{"disclaimer":"Transcripts available through this tool are created by using automatic speech recognition and are not official records nor official documents of the United Nations. Official records and official documents are available on the Official Document System of the United Nations.","url":"https://transcripts.un.org/ar/ga/c1/81/25?lang=en","llms":{"note":"Plain-text sibling of this page, compact for LLM context. For the full API guide (search, listing, URL grammar) see /llms.txt.","textUrl":"/ar/ga/c1/81/25.txt","guide":"/llms.txt"},"video":{"id":"k10/k1002edez9","kaltura_id":"1_002edez9","title":"حلقة نقاش مشتركة بين اللجنة الأولى (الجلسة العامة 25) واللجنة الخاصة السياسية وإنهاء الاستعمار (اللجنة الرابعة) (الجلسة العامة 14) – الجمعية العامة، الدورة 81","clean_title":"حلقة نقاش مشتركة بين اللجنة الأولى (الجلسة العامة 25) واللجنة الخاصة السياسية وإنهاء الاستعمار (اللجنة الرابعة) (الجلسة العامة 14) – الجمعية العامة، الدورة 81","url":"https://webtv.un.org/en/asset/k10/k1002edez9","date":"2026-10-29T00:00:00.000Z","scheduled_time":"2026-10-29T14:00:00.000Z","status":"finished","duration":"02:38:20","category":"الجمعية العامة","body":"First Committee","event_code":null,"event_type":null,"session_number":"25th plenary meeting","pv_symbol":"A/C.1/81/PV.25","pv_part":1,"slug":"ga/c1/81/25"},"metadata":{"summary":null,"description":null,"categories":[],"geographic_subject":[],"subject_topical":[],"corporate_name":[],"speaker_affiliation":[],"related_documents":[]},"transcript":{"transcript_id":"scheduled-b70d570b-8e15-469f-ac46-277549d50110","language":"en","data":[{"statement_number":1,"start":1331.79,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c1/81/25?lang=en&t=22:12","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Good morning, Excellencies, distinguished delegates.","start":1331.79,"end":1334.91,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Good","start":1331.79,"end":1332.03},{"text":"morning,","start":1332.03,"end":1332.43},{"text":"Excellencies,","start":1332.43,"end":1333.39},{"text":"distinguished","start":1333.63,"end":1334.23},{"text":"delegates.","start":1334.23,"end":1334.91}]},{"text":"The 25th meeting of the Disarmament and International Security Committee and 14th meeting of the Special Political and Decolonization Committee for the joint final discussions on possible challenges to space security and sustainability under agenda items 46B 101/II are called to order.","start":1335.87,"end":1361.95,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1335.87,"end":1336.03},{"text":"25th","start":1336.03,"end":1336.99},{"text":"meeting","start":1336.99,"end":1337.39},{"text":"of","start":1337.39,"end":1337.55},{"text":"the","start":1337.55,"end":1337.63},{"text":"Disarmament","start":1337.63,"end":1338.39},{"text":"and","start":1338.39,"end":1338.63},{"text":"International","start":1338.63,"end":1339.35},{"text":"Security","start":1339.35,"end":1339.79},{"text":"Committee","start":1339.79,"end":1340.59},{"text":"and","start":1341.63,"end":1342.11},{"text":"14th","start":1342.67,"end":1343.15},{"text":"meeting","start":1343.15,"end":1343.55},{"text":"of","start":1343.55,"end":1343.67},{"text":"the","start":1343.67,"end":1343.79},{"text":"Special","start":1343.79,"end":1344.27},{"text":"Political","start":1344.27,"end":1344.99},{"text":"and","start":1345.07,"end":1345.27},{"text":"Decolonization","start":1345.27,"end":1346.03},{"text":"Committee","start":1346.03,"end":1346.67},{"text":"for","start":1347.07,"end":1347.23},{"text":"the","start":1347.23,"end":1347.39},{"text":"joint","start":1347.39,"end":1347.95},{"text":"final","start":1347.95,"end":1348.43},{"text":"discussions","start":1348.43,"end":1349.15},{"text":"on","start":1349.59,"end":1349.71},{"text":"possible","start":1349.71,"end":1350.35},{"text":"challenges","start":1350.47,"end":1351.07},{"text":"to","start":1351.07,"end":1351.19},{"text":"space","start":1351.19,"end":1351.59},{"text":"security","start":1351.59,"end":1352.19},{"text":"and","start":1352.27,"end":1352.51},{"text":"sustainability","start":1352.91,"end":1353.83},{"text":"under","start":1353.83,"end":1354.11},{"text":"agenda","start":1354.11,"end":1354.71},{"text":"items","start":1354.71,"end":1355.31},{"text":"46B","start":1355.31,"end":1356.51},{"text":"101/II","start":1357.79,"end":1358.91},{"text":"are","start":1360.59,"end":1361.07},{"text":"called","start":1361.07,"end":1361.47},{"text":"to","start":1361.47,"end":1361.59},{"text":"order.","start":1361.59,"end":1361.95}]},{"text":"I warmly welcome you all to this joint meeting of the First and Fourth Committees, convened pursuant to the General Assembly resolutions 80/44 and 80/76.","start":1366.67,"end":1382.19,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":1366.67,"end":1366.83},{"text":"warmly","start":1366.83,"end":1367.27},{"text":"welcome","start":1367.27,"end":1367.79},{"text":"you","start":1367.79,"end":1368.11},{"text":"all","start":1368.63,"end":1368.99},{"text":"to","start":1368.99,"end":1369.07},{"text":"this","start":1369.07,"end":1369.31},{"text":"joint","start":1369.31,"end":1369.63},{"text":"meeting","start":1369.63,"end":1369.95},{"text":"of","start":1369.95,"end":1370.11},{"text":"the","start":1370.11,"end":1370.19},{"text":"First","start":1370.19,"end":1370.55},{"text":"and","start":1370.55,"end":1370.75},{"text":"Fourth","start":1370.75,"end":1371.07},{"text":"Committees,","start":1371.07,"end":1371.79},{"text":"convened","start":1372.43,"end":1373.15},{"text":"pursuant","start":1373.79,"end":1374.39},{"text":"to","start":1374.39,"end":1374.47},{"text":"the","start":1374.47,"end":1374.59},{"text":"General","start":1374.59,"end":1374.91},{"text":"Assembly","start":1374.91,"end":1375.27},{"text":"resolutions","start":1375.27,"end":1376.11},{"text":"80/44","start":1378.07,"end":1378.75},{"text":"and","start":1379.39,"end":1379.87},{"text":"80/76.","start":1380.03,"end":1382.19}]},{"text":"A particularly warm welcome is extended to our distinguished panelists who are with us on the podium today: Mr. Adedeji Ibo, Director and Deputy to the High Representative for Disarmament Affairs; Ms. Arti Holamini, Director of the United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs; Mr. Darren McKnight, Senior Technical Fellow for Leo Labs; and Mr. Nick Sheaf, Managing Director of Astroscale UK.","start":1383.15,"end":1419.07,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"A","start":1383.15,"end":1383.23},{"text":"particularly","start":1383.23,"end":1383.99},{"text":"warm","start":1383.99,"end":1384.27},{"text":"welcome","start":1384.27,"end":1384.75},{"text":"is","start":1384.75,"end":1384.91},{"text":"extended","start":1384.91,"end":1385.59},{"text":"to","start":1385.59,"end":1385.67},{"text":"our","start":1385.67,"end":1385.83},{"text":"distinguished","start":1385.83,"end":1386.75},{"text":"panelists","start":1386.99,"end":1387.63},{"text":"who","start":1387.95,"end":1388.19},{"text":"are","start":1388.19,"end":1388.43},{"text":"with","start":1388.43,"end":1388.67},{"text":"us","start":1388.67,"end":1389.15},{"text":"on","start":1389.39,"end":1389.63},{"text":"the","start":1389.63,"end":1389.71},{"text":"podium","start":1389.71,"end":1390.27},{"text":"today:","start":1390.27,"end":1390.67},{"text":"Mr.","start":1391.87,"end":1392.31},{"text":"Adedeji","start":1392.47,"end":1393.19},{"text":"Ibo,","start":1393.19,"end":1393.47},{"text":"Director","start":1393.47,"end":1394.15},{"text":"and","start":1394.15,"end":1394.71},{"text":"Deputy","start":1394.71,"end":1395.31},{"text":"to","start":1395.31,"end":1395.47},{"text":"the","start":1395.47,"end":1395.63},{"text":"High","start":1395.63,"end":1395.95},{"text":"Representative","start":1395.95,"end":1396.67},{"text":"for","start":1396.67,"end":1396.87},{"text":"Disarmament","start":1396.87,"end":1397.55},{"text":"Affairs;","start":1397.55,"end":1398.27},{"text":"Ms.","start":1399.27,"end":1399.79},{"text":"Arti","start":1399.87,"end":1400.59},{"text":"Holamini,","start":1400.83,"end":1401.95},{"text":"Director","start":1402.51,"end":1403.15},{"text":"of","start":1403.31,"end":1403.55},{"text":"the","start":1403.55,"end":1403.63},{"text":"United","start":1403.63,"end":1403.99},{"text":"Nations","start":1403.99,"end":1404.43},{"text":"Office","start":1404.43,"end":1404.83},{"text":"for","start":1404.83,"end":1405.31},{"text":"Outer","start":1405.63,"end":1405.95},{"text":"Space","start":1405.95,"end":1406.43},{"text":"Affairs;","start":1406.43,"end":1407.15},{"text":"Mr.","start":1407.87,"end":1408.51},{"text":"Darren","start":1408.75,"end":1409.15},{"text":"McKnight,","start":1409.15,"end":1409.79},{"text":"Senior","start":1409.79,"end":1410.27},{"text":"Technical","start":1410.27,"end":1410.75},{"text":"Fellow","start":1410.75,"end":1411.15},{"text":"for","start":1411.15,"end":1411.55},{"text":"Leo","start":1411.63,"end":1411.87},{"text":"Labs;","start":1411.87,"end":1412.43},{"text":"and","start":1413.15,"end":1413.39},{"text":"Mr.","start":1413.39,"end":1414.03},{"text":"Nick","start":1414.35,"end":1414.67},{"text":"Sheaf,","start":1414.79,"end":1415.03},{"text":"Managing","start":1415.23,"end":1415.79},{"text":"Director","start":1415.79,"end":1416.51},{"text":"of","start":1416.67,"end":1417.07},{"text":"Astroscale","start":1417.15,"end":1418.19},{"text":"UK.","start":1418.51,"end":1419.07}]},{"text":"It is a pleasure to co-chair this meeting with the Chair of the Fourth Committee, His Excellency Mr. Kolissek.","start":1422.67,"end":1430.91,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"It","start":1422.67,"end":1422.79},{"text":"is","start":1422.79,"end":1422.91},{"text":"a","start":1422.91,"end":1422.99},{"text":"pleasure","start":1422.99,"end":1423.55},{"text":"to","start":1423.55,"end":1423.71},{"text":"co-chair","start":1423.71,"end":1424.35},{"text":"this","start":1424.43,"end":1424.75},{"text":"meeting","start":1424.75,"end":1425.15},{"text":"with","start":1425.15,"end":1425.39},{"text":"the","start":1425.39,"end":1425.47},{"text":"Chair","start":1426.31,"end":1426.59},{"text":"of","start":1426.67,"end":1426.83},{"text":"the","start":1426.83,"end":1426.95},{"text":"Fourth","start":1426.95,"end":1427.19},{"text":"Committee,","start":1427.19,"end":1427.87},{"text":"His","start":1428.75,"end":1428.99},{"text":"Excellency","start":1429.03,"end":1429.71},{"text":"Mr.","start":1429.71,"end":1430.11},{"text":"Kolissek.","start":1430.11,"end":1430.91}]},{"text":"We have agreed to take turns in guiding the proceedings of this meeting.","start":1431.71,"end":1437.95,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":1431.71,"end":1431.91},{"text":"have","start":1431.91,"end":1432.11},{"text":"agreed","start":1432.11,"end":1432.55},{"text":"to","start":1432.55,"end":1432.67},{"text":"take","start":1432.71,"end":1432.91},{"text":"turns","start":1432.91,"end":1433.55},{"text":"in","start":1434.03,"end":1434.27},{"text":"guiding","start":1434.27,"end":1434.67},{"text":"the","start":1434.67,"end":1434.79},{"text":"proceedings","start":1434.79,"end":1435.63},{"text":"of","start":1436.51,"end":1436.75},{"text":"this","start":1437.15,"end":1437.47},{"text":"meeting.","start":1437.47,"end":1437.95}]},{"text":"Accordingly, I will chair the first half while my co-chairs will preside over the second half.","start":1438.91,"end":1445.19,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Accordingly,","start":1438.91,"end":1439.71},{"text":"I","start":1439.71,"end":1439.87},{"text":"will","start":1439.87,"end":1440.03},{"text":"chair","start":1440.07,"end":1440.27},{"text":"the","start":1440.27,"end":1440.39},{"text":"first","start":1440.39,"end":1440.79},{"text":"half","start":1440.79,"end":1441.15},{"text":"while","start":1441.63,"end":1441.99},{"text":"my","start":1441.99,"end":1442.23},{"text":"co-chairs","start":1442.23,"end":1443.03},{"text":"will","start":1443.03,"end":1443.35},{"text":"preside","start":1443.35,"end":1443.91},{"text":"over","start":1443.99,"end":1444.31},{"text":"the","start":1444.31,"end":1444.39},{"text":"second","start":1444.39,"end":1444.71},{"text":"half.","start":1444.79,"end":1445.19}]},{"text":"We will first hear statements and presentations by our esteemed panellists.","start":1446.07,"end":1450.39,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":1446.07,"end":1446.27},{"text":"will","start":1446.31,"end":1446.71},{"text":"first","start":1446.71,"end":1447.11},{"text":"hear","start":1447.11,"end":1447.35},{"text":"statements","start":1447.35,"end":1447.99},{"text":"and","start":1447.99,"end":1448.15},{"text":"presentations","start":1448.15,"end":1449.03},{"text":"by","start":1449.03,"end":1449.27},{"text":"our","start":1449.27,"end":1449.43},{"text":"esteemed","start":1449.43,"end":1449.87},{"text":"panellists.","start":1449.87,"end":1450.39}]},{"text":"Then the floor will be open for an interactive dialogue among Member States and the panellists.","start":1451.03,"end":1456.63,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Then","start":1451.03,"end":1451.43},{"text":"the","start":1451.43,"end":1451.59},{"text":"floor","start":1451.59,"end":1451.91},{"text":"will","start":1451.91,"end":1452.15},{"text":"be","start":1452.15,"end":1452.31},{"text":"open","start":1452.31,"end":1452.63},{"text":"for","start":1452.63,"end":1452.83},{"text":"an","start":1452.83,"end":1452.95},{"text":"interactive","start":1452.95,"end":1453.67},{"text":"dialogue","start":1453.67,"end":1454.15},{"text":"among","start":1454.47,"end":1454.79},{"text":"Member","start":1454.79,"end":1455.11},{"text":"States","start":1455.11,"end":1455.59},{"text":"and","start":1455.67,"end":1455.83},{"text":"the","start":1455.83,"end":1455.91},{"text":"panellists.","start":1455.91,"end":1456.63}]},{"text":"Thereafter, the floor will be open for national statements.","start":1457.03,"end":1461.11,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thereafter,","start":1457.03,"end":1457.83},{"text":"the","start":1458.15,"end":1458.39},{"text":"floor","start":1458.39,"end":1458.79},{"text":"will","start":1458.79,"end":1459.03},{"text":"be","start":1459.03,"end":1459.19},{"text":"open","start":1459.19,"end":1459.59},{"text":"for","start":1459.59,"end":1459.83},{"text":"national","start":1459.83,"end":1460.31},{"text":"statements.","start":1460.39,"end":1461.11}]},{"text":"Before proceeding further, in view of the feedback received, I would like to propose that We follow the time limits for the statement from the floor pursuant to the past practices of the Joint Panels in 2022 and 2024 of five 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I take it that the Committee wishes to proceed accordingly?","start":1481.71,"end":1485.47,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"May","start":1481.71,"end":1481.87},{"text":"I","start":1481.87,"end":1482.03},{"text":"take","start":1482.03,"end":1482.31},{"text":"it","start":1482.31,"end":1482.43},{"text":"that","start":1482.43,"end":1482.67},{"text":"the","start":1482.67,"end":1482.83},{"text":"Committee","start":1482.83,"end":1483.31},{"text":"wishes","start":1483.31,"end":1483.63},{"text":"to","start":1483.63,"end":1483.79},{"text":"proceed","start":1483.79,"end":1484.43},{"text":"accordingly?","start":1484.83,"end":1485.47}]},{"text":"I hear no objections.","start":1488.51,"end":1489.71,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":1488.51,"end":1488.67},{"text":"hear","start":1488.67,"end":1488.83},{"text":"no","start":1488.83,"end":1489.07},{"text":"objections.","start":1489.07,"end":1489.71}]},{"text":"It is so 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Shared space situational awareness was also presented as a means of reducing misunderstandings and supporting verification."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":1779.79,"end":1779.95},{"text":"Vienna,","start":1779.95,"end":1780.51},{"text":"the","start":1780.67,"end":1780.83},{"text":"Committee","start":1780.83,"end":1781.19},{"text":"on","start":1781.19,"end":1781.31},{"text":"the","start":1781.31,"end":1781.43},{"text":"Peaceful","start":1781.47,"end":1782.11},{"text":"Uses","start":1782.11,"end":1782.51},{"text":"of","start":1782.51,"end":1782.75},{"text":"Outer","start":1782.99,"end":1783.23},{"text":"Space","start":1783.23,"end":1783.71},{"text":"is","start":1784.11,"end":1784.43},{"text":"advancing","start":1784.43,"end":1785.23},{"text":"work","start":1785.55,"end":1786.03},{"text":"on","start":1786.11,"end":1786.35},{"text":"long-term","start":1786.35,"end":1786.91},{"text":"sustainability,","start":1786.91,"end":1787.87},{"text":"including","start":1788.19,"end":1789.07},{"text":"complex","start":1789.31,"end":1789.87},{"text":"on-orbit","start":1789.95,"end":1790.59},{"text":"operations","start":1790.59,"end":1791.23},{"text":"and","start":1791.23,"end":1791.47},{"text":"space","start":1791.47,"end":1791.95},{"text":"situational","start":1792.27,"end":1792.99},{"text":"awareness.","start":1793.07,"end":1793.79}]},{"text":"Our aim is to ensure that these efforts complement one another.","start":1794.39,"end":1799.47,"topics":[{"key":"coherent-space-governance","label":"Coherent International Space Governance","description":"Speakers called for stronger exchanges between UN bodies addressing space security and those responsible for peaceful uses and sustainability. 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panelists.","start":1803.71,"end":1806.87,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":1803.71,"end":1803.83},{"text":"will","start":1803.83,"end":1803.95},{"text":"now","start":1803.95,"end":1804.19},{"text":"hear","start":1804.19,"end":1804.59},{"text":"from","start":1805.07,"end":1805.39},{"text":"our","start":1805.39,"end":1805.63},{"text":"distinguished","start":1805.63,"end":1806.19},{"text":"panelists.","start":1806.19,"end":1806.87}]},{"text":"I now have the pleasure to turn to our distinguished panellists, who are requested to limit their statement to no more than eight minutes.","start":1808.15,"end":1816.79,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":1808.15,"end":1808.23},{"text":"now","start":1808.23,"end":1808.55},{"text":"have","start":1808.55,"end":1808.91},{"text":"the","start":1808.91,"end":1809.03},{"text":"pleasure","start":1809.03,"end":1809.47},{"text":"to","start":1809.47,"end":1809.79},{"text":"turn","start":1809.79,"end":1809.99},{"text":"to","start":1809.99,"end":1810.11},{"text":"our","start":1810.11,"end":1810.23},{"text":"distinguished","start":1810.23,"end":1810.75},{"text":"panellists,","start":1810.75,"end":1811.19},{"text":"who","start":1811.19,"end":1811.27},{"text":"are","start":1811.27,"end":1811.51},{"text":"requested","start":1811.75,"end":1812.35},{"text":"to","start":1812.35,"end":1812.47},{"text":"limit","start":1812.47,"end":1812.95},{"text":"their","start":1812.95,"end":1813.11},{"text":"statement","start":1813.11,"end":1813.87},{"text":"to","start":1814.79,"end":1814.91},{"text":"no","start":1814.95,"end":1815.27},{"text":"more","start":1815.27,"end":1815.59},{"text":"than","start":1815.59,"end":1815.83},{"text":"eight","start":1815.91,"end":1816.23},{"text":"minutes.","start":1816.23,"end":1816.79}]},{"text":"The Committee will first hear a presentation by Mr. Adelejo Ibo, Director and Deputy to the High Representative for Disarmament 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Ibo, you have the floor now.","start":1827.43,"end":1829.43,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":1827.43,"end":1827.75},{"text":"Ibo,","start":1828.31,"end":1828.63},{"text":"you","start":1828.63,"end":1828.75},{"text":"have","start":1828.75,"end":1828.91},{"text":"the","start":1828.91,"end":1829.03},{"text":"floor","start":1829.03,"end":1829.23},{"text":"now.","start":1829.23,"end":1829.43}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"1st Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair","affiliation_full":"1st Committee"}},{"statement_number":2,"start":1830.87,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c1/81/25?lang=en&t=30:31","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, sir.","start":1830.87,"end":1831.43,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":1830.87,"end":1831.11},{"text":"you,","start":1831.11,"end":1831.19},{"text":"sir.","start":1831.19,"end":1831.43}]},{"text":"Excellencies, distinguished delegates, ladies and gentlemen.","start":1832.47,"end":1837.03,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Excellencies,","start":1832.47,"end":1833.43},{"text":"distinguished","start":1834.11,"end":1834.87},{"text":"delegates,","start":1835.11,"end":1835.99},{"text":"ladies","start":1836.07,"end":1836.35},{"text":"and","start":1836.35,"end":1836.51},{"text":"gentlemen.","start":1836.51,"end":1837.03}]},{"text":"It is my pleasure to address this sixth joint panel discussion of the First and Fourth 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partnership.","start":1847.19,"end":1853.19,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":1847.19,"end":1847.35},{"text":"also","start":1847.35,"end":1847.59},{"text":"thank","start":1847.59,"end":1848.03},{"text":"the","start":1848.55,"end":1848.75},{"text":"Office","start":1848.75,"end":1849.19},{"text":"for","start":1849.19,"end":1849.47},{"text":"Outer","start":1849.59,"end":1849.83},{"text":"Space","start":1849.83,"end":1850.15},{"text":"Affairs","start":1850.15,"end":1850.71},{"text":"for","start":1851.35,"end":1851.51},{"text":"their","start":1851.51,"end":1851.67},{"text":"collaboration","start":1851.67,"end":1852.39},{"text":"and","start":1852.39,"end":1852.51},{"text":"partnership.","start":1852.51,"end":1853.19}]},{"text":"It is nice to have you here.","start":1853.63,"end":1855.03,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"It","start":1853.63,"end":1853.83},{"text":"is","start":1853.83,"end":1853.99},{"text":"nice","start":1853.99,"end":1854.31},{"text":"to","start":1854.31,"end":1854.39},{"text":"have","start":1854.39,"end":1854.67},{"text":"you","start":1854.67,"end":1854.75},{"text":"here.","start":1854.75,"end":1855.03}]},{"text":"Since the last joint meeting, the security situation in outer space has continued to evolve rapidly and with increasing complexity.","start":1856.31,"end":1867.35,"topics":[{"key":"space-arms-race","label":"Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space","description":"Speakers addressed growing weaponization, counter-space capabilities, and risks of conflict in orbit. They debated legally binding agreements, voluntary norms of responsible behavior, and transparency measures as approaches to preserving peaceful uses of space."}],"words":[{"text":"Since","start":1856.31,"end":1856.79},{"text":"the","start":1856.79,"end":1856.95},{"text":"last","start":1856.95,"end":1857.43},{"text":"joint","start":1857.67,"end":1857.99},{"text":"meeting,","start":1857.99,"end":1858.55},{"text":"the","start":1859.43,"end":1859.55},{"text":"security","start":1859.55,"end":1860.39},{"text":"situation","start":1860.55,"end":1861.23},{"text":"in","start":1861.23,"end":1861.35},{"text":"outer","start":1861.35,"end":1861.59},{"text":"space","start":1861.59,"end":1862.07},{"text":"has","start":1862.39,"end":1862.63},{"text":"continued","start":1862.63,"end":1863.19},{"text":"to","start":1863.19,"end":1863.39},{"text":"evolve","start":1863.47,"end":1863.91},{"text":"rapidly","start":1863.91,"end":1864.55},{"text":"and","start":1865.59,"end":1865.75},{"text":"with","start":1865.75,"end":1865.99},{"text":"increasing","start":1866.03,"end":1866.51},{"text":"complexity.","start":1866.51,"end":1867.35}]},{"text":"I will describe some of these most salient trends, but in very plain words.","start":1869.23,"end":1878.75,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":1869.23,"end":1869.39},{"text":"will","start":1869.39,"end":1869.55},{"text":"describe","start":1869.55,"end":1870.11},{"text":"some","start":1870.11,"end":1870.35},{"text":"of","start":1870.35,"end":1870.51},{"text":"these","start":1870.51,"end":1870.99},{"text":"most","start":1872.51,"end":1872.83},{"text":"salient","start":1872.83,"end":1873.55},{"text":"trends,","start":1873.87,"end":1874.59},{"text":"but","start":1876.43,"end":1876.75},{"text":"in","start":1876.83,"end":1876.99},{"text":"very","start":1876.99,"end":1877.39},{"text":"plain","start":1877.71,"end":1878.19},{"text":"words.","start":1878.19,"end":1878.75}]},{"text":"One is allegations of the development of objects designed to carry nuclear weapons in orbit.","start":1880.67,"end":1889.63,"topics":[{"key":"space-arms-race","label":"Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space","description":"Speakers addressed growing weaponization, counter-space capabilities, and risks of conflict in orbit. They debated legally binding agreements, voluntary norms of responsible behavior, and transparency measures as approaches to preserving peaceful uses of space."}],"words":[{"text":"One","start":1880.67,"end":1881.15},{"text":"is","start":1881.15,"end":1881.71},{"text":"allegations","start":1881.87,"end":1882.99},{"text":"of","start":1884.27,"end":1884.43},{"text":"the","start":1884.43,"end":1884.55},{"text":"development","start":1884.55,"end":1885.31},{"text":"of","start":1885.31,"end":1885.55},{"text":"objects","start":1885.55,"end":1886.11},{"text":"designed","start":1886.11,"end":1886.63},{"text":"to","start":1886.63,"end":1886.71},{"text":"carry","start":1886.71,"end":1887.31},{"text":"nuclear","start":1887.71,"end":1888.19},{"text":"weapons","start":1888.19,"end":1888.75},{"text":"in","start":1888.99,"end":1889.23},{"text":"orbit.","start":1889.23,"end":1889.63}]},{"text":"Another, declaration of the placement of space control weapons in orbit; thirdly, plans to develop and place other types of weapons in orbit; the increasing practice of close approaches between space objects without common understanding on how to govern these activities; Next is the increasing use of commercial space-based services to support military operations in the context of armed conflict.","start":1892.35,"end":1935.35,"topics":[{"key":"space-arms-race","label":"Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space","description":"Speakers addressed growing weaponization, counter-space capabilities, and risks of conflict in orbit. They debated legally binding agreements, voluntary norms of responsible behavior, and transparency measures as approaches to preserving peaceful uses of space."},{"key":"orbital-servicing-guidelines","label":"On-Orbit Servicing and Proximity Operations","description":"Participants examined satellite servicing, refueling, and rendezvous and proximity operations as capabilities essential to sustainability but potentially associated with security risks. They discussed transparent operational guidelines, safety standards, authorization procedures, and international regulatory coordination."},{"key":"commercial-satellite-constellations","label":"Commercial Satellite Constellations","description":"Participants discussed the expansion of commercial mega-constellations and their implications for orbital congestion, access to orbital and frequency resources, and regulation. Several speakers also raised concerns about the use of commercial satellite infrastructure to support military operations."}],"words":[{"text":"Another,","start":1892.35,"end":1892.91},{"text":"declaration","start":1894.11,"end":1895.07},{"text":"of","start":1895.75,"end":1895.99},{"text":"the","start":1895.99,"end":1896.11},{"text":"placement","start":1896.11,"end":1896.87},{"text":"of","start":1896.87,"end":1897.03},{"text":"space","start":1897.03,"end":1897.43},{"text":"control","start":1897.43,"end":1898.15},{"text":"weapons","start":1898.71,"end":1899.27},{"text":"in","start":1899.43,"end":1899.67},{"text":"orbit;","start":1899.67,"end":1900.15},{"text":"thirdly,","start":1901.35,"end":1901.99},{"text":"plans","start":1903.59,"end":1903.99},{"text":"to","start":1903.99,"end":1904.59},{"text":"develop","start":1905.19,"end":1905.99},{"text":"and","start":1906.79,"end":1906.95},{"text":"place","start":1906.95,"end":1907.43},{"text":"other","start":1907.51,"end":1907.75},{"text":"types","start":1907.75,"end":1908.07},{"text":"of","start":1908.07,"end":1908.15},{"text":"weapons","start":1908.15,"end":1908.79},{"text":"in","start":1908.87,"end":1909.03},{"text":"orbit;","start":1909.03,"end":1909.59},{"text":"the","start":1912.71,"end":1912.87},{"text":"increasing","start":1912.87,"end":1913.43},{"text":"practice","start":1913.43,"end":1914.23},{"text":"of","start":1914.71,"end":1914.95},{"text":"close","start":1914.95,"end":1915.51},{"text":"approaches","start":1915.51,"end":1916.15},{"text":"between","start":1916.15,"end":1916.63},{"text":"space","start":1916.63,"end":1917.03},{"text":"objects","start":1917.03,"end":1917.67},{"text":"without","start":1918.55,"end":1919.27},{"text":"common","start":1919.27,"end":1919.83},{"text":"understanding","start":1919.83,"end":1920.63},{"text":"on","start":1920.95,"end":1921.11},{"text":"how","start":1921.11,"end":1921.43},{"text":"to","start":1921.43,"end":1921.59},{"text":"govern","start":1921.59,"end":1922.07},{"text":"these","start":1922.23,"end":1922.51},{"text":"activities;","start":1922.51,"end":1923.27},{"text":"Next","start":1925.43,"end":1925.83},{"text":"is","start":1925.83,"end":1925.99},{"text":"the","start":1925.99,"end":1926.11},{"text":"increasing","start":1926.11,"end":1926.95},{"text":"use","start":1927.03,"end":1927.43},{"text":"of","start":1927.43,"end":1927.59},{"text":"commercial","start":1927.59,"end":1928.31},{"text":"space-based","start":1928.31,"end":1929.15},{"text":"services","start":1929.15,"end":1929.83},{"text":"to","start":1930.55,"end":1930.67},{"text":"support","start":1930.67,"end":1931.19},{"text":"military","start":1931.19,"end":1931.83},{"text":"operations","start":1931.83,"end":1932.71},{"text":"in","start":1933.19,"end":1933.31},{"text":"the","start":1933.31,"end":1933.39},{"text":"context","start":1933.39,"end":1934.07},{"text":"of","start":1934.15,"end":1934.39},{"text":"armed","start":1934.47,"end":1934.75},{"text":"conflict.","start":1934.75,"end":1935.35}]},{"text":"And finally, the continued and increasing reliance on space-based systems to support missile launch detection and the verification of disarmament agreements.","start":1936.95,"end":1951.67,"topics":[{"key":"space-arms-race","label":"Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space","description":"Speakers addressed growing weaponization, counter-space capabilities, and risks of conflict in orbit. They debated legally binding agreements, voluntary norms of responsible behavior, and transparency measures as approaches to preserving peaceful uses of space."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":1936.95,"end":1937.11},{"text":"finally,","start":1937.11,"end":1937.75},{"text":"the","start":1938.63,"end":1938.83},{"text":"continued","start":1938.83,"end":1939.67},{"text":"and","start":1939.75,"end":1939.95},{"text":"increasing","start":1939.95,"end":1940.55},{"text":"reliance","start":1940.55,"end":1941.51},{"text":"on","start":1942.07,"end":1942.31},{"text":"space-based","start":1942.31,"end":1943.35},{"text":"systems","start":1943.35,"end":1944.31},{"text":"to","start":1944.71,"end":1944.83},{"text":"support","start":1944.83,"end":1945.51},{"text":"missile","start":1945.51,"end":1946.07},{"text":"launch","start":1946.07,"end":1946.47},{"text":"detection","start":1946.47,"end":1947.27},{"text":"and","start":1948.15,"end":1948.35},{"text":"the","start":1948.35,"end":1948.43},{"text":"verification","start":1948.43,"end":1949.35},{"text":"of","start":1949.35,"end":1949.59},{"text":"disarmament","start":1949.59,"end":1950.55},{"text":"agreements.","start":1950.87,"end":1951.67}]},{"text":"In light of these trends, in her opening remarks to the First Committee, the High Representative for Disarmament Affairs observed, and I quote: “In outer space, we are drifting from the long-standing goal of preventing an arms race to the need to halt one.”","start":1954.35,"end":1979.71,"topics":[{"key":"space-arms-race","label":"Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space","description":"Speakers addressed growing weaponization, counter-space capabilities, and risks of conflict in orbit. 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They warned that disruptions to space infrastructure could undermine essential services and disproportionately affect vulnerable countries."}],"words":[{"text":"our","start":2407.59,"end":2407.79},{"text":"ability","start":2407.79,"end":2408.23},{"text":"to","start":2408.23,"end":2408.39},{"text":"anticipate,","start":2408.39,"end":2409.19},{"text":"monitor,","start":2409.19,"end":2409.75},{"text":"and","start":2409.75,"end":2409.99},{"text":"respond","start":2409.99,"end":2410.63},{"text":"to","start":2410.63,"end":2410.79},{"text":"more","start":2410.79,"end":2411.11},{"text":"frequent,","start":2411.11,"end":2411.83},{"text":"more","start":2411.91,"end":2412.19},{"text":"intense,","start":2412.19,"end":2412.79},{"text":"and","start":2412.79,"end":2413.11},{"text":"often","start":2413.11,"end":2413.59},{"text":"almost","start":2413.59,"end":2414.15},{"text":"unmanageable","start":2414.15,"end":2415.19},{"text":"severe","start":2415.27,"end":2415.83},{"text":"weather","start":2415.83,"end":2416.11},{"text":"events","start":2416.11,"end":2416.55},{"text":"on","start":2416.55,"end":2416.79},{"text":"all","start":2416.79,"end":2417.19},{"text":"continents.","start":2417.19,"end":2417.99}]},{"text":"They will get worse in years to come.","start":2418.39,"end":2420.63,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"They","start":2418.39,"end":2418.55},{"text":"will","start":2418.55,"end":2418.95},{"text":"get","start":2418.95,"end":2419.19},{"text":"worse","start":2419.19,"end":2419.59},{"text":"in","start":2419.59,"end":2419.83},{"text":"years","start":2419.83,"end":2420.15},{"text":"to","start":2420.15,"end":2420.23},{"text":"come.","start":2420.23,"end":2420.63}]},{"text":"Our need to preserve access to space systems is therefore not a peripheral concern.","start":2422.15,"end":2427.59,"topics":[{"key":"space-development-applications","label":"Space Applications for Sustainable Development","description":"Speakers highlighted the importance of satellite services for communications, navigation, disaster preparedness, climate monitoring, and other development needs. They warned that disruptions to space infrastructure could undermine essential services and disproportionately affect vulnerable countries."}],"words":[{"text":"Our","start":2422.15,"end":2422.31},{"text":"need","start":2422.31,"end":2422.67},{"text":"to","start":2422.67,"end":2422.79},{"text":"preserve","start":2422.79,"end":2423.27},{"text":"access","start":2423.27,"end":2423.67},{"text":"to","start":2423.67,"end":2423.83},{"text":"space","start":2423.83,"end":2424.19},{"text":"systems","start":2424.19,"end":2424.87},{"text":"is","start":2424.95,"end":2425.19},{"text":"therefore","start":2425.19,"end":2425.55},{"text":"not","start":2425.55,"end":2425.99},{"text":"a","start":2426.15,"end":2426.19},{"text":"peripheral","start":2426.19,"end":2426.87},{"text":"concern.","start":2426.87,"end":2427.59}]},{"text":"It is serious business, more serious now than at any point before.","start":2427.99,"end":2432.71,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"It","start":2427.99,"end":2428.23},{"text":"is","start":2428.23,"end":2428.31},{"text":"serious","start":2428.31,"end":2428.99},{"text":"business,","start":2428.99,"end":2429.67},{"text":"more","start":2429.67,"end":2429.99},{"text":"serious","start":2429.99,"end":2430.47},{"text":"now","start":2430.47,"end":2430.79},{"text":"than","start":2430.79,"end":2431.03},{"text":"at","start":2431.03,"end":2431.19},{"text":"any","start":2431.27,"end":2431.67},{"text":"point","start":2431.67,"end":2432.15},{"text":"before.","start":2432.15,"end":2432.71}]},{"text":"And that reality demands, first of all, that we talk to one another more often, across agencies, across geopolitical divides, and second, that this house, the United Nations, gives space, the level of attention, and the priority that its importance to life on Earth now requires.","start":2433.95,"end":2451.87,"topics":[{"key":"coherent-space-governance","label":"Coherent International Space Governance","description":"Speakers called for stronger exchanges between UN bodies addressing space security and those responsible for peaceful uses and sustainability. 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risks of inaction are shared, and the responsibility must be as well.","start":2786.03,"end":2790.67,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2786.03,"end":2786.15},{"text":"risks","start":2786.15,"end":2786.59},{"text":"of","start":2786.59,"end":2786.71},{"text":"inaction","start":2786.71,"end":2787.31},{"text":"are","start":2787.31,"end":2787.43},{"text":"shared,","start":2787.43,"end":2788.03},{"text":"and","start":2788.19,"end":2788.35},{"text":"the","start":2788.35,"end":2788.43},{"text":"responsibility","start":2788.43,"end":2789.39},{"text":"must","start":2789.39,"end":2789.83},{"text":"be","start":2789.83,"end":2790.11},{"text":"as","start":2790.11,"end":2790.27},{"text":"well.","start":2790.27,"end":2790.67}]},{"text":"Thank you very much for giving us the opportunity to bring this topic to your attention 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data has come from our 12 radars located on three continents, five countries, eight time zones, where we assemble millions of observations on a real-time basis to provide this information.","start":2821.91,"end":2833.75,"topics":[{"key":"space-traffic-coordination","label":"Space Traffic Coordination and Situational Awareness","description":"Speakers advocated improved monitoring, information sharing, operator communication, and collision warnings to manage increasingly congested orbits. 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Shared space situational awareness was also presented as a means of reducing misunderstandings and supporting verification."}],"words":[{"text":"First,","start":2925.43,"end":2926.07},{"text":"space","start":2926.31,"end":2926.71},{"text":"traffic","start":2926.71,"end":2927.03},{"text":"coordination,","start":2927.03,"end":2927.63},{"text":"number","start":2927.63,"end":2927.87},{"text":"one","start":2927.87,"end":2928.07},{"text":"on","start":2928.07,"end":2928.23},{"text":"this","start":2928.23,"end":2928.55},{"text":"table.","start":2928.79,"end":2929.35}]},{"text":"Operational satellites that can manage their own risk have to communicate and cooperate with each other to manage that potential collision risk.","start":2929.51,"end":2937.59,"topics":[{"key":"space-traffic-coordination","label":"Space Traffic Coordination and Situational Awareness","description":"Speakers advocated improved monitoring, information sharing, operator communication, and collision warnings to manage increasingly congested orbits. 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Speakers called for implementation of sustainability guidelines, timely disposal of spacecraft, and investment in active debris removal."}],"words":[{"text":"Operational","start":2940.39,"end":2940.95},{"text":"payloads","start":2940.95,"end":2941.51},{"text":"are","start":2941.51,"end":2941.75},{"text":"at","start":2941.83,"end":2942.07},{"text":"risk","start":2942.07,"end":2942.55},{"text":"from","start":2942.55,"end":2942.87},{"text":"debris.","start":2942.87,"end":2943.51}]},{"text":"And when that's the case, that's when conjunction data messages that are provided by government and commercial SSA entities help them to manage that risk to avoid collisions with the derelict objects with operational.","start":2944.31,"end":2957.99,"topics":[{"key":"space-traffic-coordination","label":"Space Traffic Coordination and Situational Awareness","description":"Speakers advocated improved monitoring, information sharing, operator communication, and collision warnings to manage increasingly congested orbits. Shared space situational awareness was also presented as a means of reducing misunderstandings and supporting verification."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":2944.31,"end":2944.51},{"text":"when","start":2944.51,"end":2944.67},{"text":"that's","start":2944.67,"end":2944.95},{"text":"the","start":2944.95,"end":2945.03},{"text":"case,","start":2945.03,"end":2945.35},{"text":"that's","start":2945.35,"end":2945.67},{"text":"when","start":2945.67,"end":2945.99},{"text":"conjunction","start":2945.99,"end":2946.63},{"text":"data","start":2946.63,"end":2946.95},{"text":"messages","start":2946.95,"end":2947.43},{"text":"that","start":2947.43,"end":2947.55},{"text":"are","start":2947.55,"end":2947.63},{"text":"provided","start":2947.63,"end":2948.31},{"text":"by","start":2948.55,"end":2948.79},{"text":"government","start":2948.79,"end":2949.47},{"text":"and","start":2949.47,"end":2949.59},{"text":"commercial","start":2949.59,"end":2950.15},{"text":"SSA","start":2950.15,"end":2950.87},{"text":"entities","start":2951.03,"end":2951.67},{"text":"help","start":2951.83,"end":2952.23},{"text":"them","start":2952.23,"end":2952.47},{"text":"to","start":2952.47,"end":2952.63},{"text":"manage","start":2952.63,"end":2953.03},{"text":"that","start":2953.03,"end":2953.27},{"text":"risk","start":2953.27,"end":2953.51},{"text":"to","start":2953.51,"end":2953.71},{"text":"avoid","start":2953.71,"end":2954.15},{"text":"collisions","start":2954.15,"end":2954.79},{"text":"with","start":2954.79,"end":2955.19},{"text":"the","start":2955.51,"end":2955.67},{"text":"derelict","start":2955.67,"end":2956.31},{"text":"objects","start":2956.63,"end":2957.11},{"text":"with","start":2957.11,"end":2957.35},{"text":"operational.","start":2957.35,"end":2957.99}]},{"text":"However, the most important thing that's really haunting us right now in low Earth orbit is the third category, intact derelict objects.","start":2958.47,"end":2965.51,"topics":[{"key":"space-debris-management","label":"Space Debris Mitigation and Removal","description":"Discussions emphasized the collision risks posed by accumulating debris, abandoned rocket bodies, and defunct satellites. 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Speakers called for implementation of sustainability guidelines, timely disposal of spacecraft, and investment in active debris removal."}],"words":[{"text":"rocket","start":2966.15,"end":2966.55},{"text":"bodies,","start":2966.55,"end":2966.79},{"text":"non-operational","start":2966.79,"end":2967.47},{"text":"payloads,","start":2967.47,"end":2967.83},{"text":"they","start":2967.83,"end":2967.99},{"text":"cannot","start":2967.99,"end":2968.55},{"text":"manage","start":2968.55,"end":2968.95},{"text":"their","start":2968.95,"end":2969.11},{"text":"own","start":2969.11,"end":2969.35},{"text":"risk.","start":2969.35,"end":2969.75}]},{"text":"They are in orbit for long periods of time, decades to centuries, and that provides, unfortunately, an opportunity for both the probability and the consequence, which together makes the risk to go up drastically.","start":2970.07,"end":2982.95,"topics":[{"key":"space-debris-management","label":"Space Debris Mitigation and Removal","description":"Discussions emphasized the collision risks posed by accumulating debris, abandoned rocket bodies, and defunct satellites. 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Shared space situational awareness was also presented as a means of reducing misunderstandings and supporting verification."}],"words":[{"text":"to","start":2990.23,"end":2990.35},{"text":"talk","start":2990.39,"end":2990.63},{"text":"about","start":2990.63,"end":2990.87},{"text":"space","start":2990.87,"end":2991.19},{"text":"traffic","start":2991.19,"end":2991.55},{"text":"coordination.","start":2991.55,"end":2992.23}]},{"text":"When we say space traffic coordination, we normally are talking about constellations with constellations.","start":2992.23,"end":2997.83,"topics":[{"key":"space-traffic-coordination","label":"Space Traffic Coordination and Situational Awareness","description":"Speakers advocated improved monitoring, information sharing, operator communication, and collision warnings to manage increasingly congested orbits. 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Shared space situational awareness was also presented as a means of reducing misunderstandings and supporting verification."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":3009.67,"end":3010.07},{"text":"that","start":3010.07,"end":3010.55},{"text":"interaction,","start":3010.55,"end":3011.43},{"text":"one-on-one,","start":3011.43,"end":3012.47},{"text":"without","start":3012.47,"end":3013.07},{"text":"proper","start":3013.07,"end":3013.43},{"text":"communication","start":3013.43,"end":3014.19},{"text":"and","start":3014.19,"end":3014.31},{"text":"coordination,","start":3014.31,"end":3015.19},{"text":"provided","start":3015.59,"end":3016.39},{"text":"an","start":3016.91,"end":3017.11},{"text":"opportunity","start":3017.11,"end":3017.67},{"text":"for","start":3017.67,"end":3017.83},{"text":"us","start":3017.83,"end":3017.91},{"text":"to","start":3017.91,"end":3017.99},{"text":"see","start":3017.99,"end":3018.15},{"text":"how","start":3018.15,"end":3018.55},{"text":"important","start":3018.55,"end":3018.99},{"text":"it","start":3018.99,"end":3019.07},{"text":"is","start":3019.07,"end":3019.19},{"text":"to","start":3019.19,"end":3019.27},{"text":"have","start":3019.27,"end":3019.51},{"text":"communication.","start":3019.51,"end":3020.39}]},{"text":"These two satellites, the Russian one very active, stayed within 400 kilometers for five days of the IceEye spacecraft.","start":3020.71,"end":3029.35,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"These","start":3020.71,"end":3021.03},{"text":"two","start":3021.03,"end":3021.27},{"text":"satellites,","start":3021.27,"end":3022.07},{"text":"the","start":3022.79,"end":3022.99},{"text":"Russian","start":3023.11,"end":3023.55},{"text":"one","start":3023.55,"end":3023.71},{"text":"very","start":3023.71,"end":3023.99},{"text":"active,","start":3023.99,"end":3024.71},{"text":"stayed","start":3024.95,"end":3025.35},{"text":"within","start":3025.35,"end":3025.67},{"text":"400","start":3025.67,"end":3026.19},{"text":"kilometers","start":3026.19,"end":3026.71},{"text":"for","start":3026.71,"end":3026.87},{"text":"five","start":3026.87,"end":3027.27},{"text":"days","start":3027.27,"end":3027.91},{"text":"of","start":3028.03,"end":3028.11},{"text":"the","start":3028.11,"end":3028.23},{"text":"IceEye","start":3028.23,"end":3028.63},{"text":"spacecraft.","start":3028.63,"end":3029.35}]},{"text":"And in the last six hour period, which is shown below there, they got easily within 500 meters, maybe even closer.","start":3029.91,"end":3038.63,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":3029.91,"end":3030.47},{"text":"in","start":3030.47,"end":3030.67},{"text":"the","start":3030.67,"end":3030.75},{"text":"last","start":3030.75,"end":3031.03},{"text":"six","start":3031.03,"end":3031.35},{"text":"hour","start":3031.35,"end":3031.59},{"text":"period,","start":3031.59,"end":3032.03},{"text":"which","start":3032.03,"end":3032.23},{"text":"is","start":3032.23,"end":3032.63},{"text":"shown","start":3032.63,"end":3033.03},{"text":"below","start":3033.03,"end":3033.51},{"text":"there,","start":3033.51,"end":3033.91},{"text":"they","start":3034.55,"end":3034.79},{"text":"got","start":3034.79,"end":3035.19},{"text":"easily","start":3035.75,"end":3036.19},{"text":"within","start":3036.19,"end":3036.47},{"text":"500","start":3036.47,"end":3036.99},{"text":"meters,","start":3036.99,"end":3037.35},{"text":"maybe","start":3037.35,"end":3037.79},{"text":"even","start":3037.79,"end":3038.03},{"text":"closer.","start":3038.03,"end":3038.63}]},{"text":"Very important, one-on-one or a thousand on a thousand active payloads need to communicate and cooperate with each other.","start":3039.11,"end":3046.47,"topics":[{"key":"space-traffic-coordination","label":"Space Traffic Coordination and Situational Awareness","description":"Speakers advocated improved monitoring, information sharing, operator communication, and collision warnings to manage increasingly congested orbits. 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Speakers called for implementation of sustainability guidelines, timely disposal of spacecraft, and investment in active debris removal."}],"words":[{"text":"Any","start":3103.11,"end":3103.51},{"text":"of","start":3103.51,"end":3103.59},{"text":"these","start":3103.59,"end":3103.83},{"text":"events","start":3103.83,"end":3104.15},{"text":"that","start":3104.15,"end":3104.27},{"text":"were","start":3104.27,"end":3104.43},{"text":"to","start":3104.43,"end":3104.51},{"text":"occur","start":3104.51,"end":3105.03},{"text":"will","start":3105.35,"end":3105.59},{"text":"generate,","start":3105.75,"end":3106.23},{"text":"as","start":3106.23,"end":3106.31},{"text":"shown","start":3106.31,"end":3106.55},{"text":"on","start":3106.55,"end":3106.63},{"text":"this","start":3106.63,"end":3106.79},{"text":"table,","start":3106.79,"end":3107.35},{"text":"upwards","start":3107.59,"end":3108.11},{"text":"of","start":3108.11,"end":3108.23},{"text":"4,000","start":3108.23,"end":3108.87},{"text":"to","start":3108.87,"end":3108.95},{"text":"8,000","start":3108.95,"end":3109.75},{"text":"trackable","start":3109.91,"end":3110.47},{"text":"fragments.","start":3110.47,"end":3111.11}]},{"text":"We are not now talking anymore about hypothetical in the next generation, we have a one million chance of a problem happening.","start":3111.75,"end":3119.75,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3111.75,"end":3111.95},{"text":"are","start":3111.95,"end":3112.07},{"text":"not","start":3112.07,"end":3112.55},{"text":"now","start":3112.63,"end":3112.95},{"text":"talking","start":3112.95,"end":3113.43},{"text":"anymore","start":3113.43,"end":3113.83},{"text":"about","start":3113.83,"end":3114.07},{"text":"hypothetical","start":3114.07,"end":3115.19},{"text":"in","start":3115.51,"end":3115.67},{"text":"the","start":3115.67,"end":3115.75},{"text":"next","start":3115.75,"end":3116.11},{"text":"generation,","start":3116.11,"end":3117.03},{"text":"we","start":3117.11,"end":3117.35},{"text":"have","start":3117.35,"end":3117.47},{"text":"a","start":3117.47,"end":3117.51},{"text":"one","start":3117.51,"end":3117.87},{"text":"million","start":3117.87,"end":3118.15},{"text":"chance","start":3118.15,"end":3118.51},{"text":"of","start":3118.51,"end":3118.63},{"text":"a","start":3118.63,"end":3118.71},{"text":"problem","start":3118.71,"end":3119.11},{"text":"happening.","start":3119.11,"end":3119.75}]},{"text":"We're talking now on our watch, events that are going to be significant.","start":3119.99,"end":3124.95,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We're","start":3119.99,"end":3120.31},{"text":"talking","start":3120.31,"end":3120.71},{"text":"now","start":3120.71,"end":3121.03},{"text":"on","start":3121.27,"end":3121.51},{"text":"our","start":3121.59,"end":3121.91},{"text":"watch,","start":3121.91,"end":3122.47},{"text":"events","start":3122.99,"end":3123.51},{"text":"that","start":3123.51,"end":3123.63},{"text":"are","start":3123.63,"end":3123.71},{"text":"going","start":3123.71,"end":3123.87},{"text":"to","start":3123.87,"end":3123.95},{"text":"be","start":3123.95,"end":3124.03},{"text":"significant.","start":3124.03,"end":3124.95}]},{"text":"that are based upon decades of practices to say it's okay to leave massive derelicts in high Earth orbit, where they're going to linger for decades to centuries.","start":3125.75,"end":3138.79,"topics":[{"key":"space-debris-management","label":"Space Debris Mitigation and Removal","description":"Discussions emphasized the collision risks posed by accumulating debris, abandoned rocket bodies, and defunct satellites. 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Chairs, Excellencies, distinguished delegates, thank you for your invitation today.","start":3222.21,"end":3229.41,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":3222.21,"end":3222.53},{"text":"you,","start":3222.53,"end":3222.73},{"text":"Chair.","start":3223.17,"end":3223.45},{"text":"Chairs,","start":3224.29,"end":3224.77},{"text":"Excellencies,","start":3224.77,"end":3225.61},{"text":"distinguished","start":3225.61,"end":3226.65},{"text":"delegates,","start":3226.65,"end":3227.33},{"text":"thank","start":3227.33,"end":3227.57},{"text":"you","start":3227.57,"end":3227.73},{"text":"for","start":3227.73,"end":3227.97},{"text":"your","start":3227.97,"end":3228.21},{"text":"invitation","start":3228.21,"end":3229.01},{"text":"today.","start":3229.09,"end":3229.41}]},{"text":"I'm honored to be here to address you, to explain some of the technological developments that are ongoing to address some of the issues that Dr. McKnight just outlined.","start":3229.41,"end":3241.81,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I'm","start":3229.41,"end":3229.65},{"text":"honored","start":3229.81,"end":3230.13},{"text":"to","start":3230.13,"end":3230.29},{"text":"be","start":3230.29,"end":3230.45},{"text":"here","start":3230.45,"end":3230.77},{"text":"to","start":3230.77,"end":3231.09},{"text":"address","start":3231.21,"end":3231.57},{"text":"you,","start":3231.57,"end":3231.77},{"text":"to","start":3232.29,"end":3232.45},{"text":"explain","start":3232.53,"end":3233.17},{"text":"some","start":3233.17,"end":3233.45},{"text":"of","start":3233.45,"end":3233.57},{"text":"the","start":3233.57,"end":3233.77},{"text":"technological","start":3234.29,"end":3235.41},{"text":"developments","start":3235.49,"end":3236.17},{"text":"that","start":3236.17,"end":3236.29},{"text":"are","start":3236.29,"end":3236.37},{"text":"ongoing","start":3236.37,"end":3237.01},{"text":"to","start":3237.25,"end":3237.37},{"text":"address","start":3237.37,"end":3237.69},{"text":"some","start":3237.69,"end":3237.89},{"text":"of","start":3237.89,"end":3237.97},{"text":"the","start":3237.97,"end":3238.09},{"text":"issues","start":3238.61,"end":3239.17},{"text":"that","start":3239.17,"end":3239.41},{"text":"Dr.","start":3240.13,"end":3240.37},{"text":"McKnight","start":3240.37,"end":3240.85},{"text":"just","start":3240.85,"end":3241.25},{"text":"outlined.","start":3241.25,"end":3241.81}]},{"text":"AstroScale is a in-orbit servicing company.","start":3243.09,"end":3246.77,"topics":[{"key":"orbital-servicing-guidelines","label":"On-Orbit Servicing and Proximity Operations","description":"Participants examined satellite servicing, refueling, and rendezvous and proximity operations as capabilities essential to sustainability but potentially associated with security risks. 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next slide, please.","start":3417.53,"end":3418.89,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":3417.53,"end":3417.77},{"text":"next","start":3417.85,"end":3418.09},{"text":"slide,","start":3418.09,"end":3418.33},{"text":"please.","start":3418.53,"end":3418.89}]},{"text":"When you're building a spacecraft for rendezvous proximity operations or in-orbit servicing, you need to build a spacecraft in a way that can move around in orbit.","start":3419.65,"end":3428.97,"topics":[{"key":"orbital-servicing-guidelines","label":"On-Orbit Servicing and Proximity Operations","description":"Participants examined satellite servicing, refueling, and rendezvous and proximity operations as capabilities essential to sustainability but potentially associated with security risks. 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presentation.","start":3701.21,"end":3705.21,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":3701.21,"end":3701.37},{"text":"thank","start":3701.37,"end":3701.85},{"text":"Mr.","start":3702.09,"end":3702.49},{"text":"Seif","start":3702.49,"end":3702.93},{"text":"for","start":3702.93,"end":3703.05},{"text":"his","start":3703.05,"end":3703.25},{"text":"wonderful","start":3703.93,"end":3704.41},{"text":"presentation.","start":3704.41,"end":3705.21}]},{"text":"On behalf of all the delegations, I would like to thank our distinguished panelists for their very insightful, comprehensive, and thought-provoking statements 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we open the floor for the national statements, I invite all the Member States to engage in an interactive dialogue with our distinguished 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questions on the presentations we have just heard.","start":3739.13,"end":3745.29,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":3739.13,"end":3739.25},{"text":"floor","start":3739.29,"end":3739.73},{"text":"is","start":3739.77,"end":3740.09},{"text":"open","start":3740.09,"end":3740.49},{"text":"for","start":3741.05,"end":3741.17},{"text":"comments","start":3741.21,"end":3741.93},{"text":"and","start":3741.93,"end":3742.25},{"text":"questions","start":3742.25,"end":3742.85},{"text":"on","start":3742.85,"end":3742.97},{"text":"the","start":3742.97,"end":3743.09},{"text":"presentations","start":3743.09,"end":3744.09},{"text":"we","start":3744.33,"end":3744.45},{"text":"have","start":3744.45,"end":3744.65},{"text":"just","start":3744.65,"end":3744.97},{"text":"heard.","start":3744.97,"end":3745.29}]},{"text":"Now I give the floor to the distinguished representative of 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you very much.","start":3992.89,"end":3993.65,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":3992.89,"end":3993.05},{"text":"you","start":3993.05,"end":3993.13},{"text":"very","start":3993.13,"end":3993.29},{"text":"much.","start":3993.29,"end":3993.65}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"MEX","group":null,"function":null,"affiliation_full":"Mexico"}},{"statement_number":13,"start":3997.93,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c1/81/25?lang=en&t=1:06:38","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of Mexico.","start":3997.93,"end":3999.93,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":3997.93,"end":3998.09},{"text":"thank","start":3998.09,"end":3998.41},{"text":"the","start":3998.41,"end":3998.49},{"text":"distinguished","start":3998.49,"end":3998.93},{"text":"representative","start":3998.93,"end":3999.45},{"text":"of","start":3999.45,"end":3999.53},{"text":"Mexico.","start":3999.53,"end":3999.93}]},{"text":"I would like to remind the delegation that we are currently in the segment of the questions and answers with the 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I give the floor to the distinguished representative of the United States, to be followed by Pakistan.","start":4006.89,"end":4011.69,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Now","start":4006.89,"end":4007.13},{"text":"I","start":4007.13,"end":4007.21},{"text":"give","start":4007.21,"end":4007.41},{"text":"the","start":4007.41,"end":4007.53},{"text":"floor","start":4007.57,"end":4007.81},{"text":"to","start":4007.81,"end":4007.93},{"text":"the","start":4007.93,"end":4008.01},{"text":"distinguished","start":4008.01,"end":4008.45},{"text":"representative","start":4008.45,"end":4009.09},{"text":"of","start":4009.09,"end":4009.17},{"text":"the","start":4009.17,"end":4009.25},{"text":"United","start":4009.25,"end":4009.69},{"text":"States,","start":4009.69,"end":4010.17},{"text":"to","start":4010.41,"end":4010.53},{"text":"be","start":4010.53,"end":4010.65},{"text":"followed","start":4010.65,"end":4010.97},{"text":"by","start":4010.97,"end":4011.13},{"text":"Pakistan.","start":4011.13,"end":4011.69}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"1st Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair","affiliation_full":"1st Committee"}},{"statement_number":14,"start":4017.21,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c1/81/25?lang=en&t=1:06:58","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Chair.","start":4017.21,"end":4017.93,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":4017.21,"end":4017.37},{"text":"you,","start":4017.37,"end":4017.53},{"text":"Chair.","start":4017.53,"end":4017.93}]},{"text":"Rendezvous and proximity operations are central to both international security and the long-term sustainability of outer space activities.","start":4018.73,"end":4027.85,"topics":[{"key":"orbital-servicing-guidelines","label":"On-Orbit Servicing and Proximity Operations","description":"Participants examined satellite servicing, refueling, and rendezvous and proximity operations as capabilities essential to sustainability but potentially associated with security risks. They discussed transparent operational guidelines, safety standards, authorization procedures, and international regulatory coordination."}],"words":[{"text":"Rendezvous","start":4018.73,"end":4019.37},{"text":"and","start":4019.37,"end":4019.49},{"text":"proximity","start":4019.49,"end":4020.09},{"text":"operations","start":4020.09,"end":4021.05},{"text":"are","start":4021.05,"end":4021.21},{"text":"central","start":4021.21,"end":4021.85},{"text":"to","start":4021.85,"end":4022.05},{"text":"both","start":4022.05,"end":4022.57},{"text":"international","start":4022.73,"end":4023.37},{"text":"security","start":4023.37,"end":4024.09},{"text":"and","start":4024.41,"end":4024.77},{"text":"the","start":4024.77,"end":4024.85},{"text":"long-term","start":4024.85,"end":4025.53},{"text":"sustainability","start":4025.53,"end":4026.45},{"text":"of","start":4026.45,"end":4026.65},{"text":"outer","start":4026.65,"end":4026.85},{"text":"space","start":4026.85,"end":4027.21},{"text":"activities.","start":4027.21,"end":4027.85}]},{"text":"They sit squarely at the intersection of this joint meeting's work, as the presentations have shown today.","start":4028.17,"end":4034.65,"topics":[{"key":"orbital-servicing-guidelines","label":"On-Orbit Servicing and Proximity Operations","description":"Participants examined satellite servicing, refueling, and rendezvous and proximity operations as capabilities essential to sustainability but potentially associated with security risks. They discussed transparent operational guidelines, safety standards, authorization procedures, and international regulatory coordination."}],"words":[{"text":"They","start":4028.17,"end":4028.33},{"text":"sit","start":4028.33,"end":4028.65},{"text":"squarely","start":4028.73,"end":4029.41},{"text":"at","start":4029.41,"end":4029.49},{"text":"the","start":4029.49,"end":4029.57},{"text":"intersection","start":4029.57,"end":4030.49},{"text":"of","start":4030.53,"end":4030.61},{"text":"this","start":4030.61,"end":4030.89},{"text":"joint","start":4030.89,"end":4031.17},{"text":"meeting's","start":4031.17,"end":4031.53},{"text":"work,","start":4031.53,"end":4031.93},{"text":"as","start":4032.25,"end":4032.49},{"text":"the","start":4032.49,"end":4032.61},{"text":"presentations","start":4032.61,"end":4033.53},{"text":"have","start":4033.53,"end":4033.69},{"text":"shown","start":4033.69,"end":4034.09},{"text":"today.","start":4034.09,"end":4034.65}]},{"text":"My question is for Mr. Nick Shave, Managing Director of Astroscale UK.","start":4035.21,"end":4040.41,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"My","start":4035.21,"end":4035.37},{"text":"question","start":4035.37,"end":4036.01},{"text":"is","start":4036.01,"end":4036.25},{"text":"for","start":4036.25,"end":4036.41},{"text":"Mr.","start":4036.41,"end":4036.65},{"text":"Nick","start":4036.65,"end":4036.89},{"text":"Shave,","start":4036.89,"end":4037.45},{"text":"Managing","start":4038.09,"end":4038.49},{"text":"Director","start":4038.49,"end":4039.01},{"text":"of","start":4039.01,"end":4039.29},{"text":"Astroscale","start":4039.29,"end":4039.93},{"text":"UK.","start":4039.93,"end":4040.41}]},{"text":"Through the Consortium for Execution of Rendezvous and Servicing Operations, or CONFSRS, industry has developed voluntary safety guidelines for these operations.","start":4041.09,"end":4051.73,"topics":[{"key":"orbital-servicing-guidelines","label":"On-Orbit Servicing and Proximity Operations","description":"Participants examined satellite servicing, refueling, and rendezvous and proximity operations as capabilities essential to sustainability but potentially associated with security risks. They discussed transparent operational guidelines, safety standards, authorization procedures, and international regulatory coordination."}],"words":[{"text":"Through","start":4041.09,"end":4041.33},{"text":"the","start":4041.33,"end":4041.49},{"text":"Consortium","start":4041.57,"end":4042.37},{"text":"for","start":4042.37,"end":4042.61},{"text":"Execution","start":4042.61,"end":4043.41},{"text":"of","start":4043.41,"end":4043.57},{"text":"Rendezvous","start":4043.57,"end":4044.05},{"text":"and","start":4044.05,"end":4044.17},{"text":"Servicing","start":4044.17,"end":4044.61},{"text":"Operations,","start":4044.61,"end":4045.41},{"text":"or","start":4045.65,"end":4045.97},{"text":"CONFSRS,","start":4046.17,"end":4047.33},{"text":"industry","start":4047.57,"end":4048.05},{"text":"has","start":4048.05,"end":4048.29},{"text":"developed","start":4048.29,"end":4048.85},{"text":"voluntary","start":4048.85,"end":4049.57},{"text":"safety","start":4049.57,"end":4049.97},{"text":"guidelines","start":4049.97,"end":4050.61},{"text":"for","start":4050.61,"end":4050.73},{"text":"these","start":4050.73,"end":4050.93},{"text":"operations.","start":4050.93,"end":4051.73}]},{"text":"What lessons from that work could help member states gathered here today build shared expectations for safe and responsible behavior in space?","start":4051.89,"end":4061.09,"topics":[{"key":"orbital-servicing-guidelines","label":"On-Orbit Servicing and Proximity Operations","description":"Participants examined satellite servicing, refueling, and rendezvous and proximity operations as capabilities essential to sustainability but potentially associated with security risks. They discussed transparent operational guidelines, safety standards, authorization procedures, and international regulatory 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you.","start":4061.33,"end":4061.81,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":4061.33,"end":4061.61},{"text":"you.","start":4061.61,"end":4061.81}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"USA","group":null,"function":null,"affiliation_full":"United States of America"}},{"statement_number":15,"start":4065.01,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c1/81/25?lang=en&t=1:07:46","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of the United States.","start":4065.01,"end":4068.05,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":4065.01,"end":4065.02},{"text":"thank","start":4065.17,"end":4065.49},{"text":"the","start":4065.49,"end":4065.57},{"text":"distinguished","start":4065.57,"end":4066.05},{"text":"representative","start":4066.05,"end":4067.09},{"text":"of","start":4067.09,"end":4067.29},{"text":"the","start":4067.29,"end":4067.37},{"text":"United","start":4067.37,"end":4067.73},{"text":"States.","start":4067.73,"end":4068.05}]},{"text":"Now I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Pakistan.","start":4068.05,"end":4070.77,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Now","start":4068.05,"end":4068.21},{"text":"I","start":4068.29,"end":4068.37},{"text":"give","start":4068.37,"end":4068.61},{"text":"the","start":4068.61,"end":4068.69},{"text":"floor","start":4068.73,"end":4068.93},{"text":"to","start":4068.93,"end":4069.01},{"text":"the","start":4069.01,"end":4069.09},{"text":"distinguished","start":4069.09,"end":4069.57},{"text":"representative","start":4069.57,"end":4070.13},{"text":"of","start":4070.13,"end":4070.21},{"text":"Pakistan.","start":4070.21,"end":4070.77}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"1st Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair","affiliation_full":"1st Committee"}},{"statement_number":16,"start":4073.97,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c1/81/25?lang=en&t=1:07:54","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Chair.","start":4073.97,"end":4074.53,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":4073.97,"end":4074.17},{"text":"you,","start":4074.17,"end":4074.25},{"text":"Chair.","start":4074.25,"end":4074.53}]},{"text":"Good morning to all colleagues.","start":4075.97,"end":4077.17,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Good","start":4075.97,"end":4076.13},{"text":"morning","start":4076.13,"end":4076.45},{"text":"to","start":4076.45,"end":4076.57},{"text":"all","start":4076.57,"end":4076.77},{"text":"colleagues.","start":4076.77,"end":4077.17}]},{"text":"I wish to thank the panelists for their very insightful remarks today and wish to highlight that Pakistan welcomes this joint panel.","start":4077.57,"end":4086.05,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":4077.57,"end":4077.65},{"text":"wish","start":4077.89,"end":4078.09},{"text":"to","start":4078.09,"end":4078.21},{"text":"thank","start":4078.21,"end":4078.53},{"text":"the","start":4078.53,"end":4078.61},{"text":"panelists","start":4078.61,"end":4079.33},{"text":"for","start":4079.57,"end":4079.97},{"text":"their","start":4079.97,"end":4080.13},{"text":"very","start":4080.13,"end":4080.33},{"text":"insightful","start":4080.33,"end":4080.77},{"text":"remarks","start":4080.77,"end":4081.33},{"text":"today","start":4081.73,"end":4082.13},{"text":"and","start":4082.13,"end":4082.53},{"text":"wish","start":4083.25,"end":4083.65},{"text":"to","start":4083.65,"end":4083.77},{"text":"highlight","start":4083.77,"end":4084.09},{"text":"that","start":4084.09,"end":4084.21},{"text":"Pakistan","start":4084.21,"end":4084.77},{"text":"welcomes","start":4084.77,"end":4085.17},{"text":"this","start":4085.17,"end":4085.37},{"text":"joint","start":4085.37,"end":4085.65},{"text":"panel.","start":4085.65,"end":4086.05}]},{"text":"Security and sustainability are two faces of one objective: keeping outer space a peaceful domain and open to all and used for the benefit of all.","start":4086.45,"end":4093.81,"topics":[{"key":"equitable-space-access","label":"Equitable Access and Space Capacity Building","description":"Delegations stressed that all countries, especially developing countries and emerging space nations, should benefit from space technologies and resources. 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They emphasized complementary work across Vienna, Geneva, and New York while respecting mandates and avoiding fragmentation or duplication."}],"words":[{"text":"For","start":4094.45,"end":4094.69},{"text":"this,","start":4094.69,"end":4095.01},{"text":"we","start":4095.01,"end":4095.25},{"text":"welcome","start":4095.25,"end":4095.65},{"text":"the","start":4095.65,"end":4095.73},{"text":"discussions","start":4095.73,"end":4096.25},{"text":"in","start":4096.25,"end":4096.37},{"text":"Vienna,","start":4096.37,"end":4096.77},{"text":"Geneva,","start":4096.77,"end":4097.21},{"text":"New","start":4097.21,"end":4097.37},{"text":"York,","start":4097.37,"end":4097.81},{"text":"which","start":4097.81,"end":4098.13},{"text":"must","start":4098.13,"end":4098.41},{"text":"reinforce","start":4098.41,"end":4098.93},{"text":"one","start":4098.93,"end":4099.13},{"text":"another","start":4099.13,"end":4099.45},{"text":"and","start":4099.45,"end":4099.57},{"text":"not","start":4099.57,"end":4099.81},{"text":"duplicate","start":4099.81,"end":4100.37},{"text":"each","start":4100.37,"end":4100.57},{"text":"other.","start":4100.57,"end":4100.85}]},{"text":"I would just request some thoughts by the Director of UNOOSA, Ms. Aarti Holamaini, on how she is looking towards this conversation that we are having at the moment about maintaining the peaceful ambit of outer space, especially with recent developments that have come up.","start":4101.57,"end":4119.09,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":4101.57,"end":4101.65},{"text":"would","start":4101.65,"end":4101.81},{"text":"just","start":4101.81,"end":4102.13},{"text":"request","start":4102.57,"end":4103.09},{"text":"some","start":4103.89,"end":4104.13},{"text":"thoughts","start":4104.13,"end":4104.53},{"text":"by","start":4104.53,"end":4104.85},{"text":"the","start":4104.85,"end":4104.93},{"text":"Director","start":4104.93,"end":4105.49},{"text":"of","start":4105.49,"end":4105.73},{"text":"UNOOSA,","start":4105.73,"end":4106.73},{"text":"Ms.","start":4106.73,"end":4107.01},{"text":"Aarti","start":4107.01,"end":4107.33},{"text":"Holamaini,","start":4107.33,"end":4107.89},{"text":"on","start":4108.41,"end":4108.53},{"text":"how","start":4108.53,"end":4108.85},{"text":"she","start":4108.85,"end":4109.17},{"text":"is","start":4109.17,"end":4109.41},{"text":"looking","start":4109.65,"end":4110.05},{"text":"towards","start":4110.21,"end":4110.69},{"text":"this","start":4110.93,"end":4111.17},{"text":"conversation","start":4111.41,"end":4112.01},{"text":"that","start":4112.01,"end":4112.17},{"text":"we","start":4112.17,"end":4112.25},{"text":"are","start":4112.25,"end":4112.33},{"text":"having","start":4112.33,"end":4112.61},{"text":"at","start":4112.61,"end":4112.73},{"text":"the","start":4112.73,"end":4112.85},{"text":"moment","start":4112.85,"end":4113.21},{"text":"about","start":4113.21,"end":4113.65},{"text":"maintaining","start":4114.05,"end":4114.77},{"text":"the","start":4114.77,"end":4114.93},{"text":"peaceful","start":4114.93,"end":4115.49},{"text":"ambit","start":4115.49,"end":4115.85},{"text":"of","start":4115.85,"end":4115.97},{"text":"outer","start":4115.97,"end":4116.29},{"text":"space,","start":4116.29,"end":4116.77},{"text":"especially","start":4116.85,"end":4117.33},{"text":"with","start":4117.33,"end":4117.49},{"text":"recent","start":4117.49,"end":4117.89},{"text":"developments","start":4117.89,"end":4118.41},{"text":"that","start":4118.41,"end":4118.57},{"text":"have","start":4118.57,"end":4118.69},{"text":"come","start":4118.69,"end":4118.93},{"text":"up.","start":4118.93,"end":4119.09}]},{"text":"security might be important, but how do we keep ensuring that the work of COPUS remains more relevant than ever, and how can we work, all delegations work together in building towards this objective?","start":4119.93,"end":4132.41,"topics":[{"key":"coherent-space-governance","label":"Coherent International Space Governance","description":"Speakers called for stronger exchanges between UN bodies addressing space security and those responsible for peaceful uses and sustainability. 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issue of trust, the issue of universality, the issue of solidarity, is what underpins.","start":4263.17,"end":4277.33,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":4263.17,"end":4263.49},{"text":"the","start":4263.49,"end":4263.61},{"text":"issue","start":4263.65,"end":4264.21},{"text":"of","start":4264.45,"end":4264.77},{"text":"trust,","start":4265.25,"end":4265.81},{"text":"the","start":4267.57,"end":4267.69},{"text":"issue","start":4267.77,"end":4267.97},{"text":"of","start":4267.97,"end":4268.13},{"text":"universality,","start":4268.13,"end":4269.17},{"text":"the","start":4270.93,"end":4271.05},{"text":"issue","start":4271.17,"end":4271.57},{"text":"of","start":4271.57,"end":4271.89},{"text":"solidarity,","start":4274.05,"end":4275.01},{"text":"is","start":4275.89,"end":4276.17},{"text":"what","start":4276.17,"end":4276.45},{"text":"underpins.","start":4276.45,"end":4277.33}]},{"text":"So whether it is space governance, whether it is AI governance, these are all reflections of the 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know, I'm a village man.","start":4293.73,"end":4294.85,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"You","start":4293.73,"end":4293.81},{"text":"know,","start":4293.81,"end":4293.89},{"text":"I'm","start":4293.89,"end":4294.09},{"text":"a","start":4294.09,"end":4294.13},{"text":"village","start":4294.13,"end":4294.45},{"text":"man.","start":4294.45,"end":4294.85}]},{"text":"They say that the back leg of the horse, no matter how fast it wants to run, cannot run faster than the front leg of the 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that's my political response to your question.","start":4303.89,"end":4306.21,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":4303.89,"end":4304.17},{"text":"that's","start":4304.17,"end":4304.45},{"text":"my","start":4304.45,"end":4304.69},{"text":"political","start":4304.69,"end":4305.17},{"text":"response","start":4305.17,"end":4305.57},{"text":"to","start":4305.57,"end":4305.69},{"text":"your","start":4305.69,"end":4305.81},{"text":"question.","start":4305.81,"end":4306.21}]},{"text":"Thank you.","start":4306.21,"end":4306.57,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":4306.21,"end":4306.49},{"text":"you.","start":4306.49,"end":4306.57}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"UNODA","group":null,"function":"Director and Deputy to the High Representative for Disarmament Affairs","affiliation_full":"UNODA"}},{"statement_number":19,"start":4308.69,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c1/81/25?lang=en&t=1:11:49","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Mr. Igbu. Now I give the floor to Ms. Hola Maini to respond to the questions raised and comments made from the floor.","start":4308.69,"end":4317.29,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":4308.69,"end":4309.01},{"text":"you,","start":4309.01,"end":4309.17},{"text":"Mr.","start":4309.17,"end":4309.49},{"text":"Igbu.","start":4309.49,"end":4309.73},{"text":"Now","start":4309.73,"end":4310.05},{"text":"I","start":4310.05,"end":4310.37},{"text":"give","start":4310.53,"end":4310.85},{"text":"the","start":4310.85,"end":4310.93},{"text":"floor","start":4310.93,"end":4311.33},{"text":"to","start":4311.33,"end":4311.81},{"text":"Ms.","start":4312.33,"end":4312.85},{"text":"Hola","start":4312.85,"end":4313.41},{"text":"Maini","start":4313.41,"end":4313.89},{"text":"to","start":4313.89,"end":4314.05},{"text":"respond","start":4314.05,"end":4314.57},{"text":"to","start":4314.57,"end":4314.65},{"text":"the","start":4314.65,"end":4314.77},{"text":"questions","start":4314.77,"end":4315.45},{"text":"raised","start":4315.45,"end":4315.89},{"text":"and","start":4315.89,"end":4316.09},{"text":"comments","start":4316.09,"end":4316.45},{"text":"made","start":4316.45,"end":4316.77},{"text":"from","start":4316.77,"end":4317.01},{"text":"the","start":4317.01,"end":4317.09},{"text":"floor.","start":4317.09,"end":4317.29}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"1st Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair","affiliation_full":"1st Committee"}},{"statement_number":20,"start":4318.69,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c1/81/25?lang=en&t=1:11:59","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you very much, Mr. Chair.","start":4318.69,"end":4321.33,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":4318.69,"end":4318.93},{"text":"you","start":4318.93,"end":4319.01},{"text":"very","start":4319.01,"end":4319.33},{"text":"much,","start":4319.33,"end":4319.89},{"text":"Mr.","start":4320.73,"end":4321.01},{"text":"Chair.","start":4321.01,"end":4321.33}]},{"text":"Responding to the question concerning how COPUS can continue to advance and remain useful in its work, the challenge for us as an office is really to keep member states conscious of the fact that to harm another object in space is to harm yourself.","start":4322.69,"end":4341.81,"topics":[{"key":"space-arms-race","label":"Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space","description":"Speakers addressed growing weaponization, counter-space capabilities, and risks of conflict in orbit. 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Now I invite Mr. McKnight to respond to the questions raised and comments made.","start":4382.61,"end":4391.01,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":4382.61,"end":4382.77},{"text":"thank","start":4382.85,"end":4383.13},{"text":"Ms.","start":4383.13,"end":4383.49},{"text":"Holamaini.","start":4383.49,"end":4384.21},{"text":"Now","start":4384.21,"end":4384.53},{"text":"I","start":4384.61,"end":4384.85},{"text":"invite","start":4385.49,"end":4386.29},{"text":"Mr.","start":4386.37,"end":4386.77},{"text":"McKnight","start":4386.77,"end":4387.57},{"text":"to","start":4388.13,"end":4388.33},{"text":"respond","start":4388.65,"end":4389.13},{"text":"to","start":4389.13,"end":4389.21},{"text":"the","start":4389.21,"end":4389.29},{"text":"questions","start":4389.33,"end":4389.85},{"text":"raised","start":4389.85,"end":4390.25},{"text":"and","start":4390.25,"end":4390.37},{"text":"comments","start":4390.37,"end":4390.77},{"text":"made.","start":4390.77,"end":4391.01}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"1st Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair","affiliation_full":"1st Committee"}},{"statement_number":22,"start":4393.25,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c1/81/25?lang=en&t=1:13:14","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Mr. Chair, and thank you, delegates, for your questions.","start":4393.25,"end":4396.37,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":4393.25,"end":4393.49},{"text":"you,","start":4393.49,"end":4393.57},{"text":"Mr.","start":4393.57,"end":4393.89},{"text":"Chair,","start":4393.89,"end":4394.25},{"text":"and","start":4394.25,"end":4394.61},{"text":"thank","start":4394.61,"end":4394.85},{"text":"you,","start":4394.85,"end":4394.93},{"text":"delegates,","start":4394.93,"end":4395.45},{"text":"for","start":4395.45,"end":4395.65},{"text":"your","start":4395.65,"end":4395.77},{"text":"questions.","start":4395.77,"end":4396.37}]},{"text":"I'm going to answer all of the questions in one response.","start":4396.37,"end":4399.81,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I'm","start":4396.37,"end":4396.69},{"text":"going","start":4396.69,"end":4396.85},{"text":"to","start":4396.85,"end":4396.97},{"text":"answer","start":4396.97,"end":4397.57},{"text":"all","start":4397.57,"end":4397.81},{"text":"of","start":4397.81,"end":4397.89},{"text":"the","start":4397.89,"end":4398.01},{"text":"questions","start":4398.01,"end":4398.53},{"text":"in","start":4398.53,"end":4398.69},{"text":"one","start":4398.69,"end":4399.09},{"text":"response.","start":4399.09,"end":4399.81}]},{"text":"There are two things we need to do.","start":4400.13,"end":4401.65,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"There","start":4400.13,"end":4400.25},{"text":"are","start":4400.25,"end":4400.33},{"text":"two","start":4400.33,"end":4400.53},{"text":"things","start":4400.53,"end":4400.93},{"text":"we","start":4400.93,"end":4401.01},{"text":"need","start":4401.01,"end":4401.17},{"text":"to","start":4401.17,"end":4401.33},{"text":"do.","start":4401.33,"end":4401.65}]},{"text":"Communicate and do not leave objects on orbit that we cannot manage their risk.","start":4402.41,"end":4407.29,"topics":[{"key":"space-debris-management","label":"Space Debris Mitigation and Removal","description":"Discussions emphasized the collision risks posed by accumulating debris, abandoned rocket bodies, and defunct satellites. 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are encouraged to deliver summarized interventions and submit full statements to estatements@un.org.","start":4708.13,"end":4716.57,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Delegations","start":4708.13,"end":4708.77},{"text":"are","start":4708.77,"end":4708.97},{"text":"encouraged","start":4708.97,"end":4709.41},{"text":"to","start":4709.41,"end":4709.53},{"text":"deliver","start":4709.53,"end":4710.05},{"text":"summarized","start":4710.61,"end":4711.17},{"text":"interventions","start":4711.17,"end":4711.89},{"text":"and","start":4711.89,"end":4712.13},{"text":"submit","start":4712.13,"end":4712.69},{"text":"full","start":4713.45,"end":4713.65},{"text":"statements","start":4713.65,"end":4714.65},{"text":"to","start":4714.65,"end":4714.93},{"text":"estatements@un.org.","start":4715.53,"end":4716.57}]},{"text":"The floor is now open for national 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present, global governance of outer space stands at a critical crossroads.","start":4740.81,"end":4745.81,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"At","start":4740.81,"end":4740.97},{"text":"present,","start":4740.97,"end":4741.45},{"text":"global","start":4742.41,"end":4742.69},{"text":"governance","start":4742.69,"end":4743.17},{"text":"of","start":4743.17,"end":4743.33},{"text":"outer","start":4743.33,"end":4743.57},{"text":"space","start":4743.57,"end":4744.09},{"text":"stands","start":4744.09,"end":4744.45},{"text":"at","start":4744.45,"end":4744.65},{"text":"a","start":4744.65,"end":4744.69},{"text":"critical","start":4744.69,"end":4745.09},{"text":"crossroads.","start":4745.09,"end":4745.81}]},{"text":"Competition for space resources is intensifying.","start":4746.61,"end":4749.97,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Competition","start":4746.61,"end":4747.33},{"text":"for","start":4747.33,"end":4747.73},{"text":"space","start":4747.73,"end":4748.21},{"text":"resources","start":4748.21,"end":4748.85},{"text":"is","start":4748.85,"end":4749.09},{"text":"intensifying.","start":4749.09,"end":4749.97}]},{"text":"While the technological divide in the space sector continues to widen, the rights of all countries to participate equally in outer space activities and share the benefits of outer space are not adequately safeguarded.","start":4750.89,"end":4762.85,"topics":[{"key":"equitable-space-access","label":"Equitable Access and Space Capacity Building","description":"Delegations stressed that all countries, especially developing countries and emerging space nations, should benefit from space technologies and resources. They advocated technical assistance, training, knowledge transfer, and inclusive participation in space governance."}],"words":[{"text":"While","start":4750.89,"end":4751.25},{"text":"the","start":4751.25,"end":4751.41},{"text":"technological","start":4751.41,"end":4752.21},{"text":"divide","start":4752.21,"end":4752.69},{"text":"in","start":4752.69,"end":4752.85},{"text":"the","start":4752.85,"end":4752.97},{"text":"space","start":4752.97,"end":4753.21},{"text":"sector","start":4753.21,"end":4753.57},{"text":"continues","start":4753.57,"end":4754.05},{"text":"to","start":4754.05,"end":4754.21},{"text":"widen,","start":4754.21,"end":4754.77},{"text":"the","start":4755.17,"end":4755.29},{"text":"rights","start":4755.33,"end":4755.65},{"text":"of","start":4755.69,"end":4755.77},{"text":"all","start":4755.77,"end":4755.89},{"text":"countries","start":4755.89,"end":4756.37},{"text":"to","start":4756.37,"end":4756.53},{"text":"participate","start":4756.53,"end":4757.09},{"text":"equally","start":4757.09,"end":4757.49},{"text":"in","start":4757.49,"end":4757.73},{"text":"outer","start":4757.73,"end":4757.97},{"text":"space","start":4757.97,"end":4758.29},{"text":"activities","start":4758.29,"end":4758.93},{"text":"and","start":4758.93,"end":4759.13},{"text":"share","start":4759.13,"end":4759.49},{"text":"the","start":4759.49,"end":4759.61},{"text":"benefits","start":4759.61,"end":4760.13},{"text":"of","start":4760.41,"end":4760.49},{"text":"outer","start":4760.53,"end":4760.77},{"text":"space","start":4760.77,"end":4761.17},{"text":"are","start":4761.17,"end":4761.25},{"text":"not","start":4761.25,"end":4761.49},{"text":"adequately","start":4761.49,"end":4762.05},{"text":"safeguarded.","start":4762.05,"end":4762.85}]},{"text":"The risks of the The weaponization of outer space and arms race in outer space are rising markedly.","start":4763.25,"end":4769.17,"topics":[{"key":"space-arms-race","label":"Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space","description":"Speakers addressed growing weaponization, counter-space capabilities, and risks of conflict in orbit. They debated legally binding agreements, voluntary norms of responsible behavior, and transparency measures as approaches to preserving peaceful uses of space."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":4763.25,"end":4763.37},{"text":"risks","start":4763.37,"end":4763.81},{"text":"of","start":4763.89,"end":4764.13},{"text":"the","start":4764.13,"end":4764.25},{"text":"The","start":4765.21,"end":4765.25},{"text":"weaponization","start":4765.25,"end":4765.89},{"text":"of","start":4765.89,"end":4765.97},{"text":"outer","start":4765.97,"end":4766.21},{"text":"space","start":4766.21,"end":4766.57},{"text":"and","start":4766.57,"end":4766.77},{"text":"arms","start":4766.77,"end":4767.17},{"text":"race","start":4767.17,"end":4767.41},{"text":"in","start":4767.41,"end":4767.53},{"text":"outer","start":4767.53,"end":4767.73},{"text":"space","start":4767.73,"end":4768.05},{"text":"are","start":4768.05,"end":4768.25},{"text":"rising","start":4768.25,"end":4768.57},{"text":"markedly.","start":4768.57,"end":4769.17}]},{"text":"A certain country is seeking to dominate outer space, accelerating military buildups and preparations for combat in outer space and openly deploying weapons there, which seriously undermines the stability and lasting peace in outer space.","start":4769.57,"end":4784.69,"topics":[{"key":"space-arms-race","label":"Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space","description":"Speakers addressed growing weaponization, counter-space capabilities, and risks of conflict in orbit. 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They emphasized complementary work across Vienna, Geneva, and New York while respecting mandates and avoiding fragmentation or duplication."}],"words":[{"text":"Fragmentation","start":4790.57,"end":4791.37},{"text":"and","start":4791.37,"end":4791.65},{"text":"deficits","start":4791.65,"end":4792.25},{"text":"in","start":4792.49,"end":4792.65},{"text":"global","start":4792.65,"end":4792.97},{"text":"space","start":4792.97,"end":4793.29},{"text":"governance","start":4793.29,"end":4793.69},{"text":"have","start":4793.69,"end":4793.85},{"text":"become","start":4793.85,"end":4794.25},{"text":"increasingly","start":4794.25,"end":4794.73},{"text":"prominent.","start":4794.73,"end":4795.37}]},{"text":"Recently, Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi announced China's position on strengthening outer space governance at the Global Governance Forum held in Xun'an, setting out constructive approaches to issues of common concern to the international community and contributing Chinese wisdom to advancing a just and equitable outer space governance system and fostering a community with a shared future for humanity in outer space.","start":4796.09,"end":4822.05,"topics":[{"key":"coherent-space-governance","label":"Coherent International Space Governance","description":"Speakers called for stronger exchanges between UN bodies addressing space security and those responsible for peaceful uses and sustainability. They emphasized complementary work across Vienna, Geneva, and New York while respecting mandates and avoiding fragmentation or 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relevant document will be circulated as an official document of the General Assembly.","start":4823.01,"end":4828.37,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":4823.01,"end":4823.13},{"text":"relevant","start":4823.17,"end":4823.61},{"text":"document","start":4823.61,"end":4824.17},{"text":"will","start":4824.61,"end":4824.85},{"text":"be","start":4824.85,"end":4825.17},{"text":"circulated","start":4825.17,"end":4825.89},{"text":"as","start":4825.97,"end":4826.17},{"text":"an","start":4826.17,"end":4826.29},{"text":"official","start":4826.29,"end":4826.69},{"text":"document","start":4826.69,"end":4827.25},{"text":"of","start":4827.25,"end":4827.41},{"text":"the","start":4827.41,"end":4827.53},{"text":"General","start":4827.53,"end":4827.81},{"text":"Assembly.","start":4827.81,"end":4828.37}]},{"text":"I wish to take this opportunity to highlight China's core propositions on development.","start":4828.85,"end":4835.73,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":4828.85,"end":4829.01},{"text":"wish","start":4829.01,"end":4829.17},{"text":"to","start":4829.17,"end":4829.41},{"text":"take","start":4829.41,"end":4829.61},{"text":"this","start":4829.61,"end":4829.81},{"text":"opportunity","start":4829.81,"end":4830.61},{"text":"to","start":4830.85,"end":4831.05},{"text":"highlight","start":4831.05,"end":4831.65},{"text":"China's","start":4831.89,"end":4832.37},{"text":"core","start":4832.37,"end":4832.77},{"text":"propositions","start":4832.77,"end":4833.57},{"text":"on","start":4834.93,"end":4835.13},{"text":"development.","start":4835.13,"end":4835.73}]},{"text":"China advocates safeguarding the right of all countries to have equitable access to outer space and to explore and use outer space free from discrimination, while ensuring that the benefits of space exploration are shared by all humanity.","start":4836.93,"end":4852.61,"topics":[{"key":"equitable-space-access","label":"Equitable Access and Space Capacity Building","description":"Delegations stressed that all countries, especially developing countries and emerging space nations, should benefit from space technologies and resources. They advocated technical assistance, training, knowledge transfer, and inclusive participation in space governance."}],"words":[{"text":"China","start":4836.93,"end":4837.25},{"text":"advocates","start":4837.33,"end":4838.09},{"text":"safeguarding","start":4838.61,"end":4839.33},{"text":"the","start":4839.33,"end":4839.49},{"text":"right","start":4839.49,"end":4839.97},{"text":"of","start":4840.29,"end":4840.61},{"text":"all","start":4840.69,"end":4840.85},{"text":"countries","start":4840.85,"end":4841.37},{"text":"to","start":4841.37,"end":4841.49},{"text":"have","start":4841.49,"end":4841.81},{"text":"equitable","start":4841.89,"end":4842.53},{"text":"access","start":4842.61,"end":4842.97},{"text":"to","start":4843.25,"end":4843.41},{"text":"outer","start":4843.49,"end":4843.73},{"text":"space","start":4843.73,"end":4844.13},{"text":"and","start":4844.13,"end":4844.29},{"text":"to","start":4844.29,"end":4844.45},{"text":"explore","start":4844.45,"end":4845.09},{"text":"and","start":4845.25,"end":4845.41},{"text":"use","start":4845.41,"end":4845.69},{"text":"outer","start":4845.73,"end":4845.97},{"text":"space","start":4845.97,"end":4846.37},{"text":"free","start":4846.37,"end":4846.69},{"text":"from","start":4846.69,"end":4846.93},{"text":"discrimination,","start":4846.93,"end":4847.81},{"text":"while","start":4848.01,"end":4848.45},{"text":"ensuring","start":4848.45,"end":4848.93},{"text":"that","start":4848.93,"end":4849.17},{"text":"the","start":4849.17,"end":4849.25},{"text":"benefits","start":4849.25,"end":4849.81},{"text":"of","start":4849.81,"end":4849.97},{"text":"space","start":4849.97,"end":4850.29},{"text":"exploration","start":4850.29,"end":4851.09},{"text":"are","start":4851.09,"end":4851.25},{"text":"shared","start":4851.25,"end":4851.57},{"text":"by","start":4851.57,"end":4851.73},{"text":"all","start":4851.81,"end":4851.97},{"text":"humanity.","start":4851.97,"end":4852.61}]},{"text":"We attach importance to the needs of developing countries, strengthen international exchanges and cooperation, and oppose discriminatory policies and barriers.","start":4853.77,"end":4862.09,"topics":[{"key":"equitable-space-access","label":"Equitable Access and Space Capacity Building","description":"Delegations stressed that all countries, especially developing countries and emerging space nations, should benefit from space technologies and resources. They advocated technical assistance, training, knowledge transfer, and inclusive participation in space governance."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4853.77,"end":4853.93},{"text":"attach","start":4853.93,"end":4854.25},{"text":"importance","start":4854.25,"end":4854.81},{"text":"to","start":4854.81,"end":4854.97},{"text":"the","start":4854.97,"end":4855.09},{"text":"needs","start":4855.09,"end":4855.45},{"text":"of","start":4855.45,"end":4855.61},{"text":"developing","start":4855.61,"end":4856.01},{"text":"countries,","start":4856.01,"end":4856.57},{"text":"strengthen","start":4856.65,"end":4857.17},{"text":"international","start":4857.17,"end":4857.69},{"text":"exchanges","start":4857.69,"end":4858.25},{"text":"and","start":4858.25,"end":4858.37},{"text":"cooperation,","start":4858.37,"end":4859.05},{"text":"and","start":4859.21,"end":4859.41},{"text":"oppose","start":4859.41,"end":4859.85},{"text":"discriminatory","start":4860.01,"end":4860.73},{"text":"policies","start":4860.73,"end":4861.37},{"text":"and","start":4861.37,"end":4861.49},{"text":"barriers.","start":4861.49,"end":4862.09}]},{"text":"While encouraging the development of the space economy, we should also regulate commercial space activities.","start":4862.45,"end":4868.81,"topics":[{"key":"commercial-satellite-constellations","label":"Commercial Satellite Constellations","description":"Participants discussed the expansion of commercial mega-constellations and their implications for orbital congestion, access to orbital and frequency resources, and regulation. 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welcome this joint roundtable that reminds us that the peaceful use of outer space and prevention of its militarization are two complementary goals of equal importance for achieving the ideals of Paris.","start":4984.97,"end":4998.65,"topics":[{"key":"space-arms-race","label":"Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space","description":"Speakers addressed growing weaponization, counter-space capabilities, and risks of conflict in orbit. 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They emphasized complementary work across Vienna, Geneva, and New York while respecting mandates and avoiding fragmentation or duplication."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":4999.29,"end":4999.49},{"text":"the","start":4999.49,"end":4999.61},{"text":"context","start":4999.61,"end":5000.33},{"text":"of","start":5000.45,"end":5000.57},{"text":"growing","start":5000.81,"end":5001.21},{"text":"dependence","start":5001.21,"end":5001.81},{"text":"on","start":5001.81,"end":5001.93},{"text":"spatial","start":5001.93,"end":5002.33},{"text":"technology,","start":5002.33,"end":5003.13},{"text":"both","start":5004.09,"end":5004.41},{"text":"for","start":5004.41,"end":5004.57},{"text":"security","start":5004.57,"end":5005.13},{"text":"and","start":5005.13,"end":5005.41},{"text":"development,","start":5005.41,"end":5006.05},{"text":"it","start":5006.05,"end":5006.17},{"text":"is","start":5006.17,"end":5006.33},{"text":"worrying","start":5006.33,"end":5006.81},{"text":"to","start":5006.81,"end":5006.97},{"text":"note","start":5006.97,"end":5007.37},{"text":"that","start":5008.37,"end":5008.69},{"text":"divergences","start":5008.69,"end":5009.61},{"text":"prevent","start":5009.61,"end":5010.01},{"text":"us","start":5010.01,"end":5010.13},{"text":"from","start":5010.13,"end":5010.29},{"text":"moving","start":5010.29,"end":5010.61},{"text":"forward","start":5010.61,"end":5011.05},{"text":"in","start":5011.05,"end":5011.29},{"text":"the","start":5011.29,"end":5011.37},{"text":"work","start":5011.37,"end":5012.01},{"text":"of","start":5012.13,"end":5012.29},{"text":"the","start":5012.29,"end":5012.41},{"text":"First","start":5012.41,"end":5012.69},{"text":"and","start":5012.69,"end":5012.81},{"text":"Fourth","start":5012.81,"end":5013.05},{"text":"Committees.","start":5013.05,"end":5013.69}]},{"text":"In this context, my delegation wishes to highlight three points.","start":5013.69,"end":5017.85,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":5013.69,"end":5013.77},{"text":"this","start":5013.77,"end":5013.93},{"text":"context,","start":5013.93,"end":5014.65},{"text":"my","start":5015.37,"end":5015.53},{"text":"delegation","start":5015.53,"end":5016.25},{"text":"wishes","start":5016.25,"end":5016.65},{"text":"to","start":5016.65,"end":5016.77},{"text":"highlight","start":5016.77,"end":5017.13},{"text":"three","start":5017.13,"end":5017.37},{"text":"points.","start":5017.37,"end":5017.85}]},{"text":"Firstly, space is a common good of humanity.","start":5018.33,"end":5022.89,"topics":[{"key":"equitable-space-access","label":"Equitable Access and Space Capacity Building","description":"Delegations stressed that all countries, especially developing countries and emerging space nations, should benefit from space technologies and resources. They advocated technical assistance, training, knowledge transfer, and inclusive participation in space governance."}],"words":[{"text":"Firstly,","start":5018.33,"end":5018.89},{"text":"space","start":5020.17,"end":5020.81},{"text":"is","start":5020.97,"end":5021.17},{"text":"a","start":5021.17,"end":5021.21},{"text":"common","start":5021.21,"end":5021.53},{"text":"good","start":5021.53,"end":5021.85},{"text":"of","start":5021.93,"end":5022.13},{"text":"humanity.","start":5022.13,"end":5022.89}]},{"text":"It is collectively owned, and this should not be undermined.","start":5024.01,"end":5027.37,"topics":[{"key":"equitable-space-access","label":"Equitable Access and Space Capacity Building","description":"Delegations stressed that all countries, especially developing countries and emerging space nations, should benefit from space technologies and resources. They advocated technical assistance, training, knowledge transfer, and inclusive participation in space governance."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":5024.01,"end":5024.13},{"text":"is","start":5024.13,"end":5024.33},{"text":"collectively","start":5024.33,"end":5025.13},{"text":"owned,","start":5025.29,"end":5025.69},{"text":"and","start":5025.81,"end":5026.01},{"text":"this","start":5026.01,"end":5026.25},{"text":"should","start":5026.25,"end":5026.37},{"text":"not","start":5026.37,"end":5026.53},{"text":"be","start":5026.53,"end":5026.65},{"text":"undermined.","start":5026.65,"end":5027.37}]},{"text":"Like other developing countries, Senegal is developing space capacity with a view to developing systems that will support its development.","start":5028.45,"end":5036.09,"topics":[{"key":"equitable-space-access","label":"Equitable Access and Space Capacity Building","description":"Delegations stressed that all countries, especially developing countries and emerging space nations, should benefit from space technologies and resources. 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They warned that disruptions to space infrastructure could undermine essential services and disproportionately affect vulnerable countries."}],"words":[{"text":"Like","start":5028.45,"end":5028.73},{"text":"other","start":5028.73,"end":5028.89},{"text":"developing","start":5028.89,"end":5029.33},{"text":"countries,","start":5029.33,"end":5030.01},{"text":"Senegal","start":5030.09,"end":5030.49},{"text":"is","start":5030.49,"end":5030.57},{"text":"developing","start":5030.57,"end":5031.13},{"text":"space","start":5031.13,"end":5031.45},{"text":"capacity","start":5031.45,"end":5032.41},{"text":"with","start":5032.41,"end":5032.65},{"text":"a","start":5032.81,"end":5032.85},{"text":"view","start":5032.85,"end":5033.13},{"text":"to","start":5033.13,"end":5033.29},{"text":"developing","start":5033.29,"end":5033.85},{"text":"systems","start":5033.85,"end":5034.49},{"text":"that","start":5034.49,"end":5034.73},{"text":"will","start":5034.73,"end":5034.85},{"text":"support","start":5034.85,"end":5035.29},{"text":"its","start":5035.29,"end":5035.45},{"text":"development.","start":5035.49,"end":5036.09}]},{"text":"effort will be spared to ensure its universalization so that we can develop civil applications in the area of communications, earth observation systems, satellite navigation, healthcare, education, protection of the environment, and monitoring and surveillance, as well as the preservation of natural resources.","start":5038.05,"end":5058.89,"topics":[{"key":"space-development-applications","label":"Space Applications for Sustainable Development","description":"Speakers highlighted the importance of satellite services for communications, navigation, disaster preparedness, climate monitoring, and other development needs. They warned that disruptions to space infrastructure could undermine essential services and disproportionately affect vulnerable countries."}],"words":[{"text":"effort","start":5038.05,"end":5038.69},{"text":"will","start":5040.21,"end":5040.45},{"text":"be","start":5040.45,"end":5040.61},{"text":"spared","start":5040.61,"end":5041.17},{"text":"to","start":5041.17,"end":5041.29},{"text":"ensure","start":5041.45,"end":5041.89},{"text":"its","start":5041.89,"end":5042.21},{"text":"universalization","start":5042.21,"end":5043.57},{"text":"so","start":5043.57,"end":5043.81},{"text":"that","start":5043.89,"end":5044.05},{"text":"we","start":5044.05,"end":5044.21},{"text":"can","start":5044.21,"end":5044.45},{"text":"develop","start":5044.45,"end":5044.93},{"text":"civil","start":5044.93,"end":5045.81},{"text":"applications","start":5045.81,"end":5046.61},{"text":"in","start":5046.61,"end":5046.69},{"text":"the","start":5046.69,"end":5046.77},{"text":"area","start":5046.77,"end":5047.01},{"text":"of","start":5047.01,"end":5047.09},{"text":"communications,","start":5047.09,"end":5048.29},{"text":"earth","start":5048.29,"end":5048.53},{"text":"observation","start":5048.53,"end":5049.09},{"text":"systems,","start":5049.09,"end":5050.37},{"text":"satellite","start":5050.61,"end":5050.97},{"text":"navigation,","start":5050.97,"end":5051.73},{"text":"healthcare,","start":5051.73,"end":5052.37},{"text":"education,","start":5052.69,"end":5053.57},{"text":"protection","start":5053.57,"end":5053.93},{"text":"of","start":5053.93,"end":5054.01},{"text":"the","start":5054.01,"end":5054.09},{"text":"environment,","start":5054.09,"end":5054.65},{"text":"and","start":5054.65,"end":5054.93},{"text":"monitoring","start":5054.93,"end":5055.57},{"text":"and","start":5056.45,"end":5056.61},{"text":"surveillance,","start":5056.61,"end":5057.17},{"text":"as","start":5057.17,"end":5057.25},{"text":"well","start":5057.25,"end":5057.37},{"text":"as","start":5057.37,"end":5057.45},{"text":"the","start":5057.45,"end":5057.53},{"text":"preservation","start":5057.53,"end":5057.97},{"text":"of","start":5057.97,"end":5058.05},{"text":"natural","start":5058.05,"end":5058.37},{"text":"resources.","start":5058.37,"end":5058.89}]},{"text":"Secondly, in the context of the current geopolitical climate, we must urgently move beyond the divergences so that we can prevent an arms race in outer space.","start":5058.89,"end":5070.53,"topics":[{"key":"space-arms-race","label":"Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space","description":"Speakers addressed growing weaponization, counter-space capabilities, and risks of conflict in orbit. They debated legally binding agreements, voluntary norms of responsible behavior, and transparency measures as approaches to preserving peaceful uses of space."}],"words":[{"text":"Secondly,","start":5058.89,"end":5059.53},{"text":"in","start":5059.53,"end":5059.65},{"text":"the","start":5059.65,"end":5059.73},{"text":"context","start":5059.73,"end":5060.21},{"text":"of","start":5060.21,"end":5060.29},{"text":"the","start":5060.29,"end":5060.37},{"text":"current","start":5060.37,"end":5060.77},{"text":"geopolitical","start":5060.77,"end":5061.33},{"text":"climate,","start":5061.33,"end":5061.89},{"text":"we","start":5062.61,"end":5063.01},{"text":"must","start":5063.09,"end":5063.65},{"text":"urgently","start":5063.65,"end":5064.13},{"text":"move","start":5064.13,"end":5064.61},{"text":"beyond","start":5064.61,"end":5065.33},{"text":"the","start":5065.33,"end":5065.41},{"text":"divergences","start":5065.41,"end":5066.37},{"text":"so","start":5067.85,"end":5067.93},{"text":"that","start":5067.93,"end":5068.09},{"text":"we","start":5068.09,"end":5068.25},{"text":"can","start":5068.25,"end":5068.41},{"text":"prevent","start":5068.41,"end":5068.81},{"text":"an","start":5068.81,"end":5068.89},{"text":"arms","start":5068.89,"end":5069.13},{"text":"race","start":5069.13,"end":5069.45},{"text":"in","start":5069.45,"end":5069.69},{"text":"outer","start":5069.73,"end":5069.97},{"text":"space.","start":5069.97,"end":5070.53}]},{"text":"Senegal's position is quite simple.","start":5070.53,"end":5072.25,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Senegal's","start":5070.53,"end":5071.01},{"text":"position","start":5071.01,"end":5071.33},{"text":"is","start":5071.33,"end":5071.41},{"text":"quite","start":5071.41,"end":5071.61},{"text":"simple.","start":5071.61,"end":5072.25}]},{"text":"Binding legal instruments and non-binding voluntary norms that constitute the existing framework do not in any way exclude negotiations about new legally binding instruments in order to guarantee the peaceful nature of operations.","start":5073.05,"end":5088.89,"topics":[{"key":"space-arms-race","label":"Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space","description":"Speakers addressed growing weaponization, counter-space capabilities, and risks of conflict in orbit. They debated legally binding agreements, voluntary norms of responsible behavior, and transparency measures as approaches to preserving peaceful uses of space."}],"words":[{"text":"Binding","start":5073.05,"end":5073.61},{"text":"legal","start":5073.61,"end":5073.93},{"text":"instruments","start":5073.93,"end":5074.65},{"text":"and","start":5074.65,"end":5075.05},{"text":"non-binding","start":5075.05,"end":5075.85},{"text":"voluntary","start":5076.49,"end":5076.97},{"text":"norms","start":5076.97,"end":5077.53},{"text":"that","start":5077.53,"end":5077.69},{"text":"constitute","start":5077.69,"end":5078.33},{"text":"the","start":5078.33,"end":5078.41},{"text":"existing","start":5078.41,"end":5078.85},{"text":"framework","start":5078.85,"end":5079.33},{"text":"do","start":5079.77,"end":5079.93},{"text":"not","start":5079.93,"end":5080.09},{"text":"in","start":5080.09,"end":5080.25},{"text":"any","start":5080.25,"end":5080.49},{"text":"way","start":5080.49,"end":5080.65},{"text":"exclude","start":5080.65,"end":5081.61},{"text":"negotiations","start":5081.61,"end":5082.41},{"text":"about","start":5082.41,"end":5082.77},{"text":"new","start":5082.77,"end":5083.37},{"text":"legally","start":5083.77,"end":5084.17},{"text":"binding","start":5084.17,"end":5084.57},{"text":"instruments","start":5084.57,"end":5085.05},{"text":"in","start":5085.05,"end":5085.17},{"text":"order","start":5085.17,"end":5085.37},{"text":"to","start":5085.37,"end":5085.53},{"text":"guarantee","start":5085.53,"end":5086.49},{"text":"the","start":5086.81,"end":5086.89},{"text":"peaceful","start":5086.89,"end":5087.37},{"text":"nature","start":5087.37,"end":5087.77},{"text":"of","start":5087.77,"end":5087.85},{"text":"operations.","start":5087.85,"end":5088.89}]},{"text":"We reaffirm the applicability of the current legal framework in the absence of such an agreement.","start":5091.17,"end":5097.89,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":5091.17,"end":5091.33},{"text":"reaffirm","start":5091.81,"end":5092.53},{"text":"the","start":5092.53,"end":5092.65},{"text":"applicability","start":5092.65,"end":5093.81},{"text":"of","start":5094.01,"end":5094.21},{"text":"the","start":5094.37,"end":5094.57},{"text":"current","start":5094.61,"end":5095.29},{"text":"legal","start":5095.29,"end":5095.65},{"text":"framework","start":5095.65,"end":5096.05},{"text":"in","start":5096.05,"end":5096.17},{"text":"the","start":5096.17,"end":5096.25},{"text":"absence","start":5096.25,"end":5096.65},{"text":"of","start":5096.65,"end":5096.73},{"text":"such","start":5096.77,"end":5097.05},{"text":"an","start":5097.05,"end":5097.25},{"text":"agreement.","start":5097.25,"end":5097.89}]},{"text":"There is an urgent need to take measures of transparency and risk mitigation in order to strengthen the confidence and trust between states.","start":5100.21,"end":5107.57,"topics":[{"key":"space-traffic-coordination","label":"Space Traffic Coordination and Situational Awareness","description":"Speakers advocated improved monitoring, information sharing, operator communication, and collision warnings to manage increasingly congested orbits. Shared space situational awareness was also presented as a means of reducing misunderstandings and supporting verification."}],"words":[{"text":"There","start":5100.21,"end":5100.49},{"text":"is","start":5100.49,"end":5100.61},{"text":"an","start":5100.61,"end":5100.77},{"text":"urgent","start":5100.77,"end":5101.09},{"text":"need","start":5101.09,"end":5101.29},{"text":"to","start":5101.29,"end":5101.45},{"text":"take","start":5101.45,"end":5101.57},{"text":"measures","start":5101.57,"end":5101.93},{"text":"of","start":5101.93,"end":5102.05},{"text":"transparency","start":5102.05,"end":5103.09},{"text":"and","start":5103.09,"end":5103.29},{"text":"risk","start":5103.29,"end":5103.49},{"text":"mitigation","start":5103.49,"end":5104.09},{"text":"in","start":5104.09,"end":5104.25},{"text":"order","start":5104.25,"end":5104.45},{"text":"to","start":5104.45,"end":5104.57},{"text":"strengthen","start":5104.57,"end":5105.33},{"text":"the","start":5105.49,"end":5105.61},{"text":"confidence","start":5105.61,"end":5106.25},{"text":"and","start":5106.25,"end":5106.37},{"text":"trust","start":5106.37,"end":5106.69},{"text":"between","start":5106.69,"end":5107.09},{"text":"states.","start":5107.09,"end":5107.57}]},{"text":"Finally, the importance of multilateral cooperation in order to overcome the challenges linked to outer space and in order to favor space exploration and its peaceful uses.","start":5108.93,"end":5119.33,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Finally,","start":5108.93,"end":5109.41},{"text":"the","start":5109.41,"end":5109.53},{"text":"importance","start":5109.53,"end":5109.89},{"text":"of","start":5109.89,"end":5109.97},{"text":"multilateral","start":5109.97,"end":5110.53},{"text":"cooperation","start":5110.53,"end":5111.41},{"text":"in","start":5111.41,"end":5111.57},{"text":"order","start":5111.57,"end":5111.85},{"text":"to","start":5111.85,"end":5111.93},{"text":"overcome","start":5111.93,"end":5112.45},{"text":"the","start":5112.69,"end":5112.85},{"text":"challenges","start":5112.85,"end":5113.41},{"text":"linked","start":5113.41,"end":5113.69},{"text":"to","start":5113.69,"end":5113.77},{"text":"outer","start":5113.77,"end":5114.13},{"text":"space","start":5114.13,"end":5114.53},{"text":"and","start":5114.53,"end":5114.77},{"text":"in","start":5114.77,"end":5114.85},{"text":"order","start":5114.85,"end":5115.09},{"text":"to","start":5115.09,"end":5115.21},{"text":"favor","start":5115.21,"end":5115.81},{"text":"space","start":5116.61,"end":5117.25},{"text":"exploration","start":5117.25,"end":5118.05},{"text":"and","start":5118.05,"end":5118.21},{"text":"its","start":5118.21,"end":5118.37},{"text":"peaceful","start":5118.37,"end":5118.77},{"text":"uses.","start":5118.77,"end":5119.33}]},{"text":"is urgent, and we call for a more structured dialogue on national space programs developed by states and on the means to strengthen civilian applications of space technologies.","start":5120.57,"end":5129.93,"topics":[{"key":"space-development-applications","label":"Space Applications for Sustainable Development","description":"Speakers highlighted the importance of satellite services for communications, navigation, disaster preparedness, climate monitoring, and other development needs. 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this same vein, the geographical characteristics of our Atacama Desert offer great opportunities for scientific research and for technological 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our National Space Center that was inaugurated in December 2025 represents a major step forward in terms of strengthening our capacities in the area of satellite integration, mission control, and geospatial information processing.","start":5305.41,"end":5322.93,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Similarly,","start":5305.41,"end":5306.21},{"text":"our","start":5306.21,"end":5306.29},{"text":"National","start":5306.69,"end":5307.41},{"text":"Space","start":5307.41,"end":5307.85},{"text":"Center","start":5307.85,"end":5308.25},{"text":"that","start":5308.29,"end":5308.53},{"text":"was","start":5308.53,"end":5308.77},{"text":"inaugurated","start":5309.17,"end":5309.97},{"text":"in","start":5309.97,"end":5310.21},{"text":"December","start":5310.21,"end":5310.85},{"text":"2025","start":5311.17,"end":5311.97},{"text":"represents","start":5311.97,"end":5312.45},{"text":"a","start":5312.45,"end":5312.49},{"text":"major","start":5312.49,"end":5312.81},{"text":"step","start":5312.81,"end":5313.05},{"text":"forward","start":5313.05,"end":5313.49},{"text":"in","start":5313.49,"end":5313.65},{"text":"terms","start":5313.65,"end":5313.93},{"text":"of","start":5313.93,"end":5314.01},{"text":"strengthening","start":5314.01,"end":5314.61},{"text":"our","start":5315.25,"end":5315.33},{"text":"capacities","start":5315.33,"end":5316.29},{"text":"in","start":5316.85,"end":5317.09},{"text":"the","start":5317.09,"end":5317.21},{"text":"area","start":5317.21,"end":5317.69},{"text":"of","start":5317.69,"end":5317.81},{"text":"satellite","start":5317.81,"end":5318.29},{"text":"integration,","start":5318.29,"end":5319.13},{"text":"mission","start":5319.13,"end":5319.41},{"text":"control,","start":5319.41,"end":5320.05},{"text":"and","start":5320.45,"end":5321.01},{"text":"geospatial","start":5321.17,"end":5321.73},{"text":"information","start":5321.73,"end":5322.13},{"text":"processing.","start":5322.13,"end":5322.93}]},{"text":"This initiative reflects Chile's commitment to scientific and technological development and to generate opportunities for cooperation, especially with countries of Latin America and the Caribbean.","start":5323.45,"end":5334.97,"topics":[{"key":"equitable-space-access","label":"Equitable Access and Space Capacity Building","description":"Delegations stressed that all countries, especially developing countries and emerging space nations, should benefit from space technologies and resources. They advocated technical assistance, training, knowledge transfer, and inclusive participation in space governance."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":5323.45,"end":5323.77},{"text":"initiative","start":5323.77,"end":5324.65},{"text":"reflects","start":5324.65,"end":5325.37},{"text":"Chile's","start":5325.45,"end":5325.85},{"text":"commitment","start":5325.85,"end":5326.73},{"text":"to","start":5326.97,"end":5327.05},{"text":"scientific","start":5327.05,"end":5327.73},{"text":"and","start":5327.73,"end":5327.85},{"text":"technological","start":5327.85,"end":5328.41},{"text":"development","start":5328.41,"end":5329.13},{"text":"and","start":5329.57,"end":5329.73},{"text":"to","start":5329.73,"end":5329.81},{"text":"generate","start":5329.81,"end":5330.21},{"text":"opportunities","start":5330.21,"end":5330.89},{"text":"for","start":5330.89,"end":5331.05},{"text":"cooperation,","start":5331.05,"end":5331.85},{"text":"especially","start":5331.85,"end":5332.73},{"text":"with","start":5332.73,"end":5333.09},{"text":"countries","start":5333.09,"end":5333.57},{"text":"of","start":5333.57,"end":5333.69},{"text":"Latin","start":5333.69,"end":5333.89},{"text":"America","start":5333.89,"end":5334.17},{"text":"and","start":5334.17,"end":5334.29},{"text":"the","start":5334.29,"end":5334.37},{"text":"Caribbean.","start":5334.37,"end":5334.97}]},{"text":"Chairs, Chile gives special importance to the protection of darkness and silence, which is fundamental for astronomical observation and for advancing scientific knowledge.","start":5335.61,"end":5347.85,"topics":[{"key":"dark-quiet-skies","label":"Protection of Dark and Quiet Skies","description":"Speakers addressed the effects of space activities on ground-based astronomy, including light pollution and radio interference from satellite constellations. They emphasized preserving observation conditions while enabling sustainable development of space activities."}],"words":[{"text":"Chairs,","start":5335.61,"end":5336.01},{"text":"Chile","start":5337.21,"end":5337.69},{"text":"gives","start":5337.85,"end":5338.09},{"text":"special","start":5338.09,"end":5338.49},{"text":"importance","start":5338.49,"end":5339.37},{"text":"to","start":5340.01,"end":5340.21},{"text":"the","start":5340.41,"end":5340.57},{"text":"protection","start":5340.57,"end":5341.37},{"text":"of","start":5341.41,"end":5341.61},{"text":"darkness","start":5341.61,"end":5342.17},{"text":"and","start":5342.17,"end":5342.57},{"text":"silence,","start":5342.65,"end":5343.57},{"text":"which","start":5343.57,"end":5343.85},{"text":"is","start":5343.85,"end":5344.01},{"text":"fundamental","start":5344.01,"end":5344.57},{"text":"for","start":5344.57,"end":5344.69},{"text":"astronomical","start":5344.69,"end":5345.17},{"text":"observation","start":5345.17,"end":5345.73},{"text":"and","start":5345.73,"end":5345.85},{"text":"for","start":5345.85,"end":5346.13},{"text":"advancing","start":5346.17,"end":5346.77},{"text":"scientific","start":5346.77,"end":5347.45},{"text":"knowledge.","start":5347.45,"end":5347.85}]},{"text":"In this regard, we highlight the need to preserve the conditions that make astronomical research from Earth possible and promoting development of space activities.","start":5349.85,"end":5363.41,"topics":[{"key":"dark-quiet-skies","label":"Protection of Dark and Quiet Skies","description":"Speakers addressed the effects of space activities on ground-based astronomy, including light pollution and radio interference from satellite constellations. 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also want to highlight that in this year, Santiago will be hosting two major meetings, the Americas Space Forum, organized by Global Forum on ICTAC on the 13th of November, and a technical assistance meeting on space sustainability for Latin America and the 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was organized by the UN, USA, together with ECLAC from the 2nd to 4th of December.","start":5385.61,"end":5394.01,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":5385.61,"end":5385.77},{"text":"was","start":5385.77,"end":5385.97},{"text":"organized","start":5385.97,"end":5386.41},{"text":"by","start":5386.41,"end":5386.73},{"text":"the","start":5386.89,"end":5386.97},{"text":"UN,","start":5388.33,"end":5388.97},{"text":"USA,","start":5389.21,"end":5389.57},{"text":"together","start":5390.01,"end":5390.73},{"text":"with","start":5390.73,"end":5391.01},{"text":"ECLAC","start":5392.21,"end":5392.61},{"text":"from","start":5392.61,"end":5392.77},{"text":"the","start":5392.77,"end":5392.85},{"text":"2nd","start":5392.85,"end":5393.17},{"text":"to","start":5393.17,"end":5393.25},{"text":"4th","start":5393.29,"end":5393.53},{"text":"of","start":5393.53,"end":5393.61},{"text":"December.","start":5393.61,"end":5394.01}]},{"text":"Thank you very much, Chair.","start":5394.01,"end":5394.89,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":5394.01,"end":5394.17},{"text":"you","start":5394.17,"end":5394.25},{"text":"very","start":5394.25,"end":5394.49},{"text":"much,","start":5394.49,"end":5394.77},{"text":"Chair.","start":5394.77,"end":5394.89}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"CHL","group":null,"function":null,"affiliation_full":"Chile"}},{"statement_number":32,"start":5395.93,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c1/81/25?lang=en&t=1:29:56","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of Chile, and I give the floor to the distinguished representative of the Russian 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Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair","affiliation_full":"4th Committee"}},{"statement_number":33,"start":5405.85,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c1/81/25?lang=en&t=1:30:06","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Mr. Chairman.","start":5405.85,"end":5408.09,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":5405.85,"end":5406.21},{"text":"you,","start":5406.21,"end":5406.29},{"text":"Mr.","start":5406.29,"end":5406.57},{"text":"Chairman.","start":5407.69,"end":5408.09}]},{"text":"We are grateful for convening a joint meeting of the First and Fourth Committee on such an important topic for international security.","start":5408.93,"end":5415.57,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":5408.93,"end":5409.05},{"text":"are","start":5409.05,"end":5409.17},{"text":"grateful","start":5409.57,"end":5410.05},{"text":"for","start":5410.05,"end":5410.21},{"text":"convening","start":5410.21,"end":5410.85},{"text":"a","start":5410.85,"end":5410.93},{"text":"joint","start":5410.93,"end":5411.25},{"text":"meeting","start":5411.25,"end":5411.57},{"text":"of","start":5411.57,"end":5411.65},{"text":"the","start":5411.65,"end":5411.73},{"text":"First","start":5411.73,"end":5412.01},{"text":"and","start":5412.01,"end":5412.13},{"text":"Fourth","start":5412.13,"end":5412.37},{"text":"Committee","start":5412.37,"end":5412.81},{"text":"on","start":5412.81,"end":5412.93},{"text":"such","start":5412.93,"end":5413.25},{"text":"an","start":5413.25,"end":5413.41},{"text":"important","start":5413.41,"end":5414.01},{"text":"topic","start":5414.01,"end":5414.45},{"text":"for","start":5414.45,"end":5414.57},{"text":"international","start":5414.57,"end":5415.09},{"text":"security.","start":5415.09,"end":5415.57}]},{"text":"The Russian Federation has consistently and categorically rejects attempts to turn space into an arena of armed confrontation.","start":5415.97,"end":5423.89,"topics":[{"key":"space-arms-race","label":"Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space","description":"Speakers addressed growing weaponization, counter-space capabilities, and risks of conflict in orbit. 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updated draft, Russian draft, on space science and technology for promoting peace is intended to highlight this 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delegations to take a principled stand by ensuring the adoption of this document during the current session of the UN General 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full version of the statement will be posted on the electronic platform.","start":5666.49,"end":5670.57,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":5666.49,"end":5666.73},{"text":"full","start":5666.73,"end":5666.89},{"text":"version","start":5666.89,"end":5667.21},{"text":"of","start":5667.21,"end":5667.29},{"text":"the","start":5667.29,"end":5667.37},{"text":"statement","start":5667.37,"end":5667.81},{"text":"will","start":5667.81,"end":5668.01},{"text":"be","start":5668.01,"end":5668.41},{"text":"posted","start":5668.81,"end":5669.29},{"text":"on","start":5669.29,"end":5669.53},{"text":"the","start":5669.53,"end":5669.65},{"text":"electronic","start":5669.65,"end":5670.17},{"text":"platform.","start":5670.17,"end":5670.57}]},{"text":"Thank you.","start":5670.57,"end":5670.89,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":5670.57,"end":5670.81},{"text":"you.","start":5670.81,"end":5670.89}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"RUS","group":null,"function":null,"affiliation_full":"Russian Federation"}},{"statement_number":34,"start":5671.09,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c1/81/25?lang=en&t=1:34:32","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you.","start":5671.09,"end":5671.53,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":5671.09,"end":5671.37},{"text":"you.","start":5671.37,"end":5671.53}]},{"text":"I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Indonesia.","start":5672.17,"end":5675.21,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":5672.17,"end":5672.25},{"text":"give","start":5672.33,"end":5672.49},{"text":"the","start":5672.49,"end":5672.61},{"text":"floor","start":5672.61,"end":5672.81},{"text":"to","start":5672.81,"end":5672.89},{"text":"the","start":5672.89,"end":5673.01},{"text":"distinguished","start":5673.01,"end":5673.61},{"text":"representative","start":5673.61,"end":5674.17},{"text":"of","start":5674.17,"end":5674.41},{"text":"Indonesia.","start":5674.49,"end":5675.21}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"4th Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair","affiliation_full":"4th Committee"}},{"statement_number":35,"start":5679.45,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c1/81/25?lang=en&t=1:34:40","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Chairs.","start":5679.45,"end":5680.01,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Chairs.","start":5679.45,"end":5680.01}]},{"text":"Indonesia welcomes the convening of this joint panel discussion.","start":5680.73,"end":5683.33,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Indonesia","start":5680.73,"end":5681.09},{"text":"welcomes","start":5681.09,"end":5681.53},{"text":"the","start":5681.53,"end":5681.65},{"text":"convening","start":5681.65,"end":5682.13},{"text":"of","start":5682.13,"end":5682.21},{"text":"this","start":5682.21,"end":5682.37},{"text":"joint","start":5682.37,"end":5682.53},{"text":"panel","start":5682.53,"end":5682.73},{"text":"discussion.","start":5682.73,"end":5683.33}]},{"text":"We thank the co-chairs, the Office for Disarmament Affairs, and the Office for Outer Space Affairs for bringing us together.","start":5683.97,"end":5689.01,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":5683.97,"end":5684.13},{"text":"thank","start":5684.13,"end":5684.29},{"text":"the","start":5684.29,"end":5684.37},{"text":"co-chairs,","start":5684.37,"end":5685.01},{"text":"the","start":5685.17,"end":5685.29},{"text":"Office","start":5685.29,"end":5685.57},{"text":"for","start":5685.57,"end":5685.77},{"text":"Disarmament","start":5685.77,"end":5686.21},{"text":"Affairs,","start":5686.21,"end":5686.57},{"text":"and","start":5686.57,"end":5686.73},{"text":"the","start":5686.73,"end":5686.81},{"text":"Office","start":5686.85,"end":5687.25},{"text":"for","start":5687.25,"end":5687.41},{"text":"Outer","start":5687.41,"end":5687.57},{"text":"Space","start":5687.57,"end":5687.89},{"text":"Affairs","start":5687.89,"end":5688.21},{"text":"for","start":5688.21,"end":5688.33},{"text":"bringing","start":5688.33,"end":5688.57},{"text":"us","start":5688.57,"end":5688.65},{"text":"together.","start":5688.65,"end":5689.01}]},{"text":"We also thank the panelists for their valuable insights and updates.","start":5690.13,"end":5692.85,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":5690.13,"end":5690.25},{"text":"also","start":5690.25,"end":5690.45},{"text":"thank","start":5690.45,"end":5690.69},{"text":"the","start":5690.69,"end":5690.77},{"text":"panelists","start":5690.77,"end":5691.21},{"text":"for","start":5691.21,"end":5691.33},{"text":"their","start":5691.33,"end":5691.53},{"text":"valuable","start":5691.53,"end":5691.85},{"text":"insights","start":5691.85,"end":5692.25},{"text":"and","start":5692.25,"end":5692.41},{"text":"updates.","start":5692.41,"end":5692.85}]},{"text":"This discussion comes at a critical time as outer space becomes increasingly important to our daily lives.","start":5694.21,"end":5699.65,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":5694.21,"end":5694.45},{"text":"discussion","start":5694.53,"end":5695.01},{"text":"comes","start":5695.01,"end":5695.21},{"text":"at","start":5695.21,"end":5695.29},{"text":"a","start":5695.29,"end":5695.33},{"text":"critical","start":5695.33,"end":5695.65},{"text":"time","start":5695.65,"end":5696.05},{"text":"as","start":5696.45,"end":5696.77},{"text":"outer","start":5696.77,"end":5696.93},{"text":"space","start":5696.93,"end":5697.25},{"text":"becomes","start":5697.25,"end":5697.73},{"text":"increasingly","start":5697.73,"end":5698.41},{"text":"important","start":5698.41,"end":5698.81},{"text":"to","start":5698.81,"end":5698.89},{"text":"our","start":5698.89,"end":5699.01},{"text":"daily","start":5699.01,"end":5699.25},{"text":"lives.","start":5699.25,"end":5699.65}]},{"text":"Our collective responsibility to keep it peaceful, safe, and sustainable is greater than ever.","start":5700.29,"end":5705.33,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Our","start":5700.29,"end":5700.45},{"text":"collective","start":5700.45,"end":5700.93},{"text":"responsibility","start":5700.93,"end":5701.73},{"text":"to","start":5701.73,"end":5701.81},{"text":"keep","start":5701.81,"end":5701.97},{"text":"it","start":5701.97,"end":5702.13},{"text":"peaceful,","start":5702.13,"end":5702.77},{"text":"safe,","start":5703.17,"end":5703.65},{"text":"and","start":5703.65,"end":5703.81},{"text":"sustainable","start":5703.81,"end":5704.29},{"text":"is","start":5704.29,"end":5704.45},{"text":"greater","start":5704.45,"end":5704.85},{"text":"than","start":5704.85,"end":5705.01},{"text":"ever.","start":5705.01,"end":5705.33}]},{"text":"For Indonesia, as an archipelagic country, Space-based technologies support connectivity, maritime safety, environmental monitoring, and disaster management.","start":5706.61,"end":5716.41,"topics":[{"key":"space-development-applications","label":"Space 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Speakers called for implementation of sustainability guidelines, timely disposal of spacecraft, and investment in active debris removal."},{"key":"space-traffic-coordination","label":"Space Traffic Coordination and Situational Awareness","description":"Speakers advocated improved monitoring, information sharing, operator communication, and collision warnings to manage increasingly congested orbits. Shared space situational awareness was also presented as a means of reducing misunderstandings and supporting verification."},{"key":"space-arms-race","label":"Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space","description":"Speakers addressed growing weaponization, counter-space capabilities, and risks of conflict in orbit. They debated legally binding agreements, voluntary norms of responsible behavior, and transparency measures as approaches to preserving peaceful uses of space."}],"words":[{"text":"Space","start":5722.65,"end":5722.93},{"text":"debris,","start":5722.93,"end":5723.53},{"text":"orbital","start":5723.85,"end":5724.17},{"text":"congestion,","start":5724.17,"end":5724.97},{"text":"and","start":5724.97,"end":5725.17},{"text":"the","start":5725.17,"end":5725.25},{"text":"risk","start":5725.25,"end":5725.57},{"text":"of","start":5725.57,"end":5725.69},{"text":"an","start":5725.69,"end":5725.77},{"text":"arms","start":5725.77,"end":5726.01},{"text":"race","start":5726.01,"end":5726.49},{"text":"could","start":5727.05,"end":5727.29},{"text":"undermine","start":5727.29,"end":5727.73},{"text":"the","start":5727.73,"end":5727.85},{"text":"benefits","start":5727.85,"end":5728.25},{"text":"of","start":5728.29,"end":5728.41},{"text":"outer","start":5728.41,"end":5728.57},{"text":"space","start":5728.57,"end":5728.89},{"text":"for","start":5728.89,"end":5729.05},{"text":"everyone.","start":5729.05,"end":5729.53}]},{"text":"These developments underline the growing connection between the peaceful uses of outer space and the prevention of an arms race in outer space.","start":5730.89,"end":5737.77,"topics":[{"key":"space-arms-race","label":"Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space","description":"Speakers addressed growing weaponization, counter-space capabilities, and risks of conflict in orbit. They debated legally binding agreements, voluntary norms of responsible behavior, and transparency measures as approaches to preserving peaceful uses of space."}],"words":[{"text":"These","start":5730.89,"end":5731.17},{"text":"developments","start":5731.17,"end":5731.69},{"text":"underline","start":5731.69,"end":5732.17},{"text":"the","start":5732.17,"end":5732.25},{"text":"growing","start":5732.25,"end":5732.53},{"text":"connection","start":5732.53,"end":5733.05},{"text":"between","start":5733.05,"end":5733.37},{"text":"the","start":5733.37,"end":5733.45},{"text":"peaceful","start":5733.45,"end":5733.85},{"text":"uses","start":5733.85,"end":5734.21},{"text":"of","start":5734.21,"end":5734.33},{"text":"outer","start":5734.33,"end":5734.49},{"text":"space","start":5734.49,"end":5735.05},{"text":"and","start":5735.37,"end":5735.61},{"text":"the","start":5735.61,"end":5735.69},{"text":"prevention","start":5735.69,"end":5736.13},{"text":"of","start":5736.13,"end":5736.25},{"text":"an","start":5736.25,"end":5736.33},{"text":"arms","start":5736.33,"end":5736.61},{"text":"race","start":5736.61,"end":5736.97},{"text":"in","start":5736.97,"end":5737.13},{"text":"outer","start":5737.13,"end":5737.37},{"text":"space.","start":5737.37,"end":5737.77}]},{"text":"Threats to space security can affect civilian space systems and the services that depend on them.","start":5739.61,"end":5744.41,"topics":[{"key":"space-development-applications","label":"Space Applications for Sustainable Development","description":"Speakers highlighted the importance of satellite services for communications, navigation, disaster preparedness, climate monitoring, and other development needs. 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They emphasized complementary work across Vienna, Geneva, and New York while respecting mandates and avoiding fragmentation or duplication."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":5762.73,"end":5763.05},{"text":"UN","start":5763.05,"end":5763.21},{"text":"panel","start":5763.21,"end":5763.69},{"text":"offers","start":5763.69,"end":5764.01},{"text":"an","start":5764.01,"end":5764.09},{"text":"opportunity","start":5764.09,"end":5764.73},{"text":"to","start":5764.73,"end":5764.89},{"text":"identify","start":5764.89,"end":5765.29},{"text":"shared","start":5765.29,"end":5765.57},{"text":"challenges","start":5765.57,"end":5766.09},{"text":"and","start":5766.09,"end":5766.21},{"text":"areas","start":5766.21,"end":5766.61},{"text":"of","start":5766.61,"end":5766.73},{"text":"cooperation,","start":5766.73,"end":5767.45},{"text":"while","start":5768.05,"end":5768.41},{"text":"respecting","start":5768.41,"end":5768.97},{"text":"the","start":5768.97,"end":5769.09},{"text":"respective","start":5769.09,"end":5769.77},{"text":"mandates","start":5769.77,"end":5770.25},{"text":"of","start":5770.25,"end":5770.33},{"text":"the","start":5770.33,"end":5770.49},{"text":"First","start":5770.49,"end":5770.73},{"text":"and","start":5770.73,"end":5770.85},{"text":"Fourth","start":5770.85,"end":5771.05},{"text":"Committees,","start":5771.05,"end":5771.69},{"text":"COPUOS,","start":5771.89,"end":5772.89},{"text":"and","start":5772.97,"end":5773.25},{"text":"relevant","start":5773.25,"end":5773.61},{"text":"disarmament","start":5773.61,"end":5774.09},{"text":"forums.","start":5774.09,"end":5774.57}]},{"text":"But it should also be a starting point for a more sustained exchange.","start":5776.09,"end":5779.61,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"But","start":5776.09,"end":5776.29},{"text":"it","start":5776.29,"end":5776.45},{"text":"should","start":5776.45,"end":5776.57},{"text":"also","start":5776.57,"end":5776.93},{"text":"be","start":5776.93,"end":5777.29},{"text":"a","start":5777.29,"end":5777.33},{"text":"starting","start":5777.33,"end":5777.77},{"text":"point","start":5777.77,"end":5778.01},{"text":"for","start":5778.01,"end":5778.25},{"text":"a","start":5778.25,"end":5778.29},{"text":"more","start":5778.29,"end":5778.49},{"text":"sustained","start":5778.49,"end":5778.89},{"text":"exchange.","start":5778.89,"end":5779.61}]},{"text":"As the connection between space security and the peaceful uses of outer space grow, so too does the need for closer coordination and a more coherent approach to the challenges before us.","start":5780.49,"end":5790.73,"topics":[{"key":"coherent-space-governance","label":"Coherent International Space Governance","description":"Speakers called for stronger exchanges between UN bodies addressing space security and those responsible for peaceful uses and sustainability. They emphasized complementary work across Vienna, Geneva, and New York while respecting mandates and avoiding fragmentation or duplication."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":5780.49,"end":5780.73},{"text":"the","start":5780.73,"end":5780.81},{"text":"connection","start":5780.81,"end":5781.25},{"text":"between","start":5781.25,"end":5781.61},{"text":"space","start":5781.61,"end":5781.89},{"text":"security","start":5781.89,"end":5782.37},{"text":"and","start":5782.37,"end":5782.49},{"text":"the","start":5782.49,"end":5782.57},{"text":"peaceful","start":5782.57,"end":5782.97},{"text":"uses","start":5782.97,"end":5783.29},{"text":"of","start":5783.29,"end":5783.45},{"text":"outer","start":5783.45,"end":5783.61},{"text":"space","start":5783.61,"end":5783.93},{"text":"grow,","start":5783.93,"end":5784.41},{"text":"so","start":5784.89,"end":5785.29},{"text":"too","start":5785.29,"end":5785.69},{"text":"does","start":5785.69,"end":5785.93},{"text":"the","start":5785.93,"end":5786.05},{"text":"need","start":5786.05,"end":5786.41},{"text":"for","start":5786.41,"end":5786.57},{"text":"closer","start":5786.57,"end":5787.05},{"text":"coordination","start":5787.05,"end":5787.77},{"text":"and","start":5787.77,"end":5787.89},{"text":"a","start":5787.89,"end":5787.93},{"text":"more","start":5787.93,"end":5788.17},{"text":"coherent","start":5788.17,"end":5788.73},{"text":"approach","start":5788.73,"end":5789.21},{"text":"to","start":5789.37,"end":5789.45},{"text":"the","start":5789.45,"end":5789.53},{"text":"challenges","start":5789.53,"end":5790.09},{"text":"before","start":5790.09,"end":5790.41},{"text":"us.","start":5790.41,"end":5790.73}]},{"text":"Chairs, We recognize that States may have different perspectives on how best to address these challenges.","start":5792.17,"end":5798.49,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Chairs,","start":5792.17,"end":5792.65},{"text":"We","start":5793.41,"end":5793.45},{"text":"recognize","start":5793.45,"end":5794.01},{"text":"that","start":5794.01,"end":5794.17},{"text":"States","start":5794.17,"end":5794.57},{"text":"may","start":5794.57,"end":5794.73},{"text":"have","start":5794.73,"end":5794.97},{"text":"different","start":5794.97,"end":5795.41},{"text":"perspectives","start":5795.41,"end":5796.13},{"text":"on","start":5796.13,"end":5796.25},{"text":"how","start":5796.25,"end":5796.49},{"text":"best","start":5796.49,"end":5797.09},{"text":"to","start":5797.09,"end":5797.17},{"text":"address","start":5797.17,"end":5797.61},{"text":"these","start":5797.61,"end":5797.85},{"text":"challenges.","start":5797.85,"end":5798.49}]},{"text":"Bridging these differences will require sustained dialogue and political will.","start":5799.37,"end":5802.65,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Bridging","start":5799.37,"end":5799.85},{"text":"these","start":5799.85,"end":5800.05},{"text":"differences","start":5800.05,"end":5800.53},{"text":"will","start":5800.53,"end":5800.65},{"text":"require","start":5800.65,"end":5801.09},{"text":"sustained","start":5801.09,"end":5801.49},{"text":"dialogue","start":5801.49,"end":5801.73},{"text":"and","start":5801.73,"end":5801.85},{"text":"political","start":5801.85,"end":5802.25},{"text":"will.","start":5802.25,"end":5802.65}]},{"text":"At the same time, we must ensure that these differences do not come at the expense of the common good, as access to space technologies and their benefits is essential to addressing pressing development needs.","start":5803.69,"end":5815.05,"topics":[{"key":"equitable-space-access","label":"Equitable Access and Space Capacity Building","description":"Delegations stressed that all countries, especially developing countries and emerging space nations, should benefit from space technologies and resources. 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and thank you too to the panelists for their presentation this morning.","start":5847.09,"end":5853.41,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":5847.09,"end":5847.37},{"text":"you,","start":5847.37,"end":5847.53},{"text":"Chair,","start":5847.93,"end":5848.25},{"text":"thank","start":5848.25,"end":5848.49},{"text":"you,","start":5848.49,"end":5848.57},{"text":"co-chairs,","start":5848.57,"end":5849.21},{"text":"and","start":5849.21,"end":5849.37},{"text":"thank","start":5849.61,"end":5849.89},{"text":"you","start":5849.89,"end":5849.97},{"text":"too","start":5849.97,"end":5850.17},{"text":"to","start":5850.17,"end":5850.33},{"text":"the","start":5850.33,"end":5850.45},{"text":"panelists","start":5851.13,"end":5851.57},{"text":"for","start":5851.57,"end":5851.69},{"text":"their","start":5851.69,"end":5851.97},{"text":"presentation","start":5852.05,"end":5852.77},{"text":"this","start":5852.77,"end":5853.01},{"text":"morning.","start":5853.01,"end":5853.41}]},{"text":"I'll deliver an abridged statement.","start":5854.13,"end":5855.97,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I'll","start":5854.13,"end":5854.37},{"text":"deliver","start":5854.37,"end":5854.81},{"text":"an","start":5854.81,"end":5854.93},{"text":"abridged","start":5854.93,"end":5855.33},{"text":"statement.","start":5855.33,"end":5855.97}]},{"text":"Our full statement will be published in the UN journal.","start":5856.13,"end":5858.53,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Our","start":5856.13,"end":5856.37},{"text":"full","start":5856.37,"end":5856.53},{"text":"statement","start":5856.53,"end":5857.01},{"text":"will","start":5857.01,"end":5857.17},{"text":"be","start":5857.17,"end":5857.25},{"text":"published","start":5857.25,"end":5857.65},{"text":"in","start":5857.65,"end":5857.73},{"text":"the","start":5857.73,"end":5857.85},{"text":"UN","start":5857.85,"end":5858.13},{"text":"journal.","start":5858.13,"end":5858.53}]},{"text":"Outer space is the common province of humankind.","start":5859.97,"end":5862.93,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Outer","start":5859.97,"end":5860.21},{"text":"space","start":5860.21,"end":5860.77},{"text":"is","start":5861.01,"end":5861.17},{"text":"the","start":5861.17,"end":5861.25},{"text":"common","start":5861.25,"end":5861.65},{"text":"province","start":5861.65,"end":5862.09},{"text":"of","start":5862.09,"end":5862.21},{"text":"humankind.","start":5862.21,"end":5862.93}]},{"text":"To ensure the exclusive, peaceful nature of space for the benefit of all peoples for generations to come, we must advance space security and sustainability side by side.","start":5863.17,"end":5873.49,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"To","start":5863.17,"end":5863.33},{"text":"ensure","start":5863.33,"end":5863.65},{"text":"the","start":5863.65,"end":5863.77},{"text":"exclusive,","start":5863.77,"end":5864.45},{"text":"peaceful","start":5864.93,"end":5865.41},{"text":"nature","start":5865.41,"end":5865.81},{"text":"of","start":5865.81,"end":5865.89},{"text":"space","start":5865.89,"end":5866.29},{"text":"for","start":5866.69,"end":5866.85},{"text":"the","start":5866.85,"end":5866.93},{"text":"benefit","start":5866.93,"end":5867.37},{"text":"of","start":5867.37,"end":5867.49},{"text":"all","start":5867.49,"end":5867.65},{"text":"peoples","start":5867.65,"end":5868.05},{"text":"for","start":5868.05,"end":5868.21},{"text":"generations","start":5868.21,"end":5868.93},{"text":"to","start":5868.93,"end":5869.01},{"text":"come,","start":5869.01,"end":5869.33},{"text":"we","start":5869.33,"end":5869.41},{"text":"must","start":5869.41,"end":5869.69},{"text":"advance","start":5869.69,"end":5870.09},{"text":"space","start":5870.09,"end":5870.41},{"text":"security","start":5870.41,"end":5871.09},{"text":"and","start":5871.57,"end":5871.77},{"text":"sustainability","start":5871.77,"end":5872.69},{"text":"side","start":5872.69,"end":5872.93},{"text":"by","start":5872.93,"end":5873.09},{"text":"side.","start":5873.09,"end":5873.49}]},{"text":"The Space 2030 Agenda recognizes the vital role of space in the advancement of the SDGs, disaster risk reduction, and climate action.","start":5874.73,"end":5883.81,"topics":[{"key":"space-development-applications","label":"Space Applications for Sustainable Development","description":"Speakers highlighted the importance of satellite services for communications, navigation, disaster preparedness, climate monitoring, and other development needs. 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They called for restraint, commitments against such tests, or prohibitions on testing and use of anti-satellite weapons."}],"words":[{"text":"as","start":5928.33,"end":5928.41},{"text":"well","start":5928.41,"end":5928.57},{"text":"as","start":5928.57,"end":5928.69},{"text":"testing","start":5928.69,"end":5929.25},{"text":"and","start":5929.25,"end":5929.37},{"text":"use","start":5929.37,"end":5929.69},{"text":"of","start":5929.69,"end":5929.77},{"text":"anti-satellite","start":5929.77,"end":5930.73},{"text":"weapons","start":5930.73,"end":5931.29},{"text":"and","start":5931.41,"end":5931.61},{"text":"other","start":5931.61,"end":5931.89},{"text":"counter-space","start":5931.89,"end":5932.73},{"text":"capabilities,","start":5932.73,"end":5933.61},{"text":"compounded","start":5934.09,"end":5934.65},{"text":"by","start":5934.65,"end":5934.85},{"text":"advancements","start":5934.85,"end":5935.61},{"text":"in","start":5935.61,"end":5935.85},{"text":"AI,","start":5935.85,"end":5936.53},{"text":"ICT,","start":5936.53,"end":5937.13},{"text":"and","start":5937.13,"end":5937.25},{"text":"missile","start":5937.25,"end":5937.61},{"text":"capabilities.","start":5937.61,"end":5938.49}]},{"text":"And orbital debris congestion threatens space objects, while falling space debris endanger life, infrastructure, and maritime shipping.","start":5938.97,"end":5948.73,"topics":[{"key":"space-debris-management","label":"Space Debris Mitigation and Removal","description":"Discussions emphasized the collision risks posed by accumulating debris, abandoned rocket bodies, and defunct satellites. Speakers called for implementation of sustainability guidelines, timely disposal of spacecraft, and investment in active debris removal."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":5938.97,"end":5939.45},{"text":"orbital","start":5939.69,"end":5940.25},{"text":"debris","start":5940.25,"end":5940.65},{"text":"congestion","start":5940.65,"end":5941.37},{"text":"threatens","start":5941.69,"end":5942.05},{"text":"space","start":5942.05,"end":5942.49},{"text":"objects,","start":5942.49,"end":5943.21},{"text":"while","start":5943.25,"end":5943.45},{"text":"falling","start":5943.45,"end":5943.93},{"text":"space","start":5943.93,"end":5944.49},{"text":"debris","start":5944.49,"end":5945.01},{"text":"endanger","start":5945.01,"end":5945.53},{"text":"life,","start":5945.53,"end":5945.93},{"text":"infrastructure,","start":5946.17,"end":5947.13},{"text":"and","start":5947.45,"end":5947.61},{"text":"maritime","start":5947.61,"end":5948.17},{"text":"shipping.","start":5948.17,"end":5948.73}]},{"text":"Mr. Chair, co-chairs, the path forward is clear.","start":5950.33,"end":5953.53,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":5950.33,"end":5950.65},{"text":"Chair,","start":5950.65,"end":5951.05},{"text":"co-chairs,","start":5951.05,"end":5951.69},{"text":"the","start":5952.09,"end":5952.25},{"text":"path","start":5952.25,"end":5952.49},{"text":"forward","start":5952.49,"end":5952.93},{"text":"is","start":5952.93,"end":5953.05},{"text":"clear.","start":5953.05,"end":5953.53}]},{"text":"Firstly, developing countries need equal access to space technologies, data applications, and resources, especially nascent and emerging space-faring nations.","start":5954.49,"end":5964.61,"topics":[{"key":"equitable-space-access","label":"Equitable Access and Space Capacity Building","description":"Delegations stressed that all countries, especially developing countries and emerging space nations, should benefit from space technologies and resources. They advocated technical assistance, training, knowledge transfer, and inclusive participation in space governance."}],"words":[{"text":"Firstly,","start":5954.49,"end":5954.85},{"text":"developing","start":5954.85,"end":5955.33},{"text":"countries","start":5955.33,"end":5955.81},{"text":"need","start":5955.81,"end":5956.17},{"text":"equal","start":5956.17,"end":5956.45},{"text":"access","start":5956.45,"end":5956.93},{"text":"to","start":5956.93,"end":5957.25},{"text":"space","start":5957.25,"end":5957.89},{"text":"technologies,","start":5957.89,"end":5958.69},{"text":"data","start":5958.69,"end":5959.05},{"text":"applications,","start":5959.05,"end":5959.77},{"text":"and","start":5959.77,"end":5959.89},{"text":"resources,","start":5959.89,"end":5960.61},{"text":"especially","start":5961.01,"end":5961.57},{"text":"nascent","start":5961.57,"end":5962.13},{"text":"and","start":5962.13,"end":5962.29},{"text":"emerging","start":5962.29,"end":5962.93},{"text":"space-faring","start":5963.09,"end":5964.01},{"text":"nations.","start":5964.01,"end":5964.61}]},{"text":"Secondly, the prevention of an arms race in outer space, or PAROS.","start":5965.81,"end":5969.41,"topics":[{"key":"space-arms-race","label":"Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space","description":"Speakers addressed growing weaponization, counter-space capabilities, and risks of conflict in orbit. They debated legally binding agreements, voluntary norms of responsible behavior, and transparency measures as approaches to preserving peaceful uses of space."}],"words":[{"text":"Secondly,","start":5965.81,"end":5966.29},{"text":"the","start":5966.29,"end":5966.41},{"text":"prevention","start":5966.41,"end":5967.01},{"text":"of","start":5967.01,"end":5967.09},{"text":"an","start":5967.09,"end":5967.17},{"text":"arms","start":5967.17,"end":5967.49},{"text":"race","start":5967.49,"end":5967.65},{"text":"in","start":5967.65,"end":5967.81},{"text":"outer","start":5967.81,"end":5968.13},{"text":"space,","start":5968.13,"end":5968.53},{"text":"or","start":5968.53,"end":5968.69},{"text":"PAROS.","start":5968.69,"end":5969.41}]},{"text":"We urge the development of both a legally binding instrument on PAROS, as well as normative frameworks on reducing space threats and promoting transparency and confidence building.","start":5970.05,"end":5981.09,"topics":[{"key":"space-arms-race","label":"Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space","description":"Speakers addressed growing weaponization, counter-space capabilities, and risks of conflict in orbit. They debated legally binding agreements, voluntary norms of responsible behavior, and transparency measures as approaches to preserving peaceful uses of space."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":5970.05,"end":5970.29},{"text":"urge","start":5970.29,"end":5970.53},{"text":"the","start":5970.53,"end":5970.65},{"text":"development","start":5970.65,"end":5971.29},{"text":"of","start":5971.29,"end":5971.37},{"text":"both","start":5971.37,"end":5971.65},{"text":"a","start":5971.73,"end":5971.77},{"text":"legally","start":5971.77,"end":5972.21},{"text":"binding","start":5972.21,"end":5972.61},{"text":"instrument","start":5972.61,"end":5973.25},{"text":"on","start":5973.49,"end":5973.65},{"text":"PAROS,","start":5973.65,"end":5974.29},{"text":"as","start":5974.65,"end":5974.77},{"text":"well","start":5974.77,"end":5974.97},{"text":"as","start":5974.97,"end":5975.09},{"text":"normative","start":5975.09,"end":5975.73},{"text":"frameworks","start":5975.73,"end":5976.45},{"text":"on","start":5976.53,"end":5976.69},{"text":"reducing","start":5976.69,"end":5977.09},{"text":"space","start":5977.09,"end":5977.53},{"text":"threats","start":5977.53,"end":5977.97},{"text":"and","start":5978.29,"end":5978.53},{"text":"promoting","start":5978.53,"end":5979.01},{"text":"transparency","start":5979.01,"end":5979.89},{"text":"and","start":5979.89,"end":5980.05},{"text":"confidence","start":5980.05,"end":5980.61},{"text":"building.","start":5980.61,"end":5981.09}]},{"text":"Thirdly, we need to coordinate space traffic management and measures to mitigate space debris, including falling space debris.","start":5981.85,"end":5989.45,"topics":[{"key":"space-traffic-coordination","label":"Space Traffic Coordination and Situational Awareness","description":"Speakers advocated improved monitoring, information sharing, operator communication, and collision warnings to manage increasingly congested orbits. Shared space situational awareness was also presented as a means of reducing misunderstandings and supporting verification."},{"key":"space-debris-management","label":"Space Debris Mitigation and Removal","description":"Discussions emphasized the collision risks posed by accumulating debris, abandoned rocket bodies, and defunct satellites. Speakers called for implementation of sustainability guidelines, timely disposal of spacecraft, and investment in active debris removal."}],"words":[{"text":"Thirdly,","start":5981.85,"end":5982.41},{"text":"we","start":5982.65,"end":5982.81},{"text":"need","start":5982.81,"end":5983.01},{"text":"to","start":5983.01,"end":5983.09},{"text":"coordinate","start":5983.09,"end":5983.53},{"text":"space","start":5983.53,"end":5984.01},{"text":"traffic","start":5984.01,"end":5984.41},{"text":"management","start":5984.41,"end":5985.05},{"text":"and","start":5985.05,"end":5985.17},{"text":"measures","start":5985.17,"end":5985.69},{"text":"to","start":5985.69,"end":5985.77},{"text":"mitigate","start":5985.77,"end":5986.33},{"text":"space","start":5986.33,"end":5986.77},{"text":"debris,","start":5986.77,"end":5987.29},{"text":"including","start":5987.61,"end":5988.17},{"text":"falling","start":5988.17,"end":5988.57},{"text":"space","start":5988.57,"end":5989.01},{"text":"debris.","start":5989.01,"end":5989.45}]},{"text":"We reiterate the importance of advance, proper, and adequate notification of space vehicle launches, as well as uncontrolled re-entries, especially to states located along drop zones of falling space debris.","start":5990.09,"end":6003.21,"topics":[{"key":"space-debris-management","label":"Space Debris Mitigation and Removal","description":"Discussions emphasized the collision risks posed by accumulating debris, abandoned rocket bodies, and defunct satellites. Speakers called for implementation of sustainability guidelines, timely disposal of spacecraft, and investment in active debris removal."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":5990.09,"end":5990.33},{"text":"reiterate","start":5990.33,"end":5990.93},{"text":"the","start":5990.93,"end":5991.01},{"text":"importance","start":5991.01,"end":5991.65},{"text":"of","start":5991.65,"end":5991.73},{"text":"advance,","start":5991.73,"end":5992.33},{"text":"proper,","start":5992.33,"end":5992.89},{"text":"and","start":5992.89,"end":5993.13},{"text":"adequate","start":5993.13,"end":5993.57},{"text":"notification","start":5993.57,"end":5994.33},{"text":"of","start":5994.33,"end":5994.41},{"text":"space","start":5994.41,"end":5994.89},{"text":"vehicle","start":5994.89,"end":5995.25},{"text":"launches,","start":5995.25,"end":5995.85},{"text":"as","start":5996.25,"end":5996.41},{"text":"well","start":5996.41,"end":5996.65},{"text":"as","start":5996.65,"end":5996.81},{"text":"uncontrolled","start":5996.81,"end":5997.53},{"text":"re-entries,","start":5997.53,"end":5998.25},{"text":"especially","start":5998.65,"end":5999.29},{"text":"to","start":5999.29,"end":5999.41},{"text":"states","start":5999.41,"end":5999.93},{"text":"located","start":5999.93,"end":6000.49},{"text":"along","start":6000.49,"end":6000.81},{"text":"drop","start":6000.81,"end":6001.13},{"text":"zones","start":6001.13,"end":6001.69},{"text":"of","start":6001.69,"end":6001.85},{"text":"falling","start":6001.85,"end":6002.33},{"text":"space","start":6002.33,"end":6002.73},{"text":"debris.","start":6002.73,"end":6003.21}]},{"text":"Fourthly, we stress the importance of adherence to international law, especially the Outer Space Treaty.","start":6004.17,"end":6009.93,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Fourthly,","start":6004.17,"end":6004.65},{"text":"we","start":6004.65,"end":6004.73},{"text":"stress","start":6004.73,"end":6005.13},{"text":"the","start":6005.13,"end":6005.21},{"text":"importance","start":6005.21,"end":6005.73},{"text":"of","start":6005.73,"end":6005.85},{"text":"adherence","start":6005.85,"end":6006.49},{"text":"to","start":6006.49,"end":6006.57},{"text":"international","start":6006.57,"end":6007.61},{"text":"law,","start":6007.61,"end":6007.69},{"text":"especially","start":6007.89,"end":6008.57},{"text":"the","start":6008.57,"end":6008.69},{"text":"Outer","start":6008.69,"end":6009.05},{"text":"Space","start":6009.05,"end":6009.45},{"text":"Treaty.","start":6009.45,"end":6009.93}]},{"text":"Space treaties must also be supplemented and reinforced by norms, rules, and principles of responsible behaviors.","start":6010.61,"end":6019.25,"topics":[{"key":"space-arms-race","label":"Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space","description":"Speakers addressed growing weaponization, counter-space capabilities, and risks of conflict in orbit. They debated legally binding agreements, voluntary norms of responsible behavior, and transparency measures as approaches to preserving peaceful uses of space."}],"words":[{"text":"Space","start":6010.61,"end":6010.93},{"text":"treaties","start":6010.93,"end":6011.41},{"text":"must","start":6011.41,"end":6011.57},{"text":"also","start":6011.57,"end":6011.89},{"text":"be","start":6011.89,"end":6012.05},{"text":"supplemented","start":6012.05,"end":6012.85},{"text":"and","start":6013.89,"end":6014.21},{"text":"reinforced","start":6014.21,"end":6014.89},{"text":"by","start":6014.89,"end":6015.01},{"text":"norms,","start":6015.01,"end":6015.49},{"text":"rules,","start":6015.49,"end":6015.97},{"text":"and","start":6016.21,"end":6016.37},{"text":"principles","start":6016.37,"end":6017.09},{"text":"of","start":6017.33,"end":6017.49},{"text":"responsible","start":6017.49,"end":6018.29},{"text":"behaviors.","start":6018.53,"end":6019.25}]},{"text":"We also reaffirm our support for the open-ended working group on Paros and the working group on the long-term sustainability of outer space activities.","start":6020.77,"end":6029.49,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":6020.77,"end":6020.93},{"text":"also","start":6020.93,"end":6021.21},{"text":"reaffirm","start":6021.21,"end":6021.73},{"text":"our","start":6021.73,"end":6021.89},{"text":"support","start":6021.89,"end":6022.33},{"text":"for","start":6022.33,"end":6022.45},{"text":"the","start":6022.45,"end":6022.57},{"text":"open-ended","start":6022.61,"end":6023.25},{"text":"working","start":6023.25,"end":6023.65},{"text":"group","start":6023.65,"end":6023.89},{"text":"on","start":6023.89,"end":6024.05},{"text":"Paros","start":6024.05,"end":6024.61},{"text":"and","start":6024.61,"end":6024.89},{"text":"the","start":6024.89,"end":6024.97},{"text":"working","start":6024.97,"end":6025.33},{"text":"group","start":6025.33,"end":6025.57},{"text":"on","start":6025.57,"end":6025.69},{"text":"the","start":6025.69,"end":6025.77},{"text":"long-term","start":6025.77,"end":6026.37},{"text":"sustainability","start":6026.37,"end":6027.41},{"text":"of","start":6027.81,"end":6027.89},{"text":"outer","start":6027.89,"end":6028.13},{"text":"space","start":6028.13,"end":6028.77},{"text":"activities.","start":6028.77,"end":6029.49}]},{"text":"In conclusion, co-chairs.","start":6030.13,"end":6031.49,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":6030.13,"end":6030.29},{"text":"conclusion,","start":6030.29,"end":6030.85},{"text":"co-chairs.","start":6030.85,"end":6031.49}]},{"text":"To preserve space as the province of humankind, we must be guided by the principles of cooperation, inclusivity, and equity, non-appropriation, and due regard for the interests of all.","start":6032.01,"end":6043.05,"topics":[{"key":"equitable-space-access","label":"Equitable Access and Space Capacity Building","description":"Delegations stressed that all countries, especially developing countries and emerging space nations, should benefit from space technologies and resources. They advocated technical assistance, training, knowledge transfer, and inclusive participation in space governance."}],"words":[{"text":"To","start":6032.01,"end":6032.05},{"text":"preserve","start":6032.05,"end":6032.49},{"text":"space","start":6032.49,"end":6033.05},{"text":"as","start":6033.09,"end":6033.21},{"text":"the","start":6033.21,"end":6033.29},{"text":"province","start":6033.29,"end":6033.81},{"text":"of","start":6033.81,"end":6033.89},{"text":"humankind,","start":6033.89,"end":6034.65},{"text":"we","start":6034.89,"end":6035.09},{"text":"must","start":6035.09,"end":6035.33},{"text":"be","start":6035.33,"end":6035.41},{"text":"guided","start":6035.41,"end":6035.77},{"text":"by","start":6035.77,"end":6035.85},{"text":"the","start":6035.85,"end":6035.97},{"text":"principles","start":6035.97,"end":6036.57},{"text":"of","start":6036.57,"end":6036.65},{"text":"cooperation,","start":6036.65,"end":6037.45},{"text":"inclusivity,","start":6037.45,"end":6038.49},{"text":"and","start":6038.65,"end":6038.81},{"text":"equity,","start":6038.81,"end":6039.45},{"text":"non-appropriation,","start":6039.77,"end":6040.89},{"text":"and","start":6041.13,"end":6041.33},{"text":"due","start":6041.33,"end":6041.49},{"text":"regard","start":6041.49,"end":6041.93},{"text":"for","start":6041.93,"end":6042.09},{"text":"the","start":6042.09,"end":6042.21},{"text":"interests","start":6042.21,"end":6042.73},{"text":"of","start":6042.73,"end":6042.81},{"text":"all.","start":6042.81,"end":6043.05}]},{"text":"Thank you.","start":6043.21,"end":6043.57,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":6043.21,"end":6043.45},{"text":"you.","start":6043.45,"end":6043.57}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"PHL","group":null,"function":null,"affiliation_full":"Philippines"}},{"statement_number":38,"start":6044.73,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c1/81/25?lang=en&t=1:40:45","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank you, and I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Pakistan.","start":6044.73,"end":6049.29,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":6044.73,"end":6044.81},{"text":"thank","start":6044.85,"end":6045.09},{"text":"you,","start":6045.09,"end":6045.29},{"text":"and","start":6046.49,"end":6046.61},{"text":"I","start":6046.61,"end":6046.65},{"text":"give","start":6046.65,"end":6046.81},{"text":"the","start":6046.81,"end":6046.93},{"text":"floor","start":6046.93,"end":6047.13},{"text":"to","start":6047.13,"end":6047.25},{"text":"the","start":6047.25,"end":6047.33},{"text":"distinguished","start":6047.33,"end":6047.81},{"text":"representative","start":6048.17,"end":6048.69},{"text":"of","start":6048.69,"end":6048.81},{"text":"Pakistan.","start":6048.81,"end":6049.29}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"4th Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair","affiliation_full":"4th Committee"}},{"statement_number":39,"start":6053.53,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c1/81/25?lang=en&t=1:40:54","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Chair.","start":6053.53,"end":6054.17,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":6053.53,"end":6053.81},{"text":"you,","start":6053.81,"end":6053.89},{"text":"Chair.","start":6053.89,"end":6054.17}]},{"text":"Pakistan reaffirms its commitment to the peaceful, sustainable, and equitable use of outer space, in line with the principles enshrined in the Outer Space Treaty.","start":6055.01,"end":6062.97,"topics":[{"key":"equitable-space-access","label":"Equitable Access and Space Capacity Building","description":"Delegations stressed that all countries, especially developing countries and emerging space nations, should benefit from space technologies and resources. They advocated technical assistance, training, knowledge transfer, and inclusive participation in space governance."}],"words":[{"text":"Pakistan","start":6055.01,"end":6055.37},{"text":"reaffirms","start":6055.37,"end":6055.89},{"text":"its","start":6055.89,"end":6056.01},{"text":"commitment","start":6056.01,"end":6056.65},{"text":"to","start":6056.73,"end":6056.85},{"text":"the","start":6056.85,"end":6057.01},{"text":"peaceful,","start":6057.01,"end":6057.53},{"text":"sustainable,","start":6057.53,"end":6058.17},{"text":"and","start":6058.17,"end":6058.29},{"text":"equitable","start":6058.29,"end":6058.81},{"text":"use","start":6058.81,"end":6059.13},{"text":"of","start":6059.13,"end":6059.21},{"text":"outer","start":6059.21,"end":6059.49},{"text":"space,","start":6059.49,"end":6060.01},{"text":"in","start":6060.01,"end":6060.17},{"text":"line","start":6060.17,"end":6060.45},{"text":"with","start":6060.45,"end":6060.57},{"text":"the","start":6060.57,"end":6060.65},{"text":"principles","start":6060.65,"end":6061.29},{"text":"enshrined","start":6061.29,"end":6061.73},{"text":"in","start":6061.73,"end":6061.85},{"text":"the","start":6061.85,"end":6061.97},{"text":"Outer","start":6061.97,"end":6062.21},{"text":"Space","start":6062.21,"end":6062.53},{"text":"Treaty.","start":6062.53,"end":6062.97}]},{"text":"As a State Party to all five UN space treaties, including the Moon Agreement, we uphold that outer space is the common heritage of humankind.","start":6064.01,"end":6071.13,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"As","start":6064.01,"end":6064.13},{"text":"a","start":6064.13,"end":6064.17},{"text":"State","start":6064.17,"end":6064.49},{"text":"Party","start":6064.49,"end":6064.89},{"text":"to","start":6064.89,"end":6065.01},{"text":"all","start":6065.13,"end":6065.45},{"text":"five","start":6065.45,"end":6065.93},{"text":"UN","start":6065.93,"end":6066.17},{"text":"space","start":6066.17,"end":6066.49},{"text":"treaties,","start":6066.49,"end":6066.89},{"text":"including","start":6066.89,"end":6067.29},{"text":"the","start":6067.29,"end":6067.37},{"text":"Moon","start":6067.37,"end":6067.61},{"text":"Agreement,","start":6067.61,"end":6068.09},{"text":"we","start":6068.09,"end":6068.25},{"text":"uphold","start":6068.25,"end":6068.61},{"text":"that","start":6068.61,"end":6068.81},{"text":"outer","start":6068.81,"end":6069.05},{"text":"space","start":6069.05,"end":6069.33},{"text":"is","start":6069.33,"end":6069.49},{"text":"the","start":6069.49,"end":6069.61},{"text":"common","start":6069.61,"end":6069.89},{"text":"heritage","start":6069.89,"end":6070.37},{"text":"of","start":6070.37,"end":6070.49},{"text":"humankind.","start":6070.49,"end":6071.13}]},{"text":"It must remain free from national appropriation and, most importantly, remain fully accessible to developing countries to advance their socio-economic development.","start":6072.01,"end":6080.57,"topics":[{"key":"equitable-space-access","label":"Equitable Access and Space Capacity Building","description":"Delegations stressed that all countries, especially developing countries and emerging space nations, should benefit from space technologies and resources. They advocated technical assistance, training, knowledge transfer, and inclusive participation in space governance."},{"key":"space-development-applications","label":"Space Applications for Sustainable Development","description":"Speakers highlighted the importance of satellite services for communications, navigation, disaster preparedness, climate monitoring, and other development needs. They warned that disruptions to space infrastructure could undermine essential services and disproportionately affect vulnerable countries."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":6072.01,"end":6072.17},{"text":"must","start":6072.17,"end":6072.49},{"text":"remain","start":6072.49,"end":6072.73},{"text":"free","start":6072.73,"end":6073.05},{"text":"from","start":6073.05,"end":6073.25},{"text":"national","start":6073.25,"end":6074.05},{"text":"appropriation","start":6074.05,"end":6074.89},{"text":"and,","start":6074.97,"end":6075.45},{"text":"most","start":6075.53,"end":6075.85},{"text":"importantly,","start":6075.85,"end":6076.41},{"text":"remain","start":6076.41,"end":6076.73},{"text":"fully","start":6076.73,"end":6076.93},{"text":"accessible","start":6076.93,"end":6077.53},{"text":"to","start":6077.53,"end":6077.73},{"text":"developing","start":6077.73,"end":6078.17},{"text":"countries","start":6078.17,"end":6078.65},{"text":"to","start":6078.65,"end":6078.73},{"text":"advance","start":6078.73,"end":6079.13},{"text":"their","start":6079.13,"end":6079.29},{"text":"socio-economic","start":6079.29,"end":6080.05},{"text":"development.","start":6080.05,"end":6080.57}]},{"text":"Pakistan welcomes this joint panel.","start":6081.61,"end":6083.53,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Pakistan","start":6081.61,"end":6082.09},{"text":"welcomes","start":6082.09,"end":6082.57},{"text":"this","start":6082.57,"end":6082.85},{"text":"joint","start":6082.85,"end":6083.13},{"text":"panel.","start":6083.13,"end":6083.53}]},{"text":"today.","start":6084.09,"end":6084.45,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"today.","start":6084.09,"end":6084.45}]},{"text":"Security and sustainability are two faces of one objective: keeping outer space a peaceful domain, open to all and used for the benefit of all.","start":6084.85,"end":6092.61,"topics":[{"key":"equitable-space-access","label":"Equitable Access and Space Capacity Building","description":"Delegations stressed that all countries, especially developing countries and emerging space nations, should benefit from space technologies and resources. 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Several speakers also raised concerns about the use of commercial satellite infrastructure to support military operations."}],"words":[{"text":"Space","start":6129.81,"end":6130.37},{"text":"debris","start":6130.37,"end":6130.61},{"text":"mitigation,","start":6130.61,"end":6131.41},{"text":"particularly","start":6131.49,"end":6132.09},{"text":"in","start":6132.09,"end":6132.21},{"text":"light","start":6132.21,"end":6132.45},{"text":"of","start":6132.45,"end":6132.53},{"text":"mega-constellations,","start":6132.53,"end":6133.57},{"text":"is","start":6133.57,"end":6133.81},{"text":"a","start":6133.81,"end":6133.85},{"text":"common","start":6133.85,"end":6134.21},{"text":"but","start":6134.21,"end":6134.37},{"text":"differentiated","start":6134.37,"end":6135.25},{"text":"responsibility.","start":6135.25,"end":6136.21}]},{"text":"Those states whose past and ongoing activities have generated the bulk of orbital debris must assume primary responsibility and extend technical and financial assistance to others.","start":6136.93,"end":6147.49,"topics":[{"key":"space-debris-management","label":"Space Debris Mitigation and Removal","description":"Discussions emphasized the collision risks posed by accumulating debris, abandoned rocket bodies, and defunct satellites. Speakers called for implementation of sustainability guidelines, timely disposal of spacecraft, and investment in active debris removal."},{"key":"equitable-space-access","label":"Equitable Access and Space Capacity Building","description":"Delegations stressed that all countries, especially developing countries and emerging space nations, should benefit from space technologies and resources. They advocated technical assistance, training, knowledge transfer, and inclusive participation in space governance."}],"words":[{"text":"Those","start":6136.93,"end":6137.17},{"text":"states","start":6137.17,"end":6137.57},{"text":"whose","start":6137.57,"end":6137.73},{"text":"past","start":6137.73,"end":6138.13},{"text":"and","start":6138.13,"end":6138.29},{"text":"ongoing","start":6138.29,"end":6138.77},{"text":"activities","start":6138.77,"end":6139.41},{"text":"have","start":6139.41,"end":6139.65},{"text":"generated","start":6139.65,"end":6140.17},{"text":"the","start":6140.17,"end":6140.29},{"text":"bulk","start":6140.29,"end":6140.61},{"text":"of","start":6140.61,"end":6140.77},{"text":"orbital","start":6140.77,"end":6141.53},{"text":"debris","start":6141.53,"end":6142.21},{"text":"must","start":6142.53,"end":6142.93},{"text":"assume","start":6142.93,"end":6143.33},{"text":"primary","start":6143.33,"end":6143.73},{"text":"responsibility","start":6143.73,"end":6144.69},{"text":"and","start":6144.93,"end":6145.09},{"text":"extend","start":6145.09,"end":6145.53},{"text":"technical","start":6145.53,"end":6145.93},{"text":"and","start":6145.93,"end":6146.05},{"text":"financial","start":6146.05,"end":6146.49},{"text":"assistance","start":6146.49,"end":6147.01},{"text":"to","start":6147.01,"end":6147.09},{"text":"others.","start":6147.09,"end":6147.49}]},{"text":"Enhanced information sharing for space traffic management and collision avoidance is also essential.","start":6147.97,"end":6152.93,"topics":[{"key":"space-traffic-coordination","label":"Space Traffic Coordination and Situational Awareness","description":"Speakers advocated improved monitoring, information sharing, operator communication, and collision warnings to manage increasingly congested orbits. Shared space situational awareness was also presented as a means of reducing misunderstandings and supporting verification."}],"words":[{"text":"Enhanced","start":6147.97,"end":6148.45},{"text":"information","start":6148.45,"end":6149.01},{"text":"sharing","start":6149.01,"end":6149.33},{"text":"for","start":6149.33,"end":6149.49},{"text":"space","start":6149.49,"end":6149.81},{"text":"traffic","start":6149.81,"end":6150.13},{"text":"management","start":6150.13,"end":6150.69},{"text":"and","start":6150.69,"end":6150.93},{"text":"collision","start":6150.93,"end":6151.33},{"text":"avoidance","start":6151.33,"end":6151.81},{"text":"is","start":6151.81,"end":6151.97},{"text":"also","start":6151.97,"end":6152.37},{"text":"essential.","start":6152.37,"end":6152.93}]},{"text":"On sustainability, mega-constellations and growing debris are congesting this lower Earth orbit.","start":6153.89,"end":6159.17,"topics":[{"key":"space-debris-management","label":"Space Debris Mitigation and Removal","description":"Discussions emphasized the collision risks posed by accumulating debris, abandoned rocket bodies, and defunct satellites. Speakers called for implementation of sustainability guidelines, timely disposal of spacecraft, and investment in active debris removal."},{"key":"commercial-satellite-constellations","label":"Commercial Satellite Constellations","description":"Participants discussed the expansion of commercial mega-constellations and their implications for orbital congestion, access to orbital and frequency resources, and regulation. Several speakers also raised concerns about the use of commercial satellite infrastructure to support military operations."}],"words":[{"text":"On","start":6153.89,"end":6154.05},{"text":"sustainability,","start":6154.05,"end":6154.93},{"text":"mega-constellations","start":6155.25,"end":6156.25},{"text":"and","start":6156.25,"end":6156.37},{"text":"growing","start":6156.37,"end":6156.61},{"text":"debris","start":6156.61,"end":6156.93},{"text":"are","start":6156.93,"end":6157.01},{"text":"congesting","start":6157.01,"end":6157.57},{"text":"this","start":6157.57,"end":6157.81},{"text":"lower","start":6157.97,"end":6158.37},{"text":"Earth","start":6158.45,"end":6158.69},{"text":"orbit.","start":6158.69,"end":6159.17}]},{"text":"They have also raised collision risk and threaten to crowd out the future space programs of developing countries.","start":6159.65,"end":6164.61,"topics":[{"key":"commercial-satellite-constellations","label":"Commercial Satellite Constellations","description":"Participants discussed the expansion of commercial mega-constellations and their implications for orbital congestion, access to orbital and frequency resources, and regulation. Several speakers also raised concerns about the use of commercial satellite infrastructure to support military operations."},{"key":"equitable-space-access","label":"Equitable Access and Space Capacity Building","description":"Delegations stressed that all countries, especially developing countries and emerging space nations, should benefit from space technologies and resources. They advocated technical assistance, training, knowledge transfer, and inclusive participation in space governance."}],"words":[{"text":"They","start":6159.65,"end":6159.77},{"text":"have","start":6159.77,"end":6159.97},{"text":"also","start":6159.97,"end":6160.21},{"text":"raised","start":6160.21,"end":6160.61},{"text":"collision","start":6160.61,"end":6161.01},{"text":"risk","start":6161.01,"end":6161.25},{"text":"and","start":6161.25,"end":6161.37},{"text":"threaten","start":6161.37,"end":6161.73},{"text":"to","start":6161.73,"end":6161.81},{"text":"crowd","start":6161.81,"end":6162.13},{"text":"out","start":6162.13,"end":6162.29},{"text":"the","start":6162.29,"end":6162.41},{"text":"future","start":6162.41,"end":6162.73},{"text":"space","start":6162.73,"end":6163.01},{"text":"programs","start":6163.01,"end":6163.49},{"text":"of","start":6163.49,"end":6163.57},{"text":"developing","start":6163.57,"end":6164.01},{"text":"countries.","start":6164.01,"end":6164.61}]},{"text":"On this, we support the implementation of the long-term sustainability and space debris mitigation guidelines and welcome the new expert group on space situational awareness in COPUS.","start":6165.21,"end":6174.81,"topics":[{"key":"space-debris-management","label":"Space Debris Mitigation and Removal","description":"Discussions emphasized the collision risks posed by accumulating debris, abandoned rocket bodies, and defunct satellites. Speakers called for implementation of sustainability guidelines, timely disposal of spacecraft, and investment in active debris removal."},{"key":"space-traffic-coordination","label":"Space Traffic Coordination and Situational Awareness","description":"Speakers advocated improved monitoring, information sharing, operator communication, and collision warnings to manage increasingly congested orbits. Shared space situational awareness was also presented as a means of reducing misunderstandings and supporting verification."}],"words":[{"text":"On","start":6165.21,"end":6165.29},{"text":"this,","start":6165.29,"end":6165.49},{"text":"we","start":6165.49,"end":6165.61},{"text":"support","start":6165.61,"end":6166.17},{"text":"the","start":6166.17,"end":6166.25},{"text":"implementation","start":6166.25,"end":6166.97},{"text":"of","start":6166.97,"end":6167.05},{"text":"the","start":6167.05,"end":6167.13},{"text":"long-term","start":6167.13,"end":6167.57},{"text":"sustainability","start":6167.57,"end":6168.33},{"text":"and","start":6168.33,"end":6168.65},{"text":"space","start":6168.73,"end":6169.37},{"text":"debris","start":6169.45,"end":6169.85},{"text":"mitigation","start":6169.85,"end":6170.33},{"text":"guidelines","start":6170.33,"end":6170.89},{"text":"and","start":6171.29,"end":6171.53},{"text":"welcome","start":6171.53,"end":6171.89},{"text":"the","start":6171.89,"end":6171.97},{"text":"new","start":6171.97,"end":6172.17},{"text":"expert","start":6172.17,"end":6172.57},{"text":"group","start":6172.57,"end":6172.81},{"text":"on","start":6172.81,"end":6172.93},{"text":"space","start":6172.93,"end":6173.25},{"text":"situational","start":6173.25,"end":6173.81},{"text":"awareness","start":6173.81,"end":6174.21},{"text":"in","start":6174.21,"end":6174.33},{"text":"COPUS.","start":6174.33,"end":6174.81}]},{"text":"COPUS must also overcome the divisions that have prevented consensus on its reports, including those referencing developing countries.","start":6175.61,"end":6183.77,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"COPUS","start":6175.61,"end":6176.01},{"text":"must","start":6176.01,"end":6176.29},{"text":"also","start":6176.29,"end":6176.89},{"text":"overcome","start":6177.05,"end":6177.53},{"text":"the","start":6177.53,"end":6177.61},{"text":"divisions","start":6177.61,"end":6178.09},{"text":"that","start":6178.09,"end":6178.25},{"text":"have","start":6178.25,"end":6178.37},{"text":"prevented","start":6178.37,"end":6178.85},{"text":"consensus","start":6178.85,"end":6179.45},{"text":"on","start":6179.45,"end":6179.61},{"text":"its","start":6179.61,"end":6179.77},{"text":"reports,","start":6179.77,"end":6180.33},{"text":"including","start":6180.65,"end":6181.37},{"text":"those","start":6181.85,"end":6182.17},{"text":"referencing","start":6182.17,"end":6182.77},{"text":"developing","start":6182.77,"end":6183.25},{"text":"countries.","start":6183.25,"end":6183.77}]},{"text":"Pakistan supports negotiating a legally binding instrument on PAROS in the Conference on Disarmament.","start":6184.97,"end":6190.41,"topics":[{"key":"space-arms-race","label":"Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space","description":"Speakers addressed growing weaponization, counter-space capabilities, and risks of conflict in orbit. They debated legally binding agreements, voluntary norms of responsible behavior, and transparency measures as approaches to preserving peaceful uses of space."}],"words":[{"text":"Pakistan","start":6184.97,"end":6185.53},{"text":"supports","start":6185.53,"end":6186.09},{"text":"negotiating","start":6186.09,"end":6186.81},{"text":"a","start":6186.81,"end":6186.85},{"text":"legally","start":6186.85,"end":6187.37},{"text":"binding","start":6187.37,"end":6187.73},{"text":"instrument","start":6187.73,"end":6188.17},{"text":"on","start":6188.17,"end":6188.33},{"text":"PAROS","start":6188.33,"end":6188.89},{"text":"in","start":6188.89,"end":6189.05},{"text":"the","start":6189.05,"end":6189.17},{"text":"Conference","start":6189.17,"end":6189.65},{"text":"on","start":6189.65,"end":6189.73},{"text":"Disarmament.","start":6189.73,"end":6190.41}]},{"text":"As president of its final part this year, Pakistan convened thematic discussions on PAROS.","start":6191.13,"end":6197.65,"topics":[{"key":"space-arms-race","label":"Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space","description":"Speakers addressed growing weaponization, counter-space capabilities, and risks of conflict in orbit. They debated legally binding agreements, voluntary norms of responsible behavior, and transparency measures as approaches to preserving peaceful uses of space."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":6191.13,"end":6191.53},{"text":"president","start":6191.53,"end":6192.09},{"text":"of","start":6192.09,"end":6192.33},{"text":"its","start":6192.33,"end":6192.49},{"text":"final","start":6192.49,"end":6192.81},{"text":"part","start":6192.81,"end":6193.13},{"text":"this","start":6193.13,"end":6193.37},{"text":"year,","start":6193.37,"end":6193.69},{"text":"Pakistan","start":6194.21,"end":6194.85},{"text":"convened","start":6195.57,"end":6196.05},{"text":"thematic","start":6196.05,"end":6196.49},{"text":"discussions","start":6196.49,"end":6197.01},{"text":"on","start":6197.01,"end":6197.17},{"text":"PAROS.","start":6197.17,"end":6197.65}]},{"text":"Transparency and confidence-building measures and voluntary guidelines are valuable, but they complement binding obligations and cannot replace them.","start":6198.53,"end":6207.09,"topics":[{"key":"space-arms-race","label":"Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space","description":"Speakers addressed growing weaponization, counter-space capabilities, and risks of conflict in orbit. They debated legally binding agreements, voluntary norms of responsible behavior, and transparency measures as approaches to preserving peaceful uses of space."}],"words":[{"text":"Transparency","start":6198.53,"end":6199.21},{"text":"and","start":6199.21,"end":6199.41},{"text":"confidence-building","start":6199.41,"end":6200.29},{"text":"measures","start":6200.29,"end":6200.69},{"text":"and","start":6200.69,"end":6200.89},{"text":"voluntary","start":6200.89,"end":6201.25},{"text":"guidelines","start":6201.25,"end":6201.97},{"text":"are","start":6201.97,"end":6202.09},{"text":"valuable,","start":6202.13,"end":6202.69},{"text":"but","start":6203.09,"end":6203.33},{"text":"they","start":6203.33,"end":6203.41},{"text":"complement","start":6203.41,"end":6204.21},{"text":"binding","start":6204.69,"end":6205.17},{"text":"obligations","start":6205.17,"end":6205.89},{"text":"and","start":6205.89,"end":6206.09},{"text":"cannot","start":6206.09,"end":6206.41},{"text":"replace","start":6206.41,"end":6206.85},{"text":"them.","start":6206.85,"end":6207.09}]},{"text":"Pakistan remains a consistent proponent on the prevention of arms race in outer space, and we have opposed the weaponization of space in all its manifestations.","start":6208.37,"end":6217.17,"topics":[{"key":"space-arms-race","label":"Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space","description":"Speakers addressed growing weaponization, counter-space capabilities, and risks of conflict in orbit. They debated legally binding agreements, voluntary norms of responsible behavior, and transparency measures as approaches to preserving peaceful uses of space."}],"words":[{"text":"Pakistan","start":6208.37,"end":6208.93},{"text":"remains","start":6208.93,"end":6209.33},{"text":"a","start":6209.33,"end":6209.37},{"text":"consistent","start":6209.37,"end":6210.13},{"text":"proponent","start":6210.21,"end":6210.85},{"text":"on","start":6210.85,"end":6211.17},{"text":"the","start":6211.17,"end":6211.25},{"text":"prevention","start":6211.25,"end":6211.77},{"text":"of","start":6211.77,"end":6211.89},{"text":"arms","start":6211.89,"end":6212.17},{"text":"race","start":6212.17,"end":6212.33},{"text":"in","start":6212.33,"end":6212.45},{"text":"outer","start":6212.45,"end":6212.69},{"text":"space,","start":6212.69,"end":6213.09},{"text":"and","start":6213.09,"end":6213.21},{"text":"we","start":6213.21,"end":6213.33},{"text":"have","start":6213.33,"end":6213.65},{"text":"opposed","start":6213.65,"end":6214.21},{"text":"the","start":6214.29,"end":6214.49},{"text":"weaponization","start":6214.49,"end":6215.17},{"text":"of","start":6215.17,"end":6215.25},{"text":"space","start":6215.25,"end":6215.61},{"text":"in","start":6215.61,"end":6215.73},{"text":"all","start":6215.73,"end":6216.05},{"text":"its","start":6216.05,"end":6216.21},{"text":"manifestations.","start":6216.21,"end":6217.17}]},{"text":"including debris-generating anti-satellite tests, which pose grave risks to the safety, security, and sustainability of space activities.","start":6217.73,"end":6225.41,"topics":[{"key":"destructive-antisatellite-tests","label":"Destructive Anti-Satellite Tests","description":"Multiple delegations highlighted the lasting debris and security risks created by destructive anti-satellite testing. They called for restraint, commitments against such tests, or prohibitions on testing and use of anti-satellite weapons."}],"words":[{"text":"including","start":6217.73,"end":6218.21},{"text":"debris-generating","start":6218.21,"end":6219.09},{"text":"anti-satellite","start":6219.09,"end":6219.85},{"text":"tests,","start":6219.85,"end":6220.29},{"text":"which","start":6220.65,"end":6220.93},{"text":"pose","start":6220.93,"end":6221.25},{"text":"grave","start":6221.25,"end":6221.57},{"text":"risks","start":6221.57,"end":6221.97},{"text":"to","start":6221.97,"end":6222.05},{"text":"the","start":6222.05,"end":6222.21},{"text":"safety,","start":6222.21,"end":6222.61},{"text":"security,","start":6222.61,"end":6223.13},{"text":"and","start":6223.13,"end":6223.29},{"text":"sustainability","start":6223.29,"end":6224.13},{"text":"of","start":6224.13,"end":6224.29},{"text":"space","start":6224.29,"end":6224.69},{"text":"activities.","start":6224.69,"end":6225.41}]},{"text":"We reiterate our call for negotiations on legally binding instruments to prevent an arms race in outer space.","start":6226.05,"end":6232.37,"topics":[{"key":"space-arms-race","label":"Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space","description":"Speakers addressed growing weaponization, counter-space capabilities, and risks of conflict in orbit. They debated legally binding agreements, voluntary norms of responsible behavior, and transparency measures as approaches to preserving peaceful uses of space."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":6226.05,"end":6226.29},{"text":"reiterate","start":6226.29,"end":6226.85},{"text":"our","start":6226.85,"end":6226.97},{"text":"call","start":6226.97,"end":6227.33},{"text":"for","start":6227.33,"end":6227.49},{"text":"negotiations","start":6227.49,"end":6228.37},{"text":"on","start":6228.37,"end":6228.69},{"text":"legally","start":6228.69,"end":6228.97},{"text":"binding","start":6228.97,"end":6229.29},{"text":"instruments","start":6229.29,"end":6230.05},{"text":"to","start":6230.37,"end":6230.45},{"text":"prevent","start":6230.45,"end":6230.89},{"text":"an","start":6230.89,"end":6231.01},{"text":"arms","start":6231.01,"end":6231.25},{"text":"race","start":6231.25,"end":6231.53},{"text":"in","start":6231.53,"end":6231.65},{"text":"outer","start":6231.65,"end":6231.89},{"text":"space.","start":6231.89,"end":6232.37}]},{"text":"J. Equity should be central to our discourse.","start":6233.25,"end":6236.61,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"J.","start":6233.25,"end":6233.65},{"text":"Equity","start":6234.37,"end":6234.85},{"text":"should","start":6234.85,"end":6235.09},{"text":"be","start":6235.09,"end":6235.25},{"text":"central","start":6235.25,"end":6235.73},{"text":"to","start":6235.73,"end":6235.89},{"text":"our","start":6235.89,"end":6236.01},{"text":"discourse.","start":6236.01,"end":6236.61}]},{"text":"There should not be discriminatory restrictions on access to space technology for peaceful purposes, and UNOOSA's capacity building should be strengthened.","start":6237.17,"end":6246.05,"topics":[{"key":"equitable-space-access","label":"Equitable Access and Space Capacity Building","description":"Delegations stressed that all countries, especially developing countries and emerging space nations, should benefit from space technologies and resources. They advocated technical assistance, training, knowledge transfer, and inclusive participation in space governance."}],"words":[{"text":"There","start":6237.17,"end":6237.41},{"text":"should","start":6237.41,"end":6237.65},{"text":"not","start":6237.65,"end":6237.97},{"text":"be","start":6237.97,"end":6238.13},{"text":"discriminatory","start":6238.13,"end":6239.01},{"text":"restrictions","start":6239.01,"end":6239.69},{"text":"on","start":6239.69,"end":6239.81},{"text":"access","start":6239.81,"end":6240.21},{"text":"to","start":6240.21,"end":6240.37},{"text":"space","start":6240.37,"end":6240.69},{"text":"technology","start":6240.69,"end":6241.25},{"text":"for","start":6241.25,"end":6241.41},{"text":"peaceful","start":6241.41,"end":6241.81},{"text":"purposes,","start":6241.81,"end":6242.45},{"text":"and","start":6242.85,"end":6243.01},{"text":"UNOOSA's","start":6243.01,"end":6244.13},{"text":"capacity","start":6244.21,"end":6244.77},{"text":"building","start":6244.77,"end":6245.17},{"text":"should","start":6245.17,"end":6245.41},{"text":"be","start":6245.41,"end":6245.49},{"text":"strengthened.","start":6245.49,"end":6246.05}]},{"text":"Pakistan is proud to be part of the Space for All initiative, and Pakistan's own space program reflects this vision.","start":6246.53,"end":6253.57,"topics":[{"key":"equitable-space-access","label":"Equitable Access and Space Capacity Building","description":"Delegations stressed that all countries, especially developing countries and emerging space nations, should benefit from space technologies and resources. 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They emphasized complementary work across Vienna, Geneva, and New York while respecting mandates and avoiding fragmentation or duplication."}],"words":[{"text":"Being","start":6287.57,"end":6287.81},{"text":"actively","start":6287.81,"end":6288.37},{"text":"engaged","start":6288.37,"end":6288.77},{"text":"in","start":6288.77,"end":6288.93},{"text":"both","start":6288.93,"end":6289.13},{"text":"Geneva","start":6289.13,"end":6289.53},{"text":"and","start":6289.53,"end":6289.73},{"text":"Vienna,","start":6289.73,"end":6290.21},{"text":"Pakistan","start":6290.53,"end":6291.13},{"text":"will","start":6291.13,"end":6291.25},{"text":"continue","start":6291.25,"end":6291.69},{"text":"to","start":6291.69,"end":6291.77},{"text":"serve","start":6291.77,"end":6292.13},{"text":"as","start":6292.13,"end":6292.29},{"text":"the","start":6292.29,"end":6292.45},{"text":"bridge","start":6292.45,"end":6292.69},{"text":"between","start":6292.69,"end":6293.01},{"text":"security","start":6293.01,"end":6293.65},{"text":"and","start":6293.65,"end":6293.89},{"text":"the","start":6293.89,"end":6293.97},{"text":"sustainability","start":6293.97,"end":6294.69},{"text":"tracks.","start":6294.69,"end":6295.17}]},{"text":"I thank you.","start":6295.41,"end":6295.93,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":6295.41,"end":6295.57},{"text":"thank","start":6295.57,"end":6295.81},{"text":"you.","start":6295.81,"end":6295.93}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"PAK","group":null,"function":null,"affiliation_full":"Pakistan"}},{"statement_number":40,"start":6297.01,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c1/81/25?lang=en&t=1:44:58","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank you.","start":6297.01,"end":6297.65,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":6297.01,"end":6297.25},{"text":"thank","start":6297.25,"end":6297.49},{"text":"you.","start":6297.49,"end":6297.65}]},{"text":"And now calling the 10th representative of Nepal.","start":6297.97,"end":6300.21,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":6297.97,"end":6298.17},{"text":"now","start":6298.17,"end":6298.29},{"text":"calling","start":6298.29,"end":6298.61},{"text":"the","start":6298.61,"end":6298.73},{"text":"10th","start":6298.77,"end":6299.01},{"text":"representative","start":6299.09,"end":6299.65},{"text":"of","start":6299.65,"end":6299.73},{"text":"Nepal.","start":6299.73,"end":6300.21}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"4th Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair","affiliation_full":"4th Committee"}},{"statement_number":41,"start":6305.61,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c1/81/25?lang=en&t=1:45:06","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you. Thank you, Chairs.","start":6305.61,"end":6309.13,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":6305.61,"end":6305.85},{"text":"you.","start":6305.85,"end":6305.97},{"text":"Thank","start":6308.33,"end":6308.49},{"text":"you,","start":6308.49,"end":6308.57},{"text":"Chairs.","start":6308.57,"end":6309.13}]},{"text":"Nepal welcomes the convening of this timely joint panel discussion and thanks the distinguished panelists for their valuable insights.","start":6309.29,"end":6316.49,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Nepal","start":6309.29,"end":6309.85},{"text":"welcomes","start":6309.85,"end":6310.33},{"text":"the","start":6310.33,"end":6310.57},{"text":"convening","start":6310.73,"end":6311.21},{"text":"of","start":6311.21,"end":6311.29},{"text":"this","start":6311.29,"end":6311.61},{"text":"timely","start":6312.25,"end":6312.65},{"text":"joint","start":6312.65,"end":6312.89},{"text":"panel","start":6312.89,"end":6313.17},{"text":"discussion","start":6313.17,"end":6313.61},{"text":"and","start":6313.61,"end":6313.73},{"text":"thanks","start":6313.73,"end":6314.01},{"text":"the","start":6314.01,"end":6314.09},{"text":"distinguished","start":6314.09,"end":6314.57},{"text":"panelists","start":6314.57,"end":6315.13},{"text":"for","start":6315.13,"end":6315.37},{"text":"their","start":6315.37,"end":6315.53},{"text":"valuable","start":6315.53,"end":6315.93},{"text":"insights.","start":6315.93,"end":6316.49}]},{"text":"Outer space has become increasingly important for international peace, security, and sustainable development.","start":6317.13,"end":6322.81,"topics":[{"key":"space-development-applications","label":"Space Applications for Sustainable Development","description":"Speakers highlighted the importance of satellite services for communications, navigation, disaster preparedness, climate monitoring, and other development needs. They warned that disruptions to space infrastructure could undermine essential services and disproportionately affect vulnerable countries."}],"words":[{"text":"Outer","start":6317.13,"end":6317.45},{"text":"space","start":6317.45,"end":6317.85},{"text":"has","start":6317.85,"end":6318.01},{"text":"become","start":6318.01,"end":6318.33},{"text":"increasingly","start":6318.33,"end":6319.01},{"text":"important","start":6319.01,"end":6319.53},{"text":"for","start":6319.53,"end":6319.69},{"text":"international","start":6319.69,"end":6320.25},{"text":"peace,","start":6320.25,"end":6320.77},{"text":"security,","start":6320.77,"end":6321.53},{"text":"and","start":6321.53,"end":6321.69},{"text":"sustainable","start":6321.69,"end":6322.17},{"text":"development.","start":6322.17,"end":6322.81}]},{"text":"Advances in space technologies have expanded opportunities for scientific progress, connectivity, and socioeconomic development.","start":6323.29,"end":6331.05,"topics":[{"key":"space-development-applications","label":"Space Applications for Sustainable Development","description":"Speakers highlighted the importance of satellite services for communications, navigation, disaster preparedness, climate monitoring, and other development needs. They warned that disruptions to space infrastructure could undermine essential services and disproportionately affect vulnerable countries."}],"words":[{"text":"Advances","start":6323.29,"end":6323.81},{"text":"in","start":6323.81,"end":6324.01},{"text":"space","start":6324.01,"end":6324.57},{"text":"technologies","start":6324.57,"end":6325.45},{"text":"have","start":6325.53,"end":6325.73},{"text":"expanded","start":6325.73,"end":6326.33},{"text":"opportunities","start":6326.33,"end":6327.05},{"text":"for","start":6327.05,"end":6327.29},{"text":"scientific","start":6327.53,"end":6328.09},{"text":"progress,","start":6328.09,"end":6328.57},{"text":"connectivity,","start":6328.57,"end":6329.29},{"text":"and","start":6329.29,"end":6329.45},{"text":"socioeconomic","start":6329.45,"end":6330.33},{"text":"development.","start":6330.41,"end":6331.05}]},{"text":"However, growing strategy competition, emerging risks, Security risks and increasingly complex space operations present new challenges to space security and sustainability.","start":6331.37,"end":6342.31,"topics":[{"key":"space-arms-race","label":"Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space","description":"Speakers addressed growing weaponization, counter-space capabilities, and risks of conflict in orbit. 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cluster 3 of First Committee, as well as in the space segment of the Fourth 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space has witnessed a surge in security challenges over recent years, with threats and perceived threats multiplying, compromising not only the long-term sustainability of the space environment, but also the level of trust among space actors.","start":6506.35,"end":6518.47,"topics":[{"key":"space-arms-race","label":"Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space","description":"Speakers addressed growing weaponization, counter-space capabilities, and risks of conflict in orbit. 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They debated legally binding agreements, voluntary norms of responsible behavior, and transparency measures as approaches to preserving peaceful uses of space."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":6529.87,"end":6529.99},{"text":"reaffirm","start":6529.99,"end":6530.51},{"text":"the","start":6530.51,"end":6530.59},{"text":"applicability","start":6530.59,"end":6531.59},{"text":"of","start":6531.59,"end":6531.75},{"text":"international","start":6531.75,"end":6532.67},{"text":"law,","start":6532.67,"end":6532.75},{"text":"including","start":6532.95,"end":6533.51},{"text":"international","start":6533.51,"end":6534.11},{"text":"humanitarian","start":6534.11,"end":6534.87},{"text":"law,","start":6534.87,"end":6535.11},{"text":"to","start":6535.11,"end":6535.23},{"text":"outer","start":6535.23,"end":6535.51},{"text":"space.","start":6535.51,"end":6535.91}]},{"text":"including the United Nations Charter and the 1967 Outer Space Treaty, and other relevant UN treaties on outer space, as well as non-legally binding instruments developed in or endorsed by the UN, as well as consensual principles developed in UN framework.","start":6536.43,"end":6551.63,"topics":[{"key":"space-arms-race","label":"Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space","description":"Speakers addressed growing weaponization, counter-space capabilities, and risks of conflict in orbit. 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They advocated technical assistance, training, knowledge transfer, and inclusive participation in space governance."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":6558.83,"end":6559.07},{"text":"enshrined","start":6559.07,"end":6559.51},{"text":"in","start":6559.51,"end":6559.63},{"text":"the","start":6559.63,"end":6559.83},{"text":"OST,","start":6559.83,"end":6560.11},{"text":"the","start":6560.59,"end":6560.67},{"text":"exploration","start":6560.75,"end":6561.47},{"text":"and","start":6561.47,"end":6561.59},{"text":"use","start":6561.63,"end":6561.87},{"text":"of","start":6561.87,"end":6561.95},{"text":"outer","start":6561.95,"end":6562.23},{"text":"space","start":6562.23,"end":6562.59},{"text":"is","start":6562.59,"end":6562.71},{"text":"the","start":6562.71,"end":6562.83},{"text":"province","start":6562.83,"end":6563.23},{"text":"of","start":6563.23,"end":6563.31},{"text":"all","start":6563.31,"end":6563.55},{"text":"humankind.","start":6563.55,"end":6564.27}]},{"text":"We continue to actively promote the preservation of safe, secure, stable, and sustainable space environment, and the peaceful use of outer space, as well as access to outer space for future generations.","start":6564.79,"end":6576.31,"topics":[{"key":"space-arms-race","label":"Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space","description":"Speakers addressed growing weaponization, counter-space capabilities, and risks of conflict in orbit. 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They called for restraint, commitments against such tests, or prohibitions on testing and use of anti-satellite weapons."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":6616.39,"end":6616.51},{"text":"encourage","start":6616.51,"end":6616.99},{"text":"all","start":6616.99,"end":6617.19},{"text":"states","start":6617.19,"end":6617.59},{"text":"to","start":6617.59,"end":6617.75},{"text":"make","start":6617.75,"end":6617.99},{"text":"such","start":6617.99,"end":6618.23},{"text":"commitment.","start":6618.23,"end":6618.87}]},{"text":"COPUOS and its subcommittees As stated by UNOSA, remain the indispensable fora for international cooperation in the peaceful uses of outer space, as well as for the development of international space law, international norms, guidelines, and best practices, including on space safety.","start":6619.87,"end":6638.11,"topics":[{"key":"coherent-space-governance","label":"Coherent International Space Governance","description":"Speakers called for stronger exchanges between UN bodies addressing space security and those responsible for peaceful uses and sustainability. 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this context, we reject attempts to impose divisive or unsubstantiated agenda onto the Fourth Committee.","start":6761.11,"end":6767.35,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":6761.11,"end":6761.27},{"text":"this","start":6761.27,"end":6761.43},{"text":"context,","start":6761.43,"end":6761.95},{"text":"we","start":6761.95,"end":6762.07},{"text":"reject","start":6762.07,"end":6762.47},{"text":"attempts","start":6762.51,"end":6762.95},{"text":"to","start":6762.95,"end":6763.11},{"text":"impose","start":6763.11,"end":6763.51},{"text":"divisive","start":6763.51,"end":6764.07},{"text":"or","start":6764.07,"end":6764.31},{"text":"unsubstantiated","start":6764.63,"end":6765.67},{"text":"agenda","start":6765.67,"end":6766.23},{"text":"onto","start":6766.23,"end":6766.47},{"text":"the","start":6766.47,"end":6766.55},{"text":"Fourth","start":6766.55,"end":6766.79},{"text":"Committee.","start":6766.79,"end":6767.35}]},{"text":"I thank 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They emphasized complementary work across Vienna, Geneva, and New York while respecting mandates and avoiding fragmentation or 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thank you.","start":7820.87,"end":7822.39,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":7820.87,"end":7820.91},{"text":"thank","start":7820.91,"end":7821.19},{"text":"you.","start":7822.15,"end":7822.39}]},{"text":"I thank you.","start":7823.51,"end":7823.91,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":7823.51,"end":7823.55},{"text":"thank","start":7823.55,"end":7823.83},{"text":"you.","start":7823.83,"end":7823.91}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"CHE","group":null,"function":null,"affiliation_full":"Switzerland"}},{"statement_number":54,"start":7825.19,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c1/81/25?lang=en&t=2:10:26","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Islamic Republic of Iran.","start":7825.19,"end":7826.55,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Islamic","start":7825.19,"end":7825.59},{"text":"Republic","start":7825.59,"end":7825.91},{"text":"of","start":7825.91,"end":7826.15},{"text":"Iran.","start":7826.19,"end":7826.55}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"4th Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair","affiliation_full":"4th Committee"}},{"statement_number":55,"start":7829.19,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c1/81/25?lang=en&t=2:10:30","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Mr. Chair.","start":7829.19,"end":7830.23,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":7829.19,"end":7829.43},{"text":"you,","start":7829.43,"end":7829.51},{"text":"Mr.","start":7829.59,"end":7829.87},{"text":"Chair.","start":7829.87,"end":7830.23}]},{"text":"My delegation welcomes this joint panel discussion and thanks the distinguished panelists for their presentations.","start":7830.31,"end":7836.51,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"My","start":7830.31,"end":7830.51},{"text":"delegation","start":7830.55,"end":7831.11},{"text":"welcomes","start":7831.15,"end":7831.59},{"text":"this","start":7831.59,"end":7831.83},{"text":"joint","start":7831.83,"end":7832.19},{"text":"panel","start":7832.19,"end":7832.51},{"text":"discussion","start":7832.51,"end":7833.19},{"text":"and","start":7833.19,"end":7833.39},{"text":"thanks","start":7833.39,"end":7833.71},{"text":"the","start":7833.75,"end":7833.83},{"text":"distinguished","start":7833.83,"end":7834.47},{"text":"panelists","start":7834.47,"end":7834.99},{"text":"for","start":7834.99,"end":7835.19},{"text":"their","start":7835.19,"end":7835.43},{"text":"presentations.","start":7835.79,"end":7836.51}]},{"text":"My delegation has already shared its views on outer space security under cluster III of the First Committee.","start":7837.43,"end":7844.39,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"My","start":7837.43,"end":7837.51},{"text":"delegation","start":7837.51,"end":7838.15},{"text":"has","start":7838.55,"end":7838.75},{"text":"already","start":7838.79,"end":7839.27},{"text":"shared","start":7839.27,"end":7839.67},{"text":"its","start":7839.75,"end":7839.99},{"text":"views","start":7839.99,"end":7840.39},{"text":"on","start":7840.71,"end":7840.95},{"text":"outer","start":7841.03,"end":7841.35},{"text":"space","start":7841.35,"end":7841.63},{"text":"security","start":7841.63,"end":7842.23},{"text":"under","start":7842.23,"end":7842.51},{"text":"cluster","start":7842.51,"end":7842.95},{"text":"III","start":7842.95,"end":7843.27},{"text":"of","start":7843.27,"end":7843.43},{"text":"the","start":7843.43,"end":7843.55},{"text":"First","start":7843.55,"end":7843.83},{"text":"Committee.","start":7843.83,"end":7844.39}]},{"text":"I would like to take this opportunity to highlight a specific development with serious implications for outer space security and sustainability: the development and operation of mega-constellations in low Earth orbit, an issue that Iran addressed in a non-paper submitted to the First Committee last year.","start":7844.55,"end":7864.63,"topics":[{"key":"commercial-satellite-constellations","label":"Commercial Satellite Constellations","description":"Participants discussed the expansion of commercial mega-constellations and their implications for orbital congestion, access to orbital and frequency resources, and regulation. Several speakers also raised concerns about the use of commercial satellite infrastructure to support military operations."}],"words":[{"text":"I","start":7844.55,"end":7844.71},{"text":"would","start":7844.71,"end":7844.95},{"text":"like","start":7844.95,"end":7845.19},{"text":"to","start":7845.19,"end":7845.27},{"text":"take","start":7845.27,"end":7845.51},{"text":"this","start":7845.51,"end":7845.75},{"text":"opportunity","start":7845.75,"end":7846.39},{"text":"to","start":7846.39,"end":7846.51},{"text":"highlight","start":7846.55,"end":7847.03},{"text":"a","start":7847.19,"end":7847.23},{"text":"specific","start":7847.23,"end":7847.75},{"text":"development","start":7847.75,"end":7848.47},{"text":"with","start":7848.95,"end":7849.11},{"text":"serious","start":7849.11,"end":7849.59},{"text":"implications","start":7849.59,"end":7850.47},{"text":"for","start":7850.55,"end":7850.79},{"text":"outer","start":7850.79,"end":7851.11},{"text":"space","start":7851.11,"end":7851.47},{"text":"security","start":7851.47,"end":7851.99},{"text":"and","start":7851.99,"end":7852.23},{"text":"sustainability:","start":7852.23,"end":7853.11},{"text":"the","start":7853.91,"end":7854.11},{"text":"development","start":7854.11,"end":7854.71},{"text":"and","start":7854.71,"end":7854.95},{"text":"operation","start":7854.99,"end":7855.59},{"text":"of","start":7855.59,"end":7855.79},{"text":"mega-constellations","start":7855.79,"end":7857.03},{"text":"in","start":7857.43,"end":7857.59},{"text":"low","start":7857.59,"end":7858.23},{"text":"Earth","start":7858.51,"end":7858.71},{"text":"orbit,","start":7858.79,"end":7859.19},{"text":"an","start":7859.71,"end":7859.83},{"text":"issue","start":7859.91,"end":7860.23},{"text":"that","start":7860.23,"end":7860.47},{"text":"Iran","start":7860.59,"end":7860.87},{"text":"addressed","start":7860.87,"end":7861.47},{"text":"in","start":7861.47,"end":7861.75},{"text":"a","start":7861.75,"end":7861.79},{"text":"non-paper","start":7861.79,"end":7862.39},{"text":"submitted","start":7862.39,"end":7862.87},{"text":"to","start":7862.87,"end":7863.03},{"text":"the","start":7863.03,"end":7863.15},{"text":"First","start":7863.15,"end":7863.43},{"text":"Committee","start":7863.43,"end":7863.99},{"text":"last","start":7863.99,"end":7864.31},{"text":"year.","start":7864.31,"end":7864.63}]},{"text":"The growing use of commercial satellite systems for military purposes demonstrates that the weaponization of outer space is no longer confined to the traditional military programs of certain states.","start":7865.47,"end":7877.59,"topics":[{"key":"commercial-satellite-constellations","label":"Commercial Satellite Constellations","description":"Participants discussed the expansion of commercial mega-constellations and their implications for orbital congestion, access to orbital and frequency resources, and regulation. Several speakers also raised concerns about the use of commercial satellite infrastructure to support military operations."},{"key":"space-arms-race","label":"Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space","description":"Speakers addressed growing weaponization, counter-space capabilities, and risks of conflict in orbit. They debated legally binding agreements, voluntary norms of responsible behavior, and transparency measures as approaches to preserving peaceful uses of space."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":7865.47,"end":7865.51},{"text":"growing","start":7865.51,"end":7865.99},{"text":"use","start":7865.99,"end":7866.31},{"text":"of","start":7866.31,"end":7866.47},{"text":"commercial","start":7866.47,"end":7867.03},{"text":"satellite","start":7867.03,"end":7867.51},{"text":"systems","start":7867.51,"end":7868.07},{"text":"for","start":7868.07,"end":7868.31},{"text":"military","start":7868.31,"end":7868.71},{"text":"purposes","start":7868.71,"end":7869.43},{"text":"demonstrates","start":7869.51,"end":7870.27},{"text":"that","start":7870.67,"end":7870.87},{"text":"the","start":7870.87,"end":7870.99},{"text":"weaponization","start":7871.03,"end":7871.91},{"text":"of","start":7871.91,"end":7872.07},{"text":"outer","start":7872.07,"end":7872.39},{"text":"space","start":7872.39,"end":7872.79},{"text":"is","start":7872.87,"end":7873.11},{"text":"no","start":7873.11,"end":7873.35},{"text":"longer","start":7873.35,"end":7873.71},{"text":"confined","start":7873.71,"end":7874.35},{"text":"to","start":7874.35,"end":7874.43},{"text":"the","start":7874.43,"end":7874.55},{"text":"traditional","start":7874.55,"end":7875.27},{"text":"military","start":7875.27,"end":7875.91},{"text":"programs","start":7875.91,"end":7876.47},{"text":"of","start":7876.47,"end":7876.63},{"text":"certain","start":7876.63,"end":7877.11},{"text":"states.","start":7877.11,"end":7877.59}]},{"text":"Despite their claimed universal benefits, mega-constellations pose significant legal, technical, security, and long-term sustainability challenges.","start":7878.23,"end":7887.91,"topics":[{"key":"commercial-satellite-constellations","label":"Commercial Satellite Constellations","description":"Participants discussed the expansion of commercial mega-constellations and their implications for orbital congestion, access to orbital and frequency resources, and regulation. Several speakers also raised concerns about the use of commercial satellite infrastructure to support military operations."}],"words":[{"text":"Despite","start":7878.23,"end":7878.79},{"text":"their","start":7878.79,"end":7878.95},{"text":"claimed","start":7878.95,"end":7879.51},{"text":"universal","start":7879.51,"end":7880.15},{"text":"benefits,","start":7880.15,"end":7880.79},{"text":"mega-constellations","start":7881.27,"end":7882.47},{"text":"pose","start":7882.47,"end":7882.87},{"text":"significant","start":7882.87,"end":7883.59},{"text":"legal,","start":7883.59,"end":7884.07},{"text":"technical,","start":7884.23,"end":7884.87},{"text":"security,","start":7884.95,"end":7885.67},{"text":"and","start":7885.67,"end":7885.95},{"text":"long-term","start":7885.95,"end":7886.55},{"text":"sustainability","start":7886.55,"end":7887.35},{"text":"challenges.","start":7887.35,"end":7887.91}]},{"text":"Their extensive occupation of LEO risks orbital saturation and unequal access to limited orbital and frequency resources, amounting to de facto appropriation, contrary to Article 2 of the Outer Space Treaty.","start":7889.75,"end":7905.55,"topics":[{"key":"commercial-satellite-constellations","label":"Commercial Satellite Constellations","description":"Participants discussed the expansion of commercial mega-constellations and their implications for orbital congestion, access to orbital and frequency resources, and regulation. Several speakers also raised concerns about the use of commercial satellite infrastructure to support military operations."},{"key":"equitable-space-access","label":"Equitable Access and Space Capacity Building","description":"Delegations stressed that all countries, especially developing countries and emerging space nations, should benefit from space technologies and resources. They advocated technical assistance, training, knowledge transfer, and inclusive participation in space governance."}],"words":[{"text":"Their","start":7889.75,"end":7889.91},{"text":"extensive","start":7889.95,"end":7890.67},{"text":"occupation","start":7890.75,"end":7891.47},{"text":"of","start":7891.47,"end":7891.71},{"text":"LEO","start":7891.71,"end":7892.19},{"text":"risks","start":7892.59,"end":7892.99},{"text":"orbital","start":7892.99,"end":7893.47},{"text":"saturation","start":7893.47,"end":7894.35},{"text":"and","start":7894.35,"end":7894.59},{"text":"unequal","start":7894.71,"end":7895.31},{"text":"access","start":7895.31,"end":7895.71},{"text":"to","start":7895.71,"end":7895.87},{"text":"limited","start":7895.87,"end":7896.43},{"text":"orbital","start":7896.43,"end":7896.99},{"text":"and","start":7896.99,"end":7897.15},{"text":"frequency","start":7897.15,"end":7897.75},{"text":"resources,","start":7897.79,"end":7898.63},{"text":"amounting","start":7899.31,"end":7900.03},{"text":"to","start":7900.03,"end":7900.23},{"text":"de","start":7900.35,"end":7900.55},{"text":"facto","start":7900.59,"end":7901.07},{"text":"appropriation,","start":7901.11,"end":7902.03},{"text":"contrary","start":7902.35,"end":7902.99},{"text":"to","start":7902.99,"end":7903.19},{"text":"Article","start":7903.19,"end":7903.67},{"text":"2","start":7903.67,"end":7904.11},{"text":"of","start":7904.11,"end":7904.31},{"text":"the","start":7904.31,"end":7904.39},{"text":"Outer","start":7904.39,"end":7904.75},{"text":"Space","start":7904.75,"end":7905.07},{"text":"Treaty.","start":7905.07,"end":7905.55}]},{"text":"Other serious concerns include increased collision risk, space debris, light pollution, and radio interference that undermine astronomical research and the long-term sustainability of outer space.","start":7906.31,"end":7919.79,"topics":[{"key":"space-traffic-coordination","label":"Space Traffic Coordination and Situational Awareness","description":"Speakers advocated improved monitoring, information sharing, operator communication, and collision warnings to manage increasingly congested orbits. Shared space situational awareness was also presented as a means of reducing misunderstandings and supporting verification."},{"key":"space-debris-management","label":"Space Debris Mitigation and Removal","description":"Discussions emphasized the collision risks posed by accumulating debris, abandoned rocket bodies, and defunct satellites. Speakers called for implementation of sustainability guidelines, timely disposal of spacecraft, and investment in active debris removal."},{"key":"dark-quiet-skies","label":"Protection of Dark and Quiet Skies","description":"Speakers addressed the effects of space activities on ground-based astronomy, including light pollution and radio interference from satellite constellations. They emphasized preserving observation conditions while enabling sustainable development of space activities."}],"words":[{"text":"Other","start":7906.31,"end":7906.55},{"text":"serious","start":7906.55,"end":7907.03},{"text":"concerns","start":7907.03,"end":7907.59},{"text":"include","start":7907.59,"end":7908.07},{"text":"increased","start":7908.07,"end":7908.67},{"text":"collision","start":7908.95,"end":7909.51},{"text":"risk,","start":7909.51,"end":7909.91},{"text":"space","start":7910.23,"end":7910.63},{"text":"debris,","start":7910.71,"end":7911.03},{"text":"light","start":7911.35,"end":7911.75},{"text":"pollution,","start":7911.75,"end":7912.31},{"text":"and","start":7912.31,"end":7912.51},{"text":"radio","start":7912.51,"end":7912.87},{"text":"interference","start":7912.87,"end":7913.67},{"text":"that","start":7914.11,"end":7914.39},{"text":"undermine","start":7914.39,"end":7915.11},{"text":"astronomical","start":7915.15,"end":7915.99},{"text":"research","start":7915.99,"end":7916.55},{"text":"and","start":7916.63,"end":7917.31},{"text":"the","start":7917.31,"end":7917.39},{"text":"long-term","start":7917.39,"end":7917.99},{"text":"sustainability","start":7917.99,"end":7918.87},{"text":"of","start":7918.87,"end":7919.11},{"text":"outer","start":7919.23,"end":7919.51},{"text":"space.","start":7919.51,"end":7919.79}]},{"text":"The provision of unauthorized satellite communication services also raises serious concerns regarding national sovereignty, interference in domestic affairs, and the protection of a state's information environment.","start":7920.55,"end":7935.07,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":7920.55,"end":7920.67},{"text":"provision","start":7920.71,"end":7921.35},{"text":"of","start":7921.35,"end":7921.59},{"text":"unauthorized","start":7921.59,"end":7922.27},{"text":"satellite","start":7922.27,"end":7922.71},{"text":"communication","start":7922.71,"end":7923.51},{"text":"services","start":7923.51,"end":7924.15},{"text":"also","start":7924.15,"end":7924.71},{"text":"raises","start":7924.71,"end":7925.15},{"text":"serious","start":7925.15,"end":7925.67},{"text":"concerns","start":7925.67,"end":7926.23},{"text":"regarding","start":7926.63,"end":7927.19},{"text":"national","start":7927.19,"end":7927.67},{"text":"sovereignty,","start":7927.67,"end":7928.47},{"text":"interference","start":7928.87,"end":7929.67},{"text":"in","start":7930.39,"end":7930.55},{"text":"domestic","start":7930.55,"end":7931.11},{"text":"affairs,","start":7931.11,"end":7931.59},{"text":"and","start":7931.75,"end":7932.07},{"text":"the","start":7932.07,"end":7932.19},{"text":"protection","start":7932.23,"end":7933.03},{"text":"of","start":7933.03,"end":7933.19},{"text":"a","start":7933.19,"end":7933.23},{"text":"state's","start":7933.23,"end":7933.59},{"text":"information","start":7933.67,"end":7934.47},{"text":"environment.","start":7934.47,"end":7935.07}]},{"text":"Mr. Chair, the military use of commercial mega-constellations poses a particularly grave threat to international peace and security.","start":7935.99,"end":7944.59,"topics":[{"key":"commercial-satellite-constellations","label":"Commercial Satellite Constellations","description":"Participants discussed the expansion of commercial mega-constellations and their implications for orbital congestion, access to orbital and frequency resources, and regulation. Several speakers also raised concerns about the use of commercial satellite infrastructure to support military operations."},{"key":"space-arms-race","label":"Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space","description":"Speakers addressed growing weaponization, counter-space capabilities, and risks of conflict in orbit. They debated legally binding agreements, voluntary norms of responsible behavior, and transparency measures as approaches to preserving peaceful uses of space."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":7935.99,"end":7936.27},{"text":"Chair,","start":7936.27,"end":7936.67},{"text":"the","start":7937.23,"end":7937.35},{"text":"military","start":7937.39,"end":7937.91},{"text":"use","start":7937.91,"end":7938.19},{"text":"of","start":7938.19,"end":7938.35},{"text":"commercial","start":7938.35,"end":7938.99},{"text":"mega-constellations","start":7938.99,"end":7940.11},{"text":"poses","start":7940.19,"end":7940.67},{"text":"a","start":7940.67,"end":7940.75},{"text":"particularly","start":7940.75,"end":7941.59},{"text":"grave","start":7941.59,"end":7942.03},{"text":"threat","start":7942.03,"end":7942.47},{"text":"to","start":7942.47,"end":7942.55},{"text":"international","start":7942.55,"end":7943.23},{"text":"peace","start":7943.23,"end":7943.63},{"text":"and","start":7943.63,"end":7943.95},{"text":"security.","start":7943.95,"end":7944.59}]},{"text":"During the acts of aggression by the United States and the Israeli regime against Iran in June 2025 and February 2026, satellite-based communications and internet services, particularly those provided by the Starlink constellation, supported offensive military operations.","start":7945.39,"end":7965.87,"topics":[{"key":"commercial-satellite-constellations","label":"Commercial Satellite Constellations","description":"Participants discussed the expansion of commercial mega-constellations and their implications for orbital congestion, access to orbital and frequency resources, and regulation. 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services.","start":8015.47,"end":8029.43,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"which","start":8015.47,"end":8015.67},{"text":"issued","start":8015.67,"end":8016.11},{"text":"multiple","start":8016.11,"end":8016.71},{"text":"decisions","start":8016.71,"end":8017.43},{"text":"in","start":8017.51,"end":8017.75},{"text":"Iran’s","start":8017.79,"end":8018.23},{"text":"favor,","start":8018.23,"end":8018.71},{"text":"instructing","start":8019.27,"end":8019.99},{"text":"the","start":8019.99,"end":8020.11},{"text":"operator","start":8020.27,"end":8020.79},{"text":"and","start":8020.79,"end":8021.15},{"text":"notifying","start":8021.15,"end":8021.75},{"text":"administrations","start":8021.75,"end":8025.11},{"text":"of","start":8025.11,"end":8025.27},{"text":"Norway","start":8025.27,"end":8025.83},{"text":"and","start":8025.83,"end":8026.03},{"text":"the","start":8026.03,"end":8026.11},{"text":"U.S.","start":8026.15,"end":8026.71},{"text":"to","start":8027.19,"end":8027.31},{"text":"cease","start":8027.31,"end":8027.71},{"text":"these","start":8027.71,"end":8028.15},{"text":"unauthorized","start":8028.15,"end":8028.87},{"text":"services.","start":8028.87,"end":8029.43}]},{"text":"These 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Chair, the current trajectory of mega-constellations risks turning outer space into an arena of competition and confrontation, posing a significant threat to its security and sustainability.","start":8050.15,"end":8062.67,"topics":[{"key":"commercial-satellite-constellations","label":"Commercial Satellite Constellations","description":"Participants discussed the expansion of commercial mega-constellations and their implications for orbital congestion, access to orbital and frequency resources, and regulation. Several speakers also raised concerns about the use of commercial satellite infrastructure to support military operations."},{"key":"space-arms-race","label":"Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space","description":"Speakers addressed growing weaponization, counter-space capabilities, and risks of conflict in orbit. They debated legally binding agreements, voluntary norms of responsible behavior, and transparency measures as approaches to preserving peaceful uses of space."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":8050.15,"end":8050.47},{"text":"Chair,","start":8050.47,"end":8050.83},{"text":"the","start":8051.39,"end":8051.51},{"text":"current","start":8051.51,"end":8051.99},{"text":"trajectory","start":8051.99,"end":8052.59},{"text":"of","start":8052.59,"end":8052.75},{"text":"mega-constellations","start":8052.75,"end":8053.87},{"text":"risks","start":8053.87,"end":8054.31},{"text":"turning","start":8054.31,"end":8054.83},{"text":"outer","start":8054.83,"end":8055.15},{"text":"space","start":8055.15,"end":8055.55},{"text":"into","start":8055.55,"end":8055.83},{"text":"an","start":8055.83,"end":8056.11},{"text":"arena","start":8056.11,"end":8056.55},{"text":"of","start":8056.55,"end":8056.75},{"text":"competition","start":8056.75,"end":8057.55},{"text":"and","start":8057.55,"end":8057.79},{"text":"confrontation,","start":8057.79,"end":8058.75},{"text":"posing","start":8059.23,"end":8059.67},{"text":"a","start":8059.67,"end":8059.71},{"text":"significant","start":8059.71,"end":8060.47},{"text":"threat","start":8060.47,"end":8060.79},{"text":"to","start":8060.79,"end":8060.87},{"text":"its","start":8060.91,"end":8061.11},{"text":"security","start":8061.11,"end":8061.63},{"text":"and","start":8061.63,"end":8061.79},{"text":"sustainability.","start":8061.79,"end":8062.67}]},{"text":"The international community must urgently, first, develop an inclusive, legally binding framework governing satellite mega-constellations.","start":8063.39,"end":8072.31,"topics":[{"key":"commercial-satellite-constellations","label":"Commercial Satellite Constellations","description":"Participants discussed the expansion of commercial mega-constellations and their implications for orbital congestion, access to orbital and frequency resources, and regulation. 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They debated legally binding agreements, voluntary norms of responsible behavior, and transparency measures as approaches to preserving peaceful uses of space."}],"words":[{"text":"Third,","start":8079.19,"end":8079.51},{"text":"prevent","start":8079.55,"end":8080.03},{"text":"the","start":8080.03,"end":8080.11},{"text":"militarization","start":8080.11,"end":8081.03},{"text":"and","start":8081.03,"end":8081.27},{"text":"weaponization","start":8081.27,"end":8082.07},{"text":"of","start":8082.07,"end":8082.31},{"text":"commercial","start":8082.31,"end":8082.87},{"text":"mega-constellations","start":8082.87,"end":8084.07},{"text":"and","start":8084.39,"end":8084.63},{"text":"other","start":8084.71,"end":8085.03},{"text":"space-based","start":8085.03,"end":8085.83},{"text":"infrastructure.","start":8085.83,"end":8086.79}]},{"text":"And fourth, guarantee equitable access to orbital and frequency resources for all States, particularly developing countries.","start":8087.39,"end":8095.71,"topics":[{"key":"equitable-space-access","label":"Equitable Access and Space Capacity Building","description":"Delegations stressed that all countries, especially developing countries and emerging space nations, should benefit from space technologies and resources. 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I must briefly respond to Iran’s allegations about U.S. military space activities.","start":8746.51,"end":8751.95,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Finally,","start":8746.51,"end":8747.23},{"text":"I","start":8747.31,"end":8747.47},{"text":"must","start":8747.47,"end":8747.75},{"text":"briefly","start":8747.75,"end":8748.11},{"text":"respond","start":8748.11,"end":8748.63},{"text":"to","start":8748.63,"end":8748.71},{"text":"Iran’s","start":8748.71,"end":8749.11},{"text":"allegations","start":8749.11,"end":8749.71},{"text":"about","start":8749.71,"end":8749.99},{"text":"U.S.","start":8749.99,"end":8750.35},{"text":"military","start":8750.35,"end":8750.91},{"text":"space","start":8750.91,"end":8751.31},{"text":"activities.","start":8751.31,"end":8751.95}]},{"text":"Iran’s criticism of the United States for using space in conflicts is utter hypocrisy.","start":8752.19,"end":8757.87,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Iran’s","start":8752.19,"end":8752.83},{"text":"criticism","start":8752.83,"end":8753.47},{"text":"of","start":8753.47,"end":8753.55},{"text":"the","start":8753.55,"end":8753.63},{"text":"United","start":8753.63,"end":8754.03},{"text":"States","start":8754.03,"end":8754.51},{"text":"for","start":8754.67,"end":8754.91},{"text":"using","start":8754.91,"end":8755.31},{"text":"space","start":8755.31,"end":8755.71},{"text":"in","start":8755.71,"end":8755.87},{"text":"conflicts","start":8755.87,"end":8756.51},{"text":"is","start":8756.51,"end":8756.75},{"text":"utter","start":8756.75,"end":8757.07},{"text":"hypocrisy.","start":8757.07,"end":8757.87}]},{"text":"The fact is that Iran’s military fully utilizes space in all of its military operations.","start":8758.11,"end":8764.75,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":8758.11,"end":8758.27},{"text":"fact","start":8758.27,"end":8758.67},{"text":"is","start":8758.67,"end":8758.99},{"text":"that","start":8758.99,"end":8759.23},{"text":"Iran’s","start":8759.23,"end":8759.79},{"text":"military","start":8760.07,"end":8760.51},{"text":"fully","start":8760.59,"end":8761.15},{"text":"utilizes","start":8761.15,"end":8761.87},{"text":"space","start":8761.87,"end":8762.35},{"text":"in","start":8762.35,"end":8762.59},{"text":"all","start":8762.59,"end":8763.07},{"text":"of","start":8763.07,"end":8763.23},{"text":"its","start":8763.23,"end":8763.39},{"text":"military","start":8763.39,"end":8763.95},{"text":"operations.","start":8763.95,"end":8764.75}]},{"text":"Thank you, Chair.","start":8764.99,"end":8765.79,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":8764.99,"end":8765.23},{"text":"you,","start":8765.23,"end":8765.31},{"text":"Chair.","start":8765.31,"end":8765.79}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"USA","group":null,"function":null,"affiliation_full":"United States of America"}},{"statement_number":62,"start":8766.91,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c1/81/25?lang=en&t=2:26:07","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank you very much.","start":8766.91,"end":8767.87,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":8766.91,"end":8767.15},{"text":"thank","start":8767.15,"end":8767.39},{"text":"you","start":8767.39,"end":8767.47},{"text":"very","start":8767.47,"end":8767.63},{"text":"much.","start":8767.63,"end":8767.87}]},{"text":"I now give the floor to Djibouti, with the last speaker on my 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thank you for your kind attention.","start":8906.79,"end":8907.87,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":8906.79,"end":8906.87},{"text":"thank","start":8906.87,"end":8907.03},{"text":"you","start":8907.03,"end":8907.11},{"text":"for","start":8907.11,"end":8907.23},{"text":"your","start":8907.23,"end":8907.35},{"text":"kind","start":8907.35,"end":8907.51},{"text":"attention.","start":8907.51,"end":8907.87}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"DJI","group":null,"function":null,"affiliation_full":"Djibouti"}},{"statement_number":64,"start":8908.39,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c1/81/25?lang=en&t=2:28:29","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I shall now call on delegations who have requested the right of 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now give the floor.","start":8927.47,"end":8928.67,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":8927.47,"end":8927.63},{"text":"now","start":8927.63,"end":8927.87},{"text":"give","start":8927.87,"end":8928.03},{"text":"the","start":8928.07,"end":8928.19},{"text":"floor.","start":8928.19,"end":8928.67}]},{"text":"If there is no objection, it is so decided.","start":8932.15,"end":8934.19,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"If","start":8932.15,"end":8932.27},{"text":"there","start":8932.35,"end":8932.55},{"text":"is","start":8932.55,"end":8932.67},{"text":"no","start":8932.67,"end":8932.83},{"text":"objection,","start":8932.83,"end":8933.31},{"text":"it","start":8933.31,"end":8933.47},{"text":"is","start":8933.47,"end":8933.55},{"text":"so","start":8933.55,"end":8933.71},{"text":"decided.","start":8933.71,"end":8934.19}]},{"text":"And I give the floor to the Islamic Republic of 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Committee"}},{"statement_number":65,"start":8947.55,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c1/81/25?lang=en&t=2:29:08","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you.","start":8947.55,"end":8948.11,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":8947.55,"end":8947.87},{"text":"you.","start":8947.87,"end":8948.11}]},{"text":"Mr. Chairman, we reject all spurious and ungrounded insinuations about the space activity of the Russian 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Russian Federation strictly adheres to the founding treaty on space of 1967, as well as other agreements in this 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floor.","start":9092.71,"end":9094.47,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":9092.71,"end":9092.72},{"text":"see","start":9092.79,"end":9093.03},{"text":"no","start":9093.03,"end":9093.27},{"text":"further","start":9093.27,"end":9093.59},{"text":"request","start":9093.59,"end":9093.99},{"text":"for","start":9093.99,"end":9094.11},{"text":"the","start":9094.11,"end":9094.19},{"text":"floor.","start":9094.23,"end":9094.47}]},{"text":"Iran.","start":9094.47,"end":9094.63,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Iran.","start":9094.47,"end":9094.63}]},{"text":"It's now the Republic of Iran, you have the 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Chair.","start":9101.03,"end":9102.07,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":9101.03,"end":9101.27},{"text":"you,","start":9101.27,"end":9101.43},{"text":"Mr.","start":9101.43,"end":9101.75},{"text":"Chair.","start":9101.75,"end":9102.07}]},{"text":"Very briefly in response to the representative of US, my delegation categorically reject the baseless allegations made by representative of the United 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of US, rather than leveling baseless allegation against Iran, should respond to the serious concerns regarding his country’s destructive policies and actions in outer space, including recent public statements by the U.S. officials openly and blatantly acknowledging the deployment of weapons in outer space.","start":9113.99,"end":9136.07,"topics":[{"key":"space-arms-race","label":"Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space","description":"Speakers addressed growing weaponization, counter-space capabilities, and risks of conflict in orbit. 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floor.","start":9154.39,"end":9156.31,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":9154.39,"end":9154.55},{"text":"see","start":9154.55,"end":9154.67},{"text":"no","start":9154.71,"end":9154.87},{"text":"further","start":9154.87,"end":9155.15},{"text":"requests","start":9155.15,"end":9155.51},{"text":"for","start":9155.51,"end":9155.67},{"text":"the","start":9155.67,"end":9155.75},{"text":"floor.","start":9155.75,"end":9156.31}]},{"text":"We have heard the last speaker in this joint panel of the First and the Fourth 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insightful interventions and also the panellists for their thoughtful 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line with past practice, A co-chaired summary of the joint panel discussion will be prepared and issued in due course after this 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next meeting of the First Committee will take place this afternoon at 3:00 PM in this conference room, and the Fourth Committee will convene tomorrow, Friday, October 30th, at 10:00 AM in this conference room to continue and conclude its consideration of agenda item 46A, entitled International cooperation, the peaceful uses of outer 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meeting is adjourned.","start":9210.59,"end":9211.99,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":9210.59,"end":9210.75},{"text":"meeting","start":9210.75,"end":9211.07},{"text":"is","start":9211.07,"end":9211.47},{"text":"adjourned.","start":9211.59,"end":9211.99}]},{"text":"Thank you.","start":9212.11,"end":9212.43,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":9212.11,"end":9212.35},{"text":"you.","start":9212.35,"end":9212.43}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"4th Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair","affiliation_full":"4th Committee"}}],"topics":[{"key":"space-arms-race","label":"Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space","description":"Speakers addressed growing weaponization, counter-space capabilities, and risks of conflict in orbit. They debated legally binding agreements, voluntary norms of responsible behavior, and transparency measures as approaches to preserving peaceful uses of space."},{"key":"dark-quiet-skies","label":"Protection of Dark and Quiet Skies","description":"Speakers addressed the effects of space activities on ground-based astronomy, including light pollution and radio interference from satellite constellations. They emphasized preserving observation conditions while enabling sustainable development of space activities."},{"key":"equitable-space-access","label":"Equitable Access and Space Capacity Building","description":"Delegations stressed that all countries, especially developing countries and emerging space nations, should benefit from space technologies and resources. They advocated technical assistance, training, knowledge transfer, and inclusive participation in space governance."},{"key":"space-debris-management","label":"Space Debris Mitigation and Removal","description":"Discussions emphasized the collision risks posed by accumulating debris, abandoned rocket bodies, and defunct satellites. Speakers called for implementation of sustainability guidelines, timely disposal of spacecraft, and investment in active debris removal."},{"key":"coherent-space-governance","label":"Coherent International Space Governance","description":"Speakers called for stronger exchanges between UN bodies addressing space security and those responsible for peaceful uses and sustainability. They emphasized complementary work across Vienna, Geneva, and New York while respecting mandates and avoiding fragmentation or duplication."},{"key":"space-traffic-coordination","label":"Space Traffic Coordination and Situational Awareness","description":"Speakers advocated improved monitoring, information sharing, operator communication, and collision warnings to manage increasingly congested orbits. Shared space situational awareness was also presented as a means of reducing misunderstandings and supporting verification."},{"key":"orbital-servicing-guidelines","label":"On-Orbit Servicing and Proximity Operations","description":"Participants examined satellite servicing, refueling, and rendezvous and proximity operations as capabilities essential to sustainability but potentially associated with security risks. They discussed transparent operational guidelines, safety standards, authorization procedures, and international regulatory coordination."},{"key":"space-development-applications","label":"Space Applications for Sustainable Development","description":"Speakers highlighted the importance of satellite services for communications, navigation, disaster preparedness, climate monitoring, and other development needs. They warned that disruptions to space infrastructure could undermine essential services and disproportionately affect vulnerable countries."},{"key":"destructive-antisatellite-tests","label":"Destructive Anti-Satellite Tests","description":"Multiple delegations highlighted the lasting debris and security risks created by destructive anti-satellite testing. They called for restraint, commitments against such tests, or prohibitions on testing and use of anti-satellite weapons."},{"key":"commercial-satellite-constellations","label":"Commercial Satellite Constellations","description":"Participants discussed the expansion of commercial mega-constellations and their implications for orbital congestion, access to orbital and frequency resources, and regulation. Several speakers also raised concerns about the use of commercial satellite infrastructure to support military operations."}]}}