"end":1792.39},{"text":"peace","start":1792.39,"end":1792.71},{"text":"and","start":1792.87,"end":1793.03},{"text":"security.","start":1793.03,"end":1793.67}]},{"text":"The African Group welcomes the establishment of a new consolidated open-ended working group on the prevention of arms race in outer space in all its aspects pursuant to the General Assembly resolution 79/512 as a way to avoid duplication in work and efforts.","start":1794.23,"end":1813.51,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-paros","label":"Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space must remain a peaceful domain and warned against its weaponization or transformation into a theatre of conflict. They framed preventing an arms race in outer space as a core international security objective."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1794.23,"end":1794.43},{"text":"African","start":1794.43,"end":1794.75},{"text":"Group","start":1794.75,"end":1794.99},{"text":"welcomes","start":1794.99,"end":1795.51},{"text":"the","start":1795.51,"end":1795.67},{"text":"establishment","start":1795.71,"end":1796.39},{"text":"of","start":1796.39,"end":1796.59},{"text":"a","start":1796.59,"end":1796.63},{"text":"new","start":1796.63,"end":1796.87},{"text":"consolidated","start":1796.87,"end":1797.67},{"text":"open-ended","start":1797.67,"end":1798.31},{"text":"working","start":1798.31,"end":1798.63},{"text":"group","start":1798.63,"end":1798.95},{"text":"on","start":1799.35,"end":1799.47},{"text":"the","start":1799.47,"end":1799.59},{"text":"prevention","start":1799.59,"end":1800.11},{"text":"of","start":1800.11,"end":1800.23},{"text":"arms","start":1800.23,"end":1800.47},{"text":"race","start":1800.47,"end":1800.87},{"text":"in","start":1801.19,"end":1801.51},{"text":"outer","start":1801.59,"end":1801.83},{"text":"space","start":1801.83,"end":1802.31},{"text":"in","start":1802.87,"end":1803.11},{"text":"all","start":1803.11,"end":1803.51},{"text":"its","start":1803.51,"end":1803.83},{"text":"aspects","start":1803.83,"end":1804.47},{"text":"pursuant","start":1804.47,"end":1805.07},{"text":"to","start":1805.07,"end":1805.15},{"text":"the","start":1805.19,"end":1805.31},{"text":"General","start":1805.31,"end":1805.63},{"text":"Assembly","start":1805.63,"end":1805.91},{"text":"resolution","start":1805.91,"end":1806.55},{"text":"79/512","start":1807.43,"end":1809.75},{"text":"as","start":1810.15,"end":1810.31},{"text":"a","start":1810.31,"end":1810.35},{"text":"way","start":1810.35,"end":1810.79},{"text":"to","start":1811.03,"end":1811.15},{"text":"avoid","start":1811.15,"end":1811.63},{"text":"duplication","start":1811.63,"end":1812.31},{"text":"in","start":1812.31,"end":1812.47},{"text":"work","start":1812.47,"end":1812.79},{"text":"and","start":1812.79,"end":1813.07},{"text":"efforts.","start":1813.07,"end":1813.51}]},{"text":"In this context, the groups unequivocally wishes to stress the urgent need for outer planet, including outer space, to be free of nuclear weapons, weapons of mass destruction, and indeed all kinds of weapons, as their presence constitute an existential threat to global peace and security, as well as the survival of humanity.","start":1813.75,"end":1835.83,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-paros","label":"Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space must remain a peaceful domain and warned against its weaponization or transformation into a theatre of conflict. 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Several speakers argued that voluntary measures cannot replace binding obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":1813.75,"end":1813.91},{"text":"this","start":1813.91,"end":1814.07},{"text":"context,","start":1814.07,"end":1814.63},{"text":"the","start":1814.87,"end":1815.03},{"text":"groups","start":1815.03,"end":1815.39},{"text":"unequivocally","start":1815.39,"end":1816.15},{"text":"wishes","start":1816.15,"end":1816.51},{"text":"to","start":1816.51,"end":1816.63},{"text":"stress","start":1816.63,"end":1817.03},{"text":"the","start":1817.03,"end":1817.15},{"text":"urgent","start":1817.19,"end":1817.67},{"text":"need","start":1817.67,"end":1817.99},{"text":"for","start":1818.31,"end":1818.55},{"text":"outer","start":1818.55,"end":1818.87},{"text":"planet,","start":1818.87,"end":1819.35},{"text":"including","start":1820.07,"end":1820.71},{"text":"outer","start":1820.79,"end":1821.11},{"text":"space,","start":1821.11,"end":1821.59},{"text":"to","start":1821.83,"end":1821.99},{"text":"be","start":1821.99,"end":1822.15},{"text":"free","start":1822.15,"end":1822.47},{"text":"of","start":1822.47,"end":1822.71},{"text":"nuclear","start":1822.71,"end":1823.07},{"text":"weapons,","start":1823.07,"end":1823.59},{"text":"weapons","start":1823.75,"end":1824.23},{"text":"of","start":1824.23,"end":1824.31},{"text":"mass","start":1824.31,"end":1824.51},{"text":"destruction,","start":1824.51,"end":1825.19},{"text":"and","start":1825.43,"end":1825.67},{"text":"indeed","start":1825.67,"end":1826.11},{"text":"all","start":1826.11,"end":1826.31},{"text":"kinds","start":1826.31,"end":1826.59},{"text":"of","start":1826.59,"end":1826.71},{"text":"weapons,","start":1826.71,"end":1827.19},{"text":"as","start":1827.91,"end":1828.23},{"text":"their","start":1829.11,"end":1829.39},{"text":"presence","start":1829.39,"end":1829.83},{"text":"constitute","start":1829.83,"end":1830.47},{"text":"an","start":1830.83,"end":1831.03},{"text":"existential","start":1831.15,"end":1831.83},{"text":"threat","start":1831.83,"end":1832.19},{"text":"to","start":1832.19,"end":1832.27},{"text":"global","start":1832.27,"end":1832.63},{"text":"peace","start":1832.63,"end":1832.87},{"text":"and","start":1832.87,"end":1833.03},{"text":"security,","start":1833.03,"end":1833.59},{"text":"as","start":1833.83,"end":1834.07},{"text":"well","start":1834.07,"end":1834.31},{"text":"as","start":1834.31,"end":1834.47},{"text":"the","start":1834.47,"end":1834.55},{"text":"survival","start":1834.55,"end":1835.15},{"text":"of","start":1835.15,"end":1835.23},{"text":"humanity.","start":1835.23,"end":1835.83}]},{"text":"The African Group expresses concern that the uncontrolled use of satellites in low Earth orbit, including large-scale satellite constellations, poses significant challenges to outer space security and efforts to preserve it.","start":1836.87,"end":1852.39,"topics":[{"key":"space-sustainability","label":"Space Sustainability and Debris","description":"Long-term sustainability of the space environment emerged as a recurring concern, especially regarding debris, large satellite constellations, uncontrolled re-entries and space traffic. Speakers warned that harmful activities in orbit could make parts of space unusable for future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1836.87,"end":1836.91},{"text":"African","start":1836.91,"end":1837.23},{"text":"Group","start":1837.23,"end":1837.43},{"text":"expresses","start":1837.43,"end":1837.91},{"text":"concern","start":1837.91,"end":1838.55},{"text":"that","start":1839.35,"end":1839.55},{"text":"the","start":1839.55,"end":1839.63},{"text":"uncontrolled","start":1839.63,"end":1840.23},{"text":"use","start":1840.23,"end":1840.47},{"text":"of","start":1840.47,"end":1840.71},{"text":"satellites","start":1840.71,"end":1841.35},{"text":"in","start":1841.67,"end":1841.91},{"text":"low","start":1841.91,"end":1842.15},{"text":"Earth","start":1842.79,"end":1843.03},{"text":"orbit,","start":1843.03,"end":1843.51},{"text":"including","start":1843.83,"end":1844.31},{"text":"large-scale","start":1844.31,"end":1844.87},{"text":"satellite","start":1844.87,"end":1845.27},{"text":"constellations,","start":1845.27,"end":1846.15},{"text":"poses","start":1846.47,"end":1846.83},{"text":"significant","start":1846.83,"end":1847.39},{"text":"challenges","start":1847.39,"end":1847.83},{"text":"to","start":1847.83,"end":1847.99},{"text":"outer","start":1847.99,"end":1848.23},{"text":"space","start":1848.23,"end":1848.63},{"text":"security","start":1849.03,"end":1849.75},{"text":"and","start":1849.75,"end":1850.07},{"text":"efforts","start":1850.47,"end":1851.03},{"text":"to","start":1851.35,"end":1851.43},{"text":"preserve","start":1851.43,"end":1852.19},{"text":"it.","start":1852.31,"end":1852.39}]},{"text":"The Group underscores the urgent need to address the implications of such systems for the security and long-term sustainability of outer space activities.","start":1852.47,"end":1863.27,"topics":[{"key":"space-sustainability","label":"Space Sustainability and Debris","description":"Long-term sustainability of the space environment emerged as a recurring concern, especially regarding debris, large satellite constellations, uncontrolled re-entries and space traffic. Speakers warned that harmful activities in orbit could make parts of space unusable for future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1852.47,"end":1852.67},{"text":"Group","start":1852.67,"end":1853.03},{"text":"underscores","start":1853.03,"end":1853.83},{"text":"the","start":1854.07,"end":1854.27},{"text":"urgent","start":1854.39,"end":1854.87},{"text":"need","start":1854.87,"end":1855.19},{"text":"to","start":1855.67,"end":1855.79},{"text":"address","start":1855.83,"end":1856.47},{"text":"the","start":1856.79,"end":1856.91},{"text":"implications","start":1856.91,"end":1857.67},{"text":"of","start":1857.67,"end":1857.75},{"text":"such","start":1857.75,"end":1858.07},{"text":"systems","start":1858.07,"end":1858.71},{"text":"for","start":1858.87,"end":1859.11},{"text":"the","start":1859.11,"end":1859.19},{"text":"security","start":1859.19,"end":1859.87},{"text":"and","start":1859.87,"end":1860.11},{"text":"long-term","start":1860.11,"end":1860.63},{"text":"sustainability","start":1860.63,"end":1861.59},{"text":"of","start":1861.83,"end":1861.99},{"text":"outer","start":1861.99,"end":1862.23},{"text":"space","start":1862.23,"end":1862.63},{"text":"activities.","start":1862.63,"end":1863.27}]},{"text":"I thank you, Mr. Chair.","start":1863.51,"end":1864.47,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":1863.51,"end":1863.67},{"text":"thank","start":1863.67,"end":1863.87},{"text":"you,","start":1863.87,"end":1863.95},{"text":"Mr.","start":1863.95,"end":1864.23},{"text":"Chair.","start":1864.23,"end":1864.47}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"NAM","group":"Africa Group","function":"Permanent Representative","affiliation_full":"Namibia"}},{"statement_number":17,"start":1866.87,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c1/81/15?lang=en&t=31:07","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished permanent representative of Namibia speaking on behalf of the African group.","start":1866.87,"end":1872.39,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":1866.87,"end":1867.11},{"text":"thank","start":1867.11,"end":1867.43},{"text":"the","start":1867.43,"end":1867.55},{"text":"distinguished","start":1867.55,"end":1868.07},{"text":"permanent","start":1868.07,"end":1868.47},{"text":"representative","start":1868.47,"end":1869.27},{"text":"of","start":1869.27,"end":1869.43},{"text":"Namibia","start":1869.43,"end":1870.07},{"text":"speaking","start":1870.07,"end":1870.67},{"text":"on","start":1870.67,"end":1870.79},{"text":"behalf","start":1870.79,"end":1871.19},{"text":"of","start":1871.19,"end":1871.27},{"text":"the","start":1871.27,"end":1871.51},{"text":"African","start":1871.71,"end":1872.07},{"text":"group.","start":1872.07,"end":1872.39}]},{"text":"Now I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Egypt.","start":1872.39,"end":1875.99,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Now","start":1872.39,"end":1872.63},{"text":"I","start":1872.63,"end":1872.87},{"text":"give","start":1872.87,"end":1873.11},{"text":"the","start":1873.11,"end":1873.19},{"text":"floor","start":1873.19,"end":1873.43},{"text":"to","start":1873.43,"end":1873.55},{"text":"the","start":1873.55,"end":1873.67},{"text":"distinguished","start":1873.67,"end":1874.15},{"text":"representative","start":1874.15,"end":1874.87},{"text":"of","start":1875.27,"end":1875.43},{"text":"Egypt.","start":1875.51,"end":1875.99}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"1st Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair","affiliation_full":"1st Committee"}},{"statement_number":18,"start":1879.51,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c1/81/15?lang=en&t=31:20","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thanks, Chairperson.","start":1879.51,"end":1880.63,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thanks,","start":1879.51,"end":1879.75},{"text":"Chairperson.","start":1879.99,"end":1880.63}]},{"text":"Egypt wishes to highlight the following five points.","start":1881.91,"end":1884.23,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Egypt","start":1881.91,"end":1882.23},{"text":"wishes","start":1882.23,"end":1882.51},{"text":"to","start":1882.51,"end":1882.63},{"text":"highlight","start":1882.63,"end":1883.03},{"text":"the","start":1883.03,"end":1883.11},{"text":"following","start":1883.11,"end":1883.51},{"text":"five","start":1883.51,"end":1883.79},{"text":"points.","start":1883.79,"end":1884.23}]},{"text":"First, the centrality of the 1967 Outer Space Treaty and the imperative that its state parties carry on activities in the exploration and use of outer space in accordance with international law, including the Charter of the United Nations, in the interest of maintaining international peace and security, and including through refraining from installing weapons in outer space, regardless of their nature and purpose.","start":1884.87,"end":1909.63,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-law","label":"International Law and the Outer Space Treaty","description":"Delegations repeatedly referred to the 1967 Outer Space Treaty, the UN Charter, and in some cases international humanitarian law, as the foundation of space governance. Speakers emphasized compliance with existing law while some also called for the legal framework to be updated or strengthened."},{"key":"outer-space-paros","label":"Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space must remain a peaceful domain and warned against its weaponization or transformation into a theatre of conflict. They framed preventing an arms race in outer space as a core international security objective."},{"key":"binding-space-instrument","label":"Legally Binding Space Security Instrument","description":"A major theme was the call for negotiations on a universal, multilaterally negotiated and verifiable legal instrument to prohibit weapons in outer space and attacks against space objects. Several speakers argued that voluntary measures cannot replace binding obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"First,","start":1884.87,"end":1885.35},{"text":"the","start":1886.07,"end":1886.19},{"text":"centrality","start":1886.19,"end":1886.79},{"text":"of","start":1886.79,"end":1886.87},{"text":"the","start":1886.87,"end":1886.95},{"text":"1967","start":1886.95,"end":1887.99},{"text":"Outer","start":1887.99,"end":1888.27},{"text":"Space","start":1888.27,"end":1888.55},{"text":"Treaty","start":1888.55,"end":1889.03},{"text":"and","start":1889.35,"end":1889.55},{"text":"the","start":1889.55,"end":1889.63},{"text":"imperative","start":1889.63,"end":1890.15},{"text":"that","start":1890.15,"end":1890.27},{"text":"its","start":1890.27,"end":1890.43},{"text":"state","start":1890.43,"end":1890.67},{"text":"parties","start":1890.67,"end":1891.19},{"text":"carry","start":1891.79,"end":1892.03},{"text":"on","start":1892.03,"end":1892.15},{"text":"activities","start":1892.15,"end":1892.59},{"text":"in","start":1892.59,"end":1892.71},{"text":"the","start":1892.71,"end":1892.79},{"text":"exploration","start":1892.79,"end":1893.43},{"text":"and","start":1893.43,"end":1893.55},{"text":"use","start":1893.55,"end":1893.67},{"text":"of","start":1893.67,"end":1893.87},{"text":"outer","start":1893.87,"end":1894.11},{"text":"space","start":1894.11,"end":1894.59},{"text":"in","start":1895.07,"end":1895.23},{"text":"accordance","start":1895.23,"end":1895.79},{"text":"with","start":1895.79,"end":1895.95},{"text":"international","start":1895.95,"end":1896.79},{"text":"law,","start":1896.79,"end":1896.87},{"text":"including","start":1897.15,"end":1897.63},{"text":"the","start":1897.63,"end":1897.71},{"text":"Charter","start":1897.71,"end":1898.27},{"text":"of","start":1898.43,"end":1898.51},{"text":"the","start":1898.51,"end":1898.59},{"text":"United","start":1898.59,"end":1898.95},{"text":"Nations,","start":1898.95,"end":1899.39},{"text":"in","start":1899.87,"end":1899.99},{"text":"the","start":1899.99,"end":1900.07},{"text":"interest","start":1900.07,"end":1900.47},{"text":"of","start":1900.47,"end":1900.59},{"text":"maintaining","start":1900.59,"end":1901.15},{"text":"international","start":1901.15,"end":1901.71},{"text":"peace","start":1901.71,"end":1901.87},{"text":"and","start":1901.87,"end":1901.99},{"text":"security,","start":1901.99,"end":1902.59},{"text":"and","start":1903.07,"end":1903.19},{"text":"including","start":1903.19,"end":1903.63},{"text":"through","start":1903.63,"end":1903.95},{"text":"refraining","start":1904.55,"end":1905.03},{"text":"from","start":1905.03,"end":1905.19},{"text":"installing","start":1905.19,"end":1905.63},{"text":"weapons","start":1905.63,"end":1906.19},{"text":"in","start":1906.35,"end":1906.51},{"text":"outer","start":1906.51,"end":1906.83},{"text":"space,","start":1906.83,"end":1907.23},{"text":"regardless","start":1907.63,"end":1908.23},{"text":"of","start":1908.23,"end":1908.35},{"text":"their","start":1908.35,"end":1908.47},{"text":"nature","start":1908.47,"end":1908.91},{"text":"and","start":1908.91,"end":1909.15},{"text":"purpose.","start":1909.15,"end":1909.63}]},{"text":"Outer space should remain a platform exclusively used for peaceful purposes and for the benefit of all humanity.","start":1910.59,"end":1916.91,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-paros","label":"Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space must remain a peaceful domain and warned against its weaponization or transformation into a theatre of conflict. They framed preventing an arms race in outer space as a core international security objective."}],"words":[{"text":"Outer","start":1910.59,"end":1910.87},{"text":"space","start":1910.87,"end":1911.31},{"text":"should","start":1911.63,"end":1911.95},{"text":"remain","start":1911.95,"end":1912.35},{"text":"a","start":1912.35,"end":1912.39},{"text":"platform","start":1912.39,"end":1912.91},{"text":"exclusively","start":1913.15,"end":1913.79},{"text":"used","start":1913.79,"end":1914.07},{"text":"for","start":1914.07,"end":1914.19},{"text":"peaceful","start":1914.19,"end":1914.55},{"text":"purposes","start":1914.55,"end":1915.07},{"text":"and","start":1915.35,"end":1915.51},{"text":"for","start":1915.51,"end":1915.63},{"text":"the","start":1915.63,"end":1915.75},{"text":"benefit","start":1915.75,"end":1916.07},{"text":"of","start":1916.07,"end":1916.19},{"text":"all","start":1916.19,"end":1916.35},{"text":"humanity.","start":1916.35,"end":1916.91}]},{"text":"Second, the need for reviewing our international legal framework in outer space to cope with the development over the past four decades, particularly speaking and without prejudice to the value of TCBMs and the set of norms and principles for responsible state behavior.","start":1918.03,"end":1932.59,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-law","label":"International Law and the Outer Space Treaty","description":"Delegations repeatedly referred to the 1967 Outer Space Treaty, the UN Charter, and in some cases international humanitarian law, as the foundation of space governance. Speakers emphasized compliance with existing law while some also called for the legal framework to be updated or strengthened."},{"key":"responsible-behavior-norms","label":"Norms, Rules and Confidence-Building Measures","description":"Numerous statements supported developing norms, rules, principles of responsible behaviour, and transparency and confidence-building measures to reduce mistrust, miscalculation and escalation. Views differed on emphasis, but many saw these measures as complementary to future legal commitments."}],"words":[{"text":"Second,","start":1918.03,"end":1918.59},{"text":"the","start":1919.35,"end":1919.39},{"text":"need","start":1919.39,"end":1919.59},{"text":"for","start":1919.59,"end":1919.71},{"text":"reviewing","start":1919.71,"end":1920.15},{"text":"our","start":1920.15,"end":1920.27},{"text":"international","start":1920.27,"end":1920.95},{"text":"legal","start":1920.95,"end":1921.23},{"text":"framework","start":1921.23,"end":1921.71},{"text":"in","start":1921.71,"end":1921.79},{"text":"outer","start":1921.79,"end":1922.03},{"text":"space","start":1922.03,"end":1922.51},{"text":"to","start":1922.91,"end":1922.99},{"text":"cope","start":1922.99,"end":1923.27},{"text":"with","start":1923.27,"end":1923.39},{"text":"the","start":1923.39,"end":1923.47},{"text":"development","start":1923.47,"end":1924.03},{"text":"over","start":1924.03,"end":1924.23},{"text":"the","start":1924.23,"end":1924.35},{"text":"past","start":1924.35,"end":1924.59},{"text":"four","start":1924.59,"end":1924.87},{"text":"decades,","start":1924.87,"end":1925.47},{"text":"particularly","start":1925.91,"end":1926.51},{"text":"speaking","start":1926.51,"end":1926.99},{"text":"and","start":1927.07,"end":1927.23},{"text":"without","start":1927.23,"end":1927.51},{"text":"prejudice","start":1927.51,"end":1927.95},{"text":"to","start":1927.95,"end":1928.03},{"text":"the","start":1928.03,"end":1928.15},{"text":"value","start":1928.15,"end":1928.47},{"text":"of","start":1928.47,"end":1928.59},{"text":"TCBMs","start":1928.59,"end":1929.31},{"text":"and","start":1929.71,"end":1929.83},{"text":"the","start":1929.83,"end":1929.95},{"text":"set","start":1929.95,"end":1930.07},{"text":"of","start":1930.07,"end":1930.23},{"text":"norms","start":1930.23,"end":1930.55},{"text":"and","start":1930.55,"end":1930.67},{"text":"principles","start":1930.67,"end":1931.19},{"text":"for","start":1931.19,"end":1931.31},{"text":"responsible","start":1931.31,"end":1931.87},{"text":"state","start":1931.87,"end":1932.07},{"text":"behavior.","start":1932.07,"end":1932.59}]},{"text":"As an interim measure in this regard, there is a need for convening a discussion on the possibility of formulating legally binding measures and a legally binding instrument in this regard, particularly on the prevention of arms race in outer.","start":1933.15,"end":1945.27,"topics":[{"key":"binding-space-instrument","label":"Legally Binding Space Security Instrument","description":"A major theme was the call for negotiations on a universal, multilaterally negotiated and verifiable legal instrument to prohibit weapons in outer space and attacks against space objects. Several speakers argued that voluntary measures cannot replace binding obligations."},{"key":"outer-space-paros","label":"Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space must remain a peaceful domain and warned against its weaponization or transformation into a theatre of conflict. They framed preventing an arms race in outer space as a core international security objective."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":1933.15,"end":1933.31},{"text":"an","start":1933.31,"end":1933.39},{"text":"interim","start":1933.39,"end":1933.83},{"text":"measure","start":1933.83,"end":1934.07},{"text":"in","start":1934.07,"end":1934.15},{"text":"this","start":1934.15,"end":1934.35},{"text":"regard,","start":1934.35,"end":1934.75},{"text":"there","start":1935.15,"end":1935.31},{"text":"is","start":1935.31,"end":1935.43},{"text":"a","start":1935.43,"end":1935.47},{"text":"need","start":1935.47,"end":1935.87},{"text":"for","start":1936.03,"end":1936.23},{"text":"convening","start":1936.23,"end":1936.67},{"text":"a","start":1936.67,"end":1936.71},{"text":"discussion","start":1936.71,"end":1937.31},{"text":"on","start":1937.55,"end":1937.71},{"text":"the","start":1937.71,"end":1937.79},{"text":"possibility","start":1937.79,"end":1938.43},{"text":"of","start":1938.43,"end":1938.51},{"text":"formulating","start":1938.51,"end":1939.15},{"text":"legally","start":1939.15,"end":1939.47},{"text":"binding","start":1939.47,"end":1939.79},{"text":"measures","start":1939.79,"end":1940.35},{"text":"and","start":1940.43,"end":1940.63},{"text":"a","start":1940.63,"end":1940.67},{"text":"legally","start":1940.67,"end":1940.99},{"text":"binding","start":1940.99,"end":1941.23},{"text":"instrument","start":1941.23,"end":1941.75},{"text":"in","start":1941.75,"end":1941.83},{"text":"this","start":1941.83,"end":1942.03},{"text":"regard,","start":1942.03,"end":1942.43},{"text":"particularly","start":1942.75,"end":1943.47},{"text":"on","start":1943.63,"end":1943.75},{"text":"the","start":1943.75,"end":1943.83},{"text":"prevention","start":1943.83,"end":1944.35},{"text":"of","start":1944.35,"end":1944.43},{"text":"arms","start":1944.43,"end":1944.67},{"text":"race","start":1944.67,"end":1944.87},{"text":"in","start":1944.87,"end":1944.99},{"text":"outer.","start":1944.99,"end":1945.27}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"Space from all its aspects.","start":1945.27,"end":1946.59,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Space","start":1945.27,"end":1945.59},{"text":"from","start":1945.59,"end":1945.79},{"text":"all","start":1945.79,"end":1945.91},{"text":"its","start":1945.91,"end":1946.11},{"text":"aspects.","start":1946.11,"end":1946.59}]},{"text":"Third.","start":1948.19,"end":1948.59,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Third.","start":1948.19,"end":1948.59}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"The importance of putting more emphasis on the promotion and strengthening of international cooperation and the exploration and use of outer space for peaceful purposes.","start":1949.43,"end":1958.23,"topics":[{"key":"equitable-space-access","label":"Equitable Access and Capacity Building","description":"Many delegations argued that all states, especially developing countries, should benefit from peaceful space activities on a non-discriminatory basis. They called for stronger international cooperation, technology transfer, training, data sharing and capacity building."},{"key":"outer-space-paros","label":"Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space must remain a peaceful domain and warned against its weaponization or transformation into a theatre of conflict. They framed preventing an arms race in outer space as a core international security objective."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1949.43,"end":1949.55},{"text":"importance","start":1949.55,"end":1950.07},{"text":"of","start":1950.07,"end":1950.15},{"text":"putting","start":1950.15,"end":1950.47},{"text":"more","start":1950.47,"end":1950.63},{"text":"emphasis","start":1950.63,"end":1951.27},{"text":"on","start":1951.51,"end":1951.59},{"text":"the","start":1951.59,"end":1951.71},{"text":"promotion","start":1951.71,"end":1952.31},{"text":"and","start":1952.55,"end":1952.83},{"text":"strengthening","start":1952.83,"end":1953.43},{"text":"of","start":1953.47,"end":1953.59},{"text":"international","start":1953.59,"end":1954.23},{"text":"cooperation","start":1954.23,"end":1954.95},{"text":"and","start":1955.27,"end":1955.47},{"text":"the","start":1955.47,"end":1955.55},{"text":"exploration","start":1955.55,"end":1956.11},{"text":"and","start":1956.11,"end":1956.23},{"text":"use","start":1956.23,"end":1956.35},{"text":"of","start":1956.35,"end":1956.55},{"text":"outer","start":1956.55,"end":1956.87},{"text":"space","start":1956.87,"end":1957.19},{"text":"for","start":1957.19,"end":1957.35},{"text":"peaceful","start":1957.35,"end":1957.75},{"text":"purposes.","start":1957.75,"end":1958.23}]},{"text":"Take into account the needs of developing countries and with the aim of bridging the digital divide, including through technology transfer and capacity building.","start":1959.35,"end":1968.79,"topics":[{"key":"equitable-space-access","label":"Equitable Access and Capacity Building","description":"Many delegations argued that all states, especially developing countries, should benefit from peaceful space activities on a non-discriminatory basis. They called for stronger international cooperation, technology transfer, training, data sharing and capacity building."}],"words":[{"text":"Take","start":1959.35,"end":1959.55},{"text":"into","start":1959.55,"end":1959.79},{"text":"account","start":1959.79,"end":1960.39},{"text":"the","start":1960.63,"end":1960.75},{"text":"needs","start":1960.75,"end":1961.07},{"text":"of","start":1961.07,"end":1961.15},{"text":"developing","start":1961.15,"end":1961.59},{"text":"countries","start":1961.59,"end":1962.15},{"text":"and","start":1962.67,"end":1962.79},{"text":"with","start":1962.79,"end":1962.91},{"text":"the","start":1962.91,"end":1962.99},{"text":"aim","start":1963.03,"end":1963.43},{"text":"of","start":1963.55,"end":1963.75},{"text":"bridging","start":1963.75,"end":1964.07},{"text":"the","start":1964.07,"end":1964.19},{"text":"digital","start":1964.19,"end":1964.51},{"text":"divide,","start":1964.51,"end":1964.95},{"text":"including","start":1965.39,"end":1965.87},{"text":"through","start":1965.87,"end":1966.15},{"text":"technology","start":1966.47,"end":1967.03},{"text":"transfer","start":1967.03,"end":1967.59},{"text":"and","start":1967.83,"end":1967.99},{"text":"capacity","start":1967.99,"end":1968.43},{"text":"building.","start":1968.43,"end":1968.79}]},{"text":"Fourth, Egypt supports continuing the discussions within the newly consolidated working group establish in accordance with resolution 79/512 and in line with its agreed agenda and indicative timetable for the period 2025-2028, including through building upon the report of the GGE contained in the document A/79/364.","start":1971.75,"end":1996.63,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Fourth,","start":1971.75,"end":1972.23},{"text":"Egypt","start":1973.03,"end":1973.35},{"text":"supports","start":1973.35,"end":1973.99},{"text":"continuing","start":1974.07,"end":1974.71},{"text":"the","start":1974.71,"end":1974.79},{"text":"discussions","start":1974.79,"end":1975.43},{"text":"within","start":1975.43,"end":1975.71},{"text":"the","start":1975.71,"end":1975.79},{"text":"newly","start":1975.79,"end":1976.07},{"text":"consolidated","start":1976.07,"end":1976.79},{"text":"working","start":1976.79,"end":1977.11},{"text":"group","start":1977.11,"end":1977.35},{"text":"establish","start":1977.87,"end":1978.31},{"text":"in","start":1978.31,"end":1978.39},{"text":"accordance","start":1978.39,"end":1978.87},{"text":"with","start":1978.87,"end":1979.03},{"text":"resolution","start":1979.03,"end":1979.59},{"text":"79/512","start":1979.59,"end":1981.83},{"text":"and","start":1981.83,"end":1982.07},{"text":"in","start":1982.99,"end":1983.19},{"text":"line","start":1983.19,"end":1983.51},{"text":"with","start":1983.51,"end":1983.63},{"text":"its","start":1983.63,"end":1983.75},{"text":"agreed","start":1983.75,"end":1984.11},{"text":"agenda","start":1984.11,"end":1984.55},{"text":"and","start":1984.87,"end":1985.03},{"text":"indicative","start":1985.03,"end":1985.51},{"text":"timetable","start":1985.51,"end":1986.07},{"text":"for","start":1986.07,"end":1986.23},{"text":"the","start":1986.23,"end":1986.31},{"text":"period","start":1986.31,"end":1986.63},{"text":"2025-2028,","start":1986.63,"end":1988.39},{"text":"including","start":1989.11,"end":1989.55},{"text":"through","start":1989.55,"end":1989.75},{"text":"building","start":1989.75,"end":1990.39},{"text":"upon","start":1990.39,"end":1990.79},{"text":"the","start":1991.11,"end":1991.27},{"text":"report","start":1991.27,"end":1991.63},{"text":"of","start":1991.63,"end":1991.75},{"text":"the","start":1991.75,"end":1991.83},{"text":"GGE","start":1991.83,"end":1992.47},{"text":"contained","start":1992.55,"end":1992.99},{"text":"in","start":1992.99,"end":1993.07},{"text":"the","start":1993.07,"end":1993.15},{"text":"document","start":1993.15,"end":1993.83},{"text":"A/79/364.","start":1994.07,"end":1996.63}]},{"text":"Fifth and finally, Egypt has once more, with Sri Lanka, tabled the traditional joint annual omnibus draft resolution entitled prevention of an arms race in outer space.","start":1998.55,"end":2009.07,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-paros","label":"Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space must remain a peaceful domain and warned against its weaponization or transformation into a theatre of conflict. They framed preventing an arms race in outer space as a core international security objective."}],"words":[{"text":"Fifth","start":1998.55,"end":1998.87},{"text":"and","start":1999.07,"end":1999.19},{"text":"finally,","start":1999.19,"end":1999.75},{"text":"Egypt","start":2000.39,"end":2000.83},{"text":"has","start":2000.83,"end":2000.99},{"text":"once","start":2000.99,"end":2001.27},{"text":"more,","start":2001.27,"end":2001.59},{"text":"with","start":2001.67,"end":2001.79},{"text":"Sri","start":2001.79,"end":2002.03},{"text":"Lanka,","start":2002.03,"end":2002.47},{"text":"tabled","start":2002.79,"end":2003.15},{"text":"the","start":2003.15,"end":2003.23},{"text":"traditional","start":2003.23,"end":2003.75},{"text":"joint","start":2003.75,"end":2004.07},{"text":"annual","start":2004.07,"end":2004.55},{"text":"omnibus","start":2004.55,"end":2004.99},{"text":"draft","start":2004.99,"end":2005.31},{"text":"resolution","start":2005.31,"end":2005.79},{"text":"entitled","start":2005.79,"end":2006.39},{"text":"prevention","start":2007.11,"end":2007.55},{"text":"of","start":2007.55,"end":2007.63},{"text":"an","start":2007.63,"end":2007.71},{"text":"arms","start":2007.71,"end":2007.95},{"text":"race","start":2007.95,"end":2008.15},{"text":"in","start":2008.15,"end":2008.35},{"text":"outer","start":2008.35,"end":2008.59},{"text":"space.","start":2008.59,"end":2009.07}]},{"text":"And we look forward to the support and the co-sponsorship of member states to this draft resolution.","start":2009.39,"end":2014.27,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":2009.39,"end":2009.55},{"text":"we","start":2009.55,"end":2009.67},{"text":"look","start":2009.67,"end":2009.79},{"text":"forward","start":2009.79,"end":2010.23},{"text":"to","start":2010.23,"end":2010.31},{"text":"the","start":2010.31,"end":2010.39},{"text":"support","start":2010.39,"end":2010.83},{"text":"and","start":2010.83,"end":2010.95},{"text":"the","start":2010.99,"end":2011.07},{"text":"co-sponsorship","start":2011.11,"end":2012.19},{"text":"of","start":2012.43,"end":2012.51},{"text":"member","start":2012.51,"end":2012.83},{"text":"states","start":2012.83,"end":2013.19},{"text":"to","start":2013.19,"end":2013.27},{"text":"this","start":2013.27,"end":2013.47},{"text":"draft","start":2013.47,"end":2013.75},{"text":"resolution.","start":2013.75,"end":2014.27}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Chair.","start":2014.59,"end":2015.15,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":2014.59,"end":2014.83},{"text":"you,","start":2014.83,"end":2014.91},{"text":"Chair.","start":2014.91,"end":2015.15}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"EGY","group":null,"function":null,"affiliation_full":"Egypt"}},{"statement_number":19,"start":2017.39,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c1/81/15?lang=en&t=33:38","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of Egypt.","start":2017.39,"end":2019.79,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":2017.39,"end":2017.55},{"text":"thank","start":2017.63,"end":2018.03},{"text":"the","start":2018.03,"end":2018.15},{"text":"distinguished","start":2018.15,"end":2018.75},{"text":"representative","start":2018.91,"end":2019.43},{"text":"of","start":2019.43,"end":2019.51},{"text":"Egypt.","start":2019.51,"end":2019.79}]},{"text":"Now I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Costa Rica.","start":2019.79,"end":2024.11,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Now","start":2019.79,"end":2020.03},{"text":"I","start":2020.11,"end":2020.35},{"text":"give","start":2020.35,"end":2020.67},{"text":"the","start":2020.67,"end":2020.83},{"text":"floor","start":2020.83,"end":2021.15},{"text":"to","start":2021.15,"end":2021.31},{"text":"the","start":2021.31,"end":2021.55},{"text":"distinguished","start":2021.55,"end":2022.11},{"text":"representative","start":2022.11,"end":2022.99},{"text":"of","start":2022.99,"end":2023.31},{"text":"Costa","start":2023.31,"end":2023.67},{"text":"Rica.","start":2023.71,"end":2024.11}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"1st Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair","affiliation_full":"1st Committee"}},{"statement_number":20,"start":2030.93,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c1/81/15?lang=en&t=33:51","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Gracias, senor.","start":2030.93,"end":2031.57,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Gracias,","start":2030.93,"end":2031.37},{"text":"senor.","start":2031.37,"end":2031.57}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Mr. President.","start":2032.13,"end":2033.81,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":2032.13,"end":2032.53},{"text":"you,","start":2032.53,"end":2032.77},{"text":"Mr.","start":2033.05,"end":2033.37},{"text":"President.","start":2033.37,"end":2033.81}]},{"text":"Our growing reliance on space technologies compels us to ask an essential question.","start":2034.93,"end":2040.79,"topics":[{"key":"civilian-space-services","label":"Protection of Civilian Space Services","description":"A number of delegations emphasized that societies depend on satellites for communications, navigation, disaster response, banking, climate monitoring and other essential services. They therefore called for stronger protection of civilian and humanitarian space systems from disruption or attack."}],"words":[{"text":"Our","start":2034.93,"end":2035.09},{"text":"growing","start":2035.09,"end":2035.49},{"text":"reliance","start":2035.49,"end":2036.17},{"text":"on","start":2036.17,"end":2036.37},{"text":"space","start":2036.37,"end":2036.77},{"text":"technologies","start":2036.77,"end":2037.97},{"text":"compels","start":2038.47,"end":2039.03},{"text":"us","start":2039.03,"end":2039.19},{"text":"to","start":2039.19,"end":2039.31},{"text":"ask","start":2039.31,"end":2039.75},{"text":"an","start":2039.75,"end":2039.83},{"text":"essential","start":2039.83,"end":2040.31},{"text":"question.","start":2040.31,"end":2040.79}]},{"text":"Do we want outer space to mirror the confrontations seen on Earth, or should it remain a realm of cooperation for all of humanity?","start":2040.79,"end":2049.51,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-paros","label":"Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space must remain a peaceful domain and warned against its weaponization or transformation into a theatre of conflict. They framed preventing an arms race in outer space as a core international security objective."}],"words":[{"text":"Do","start":2040.79,"end":2040.95},{"text":"we","start":2040.95,"end":2041.11},{"text":"want","start":2041.11,"end":2041.51},{"text":"outer","start":2041.51,"end":2041.83},{"text":"space","start":2041.83,"end":2042.39},{"text":"to","start":2042.87,"end":2042.99},{"text":"mirror","start":2042.99,"end":2043.43},{"text":"the","start":2043.43,"end":2043.51},{"text":"confrontations","start":2043.51,"end":2044.47},{"text":"seen","start":2044.47,"end":2044.79},{"text":"on","start":2044.79,"end":2045.03},{"text":"Earth,","start":2045.03,"end":2045.35},{"text":"or","start":2045.91,"end":2046.07},{"text":"should","start":2046.07,"end":2046.23},{"text":"it","start":2046.23,"end":2046.31},{"text":"remain","start":2046.31,"end":2046.99},{"text":"a","start":2046.99,"end":2047.03},{"text":"realm","start":2047.03,"end":2047.43},{"text":"of","start":2047.43,"end":2047.51},{"text":"cooperation","start":2047.51,"end":2048.47},{"text":"for","start":2048.47,"end":2048.59},{"text":"all","start":2048.59,"end":2048.67},{"text":"of","start":2048.67,"end":2048.79},{"text":"humanity?","start":2048.79,"end":2049.51}]},{"text":"To address this, Costa Rica offers the following reflections.","start":2050.39,"end":2053.43,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"To","start":2050.39,"end":2050.51},{"text":"address","start":2050.51,"end":2050.95},{"text":"this,","start":2050.95,"end":2051.27},{"text":"Costa","start":2051.27,"end":2051.63},{"text":"Rica","start":2051.63,"end":2051.91},{"text":"offers","start":2051.91,"end":2052.27},{"text":"the","start":2052.27,"end":2052.35},{"text":"following","start":2052.35,"end":2052.71},{"text":"reflections.","start":2052.71,"end":2053.43}]},{"text":"First, we must preserve space for peaceful, safe, and sustainable purposes.","start":2054.39,"end":2059.99,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-paros","label":"Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space must remain a peaceful domain and warned against its weaponization or transformation into a theatre of conflict. 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Speakers warned that harmful activities in orbit could make parts of space unusable for future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"First,","start":2054.39,"end":2054.71},{"text":"we","start":2054.87,"end":2055.11},{"text":"must","start":2055.11,"end":2055.43},{"text":"preserve","start":2055.43,"end":2055.99},{"text":"space","start":2055.99,"end":2056.55},{"text":"for","start":2056.55,"end":2056.71},{"text":"peaceful,","start":2056.71,"end":2057.35},{"text":"safe,","start":2057.51,"end":2058.07},{"text":"and","start":2058.47,"end":2058.67},{"text":"sustainable","start":2058.67,"end":2059.23},{"text":"purposes.","start":2059.23,"end":2059.99}]},{"text":"Space systems underpin communications, navigation, climate action, and disaster response.","start":2060.47,"end":2066.47,"topics":[{"key":"civilian-space-services","label":"Protection of Civilian Space Services","description":"A number of delegations emphasized that societies depend on satellites for communications, navigation, disaster response, banking, climate monitoring and other essential services. They therefore called for stronger protection of civilian and humanitarian space systems from disruption or attack."}],"words":[{"text":"Space","start":2060.47,"end":2060.99},{"text":"systems","start":2060.99,"end":2061.51},{"text":"underpin","start":2061.51,"end":2062.23},{"text":"communications,","start":2062.23,"end":2063.19},{"text":"navigation,","start":2063.19,"end":2064.07},{"text":"climate","start":2064.07,"end":2064.55},{"text":"action,","start":2064.55,"end":2065.03},{"text":"and","start":2065.03,"end":2065.23},{"text":"disaster","start":2065.23,"end":2065.83},{"text":"response.","start":2065.83,"end":2066.47}]},{"text":"Protecting them is a matter of strategic stability as well as a matter of human security and development.","start":2067.31,"end":2073.55,"topics":[{"key":"civilian-space-services","label":"Protection of Civilian Space Services","description":"A number of delegations emphasized that societies depend on satellites for communications, navigation, disaster response, banking, climate monitoring and other essential services. They therefore called for stronger protection of civilian and humanitarian space systems from disruption or attack."}],"words":[{"text":"Protecting","start":2067.31,"end":2067.83},{"text":"them","start":2067.83,"end":2068.03},{"text":"is","start":2068.03,"end":2068.15},{"text":"a","start":2068.15,"end":2068.19},{"text":"matter","start":2068.19,"end":2068.55},{"text":"of","start":2068.55,"end":2068.63},{"text":"strategic","start":2068.63,"end":2069.27},{"text":"stability","start":2069.27,"end":2069.87},{"text":"as","start":2069.87,"end":2070.07},{"text":"well","start":2070.07,"end":2070.39},{"text":"as","start":2070.39,"end":2070.71},{"text":"a","start":2070.75,"end":2070.79},{"text":"matter","start":2070.79,"end":2071.43},{"text":"of","start":2071.87,"end":2072.07},{"text":"human","start":2072.07,"end":2072.43},{"text":"security","start":2072.43,"end":2072.91},{"text":"and","start":2072.91,"end":2073.03},{"text":"development.","start":2073.03,"end":2073.55}]},{"text":"Second, preventing an arms race requires moving beyond the mere statement of principles towards concrete measures.","start":2074.63,"end":2082.07,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-paros","label":"Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space must remain a peaceful domain and warned against its weaponization or transformation into a theatre of conflict. 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These were presented as urgent risks to stability, security and strategic predictability in space."}],"words":[{"text":"Costa","start":2083.19,"end":2083.51},{"text":"Rica","start":2083.51,"end":2083.83},{"text":"views","start":2083.83,"end":2084.39},{"text":"the","start":2084.39,"end":2084.47},{"text":"development","start":2084.47,"end":2085.07},{"text":"of","start":2085.07,"end":2085.15},{"text":"norms","start":2085.15,"end":2085.75},{"text":"for","start":2085.75,"end":2086.03},{"text":"responsible","start":2086.03,"end":2086.79},{"text":"behavior","start":2086.79,"end":2087.59},{"text":"and","start":2088.15,"end":2088.47},{"text":"the","start":2088.47,"end":2088.55},{"text":"negotiation","start":2088.55,"end":2089.43},{"text":"of","start":2089.43,"end":2089.51},{"text":"legally","start":2089.51,"end":2089.91},{"text":"binding","start":2089.91,"end":2090.27},{"text":"obligations","start":2090.27,"end":2090.99},{"text":"as","start":2090.99,"end":2091.11},{"text":"complementary","start":2091.11,"end":2091.91},{"text":"efforts,","start":2091.91,"end":2092.31},{"text":"in","start":2092.31,"end":2092.39},{"text":"particular","start":2092.39,"end":2093.15},{"text":"It","start":2093.99,"end":2094.03},{"text":"supports","start":2094.03,"end":2094.59},{"text":"the","start":2094.59,"end":2094.67},{"text":"universalization","start":2094.67,"end":2095.79},{"text":"of","start":2095.79,"end":2095.87},{"text":"norms","start":2095.87,"end":2096.23},{"text":"against","start":2096.23,"end":2096.59},{"text":"the","start":2096.59,"end":2096.67},{"text":"use","start":2096.67,"end":2097.03},{"text":"and","start":2097.03,"end":2097.15},{"text":"destructive","start":2097.15,"end":2097.67},{"text":"testing","start":2097.67,"end":2098.15},{"text":"of","start":2098.15,"end":2098.31},{"text":"direct","start":2098.31,"end":2098.79},{"text":"ascent","start":2098.79,"end":2099.59},{"text":"and","start":2099.59,"end":2099.99},{"text":"anti-satellite","start":2099.99,"end":2100.95},{"text":"missiles,","start":2100.95,"end":2101.59},{"text":"as","start":2101.83,"end":2101.99},{"text":"well","start":2101.99,"end":2102.11},{"text":"as","start":2102.11,"end":2102.23},{"text":"efforts","start":2102.23,"end":2102.63},{"text":"toward","start":2102.63,"end":2102.91},{"text":"their","start":2102.91,"end":2103.11},{"text":"legally","start":2103.11,"end":2103.59},{"text":"binding","start":2103.59,"end":2104.15},{"text":"prohibition.","start":2104.15,"end":2105.03}]},{"text":"Third, artificial intelligence is transforming space activities.","start":2105.67,"end":2110.15,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Third,","start":2105.67,"end":2106.07},{"text":"artificial","start":2106.75,"end":2107.31},{"text":"intelligence","start":2107.31,"end":2107.91},{"text":"is","start":2107.91,"end":2107.99},{"text":"transforming","start":2107.99,"end":2108.87},{"text":"space","start":2108.87,"end":2109.35},{"text":"activities.","start":2109.35,"end":2110.15}]},{"text":"While it can enhance Earth observation, space traffic management, and emergency response, It also introduces risks related to autonomy, bias, cybersecurity, and data manipulation.","start":2111.39,"end":2124.31,"topics":[{"key":"civilian-space-services","label":"Protection of Civilian Space Services","description":"A number of delegations emphasized that societies depend on satellites for communications, navigation, disaster response, banking, climate monitoring and other essential services. 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They called for stronger international cooperation, technology transfer, training, data sharing and capacity building."}],"words":[{"text":"Finally,","start":2133.67,"end":2134.31},{"text":"space","start":2134.71,"end":2135.19},{"text":"governance","start":2135.19,"end":2136.47},{"text":"must","start":2136.47,"end":2136.83},{"text":"be","start":2136.83,"end":2136.95},{"text":"truly","start":2136.95,"end":2137.31},{"text":"inclusive.","start":2137.31,"end":2137.95}]},{"text":"Developing countries are increasingly dependent on space services, yet they often lack adequate access to data, technical capabilities, or computational infrastructure.","start":2137.95,"end":2149.59,"topics":[{"key":"equitable-space-access","label":"Equitable Access and Capacity Building","description":"Many delegations argued that all states, especially developing countries, should benefit from peaceful space activities on a non-discriminatory basis. 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They called for stronger international cooperation, technology transfer, training, data sharing and capacity building."}],"words":[{"text":"Capacity","start":2150.31,"end":2150.87},{"text":"building","start":2150.87,"end":2151.35},{"text":"must","start":2151.35,"end":2151.55},{"text":"enable","start":2151.55,"end":2151.99},{"text":"them","start":2151.99,"end":2152.15},{"text":"to","start":2152.15,"end":2152.27},{"text":"benefit","start":2152.27,"end":2152.95},{"text":"from","start":2152.95,"end":2153.19},{"text":"these","start":2153.19,"end":2153.35},{"text":"technologies","start":2153.35,"end":2154.23},{"text":"and","start":2154.23,"end":2154.39},{"text":"to","start":2154.39,"end":2154.47},{"text":"participate","start":2154.47,"end":2155.07},{"text":"in","start":2155.07,"end":2155.19},{"text":"shaping","start":2155.19,"end":2155.59},{"text":"the","start":2155.59,"end":2155.71},{"text":"rules","start":2155.71,"end":2155.99},{"text":"that","start":2155.99,"end":2156.11},{"text":"will","start":2156.11,"end":2156.23},{"text":"govern","start":2156.23,"end":2156.67},{"text":"them.","start":2156.67,"end":2156.87}]},{"text":"The principles set forth in Resolution 2222 and the Outer Space Treaty, which ensure that the exploration and use of space are carried out for the benefit and in the interests of all States, cannot be fully realized without diverse inclusive and representative participation, including the equitable inclusion of women, in all such endeavors.","start":2157.35,"end":2179.23,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-law","label":"International Law and the Outer Space Treaty","description":"Delegations repeatedly referred to the 1967 Outer Space Treaty, the UN Charter, and in some cases international humanitarian law, as the foundation of space governance. 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Conference on Disarmament of Germany.","start":2206.99,"end":2213.39,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Now","start":2206.99,"end":2207.23},{"text":"I","start":2207.23,"end":2207.39},{"text":"give","start":2207.39,"end":2207.59},{"text":"the","start":2207.59,"end":2207.71},{"text":"floor","start":2207.71,"end":2207.95},{"text":"to","start":2207.95,"end":2208.11},{"text":"the","start":2208.11,"end":2208.27},{"text":"distinguished","start":2208.27,"end":2208.79},{"text":"permanent","start":2208.79,"end":2209.27},{"text":"representative","start":2209.27,"end":2210.07},{"text":"to","start":2210.07,"end":2210.23},{"text":"the","start":2210.23,"end":2210.39},{"text":"Conference","start":2210.83,"end":2211.47},{"text":"on","start":2211.47,"end":2211.63},{"text":"Disarmament","start":2211.63,"end":2212.59},{"text":"of","start":2212.59,"end":2212.83},{"text":"Germany.","start":2212.83,"end":2213.39}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"1st Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair","affiliation_full":"1st Committee"}},{"statement_number":22,"start":2217.07,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c1/81/15?lang=en&t=36:58","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you very much, Mr. Chairman.","start":2217.07,"end":2218.51,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":2217.07,"end":2217.31},{"text":"you","start":2217.31,"end":2217.39},{"text":"very","start":2217.39,"end":2217.55},{"text":"much,","start":2217.55,"end":2217.71},{"text":"Mr.","start":2217.71,"end":2218.03},{"text":"Chairman.","start":2218.03,"end":2218.51}]},{"text":"Germany aligns itself with the statement just delivered by the European Union.","start":2218.91,"end":2222.51,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Germany","start":2218.91,"end":2219.35},{"text":"aligns","start":2219.35,"end":2219.75},{"text":"itself","start":2219.75,"end":2220.11},{"text":"with","start":2220.11,"end":2220.23},{"text":"the","start":2220.23,"end":2220.31},{"text":"statement","start":2220.31,"end":2220.75},{"text":"just","start":2220.75,"end":2220.99},{"text":"delivered","start":2220.99,"end":2221.35},{"text":"by","start":2221.35,"end":2221.47},{"text":"the","start":2221.47,"end":2221.59},{"text":"European","start":2221.59,"end":2222.03},{"text":"Union.","start":2222.03,"end":2222.51}]},{"text":"Outer space remains one of the most dynamic domains and is becoming one of the foundational pillars for all aspects of our common civilization.","start":2223.35,"end":2231.43,"topics":[{"key":"civilian-space-services","label":"Protection of Civilian Space Services","description":"A number of delegations emphasized that societies depend on satellites for communications, navigation, disaster response, banking, climate monitoring and other essential services. They therefore called for stronger protection of civilian and humanitarian space systems from disruption or attack."}],"words":[{"text":"Outer","start":2223.35,"end":2223.51},{"text":"space","start":2223.51,"end":2223.83},{"text":"remains","start":2223.83,"end":2224.31},{"text":"one","start":2224.31,"end":2224.55},{"text":"of","start":2224.55,"end":2224.63},{"text":"the","start":2224.63,"end":2224.71},{"text":"most","start":2224.71,"end":2225.03},{"text":"dynamic","start":2225.03,"end":2225.51},{"text":"domains","start":2225.51,"end":2226.15},{"text":"and","start":2226.15,"end":2226.31},{"text":"is","start":2226.31,"end":2226.39},{"text":"becoming","start":2226.39,"end":2226.87},{"text":"one","start":2226.87,"end":2227.11},{"text":"of","start":2227.11,"end":2227.19},{"text":"the","start":2227.19,"end":2227.31},{"text":"foundational","start":2227.31,"end":2227.99},{"text":"pillars","start":2227.99,"end":2228.39},{"text":"for","start":2228.39,"end":2228.63},{"text":"all","start":2228.63,"end":2229.03},{"text":"aspects","start":2229.03,"end":2229.67},{"text":"of","start":2229.95,"end":2230.07},{"text":"our","start":2230.07,"end":2230.23},{"text":"common","start":2230.23,"end":2230.55},{"text":"civilization.","start":2230.55,"end":2231.43}]},{"text":"Therefore, maintaining stability and avoiding escalation in outer space is an absolute priority for Germany.","start":2231.91,"end":2238.23,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-paros","label":"Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space must remain a peaceful domain and warned against its weaponization or transformation into a theatre of conflict. They framed preventing an arms race in outer space as a core international security objective."}],"words":[{"text":"Therefore,","start":2231.91,"end":2232.55},{"text":"maintaining","start":2232.55,"end":2233.11},{"text":"stability","start":2233.11,"end":2233.75},{"text":"and","start":2233.75,"end":2233.91},{"text":"avoiding","start":2233.91,"end":2234.39},{"text":"escalation","start":2234.39,"end":2235.11},{"text":"in","start":2235.11,"end":2235.19},{"text":"outer","start":2235.19,"end":2235.43},{"text":"space","start":2235.43,"end":2235.91},{"text":"is","start":2236.15,"end":2236.35},{"text":"an","start":2236.35,"end":2236.47},{"text":"absolute","start":2236.47,"end":2236.99},{"text":"priority","start":2236.99,"end":2237.59},{"text":"for","start":2237.59,"end":2237.75},{"text":"Germany.","start":2237.75,"end":2238.23}]},{"text":"Since we last met in this committee, states and private actors have made important achievements in their space programs, including on launch capabilities, reusability, and satellite systems for both civilian and military purposes.","start":2239.11,"end":2252.87,"topics":[{"key":"civilian-space-services","label":"Protection of Civilian Space Services","description":"A number of delegations emphasized that societies depend on satellites for communications, navigation, disaster response, banking, climate monitoring and other essential services. They therefore called for stronger protection of civilian and humanitarian space systems from disruption or attack."}],"words":[{"text":"Since","start":2239.11,"end":2239.43},{"text":"we","start":2239.43,"end":2239.59},{"text":"last","start":2239.59,"end":2239.99},{"text":"met","start":2239.99,"end":2240.31},{"text":"in","start":2240.31,"end":2240.43},{"text":"this","start":2240.43,"end":2240.63},{"text":"committee,","start":2240.63,"end":2241.11},{"text":"states","start":2241.11,"end":2241.55},{"text":"and","start":2241.55,"end":2241.71},{"text":"private","start":2241.71,"end":2242.11},{"text":"actors","start":2242.11,"end":2242.47},{"text":"have","start":2242.47,"end":2242.71},{"text":"made","start":2242.71,"end":2242.95},{"text":"important","start":2242.95,"end":2243.55},{"text":"achievements","start":2243.55,"end":2244.15},{"text":"in","start":2244.15,"end":2244.31},{"text":"their","start":2244.31,"end":2244.47},{"text":"space","start":2244.47,"end":2244.79},{"text":"programs,","start":2244.79,"end":2245.51},{"text":"including","start":2245.75,"end":2246.31},{"text":"on","start":2246.31,"end":2246.47},{"text":"launch","start":2246.47,"end":2246.79},{"text":"capabilities,","start":2246.79,"end":2247.75},{"text":"reusability,","start":2248.07,"end":2249.39},{"text":"and","start":2249.39,"end":2249.59},{"text":"satellite","start":2249.59,"end":2250.07},{"text":"systems","start":2250.07,"end":2250.59},{"text":"for","start":2250.59,"end":2250.71},{"text":"both","start":2250.71,"end":2250.99},{"text":"civilian","start":2250.99,"end":2251.51},{"text":"and","start":2251.51,"end":2251.67},{"text":"military","start":2251.67,"end":2252.15},{"text":"purposes.","start":2252.15,"end":2252.87}]},{"text":"it is clear that the trend towards increasing counter space capabilities continues as well.","start":2253.35,"end":2259.19,"topics":[{"key":"counterspace-threats","label":"Counter-Space Weapons and Anti-Satellite Threats","description":"Several speakers highlighted concrete threats such as anti-satellite missiles, destructive direct-ascent ASAT tests, jamming, spoofing, and other counter-space capabilities. These were presented as urgent risks to stability, security and strategic predictability in space."}],"words":[{"text":"it","start":2253.35,"end":2253.51},{"text":"is","start":2253.51,"end":2253.67},{"text":"clear","start":2253.67,"end":2254.07},{"text":"that","start":2254.07,"end":2254.23},{"text":"the","start":2254.23,"end":2254.31},{"text":"trend","start":2254.31,"end":2254.71},{"text":"towards","start":2254.71,"end":2255.51},{"text":"increasing","start":2255.51,"end":2256.07},{"text":"counter","start":2256.07,"end":2256.47},{"text":"space","start":2256.47,"end":2256.79},{"text":"capabilities","start":2256.79,"end":2257.67},{"text":"continues","start":2257.99,"end":2258.63},{"text":"as","start":2258.63,"end":2258.79},{"text":"well.","start":2258.79,"end":2259.19}]},{"text":"Against the backdrop of these developments, it is all the more imperative to drive forward our work on identifying measures to reduce risks and preserve stability in, as well as access to outer space for all.","start":2259.75,"end":2272.95,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-paros","label":"Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space must remain a peaceful domain and warned against its weaponization or transformation into a theatre of conflict. 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Several speakers argued that voluntary measures cannot replace binding obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"Germany","start":2287.59,"end":2288.15},{"text":"firmly","start":2288.15,"end":2288.71},{"text":"stands","start":2288.71,"end":2289.11},{"text":"behind","start":2289.11,"end":2289.75},{"text":"its","start":2290.07,"end":2290.31},{"text":"comprehensive","start":2290.31,"end":2291.43},{"text":"approach","start":2291.43,"end":2291.91},{"text":"combining","start":2291.91,"end":2292.63},{"text":"binding","start":2292.63,"end":2293.27},{"text":"and","start":2293.27,"end":2293.71},{"text":"non-binding","start":2293.71,"end":2294.39},{"text":"measures,","start":2294.39,"end":2294.87},{"text":"addressing","start":2295.11,"end":2295.67},{"text":"both","start":2295.67,"end":2295.91},{"text":"capabilities","start":2295.91,"end":2296.79},{"text":"as","start":2296.95,"end":2297.19},{"text":"well","start":2297.19,"end":2297.43},{"text":"as","start":2297.43,"end":2297.59},{"text":"behaviors","start":2297.59,"end":2298.31},{"text":"in","start":2298.31,"end":2298.47},{"text":"outer","start":2298.47,"end":2298.71},{"text":"space.","start":2298.71,"end":2299.19}]},{"text":"We welcome the progress made in this year's session under the able stewardship of Ambassador Carlos Foradori of Argentina, where States discussed their respective threat perceptions, made concrete.","start":2299.99,"end":2310.99,"topics":[{"key":"responsible-behavior-norms","label":"Norms, Rules and Confidence-Building Measures","description":"Numerous statements supported developing norms, rules, principles of responsible behaviour, and transparency and confidence-building measures to reduce mistrust, miscalculation and escalation. 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Speakers warned that harmful activities in orbit could make parts of space unusable for future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"By","start":2524.47,"end":2524.79},{"text":"adopting","start":2524.79,"end":2525.27},{"text":"concrete","start":2525.27,"end":2525.99},{"text":"measures","start":2525.99,"end":2526.55},{"text":"to","start":2526.55,"end":2526.75},{"text":"reduce","start":2526.75,"end":2527.19},{"text":"risks","start":2527.27,"end":2527.99},{"text":"today,","start":2527.99,"end":2528.87},{"text":"we","start":2529.27,"end":2529.51},{"text":"can","start":2529.51,"end":2529.75},{"text":"help","start":2529.75,"end":2530.15},{"text":"to","start":2530.15,"end":2530.31},{"text":"create","start":2530.31,"end":2530.71},{"text":"the","start":2530.71,"end":2530.83},{"text":"conditions","start":2530.83,"end":2531.51},{"text":"for","start":2531.51,"end":2531.67},{"text":"stronger","start":2531.67,"end":2532.47},{"text":"cooperation","start":2532.47,"end":2533.19},{"text":"tomorrow","start":2533.19,"end":2534.07},{"text":"and","start":2534.63,"end":2535.11},{"text":"ensure","start":2535.11,"end":2535.51},{"text":"that","start":2535.51,"end":2535.75},{"text":"outer","start":2535.75,"end":2535.99},{"text":"space","start":2535.99,"end":2536.31},{"text":"continues","start":2536.31,"end":2536.87},{"text":"to","start":2536.87,"end":2537.03},{"text":"benefit","start":2537.03,"end":2537.75},{"text":"present","start":2537.99,"end":2538.63},{"text":"and","start":2538.79,"end":2538.95},{"text":"future","start":2538.95,"end":2539.27},{"text":"generations.","start":2539.27,"end":2539.99}]},{"text":"Thank you.","start":2539.99,"end":2540.39,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":2539.99,"end":2540.23},{"text":"you.","start":2540.23,"end":2540.39}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"CAN","group":null,"function":null,"affiliation_full":"Canada"}},{"statement_number":25,"start":2544.03,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c1/81/15?lang=en&t=42:25","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of Canada.","start":2544.03,"end":2546.99,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":2544.03,"end":2544.04},{"text":"thank","start":2544.03,"end":2544.51},{"text":"the","start":2544.51,"end":2544.63},{"text":"distinguished","start":2544.83,"end":2545.55},{"text":"representative","start":2545.55,"end":2546.43},{"text":"of","start":2546.43,"end":2546.59},{"text":"Canada.","start":2546.59,"end":2546.99}]},{"text":"Now I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Norway.","start":2546.99,"end":2550.51,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Now","start":2546.99,"end":2547.31},{"text":"I","start":2547.31,"end":2547.39},{"text":"give","start":2547.39,"end":2547.67},{"text":"the","start":2547.67,"end":2547.79},{"text":"floor","start":2547.79,"end":2548.03},{"text":"to","start":2548.03,"end":2548.11},{"text":"the","start":2548.11,"end":2548.27},{"text":"distinguished","start":2548.27,"end":2548.87},{"text":"representative","start":2548.87,"end":2549.79},{"text":"of","start":2549.79,"end":2549.95},{"text":"Norway.","start":2549.95,"end":2550.51}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"1st Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair","affiliation_full":"1st Committee"}},{"statement_number":26,"start":2555.39,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c1/81/15?lang=en&t=42:36","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Next year, sorry.","start":2555.39,"end":2557.47,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next","start":2555.39,"end":2555.83},{"text":"year,","start":2555.83,"end":2556.35},{"text":"sorry.","start":2556.99,"end":2557.47}]},{"text":"Thank you, Mr. Chairman.","start":2558.35,"end":2559.47,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":2558.35,"end":2558.59},{"text":"you,","start":2558.59,"end":2558.67},{"text":"Mr.","start":2558.67,"end":2558.91},{"text":"Chairman.","start":2558.91,"end":2559.47}]},{"text":"Next year marks the 60th anniversary of the Outer Space Treaty, and full compliance with the treaty remains as important as ever.","start":2559.47,"end":2568.75,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-law","label":"International Law and the Outer Space Treaty","description":"Delegations repeatedly referred to the 1967 Outer Space Treaty, the UN Charter, and in some cases international humanitarian law, as the foundation of space governance. Speakers emphasized compliance with existing law while some also called for the legal framework to be updated or strengthened."}],"words":[{"text":"Next","start":2559.47,"end":2559.75},{"text":"year","start":2559.75,"end":2559.95},{"text":"marks","start":2559.95,"end":2560.43},{"text":"the","start":2560.43,"end":2560.99},{"text":"60th","start":2560.99,"end":2561.55},{"text":"anniversary","start":2561.55,"end":2562.27},{"text":"of","start":2562.27,"end":2562.35},{"text":"the","start":2562.35,"end":2562.47},{"text":"Outer","start":2562.47,"end":2562.83},{"text":"Space","start":2562.83,"end":2563.31},{"text":"Treaty,","start":2563.47,"end":2564.03},{"text":"and","start":2564.75,"end":2565.07},{"text":"full","start":2565.23,"end":2565.39},{"text":"compliance","start":2565.39,"end":2566.03},{"text":"with","start":2566.03,"end":2566.15},{"text":"the","start":2566.15,"end":2566.23},{"text":"treaty","start":2566.23,"end":2566.59},{"text":"remains","start":2566.59,"end":2567.15},{"text":"as","start":2567.15,"end":2567.47},{"text":"important","start":2567.47,"end":2568.11},{"text":"as","start":2568.11,"end":2568.43},{"text":"ever.","start":2568.43,"end":2568.75}]},{"text":"at least its obligation not to place in orbit any objects carrying nuclear weapons or other weapons of mass destruction.","start":2569.39,"end":2578.07,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-law","label":"International Law and the Outer Space Treaty","description":"Delegations repeatedly referred to the 1967 Outer Space Treaty, the UN Charter, and in some cases international humanitarian law, as the foundation of space governance. 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Several speakers argued that voluntary measures cannot replace binding obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"at","start":2569.39,"end":2569.43},{"text":"least","start":2569.43,"end":2569.99},{"text":"its","start":2570.63,"end":2570.95},{"text":"obligation","start":2570.95,"end":2571.63},{"text":"not","start":2571.63,"end":2571.87},{"text":"to","start":2571.87,"end":2571.95},{"text":"place","start":2571.95,"end":2572.31},{"text":"in","start":2572.31,"end":2572.47},{"text":"orbit","start":2572.47,"end":2573.11},{"text":"any","start":2573.11,"end":2573.35},{"text":"objects","start":2573.35,"end":2574.07},{"text":"carrying","start":2574.15,"end":2574.55},{"text":"nuclear","start":2574.55,"end":2575.03},{"text":"weapons","start":2575.03,"end":2575.51},{"text":"or","start":2575.51,"end":2575.83},{"text":"other","start":2576.07,"end":2576.39},{"text":"weapons","start":2576.55,"end":2577.11},{"text":"of","start":2577.11,"end":2577.19},{"text":"mass","start":2577.19,"end":2577.47},{"text":"destruction.","start":2577.47,"end":2578.07}]},{"text":"Now, we're increasingly concerned about the growing development of counter space and anti-satellite systems and the lack of transparency around such activities.","start":2579.11,"end":2591.83,"topics":[{"key":"counterspace-threats","label":"Counter-Space Weapons and Anti-Satellite Threats","description":"Several speakers highlighted concrete threats such as anti-satellite missiles, destructive direct-ascent ASAT tests, jamming, spoofing, and other counter-space capabilities. These were presented as urgent risks to stability, security and strategic predictability in space."}],"words":[{"text":"Now,","start":2579.11,"end":2579.35},{"text":"we're","start":2579.35,"end":2579.75},{"text":"increasingly","start":2579.75,"end":2580.55},{"text":"concerned","start":2580.55,"end":2581.19},{"text":"about","start":2581.19,"end":2581.51},{"text":"the","start":2581.51,"end":2581.91},{"text":"growing","start":2581.91,"end":2582.63},{"text":"development","start":2582.79,"end":2583.59},{"text":"of","start":2585.23,"end":2585.31},{"text":"counter","start":2585.35,"end":2585.91},{"text":"space","start":2585.91,"end":2586.39},{"text":"and","start":2586.39,"end":2586.59},{"text":"anti-satellite","start":2586.59,"end":2587.55},{"text":"systems","start":2587.55,"end":2588.23},{"text":"and","start":2588.23,"end":2588.51},{"text":"the","start":2588.51,"end":2588.59},{"text":"lack","start":2588.59,"end":2588.83},{"text":"of","start":2588.83,"end":2589.03},{"text":"transparency","start":2589.03,"end":2589.99},{"text":"around","start":2590.15,"end":2590.63},{"text":"such","start":2590.63,"end":2591.11},{"text":"activities.","start":2591.11,"end":2591.83}]},{"text":"Space-based services are increasingly indispensable to our modern societies.","start":2592.95,"end":2598.39,"topics":[{"key":"civilian-space-services","label":"Protection of Civilian Space Services","description":"A number of delegations emphasized that societies depend on satellites for communications, navigation, disaster response, banking, climate monitoring and other essential services. They therefore called for stronger protection of civilian and humanitarian space systems from disruption or attack."}],"words":[{"text":"Space-based","start":2592.95,"end":2593.55},{"text":"services","start":2593.55,"end":2594.31},{"text":"are","start":2594.31,"end":2594.63},{"text":"increasingly","start":2594.63,"end":2595.59},{"text":"indispensable","start":2595.59,"end":2596.63},{"text":"to","start":2596.63,"end":2596.79},{"text":"our","start":2596.79,"end":2597.11},{"text":"modern","start":2597.11,"end":2597.59},{"text":"societies.","start":2597.59,"end":2598.39}]},{"text":"And destruction, disruption, or degradation of such services could have serious consequences.","start":2599.43,"end":2605.19,"topics":[{"key":"civilian-space-services","label":"Protection of Civilian Space Services","description":"A number of delegations emphasized that societies depend on satellites for communications, navigation, disaster response, banking, climate monitoring and other essential services. 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They framed preventing an arms race in outer space as a core international security objective."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":2606.87,"end":2607.15},{"text":"Chairman,","start":2607.15,"end":2607.51},{"text":"greater","start":2607.51,"end":2608.15},{"text":"transparency","start":2608.15,"end":2609.15},{"text":"and","start":2609.15,"end":2609.51},{"text":"confidence-building","start":2609.51,"end":2610.35},{"text":"measures","start":2610.35,"end":2610.87},{"text":"should","start":2610.87,"end":2611.11},{"text":"be","start":2611.11,"end":2611.35},{"text":"an","start":2611.35,"end":2611.67},{"text":"integral","start":2611.67,"end":2612.15},{"text":"part","start":2612.15,"end":2612.63},{"text":"of","start":2612.83,"end":2612.95},{"text":"our","start":2612.95,"end":2613.11},{"text":"effort","start":2613.11,"end":2613.47},{"text":"to","start":2613.47,"end":2613.59},{"text":"prevent","start":2613.59,"end":2614.03},{"text":"an","start":2614.03,"end":2614.15},{"text":"arms","start":2614.15,"end":2614.39},{"text":"race","start":2614.39,"end":2614.79},{"text":"in","start":2614.79,"end":2614.87},{"text":"outer","start":2614.87,"end":2615.19},{"text":"space.","start":2615.19,"end":2615.83}]},{"text":"Indeed, increased transparency regarding military space capabilities, doctrines, and activities can help reduce mistrust and the risk of misunderstanding and miscalculation.","start":2616.55,"end":2628.99,"topics":[{"key":"responsible-behavior-norms","label":"Norms, Rules and Confidence-Building Measures","description":"Numerous statements supported developing norms, rules, principles of responsible behaviour, and transparency and confidence-building measures to reduce mistrust, miscalculation and escalation. 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Views differed on emphasis, but many saw these measures as complementary to future legal commitments."}],"words":[{"text":"Threat","start":2660.95,"end":2661.27},{"text":"reduction","start":2661.27,"end":2661.83},{"text":"should","start":2661.83,"end":2662.07},{"text":"be","start":2662.07,"end":2662.23},{"text":"our","start":2662.23,"end":2662.39},{"text":"primary","start":2662.39,"end":2662.79},{"text":"objective.","start":2662.79,"end":2663.43}]},{"text":"Now, this approach continues to offer a way towards a legally binding instrument, political commitments, or both.","start":2664.47,"end":2671.71,"topics":[{"key":"binding-space-instrument","label":"Legally Binding Space Security Instrument","description":"A major theme was the call for negotiations on a universal, multilaterally negotiated and verifiable legal instrument to prohibit weapons in outer space and attacks against space objects. 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They framed preventing an arms race in outer space as a core international security objective."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":2673.47,"end":2673.75},{"text":"Chairman,","start":2673.75,"end":2674.15},{"text":"the","start":2674.15,"end":2674.27},{"text":"importance","start":2674.27,"end":2674.87},{"text":"of","start":2674.87,"end":2674.95},{"text":"outer","start":2674.95,"end":2675.27},{"text":"space","start":2675.27,"end":2675.67},{"text":"continues","start":2675.67,"end":2676.15},{"text":"to","start":2676.15,"end":2676.23},{"text":"increase,","start":2676.23,"end":2677.03},{"text":"and","start":2677.11,"end":2677.43},{"text":"so","start":2677.43,"end":2677.91},{"text":"too","start":2677.91,"end":2678.23},{"text":"does","start":2678.23,"end":2678.55},{"text":"the","start":2678.55,"end":2678.67},{"text":"importance","start":2678.67,"end":2679.23},{"text":"of","start":2679.23,"end":2679.31},{"text":"maintaining","start":2679.31,"end":2679.99},{"text":"its","start":2679.99,"end":2680.31},{"text":"security.","start":2680.39,"end":2681.19}]},{"text":"On the doorstep of 2027, we should all renew our efforts to ensure that we preserve space as a peaceful, safe, stable, secure, and sustainable environment for the benefit of all.","start":2681.99,"end":2695.39,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-paros","label":"Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space must remain a peaceful domain and warned against its weaponization or transformation into a theatre of conflict. 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Speakers warned that harmful activities in orbit could make parts of space unusable for future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"On","start":2681.99,"end":2682.11},{"text":"the","start":2682.11,"end":2682.19},{"text":"doorstep","start":2682.19,"end":2682.75},{"text":"of","start":2682.79,"end":2682.99},{"text":"2027,","start":2682.99,"end":2684.03},{"text":"we","start":2684.03,"end":2684.19},{"text":"should","start":2684.19,"end":2684.43},{"text":"all","start":2684.43,"end":2684.75},{"text":"renew","start":2685.23,"end":2685.63},{"text":"our","start":2685.63,"end":2685.79},{"text":"efforts","start":2685.79,"end":2686.43},{"text":"to","start":2686.43,"end":2686.75},{"text":"ensure","start":2686.75,"end":2687.19},{"text":"that","start":2687.19,"end":2687.39},{"text":"we","start":2687.39,"end":2687.55},{"text":"preserve","start":2687.55,"end":2688.43},{"text":"space","start":2688.43,"end":2688.91},{"text":"as","start":2688.91,"end":2689.15},{"text":"a","start":2689.15,"end":2689.23},{"text":"peaceful,","start":2689.31,"end":2689.95},{"text":"safe,","start":2690.43,"end":2690.83},{"text":"stable,","start":2690.83,"end":2691.39},{"text":"secure,","start":2691.39,"end":2691.95},{"text":"and","start":2691.95,"end":2692.43},{"text":"sustainable","start":2692.43,"end":2693.23},{"text":"environment","start":2693.63,"end":2694.27},{"text":"for","start":2694.27,"end":2694.43},{"text":"the","start":2694.43,"end":2694.51},{"text":"benefit","start":2694.51,"end":2695.07},{"text":"of","start":2695.07,"end":2695.15},{"text":"all.","start":2695.15,"end":2695.39}]},{"text":"Thank you.","start":2695.71,"end":2696.11,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":2695.71,"end":2695.95},{"text":"you.","start":2695.95,"end":2696.11}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"NOR","group":null,"function":null,"affiliation_full":"Norway"}},{"statement_number":27,"start":2697.87,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c1/81/15?lang=en&t=44:58","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of Norway.","start":2697.87,"end":2701.63,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":2697.87,"end":2697.95},{"text":"thank","start":2698.23,"end":2698.51},{"text":"the","start":2698.51,"end":2698.63},{"text":"distinguished","start":2698.75,"end":2699.71},{"text":"representative","start":2700.07,"end":2700.99},{"text":"of","start":2700.99,"end":2701.23},{"text":"Norway.","start":2701.23,"end":2701.63}]},{"text":"Now I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Kenya.","start":2701.63,"end":2705.63,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Now","start":2701.63,"end":2702.03},{"text":"I","start":2702.03,"end":2702.19},{"text":"give","start":2702.19,"end":2702.43},{"text":"the","start":2702.43,"end":2702.59},{"text":"floor","start":2702.59,"end":2702.83},{"text":"to","start":2702.83,"end":2702.95},{"text":"the","start":2702.95,"end":2703.07},{"text":"distinguished","start":2703.07,"end":2703.63},{"text":"representative","start":2703.63,"end":2704.51},{"text":"of","start":2704.67,"end":2705.15},{"text":"Kenya.","start":2705.15,"end":2705.63}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"1st Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair","affiliation_full":"1st Committee"}},{"statement_number":28,"start":2714.07,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c1/81/15?lang=en&t=45:15","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Chair.","start":2714.07,"end":2715.51,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":2714.07,"end":2714.39},{"text":"you,","start":2714.95,"end":2715.11},{"text":"Chair.","start":2715.11,"end":2715.51}]},{"text":"The benefits derived from all the space satellite-enabled services have become integral to national development efforts supporting sustainable development, economic growth, and human security.","start":2716.23,"end":2728.95,"topics":[{"key":"civilian-space-services","label":"Protection of Civilian Space Services","description":"A number of delegations emphasized that societies depend on satellites for communications, navigation, disaster response, banking, climate monitoring and other essential services. They therefore called for stronger protection of civilian and humanitarian space systems from disruption or attack."},{"key":"equitable-space-access","label":"Equitable Access and Capacity Building","description":"Many delegations argued that all states, especially developing countries, should benefit from peaceful space activities on a non-discriminatory basis. They called for stronger international cooperation, technology transfer, training, data sharing and capacity building."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2716.23,"end":2716.39},{"text":"benefits","start":2716.39,"end":2717.19},{"text":"derived","start":2717.19,"end":2717.75},{"text":"from","start":2717.75,"end":2718.07},{"text":"all","start":2718.15,"end":2718.31},{"text":"the","start":2718.31,"end":2718.47},{"text":"space","start":2718.47,"end":2718.83},{"text":"satellite-enabled","start":2718.83,"end":2719.87},{"text":"services","start":2719.87,"end":2720.63},{"text":"have","start":2721.19,"end":2721.39},{"text":"become","start":2721.39,"end":2722.07},{"text":"integral","start":2722.63,"end":2723.35},{"text":"to","start":2723.35,"end":2723.51},{"text":"national","start":2723.51,"end":2723.95},{"text":"development","start":2723.95,"end":2724.47},{"text":"efforts","start":2724.47,"end":2725.15},{"text":"supporting","start":2725.15,"end":2725.67},{"text":"sustainable","start":2725.67,"end":2726.23},{"text":"development,","start":2726.23,"end":2726.83},{"text":"economic","start":2726.83,"end":2727.31},{"text":"growth,","start":2727.31,"end":2727.63},{"text":"and","start":2727.83,"end":2727.99},{"text":"human","start":2727.99,"end":2728.31},{"text":"security.","start":2728.31,"end":2728.95}]},{"text":"However, limited access to space situational awareness capabilities hampers the ability to effectively monitor and respond to hazards such as orbital debris and uncontrolled reentries.","start":2729.63,"end":2743.83,"topics":[{"key":"space-sustainability","label":"Space Sustainability and Debris","description":"Long-term sustainability of the space environment emerged as a recurring concern, especially regarding debris, large satellite constellations, uncontrolled re-entries and space traffic. 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Several speakers argued that voluntary measures cannot replace binding obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":2825.79,"end":2825.95},{"text":"support","start":2825.95,"end":2826.43},{"text":"the","start":2826.43,"end":2826.51},{"text":"development","start":2826.51,"end":2827.39},{"text":"and","start":2827.47,"end":2827.63},{"text":"implementation","start":2827.63,"end":2828.35},{"text":"of","start":2828.35,"end":2828.51},{"text":"norms,","start":2828.51,"end":2828.99},{"text":"rules,","start":2828.99,"end":2829.47},{"text":"and","start":2829.47,"end":2829.59},{"text":"the","start":2829.59,"end":2829.67},{"text":"principles","start":2829.67,"end":2830.19},{"text":"of","start":2830.19,"end":2830.35},{"text":"responsible","start":2830.35,"end":2831.03},{"text":"behavior","start":2831.03,"end":2831.47},{"text":"that","start":2831.79,"end":2831.95},{"text":"enhance","start":2831.95,"end":2832.67},{"text":"predictability,","start":2832.99,"end":2834.03},{"text":"reduce","start":2834.03,"end":2834.59},{"text":"risks,","start":2834.59,"end":2835.11},{"text":"and","start":2835.11,"end":2835.31},{"text":"strengthen","start":2835.31,"end":2835.87},{"text":"strategic","start":2836.27,"end":2836.99},{"text":"stability","start":2836.99,"end":2837.63},{"text":"through","start":2837.63,"end":2838.03},{"text":"effective","start":2838.03,"end":2838.75},{"text":"and","start":2838.87,"end":2839.07},{"text":"verifiable","start":2839.07,"end":2839.79},{"text":"measures,","start":2839.79,"end":2840.35},{"text":"including","start":2840.43,"end":2840.99},{"text":"legally","start":2840.99,"end":2841.39},{"text":"binding","start":2841.39,"end":2841.79},{"text":"instruments.","start":2841.79,"end":2842.51}]},{"text":"The future of our outer space should be divined not by strategic competition or exclusion, but by cooperation and responsibility and shared progress.","start":2843.59,"end":2852.59,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-paros","label":"Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space must remain a peaceful domain and warned against its weaponization or transformation into a theatre of conflict. They framed preventing an arms race in outer space as a core international security objective."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2843.59,"end":2843.63},{"text":"future","start":2843.63,"end":2844.27},{"text":"of","start":2844.27,"end":2844.35},{"text":"our","start":2844.35,"end":2844.43},{"text":"outer","start":2844.43,"end":2844.75},{"text":"space","start":2844.75,"end":2845.23},{"text":"should","start":2845.23,"end":2845.47},{"text":"be","start":2845.47,"end":2845.63},{"text":"divined","start":2845.63,"end":2846.19},{"text":"not","start":2846.43,"end":2846.67},{"text":"by","start":2846.67,"end":2846.91},{"text":"strategic","start":2846.91,"end":2847.51},{"text":"competition","start":2847.51,"end":2848.19},{"text":"or","start":2848.67,"end":2848.91},{"text":"exclusion,","start":2848.91,"end":2849.47},{"text":"but","start":2849.47,"end":2849.63},{"text":"by","start":2849.63,"end":2849.87},{"text":"cooperation","start":2849.87,"end":2850.43},{"text":"and","start":2850.43,"end":2850.55},{"text":"responsibility","start":2850.55,"end":2851.47},{"text":"and","start":2851.47,"end":2851.63},{"text":"shared","start":2851.63,"end":2851.95},{"text":"progress.","start":2851.95,"end":2852.59}]},{"text":"We therefore support strong international and regional cooperation, including through the African Space Agency, to ensure that outer space remains a peaceful, secure, stable, and sustainable domain for present and the future generations.","start":2853.15,"end":2870.03,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-paros","label":"Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space must remain a peaceful domain and warned against its weaponization or transformation into a theatre of conflict. They framed preventing an arms race in outer space as a core international security objective."},{"key":"space-sustainability","label":"Space Sustainability and Debris","description":"Long-term sustainability of the space environment emerged as a recurring concern, especially regarding debris, large satellite constellations, uncontrolled re-entries and space traffic. Speakers warned that harmful activities in orbit could make parts of space unusable for future generations."},{"key":"equitable-space-access","label":"Equitable Access and Capacity Building","description":"Many delegations argued that all states, especially developing countries, should benefit from peaceful space activities on a non-discriminatory basis. They called for stronger international cooperation, technology transfer, training, data sharing and capacity 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Lanka.","start":2875.07,"end":2878.79,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Now","start":2875.07,"end":2875.43},{"text":"I","start":2875.43,"end":2875.51},{"text":"give","start":2875.51,"end":2875.75},{"text":"the","start":2875.75,"end":2875.87},{"text":"floor","start":2875.87,"end":2876.15},{"text":"to","start":2876.15,"end":2876.23},{"text":"the","start":2876.23,"end":2876.39},{"text":"distinguished","start":2876.39,"end":2877.07},{"text":"representative","start":2877.07,"end":2877.99},{"text":"of","start":2878.07,"end":2878.19},{"text":"Sri","start":2878.19,"end":2878.43},{"text":"Lanka.","start":2878.43,"end":2878.79}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"1st Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair","affiliation_full":"1st Committee"}},{"statement_number":30,"start":2882.15,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c1/81/15?lang=en&t=48:03","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"- Alliance itself with the statement delivered on behalf of the Non-Aligned Movement and wishes to add the following remarks in a national 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our lives increasingly depend on space-based technologies and services.","start":2890.79,"end":2895.83,"topics":[{"key":"civilian-space-services","label":"Protection of Civilian Space Services","description":"A number of delegations emphasized that societies depend on satellites for communications, navigation, disaster response, banking, climate monitoring and other essential services. They therefore called for stronger protection of civilian and humanitarian space systems from disruption or attack."}],"words":[{"text":"Today,","start":2890.79,"end":2891.27},{"text":"our","start":2891.51,"end":2891.67},{"text":"lives","start":2891.67,"end":2892.07},{"text":"increasingly","start":2892.07,"end":2892.67},{"text":"depend","start":2892.67,"end":2893.07},{"text":"on","start":2893.07,"end":2893.19},{"text":"space-based","start":2893.19,"end":2893.87},{"text":"technologies","start":2893.87,"end":2894.63},{"text":"and","start":2894.87,"end":2895.03},{"text":"services.","start":2895.03,"end":2895.83}]},{"text":"This growing reliance underscores the importance of preserving outer space as a domain of peaceful use and international cooperation.","start":2896.35,"end":2903.71,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-paros","label":"Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space must remain a peaceful domain and warned against its weaponization or transformation into a theatre of conflict. They framed preventing an arms race in outer space as a core international security objective."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":2896.35,"end":2896.43},{"text":"growing","start":2896.43,"end":2896.75},{"text":"reliance","start":2896.75,"end":2897.31},{"text":"underscores","start":2897.31,"end":2897.95},{"text":"the","start":2897.95,"end":2898.15},{"text":"importance","start":2898.15,"end":2898.71},{"text":"of","start":2898.71,"end":2898.83},{"text":"preserving","start":2898.83,"end":2899.39},{"text":"outer","start":2899.39,"end":2899.63},{"text":"space","start":2899.63,"end":2900.03},{"text":"as","start":2900.27,"end":2900.51},{"text":"a","start":2900.51,"end":2900.55},{"text":"domain","start":2900.55,"end":2900.91},{"text":"of","start":2900.91,"end":2901.07},{"text":"peaceful","start":2901.07,"end":2901.63},{"text":"use","start":2901.63,"end":2901.95},{"text":"and","start":2902.19,"end":2902.35},{"text":"international","start":2902.35,"end":2902.99},{"text":"cooperation.","start":2902.99,"end":2903.71}]},{"text":"Sri Lanka has long recognized outer space as the common heritage of humanity.","start":2904.15,"end":2908.75,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-law","label":"International Law and the Outer Space Treaty","description":"Delegations repeatedly referred to the 1967 Outer Space Treaty, the UN Charter, and in some cases international humanitarian law, as the foundation of space governance. Speakers emphasized compliance with existing law while some also called for the legal framework to be updated or strengthened."}],"words":[{"text":"Sri","start":2904.15,"end":2904.43},{"text":"Lanka","start":2904.43,"end":2904.75},{"text":"has","start":2904.75,"end":2904.91},{"text":"long","start":2904.91,"end":2905.11},{"text":"recognized","start":2905.11,"end":2905.87},{"text":"outer","start":2905.87,"end":2906.19},{"text":"space","start":2906.19,"end":2906.47},{"text":"as","start":2906.47,"end":2906.67},{"text":"the","start":2906.83,"end":2907.11},{"text":"common","start":2907.11,"end":2907.47},{"text":"heritage","start":2907.47,"end":2907.87},{"text":"of","start":2907.87,"end":2907.99},{"text":"humanity.","start":2907.99,"end":2908.75}]},{"text":"Mr. Chair, we strongly believe that activities in outer space should be guided by the principles enshrined in the UN Charter, particularly Article 2.","start":2909.15,"end":2918.19,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-law","label":"International Law and the Outer Space Treaty","description":"Delegations repeatedly referred to the 1967 Outer Space Treaty, the UN Charter, and in some cases international humanitarian law, as the foundation of space governance. 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They framed preventing an arms race in outer space as a core international security objective."}],"words":[{"text":"First","start":2933.07,"end":2933.31},{"text":"Committee","start":2933.31,"end":2933.67},{"text":"resolution","start":2933.67,"end":2934.19},{"text":"on","start":2934.19,"end":2934.35},{"text":"PAROS","start":2934.35,"end":2934.91},{"text":"before","start":2935.15,"end":2935.55},{"text":"this","start":2935.55,"end":2935.71},{"text":"body,","start":2935.71,"end":2936.19},{"text":"reflecting","start":2936.71,"end":2937.27},{"text":"our","start":2937.27,"end":2937.39},{"text":"continued","start":2937.39,"end":2937.91},{"text":"commitment","start":2937.91,"end":2938.47},{"text":"to","start":2938.47,"end":2938.55},{"text":"this","start":2938.55,"end":2938.79},{"text":"objective.","start":2938.79,"end":2939.47}]},{"text":"I invite all States to co-sponsor and support this resolution.","start":2940.19,"end":2943.79,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":2940.19,"end":2940.35},{"text":"invite","start":2940.35,"end":2940.83},{"text":"all","start":2940.83,"end":2940.99},{"text":"States","start":2940.99,"end":2941.47},{"text":"to","start":2941.47,"end":2941.63},{"text":"co-sponsor","start":2941.63,"end":2942.43},{"text":"and","start":2942.43,"end":2942.59},{"text":"support","start":2942.59,"end":2942.99},{"text":"this","start":2942.99,"end":2943.15},{"text":"resolution.","start":2943.15,"end":2943.79}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"Mr. Chair, voluntary norms, guidelines and TCBMs are also vital in building confidence towards ultimate goal.","start":2944.51,"end":2952.75,"topics":[{"key":"responsible-behavior-norms","label":"Norms, Rules and Confidence-Building Measures","description":"Numerous statements supported developing norms, rules, principles of responsible behaviour, and transparency and confidence-building measures to reduce mistrust, miscalculation and escalation. 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They framed preventing an arms race in outer space as a core international security objective."}],"words":[{"text":"Its","start":3069.11,"end":3069.35},{"text":"Article","start":3069.35,"end":3069.83},{"text":"4,","start":3069.83,"end":3070.31},{"text":"which","start":3070.31,"end":3070.55},{"text":"prohibits","start":3070.55,"end":3071.23},{"text":"the","start":3071.23,"end":3071.35},{"text":"placing","start":3071.35,"end":3071.83},{"text":"of","start":3071.83,"end":3071.99},{"text":"nuclear","start":3072.07,"end":3072.55},{"text":"arms","start":3072.55,"end":3072.87},{"text":"or","start":3072.87,"end":3072.99},{"text":"other","start":3072.99,"end":3073.19},{"text":"weapons","start":3073.19,"end":3073.59},{"text":"of","start":3073.59,"end":3073.67},{"text":"mass","start":3073.67,"end":3073.87},{"text":"destruction,","start":3073.87,"end":3074.63},{"text":"should","start":3074.79,"end":3075.03},{"text":"be","start":3075.03,"end":3075.19},{"text":"fully","start":3075.19,"end":3075.47},{"text":"upheld.","start":3075.47,"end":3075.91}]},{"text":"In 2024, our country co-sponsored, together with the United States and Japan, resolution 79/18, entitled \"Weapons of mass destruction in outer space,\" which was adopted with broad support.","start":3078.63,"end":3093.59,"topics":[{"key":"binding-space-instrument","label":"Legally Binding Space Security Instrument","description":"A major theme was the call for negotiations on a universal, multilaterally negotiated and verifiable legal instrument to prohibit weapons in outer space and attacks against space objects. Several speakers argued that voluntary measures cannot replace binding obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":3078.63,"end":3078.67},{"text":"2024,","start":3078.67,"end":3079.71},{"text":"our","start":3079.71,"end":3079.91},{"text":"country","start":3079.91,"end":3080.39},{"text":"co-sponsored,","start":3080.39,"end":3081.31},{"text":"together","start":3081.31,"end":3081.75},{"text":"with","start":3081.75,"end":3081.87},{"text":"the","start":3081.87,"end":3081.95},{"text":"United","start":3081.95,"end":3082.35},{"text":"States","start":3082.39,"end":3082.71},{"text":"and","start":3082.71,"end":3082.83},{"text":"Japan,","start":3082.83,"end":3083.43},{"text":"resolution","start":3083.83,"end":3084.55},{"text":"79/18,","start":3084.55,"end":3086.47},{"text":"entitled","start":3087.15,"end":3087.91},{"text":"\"Weapons","start":3088.15,"end":3088.59},{"text":"of","start":3088.59,"end":3088.71},{"text":"mass","start":3088.71,"end":3088.99},{"text":"destruction","start":3088.99,"end":3089.67},{"text":"in","start":3089.67,"end":3089.91},{"text":"outer","start":3089.91,"end":3090.23},{"text":"space,\"","start":3090.23,"end":3090.71},{"text":"which","start":3091.47,"end":3091.75},{"text":"was","start":3091.75,"end":3091.99},{"text":"adopted","start":3091.99,"end":3092.55},{"text":"with","start":3092.55,"end":3092.71},{"text":"broad","start":3092.71,"end":3093.03},{"text":"support.","start":3093.03,"end":3093.59}]},{"text":"We reiterate the commitment that space must remain free of nuclear weapons and any other types of weapons of mass destruction.","start":3095.35,"end":3103.03,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-paros","label":"Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space must remain a peaceful domain and warned against its weaponization or transformation into a theatre of conflict. They framed preventing an arms race in outer space as a core international security objective."},{"key":"binding-space-instrument","label":"Legally Binding Space Security Instrument","description":"A major theme was the call for negotiations on a universal, multilaterally negotiated and verifiable legal instrument to prohibit weapons in outer space and attacks against space objects. Several speakers argued that voluntary measures cannot replace binding obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3095.35,"end":3095.75},{"text":"reiterate","start":3095.75,"end":3096.39},{"text":"the","start":3096.63,"end":3096.83},{"text":"commitment","start":3097.03,"end":3097.75},{"text":"that","start":3097.75,"end":3098.07},{"text":"space","start":3098.23,"end":3098.71},{"text":"must","start":3098.71,"end":3098.95},{"text":"remain","start":3098.95,"end":3099.27},{"text":"free","start":3099.27,"end":3099.55},{"text":"of","start":3099.55,"end":3099.67},{"text":"nuclear","start":3099.67,"end":3099.99},{"text":"weapons","start":3099.99,"end":3100.39},{"text":"and","start":3100.39,"end":3100.59},{"text":"any","start":3100.59,"end":3100.87},{"text":"other","start":3100.87,"end":3101.03},{"text":"types","start":3101.03,"end":3101.39},{"text":"of","start":3101.39,"end":3101.51},{"text":"weapons","start":3101.51,"end":3101.99},{"text":"of","start":3101.99,"end":3102.07},{"text":"mass","start":3102.07,"end":3102.47},{"text":"destruction.","start":3102.47,"end":3103.03}]},{"text":"We reiterate our commitment to the Hague Code of Conduct against the proliferation of ballistic missiles and urge states that have not yet done so to accede to this code of conduct.","start":3104.23,"end":3118.79,"topics":[{"key":"responsible-behavior-norms","label":"Norms, Rules and Confidence-Building Measures","description":"Numerous statements supported developing norms, rules, principles of responsible behaviour, and transparency and confidence-building measures to reduce mistrust, miscalculation and escalation. Views differed on emphasis, but many saw these measures as complementary to future legal commitments."},{"key":"counterspace-threats","label":"Counter-Space Weapons and Anti-Satellite Threats","description":"Several speakers highlighted concrete threats such as anti-satellite missiles, destructive direct-ascent ASAT tests, jamming, spoofing, and other counter-space capabilities. These were presented as urgent risks to stability, security and strategic predictability in space."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3104.23,"end":3104.71},{"text":"reiterate","start":3104.71,"end":3105.27},{"text":"our","start":3105.27,"end":3105.51},{"text":"commitment","start":3105.51,"end":3106.43},{"text":"to","start":3106.43,"end":3106.55},{"text":"the","start":3106.63,"end":3106.83},{"text":"Hague","start":3106.83,"end":3107.43},{"text":"Code","start":3107.51,"end":3107.71},{"text":"of","start":3107.71,"end":3107.83},{"text":"Conduct","start":3107.83,"end":3108.43},{"text":"against","start":3108.43,"end":3108.91},{"text":"the","start":3108.91,"end":3108.99},{"text":"proliferation","start":3108.99,"end":3109.75},{"text":"of","start":3109.75,"end":3109.83},{"text":"ballistic","start":3109.83,"end":3110.31},{"text":"missiles","start":3110.31,"end":3110.95},{"text":"and","start":3112.19,"end":3112.39},{"text":"urge","start":3112.47,"end":3113.03},{"text":"states","start":3113.35,"end":3113.71},{"text":"that","start":3113.71,"end":3113.87},{"text":"have","start":3113.87,"end":3113.99},{"text":"not","start":3113.99,"end":3114.11},{"text":"yet","start":3114.15,"end":3114.35},{"text":"done","start":3114.35,"end":3114.63},{"text":"so","start":3114.63,"end":3115.03},{"text":"to","start":3115.03,"end":3115.51},{"text":"accede","start":3116.51,"end":3117.03},{"text":"to","start":3117.03,"end":3117.19},{"text":"this","start":3117.19,"end":3117.75},{"text":"code","start":3118.07,"end":3118.27},{"text":"of","start":3118.27,"end":3118.39},{"text":"conduct.","start":3118.39,"end":3118.79}]},{"text":"At the national level, Argentina continues to develop its space capabilities for peaceful purposes.","start":3120.39,"end":3126.47,"topics":[{"key":"equitable-space-access","label":"Equitable Access and Capacity Building","description":"Many delegations argued that all states, especially developing countries, should benefit from peaceful space activities on a non-discriminatory basis. They called for stronger international cooperation, technology transfer, training, data sharing and capacity building."}],"words":[{"text":"At","start":3120.39,"end":3120.47},{"text":"the","start":3120.47,"end":3120.59},{"text":"national","start":3120.59,"end":3120.99},{"text":"level,","start":3120.99,"end":3121.31},{"text":"Argentina","start":3121.31,"end":3121.91},{"text":"continues","start":3121.91,"end":3122.55},{"text":"to","start":3122.55,"end":3122.63},{"text":"develop","start":3122.63,"end":3123.19},{"text":"its","start":3123.19,"end":3123.43},{"text":"space","start":3123.43,"end":3123.83},{"text":"capabilities","start":3123.99,"end":3124.87},{"text":"for","start":3124.87,"end":3125.11},{"text":"peaceful","start":3125.27,"end":3125.59},{"text":"purposes.","start":3125.59,"end":3126.47}]},{"text":"In addition to the development of nanosatellites, we're continuing to work on the satellite SABYMR for ocean and coastal observation.","start":3126.95,"end":3135.83,"topics":[{"key":"civilian-space-services","label":"Protection of Civilian Space Services","description":"A number of delegations emphasized that societies depend on satellites for communications, navigation, disaster response, banking, climate monitoring and other essential services. They therefore called for stronger protection of civilian and humanitarian space systems from disruption or attack."},{"key":"equitable-space-access","label":"Equitable Access and Capacity Building","description":"Many delegations argued that all states, especially developing countries, should benefit from peaceful space activities on a non-discriminatory basis. They called for stronger international cooperation, technology transfer, training, data sharing and capacity building."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":3126.95,"end":3127.11},{"text":"addition","start":3127.11,"end":3127.51},{"text":"to","start":3127.51,"end":3127.63},{"text":"the","start":3127.63,"end":3127.79},{"text":"development","start":3127.79,"end":3128.35},{"text":"of","start":3128.35,"end":3128.47},{"text":"nanosatellites,","start":3128.47,"end":3129.59},{"text":"we're","start":3129.83,"end":3130.07},{"text":"continuing","start":3130.07,"end":3130.59},{"text":"to","start":3130.59,"end":3130.79},{"text":"work","start":3130.79,"end":3131.11},{"text":"on","start":3131.11,"end":3131.27},{"text":"the","start":3131.27,"end":3131.35},{"text":"satellite","start":3131.35,"end":3131.87},{"text":"SABYMR","start":3131.87,"end":3132.87},{"text":"for","start":3133.75,"end":3133.99},{"text":"ocean","start":3133.99,"end":3134.47},{"text":"and","start":3134.47,"end":3134.59},{"text":"coastal","start":3134.59,"end":3135.03},{"text":"observation.","start":3135.03,"end":3135.83}]},{"text":"Its launch is scheduled for 2027.","start":3135.99,"end":3138.87,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Its","start":3135.99,"end":3136.15},{"text":"launch","start":3136.15,"end":3136.63},{"text":"is","start":3136.63,"end":3137.03},{"text":"scheduled","start":3137.03,"end":3137.59},{"text":"for","start":3137.59,"end":3137.75},{"text":"2027.","start":3137.75,"end":3138.87}]},{"text":"These advances contribute to maritime security, environmental management, and sustainable development in the framework of international cooperation.","start":3140.79,"end":3149.59,"topics":[{"key":"civilian-space-services","label":"Protection of Civilian Space Services","description":"A number of delegations emphasized that societies depend on satellites for communications, navigation, disaster response, banking, climate monitoring and other essential services. 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Speakers warned that harmful activities in orbit could make parts of space unusable for future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"These","start":3140.79,"end":3141.03},{"text":"advances","start":3141.03,"end":3141.55},{"text":"contribute","start":3141.55,"end":3142.19},{"text":"to","start":3142.19,"end":3142.31},{"text":"maritime","start":3142.31,"end":3142.95},{"text":"security,","start":3142.95,"end":3143.83},{"text":"environmental","start":3144.07,"end":3144.79},{"text":"management,","start":3144.79,"end":3145.43},{"text":"and","start":3145.43,"end":3145.55},{"text":"sustainable","start":3145.55,"end":3146.15},{"text":"development","start":3146.15,"end":3146.87},{"text":"in","start":3146.87,"end":3147.43},{"text":"the","start":3147.43,"end":3147.51},{"text":"framework","start":3147.51,"end":3147.95},{"text":"of","start":3147.95,"end":3148.03},{"text":"international","start":3148.03,"end":3148.63},{"text":"cooperation.","start":3148.63,"end":3149.59}]},{"text":"The growing dependence on space-related services and increase of state and non-state actors make it urgent to prevent an arms race.","start":3150.71,"end":3159.83,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-paros","label":"Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space must remain a peaceful domain and warned against its weaponization or transformation into a theatre of conflict. 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They therefore called for stronger protection of civilian and humanitarian space systems from disruption or attack."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":3150.71,"end":3150.87},{"text":"growing","start":3150.87,"end":3151.19},{"text":"dependence","start":3151.19,"end":3151.83},{"text":"on","start":3151.83,"end":3152.15},{"text":"space-related","start":3152.15,"end":3152.95},{"text":"services","start":3152.95,"end":3153.59},{"text":"and","start":3154.63,"end":3154.95},{"text":"increase","start":3154.95,"end":3155.63},{"text":"of","start":3155.63,"end":3155.75},{"text":"state","start":3155.75,"end":3156.15},{"text":"and","start":3156.15,"end":3156.35},{"text":"non-state","start":3156.35,"end":3156.79},{"text":"actors","start":3156.79,"end":3157.43},{"text":"make","start":3157.43,"end":3157.71},{"text":"it","start":3157.71,"end":3157.91},{"text":"urgent","start":3157.91,"end":3158.35},{"text":"to","start":3158.35,"end":3158.43},{"text":"prevent","start":3158.43,"end":3159.03},{"text":"an","start":3159.03,"end":3159.11},{"text":"arms","start":3159.11,"end":3159.35},{"text":"race.","start":3159.35,"end":3159.83}]},{"text":"Our contribution to this is the chairmanship of the open-ended working group on the prevention of an arms race in outer space in Geneva.","start":3162.11,"end":3172.27,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-paros","label":"Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space must remain a peaceful domain and warned against its weaponization or transformation into a theatre of conflict. They framed preventing an arms race in outer space as a core international security objective."}],"words":[{"text":"Our","start":3162.11,"end":3162.19},{"text":"contribution","start":3162.19,"end":3162.91},{"text":"to","start":3162.91,"end":3163.03},{"text":"this","start":3163.03,"end":3163.39},{"text":"is","start":3163.39,"end":3163.71},{"text":"the","start":3163.71,"end":3163.83},{"text":"chairmanship","start":3163.83,"end":3164.59},{"text":"of","start":3164.59,"end":3164.75},{"text":"the","start":3164.75,"end":3164.95},{"text":"open-ended","start":3164.95,"end":3165.79},{"text":"working","start":3165.79,"end":3166.35},{"text":"group","start":3166.35,"end":3166.83},{"text":"on","start":3168.23,"end":3168.35},{"text":"the","start":3168.35,"end":3168.47},{"text":"prevention","start":3168.51,"end":3169.15},{"text":"of","start":3169.15,"end":3169.31},{"text":"an","start":3169.31,"end":3169.39},{"text":"arms","start":3169.39,"end":3169.71},{"text":"race","start":3169.71,"end":3170.11},{"text":"in","start":3170.11,"end":3170.59},{"text":"outer","start":3170.59,"end":3170.83},{"text":"space","start":3170.83,"end":3171.39},{"text":"in","start":3171.39,"end":3171.55},{"text":"Geneva.","start":3171.55,"end":3172.27}]},{"text":"In this context, we value the start of a substantive debate, and we hope to continue working together to reach consensus with the active participation of all stakeholders.","start":3173.87,"end":3186.59,"topics":[{"key":"responsible-behavior-norms","label":"Norms, Rules and Confidence-Building Measures","description":"Numerous statements supported developing norms, rules, principles of responsible behaviour, and transparency and confidence-building measures to reduce mistrust, miscalculation and escalation. Views differed on emphasis, but many saw these measures as complementary to future legal commitments."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":3173.87,"end":3174.03},{"text":"this","start":3174.03,"end":3174.19},{"text":"context,","start":3174.19,"end":3174.75},{"text":"we","start":3174.75,"end":3174.87},{"text":"value","start":3174.87,"end":3175.39},{"text":"the","start":3175.39,"end":3175.59},{"text":"start","start":3175.95,"end":3176.43},{"text":"of","start":3176.43,"end":3176.55},{"text":"a","start":3176.55,"end":3176.59},{"text":"substantive","start":3176.59,"end":3177.23},{"text":"debate,","start":3177.23,"end":3177.79},{"text":"and","start":3177.79,"end":3177.99},{"text":"we","start":3177.99,"end":3178.11},{"text":"hope","start":3178.11,"end":3178.39},{"text":"to","start":3178.39,"end":3178.51},{"text":"continue","start":3178.51,"end":3179.87},{"text":"working","start":3180.43,"end":3180.83},{"text":"together","start":3180.83,"end":3181.47},{"text":"to","start":3181.95,"end":3182.19},{"text":"reach","start":3182.59,"end":3182.83},{"text":"consensus","start":3182.83,"end":3183.79},{"text":"with","start":3183.95,"end":3184.07},{"text":"the","start":3184.07,"end":3184.15},{"text":"active","start":3184.15,"end":3184.59},{"text":"participation","start":3184.59,"end":3185.47},{"text":"of","start":3185.47,"end":3185.63},{"text":"all","start":3185.63,"end":3185.87},{"text":"stakeholders.","start":3185.87,"end":3186.59}]},{"text":"Mr. President, Argentina is convinced that outer space must be used for the benefit of all of humanity and exclusively for peaceful purposes.","start":3189.07,"end":3198.43,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-paros","label":"Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space must remain a peaceful domain and warned against its weaponization or transformation into a theatre of conflict. They framed preventing an arms race in outer space as a core international security objective."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":3189.07,"end":3189.47},{"text":"President,","start":3189.47,"end":3189.95},{"text":"Argentina","start":3189.95,"end":3190.63},{"text":"is","start":3190.63,"end":3190.75},{"text":"convinced","start":3190.75,"end":3191.39},{"text":"that","start":3191.71,"end":3192.11},{"text":"outer","start":3192.11,"end":3192.35},{"text":"space","start":3192.35,"end":3192.83},{"text":"must","start":3192.83,"end":3193.31},{"text":"be","start":3193.31,"end":3193.55},{"text":"used","start":3193.55,"end":3193.83},{"text":"for","start":3193.83,"end":3193.95},{"text":"the","start":3193.95,"end":3194.11},{"text":"benefit","start":3194.11,"end":3194.59},{"text":"of","start":3194.59,"end":3194.75},{"text":"all","start":3194.75,"end":3194.95},{"text":"of","start":3194.95,"end":3195.07},{"text":"humanity","start":3195.07,"end":3195.79},{"text":"and","start":3196.03,"end":3196.39},{"text":"exclusively","start":3196.39,"end":3197.15},{"text":"for","start":3197.15,"end":3197.31},{"text":"peaceful","start":3197.31,"end":3197.71},{"text":"purposes.","start":3197.71,"end":3198.43}]},{"text":"We will continue working constructively towards this objective.","start":3198.43,"end":3202.19,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3198.43,"end":3198.59},{"text":"will","start":3198.59,"end":3198.75},{"text":"continue","start":3198.75,"end":3199.23},{"text":"working","start":3199.23,"end":3199.71},{"text":"constructively","start":3199.71,"end":3200.59},{"text":"towards","start":3200.91,"end":3201.35},{"text":"this","start":3201.35,"end":3201.63},{"text":"objective.","start":3201.63,"end":3202.19}]},{"text":"Thank you.","start":3202.59,"end":3202.99,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":3202.59,"end":3202.91},{"text":"you.","start":3202.91,"end":3202.99}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"ARG","group":null,"function":null,"affiliation_full":"Argentina"}},{"statement_number":33,"start":3205.95,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c1/81/15?lang=en&t=53:26","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of Argentina.","start":3205.95,"end":3209.67,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":3205.95,"end":3206.11},{"text":"thank","start":3206.43,"end":3206.83},{"text":"the","start":3206.83,"end":3207.03},{"text":"distinguished","start":3207.15,"end":3207.87},{"text":"representative","start":3207.87,"end":3208.59},{"text":"of","start":3208.59,"end":3208.75},{"text":"Argentina.","start":3208.79,"end":3209.67}]},{"text":"Now I give the floor to the distinguished representative of China.","start":3209.67,"end":3213.07,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Now","start":3209.67,"end":3209.75},{"text":"I","start":3209.79,"end":3209.95},{"text":"give","start":3209.95,"end":3210.19},{"text":"the","start":3210.19,"end":3210.35},{"text":"floor","start":3210.35,"end":3210.59},{"text":"to","start":3210.59,"end":3210.67},{"text":"the","start":3210.67,"end":3210.83},{"text":"distinguished","start":3210.83,"end":3211.39},{"text":"representative","start":3211.39,"end":3212.27},{"text":"of","start":3212.51,"end":3212.67},{"text":"China.","start":3212.67,"end":3213.07}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"1st Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair","affiliation_full":"1st Committee"}},{"statement_number":34,"start":3219.91,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c1/81/15?lang=en&t=53:40","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Mr. Chair.","start":3219.91,"end":3220.71,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":3219.91,"end":3220.11},{"text":"you,","start":3220.11,"end":3220.19},{"text":"Mr.","start":3220.19,"end":3220.43},{"text":"Chair.","start":3220.43,"end":3220.71}]},{"text":"The weaponization of and an arms race in outer space have become a real threat.","start":3222.39,"end":3227.43,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-paros","label":"Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space must remain a peaceful domain and warned against its weaponization or transformation into a theatre of conflict. 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These were presented as urgent risks to stability, security and strategic predictability in space."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":3222.39,"end":3222.51},{"text":"weaponization","start":3222.51,"end":3223.43},{"text":"of","start":3223.51,"end":3223.83},{"text":"and","start":3223.83,"end":3224.15},{"text":"an","start":3224.15,"end":3224.31},{"text":"arms","start":3224.31,"end":3224.55},{"text":"race","start":3224.55,"end":3225.19},{"text":"in","start":3225.43,"end":3225.75},{"text":"outer","start":3225.75,"end":3225.95},{"text":"space","start":3225.95,"end":3226.23},{"text":"have","start":3226.23,"end":3226.39},{"text":"become","start":3226.39,"end":3226.67},{"text":"a","start":3226.67,"end":3226.71},{"text":"real","start":3226.71,"end":3226.95},{"text":"threat.","start":3226.95,"end":3227.43}]},{"text":"The United States has defined the outer space as a war-fighting domain and openly acknowledged the deployment of space control weapons on orbit, sending an extremely dangerous signal to the international community.","start":3227.67,"end":3238.87,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-paros","label":"Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space must remain a peaceful domain and warned against its weaponization or transformation into a theatre of conflict. 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Several speakers argued that voluntary measures cannot replace binding obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"Facts","start":3284.27,"end":3284.67},{"text":"have","start":3284.67,"end":3284.91},{"text":"proven","start":3284.91,"end":3285.23},{"text":"that","start":3285.23,"end":3285.47},{"text":"voluntary","start":3285.47,"end":3285.95},{"text":"measures","start":3285.95,"end":3286.43},{"text":"cannot","start":3286.43,"end":3286.83},{"text":"stop","start":3286.83,"end":3287.23},{"text":"the","start":3287.23,"end":3287.31},{"text":"organization","start":3287.31,"end":3287.87},{"text":"of","start":3287.87,"end":3287.99},{"text":"outer","start":3287.99,"end":3288.19},{"text":"space.","start":3288.19,"end":3288.47}]},{"text":"The PPWT draft proposed by China and Russia is currently the only proposal on table for a legally binding instrument on outer space arms control.","start":3288.47,"end":3298.59,"topics":[{"key":"binding-space-instrument","label":"Legally Binding Space Security Instrument","description":"A major theme was the call for negotiations on a universal, multilaterally negotiated and verifiable legal instrument to prohibit weapons in outer space and attacks against space objects. Several speakers argued that voluntary measures cannot replace binding obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":3288.47,"end":3288.55},{"text":"PPWT","start":3288.67,"end":3289.55},{"text":"draft","start":3289.87,"end":3290.27},{"text":"proposed","start":3290.27,"end":3290.59},{"text":"by","start":3290.59,"end":3290.75},{"text":"China","start":3290.75,"end":3291.07},{"text":"and","start":3291.07,"end":3291.31},{"text":"Russia","start":3291.31,"end":3291.63},{"text":"is","start":3291.63,"end":3291.87},{"text":"currently","start":3291.87,"end":3292.31},{"text":"the","start":3292.31,"end":3292.39},{"text":"only","start":3292.39,"end":3292.59},{"text":"proposal","start":3292.59,"end":3293.03},{"text":"on","start":3293.03,"end":3293.15},{"text":"table","start":3293.15,"end":3293.47},{"text":"for","start":3293.47,"end":3293.71},{"text":"a","start":3293.71,"end":3293.75},{"text":"legally","start":3293.75,"end":3294.07},{"text":"binding","start":3294.07,"end":3294.39},{"text":"instrument","start":3294.39,"end":3294.91},{"text":"on","start":3295.15,"end":3295.31},{"text":"outer","start":3295.35,"end":3295.51},{"text":"space","start":3295.71,"end":3296.43},{"text":"arms","start":3297.79,"end":3298.03},{"text":"control.","start":3298.03,"end":3298.59}]},{"text":"We welcome all parties' efforts to discuss and refine the BBWT text, make good use of the report of GGE and OEWG, and contribute more substantive elements to the legally binding instrument on outer space arms control.","start":3301.31,"end":3322.71,"topics":[{"key":"binding-space-instrument","label":"Legally Binding Space Security Instrument","description":"A major theme was the call for negotiations on a universal, multilaterally negotiated and verifiable legal instrument to prohibit weapons in outer space and attacks against space objects. Several speakers argued that voluntary measures cannot replace binding obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3301.31,"end":3301.87},{"text":"welcome","start":3302.11,"end":3302.83},{"text":"all","start":3303.95,"end":3304.03},{"text":"parties'","start":3304.03,"end":3304.35},{"text":"efforts","start":3304.35,"end":3304.83},{"text":"to","start":3304.83,"end":3305.23},{"text":"discuss","start":3305.23,"end":3305.71},{"text":"and","start":3305.71,"end":3305.87},{"text":"refine","start":3305.87,"end":3306.27},{"text":"the","start":3306.27,"end":3306.35},{"text":"BBWT","start":3306.35,"end":3307.63},{"text":"text,","start":3307.63,"end":3308.83},{"text":"make","start":3308.91,"end":3309.23},{"text":"good","start":3309.71,"end":3309.91},{"text":"use","start":3309.91,"end":3310.27},{"text":"of","start":3310.27,"end":3310.43},{"text":"the","start":3310.43,"end":3310.55},{"text":"report","start":3310.55,"end":3310.99},{"text":"of","start":3310.99,"end":3311.15},{"text":"GGE","start":3311.15,"end":3311.71},{"text":"and","start":3312.27,"end":3312.67},{"text":"OEWG,","start":3312.67,"end":3313.71},{"text":"and","start":3316.03,"end":3316.35},{"text":"contribute","start":3316.99,"end":3317.43},{"text":"more","start":3317.43,"end":3317.59},{"text":"substantive","start":3317.59,"end":3318.27},{"text":"elements","start":3318.79,"end":3319.27},{"text":"to","start":3319.43,"end":3319.59},{"text":"the","start":3319.59,"end":3319.71},{"text":"legally","start":3319.71,"end":3319.99},{"text":"binding","start":3319.99,"end":3320.55},{"text":"instrument","start":3320.63,"end":3321.27},{"text":"on","start":3321.35,"end":3321.59},{"text":"outer","start":3321.59,"end":3321.83},{"text":"space","start":3321.83,"end":3322.07},{"text":"arms","start":3322.07,"end":3322.23},{"text":"control.","start":3322.23,"end":3322.71}]},{"text":"Third, we must uphold multilateral consultations and oppose double standards.","start":3323.11,"end":3327.51,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Third,","start":3323.11,"end":3323.51},{"text":"we","start":3323.67,"end":3323.87},{"text":"must","start":3323.87,"end":3324.15},{"text":"uphold","start":3324.15,"end":3324.63},{"text":"multilateral","start":3324.63,"end":3325.43},{"text":"consultations","start":3325.51,"end":3326.23},{"text":"and","start":3326.23,"end":3326.39},{"text":"oppose","start":3326.39,"end":3326.71},{"text":"double","start":3326.71,"end":3326.95},{"text":"standards.","start":3326.95,"end":3327.51}]},{"text":"Rules for outer space should be jointly developed by all countries.","start":3328.15,"end":3331.67,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-law","label":"International Law and the Outer Space Treaty","description":"Delegations repeatedly referred to the 1967 Outer Space Treaty, the UN Charter, and in some cases international humanitarian law, as the foundation of space governance. Speakers emphasized compliance with existing law while some also called for the legal framework to be updated or strengthened."},{"key":"equitable-space-access","label":"Equitable Access and Capacity Building","description":"Many delegations argued that all states, especially developing countries, should benefit from peaceful space activities on a non-discriminatory basis. They called for stronger international cooperation, technology transfer, training, data sharing and capacity building."}],"words":[{"text":"Rules","start":3328.15,"end":3328.55},{"text":"for","start":3328.55,"end":3328.79},{"text":"outer","start":3328.79,"end":3329.03},{"text":"space","start":3329.03,"end":3329.43},{"text":"should","start":3329.59,"end":3329.79},{"text":"be","start":3329.79,"end":3329.91},{"text":"jointly","start":3329.91,"end":3330.23},{"text":"developed","start":3330.23,"end":3330.71},{"text":"by","start":3330.71,"end":3330.87},{"text":"all","start":3330.87,"end":3331.03},{"text":"countries.","start":3331.03,"end":3331.67}]},{"text":"We must not create small cliques or exclusive arrangements.","start":3332.15,"end":3335.75,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3332.15,"end":3332.39},{"text":"must","start":3332.39,"end":3332.63},{"text":"not","start":3332.63,"end":3332.87},{"text":"create","start":3332.87,"end":3333.19},{"text":"small","start":3333.19,"end":3333.59},{"text":"cliques","start":3333.59,"end":3334.15},{"text":"or","start":3334.15,"end":3334.47},{"text":"exclusive","start":3334.47,"end":3335.11},{"text":"arrangements.","start":3335.11,"end":3335.75}]},{"text":"We should also actively promote international cooperation on the peaceful use of outer space.","start":3336.07,"end":3340.55,"topics":[{"key":"equitable-space-access","label":"Equitable Access and Capacity Building","description":"Many delegations argued that all states, especially developing countries, should benefit from peaceful space activities on a non-discriminatory basis. They called for stronger international cooperation, technology transfer, training, data sharing and capacity building."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3336.07,"end":3336.27},{"text":"should","start":3336.27,"end":3336.39},{"text":"also","start":3336.39,"end":3336.67},{"text":"actively","start":3336.87,"end":3337.27},{"text":"promote","start":3337.27,"end":3337.67},{"text":"international","start":3337.67,"end":3338.23},{"text":"cooperation","start":3338.23,"end":3338.87},{"text":"on","start":3338.87,"end":3338.95},{"text":"the","start":3338.95,"end":3339.03},{"text":"peaceful","start":3339.03,"end":3339.35},{"text":"use","start":3339.35,"end":3339.67},{"text":"of","start":3339.67,"end":3339.83},{"text":"outer","start":3339.83,"end":3340.07},{"text":"space.","start":3340.07,"end":3340.55}]},{"text":"Selective arms control, while turning blind eyes to the deployment of weapons in orbit are not conducive for safeguarding the peace and security in outer space.","start":3341.19,"end":3351.87,"topics":[{"key":"binding-space-instrument","label":"Legally Binding Space Security Instrument","description":"A major theme was the call for negotiations on a universal, multilaterally negotiated and verifiable legal instrument to prohibit weapons in outer space and attacks against space objects. Several speakers argued that voluntary measures cannot replace binding obligations."},{"key":"outer-space-paros","label":"Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space must remain a peaceful domain and warned against its weaponization or transformation into a theatre of conflict. They framed preventing an arms race in outer space as a core international security objective."}],"words":[{"text":"Selective","start":3341.19,"end":3341.83},{"text":"arms","start":3341.83,"end":3342.07},{"text":"control,","start":3342.07,"end":3342.63},{"text":"while","start":3342.91,"end":3343.19},{"text":"turning","start":3343.19,"end":3343.59},{"text":"blind","start":3343.59,"end":3343.91},{"text":"eyes","start":3343.91,"end":3344.31},{"text":"to","start":3344.91,"end":3345.23},{"text":"the","start":3345.23,"end":3345.43},{"text":"deployment","start":3345.47,"end":3346.03},{"text":"of","start":3346.03,"end":3346.19},{"text":"weapons","start":3346.19,"end":3346.67},{"text":"in","start":3346.75,"end":3346.91},{"text":"orbit","start":3346.91,"end":3347.55},{"text":"are","start":3347.79,"end":3347.95},{"text":"not","start":3347.95,"end":3348.27},{"text":"conducive","start":3348.27,"end":3348.99},{"text":"for","start":3349.23,"end":3349.47},{"text":"safeguarding","start":3349.47,"end":3350.03},{"text":"the","start":3350.03,"end":3350.15},{"text":"peace","start":3350.15,"end":3350.43},{"text":"and","start":3350.43,"end":3350.59},{"text":"security","start":3350.59,"end":3351.11},{"text":"in","start":3351.11,"end":3351.23},{"text":"outer","start":3351.23,"end":3351.39},{"text":"space.","start":3351.39,"end":3351.87}]},{"text":"Fourth, governance on emerging issues must be prioritized.","start":3352.43,"end":3356.83,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Fourth,","start":3352.43,"end":3352.83},{"text":"governance","start":3353.31,"end":3353.79},{"text":"on","start":3353.79,"end":3353.91},{"text":"emerging","start":3353.91,"end":3354.43},{"text":"issues","start":3354.75,"end":3355.23},{"text":"must","start":3355.23,"end":3355.47},{"text":"be","start":3355.47,"end":3355.79},{"text":"prioritized.","start":3356.03,"end":3356.83}]},{"text":"We need to conduct in-depth research into the legal disputes and practical problems arising from the commercial aerospace actors intervening in armed conflicts of other states and put forward viable governance solutions based on extensive consultations.","start":3356.91,"end":3371.79,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-law","label":"International Law and the Outer Space Treaty","description":"Delegations repeatedly referred to the 1967 Outer Space Treaty, the UN Charter, and in some cases international humanitarian law, as the foundation of space governance. 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Several speakers argued that voluntary measures cannot replace binding 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you, Mr. Chair.","start":3371.87,"end":3372.67,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":3371.87,"end":3372.07},{"text":"you,","start":3372.07,"end":3372.15},{"text":"Mr.","start":3372.15,"end":3372.51},{"text":"Chair.","start":3372.51,"end":3372.67}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"CHN","group":null,"function":null,"affiliation_full":"China"}},{"statement_number":35,"start":3374.79,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c1/81/15?lang=en&t=56:15","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of China.","start":3374.79,"end":3377.27,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":3374.79,"end":3375.03},{"text":"thank","start":3375.03,"end":3375.43},{"text":"the","start":3375.43,"end":3375.55},{"text":"distinguished","start":3375.55,"end":3376.15},{"text":"representative","start":3376.15,"end":3376.87},{"text":"of","start":3376.87,"end":3376.95},{"text":"China.","start":3376.95,"end":3377.27}]},{"text":"Now I give the floor to the distinguished permanent representative of Namibia.","start":3377.27,"end":3381.51,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Now","start":3377.27,"end":3377.51},{"text":"I","start":3377.51,"end":3377.67},{"text":"give","start":3377.67,"end":3377.91},{"text":"the","start":3377.91,"end":3378.03},{"text":"floor","start":3378.03,"end":3378.31},{"text":"to","start":3378.31,"end":3378.39},{"text":"the","start":3378.39,"end":3378.55},{"text":"distinguished","start":3378.55,"end":3379.27},{"text":"permanent","start":3379.27,"end":3379.71},{"text":"representative","start":3379.75,"end":3380.55},{"text":"of","start":3380.55,"end":3380.87},{"text":"Namibia.","start":3380.87,"end":3381.51}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"1st Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair","affiliation_full":"1st Committee"}},{"statement_number":36,"start":3385.43,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c1/81/15?lang=en&t=56:26","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Mr. Chair.","start":3385.43,"end":3386.39,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":3385.43,"end":3385.67},{"text":"you,","start":3385.67,"end":3385.83},{"text":"Mr.","start":3385.83,"end":3386.07},{"text":"Chair.","start":3386.07,"end":3386.39}]},{"text":"Namibia aligns itself with the statements delivered on behalf of the Non-Aligned Movement and the African Group.","start":3387.03,"end":3391.91,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Namibia","start":3387.03,"end":3387.55},{"text":"aligns","start":3387.55,"end":3387.83},{"text":"itself","start":3387.83,"end":3388.23},{"text":"with","start":3388.23,"end":3388.35},{"text":"the","start":3388.35,"end":3388.43},{"text":"statements","start":3388.43,"end":3388.87},{"text":"delivered","start":3388.87,"end":3389.27},{"text":"on","start":3389.27,"end":3389.43},{"text":"behalf","start":3389.43,"end":3389.75},{"text":"of","start":3389.75,"end":3389.83},{"text":"the","start":3389.83,"end":3389.95},{"text":"Non-Aligned","start":3389.95,"end":3390.43},{"text":"Movement","start":3390.43,"end":3390.95},{"text":"and","start":3391.03,"end":3391.23},{"text":"the","start":3391.23,"end":3391.31},{"text":"African","start":3391.31,"end":3391.59},{"text":"Group.","start":3391.59,"end":3391.91}]},{"text":"We thank you for your stewardship at a moment when the aspiration to a peaceful use of outer space is facing unprecedented strain.","start":3392.47,"end":3400.07,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-paros","label":"Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space must remain a peaceful domain and warned against its weaponization or transformation into a theatre of conflict. They framed preventing an arms race in outer space as a core international security objective."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3392.47,"end":3392.71},{"text":"thank","start":3392.71,"end":3392.91},{"text":"you","start":3392.91,"end":3393.03},{"text":"for","start":3393.03,"end":3393.15},{"text":"your","start":3393.15,"end":3393.27},{"text":"stewardship","start":3393.27,"end":3393.83},{"text":"at","start":3394.11,"end":3394.23},{"text":"a","start":3394.23,"end":3394.27},{"text":"moment","start":3394.27,"end":3394.79},{"text":"when","start":3395.07,"end":3395.31},{"text":"the","start":3395.31,"end":3395.39},{"text":"aspiration","start":3395.39,"end":3396.15},{"text":"to","start":3396.47,"end":3396.59},{"text":"a","start":3396.71,"end":3396.75},{"text":"peaceful","start":3396.75,"end":3397.19},{"text":"use","start":3397.19,"end":3397.39},{"text":"of","start":3397.39,"end":3397.51},{"text":"outer","start":3397.51,"end":3397.75},{"text":"space","start":3397.75,"end":3398.15},{"text":"is","start":3398.15,"end":3398.31},{"text":"facing","start":3398.31,"end":3398.71},{"text":"unprecedented","start":3398.71,"end":3399.59},{"text":"strain.","start":3399.59,"end":3400.07}]},{"text":"With significant advances in technology, outer space has become indispensable to sustainable development climate monitoring, disaster management, agriculture, connectivity, and the daily functioning of modern societies.","start":3401.11,"end":3415.47,"topics":[{"key":"civilian-space-services","label":"Protection of Civilian Space Services","description":"A number of delegations emphasized that societies depend on satellites for communications, navigation, disaster response, banking, climate monitoring and other essential services. 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They called for stronger international cooperation, technology transfer, training, data sharing and capacity building."}],"words":[{"text":"For","start":3415.95,"end":3416.07},{"text":"developing","start":3416.07,"end":3416.59},{"text":"countries","start":3416.67,"end":3417.31},{"text":"like","start":3417.31,"end":3417.55},{"text":"Namibia,","start":3417.55,"end":3418.03},{"text":"space-based","start":3419.95,"end":3420.55},{"text":"technologies","start":3420.55,"end":3421.23},{"text":"are","start":3421.23,"end":3421.39},{"text":"critical","start":3421.39,"end":3421.87},{"text":"tools","start":3421.87,"end":3422.27},{"text":"for","start":3422.51,"end":3422.67},{"text":"achieving","start":3422.67,"end":3423.15},{"text":"the","start":3423.15,"end":3423.35},{"text":"sustainable","start":3423.35,"end":3423.87},{"text":"development","start":3423.87,"end":3424.35},{"text":"goals","start":3424.35,"end":3424.67},{"text":"and","start":3424.91,"end":3425.11},{"text":"strengthening","start":3425.11,"end":3425.71},{"text":"resilience.","start":3425.71,"end":3426.35}]},{"text":"Yet, the very domain that supports global progress is increasingly threatened by the accelerating militarization of outer space Namibia is deeply concerned by the growing number of military doctrines, capabilities, and activities that risk transforming outer space into a theater of conflict.","start":3426.83,"end":3446.47,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-paros","label":"Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space must remain a peaceful domain and warned against its weaponization or transformation into a theatre of conflict. 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These were presented as urgent risks to stability, security and strategic predictability in space."}],"words":[{"text":"Yet,","start":3426.83,"end":3427.23},{"text":"the","start":3427.71,"end":3427.91},{"text":"very","start":3427.91,"end":3428.15},{"text":"domain","start":3428.15,"end":3428.67},{"text":"that","start":3428.83,"end":3429.15},{"text":"supports","start":3429.15,"end":3429.59},{"text":"global","start":3429.59,"end":3429.95},{"text":"progress","start":3429.95,"end":3430.59},{"text":"is","start":3430.75,"end":3430.91},{"text":"increasingly","start":3430.91,"end":3431.55},{"text":"threatened","start":3431.55,"end":3432.11},{"text":"by","start":3432.43,"end":3432.75},{"text":"the","start":3432.75,"end":3432.87},{"text":"accelerating","start":3432.99,"end":3433.87},{"text":"militarization","start":3434.27,"end":3435.15},{"text":"of","start":3435.15,"end":3435.31},{"text":"outer","start":3435.31,"end":3435.55},{"text":"space","start":3435.55,"end":3435.95},{"text":"Namibia","start":3436.51,"end":3436.87},{"text":"is","start":3436.87,"end":3437.11},{"text":"deeply","start":3437.11,"end":3437.35},{"text":"concerned","start":3437.35,"end":3437.99},{"text":"by","start":3438.23,"end":3438.47},{"text":"the","start":3438.47,"end":3438.63},{"text":"growing","start":3438.63,"end":3439.03},{"text":"number","start":3439.03,"end":3439.39},{"text":"of","start":3439.39,"end":3439.51},{"text":"military","start":3439.51,"end":3439.99},{"text":"doctrines,","start":3439.99,"end":3440.71},{"text":"capabilities,","start":3440.95,"end":3441.83},{"text":"and","start":3442.07,"end":3442.39},{"text":"activities","start":3442.39,"end":3442.99},{"text":"that","start":3442.99,"end":3443.19},{"text":"risk","start":3443.19,"end":3443.51},{"text":"transforming","start":3443.51,"end":3444.15},{"text":"outer","start":3444.15,"end":3444.39},{"text":"space","start":3444.39,"end":3444.79},{"text":"into","start":3445.03,"end":3445.31},{"text":"a","start":3445.31,"end":3445.35},{"text":"theater","start":3445.35,"end":3445.79},{"text":"of","start":3445.79,"end":3445.91},{"text":"conflict.","start":3445.91,"end":3446.47}]},{"text":"The testing of destructive anti-satellite weapons and development of outer space capabilities and the absence of legally binding norms to prevent the arms race in outer space undermine international peace and security.","start":3446.95,"end":3462.39,"topics":[{"key":"counterspace-threats","label":"Counter-Space Weapons and Anti-Satellite Threats","description":"Several speakers highlighted concrete threats such as anti-satellite missiles, destructive direct-ascent ASAT tests, jamming, spoofing, and other counter-space capabilities. 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Several speakers argued that voluntary measures cannot replace binding obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":3446.95,"end":3447.07},{"text":"testing","start":3447.07,"end":3447.55},{"text":"of","start":3447.55,"end":3447.75},{"text":"destructive","start":3447.75,"end":3448.55},{"text":"anti-satellite","start":3448.55,"end":3449.91},{"text":"weapons","start":3449.91,"end":3450.39},{"text":"and","start":3450.83,"end":3450.99},{"text":"development","start":3450.99,"end":3451.55},{"text":"of","start":3451.55,"end":3451.75},{"text":"outer","start":3451.75,"end":3451.99},{"text":"space","start":3451.99,"end":3452.47},{"text":"capabilities","start":3452.79,"end":3453.67},{"text":"and","start":3453.95,"end":3454.11},{"text":"the","start":3454.11,"end":3454.19},{"text":"absence","start":3454.19,"end":3454.59},{"text":"of","start":3454.59,"end":3454.71},{"text":"legally","start":3454.71,"end":3455.03},{"text":"binding","start":3455.03,"end":3455.43},{"text":"norms","start":3455.43,"end":3455.83},{"text":"to","start":3456.15,"end":3456.23},{"text":"prevent","start":3456.23,"end":3456.71},{"text":"the","start":3456.71,"end":3456.83},{"text":"arms","start":3456.87,"end":3457.11},{"text":"race","start":3457.11,"end":3457.43},{"text":"in","start":3457.43,"end":3457.55},{"text":"outer","start":3457.55,"end":3457.75},{"text":"space","start":3457.75,"end":3458.23},{"text":"undermine","start":3458.55,"end":3459.67},{"text":"international","start":3460.31,"end":3461.03},{"text":"peace","start":3461.03,"end":3461.67},{"text":"and","start":3461.67,"end":3461.83},{"text":"security.","start":3461.83,"end":3462.39}]},{"text":"These actions jeopardize the long-term sustainability of outer space and place all nations at heightened risk.","start":3463.31,"end":3470.27,"topics":[{"key":"space-sustainability","label":"Space Sustainability and Debris","description":"Long-term sustainability of the space environment emerged as a recurring concern, especially regarding debris, large satellite constellations, uncontrolled re-entries and space traffic. Speakers warned that harmful activities in orbit could make parts of space unusable for future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"These","start":3463.31,"end":3463.55},{"text":"actions","start":3463.55,"end":3463.95},{"text":"jeopardize","start":3463.95,"end":3464.51},{"text":"the","start":3464.51,"end":3464.67},{"text":"long-term","start":3464.67,"end":3465.31},{"text":"sustainability","start":3465.31,"end":3466.19},{"text":"of","start":3466.19,"end":3466.39},{"text":"outer","start":3466.39,"end":3466.63},{"text":"space","start":3466.63,"end":3467.07},{"text":"and","start":3467.43,"end":3467.67},{"text":"place","start":3467.67,"end":3468.03},{"text":"all","start":3468.03,"end":3468.27},{"text":"nations","start":3468.27,"end":3468.83},{"text":"at","start":3468.83,"end":3469.47},{"text":"heightened","start":3469.47,"end":3469.87},{"text":"risk.","start":3469.87,"end":3470.27}]},{"text":"NABARI affirms that outer space must remain a domain used exclusively for peaceful purposes.","start":3471.47,"end":3478.83,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-paros","label":"Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space must remain a peaceful domain and warned against its weaponization or transformation into a theatre of conflict. They framed preventing an arms race in outer space as a core international security objective."}],"words":[{"text":"NABARI","start":3471.47,"end":3472.35},{"text":"affirms","start":3472.35,"end":3472.59},{"text":"that","start":3472.59,"end":3472.91},{"text":"outer","start":3472.91,"end":3473.15},{"text":"space","start":3473.15,"end":3473.63},{"text":"must","start":3473.95,"end":3474.27},{"text":"remain","start":3474.27,"end":3474.67},{"text":"a","start":3474.67,"end":3474.71},{"text":"domain","start":3474.71,"end":3475.23},{"text":"used","start":3475.87,"end":3476.27},{"text":"exclusively","start":3476.27,"end":3477.15},{"text":"for","start":3477.31,"end":3477.55},{"text":"peaceful","start":3477.63,"end":3478.11},{"text":"purposes.","start":3478.11,"end":3478.83}]},{"text":"We call for the negotiations of an international legally binding instrument to prevent this dangerous trend, prohibiting the placement of any weapon in outer space and strengthening transparency and confidence-building measures.","start":3479.47,"end":3493.11,"topics":[{"key":"binding-space-instrument","label":"Legally Binding Space Security Instrument","description":"A major theme was the call for negotiations on a universal, multilaterally negotiated and verifiable legal instrument to prohibit weapons in outer space and attacks against space objects. Several speakers argued that voluntary measures cannot replace binding obligations."},{"key":"responsible-behavior-norms","label":"Norms, Rules and Confidence-Building Measures","description":"Numerous statements supported developing norms, rules, principles of responsible behaviour, and transparency and confidence-building measures to reduce mistrust, miscalculation and escalation. Views differed on emphasis, but many saw these measures as complementary to future legal commitments."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3479.47,"end":3479.71},{"text":"call","start":3479.71,"end":3479.95},{"text":"for","start":3479.95,"end":3480.11},{"text":"the","start":3480.11,"end":3480.23},{"text":"negotiations","start":3480.23,"end":3480.99},{"text":"of","start":3481.43,"end":3481.59},{"text":"an","start":3481.59,"end":3481.75},{"text":"international","start":3481.75,"end":3482.27},{"text":"legally","start":3482.27,"end":3482.55},{"text":"binding","start":3482.55,"end":3482.95},{"text":"instrument","start":3482.95,"end":3483.55},{"text":"to","start":3483.55,"end":3483.63},{"text":"prevent","start":3483.63,"end":3484.23},{"text":"this","start":3484.47,"end":3484.71},{"text":"dangerous","start":3484.71,"end":3485.19},{"text":"trend,","start":3485.19,"end":3485.59},{"text":"prohibiting","start":3485.83,"end":3486.55},{"text":"the","start":3486.87,"end":3486.99},{"text":"placement","start":3486.99,"end":3487.59},{"text":"of","start":3487.59,"end":3487.75},{"text":"any","start":3487.75,"end":3488.07},{"text":"weapon","start":3488.07,"end":3488.47},{"text":"in","start":3488.47,"end":3488.63},{"text":"outer","start":3488.63,"end":3488.87},{"text":"space","start":3488.87,"end":3489.27},{"text":"and","start":3489.55,"end":3489.71},{"text":"strengthening","start":3489.71,"end":3490.31},{"text":"transparency","start":3490.31,"end":3491.19},{"text":"and","start":3491.43,"end":3491.59},{"text":"confidence-building","start":3491.59,"end":3492.63},{"text":"measures.","start":3492.63,"end":3493.11}]},{"text":"The current reliance on voluntary guidelines is insufficient in the face of rapidly evolving threats.","start":3493.43,"end":3501.51,"topics":[{"key":"responsible-behavior-norms","label":"Norms, Rules and Confidence-Building Measures","description":"Numerous statements supported developing norms, rules, principles of responsible behaviour, and transparency and confidence-building measures to reduce mistrust, miscalculation and escalation. Views differed on emphasis, but many saw these measures as complementary to future legal commitments."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":3493.43,"end":3493.63},{"text":"current","start":3493.63,"end":3494.23},{"text":"reliance","start":3494.23,"end":3494.79},{"text":"on","start":3495.11,"end":3495.27},{"text":"voluntary","start":3495.27,"end":3495.75},{"text":"guidelines","start":3495.75,"end":3496.71},{"text":"is","start":3496.79,"end":3496.95},{"text":"insufficient","start":3496.95,"end":3497.75},{"text":"in","start":3498.15,"end":3498.47},{"text":"the","start":3498.95,"end":3499.15},{"text":"face","start":3499.15,"end":3499.51},{"text":"of","start":3499.51,"end":3499.75},{"text":"rapidly","start":3499.75,"end":3500.31},{"text":"evolving","start":3500.39,"end":3501.03},{"text":"threats.","start":3501.03,"end":3501.51}]},{"text":"We also stress the importance of equitable access to outer space.","start":3502.47,"end":3507.11,"topics":[{"key":"equitable-space-access","label":"Equitable Access and Capacity Building","description":"Many delegations argued that all states, especially developing countries, should benefit from peaceful space activities on a non-discriminatory basis. They called for stronger international cooperation, technology transfer, training, data sharing and capacity building."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3502.47,"end":3502.67},{"text":"also","start":3502.67,"end":3503.19},{"text":"stress","start":3503.91,"end":3504.27},{"text":"the","start":3504.27,"end":3504.35},{"text":"importance","start":3504.35,"end":3505.03},{"text":"of","start":3505.11,"end":3505.35},{"text":"equitable","start":3505.35,"end":3505.91},{"text":"access","start":3505.91,"end":3506.31},{"text":"to","start":3506.31,"end":3506.43},{"text":"outer","start":3506.43,"end":3506.63},{"text":"space.","start":3506.63,"end":3507.11}]},{"text":"The benefits of outer space of space science, technology and applications must be shared fairly.","start":3507.43,"end":3513.51,"topics":[{"key":"equitable-space-access","label":"Equitable Access and Capacity Building","description":"Many delegations argued that all states, especially developing countries, should benefit from peaceful space activities on a non-discriminatory basis. They called for stronger international cooperation, technology transfer, training, data sharing and capacity building."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":3507.43,"end":3507.55},{"text":"benefits","start":3507.55,"end":3507.99},{"text":"of","start":3507.99,"end":3508.15},{"text":"outer","start":3508.15,"end":3508.39},{"text":"space","start":3508.39,"end":3508.87},{"text":"of","start":3509.43,"end":3509.59},{"text":"space","start":3509.59,"end":3509.95},{"text":"science,","start":3509.95,"end":3510.39},{"text":"technology","start":3510.63,"end":3511.27},{"text":"and","start":3511.27,"end":3511.43},{"text":"applications","start":3511.43,"end":3512.15},{"text":"must","start":3512.47,"end":3512.71},{"text":"be","start":3512.71,"end":3512.83},{"text":"shared","start":3512.83,"end":3513.11},{"text":"fairly.","start":3513.11,"end":3513.51}]},{"text":"Namibia calls for the removal of discriminatory barriers that prevent developing countries from accessing space-related technologies for peaceful purposes, including for climate adaptation, environmental protection, agriculture and early warning systems.","start":3513.83,"end":3529.27,"topics":[{"key":"equitable-space-access","label":"Equitable Access and Capacity Building","description":"Many delegations argued that all states, especially developing countries, should benefit from peaceful space activities on a non-discriminatory basis. They called for stronger international cooperation, technology transfer, training, data sharing and capacity building."},{"key":"civilian-space-services","label":"Protection of Civilian Space Services","description":"A number of delegations emphasized that societies depend on satellites for communications, navigation, disaster response, banking, climate monitoring and other essential services. They therefore called for stronger protection of civilian and humanitarian space systems from disruption or attack."}],"words":[{"text":"Namibia","start":3513.83,"end":3514.27},{"text":"calls","start":3514.27,"end":3514.51},{"text":"for","start":3514.51,"end":3514.63},{"text":"the","start":3514.63,"end":3514.75},{"text":"removal","start":3514.75,"end":3515.27},{"text":"of","start":3515.47,"end":3515.67},{"text":"discriminatory","start":3515.67,"end":3516.35},{"text":"barriers","start":3516.35,"end":3516.95},{"text":"that","start":3517.19,"end":3517.35},{"text":"prevent","start":3517.35,"end":3517.87},{"text":"developing","start":3517.87,"end":3518.39},{"text":"countries","start":3518.39,"end":3518.87},{"text":"from","start":3518.87,"end":3519.19},{"text":"accessing","start":3519.19,"end":3519.67},{"text":"space-related","start":3519.67,"end":3520.51},{"text":"technologies","start":3520.51,"end":3521.19},{"text":"for","start":3521.51,"end":3521.67},{"text":"peaceful","start":3521.67,"end":3521.99},{"text":"purposes,","start":3521.99,"end":3522.63},{"text":"including","start":3522.95,"end":3523.59},{"text":"for","start":3523.59,"end":3523.75},{"text":"climate","start":3523.75,"end":3524.11},{"text":"adaptation,","start":3524.11,"end":3524.79},{"text":"environmental","start":3525.11,"end":3525.83},{"text":"protection,","start":3525.83,"end":3526.47},{"text":"agriculture","start":3526.79,"end":3527.67},{"text":"and","start":3527.91,"end":3528.15},{"text":"early","start":3528.15,"end":3528.43},{"text":"warning","start":3528.43,"end":3528.71},{"text":"systems.","start":3528.71,"end":3529.27}]},{"text":"Mr Chair, the future of outer space depends on the collective responsibility Namibia urges Member States, particularly those with advanced space capabilities, to demonstrate restraint, listen to the voices in this Committee, uphold the principles of the UN Charter and engage constructively in multilateral processes.","start":3529.51,"end":3549.23,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-law","label":"International Law and the Outer Space Treaty","description":"Delegations repeatedly referred to the 1967 Outer Space Treaty, the UN Charter, and in some cases international humanitarian law, as the foundation of space governance. Speakers emphasized compliance with existing law while some also called for the legal framework to be updated or strengthened."},{"key":"responsible-behavior-norms","label":"Norms, Rules and Confidence-Building Measures","description":"Numerous statements supported developing norms, rules, principles of responsible behaviour, and transparency and confidence-building measures to reduce mistrust, miscalculation and escalation. Views differed on emphasis, but many saw these measures as complementary to future legal commitments."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr","start":3529.51,"end":3529.83},{"text":"Chair,","start":3529.83,"end":3530.15},{"text":"the","start":3530.55,"end":3530.67},{"text":"future","start":3530.71,"end":3530.99},{"text":"of","start":3530.99,"end":3531.15},{"text":"outer","start":3531.15,"end":3531.35},{"text":"space","start":3531.35,"end":3531.83},{"text":"depends","start":3531.83,"end":3532.31},{"text":"on","start":3532.31,"end":3532.43},{"text":"the","start":3532.43,"end":3532.51},{"text":"collective","start":3532.51,"end":3532.95},{"text":"responsibility","start":3532.95,"end":3533.83},{"text":"Namibia","start":3534.27,"end":3534.67},{"text":"urges","start":3534.67,"end":3535.23},{"text":"Member","start":3535.55,"end":3535.87},{"text":"States,","start":3535.87,"end":3536.19},{"text":"particularly","start":3536.19,"end":3536.75},{"text":"those","start":3536.75,"end":3537.07},{"text":"with","start":3537.07,"end":3537.31},{"text":"advanced","start":3537.31,"end":3537.79},{"text":"space","start":3537.79,"end":3538.35},{"text":"capabilities,","start":3538.35,"end":3539.15},{"text":"to","start":3539.71,"end":3539.83},{"text":"demonstrate","start":3539.83,"end":3540.43},{"text":"restraint,","start":3540.43,"end":3540.99},{"text":"listen","start":3541.71,"end":3542.03},{"text":"to","start":3542.03,"end":3542.11},{"text":"the","start":3542.11,"end":3542.23},{"text":"voices","start":3542.23,"end":3542.83},{"text":"in","start":3542.99,"end":3543.15},{"text":"this","start":3543.15,"end":3543.31},{"text":"Committee,","start":3543.31,"end":3543.87},{"text":"uphold","start":3544.19,"end":3544.55},{"text":"the","start":3544.55,"end":3544.63},{"text":"principles","start":3544.67,"end":3545.27},{"text":"of","start":3545.27,"end":3545.35},{"text":"the","start":3545.35,"end":3545.47},{"text":"UN","start":3545.47,"end":3545.63},{"text":"Charter","start":3545.63,"end":3546.11},{"text":"and","start":3546.35,"end":3546.55},{"text":"engage","start":3546.59,"end":3546.91},{"text":"constructively","start":3546.91,"end":3547.79},{"text":"in","start":3547.79,"end":3547.95},{"text":"multilateral","start":3547.95,"end":3548.59},{"text":"processes.","start":3548.59,"end":3549.23}]},{"text":"As a peace-loving nation, Namibia wants outer space to remain global commons for benefit of all humanity.","start":3549.55,"end":3556.99,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-paros","label":"Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space must remain a peaceful domain and warned against its weaponization or transformation into a theatre of conflict. They framed preventing an arms race in outer space as a core international security objective."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":3549.55,"end":3549.75},{"text":"a","start":3549.75,"end":3549.79},{"text":"peace-loving","start":3549.79,"end":3550.31},{"text":"nation,","start":3550.31,"end":3550.75},{"text":"Namibia","start":3550.99,"end":3551.55},{"text":"wants","start":3551.55,"end":3552.03},{"text":"outer","start":3552.19,"end":3552.43},{"text":"space","start":3552.43,"end":3552.91},{"text":"to","start":3552.91,"end":3552.99},{"text":"remain","start":3552.99,"end":3553.47},{"text":"global","start":3553.47,"end":3554.03},{"text":"commons","start":3554.27,"end":3554.75},{"text":"for","start":3554.75,"end":3555.15},{"text":"benefit","start":3555.15,"end":3555.71},{"text":"of","start":3555.71,"end":3555.87},{"text":"all","start":3555.87,"end":3556.35},{"text":"humanity.","start":3556.35,"end":3556.99}]},{"text":"I thank you, Mr. Chair.","start":3556.99,"end":3557.95,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":3556.99,"end":3557.15},{"text":"thank","start":3557.15,"end":3557.39},{"text":"you,","start":3557.39,"end":3557.47},{"text":"Mr.","start":3557.47,"end":3557.71},{"text":"Chair.","start":3557.71,"end":3557.95}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"NAM","group":null,"function":"Permanent Representative","affiliation_full":"Namibia"}},{"statement_number":37,"start":3559.47,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c1/81/15?lang=en&t=59:20","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished Permanent Representative of Namibia.","start":3559.47,"end":3563.15,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":3559.47,"end":3559.48},{"text":"thank","start":3559.63,"end":3559.99},{"text":"the","start":3559.99,"end":3560.15},{"text":"distinguished","start":3560.15,"end":3561.15},{"text":"Permanent","start":3561.15,"end":3561.59},{"text":"Representative","start":3561.59,"end":3562.43},{"text":"of","start":3562.43,"end":3562.59},{"text":"Namibia.","start":3562.59,"end":3563.15}]},{"text":"Now I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Chile.","start":3563.15,"end":3566.59,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Now","start":3563.15,"end":3563.47},{"text":"I","start":3563.47,"end":3563.71},{"text":"give","start":3563.71,"end":3563.91},{"text":"the","start":3563.91,"end":3564.03},{"text":"floor","start":3564.03,"end":3564.27},{"text":"to","start":3564.27,"end":3564.39},{"text":"the","start":3564.39,"end":3564.51},{"text":"distinguished","start":3564.51,"end":3565.07},{"text":"representative","start":3565.07,"end":3565.95},{"text":"of","start":3565.95,"end":3566.19},{"text":"Chile.","start":3566.19,"end":3566.59}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"1st Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair","affiliation_full":"1st Committee"}},{"statement_number":38,"start":3574.27,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c1/81/15?lang=en&t=59:35","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Mr. President.","start":3574.27,"end":3576.35,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":3574.27,"end":3574.59},{"text":"you,","start":3574.59,"end":3574.83},{"text":"Mr.","start":3575.47,"end":3575.79},{"text":"President.","start":3575.79,"end":3576.35}]},{"text":"Chile is convinced that the use of outer space must be peaceful, sustainable, and for the benefit and the interests of all of humanity.","start":3578.03,"end":3588.95,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-paros","label":"Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space must remain a peaceful domain and warned against its weaponization or transformation into a theatre of conflict. They framed preventing an arms race in outer space as a core international security objective."},{"key":"space-sustainability","label":"Space Sustainability and Debris","description":"Long-term sustainability of the space environment emerged as a recurring concern, especially regarding debris, large satellite constellations, uncontrolled re-entries and space traffic. Speakers warned that harmful activities in orbit could make parts of space unusable for future generations."},{"key":"equitable-space-access","label":"Equitable Access and Capacity Building","description":"Many delegations argued that all states, especially developing countries, should benefit from peaceful space activities on a non-discriminatory basis. They called for stronger international cooperation, technology transfer, training, data sharing and capacity building."}],"words":[{"text":"Chile","start":3578.03,"end":3578.67},{"text":"is","start":3579.07,"end":3579.15},{"text":"convinced","start":3579.15,"end":3579.91},{"text":"that","start":3579.91,"end":3580.19},{"text":"the","start":3580.19,"end":3580.39},{"text":"use","start":3580.99,"end":3581.55},{"text":"of","start":3581.55,"end":3581.95},{"text":"outer","start":3582.51,"end":3582.75},{"text":"space","start":3582.75,"end":3583.07},{"text":"must","start":3583.07,"end":3583.31},{"text":"be","start":3583.31,"end":3583.47},{"text":"peaceful,","start":3583.47,"end":3583.99},{"text":"sustainable,","start":3583.99,"end":3584.91},{"text":"and","start":3584.91,"end":3585.07},{"text":"for","start":3585.07,"end":3585.23},{"text":"the","start":3585.23,"end":3585.35},{"text":"benefit","start":3585.35,"end":3585.95},{"text":"and","start":3586.71,"end":3586.83},{"text":"the","start":3586.83,"end":3586.91},{"text":"interests","start":3586.91,"end":3587.31},{"text":"of","start":3587.31,"end":3587.43},{"text":"all","start":3587.43,"end":3587.59},{"text":"of","start":3587.59,"end":3587.71},{"text":"humanity.","start":3587.71,"end":3588.95}]},{"text":"My country acknowledges the common interests and sovereign rights of all states in the exploration and use of outer space for exclusively peaceful purposes, independently of their level of economic or scientific development.","start":3589.59,"end":3607.03,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-paros","label":"Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space must remain a peaceful domain and warned against its weaponization or transformation into a theatre of conflict. They framed preventing an arms race in outer space as a core international security objective."},{"key":"equitable-space-access","label":"Equitable Access and Capacity Building","description":"Many delegations argued that all states, especially developing countries, should benefit from peaceful space activities on a non-discriminatory basis. They called for stronger international cooperation, technology transfer, training, data sharing and capacity building."}],"words":[{"text":"My","start":3589.59,"end":3589.75},{"text":"country","start":3589.75,"end":3590.23},{"text":"acknowledges","start":3590.95,"end":3591.67},{"text":"the","start":3591.67,"end":3591.79},{"text":"common","start":3591.79,"end":3592.15},{"text":"interests","start":3592.15,"end":3592.95},{"text":"and","start":3592.95,"end":3593.31},{"text":"sovereign","start":3593.31,"end":3593.75},{"text":"rights","start":3593.75,"end":3594.11},{"text":"of","start":3594.11,"end":3594.23},{"text":"all","start":3594.23,"end":3594.39},{"text":"states","start":3594.39,"end":3595.03},{"text":"in","start":3595.43,"end":3595.59},{"text":"the","start":3595.59,"end":3595.71},{"text":"exploration","start":3595.71,"end":3596.51},{"text":"and","start":3596.51,"end":3596.71},{"text":"use","start":3596.71,"end":3597.07},{"text":"of","start":3597.07,"end":3597.23},{"text":"outer","start":3597.23,"end":3597.67},{"text":"space","start":3597.67,"end":3598.31},{"text":"for","start":3598.95,"end":3599.35},{"text":"exclusively","start":3599.35,"end":3600.15},{"text":"peaceful","start":3600.55,"end":3601.35},{"text":"purposes,","start":3601.91,"end":3602.63},{"text":"independently","start":3602.63,"end":3603.39},{"text":"of","start":3603.39,"end":3603.59},{"text":"their","start":3603.59,"end":3604.15},{"text":"level","start":3604.15,"end":3604.47},{"text":"of","start":3604.51,"end":3604.63},{"text":"economic","start":3604.83,"end":3605.59},{"text":"or","start":3605.59,"end":3605.75},{"text":"scientific","start":3605.75,"end":3606.31},{"text":"development.","start":3606.31,"end":3607.03}]},{"text":"This is why we would like to make an appeal to promote and strengthen international cooperation in the exploration and the use of outer space for peaceful purposes.","start":3607.75,"end":3618.91,"topics":[{"key":"equitable-space-access","label":"Equitable Access and Capacity Building","description":"Many delegations argued that all states, especially developing countries, should benefit from peaceful space activities on a non-discriminatory basis. They called for stronger international cooperation, technology transfer, training, data sharing and capacity building."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":3607.75,"end":3607.99},{"text":"is","start":3607.99,"end":3608.23},{"text":"why","start":3608.23,"end":3608.71},{"text":"we","start":3608.87,"end":3609.35},{"text":"would","start":3609.43,"end":3609.55},{"text":"like","start":3609.55,"end":3609.75},{"text":"to","start":3609.75,"end":3609.83},{"text":"make","start":3609.83,"end":3609.99},{"text":"an","start":3609.99,"end":3610.07},{"text":"appeal","start":3610.07,"end":3610.39},{"text":"to","start":3610.39,"end":3610.55},{"text":"promote","start":3610.55,"end":3610.95},{"text":"and","start":3610.95,"end":3611.07},{"text":"strengthen","start":3611.07,"end":3611.59},{"text":"international","start":3611.59,"end":3612.31},{"text":"cooperation","start":3612.31,"end":3613.35},{"text":"in","start":3613.83,"end":3613.95},{"text":"the","start":3613.95,"end":3614.03},{"text":"exploration","start":3614.03,"end":3614.95},{"text":"and","start":3614.95,"end":3615.19},{"text":"the","start":3615.19,"end":3615.27},{"text":"use","start":3615.27,"end":3615.67},{"text":"of","start":3615.91,"end":3616.23},{"text":"outer","start":3616.75,"end":3616.99},{"text":"space","start":3616.99,"end":3617.55},{"text":"for","start":3617.55,"end":3617.71},{"text":"peaceful","start":3617.71,"end":3618.11},{"text":"purposes.","start":3618.11,"end":3618.91}]},{"text":"We would like to express our concern with regard to the threats to international peace and security derived from a possible militarization of outer space.","start":3619.23,"end":3629.47,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-paros","label":"Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space must remain a peaceful domain and warned against its weaponization or transformation into a theatre of conflict. They framed preventing an arms race in outer space as a core international security objective."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3619.23,"end":3619.31},{"text":"would","start":3619.31,"end":3619.43},{"text":"like","start":3619.43,"end":3619.59},{"text":"to","start":3619.59,"end":3619.67},{"text":"express","start":3619.67,"end":3620.35},{"text":"our","start":3620.35,"end":3620.75},{"text":"concern","start":3621.03,"end":3621.71},{"text":"with","start":3621.71,"end":3621.87},{"text":"regard","start":3621.87,"end":3622.27},{"text":"to","start":3622.27,"end":3622.39},{"text":"the","start":3622.39,"end":3622.51},{"text":"threats","start":3622.51,"end":3622.87},{"text":"to","start":3622.87,"end":3622.95},{"text":"international","start":3622.95,"end":3623.63},{"text":"peace","start":3623.63,"end":3623.91},{"text":"and","start":3623.91,"end":3624.03},{"text":"security","start":3624.03,"end":3624.83},{"text":"derived","start":3625.31,"end":3625.91},{"text":"from","start":3625.91,"end":3626.11},{"text":"a","start":3626.11,"end":3626.15},{"text":"possible","start":3626.15,"end":3627.23},{"text":"militarization","start":3627.23,"end":3628.39},{"text":"of","start":3628.39,"end":3628.59},{"text":"outer","start":3628.59,"end":3628.91},{"text":"space.","start":3628.91,"end":3629.47}]},{"text":"We reject any placing of any kind of weapons in outer space, as it is primordial to prevent an arms race in outer space and its transformation into an area favorable for war and armed conflict.","start":3632.59,"end":3646.55,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-paros","label":"Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space must remain a peaceful domain and warned against its weaponization or transformation into a theatre of conflict. 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Several speakers argued that voluntary measures cannot replace binding obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3632.59,"end":3632.75},{"text":"reject","start":3632.75,"end":3633.47},{"text":"any","start":3633.47,"end":3633.79},{"text":"placing","start":3634.43,"end":3634.91},{"text":"of","start":3634.91,"end":3634.99},{"text":"any","start":3634.99,"end":3635.19},{"text":"kind","start":3635.19,"end":3635.51},{"text":"of","start":3635.51,"end":3635.71},{"text":"weapons","start":3636.27,"end":3636.75},{"text":"in","start":3636.75,"end":3636.91},{"text":"outer","start":3636.91,"end":3637.15},{"text":"space,","start":3637.15,"end":3637.71},{"text":"as","start":3638.03,"end":3638.27},{"text":"it","start":3638.27,"end":3638.35},{"text":"is","start":3638.35,"end":3638.51},{"text":"primordial","start":3639.19,"end":3639.91},{"text":"to","start":3639.91,"end":3640.03},{"text":"prevent","start":3640.03,"end":3640.43},{"text":"an","start":3640.43,"end":3640.55},{"text":"arms","start":3640.55,"end":3640.87},{"text":"race","start":3640.87,"end":3641.19},{"text":"in","start":3641.67,"end":3641.91},{"text":"outer","start":3641.91,"end":3642.07},{"text":"space","start":3642.07,"end":3642.47},{"text":"and","start":3642.47,"end":3642.59},{"text":"its","start":3642.59,"end":3642.71},{"text":"transformation","start":3642.71,"end":3643.75},{"text":"into","start":3643.75,"end":3644.03},{"text":"an","start":3644.03,"end":3644.15},{"text":"area","start":3644.15,"end":3644.43},{"text":"favorable","start":3644.43,"end":3644.99},{"text":"for","start":3644.99,"end":3645.19},{"text":"war","start":3645.19,"end":3645.59},{"text":"and","start":3645.59,"end":3645.75},{"text":"armed","start":3645.75,"end":3645.99},{"text":"conflict.","start":3645.99,"end":3646.55}]},{"text":"We are aware of the environmental and humanitarian consequences of harmful activities against space systems.","start":3646.71,"end":3653.43,"topics":[{"key":"space-sustainability","label":"Space Sustainability and Debris","description":"Long-term sustainability of the space environment emerged as a recurring concern, especially regarding debris, large satellite constellations, uncontrolled re-entries and space traffic. 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They therefore called for stronger protection of civilian and humanitarian space systems from disruption or attack."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3646.71,"end":3646.95},{"text":"are","start":3646.95,"end":3647.19},{"text":"aware","start":3647.19,"end":3647.83},{"text":"of","start":3647.83,"end":3647.99},{"text":"the","start":3647.99,"end":3648.15},{"text":"environmental","start":3648.39,"end":3649.15},{"text":"and","start":3649.15,"end":3649.27},{"text":"humanitarian","start":3649.27,"end":3650.07},{"text":"consequences","start":3650.07,"end":3650.87},{"text":"of","start":3650.87,"end":3651.03},{"text":"harmful","start":3651.19,"end":3651.63},{"text":"activities","start":3651.63,"end":3652.15},{"text":"against","start":3652.15,"end":3652.47},{"text":"space","start":3652.47,"end":3652.91},{"text":"systems.","start":3652.91,"end":3653.43}]},{"text":"We warn against environmental threats that could result from the destruction of satellites.","start":3653.67,"end":3659.03,"topics":[{"key":"space-sustainability","label":"Space Sustainability and Debris","description":"Long-term sustainability of the space environment emerged as a recurring concern, especially regarding debris, large satellite constellations, uncontrolled re-entries and space traffic. Speakers warned that harmful activities in orbit could make parts of space unusable for future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3653.67,"end":3653.99},{"text":"warn","start":3653.99,"end":3654.39},{"text":"against","start":3654.39,"end":3654.87},{"text":"environmental","start":3655.51,"end":3656.31},{"text":"threats","start":3656.31,"end":3656.75},{"text":"that","start":3656.75,"end":3656.87},{"text":"could","start":3656.87,"end":3657.07},{"text":"result","start":3657.07,"end":3657.51},{"text":"from","start":3657.51,"end":3657.71},{"text":"the","start":3657.71,"end":3657.79},{"text":"destruction","start":3657.79,"end":3658.35},{"text":"of","start":3658.35,"end":3658.43},{"text":"satellites.","start":3658.43,"end":3659.03}]},{"text":"These are actions that could lead to negative effects for the planet.","start":3659.19,"end":3663.83,"topics":[{"key":"space-sustainability","label":"Space Sustainability and Debris","description":"Long-term sustainability of the space environment emerged as a recurring concern, especially regarding debris, large satellite constellations, uncontrolled re-entries and space traffic. Speakers warned that harmful activities in orbit could make parts of space unusable for future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"These","start":3659.19,"end":3659.43},{"text":"are","start":3659.43,"end":3659.55},{"text":"actions","start":3659.55,"end":3659.87},{"text":"that","start":3659.87,"end":3659.99},{"text":"could","start":3659.99,"end":3660.23},{"text":"lead","start":3660.23,"end":3660.47},{"text":"to","start":3660.47,"end":3660.63},{"text":"negative","start":3660.63,"end":3661.27},{"text":"effects","start":3661.27,"end":3661.99},{"text":"for","start":3662.95,"end":3663.11},{"text":"the","start":3663.11,"end":3663.27},{"text":"planet.","start":3663.27,"end":3663.83}]},{"text":"Mr. President, for Chile, discussions on the prevention of an arms race in outer space are of particular relevance.","start":3671.19,"end":3680.55,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-paros","label":"Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space must remain a peaceful domain and warned against its weaponization or transformation into a theatre of conflict. They framed preventing an arms race in outer space as a core international security objective."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":3671.19,"end":3671.55},{"text":"President,","start":3671.55,"end":3672.07},{"text":"for","start":3672.63,"end":3672.79},{"text":"Chile,","start":3672.79,"end":3673.35},{"text":"discussions","start":3674.23,"end":3675.03},{"text":"on","start":3675.03,"end":3675.19},{"text":"the","start":3675.19,"end":3675.35},{"text":"prevention","start":3675.35,"end":3676.15},{"text":"of","start":3676.15,"end":3676.27},{"text":"an","start":3676.27,"end":3676.39},{"text":"arms","start":3676.39,"end":3676.71},{"text":"race","start":3676.71,"end":3676.95},{"text":"in","start":3676.95,"end":3677.11},{"text":"outer","start":3677.11,"end":3677.35},{"text":"space","start":3677.35,"end":3677.91},{"text":"are","start":3679.11,"end":3679.23},{"text":"of","start":3679.23,"end":3679.35},{"text":"particular","start":3679.35,"end":3679.91},{"text":"relevance.","start":3679.91,"end":3680.55}]},{"text":"This is in line with our foreign policy, which is geared towards defending multilateralism, prevention of conflicts, and strengthening international law, and in this specific case, the promotion of the peaceful use of outer space by all states.","start":3681.27,"end":3696.79,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-law","label":"International Law and the Outer Space Treaty","description":"Delegations repeatedly referred to the 1967 Outer Space Treaty, the UN Charter, and in some cases international humanitarian law, as the foundation of space governance. 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They framed preventing an arms race in outer space as a core international security objective."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":3681.27,"end":3681.75},{"text":"is","start":3682.39,"end":3682.55},{"text":"in","start":3682.55,"end":3682.87},{"text":"line","start":3682.87,"end":3683.43},{"text":"with","start":3683.43,"end":3683.83},{"text":"our","start":3683.91,"end":3684.31},{"text":"foreign","start":3684.55,"end":3684.95},{"text":"policy,","start":3684.95,"end":3685.51},{"text":"which","start":3685.51,"end":3685.75},{"text":"is","start":3685.75,"end":3685.91},{"text":"geared","start":3685.91,"end":3686.23},{"text":"towards","start":3686.23,"end":3686.63},{"text":"defending","start":3686.63,"end":3687.11},{"text":"multilateralism,","start":3687.11,"end":3688.23},{"text":"prevention","start":3688.59,"end":3689.11},{"text":"of","start":3689.11,"end":3689.19},{"text":"conflicts,","start":3689.19,"end":3689.79},{"text":"and","start":3689.79,"end":3689.95},{"text":"strengthening","start":3689.95,"end":3690.55},{"text":"international","start":3690.55,"end":3691.39},{"text":"law,","start":3691.39,"end":3691.55},{"text":"and","start":3691.55,"end":3691.67},{"text":"in","start":3691.67,"end":3691.83},{"text":"this","start":3691.83,"end":3691.95},{"text":"specific","start":3691.95,"end":3692.51},{"text":"case,","start":3692.51,"end":3692.71},{"text":"the","start":3692.71,"end":3692.79},{"text":"promotion","start":3692.79,"end":3693.43},{"text":"of","start":3693.43,"end":3693.51},{"text":"the","start":3693.51,"end":3693.59},{"text":"peaceful","start":3693.59,"end":3694.15},{"text":"use","start":3694.15,"end":3694.55},{"text":"of","start":3694.95,"end":3695.19},{"text":"outer","start":3695.19,"end":3695.51},{"text":"space","start":3695.51,"end":3695.99},{"text":"by","start":3695.99,"end":3696.23},{"text":"all","start":3696.23,"end":3696.39},{"text":"states.","start":3696.39,"end":3696.79}]},{"text":"My country champions the existence of norms, rules, and principles of responsible behavior regarding space systems.","start":3697.35,"end":3706.91,"topics":[{"key":"responsible-behavior-norms","label":"Norms, Rules and Confidence-Building Measures","description":"Numerous statements supported developing norms, rules, principles of responsible behaviour, and transparency and confidence-building measures to reduce mistrust, miscalculation and escalation. Views differed on emphasis, but many saw these measures as complementary to future legal commitments."}],"words":[{"text":"My","start":3697.35,"end":3697.51},{"text":"country","start":3697.51,"end":3697.99},{"text":"champions","start":3697.99,"end":3698.79},{"text":"the","start":3699.03,"end":3699.23},{"text":"existence","start":3699.67,"end":3700.39},{"text":"of","start":3700.39,"end":3700.47},{"text":"norms,","start":3700.47,"end":3701.03},{"text":"rules,","start":3701.03,"end":3701.51},{"text":"and","start":3701.51,"end":3701.63},{"text":"principles","start":3701.63,"end":3703.03},{"text":"of","start":3703.07,"end":3703.19},{"text":"responsible","start":3703.19,"end":3703.83},{"text":"behavior","start":3703.83,"end":3704.55},{"text":"regarding","start":3705.51,"end":3705.99},{"text":"space","start":3705.99,"end":3706.43},{"text":"systems.","start":3706.43,"end":3706.91}]},{"text":"We would like to make an appeal to continue open discussions in order to exchange ideas to move towards binding and non-binding norms for a peaceful and safe outer space.","start":3706.91,"end":3718.79,"topics":[{"key":"responsible-behavior-norms","label":"Norms, Rules and Confidence-Building Measures","description":"Numerous statements supported developing norms, rules, principles of responsible behaviour, and transparency and confidence-building measures to reduce mistrust, miscalculation and escalation. 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They framed preventing an arms race in outer space as a core international security objective."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3706.91,"end":3706.99},{"text":"would","start":3706.99,"end":3707.11},{"text":"like","start":3707.11,"end":3707.27},{"text":"to","start":3707.27,"end":3707.39},{"text":"make","start":3707.39,"end":3707.59},{"text":"an","start":3707.59,"end":3707.67},{"text":"appeal","start":3707.67,"end":3707.99},{"text":"to","start":3707.99,"end":3708.11},{"text":"continue","start":3708.11,"end":3708.87},{"text":"open","start":3709.75,"end":3710.11},{"text":"discussions","start":3710.11,"end":3710.95},{"text":"in","start":3710.95,"end":3711.11},{"text":"order","start":3711.11,"end":3711.35},{"text":"to","start":3711.35,"end":3711.47},{"text":"exchange","start":3711.47,"end":3711.91},{"text":"ideas","start":3711.91,"end":3712.47},{"text":"to","start":3712.47,"end":3712.59},{"text":"move","start":3712.59,"end":3712.87},{"text":"towards","start":3712.87,"end":3713.51},{"text":"binding","start":3713.67,"end":3714.23},{"text":"and","start":3714.23,"end":3714.51},{"text":"non-binding","start":3714.51,"end":3715.67},{"text":"norms","start":3716.07,"end":3716.71},{"text":"for","start":3716.71,"end":3717.03},{"text":"a","start":3717.11,"end":3717.15},{"text":"peaceful","start":3717.15,"end":3717.63},{"text":"and","start":3717.63,"end":3717.75},{"text":"safe","start":3717.75,"end":3718.11},{"text":"outer","start":3718.11,"end":3718.35},{"text":"space.","start":3718.35,"end":3718.79}]},{"text":"Along these lines, Chile promotes greater transparency and the adoption of concrete measures to reduce risks.","start":3718.95,"end":3725.35,"topics":[{"key":"responsible-behavior-norms","label":"Norms, Rules and Confidence-Building Measures","description":"Numerous statements supported developing norms, rules, principles of responsible behaviour, and transparency and confidence-building measures to reduce mistrust, miscalculation and escalation. 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They therefore called for stronger protection of civilian and humanitarian space systems from disruption or attack."}],"words":[{"text":"Lastly,","start":3726.15,"end":3726.79},{"text":"would","start":3727.35,"end":3727.55},{"text":"like","start":3727.55,"end":3727.83},{"text":"to","start":3727.83,"end":3728.03},{"text":"express","start":3728.03,"end":3728.79},{"text":"our","start":3729.39,"end":3729.75},{"text":"consternation","start":3730.07,"end":3731.19},{"text":"regarding","start":3731.43,"end":3731.99},{"text":"interference","start":3731.99,"end":3732.75},{"text":"and","start":3732.75,"end":3732.87},{"text":"malicious","start":3732.87,"end":3733.55},{"text":"cyber","start":3733.55,"end":3733.91},{"text":"activity","start":3733.91,"end":3734.55},{"text":"aimed","start":3734.79,"end":3735.19},{"text":"at","start":3735.19,"end":3735.51},{"text":"navigation","start":3735.51,"end":3736.19},{"text":"and","start":3736.19,"end":3736.31},{"text":"communication","start":3736.31,"end":3736.95},{"text":"satellites.","start":3736.95,"end":3737.51}]},{"text":"We would like to make an appeal to strengthen the existing international legal framework in order to address in an effective way concerns regarding space security and rapid advances of technology.","start":3737.51,"end":3748.63,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-law","label":"International Law and the Outer Space Treaty","description":"Delegations repeatedly referred to the 1967 Outer Space Treaty, the UN Charter, and in some cases international humanitarian law, as the foundation of space governance. 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Several speakers argued that voluntary measures cannot replace binding obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3737.51,"end":3737.75},{"text":"would","start":3737.95,"end":3738.07},{"text":"like","start":3738.07,"end":3738.23},{"text":"to","start":3738.23,"end":3738.35},{"text":"make","start":3738.35,"end":3738.55},{"text":"an","start":3738.55,"end":3738.63},{"text":"appeal","start":3738.63,"end":3738.95},{"text":"to","start":3738.95,"end":3739.11},{"text":"strengthen","start":3739.11,"end":3739.79},{"text":"the","start":3739.79,"end":3739.87},{"text":"existing","start":3739.87,"end":3740.39},{"text":"international","start":3740.39,"end":3741.11},{"text":"legal","start":3741.11,"end":3741.31},{"text":"framework","start":3741.31,"end":3741.83},{"text":"in","start":3742.15,"end":3742.31},{"text":"order","start":3742.31,"end":3742.59},{"text":"to","start":3742.59,"end":3742.79},{"text":"address","start":3742.79,"end":3743.35},{"text":"in","start":3743.43,"end":3743.67},{"text":"an","start":3743.79,"end":3743.91},{"text":"effective","start":3743.91,"end":3744.47},{"text":"way","start":3744.47,"end":3744.63},{"text":"concerns","start":3744.63,"end":3745.27},{"text":"regarding","start":3745.27,"end":3745.67},{"text":"space","start":3745.67,"end":3746.11},{"text":"security","start":3746.11,"end":3746.63},{"text":"and","start":3746.79,"end":3746.95},{"text":"rapid","start":3746.95,"end":3747.27},{"text":"advances","start":3747.27,"end":3747.95},{"text":"of","start":3747.95,"end":3748.07},{"text":"technology.","start":3748.07,"end":3748.63}]},{"text":"Thank you.","start":3748.63,"end":3749.11,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":3748.63,"end":3748.95},{"text":"you.","start":3748.95,"end":3749.11}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"CHL","group":null,"function":null,"affiliation_full":"Chile"}},{"statement_number":39,"start":3751.51,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c1/81/15?lang=en&t=1:02:32","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of Chile.","start":3751.51,"end":3754.43,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":3751.51,"end":3751.52},{"text":"thank","start":3751.51,"end":3751.91},{"text":"the","start":3751.91,"end":3752.15},{"text":"distinguished","start":3752.87,"end":3753.35},{"text":"representative","start":3753.43,"end":3754.03},{"text":"of","start":3754.03,"end":3754.15},{"text":"Chile.","start":3754.15,"end":3754.43}]},{"text":"Now I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Netherlands.","start":3754.43,"end":3758.23,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Now","start":3754.43,"end":3754.71},{"text":"I","start":3754.71,"end":3754.87},{"text":"give","start":3754.87,"end":3755.03},{"text":"the","start":3755.03,"end":3755.19},{"text":"floor","start":3755.19,"end":3755.39},{"text":"to","start":3755.39,"end":3755.51},{"text":"the","start":3755.51,"end":3755.67},{"text":"distinguished","start":3755.67,"end":3756.31},{"text":"representative","start":3756.31,"end":3757.11},{"text":"of","start":3757.11,"end":3757.43},{"text":"Netherlands.","start":3757.43,"end":3758.23}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"1st Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair","affiliation_full":"1st Committee"}},{"statement_number":40,"start":3765.94,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c1/81/15?lang=en&t=1:02:46","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Chair, in addition to the statement by the EU, I make the following remarks in my national capacity.","start":3765.94,"end":3771.7,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Chair,","start":3765.94,"end":3766.26},{"text":"in","start":3766.74,"end":3766.86},{"text":"addition","start":3766.86,"end":3767.3},{"text":"to","start":3767.3,"end":3767.38},{"text":"the","start":3767.38,"end":3767.46},{"text":"statement","start":3767.46,"end":3768.1},{"text":"by","start":3768.1,"end":3768.26},{"text":"the","start":3768.26,"end":3768.34},{"text":"EU,","start":3768.34,"end":3768.9},{"text":"I","start":3769.14,"end":3769.3},{"text":"make","start":3769.3,"end":3769.46},{"text":"the","start":3769.46,"end":3769.54},{"text":"following","start":3769.54,"end":3769.94},{"text":"remarks","start":3769.94,"end":3770.42},{"text":"in","start":3770.42,"end":3770.54},{"text":"my","start":3770.54,"end":3770.66},{"text":"national","start":3770.66,"end":3771.14},{"text":"capacity.","start":3771.14,"end":3771.7}]},{"text":"It is in the interest of humankind to ensure the sustainability, safety, and security of the outer space environment.","start":3772.5,"end":3779.3,"topics":[{"key":"space-sustainability","label":"Space Sustainability and Debris","description":"Long-term sustainability of the space environment emerged as a recurring concern, especially regarding debris, large satellite constellations, uncontrolled re-entries and space traffic. 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These were presented as urgent risks to stability, security and strategic predictability in space."},{"key":"space-sustainability","label":"Space Sustainability and Debris","description":"Long-term sustainability of the space environment emerged as a recurring concern, especially regarding debris, large satellite constellations, uncontrolled re-entries and space traffic. Speakers warned that harmful activities in orbit could make parts of space unusable for future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"A","start":3799.15,"end":3799.19},{"text":"first","start":3799.19,"end":3799.55},{"text":"step","start":3799.55,"end":3799.87},{"text":"could","start":3799.87,"end":3800.15},{"text":"be","start":3800.15,"end":3800.43},{"text":"addressing","start":3800.43,"end":3801.15},{"text":"destructive","start":3801.55,"end":3802.27},{"text":"debris-generating","start":3802.51,"end":3803.87},{"text":"counter","start":3803.87,"end":3804.23},{"text":"space","start":3804.23,"end":3804.55},{"text":"activities.","start":3804.55,"end":3805.31}]},{"text":"The debris created by such actions risks making the outer space environment, or a significant part of it, unusable for generations to come.","start":3805.99,"end":3814.87,"topics":[{"key":"space-sustainability","label":"Space Sustainability and Debris","description":"Long-term sustainability of the space environment emerged as a recurring concern, especially regarding debris, large satellite constellations, uncontrolled re-entries and space traffic. Speakers warned that harmful activities in orbit could make parts of space unusable for future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":3805.99,"end":3806.03},{"text":"debris","start":3806.03,"end":3806.39},{"text":"created","start":3806.39,"end":3807.19},{"text":"by","start":3807.19,"end":3807.35},{"text":"such","start":3807.35,"end":3807.67},{"text":"actions","start":3807.67,"end":3808.39},{"text":"risks","start":3808.47,"end":3808.95},{"text":"making","start":3808.95,"end":3809.35},{"text":"the","start":3809.35,"end":3809.47},{"text":"outer","start":3809.47,"end":3809.67},{"text":"space","start":3809.67,"end":3809.95},{"text":"environment,","start":3809.95,"end":3810.63},{"text":"or","start":3810.87,"end":3811.15},{"text":"a","start":3811.15,"end":3811.19},{"text":"significant","start":3811.19,"end":3811.71},{"text":"part","start":3811.71,"end":3812.03},{"text":"of","start":3812.03,"end":3812.15},{"text":"it,","start":3812.15,"end":3812.39},{"text":"unusable","start":3812.79,"end":3813.59},{"text":"for","start":3813.59,"end":3813.75},{"text":"generations","start":3813.75,"end":3814.39},{"text":"to","start":3814.39,"end":3814.47},{"text":"come.","start":3814.47,"end":3814.87}]},{"text":"These activities are more suitable for regulation and, through improving space situational awareness, destructive counter-space activities are easier to detect, verify, and attribute than many non-kinetic counter-space actions.","start":3815.91,"end":3830.95,"topics":[{"key":"counterspace-threats","label":"Counter-Space Weapons and Anti-Satellite Threats","description":"Several speakers highlighted concrete threats such as anti-satellite missiles, destructive direct-ascent ASAT tests, jamming, spoofing, and other counter-space capabilities. 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Views differed on emphasis, but many saw these measures as complementary to future legal commitments."}],"words":[{"text":"These","start":3815.91,"end":3816.23},{"text":"activities","start":3816.23,"end":3816.95},{"text":"are","start":3816.95,"end":3817.11},{"text":"more","start":3817.11,"end":3817.43},{"text":"suitable","start":3817.43,"end":3817.91},{"text":"for","start":3817.91,"end":3818.03},{"text":"regulation","start":3818.03,"end":3818.79},{"text":"and,","start":3819.11,"end":3819.71},{"text":"through","start":3819.71,"end":3819.91},{"text":"improving","start":3819.91,"end":3820.63},{"text":"space","start":3820.63,"end":3821.15},{"text":"situational","start":3821.15,"end":3821.71},{"text":"awareness,","start":3821.71,"end":3822.31},{"text":"destructive","start":3822.67,"end":3823.27},{"text":"counter-space","start":3823.35,"end":3824.07},{"text":"activities","start":3824.07,"end":3824.79},{"text":"are","start":3825.11,"end":3825.27},{"text":"easier","start":3825.27,"end":3825.75},{"text":"to","start":3825.75,"end":3825.87},{"text":"detect,","start":3825.87,"end":3826.39},{"text":"verify,","start":3826.63,"end":3827.19},{"text":"and","start":3827.19,"end":3827.43},{"text":"attribute","start":3827.43,"end":3828.07},{"text":"than","start":3828.39,"end":3828.55},{"text":"many","start":3828.55,"end":3828.87},{"text":"non-kinetic","start":3828.87,"end":3829.67},{"text":"counter-space","start":3829.83,"end":3830.39},{"text":"actions.","start":3830.39,"end":3830.95}]},{"text":"Chair, Whilst essential to further develop the normative framework for outer space, it's equally important to recognize that international law already applies to activities in outer space.","start":3832.31,"end":3842.55,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-law","label":"International Law and the Outer Space Treaty","description":"Delegations repeatedly referred to the 1967 Outer Space Treaty, the UN Charter, and in some cases international humanitarian law, as the foundation of space governance. 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Views differed on emphasis, but many saw these measures as complementary to future legal commitments."}],"words":[{"text":"Chair,","start":3832.31,"end":3832.71},{"text":"Whilst","start":3833.15,"end":3833.47},{"text":"essential","start":3833.47,"end":3833.99},{"text":"to","start":3833.99,"end":3834.15},{"text":"further","start":3834.15,"end":3834.47},{"text":"develop","start":3834.47,"end":3834.87},{"text":"the","start":3834.87,"end":3834.95},{"text":"normative","start":3834.95,"end":3835.43},{"text":"framework","start":3835.43,"end":3835.99},{"text":"for","start":3835.99,"end":3836.15},{"text":"outer","start":3836.15,"end":3836.31},{"text":"space,","start":3836.31,"end":3836.79},{"text":"it's","start":3836.79,"end":3837.11},{"text":"equally","start":3837.11,"end":3837.43},{"text":"important","start":3837.43,"end":3838.11},{"text":"to","start":3838.11,"end":3838.19},{"text":"recognize","start":3838.19,"end":3838.79},{"text":"that","start":3838.79,"end":3838.95},{"text":"international","start":3838.95,"end":3839.95},{"text":"law","start":3839.95,"end":3840.03},{"text":"already","start":3840.15,"end":3840.59},{"text":"applies","start":3840.59,"end":3840.95},{"text":"to","start":3840.95,"end":3841.07},{"text":"activities","start":3841.11,"end":3841.71},{"text":"in","start":3841.71,"end":3841.83},{"text":"outer","start":3841.83,"end":3841.99},{"text":"space.","start":3841.99,"end":3842.55}]},{"text":"This includes, but is not limited to, the five UN treaties on outer space, the Charter of the United Nations, and international humanitarian law.","start":3843.03,"end":3850.87,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-law","label":"International Law and the Outer Space Treaty","description":"Delegations repeatedly referred to the 1967 Outer Space Treaty, the UN Charter, and in some cases international humanitarian law, as the foundation of space governance. 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Several speakers argued that voluntary measures cannot replace binding obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"Placing","start":3862.95,"end":3863.31},{"text":"nuclear","start":3863.31,"end":3863.67},{"text":"weapons","start":3863.67,"end":3864.23},{"text":"or","start":3864.23,"end":3864.39},{"text":"any","start":3864.39,"end":3864.63},{"text":"other","start":3864.63,"end":3864.87},{"text":"kind","start":3864.87,"end":3865.19},{"text":"of","start":3865.19,"end":3865.35},{"text":"weapon","start":3865.35,"end":3865.67},{"text":"of","start":3865.67,"end":3865.75},{"text":"mass","start":3865.75,"end":3866.03},{"text":"destruction","start":3866.03,"end":3866.71},{"text":"in","start":3866.71,"end":3866.95},{"text":"outer","start":3866.95,"end":3867.19},{"text":"space","start":3867.19,"end":3867.67},{"text":"would","start":3867.83,"end":3868.27},{"text":"constitute","start":3868.27,"end":3868.95},{"text":"a","start":3869.03,"end":3869.07},{"text":"serious","start":3869.07,"end":3869.59},{"text":"breach","start":3869.59,"end":3869.99},{"text":"of","start":3870.03,"end":3870.15},{"text":"international","start":3870.15,"end":3871.11},{"text":"law","start":3871.43,"end":3871.51},{"text":"and","start":3871.59,"end":3871.71},{"text":"it","start":3871.71,"end":3871.83},{"text":"would","start":3871.83,"end":3871.99},{"text":"undermine","start":3871.99,"end":3872.71},{"text":"the","start":3872.71,"end":3872.79},{"text":"negotiations","start":3872.79,"end":3873.83},{"text":"in","start":3873.83,"end":3873.99},{"text":"the","start":3873.99,"end":3874.07},{"text":"Open-ended","start":3874.07,"end":3874.63},{"text":"Working","start":3874.63,"end":3874.91},{"text":"Group.","start":3874.91,"end":3875.19}]},{"text":"Chair, in promoting the normative framework and responsible behavior, it is important to recognize that non-aggressive military uses of space, including for reconnaissance, navigation, communication and surveillance, have been widespread and uncontested under the existing treaty regime.","start":3876.55,"end":3895.71,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-law","label":"International Law and the Outer Space Treaty","description":"Delegations repeatedly referred to the 1967 Outer Space Treaty, the UN Charter, and in some cases international humanitarian law, as the foundation of space governance. Speakers emphasized compliance with existing law while some also called for the legal framework to be updated or strengthened."},{"key":"civilian-space-services","label":"Protection of Civilian Space Services","description":"A number of delegations emphasized that societies depend on satellites for communications, navigation, disaster response, banking, climate monitoring and other essential services. They therefore called for stronger protection of civilian and humanitarian space systems from disruption or attack."}],"words":[{"text":"Chair,","start":3876.55,"end":3876.87},{"text":"in","start":3877.99,"end":3878.07},{"text":"promoting","start":3878.07,"end":3878.63},{"text":"the","start":3878.63,"end":3878.71},{"text":"normative","start":3878.71,"end":3879.15},{"text":"framework","start":3879.15,"end":3879.67},{"text":"and","start":3880.07,"end":3880.31},{"text":"responsible","start":3880.31,"end":3880.87},{"text":"behavior,","start":3880.87,"end":3881.43},{"text":"it","start":3881.83,"end":3881.95},{"text":"is","start":3881.95,"end":3882.15},{"text":"important","start":3882.31,"end":3882.87},{"text":"to","start":3882.87,"end":3882.95},{"text":"recognize","start":3882.95,"end":3883.75},{"text":"that","start":3883.99,"end":3884.15},{"text":"non-aggressive","start":3884.15,"end":3884.95},{"text":"military","start":3885.03,"end":3885.59},{"text":"uses","start":3885.59,"end":3885.95},{"text":"of","start":3885.95,"end":3886.07},{"text":"space,","start":3886.07,"end":3886.63},{"text":"including","start":3887.11,"end":3887.59},{"text":"for","start":3887.59,"end":3887.75},{"text":"reconnaissance,","start":3887.75,"end":3888.47},{"text":"navigation,","start":3888.47,"end":3889.19},{"text":"communication","start":3889.43,"end":3890.15},{"text":"and","start":3890.15,"end":3890.27},{"text":"surveillance,","start":3890.27,"end":3891.03},{"text":"have","start":3891.71,"end":3891.87},{"text":"been","start":3891.87,"end":3892.03},{"text":"widespread","start":3892.03,"end":3892.59},{"text":"and","start":3892.59,"end":3892.75},{"text":"uncontested","start":3892.75,"end":3893.63},{"text":"under","start":3893.87,"end":3894.15},{"text":"the","start":3894.15,"end":3894.23},{"text":"existing","start":3894.23,"end":3894.83},{"text":"treaty","start":3894.83,"end":3895.27},{"text":"regime.","start":3895.27,"end":3895.71}]},{"text":"Chair, in closing, we're all astronauts of spaceship Earth, to quote the first Dutch astronaut.","start":3897.47,"end":3905.23,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Chair,","start":3897.47,"end":3897.79},{"text":"in","start":3898.19,"end":3898.35},{"text":"closing,","start":3898.35,"end":3898.91},{"text":"we're","start":3900.19,"end":3900.55},{"text":"all","start":3900.55,"end":3900.83},{"text":"astronauts","start":3900.83,"end":3901.55},{"text":"of","start":3901.59,"end":3901.71},{"text":"spaceship","start":3901.71,"end":3902.35},{"text":"Earth,","start":3902.35,"end":3902.83},{"text":"to","start":3903.15,"end":3903.31},{"text":"quote","start":3903.31,"end":3903.71},{"text":"the","start":3903.71,"end":3903.83},{"text":"first","start":3903.83,"end":3904.19},{"text":"Dutch","start":3904.19,"end":3904.59},{"text":"astronaut.","start":3904.59,"end":3905.23}]},{"text":"We share a common obligation in preserving a sustainable, secure, and safe outer space on which international peace, security, and global development depend.","start":3905.71,"end":3915.15,"topics":[{"key":"space-sustainability","label":"Space Sustainability and Debris","description":"Long-term sustainability of the space environment emerged as a recurring concern, especially regarding debris, large satellite constellations, uncontrolled re-entries and space traffic. Speakers warned that harmful activities in orbit could make parts of space unusable for future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3905.71,"end":3906.03},{"text":"share","start":3906.03,"end":3906.43},{"text":"a","start":3906.43,"end":3906.47},{"text":"common","start":3906.47,"end":3906.67},{"text":"obligation","start":3906.67,"end":3907.39},{"text":"in","start":3907.39,"end":3907.55},{"text":"preserving","start":3907.55,"end":3908.19},{"text":"a","start":3908.67,"end":3908.71},{"text":"sustainable,","start":3908.71,"end":3909.27},{"text":"secure,","start":3909.27,"end":3909.71},{"text":"and","start":3909.71,"end":3909.83},{"text":"safe","start":3909.83,"end":3910.11},{"text":"outer","start":3910.11,"end":3910.27},{"text":"space","start":3910.27,"end":3910.83},{"text":"on","start":3911.43,"end":3911.51},{"text":"which","start":3911.51,"end":3911.87},{"text":"international","start":3911.87,"end":3912.43},{"text":"peace,","start":3912.43,"end":3912.95},{"text":"security,","start":3912.95,"end":3913.55},{"text":"and","start":3913.55,"end":3913.75},{"text":"global","start":3913.75,"end":3914.03},{"text":"development","start":3914.03,"end":3914.55},{"text":"depend.","start":3914.59,"end":3915.15}]},{"text":"It's our collective duty to preserve this outer space for the benefit of humankind.","start":3916.03,"end":3920.83,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"It's","start":3916.03,"end":3916.27},{"text":"our","start":3916.27,"end":3916.39},{"text":"collective","start":3916.39,"end":3916.83},{"text":"duty","start":3916.83,"end":3917.31},{"text":"to","start":3917.63,"end":3917.75},{"text":"preserve","start":3917.75,"end":3918.15},{"text":"this","start":3918.15,"end":3918.35},{"text":"outer","start":3918.35,"end":3918.59},{"text":"space","start":3918.59,"end":3918.91},{"text":"for","start":3919.15,"end":3919.39},{"text":"the","start":3919.39,"end":3919.47},{"text":"benefit","start":3919.47,"end":3920.03},{"text":"of","start":3920.03,"end":3920.15},{"text":"humankind.","start":3920.15,"end":3920.83}]},{"text":"I thank you.","start":3921.27,"end":3921.75,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":3921.27,"end":3921.28},{"text":"thank","start":3921.27,"end":3921.59},{"text":"you.","start":3921.59,"end":3921.75}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"NLD","group":null,"function":null,"affiliation_full":"Netherlands (Kingdom of the)"}},{"statement_number":41,"start":3924.39,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c1/81/15?lang=en&t=1:05:25","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of Netherlands.","start":3924.39,"end":3927.19,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":3924.39,"end":3924.55},{"text":"thank","start":3924.63,"end":3924.95},{"text":"the","start":3924.95,"end":3925.07},{"text":"distinguished","start":3925.11,"end":3925.67},{"text":"representative","start":3925.67,"end":3926.47},{"text":"of","start":3926.47,"end":3926.63},{"text":"Netherlands.","start":3926.63,"end":3927.19}]},{"text":"Now I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Malaysia.","start":3927.19,"end":3930.23,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Now","start":3927.19,"end":3927.43},{"text":"I","start":3927.43,"end":3927.59},{"text":"give","start":3927.59,"end":3927.83},{"text":"the","start":3927.83,"end":3927.91},{"text":"floor","start":3927.91,"end":3928.15},{"text":"to","start":3928.15,"end":3928.27},{"text":"the","start":3928.27,"end":3928.39},{"text":"distinguished","start":3928.39,"end":3928.91},{"text":"representative","start":3928.91,"end":3929.51},{"text":"of","start":3929.51,"end":3929.59},{"text":"Malaysia.","start":3929.59,"end":3930.23}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"1st Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair","affiliation_full":"1st Committee"}},{"statement_number":42,"start":3937.91,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c1/81/15?lang=en&t=1:05:38","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Mr. Chair, Malaysia associates itself to the statements delivered on behalf of NAM and 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They therefore called for stronger protection of civilian and humanitarian space systems from disruption or attack."}],"words":[{"text":"Outer","start":3943.83,"end":3944.07},{"text":"space","start":3944.07,"end":3944.39},{"text":"has","start":3944.39,"end":3944.55},{"text":"become","start":3944.55,"end":3944.87},{"text":"indispensable","start":3944.87,"end":3945.75},{"text":"to","start":3945.75,"end":3945.87},{"text":"our","start":3945.87,"end":3945.99},{"text":"daily","start":3945.99,"end":3946.31},{"text":"lives,","start":3946.31,"end":3946.79},{"text":"economic","start":3946.87,"end":3947.27},{"text":"development,","start":3947.27,"end":3947.99},{"text":"and","start":3947.99,"end":3948.23},{"text":"collective","start":3948.23,"end":3948.63},{"text":"security.","start":3948.63,"end":3949.27}]},{"text":"Yet, as our reliance on space-based technologies deepens, so are the risks arising from growing strategic competition and the development of counter-space capabilities.","start":3949.79,"end":3959.87,"topics":[{"key":"counterspace-threats","label":"Counter-Space Weapons and Anti-Satellite Threats","description":"Several speakers highlighted concrete threats such as anti-satellite missiles, destructive direct-ascent ASAT tests, jamming, spoofing, and other counter-space capabilities. These were presented as urgent risks to stability, security and strategic predictability in space."}],"words":[{"text":"Yet,","start":3949.79,"end":3949.95},{"text":"as","start":3950.35,"end":3950.51},{"text":"our","start":3950.51,"end":3950.71},{"text":"reliance","start":3950.71,"end":3951.31},{"text":"on","start":3951.31,"end":3951.47},{"text":"space-based","start":3951.47,"end":3952.11},{"text":"technologies","start":3952.11,"end":3952.67},{"text":"deepens,","start":3952.67,"end":3953.23},{"text":"so","start":3953.47,"end":3953.79},{"text":"are","start":3953.79,"end":3953.87},{"text":"the","start":3953.87,"end":3953.95},{"text":"risks","start":3953.95,"end":3954.27},{"text":"arising","start":3954.27,"end":3954.83},{"text":"from","start":3954.83,"end":3955.07},{"text":"growing","start":3955.07,"end":3955.47},{"text":"strategic","start":3955.47,"end":3956.07},{"text":"competition","start":3956.07,"end":3956.83},{"text":"and","start":3957.07,"end":3957.35},{"text":"the","start":3957.35,"end":3957.43},{"text":"development","start":3957.43,"end":3958.07},{"text":"of","start":3958.07,"end":3958.27},{"text":"counter-space","start":3958.27,"end":3958.99},{"text":"capabilities.","start":3958.99,"end":3959.87}]},{"text":"Outer space must remain a domain of cooperation, not another arena of confrontation.","start":3960.51,"end":3965.87,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-paros","label":"Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space must remain a peaceful domain and warned against its weaponization or transformation into a theatre of conflict. They framed preventing an arms race in outer space as a core international security objective."}],"words":[{"text":"Outer","start":3960.51,"end":3960.67},{"text":"space","start":3960.67,"end":3961.07},{"text":"must","start":3961.07,"end":3961.47},{"text":"remain","start":3961.47,"end":3961.87},{"text":"a","start":3961.87,"end":3961.95},{"text":"domain","start":3961.95,"end":3962.35},{"text":"of","start":3962.35,"end":3962.51},{"text":"cooperation,","start":3962.51,"end":3963.35},{"text":"not","start":3963.35,"end":3963.63},{"text":"another","start":3963.71,"end":3964.23},{"text":"arena","start":3964.23,"end":3964.83},{"text":"of","start":3964.83,"end":3964.99},{"text":"confrontation.","start":3964.99,"end":3965.87}]},{"text":"Maintaining the use of outer space for exclusively peaceful purposes is imperative, especially in times of rising tension and major power rivalry.","start":3966.51,"end":3975.15,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-paros","label":"Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space must remain a peaceful domain and warned against its weaponization or transformation into a theatre of conflict. They framed preventing an arms race in outer space as a core international security objective."}],"words":[{"text":"Maintaining","start":3966.51,"end":3966.99},{"text":"the","start":3966.99,"end":3967.11},{"text":"use","start":3967.11,"end":3967.47},{"text":"of","start":3967.47,"end":3967.63},{"text":"outer","start":3967.63,"end":3967.87},{"text":"space","start":3967.87,"end":3968.27},{"text":"for","start":3968.27,"end":3968.43},{"text":"exclusively","start":3968.43,"end":3969.07},{"text":"peaceful","start":3969.07,"end":3969.47},{"text":"purposes","start":3969.47,"end":3970.11},{"text":"is","start":3970.27,"end":3970.51},{"text":"imperative,","start":3970.51,"end":3971.23},{"text":"especially","start":3971.31,"end":3971.95},{"text":"in","start":3971.95,"end":3972.11},{"text":"times","start":3972.11,"end":3972.43},{"text":"of","start":3972.43,"end":3972.59},{"text":"rising","start":3972.59,"end":3972.91},{"text":"tension","start":3972.91,"end":3973.47},{"text":"and","start":3973.71,"end":3973.95},{"text":"major","start":3973.95,"end":3974.27},{"text":"power","start":3974.27,"end":3974.63},{"text":"rivalry.","start":3974.63,"end":3975.15}]},{"text":"Malaysia remains deeply concerned over the risk of an arms race in outer space.","start":3975.83,"end":3979.87,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-paros","label":"Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space must remain a peaceful domain and warned against its weaponization or transformation into a theatre of conflict. They framed preventing an arms race in outer space as a core international security objective."}],"words":[{"text":"Malaysia","start":3975.83,"end":3976.11},{"text":"remains","start":3976.11,"end":3976.43},{"text":"deeply","start":3976.43,"end":3976.71},{"text":"concerned","start":3976.71,"end":3977.31},{"text":"over","start":3977.39,"end":3977.63},{"text":"the","start":3977.63,"end":3977.71},{"text":"risk","start":3977.71,"end":3978.15},{"text":"of","start":3978.15,"end":3978.27},{"text":"an","start":3978.27,"end":3978.43},{"text":"arms","start":3978.43,"end":3978.67},{"text":"race","start":3978.67,"end":3978.87},{"text":"in","start":3978.87,"end":3979.15},{"text":"outer","start":3979.15,"end":3979.31},{"text":"space.","start":3979.31,"end":3979.87}]},{"text":"We firmly oppose the placement of weapons in outer space and the threat or use of force against space objects.","start":3979.95,"end":3986.19,"topics":[{"key":"binding-space-instrument","label":"Legally Binding Space Security Instrument","description":"A major theme was the call for negotiations on a universal, multilaterally negotiated and verifiable legal instrument to prohibit weapons in outer space and attacks against space objects. Several speakers argued that voluntary measures cannot replace binding obligations."},{"key":"outer-space-paros","label":"Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space must remain a peaceful domain and warned against its weaponization or transformation into a theatre of conflict. They framed preventing an arms race in outer space as a core international security objective."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3979.95,"end":3980.11},{"text":"firmly","start":3980.11,"end":3980.47},{"text":"oppose","start":3980.47,"end":3980.91},{"text":"the","start":3980.91,"end":3981.03},{"text":"placement","start":3981.03,"end":3981.59},{"text":"of","start":3981.59,"end":3981.71},{"text":"weapons","start":3981.71,"end":3982.51},{"text":"in","start":3982.59,"end":3982.83},{"text":"outer","start":3982.83,"end":3982.99},{"text":"space","start":3982.99,"end":3983.39},{"text":"and","start":3983.39,"end":3983.55},{"text":"the","start":3983.55,"end":3983.63},{"text":"threat","start":3983.63,"end":3984.03},{"text":"or","start":3984.11,"end":3984.39},{"text":"use","start":3984.39,"end":3984.59},{"text":"of","start":3984.59,"end":3984.67},{"text":"force","start":3984.67,"end":3985.07},{"text":"against","start":3985.07,"end":3985.35},{"text":"space","start":3985.35,"end":3985.63},{"text":"objects.","start":3985.63,"end":3986.19}]},{"text":"Malaysia reiterates the urgent need for an international legally binding instrument to prevent an arms race in outer space.","start":3986.59,"end":3993.15,"topics":[{"key":"binding-space-instrument","label":"Legally Binding Space Security Instrument","description":"A major theme was the call for negotiations on a universal, multilaterally negotiated and verifiable legal instrument to prohibit weapons in outer space and attacks against space objects. Several speakers argued that voluntary measures cannot replace binding obligations."},{"key":"outer-space-paros","label":"Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space must remain a peaceful domain and warned against its weaponization or transformation into a theatre of conflict. They framed preventing an arms race in outer space as a core international security objective."}],"words":[{"text":"Malaysia","start":3986.59,"end":3986.99},{"text":"reiterates","start":3986.99,"end":3987.47},{"text":"the","start":3987.47,"end":3987.59},{"text":"urgent","start":3987.59,"end":3987.99},{"text":"need","start":3987.99,"end":3988.19},{"text":"for","start":3988.27,"end":3988.43},{"text":"an","start":3988.43,"end":3988.59},{"text":"international","start":3988.59,"end":3989.31},{"text":"legally","start":3989.47,"end":3989.87},{"text":"binding","start":3989.87,"end":3990.27},{"text":"instrument","start":3990.27,"end":3990.87},{"text":"to","start":3990.99,"end":3991.07},{"text":"prevent","start":3991.23,"end":3991.67},{"text":"an","start":3991.67,"end":3991.79},{"text":"arms","start":3991.79,"end":3992.07},{"text":"race","start":3992.07,"end":3992.31},{"text":"in","start":3992.31,"end":3992.51},{"text":"outer","start":3992.51,"end":3992.67},{"text":"space.","start":3992.67,"end":3993.15}]},{"text":"While confidence building measures have their merits, they must complement, not replace legally binding commitments.","start":3993.43,"end":3999.55,"topics":[{"key":"binding-space-instrument","label":"Legally Binding Space Security Instrument","description":"A major theme was the call for negotiations on a universal, multilaterally negotiated and verifiable legal instrument to prohibit weapons in outer space and attacks against space objects. Several speakers argued that voluntary measures cannot replace binding obligations."},{"key":"responsible-behavior-norms","label":"Norms, Rules and Confidence-Building Measures","description":"Numerous statements supported developing norms, rules, principles of responsible behaviour, and transparency and confidence-building measures to reduce mistrust, miscalculation and escalation. Views differed on emphasis, but many saw these measures as complementary to future legal commitments."}],"words":[{"text":"While","start":3993.43,"end":3993.71},{"text":"confidence","start":3993.71,"end":3994.19},{"text":"building","start":3994.19,"end":3994.47},{"text":"measures","start":3994.47,"end":3994.83},{"text":"have","start":3994.83,"end":3994.99},{"text":"their","start":3994.99,"end":3995.15},{"text":"merits,","start":3995.15,"end":3995.71},{"text":"they","start":3995.79,"end":3995.95},{"text":"must","start":3995.95,"end":3996.15},{"text":"complement,","start":3996.15,"end":3996.79},{"text":"not","start":3997.07,"end":3997.47},{"text":"replace","start":3997.63,"end":3998.11},{"text":"legally","start":3998.11,"end":3998.51},{"text":"binding","start":3998.51,"end":3998.91},{"text":"commitments.","start":3998.91,"end":3999.55}]},{"text":"Mr. Chair, Malaysia welcomes the continued substantive deliberations of the OEWG on PAROS, including its third session held this year.","start":4000.07,"end":4007.39,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":4000.07,"end":4000.27},{"text":"Chair,","start":4000.27,"end":4000.67},{"text":"Malaysia","start":4000.99,"end":4001.31},{"text":"welcomes","start":4001.31,"end":4001.67},{"text":"the","start":4001.67,"end":4001.79},{"text":"continued","start":4001.79,"end":4002.23},{"text":"substantive","start":4002.23,"end":4002.79},{"text":"deliberations","start":4002.79,"end":4003.55},{"text":"of","start":4003.55,"end":4003.71},{"text":"the","start":4003.71,"end":4003.83},{"text":"OEWG","start":4003.83,"end":4004.59},{"text":"on","start":4004.59,"end":4004.75},{"text":"PAROS,","start":4004.75,"end":4005.23},{"text":"including","start":4005.23,"end":4005.71},{"text":"its","start":4005.71,"end":4005.87},{"text":"third","start":4005.87,"end":4006.11},{"text":"session","start":4006.11,"end":4006.59},{"text":"held","start":4006.59,"end":4006.83},{"text":"this","start":4006.83,"end":4007.07},{"text":"year.","start":4007.07,"end":4007.39}]},{"text":"We encourage all delegations to engage constructively in identifying areas of convergence and advancing practical measures to address existing and emerging space threats.","start":4007.79,"end":4017.71,"topics":[{"key":"counterspace-threats","label":"Counter-Space Weapons and Anti-Satellite Threats","description":"Several speakers highlighted concrete threats such as anti-satellite missiles, destructive direct-ascent ASAT tests, jamming, spoofing, and other counter-space capabilities. These were presented as urgent risks to stability, security and strategic predictability in space."},{"key":"responsible-behavior-norms","label":"Norms, Rules and Confidence-Building Measures","description":"Numerous statements supported developing norms, rules, principles of responsible behaviour, and transparency and confidence-building measures to reduce mistrust, miscalculation and escalation. Views differed on emphasis, but many saw these measures as complementary to future legal commitments."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4007.79,"end":4007.91},{"text":"encourage","start":4007.91,"end":4008.35},{"text":"all","start":4008.35,"end":4008.51},{"text":"delegations","start":4008.51,"end":4009.15},{"text":"to","start":4009.15,"end":4009.27},{"text":"engage","start":4009.27,"end":4009.59},{"text":"constructively","start":4009.59,"end":4010.43},{"text":"in","start":4010.75,"end":4010.99},{"text":"identifying","start":4010.99,"end":4011.71},{"text":"areas","start":4011.71,"end":4012.07},{"text":"of","start":4012.07,"end":4012.19},{"text":"convergence","start":4012.19,"end":4012.91},{"text":"and","start":4012.99,"end":4013.11},{"text":"advancing","start":4013.15,"end":4013.91},{"text":"practical","start":4013.91,"end":4014.43},{"text":"measures","start":4014.43,"end":4014.91},{"text":"to","start":4015.15,"end":4015.27},{"text":"address","start":4015.27,"end":4015.63},{"text":"existing","start":4015.63,"end":4016.27},{"text":"and","start":4016.27,"end":4016.39},{"text":"emerging","start":4016.39,"end":4016.83},{"text":"space","start":4016.83,"end":4017.19},{"text":"threats.","start":4017.19,"end":4017.71}]},{"text":"Our differences in approach must not become an obstacle to our shared responsibility to prevent an arms race in outer space.","start":4018.35,"end":4025.39,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-paros","label":"Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space must remain a peaceful domain and warned against its weaponization or transformation into a theatre of conflict. They framed preventing an arms race in outer space as a core international security objective."}],"words":[{"text":"Our","start":4018.35,"end":4018.51},{"text":"differences","start":4018.51,"end":4019.07},{"text":"in","start":4019.07,"end":4019.19},{"text":"approach","start":4019.19,"end":4019.71},{"text":"must","start":4019.71,"end":4020.07},{"text":"not","start":4020.07,"end":4020.35},{"text":"become","start":4020.35,"end":4020.91},{"text":"an","start":4020.91,"end":4021.15},{"text":"obstacle","start":4021.15,"end":4021.87},{"text":"to","start":4021.87,"end":4021.99},{"text":"our","start":4021.99,"end":4022.19},{"text":"shared","start":4022.19,"end":4022.51},{"text":"responsibility","start":4022.51,"end":4023.31},{"text":"to","start":4023.31,"end":4023.47},{"text":"prevent","start":4023.47,"end":4023.87},{"text":"an","start":4023.87,"end":4024.03},{"text":"arms","start":4024.03,"end":4024.31},{"text":"race","start":4024.31,"end":4024.59},{"text":"in","start":4024.59,"end":4024.83},{"text":"outer","start":4024.83,"end":4024.99},{"text":"space.","start":4024.99,"end":4025.39}]},{"text":"In this endeavor, Malaysia reiterates the importance of an inclusive and coherent multilateral process with the equitable participation of all states, particularly developing countries.","start":4025.91,"end":4036.39,"topics":[{"key":"equitable-space-access","label":"Equitable Access and Capacity Building","description":"Many delegations argued that all states, especially developing countries, should benefit from peaceful space activities on a non-discriminatory basis. They called for stronger international cooperation, technology transfer, training, data sharing and capacity building."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":4025.91,"end":4025.95},{"text":"this","start":4025.99,"end":4026.31},{"text":"endeavor,","start":4026.31,"end":4026.95},{"text":"Malaysia","start":4027.11,"end":4027.43},{"text":"reiterates","start":4027.43,"end":4027.99},{"text":"the","start":4027.99,"end":4028.19},{"text":"importance","start":4028.19,"end":4028.79},{"text":"of","start":4028.79,"end":4028.91},{"text":"an","start":4028.91,"end":4029.03},{"text":"inclusive","start":4029.03,"end":4029.67},{"text":"and","start":4029.67,"end":4029.83},{"text":"coherent","start":4029.83,"end":4030.31},{"text":"multilateral","start":4030.31,"end":4030.87},{"text":"process","start":4030.87,"end":4031.43},{"text":"with","start":4031.75,"end":4031.95},{"text":"the","start":4031.95,"end":4032.03},{"text":"equitable","start":4032.03,"end":4032.71},{"text":"participation","start":4032.71,"end":4033.35},{"text":"of","start":4033.35,"end":4033.51},{"text":"all","start":4033.51,"end":4033.67},{"text":"states,","start":4033.67,"end":4034.15},{"text":"particularly","start":4034.31,"end":4035.11},{"text":"developing","start":4035.11,"end":4035.75},{"text":"countries.","start":4035.75,"end":4036.39}]},{"text":"Malaysia's commitment to the peaceful uses of outer space is reflected in the full implementation of the Malaysian Space Board Act 2022, our accession to the Convention on Registration of Objects Launched into Outer Space, and ratification of the 1967 Outer Space Treaty in 2025.","start":4036.95,"end":4052.63,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-law","label":"International Law and the Outer Space Treaty","description":"Delegations repeatedly referred to the 1967 Outer Space Treaty, the UN Charter, and in some cases international humanitarian law, as the foundation of space governance. Speakers emphasized compliance with existing law while some also called for the legal framework to be updated or strengthened."}],"words":[{"text":"Malaysia's","start":4036.95,"end":4037.35},{"text":"commitment","start":4037.35,"end":4037.83},{"text":"to","start":4037.83,"end":4037.91},{"text":"the","start":4037.91,"end":4037.99},{"text":"peaceful","start":4037.99,"end":4038.39},{"text":"uses","start":4038.39,"end":4038.79},{"text":"of","start":4038.79,"end":4038.95},{"text":"outer","start":4038.95,"end":4039.11},{"text":"space","start":4039.11,"end":4039.51},{"text":"is","start":4039.51,"end":4039.67},{"text":"reflected","start":4039.67,"end":4040.19},{"text":"in","start":4040.19,"end":4040.31},{"text":"the","start":4040.31,"end":4040.39},{"text":"full","start":4040.39,"end":4040.67},{"text":"implementation","start":4040.67,"end":4041.43},{"text":"of","start":4041.43,"end":4041.51},{"text":"the","start":4041.51,"end":4041.59},{"text":"Malaysian","start":4041.59,"end":4042.07},{"text":"Space","start":4042.07,"end":4042.47},{"text":"Board","start":4042.47,"end":4042.79},{"text":"Act","start":4042.79,"end":4043.07},{"text":"2022,","start":4043.07,"end":4043.91},{"text":"our","start":4043.99,"end":4044.07},{"text":"accession","start":4044.15,"end":4044.95},{"text":"to","start":4044.95,"end":4045.11},{"text":"the","start":4045.11,"end":4045.27},{"text":"Convention","start":4045.27,"end":4045.83},{"text":"on","start":4045.83,"end":4045.91},{"text":"Registration","start":4045.91,"end":4046.51},{"text":"of","start":4046.51,"end":4046.63},{"text":"Objects","start":4046.63,"end":4047.03},{"text":"Launched","start":4047.03,"end":4047.31},{"text":"into","start":4047.31,"end":4047.59},{"text":"Outer","start":4047.59,"end":4047.75},{"text":"Space,","start":4047.75,"end":4048.15},{"text":"and","start":4048.47,"end":4048.67},{"text":"ratification","start":4048.67,"end":4049.35},{"text":"of","start":4049.35,"end":4049.43},{"text":"the","start":4049.43,"end":4049.55},{"text":"1967","start":4049.55,"end":4050.63},{"text":"Outer","start":4050.63,"end":4050.79},{"text":"Space","start":4050.79,"end":4051.11},{"text":"Treaty","start":4051.11,"end":4051.43},{"text":"in","start":4051.43,"end":4051.59},{"text":"2025.","start":4051.59,"end":4052.63}]},{"text":"Building on this momentum, Malaysia is actively preparing to ratify and accede to two additional UN space treaties.","start":4053.47,"end":4059.79,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-law","label":"International Law and the Outer Space Treaty","description":"Delegations repeatedly referred to the 1967 Outer Space Treaty, the UN Charter, and in some cases international humanitarian law, as the foundation of space governance. Speakers emphasized compliance with existing law while some also called for the legal framework to be updated or strengthened."}],"words":[{"text":"Building","start":4053.47,"end":4053.71},{"text":"on","start":4053.71,"end":4053.87},{"text":"this","start":4053.87,"end":4054.03},{"text":"momentum,","start":4054.03,"end":4054.67},{"text":"Malaysia","start":4054.99,"end":4055.27},{"text":"is","start":4055.27,"end":4055.51},{"text":"actively","start":4055.51,"end":4055.95},{"text":"preparing","start":4055.95,"end":4056.43},{"text":"to","start":4056.43,"end":4056.51},{"text":"ratify","start":4056.51,"end":4057.07},{"text":"and","start":4057.07,"end":4057.23},{"text":"accede","start":4057.23,"end":4057.63},{"text":"to","start":4057.83,"end":4057.91},{"text":"two","start":4057.95,"end":4058.19},{"text":"additional","start":4058.19,"end":4058.59},{"text":"UN","start":4058.59,"end":4058.91},{"text":"space","start":4058.91,"end":4059.23},{"text":"treaties.","start":4059.23,"end":4059.79}]},{"text":"These ongoing initiatives reaffirm our commitment to international law and the responsible, safe, and sustainable use of outer space.","start":4060.19,"end":4068.19,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-law","label":"International Law and the Outer Space Treaty","description":"Delegations repeatedly referred to the 1967 Outer Space Treaty, the UN Charter, and in some cases international humanitarian law, as the foundation of space governance. 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Speakers warned that harmful activities in orbit could make parts of space unusable for future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"Ireland","start":4315.91,"end":4316.27},{"text":"remains","start":4316.27,"end":4316.63},{"text":"firmly","start":4316.63,"end":4316.95},{"text":"committed","start":4316.95,"end":4317.43},{"text":"to","start":4317.43,"end":4317.55},{"text":"preventing","start":4317.55,"end":4318.07},{"text":"an","start":4318.07,"end":4318.15},{"text":"arms","start":4318.15,"end":4318.39},{"text":"race","start":4318.39,"end":4318.63},{"text":"in","start":4318.63,"end":4318.79},{"text":"outer","start":4318.79,"end":4319.03},{"text":"space","start":4319.03,"end":4319.43},{"text":"and","start":4319.75,"end":4319.91},{"text":"to","start":4319.91,"end":4319.99},{"text":"preserving","start":4319.99,"end":4320.47},{"text":"a","start":4320.55,"end":4320.59},{"text":"safe,","start":4320.59,"end":4320.95},{"text":"secure","start":4320.95,"end":4321.59},{"text":"and","start":4321.59,"end":4321.75},{"text":"sustainable","start":4321.75,"end":4322.31},{"text":"space","start":4322.31,"end":4322.63},{"text":"environment.","start":4322.63,"end":4323.35}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"Outer space must be used exclusively for peaceful purposes on an equitable basis for the benefit of all humankind.","start":4323.91,"end":4330.63,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-paros","label":"Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space must remain a peaceful domain and warned against its weaponization or transformation into a theatre of conflict. 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They therefore called for stronger protection of civilian and humanitarian space systems from disruption or attack."}],"words":[{"text":"Our","start":4331.19,"end":4331.39},{"text":"economies,","start":4331.39,"end":4331.99},{"text":"essential","start":4331.99,"end":4332.43},{"text":"civilian","start":4332.43,"end":4332.79},{"text":"infrastructure,","start":4332.79,"end":4333.59},{"text":"and","start":4333.67,"end":4333.79},{"text":"progress","start":4333.91,"end":4334.35},{"text":"towards","start":4334.35,"end":4334.67},{"text":"the","start":4334.67,"end":4334.75},{"text":"Sustainable","start":4334.75,"end":4335.27},{"text":"Development","start":4335.27,"end":4335.75},{"text":"Goals","start":4335.75,"end":4336.07},{"text":"all","start":4336.39,"end":4336.55},{"text":"rely","start":4336.55,"end":4336.95},{"text":"on","start":4336.95,"end":4337.11},{"text":"satellites","start":4337.11,"end":4337.67},{"text":"and","start":4337.67,"end":4337.83},{"text":"other","start":4337.83,"end":4338.15},{"text":"space-based","start":4338.15,"end":4338.63},{"text":"systems.","start":4338.63,"end":4339.27}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"All states, spacefaring or otherwise, share a responsibility to strengthen the safety, security, and sustainability of outer space activities.","start":4339.67,"end":4347.43,"topics":[{"key":"space-sustainability","label":"Space Sustainability and Debris","description":"Long-term sustainability of the space environment emerged as a recurring concern, especially regarding debris, large satellite constellations, uncontrolled re-entries and space traffic. Speakers warned that harmful activities in orbit could make parts of space unusable for future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"All","start":4339.67,"end":4339.83},{"text":"states,","start":4339.83,"end":4340.51},{"text":"spacefaring","start":4340.51,"end":4341.11},{"text":"or","start":4341.11,"end":4341.35},{"text":"otherwise,","start":4341.35,"end":4341.91},{"text":"share","start":4342.15,"end":4342.43},{"text":"a","start":4342.43,"end":4342.47},{"text":"responsibility","start":4342.47,"end":4343.35},{"text":"to","start":4343.35,"end":4343.43},{"text":"strengthen","start":4343.43,"end":4343.91},{"text":"the","start":4343.91,"end":4343.99},{"text":"safety,","start":4343.99,"end":4344.47},{"text":"security,","start":4344.47,"end":4345.11},{"text":"and","start":4345.11,"end":4345.31},{"text":"sustainability","start":4345.31,"end":4346.11},{"text":"of","start":4346.11,"end":4346.23},{"text":"outer","start":4346.23,"end":4346.47},{"text":"space","start":4346.47,"end":4346.71},{"text":"activities.","start":4346.71,"end":4347.43}]},{"text":"Chair, recalling the obligations set out in the Outer Space Treaty, Ireland restates its opposition to the placement of weapons of any kind in outer space.","start":4348.15,"end":4356.31,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-law","label":"International Law and the Outer Space Treaty","description":"Delegations repeatedly referred to the 1967 Outer Space Treaty, the UN Charter, and in some cases international humanitarian law, as the foundation of space governance. 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They framed preventing an arms race in outer space as a core international security objective."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":4356.75,"end":4356.87},{"text":"development,","start":4356.87,"end":4357.47},{"text":"deployment,","start":4357.47,"end":4357.95},{"text":"or","start":4357.95,"end":4358.11},{"text":"testing","start":4358.11,"end":4358.47},{"text":"of","start":4358.47,"end":4358.59},{"text":"nuclear","start":4358.59,"end":4359.15},{"text":"or","start":4359.15,"end":4359.23},{"text":"other","start":4359.23,"end":4359.47},{"text":"weapons","start":4359.47,"end":4359.83},{"text":"in","start":4359.83,"end":4359.95},{"text":"orbit,","start":4359.95,"end":4360.43},{"text":"as","start":4360.67,"end":4360.83},{"text":"well","start":4360.83,"end":4360.99},{"text":"as","start":4360.99,"end":4361.07},{"text":"the","start":4361.07,"end":4361.15},{"text":"proliferation","start":4361.15,"end":4361.87},{"text":"of","start":4361.87,"end":4362.03},{"text":"anti-satellite","start":4362.03,"end":4362.79},{"text":"technology.","start":4362.79,"end":4363.39}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"Not only pose serious risks to global communications and the functioning of modern societies, but also risk grave humanitarian consequences.","start":4363.71,"end":4370.99,"topics":[{"key":"counterspace-threats","label":"Counter-Space Weapons and Anti-Satellite Threats","description":"Several speakers highlighted concrete threats such as anti-satellite missiles, destructive direct-ascent ASAT tests, jamming, spoofing, and other counter-space capabilities. 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They therefore called for stronger protection of civilian and humanitarian space systems from disruption or attack."}],"words":[{"text":"Not","start":4363.71,"end":4363.95},{"text":"only","start":4363.95,"end":4364.19},{"text":"pose","start":4364.19,"end":4364.43},{"text":"serious","start":4364.43,"end":4364.83},{"text":"risks","start":4364.83,"end":4365.23},{"text":"to","start":4365.23,"end":4365.31},{"text":"global","start":4365.31,"end":4365.59},{"text":"communications","start":4365.59,"end":4366.43},{"text":"and","start":4366.43,"end":4366.55},{"text":"the","start":4366.55,"end":4366.63},{"text":"functioning","start":4366.63,"end":4367.07},{"text":"of","start":4367.07,"end":4367.15},{"text":"modern","start":4367.15,"end":4367.47},{"text":"societies,","start":4367.47,"end":4368.11},{"text":"but","start":4368.43,"end":4368.59},{"text":"also","start":4368.59,"end":4368.83},{"text":"risk","start":4368.83,"end":4369.15},{"text":"grave","start":4369.15,"end":4369.39},{"text":"humanitarian","start":4369.39,"end":4370.03},{"text":"consequences.","start":4370.03,"end":4370.99}]},{"text":"Ireland supports a comprehensive approach within the multilateral system to address such threats, and emphasizes that civilian space-based services must be protected, including in situations of armed conflict, in accordance with international humanitarian.","start":4371.47,"end":4384.91,"topics":[{"key":"civilian-space-services","label":"Protection of Civilian Space Services","description":"A number of delegations emphasized that societies depend on satellites for communications, navigation, disaster response, banking, climate monitoring and other essential services. 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Chair, outer space is a global commons and it requires global governance.","start":4384.91,"end":4389.99,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-law","label":"International Law and the Outer Space Treaty","description":"Delegations repeatedly referred to the 1967 Outer Space Treaty, the UN Charter, and in some cases international humanitarian law, as the foundation of space governance. Speakers emphasized compliance with existing law while some also called for the legal framework to be updated or strengthened."},{"key":"outer-space-paros","label":"Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space must remain a peaceful domain and warned against its weaponization or transformation into a theatre of conflict. They framed preventing an arms race in outer space as a core international security objective."}],"words":[{"text":"Law.","start":4384.91,"end":4385.15},{"text":"Chair,","start":4386.07,"end":4386.39},{"text":"outer","start":4386.55,"end":4386.87},{"text":"space","start":4386.87,"end":4387.19},{"text":"is","start":4387.19,"end":4387.35},{"text":"a","start":4387.35,"end":4387.43},{"text":"global","start":4387.43,"end":4387.75},{"text":"commons","start":4387.75,"end":4388.23},{"text":"and","start":4388.23,"end":4388.39},{"text":"it","start":4388.39,"end":4388.47},{"text":"requires","start":4388.47,"end":4388.95},{"text":"global","start":4388.95,"end":4389.27},{"text":"governance.","start":4389.27,"end":4389.99}]},{"text":"Ireland attaches great importance to developing rules, norms and principles of responsible behaviour grounded in existing international law to reduce space threats.","start":4390.47,"end":4399.27,"topics":[{"key":"responsible-behavior-norms","label":"Norms, Rules and Confidence-Building Measures","description":"Numerous statements supported developing norms, rules, principles of responsible behaviour, and transparency and confidence-building measures to reduce mistrust, miscalculation and escalation. 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Several speakers argued that voluntary measures cannot replace binding obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"Preventing","start":4405.87,"end":4406.31},{"text":"an","start":4406.31,"end":4406.43},{"text":"arms","start":4406.43,"end":4406.71},{"text":"race","start":4406.71,"end":4406.95},{"text":"in","start":4406.95,"end":4407.07},{"text":"outer","start":4407.07,"end":4407.31},{"text":"space","start":4407.31,"end":4407.71},{"text":"and","start":4407.71,"end":4407.87},{"text":"maintaining","start":4407.87,"end":4408.35},{"text":"a","start":4408.35,"end":4408.43},{"text":"safe","start":4408.43,"end":4408.75},{"text":"and","start":4408.75,"end":4408.87},{"text":"secure","start":4408.87,"end":4409.31},{"text":"outer","start":4409.31,"end":4409.55},{"text":"space","start":4409.55,"end":4409.87},{"text":"require","start":4410.19,"end":4410.59},{"text":"both","start":4410.59,"end":4410.79},{"text":"legal","start":4410.79,"end":4411.15},{"text":"measures","start":4411.15,"end":4411.63},{"text":"and","start":4411.71,"end":4411.99},{"text":"non-binding","start":4411.99,"end":4412.59},{"text":"norms","start":4412.59,"end":4412.87},{"text":"of","start":4412.87,"end":4412.95},{"text":"responsible","start":4412.95,"end":4413.47},{"text":"behavior.","start":4413.47,"end":4414.03}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"These approaches are complementary.","start":4414.51,"end":4416.11,"topics":[{"key":"responsible-behavior-norms","label":"Norms, Rules and Confidence-Building Measures","description":"Numerous statements supported developing norms, rules, principles of responsible behaviour, and transparency and confidence-building measures to reduce mistrust, miscalculation and escalation. 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Several speakers argued that voluntary measures cannot replace binding obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"Norms","start":4416.43,"end":4416.79},{"text":"can","start":4416.79,"end":4416.95},{"text":"lay","start":4416.95,"end":4417.15},{"text":"the","start":4417.15,"end":4417.23},{"text":"groundwork","start":4417.23,"end":4417.75},{"text":"for","start":4417.75,"end":4417.87},{"text":"legal","start":4417.87,"end":4418.19},{"text":"instruments.","start":4418.19,"end":4418.91}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"While Ireland sees merit in the eventual negotiation of legally binding instruments, we consider voluntary pragmatic measures to be both necessary and achievable.","start":4419.19,"end":4427.71,"topics":[{"key":"binding-space-instrument","label":"Legally Binding Space Security Instrument","description":"A major theme was the call for negotiations on a universal, multilaterally negotiated and verifiable legal instrument to prohibit weapons in outer space and attacks against space objects. 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Chair.","start":4487.07,"end":4488.19,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":4487.07,"end":4487.31},{"text":"you,","start":4487.31,"end":4487.39},{"text":"Mr.","start":4487.39,"end":4487.79},{"text":"Chair.","start":4487.79,"end":4488.19}]},{"text":"Hungary associates itself with the statement delivered by the EU.","start":4488.75,"end":4492.35,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Hungary","start":4488.75,"end":4489.15},{"text":"associates","start":4489.15,"end":4489.79},{"text":"itself","start":4489.79,"end":4490.23},{"text":"with","start":4490.23,"end":4490.39},{"text":"the","start":4490.39,"end":4490.47},{"text":"statement","start":4490.47,"end":4491.07},{"text":"delivered","start":4491.07,"end":4491.47},{"text":"by","start":4491.47,"end":4491.63},{"text":"the","start":4491.63,"end":4491.71},{"text":"EU.","start":4491.71,"end":4492.35}]},{"text":"The full statement will be available 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Several speakers argued that voluntary measures cannot replace binding obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"Discussions","start":4582.03,"end":4582.83},{"text":"should","start":4582.83,"end":4583.15},{"text":"remain","start":4583.15,"end":4583.55},{"text":"inclusive","start":4583.55,"end":4584.27},{"text":"and","start":4584.27,"end":4584.39},{"text":"pragmatic","start":4584.39,"end":4585.07},{"text":"without","start":4585.07,"end":4585.31},{"text":"prejudging","start":4585.31,"end":4585.95},{"text":"the","start":4585.95,"end":4586.07},{"text":"future","start":4586.07,"end":4586.51},{"text":"measures,","start":4586.51,"end":4587.15},{"text":"including","start":4587.39,"end":4587.95},{"text":"the","start":4587.95,"end":4588.07},{"text":"possibility","start":4588.07,"end":4588.87},{"text":"of","start":4588.87,"end":4588.99},{"text":"legally","start":4588.99,"end":4589.47},{"text":"binding","start":4589.47,"end":4589.95},{"text":"instruments.","start":4589.95,"end":4590.75}]},{"text":"Hungary strongly supports establishing a universal norm against destructive direct ascent anti-satellite missile tests, which create orbital debris and pose discriminate risk to human space flight and space assets in this regard we welcome the US initiative launched in 2022 to establish a voluntary moratorium on distractive daa set testing Hungary co-sponsor the relevant G resolution and join the initiative, we encourage states to follow suit.","start":4590.91,"end":4621.39,"topics":[{"key":"counterspace-threats","label":"Counter-Space Weapons and Anti-Satellite Threats","description":"Several speakers highlighted concrete threats such as anti-satellite missiles, destructive direct-ascent ASAT tests, jamming, spoofing, and other counter-space capabilities. 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action undermining this fundamental obligation would have great consequences for international security and strategic stability.","start":4632.03,"end":4640.35,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Any","start":4632.03,"end":4632.43},{"text":"action","start":4632.43,"end":4632.91},{"text":"undermining","start":4632.91,"end":4633.63},{"text":"this","start":4633.63,"end":4633.87},{"text":"fundamental","start":4633.87,"end":4634.63},{"text":"obligation","start":4634.63,"end":4635.39},{"text":"would","start":4635.63,"end":4635.79},{"text":"have","start":4635.79,"end":4636.03},{"text":"great","start":4636.03,"end":4636.43},{"text":"consequences","start":4636.43,"end":4637.31},{"text":"for","start":4637.31,"end":4637.47},{"text":"international","start":4637.47,"end":4638.19},{"text":"security","start":4638.19,"end":4638.83},{"text":"and","start":4638.83,"end":4638.95},{"text":"strategic","start":4638.95,"end":4639.55},{"text":"stability.","start":4639.55,"end":4640.35}]},{"text":"I thank 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Iraq.","start":4646.63,"end":4649.99,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Now","start":4646.63,"end":4646.95},{"text":"I","start":4646.95,"end":4647.11},{"text":"give","start":4647.11,"end":4647.35},{"text":"the","start":4647.35,"end":4647.51},{"text":"floor","start":4647.51,"end":4647.75},{"text":"to","start":4647.75,"end":4647.83},{"text":"the","start":4647.83,"end":4647.99},{"text":"distinguished","start":4647.99,"end":4648.47},{"text":"representative","start":4648.47,"end":4649.19},{"text":"of","start":4649.19,"end":4649.43},{"text":"Iraq.","start":4649.47,"end":4649.99}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"1st Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair","affiliation_full":"1st Committee"}},{"statement_number":50,"start":4653.79,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c1/81/15?lang=en&t=1:17:34","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Mr. Chair.","start":4653.79,"end":4657.83,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":4653.79,"end":4654.07},{"text":"you,","start":4655.35,"end":4655.67},{"text":"Mr.","start":4656.87,"end":4657.27},{"text":"Chair.","start":4657.27,"end":4657.83}]},{"text":"Iraq aligns itself with the statements delivered by the Arab Group and the Non-Aligned Movement.","start":4657.83,"end":4661.19,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Iraq","start":4657.83,"end":4657.99},{"text":"aligns","start":4657.99,"end":4658.31},{"text":"itself","start":4658.31,"end":4658.67},{"text":"with","start":4658.67,"end":4658.79},{"text":"the","start":4658.79,"end":4658.87},{"text":"statements","start":4658.87,"end":4659.23},{"text":"delivered","start":4659.23,"end":4659.55},{"text":"by","start":4659.55,"end":4659.75},{"text":"the","start":4659.75,"end":4659.87},{"text":"Arab","start":4659.87,"end":4660.11},{"text":"Group","start":4660.11,"end":4660.35},{"text":"and","start":4660.35,"end":4660.47},{"text":"the","start":4660.47,"end":4660.55},{"text":"Non-Aligned","start":4660.55,"end":4660.91},{"text":"Movement.","start":4660.91,"end":4661.19}]},{"text":"We'd like to make the following remarks in our national capacity.","start":4661.19,"end":4663.91,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We'd","start":4661.19,"end":4661.43},{"text":"like","start":4661.43,"end":4661.55},{"text":"to","start":4661.55,"end":4661.63},{"text":"make","start":4661.63,"end":4661.75},{"text":"the","start":4661.75,"end":4661.83},{"text":"following","start":4661.83,"end":4662.23},{"text":"remarks","start":4662.23,"end":4662.55},{"text":"in","start":4662.55,"end":4662.63},{"text":"our","start":4662.63,"end":4662.71},{"text":"national","start":4662.71,"end":4663.11},{"text":"capacity.","start":4663.11,"end":4663.91}]},{"text":"Mr. Chair, Iraq reiterates that outer space is a common heritage of humankind and that its exploration and use must be for exclusively peaceful purposes to guarantee that all States benefit from it equally and with no discrimination.","start":4664.55,"end":4679.47,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-paros","label":"Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer 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They framed preventing an arms race in outer space as a core international security objective."},{"key":"equitable-space-access","label":"Equitable Access and Capacity Building","description":"Many delegations argued that all states, especially developing countries, should benefit from peaceful space activities on a non-discriminatory basis. They called for stronger international cooperation, technology transfer, training, data sharing and capacity building."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":4664.55,"end":4664.87},{"text":"Chair,","start":4664.87,"end":4665.43},{"text":"Iraq","start":4665.43,"end":4665.75},{"text":"reiterates","start":4665.75,"end":4666.63},{"text":"that","start":4666.63,"end":4666.95},{"text":"outer","start":4666.95,"end":4667.23},{"text":"space","start":4667.23,"end":4667.67},{"text":"is","start":4667.67,"end":4667.95},{"text":"a","start":4667.95,"end":4667.99},{"text":"common","start":4667.99,"end":4668.39},{"text":"heritage","start":4668.39,"end":4669.03},{"text":"of","start":4669.03,"end":4669.43},{"text":"humankind","start":4670.03,"end":4670.67},{"text":"and","start":4670.67,"end":4670.83},{"text":"that","start":4670.83,"end":4670.99},{"text":"its","start":4670.99,"end":4671.15},{"text":"exploration","start":4671.15,"end":4671.79},{"text":"and","start":4671.79,"end":4671.95},{"text":"use","start":4671.95,"end":4672.27},{"text":"must","start":4672.27,"end":4672.51},{"text":"be","start":4672.51,"end":4672.67},{"text":"for","start":4672.67,"end":4672.87},{"text":"exclusively","start":4672.87,"end":4673.63},{"text":"peaceful","start":4673.63,"end":4674.03},{"text":"purposes","start":4674.03,"end":4674.83},{"text":"to","start":4675.63,"end":4675.79},{"text":"guarantee","start":4675.79,"end":4676.19},{"text":"that","start":4676.19,"end":4676.43},{"text":"all","start":4676.43,"end":4676.67},{"text":"States","start":4676.67,"end":4676.99},{"text":"benefit","start":4676.99,"end":4677.39},{"text":"from","start":4677.39,"end":4677.55},{"text":"it","start":4677.55,"end":4677.71},{"text":"equally","start":4677.71,"end":4678.07},{"text":"and","start":4678.07,"end":4678.35},{"text":"with","start":4678.43,"end":4678.59},{"text":"no","start":4678.59,"end":4678.75},{"text":"discrimination.","start":4678.75,"end":4679.47}]},{"text":"We stress the need to enhance international efforts to prevent an arms race there.","start":4679.79,"end":4683.55,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-paros","label":"Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space must remain a peaceful domain and warned against its weaponization or transformation into a theatre of conflict. 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Several speakers argued that voluntary measures cannot replace binding obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":4683.83,"end":4683.95},{"text":"this","start":4683.95,"end":4684.15},{"text":"context,","start":4684.15,"end":4684.71},{"text":"Iraq","start":4684.71,"end":4684.99},{"text":"emphasizes","start":4684.99,"end":4685.63},{"text":"the","start":4685.63,"end":4685.75},{"text":"importance","start":4685.75,"end":4686.35},{"text":"of","start":4686.35,"end":4686.47},{"text":"arriving","start":4686.47,"end":4686.99},{"text":"at","start":4686.99,"end":4687.19},{"text":"a","start":4687.19,"end":4687.23},{"text":"legally","start":4687.23,"end":4687.55},{"text":"binding","start":4687.55,"end":4687.99},{"text":"international","start":4687.99,"end":4688.75},{"text":"instrument","start":4688.75,"end":4689.31},{"text":"to","start":4689.63,"end":4689.79},{"text":"prevent","start":4689.79,"end":4690.43},{"text":"an","start":4690.43,"end":4690.51},{"text":"arms","start":4690.51,"end":4690.75},{"text":"race","start":4690.75,"end":4690.99},{"text":"in","start":4690.99,"end":4691.15},{"text":"outer","start":4691.15,"end":4691.47},{"text":"space.","start":4691.47,"end":4691.95}]},{"text":"Such an instrument should prohibit the placement of weapons, be they offensive or defensive, in outer space.","start":4693.83,"end":4700.23,"topics":[{"key":"binding-space-instrument","label":"Legally Binding Space Security Instrument","description":"A major theme was the call for negotiations on a universal, multilaterally negotiated and verifiable legal instrument to prohibit weapons in outer space and attacks against space objects. Several speakers argued that voluntary measures cannot replace binding obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"Such","start":4693.83,"end":4693.95},{"text":"an","start":4693.95,"end":4694.07},{"text":"instrument","start":4694.07,"end":4694.79},{"text":"should","start":4694.79,"end":4695.35},{"text":"prohibit","start":4695.35,"end":4696.23},{"text":"the","start":4696.23,"end":4696.39},{"text":"placement","start":4696.71,"end":4697.43},{"text":"of","start":4697.43,"end":4697.59},{"text":"weapons,","start":4697.59,"end":4697.99},{"text":"be","start":4697.99,"end":4698.15},{"text":"they","start":4698.15,"end":4698.31},{"text":"offensive","start":4698.31,"end":4698.75},{"text":"or","start":4698.75,"end":4698.87},{"text":"defensive,","start":4698.87,"end":4699.43},{"text":"in","start":4699.43,"end":4699.51},{"text":"outer","start":4699.51,"end":4699.79},{"text":"space.","start":4699.79,"end":4700.23}]},{"text":"And the launching of armed attacks, it should prohibit launching armed attacks against space objects or the deliberate damaging of such objects, and the development or testing of weapons and technologies designed to carry out such attack.","start":4700.87,"end":4712.07,"topics":[{"key":"binding-space-instrument","label":"Legally Binding Space Security Instrument","description":"A major theme was the call for negotiations on a universal, multilaterally negotiated and verifiable legal instrument to prohibit weapons in outer space and attacks against space objects. 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Several speakers argued that voluntary measures cannot replace binding obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"Moreover,","start":4712.31,"end":4712.87},{"text":"this","start":4712.87,"end":4713.07},{"text":"instrument","start":4713.07,"end":4713.47},{"text":"should","start":4713.47,"end":4713.59},{"text":"establish","start":4713.59,"end":4713.95},{"text":"multilateral","start":4713.95,"end":4714.47},{"text":"mechanisms","start":4714.47,"end":4714.95},{"text":"and","start":4714.95,"end":4715.07},{"text":"procedures","start":4715.07,"end":4715.55},{"text":"to","start":4715.55,"end":4715.63},{"text":"verify","start":4715.63,"end":4716.07},{"text":"compliance","start":4716.07,"end":4716.63},{"text":"with","start":4716.63,"end":4716.83},{"text":"the","start":4716.83,"end":4716.91},{"text":"obligations","start":4716.91,"end":4717.67},{"text":"contained","start":4717.67,"end":4718.23},{"text":"in","start":4718.23,"end":4718.43},{"text":"it.","start":4718.43,"end":4718.63}]},{"text":"Iraq welcomes the General Assembly decision 79/512, which established the Open-ended Working Group on the Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space and all its aspects for the period between 2024 to 2028.","start":4719.47,"end":4733.83,"topics":[{"key":"responsible-behavior-norms","label":"Norms, Rules and Confidence-Building Measures","description":"Numerous statements supported developing norms, rules, principles of responsible behaviour, and transparency and confidence-building measures to reduce mistrust, miscalculation and escalation. Views differed on emphasis, but many saw these measures as complementary to future legal commitments."}],"words":[{"text":"Iraq","start":4719.47,"end":4719.75},{"text":"welcomes","start":4719.75,"end":4720.39},{"text":"the","start":4720.39,"end":4720.55},{"text":"General","start":4720.55,"end":4720.91},{"text":"Assembly","start":4720.91,"end":4721.23},{"text":"decision","start":4721.23,"end":4721.83},{"text":"79/512,","start":4721.83,"end":4723.67},{"text":"which","start":4723.67,"end":4723.83},{"text":"established","start":4723.83,"end":4724.55},{"text":"the","start":4724.55,"end":4724.75},{"text":"Open-ended","start":4724.75,"end":4725.31},{"text":"Working","start":4725.31,"end":4725.63},{"text":"Group","start":4725.63,"end":4725.99},{"text":"on","start":4726.63,"end":4726.79},{"text":"the","start":4726.79,"end":4726.91},{"text":"Prevention","start":4726.91,"end":4727.47},{"text":"of","start":4727.47,"end":4727.59},{"text":"an","start":4727.59,"end":4727.67},{"text":"Arms","start":4727.67,"end":4727.91},{"text":"Race","start":4727.91,"end":4728.23},{"text":"in","start":4728.23,"end":4728.31},{"text":"Outer","start":4728.31,"end":4728.63},{"text":"Space","start":4728.63,"end":4729.03},{"text":"and","start":4729.03,"end":4729.19},{"text":"all","start":4729.19,"end":4729.35},{"text":"its","start":4729.35,"end":4729.51},{"text":"aspects","start":4729.51,"end":4730.23},{"text":"for","start":4730.63,"end":4730.79},{"text":"the","start":4730.79,"end":4730.87},{"text":"period","start":4730.87,"end":4731.35},{"text":"between","start":4731.35,"end":4731.75},{"text":"2024","start":4731.75,"end":4732.55},{"text":"to","start":4732.55,"end":4732.99},{"text":"2028.","start":4732.99,"end":4733.83}]},{"text":"We stress the need to benefit from the working group's work to enhance mutual understanding, to coordinate international efforts, and to build upon the outcomes of the GGE.","start":4735.11,"end":4744.23,"topics":[{"key":"responsible-behavior-norms","label":"Norms, Rules and Confidence-Building Measures","description":"Numerous statements supported developing norms, rules, principles of responsible behaviour, and transparency and confidence-building measures to reduce mistrust, miscalculation and escalation. Views differed on emphasis, but many saw these measures as complementary to future legal commitments."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4735.11,"end":4735.31},{"text":"stress","start":4735.31,"end":4735.75},{"text":"the","start":4735.83,"end":4735.99},{"text":"need","start":4735.99,"end":4736.19},{"text":"to","start":4736.19,"end":4736.51},{"text":"benefit","start":4736.51,"end":4737.03},{"text":"from","start":4737.03,"end":4737.43},{"text":"the","start":4737.43,"end":4737.63},{"text":"working","start":4737.63,"end":4737.91},{"text":"group's","start":4737.91,"end":4738.27},{"text":"work","start":4738.27,"end":4738.63},{"text":"to","start":4738.63,"end":4738.79},{"text":"enhance","start":4738.79,"end":4739.19},{"text":"mutual","start":4739.19,"end":4739.51},{"text":"understanding,","start":4739.51,"end":4740.15},{"text":"to","start":4740.15,"end":4740.27},{"text":"coordinate","start":4740.27,"end":4740.79},{"text":"international","start":4740.79,"end":4741.31},{"text":"efforts,","start":4741.31,"end":4741.71},{"text":"and","start":4741.71,"end":4741.87},{"text":"to","start":4741.87,"end":4741.95},{"text":"build","start":4741.95,"end":4742.15},{"text":"upon","start":4742.15,"end":4742.39},{"text":"the","start":4742.39,"end":4742.51},{"text":"outcomes","start":4742.55,"end":4743.19},{"text":"of","start":4743.19,"end":4743.43},{"text":"the","start":4743.43,"end":4743.55},{"text":"GGE.","start":4743.59,"end":4744.23}]},{"text":"in a manner that would contribute to the development of practical recommendations that support efforts to prevent an arms race in outer space.","start":4745.39,"end":4751.63,"topics":[{"key":"responsible-behavior-norms","label":"Norms, Rules and Confidence-Building Measures","description":"Numerous statements supported developing norms, rules, principles of responsible behaviour, and transparency and confidence-building measures to reduce mistrust, miscalculation and escalation. 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Several speakers argued that voluntary measures cannot replace binding obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4752.75,"end":4752.95},{"text":"further","start":4752.95,"end":4753.23},{"text":"emphasize","start":4753.23,"end":4753.75},{"text":"that","start":4753.75,"end":4753.87},{"text":"these","start":4753.87,"end":4754.03},{"text":"efforts","start":4754.03,"end":4754.51},{"text":"must","start":4754.51,"end":4754.75},{"text":"contribute","start":4754.75,"end":4755.43},{"text":"towards","start":4755.43,"end":4755.95},{"text":"making","start":4755.95,"end":4756.35},{"text":"tangible","start":4756.35,"end":4756.83},{"text":"progress","start":4756.83,"end":4757.39},{"text":"towards","start":4757.39,"end":4757.95},{"text":"the","start":4757.95,"end":4758.07},{"text":"conclusion","start":4758.07,"end":4758.67},{"text":"of","start":4758.67,"end":4758.87},{"text":"a","start":4758.87,"end":4758.91},{"text":"legally","start":4758.91,"end":4759.39},{"text":"binding","start":4759.39,"end":4759.87},{"text":"international","start":4759.87,"end":4760.67},{"text":"instrument.","start":4760.67,"end":4761.23}]},{"text":"In closing, IRAC stresses the need to coordinate relevant international initiatives and tracks so that we would avoid the duplication of efforts and to guarantee the inclusiveness and transparency of the negotiating process and strengthen the role of the United Nations in this regard.","start":4761.63,"end":4777.63,"topics":[{"key":"responsible-behavior-norms","label":"Norms, Rules and Confidence-Building Measures","description":"Numerous statements supported developing norms, rules, principles of responsible behaviour, and transparency and confidence-building measures to reduce mistrust, miscalculation and escalation. 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They therefore called for stronger protection of civilian and humanitarian space systems from disruption or attack."},{"key":"equitable-space-access","label":"Equitable Access and Capacity Building","description":"Many delegations argued that all states, especially developing countries, should benefit from peaceful space activities on a non-discriminatory basis. 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Speakers warned that harmful activities in orbit could make parts of space unusable for future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"Safeguarding","start":4884.07,"end":4884.55},{"text":"space","start":4884.55,"end":4884.95},{"text":"right","start":4884.95,"end":4885.19},{"text":"now","start":4885.19,"end":4885.59},{"text":"means","start":4885.59,"end":4886.07},{"text":"allowing","start":4886.07,"end":4886.63},{"text":"future","start":4886.63,"end":4886.91},{"text":"generations","start":4886.91,"end":4887.47},{"text":"to","start":4887.47,"end":4887.55},{"text":"have","start":4887.55,"end":4887.67},{"text":"opportunities","start":4887.67,"end":4888.27},{"text":"to","start":4888.27,"end":4888.63},{"text":"benefit","start":4888.71,"end":4889.35},{"text":"from","start":4889.35,"end":4889.67},{"text":"this.","start":4889.67,"end":4890.07}]},{"text":"Space-related governance can only be achieved in a sustained way if the benefits are equally accessible.","start":4890.39,"end":4897.11,"topics":[{"key":"equitable-space-access","label":"Equitable Access and Capacity Building","description":"Many delegations argued that all states, especially developing countries, should benefit from peaceful space activities on a non-discriminatory basis. 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Russian Federation has submitted for the consideration of the first committee two draft resolutions and one decision on outer space 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call upon all states to support these initiatives as well as to co-sponsor them.","start":5141.71,"end":5146.83,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":5141.71,"end":5141.95},{"text":"call","start":5141.95,"end":5142.27},{"text":"upon","start":5142.27,"end":5142.67},{"text":"all","start":5142.67,"end":5142.99},{"text":"states","start":5142.99,"end":5143.47},{"text":"to","start":5143.47,"end":5143.59},{"text":"support","start":5143.59,"end":5144.27},{"text":"these","start":5144.27,"end":5144.51},{"text":"initiatives","start":5144.51,"end":5145.07},{"text":"as","start":5145.11,"end":5145.31},{"text":"well","start":5145.31,"end":5145.63},{"text":"as","start":5145.63,"end":5145.87},{"text":"to","start":5145.87,"end":5146.03},{"text":"co-sponsor","start":5146.03,"end":5146.67},{"text":"them.","start":5146.67,"end":5146.83}]},{"text":"Thank you for your attention.","start":5146.83,"end":5147.95,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":5146.83,"end":5147.11},{"text":"you","start":5147.11,"end":5147.19},{"text":"for","start":5147.19,"end":5147.31},{"text":"your","start":5147.31,"end":5147.43},{"text":"attention.","start":5147.43,"end":5147.95}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"RUS","group":null,"function":null,"affiliation_full":"Russian Federation"}},{"statement_number":55,"start":5150.59,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c1/81/15?lang=en&t=1:25:51","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the representative of Russian Federation.","start":5150.59,"end":5153.19,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":5150.59,"end":5150.6},{"text":"thank","start":5150.67,"end":5150.99},{"text":"the","start":5150.99,"end":5151.27},{"text":"representative","start":5151.39,"end":5152.15},{"text":"of","start":5152.15,"end":5152.27},{"text":"Russian","start":5152.27,"end":5152.67},{"text":"Federation.","start":5152.67,"end":5153.19}]},{"text":"Now I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Philippines.","start":5153.19,"end":5157.47,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Now","start":5153.19,"end":5153.47},{"text":"I","start":5153.47,"end":5153.55},{"text":"give","start":5153.55,"end":5153.79},{"text":"the","start":5153.79,"end":5153.91},{"text":"floor","start":5153.91,"end":5154.11},{"text":"to","start":5154.11,"end":5154.27},{"text":"the","start":5154.27,"end":5154.51},{"text":"distinguished","start":5155.23,"end":5155.83},{"text":"representative","start":5156.15,"end":5156.79},{"text":"of","start":5156.79,"end":5156.87},{"text":"Philippines.","start":5156.87,"end":5157.47}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"1st Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair","affiliation_full":"1st Committee"}},{"statement_number":56,"start":5160.99,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c1/81/15?lang=en&t=1:26:01","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"- delivered by ASEAN and NAM.","start":5160.99,"end":5162.51,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"-","start":5160.99,"end":5161.03},{"text":"delivered","start":5161.03,"end":5161.55},{"text":"by","start":5161.55,"end":5161.67},{"text":"ASEAN","start":5161.67,"end":5162.03},{"text":"and","start":5162.03,"end":5162.15},{"text":"NAM.","start":5162.15,"end":5162.51}]},{"text":"As an emerging space-faring nation, the Philippines advocates for the peaceful uses of outer space, the prevention of arms race in outer space, and the long-term sustainability of outer space activities.","start":5162.99,"end":5174.11,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-paros","label":"Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space must remain a peaceful domain and warned against its weaponization or transformation into a theatre of conflict. They framed preventing an arms race in outer space as a core international security objective."},{"key":"space-sustainability","label":"Space Sustainability and Debris","description":"Long-term sustainability of the space environment emerged as a recurring concern, especially regarding debris, large satellite constellations, uncontrolled re-entries and space traffic. Speakers warned that harmful activities in orbit could make parts of space unusable for future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":5162.99,"end":5163.19},{"text":"an","start":5163.19,"end":5163.27},{"text":"emerging","start":5163.27,"end":5163.79},{"text":"space-faring","start":5163.79,"end":5164.51},{"text":"nation,","start":5164.51,"end":5165.07},{"text":"the","start":5165.23,"end":5165.35},{"text":"Philippines","start":5165.35,"end":5165.87},{"text":"advocates","start":5165.87,"end":5166.43},{"text":"for","start":5166.43,"end":5166.59},{"text":"the","start":5166.59,"end":5166.67},{"text":"peaceful","start":5166.67,"end":5167.11},{"text":"uses","start":5167.11,"end":5167.47},{"text":"of","start":5167.47,"end":5167.55},{"text":"outer","start":5167.55,"end":5167.87},{"text":"space,","start":5167.87,"end":5168.35},{"text":"the","start":5168.67,"end":5168.83},{"text":"prevention","start":5168.83,"end":5169.35},{"text":"of","start":5169.35,"end":5169.47},{"text":"arms","start":5169.47,"end":5169.79},{"text":"race","start":5169.79,"end":5170.03},{"text":"in","start":5170.03,"end":5170.15},{"text":"outer","start":5170.15,"end":5170.35},{"text":"space,","start":5170.35,"end":5170.91},{"text":"and","start":5171.15,"end":5171.27},{"text":"the","start":5171.27,"end":5171.39},{"text":"long-term","start":5171.39,"end":5171.83},{"text":"sustainability","start":5171.83,"end":5172.67},{"text":"of","start":5172.67,"end":5172.83},{"text":"outer","start":5172.83,"end":5173.07},{"text":"space","start":5173.07,"end":5173.39},{"text":"activities.","start":5173.39,"end":5174.11}]},{"text":"We recognize the important role of outer space in achieving the sustainable development goals in addressing the adverse impacts of climate change.","start":5174.59,"end":5181.91,"topics":[{"key":"equitable-space-access","label":"Equitable Access and Capacity Building","description":"Many delegations argued that all states, especially developing countries, should benefit from peaceful space activities on a non-discriminatory basis. They called for stronger international cooperation, technology transfer, training, data sharing and capacity building."},{"key":"civilian-space-services","label":"Protection of Civilian Space Services","description":"A number of delegations emphasized that societies depend on satellites for communications, navigation, disaster response, banking, climate monitoring and other essential services. They therefore called for stronger protection of civilian and humanitarian space systems from disruption or attack."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":5174.59,"end":5174.71},{"text":"recognize","start":5174.71,"end":5175.27},{"text":"the","start":5175.27,"end":5175.35},{"text":"important","start":5175.35,"end":5175.87},{"text":"role","start":5175.87,"end":5176.07},{"text":"of","start":5176.07,"end":5176.19},{"text":"outer","start":5176.19,"end":5176.51},{"text":"space","start":5176.51,"end":5176.83},{"text":"in","start":5176.83,"end":5176.95},{"text":"achieving","start":5176.95,"end":5177.39},{"text":"the","start":5177.39,"end":5177.47},{"text":"sustainable","start":5177.47,"end":5178.03},{"text":"development","start":5178.03,"end":5178.59},{"text":"goals","start":5178.59,"end":5178.99},{"text":"in","start":5179.43,"end":5179.51},{"text":"addressing","start":5179.51,"end":5179.99},{"text":"the","start":5179.99,"end":5180.07},{"text":"adverse","start":5180.07,"end":5180.47},{"text":"impacts","start":5180.47,"end":5180.95},{"text":"of","start":5180.95,"end":5181.03},{"text":"climate","start":5181.03,"end":5181.43},{"text":"change.","start":5181.43,"end":5181.91}]},{"text":"And we support the inalienable right of states, particularly developing countries, to access peaceful space applications.","start":5182.27,"end":5188.23,"topics":[{"key":"equitable-space-access","label":"Equitable Access and Capacity Building","description":"Many delegations argued that all states, especially developing countries, should benefit from peaceful space activities on a non-discriminatory basis. They called for stronger international cooperation, technology transfer, training, data sharing and capacity building."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":5182.27,"end":5182.39},{"text":"we","start":5182.39,"end":5182.47},{"text":"support","start":5182.47,"end":5182.83},{"text":"the","start":5182.83,"end":5182.95},{"text":"inalienable","start":5182.95,"end":5183.67},{"text":"right","start":5183.67,"end":5183.91},{"text":"of","start":5183.91,"end":5183.99},{"text":"states,","start":5183.99,"end":5184.39},{"text":"particularly","start":5184.39,"end":5185.03},{"text":"developing","start":5185.03,"end":5185.55},{"text":"countries,","start":5185.55,"end":5185.99},{"text":"to","start":5185.99,"end":5186.15},{"text":"access","start":5186.15,"end":5186.55},{"text":"peaceful","start":5186.55,"end":5187.03},{"text":"space","start":5187.03,"end":5187.35},{"text":"applications.","start":5187.35,"end":5188.23}]},{"text":"We consider space as a global commons that must never be weaponized.","start":5188.87,"end":5192.39,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-paros","label":"Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space must remain a peaceful domain and warned against its weaponization or transformation into a theatre of conflict. They framed preventing an arms race in outer space as a core international security objective."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":5188.87,"end":5188.99},{"text":"consider","start":5188.99,"end":5189.39},{"text":"space","start":5189.39,"end":5189.83},{"text":"as","start":5189.83,"end":5189.99},{"text":"a","start":5189.99,"end":5190.03},{"text":"global","start":5190.03,"end":5190.39},{"text":"commons","start":5190.39,"end":5190.87},{"text":"that","start":5190.87,"end":5191.03},{"text":"must","start":5191.03,"end":5191.23},{"text":"never","start":5191.23,"end":5191.51},{"text":"be","start":5191.51,"end":5191.67},{"text":"weaponized.","start":5191.67,"end":5192.39}]},{"text":"We remain deeply concerned by growing threats to space security, safety, and sustainability, including security doctrines that consider outer space as a theater of conflict, testing and use of direct ascent, anti-satellite missiles, and other anti-satellite weapons, as well as dangerous incidents of rocket debris falling into our maritime zones.","start":5192.55,"end":5211.19,"topics":[{"key":"counterspace-threats","label":"Counter-Space Weapons and Anti-Satellite Threats","description":"Several speakers highlighted concrete threats such as anti-satellite missiles, destructive direct-ascent ASAT tests, jamming, spoofing, and other counter-space capabilities. These were presented as urgent risks to stability, security and strategic predictability in space."},{"key":"space-sustainability","label":"Space Sustainability and Debris","description":"Long-term sustainability of the space environment emerged as a recurring concern, especially regarding debris, large satellite constellations, uncontrolled re-entries and space traffic. Speakers warned that harmful activities in orbit could make parts of space unusable for future generations."},{"key":"outer-space-paros","label":"Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space must remain a peaceful domain and warned against its weaponization or transformation into a theatre of conflict. They framed preventing an arms race in outer space as a core international security objective."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":5192.55,"end":5192.87},{"text":"remain","start":5192.87,"end":5193.19},{"text":"deeply","start":5193.19,"end":5193.51},{"text":"concerned","start":5193.51,"end":5193.99},{"text":"by","start":5193.99,"end":5194.07},{"text":"growing","start":5194.07,"end":5194.43},{"text":"threats","start":5194.43,"end":5194.79},{"text":"to","start":5194.79,"end":5194.91},{"text":"space","start":5194.91,"end":5195.23},{"text":"security,","start":5195.23,"end":5195.83},{"text":"safety,","start":5195.83,"end":5196.23},{"text":"and","start":5196.23,"end":5196.35},{"text":"sustainability,","start":5196.35,"end":5197.27},{"text":"including","start":5197.67,"end":5198.23},{"text":"security","start":5198.23,"end":5198.67},{"text":"doctrines","start":5198.67,"end":5199.19},{"text":"that","start":5199.19,"end":5199.35},{"text":"consider","start":5199.35,"end":5199.79},{"text":"outer","start":5199.79,"end":5199.99},{"text":"space","start":5199.99,"end":5200.43},{"text":"as","start":5200.43,"end":5200.55},{"text":"a","start":5200.55,"end":5200.59},{"text":"theater","start":5200.59,"end":5201.03},{"text":"of","start":5201.03,"end":5201.11},{"text":"conflict,","start":5201.11,"end":5201.67},{"text":"testing","start":5202.15,"end":5202.55},{"text":"and","start":5202.55,"end":5202.71},{"text":"use","start":5202.71,"end":5202.95},{"text":"of","start":5202.95,"end":5203.03},{"text":"direct","start":5203.03,"end":5203.27},{"text":"ascent,","start":5203.27,"end":5203.71},{"text":"anti-satellite","start":5203.71,"end":5204.47},{"text":"missiles,","start":5204.47,"end":5205.03},{"text":"and","start":5205.03,"end":5205.19},{"text":"other","start":5205.19,"end":5205.43},{"text":"anti-satellite","start":5205.43,"end":5206.19},{"text":"weapons,","start":5206.19,"end":5206.71},{"text":"as","start":5207.23,"end":5207.43},{"text":"well","start":5207.43,"end":5207.59},{"text":"as","start":5207.59,"end":5207.75},{"text":"dangerous","start":5207.75,"end":5208.23},{"text":"incidents","start":5208.23,"end":5208.71},{"text":"of","start":5208.71,"end":5208.79},{"text":"rocket","start":5208.79,"end":5209.11},{"text":"debris","start":5209.11,"end":5209.51},{"text":"falling","start":5209.51,"end":5209.91},{"text":"into","start":5209.91,"end":5210.15},{"text":"our","start":5210.15,"end":5210.31},{"text":"maritime","start":5210.31,"end":5210.71},{"text":"zones.","start":5210.71,"end":5211.19}]},{"text":"We continue to pursue ratification of the Outer Space Treaty as part of our commitment to align our national space activities with existing legally binding instruments and join the international community in calling for a legally binding instrument on the prevention of an arms race in outer space.","start":5211.75,"end":5226.23,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-law","label":"International Law and the Outer Space Treaty","description":"Delegations repeatedly referred to the 1967 Outer Space Treaty, the UN Charter, and in some cases international humanitarian law, as the foundation of space governance. 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They framed preventing an arms race in outer space as a core international security objective."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":5211.75,"end":5212.03},{"text":"continue","start":5212.03,"end":5212.51},{"text":"to","start":5212.51,"end":5212.59},{"text":"pursue","start":5212.59,"end":5212.95},{"text":"ratification","start":5212.95,"end":5213.67},{"text":"of","start":5213.67,"end":5213.75},{"text":"the","start":5213.75,"end":5213.83},{"text":"Outer","start":5213.83,"end":5214.07},{"text":"Space","start":5214.07,"end":5214.39},{"text":"Treaty","start":5214.39,"end":5214.79},{"text":"as","start":5214.79,"end":5214.95},{"text":"part","start":5214.95,"end":5215.19},{"text":"of","start":5215.19,"end":5215.27},{"text":"our","start":5215.27,"end":5215.43},{"text":"commitment","start":5215.43,"end":5215.95},{"text":"to","start":5215.95,"end":5216.03},{"text":"align","start":5216.03,"end":5216.31},{"text":"our","start":5216.31,"end":5216.39},{"text":"national","start":5216.39,"end":5216.87},{"text":"space","start":5216.87,"end":5217.19},{"text":"activities","start":5217.19,"end":5217.79},{"text":"with","start":5217.79,"end":5217.95},{"text":"existing","start":5217.95,"end":5218.47},{"text":"legally","start":5218.47,"end":5218.79},{"text":"binding","start":5218.79,"end":5219.19},{"text":"instruments","start":5219.19,"end":5219.91},{"text":"and","start":5220.31,"end":5220.47},{"text":"join","start":5220.47,"end":5220.71},{"text":"the","start":5220.71,"end":5220.79},{"text":"international","start":5220.79,"end":5221.39},{"text":"community","start":5221.39,"end":5221.91},{"text":"in","start":5221.91,"end":5222.07},{"text":"calling","start":5222.07,"end":5222.39},{"text":"for","start":5222.39,"end":5222.55},{"text":"a","start":5222.55,"end":5222.59},{"text":"legally","start":5222.59,"end":5222.95},{"text":"binding","start":5222.95,"end":5223.35},{"text":"instrument","start":5223.35,"end":5223.83},{"text":"on","start":5223.83,"end":5223.91},{"text":"the","start":5223.91,"end":5224.03},{"text":"prevention","start":5224.03,"end":5224.59},{"text":"of","start":5224.59,"end":5224.67},{"text":"an","start":5224.67,"end":5224.79},{"text":"arms","start":5224.79,"end":5225.03},{"text":"race","start":5225.03,"end":5225.31},{"text":"in","start":5225.31,"end":5225.47},{"text":"outer","start":5225.47,"end":5225.67},{"text":"space.","start":5225.67,"end":5226.23}]},{"text":"We thank the group of governmental experts for their report containing substantial elements of an international legally binding instrument on PAROS.","start":5226.63,"end":5235.11,"topics":[{"key":"binding-space-instrument","label":"Legally Binding Space Security Instrument","description":"A major theme was the call for negotiations on a universal, multilaterally negotiated and verifiable legal instrument to prohibit weapons in outer space and attacks against space objects. Several speakers argued that voluntary measures cannot replace binding obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":5226.63,"end":5226.91},{"text":"thank","start":5226.91,"end":5227.11},{"text":"the","start":5227.11,"end":5227.19},{"text":"group","start":5227.19,"end":5227.51},{"text":"of","start":5227.51,"end":5227.59},{"text":"governmental","start":5227.59,"end":5228.23},{"text":"experts","start":5228.23,"end":5228.71},{"text":"for","start":5228.71,"end":5228.87},{"text":"their","start":5228.87,"end":5228.99},{"text":"report","start":5228.99,"end":5229.39},{"text":"containing","start":5229.39,"end":5229.83},{"text":"substantial","start":5229.83,"end":5230.39},{"text":"elements","start":5230.39,"end":5231.11},{"text":"of","start":5231.35,"end":5231.51},{"text":"an","start":5231.55,"end":5231.75},{"text":"international","start":5231.75,"end":5233.19},{"text":"legally","start":5233.19,"end":5233.51},{"text":"binding","start":5233.51,"end":5233.91},{"text":"instrument","start":5233.91,"end":5234.35},{"text":"on","start":5234.35,"end":5234.47},{"text":"PAROS.","start":5234.47,"end":5235.11}]},{"text":"including the prevention of the placement of weapons in outer space.","start":5235.51,"end":5238.47,"topics":[{"key":"binding-space-instrument","label":"Legally Binding Space Security Instrument","description":"A major theme was the call for negotiations on a universal, multilaterally negotiated and verifiable legal instrument to prohibit weapons in outer space and attacks against space objects. Several speakers argued that voluntary measures cannot replace binding obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"including","start":5235.51,"end":5235.87},{"text":"the","start":5235.87,"end":5235.95},{"text":"prevention","start":5235.95,"end":5236.47},{"text":"of","start":5236.47,"end":5236.55},{"text":"the","start":5236.55,"end":5236.67},{"text":"placement","start":5236.67,"end":5237.15},{"text":"of","start":5237.15,"end":5237.23},{"text":"weapons","start":5237.23,"end":5237.63},{"text":"in","start":5237.63,"end":5237.79},{"text":"outer","start":5237.79,"end":5237.99},{"text":"space.","start":5237.99,"end":5238.47}]},{"text":"We likewise support transparency and confidence-building measures, such as the Hague Code of Conduct against Ballistic Missile Proliferation, and encourage states to submit pre-launch notifications and declarations on their space launch vehicles and ballistic missiles programs.","start":5238.87,"end":5252.47,"topics":[{"key":"responsible-behavior-norms","label":"Norms, Rules and Confidence-Building Measures","description":"Numerous statements supported developing norms, rules, principles of responsible behaviour, and transparency and confidence-building measures to reduce mistrust, miscalculation and escalation. Views differed on emphasis, but many saw these measures as complementary to future legal commitments."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":5238.87,"end":5239.15},{"text":"likewise","start":5239.19,"end":5239.55},{"text":"support","start":5239.55,"end":5239.95},{"text":"transparency","start":5239.95,"end":5240.67},{"text":"and","start":5240.67,"end":5240.79},{"text":"confidence-building","start":5240.79,"end":5241.63},{"text":"measures,","start":5241.63,"end":5242.03},{"text":"such","start":5242.03,"end":5242.31},{"text":"as","start":5242.31,"end":5242.39},{"text":"the","start":5242.39,"end":5242.51},{"text":"Hague","start":5242.51,"end":5242.71},{"text":"Code","start":5242.71,"end":5242.95},{"text":"of","start":5242.95,"end":5243.03},{"text":"Conduct","start":5243.03,"end":5243.43},{"text":"against","start":5243.43,"end":5243.75},{"text":"Ballistic","start":5243.75,"end":5244.15},{"text":"Missile","start":5244.15,"end":5244.47},{"text":"Proliferation,","start":5244.47,"end":5245.27},{"text":"and","start":5245.63,"end":5245.75},{"text":"encourage","start":5245.75,"end":5246.15},{"text":"states","start":5246.15,"end":5246.47},{"text":"to","start":5246.47,"end":5246.59},{"text":"submit","start":5246.59,"end":5246.95},{"text":"pre-launch","start":5246.95,"end":5247.43},{"text":"notifications","start":5247.43,"end":5248.19},{"text":"and","start":5248.19,"end":5248.35},{"text":"declarations","start":5248.35,"end":5249.03},{"text":"on","start":5249.03,"end":5249.15},{"text":"their","start":5249.15,"end":5249.27},{"text":"space","start":5249.27,"end":5249.67},{"text":"launch","start":5249.67,"end":5249.91},{"text":"vehicles","start":5249.91,"end":5250.47},{"text":"and","start":5250.83,"end":5250.95},{"text":"ballistic","start":5250.95,"end":5251.35},{"text":"missiles","start":5251.35,"end":5251.83},{"text":"programs.","start":5251.83,"end":5252.47}]},{"text":"We also call upon launching states to provide advanced, proper, and adequate notification to other states located along the drop zones of falling space debris to ensure that they are sufficiently prepared to mitigate and respond to such incidents to prevent threats to infrastructure, maritime shipping, and fishing.","start":5253.11,"end":5269.27,"topics":[{"key":"space-sustainability","label":"Space Sustainability and Debris","description":"Long-term sustainability of the space environment emerged as a recurring concern, especially regarding debris, large satellite constellations, uncontrolled re-entries and space traffic. Speakers warned that harmful activities in orbit could make parts of space unusable for future generations."},{"key":"civilian-space-services","label":"Protection of Civilian Space Services","description":"A number of delegations emphasized that societies depend on satellites for communications, navigation, disaster response, banking, climate monitoring and other essential services. They therefore called for stronger protection of civilian and humanitarian space systems from disruption or attack."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":5253.11,"end":5253.19},{"text":"also","start":5253.19,"end":5253.43},{"text":"call","start":5253.43,"end":5253.63},{"text":"upon","start":5253.63,"end":5253.91},{"text":"launching","start":5253.91,"end":5254.31},{"text":"states","start":5254.31,"end":5254.71},{"text":"to","start":5254.71,"end":5254.79},{"text":"provide","start":5254.79,"end":5255.19},{"text":"advanced,","start":5255.19,"end":5255.79},{"text":"proper,","start":5255.79,"end":5256.27},{"text":"and","start":5256.27,"end":5256.39},{"text":"adequate","start":5256.39,"end":5256.87},{"text":"notification","start":5256.87,"end":5257.59},{"text":"to","start":5257.59,"end":5257.67},{"text":"other","start":5257.67,"end":5257.91},{"text":"states","start":5257.91,"end":5258.39},{"text":"located","start":5258.55,"end":5259.19},{"text":"along","start":5259.19,"end":5259.43},{"text":"the","start":5259.43,"end":5259.51},{"text":"drop","start":5259.51,"end":5259.75},{"text":"zones","start":5259.75,"end":5260.11},{"text":"of","start":5260.11,"end":5260.19},{"text":"falling","start":5260.19,"end":5260.55},{"text":"space","start":5260.55,"end":5260.87},{"text":"debris","start":5260.87,"end":5261.35},{"text":"to","start":5261.43,"end":5261.51},{"text":"ensure","start":5261.67,"end":5262.07},{"text":"that","start":5262.07,"end":5262.23},{"text":"they","start":5262.23,"end":5262.35},{"text":"are","start":5262.35,"end":5262.47},{"text":"sufficiently","start":5262.47,"end":5263.03},{"text":"prepared","start":5263.03,"end":5263.47},{"text":"to","start":5263.47,"end":5263.55},{"text":"mitigate","start":5263.55,"end":5264.11},{"text":"and","start":5264.11,"end":5264.23},{"text":"respond","start":5264.23,"end":5264.67},{"text":"to","start":5264.67,"end":5264.79},{"text":"such","start":5264.79,"end":5265.11},{"text":"incidents","start":5265.11,"end":5265.75},{"text":"to","start":5265.91,"end":5265.99},{"text":"prevent","start":5266.15,"end":5266.59},{"text":"threats","start":5266.59,"end":5266.83},{"text":"to","start":5266.83,"end":5266.95},{"text":"infrastructure,","start":5266.95,"end":5267.75},{"text":"maritime","start":5267.75,"end":5268.23},{"text":"shipping,","start":5268.23,"end":5268.67},{"text":"and","start":5268.67,"end":5268.79},{"text":"fishing.","start":5268.79,"end":5269.27}]},{"text":"Central to defining responsible space behavior is the legally binding obligation of due regard under Article 9 of the Outer Space Treaty, which requires states to balance competing rights in good faith exercise due diligence and engage in open consultations before undertaking activities that could impair the interests of other states.","start":5269.91,"end":5287.19,"topics":[{"key":"responsible-behavior-norms","label":"Norms, Rules and Confidence-Building Measures","description":"Numerous statements supported developing norms, rules, principles of responsible behaviour, and transparency and confidence-building measures to reduce mistrust, miscalculation and escalation. Views differed on emphasis, but many saw these measures as complementary to future legal commitments."},{"key":"outer-space-law","label":"International Law and the Outer Space Treaty","description":"Delegations repeatedly referred to the 1967 Outer Space Treaty, the UN Charter, and in some cases international humanitarian law, as the foundation of space governance. Speakers emphasized compliance with existing law while some also called for the legal framework to be updated or strengthened."}],"words":[{"text":"Central","start":5269.91,"end":5270.35},{"text":"to","start":5270.35,"end":5270.43},{"text":"defining","start":5270.43,"end":5270.87},{"text":"responsible","start":5270.87,"end":5271.51},{"text":"space","start":5271.51,"end":5271.83},{"text":"behavior","start":5271.83,"end":5272.35},{"text":"is","start":5272.35,"end":5272.47},{"text":"the","start":5272.47,"end":5272.59},{"text":"legally","start":5272.59,"end":5272.95},{"text":"binding","start":5272.95,"end":5273.35},{"text":"obligation","start":5273.35,"end":5273.91},{"text":"of","start":5273.91,"end":5274.07},{"text":"due","start":5274.07,"end":5274.23},{"text":"regard","start":5274.23,"end":5274.63},{"text":"under","start":5274.63,"end":5274.91},{"text":"Article","start":5274.91,"end":5275.27},{"text":"9","start":5275.27,"end":5275.51},{"text":"of","start":5275.51,"end":5275.59},{"text":"the","start":5275.59,"end":5275.71},{"text":"Outer","start":5275.71,"end":5275.91},{"text":"Space","start":5275.91,"end":5276.23},{"text":"Treaty,","start":5276.23,"end":5276.71},{"text":"which","start":5277.07,"end":5277.35},{"text":"requires","start":5277.35,"end":5277.71},{"text":"states","start":5277.71,"end":5278.07},{"text":"to","start":5278.07,"end":5278.15},{"text":"balance","start":5278.15,"end":5278.55},{"text":"competing","start":5278.55,"end":5278.99},{"text":"rights","start":5278.99,"end":5279.23},{"text":"in","start":5279.23,"end":5279.35},{"text":"good","start":5279.35,"end":5279.55},{"text":"faith","start":5279.55,"end":5279.79},{"text":"exercise","start":5280.39,"end":5280.83},{"text":"due","start":5280.83,"end":5281.03},{"text":"diligence","start":5281.03,"end":5281.55},{"text":"and","start":5281.55,"end":5281.67},{"text":"engage","start":5281.67,"end":5281.99},{"text":"in","start":5281.99,"end":5282.15},{"text":"open","start":5282.15,"end":5282.47},{"text":"consultations","start":5282.47,"end":5283.27},{"text":"before","start":5283.27,"end":5283.59},{"text":"undertaking","start":5283.59,"end":5284.11},{"text":"activities","start":5284.11,"end":5284.79},{"text":"that","start":5284.87,"end":5285.19},{"text":"could","start":5285.19,"end":5285.31},{"text":"impair","start":5285.31,"end":5285.59},{"text":"the","start":5285.59,"end":5285.67},{"text":"interests","start":5285.67,"end":5286.31},{"text":"of","start":5286.31,"end":5286.47},{"text":"other","start":5286.47,"end":5286.71},{"text":"states.","start":5286.71,"end":5287.19}]},{"text":"We reiterate that voluntary political commitments and responsible behaviors and legally binding instruments on PAROS are mutually reinforcing and not mutually exclusive.","start":5287.67,"end":5295.91,"topics":[{"key":"responsible-behavior-norms","label":"Norms, Rules and Confidence-Building Measures","description":"Numerous statements supported developing norms, rules, principles of responsible behaviour, and transparency and confidence-building measures to reduce mistrust, miscalculation and escalation. Views differed on emphasis, but many saw these measures as complementary to future legal commitments."},{"key":"binding-space-instrument","label":"Legally Binding Space Security Instrument","description":"A major theme was the call for negotiations on a universal, multilaterally negotiated and verifiable legal instrument to prohibit weapons in outer space and attacks against space objects. Several speakers argued that voluntary measures cannot replace binding obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":5287.67,"end":5287.79},{"text":"reiterate","start":5287.79,"end":5288.31},{"text":"that","start":5288.31,"end":5288.47},{"text":"voluntary","start":5288.47,"end":5289.11},{"text":"political","start":5289.11,"end":5289.51},{"text":"commitments","start":5289.51,"end":5290.11},{"text":"and","start":5290.11,"end":5290.23},{"text":"responsible","start":5290.23,"end":5290.79},{"text":"behaviors","start":5290.79,"end":5291.43},{"text":"and","start":5291.43,"end":5291.55},{"text":"legally","start":5291.55,"end":5291.83},{"text":"binding","start":5291.83,"end":5292.23},{"text":"instruments","start":5292.23,"end":5292.71},{"text":"on","start":5292.71,"end":5292.87},{"text":"PAROS","start":5292.87,"end":5293.27},{"text":"are","start":5293.27,"end":5293.35},{"text":"mutually","start":5293.35,"end":5293.83},{"text":"reinforcing","start":5293.83,"end":5294.51},{"text":"and","start":5294.51,"end":5294.67},{"text":"not","start":5294.67,"end":5294.87},{"text":"mutually","start":5294.87,"end":5295.27},{"text":"exclusive.","start":5295.27,"end":5295.91}]},{"text":"Norms of behavior complement and do not substitute negotiations on a legally binding, multilaterally verifiable instrument prohibiting the placement of weapons and the threat or use of force against space objects.","start":5296.55,"end":5307.99,"topics":[{"key":"binding-space-instrument","label":"Legally Binding Space Security Instrument","description":"A major theme was the call for negotiations on a universal, multilaterally negotiated and verifiable legal instrument to prohibit weapons in outer space and attacks against space objects. Several speakers argued that voluntary measures cannot replace binding obligations."},{"key":"responsible-behavior-norms","label":"Norms, Rules and Confidence-Building Measures","description":"Numerous statements supported developing norms, rules, principles of responsible behaviour, and transparency and confidence-building measures to reduce mistrust, miscalculation and escalation. Views differed on emphasis, but many saw these measures as complementary to future legal commitments."}],"words":[{"text":"Norms","start":5296.55,"end":5296.83},{"text":"of","start":5296.83,"end":5296.91},{"text":"behavior","start":5296.91,"end":5297.35},{"text":"complement","start":5297.35,"end":5297.95},{"text":"and","start":5297.95,"end":5298.11},{"text":"do","start":5298.11,"end":5298.23},{"text":"not","start":5298.23,"end":5298.35},{"text":"substitute","start":5298.35,"end":5298.87},{"text":"negotiations","start":5298.87,"end":5299.71},{"text":"on","start":5299.71,"end":5299.83},{"text":"a","start":5299.83,"end":5299.87},{"text":"legally","start":5299.87,"end":5300.23},{"text":"binding,","start":5300.23,"end":5300.87},{"text":"multilaterally","start":5301.11,"end":5301.91},{"text":"verifiable","start":5301.91,"end":5303.07},{"text":"instrument","start":5303.07,"end":5303.59},{"text":"prohibiting","start":5303.59,"end":5304.07},{"text":"the","start":5304.07,"end":5304.15},{"text":"placement","start":5304.15,"end":5304.63},{"text":"of","start":5304.63,"end":5304.71},{"text":"weapons","start":5304.71,"end":5305.27},{"text":"and","start":5305.47,"end":5305.63},{"text":"the","start":5305.63,"end":5305.75},{"text":"threat","start":5305.75,"end":5306.03},{"text":"or","start":5306.03,"end":5306.15},{"text":"use","start":5306.15,"end":5306.43},{"text":"of","start":5306.43,"end":5306.51},{"text":"force","start":5306.51,"end":5306.87},{"text":"against","start":5306.87,"end":5307.15},{"text":"space","start":5307.15,"end":5307.43},{"text":"objects.","start":5307.43,"end":5307.99}]},{"text":"Finally, Chair, it is a firm view that the goal of outer space security should be securing outer space for the peaceful uses of all nations and preserving this vital domain for future generations.","start":5308.51,"end":5318.47,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-paros","label":"Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space must remain a peaceful domain and warned against its weaponization or transformation into a theatre of conflict. They framed preventing an arms race in outer space as a core international security objective."}],"words":[{"text":"Finally,","start":5308.51,"end":5308.79},{"text":"Chair,","start":5308.79,"end":5309.15},{"text":"it","start":5309.15,"end":5309.27},{"text":"is","start":5309.27,"end":5309.39},{"text":"a","start":5309.39,"end":5309.43},{"text":"firm","start":5309.43,"end":5309.79},{"text":"view","start":5309.79,"end":5309.95},{"text":"that","start":5309.95,"end":5310.07},{"text":"the","start":5310.07,"end":5310.19},{"text":"goal","start":5310.19,"end":5310.47},{"text":"of","start":5310.47,"end":5310.63},{"text":"outer","start":5310.63,"end":5310.87},{"text":"space","start":5310.87,"end":5311.23},{"text":"security","start":5311.23,"end":5311.75},{"text":"should","start":5311.75,"end":5311.99},{"text":"be","start":5311.99,"end":5312.07},{"text":"securing","start":5312.07,"end":5312.63},{"text":"outer","start":5312.63,"end":5312.95},{"text":"space","start":5312.95,"end":5313.35},{"text":"for","start":5313.35,"end":5313.59},{"text":"the","start":5313.59,"end":5313.67},{"text":"peaceful","start":5313.67,"end":5314.07},{"text":"uses","start":5314.07,"end":5314.47},{"text":"of","start":5314.47,"end":5314.55},{"text":"all","start":5314.55,"end":5314.71},{"text":"nations","start":5314.71,"end":5315.27},{"text":"and","start":5315.59,"end":5315.75},{"text":"preserving","start":5315.75,"end":5316.23},{"text":"this","start":5316.23,"end":5316.39},{"text":"vital","start":5316.39,"end":5316.79},{"text":"domain","start":5316.79,"end":5317.19},{"text":"for","start":5317.19,"end":5317.35},{"text":"future","start":5317.35,"end":5317.67},{"text":"generations.","start":5317.67,"end":5318.47}]},{"text":"Thank you, Chair.","start":5318.47,"end":5319.03,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":5318.47,"end":5318.63},{"text":"you,","start":5318.63,"end":5318.71},{"text":"Chair.","start":5318.71,"end":5319.03}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"PHL","group":null,"function":null,"affiliation_full":"Philippines"}},{"statement_number":57,"start":5321.03,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c1/81/15?lang=en&t=1:28:42","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of Philippines.","start":5321.03,"end":5323.91,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":5321.03,"end":5321.19},{"text":"thank","start":5321.35,"end":5321.67},{"text":"the","start":5321.67,"end":5321.79},{"text":"distinguished","start":5321.79,"end":5322.55},{"text":"representative","start":5322.55,"end":5323.19},{"text":"of","start":5323.19,"end":5323.27},{"text":"Philippines.","start":5323.27,"end":5323.91}]},{"text":"Now I give the floor to the distinguished representative of South Africa.","start":5323.95,"end":5327.51,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Now","start":5323.95,"end":5324.07},{"text":"I","start":5324.07,"end":5324.23},{"text":"give","start":5324.23,"end":5324.47},{"text":"the","start":5324.47,"end":5324.59},{"text":"floor","start":5324.59,"end":5324.83},{"text":"to","start":5324.83,"end":5324.95},{"text":"the","start":5324.95,"end":5325.07},{"text":"distinguished","start":5325.07,"end":5325.59},{"text":"representative","start":5325.59,"end":5326.39},{"text":"of","start":5326.39,"end":5326.63},{"text":"South","start":5326.63,"end":5327.03},{"text":"Africa.","start":5327.07,"end":5327.51}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"1st Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair","affiliation_full":"1st Committee"}},{"statement_number":58,"start":5331.11,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c1/81/15?lang=en&t=1:28:52","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Chairperson, South Africa aligns with the statement delivered on behalf of the Non-Aligned Movement and the African Group.","start":5331.11,"end":5337.59,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Chairperson,","start":5331.11,"end":5331.83},{"text":"South","start":5331.83,"end":5332.03},{"text":"Africa","start":5332.07,"end":5332.51},{"text":"aligns","start":5332.51,"end":5332.95},{"text":"with","start":5332.95,"end":5333.07},{"text":"the","start":5333.07,"end":5333.15},{"text":"statement","start":5333.19,"end":5333.83},{"text":"delivered","start":5333.83,"end":5334.27},{"text":"on","start":5334.27,"end":5334.39},{"text":"behalf","start":5334.39,"end":5334.83},{"text":"of","start":5334.83,"end":5334.95},{"text":"the","start":5334.95,"end":5335.11},{"text":"Non-Aligned","start":5335.11,"end":5335.83},{"text":"Movement","start":5335.83,"end":5336.39},{"text":"and","start":5336.39,"end":5336.59},{"text":"the","start":5336.59,"end":5336.67},{"text":"African","start":5336.67,"end":5337.19},{"text":"Group.","start":5337.19,"end":5337.59}]},{"text":"Many Member States consider outer space as an arena for peaceful uses rather than a frontier to place weapons.","start":5338.39,"end":5345.27,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-paros","label":"Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space must remain a peaceful domain and warned against its weaponization or transformation into a theatre of conflict. They framed preventing an arms race in outer space as a core international security objective."}],"words":[{"text":"Many","start":5338.39,"end":5338.59},{"text":"Member","start":5338.59,"end":5338.95},{"text":"States","start":5338.95,"end":5339.27},{"text":"consider","start":5339.27,"end":5339.91},{"text":"outer","start":5339.91,"end":5340.23},{"text":"space","start":5340.23,"end":5340.71},{"text":"as","start":5340.71,"end":5340.87},{"text":"an","start":5340.91,"end":5341.07},{"text":"arena","start":5341.07,"end":5341.51},{"text":"for","start":5341.51,"end":5341.67},{"text":"peaceful","start":5341.67,"end":5342.15},{"text":"uses","start":5342.19,"end":5342.71},{"text":"rather","start":5342.71,"end":5343.03},{"text":"than","start":5343.03,"end":5343.31},{"text":"a","start":5343.31,"end":5343.35},{"text":"frontier","start":5343.35,"end":5344.07},{"text":"to","start":5344.07,"end":5344.27},{"text":"place","start":5344.27,"end":5344.63},{"text":"weapons.","start":5344.63,"end":5345.27}]},{"text":"Recent developments concerning the use of outer space have signalled a reason for Member States to intensify discussions at the UN aimed at addressing these challenges.","start":5345.67,"end":5356.47,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Recent","start":5345.67,"end":5346.15},{"text":"developments","start":5346.15,"end":5346.87},{"text":"concerning","start":5346.87,"end":5347.51},{"text":"the","start":5347.51,"end":5347.67},{"text":"use","start":5347.67,"end":5347.99},{"text":"of","start":5347.99,"end":5348.15},{"text":"outer","start":5348.15,"end":5348.47},{"text":"space","start":5348.47,"end":5348.95},{"text":"have","start":5348.95,"end":5349.11},{"text":"signalled","start":5349.11,"end":5349.75},{"text":"a","start":5349.75,"end":5349.79},{"text":"reason","start":5349.79,"end":5350.39},{"text":"for","start":5350.55,"end":5350.83},{"text":"Member","start":5350.83,"end":5351.19},{"text":"States","start":5351.19,"end":5351.59},{"text":"to","start":5351.59,"end":5351.71},{"text":"intensify","start":5351.71,"end":5352.63},{"text":"discussions","start":5352.63,"end":5353.43},{"text":"at","start":5353.43,"end":5353.59},{"text":"the","start":5353.59,"end":5353.71},{"text":"UN","start":5353.75,"end":5354.23},{"text":"aimed","start":5354.47,"end":5354.95},{"text":"at","start":5354.95,"end":5355.11},{"text":"addressing","start":5355.11,"end":5355.55},{"text":"these","start":5355.55,"end":5355.75},{"text":"challenges.","start":5355.75,"end":5356.47}]},{"text":"South Africa urges Member States to refrain from unilateral coercive measures which contravene international law and which could impede or prevent space activities for peaceful purposes by developing countries and the full, effective and non-discriminatory implementation of the principles and treaties governing international space law.","start":5357.03,"end":5380.19,"topics":[{"key":"equitable-space-access","label":"Equitable Access and Capacity Building","description":"Many delegations argued that all states, especially developing countries, should benefit from peaceful space activities on a non-discriminatory basis. They called for stronger international cooperation, technology transfer, training, data sharing and capacity building."},{"key":"outer-space-law","label":"International Law and the Outer Space Treaty","description":"Delegations repeatedly referred to the 1967 Outer Space Treaty, the UN Charter, and in some cases international humanitarian law, as the foundation of space governance. Speakers emphasized compliance with existing law while some also called for the legal framework to be updated or strengthened."}],"words":[{"text":"South","start":5357.03,"end":5357.11},{"text":"Africa","start":5357.11,"end":5357.67},{"text":"urges","start":5357.67,"end":5358.07},{"text":"Member","start":5358.07,"end":5358.39},{"text":"States","start":5358.39,"end":5358.79},{"text":"to","start":5358.79,"end":5358.91},{"text":"refrain","start":5358.91,"end":5359.51},{"text":"from","start":5359.51,"end":5359.83},{"text":"unilateral","start":5359.83,"end":5360.55},{"text":"coercive","start":5360.55,"end":5361.11},{"text":"measures","start":5361.11,"end":5361.67},{"text":"which","start":5361.83,"end":5362.23},{"text":"contravene","start":5362.23,"end":5362.87},{"text":"international","start":5362.87,"end":5363.87},{"text":"law","start":5363.87,"end":5363.95},{"text":"and","start":5363.95,"end":5364.15},{"text":"which","start":5364.15,"end":5364.47},{"text":"could","start":5364.47,"end":5364.71},{"text":"impede","start":5364.79,"end":5365.51},{"text":"or","start":5365.67,"end":5365.91},{"text":"prevent","start":5365.91,"end":5366.39},{"text":"space","start":5366.39,"end":5366.79},{"text":"activities","start":5366.79,"end":5367.59},{"text":"for","start":5367.59,"end":5367.71},{"text":"peaceful","start":5367.71,"end":5368.15},{"text":"purposes","start":5368.15,"end":5369.11},{"text":"by","start":5369.11,"end":5369.35},{"text":"developing","start":5369.35,"end":5370.07},{"text":"countries","start":5370.07,"end":5370.79},{"text":"and","start":5370.87,"end":5371.11},{"text":"the","start":5371.11,"end":5371.27},{"text":"full,","start":5371.27,"end":5371.67},{"text":"effective","start":5371.99,"end":5372.71},{"text":"and","start":5372.71,"end":5372.99},{"text":"non-discriminatory","start":5372.99,"end":5374.31},{"text":"implementation","start":5374.87,"end":5375.79},{"text":"of","start":5375.79,"end":5375.91},{"text":"the","start":5375.91,"end":5376.03},{"text":"principles","start":5376.03,"end":5376.79},{"text":"and","start":5377.03,"end":5377.35},{"text":"treaties","start":5377.35,"end":5377.83},{"text":"governing","start":5377.83,"end":5378.47},{"text":"international","start":5378.63,"end":5379.43},{"text":"space","start":5379.43,"end":5379.91},{"text":"law.","start":5379.91,"end":5380.19}]},{"text":"We remain committed to the eventual negotiation of a legally binding instrument on the prevention of an arms race in outer space.","start":5381.03,"end":5389.27,"topics":[{"key":"binding-space-instrument","label":"Legally Binding Space Security Instrument","description":"A major theme was the call for negotiations on a universal, multilaterally negotiated and verifiable legal instrument to prohibit weapons in outer space and attacks against space objects. 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They framed preventing an arms race in outer space as a core international security objective."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":5381.03,"end":5381.11},{"text":"remain","start":5381.11,"end":5381.51},{"text":"committed","start":5381.51,"end":5382.03},{"text":"to","start":5382.03,"end":5382.23},{"text":"the","start":5382.23,"end":5382.39},{"text":"eventual","start":5382.51,"end":5383.07},{"text":"negotiation","start":5383.07,"end":5383.91},{"text":"of","start":5383.91,"end":5384.07},{"text":"a","start":5384.07,"end":5384.11},{"text":"legally","start":5384.11,"end":5384.87},{"text":"binding","start":5384.87,"end":5385.27},{"text":"instrument","start":5385.27,"end":5385.99},{"text":"on","start":5386.31,"end":5386.47},{"text":"the","start":5386.47,"end":5386.59},{"text":"prevention","start":5386.59,"end":5387.27},{"text":"of","start":5387.27,"end":5387.43},{"text":"an","start":5387.43,"end":5387.59},{"text":"arms","start":5387.59,"end":5387.91},{"text":"race","start":5387.91,"end":5388.23},{"text":"in","start":5388.23,"end":5388.39},{"text":"outer","start":5388.39,"end":5388.71},{"text":"space.","start":5388.71,"end":5389.27}]},{"text":"If there is political will to negotiate transparency and confidence building measures as a temporary stopgap measure, we could accept this as a pathway towards a PAROS treaty.","start":5389.59,"end":5403.11,"topics":[{"key":"responsible-behavior-norms","label":"Norms, Rules and Confidence-Building Measures","description":"Numerous statements supported developing norms, rules, principles of responsible behaviour, and transparency and confidence-building measures to reduce mistrust, miscalculation and escalation. 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Several speakers argued that voluntary measures cannot replace binding obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"If","start":5389.59,"end":5389.83},{"text":"there","start":5389.83,"end":5390.03},{"text":"is","start":5390.03,"end":5390.31},{"text":"political","start":5390.87,"end":5391.59},{"text":"will","start":5391.59,"end":5391.83},{"text":"to","start":5391.83,"end":5391.95},{"text":"negotiate","start":5391.99,"end":5392.79},{"text":"transparency","start":5393.03,"end":5393.99},{"text":"and","start":5393.99,"end":5394.23},{"text":"confidence","start":5394.23,"end":5394.87},{"text":"building","start":5394.87,"end":5395.31},{"text":"measures","start":5395.31,"end":5395.91},{"text":"as","start":5396.15,"end":5396.43},{"text":"a","start":5396.43,"end":5396.47},{"text":"temporary","start":5396.47,"end":5397.15},{"text":"stopgap","start":5397.19,"end":5397.83},{"text":"measure,","start":5397.83,"end":5398.31},{"text":"we","start":5399.11,"end":5399.35},{"text":"could","start":5399.35,"end":5399.67},{"text":"accept","start":5399.67,"end":5400.15},{"text":"this","start":5400.15,"end":5400.43},{"text":"as","start":5400.43,"end":5400.59},{"text":"a","start":5400.59,"end":5400.63},{"text":"pathway","start":5400.63,"end":5401.27},{"text":"towards","start":5401.51,"end":5402.03},{"text":"a","start":5402.03,"end":5402.07},{"text":"PAROS","start":5402.07,"end":5402.55},{"text":"treaty.","start":5402.55,"end":5403.11}]},{"text":"South Africa continues to call on states to refrain from placing objects carrying any type of weapon, including weapons of mass destruction into orbit, installing weapons on celestial bodies and threatening to use force against objects in outer space.","start":5403.43,"end":5419.63,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-paros","label":"Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space must remain a peaceful domain and warned against its weaponization or transformation into a theatre of conflict. 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Several speakers argued that voluntary measures cannot replace binding obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"South","start":5403.43,"end":5403.67},{"text":"Africa","start":5403.67,"end":5403.99},{"text":"continues","start":5403.99,"end":5404.71},{"text":"to","start":5404.71,"end":5404.83},{"text":"call","start":5404.87,"end":5405.11},{"text":"on","start":5405.11,"end":5405.27},{"text":"states","start":5405.27,"end":5405.75},{"text":"to","start":5405.75,"end":5405.95},{"text":"refrain","start":5405.95,"end":5406.47},{"text":"from","start":5406.47,"end":5406.71},{"text":"placing","start":5406.71,"end":5407.19},{"text":"objects","start":5407.19,"end":5407.83},{"text":"carrying","start":5408.51,"end":5408.83},{"text":"any","start":5408.83,"end":5409.15},{"text":"type","start":5409.15,"end":5409.47},{"text":"of","start":5409.47,"end":5409.63},{"text":"weapon,","start":5409.63,"end":5410.03},{"text":"including","start":5410.03,"end":5410.55},{"text":"weapons","start":5410.55,"end":5411.03},{"text":"of","start":5411.03,"end":5411.15},{"text":"mass","start":5411.15,"end":5411.47},{"text":"destruction","start":5411.47,"end":5412.19},{"text":"into","start":5412.19,"end":5412.51},{"text":"orbit,","start":5412.51,"end":5413.07},{"text":"installing","start":5413.39,"end":5413.95},{"text":"weapons","start":5413.95,"end":5414.43},{"text":"on","start":5414.43,"end":5414.59},{"text":"celestial","start":5414.59,"end":5415.31},{"text":"bodies","start":5415.31,"end":5415.95},{"text":"and","start":5415.95,"end":5416.23},{"text":"threatening","start":5416.23,"end":5416.91},{"text":"to","start":5416.91,"end":5417.03},{"text":"use","start":5417.03,"end":5417.39},{"text":"force","start":5417.39,"end":5417.79},{"text":"against","start":5417.79,"end":5418.23},{"text":"objects","start":5418.23,"end":5418.75},{"text":"in","start":5418.75,"end":5418.91},{"text":"outer","start":5418.91,"end":5419.15},{"text":"space.","start":5419.15,"end":5419.63}]},{"text":"Chairperson, there is no justification for the placement of weapons in outer space, nor does any state have the right to impede the use of outer space by developing countries for peaceful uses.","start":5420.03,"end":5431.95,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-paros","label":"Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space must remain a peaceful domain and warned against its weaponization or transformation into a theatre of conflict. 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They called for stronger international cooperation, technology transfer, training, data sharing and capacity building."}],"words":[{"text":"Chairperson,","start":5420.03,"end":5420.83},{"text":"there","start":5420.83,"end":5420.99},{"text":"is","start":5420.99,"end":5421.31},{"text":"no","start":5421.31,"end":5421.51},{"text":"justification","start":5421.55,"end":5422.51},{"text":"for","start":5422.51,"end":5422.67},{"text":"the","start":5422.67,"end":5422.75},{"text":"placement","start":5422.75,"end":5423.35},{"text":"of","start":5423.35,"end":5423.47},{"text":"weapons","start":5423.47,"end":5423.95},{"text":"in","start":5423.95,"end":5424.11},{"text":"outer","start":5424.11,"end":5424.43},{"text":"space,","start":5424.43,"end":5424.83},{"text":"nor","start":5425.15,"end":5425.39},{"text":"does","start":5425.39,"end":5425.79},{"text":"any","start":5425.79,"end":5426.03},{"text":"state","start":5426.03,"end":5426.35},{"text":"have","start":5426.35,"end":5426.59},{"text":"the","start":5426.59,"end":5426.71},{"text":"right","start":5426.71,"end":5427.03},{"text":"to","start":5427.03,"end":5427.11},{"text":"impede","start":5427.11,"end":5427.55},{"text":"the","start":5427.55,"end":5427.71},{"text":"use","start":5427.71,"end":5428.07},{"text":"of","start":5428.07,"end":5428.27},{"text":"outer","start":5428.27,"end":5428.59},{"text":"space","start":5428.59,"end":5428.99},{"text":"by","start":5429.23,"end":5429.47},{"text":"developing","start":5429.47,"end":5430.19},{"text":"countries","start":5430.19,"end":5430.71},{"text":"for","start":5430.71,"end":5430.87},{"text":"peaceful","start":5430.87,"end":5431.31},{"text":"uses.","start":5431.39,"end":5431.95}]},{"text":"We underscore that the scientific research and developmental needs of developing states should not be hampered, and we should strive to maintain the integrity of space systems.","start":5432.11,"end":5442.83,"topics":[{"key":"equitable-space-access","label":"Equitable Access and Capacity Building","description":"Many delegations argued that all states, especially developing countries, should benefit from peaceful space activities on a non-discriminatory basis. They called for stronger international cooperation, technology transfer, training, data sharing and capacity building."},{"key":"civilian-space-services","label":"Protection of Civilian Space Services","description":"A number of delegations emphasized that societies depend on satellites for communications, navigation, disaster response, banking, climate monitoring and other essential services. They therefore called for stronger protection of civilian and humanitarian space systems from disruption or attack."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":5432.11,"end":5432.39},{"text":"underscore","start":5432.39,"end":5432.95},{"text":"that","start":5432.95,"end":5433.15},{"text":"the","start":5433.15,"end":5433.27},{"text":"scientific","start":5433.27,"end":5434.03},{"text":"research","start":5434.03,"end":5434.67},{"text":"and","start":5434.99,"end":5435.27},{"text":"developmental","start":5435.27,"end":5436.11},{"text":"needs","start":5436.11,"end":5436.43},{"text":"of","start":5436.43,"end":5436.59},{"text":"developing","start":5436.59,"end":5437.23},{"text":"states","start":5437.23,"end":5437.63},{"text":"should","start":5437.63,"end":5437.87},{"text":"not","start":5437.87,"end":5438.19},{"text":"be","start":5438.19,"end":5438.31},{"text":"hampered,","start":5438.43,"end":5438.91},{"text":"and","start":5439.23,"end":5439.47},{"text":"we","start":5439.47,"end":5439.55},{"text":"should","start":5439.55,"end":5439.87},{"text":"strive","start":5439.87,"end":5440.19},{"text":"to","start":5440.19,"end":5440.35},{"text":"maintain","start":5440.35,"end":5440.83},{"text":"the","start":5440.83,"end":5440.95},{"text":"integrity","start":5440.95,"end":5441.63},{"text":"of","start":5441.67,"end":5441.79},{"text":"space","start":5441.79,"end":5442.23},{"text":"systems.","start":5442.23,"end":5442.83}]},{"text":"The existing framework, such as the Outer Space Treaty, provides the foundation for international space law and clearly prohibits the militarization of outer space.","start":5443.31,"end":5453.47,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-law","label":"International Law and the Outer Space Treaty","description":"Delegations repeatedly referred to the 1967 Outer Space Treaty, the UN Charter, and in some cases international humanitarian law, as the foundation of space governance. Speakers emphasized compliance with existing law while some also called for the legal framework to be updated or strengthened."},{"key":"outer-space-paros","label":"Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space must remain a peaceful domain and warned against its weaponization or transformation into a theatre of conflict. 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They framed preventing an arms race in outer space as a core international security objective."},{"key":"responsible-behavior-norms","label":"Norms, Rules and Confidence-Building Measures","description":"Numerous statements supported developing norms, rules, principles of responsible behaviour, and transparency and confidence-building measures to reduce mistrust, miscalculation and escalation. 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this regard, we look forward to the further sessions of the OEWG on the prevention of an arms race in outer space in 2027.","start":5495.07,"end":5504.19,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":5495.07,"end":5495.15},{"text":"this","start":5495.15,"end":5495.39},{"text":"regard,","start":5495.39,"end":5495.79},{"text":"we","start":5495.79,"end":5495.87},{"text":"look","start":5495.87,"end":5496.11},{"text":"forward","start":5496.11,"end":5496.43},{"text":"to","start":5496.43,"end":5496.55},{"text":"the","start":5496.55,"end":5496.67},{"text":"further","start":5496.67,"end":5497.07},{"text":"sessions","start":5497.07,"end":5497.63},{"text":"of","start":5497.63,"end":5497.79},{"text":"the","start":5497.79,"end":5497.91},{"text":"OEWG","start":5497.95,"end":5498.99},{"text":"on","start":5499.23,"end":5499.47},{"text":"the","start":5499.47,"end":5499.55},{"text":"prevention","start":5499.55,"end":5500.31},{"text":"of","start":5500.31,"end":5500.47},{"text":"an","start":5500.47,"end":5500.67},{"text":"arms","start":5500.67,"end":5501.07},{"text":"race","start":5501.55,"end":5501.95},{"text":"in","start":5501.95,"end":5502.19},{"text":"outer","start":5502.19,"end":5502.43},{"text":"space","start":5502.43,"end":5502.83},{"text":"in","start":5502.83,"end":5502.99},{"text":"2027.","start":5502.99,"end":5504.19}]},{"text":"I thank you.","start":5504.35,"end":5504.91,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":5504.35,"end":5504.51},{"text":"thank","start":5504.51,"end":5504.83},{"text":"you.","start":5504.83,"end":5504.91}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"ZAF","group":null,"function":null,"affiliation_full":"South Africa"}},{"statement_number":59,"start":5506.43,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c1/81/15?lang=en&t=1:31:47","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of South Africa.","start":5506.43,"end":5510.15,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":5506.43,"end":5506.67},{"text":"thank","start":5506.75,"end":5507.15},{"text":"the","start":5507.15,"end":5507.35},{"text":"distinguished","start":5507.39,"end":5508.19},{"text":"representative","start":5508.19,"end":5508.99},{"text":"of","start":5508.99,"end":5509.39},{"text":"South","start":5509.39,"end":5509.75},{"text":"Africa.","start":5509.75,"end":5510.15}]},{"text":"Now I give the floor to the distinguished Permanent Representative to the Conference on Disarmament of France.","start":5510.15,"end":5516.99,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Now","start":5510.15,"end":5510.43},{"text":"I","start":5510.43,"end":5510.67},{"text":"give","start":5510.67,"end":5510.99},{"text":"the","start":5510.99,"end":5511.07},{"text":"floor","start":5511.07,"end":5511.39},{"text":"to","start":5511.39,"end":5511.47},{"text":"the","start":5511.47,"end":5511.79},{"text":"distinguished","start":5511.79,"end":5512.59},{"text":"Permanent","start":5512.59,"end":5513.15},{"text":"Representative","start":5513.15,"end":5513.87},{"text":"to","start":5513.87,"end":5513.95},{"text":"the","start":5513.95,"end":5514.11},{"text":"Conference","start":5514.11,"end":5514.75},{"text":"on","start":5514.75,"end":5514.99},{"text":"Disarmament","start":5515.31,"end":5516.27},{"text":"of","start":5516.27,"end":5516.43},{"text":"France.","start":5516.43,"end":5516.99}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"1st 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believes that the preservation of a safe, secure, stable, and sustainable space environment as the cornerstone of our policy.","start":5529.63,"end":5540.51,"topics":[{"key":"space-sustainability","label":"Space Sustainability and Debris","description":"Long-term sustainability of the space environment emerged as a recurring concern, especially regarding debris, large satellite constellations, uncontrolled re-entries and space traffic. 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They called for stronger international cooperation, technology transfer, training, data sharing and capacity building."},{"key":"responsible-behavior-norms","label":"Norms, Rules and Confidence-Building Measures","description":"Numerous statements supported developing norms, rules, principles of responsible behaviour, and transparency and confidence-building measures to reduce mistrust, miscalculation and escalation. 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Views differed on emphasis, but many saw these measures as complementary to future legal commitments."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":5602.79,"end":5603.03},{"text":"entails","start":5603.03,"end":5603.51},{"text":"greater","start":5603.51,"end":5603.91},{"text":"transparency","start":5603.91,"end":5604.87},{"text":"regarding","start":5604.87,"end":5605.43},{"text":"space","start":5605.43,"end":5605.91},{"text":"activities","start":5605.91,"end":5606.55},{"text":"in","start":5606.55,"end":5606.71},{"text":"order","start":5606.71,"end":5607.11},{"text":"to","start":5607.35,"end":5607.75},{"text":"reduce","start":5607.91,"end":5608.39},{"text":"ambiguity","start":5608.39,"end":5609.27},{"text":"and","start":5609.27,"end":5609.59},{"text":"to","start":5609.59,"end":5609.67},{"text":"prevent","start":5609.67,"end":5610.11},{"text":"any","start":5610.11,"end":5610.31},{"text":"risk","start":5610.31,"end":5610.59},{"text":"of","start":5610.59,"end":5610.67},{"text":"uncontrolled","start":5610.67,"end":5611.47},{"text":"escalation.","start":5611.51,"end":5612.39}]},{"text":"We are playing our full part in this by implementing the transparency and confidence building measures which were agreed to in 2013 and endorsed by a growing number of states and international organizations.","start":5612.71,"end":5626.31,"topics":[{"key":"responsible-behavior-norms","label":"Norms, Rules and Confidence-Building Measures","description":"Numerous statements supported developing norms, rules, principles of responsible behaviour, and transparency and confidence-building measures to reduce mistrust, miscalculation and escalation. Views differed on emphasis, but many saw these measures as complementary to future legal commitments."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":5612.71,"end":5613.19},{"text":"are","start":5613.19,"end":5613.59},{"text":"playing","start":5613.59,"end":5614.07},{"text":"our","start":5614.07,"end":5614.31},{"text":"full","start":5614.31,"end":5614.55},{"text":"part","start":5614.55,"end":5615.11},{"text":"in","start":5615.11,"end":5615.31},{"text":"this","start":5615.31,"end":5615.59},{"text":"by","start":5615.59,"end":5615.75},{"text":"implementing","start":5615.75,"end":5616.55},{"text":"the","start":5616.87,"end":5617.07},{"text":"transparency","start":5617.07,"end":5617.87},{"text":"and","start":5617.87,"end":5617.99},{"text":"confidence","start":5617.99,"end":5618.71},{"text":"building","start":5618.71,"end":5619.03},{"text":"measures","start":5619.03,"end":5619.43},{"text":"which","start":5619.43,"end":5619.63},{"text":"were","start":5619.63,"end":5619.79},{"text":"agreed","start":5619.79,"end":5620.07},{"text":"to","start":5620.07,"end":5620.15},{"text":"in","start":5620.15,"end":5620.23},{"text":"2013","start":5620.23,"end":5621.67},{"text":"and","start":5621.99,"end":5622.43},{"text":"endorsed","start":5622.43,"end":5623.19},{"text":"by","start":5623.19,"end":5623.35},{"text":"a","start":5623.35,"end":5623.39},{"text":"growing","start":5623.39,"end":5623.71},{"text":"number","start":5623.71,"end":5624.07},{"text":"of","start":5624.07,"end":5624.15},{"text":"states","start":5624.15,"end":5624.55},{"text":"and","start":5624.55,"end":5624.71},{"text":"international","start":5624.71,"end":5625.19},{"text":"organizations.","start":5625.19,"end":5626.31}]},{"text":"Strengthening space related security must therefore be rooted in a combination of existing obligations and non legally binding instruments.","start":5626.87,"end":5637.51,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-law","label":"International Law and the Outer Space Treaty","description":"Delegations repeatedly referred to the 1967 Outer Space Treaty, the UN Charter, and in some cases international humanitarian law, as the foundation of space governance. Speakers emphasized compliance with existing law while some also called for the legal framework to be updated or strengthened."},{"key":"responsible-behavior-norms","label":"Norms, Rules and Confidence-Building Measures","description":"Numerous statements supported developing norms, rules, principles of responsible behaviour, and transparency and confidence-building measures to reduce mistrust, miscalculation and escalation. Views differed on emphasis, but many saw these measures as complementary to future legal commitments."}],"words":[{"text":"Strengthening","start":5626.87,"end":5627.83},{"text":"space","start":5627.83,"end":5628.63},{"text":"related","start":5628.63,"end":5629.11},{"text":"security","start":5629.11,"end":5629.67},{"text":"must","start":5629.67,"end":5630.15},{"text":"therefore","start":5630.95,"end":5631.43},{"text":"be","start":5631.43,"end":5631.75},{"text":"rooted","start":5632.07,"end":5632.55},{"text":"in","start":5632.55,"end":5632.75},{"text":"a","start":5632.75,"end":5632.79},{"text":"combination","start":5632.79,"end":5633.43},{"text":"of","start":5633.43,"end":5633.51},{"text":"existing","start":5633.51,"end":5633.99},{"text":"obligations","start":5633.99,"end":5634.79},{"text":"and","start":5634.79,"end":5635.19},{"text":"non","start":5635.19,"end":5635.67},{"text":"legally","start":5635.75,"end":5636.15},{"text":"binding","start":5636.15,"end":5636.63},{"text":"instruments.","start":5636.63,"end":5637.51}]},{"text":"France will continue to support transparency and confidence-building measures within the framework of PAROS.","start":5638.07,"end":5644.95,"topics":[{"key":"responsible-behavior-norms","label":"Norms, Rules and Confidence-Building Measures","description":"Numerous statements supported developing norms, rules, principles of responsible behaviour, and transparency and confidence-building measures to reduce mistrust, miscalculation and escalation. Views differed on emphasis, but many saw these measures as complementary to future legal commitments."},{"key":"outer-space-paros","label":"Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space must remain a peaceful domain and warned against its weaponization or transformation into a theatre of conflict. They framed preventing an arms race in outer space as a core international security objective."}],"words":[{"text":"France","start":5638.07,"end":5638.31},{"text":"will","start":5638.31,"end":5638.47},{"text":"continue","start":5638.47,"end":5639.11},{"text":"to","start":5639.11,"end":5639.23},{"text":"support","start":5639.23,"end":5639.99},{"text":"transparency","start":5640.31,"end":5641.07},{"text":"and","start":5641.07,"end":5641.23},{"text":"confidence-building","start":5641.23,"end":5642.15},{"text":"measures","start":5642.15,"end":5642.87},{"text":"within","start":5643.19,"end":5643.51},{"text":"the","start":5643.51,"end":5643.63},{"text":"framework","start":5643.63,"end":5644.07},{"text":"of","start":5644.07,"end":5644.23},{"text":"PAROS.","start":5644.23,"end":5644.95}]},{"text":"We will pay particular attention to the characterization of conduct rather than technologies and capabilities, and this work will form the basis for future binding legal measures and instruments.","start":5645.27,"end":5663.11,"topics":[{"key":"binding-space-instrument","label":"Legally Binding Space Security Instrument","description":"A major theme was the call for negotiations on a universal, multilaterally negotiated and verifiable legal instrument to prohibit weapons in outer space and attacks against space objects. Several speakers argued that voluntary measures cannot replace binding obligations."},{"key":"responsible-behavior-norms","label":"Norms, Rules and Confidence-Building Measures","description":"Numerous statements supported developing norms, rules, principles of responsible behaviour, and transparency and confidence-building measures to reduce mistrust, miscalculation and escalation. Views differed on emphasis, but many saw these measures as complementary to future legal commitments."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":5645.27,"end":5645.47},{"text":"will","start":5645.47,"end":5645.91},{"text":"pay","start":5646.39,"end":5646.51},{"text":"particular","start":5646.51,"end":5647.15},{"text":"attention","start":5647.15,"end":5647.75},{"text":"to","start":5647.75,"end":5648.39},{"text":"the","start":5648.71,"end":5648.95},{"text":"characterization","start":5649.11,"end":5650.63},{"text":"of","start":5651.23,"end":5651.43},{"text":"conduct","start":5651.59,"end":5652.47},{"text":"rather","start":5652.47,"end":5653.03},{"text":"than","start":5653.03,"end":5653.59},{"text":"technologies","start":5653.83,"end":5654.87},{"text":"and","start":5654.95,"end":5655.19},{"text":"capabilities,","start":5655.19,"end":5656.15},{"text":"and","start":5656.15,"end":5656.31},{"text":"this","start":5656.31,"end":5656.63},{"text":"work","start":5656.63,"end":5657.03},{"text":"will","start":5657.03,"end":5657.35},{"text":"form","start":5657.35,"end":5657.75},{"text":"the","start":5657.75,"end":5657.91},{"text":"basis","start":5657.91,"end":5658.55},{"text":"for","start":5658.95,"end":5659.35},{"text":"future","start":5659.35,"end":5660.23},{"text":"binding","start":5660.79,"end":5661.43},{"text":"legal","start":5661.43,"end":5661.67},{"text":"measures","start":5661.67,"end":5662.07},{"text":"and","start":5662.07,"end":5662.23},{"text":"instruments.","start":5662.23,"end":5663.11}]},{"text":"Mr. Chairman, France intends to continue to further commitment to all work aimed at strengthening space security, and we will approach the resolution tabled with the same constructive approach.","start":5663.43,"end":5676.19,"topics":[{"key":"space-sustainability","label":"Space Sustainability and Debris","description":"Long-term sustainability of the space environment emerged as a recurring concern, especially regarding debris, large satellite constellations, uncontrolled re-entries and space traffic. Speakers warned that harmful activities in orbit could make parts of space unusable for future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":5663.43,"end":5663.79},{"text":"Chairman,","start":5663.79,"end":5664.43},{"text":"France","start":5664.91,"end":5665.51},{"text":"intends","start":5665.51,"end":5665.95},{"text":"to","start":5665.95,"end":5666.27},{"text":"continue","start":5666.27,"end":5666.99},{"text":"to","start":5666.99,"end":5667.11},{"text":"further","start":5667.11,"end":5667.55},{"text":"commitment","start":5667.55,"end":5668.07},{"text":"to","start":5668.07,"end":5668.27},{"text":"all","start":5668.27,"end":5668.67},{"text":"work","start":5668.67,"end":5669.15},{"text":"aimed","start":5669.47,"end":5669.79},{"text":"at","start":5669.79,"end":5669.95},{"text":"strengthening","start":5669.95,"end":5670.55},{"text":"space","start":5670.55,"end":5670.95},{"text":"security,","start":5670.95,"end":5671.39},{"text":"and","start":5671.39,"end":5671.51},{"text":"we","start":5671.51,"end":5671.59},{"text":"will","start":5671.59,"end":5671.71},{"text":"approach","start":5671.71,"end":5672.11},{"text":"the","start":5672.11,"end":5672.19},{"text":"resolution","start":5672.19,"end":5672.91},{"text":"tabled","start":5673.23,"end":5673.71},{"text":"with","start":5673.71,"end":5673.91},{"text":"the","start":5673.91,"end":5673.99},{"text":"same","start":5673.99,"end":5674.51},{"text":"constructive","start":5674.67,"end":5675.47},{"text":"approach.","start":5675.47,"end":5676.19}]},{"text":"Thank you, Mr. Chairman.","start":5677.07,"end":5678.11,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":5677.07,"end":5677.35},{"text":"you,","start":5677.35,"end":5677.43},{"text":"Mr.","start":5677.43,"end":5677.75},{"text":"Chairman.","start":5677.75,"end":5678.11}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"FRA","group":null,"function":"Permanent Representative to the Conference on Disarmament","affiliation_full":"France"}},{"statement_number":61,"start":5680.19,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c1/81/15?lang=en&t=1:34:41","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished permanent representative to the Conference on Disarmament of France.","start":5680.19,"end":5685.47,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":5680.19,"end":5680.43},{"text":"thank","start":5680.43,"end":5680.83},{"text":"the","start":5680.83,"end":5680.91},{"text":"distinguished","start":5680.91,"end":5681.55},{"text":"permanent","start":5681.55,"end":5682.27},{"text":"representative","start":5682.51,"end":5683.23},{"text":"to","start":5683.23,"end":5683.31},{"text":"the","start":5683.31,"end":5683.47},{"text":"Conference","start":5683.47,"end":5684.07},{"text":"on","start":5684.07,"end":5684.19},{"text":"Disarmament","start":5684.19,"end":5684.91},{"text":"of","start":5684.91,"end":5685.07},{"text":"France.","start":5685.07,"end":5685.47}]},{"text":"Now I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Switzerland.","start":5685.47,"end":5689.83,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Now","start":5685.47,"end":5685.71},{"text":"I","start":5685.71,"end":5685.87},{"text":"give","start":5685.87,"end":5686.15},{"text":"the","start":5686.15,"end":5686.27},{"text":"floor","start":5686.27,"end":5686.59},{"text":"to","start":5686.59,"end":5686.67},{"text":"the","start":5686.67,"end":5686.83},{"text":"distinguished","start":5687.23,"end":5687.95},{"text":"representative","start":5687.95,"end":5688.83},{"text":"of","start":5688.83,"end":5689.07},{"text":"Switzerland.","start":5689.07,"end":5689.83}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"1st Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair","affiliation_full":"1st Committee"}},{"statement_number":62,"start":5696.43,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c1/81/15?lang=en&t=1:34:57","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Mr. Chairman.","start":5696.43,"end":5698.75,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":5696.43,"end":5696.83},{"text":"you,","start":5696.83,"end":5697.07},{"text":"Mr.","start":5697.79,"end":5698.19},{"text":"Chairman.","start":5698.19,"end":5698.75}]},{"text":"Outer space has become a major strategic arena for global geopolitical rivalries.","start":5699.95,"end":5707.83,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-paros","label":"Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space must remain a peaceful domain and warned against its weaponization or transformation into a theatre of conflict. They framed preventing an arms race in outer space as a core international security objective."}],"words":[{"text":"Outer","start":5699.95,"end":5700.19},{"text":"space","start":5700.19,"end":5700.43},{"text":"has","start":5700.43,"end":5700.55},{"text":"become","start":5700.55,"end":5700.91},{"text":"a","start":5700.91,"end":5701.07},{"text":"major","start":5701.07,"end":5701.79},{"text":"strategic","start":5702.59,"end":5703.79},{"text":"arena","start":5704.79,"end":5705.75},{"text":"for","start":5705.75,"end":5705.99},{"text":"global","start":5705.99,"end":5706.55},{"text":"geopolitical","start":5706.55,"end":5707.03},{"text":"rivalries.","start":5707.03,"end":5707.83}]},{"text":"We are concerned about plans and announcements about placement of weapons in orbit and anti-satellite capabilities, as well as the deployment to jamming or the use or disruption of other messages and signals and other disruptive activities are alarming.","start":5707.83,"end":5724.79,"topics":[{"key":"counterspace-threats","label":"Counter-Space Weapons and Anti-Satellite Threats","description":"Several speakers highlighted concrete threats such as anti-satellite missiles, destructive direct-ascent ASAT tests, jamming, spoofing, and other counter-space capabilities. These were presented as urgent risks to stability, security and strategic predictability in space."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":5707.83,"end":5707.95},{"text":"are","start":5707.95,"end":5708.03},{"text":"concerned","start":5708.03,"end":5708.39},{"text":"about","start":5708.39,"end":5708.71},{"text":"plans","start":5708.71,"end":5709.35},{"text":"and","start":5709.35,"end":5709.59},{"text":"announcements","start":5709.59,"end":5710.15},{"text":"about","start":5710.15,"end":5710.39},{"text":"placement","start":5710.39,"end":5710.83},{"text":"of","start":5710.83,"end":5710.91},{"text":"weapons","start":5710.91,"end":5711.27},{"text":"in","start":5711.27,"end":5711.43},{"text":"orbit","start":5712.31,"end":5712.67},{"text":"and","start":5712.67,"end":5712.83},{"text":"anti-satellite","start":5712.83,"end":5713.83},{"text":"capabilities,","start":5713.83,"end":5714.71},{"text":"as","start":5714.71,"end":5714.79},{"text":"well","start":5714.79,"end":5714.95},{"text":"as","start":5714.95,"end":5715.03},{"text":"the","start":5715.03,"end":5715.11},{"text":"deployment","start":5715.11,"end":5715.71},{"text":"to","start":5715.71,"end":5715.83},{"text":"jamming","start":5715.83,"end":5716.39},{"text":"or","start":5716.39,"end":5716.79},{"text":"the","start":5716.79,"end":5716.91},{"text":"use","start":5717.19,"end":5717.67},{"text":"or","start":5717.75,"end":5718.39},{"text":"disruption","start":5718.39,"end":5718.87},{"text":"of","start":5718.87,"end":5718.95},{"text":"other","start":5718.95,"end":5719.75},{"text":"messages","start":5720.07,"end":5720.71},{"text":"and","start":5720.71,"end":5720.95},{"text":"signals","start":5720.95,"end":5721.59},{"text":"and","start":5721.99,"end":5722.31},{"text":"other","start":5722.31,"end":5722.87},{"text":"disruptive","start":5723.11,"end":5723.55},{"text":"activities","start":5723.55,"end":5724.07},{"text":"are","start":5724.07,"end":5724.23},{"text":"alarming.","start":5724.23,"end":5724.79}]},{"text":"These undermine stability in orbit as well as safety and security of essential critical civilian infrastructure.","start":5724.79,"end":5731.27,"topics":[{"key":"civilian-space-services","label":"Protection of Civilian Space Services","description":"A number of delegations emphasized that societies depend on satellites for communications, navigation, disaster response, banking, climate monitoring and other essential services. 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Several speakers argued that voluntary measures cannot replace binding obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":5759.67,"end":5759.87},{"text":"Outer","start":5759.91,"end":5760.15},{"text":"Space","start":5760.15,"end":5760.63},{"text":"Treaty","start":5760.71,"end":5761.27},{"text":"prevents","start":5761.35,"end":5761.83},{"text":"the","start":5761.83,"end":5761.99},{"text":"orbiting","start":5761.99,"end":5762.71},{"text":"of","start":5762.99,"end":5763.11},{"text":"nuclear","start":5763.11,"end":5763.51},{"text":"weapons","start":5763.51,"end":5763.99},{"text":"as","start":5763.99,"end":5764.23},{"text":"well","start":5764.23,"end":5764.55},{"text":"as","start":5764.55,"end":5764.95},{"text":"the","start":5765.03,"end":5765.35},{"text":"deployment","start":5765.35,"end":5765.83},{"text":"of","start":5765.83,"end":5765.99},{"text":"such","start":5765.99,"end":5766.39},{"text":"weapons","start":5766.39,"end":5766.75},{"text":"in","start":5766.75,"end":5766.87},{"text":"celestial","start":5766.87,"end":5767.31},{"text":"bodies","start":5767.31,"end":5767.83},{"text":"and","start":5767.87,"end":5768.07},{"text":"their","start":5768.55,"end":5768.95},{"text":"placement","start":5769.11,"end":5769.79},{"text":"in","start":5769.79,"end":5769.87},{"text":"any","start":5769.87,"end":5770.07},{"text":"other","start":5770.07,"end":5770.55},{"text":"way","start":5770.63,"end":5771.19},{"text":"in","start":5771.19,"end":5771.43},{"text":"outer","start":5771.43,"end":5771.59},{"text":"space.","start":5771.59,"end":5771.99}]},{"text":"International law, including international humanitarian law, also applies when it comes to outer space.","start":5771.99,"end":5778.55,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-law","label":"International Law and the Outer Space Treaty","description":"Delegations repeatedly referred to the 1967 Outer Space Treaty, the UN Charter, and in some cases international humanitarian law, as the foundation of space governance. Speakers emphasized compliance with existing law while some also called for the legal framework to be updated or strengthened."}],"words":[{"text":"International","start":5771.99,"end":5772.79},{"text":"law,","start":5772.79,"end":5773.11},{"text":"including","start":5773.43,"end":5773.95},{"text":"international","start":5773.95,"end":5774.51},{"text":"humanitarian","start":5774.51,"end":5775.35},{"text":"law,","start":5775.35,"end":5775.83},{"text":"also","start":5776.15,"end":5776.55},{"text":"applies","start":5776.55,"end":5777.11},{"text":"when","start":5777.11,"end":5777.27},{"text":"it","start":5777.27,"end":5777.35},{"text":"comes","start":5777.35,"end":5777.75},{"text":"to","start":5777.75,"end":5777.99},{"text":"outer","start":5777.99,"end":5778.23},{"text":"space.","start":5778.23,"end":5778.55}]},{"text":"Recognizing these applications under no circumstances means legitimate the use of force in this environment.","start":5778.55,"end":5785.83,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-law","label":"International Law and the Outer Space Treaty","description":"Delegations repeatedly referred to the 1967 Outer Space Treaty, the UN Charter, and in some cases international humanitarian law, as the foundation of space governance. Speakers emphasized compliance with existing law while some also called for the legal framework to be updated or strengthened."}],"words":[{"text":"Recognizing","start":5778.55,"end":5779.15},{"text":"these","start":5779.15,"end":5779.31},{"text":"applications","start":5779.31,"end":5779.91},{"text":"under","start":5779.91,"end":5780.11},{"text":"no","start":5780.11,"end":5780.27},{"text":"circumstances","start":5780.27,"end":5781.19},{"text":"means","start":5781.19,"end":5781.67},{"text":"legitimate","start":5781.75,"end":5782.35},{"text":"the","start":5782.87,"end":5782.99},{"text":"use","start":5782.99,"end":5783.31},{"text":"of","start":5783.31,"end":5783.51},{"text":"force","start":5783.59,"end":5784.23},{"text":"in","start":5784.23,"end":5784.63},{"text":"this","start":5784.63,"end":5784.91},{"text":"environment.","start":5784.91,"end":5785.83}]},{"text":"Although the normative framework applicable in space needs to be fully complied with and upheld, at the same time, it is also necessary to enhance this.","start":5786.39,"end":5794.55,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-law","label":"International Law and the Outer Space Treaty","description":"Delegations repeatedly referred to the 1967 Outer Space Treaty, the UN Charter, and in some cases international humanitarian law, as the foundation of space governance. 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Several speakers argued that voluntary measures cannot replace binding obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":5794.55,"end":5794.79},{"text":"in","start":5795.11,"end":5795.27},{"text":"this","start":5795.27,"end":5795.51},{"text":"regard,","start":5795.51,"end":5795.91},{"text":"we","start":5795.91,"end":5795.99},{"text":"welcome","start":5795.99,"end":5796.39},{"text":"discussions","start":5796.55,"end":5797.27},{"text":"underway","start":5797.27,"end":5797.63},{"text":"at","start":5797.63,"end":5797.71},{"text":"the","start":5797.71,"end":5797.83},{"text":"working","start":5797.83,"end":5798.15},{"text":"group","start":5798.15,"end":5798.47},{"text":"on","start":5798.47,"end":5798.67},{"text":"preventing","start":5798.67,"end":5799.23},{"text":"an","start":5799.23,"end":5799.35},{"text":"arms","start":5799.35,"end":5799.75},{"text":"race","start":5799.75,"end":5800.07},{"text":"in","start":5800.07,"end":5800.23},{"text":"outer","start":5800.23,"end":5800.47},{"text":"space.","start":5800.47,"end":5801.27}]},{"text":"And the group is nearly midway there, and it will be undertaking an exchange of views for the crafting of recommendations.","start":5802.11,"end":5810.47,"topics":[{"key":"binding-space-instrument","label":"Legally Binding Space Security Instrument","description":"A major theme was the call for negotiations on a universal, multilaterally negotiated and verifiable legal instrument to prohibit weapons in outer space and attacks against space objects. 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They framed preventing an arms race in outer space as a core international security objective."}],"words":[{"text":"Space","start":5843.59,"end":5843.99},{"text":"needs","start":5843.99,"end":5844.19},{"text":"to","start":5844.19,"end":5844.31},{"text":"remain","start":5844.31,"end":5844.75},{"text":"a","start":5845.07,"end":5845.11},{"text":"realm","start":5845.11,"end":5845.71},{"text":"where","start":5845.79,"end":5846.27},{"text":"exploration","start":5846.27,"end":5847.03},{"text":"and","start":5847.03,"end":5847.15},{"text":"scientific","start":5847.15,"end":5847.71},{"text":"research,","start":5847.71,"end":5848.27},{"text":"as","start":5848.27,"end":5848.35},{"text":"well","start":5848.35,"end":5848.51},{"text":"as","start":5848.51,"end":5848.59},{"text":"peaceful","start":5848.59,"end":5849.15},{"text":"use,","start":5849.39,"end":5850.19},{"text":"can","start":5850.59,"end":5850.83},{"text":"be","start":5850.83,"end":5851.07},{"text":"continued","start":5851.07,"end":5851.99},{"text":"for","start":5851.99,"end":5852.11},{"text":"the","start":5852.11,"end":5852.23},{"text":"benefit","start":5852.23,"end":5852.63},{"text":"of","start":5852.63,"end":5852.83},{"text":"all.","start":5852.83,"end":5853.31}]},{"text":"Preserving this environment requires that we tackle emerging security-related challenges before they fully take root.","start":5853.71,"end":5861.23,"topics":[{"key":"counterspace-threats","label":"Counter-Space Weapons and Anti-Satellite Threats","description":"Several speakers highlighted concrete threats such as anti-satellite missiles, destructive direct-ascent ASAT tests, jamming, spoofing, and other counter-space capabilities. 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They framed preventing an arms race in outer space as a core international security objective."}],"words":[{"text":"There","start":5869.39,"end":5869.51},{"text":"is","start":5869.51,"end":5869.63},{"text":"an","start":5869.63,"end":5869.79},{"text":"urgent","start":5869.79,"end":5870.15},{"text":"need","start":5870.15,"end":5870.31},{"text":"to","start":5870.31,"end":5870.39},{"text":"prevent","start":5870.39,"end":5870.79},{"text":"space","start":5870.79,"end":5871.31},{"text":"becoming","start":5871.39,"end":5872.11},{"text":"an","start":5872.39,"end":5872.51},{"text":"arena","start":5872.51,"end":5872.99},{"text":"for","start":5872.99,"end":5873.31},{"text":"armed","start":5873.31,"end":5873.63},{"text":"confrontation.","start":5873.63,"end":5874.51}]},{"text":"Thank you.","start":5874.51,"end":5874.99,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":5874.51,"end":5874.83},{"text":"you.","start":5874.83,"end":5874.99}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"CHE","group":null,"function":null,"affiliation_full":"Switzerland"}},{"statement_number":63,"start":5876.19,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c1/81/15?lang=en&t=1:37:57","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of Switzerland for his statement.","start":5876.19,"end":5880.15,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":5876.19,"end":5876.35},{"text":"thank","start":5876.35,"end":5876.75},{"text":"the","start":5876.75,"end":5876.87},{"text":"distinguished","start":5876.87,"end":5877.39},{"text":"representative","start":5877.39,"end":5878.19},{"text":"of","start":5878.19,"end":5878.43},{"text":"Switzerland","start":5878.43,"end":5879.15},{"text":"for","start":5879.15,"end":5879.39},{"text":"his","start":5879.39,"end":5879.55},{"text":"statement.","start":5879.55,"end":5880.15}]},{"text":"I now call on the distinguished representative of Portugal.","start":5880.67,"end":5884.11,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":5880.67,"end":5880.83},{"text":"now","start":5880.83,"end":5881.15},{"text":"call","start":5881.15,"end":5881.43},{"text":"on","start":5881.43,"end":5881.55},{"text":"the","start":5881.55,"end":5881.71},{"text":"distinguished","start":5881.79,"end":5882.59},{"text":"representative","start":5882.59,"end":5883.31},{"text":"of","start":5883.31,"end":5883.47},{"text":"Portugal.","start":5883.47,"end":5884.11}]},{"text":"Sorry, okay.","start":5901.15,"end":5902.11,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Sorry,","start":5901.15,"end":5901.59},{"text":"okay.","start":5901.87,"end":5902.11}]},{"text":"Sorry for this.","start":5903.07,"end":5903.79,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Sorry","start":5903.07,"end":5903.39},{"text":"for","start":5903.39,"end":5903.55},{"text":"this.","start":5903.55,"end":5903.79}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"1st Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair","affiliation_full":"1st Committee"}},{"statement_number":64,"start":5904.19,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c1/81/15?lang=en&t=1:38:25","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Chair, Portugal aligns with the statement of the European Union and wishes to make some remarks in its national capacity.","start":5904.19,"end":5911.31,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Chair,","start":5904.19,"end":5904.51},{"text":"Portugal","start":5904.51,"end":5904.99},{"text":"aligns","start":5904.99,"end":5905.63},{"text":"with","start":5905.71,"end":5905.99},{"text":"the","start":5905.99,"end":5906.07},{"text":"statement","start":5906.07,"end":5906.55},{"text":"of","start":5906.55,"end":5906.67},{"text":"the","start":5906.67,"end":5906.79},{"text":"European","start":5906.79,"end":5907.19},{"text":"Union","start":5907.19,"end":5907.55},{"text":"and","start":5908.19,"end":5908.35},{"text":"wishes","start":5908.35,"end":5908.63},{"text":"to","start":5908.63,"end":5908.75},{"text":"make","start":5908.75,"end":5908.99},{"text":"some","start":5908.99,"end":5909.23},{"text":"remarks","start":5909.23,"end":5909.87},{"text":"in","start":5909.87,"end":5909.99},{"text":"its","start":5909.99,"end":5910.19},{"text":"national","start":5910.19,"end":5910.59},{"text":"capacity.","start":5910.59,"end":5911.31}]},{"text":"I will focus on three points.","start":5911.95,"end":5913.79,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":5911.95,"end":5912.03},{"text":"will","start":5912.03,"end":5912.19},{"text":"focus","start":5912.19,"end":5912.75},{"text":"on","start":5912.75,"end":5912.99},{"text":"three","start":5912.99,"end":5913.19},{"text":"points.","start":5913.19,"end":5913.79}]},{"text":"First, outer space must remain a domain of peace.","start":5914.27,"end":5918.51,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-paros","label":"Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space must remain a peaceful domain and warned against its weaponization or transformation into a theatre of conflict. They framed preventing an arms race in outer space as a core international security objective."}],"words":[{"text":"First,","start":5914.27,"end":5914.83},{"text":"outer","start":5915.07,"end":5915.39},{"text":"space","start":5915.39,"end":5915.95},{"text":"must","start":5915.95,"end":5916.19},{"text":"remain","start":5916.19,"end":5916.75},{"text":"a","start":5916.83,"end":5916.87},{"text":"domain","start":5916.87,"end":5917.47},{"text":"of","start":5917.83,"end":5917.95},{"text":"peace.","start":5917.95,"end":5918.51}]},{"text":"Our dependence on space grows every day.","start":5918.95,"end":5921.71,"topics":[{"key":"civilian-space-services","label":"Protection of Civilian Space Services","description":"A number of delegations emphasized that societies depend on satellites for communications, navigation, disaster response, banking, climate monitoring and other essential services. They therefore called for stronger protection of civilian and humanitarian space systems from disruption or attack."}],"words":[{"text":"Our","start":5918.95,"end":5919.23},{"text":"dependence","start":5919.23,"end":5919.95},{"text":"on","start":5919.95,"end":5920.11},{"text":"space","start":5920.11,"end":5920.75},{"text":"grows","start":5920.75,"end":5921.11},{"text":"every","start":5921.11,"end":5921.39},{"text":"day.","start":5921.39,"end":5921.71}]},{"text":"Disrupting the operation of satellites disrupts economies and societies.","start":5922.27,"end":5927.15,"topics":[{"key":"civilian-space-services","label":"Protection of Civilian Space Services","description":"A number of delegations emphasized that societies depend on satellites for communications, navigation, disaster response, banking, climate monitoring and other essential services. 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Speakers warned that harmful activities in orbit could make parts of space unusable for future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"Debris","start":5930.79,"end":5931.35},{"text":"created","start":5931.51,"end":5932.19},{"text":"in","start":5932.19,"end":5932.31},{"text":"seconds","start":5932.31,"end":5932.55},{"text":"can","start":5932.55,"end":5932.87},{"text":"endanger","start":5933.03,"end":5933.83},{"text":"space","start":5933.83,"end":5934.55},{"text":"for","start":5934.55,"end":5934.83},{"text":"generations.","start":5934.83,"end":5935.67}]},{"text":"Portugal rejects the weaponization of outer space and remains committed to preventing an arms race in space.","start":5936.31,"end":5942.87,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-paros","label":"Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space must remain a peaceful domain and warned against its weaponization or transformation into a theatre of conflict. 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Views differed on emphasis, but many saw these measures as complementary to future legal commitments."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":6209.15,"end":6209.23},{"text":"advocate","start":6209.23,"end":6209.95},{"text":"practical","start":6209.95,"end":6210.43},{"text":"measures","start":6210.43,"end":6210.75},{"text":"that","start":6210.75,"end":6210.91},{"text":"enhance","start":6210.91,"end":6211.31},{"text":"transparency,","start":6211.31,"end":6212.27},{"text":"build","start":6212.27,"end":6212.51},{"text":"confidence","start":6212.51,"end":6213.03},{"text":"between","start":6213.03,"end":6213.39},{"text":"states,","start":6213.39,"end":6213.79},{"text":"and","start":6213.79,"end":6213.91},{"text":"encourage","start":6213.91,"end":6214.35},{"text":"responsible","start":6214.35,"end":6214.99},{"text":"behaviour","start":6214.99,"end":6215.47},{"text":"in","start":6215.47,"end":6215.63},{"text":"outer","start":6215.63,"end":6215.87},{"text":"space.","start":6215.87,"end":6216.35}]},{"text":"Nearly six decades on, the central lesson of the Outer Space Treaty remains as relevant as ever.","start":6217.47,"end":6222.67,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-law","label":"International Law and the Outer Space Treaty","description":"Delegations repeatedly referred to the 1967 Outer Space Treaty, the UN Charter, and in some cases international humanitarian law, as the foundation of space governance. 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They framed preventing an arms race in outer space as a core international security objective."}],"words":[{"text":"Cooperation","start":6223.15,"end":6223.79},{"text":"is","start":6223.79,"end":6223.95},{"text":"essential","start":6223.95,"end":6224.59},{"text":"to","start":6224.59,"end":6224.75},{"text":"ensuring","start":6224.75,"end":6225.23},{"text":"outer","start":6225.23,"end":6225.47},{"text":"space","start":6225.47,"end":6225.87},{"text":"remains","start":6225.87,"end":6226.23},{"text":"a","start":6226.23,"end":6226.27},{"text":"domain","start":6226.27,"end":6226.67},{"text":"of","start":6226.67,"end":6226.83},{"text":"peaceful","start":6226.83,"end":6227.23},{"text":"use","start":6227.23,"end":6227.63},{"text":"and","start":6227.87,"end":6228.11},{"text":"shared","start":6228.11,"end":6228.51},{"text":"benefit.","start":6228.51,"end":6229.07}]},{"text":"New Zealand will continue to work constructively with all partners to advance this goal.","start":6229.55,"end":6234.11,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"New","start":6229.55,"end":6229.75},{"text":"Zealand","start":6229.75,"end":6230.11},{"text":"will","start":6230.11,"end":6230.23},{"text":"continue","start":6230.23,"end":6230.71},{"text":"to","start":6230.71,"end":6230.83},{"text":"work","start":6230.83,"end":6231.11},{"text":"constructively","start":6231.11,"end":6231.87},{"text":"with","start":6231.87,"end":6232.03},{"text":"all","start":6232.03,"end":6232.27},{"text":"partners","start":6232.27,"end":6232.75},{"text":"to","start":6232.75,"end":6232.95},{"text":"advance","start":6232.95,"end":6233.47},{"text":"this","start":6233.47,"end":6233.71},{"text":"goal.","start":6233.71,"end":6234.11}]},{"text":"The future of outer space will be shaped not only by the capabilities we develop, but by our willingness to work together to manage the challenges they 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Maldives.","start":6250.59,"end":6254.83,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":6250.59,"end":6250.75},{"text":"now","start":6250.75,"end":6251.07},{"text":"give","start":6251.07,"end":6251.31},{"text":"the","start":6251.31,"end":6251.47},{"text":"floor","start":6251.47,"end":6251.83},{"text":"to","start":6251.83,"end":6251.99},{"text":"the","start":6251.99,"end":6252.07},{"text":"distinguished","start":6252.07,"end":6253.07},{"text":"representative","start":6253.07,"end":6253.87},{"text":"of","start":6253.87,"end":6254.03},{"text":"Maldives.","start":6254.03,"end":6254.83}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"1st Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair","affiliation_full":"1st Committee"}},{"statement_number":68,"start":6259.83,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c1/81/15?lang=en&t=1:44:20","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"For the Maldives, outer space, like the ocean, is a shared domain where cooperation is essential, and every state must have a voice in shaping the 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They framed preventing an arms race in outer space as a core international security objective."},{"key":"counterspace-threats","label":"Counter-Space Weapons and Anti-Satellite Threats","description":"Several speakers highlighted concrete threats such as anti-satellite missiles, destructive direct-ascent ASAT tests, jamming, spoofing, and other counter-space capabilities. These were presented as urgent risks to stability, security and strategic predictability in space."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":6443.55,"end":6443.71},{"text":"express","start":6443.71,"end":6444.43},{"text":"serious","start":6444.51,"end":6445.23},{"text":"concern","start":6445.23,"end":6445.87},{"text":"over","start":6445.95,"end":6446.27},{"text":"the","start":6446.27,"end":6446.43},{"text":"threat","start":6446.43,"end":6446.91},{"text":"arising","start":6446.91,"end":6447.47},{"text":"from","start":6447.47,"end":6447.63},{"text":"the","start":6447.63,"end":6447.75},{"text":"possible","start":6447.79,"end":6448.35},{"text":"weaponization","start":6448.35,"end":6449.47},{"text":"of","start":6449.47,"end":6449.71},{"text":"outer","start":6449.71,"end":6449.95},{"text":"space.","start":6449.95,"end":6450.43}]},{"text":"Preventing an arms race in outer space, or PAROS, is imperative for international peace and security.","start":6451.87,"end":6459.55,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-paros","label":"Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space must remain a peaceful domain and warned against its weaponization or transformation into a theatre of conflict. 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Several speakers argued that voluntary measures cannot replace binding obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":6460.11,"end":6460.23},{"text":"must","start":6460.27,"end":6460.51},{"text":"be","start":6460.51,"end":6460.67},{"text":"addressed","start":6460.67,"end":6461.31},{"text":"holistically","start":6461.31,"end":6462.11},{"text":"through","start":6462.19,"end":6462.35},{"text":"legally","start":6462.35,"end":6462.75},{"text":"binding","start":6462.75,"end":6463.15},{"text":"instruments,","start":6463.15,"end":6463.87},{"text":"a","start":6464.27,"end":6464.35},{"text":"priority","start":6464.35,"end":6464.91},{"text":"that","start":6464.91,"end":6465.07},{"text":"cannot","start":6465.07,"end":6465.79},{"text":"be","start":6465.79,"end":6465.99},{"text":"delayed","start":6465.99,"end":6466.51},{"text":"or","start":6466.51,"end":6466.75},{"text":"substituted.","start":6466.75,"end":6467.55}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"We welcome the ongoing work of the Open-Ended Working Group on PAROS.","start":6468.19,"end":6472.35,"topics":[{"key":"responsible-behavior-norms","label":"Norms, Rules and Confidence-Building Measures","description":"Numerous statements supported developing norms, rules, principles of responsible behaviour, and transparency and confidence-building measures to reduce mistrust, miscalculation and escalation. 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Several speakers argued that voluntary measures cannot replace binding obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"Behavior","start":6698.23,"end":6699.03},{"text":"are","start":6699.11,"end":6699.27},{"text":"complementary,","start":6699.27,"end":6700.07},{"text":"but","start":6700.47,"end":6700.71},{"text":"they","start":6700.71,"end":6700.87},{"text":"can","start":6700.87,"end":6701.07},{"text":"neither","start":6701.07,"end":6701.31},{"text":"substitute","start":6701.31,"end":6702.07},{"text":"for","start":6702.07,"end":6702.23},{"text":"legally","start":6702.23,"end":6702.55},{"text":"binding","start":6702.55,"end":6702.95},{"text":"obligations","start":6702.95,"end":6703.83},{"text":"nor","start":6704.15,"end":6704.51},{"text":"be","start":6704.51,"end":6704.63},{"text":"made","start":6704.63,"end":6704.95},{"text":"a","start":6704.95,"end":6705.11},{"text":"precondition","start":6705.11,"end":6705.83},{"text":"for","start":6705.83,"end":6705.99},{"text":"them.","start":6705.99,"end":6706.23}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"In our working paper submitted this year in the open-ended working group on PAROS.","start":6707.19,"end":6711.83,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":6707.19,"end":6707.35},{"text":"our","start":6707.35,"end":6707.47},{"text":"working","start":6707.47,"end":6707.83},{"text":"paper","start":6707.83,"end":6708.23},{"text":"submitted","start":6708.23,"end":6708.71},{"text":"this","start":6708.71,"end":6709.03},{"text":"year","start":6709.03,"end":6709.43},{"text":"in","start":6709.75,"end":6709.91},{"text":"the","start":6709.91,"end":6710.03},{"text":"open-ended","start":6710.03,"end":6710.51},{"text":"working","start":6710.51,"end":6710.91},{"text":"group","start":6710.91,"end":6711.11},{"text":"on","start":6711.11,"end":6711.27},{"text":"PAROS.","start":6711.27,"end":6711.83}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"Pakistan has set out a holistic framework addressing both behaviors and capabilities.","start":6712.27,"end":6717.23,"topics":[{"key":"responsible-behavior-norms","label":"Norms, Rules and Confidence-Building Measures","description":"Numerous statements supported developing norms, rules, principles of responsible behaviour, and transparency and confidence-building measures to reduce mistrust, miscalculation and escalation. 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Views differed on emphasis, but many saw these measures as complementary to future legal commitments."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":6741.95,"end":6742.11},{"text":"must","start":6742.11,"end":6742.43},{"text":"build","start":6742.43,"end":6742.79},{"text":"on","start":6742.79,"end":6742.91},{"text":"these","start":6742.91,"end":6743.11},{"text":"discussions","start":6743.11,"end":6743.71},{"text":"to","start":6743.71,"end":6743.83},{"text":"lay","start":6743.83,"end":6744.03},{"text":"the","start":6744.03,"end":6744.15},{"text":"foundation","start":6744.15,"end":6744.75},{"text":"for","start":6744.75,"end":6744.91},{"text":"both","start":6744.91,"end":6745.23},{"text":"legally","start":6745.23,"end":6745.79},{"text":"and","start":6746.11,"end":6746.39},{"text":"non-legally","start":6746.39,"end":6746.99},{"text":"binding","start":6746.99,"end":6747.31},{"text":"measures.","start":6747.31,"end":6747.95}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"Chair, in conclusion, monopolies over technologies never endure.","start":6748.59,"end":6753.31,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Chair,","start":6748.59,"end":6748.99},{"text":"in","start":6749.47,"end":6749.63},{"text":"conclusion,","start":6749.63,"end":6750.43},{"text":"monopolies","start":6750.67,"end":6751.39},{"text":"over","start":6751.39,"end":6751.55},{"text":"technologies","start":6751.55,"end":6752.35},{"text":"never","start":6752.35,"end":6752.83},{"text":"endure.","start":6752.83,"end":6753.31}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"We must pursue a comprehensive approach that can preserve outer space as a domain free from conflict for future generations.","start":6753.71,"end":6761.47,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-paros","label":"Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space must remain a peaceful domain and warned against its weaponization or transformation into a theatre of conflict. 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thank you.","start":6761.71,"end":6762.27,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":6761.71,"end":6761.87},{"text":"thank","start":6761.87,"end":6762.15},{"text":"you.","start":6762.15,"end":6762.27}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"PAK","group":null,"function":null,"affiliation_full":"Pakistan"}},{"statement_number":73,"start":6765.11,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c1/81/15?lang=en&t=1:52:46","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of Pakistan.","start":6765.11,"end":6767.47,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":6765.11,"end":6765.12},{"text":"thank","start":6765.19,"end":6765.55},{"text":"the","start":6765.55,"end":6765.67},{"text":"distinguished","start":6765.67,"end":6766.23},{"text":"representative","start":6766.23,"end":6766.83},{"text":"of","start":6766.83,"end":6766.91},{"text":"Pakistan.","start":6766.91,"end":6767.47}]},{"text":"Now I give the floor to the distinguished Permanent Representative to the Conference on Disarmament of Brazil.","start":6767.57,"end":6773.45,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Now","start":6767.57,"end":6767.77},{"text":"I","start":6767.77,"end":6767.85},{"text":"give","start":6767.85,"end":6768.09},{"text":"the","start":6768.09,"end":6768.25},{"text":"floor","start":6768.25,"end":6768.49},{"text":"to","start":6768.49,"end":6768.65},{"text":"the","start":6768.65,"end":6768.73},{"text":"distinguished","start":6768.73,"end":6769.45},{"text":"Permanent","start":6769.45,"end":6770.09},{"text":"Representative","start":6770.09,"end":6770.73},{"text":"to","start":6770.73,"end":6770.89},{"text":"the","start":6770.89,"end":6771.01},{"text":"Conference","start":6771.01,"end":6771.61},{"text":"on","start":6771.61,"end":6771.69},{"text":"Disarmament","start":6771.69,"end":6772.53},{"text":"of","start":6772.81,"end":6772.93},{"text":"Brazil.","start":6772.93,"end":6773.45}]},{"text":"We shall now call on the delegations who have requested the right of 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will begin by first giving the floor to the delegations who were unable to exercise their right of reply to a second intervention this morning due to time 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now I give the floor to the representative of Russian Federation for the second intervention under the cluster of nuclear 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are entirely divorced from reality.","start":6854.25,"end":6857.53,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"They","start":6854.25,"end":6854.41},{"text":"are","start":6854.41,"end":6854.49},{"text":"entirely","start":6854.49,"end":6855.37},{"text":"divorced","start":6855.53,"end":6856.33},{"text":"from","start":6856.33,"end":6856.73},{"text":"reality.","start":6856.73,"end":6857.53}]},{"text":"Furthermore, we also wish to repudiate the baseless insinuations against the Russian Federation from Western states regarding the Budapest 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speaking, the inadequacy attempts by Western states to levy to have unsubstantiated, baseless allegations against Russia have in recent years are really have reached staggering 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recent years, we have provided detailed, repeated commentary about this, which shows the flimsiness of these 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serious concerns about the Budapest memorandum as in implementation by Kyiv and its Western patrons.","start":6893.93,"end":6906.29,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":6893.93,"end":6894.05},{"text":"they","start":6894.05,"end":6894.17},{"text":"show","start":6894.17,"end":6894.57},{"text":"that","start":6894.57,"end":6894.73},{"text":"the","start":6894.73,"end":6894.81},{"text":"reality","start":6894.81,"end":6895.53},{"text":"is","start":6895.85,"end":6896.09},{"text":"such","start":6896.09,"end":6896.65},{"text":"that","start":6896.73,"end":6897.09},{"text":"there","start":6897.09,"end":6897.29},{"text":"are","start":6897.29,"end":6897.61},{"text":"serious","start":6897.61,"end":6898.25},{"text":"concerns","start":6898.57,"end":6899.41},{"text":"about","start":6899.41,"end":6899.69},{"text":"the","start":6899.69,"end":6899.77},{"text":"Budapest","start":6899.77,"end":6900.57},{"text":"memorandum","start":6901.09,"end":6902.05},{"text":"as","start":6902.17,"end":6902.45},{"text":"in","start":6902.45,"end":6902.85},{"text":"implementation","start":6902.85,"end":6903.57},{"text":"by","start":6903.57,"end":6903.81},{"text":"Kyiv","start":6903.81,"end":6904.53},{"text":"and","start":6904.53,"end":6904.73},{"text":"its","start":6904.73,"end":6904.93},{"text":"Western","start":6905.25,"end":6905.89},{"text":"patrons.","start":6905.89,"end":6906.29}]},{"text":"For those in the West who were unable to to hear our ironclad argumentation, we would like to call upon you to listen and familiarize yourselves with statements delivered by Russian representatives at international forums, including the first committee, and the texts that are 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relevant web resources are not hard to find.","start":6926.05,"end":6929.81,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":6926.05,"end":6926.21},{"text":"relevant","start":6926.21,"end":6926.85},{"text":"web","start":6927.09,"end":6927.41},{"text":"resources","start":6927.41,"end":6927.81},{"text":"are","start":6927.81,"end":6927.97},{"text":"not","start":6927.97,"end":6928.45},{"text":"hard","start":6928.53,"end":6929.09},{"text":"to","start":6929.09,"end":6929.25},{"text":"find.","start":6929.25,"end":6929.81}]},{"text":"Wasting time time on allegations about this absolute subject is something which we no longer view as 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want to strongly reject the attempts to portray NATO's defensive activities, including exercises taking place in Italy, as 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times.","start":7003.41,"end":7005.65,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"They","start":7003.41,"end":7003.57},{"text":"took","start":7003.57,"end":7003.73},{"text":"place","start":7003.73,"end":7004.01},{"text":"in","start":7004.01,"end":7004.17},{"text":"Italy","start":7004.17,"end":7004.41},{"text":"already","start":7004.41,"end":7004.85},{"text":"several","start":7004.85,"end":7005.21},{"text":"times.","start":7005.21,"end":7005.65}]},{"text":"They don't involve weapons at all.","start":7006.45,"end":7009.73,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"They","start":7006.45,"end":7006.61},{"text":"don't","start":7006.61,"end":7007.05},{"text":"involve","start":7007.05,"end":7007.65},{"text":"weapons","start":7008.69,"end":7009.25},{"text":"at","start":7009.37,"end":7009.49},{"text":"all.","start":7009.49,"end":7009.73}]},{"text":"And the areas concerned are even publicly available on the site of ENAC if you really want to go fly these days in 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it's routine.","start":7026.49,"end":7027.29,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":7026.49,"end":7026.61},{"text":"it's","start":7026.61,"end":7026.85},{"text":"routine.","start":7026.85,"end":7027.29}]},{"text":"They are transparent and fully consistent with international obligation.","start":7027.61,"end":7031.45,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"They","start":7027.61,"end":7027.81},{"text":"are","start":7027.81,"end":7027.89},{"text":"transparent","start":7027.89,"end":7028.57},{"text":"and","start":7028.57,"end":7028.81},{"text":"fully","start":7028.81,"end":7029.01},{"text":"consistent","start":7029.01,"end":7029.77},{"text":"with","start":7030.25,"end":7030.41},{"text":"international","start":7030.41,"end":7030.93},{"text":"obligation.","start":7030.93,"end":7031.45}]},{"text":"It's a bit misleading for this room and for the esteemed delegations to invoke the risk of nuclear escalation referring to such 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while continuing a war of aggression against Ukraine.","start":7045.21,"end":7048.25,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"and","start":7045.21,"end":7045.29},{"text":"while","start":7045.29,"end":7045.45},{"text":"continuing","start":7045.45,"end":7046.33},{"text":"a","start":7046.33,"end":7046.37},{"text":"war","start":7046.37,"end":7046.69},{"text":"of","start":7046.69,"end":7046.77},{"text":"aggression","start":7046.77,"end":7047.33},{"text":"against","start":7047.33,"end":7047.69},{"text":"Ukraine.","start":7047.69,"end":7048.25}]},{"text":"So we reserve to a very clear distinction in this field.","start":7049.53,"end":7053.53,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":7049.53,"end":7049.93},{"text":"we","start":7050.57,"end":7050.77},{"text":"reserve","start":7050.77,"end":7051.05},{"text":"to","start":7051.05,"end":7051.33},{"text":"a","start":7051.33,"end":7051.37},{"text":"very","start":7051.37,"end":7051.53},{"text":"clear","start":7051.53,"end":7051.81},{"text":"distinction","start":7051.81,"end":7052.33},{"text":"in","start":7052.33,"end":7052.45},{"text":"this","start":7052.45,"end":7052.81},{"text":"field.","start":7053.13,"end":7053.53}]},{"text":"Deterrence is not intimidation, and defensive preparedness is not 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call on the representative of Netherlands.","start":7065.37,"end":7073.61,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":7065.37,"end":7065.69},{"text":"now,","start":7065.85,"end":7066.57},{"text":"under","start":7066.57,"end":7066.93},{"text":"the","start":7066.93,"end":7067.05},{"text":"cluster","start":7067.05,"end":7067.57},{"text":"of","start":7067.57,"end":7068.01},{"text":"other","start":7068.01,"end":7068.33},{"text":"weapons","start":7068.33,"end":7068.73},{"text":"of","start":7068.73,"end":7068.89},{"text":"mass","start":7068.89,"end":7069.21},{"text":"destructions,","start":7069.21,"end":7070.49},{"text":"I","start":7070.57,"end":7070.73},{"text":"call","start":7070.73,"end":7071.01},{"text":"on","start":7071.01,"end":7071.13},{"text":"the","start":7071.13,"end":7071.21},{"text":"representative","start":7071.21,"end":7072.17},{"text":"of","start":7072.65,"end":7072.97},{"text":"Netherlands.","start":7072.97,"end":7073.61}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"1st Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair","affiliation_full":"1st Committee"}},{"statement_number":78,"start":7076.81,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c1/81/15?lang=en&t=1:57:57","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Mr. Chair.","start":7076.81,"end":7078.25,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":7076.81,"end":7077.17},{"text":"you,","start":7077.17,"end":7077.37},{"text":"Mr.","start":7077.53,"end":7077.85},{"text":"Chair.","start":7077.85,"end":7078.25}]},{"text":"I will be speaking on behalf of the Federal Republic of Germany and my own country, the Kingdom of the Netherlands, in response to Russian remarks with regard to politicizing the OPCW.","start":7079.37,"end":7091.53,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":7079.37,"end":7079.53},{"text":"will","start":7079.53,"end":7079.65},{"text":"be","start":7079.65,"end":7079.77},{"text":"speaking","start":7079.77,"end":7080.21},{"text":"on","start":7080.21,"end":7080.33},{"text":"behalf","start":7080.33,"end":7080.53},{"text":"of","start":7080.53,"end":7080.65},{"text":"the","start":7080.65,"end":7080.77},{"text":"Federal","start":7080.77,"end":7081.13},{"text":"Republic","start":7081.13,"end":7081.69},{"text":"of","start":7081.69,"end":7081.85},{"text":"Germany","start":7081.85,"end":7082.29},{"text":"and","start":7082.29,"end":7082.41},{"text":"my","start":7082.41,"end":7082.57},{"text":"own","start":7082.57,"end":7082.73},{"text":"country,","start":7082.73,"end":7083.09},{"text":"the","start":7083.09,"end":7083.17},{"text":"Kingdom","start":7083.17,"end":7083.53},{"text":"of","start":7083.53,"end":7083.69},{"text":"the","start":7083.69,"end":7083.77},{"text":"Netherlands,","start":7083.77,"end":7084.49},{"text":"in","start":7084.81,"end":7085.13},{"text":"response","start":7085.13,"end":7085.85},{"text":"to","start":7085.85,"end":7086.17},{"text":"Russian","start":7086.89,"end":7087.37},{"text":"remarks","start":7087.37,"end":7088.09},{"text":"with","start":7088.13,"end":7088.25},{"text":"regard","start":7088.33,"end":7088.69},{"text":"to","start":7088.69,"end":7088.81},{"text":"politicizing","start":7088.81,"end":7090.09},{"text":"the","start":7090.09,"end":7090.21},{"text":"OPCW.","start":7090.25,"end":7091.53}]},{"text":"And I would like to share some inconvenient facts with regard to documented violations of the CWC and the BWC.","start":7091.77,"end":7101.29,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":7091.77,"end":7091.89},{"text":"I","start":7091.89,"end":7091.93},{"text":"would","start":7091.93,"end":7092.09},{"text":"like","start":7092.09,"end":7092.37},{"text":"to","start":7092.37,"end":7092.45},{"text":"share","start":7092.49,"end":7093.13},{"text":"some","start":7093.21,"end":7093.53},{"text":"inconvenient","start":7093.53,"end":7094.33},{"text":"facts","start":7094.33,"end":7094.89},{"text":"with","start":7095.05,"end":7095.33},{"text":"regard","start":7095.37,"end":7095.81},{"text":"to","start":7095.81,"end":7095.97},{"text":"documented","start":7095.97,"end":7096.81},{"text":"violations","start":7097.13,"end":7097.89},{"text":"of","start":7097.89,"end":7098.01},{"text":"the","start":7098.01,"end":7098.09},{"text":"CWC","start":7098.09,"end":7099.85},{"text":"and","start":7099.85,"end":7100.17},{"text":"the","start":7100.17,"end":7100.25},{"text":"BWC.","start":7100.25,"end":7101.29}]},{"text":"First, with regard to the widespread use of riot control agents in Ukraine.","start":7102.93,"end":7107.69,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"First,","start":7102.93,"end":7103.21},{"text":"with","start":7103.21,"end":7103.33},{"text":"regard","start":7103.37,"end":7103.77},{"text":"to","start":7103.77,"end":7104.17},{"text":"the","start":7104.17,"end":7104.25},{"text":"widespread","start":7104.25,"end":7105.05},{"text":"use","start":7105.05,"end":7105.61},{"text":"of","start":7105.65,"end":7105.77},{"text":"riot","start":7105.77,"end":7106.09},{"text":"control","start":7106.09,"end":7106.57},{"text":"agents","start":7106.57,"end":7107.05},{"text":"in","start":7107.05,"end":7107.13},{"text":"Ukraine.","start":7107.13,"end":7107.69}]},{"text":"The Ukrainian authorities have documented more than 14,000 cases of the use of riot control agents since 2022.","start":7108.89,"end":7116.81,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":7108.89,"end":7108.97},{"text":"Ukrainian","start":7109.05,"end":7109.69},{"text":"authorities","start":7109.69,"end":7110.25},{"text":"have","start":7110.25,"end":7110.41},{"text":"documented","start":7110.41,"end":7111.05},{"text":"more","start":7111.05,"end":7111.29},{"text":"than","start":7111.29,"end":7111.53},{"text":"14,000","start":7111.53,"end":7112.61},{"text":"cases","start":7112.61,"end":7113.29},{"text":"of","start":7113.61,"end":7113.69},{"text":"the","start":7113.69,"end":7113.77},{"text":"use","start":7113.77,"end":7114.05},{"text":"of","start":7114.05,"end":7114.25},{"text":"riot","start":7114.25,"end":7114.57},{"text":"control","start":7114.57,"end":7114.97},{"text":"agents","start":7114.97,"end":7115.45},{"text":"since","start":7115.45,"end":7115.69},{"text":"2022.","start":7115.69,"end":7116.81}]},{"text":"They also have collected samples from the battlefield.","start":7117.29,"end":7119.93,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"They","start":7117.29,"end":7117.49},{"text":"also","start":7117.49,"end":7117.77},{"text":"have","start":7117.77,"end":7118.01},{"text":"collected","start":7118.01,"end":7118.49},{"text":"samples","start":7118.49,"end":7118.97},{"text":"from","start":7118.97,"end":7119.13},{"text":"the","start":7119.13,"end":7119.21},{"text":"battlefield.","start":7119.21,"end":7119.93}]},{"text":"Analyses by OPCW-designated laboratories have confirmed the presence of the riot control agent CS.","start":7120.73,"end":7128.01,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Analyses","start":7120.73,"end":7121.45},{"text":"by","start":7121.45,"end":7121.77},{"text":"OPCW-designated","start":7121.77,"end":7123.69},{"text":"laboratories","start":7123.69,"end":7124.65},{"text":"have","start":7124.89,"end":7125.05},{"text":"confirmed","start":7125.05,"end":7125.65},{"text":"the","start":7125.65,"end":7125.73},{"text":"presence","start":7125.77,"end":7126.17},{"text":"of","start":7126.17,"end":7126.25},{"text":"the","start":7126.25,"end":7126.37},{"text":"riot","start":7126.37,"end":7126.73},{"text":"control","start":7126.73,"end":7127.13},{"text":"agent","start":7127.13,"end":7127.49},{"text":"CS.","start":7127.49,"end":7128.01}]},{"text":"Upon Ukraine's request, the OPCW has published three reports from technical assistance visits to Ukraine to confirm the use of the prohibited riot control agent CS along the front lines.","start":7128.65,"end":7141.21,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Upon","start":7128.65,"end":7128.89},{"text":"Ukraine's","start":7128.89,"end":7129.53},{"text":"request,","start":7129.69,"end":7130.33},{"text":"the","start":7130.33,"end":7130.41},{"text":"OPCW","start":7130.41,"end":7131.29},{"text":"has","start":7131.29,"end":7131.45},{"text":"published","start":7131.45,"end":7131.97},{"text":"three","start":7131.97,"end":7132.29},{"text":"reports","start":7132.29,"end":7132.81},{"text":"from","start":7133.05,"end":7133.33},{"text":"technical","start":7133.33,"end":7133.81},{"text":"assistance","start":7133.81,"end":7134.33},{"text":"visits","start":7134.33,"end":7135.05},{"text":"to","start":7135.05,"end":7135.17},{"text":"Ukraine","start":7135.17,"end":7135.69},{"text":"to","start":7135.69,"end":7135.81},{"text":"confirm","start":7135.85,"end":7136.41},{"text":"the","start":7136.41,"end":7136.53},{"text":"use","start":7136.53,"end":7136.89},{"text":"of","start":7136.97,"end":7137.05},{"text":"the","start":7137.21,"end":7137.33},{"text":"prohibited","start":7137.33,"end":7138.01},{"text":"riot","start":7138.01,"end":7138.37},{"text":"control","start":7138.37,"end":7138.73},{"text":"agent","start":7138.73,"end":7139.13},{"text":"CS","start":7139.13,"end":7139.61},{"text":"along","start":7139.93,"end":7140.25},{"text":"the","start":7140.25,"end":7140.33},{"text":"front","start":7140.33,"end":7140.65},{"text":"lines.","start":7140.65,"end":7141.21}]},{"text":"Taken together, the documented cases of RCA use, the findings of the TAV reports, and the analysis carried out by the OPCW-designated laboratories all point to a pattern of systematic use of riot control agents as a method of warfare, which is prohibited under Article 1 of the CWC, as was also stated this morning by the distinguished representative of the OPCW.","start":7142.73,"end":7169.85,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Taken","start":7142.73,"end":7143.05},{"text":"together,","start":7143.05,"end":7143.69},{"text":"the","start":7143.77,"end":7143.89},{"text":"documented","start":7143.89,"end":7144.49},{"text":"cases","start":7144.49,"end":7144.97},{"text":"of","start":7144.97,"end":7145.13},{"text":"RCA","start":7145.13,"end":7145.77},{"text":"use,","start":7145.77,"end":7146.25},{"text":"the","start":7146.49,"end":7146.61},{"text":"findings","start":7146.65,"end":7147.17},{"text":"of","start":7147.17,"end":7147.29},{"text":"the","start":7147.29,"end":7147.37},{"text":"TAV","start":7147.37,"end":7147.85},{"text":"reports,","start":7147.85,"end":7148.73},{"text":"and","start":7149.05,"end":7149.25},{"text":"the","start":7149.25,"end":7149.33},{"text":"analysis","start":7149.33,"end":7150.09},{"text":"carried","start":7150.09,"end":7150.41},{"text":"out","start":7150.41,"end":7150.53},{"text":"by","start":7150.53,"end":7150.65},{"text":"the","start":7150.65,"end":7150.77},{"text":"OPCW-designated","start":7150.77,"end":7152.25},{"text":"laboratories","start":7152.25,"end":7153.21},{"text":"all","start":7153.65,"end":7153.85},{"text":"point","start":7153.85,"end":7154.37},{"text":"to","start":7154.37,"end":7154.49},{"text":"a","start":7154.49,"end":7154.57},{"text":"pattern","start":7154.57,"end":7155.13},{"text":"of","start":7155.41,"end":7155.49},{"text":"systematic","start":7155.49,"end":7156.25},{"text":"use","start":7156.25,"end":7156.53},{"text":"of","start":7156.53,"end":7156.73},{"text":"riot","start":7156.73,"end":7157.13},{"text":"control","start":7157.13,"end":7157.61},{"text":"agents","start":7157.61,"end":7158.09},{"text":"as","start":7158.57,"end":7158.61},{"text":"a","start":7158.61,"end":7158.65},{"text":"method","start":7158.65,"end":7159.09},{"text":"of","start":7159.09,"end":7159.21},{"text":"warfare,","start":7159.21,"end":7159.93},{"text":"which","start":7160.05,"end":7160.41},{"text":"is","start":7160.41,"end":7160.57},{"text":"prohibited","start":7160.57,"end":7161.29},{"text":"under","start":7161.29,"end":7161.57},{"text":"Article","start":7161.57,"end":7162.01},{"text":"1","start":7162.01,"end":7162.33},{"text":"of","start":7162.53,"end":7162.61},{"text":"the","start":7162.65,"end":7162.77},{"text":"CWC,","start":7162.77,"end":7163.77},{"text":"as","start":7164.81,"end":7165.05},{"text":"was","start":7165.05,"end":7165.21},{"text":"also","start":7165.21,"end":7165.45},{"text":"stated","start":7165.45,"end":7165.97},{"text":"this","start":7165.97,"end":7166.17},{"text":"morning","start":7166.17,"end":7166.65},{"text":"by","start":7166.81,"end":7166.89},{"text":"the","start":7166.89,"end":7166.97},{"text":"distinguished","start":7166.97,"end":7167.69},{"text":"representative","start":7167.69,"end":7168.49},{"text":"of","start":7168.65,"end":7168.81},{"text":"the","start":7168.85,"end":7168.93},{"text":"OPCW.","start":7168.97,"end":7169.85}]},{"text":"Second, on the use of chloropicrin in Ukraine.","start":7170.89,"end":7174.65,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Second,","start":7170.89,"end":7171.53},{"text":"on","start":7172.13,"end":7172.25},{"text":"the","start":7172.25,"end":7172.37},{"text":"use","start":7172.37,"end":7172.65},{"text":"of","start":7172.65,"end":7172.81},{"text":"chloropicrin","start":7172.81,"end":7173.77},{"text":"in","start":7174.01,"end":7174.21},{"text":"Ukraine.","start":7174.21,"end":7174.65}]},{"text":"On 4 July 2025, Dutch Intelligence and Security Service and the German Federal Intelligence Service made a joint public announcement.","start":7175.97,"end":7185.85,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"On","start":7175.97,"end":7176.17},{"text":"4","start":7176.33,"end":7176.73},{"text":"July","start":7176.77,"end":7177.21},{"text":"2025,","start":7177.21,"end":7178.41},{"text":"Dutch","start":7178.73,"end":7179.13},{"text":"Intelligence","start":7179.13,"end":7179.77},{"text":"and","start":7179.77,"end":7179.89},{"text":"Security","start":7179.89,"end":7180.33},{"text":"Service","start":7180.33,"end":7180.89},{"text":"and","start":7181.21,"end":7181.53},{"text":"the","start":7181.53,"end":7181.65},{"text":"German","start":7181.93,"end":7182.33},{"text":"Federal","start":7182.33,"end":7182.73},{"text":"Intelligence","start":7182.73,"end":7183.41},{"text":"Service","start":7183.41,"end":7183.85},{"text":"made","start":7184.09,"end":7184.37},{"text":"a","start":7184.37,"end":7184.41},{"text":"joint","start":7184.41,"end":7184.81},{"text":"public","start":7184.81,"end":7185.17},{"text":"announcement.","start":7185.17,"end":7185.85}]},{"text":"Based on independent intelligence investigations, the services identified an intensification of Russia's use of chemical weapons in Ukraine, more specifically the deployment of the more potent chloride picrine.","start":7186.65,"end":7200.17,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Based","start":7186.65,"end":7186.97},{"text":"on","start":7186.97,"end":7187.13},{"text":"independent","start":7187.21,"end":7187.81},{"text":"intelligence","start":7187.81,"end":7188.41},{"text":"investigations,","start":7188.41,"end":7189.45},{"text":"the","start":7189.69,"end":7189.77},{"text":"services","start":7189.77,"end":7190.41},{"text":"identified","start":7190.49,"end":7191.37},{"text":"an","start":7191.49,"end":7191.57},{"text":"intensification","start":7191.57,"end":7192.73},{"text":"of","start":7192.73,"end":7192.89},{"text":"Russia's","start":7192.89,"end":7193.25},{"text":"use","start":7193.25,"end":7193.57},{"text":"of","start":7193.57,"end":7193.69},{"text":"chemical","start":7193.69,"end":7194.09},{"text":"weapons","start":7194.09,"end":7194.49},{"text":"in","start":7194.49,"end":7194.57},{"text":"Ukraine,","start":7194.57,"end":7195.13},{"text":"more","start":7195.61,"end":7195.93},{"text":"specifically","start":7195.93,"end":7196.81},{"text":"the","start":7196.97,"end":7197.05},{"text":"deployment","start":7197.05,"end":7197.73},{"text":"of","start":7197.73,"end":7197.85},{"text":"the","start":7197.85,"end":7197.93},{"text":"more","start":7197.93,"end":7198.25},{"text":"potent","start":7198.25,"end":7198.81},{"text":"chloride","start":7199.05,"end":7199.53},{"text":"picrine.","start":7199.53,"end":7200.17}]},{"text":"Due to its lethal effects, this constitutes an even more flagrant violation of the Chemical Weapons Convention.","start":7200.89,"end":7207.61,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Due","start":7200.89,"end":7201.13},{"text":"to","start":7201.13,"end":7201.29},{"text":"its","start":7201.29,"end":7201.45},{"text":"lethal","start":7201.45,"end":7202.01},{"text":"effects,","start":7202.01,"end":7202.57},{"text":"this","start":7202.57,"end":7202.89},{"text":"constitutes","start":7202.89,"end":7203.65},{"text":"an","start":7203.65,"end":7203.77},{"text":"even","start":7203.77,"end":7203.97},{"text":"more","start":7203.97,"end":7204.33},{"text":"flagrant","start":7204.33,"end":7204.85},{"text":"violation","start":7204.85,"end":7205.53},{"text":"of","start":7205.89,"end":7206.01},{"text":"the","start":7206.01,"end":7206.09},{"text":"Chemical","start":7206.09,"end":7206.49},{"text":"Weapons","start":7206.49,"end":7206.85},{"text":"Convention.","start":7206.85,"end":7207.61}]},{"text":"The CWC prohibits the deployment of this choking chemical weapon under all circumstances, And we recall that chloropicrine is listed as Schedule 3 under the CWC.","start":7208.33,"end":7223.37,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":7208.33,"end":7208.49},{"text":"CWC","start":7208.49,"end":7209.37},{"text":"prohibits","start":7209.65,"end":7210.81},{"text":"the","start":7210.81,"end":7210.89},{"text":"deployment","start":7210.89,"end":7211.45},{"text":"of","start":7211.45,"end":7211.57},{"text":"this","start":7211.57,"end":7211.77},{"text":"choking","start":7211.77,"end":7212.25},{"text":"chemical","start":7212.25,"end":7212.73},{"text":"weapon","start":7212.73,"end":7213.13},{"text":"under","start":7213.37,"end":7213.69},{"text":"all","start":7213.69,"end":7214.01},{"text":"circumstances,","start":7214.01,"end":7215.05},{"text":"And","start":7215.49,"end":7215.57},{"text":"we","start":7215.57,"end":7215.81},{"text":"recall","start":7215.81,"end":7216.33},{"text":"that","start":7216.33,"end":7216.65},{"text":"chloropicrine","start":7216.65,"end":7218.49},{"text":"is","start":7218.49,"end":7218.89},{"text":"listed","start":7218.97,"end":7219.45},{"text":"as","start":7219.69,"end":7219.77},{"text":"Schedule","start":7219.77,"end":7220.49},{"text":"3","start":7220.81,"end":7221.77},{"text":"under","start":7221.85,"end":7222.09},{"text":"the","start":7222.09,"end":7222.25},{"text":"CWC.","start":7222.25,"end":7223.37}]},{"text":"Now, with regard to the use of epiebetadine in the case of poisoning Mr. Alexei Navalny.","start":7224.41,"end":7232.81,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Now,","start":7224.41,"end":7224.65},{"text":"with","start":7224.65,"end":7224.81},{"text":"regard","start":7224.81,"end":7225.25},{"text":"to","start":7225.25,"end":7225.49},{"text":"the","start":7225.53,"end":7225.61},{"text":"use","start":7225.61,"end":7226.17},{"text":"of","start":7226.45,"end":7226.65},{"text":"epiebetadine","start":7226.81,"end":7227.93},{"text":"in","start":7229.53,"end":7229.77},{"text":"the","start":7229.77,"end":7229.85},{"text":"case","start":7229.85,"end":7230.17},{"text":"of","start":7230.21,"end":7230.33},{"text":"poisoning","start":7230.33,"end":7230.89},{"text":"Mr.","start":7230.89,"end":7231.37},{"text":"Alexei","start":7231.41,"end":7232.09},{"text":"Navalny.","start":7232.09,"end":7232.81}]},{"text":"Mr. Navalny died on February 16, 2024, while held in a Russian prison.","start":7233.13,"end":7239.69,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":7233.13,"end":7233.45},{"text":"Navalny","start":7233.45,"end":7234.01},{"text":"died","start":7234.01,"end":7234.41},{"text":"on","start":7234.77,"end":7234.89},{"text":"February","start":7234.89,"end":7235.45},{"text":"16,","start":7235.53,"end":7236.33},{"text":"2024,","start":7236.33,"end":7237.69},{"text":"while","start":7237.89,"end":7238.33},{"text":"held","start":7238.33,"end":7238.65},{"text":"in","start":7238.65,"end":7238.77},{"text":"a","start":7238.77,"end":7238.81},{"text":"Russian","start":7238.81,"end":7239.17},{"text":"prison.","start":7239.17,"end":7239.69}]},{"text":"On February 14, 2026, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Sweden, and the UK issued a joint statement.","start":7240.61,"end":7249.05,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"On","start":7240.61,"end":7240.81},{"text":"February","start":7240.81,"end":7241.45},{"text":"14,","start":7241.45,"end":7242.09},{"text":"2026,","start":7242.09,"end":7243.29},{"text":"France,","start":7243.45,"end":7244.17},{"text":"Germany,","start":7244.17,"end":7244.81},{"text":"the","start":7244.81,"end":7244.97},{"text":"Netherlands,","start":7244.97,"end":7245.61},{"text":"Sweden,","start":7245.61,"end":7246.25},{"text":"and","start":7246.41,"end":7246.61},{"text":"the","start":7246.61,"end":7246.69},{"text":"UK","start":7246.69,"end":7247.29},{"text":"issued","start":7247.53,"end":7247.89},{"text":"a","start":7248.01,"end":7248.05},{"text":"joint","start":7248.05,"end":7248.37},{"text":"statement.","start":7248.37,"end":7249.05}]},{"text":"Based on analysis of samples from Navalny, the governments of the five countries are confident that Alexei Navalny was poisoned with a lethal 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analyses have conclusively confirmed the presence of epibatidine, And epibetadine is a toxin found in poison dart frogs in South 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Director General of the OPCW confirmed that the use of epibetadine falls under the scope of the 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Thank you, Mr. Chair, for clarifications.","start":7460.87,"end":7463.67,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":7460.87,"end":7461.19},{"text":"you.","start":7461.19,"end":7461.27},{"text":"Thank","start":7461.27,"end":7461.55},{"text":"you,","start":7461.55,"end":7461.63},{"text":"Mr.","start":7461.63,"end":7461.91},{"text":"Chair,","start":7461.91,"end":7462.23},{"text":"for","start":7462.39,"end":7462.63},{"text":"clarifications.","start":7462.63,"end":7463.67}]},{"text":"Thank you.","start":7464.21,"end":7464.45,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":7464.21,"end":7464.33},{"text":"you.","start":7464.33,"end":7464.45}]},{"text":"We would like to exercise the right of reply to the statement made by the Russian Federation earlier in our 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we just want to reject Russia's claims that the Zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant is a Russian nuclear 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integral part of Ukraine under Ukraine's sovereignty and jurisdiction.","start":7481.17,"end":7488.69,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":7481.17,"end":7481.25},{"text":"ZNPP","start":7481.41,"end":7482.49},{"text":"is","start":7482.49,"end":7482.61},{"text":"and","start":7482.61,"end":7482.73},{"text":"will","start":7482.73,"end":7482.85},{"text":"remain","start":7482.85,"end":7483.21},{"text":"an","start":7483.21,"end":7483.29},{"text":"integral","start":7483.29,"end":7483.89},{"text":"part","start":7483.89,"end":7484.85},{"text":"of","start":7485.85,"end":7485.93},{"text":"Ukraine","start":7485.93,"end":7486.53},{"text":"under","start":7486.61,"end":7486.89},{"text":"Ukraine's","start":7486.89,"end":7487.29},{"text":"sovereignty","start":7487.29,"end":7487.69},{"text":"and","start":7487.69,"end":7487.81},{"text":"jurisdiction.","start":7487.81,"end":7488.69}]},{"text":"And also, Russia's sham referendums and the so-called treaty signed in September 2022, Ukraine considers as null and void.","start":7489.93,"end":7498.97,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":7489.93,"end":7490.17},{"text":"also,","start":7490.89,"end":7491.53},{"text":"Russia's","start":7491.53,"end":7492.01},{"text":"sham","start":7492.01,"end":7492.25},{"text":"referendums","start":7492.25,"end":7493.09},{"text":"and","start":7493.09,"end":7493.21},{"text":"the","start":7493.21,"end":7493.29},{"text":"so-called","start":7493.29,"end":7493.81},{"text":"treaty","start":7493.81,"end":7494.17},{"text":"signed","start":7494.17,"end":7494.57},{"text":"in","start":7494.57,"end":7494.73},{"text":"September","start":7494.73,"end":7495.53},{"text":"2022,","start":7495.53,"end":7496.65},{"text":"Ukraine","start":7497.05,"end":7497.41},{"text":"considers","start":7497.41,"end":7497.93},{"text":"as","start":7497.93,"end":7498.09},{"text":"null","start":7498.09,"end":7498.41},{"text":"and","start":7498.41,"end":7498.61},{"text":"void.","start":7498.61,"end":7498.97}]},{"text":"They have no legal effect whatsoever on the status of the Zaporizhzhia region of Ukraine.","start":7498.97,"end":7504.17,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"They","start":7498.97,"end":7499.17},{"text":"have","start":7499.17,"end":7499.45},{"text":"no","start":7499.45,"end":7499.69},{"text":"legal","start":7499.69,"end":7500.09},{"text":"effect","start":7500.09,"end":7500.49},{"text":"whatsoever","start":7500.49,"end":7501.25},{"text":"on","start":7501.25,"end":7501.37},{"text":"the","start":7501.37,"end":7501.45},{"text":"status","start":7501.45,"end":7501.97},{"text":"of","start":7501.97,"end":7502.05},{"text":"the","start":7502.05,"end":7502.17},{"text":"Zaporizhzhia","start":7502.17,"end":7502.73},{"text":"region","start":7502.73,"end":7503.21},{"text":"of","start":7503.57,"end":7503.69},{"text":"Ukraine.","start":7503.69,"end":7504.17}]},{"text":"Also, as we mentioned before, the General Assembly has made this unequivocally clear in its resolutions.","start":7506.01,"end":7512.33,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Also,","start":7506.01,"end":7506.49},{"text":"as","start":7506.57,"end":7506.77},{"text":"we","start":7506.77,"end":7506.85},{"text":"mentioned","start":7506.85,"end":7507.29},{"text":"before,","start":7507.45,"end":7507.97},{"text":"the","start":7507.97,"end":7508.09},{"text":"General","start":7508.09,"end":7508.41},{"text":"Assembly","start":7508.41,"end":7508.85},{"text":"has","start":7508.85,"end":7509.05},{"text":"made","start":7509.05,"end":7509.45},{"text":"this","start":7509.61,"end":7509.85},{"text":"unequivocally","start":7509.85,"end":7510.53},{"text":"clear","start":7510.53,"end":7511.05},{"text":"in","start":7511.05,"end":7511.17},{"text":"its","start":7511.17,"end":7511.37},{"text":"resolutions.","start":7511.37,"end":7512.33}]},{"text":"that which reaffirmed Ukraine's sovereignty and territorial integrity and rejecting Russia's attempted illegal annexation of Ukrainian territories.","start":7513.45,"end":7520.89,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"that","start":7513.45,"end":7513.61},{"text":"which","start":7514.05,"end":7514.41},{"text":"reaffirmed","start":7514.41,"end":7514.93},{"text":"Ukraine's","start":7514.93,"end":7515.33},{"text":"sovereignty","start":7515.33,"end":7515.69},{"text":"and","start":7515.69,"end":7515.81},{"text":"territorial","start":7515.81,"end":7516.21},{"text":"integrity","start":7516.21,"end":7516.89},{"text":"and","start":7517.01,"end":7517.21},{"text":"rejecting","start":7517.21,"end":7517.69},{"text":"Russia's","start":7517.69,"end":7518.05},{"text":"attempted","start":7518.05,"end":7518.65},{"text":"illegal","start":7518.65,"end":7519.01},{"text":"annexation","start":7519.01,"end":7519.57},{"text":"of","start":7519.57,"end":7519.65},{"text":"Ukrainian","start":7519.65,"end":7520.17},{"text":"territories.","start":7520.17,"end":7520.89}]},{"text":"Regarding military activities near the Zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant, Russia tells the IAEA that the military personnel present at the ZNPP are there to protect the facility.","start":7522.17,"end":7534.09,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Regarding","start":7522.17,"end":7522.61},{"text":"military","start":7522.61,"end":7523.09},{"text":"activities","start":7523.09,"end":7524.01},{"text":"near","start":7524.89,"end":7525.09},{"text":"the","start":7525.09,"end":7525.29},{"text":"Zaporizhzhia","start":7525.29,"end":7525.77},{"text":"nuclear","start":7525.77,"end":7526.09},{"text":"power","start":7526.09,"end":7526.41},{"text":"plant,","start":7526.41,"end":7526.73},{"text":"Russia","start":7526.73,"end":7527.05},{"text":"tells","start":7527.05,"end":7527.37},{"text":"the","start":7527.37,"end":7527.61},{"text":"IAEA","start":7528.17,"end":7528.89},{"text":"that","start":7528.89,"end":7529.05},{"text":"the","start":7529.05,"end":7529.13},{"text":"military","start":7529.13,"end":7529.61},{"text":"personnel","start":7529.61,"end":7530.13},{"text":"present","start":7530.13,"end":7530.49},{"text":"at","start":7530.49,"end":7530.65},{"text":"the","start":7530.65,"end":7530.77},{"text":"ZNPP","start":7530.77,"end":7531.69},{"text":"are","start":7532.25,"end":7532.41},{"text":"there","start":7532.41,"end":7532.65},{"text":"to","start":7532.65,"end":7532.77},{"text":"protect","start":7532.77,"end":7533.13},{"text":"the","start":7533.13,"end":7533.21},{"text":"facility.","start":7533.21,"end":7534.09}]},{"text":"At the same time, Ukrainian defense and intelligence authorities continue to document Russian military activity at and around the ZNPP and occupied Enerhodar, including the deployment of military equipment and infrastructure, and the launch and support of Russian UAV operations against Ukrainian-controlled communities on the opposite bank of the Dnipro 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contradiction is increasingly difficult to conceal.","start":7570.41,"end":7573.05,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":7570.41,"end":7570.65},{"text":"contradiction","start":7570.65,"end":7571.37},{"text":"is","start":7571.37,"end":7571.53},{"text":"increasingly","start":7571.53,"end":7572.17},{"text":"difficult","start":7572.17,"end":7572.65},{"text":"to","start":7572.65,"end":7572.73},{"text":"conceal.","start":7572.73,"end":7573.05}]},{"text":"Russia describes its military personnel as being present solely to protect a civilian nuclear facility, while Ukrainian 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which the facility, that facility is located.","start":7580.21,"end":7585.73,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"document","start":7580.21,"end":7580.57},{"text":"military","start":7580.57,"end":7580.97},{"text":"operations","start":7580.97,"end":7581.57},{"text":"being","start":7581.57,"end":7581.73},{"text":"conducted","start":7581.73,"end":7582.29},{"text":"from","start":7582.29,"end":7582.49},{"text":"the","start":7582.49,"end":7582.57},{"text":"area","start":7582.57,"end":7582.89},{"text":"in","start":7582.89,"end":7582.97},{"text":"which","start":7582.97,"end":7583.17},{"text":"the","start":7583.17,"end":7583.33},{"text":"facility,","start":7583.33,"end":7584.05},{"text":"that","start":7584.29,"end":7584.61},{"text":"facility","start":7584.61,"end":7585.13},{"text":"is","start":7585.13,"end":7585.25},{"text":"located.","start":7585.25,"end":7585.73}]},{"text":"The military logic behind Russia's continued occupation therefore becoming 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other words, Russia is exploiting the special protection that a civilian nuclear facility should enjoy in order to provide protection for its own military 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would like to remind that in February 2025, a Russian drone struck the new safe confinement over the destroyed Unit 4 of the Chernobyl NPP, seriously damaging a structure built through decades of international effort and enormous financial and technical contributions from many countries represented, including in this meeting 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was not merely damage to Ukrainian infrastructure.","start":7676.37,"end":7679.05,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":7676.37,"end":7676.77},{"text":"was","start":7676.77,"end":7677.01},{"text":"not","start":7677.01,"end":7677.17},{"text":"merely","start":7677.17,"end":7677.53},{"text":"damage","start":7677.53,"end":7677.89},{"text":"to","start":7677.89,"end":7678.01},{"text":"Ukrainian","start":7678.01,"end":7678.41},{"text":"infrastructure.","start":7678.41,"end":7679.05}]},{"text":"It was an attack on one of the most important international nuclear safety projects ever 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Chernobyl.","start":7687.37,"end":7696.21,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"On","start":7687.37,"end":7687.65},{"text":"7th","start":7687.65,"end":7688.21},{"text":"June","start":7688.85,"end":7689.17},{"text":"this","start":7689.17,"end":7689.41},{"text":"year,","start":7689.41,"end":7689.89},{"text":"Russia","start":7691.01,"end":7691.37},{"text":"UAV","start":7691.37,"end":7691.81},{"text":"also","start":7691.81,"end":7692.09},{"text":"struck","start":7692.09,"end":7692.41},{"text":"the","start":7692.41,"end":7692.53},{"text":"centralized","start":7692.53,"end":7693.13},{"text":"spent","start":7693.13,"end":7693.53},{"text":"nuclear","start":7693.53,"end":7693.81},{"text":"fuel","start":7693.81,"end":7694.13},{"text":"storage","start":7694.13,"end":7694.77},{"text":"facility","start":7694.77,"end":7695.33},{"text":"near","start":7695.33,"end":7695.57},{"text":"Chernobyl.","start":7695.57,"end":7696.21}]},{"text":"Building were damaged, including premises used by IAEA personnel.","start":7696.29,"end":7700.13,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Building","start":7696.29,"end":7697.01},{"text":"were","start":7697.01,"end":7697.17},{"text":"damaged,","start":7697.17,"end":7697.61},{"text":"including","start":7697.61,"end":7698.01},{"text":"premises","start":7698.01,"end":7698.53},{"text":"used","start":7698.53,"end":7698.77},{"text":"by","start":7698.77,"end":7698.89},{"text":"IAEA","start":7698.89,"end":7699.49},{"text":"personnel.","start":7699.49,"end":7700.13}]},{"text":"So I would like just Diane to underscore that this nuclear safety threat will continue and until the time that Russia returned, will leave the ZNPP and the nuclear object will return to Ukraine's full 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Russian Federation is a conscientious party to the CWC, and we comply with the obligations we assumed in full.","start":7749.97,"end":7757.17,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":7749.97,"end":7750.05},{"text":"Russian","start":7750.05,"end":7750.29},{"text":"Federation","start":7750.29,"end":7750.69},{"text":"is","start":7750.69,"end":7750.77},{"text":"a","start":7750.77,"end":7750.85},{"text":"conscientious","start":7750.85,"end":7751.57},{"text":"party","start":7751.57,"end":7752.13},{"text":"to","start":7752.13,"end":7752.21},{"text":"the","start":7752.21,"end":7752.33},{"text":"CWC,","start":7752.33,"end":7753.25},{"text":"and","start":7753.57,"end":7753.89},{"text":"we","start":7753.89,"end":7754.05},{"text":"comply","start":7754.05,"end":7754.61},{"text":"with","start":7754.61,"end":7754.97},{"text":"the","start":7754.97,"end":7755.05},{"text":"obligations","start":7755.05,"end":7755.73},{"text":"we","start":7755.73,"end":7755.89},{"text":"assumed","start":7755.89,"end":7756.37},{"text":"in","start":7756.37,"end":7756.69},{"text":"full.","start":7756.69,"end":7757.17}]},{"text":"In this context, we reaffirm that chemical riot control agents do not constitute part of the arsenal of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, their use is not provided for the achievement of national tactical objectives in the conduct of 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repeatedly, over the course of many years, attempted to establish professional-level expert dialogue about these and other allegations against Russia about the alleged violations of the 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as was the case with the notorious Skripal case, provocations with imagined poisoning of Navalny as well as the Ukrainian file, any of our and all of our attempts to leverage the convention mechanisms to shed light on these baseless allegations are consistently 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of this only reinforces our conviction about the fact that there is no evidence whatsoever underpinning these insinuations and The group of countries brandishing them is seeking to -- is undermining the integrity of the CWC to achieve the self-proclaimed goal of inflicting strategic defeat on the Russian 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these are baseless allegations with no facts underpinning them whatsoever from a group of countries who are providing cover for the chemical crimes of the Kyiv 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can there be any doubt about the fact that it is indeed with their consent that the Ukrainian armed groups are systematically using toxic chemicals and riot control agents against Russian soldiers and representatives of constituent territories of the Russian Federation and civilians as 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the past three years, we submitted to the OPCW and the Security Council and the General Assembly approximately 40 notes with information about similar instances of Ukraine's use of riot control 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breach of their obligations under the CWC.","start":7874.93,"end":7878.05,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"in","start":7874.93,"end":7875.09},{"text":"breach","start":7875.09,"end":7875.69},{"text":"of","start":7875.69,"end":7875.81},{"text":"their","start":7875.81,"end":7875.93},{"text":"obligations","start":7875.93,"end":7876.61},{"text":"under","start":7876.61,"end":7876.97},{"text":"the","start":7876.97,"end":7877.05},{"text":"CWC.","start":7877.05,"end":7878.05}]},{"text":"These have all been disregarded and dismissed, both by the Kyiv regime and by those complicit in its 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that, in accordance with the conclusions of the Scientific and Technical Council of the OPCW, dating 27 June 2014, from the 59 of the 59 chemicals announced by states parties to the CWC as riot control agents, only 17 fall under the definition set out under the 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this initiative was not supported, first and foremost, by those who are now shouting loudest about the Russian 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reason is exceedingly clear.","start":7932.13,"end":7935.01,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":7932.13,"end":7932.17},{"text":"reason","start":7932.17,"end":7932.61},{"text":"is","start":7932.61,"end":7932.77},{"text":"exceedingly","start":7932.93,"end":7933.89},{"text":"clear.","start":7934.21,"end":7935.01}]},{"text":"NATO states have a wide range of gas grenades developed by the UK, France, Germany, and 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substances by military personnel as chemical weapons of a non-lethal effect.","start":7943.09,"end":7959.17,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":7943.09,"end":7943.41},{"text":"according","start":7943.41,"end":7944.21},{"text":"to","start":7944.21,"end":7944.41},{"text":"the","start":7944.85,"end":7944.93},{"text":"technical","start":7944.93,"end":7946.49},{"text":"instructions","start":7946.49,"end":7947.25},{"text":"set","start":7947.25,"end":7947.41},{"text":"out","start":7947.41,"end":7947.57},{"text":"by","start":7947.57,"end":7947.89},{"text":"those","start":7947.89,"end":7948.13},{"text":"states,","start":7948.13,"end":7948.77},{"text":"there","start":7949.41,"end":7949.97},{"text":"are","start":7950.93,"end":7951.09},{"text":"stipulations","start":7951.09,"end":7951.61},{"text":"for","start":7951.61,"end":7951.73},{"text":"the","start":7951.73,"end":7951.81},{"text":"use","start":7951.81,"end":7952.17},{"text":"of","start":7952.17,"end":7952.29},{"text":"these","start":7952.29,"end":7952.53},{"text":"kinds","start":7952.53,"end":7952.77},{"text":"of","start":7952.77,"end":7952.85},{"text":"special","start":7952.85,"end":7953.33},{"text":"substances","start":7953.33,"end":7954.53},{"text":"by","start":7954.85,"end":7955.01},{"text":"military","start":7955.01,"end":7955.49},{"text":"personnel","start":7955.49,"end":7955.97},{"text":"as","start":7955.97,"end":7956.21},{"text":"chemical","start":7956.21,"end":7956.65},{"text":"weapons","start":7956.65,"end":7957.05},{"text":"of","start":7957.05,"end":7957.17},{"text":"a","start":7957.17,"end":7957.25},{"text":"non-lethal","start":7957.25,"end":7958.61},{"text":"effect.","start":7958.61,"end":7959.17}]},{"text":"To conclude, we would like to underscore that Russia continue to flag such crimes perpetrated against our citizens with the aim of holding perpetrators and accomplices to 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Chairman, turning to the unsubstantiated allegation from the delegation from Netherlands about Russia's violation allegedly of the BWC, Russia, as a depository state of this convention, has been scrupulously fulfilling all of its 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when it comes to these statements by the European states.","start":7988.05,"end":7993.21,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Now,","start":7988.05,"end":7988.21},{"text":"when","start":7988.53,"end":7988.85},{"text":"it","start":7988.85,"end":7988.93},{"text":"comes","start":7988.93,"end":7989.33},{"text":"to","start":7989.33,"end":7989.89},{"text":"these","start":7989.97,"end":7990.53},{"text":"statements","start":7990.53,"end":7991.41},{"text":"by","start":7991.49,"end":7991.73},{"text":"the","start":7991.97,"end":7992.01},{"text":"European","start":7992.01,"end":7992.61},{"text":"states.","start":7992.61,"end":7993.21}]},{"text":"So we provided a detailed reaction to these statements.","start":7993.21,"end":7996.93,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":7993.21,"end":7993.33},{"text":"we","start":7993.33,"end":7993.73},{"text":"provided","start":7994.05,"end":7994.77},{"text":"a","start":7994.77,"end":7994.81},{"text":"detailed","start":7994.81,"end":7995.41},{"text":"reaction","start":7995.41,"end":7996.01},{"text":"to","start":7996.01,"end":7996.13},{"text":"these","start":7996.13,"end":7996.29},{"text":"statements.","start":7996.29,"end":7996.93}]},{"text":"This has been circulated amongst all member states, and we would once again call for parties to familiarize themselves with 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states are part of binding treaties and international frameworks, yet deliberately and systematically violate them.","start":8030.09,"end":8037.61,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Certain","start":8030.09,"end":8030.53},{"text":"states","start":8030.53,"end":8031.05},{"text":"are","start":8031.05,"end":8031.21},{"text":"part","start":8031.21,"end":8031.53},{"text":"of","start":8031.53,"end":8031.69},{"text":"binding","start":8031.69,"end":8032.01},{"text":"treaties","start":8032.01,"end":8032.57},{"text":"and","start":8032.57,"end":8032.69},{"text":"international","start":8032.69,"end":8033.29},{"text":"frameworks,","start":8033.29,"end":8034.09},{"text":"yet","start":8034.25,"end":8034.45},{"text":"deliberately","start":8034.45,"end":8035.37},{"text":"and","start":8035.37,"end":8035.57},{"text":"systematically","start":8035.57,"end":8036.57},{"text":"violate","start":8036.65,"end":8037.21},{"text":"them.","start":8037.21,"end":8037.61}]},{"text":"References to establishment of a zone free of nuclear weapons and other WMDs in the Middle East are detached from the current reality in the region.","start":8038.81,"end":8048.57,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"References","start":8038.81,"end":8039.61},{"text":"to","start":8039.61,"end":8039.81},{"text":"establishment","start":8039.81,"end":8040.49},{"text":"of","start":8040.49,"end":8040.57},{"text":"a","start":8040.57,"end":8040.65},{"text":"zone","start":8040.65,"end":8041.21},{"text":"free","start":8041.37,"end":8041.89},{"text":"of","start":8041.89,"end":8042.09},{"text":"nuclear","start":8042.09,"end":8042.45},{"text":"weapons","start":8042.45,"end":8042.97},{"text":"and","start":8042.97,"end":8043.21},{"text":"other","start":8043.21,"end":8043.53},{"text":"WMDs","start":8043.53,"end":8044.33},{"text":"in","start":8044.41,"end":8044.61},{"text":"the","start":8044.61,"end":8044.69},{"text":"Middle","start":8044.69,"end":8045.05},{"text":"East","start":8045.05,"end":8045.45},{"text":"are","start":8046.01,"end":8046.17},{"text":"detached","start":8046.17,"end":8046.61},{"text":"from","start":8046.61,"end":8046.81},{"text":"the","start":8046.81,"end":8046.89},{"text":"current","start":8046.89,"end":8047.21},{"text":"reality","start":8047.21,"end":8047.85},{"text":"in","start":8047.85,"end":8048.01},{"text":"the","start":8048.01,"end":8048.09},{"text":"region.","start":8048.09,"end":8048.57}]},{"text":"We call to those delegation who made those references to update their policy statements and devote more time and efforts to pursuing a Middle East where all countries recognize each other's right to exist.","start":8049.21,"end":8064.09,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":8049.21,"end":8049.61},{"text":"call","start":8049.61,"end":8050.09},{"text":"to","start":8050.09,"end":8050.29},{"text":"those","start":8050.29,"end":8050.57},{"text":"delegation","start":8050.57,"end":8051.17},{"text":"who","start":8051.17,"end":8051.29},{"text":"made","start":8051.29,"end":8051.89},{"text":"those","start":8051.89,"end":8052.17},{"text":"references","start":8052.17,"end":8052.97},{"text":"to","start":8053.29,"end":8053.45},{"text":"update","start":8053.45,"end":8053.81},{"text":"their","start":8053.81,"end":8054.01},{"text":"policy","start":8054.01,"end":8054.49},{"text":"statements","start":8054.49,"end":8055.21},{"text":"and","start":8055.21,"end":8055.37},{"text":"devote","start":8055.37,"end":8055.69},{"text":"more","start":8055.69,"end":8056.01},{"text":"time","start":8056.01,"end":8056.49},{"text":"and","start":8056.49,"end":8056.77},{"text":"efforts","start":8056.77,"end":8057.45},{"text":"to","start":8057.53,"end":8057.61},{"text":"pursuing","start":8057.69,"end":8058.37},{"text":"a","start":8058.37,"end":8058.41},{"text":"Middle","start":8058.41,"end":8058.81},{"text":"East","start":8058.81,"end":8059.25},{"text":"where","start":8059.25,"end":8059.53},{"text":"all","start":8059.53,"end":8059.85},{"text":"countries","start":8059.85,"end":8060.65},{"text":"recognize","start":8060.73,"end":8061.53},{"text":"each","start":8061.53,"end":8061.85},{"text":"other's","start":8061.85,"end":8062.33},{"text":"right","start":8062.49,"end":8062.97},{"text":"to","start":8063.21,"end":8063.33},{"text":"exist.","start":8063.33,"end":8064.09}]},{"text":"Chair, regarding the Arab group statement on Gaza, it is regrettable that some states depart from the professional discourse of this debate in order to advance political narratives and agendas to make claims that are substantively flawed and factually incorrect.","start":8065.85,"end":8084.09,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Chair,","start":8065.85,"end":8066.25},{"text":"regarding","start":8066.49,"end":8067.09},{"text":"the","start":8067.09,"end":8067.17},{"text":"Arab","start":8067.17,"end":8067.61},{"text":"group","start":8067.77,"end":8068.17},{"text":"statement","start":8068.17,"end":8068.77},{"text":"on","start":8068.77,"end":8068.89},{"text":"Gaza,","start":8068.89,"end":8069.45},{"text":"it","start":8069.93,"end":8070.05},{"text":"is","start":8070.05,"end":8070.25},{"text":"regrettable","start":8070.25,"end":8070.81},{"text":"that","start":8070.81,"end":8071.05},{"text":"some","start":8071.05,"end":8071.29},{"text":"states","start":8071.29,"end":8071.77},{"text":"depart","start":8071.77,"end":8072.29},{"text":"from","start":8072.29,"end":8072.49},{"text":"the","start":8072.49,"end":8072.61},{"text":"professional","start":8072.61,"end":8073.29},{"text":"discourse","start":8073.29,"end":8073.93},{"text":"of","start":8073.93,"end":8074.01},{"text":"this","start":8074.01,"end":8074.25},{"text":"debate","start":8074.25,"end":8074.73},{"text":"in","start":8074.97,"end":8075.13},{"text":"order","start":8075.13,"end":8075.45},{"text":"to","start":8075.45,"end":8075.57},{"text":"advance","start":8075.57,"end":8076.01},{"text":"political","start":8076.01,"end":8076.49},{"text":"narratives","start":8076.49,"end":8077.21},{"text":"and","start":8077.29,"end":8077.49},{"text":"agendas","start":8077.49,"end":8078.17},{"text":"to","start":8078.77,"end":8078.81},{"text":"make","start":8078.81,"end":8079.01},{"text":"claims","start":8079.01,"end":8079.45},{"text":"that","start":8079.45,"end":8079.61},{"text":"are","start":8079.61,"end":8079.69},{"text":"substantively","start":8079.69,"end":8081.45},{"text":"flawed","start":8081.45,"end":8082.01},{"text":"and","start":8082.09,"end":8082.33},{"text":"factually","start":8082.33,"end":8083.21},{"text":"incorrect.","start":8083.21,"end":8084.09}]},{"text":"It is striking that a statement devoted to weapons of mass destruction makes no mention of the real threats to the region and the global security, Iran's ongoing pursuit of nuclear and other unconventional capabilities, and its repeated violation of its obligations.","start":8086.25,"end":8106.17,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"It","start":8086.25,"end":8086.41},{"text":"is","start":8086.41,"end":8086.57},{"text":"striking","start":8086.57,"end":8087.21},{"text":"that","start":8087.45,"end":8087.93},{"text":"a","start":8087.93,"end":8088.01},{"text":"statement","start":8088.01,"end":8088.61},{"text":"devoted","start":8088.61,"end":8089.05},{"text":"to","start":8089.05,"end":8089.17},{"text":"weapons","start":8089.17,"end":8089.57},{"text":"of","start":8089.57,"end":8089.69},{"text":"mass","start":8089.69,"end":8089.89},{"text":"destruction","start":8089.89,"end":8090.73},{"text":"makes","start":8091.53,"end":8092.01},{"text":"no","start":8092.01,"end":8092.25},{"text":"mention","start":8092.25,"end":8092.89},{"text":"of","start":8092.89,"end":8093.13},{"text":"the","start":8093.13,"end":8093.21},{"text":"real","start":8093.21,"end":8093.61},{"text":"threats","start":8093.61,"end":8094.33},{"text":"to","start":8094.41,"end":8094.53},{"text":"the","start":8094.57,"end":8094.65},{"text":"region","start":8094.65,"end":8095.29},{"text":"and","start":8095.29,"end":8095.49},{"text":"the","start":8095.49,"end":8095.57},{"text":"global","start":8095.57,"end":8095.93},{"text":"security,","start":8095.93,"end":8096.65},{"text":"Iran's","start":8097.01,"end":8097.93},{"text":"ongoing","start":8098.09,"end":8098.81},{"text":"pursuit","start":8098.97,"end":8099.61},{"text":"of","start":8099.61,"end":8099.77},{"text":"nuclear","start":8099.77,"end":8100.33},{"text":"and","start":8100.33,"end":8100.57},{"text":"other","start":8100.57,"end":8100.97},{"text":"unconventional","start":8100.97,"end":8101.69},{"text":"capabilities,","start":8101.69,"end":8102.65},{"text":"and","start":8103.13,"end":8103.33},{"text":"its","start":8103.33,"end":8103.45},{"text":"repeated","start":8103.45,"end":8104.09},{"text":"violation","start":8104.17,"end":8104.89},{"text":"of","start":8104.89,"end":8105.09},{"text":"its","start":8105.09,"end":8105.21},{"text":"obligations.","start":8105.21,"end":8106.17}]},{"text":"Chair, in regard to the statement by the Islamic Republic of Iran, during Operation Royal Lion, Israel acted to eliminate Iran's capabilities and developments of unconventional weapons.","start":8107.73,"end":8121.57,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Chair,","start":8107.73,"end":8108.05},{"text":"in","start":8108.13,"end":8108.33},{"text":"regard","start":8108.33,"end":8108.73},{"text":"to","start":8108.73,"end":8108.89},{"text":"the","start":8108.89,"end":8109.01},{"text":"statement","start":8109.01,"end":8109.77},{"text":"by","start":8110.13,"end":8110.33},{"text":"the","start":8110.33,"end":8110.41},{"text":"Islamic","start":8110.41,"end":8110.93},{"text":"Republic","start":8110.93,"end":8111.57},{"text":"of","start":8111.57,"end":8111.73},{"text":"Iran,","start":8111.73,"end":8112.29},{"text":"during","start":8112.93,"end":8113.29},{"text":"Operation","start":8113.29,"end":8113.89},{"text":"Royal","start":8113.89,"end":8114.25},{"text":"Lion,","start":8114.25,"end":8114.85},{"text":"Israel","start":8115.09,"end":8115.49},{"text":"acted","start":8115.49,"end":8115.89},{"text":"to","start":8115.89,"end":8116.01},{"text":"eliminate","start":8116.01,"end":8116.61},{"text":"Iran's","start":8117.13,"end":8117.65},{"text":"capabilities","start":8117.65,"end":8118.61},{"text":"and","start":8118.85,"end":8119.05},{"text":"developments","start":8119.05,"end":8119.89},{"text":"of","start":8119.89,"end":8120.13},{"text":"unconventional","start":8120.13,"end":8120.93},{"text":"weapons.","start":8120.93,"end":8121.57}]},{"text":"Israel acted in accordance with obligation under international law and as a part of its ongoing armed conflict with Iran.","start":8122.21,"end":8130.29,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-law","label":"International Law and the Outer Space Treaty","description":"Delegations repeatedly referred to the 1967 Outer Space Treaty, the UN Charter, and in some cases international humanitarian law, as the foundation of space governance. Speakers emphasized compliance with existing law while some also called for the legal framework to be updated or strengthened."}],"words":[{"text":"Israel","start":8122.21,"end":8122.61},{"text":"acted","start":8122.61,"end":8123.17},{"text":"in","start":8123.25,"end":8123.41},{"text":"accordance","start":8123.41,"end":8124.05},{"text":"with","start":8124.05,"end":8124.25},{"text":"obligation","start":8124.25,"end":8124.93},{"text":"under","start":8124.93,"end":8125.17},{"text":"international","start":8125.17,"end":8126.13},{"text":"law","start":8126.13,"end":8126.21},{"text":"and","start":8126.93,"end":8127.09},{"text":"as","start":8127.09,"end":8127.21},{"text":"a","start":8127.21,"end":8127.25},{"text":"part","start":8127.25,"end":8127.61},{"text":"of","start":8127.61,"end":8127.77},{"text":"its","start":8127.77,"end":8127.93},{"text":"ongoing","start":8127.93,"end":8128.45},{"text":"armed","start":8128.45,"end":8128.69},{"text":"conflict","start":8128.69,"end":8129.41},{"text":"with","start":8129.57,"end":8129.77},{"text":"Iran.","start":8129.77,"end":8130.29}]},{"text":"Iran continues to prove to the international community that it not only fails to meet its obligation and cannot be trusted, but also that it destabilizes the region and the world as a violent and destructive actor that disrupts the international order.","start":8131.77,"end":8148.01,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Iran","start":8131.77,"end":8131.93},{"text":"continues","start":8131.93,"end":8132.57},{"text":"to","start":8132.57,"end":8132.73},{"text":"prove","start":8132.73,"end":8133.29},{"text":"to","start":8133.45,"end":8133.57},{"text":"the","start":8133.57,"end":8133.65},{"text":"international","start":8133.65,"end":8134.25},{"text":"community","start":8134.25,"end":8134.97},{"text":"that","start":8135.21,"end":8135.37},{"text":"it","start":8135.37,"end":8135.49},{"text":"not","start":8135.49,"end":8135.81},{"text":"only","start":8135.81,"end":8136.01},{"text":"fails","start":8136.01,"end":8136.49},{"text":"to","start":8136.49,"end":8136.65},{"text":"meet","start":8136.65,"end":8136.81},{"text":"its","start":8136.81,"end":8136.97},{"text":"obligation","start":8136.97,"end":8137.77},{"text":"and","start":8137.77,"end":8137.93},{"text":"cannot","start":8137.93,"end":8138.21},{"text":"be","start":8138.21,"end":8138.41},{"text":"trusted,","start":8138.41,"end":8139.05},{"text":"but","start":8139.37,"end":8139.61},{"text":"also","start":8139.61,"end":8140.09},{"text":"that","start":8140.09,"end":8140.25},{"text":"it","start":8140.25,"end":8140.41},{"text":"destabilizes","start":8140.41,"end":8141.45},{"text":"the","start":8141.45,"end":8141.61},{"text":"region","start":8141.61,"end":8142.17},{"text":"and","start":8142.49,"end":8142.77},{"text":"the","start":8142.77,"end":8142.89},{"text":"world","start":8142.89,"end":8143.45},{"text":"as","start":8143.45,"end":8143.61},{"text":"a","start":8143.61,"end":8143.69},{"text":"violent","start":8143.69,"end":8144.25},{"text":"and","start":8144.25,"end":8144.45},{"text":"destructive","start":8144.45,"end":8145.13},{"text":"actor","start":8145.13,"end":8145.69},{"text":"that","start":8145.85,"end":8146.09},{"text":"disrupts","start":8146.09,"end":8146.65},{"text":"the","start":8146.65,"end":8146.77},{"text":"international","start":8146.77,"end":8147.41},{"text":"order.","start":8147.41,"end":8148.01}]},{"text":"Iran proves time and again that it has the willingness and the ambition to produce weapons of mass destruction.","start":8148.29,"end":8156.81,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Iran","start":8148.29,"end":8148.65},{"text":"proves","start":8148.65,"end":8149.05},{"text":"time","start":8149.05,"end":8149.49},{"text":"and","start":8149.49,"end":8149.61},{"text":"again","start":8149.61,"end":8150.09},{"text":"that","start":8150.49,"end":8150.85},{"text":"it","start":8150.89,"end":8151.53},{"text":"has","start":8152.25,"end":8152.57},{"text":"the","start":8152.57,"end":8152.65},{"text":"willingness","start":8152.65,"end":8153.37},{"text":"and","start":8153.37,"end":8153.65},{"text":"the","start":8153.65,"end":8153.73},{"text":"ambition","start":8153.73,"end":8154.33},{"text":"to","start":8154.33,"end":8154.49},{"text":"produce","start":8154.49,"end":8155.13},{"text":"weapons","start":8155.21,"end":8155.77},{"text":"of","start":8155.77,"end":8155.85},{"text":"mass","start":8155.85,"end":8156.09},{"text":"destruction.","start":8156.09,"end":8156.81}]},{"text":"Over the past two decades, Iran has been secretly developing a chemical weapons program based on weaponized pharmaceutical agents.","start":8158.73,"end":8167.29,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Over","start":8158.73,"end":8158.89},{"text":"the","start":8158.89,"end":8158.97},{"text":"past","start":8158.97,"end":8159.37},{"text":"two","start":8159.37,"end":8159.53},{"text":"decades,","start":8159.53,"end":8160.29},{"text":"Iran","start":8160.29,"end":8160.65},{"text":"has","start":8160.65,"end":8160.81},{"text":"been","start":8160.81,"end":8161.05},{"text":"secretly","start":8161.05,"end":8161.77},{"text":"developing","start":8161.77,"end":8162.41},{"text":"a","start":8162.49,"end":8162.53},{"text":"chemical","start":8162.53,"end":8163.49},{"text":"weapons","start":8163.61,"end":8164.17},{"text":"program","start":8164.17,"end":8164.89},{"text":"based","start":8164.89,"end":8165.25},{"text":"on","start":8165.25,"end":8165.37},{"text":"weaponized","start":8165.37,"end":8165.85},{"text":"pharmaceutical","start":8165.85,"end":8166.57},{"text":"agents.","start":8166.57,"end":8167.29}]},{"text":"It has been developing such weapons in various sites, such as the Shahid Maysoumi Research Group Complex, the Hakim Anshark Research Company, and the Tufik Darou Research and Engineering Company.","start":8168.09,"end":8182.09,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"It","start":8168.09,"end":8168.25},{"text":"has","start":8168.25,"end":8168.41},{"text":"been","start":8168.41,"end":8168.65},{"text":"developing","start":8168.65,"end":8169.13},{"text":"such","start":8169.13,"end":8169.45},{"text":"weapons","start":8169.45,"end":8170.17},{"text":"in","start":8170.25,"end":8170.49},{"text":"various","start":8170.49,"end":8171.01},{"text":"sites,","start":8171.01,"end":8171.57},{"text":"such","start":8171.57,"end":8171.81},{"text":"as","start":8171.81,"end":8172.01},{"text":"the","start":8172.01,"end":8172.33},{"text":"Shahid","start":8172.33,"end":8172.81},{"text":"Maysoumi","start":8172.81,"end":8173.61},{"text":"Research","start":8173.61,"end":8174.17},{"text":"Group","start":8174.17,"end":8174.41},{"text":"Complex,","start":8174.41,"end":8175.21},{"text":"the","start":8175.69,"end":8175.89},{"text":"Hakim","start":8175.93,"end":8176.41},{"text":"Anshark","start":8176.41,"end":8177.05},{"text":"Research","start":8177.13,"end":8177.61},{"text":"Company,","start":8177.61,"end":8178.25},{"text":"and","start":8178.73,"end":8179.01},{"text":"the","start":8179.01,"end":8179.13},{"text":"Tufik","start":8179.13,"end":8179.61},{"text":"Darou","start":8179.61,"end":8180.09},{"text":"Research","start":8180.25,"end":8180.77},{"text":"and","start":8180.77,"end":8180.89},{"text":"Engineering","start":8180.89,"end":8181.45},{"text":"Company.","start":8181.45,"end":8182.09}]},{"text":"As we stated in our statement, Covertly developed Iranian munition have been transferred to Iran's regional proxies, most notably the Houthis and Hezbollah, for deployment against Israel and other countries.","start":8183.69,"end":8199.33,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"As","start":8183.69,"end":8183.85},{"text":"we","start":8183.85,"end":8183.93},{"text":"stated","start":8183.93,"end":8184.33},{"text":"in","start":8184.33,"end":8184.49},{"text":"our","start":8184.49,"end":8184.65},{"text":"statement,","start":8184.65,"end":8185.45},{"text":"Covertly","start":8187.17,"end":8187.69},{"text":"developed","start":8187.69,"end":8188.09},{"text":"Iranian","start":8188.09,"end":8188.49},{"text":"munition","start":8188.49,"end":8189.09},{"text":"have","start":8189.09,"end":8189.25},{"text":"been","start":8189.25,"end":8189.49},{"text":"transferred","start":8189.49,"end":8190.09},{"text":"to","start":8190.09,"end":8190.17},{"text":"Iran's","start":8190.17,"end":8190.69},{"text":"regional","start":8190.69,"end":8191.25},{"text":"proxies,","start":8191.25,"end":8192.29},{"text":"most","start":8192.53,"end":8192.97},{"text":"notably","start":8192.97,"end":8193.49},{"text":"the","start":8193.49,"end":8193.61},{"text":"Houthis","start":8193.61,"end":8194.37},{"text":"and","start":8194.37,"end":8194.61},{"text":"Hezbollah,","start":8194.61,"end":8195.25},{"text":"for","start":8195.73,"end":8196.05},{"text":"deployment","start":8196.05,"end":8196.61},{"text":"against","start":8196.61,"end":8197.09},{"text":"Israel","start":8197.09,"end":8197.73},{"text":"and","start":8198.13,"end":8198.37},{"text":"other","start":8198.37,"end":8198.61},{"text":"countries.","start":8198.61,"end":8199.33}]},{"text":"Colleagues, Iran is a threat not only to Israel, but to the region and to the world.","start":8201.17,"end":8209.49,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Colleagues,","start":8201.17,"end":8201.81},{"text":"Iran","start":8203.13,"end":8203.81},{"text":"is","start":8203.89,"end":8204.09},{"text":"a","start":8204.09,"end":8204.13},{"text":"threat","start":8204.13,"end":8204.69},{"text":"not","start":8204.69,"end":8205.13},{"text":"only","start":8205.13,"end":8205.57},{"text":"to","start":8205.57,"end":8205.81},{"text":"Israel,","start":8205.81,"end":8206.37},{"text":"but","start":8206.93,"end":8207.21},{"text":"to","start":8207.21,"end":8207.29},{"text":"the","start":8207.33,"end":8207.41},{"text":"region","start":8207.41,"end":8208.05},{"text":"and","start":8208.45,"end":8208.81},{"text":"to","start":8208.81,"end":8208.93},{"text":"the","start":8208.93,"end":8209.01},{"text":"world.","start":8209.01,"end":8209.49}]},{"text":"The international community must not stand idly by and allowed and allow Iran to develop unconventional capabilities, be they nuclear, biological, or chemical.","start":8210.93,"end":8223.37,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":8210.93,"end":8211.01},{"text":"international","start":8211.01,"end":8211.49},{"text":"community","start":8211.49,"end":8212.29},{"text":"must","start":8212.53,"end":8212.93},{"text":"not","start":8212.93,"end":8213.13},{"text":"stand","start":8213.13,"end":8213.57},{"text":"idly","start":8213.57,"end":8213.89},{"text":"by","start":8213.89,"end":8214.21},{"text":"and","start":8214.29,"end":8214.57},{"text":"allowed","start":8214.57,"end":8215.17},{"text":"and","start":8215.61,"end":8215.73},{"text":"allow","start":8215.73,"end":8215.97},{"text":"Iran","start":8215.97,"end":8216.25},{"text":"to","start":8216.25,"end":8216.37},{"text":"develop","start":8216.37,"end":8216.73},{"text":"unconventional","start":8216.73,"end":8217.69},{"text":"capabilities,","start":8217.69,"end":8218.81},{"text":"be","start":8219.61,"end":8219.85},{"text":"they","start":8219.85,"end":8220.09},{"text":"nuclear,","start":8220.09,"end":8220.89},{"text":"biological,","start":8221.13,"end":8222.33},{"text":"or","start":8222.49,"end":8222.73},{"text":"chemical.","start":8222.73,"end":8223.37}]},{"text":"I thank you, Chair.","start":8224.09,"end":8224.97,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":8224.09,"end":8224.25},{"text":"thank","start":8224.25,"end":8224.57},{"text":"you,","start":8224.57,"end":8224.65},{"text":"Chair.","start":8224.65,"end":8224.97}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"ISR","group":null,"function":null,"affiliation_full":"Israel"}},{"statement_number":89,"start":8227.77,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c1/81/15?lang=en&t=2:17:08","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Now I call on the representative of Sudan.","start":8227.77,"end":8231.29,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Now","start":8227.77,"end":8228.25},{"text":"I","start":8228.25,"end":8228.65},{"text":"call","start":8228.65,"end":8229.21},{"text":"on","start":8229.21,"end":8229.33},{"text":"the","start":8229.33,"end":8229.45},{"text":"representative","start":8229.45,"end":8230.57},{"text":"of","start":8230.65,"end":8230.81},{"text":"Sudan.","start":8230.81,"end":8231.29}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"1st Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair","affiliation_full":"1st Committee"}},{"statement_number":90,"start":8236.92,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c1/81/15?lang=en&t=2:17:17","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Mr. Chair.","start":8236.92,"end":8237.96,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":8236.92,"end":8237.24},{"text":"you,","start":8237.24,"end":8237.32},{"text":"Mr.","start":8237.32,"end":8237.6},{"text":"Chair.","start":8237.6,"end":8237.96}]},{"text":"My delegation was compelled to take the floor to express its total rejection to the false allegations presented by the delegations of the United States and other delegations regarding the claimed use of chemical weapons in Sudan.","start":8238.85,"end":8253.57,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"My","start":8238.85,"end":8238.93},{"text":"delegation","start":8238.93,"end":8239.53},{"text":"was","start":8239.53,"end":8239.73},{"text":"compelled","start":8239.73,"end":8240.25},{"text":"to","start":8240.25,"end":8240.45},{"text":"take","start":8240.45,"end":8240.69},{"text":"the","start":8240.69,"end":8240.77},{"text":"floor","start":8240.77,"end":8241.41},{"text":"to","start":8241.57,"end":8241.69},{"text":"express","start":8241.69,"end":8242.37},{"text":"its","start":8242.53,"end":8242.77},{"text":"total","start":8242.77,"end":8243.21},{"text":"rejection","start":8243.21,"end":8243.89},{"text":"to","start":8243.97,"end":8244.17},{"text":"the","start":8244.17,"end":8244.29},{"text":"false","start":8244.29,"end":8244.69},{"text":"allegations","start":8244.69,"end":8245.33},{"text":"presented","start":8245.33,"end":8245.89},{"text":"by","start":8245.89,"end":8246.05},{"text":"the","start":8246.05,"end":8246.21},{"text":"delegations","start":8246.21,"end":8247.09},{"text":"of","start":8247.09,"end":8247.25},{"text":"the","start":8247.25,"end":8247.33},{"text":"United","start":8247.33,"end":8247.81},{"text":"States","start":8247.81,"end":8248.29},{"text":"and","start":8248.29,"end":8248.49},{"text":"other","start":8248.49,"end":8248.69},{"text":"delegations","start":8248.69,"end":8249.57},{"text":"regarding","start":8250.05,"end":8250.69},{"text":"the","start":8250.69,"end":8250.81},{"text":"claimed","start":8250.81,"end":8251.33},{"text":"use","start":8251.33,"end":8251.73},{"text":"of","start":8251.73,"end":8251.89},{"text":"chemical","start":8251.89,"end":8252.37},{"text":"weapons","start":8252.37,"end":8252.85},{"text":"in","start":8252.85,"end":8253.01},{"text":"Sudan.","start":8253.01,"end":8253.57}]},{"text":"Sudan firmly adheres to its legal obligations under the Chemical Weapons Convention and categorically reject the use of chemical weapons by any party under any circumstances.","start":8254.61,"end":8266.77,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-law","label":"International Law and the Outer Space Treaty","description":"Delegations repeatedly referred to the 1967 Outer Space Treaty, the UN Charter, and in some cases international humanitarian law, as the foundation of space governance. Speakers emphasized compliance with existing law while some also called for the legal framework to be updated or strengthened."}],"words":[{"text":"Sudan","start":8254.61,"end":8255.09},{"text":"firmly","start":8255.09,"end":8255.57},{"text":"adheres","start":8255.57,"end":8256.21},{"text":"to","start":8256.21,"end":8256.45},{"text":"its","start":8256.45,"end":8256.69},{"text":"legal","start":8256.93,"end":8257.45},{"text":"obligations","start":8257.45,"end":8258.29},{"text":"under","start":8258.29,"end":8258.61},{"text":"the","start":8258.61,"end":8258.69},{"text":"Chemical","start":8258.69,"end":8259.17},{"text":"Weapons","start":8259.17,"end":8259.57},{"text":"Convention","start":8259.57,"end":8260.29},{"text":"and","start":8260.61,"end":8260.85},{"text":"categorically","start":8260.85,"end":8261.65},{"text":"reject","start":8261.65,"end":8262.29},{"text":"the","start":8262.37,"end":8262.53},{"text":"use","start":8262.53,"end":8263.01},{"text":"of","start":8263.09,"end":8263.25},{"text":"chemical","start":8263.25,"end":8263.73},{"text":"weapons","start":8263.73,"end":8264.21},{"text":"by","start":8264.21,"end":8264.45},{"text":"any","start":8264.45,"end":8264.69},{"text":"party","start":8264.69,"end":8265.25},{"text":"under","start":8265.25,"end":8265.53},{"text":"any","start":8265.53,"end":8265.73},{"text":"circumstances.","start":8265.73,"end":8266.77}]},{"text":"Sudan considers the Chemical Weapons Convention to be an integral part of its national legal framework.","start":8267.69,"end":8274.45,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-law","label":"International Law and the Outer Space Treaty","description":"Delegations repeatedly referred to the 1967 Outer Space Treaty, the UN Charter, and in some cases international humanitarian law, as the foundation of space governance. Speakers emphasized compliance with existing law while some also called for the legal framework to be updated or strengthened."}],"words":[{"text":"Sudan","start":8267.69,"end":8267.97},{"text":"considers","start":8267.97,"end":8268.61},{"text":"the","start":8268.61,"end":8268.69},{"text":"Chemical","start":8268.69,"end":8269.17},{"text":"Weapons","start":8269.17,"end":8269.73},{"text":"Convention","start":8269.73,"end":8270.45},{"text":"to","start":8270.45,"end":8270.57},{"text":"be","start":8270.57,"end":8270.85},{"text":"an","start":8270.85,"end":8271.01},{"text":"integral","start":8271.01,"end":8271.49},{"text":"part","start":8271.49,"end":8272.05},{"text":"of","start":8272.45,"end":8272.61},{"text":"its","start":8272.61,"end":8272.89},{"text":"national","start":8272.89,"end":8273.37},{"text":"legal","start":8273.37,"end":8273.73},{"text":"framework.","start":8273.73,"end":8274.45}]},{"text":"Sudan has consistently fulfilled its obligation under the Convention on the Chemical Weapons by renewing notifications and refraining from producing, stockpiling, or using chemical weapons.","start":8275.49,"end":8289.17,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-law","label":"International Law and the Outer Space Treaty","description":"Delegations repeatedly referred to the 1967 Outer Space Treaty, the UN Charter, and in some cases international humanitarian law, as the foundation of space governance. 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Government of Sudan is addressing these allegations seriously and transparently.","start":8307.57,"end":8312.45,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":8307.57,"end":8307.69},{"text":"Government","start":8307.69,"end":8308.25},{"text":"of","start":8308.25,"end":8308.33},{"text":"Sudan","start":8308.33,"end":8308.73},{"text":"is","start":8308.73,"end":8308.85},{"text":"addressing","start":8308.85,"end":8309.33},{"text":"these","start":8309.33,"end":8309.61},{"text":"allegations","start":8309.61,"end":8310.17},{"text":"seriously","start":8310.17,"end":8310.85},{"text":"and","start":8311.25,"end":8311.49},{"text":"transparently.","start":8311.49,"end":8312.45}]},{"text":"Sudan has already begun taking practical steps to address the allegations, foremost among these measures is establishment of a national committee comprising representative of relevant authorities the committee has been granted full authority to initiate transparent investigation and to submit its report without delay the National Committee published a preliminary report refuting the allegations of chemical weapon use the report was based on field tests forensic reviews and medical data all of which confirmed that There was no evidence of chemical or radiological contamination.","start":8312.85,"end":8353.73,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Sudan","start":8312.85,"end":8313.25},{"text":"has","start":8313.25,"end":8313.49},{"text":"already","start":8313.49,"end":8313.93},{"text":"begun","start":8313.93,"end":8314.29},{"text":"taking","start":8314.29,"end":8314.85},{"text":"practical","start":8314.93,"end":8315.49},{"text":"steps","start":8315.49,"end":8315.89},{"text":"to","start":8315.89,"end":8316.05},{"text":"address","start":8316.05,"end":8316.37},{"text":"the","start":8316.37,"end":8316.49},{"text":"allegations,","start":8316.49,"end":8317.33},{"text":"foremost","start":8317.73,"end":8318.37},{"text":"among","start":8318.37,"end":8318.61},{"text":"these","start":8318.61,"end":8319.09},{"text":"measures","start":8319.57,"end":8319.97},{"text":"is","start":8319.97,"end":8320.25},{"text":"establishment","start":8320.25,"end":8321.01},{"text":"of","start":8321.01,"end":8321.13},{"text":"a","start":8321.13,"end":8321.17},{"text":"national","start":8321.17,"end":8321.65},{"text":"committee","start":8321.65,"end":8322.21},{"text":"comprising","start":8322.61,"end":8323.41},{"text":"representative","start":8323.73,"end":8324.69},{"text":"of","start":8324.69,"end":8324.93},{"text":"relevant","start":8324.93,"end":8325.49},{"text":"authorities","start":8325.49,"end":8326.21},{"text":"the","start":8326.77,"end":8326.89},{"text":"committee","start":8326.89,"end":8327.33},{"text":"has","start":8327.33,"end":8327.65},{"text":"been","start":8327.65,"end":8327.89},{"text":"granted","start":8327.89,"end":8328.37},{"text":"full","start":8328.37,"end":8328.65},{"text":"authority","start":8328.65,"end":8329.09},{"text":"to","start":8329.09,"end":8329.17},{"text":"initiate","start":8329.17,"end":8329.77},{"text":"transparent","start":8329.77,"end":8330.41},{"text":"investigation","start":8330.41,"end":8331.33},{"text":"and","start":8331.73,"end":8332.01},{"text":"to","start":8332.01,"end":8332.13},{"text":"submit","start":8332.13,"end":8332.53},{"text":"its","start":8332.53,"end":8332.77},{"text":"report","start":8332.77,"end":8333.33},{"text":"without","start":8333.33,"end":8333.77},{"text":"delay","start":8333.77,"end":8334.21},{"text":"the","start":8335.33,"end":8335.45},{"text":"National","start":8335.45,"end":8335.89},{"text":"Committee","start":8335.89,"end":8336.37},{"text":"published","start":8336.37,"end":8336.93},{"text":"a","start":8336.93,"end":8337.01},{"text":"preliminary","start":8337.01,"end":8337.81},{"text":"report","start":8337.81,"end":8338.37},{"text":"refuting","start":8338.61,"end":8339.25},{"text":"the","start":8339.25,"end":8339.37},{"text":"allegations","start":8339.37,"end":8340.01},{"text":"of","start":8340.01,"end":8340.13},{"text":"chemical","start":8340.13,"end":8340.53},{"text":"weapon","start":8340.53,"end":8340.93},{"text":"use","start":8340.93,"end":8341.41},{"text":"the","start":8341.97,"end":8342.17},{"text":"report","start":8342.17,"end":8342.61},{"text":"was","start":8342.61,"end":8342.77},{"text":"based","start":8342.77,"end":8343.09},{"text":"on","start":8343.09,"end":8343.25},{"text":"field","start":8343.25,"end":8343.61},{"text":"tests","start":8343.61,"end":8344.01},{"text":"forensic","start":8344.13,"end":8344.77},{"text":"reviews","start":8344.77,"end":8345.33},{"text":"and","start":8345.33,"end":8345.53},{"text":"medical","start":8345.53,"end":8345.97},{"text":"data","start":8345.97,"end":8346.45},{"text":"all","start":8346.93,"end":8347.21},{"text":"of","start":8347.21,"end":8347.29},{"text":"which","start":8347.29,"end":8347.57},{"text":"confirmed","start":8347.57,"end":8348.17},{"text":"that","start":8348.17,"end":8348.45},{"text":"There","start":8349.25,"end":8349.33},{"text":"was","start":8349.33,"end":8349.57},{"text":"no","start":8349.57,"end":8349.81},{"text":"evidence","start":8349.81,"end":8350.45},{"text":"of","start":8350.45,"end":8350.61},{"text":"chemical","start":8350.61,"end":8351.17},{"text":"or","start":8351.17,"end":8351.37},{"text":"radiological","start":8351.37,"end":8352.45},{"text":"contamination.","start":8352.77,"end":8353.73}]},{"text":"The United States has failed to provide any evidence to the competent authority, namely the OPCW, which both Sudan and the United States are members of its Executive Council.","start":8355.01,"end":8366.05,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-law","label":"International Law and the Outer Space Treaty","description":"Delegations repeatedly referred to the 1967 Outer Space Treaty, the UN Charter, and in some cases international humanitarian law, as the foundation of space governance. 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Government of Sudan has been on regular contact with the United States on this issue since the announcements of these allegations, but to date, no evidence was 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the invitation to send a technical team to conduct a joint inspection to verify this allegation was accepted.","start":8377.69,"end":8385.69,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"nor","start":8377.69,"end":8378.01},{"text":"the","start":8378.01,"end":8378.09},{"text":"invitation","start":8378.09,"end":8378.81},{"text":"to","start":8378.81,"end":8378.97},{"text":"send","start":8378.97,"end":8379.37},{"text":"a","start":8379.37,"end":8379.41},{"text":"technical","start":8379.41,"end":8380.01},{"text":"team","start":8380.01,"end":8380.33},{"text":"to","start":8380.33,"end":8380.45},{"text":"conduct","start":8380.45,"end":8381.13},{"text":"a","start":8381.53,"end":8381.61},{"text":"joint","start":8381.61,"end":8382.13},{"text":"inspection","start":8382.13,"end":8382.81},{"text":"to","start":8382.81,"end":8382.89},{"text":"verify","start":8382.89,"end":8383.37},{"text":"this","start":8383.37,"end":8383.65},{"text":"allegation","start":8383.65,"end":8384.41},{"text":"was","start":8384.57,"end":8384.97},{"text":"accepted.","start":8384.97,"end":8385.69}]},{"text":"Sudan renewed its invitation to the United States to submit the available evidence, if any, to the OPCW.","start":8386.33,"end":8394.81,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Sudan","start":8386.33,"end":8386.81},{"text":"renewed","start":8386.81,"end":8387.21},{"text":"its","start":8387.21,"end":8387.61},{"text":"invitation","start":8387.61,"end":8388.33},{"text":"to","start":8388.33,"end":8388.41},{"text":"the","start":8388.41,"end":8388.49},{"text":"United","start":8388.49,"end":8389.05},{"text":"States","start":8389.05,"end":8389.61},{"text":"to","start":8389.85,"end":8389.97},{"text":"submit","start":8389.97,"end":8390.73},{"text":"the","start":8391.37,"end":8391.49},{"text":"available","start":8391.49,"end":8392.09},{"text":"evidence,","start":8392.09,"end":8392.65},{"text":"if","start":8392.65,"end":8392.89},{"text":"any,","start":8392.89,"end":8393.29},{"text":"to","start":8393.53,"end":8393.65},{"text":"the","start":8393.65,"end":8393.73},{"text":"OPCW.","start":8393.73,"end":8394.81}]},{"text":"Otherwise, these allegations can only be regarded as a tool for political pressure.","start":8395.37,"end":8400.01,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Otherwise,","start":8395.37,"end":8396.01},{"text":"these","start":8396.01,"end":8396.21},{"text":"allegations","start":8396.21,"end":8396.81},{"text":"can","start":8396.81,"end":8397.05},{"text":"only","start":8397.05,"end":8397.45},{"text":"be","start":8397.45,"end":8397.53},{"text":"regarded","start":8397.53,"end":8398.17},{"text":"as","start":8398.17,"end":8398.37},{"text":"a","start":8398.37,"end":8398.41},{"text":"tool","start":8398.41,"end":8398.73},{"text":"for","start":8398.73,"end":8399.01},{"text":"political","start":8399.01,"end":8399.61},{"text":"pressure.","start":8399.61,"end":8400.01}]},{"text":"Sudan reaffirms its firm commitment to the total prohibition of chemical weapons and that all chlorine stockpiles in Sudan are exclusively for the civilian water purification and industry energy 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remain allegations until verified.","start":8417.21,"end":8420.17,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Allegations","start":8417.21,"end":8417.93},{"text":"remain","start":8417.93,"end":8418.25},{"text":"allegations","start":8418.25,"end":8419.13},{"text":"until","start":8419.13,"end":8419.45},{"text":"verified.","start":8419.45,"end":8420.17}]},{"text":"Sudan calls on all member states to refrain from referring to these allegations at least until they are verified by the competent 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thank you, Chair.","start":8429.13,"end":8429.93,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":8429.13,"end":8429.29},{"text":"thank","start":8429.29,"end":8429.53},{"text":"you,","start":8429.53,"end":8429.69},{"text":"Chair.","start":8429.69,"end":8429.93}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"SDN","group":null,"function":null,"affiliation_full":"Sudan"}},{"statement_number":91,"start":8432.57,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c1/81/15?lang=en&t=2:20:33","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I now give the floor to the representative of China for the first intervention under the cluster of other weapons of mass destruction.","start":8432.57,"end":8446.01,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":8432.57,"end":8432.58},{"text":"now","start":8432.57,"end":8433.13},{"text":"give","start":8433.37,"end":8433.81},{"text":"the","start":8433.81,"end":8433.93},{"text":"floor","start":8433.93,"end":8434.25},{"text":"to","start":8434.25,"end":8434.37},{"text":"the","start":8434.37,"end":8434.49},{"text":"representative","start":8434.49,"end":8435.77},{"text":"of","start":8436.21,"end":8436.49},{"text":"China","start":8436.49,"end":8437.01},{"text":"for","start":8437.05,"end":8437.33},{"text":"the","start":8437.33,"end":8437.45},{"text":"first","start":8437.45,"end":8437.77},{"text":"intervention","start":8437.77,"end":8438.49},{"text":"under","start":8438.49,"end":8438.77},{"text":"the","start":8438.77,"end":8438.89},{"text":"cluster","start":8438.89,"end":8439.33},{"text":"of","start":8439.33,"end":8439.65},{"text":"other","start":8439.65,"end":8439.85},{"text":"weapons","start":8439.85,"end":8440.25},{"text":"of","start":8440.25,"end":8440.37},{"text":"mass","start":8440.37,"end":8441.21},{"text":"destruction.","start":8445.53,"end":8446.01}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"1st Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair","affiliation_full":"1st Committee"}},{"statement_number":92,"start":8447.17,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c1/81/15?lang=en&t=2:20:48","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"China firmly rejects Japan's sophistry regarding the issue of Japanese ACWs.","start":8447.17,"end":8452.85,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"China","start":8447.17,"end":8447.41},{"text":"firmly","start":8447.41,"end":8447.89},{"text":"rejects","start":8447.89,"end":8448.61},{"text":"Japan's","start":8449.01,"end":8449.85},{"text":"sophistry","start":8449.85,"end":8450.29},{"text":"regarding","start":8450.29,"end":8450.77},{"text":"the","start":8450.77,"end":8450.85},{"text":"issue","start":8450.85,"end":8451.41},{"text":"of","start":8451.41,"end":8451.57},{"text":"Japanese","start":8451.57,"end":8452.05},{"text":"ACWs.","start":8452.05,"end":8452.85}]},{"text":"The CWC clearly stipulates that each State Party undertakes to destroy all chemical weapons it abandoned on the territory of another State Party in accordance with the provision of the provision for the purpose of destroying abandoned chemical weapons.","start":8453.17,"end":8467.17,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":8453.17,"end":8453.25},{"text":"CWC","start":8453.25,"end":8454.05},{"text":"clearly","start":8454.05,"end":8454.53},{"text":"stipulates","start":8454.53,"end":8455.13},{"text":"that","start":8455.13,"end":8455.41},{"text":"each","start":8455.41,"end":8455.89},{"text":"State","start":8455.89,"end":8456.13},{"text":"Party","start":8456.13,"end":8456.45},{"text":"undertakes","start":8456.45,"end":8456.97},{"text":"to","start":8456.97,"end":8457.05},{"text":"destroy","start":8457.05,"end":8457.49},{"text":"all","start":8457.49,"end":8457.73},{"text":"chemical","start":8457.73,"end":8458.09},{"text":"weapons","start":8458.09,"end":8458.45},{"text":"it","start":8458.77,"end":8458.97},{"text":"abandoned","start":8458.97,"end":8459.49},{"text":"on","start":8459.49,"end":8459.61},{"text":"the","start":8459.61,"end":8459.73},{"text":"territory","start":8459.73,"end":8460.21},{"text":"of","start":8460.21,"end":8460.37},{"text":"another","start":8460.37,"end":8461.33},{"text":"State","start":8461.33,"end":8461.57},{"text":"Party","start":8461.57,"end":8461.97},{"text":"in","start":8462.29,"end":8462.45},{"text":"accordance","start":8462.45,"end":8462.89},{"text":"with","start":8462.89,"end":8463.01},{"text":"the","start":8463.01,"end":8463.09},{"text":"provision","start":8463.09,"end":8463.53},{"text":"of","start":8463.53,"end":8463.61},{"text":"the","start":8463.61,"end":8463.73},{"text":"provision","start":8463.73,"end":8464.37},{"text":"for","start":8464.61,"end":8464.81},{"text":"the","start":8464.81,"end":8464.93},{"text":"purpose","start":8464.93,"end":8465.25},{"text":"of","start":8465.25,"end":8465.33},{"text":"destroying","start":8465.33,"end":8465.81},{"text":"abandoned","start":8465.81,"end":8466.29},{"text":"chemical","start":8466.45,"end":8466.77},{"text":"weapons.","start":8466.77,"end":8467.17}]},{"text":"Abandoning State Party shall provide all necessary financial, technical, expert, facility, as well as other resources.","start":8467.17,"end":8472.37,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Abandoning","start":8467.17,"end":8467.73},{"text":"State","start":8467.73,"end":8467.89},{"text":"Party","start":8467.89,"end":8468.25},{"text":"shall","start":8468.25,"end":8468.45},{"text":"provide","start":8468.45,"end":8468.77},{"text":"all","start":8468.77,"end":8468.85},{"text":"necessary","start":8468.85,"end":8469.33},{"text":"financial,","start":8469.33,"end":8469.81},{"text":"technical,","start":8469.81,"end":8470.25},{"text":"expert,","start":8470.25,"end":8470.69},{"text":"facility,","start":8470.69,"end":8471.17},{"text":"as","start":8471.17,"end":8471.29},{"text":"well","start":8471.29,"end":8471.49},{"text":"as","start":8471.49,"end":8471.57},{"text":"other","start":8471.57,"end":8471.77},{"text":"resources.","start":8471.77,"end":8472.37}]},{"text":"China has actively provided necessary assistance to Japan in carrying out its operations.","start":8472.69,"end":8476.77,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"China","start":8472.69,"end":8472.93},{"text":"has","start":8472.93,"end":8473.17},{"text":"actively","start":8473.17,"end":8473.53},{"text":"provided","start":8473.53,"end":8473.97},{"text":"necessary","start":8473.97,"end":8474.49},{"text":"assistance","start":8474.49,"end":8474.93},{"text":"to","start":8474.93,"end":8475.01},{"text":"Japan","start":8475.01,"end":8475.41},{"text":"in","start":8475.41,"end":8475.49},{"text":"carrying","start":8475.49,"end":8475.81},{"text":"out","start":8475.81,"end":8475.93},{"text":"its","start":8475.93,"end":8476.13},{"text":"operations.","start":8476.13,"end":8476.77}]},{"text":"In contrast, Japan has yet to provide comprehensive, detailed, accurate information regarding the whereabouts of the ACWs.","start":8477.09,"end":8482.69,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":8477.09,"end":8477.21},{"text":"contrast,","start":8477.21,"end":8477.69},{"text":"Japan","start":8477.69,"end":8478.01},{"text":"has","start":8478.01,"end":8478.21},{"text":"yet","start":8478.21,"end":8478.41},{"text":"to","start":8478.41,"end":8478.49},{"text":"provide","start":8478.49,"end":8478.85},{"text":"comprehensive,","start":8478.85,"end":8479.49},{"text":"detailed,","start":8479.57,"end":8479.89},{"text":"accurate","start":8479.89,"end":8480.29},{"text":"information","start":8480.29,"end":8480.81},{"text":"regarding","start":8480.81,"end":8481.21},{"text":"the","start":8481.21,"end":8481.29},{"text":"whereabouts","start":8481.29,"end":8481.81},{"text":"of","start":8481.81,"end":8481.89},{"text":"the","start":8481.89,"end":8481.97},{"text":"ACWs.","start":8481.97,"end":8482.69}]},{"text":"This is entirely due to Japan's inadequate attention and investment, which has resulted in the destruction plan falling behind schedule four times, posing a severe threat to the lives, property, and ecological safety and security of the Chinese people.","start":8482.93,"end":8494.69,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":8482.93,"end":8483.13},{"text":"is","start":8483.13,"end":8483.25},{"text":"entirely","start":8483.25,"end":8483.73},{"text":"due","start":8483.73,"end":8483.97},{"text":"to","start":8483.97,"end":8484.05},{"text":"Japan's","start":8484.05,"end":8484.49},{"text":"inadequate","start":8484.49,"end":8485.01},{"text":"attention","start":8485.01,"end":8485.37},{"text":"and","start":8485.37,"end":8485.49},{"text":"investment,","start":8485.49,"end":8486.05},{"text":"which","start":8486.25,"end":8486.45},{"text":"has","start":8486.45,"end":8486.61},{"text":"resulted","start":8486.61,"end":8487.13},{"text":"in","start":8487.13,"end":8487.25},{"text":"the","start":8487.25,"end":8487.33},{"text":"destruction","start":8487.37,"end":8487.89},{"text":"plan","start":8487.89,"end":8488.13},{"text":"falling","start":8488.13,"end":8488.45},{"text":"behind","start":8488.45,"end":8488.77},{"text":"schedule","start":8488.77,"end":8489.13},{"text":"four","start":8489.13,"end":8489.33},{"text":"times,","start":8489.33,"end":8489.81},{"text":"posing","start":8490.05,"end":8490.41},{"text":"a","start":8490.41,"end":8490.45},{"text":"severe","start":8490.45,"end":8491.01},{"text":"threat","start":8491.01,"end":8491.37},{"text":"to","start":8491.37,"end":8491.45},{"text":"the","start":8491.45,"end":8491.53},{"text":"lives,","start":8491.53,"end":8491.81},{"text":"property,","start":8491.81,"end":8492.29},{"text":"and","start":8492.29,"end":8492.49},{"text":"ecological","start":8492.49,"end":8492.97},{"text":"safety","start":8492.97,"end":8493.25},{"text":"and","start":8493.25,"end":8493.37},{"text":"security","start":8493.37,"end":8493.81},{"text":"of","start":8493.81,"end":8493.89},{"text":"the","start":8493.89,"end":8493.97},{"text":"Chinese","start":8493.97,"end":8494.29},{"text":"people.","start":8494.29,"end":8494.69}]},{"text":"According to the incomplete statistics, since the end of the Second World War, Japanese ACWs have caused a cumulative total of more than 2,000 casualties among the Chinese 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of September 2026, across 18 Chinese provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions, at more than 200 locations, around 400 pieces of Japanese ACWs have been initially identified, with only 160,000 pieces destroyed, less than half of the 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to the new destruction plan agreed upon by China and Japan, Japan is required by 2027 to complete destruction of the Japanese ACWs at Harbin and ACWs at all other locations by the end of, declared at the end of 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things stand, a fifth missed deadline appears inevitable, eliminating the scourge of Japanese ACWs is not only a historical, political, and legal responsibility that Japan cannot deny or escape, but also international obligation under the 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once again urged Japan to earnestly assume its responsibilities.","start":8547.77,"end":8551.21,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"China","start":8547.77,"end":8547.97},{"text":"once","start":8547.97,"end":8548.17},{"text":"again","start":8548.17,"end":8548.49},{"text":"urged","start":8548.49,"end":8548.85},{"text":"Japan","start":8548.85,"end":8549.29},{"text":"to","start":8549.29,"end":8549.53},{"text":"earnestly","start":8549.53,"end":8549.97},{"text":"assume","start":8549.97,"end":8550.25},{"text":"its","start":8550.25,"end":8550.41},{"text":"responsibilities.","start":8550.41,"end":8551.21}]},{"text":"Fully, completely, and accurately implement the destruction plan, vigorously accelerate our disposal of these chemical weapons, restore clean environment to the Chinese people, restore and remove the greatest obstacle to achieving a world free of chemical 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we believe it is in the interest of all our shared global health security that governments share clear, factual information quickly and openly about potential infectious disease 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is credible and documented evidence of the use of prohibited munitions, including white phosphorus and depleted 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such weapons in Lebanon, and similar reports have emerged from 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repeated allegations against Iran are a calculated attempt by the Israeli regime and the US to divert attention from the issues they would rather this committee not confront, namely the Israeli regime's crimes in Gaza, the West Bank, Iran, and across our 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amount of politically motivated accusation can conceal these realities or relieve the Israeli regime of 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legally binding BWC compliance and verification protocol, maintaining its reservation to the 1925 Geneva Protocol, and evading scrutiny of its extensive overseas network of over 120 biological laboratories across more than 30 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raising serious accountability concerns under the DWC.","start":8807.65,"end":8812.53,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"thereby","start":8807.65,"end":8808.05},{"text":"raising","start":8808.05,"end":8808.61},{"text":"serious","start":8808.61,"end":8809.09},{"text":"accountability","start":8809.09,"end":8810.13},{"text":"concerns","start":8810.21,"end":8810.93},{"text":"under","start":8811.29,"end":8811.57},{"text":"the","start":8811.57,"end":8811.69},{"text":"DWC.","start":8811.69,"end":8812.53}]},{"text":"I thank you, Mr. Chair.","start":8812.61,"end":8813.57,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":8812.61,"end":8812.77},{"text":"thank","start":8812.77,"end":8813.01},{"text":"you,","start":8813.01,"end":8813.09},{"text":"Mr.","start":8813.09,"end":8813.33},{"text":"Chair.","start":8813.33,"end":8813.57}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"IRN","group":null,"function":null,"affiliation_full":"Iran (Islamic Republic 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cooperation from the Chinese side is also necessary to advance the project as 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Japan's measures meet the requirement of the CWC and Chinese domestic laws and regulations in destroying chemical 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stated, Japan and China jointly submitted destruction plans through the discussion to seek a feasible 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in accordance with this destruction plan, Japan has been making the best possible efforts to complete the destruction with necessary cooperation by 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Chair.","start":9094.33,"end":9095.29,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":9094.33,"end":9094.65},{"text":"you,","start":9094.65,"end":9094.73},{"text":"Mr.","start":9094.73,"end":9095.05},{"text":"Chair.","start":9095.09,"end":9095.29}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"JPN","group":null,"function":null,"affiliation_full":"Japan"}},{"statement_number":101,"start":9097.69,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c1/81/15?lang=en&t=2:31:38","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Now I give the floor to the representative of 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of the lethal toxin epibatidine were confirmed in biological samples from Mr. Alexei Navalny.","start":9143.13,"end":9149.53,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Traces","start":9143.13,"end":9143.61},{"text":"of","start":9143.61,"end":9143.69},{"text":"the","start":9143.69,"end":9143.77},{"text":"lethal","start":9143.77,"end":9144.17},{"text":"toxin","start":9144.17,"end":9144.73},{"text":"epibatidine","start":9144.73,"end":9145.53},{"text":"were","start":9145.53,"end":9145.69},{"text":"confirmed","start":9145.69,"end":9146.41},{"text":"in","start":9146.41,"end":9146.49},{"text":"biological","start":9146.49,"end":9147.13},{"text":"samples","start":9147.13,"end":9147.85},{"text":"from","start":9147.93,"end":9148.21},{"text":"Mr.","start":9148.21,"end":9148.49},{"text":"Alexei","start":9148.49,"end":9148.81},{"text":"Navalny.","start":9148.81,"end":9149.53}]},{"text":"Only Russia had the means, motive, and opportunity to carry out this 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Ukraine.","start":9154.73,"end":9163.21,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Three","start":9154.73,"end":9154.97},{"text":"OPCW","start":9154.97,"end":9155.85},{"text":"technical","start":9155.85,"end":9156.49},{"text":"assistance","start":9156.49,"end":9157.05},{"text":"visits","start":9157.05,"end":9157.53},{"text":"have","start":9157.53,"end":9157.65},{"text":"confirmed","start":9157.65,"end":9158.21},{"text":"the","start":9158.21,"end":9158.29},{"text":"presence","start":9158.29,"end":9158.89},{"text":"of","start":9158.97,"end":9159.05},{"text":"the","start":9159.09,"end":9159.21},{"text":"riot","start":9159.29,"end":9159.69},{"text":"control","start":9159.69,"end":9160.17},{"text":"agent","start":9160.17,"end":9160.65},{"text":"CS","start":9160.65,"end":9161.29},{"text":"in","start":9161.29,"end":9161.37},{"text":"battlefield","start":9161.37,"end":9161.97},{"text":"samples","start":9161.97,"end":9162.49},{"text":"in","start":9162.49,"end":9162.61},{"text":"Ukraine.","start":9162.61,"end":9163.21}]},{"text":"Repeating alternative theories is not the same as providing proof.","start":9164.09,"end":9168.41,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Repeating","start":9164.09,"end":9164.65},{"text":"alternative","start":9164.65,"end":9165.45},{"text":"theories","start":9165.45,"end":9166.25},{"text":"is","start":9166.33,"end":9166.49},{"text":"not","start":9166.49,"end":9166.69},{"text":"the","start":9166.69,"end":9166.77},{"text":"same","start":9166.77,"end":9167.29},{"text":"as","start":9167.29,"end":9167.37},{"text":"providing","start":9167.37,"end":9167.93},{"text":"proof.","start":9167.93,"end":9168.41}]},{"text":"Obscuring facts does not absolve the Russian Federation from its obligation to answer legitimate 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unsubstantiated allegations are against us.","start":9349.17,"end":9352.69,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"These","start":9349.17,"end":9349.73},{"text":"unsubstantiated","start":9349.73,"end":9350.69},{"text":"allegations","start":9350.69,"end":9351.65},{"text":"are","start":9351.65,"end":9351.93},{"text":"against","start":9351.93,"end":9352.37},{"text":"us.","start":9352.45,"end":9352.69}]},{"text":"This year, there has been a great deal of talk about 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refer to the military biological activity abroad, including on the soil of Ukraine.","start":9375.17,"end":9380.93,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":9375.17,"end":9375.25},{"text":"refer","start":9375.25,"end":9375.57},{"text":"to","start":9375.57,"end":9375.97},{"text":"the","start":9375.97,"end":9376.29},{"text":"military","start":9376.93,"end":9377.45},{"text":"biological","start":9377.45,"end":9378.05},{"text":"activity","start":9378.05,"end":9378.61},{"text":"abroad,","start":9378.61,"end":9379.01},{"text":"including","start":9379.01,"end":9379.49},{"text":"on","start":9379.49,"end":9379.81},{"text":"the","start":9379.81,"end":9379.89},{"text":"soil","start":9379.89,"end":9380.21},{"text":"of","start":9380.21,"end":9380.37},{"text":"Ukraine.","start":9380.37,"end":9380.93}]},{"text":"The soundness of our complaints are confirmed by this statement from former Director of National Intelligence Tulsi Gabbard during an 11 May and 12 June 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informed about the potentially risky experiments with dangerous pathogens and viruses, financed by the United States in more than 120 foreign laboratories, more than 40 of which are located in 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Gabbard's material confirmed the location, which had previously been mentioned by Russia, and the operations of the 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the specific examples, we would point to the Central Reference Laboratory of the Ukrainian Scientific Research Anti-Plague Institute, the Metchnikov Institute in Odessa, which has directly been identified as a place for the storage of 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this is directly spoken about by Madam Gabbard, and her statement confirms the open, the blatant hypocrisy of the former U.S. administration and their allies who deny the presence in Ukraine of U.S.-financed biolaboratories.","start":9442.21,"end":9457.73,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":9442.21,"end":9442.33},{"text":"this","start":9442.33,"end":9442.45},{"text":"is","start":9442.45,"end":9442.57},{"text":"directly","start":9442.57,"end":9443.17},{"text":"spoken","start":9443.73,"end":9444.21},{"text":"about","start":9444.21,"end":9444.53},{"text":"by","start":9444.53,"end":9444.85},{"text":"Madam","start":9444.85,"end":9445.53},{"text":"Gabbard,","start":9445.57,"end":9446.05},{"text":"and","start":9446.05,"end":9446.21},{"text":"her","start":9446.21,"end":9446.37},{"text":"statement","start":9446.37,"end":9447.01},{"text":"confirms","start":9447.41,"end":9448.37},{"text":"the","start":9448.37,"end":9448.49},{"text":"open,","start":9448.93,"end":9449.49},{"text":"the","start":9449.49,"end":9449.65},{"text":"blatant","start":9449.65,"end":9450.29},{"text":"hypocrisy","start":9450.29,"end":9450.73},{"text":"of","start":9450.73,"end":9450.85},{"text":"the","start":9450.85,"end":9450.93},{"text":"former","start":9450.93,"end":9451.33},{"text":"U.S.","start":9451.33,"end":9451.65},{"text":"administration","start":9451.65,"end":9452.37},{"text":"and","start":9452.37,"end":9452.57},{"text":"their","start":9452.57,"end":9452.73},{"text":"allies","start":9452.73,"end":9453.09},{"text":"who","start":9453.09,"end":9453.21},{"text":"deny","start":9453.21,"end":9453.81},{"text":"the","start":9453.81,"end":9453.93},{"text":"presence","start":9453.93,"end":9454.45},{"text":"in","start":9454.45,"end":9454.61},{"text":"Ukraine","start":9454.61,"end":9455.25},{"text":"of","start":9455.33,"end":9455.49},{"text":"U.S.-financed","start":9455.49,"end":9456.45},{"text":"biolaboratories.","start":9456.45,"end":9457.73}]},{"text":"as well as the microphone has been cut off.","start":9458.45,"end":9462.85,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"as","start":9458.45,"end":9458.61},{"text":"well","start":9458.61,"end":9459.25},{"text":"as","start":9460.05,"end":9460.85},{"text":"the","start":9461.57,"end":9461.73},{"text":"microphone","start":9461.73,"end":9462.13},{"text":"has","start":9462.13,"end":9462.25},{"text":"been","start":9462.25,"end":9462.37},{"text":"cut","start":9462.37,"end":9462.53},{"text":"off.","start":9462.53,"end":9462.85}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"RUS","group":null,"function":null,"affiliation_full":"Russian Federation"}},{"statement_number":107,"start":9465.33,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c1/81/15?lang=en&t=2:37:46","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Now we will move to the cluster of outer space.","start":9465.33,"end":9469.49,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Now","start":9465.33,"end":9465.97},{"text":"we","start":9465.97,"end":9466.21},{"text":"will","start":9466.21,"end":9466.69},{"text":"move","start":9466.69,"end":9467.01},{"text":"to","start":9467.01,"end":9467.17},{"text":"the","start":9467.17,"end":9467.33},{"text":"cluster","start":9467.33,"end":9467.97},{"text":"of","start":9467.97,"end":9468.21},{"text":"outer","start":9468.37,"end":9468.69},{"text":"space.","start":9468.69,"end":9469.49}]},{"text":"I call on the representative of the United States of America for the first intervention under this cluster.","start":9470.53,"end":9479.65,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":9470.53,"end":9470.85},{"text":"call","start":9470.93,"end":9471.33},{"text":"on","start":9471.33,"end":9471.41},{"text":"the","start":9471.41,"end":9471.53},{"text":"representative","start":9471.53,"end":9472.61},{"text":"of","start":9472.61,"end":9472.77},{"text":"the","start":9472.77,"end":9472.93},{"text":"United","start":9472.93,"end":9473.37},{"text":"States","start":9473.37,"end":9473.73},{"text":"of","start":9473.81,"end":9473.97},{"text":"America","start":9474.05,"end":9474.85},{"text":"for","start":9474.85,"end":9475.33},{"text":"the","start":9475.33,"end":9475.57},{"text":"first","start":9475.65,"end":9476.05},{"text":"intervention","start":9476.05,"end":9478.37},{"text":"under","start":9478.37,"end":9478.93},{"text":"this","start":9478.93,"end":9479.17},{"text":"cluster.","start":9479.17,"end":9479.65}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"1st Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair","affiliation_full":"1st Committee"}},{"statement_number":108,"start":9484.57,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c1/81/15?lang=en&t=2:38:05","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Mr. Chair, I take the floor to respond to comments made by China and Russia regarding U.S. outer space policy.","start":9484.57,"end":9490.37,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":9484.57,"end":9484.77},{"text":"Chair,","start":9484.77,"end":9485.17},{"text":"I","start":9485.33,"end":9485.49},{"text":"take","start":9485.49,"end":9485.73},{"text":"the","start":9485.73,"end":9485.81},{"text":"floor","start":9485.81,"end":9486.21},{"text":"to","start":9486.21,"end":9486.29},{"text":"respond","start":9486.29,"end":9486.77},{"text":"to","start":9486.77,"end":9486.85},{"text":"comments","start":9486.85,"end":9487.25},{"text":"made","start":9487.25,"end":9487.49},{"text":"by","start":9487.49,"end":9487.65},{"text":"China","start":9487.65,"end":9487.93},{"text":"and","start":9487.93,"end":9488.05},{"text":"Russia","start":9488.05,"end":9488.45},{"text":"regarding","start":9488.45,"end":9488.93},{"text":"U.S.","start":9488.93,"end":9489.25},{"text":"outer","start":9489.25,"end":9489.45},{"text":"space","start":9489.45,"end":9489.73},{"text":"policy.","start":9489.73,"end":9490.37}]},{"text":"The United States leads the world in sustainable, rules-based space activities.","start":9490.93,"end":9495.49,"topics":[{"key":"space-sustainability","label":"Space Sustainability and Debris","description":"Long-term sustainability of the space environment emerged as a recurring concern, especially regarding debris, large satellite constellations, uncontrolled re-entries and space traffic. Speakers warned that harmful activities in orbit could make parts of space unusable for future generations."},{"key":"outer-space-law","label":"International Law and the Outer Space Treaty","description":"Delegations repeatedly referred to the 1967 Outer Space Treaty, the UN Charter, and in some cases international humanitarian law, as the foundation of space governance. Speakers emphasized compliance with existing law while some also called for the legal framework to be updated or strengthened."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":9490.93,"end":9491.01},{"text":"United","start":9491.01,"end":9491.37},{"text":"States","start":9491.37,"end":9491.73},{"text":"leads","start":9491.73,"end":9492.13},{"text":"the","start":9492.13,"end":9492.21},{"text":"world","start":9492.21,"end":9492.49},{"text":"in","start":9492.49,"end":9492.61},{"text":"sustainable,","start":9492.61,"end":9493.33},{"text":"rules-based","start":9493.49,"end":9494.29},{"text":"space","start":9494.29,"end":9494.77},{"text":"activities.","start":9494.77,"end":9495.49}]},{"text":"Our approach is guided by the Outer Space Treaty, other applicable international law, and voluntary commitments.","start":9495.89,"end":9502.45,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-law","label":"International Law and the Outer Space Treaty","description":"Delegations repeatedly referred to the 1967 Outer Space Treaty, the UN Charter, and in some cases international humanitarian law, as the foundation of space governance. Speakers emphasized compliance with existing law while some also called for the legal framework to be updated or strengthened."},{"key":"responsible-behavior-norms","label":"Norms, Rules and Confidence-Building Measures","description":"Numerous statements supported developing norms, rules, principles of responsible behaviour, and transparency and confidence-building measures to reduce mistrust, miscalculation and escalation. Views differed on emphasis, but many saw these measures as complementary to future legal commitments."}],"words":[{"text":"Our","start":9495.89,"end":9496.09},{"text":"approach","start":9496.09,"end":9496.61},{"text":"is","start":9496.61,"end":9496.77},{"text":"guided","start":9496.77,"end":9497.09},{"text":"by","start":9497.09,"end":9497.37},{"text":"the","start":9497.37,"end":9497.45},{"text":"Outer","start":9497.45,"end":9497.65},{"text":"Space","start":9497.65,"end":9497.97},{"text":"Treaty,","start":9497.97,"end":9498.53},{"text":"other","start":9498.85,"end":9499.17},{"text":"applicable","start":9499.17,"end":9499.73},{"text":"international","start":9499.73,"end":9500.37},{"text":"law,","start":9500.37,"end":9500.69},{"text":"and","start":9501.01,"end":9501.25},{"text":"voluntary","start":9501.25,"end":9501.81},{"text":"commitments.","start":9501.81,"end":9502.45}]},{"text":"We are the most transparent of all space operators.","start":9503.01,"end":9506.37,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":9503.01,"end":9503.25},{"text":"are","start":9503.25,"end":9503.41},{"text":"the","start":9503.41,"end":9503.57},{"text":"most","start":9503.57,"end":9503.89},{"text":"transparent","start":9503.89,"end":9504.73},{"text":"of","start":9504.73,"end":9504.85},{"text":"all","start":9504.85,"end":9505.25},{"text":"space","start":9505.25,"end":9505.73},{"text":"operators.","start":9505.73,"end":9506.37}]},{"text":"Because of this, Russia and China seek to criticize the United States as a way to deflect any attention to their development, testing, and working on anti-satellite weapons.","start":9506.93,"end":9524.57,"topics":[{"key":"counterspace-threats","label":"Counter-Space Weapons and Anti-Satellite Threats","description":"Several speakers highlighted concrete threats such as anti-satellite missiles, destructive direct-ascent ASAT tests, jamming, spoofing, and other counter-space capabilities. These were presented as urgent risks to stability, security and strategic predictability in space."}],"words":[{"text":"Because","start":9506.93,"end":9507.21},{"text":"of","start":9507.21,"end":9507.29},{"text":"this,","start":9507.29,"end":9507.69},{"text":"Russia","start":9507.69,"end":9508.05},{"text":"and","start":9508.05,"end":9508.25},{"text":"China","start":9508.25,"end":9508.57},{"text":"seek","start":9508.57,"end":9508.89},{"text":"to","start":9508.89,"end":9509.01},{"text":"criticize","start":9509.01,"end":9509.53},{"text":"the","start":9509.53,"end":9509.61},{"text":"United","start":9509.61,"end":9509.93},{"text":"States","start":9509.93,"end":9510.41},{"text":"as","start":9510.41,"end":9510.57},{"text":"a","start":9510.57,"end":9510.61},{"text":"way","start":9510.61,"end":9510.89},{"text":"to","start":9510.89,"end":9511.01},{"text":"deflect","start":9511.01,"end":9511.77},{"text":"any","start":9512.09,"end":9512.25},{"text":"attention","start":9512.25,"end":9512.97},{"text":"to","start":9512.97,"end":9513.09},{"text":"their","start":9513.09,"end":9513.21},{"text":"development,","start":9513.21,"end":9513.93},{"text":"testing,","start":9514.25,"end":9514.81},{"text":"and","start":9517.13,"end":9517.89},{"text":"working","start":9522.09,"end":9522.65},{"text":"on","start":9522.65,"end":9523.05},{"text":"anti-satellite","start":9523.21,"end":9524.01},{"text":"weapons.","start":9524.01,"end":9524.57}]},{"text":"They falsely attempt to gain legitimacy by calling for prohibitions on the placement of weapons in space by equipping and training their military forces to fight wars in outer space.","start":9525.37,"end":9536.73,"topics":[{"key":"binding-space-instrument","label":"Legally Binding Space Security Instrument","description":"A major theme was the call for negotiations on a universal, multilaterally negotiated and verifiable legal instrument to prohibit weapons in outer space and attacks against space objects. Several speakers argued that voluntary measures cannot replace binding obligations."},{"key":"outer-space-paros","label":"Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space must remain a peaceful domain and warned against its weaponization or transformation into a theatre of conflict. They framed preventing an arms race in outer space as a core international security objective."}],"words":[{"text":"They","start":9525.37,"end":9525.45},{"text":"falsely","start":9525.45,"end":9525.93},{"text":"attempt","start":9525.93,"end":9526.41},{"text":"to","start":9526.49,"end":9526.65},{"text":"gain","start":9526.65,"end":9527.05},{"text":"legitimacy","start":9527.05,"end":9528.01},{"text":"by","start":9528.01,"end":9528.17},{"text":"calling","start":9528.17,"end":9528.65},{"text":"for","start":9528.65,"end":9528.81},{"text":"prohibitions","start":9528.81,"end":9529.77},{"text":"on","start":9529.85,"end":9529.97},{"text":"the","start":9529.97,"end":9530.05},{"text":"placement","start":9530.05,"end":9530.73},{"text":"of","start":9530.89,"end":9531.05},{"text":"weapons","start":9531.05,"end":9531.49},{"text":"in","start":9531.49,"end":9531.61},{"text":"space","start":9531.61,"end":9532.01},{"text":"by","start":9532.01,"end":9532.21},{"text":"equipping","start":9532.21,"end":9532.81},{"text":"and","start":9532.81,"end":9532.97},{"text":"training","start":9532.97,"end":9533.45},{"text":"their","start":9533.45,"end":9533.61},{"text":"military","start":9533.61,"end":9534.09},{"text":"forces","start":9534.09,"end":9534.65},{"text":"to","start":9534.65,"end":9534.81},{"text":"fight","start":9534.81,"end":9535.13},{"text":"wars","start":9535.13,"end":9535.69},{"text":"in","start":9535.69,"end":9535.93},{"text":"outer","start":9535.93,"end":9536.17},{"text":"space.","start":9536.17,"end":9536.73}]},{"text":"And speaking of transparency, we call on Russia and China to be transparent about the weapons that they have already placed in outer space.","start":9537.37,"end":9545.85,"topics":[{"key":"counterspace-threats","label":"Counter-Space Weapons and Anti-Satellite Threats","description":"Several speakers highlighted concrete threats such as anti-satellite missiles, destructive direct-ascent ASAT tests, jamming, spoofing, and other counter-space capabilities. 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These were presented as urgent risks to stability, security and strategic predictability in space."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":9554.73,"end":9554.77},{"text":"is","start":9554.77,"end":9554.85},{"text":"simply","start":9554.85,"end":9555.21},{"text":"an","start":9555.21,"end":9555.29},{"text":"attempt,","start":9555.29,"end":9555.85},{"text":"which","start":9555.97,"end":9556.29},{"text":"has","start":9556.29,"end":9556.41},{"text":"been","start":9556.41,"end":9556.57},{"text":"going","start":9556.57,"end":9556.89},{"text":"on","start":9556.89,"end":9557.13},{"text":"since","start":9557.13,"end":9557.33},{"text":"the","start":9557.33,"end":9557.41},{"text":"1980s,","start":9557.41,"end":9558.25},{"text":"to","start":9558.49,"end":9558.65},{"text":"leave","start":9558.65,"end":9558.97},{"text":"countries","start":9558.97,"end":9559.41},{"text":"defenseless","start":9559.41,"end":9560.09},{"text":"to","start":9560.09,"end":9560.21},{"text":"their","start":9560.21,"end":9560.33},{"text":"ballistic","start":9560.33,"end":9560.77},{"text":"missiles.","start":9560.77,"end":9561.37}]},{"text":"Finally, as we discuss ways to reduce the risk of conflict in space, I would note that Russia cannot even bring itself to acknowledge that there are two resolutions that form the foundation of the OEWG.","start":9562.17,"end":9575.13,"topics":[{"key":"responsible-behavior-norms","label":"Norms, Rules and Confidence-Building Measures","description":"Numerous statements supported developing norms, rules, principles of responsible behaviour, and transparency and confidence-building measures to reduce mistrust, miscalculation and escalation. 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reality.","start":9649.29,"end":9651.65,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"These","start":9649.29,"end":9649.49},{"text":"insinuations","start":9649.49,"end":9650.37},{"text":"have","start":9650.37,"end":9650.49},{"text":"nothing","start":9650.49,"end":9650.81},{"text":"to","start":9650.81,"end":9650.89},{"text":"do","start":9650.89,"end":9651.01},{"text":"with","start":9651.01,"end":9651.13},{"text":"the","start":9651.13,"end":9651.21},{"text":"reality.","start":9651.21,"end":9651.65}]},{"text":"They are part of a propaganda campaign by Western countries aimed at discrediting peaceful space activity of Russia and our initiatives to prevent an arms race in outer space.","start":9651.65,"end":9662.41,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-paros","label":"Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space must remain a peaceful domain and warned against its weaponization or transformation into a theatre of conflict. They framed preventing an arms race in outer space as a core international security objective."}],"words":[{"text":"They","start":9651.65,"end":9651.77},{"text":"are","start":9651.77,"end":9651.93},{"text":"part","start":9651.93,"end":9652.13},{"text":"of","start":9652.13,"end":9652.25},{"text":"a","start":9652.25,"end":9652.33},{"text":"propaganda","start":9652.33,"end":9653.05},{"text":"campaign","start":9653.05,"end":9653.53},{"text":"by","start":9653.53,"end":9653.69},{"text":"Western","start":9653.69,"end":9654.09},{"text":"countries","start":9654.09,"end":9654.49},{"text":"aimed","start":9654.49,"end":9654.77},{"text":"at","start":9654.77,"end":9654.85},{"text":"discrediting","start":9654.85,"end":9655.77},{"text":"peaceful","start":9656.33,"end":9656.97},{"text":"space","start":9656.97,"end":9657.37},{"text":"activity","start":9657.37,"end":9657.89},{"text":"of","start":9657.89,"end":9658.09},{"text":"Russia","start":9658.09,"end":9658.49},{"text":"and","start":9658.81,"end":9659.09},{"text":"our","start":9659.09,"end":9659.21},{"text":"initiatives","start":9659.21,"end":9659.85},{"text":"to","start":9659.85,"end":9660.01},{"text":"prevent","start":9660.01,"end":9660.57},{"text":"an","start":9660.57,"end":9660.65},{"text":"arms","start":9660.65,"end":9660.89},{"text":"race","start":9660.89,"end":9661.29},{"text":"in","start":9661.29,"end":9661.53},{"text":"outer","start":9661.53,"end":9661.77},{"text":"space.","start":9661.77,"end":9662.41}]},{"text":"The steps of our country in research and development of space are conducted in accordance with international commitments, exclusively for peaceful purposes, and do not threaten other states.","start":9662.85,"end":9675.21,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-paros","label":"Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space must remain a peaceful domain and warned against its weaponization or transformation into a theatre of conflict. 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Several speakers argued that voluntary measures cannot replace binding obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"Placing","start":9692.53,"end":9693.09},{"text":"these","start":9693.09,"end":9693.25},{"text":"kinds","start":9693.25,"end":9693.49},{"text":"of","start":9693.49,"end":9693.57},{"text":"weapons","start":9693.57,"end":9694.05},{"text":"in","start":9694.05,"end":9694.37},{"text":"space","start":9694.37,"end":9695.09},{"text":"in","start":9695.09,"end":9695.21},{"text":"any","start":9695.37,"end":9695.81},{"text":"other","start":9695.81,"end":9696.01},{"text":"way","start":9696.01,"end":9696.17},{"text":"is","start":9696.17,"end":9696.33},{"text":"also","start":9696.33,"end":9696.57},{"text":"prohibited.","start":9696.57,"end":9697.05}]},{"text":"The Russian Federation has strictly adhered to this provision.","start":9697.05,"end":9700.21,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-law","label":"International Law and the Outer Space Treaty","description":"Delegations repeatedly referred to the 1967 Outer Space Treaty, the UN Charter, and in some cases international humanitarian law, as the foundation of space governance. 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Speakers emphasized compliance with existing law while some also called for the legal framework to be updated or strengthened."}],"words":[{"text":"There","start":9700.45,"end":9700.69},{"text":"are","start":9700.69,"end":9700.77},{"text":"no","start":9700.77,"end":9701.33},{"text":"The","start":9705.13,"end":9705.17},{"text":"treaty","start":9705.37,"end":9705.93},{"text":"on","start":9705.93,"end":9706.09},{"text":"space","start":9706.09,"end":9706.41},{"text":"does","start":9706.41,"end":9706.57},{"text":"not","start":9706.57,"end":9706.73},{"text":"require","start":9706.73,"end":9707.13},{"text":"any","start":9707.13,"end":9707.33},{"text":"confirmation","start":9707.33,"end":9708.33},{"text":"as","start":9708.69,"end":9708.89},{"text":"far","start":9709.21,"end":9709.49},{"text":"as","start":9709.49,"end":9709.85},{"text":"any","start":9710.49,"end":9710.69},{"text":"kind","start":9710.69,"end":9710.93},{"text":"of","start":9710.93,"end":9711.13},{"text":"revision","start":9711.13,"end":9711.69},{"text":"of","start":9711.73,"end":9711.89},{"text":"this","start":9711.89,"end":9712.33},{"text":"treaty.","start":9712.89,"end":9713.21}]},{"text":"We consider it unacceptable.","start":9713.21,"end":9715.05,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":9713.21,"end":9713.45},{"text":"consider","start":9713.45,"end":9714.01},{"text":"it","start":9714.01,"end":9714.09},{"text":"unacceptable.","start":9714.17,"end":9715.05}]},{"text":"Our country has for years been active in ensuring that space remains an open area and free of weapons or free of any kind of military confrontation.","start":9715.29,"end":9725.29,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-paros","label":"Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space must remain a peaceful domain and warned against its weaponization or transformation into a theatre of conflict. They framed preventing an arms race in outer space as a core international security objective."}],"words":[{"text":"Our","start":9715.29,"end":9715.53},{"text":"country","start":9715.53,"end":9716.17},{"text":"has","start":9716.17,"end":9716.65},{"text":"for","start":9717.13,"end":9717.37},{"text":"years","start":9717.37,"end":9717.89},{"text":"been","start":9717.89,"end":9718.09},{"text":"active","start":9718.09,"end":9718.37},{"text":"in","start":9718.37,"end":9718.57},{"text":"ensuring","start":9718.57,"end":9718.97},{"text":"that","start":9718.97,"end":9719.13},{"text":"space","start":9719.13,"end":9719.77},{"text":"remains","start":9719.77,"end":9720.29},{"text":"an","start":9720.29,"end":9720.41},{"text":"open","start":9720.41,"end":9720.97},{"text":"area","start":9721.37,"end":9721.73},{"text":"and","start":9721.73,"end":9721.97},{"text":"free","start":9722.01,"end":9722.29},{"text":"of","start":9722.29,"end":9722.41},{"text":"weapons","start":9722.41,"end":9722.89},{"text":"or","start":9722.89,"end":9723.21},{"text":"free","start":9723.29,"end":9723.53},{"text":"of","start":9723.53,"end":9723.61},{"text":"any","start":9723.61,"end":9723.81},{"text":"kind","start":9723.81,"end":9724.05},{"text":"of","start":9724.05,"end":9724.17},{"text":"military","start":9724.17,"end":9724.57},{"text":"confrontation.","start":9724.57,"end":9725.29}]},{"text":"Russia has consistently proposed to UN member states to adopt a legally binding treaty on non-placing weapons of any kind in outer space and also the non-use of force or the threat of the use of force with regard to space objects or their use.","start":9725.29,"end":9742.49,"topics":[{"key":"binding-space-instrument","label":"Legally Binding Space Security Instrument","description":"A major theme was the call for negotiations on a universal, multilaterally negotiated and verifiable legal instrument to prohibit weapons in outer space and attacks against space objects. Several speakers argued that voluntary measures cannot replace binding obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"Russia","start":9725.29,"end":9725.65},{"text":"has","start":9725.65,"end":9725.85},{"text":"consistently","start":9726.17,"end":9727.05},{"text":"proposed","start":9727.37,"end":9727.89},{"text":"to","start":9727.89,"end":9728.05},{"text":"UN","start":9728.05,"end":9728.81},{"text":"member","start":9728.97,"end":9729.25},{"text":"states","start":9729.25,"end":9729.73},{"text":"to","start":9729.73,"end":9729.85},{"text":"adopt","start":9729.85,"end":9730.29},{"text":"a","start":9730.29,"end":9730.33},{"text":"legally","start":9730.33,"end":9730.73},{"text":"binding","start":9730.73,"end":9731.45},{"text":"treaty","start":9731.53,"end":9731.77},{"text":"on","start":9731.77,"end":9732.21},{"text":"non-placing","start":9732.21,"end":9732.97},{"text":"weapons","start":9732.97,"end":9733.37},{"text":"of","start":9733.37,"end":9733.45},{"text":"any","start":9733.45,"end":9733.65},{"text":"kind","start":9733.65,"end":9733.93},{"text":"in","start":9733.93,"end":9734.09},{"text":"outer","start":9734.09,"end":9734.33},{"text":"space","start":9734.33,"end":9734.61},{"text":"and","start":9734.61,"end":9734.73},{"text":"also","start":9734.73,"end":9734.93},{"text":"the","start":9735.13,"end":9735.21},{"text":"non-use","start":9735.21,"end":9735.73},{"text":"of","start":9735.73,"end":9735.85},{"text":"force","start":9735.85,"end":9736.25},{"text":"or","start":9736.49,"end":9736.65},{"text":"the","start":9736.65,"end":9736.81},{"text":"threat","start":9736.81,"end":9737.25},{"text":"of","start":9737.25,"end":9737.33},{"text":"the","start":9737.33,"end":9737.45},{"text":"use","start":9737.45,"end":9737.61},{"text":"of","start":9737.61,"end":9737.69},{"text":"force","start":9737.69,"end":9738.17},{"text":"with","start":9738.17,"end":9738.33},{"text":"regard","start":9738.33,"end":9738.89},{"text":"to","start":9738.97,"end":9739.21},{"text":"space","start":9739.21,"end":9739.85},{"text":"objects","start":9741.17,"end":9741.69},{"text":"or","start":9741.69,"end":9741.85},{"text":"their","start":9741.85,"end":9742.09},{"text":"use.","start":9742.09,"end":9742.49}]},{"text":"Every year, we introduce a resolution in the First Committee of the General Assembly on a draft on the space issues.","start":9744.33,"end":9751.93,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Every","start":9744.33,"end":9744.73},{"text":"year,","start":9744.73,"end":9744.97},{"text":"we","start":9744.97,"end":9745.53},{"text":"introduce","start":9745.61,"end":9746.33},{"text":"a","start":9746.33,"end":9746.37},{"text":"resolution","start":9746.37,"end":9746.93},{"text":"in","start":9746.93,"end":9747.01},{"text":"the","start":9747.01,"end":9747.13},{"text":"First","start":9747.13,"end":9747.69},{"text":"Committee","start":9747.69,"end":9748.17},{"text":"of","start":9748.17,"end":9748.25},{"text":"the","start":9748.25,"end":9748.33},{"text":"General","start":9748.33,"end":9748.65},{"text":"Assembly","start":9748.65,"end":9749.13},{"text":"on","start":9749.57,"end":9749.69},{"text":"a","start":9750.09,"end":9750.13},{"text":"draft","start":9750.13,"end":9750.57},{"text":"on","start":9750.57,"end":9750.89},{"text":"the","start":9750.89,"end":9750.97},{"text":"space","start":9750.97,"end":9751.45},{"text":"issues.","start":9751.45,"end":9751.93}]},{"text":"I want to recall our proposal to UN member states to join the international initiative on not being the first to place weapons into space.","start":9751.93,"end":9761.69,"topics":[{"key":"responsible-behavior-norms","label":"Norms, Rules and Confidence-Building Measures","description":"Numerous statements supported developing norms, rules, principles of responsible behaviour, and transparency and confidence-building measures to reduce mistrust, miscalculation and escalation. Views differed on emphasis, but many saw these measures as complementary to future legal commitments."},{"key":"binding-space-instrument","label":"Legally Binding Space Security Instrument","description":"A major theme was the call for negotiations on a universal, multilaterally negotiated and verifiable legal instrument to prohibit weapons in outer space and attacks against space objects. Several speakers argued that voluntary measures cannot replace binding obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"I","start":9751.93,"end":9751.97},{"text":"want","start":9751.97,"end":9752.17},{"text":"to","start":9752.17,"end":9752.25},{"text":"recall","start":9752.25,"end":9752.73},{"text":"our","start":9752.97,"end":9753.13},{"text":"proposal","start":9753.13,"end":9753.77},{"text":"to","start":9753.77,"end":9753.97},{"text":"UN","start":9753.97,"end":9754.41},{"text":"member","start":9754.41,"end":9754.73},{"text":"states","start":9754.73,"end":9755.13},{"text":"to","start":9755.13,"end":9755.37},{"text":"join","start":9755.45,"end":9755.85},{"text":"the","start":9755.85,"end":9755.93},{"text":"international","start":9755.93,"end":9756.65},{"text":"initiative","start":9757.85,"end":9758.57},{"text":"on","start":9758.57,"end":9759.01},{"text":"not","start":9759.01,"end":9759.21},{"text":"being","start":9759.21,"end":9759.45},{"text":"the","start":9759.45,"end":9759.53},{"text":"first","start":9759.53,"end":9759.97},{"text":"to","start":9759.97,"end":9760.09},{"text":"place","start":9760.09,"end":9760.65},{"text":"weapons","start":9760.65,"end":9761.05},{"text":"into","start":9761.05,"end":9761.21},{"text":"space.","start":9761.21,"end":9761.69}]},{"text":"The list of participants in this initiative is 37.","start":9761.69,"end":9764.93,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":9761.69,"end":9761.81},{"text":"list","start":9761.81,"end":9762.21},{"text":"of","start":9762.21,"end":9762.41},{"text":"participants","start":9762.41,"end":9763.53},{"text":"in","start":9763.53,"end":9763.77},{"text":"this","start":9763.77,"end":9764.01},{"text":"initiative","start":9764.01,"end":9764.45},{"text":"is","start":9764.45,"end":9764.57},{"text":"37.","start":9764.57,"end":9764.93}]},{"text":"It is aimed to uphold international peace, ensure indivisible security for all, as well as the security and predictability of states in conducting research and peaceful use of space and maintaining it for the benefit of all humanity.","start":9765.21,"end":9782.77,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-paros","label":"Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space must remain a peaceful domain and warned against its weaponization or transformation into a theatre of conflict. They framed preventing an arms race in outer space as a core international security objective."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":9765.21,"end":9765.37},{"text":"is","start":9765.93,"end":9766.25},{"text":"aimed","start":9766.25,"end":9766.57},{"text":"to","start":9766.57,"end":9766.81},{"text":"uphold","start":9767.37,"end":9767.85},{"text":"international","start":9767.85,"end":9768.93},{"text":"peace,","start":9768.93,"end":9769.29},{"text":"ensure","start":9769.29,"end":9770.09},{"text":"indivisible","start":9770.09,"end":9771.21},{"text":"security","start":9771.21,"end":9772.09},{"text":"for","start":9772.09,"end":9772.33},{"text":"all,","start":9772.33,"end":9772.89},{"text":"as","start":9773.17,"end":9773.29},{"text":"well","start":9773.29,"end":9773.65},{"text":"as","start":9773.65,"end":9773.93},{"text":"the","start":9773.93,"end":9774.01},{"text":"security","start":9774.01,"end":9774.81},{"text":"and","start":9774.81,"end":9774.97},{"text":"predictability","start":9774.97,"end":9775.65},{"text":"of","start":9775.65,"end":9775.77},{"text":"states","start":9775.77,"end":9776.17},{"text":"in","start":9776.17,"end":9776.65},{"text":"conducting","start":9776.89,"end":9777.45},{"text":"research","start":9777.45,"end":9778.01},{"text":"and","start":9778.01,"end":9778.21},{"text":"peaceful","start":9778.21,"end":9778.57},{"text":"use","start":9778.57,"end":9779.05},{"text":"of","start":9779.09,"end":9779.29},{"text":"space","start":9779.29,"end":9779.85},{"text":"and","start":9779.85,"end":9780.05},{"text":"maintaining","start":9780.05,"end":9780.65},{"text":"it","start":9780.65,"end":9781.13},{"text":"for","start":9781.37,"end":9781.53},{"text":"the","start":9781.53,"end":9781.61},{"text":"benefit","start":9781.61,"end":9782.01},{"text":"of","start":9782.01,"end":9782.09},{"text":"all","start":9782.09,"end":9782.25},{"text":"humanity.","start":9782.25,"end":9782.77}]},{"text":"Unfortunately, these goals are not shared by far from all states.","start":9782.77,"end":9787.61,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Unfortunately,","start":9782.77,"end":9783.37},{"text":"these","start":9783.37,"end":9783.85},{"text":"goals","start":9784.17,"end":9784.49},{"text":"are","start":9784.57,"end":9785.37},{"text":"not","start":9785.37,"end":9785.77},{"text":"shared","start":9785.85,"end":9786.25},{"text":"by","start":9786.33,"end":9786.57},{"text":"far","start":9786.57,"end":9786.81},{"text":"from","start":9786.81,"end":9787.05},{"text":"all","start":9787.05,"end":9787.21},{"text":"states.","start":9787.21,"end":9787.61}]},{"text":"We see increasing risks every year of converting space into a kind of platform for aggressive war.","start":9787.61,"end":9793.21,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-paros","label":"Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space must remain a peaceful domain and warned against its weaponization or transformation into a theatre of conflict. They framed preventing an arms race in outer space as a core international security objective."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":9787.61,"end":9787.93},{"text":"see","start":9787.93,"end":9788.33},{"text":"increasing","start":9788.33,"end":9788.81},{"text":"risks","start":9788.81,"end":9789.13},{"text":"every","start":9789.13,"end":9789.41},{"text":"year","start":9789.41,"end":9789.61},{"text":"of","start":9789.81,"end":9790.09},{"text":"converting","start":9790.09,"end":9790.65},{"text":"space","start":9790.65,"end":9791.05},{"text":"into","start":9791.05,"end":9791.33},{"text":"a","start":9791.33,"end":9791.37},{"text":"kind","start":9791.37,"end":9791.53},{"text":"of","start":9791.53,"end":9791.61},{"text":"platform","start":9791.61,"end":9792.25},{"text":"for","start":9792.25,"end":9792.45},{"text":"aggressive","start":9792.45,"end":9792.89},{"text":"war.","start":9792.89,"end":9793.21}]},{"text":"Western states are openly pursuing a policy of placing weapons into space, all with the goal of ensuring their domination and hegemony.","start":9793.53,"end":9805.05,"topics":[{"key":"counterspace-threats","label":"Counter-Space Weapons and Anti-Satellite Threats","description":"Several speakers highlighted concrete threats such as anti-satellite missiles, destructive direct-ascent ASAT tests, jamming, spoofing, and other counter-space capabilities. These were presented as urgent risks to stability, security and strategic predictability in space."},{"key":"outer-space-paros","label":"Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space must remain a peaceful domain and warned against its weaponization or transformation into a theatre of conflict. They framed preventing an arms race in outer space as a core international security objective."}],"words":[{"text":"Western","start":9793.53,"end":9794.01},{"text":"states","start":9794.01,"end":9794.45},{"text":"are","start":9794.45,"end":9794.57},{"text":"openly","start":9794.57,"end":9794.93},{"text":"pursuing","start":9795.77,"end":9796.65},{"text":"a","start":9798.49,"end":9798.57},{"text":"policy","start":9798.65,"end":9799.29},{"text":"of","start":9799.29,"end":9799.45},{"text":"placing","start":9799.53,"end":9800.17},{"text":"weapons","start":9800.25,"end":9800.65},{"text":"into","start":9800.65,"end":9800.85},{"text":"space,","start":9800.85,"end":9801.29},{"text":"all","start":9801.93,"end":9802.13},{"text":"with","start":9802.13,"end":9802.29},{"text":"the","start":9802.29,"end":9802.37},{"text":"goal","start":9802.37,"end":9802.69},{"text":"of","start":9802.69,"end":9802.85},{"text":"ensuring","start":9802.85,"end":9803.21},{"text":"their","start":9803.21,"end":9803.37},{"text":"domination","start":9803.37,"end":9804.17},{"text":"and","start":9804.17,"end":9804.33},{"text":"hegemony.","start":9804.33,"end":9805.05}]},{"text":"They are implementing large-scale programs and developing weapons aimed at using force or the threat of force in space or against space.","start":9805.21,"end":9814.73,"topics":[{"key":"counterspace-threats","label":"Counter-Space Weapons and Anti-Satellite Threats","description":"Several speakers highlighted concrete threats such as anti-satellite missiles, destructive direct-ascent ASAT tests, jamming, spoofing, and other counter-space capabilities. These were presented as urgent risks to stability, security and strategic predictability in space."},{"key":"outer-space-paros","label":"Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space must remain a peaceful domain and warned against its weaponization or transformation into a theatre of conflict. 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They framed preventing an arms race in outer space as a core international security objective."}],"words":[{"text":"First,","start":9930.05,"end":9930.37},{"text":"China","start":9930.37,"end":9930.57},{"text":"opposes","start":9930.57,"end":9931.17},{"text":"the","start":9931.57,"end":9931.65},{"text":"U.S.'s","start":9931.65,"end":9932.09},{"text":"attempt","start":9932.09,"end":9932.45},{"text":"to","start":9932.45,"end":9932.53},{"text":"project","start":9932.53,"end":9933.01},{"text":"its","start":9933.01,"end":9933.25},{"text":"own","start":9933.25,"end":9933.65},{"text":"hegemonic","start":9933.73,"end":9934.53},{"text":"mindset","start":9934.85,"end":9935.49},{"text":"under","start":9935.49,"end":9935.69},{"text":"China","start":9935.69,"end":9936.01},{"text":"in","start":9936.01,"end":9936.09},{"text":"the","start":9936.09,"end":9936.17},{"text":"pursuit","start":9936.17,"end":9936.57},{"text":"of","start":9936.57,"end":9936.69},{"text":"dominance","start":9936.69,"end":9937.17},{"text":"in","start":9937.17,"end":9937.25},{"text":"outer","start":9937.25,"end":9937.49},{"text":"space.","start":9937.49,"end":9937.81}]},{"text":"China is not the U.S., has never sought to dominate outer space as the U.S. does.","start":9937.81,"end":9942.05,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-paros","label":"Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space must remain a peaceful domain and warned against its weaponization or transformation into a theatre of conflict. 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They framed preventing an arms race in outer space as a core international security objective."}],"words":[{"text":"China","start":9942.81,"end":9943.01},{"text":"has","start":9943.01,"end":9943.21},{"text":"neither","start":9943.21,"end":9943.57},{"text":"a","start":9943.57,"end":9943.61},{"text":"military","start":9943.61,"end":9943.93},{"text":"strategy","start":9943.93,"end":9944.41},{"text":"or","start":9944.41,"end":9944.49},{"text":"plan","start":9944.49,"end":9944.81},{"text":"to","start":9944.81,"end":9944.89},{"text":"dominate","start":9944.89,"end":9945.37},{"text":"outer","start":9945.45,"end":9945.69},{"text":"space","start":9945.69,"end":9946.01},{"text":"or","start":9946.01,"end":9946.09},{"text":"now","start":9946.09,"end":9946.21},{"text":"engage","start":9946.21,"end":9946.65},{"text":"in","start":9946.65,"end":9946.81},{"text":"any","start":9946.81,"end":9946.97},{"text":"arms","start":9946.97,"end":9947.17},{"text":"space","start":9947.17,"end":9947.61},{"text":"in","start":9947.61,"end":9948.01},{"text":"outer","start":9948.01,"end":9948.25},{"text":"--","start":9948.73,"end":9948.77},{"text":"arms","start":9948.81,"end":9949.13},{"text":"race","start":9949.13,"end":9949.37},{"text":"in","start":9949.37,"end":9949.45},{"text":"outer","start":9949.45,"end":9949.69},{"text":"space.","start":9949.69,"end":9950.09}]},{"text":"China's commitment to the peaceful use of outer space and its position in favor of Paris and the weaponization of outer space remain unchanged.","start":9950.45,"end":9957.05,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-paros","label":"Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space must remain a peaceful domain and warned against its weaponization or transformation into a theatre of conflict. They framed preventing an arms race in outer space as a core international security objective."}],"words":[{"text":"China's","start":9950.45,"end":9950.77},{"text":"commitment","start":9950.77,"end":9951.17},{"text":"to","start":9951.17,"end":9951.25},{"text":"the","start":9951.25,"end":9951.37},{"text":"peaceful","start":9951.37,"end":9951.69},{"text":"use","start":9951.69,"end":9951.85},{"text":"of","start":9951.85,"end":9952.01},{"text":"outer","start":9952.01,"end":9952.21},{"text":"space","start":9952.21,"end":9952.65},{"text":"and","start":9952.65,"end":9952.81},{"text":"its","start":9952.81,"end":9952.93},{"text":"position","start":9952.93,"end":9953.33},{"text":"in","start":9953.33,"end":9953.45},{"text":"favor","start":9953.45,"end":9953.73},{"text":"of","start":9953.73,"end":9953.93},{"text":"Paris","start":9954.09,"end":9954.53},{"text":"and","start":9954.53,"end":9954.65},{"text":"the","start":9954.65,"end":9954.73},{"text":"weaponization","start":9954.73,"end":9955.53},{"text":"of","start":9955.53,"end":9955.65},{"text":"outer","start":9955.65,"end":9955.81},{"text":"space","start":9955.81,"end":9956.17},{"text":"remain","start":9956.17,"end":9956.49},{"text":"unchanged.","start":9956.49,"end":9957.05}]},{"text":"By fabricating false narratives and falsely alleging that China, Russia are weaponizing outer space, the U.S. is simply seeking to justify its massive expansion of combat-oriented space capabilities and its pursuit of hegemony in outer space while diverting international attention.","start":9957.45,"end":9972.01,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-paros","label":"Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space must remain a peaceful domain and warned against its weaponization or transformation into a theatre of conflict. They framed preventing an arms race in outer space as a core international security objective."},{"key":"counterspace-threats","label":"Counter-Space Weapons and Anti-Satellite Threats","description":"Several speakers highlighted concrete threats such as anti-satellite missiles, destructive direct-ascent ASAT tests, jamming, spoofing, and other counter-space capabilities. These were presented as urgent risks to stability, security and strategic predictability in space."}],"words":[{"text":"By","start":9957.45,"end":9957.61},{"text":"fabricating","start":9957.61,"end":9958.17},{"text":"false","start":9958.17,"end":9958.41},{"text":"narratives","start":9958.41,"end":9958.89},{"text":"and","start":9958.89,"end":9959.01},{"text":"falsely","start":9959.01,"end":9959.37},{"text":"alleging","start":9959.37,"end":9960.29},{"text":"that","start":9960.29,"end":9960.53},{"text":"China,","start":9960.53,"end":9960.73},{"text":"Russia","start":9960.73,"end":9961.21},{"text":"are","start":9961.53,"end":9961.61},{"text":"weaponizing","start":9961.61,"end":9962.21},{"text":"outer","start":9962.21,"end":9962.45},{"text":"space,","start":9962.45,"end":9962.81},{"text":"the","start":9962.81,"end":9962.89},{"text":"U.S.","start":9962.89,"end":9963.37},{"text":"is","start":9963.45,"end":9963.57},{"text":"simply","start":9963.57,"end":9963.93},{"text":"seeking","start":9963.93,"end":9964.33},{"text":"to","start":9964.33,"end":9964.41},{"text":"justify","start":9964.41,"end":9964.97},{"text":"its","start":9964.97,"end":9965.13},{"text":"massive","start":9965.13,"end":9965.53},{"text":"expansion","start":9965.53,"end":9966.05},{"text":"of","start":9966.05,"end":9966.17},{"text":"combat-oriented","start":9966.17,"end":9966.97},{"text":"space","start":9966.97,"end":9967.29},{"text":"capabilities","start":9967.61,"end":9968.33},{"text":"and","start":9968.57,"end":9968.73},{"text":"its","start":9968.73,"end":9968.85},{"text":"pursuit","start":9968.85,"end":9969.17},{"text":"of","start":9969.17,"end":9969.29},{"text":"hegemony","start":9969.29,"end":9969.73},{"text":"in","start":9969.73,"end":9969.81},{"text":"outer","start":9969.81,"end":9970.01},{"text":"space","start":9970.01,"end":9970.33},{"text":"while","start":9970.33,"end":9970.49},{"text":"diverting","start":9970.49,"end":9971.05},{"text":"international","start":9971.05,"end":9971.57},{"text":"attention.","start":9971.57,"end":9972.01}]},{"text":"Secondly, the US is the foremost driver of the weaponization of outer space and arms race in the domain.","start":9972.61,"end":9977.45,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-paros","label":"Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space must remain a peaceful domain and warned against its weaponization or transformation into a theatre of conflict. They framed preventing an arms race in outer space as a core international security objective."}],"words":[{"text":"Secondly,","start":9972.61,"end":9972.93},{"text":"the","start":9972.93,"end":9973.01},{"text":"US","start":9973.01,"end":9973.13},{"text":"is","start":9973.13,"end":9973.29},{"text":"the","start":9973.29,"end":9973.37},{"text":"foremost","start":9973.37,"end":9973.89},{"text":"driver","start":9973.89,"end":9974.29},{"text":"of","start":9974.29,"end":9974.41},{"text":"the","start":9974.41,"end":9974.57},{"text":"weaponization","start":9974.57,"end":9975.33},{"text":"of","start":9975.33,"end":9975.45},{"text":"outer","start":9975.45,"end":9975.69},{"text":"space","start":9975.69,"end":9976.05},{"text":"and","start":9976.05,"end":9976.25},{"text":"arms","start":9976.25,"end":9976.49},{"text":"race","start":9976.49,"end":9976.73},{"text":"in","start":9976.73,"end":9976.85},{"text":"the","start":9976.85,"end":9976.93},{"text":"domain.","start":9976.93,"end":9977.45}]},{"text":"The US colleague touched on confident transparency.","start":9978.73,"end":9981.89,"topics":[{"key":"responsible-behavior-norms","label":"Norms, Rules and Confidence-Building Measures","description":"Numerous statements supported developing norms, rules, principles of responsible behaviour, and transparency and confidence-building measures to reduce mistrust, miscalculation and escalation. Views differed on emphasis, but many saw these measures as complementary to future legal commitments."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":9978.73,"end":9978.93},{"text":"US","start":9978.97,"end":9979.21},{"text":"colleague","start":9979.69,"end":9980.01},{"text":"touched","start":9980.01,"end":9980.33},{"text":"on","start":9980.33,"end":9980.49},{"text":"confident","start":9980.65,"end":9981.17},{"text":"transparency.","start":9981.17,"end":9981.89}]},{"text":"Let's look at how transparent the US is.","start":9981.89,"end":9983.85,"topics":[{"key":"responsible-behavior-norms","label":"Norms, Rules and Confidence-Building Measures","description":"Numerous statements supported developing norms, rules, principles of responsible behaviour, and transparency and confidence-building measures to reduce mistrust, miscalculation and escalation. Views differed on emphasis, but many saw these measures as complementary to future legal commitments."}],"words":[{"text":"Let's","start":9981.89,"end":9982.17},{"text":"look","start":9982.17,"end":9982.37},{"text":"at","start":9982.37,"end":9982.49},{"text":"how","start":9982.49,"end":9982.65},{"text":"transparent","start":9982.65,"end":9983.17},{"text":"the","start":9983.17,"end":9983.33},{"text":"US","start":9983.33,"end":9983.53},{"text":"is.","start":9983.53,"end":9983.85}]},{"text":"The U.S. has openly designated outer space as an operational domain, publicly announced its plans to advance the Golden Dome missile defense program, and deploy interceptors in outer space, openly declared that it has deployed space control weapons in orbit, even threatened to win a war in the cislunar space.","start":9984.77,"end":10001.93,"topics":[{"key":"counterspace-threats","label":"Counter-Space Weapons and Anti-Satellite Threats","description":"Several speakers highlighted concrete threats such as anti-satellite missiles, destructive direct-ascent ASAT tests, jamming, spoofing, and other counter-space capabilities. These were presented as urgent risks to stability, security and strategic predictability in space."},{"key":"outer-space-paros","label":"Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space must remain a peaceful domain and warned against its weaponization or transformation into a theatre of conflict. They framed preventing an arms race in outer space as a core international security objective."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":9984.77,"end":9984.81},{"text":"U.S.","start":9984.81,"end":9985.17},{"text":"has","start":9985.17,"end":9985.29},{"text":"openly","start":9985.29,"end":9985.61},{"text":"designated","start":9985.61,"end":9986.33},{"text":"outer","start":9986.33,"end":9986.57},{"text":"space","start":9986.57,"end":9986.97},{"text":"as","start":9986.97,"end":9987.29},{"text":"an","start":9987.33,"end":9987.61},{"text":"operational","start":9988.49,"end":9989.05},{"text":"domain,","start":9989.05,"end":9989.45},{"text":"publicly","start":9989.45,"end":9989.81},{"text":"announced","start":9989.81,"end":9990.17},{"text":"its","start":9990.17,"end":9990.33},{"text":"plans","start":9990.33,"end":9990.69},{"text":"to","start":9990.69,"end":9990.77},{"text":"advance","start":9990.77,"end":9991.05},{"text":"the","start":9991.05,"end":9991.17},{"text":"Golden","start":9991.17,"end":9991.49},{"text":"Dome","start":9991.49,"end":9991.73},{"text":"missile","start":9991.73,"end":9992.09},{"text":"defense","start":9992.09,"end":9992.41},{"text":"program,","start":9992.41,"end":9992.97},{"text":"and","start":9993.21,"end":9993.37},{"text":"deploy","start":9993.37,"end":9993.65},{"text":"interceptors","start":9993.65,"end":9994.29},{"text":"in","start":9994.29,"end":9994.41},{"text":"outer","start":9994.41,"end":9994.65},{"text":"space,","start":9994.65,"end":9995.01},{"text":"openly","start":9995.01,"end":9995.29},{"text":"declared","start":9995.29,"end":9995.73},{"text":"that","start":9995.73,"end":9995.85},{"text":"it","start":9995.85,"end":9995.93},{"text":"has","start":9995.93,"end":9996.09},{"text":"deployed","start":9996.09,"end":9996.57},{"text":"space","start":9996.57,"end":9996.89},{"text":"control","start":9996.89,"end":9997.21},{"text":"weapons","start":9997.21,"end":9997.61},{"text":"in","start":9997.61,"end":9997.77},{"text":"orbit,","start":9997.77,"end":9998.25},{"text":"even","start":9998.61,"end":9998.85},{"text":"threatened","start":9998.85,"end":9999.25},{"text":"to","start":9999.25,"end":9999.33},{"text":"win","start":9999.33,"end":9999.53},{"text":"a","start":9999.53,"end":9999.57},{"text":"war","start":9999.57,"end":9999.85},{"text":"in","start":9999.85,"end":10000.01},{"text":"the","start":10000.01,"end":10000.17},{"text":"cislunar","start":10000.17,"end":10001.45},{"text":"space.","start":10001.45,"end":10001.93}]},{"text":"These actions by the U.S. in outer space undermine the longstanding international consensus on preventing the weaponization and militarization of outer space, set a dangerous precedent by being the first to deploy weapons in outer space, undermine global to do balance and stability and push international efforts to prevent arms race in outer space to the brink of collapse.","start":10002.17,"end":10020.17,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-paros","label":"Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space must remain a peaceful domain and warned against its weaponization or transformation into a theatre of conflict. They framed preventing an arms race in outer space as a core international security objective."}],"words":[{"text":"These","start":10002.17,"end":10002.41},{"text":"actions","start":10002.41,"end":10002.81},{"text":"by","start":10002.81,"end":10002.97},{"text":"the","start":10002.97,"end":10003.09},{"text":"U.S.","start":10003.09,"end":10003.45},{"text":"in","start":10003.45,"end":10003.61},{"text":"outer","start":10003.61,"end":10003.85},{"text":"space","start":10003.85,"end":10004.25},{"text":"undermine","start":10004.25,"end":10004.69},{"text":"the","start":10004.69,"end":10004.81},{"text":"longstanding","start":10004.81,"end":10005.33},{"text":"international","start":10005.33,"end":10005.85},{"text":"consensus","start":10005.85,"end":10006.41},{"text":"on","start":10006.41,"end":10006.49},{"text":"preventing","start":10006.49,"end":10007.01},{"text":"the","start":10007.01,"end":10007.13},{"text":"weaponization","start":10007.13,"end":10007.93},{"text":"and","start":10007.93,"end":10008.05},{"text":"militarization","start":10008.05,"end":10008.81},{"text":"of","start":10008.81,"end":10008.89},{"text":"outer","start":10008.89,"end":10009.13},{"text":"space,","start":10009.13,"end":10009.53},{"text":"set","start":10009.77,"end":10010.01},{"text":"a","start":10010.01,"end":10010.05},{"text":"dangerous","start":10010.05,"end":10010.41},{"text":"precedent","start":10010.41,"end":10011.05},{"text":"by","start":10011.37,"end":10011.49},{"text":"being","start":10011.49,"end":10011.65},{"text":"the","start":10011.65,"end":10011.73},{"text":"first","start":10011.73,"end":10011.97},{"text":"to","start":10011.97,"end":10012.05},{"text":"deploy","start":10012.05,"end":10012.49},{"text":"weapons","start":10012.49,"end":10012.93},{"text":"in","start":10012.93,"end":10013.05},{"text":"outer","start":10013.05,"end":10013.29},{"text":"space,","start":10013.29,"end":10013.69},{"text":"undermine","start":10013.69,"end":10014.09},{"text":"global","start":10014.09,"end":10014.61},{"text":"to","start":10014.69,"end":10014.73},{"text":"do","start":10014.73,"end":10014.89},{"text":"balance","start":10014.89,"end":10015.25},{"text":"and","start":10015.25,"end":10015.37},{"text":"stability","start":10015.37,"end":10015.89},{"text":"and","start":10015.89,"end":10016.01},{"text":"push","start":10016.01,"end":10016.25},{"text":"international","start":10016.25,"end":10016.77},{"text":"efforts","start":10016.77,"end":10017.05},{"text":"to","start":10017.05,"end":10017.13},{"text":"prevent","start":10017.13,"end":10017.53},{"text":"arms","start":10017.53,"end":10017.77},{"text":"race","start":10017.77,"end":10018.01},{"text":"in","start":10018.01,"end":10018.13},{"text":"outer","start":10018.13,"end":10018.37},{"text":"space","start":10018.37,"end":10018.81},{"text":"to","start":10018.97,"end":10019.13},{"text":"the","start":10019.13,"end":10019.21},{"text":"brink","start":10019.21,"end":10019.49},{"text":"of","start":10019.49,"end":10019.61},{"text":"collapse.","start":10019.61,"end":10020.17}]},{"text":"On the one hand, the U.S. claims that deploying such weapons in outer space does not violate existing international law.","start":10020.93,"end":10028.21,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-law","label":"International Law and the Outer Space Treaty","description":"Delegations repeatedly referred to the 1967 Outer Space Treaty, the UN Charter, and in some cases international humanitarian law, as the foundation of space governance. Speakers emphasized compliance with existing law while some also called for the legal framework to be updated or strengthened."},{"key":"binding-space-instrument","label":"Legally Binding Space Security Instrument","description":"A major theme was the call for negotiations on a universal, multilaterally negotiated and verifiable legal instrument to prohibit weapons in outer space and attacks against space objects. Several speakers argued that voluntary measures cannot replace binding obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"On","start":10020.93,"end":10021.01},{"text":"the","start":10021.01,"end":10021.13},{"text":"one","start":10021.13,"end":10021.29},{"text":"hand,","start":10021.29,"end":10021.77},{"text":"the","start":10022.17,"end":10022.33},{"text":"U.S.","start":10022.33,"end":10022.65},{"text":"claims","start":10022.65,"end":10023.05},{"text":"that","start":10023.05,"end":10023.77},{"text":"deploying","start":10024.01,"end":10024.65},{"text":"such","start":10024.65,"end":10024.89},{"text":"weapons","start":10024.89,"end":10025.29},{"text":"in","start":10025.29,"end":10025.37},{"text":"outer","start":10025.37,"end":10025.57},{"text":"space","start":10025.57,"end":10025.93},{"text":"does","start":10025.93,"end":10026.13},{"text":"not","start":10026.13,"end":10026.41},{"text":"violate","start":10026.57,"end":10026.97},{"text":"existing","start":10026.97,"end":10027.41},{"text":"international","start":10027.41,"end":10028.13},{"text":"law.","start":10028.13,"end":10028.21}]},{"text":"On the other hand, it has long obstructed negotiations on international legal instrument This lays bare the true motive of the U.S. to prevent its own development of space capabilities from being subject to substantive constraints under international law.","start":10028.21,"end":10041.53,"topics":[{"key":"binding-space-instrument","label":"Legally Binding Space Security Instrument","description":"A major theme was the call for negotiations on a universal, multilaterally negotiated and verifiable legal instrument to prohibit weapons in outer space and attacks against space objects. Several speakers argued that voluntary measures cannot replace binding obligations."},{"key":"outer-space-law","label":"International Law and the Outer Space Treaty","description":"Delegations repeatedly referred to the 1967 Outer Space Treaty, the UN Charter, and in some cases international humanitarian law, as the foundation of space governance. Speakers emphasized compliance with existing law while some also called for the legal framework to be updated or strengthened."}],"words":[{"text":"On","start":10028.21,"end":10028.33},{"text":"the","start":10028.33,"end":10028.45},{"text":"other","start":10028.45,"end":10028.61},{"text":"hand,","start":10028.61,"end":10028.89},{"text":"it","start":10028.89,"end":10029.09},{"text":"has","start":10029.09,"end":10029.29},{"text":"long","start":10029.29,"end":10029.49},{"text":"obstructed","start":10029.53,"end":10030.13},{"text":"negotiations","start":10030.13,"end":10030.97},{"text":"on","start":10031.21,"end":10031.37},{"text":"international","start":10031.37,"end":10031.93},{"text":"legal","start":10031.93,"end":10032.21},{"text":"instrument","start":10032.21,"end":10032.81},{"text":"This","start":10033.45,"end":10033.69},{"text":"lays","start":10033.69,"end":10034.09},{"text":"bare","start":10034.09,"end":10034.37},{"text":"the","start":10034.37,"end":10034.49},{"text":"true","start":10034.49,"end":10034.73},{"text":"motive","start":10034.73,"end":10035.09},{"text":"of","start":10035.09,"end":10035.17},{"text":"the","start":10035.17,"end":10035.25},{"text":"U.S.","start":10035.25,"end":10035.57},{"text":"to","start":10035.57,"end":10035.65},{"text":"prevent","start":10035.65,"end":10036.09},{"text":"its","start":10036.09,"end":10036.33},{"text":"own","start":10036.33,"end":10036.49},{"text":"development","start":10036.49,"end":10037.09},{"text":"of","start":10037.09,"end":10037.29},{"text":"space","start":10037.29,"end":10037.61},{"text":"capabilities","start":10037.61,"end":10038.33},{"text":"from","start":10038.33,"end":10038.57},{"text":"being","start":10038.57,"end":10038.73},{"text":"subject","start":10038.73,"end":10039.25},{"text":"to","start":10039.25,"end":10039.45},{"text":"substantive","start":10039.45,"end":10040.09},{"text":"constraints","start":10040.09,"end":10040.65},{"text":"under","start":10040.65,"end":10040.85},{"text":"international","start":10040.85,"end":10041.45},{"text":"law.","start":10041.45,"end":10041.53}]},{"text":"Third, the grave security situation in outer space today underscores the urgent need to negotiate a legal instrument arms controlling outer space.","start":10041.53,"end":10049.37,"topics":[{"key":"binding-space-instrument","label":"Legally Binding Space Security Instrument","description":"A major theme was the call for negotiations on a universal, multilaterally negotiated and verifiable legal instrument to prohibit weapons in outer space and attacks against space objects. Several speakers argued that voluntary measures cannot replace binding obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"Third,","start":10041.53,"end":10041.93},{"text":"the","start":10042.17,"end":10042.29},{"text":"grave","start":10042.33,"end":10042.57},{"text":"security","start":10042.57,"end":10043.09},{"text":"situation","start":10043.09,"end":10043.57},{"text":"in","start":10043.57,"end":10043.65},{"text":"outer","start":10043.65,"end":10043.81},{"text":"space","start":10043.81,"end":10044.01},{"text":"today","start":10044.01,"end":10044.41},{"text":"underscores","start":10044.41,"end":10044.97},{"text":"the","start":10044.97,"end":10045.09},{"text":"urgent","start":10045.13,"end":10045.49},{"text":"need","start":10045.49,"end":10045.85},{"text":"to","start":10046.09,"end":10046.17},{"text":"negotiate","start":10046.17,"end":10046.77},{"text":"a","start":10046.77,"end":10046.81},{"text":"legal","start":10046.81,"end":10047.09},{"text":"instrument","start":10047.09,"end":10047.77},{"text":"arms","start":10047.77,"end":10048.17},{"text":"controlling","start":10048.25,"end":10048.73},{"text":"outer","start":10048.73,"end":10048.97},{"text":"space.","start":10048.97,"end":10049.37}]},{"text":"Facts have shown that non-legally binding measures, such as so-called norms of responsible behavior, cannot fundamentally prevent arms race in outer space or its weaponization.","start":10049.61,"end":10058.89,"topics":[{"key":"binding-space-instrument","label":"Legally Binding Space Security Instrument","description":"A major theme was the call for negotiations on a universal, multilaterally negotiated and verifiable legal instrument to prohibit weapons in outer space and attacks against space objects. Several speakers argued that voluntary measures cannot replace binding obligations."},{"key":"responsible-behavior-norms","label":"Norms, Rules and Confidence-Building Measures","description":"Numerous statements supported developing norms, rules, principles of responsible behaviour, and transparency and confidence-building measures to reduce mistrust, miscalculation and escalation. Views differed on emphasis, but many saw these measures as complementary to future legal commitments."}],"words":[{"text":"Facts","start":10049.61,"end":10050.09},{"text":"have","start":10050.09,"end":10050.25},{"text":"shown","start":10050.25,"end":10050.57},{"text":"that","start":10050.57,"end":10050.69},{"text":"non-legally","start":10050.69,"end":10051.65},{"text":"binding","start":10051.65,"end":10052.05},{"text":"measures,","start":10052.05,"end":10052.49},{"text":"such","start":10052.49,"end":10052.69},{"text":"as","start":10052.69,"end":10052.81},{"text":"so-called","start":10052.81,"end":10053.17},{"text":"norms","start":10053.17,"end":10053.49},{"text":"of","start":10053.49,"end":10053.61},{"text":"responsible","start":10053.61,"end":10054.13},{"text":"behavior,","start":10054.13,"end":10054.65},{"text":"cannot","start":10054.97,"end":10055.25},{"text":"fundamentally","start":10055.25,"end":10055.93},{"text":"prevent","start":10055.93,"end":10056.41},{"text":"arms","start":10056.41,"end":10056.73},{"text":"race","start":10056.73,"end":10056.97},{"text":"in","start":10056.97,"end":10057.05},{"text":"outer","start":10057.05,"end":10057.25},{"text":"space","start":10057.25,"end":10057.61},{"text":"or","start":10057.61,"end":10057.73},{"text":"its","start":10057.73,"end":10057.93},{"text":"weaponization.","start":10057.93,"end":10058.89}]},{"text":"Launching negotiations on a legal instrument arms controlling outer space is more than ever.","start":10059.29,"end":10063.97,"topics":[{"key":"binding-space-instrument","label":"Legally Binding Space Security Instrument","description":"A major theme was the call for negotiations on a universal, multilaterally negotiated and verifiable legal instrument to prohibit weapons in outer space and attacks against space objects. Several speakers argued that voluntary measures cannot replace binding obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"Launching","start":10059.29,"end":10059.65},{"text":"negotiations","start":10059.65,"end":10060.37},{"text":"on","start":10060.37,"end":10060.53},{"text":"a","start":10060.53,"end":10060.57},{"text":"legal","start":10060.57,"end":10060.81},{"text":"instrument","start":10060.81,"end":10061.37},{"text":"arms","start":10061.37,"end":10061.69},{"text":"controlling","start":10061.69,"end":10062.13},{"text":"outer","start":10062.13,"end":10062.33},{"text":"space","start":10062.33,"end":10062.73},{"text":"is","start":10062.73,"end":10062.85},{"text":"more","start":10062.89,"end":10063.21},{"text":"than","start":10063.45,"end":10063.61},{"text":"ever.","start":10063.61,"end":10063.97}]},{"text":"We urge the U.S. to abandon its strategy of seeking dominance in outer space and its negative approach to arms control in this domain, and instead to work in earnest with the overwhelming majority of the international community to advance the process of arms control in outer space, prevent the weaponization of outer space and arms race in this domain, and safeguard lasting peace and tranquility in outer space.","start":10064.33,"end":10085.05,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-paros","label":"Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space must remain a peaceful domain and warned against its weaponization or transformation into a theatre of conflict. They framed preventing an arms race in outer space as a core international security objective."},{"key":"binding-space-instrument","label":"Legally Binding Space Security Instrument","description":"A major theme was the call for negotiations on a universal, multilaterally negotiated and verifiable legal instrument to prohibit weapons in outer space and attacks against space objects. 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They framed preventing an arms race in outer space as a core international security objective."},{"key":"binding-space-instrument","label":"Legally Binding Space Security Instrument","description":"A major theme was the call for negotiations on a universal, multilaterally negotiated and verifiable legal instrument to prohibit weapons in outer space and attacks against space objects. Several speakers argued that voluntary measures cannot replace binding 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you, Mr. Chair.","start":10096.85,"end":10097.45,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":10096.85,"end":10097.01},{"text":"you,","start":10097.01,"end":10097.09},{"text":"Mr.","start":10097.09,"end":10097.33},{"text":"Chair.","start":10097.33,"end":10097.45}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"CHN","group":null,"function":null,"affiliation_full":"China"}},{"statement_number":113,"start":10103.05,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c1/81/15?lang=en&t=2:48:24","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Excellencies, distinguished delegates, we have adjusted the time available for this 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meeting is adjourned.","start":10134.53,"end":10135.57,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":10134.53,"end":10134.65},{"text":"meeting","start":10134.69,"end":10135.17},{"text":"is","start":10135.17,"end":10135.29},{"text":"adjourned.","start":10135.29,"end":10135.57}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"1st Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair","affiliation_full":"1st Committee"}}],"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-law","label":"International Law and the Outer Space Treaty","description":"Delegations repeatedly referred to the 1967 Outer Space Treaty, the UN Charter, and in some cases international humanitarian law, as the foundation of space governance. Speakers emphasized compliance with existing law while some also called for the legal framework to be updated or strengthened."},{"key":"outer-space-paros","label":"Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space","description":"Many delegations stressed that outer space must remain a peaceful domain and warned against its weaponization or transformation into a theatre of conflict. They framed preventing an arms race in outer space as a core international security objective."},{"key":"counterspace-threats","label":"Counter-Space Weapons and Anti-Satellite Threats","description":"Several speakers highlighted concrete threats such as anti-satellite missiles, destructive direct-ascent ASAT tests, jamming, spoofing, and other counter-space capabilities. These were presented as urgent risks to stability, security and strategic predictability in space."},{"key":"space-sustainability","label":"Space Sustainability and Debris","description":"Long-term sustainability of the space environment emerged as a recurring concern, especially regarding debris, large satellite constellations, uncontrolled re-entries and space traffic. Speakers warned that harmful activities in orbit could make parts of space unusable for future generations."},{"key":"equitable-space-access","label":"Equitable Access and Capacity Building","description":"Many delegations argued that all states, especially developing countries, should benefit from peaceful space activities on a non-discriminatory basis. 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