{"disclaimer":"Transcripts available through this tool are created by using automatic speech recognition and are not official records nor official documents of the United Nations. Official records and official documents are available on the Official Document System of the United Nations.","url":"https://transcripts.un.org/ar/ga/c6/81/24?lang=en","llms":{"note":"Plain-text sibling of this page, compact for LLM context. 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seats.","start":864.95,"end":866.31,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":864.95,"end":865.11},{"text":"invite","start":865.11,"end":865.43},{"text":"you","start":865.43,"end":865.51},{"text":"to","start":865.51,"end":865.67},{"text":"take","start":865.71,"end":865.87},{"text":"your","start":865.87,"end":865.99},{"text":"seats.","start":866.07,"end":866.31}]},{"text":"I call to order the 23rd meeting of the Sixth Committee for the 81st session of the General 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agenda item 84, the rule of law at the national and international levels, in order to hear the annual presentation of the Deputy Secretary-General, Ms. Amina Mohammed, who also leads the Rule of Law Unit, which, as you know, brings together entities within the UN system involved in rule of law activities.","start":876.27,"end":904.75,"topics":[{"key":"rule-of-law","label":"Rule of Law","description":"Speakers stressed the importance of strengthening the rule of law at both the national and international levels as a basis for rights protection, accountability, peaceful dispute settlement, and stable multilateral 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Mohammed will speak on this year's report on behalf of the Secretary-General.","start":905.35,"end":910.87,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"DSG","start":905.35,"end":905.99},{"text":"Mohammed","start":905.99,"end":906.63},{"text":"will","start":906.63,"end":906.87},{"text":"speak","start":906.87,"end":907.35},{"text":"on","start":907.35,"end":907.55},{"text":"this","start":907.55,"end":907.83},{"text":"year's","start":907.83,"end":908.15},{"text":"report","start":908.15,"end":908.71},{"text":"on","start":908.71,"end":908.95},{"text":"behalf","start":908.95,"end":909.51},{"text":"of","start":909.51,"end":909.67},{"text":"the","start":909.67,"end":909.75},{"text":"Secretary-General.","start":909.75,"end":910.87}]},{"text":"It is my great pleasure to warmly welcome Deputy Secretary-General to the Sixth Committee and to give you the 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also thank the Secretariat for their steady support of your work.","start":934.31,"end":938.47,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":934.31,"end":934.47},{"text":"also","start":934.47,"end":934.79},{"text":"thank","start":934.79,"end":935.11},{"text":"the","start":935.11,"end":935.19},{"text":"Secretariat","start":935.19,"end":935.95},{"text":"for","start":935.95,"end":936.07},{"text":"their","start":936.07,"end":936.23},{"text":"steady","start":936.23,"end":936.71},{"text":"support","start":936.71,"end":937.35},{"text":"of","start":937.59,"end":937.75},{"text":"your","start":937.75,"end":937.99},{"text":"work.","start":937.99,"end":938.47}]},{"text":"It is an honor to present the Secretary-General's report on strengthening and coordinating United Nations rule of law activities.","start":939.11,"end":946.47,"topics":[{"key":"rule-of-law","label":"Rule of Law","description":"Speakers stressed the importance of strengthening the rule of law at both the national and international 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many rights, but also institutions for the rule of law.","start":947.11,"end":957.39,"topics":[{"key":"rule-of-law","label":"Rule of Law","description":"Speakers stressed the importance of strengthening the rule of law at both the national and international levels as a basis for rights protection, accountability, peaceful dispute settlement, and stable multilateral 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report provides an overview of the United Nations efforts to support member states in advancing the rule of law at both the national and international levels.","start":958.43,"end":967.87,"topics":[{"key":"rule-of-law","label":"Rule of Law","description":"Speakers stressed the importance of strengthening the rule of law at both the national and international levels as a basis for rights protection, accountability, peaceful dispute settlement, and stable multilateral 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the need to defend and strengthen the rule of law remains urgent.","start":968.27,"end":972.19,"topics":[{"key":"rule-of-law","label":"Rule of Law","description":"Speakers stressed the importance of strengthening the rule of law at both the national and international levels as a basis for rights protection, accountability, peaceful dispute settlement, and stable multilateral relations."}],"words":[{"text":"Today,","start":968.27,"end":968.83},{"text":"the","start":968.83,"end":968.95},{"text":"need","start":968.95,"end":969.19},{"text":"to","start":969.19,"end":969.31},{"text":"defend","start":969.31,"end":969.83},{"text":"and","start":969.83,"end":969.95},{"text":"strengthen","start":969.95,"end":970.51},{"text":"the","start":970.51,"end":970.59},{"text":"rule","start":970.59,"end":970.79},{"text":"of","start":970.79,"end":970.91},{"text":"law","start":970.91,"end":971.07},{"text":"remains","start":971.07,"end":971.63},{"text":"urgent.","start":971.63,"end":972.19}]},{"text":"Around the world, we see growing pressures on institutions, challenges to peaceful settlement of disputes, and violations of international law.","start":972.75,"end":980.99,"topics":[{"key":"rule-of-law","label":"Rule of Law","description":"Speakers stressed the importance of strengthening the rule of law at both the national and international levels as a basis for rights protection, accountability, peaceful dispute settlement, and stable multilateral 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for renewed commitment to cooperation and to the principles that underpin the international system.","start":981.55,"end":989.51,"topics":[{"key":"rule-of-law","label":"Rule of Law","description":"Speakers stressed the importance of strengthening the rule of law at both the national and international levels as a basis for rights protection, accountability, peaceful dispute settlement, and stable multilateral 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Deputy Secretary-General, I understand that you have other scheduled meetings this afternoon and will have to leave us, but we On behalf of the committee, I thank you for your statement and for your time spent with us, as well as for your 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always, I remind you of the time limits for statements, seven minutes for statements delivered in a national capacity and 12 minutes for statements by groups of 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first speaker on the list for this afternoon is the distinguished representative of Malaysia.","start":1313.79,"end":1320.19,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1313.79,"end":1313.95},{"text":"first","start":1313.95,"end":1314.27},{"text":"speaker","start":1314.27,"end":1314.91},{"text":"on","start":1315.23,"end":1315.39},{"text":"the","start":1315.39,"end":1315.51},{"text":"list","start":1315.51,"end":1315.83},{"text":"for","start":1315.83,"end":1316.03},{"text":"this","start":1316.03,"end":1316.35},{"text":"afternoon","start":1316.35,"end":1316.99},{"text":"is","start":1317.15,"end":1317.43},{"text":"the","start":1317.43,"end":1317.55},{"text":"distinguished","start":1317.55,"end":1318.35},{"text":"representative","start":1318.35,"end":1319.39},{"text":"of","start":1319.39,"end":1319.55},{"text":"Malaysia.","start":1319.55,"end":1320.19}]},{"text":"You have the floor.","start":1320.35,"end":1321.23,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"You","start":1320.35,"end":1320.55},{"text":"have","start":1320.55,"end":1320.79},{"text":"the","start":1320.79,"end":1320.91},{"text":"floor.","start":1320.91,"end":1321.23}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"6th Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair","affiliation_full":"6th Committee"}},{"statement_number":6,"start":1325.95,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c6/81/24?lang=en&t=22:06","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Madam Chair.","start":1325.95,"end":1327.07,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":1325.95,"end":1326.27},{"text":"you,","start":1326.27,"end":1326.35},{"text":"Madam","start":1326.35,"end":1326.67},{"text":"Chair.","start":1326.67,"end":1327.07}]},{"text":"My delegation recalls that this topic is included in the agenda of the current session pursuant to the General Assembly resolution 78/110, and notes that the International Law Commission adopted the draft articles back in 2014.","start":1327.75,"end":1343.11,"topics":[{"key":"expulsion-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the Expulsion Draft Articles","description":"States differed on whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on expulsion of aliens should become a binding convention, remain non-binding guidance, or continue to be examined through further dialogue and working 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the years, Malaysia has consistently provided substantive comments, raised pertinent concerns, and engaged in constructive discussion regarding the draft articles.","start":1343.59,"end":1353.51,"topics":[{"key":"expulsion-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the Expulsion Draft Articles","description":"States differed on whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on expulsion of aliens should become a binding convention, remain non-binding guidance, or continue to be examined through further dialogue and working 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considering the possible form of the draft articles and any other appropriate action, and taking into account the views expressed on their substance, this delegation reiterates the position conveyed during the 75th and 78th sessions of the General Assembly.","start":1353.99,"end":1370.07,"topics":[{"key":"expulsion-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the Expulsion Draft Articles","description":"States differed on whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on expulsion of aliens should become a binding convention, remain non-binding guidance, or continue to be examined through further dialogue and working 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remains of the view that States should retain considerable discretion to regulate, manage and, when necessary, expel aliens in accordance with their domestic laws and applicable international obligations, Malaysia continues to be concerned that certain provisions of the draft articles, in particular draft articles 3, 4 and 6, may unduly constrain the discretionary powers of states in administering the presence of foreigners within their territories.","start":1370.95,"end":1399.87,"topics":[{"key":"alien-expulsion","label":"Expulsion of Aliens","description":"Delegations debated states' authority to regulate the entry, stay, and removal of non-nationals, especially the relationship between expulsion powers, sovereignty, border control, national security, and public order."}],"words":[{"text":"Malaysia","start":1370.95,"end":1371.43},{"text":"remains","start":1371.43,"end":1371.99},{"text":"of","start":1371.99,"end":1372.15},{"text":"the","start":1372.15,"end":1372.23},{"text":"view","start":1372.23,"end":1372.55},{"text":"that","start":1372.55,"end":1372.71},{"text":"States","start":1372.71,"end":1373.27},{"text":"should","start":1373.27,"end":1373.55},{"text":"retain","start":1373.55,"end":1374.07},{"text":"considerable","start":1374.07,"end":1374.79},{"text":"discretion","start":1374.79,"end":1375.51},{"text":"to","start":1375.51,"end":1375.67},{"text":"regulate,","start":1375.67,"end":1376.23},{"text":"manage","start":1376.23,"end":1376.79},{"text":"and,","start":1376.79,"end":1377.11},{"text":"when","start":1377.15,"end":1377.39},{"text":"necessary,","start":1377.39,"end":1378.15},{"text":"expel","start":1378.39,"end":1378.95},{"text":"aliens","start":1378.95,"end":1379.39},{"text":"in","start":1379.39,"end":1379.51},{"text":"accordance","start":1379.51,"end":1380.11},{"text":"with","start":1380.11,"end":1380.27},{"text":"their","start":1380.27,"end":1380.39},{"text":"domestic","start":1380.39,"end":1380.87},{"text":"laws","start":1380.87,"end":1381.19},{"text":"and","start":1381.19,"end":1381.31},{"text":"applicable","start":1381.31,"end":1381.83},{"text":"international","start":1381.83,"end":1382.51},{"text":"obligations,","start":1382.51,"end":1383.35},{"text":"Malaysia","start":1383.71,"end":1384.27},{"text":"continues","start":1384.27,"end":1384.83},{"text":"to","start":1384.83,"end":1384.99},{"text":"be","start":1384.99,"end":1385.07},{"text":"concerned","start":1385.07,"end":1385.71},{"text":"that","start":1385.95,"end":1386.11},{"text":"certain","start":1386.11,"end":1386.59},{"text":"provisions","start":1386.59,"end":1387.23},{"text":"of","start":1387.23,"end":1387.31},{"text":"the","start":1387.31,"end":1387.43},{"text":"draft","start":1387.43,"end":1387.71},{"text":"articles,","start":1387.71,"end":1388.35},{"text":"in","start":1388.59,"end":1388.83},{"text":"particular","start":1388.83,"end":1389.55},{"text":"draft","start":1389.55,"end":1389.91},{"text":"articles","start":1389.91,"end":1390.43},{"text":"3,","start":1390.43,"end":1390.83},{"text":"4","start":1390.83,"end":1391.23},{"text":"and","start":1391.23,"end":1391.39},{"text":"6,","start":1391.39,"end":1391.87},{"text":"may","start":1392.19,"end":1392.51},{"text":"unduly","start":1392.51,"end":1393.07},{"text":"constrain","start":1393.07,"end":1393.79},{"text":"the","start":1393.79,"end":1393.87},{"text":"discretionary","start":1393.87,"end":1394.67},{"text":"powers","start":1394.67,"end":1395.15},{"text":"of","start":1395.15,"end":1395.23},{"text":"states","start":1395.23,"end":1395.71},{"text":"in","start":1396.11,"end":1396.27},{"text":"administering","start":1396.27,"end":1397.03},{"text":"the","start":1397.03,"end":1397.15},{"text":"presence","start":1397.15,"end":1397.71},{"text":"of","start":1397.71,"end":1397.79},{"text":"foreigners","start":1397.79,"end":1398.43},{"text":"within","start":1398.43,"end":1398.83},{"text":"their","start":1398.83,"end":1398.99},{"text":"territories.","start":1398.99,"end":1399.87}]},{"text":"Moreover, the draft articles incorporate principles drawn from international treaties to which some states, including Malaysia, are not parties to.","start":1400.83,"end":1410.51,"topics":[{"key":"expulsion-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the Expulsion Draft Articles","description":"States differed on whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on expulsion of aliens should become a binding convention, remain non-binding guidance, or continue to be examined through further dialogue and working methods."}],"words":[{"text":"Moreover,","start":1400.83,"end":1401.47},{"text":"the","start":1401.63,"end":1401.79},{"text":"draft","start":1401.79,"end":1402.07},{"text":"articles","start":1402.07,"end":1402.67},{"text":"incorporate","start":1402.67,"end":1403.47},{"text":"principles","start":1403.71,"end":1404.43},{"text":"drawn","start":1404.51,"end":1404.95},{"text":"from","start":1404.95,"end":1405.19},{"text":"international","start":1405.19,"end":1405.87},{"text":"treaties","start":1405.87,"end":1406.43},{"text":"to","start":1406.51,"end":1406.63},{"text":"which","start":1406.63,"end":1406.99},{"text":"some","start":1406.99,"end":1407.39},{"text":"states,","start":1407.39,"end":1407.87},{"text":"including","start":1407.95,"end":1408.51},{"text":"Malaysia,","start":1408.51,"end":1409.07},{"text":"are","start":1409.55,"end":1409.63},{"text":"not","start":1409.63,"end":1409.87},{"text":"parties","start":1409.87,"end":1410.27},{"text":"to.","start":1410.27,"end":1410.51}]},{"text":"In this regard, Malaysia considers that the inclusion of such principle in the draft articles should not be construed as imposing treaty-based obligations on non-State parties.","start":1411.03,"end":1421.35,"topics":[{"key":"expulsion-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the Expulsion Draft Articles","description":"States differed on whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on expulsion of aliens should become a binding convention, remain non-binding guidance, or continue to be examined through further dialogue and working methods."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":1411.03,"end":1411.27},{"text":"this","start":1411.27,"end":1411.43},{"text":"regard,","start":1411.43,"end":1411.99},{"text":"Malaysia","start":1412.15,"end":1412.59},{"text":"considers","start":1412.59,"end":1413.27},{"text":"that","start":1413.27,"end":1413.47},{"text":"the","start":1413.47,"end":1413.55},{"text":"inclusion","start":1413.55,"end":1414.15},{"text":"of","start":1414.15,"end":1414.23},{"text":"such","start":1414.23,"end":1414.55},{"text":"principle","start":1414.55,"end":1415.11},{"text":"in","start":1415.11,"end":1415.27},{"text":"the","start":1415.27,"end":1415.35},{"text":"draft","start":1415.35,"end":1415.67},{"text":"articles","start":1415.67,"end":1416.31},{"text":"should","start":1416.55,"end":1416.75},{"text":"not","start":1416.75,"end":1417.03},{"text":"be","start":1417.03,"end":1417.19},{"text":"construed","start":1417.19,"end":1417.75},{"text":"as","start":1417.75,"end":1417.99},{"text":"imposing","start":1417.99,"end":1418.55},{"text":"treaty-based","start":1418.55,"end":1419.31},{"text":"obligations","start":1419.31,"end":1420.07},{"text":"on","start":1420.07,"end":1420.27},{"text":"non-State","start":1420.27,"end":1420.79},{"text":"parties.","start":1420.79,"end":1421.35}]},{"text":"Madam Chair, Malaysia also remains concerned with draft article 23, which appears to extend protection against expulsion beyond refugees to aliens generally.","start":1421.99,"end":1433.11,"topics":[{"key":"non-refoulement","label":"Non-Refoulement","description":"Several delegations discussed the scope and legal status of non-refoulement, including whether people may be returned to places where they face persecution, torture, death, or other serious harm."},{"key":"migrant-protections","label":"Migrant Protections","description":"Many statements focused on safeguards in expulsion proceedings, including due process, humane treatment, access to appeals, consular assistance, family unity, and protection against arbitrary or collective expulsion."}],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":1421.99,"end":1422.31},{"text":"Chair,","start":1422.31,"end":1422.71},{"text":"Malaysia","start":1423.03,"end":1423.47},{"text":"also","start":1423.47,"end":1423.83},{"text":"remains","start":1423.83,"end":1424.31},{"text":"concerned","start":1424.31,"end":1424.99},{"text":"with","start":1425.03,"end":1425.19},{"text":"draft","start":1425.19,"end":1425.47},{"text":"article","start":1425.47,"end":1425.99},{"text":"23,","start":1425.99,"end":1426.55},{"text":"which","start":1426.67,"end":1427.03},{"text":"appears","start":1427.03,"end":1427.59},{"text":"to","start":1427.59,"end":1427.71},{"text":"extend","start":1427.71,"end":1428.31},{"text":"protection","start":1428.31,"end":1428.95},{"text":"against","start":1428.95,"end":1429.27},{"text":"expulsion","start":1429.27,"end":1429.99},{"text":"beyond","start":1430.15,"end":1430.63},{"text":"refugees","start":1430.63,"end":1431.35},{"text":"to","start":1431.51,"end":1431.63},{"text":"aliens","start":1431.67,"end":1432.31},{"text":"generally.","start":1432.31,"end":1433.11}]},{"text":"This includes the incorporation of protections related to non-refoulement.","start":1433.43,"end":1437.71,"topics":[{"key":"non-refoulement","label":"Non-Refoulement","description":"Several delegations discussed the scope and legal status of non-refoulement, including whether people may be returned to places where they face persecution, torture, death, or other serious harm."},{"key":"migrant-protections","label":"Migrant Protections","description":"Many statements focused on safeguards in expulsion proceedings, including due process, humane treatment, access to appeals, consular assistance, family unity, and protection against arbitrary or collective expulsion."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":1433.43,"end":1433.75},{"text":"includes","start":1433.75,"end":1434.23},{"text":"the","start":1434.23,"end":1434.35},{"text":"incorporation","start":1434.35,"end":1435.19},{"text":"of","start":1435.19,"end":1435.27},{"text":"protections","start":1435.27,"end":1435.99},{"text":"related","start":1435.99,"end":1436.47},{"text":"to","start":1436.47,"end":1436.71},{"text":"non-refoulement.","start":1436.71,"end":1437.71}]},{"text":"Malaysia considers that such expansion warrants careful consideration, particularly in light of the differing legal basis and obligations applicable to states.","start":1438.27,"end":1448.51,"topics":[{"key":"non-refoulement","label":"Non-Refoulement","description":"Several delegations discussed the scope and legal status of non-refoulement, including whether people may be returned to places where they face persecution, torture, death, or other serious 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well as the need to respect their domestic legal and policy frameworks.","start":1449.15,"end":1453.39,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"as","start":1449.15,"end":1449.39},{"text":"well","start":1449.39,"end":1449.59},{"text":"as","start":1449.59,"end":1449.71},{"text":"the","start":1449.71,"end":1449.87},{"text":"need","start":1449.87,"end":1450.07},{"text":"to","start":1450.07,"end":1450.23},{"text":"respect","start":1450.23,"end":1450.75},{"text":"their","start":1450.75,"end":1450.99},{"text":"domestic","start":1450.99,"end":1451.55},{"text":"legal","start":1451.55,"end":1451.99},{"text":"and","start":1451.99,"end":1452.19},{"text":"policy","start":1452.19,"end":1452.67},{"text":"frameworks.","start":1452.67,"end":1453.39}]},{"text":"Furthermore, Malaysia notes that ongoing debate regarding the status and scope of the principle of non-refoulement under international law, specifically whether it has attained the status of customary international law or jus cogens.","start":1453.79,"end":1467.47,"topics":[{"key":"non-refoulement","label":"Non-Refoulement","description":"Several delegations discussed the scope and legal status of non-refoulement, including whether people may be returned to places where they face persecution, torture, death, or other serious 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this respect, Malaysia maintains that the customary status of non-refoulement remains subject to legal debate, given the absence of uniform state practice and consensus concerning its precise scope legal character.","start":1467.79,"end":1479.95,"topics":[{"key":"non-refoulement","label":"Non-Refoulement","description":"Several delegations discussed the scope and legal status of non-refoulement, including whether people may be returned to places where they face persecution, torture, death, or other serious 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Chair, Malaysia also wishes to emphasize that the draft articles should fully respect state sovereignty, territorial integrity, national security, and public order, while duly taking into account the diversity of domestic legal systems and established state practice.","start":1480.99,"end":1498.11,"topics":[{"key":"alien-expulsion","label":"Expulsion of Aliens","description":"Delegations debated states' authority to regulate the entry, stay, and removal of non-nationals, especially the relationship between expulsion powers, sovereignty, border control, national security, and public order."}],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":1480.99,"end":1481.39},{"text":"Chair,","start":1481.39,"end":1481.63},{"text":"Malaysia","start":1481.95,"end":1482.31},{"text":"also","start":1482.31,"end":1482.67},{"text":"wishes","start":1482.67,"end":1483.15},{"text":"to","start":1483.15,"end":1483.27},{"text":"emphasize","start":1483.27,"end":1483.91},{"text":"that","start":1483.91,"end":1484.07},{"text":"the","start":1484.07,"end":1484.15},{"text":"draft","start":1484.15,"end":1484.51},{"text":"articles","start":1484.51,"end":1485.07},{"text":"should","start":1485.07,"end":1485.39},{"text":"fully","start":1485.39,"end":1485.95},{"text":"respect","start":1485.95,"end":1486.43},{"text":"state","start":1486.43,"end":1486.75},{"text":"sovereignty,","start":1486.75,"end":1487.71},{"text":"territorial","start":1487.95,"end":1488.71},{"text":"integrity,","start":1488.71,"end":1489.55},{"text":"national","start":1489.63,"end":1490.19},{"text":"security,","start":1490.19,"end":1490.91},{"text":"and","start":1490.91,"end":1491.07},{"text":"public","start":1491.07,"end":1491.43},{"text":"order,","start":1491.43,"end":1491.87},{"text":"while","start":1492.11,"end":1492.43},{"text":"duly","start":1492.43,"end":1492.91},{"text":"taking","start":1492.91,"end":1493.23},{"text":"into","start":1493.23,"end":1493.51},{"text":"account","start":1493.51,"end":1493.91},{"text":"the","start":1493.91,"end":1493.99},{"text":"diversity","start":1493.99,"end":1494.75},{"text":"of","start":1494.75,"end":1494.99},{"text":"domestic","start":1494.99,"end":1495.47},{"text":"legal","start":1495.47,"end":1495.71},{"text":"systems","start":1495.71,"end":1496.43},{"text":"and","start":1496.43,"end":1496.63},{"text":"established","start":1496.63,"end":1497.19},{"text":"state","start":1497.19,"end":1497.47},{"text":"practice.","start":1497.47,"end":1498.11}]},{"text":"In view of the foregoing, Malaysia is of the view that these draft articles should not take the form of a legally binding framework, such as international convention.","start":1498.67,"end":1508.27,"topics":[{"key":"expulsion-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the Expulsion Draft Articles","description":"States differed on whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on expulsion of aliens should become a binding convention, remain non-binding guidance, or continue to be examined through further dialogue and working 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instead considers that the draft articles should serve as guiding principles for States.","start":1508.83,"end":1514.19,"topics":[{"key":"expulsion-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the Expulsion Draft Articles","description":"States differed on whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on expulsion of aliens should become a binding convention, remain non-binding guidance, or continue to be examined through further dialogue and working 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you.","start":1514.51,"end":1515.51,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"With","start":1514.51,"end":1514.71},{"text":"that,","start":1514.71,"end":1514.91},{"text":"I","start":1514.91,"end":1515.07},{"text":"thank","start":1515.07,"end":1515.39},{"text":"you.","start":1515.39,"end":1515.51}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"MYS","group":null,"function":null,"affiliation_full":"Malaysia"}},{"statement_number":7,"start":1516.67,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c6/81/24?lang=en&t=25:17","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank the distinguished representative of Malaysia for her statement, and I give the floor to the distinguished representative of the United States of America.","start":1516.67,"end":1524.39,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":1516.67,"end":1516.99},{"text":"the","start":1516.99,"end":1517.11},{"text":"distinguished","start":1517.11,"end":1517.79},{"text":"representative","start":1517.79,"end":1518.67},{"text":"of","start":1518.67,"end":1518.91},{"text":"Malaysia","start":1518.91,"end":1519.47},{"text":"for","start":1519.47,"end":1519.71},{"text":"her","start":1519.71,"end":1519.87},{"text":"statement,","start":1519.87,"end":1520.47},{"text":"and","start":1520.47,"end":1520.59},{"text":"I","start":1520.59,"end":1520.67},{"text":"give","start":1520.67,"end":1520.91},{"text":"the","start":1520.91,"end":1520.99},{"text":"floor","start":1520.99,"end":1521.31},{"text":"to","start":1521.31,"end":1521.39},{"text":"the","start":1521.39,"end":1521.51},{"text":"distinguished","start":1521.51,"end":1522.07},{"text":"representative","start":1522.07,"end":1522.83},{"text":"of","start":1522.83,"end":1522.91},{"text":"the","start":1522.91,"end":1522.99},{"text":"United","start":1522.99,"end":1523.47},{"text":"States","start":1523.47,"end":1523.83},{"text":"of","start":1523.83,"end":1523.95},{"text":"America.","start":1523.95,"end":1524.39}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"6th Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair","affiliation_full":"6th Committee"}},{"statement_number":8,"start":1526.55,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c6/81/24?lang=en&t=25:27","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Madam Chair. The Committee has undertaken at this session to reexamine the issue of the Commission's draft articles on the expulsion of aliens.","start":1526.55,"end":1535.87,"topics":[{"key":"alien-expulsion","label":"Expulsion of Aliens","description":"Delegations debated states' authority to regulate the entry, stay, and removal of non-nationals, especially the relationship between expulsion powers, sovereignty, border control, national security, and public order."}],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":1526.55,"end":1526.75},{"text":"you,","start":1526.75,"end":1526.83},{"text":"Madam","start":1526.83,"end":1527.19},{"text":"Chair.","start":1527.19,"end":1527.47},{"text":"The","start":1528.51,"end":1528.67},{"text":"Committee","start":1528.67,"end":1529.07},{"text":"has","start":1529.07,"end":1529.23},{"text":"undertaken","start":1529.23,"end":1529.87},{"text":"at","start":1529.87,"end":1529.95},{"text":"this","start":1529.95,"end":1530.23},{"text":"session","start":1530.23,"end":1530.67},{"text":"to","start":1530.67,"end":1530.83},{"text":"reexamine","start":1530.83,"end":1531.63},{"text":"the","start":1531.63,"end":1531.75},{"text":"issue","start":1531.75,"end":1532.27},{"text":"of","start":1532.31,"end":1532.43},{"text":"the","start":1532.43,"end":1532.59},{"text":"Commission's","start":1532.59,"end":1533.11},{"text":"draft","start":1533.11,"end":1533.47},{"text":"articles","start":1533.47,"end":1534.11},{"text":"on","start":1534.11,"end":1534.35},{"text":"the","start":1534.35,"end":1534.43},{"text":"expulsion","start":1534.43,"end":1535.11},{"text":"of","start":1535.11,"end":1535.23},{"text":"aliens.","start":1535.23,"end":1535.87}]},{"text":"The United States continues to believe it is unnecessary to pursue a legally binding instrument on the expulsion of aliens and will not support disrupting the existing legal framework on one of the most fundamental issues a nation faces who may remain within its borders.","start":1536.71,"end":1553.15,"topics":[{"key":"expulsion-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the Expulsion Draft Articles","description":"States differed on whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on expulsion of aliens should become a binding convention, remain non-binding guidance, or continue to be examined through further dialogue and working methods."},{"key":"alien-expulsion","label":"Expulsion of Aliens","description":"Delegations debated states' authority to regulate the entry, stay, and removal of non-nationals, especially the relationship between expulsion powers, sovereignty, border control, national security, and public 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the United States has previously expressed, it is unclear what benefits will be obtained by pursuing the elaboration of a convention based on the draft articles when there are well-settled rules of law that exist in broadly ratified conventions on human rights and refugee matters, which already provide the legal framework that the draft articles seek to address.","start":1553.99,"end":1577.59,"topics":[{"key":"expulsion-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the Expulsion Draft Articles","description":"States differed on whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on expulsion of aliens should become a binding convention, remain non-binding guidance, or continue to be examined through further dialogue and working 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aspects of the draft articles could create confusion by combining elements from existing rules with elements that reflect proposals for progressive development of the law in the same provision.","start":1578.35,"end":1591.07,"topics":[{"key":"expulsion-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the Expulsion Draft Articles","description":"States differed on whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on expulsion of aliens should become a binding convention, remain non-binding guidance, or continue to be examined through further dialogue and working 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United States is concerned that such confusion could impede the enforcement of immigration law.","start":1591.55,"end":1597.55,"topics":[{"key":"alien-expulsion","label":"Expulsion of Aliens","description":"Delegations debated states' authority to regulate the entry, stay, and removal of non-nationals, especially the relationship between expulsion powers, sovereignty, border control, national security, and public 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Aliens","description":"Delegations debated states' authority to regulate the entry, stay, and removal of non-nationals, especially the relationship between expulsion powers, sovereignty, border control, national security, and public 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we believe it is inappropriate to pursue the elaboration of a convention based on the draft articles, and the United States proposes that the Committee remove this topic from the provisional agenda for future sessions, consistent with ongoing efforts to strengthen and improve the working methods of the Committee and streamline the Committee's agenda.","start":1607.19,"end":1627.91,"topics":[{"key":"expulsion-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the Expulsion Draft Articles","description":"States differed on whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on expulsion of aliens should become a binding convention, remain non-binding guidance, or continue to be examined through further dialogue and working 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thank you.","start":1628.15,"end":1628.63,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":1628.15,"end":1628.23},{"text":"thank","start":1628.23,"end":1628.55},{"text":"you.","start":1628.55,"end":1628.63}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"USA","group":null,"function":null,"affiliation_full":"United States of America"}},{"statement_number":9,"start":1631.07,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c6/81/24?lang=en&t=27:12","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of the United States of America, and I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Israel.","start":1631.07,"end":1637.55,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":1631.07,"end":1631.08},{"text":"thank","start":1631.07,"end":1631.39},{"text":"the","start":1631.39,"end":1631.47},{"text":"distinguished","start":1631.47,"end":1632.03},{"text":"representative","start":1632.03,"end":1632.91},{"text":"of","start":1632.91,"end":1632.99},{"text":"the","start":1632.99,"end":1633.11},{"text":"United","start":1633.11,"end":1633.63},{"text":"States","start":1633.63,"end":1633.95},{"text":"of","start":1633.99,"end":1634.07},{"text":"America,","start":1634.07,"end":1634.47},{"text":"and","start":1634.47,"end":1634.59},{"text":"I","start":1634.59,"end":1634.67},{"text":"give","start":1634.67,"end":1634.91},{"text":"the","start":1634.91,"end":1634.99},{"text":"floor","start":1634.99,"end":1635.31},{"text":"to","start":1635.31,"end":1635.43},{"text":"the","start":1635.43,"end":1635.51},{"text":"distinguished","start":1635.51,"end":1636.11},{"text":"representative","start":1636.11,"end":1636.83},{"text":"of","start":1636.87,"end":1636.99},{"text":"Israel.","start":1636.99,"end":1637.55}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"6th Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair","affiliation_full":"6th Committee"}},{"statement_number":10,"start":1641.63,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c6/81/24?lang=en&t=27:22","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Madam Chair.","start":1641.63,"end":1642.51,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":1641.63,"end":1641.87},{"text":"you,","start":1641.87,"end":1641.95},{"text":"Madam","start":1641.95,"end":1642.19},{"text":"Chair.","start":1642.19,"end":1642.51}]},{"text":"Israel expresses its appreciation to the International Law Commission for its work on the draft articles on the expulsion of aliens and welcomes the opportunity to address this agenda item.","start":1643.15,"end":1652.91,"topics":[{"key":"expulsion-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the Expulsion Draft Articles","description":"States differed on whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on expulsion of aliens should become a binding convention, remain non-binding guidance, or continue to be examined through further dialogue and working methods."}],"words":[{"text":"Israel","start":1643.15,"end":1643.43},{"text":"expresses","start":1643.43,"end":1643.91},{"text":"its","start":1643.91,"end":1644.03},{"text":"appreciation","start":1644.03,"end":1644.91},{"text":"to","start":1644.91,"end":1645.03},{"text":"the","start":1645.03,"end":1645.11},{"text":"International","start":1645.11,"end":1645.67},{"text":"Law","start":1645.67,"end":1645.79},{"text":"Commission","start":1645.79,"end":1646.35},{"text":"for","start":1646.35,"end":1646.47},{"text":"its","start":1646.47,"end":1646.63},{"text":"work","start":1646.63,"end":1646.91},{"text":"on","start":1646.91,"end":1647.07},{"text":"the","start":1647.07,"end":1647.15},{"text":"draft","start":1647.15,"end":1647.47},{"text":"articles","start":1647.47,"end":1648.11},{"text":"on","start":1648.35,"end":1648.43},{"text":"the","start":1648.43,"end":1648.51},{"text":"expulsion","start":1648.51,"end":1649.11},{"text":"of","start":1649.11,"end":1649.23},{"text":"aliens","start":1649.23,"end":1649.87},{"text":"and","start":1650.03,"end":1650.15},{"text":"welcomes","start":1650.15,"end":1650.59},{"text":"the","start":1650.59,"end":1650.67},{"text":"opportunity","start":1650.67,"end":1651.31},{"text":"to","start":1651.31,"end":1651.47},{"text":"address","start":1651.47,"end":1651.79},{"text":"this","start":1651.79,"end":1651.95},{"text":"agenda","start":1651.95,"end":1652.39},{"text":"item.","start":1652.43,"end":1652.91}]},{"text":"As Israel has noted in previous sessions, The explosion of aliens touches upon the core of state sovereignty, specifically the prerogative of each state to control admission, regulate migration, secure its borders and maintain public order.","start":1653.79,"end":1668.11,"topics":[{"key":"alien-expulsion","label":"Expulsion of Aliens","description":"Delegations debated states' authority to regulate the entry, stay, and removal of non-nationals, especially the relationship between expulsion powers, sovereignty, border control, national security, and public 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the same time, this sensitive matter requires a careful balance between sovereign prerogatives and the protection of fundamental human rights.","start":1669.15,"end":1676.99,"topics":[{"key":"alien-expulsion","label":"Expulsion of Aliens","description":"Delegations debated states' authority to regulate the entry, stay, and removal of non-nationals, especially the relationship between expulsion powers, sovereignty, border control, national security, and public order."},{"key":"migrant-protections","label":"Migrant Protections","description":"Many statements focused on safeguards in expulsion proceedings, including due process, humane treatment, access to appeals, consular assistance, family unity, and protection against arbitrary or collective 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the complex context-specific nature of modern migration flows, national practices and legal frameworks vary widely from one state to another.","start":1678.95,"end":1687.23,"topics":[{"key":"alien-expulsion","label":"Expulsion of Aliens","description":"Delegations debated states' authority to regulate the entry, stay, and removal of non-nationals, especially the relationship between expulsion powers, sovereignty, border control, national security, and public order."}],"words":[{"text":"Given","start":1678.95,"end":1679.11},{"text":"the","start":1679.11,"end":1679.19},{"text":"complex","start":1679.19,"end":1679.55},{"text":"context-specific","start":1679.55,"end":1680.59},{"text":"nature","start":1680.59,"end":1680.95},{"text":"of","start":1680.95,"end":1681.07},{"text":"modern","start":1681.07,"end":1681.39},{"text":"migration","start":1681.39,"end":1681.95},{"text":"flows,","start":1681.95,"end":1682.35},{"text":"national","start":1682.67,"end":1683.07},{"text":"practices","start":1683.07,"end":1683.63},{"text":"and","start":1683.63,"end":1683.75},{"text":"legal","start":1683.75,"end":1684.03},{"text":"frameworks","start":1684.03,"end":1684.59},{"text":"vary","start":1684.91,"end":1685.23},{"text":"widely","start":1685.23,"end":1685.87},{"text":"from","start":1685.87,"end":1686.11},{"text":"one","start":1686.11,"end":1686.27},{"text":"state","start":1686.27,"end":1686.63},{"text":"to","start":1686.63,"end":1686.71},{"text":"another.","start":1686.71,"end":1687.23}]},{"text":"Without international consensus around uniform norms and practices, it is inappropriate to establish a binding universal regulatory regime.","start":1687.79,"end":1696.91,"topics":[{"key":"expulsion-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the Expulsion Draft Articles","description":"States differed on whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on expulsion of aliens should become a binding convention, remain non-binding guidance, or continue to be examined through further dialogue and working methods."}],"words":[{"text":"Without","start":1687.79,"end":1688.23},{"text":"international","start":1688.23,"end":1688.83},{"text":"consensus","start":1688.83,"end":1689.47},{"text":"around","start":1689.47,"end":1689.95},{"text":"uniform","start":1690.19,"end":1690.83},{"text":"norms","start":1690.83,"end":1691.31},{"text":"and","start":1691.31,"end":1691.47},{"text":"practices,","start":1691.47,"end":1692.19},{"text":"it","start":1692.35,"end":1692.59},{"text":"is","start":1692.59,"end":1692.75},{"text":"inappropriate","start":1692.75,"end":1693.51},{"text":"to","start":1693.51,"end":1693.59},{"text":"establish","start":1693.59,"end":1694.35},{"text":"a","start":1694.67,"end":1694.75},{"text":"binding","start":1694.75,"end":1695.15},{"text":"universal","start":1695.15,"end":1695.75},{"text":"regulatory","start":1695.75,"end":1696.35},{"text":"regime.","start":1696.35,"end":1696.91}]},{"text":"Madam Chair, Regarding the question of the possible form of the draft articles, Israel maintains that they should not serve as basis for negotiating an international convention.","start":1697.95,"end":1709.87,"topics":[{"key":"expulsion-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the Expulsion Draft Articles","description":"States differed on whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on expulsion of aliens should become a binding convention, remain non-binding guidance, or continue to be examined through further dialogue and working methods."}],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":1697.95,"end":1698.27},{"text":"Chair,","start":1698.27,"end":1698.75},{"text":"Regarding","start":1700.15,"end":1700.51},{"text":"the","start":1700.51,"end":1700.63},{"text":"question","start":1700.63,"end":1701.23},{"text":"of","start":1701.31,"end":1701.71},{"text":"the","start":1701.95,"end":1702.11},{"text":"possible","start":1702.11,"end":1702.67},{"text":"form","start":1702.67,"end":1703.07},{"text":"of","start":1703.07,"end":1703.15},{"text":"the","start":1703.15,"end":1703.27},{"text":"draft","start":1703.27,"end":1703.55},{"text":"articles,","start":1703.55,"end":1704.19},{"text":"Israel","start":1704.43,"end":1704.79},{"text":"maintains","start":1704.79,"end":1705.39},{"text":"that","start":1705.39,"end":1705.59},{"text":"they","start":1705.59,"end":1705.71},{"text":"should","start":1705.71,"end":1706.03},{"text":"not","start":1706.03,"end":1706.27},{"text":"serve","start":1706.27,"end":1706.75},{"text":"as","start":1706.83,"end":1707.07},{"text":"basis","start":1707.07,"end":1707.55},{"text":"for","start":1707.55,"end":1707.71},{"text":"negotiating","start":1707.71,"end":1708.47},{"text":"an","start":1708.47,"end":1708.55},{"text":"international","start":1708.55,"end":1709.15},{"text":"convention.","start":1709.15,"end":1709.87}]},{"text":"Our position is based on the following key considerations.","start":1710.67,"end":1713.55,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Our","start":1710.67,"end":1710.79},{"text":"position","start":1710.79,"end":1711.19},{"text":"is","start":1711.19,"end":1711.31},{"text":"based","start":1711.31,"end":1711.67},{"text":"on","start":1711.67,"end":1711.79},{"text":"the","start":1711.79,"end":1711.87},{"text":"following","start":1711.87,"end":1712.27},{"text":"key","start":1712.27,"end":1712.51},{"text":"considerations.","start":1712.51,"end":1713.55}]},{"text":"Firstly, there is an overlap between the draft articles and existing multilateral frameworks.","start":1714.27,"end":1720.27,"topics":[{"key":"expulsion-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the Expulsion Draft Articles","description":"States differed on whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on expulsion of aliens should become a binding convention, remain non-binding guidance, or continue to be examined through further dialogue and working methods."}],"words":[{"text":"Firstly,","start":1714.27,"end":1714.99},{"text":"there","start":1715.71,"end":1715.87},{"text":"is","start":1715.87,"end":1716.03},{"text":"an","start":1716.11,"end":1716.19},{"text":"overlap","start":1716.19,"end":1716.63},{"text":"between","start":1716.63,"end":1716.99},{"text":"the","start":1716.99,"end":1717.11},{"text":"draft","start":1717.11,"end":1717.47},{"text":"articles","start":1717.47,"end":1718.19},{"text":"and","start":1718.19,"end":1718.31},{"text":"existing","start":1718.31,"end":1718.83},{"text":"multilateral","start":1718.91,"end":1719.59},{"text":"frameworks.","start":1719.59,"end":1720.27}]},{"text":"Core protections of the rights of aliens, including non-refoulement obligations, are already addressed within existing instruments, notably the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, the Convention against Torture and other cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment, as well as other international human rights treaties.","start":1720.91,"end":1741.59,"topics":[{"key":"non-refoulement","label":"Non-Refoulement","description":"Several delegations discussed the scope and legal status of non-refoulement, including whether people may be returned to places where they face persecution, torture, death, or other serious harm."},{"key":"migrant-protections","label":"Migrant Protections","description":"Many statements focused on safeguards in expulsion proceedings, including due process, humane treatment, access to appeals, consular assistance, family unity, and protection against arbitrary or collective expulsion."}],"words":[{"text":"Core","start":1720.91,"end":1721.07},{"text":"protections","start":1721.07,"end":1721.79},{"text":"of","start":1721.87,"end":1721.99},{"text":"the","start":1721.99,"end":1722.07},{"text":"rights","start":1722.07,"end":1722.43},{"text":"of","start":1722.43,"end":1722.59},{"text":"aliens,","start":1722.59,"end":1723.07},{"text":"including","start":1723.07,"end":1723.59},{"text":"non-refoulement","start":1723.59,"end":1724.47},{"text":"obligations,","start":1724.47,"end":1725.23},{"text":"are","start":1725.47,"end":1725.55},{"text":"already","start":1725.55,"end":1725.95},{"text":"addressed","start":1725.95,"end":1726.59},{"text":"within","start":1726.59,"end":1726.87},{"text":"existing","start":1726.87,"end":1727.47},{"text":"instruments,","start":1727.47,"end":1728.11},{"text":"notably","start":1728.51,"end":1728.79},{"text":"the","start":1728.79,"end":1728.91},{"text":"1951","start":1728.91,"end":1729.71},{"text":"Convention","start":1729.71,"end":1730.31},{"text":"relating","start":1730.31,"end":1730.79},{"text":"to","start":1730.79,"end":1730.87},{"text":"the","start":1730.87,"end":1730.95},{"text":"Status","start":1730.95,"end":1731.43},{"text":"of","start":1731.43,"end":1731.51},{"text":"Refugees,","start":1731.51,"end":1732.23},{"text":"the","start":1732.63,"end":1732.75},{"text":"Convention","start":1732.75,"end":1733.31},{"text":"against","start":1733.31,"end":1733.71},{"text":"Torture","start":1733.71,"end":1734.07},{"text":"and","start":1734.07,"end":1734.35},{"text":"other","start":1734.35,"end":1734.55},{"text":"cruel,","start":1734.55,"end":1734.87},{"text":"inhuman,","start":1734.87,"end":1735.43},{"text":"or","start":1735.67,"end":1735.79},{"text":"degrading","start":1735.79,"end":1736.39},{"text":"treatment","start":1736.87,"end":1737.91},{"text":"or","start":1738.07,"end":1738.23},{"text":"punishment,","start":1738.23,"end":1738.87},{"text":"as","start":1739.03,"end":1739.23},{"text":"well","start":1739.23,"end":1739.35},{"text":"as","start":1739.35,"end":1739.51},{"text":"other","start":1739.51,"end":1739.75},{"text":"international","start":1739.75,"end":1740.35},{"text":"human","start":1740.35,"end":1740.63},{"text":"rights","start":1740.63,"end":1740.95},{"text":"treaties.","start":1740.95,"end":1741.59}]},{"text":"Negotiating a separate convention in this field is unnecessary, risks redundancy, and may create fragmentation or conflicting interpretation across established legal instruments.","start":1742.79,"end":1754.15,"topics":[{"key":"expulsion-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the Expulsion Draft Articles","description":"States differed on whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on expulsion of aliens should become a binding convention, remain non-binding guidance, or continue to be examined through further dialogue and working methods."}],"words":[{"text":"Negotiating","start":1742.79,"end":1743.51},{"text":"a","start":1743.51,"end":1743.59},{"text":"separate","start":1743.59,"end":1744.15},{"text":"convention","start":1744.15,"end":1744.79},{"text":"in","start":1744.79,"end":1744.95},{"text":"this","start":1744.95,"end":1745.19},{"text":"field","start":1745.19,"end":1745.51},{"text":"is","start":1745.67,"end":1745.87},{"text":"unnecessary,","start":1745.87,"end":1746.71},{"text":"risks","start":1747.03,"end":1747.43},{"text":"redundancy,","start":1747.43,"end":1748.31},{"text":"and","start":1748.47,"end":1748.63},{"text":"may","start":1748.63,"end":1748.79},{"text":"create","start":1748.79,"end":1749.27},{"text":"fragmentation","start":1749.27,"end":1750.23},{"text":"or","start":1750.39,"end":1750.51},{"text":"conflicting","start":1750.51,"end":1751.27},{"text":"interpretation","start":1751.27,"end":1752.11},{"text":"across","start":1752.11,"end":1752.55},{"text":"established","start":1752.55,"end":1753.11},{"text":"legal","start":1753.11,"end":1753.35},{"text":"instruments.","start":1753.35,"end":1754.15}]},{"text":"Furthermore, there is glaring lack of consensus on the text of the draft articles.","start":1754.95,"end":1761.51,"topics":[{"key":"expulsion-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the Expulsion Draft Articles","description":"States differed on whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on expulsion of aliens should become a binding convention, remain non-binding guidance, or continue to be examined through further dialogue and working methods."}],"words":[{"text":"Furthermore,","start":1754.95,"end":1755.67},{"text":"there","start":1755.91,"end":1756.11},{"text":"is","start":1756.11,"end":1756.31},{"text":"glaring","start":1756.63,"end":1757.27},{"text":"lack","start":1757.83,"end":1758.23},{"text":"of","start":1758.71,"end":1758.83},{"text":"consensus","start":1758.83,"end":1759.43},{"text":"on","start":1759.43,"end":1759.55},{"text":"the","start":1759.55,"end":1759.67},{"text":"text","start":1759.67,"end":1760.15},{"text":"of","start":1760.23,"end":1760.39},{"text":"the","start":1760.39,"end":1760.47},{"text":"draft","start":1760.47,"end":1760.79},{"text":"articles.","start":1760.79,"end":1761.51}]},{"text":"While the article partly rely on existing international instruments, key elements reflect controversial progressive development rather than customary international law or established state practice.","start":1763.03,"end":1774.39,"topics":[{"key":"expulsion-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the Expulsion Draft Articles","description":"States differed on whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on expulsion of aliens should become a binding convention, remain non-binding guidance, or continue to be examined through further dialogue and working methods."}],"words":[{"text":"While","start":1763.03,"end":1763.27},{"text":"the","start":1763.27,"end":1763.35},{"text":"article","start":1763.35,"end":1763.83},{"text":"partly","start":1763.83,"end":1764.39},{"text":"rely","start":1764.39,"end":1764.79},{"text":"on","start":1764.79,"end":1764.87},{"text":"existing","start":1764.87,"end":1765.39},{"text":"international","start":1765.39,"end":1765.99},{"text":"instruments,","start":1765.99,"end":1766.63},{"text":"key","start":1766.87,"end":1767.07},{"text":"elements","start":1767.07,"end":1767.51},{"text":"reflect","start":1767.51,"end":1767.95},{"text":"controversial","start":1767.95,"end":1768.63},{"text":"progressive","start":1768.63,"end":1769.51},{"text":"development","start":1769.51,"end":1770.23},{"text":"rather","start":1770.63,"end":1770.99},{"text":"than","start":1770.99,"end":1771.27},{"text":"customary","start":1771.27,"end":1771.87},{"text":"international","start":1771.87,"end":1772.51},{"text":"law","start":1772.51,"end":1772.59},{"text":"or","start":1772.59,"end":1772.95},{"text":"established","start":1772.95,"end":1773.43},{"text":"state","start":1773.43,"end":1773.67},{"text":"practice.","start":1773.67,"end":1774.39}]},{"text":"The discussions during the 78th session of the CIS Committee revealed notable convers- controversies with regarding to many aspects, controversies with regarding to many aspects of the draft articles.","start":1775.39,"end":1787.63,"topics":[{"key":"expulsion-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the Expulsion Draft Articles","description":"States differed on whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on expulsion of aliens should become a binding convention, remain non-binding guidance, or continue to be examined through further dialogue and working 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those discussions, a significant number of member states expressed strong reservations regarding both the mythology and the substantive provisions of the text and pointed out the draft articles do not reflect customary international law or international consensus.","start":1789.03,"end":1805.43,"topics":[{"key":"expulsion-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the Expulsion Draft Articles","description":"States differed on whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on expulsion of aliens should become a binding convention, remain non-binding guidance, or continue to be examined through further dialogue and working methods."}],"words":[{"text":"During","start":1789.03,"end":1789.19},{"text":"those","start":1789.19,"end":1789.39},{"text":"discussions,","start":1789.39,"end":1790.15},{"text":"a","start":1790.15,"end":1790.19},{"text":"significant","start":1790.19,"end":1790.87},{"text":"number","start":1790.87,"end":1791.15},{"text":"of","start":1791.15,"end":1791.27},{"text":"member","start":1791.27,"end":1791.51},{"text":"states","start":1791.51,"end":1791.83},{"text":"expressed","start":1791.83,"end":1792.59},{"text":"strong","start":1792.59,"end":1793.03},{"text":"reservations","start":1793.27,"end":1794.23},{"text":"regarding","start":1794.39,"end":1794.83},{"text":"both","start":1794.83,"end":1795.19},{"text":"the","start":1795.19,"end":1795.39},{"text":"mythology","start":1795.39,"end":1796.15},{"text":"and","start":1796.31,"end":1796.47},{"text":"the","start":1796.47,"end":1796.55},{"text":"substantive","start":1796.55,"end":1797.27},{"text":"provisions","start":1797.27,"end":1798.15},{"text":"of","start":1798.19,"end":1798.31},{"text":"the","start":1798.31,"end":1798.39},{"text":"text","start":1798.39,"end":1798.79},{"text":"and","start":1799.03,"end":1799.19},{"text":"pointed","start":1799.19,"end":1799.59},{"text":"out","start":1799.67,"end":1799.91},{"text":"the","start":1800.07,"end":1800.19},{"text":"draft","start":1800.19,"end":1800.55},{"text":"articles","start":1800.55,"end":1801.11},{"text":"do","start":1801.11,"end":1801.19},{"text":"not","start":1801.19,"end":1801.43},{"text":"reflect","start":1801.43,"end":1801.91},{"text":"customary","start":1801.91,"end":1802.43},{"text":"international","start":1802.43,"end":1803.23},{"text":"law","start":1803.23,"end":1803.31},{"text":"or","start":1803.43,"end":1803.63},{"text":"international","start":1803.63,"end":1804.39},{"text":"consensus.","start":1804.47,"end":1805.43}]},{"text":"Israel notes again that the state practice in this sensitive area is heavily shaped by local and regional security dynamics as well as national interest and is typically very context specific.","start":1806.63,"end":1819.95,"topics":[{"key":"alien-expulsion","label":"Expulsion of Aliens","description":"Delegations debated states' authority to regulate the entry, stay, and removal of non-nationals, especially the relationship between expulsion powers, sovereignty, border control, national security, and public 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we believe that the attempt to infer universally binding standards from diverse practices of states on this sensitive topic is still inappropriate and premature without the necessary consensus to regulate it in the form of universally binding treaty.","start":1820.83,"end":1839.23,"topics":[{"key":"expulsion-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the Expulsion Draft Articles","description":"States differed on whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on expulsion of aliens should become a binding convention, remain non-binding guidance, or continue to be examined through further dialogue and working 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Chair.","start":1839.95,"end":1840.75,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":1839.95,"end":1840.35},{"text":"Chair.","start":1840.35,"end":1840.75}]},{"text":"For this reason, ISOO does not support initiating work towards convention on the basis of the draft articles.","start":1842.23,"end":1849.43,"topics":[{"key":"expulsion-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the Expulsion Draft Articles","description":"States differed on whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on expulsion of aliens should become a binding convention, remain non-binding guidance, or continue to be examined through further dialogue and working 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guidelines which states may consult at their discretion in line with their domestic laws and international obligations.","start":1850.15,"end":1865.51,"topics":[{"key":"expulsion-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the Expulsion Draft Articles","description":"States differed on whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on expulsion of aliens should become a binding convention, remain non-binding guidance, or continue to be examined through further dialogue and working 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you, Madam Chair.","start":1865.91,"end":1866.87,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":1865.91,"end":1866.15},{"text":"you,","start":1866.15,"end":1866.23},{"text":"Madam","start":1866.23,"end":1866.55},{"text":"Chair.","start":1866.55,"end":1866.87}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"ISR","group":null,"function":null,"affiliation_full":"Israel"}},{"statement_number":11,"start":1868.19,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c6/81/24?lang=en&t=31:09","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of Israel for his statement, and I give the floor to the distinguished representative of El 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States.","start":1880.75,"end":1905.83,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"El","start":1880.75,"end":1880.91},{"text":"Salvador","start":1880.91,"end":1881.63},{"text":"has","start":1881.63,"end":1882.11},{"text":"consistently","start":1882.11,"end":1883.23},{"text":"reiterated","start":1883.23,"end":1884.11},{"text":"the","start":1884.11,"end":1884.23},{"text":"importance","start":1884.23,"end":1884.91},{"text":"of","start":1884.91,"end":1884.99},{"text":"preserving","start":1884.99,"end":1885.87},{"text":"a","start":1887.03,"end":1887.07},{"text":"close","start":1887.07,"end":1887.75},{"text":"tie","start":1887.75,"end":1888.23},{"text":"between","start":1888.31,"end":1889.03},{"text":"the","start":1889.03,"end":1889.15},{"text":"International","start":1889.15,"end":1889.99},{"text":"Law","start":1889.99,"end":1890.07},{"text":"Commission","start":1890.07,"end":1890.79},{"text":"and","start":1890.79,"end":1890.99},{"text":"the","start":1890.99,"end":1891.07},{"text":"Sixth","start":1891.07,"end":1891.47},{"text":"Committee,","start":1891.47,"end":1892.23},{"text":"in","start":1892.63,"end":1893.03},{"text":"order","start":1893.03,"end":1893.31},{"text":"to","start":1893.31,"end":1893.43},{"text":"guarantee","start":1893.43,"end":1894.23},{"text":"that","start":1894.23,"end":1894.55},{"text":"the","start":1894.63,"end":1894.75},{"text":"work","start":1894.79,"end":1895.27},{"text":"of","start":1895.27,"end":1895.35},{"text":"codification","start":1895.35,"end":1896.47},{"text":"and","start":1896.47,"end":1896.71},{"text":"the","start":1896.71,"end":1896.83},{"text":"progressive","start":1896.87,"end":1897.35},{"text":"development","start":1897.35,"end":1897.87},{"text":"of","start":1897.87,"end":1897.95},{"text":"international","start":1897.95,"end":1898.99},{"text":"law","start":1898.99,"end":1899.07},{"text":"reflect,","start":1899.51,"end":1900.39},{"text":"as","start":1900.39,"end":1900.71},{"text":"broadly","start":1900.71,"end":1901.11},{"text":"as","start":1901.11,"end":1901.27},{"text":"possible,","start":1901.27,"end":1902.07},{"text":"the","start":1902.55,"end":1902.83},{"text":"perspectives","start":1903.11,"end":1903.99},{"text":"and","start":1904.07,"end":1904.39},{"text":"concerns","start":1904.39,"end":1905.11},{"text":"of","start":1905.11,"end":1905.27},{"text":"States.","start":1905.27,"end":1905.83}]},{"text":"Against that backdrop, my delegation wishes to recall that over the course of debates held in previous sessions on this agenda item, El Salvador has made substantive comments on the draft articles regarding the expulsion of aliens.","start":1906.83,"end":1924.15,"topics":[{"key":"expulsion-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the Expulsion Draft Articles","description":"States differed on whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on expulsion of aliens should become a binding convention, remain non-binding guidance, or continue to be examined through further dialogue and working 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we do recognize the significant effort made by the ILC, we are of the view that aspects remain on which Differences of opinion remain between States.","start":1924.79,"end":1939.07,"topics":[{"key":"expulsion-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the Expulsion Draft Articles","description":"States differed on whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on expulsion of aliens should become a binding convention, remain non-binding guidance, or continue to be examined through further dialogue and working 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reality must compel us to continue to reflect upon the way international law might contribute to striking an appropriate balance between the sovereign authorities of states and the respect for human dignity, as well as the fundamental rights of all people, regardless of their migratory status.","start":1970.11,"end":1991.23,"topics":[{"key":"alien-expulsion","label":"Expulsion of Aliens","description":"Delegations debated states' authority to regulate the entry, stay, and removal of non-nationals, especially the relationship between expulsion powers, sovereignty, border control, national security, and public order."},{"key":"migrant-protections","label":"Migrant Protections","description":"Many statements focused on safeguards in expulsion proceedings, including due process, humane treatment, access to appeals, consular assistance, family unity, and protection against arbitrary or collective 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this in mind, it is a matter of concern to my delegation to note that that provision can give rise to interpretations or applications which lead to the criminalisation of irregular migration, this when in and of itself irregular migration should be broached.","start":1992.07,"end":2009.27,"topics":[{"key":"migrant-protections","label":"Migrant Protections","description":"Many statements focused on safeguards in expulsion proceedings, including due process, humane treatment, access to appeals, consular assistance, family unity, and protection against arbitrary or collective 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an administrative perspective and not a criminal one, in accordance with international human rights standards.","start":2009.79,"end":2015.71,"topics":[{"key":"migrant-protections","label":"Migrant Protections","description":"Many statements focused on safeguards in expulsion proceedings, including due process, humane treatment, access to appeals, consular assistance, family unity, and protection against arbitrary or collective 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particular those tied to the protection of human rights, as well as the evolution of the practice and jurisprudence of international courts and relevant regional courts too.","start":2053.75,"end":2065.27,"topics":[{"key":"expulsion-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the Expulsion Draft Articles","description":"States differed on whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on expulsion of aliens should become a binding convention, remain non-binding guidance, or continue to be examined through further dialogue and working 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my delegation, by way of conclusion, wishes to reaffirm its readiness to participate as constructively as possible in the discussions that this committee may continue to champion in terms of considering this agenda 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wish to work to move towards a result which, in a balanced way, reflects both the fundamental principles of international law and the legitimate concerns of states.","start":2174.31,"end":2183.99,"topics":[{"key":"rule-of-law","label":"Rule of Law","description":"Speakers stressed the importance of strengthening the rule of law at both the national and international levels as a basis for rights protection, accountability, peaceful dispute settlement, and stable multilateral 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Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair","affiliation_full":"6th Committee"}},{"statement_number":14,"start":2196.11,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c6/81/24?lang=en&t=36:37","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Madam Chair. The Kingdom of the Netherlands notes the inclusion of the topic \"Expulsion of aliens\" by the General Assembly to this session of the Sixth Committee.","start":2196.11,"end":2207.63,"topics":[{"key":"alien-expulsion","label":"Expulsion of Aliens","description":"Delegations debated states' authority to regulate the entry, stay, and removal of non-nationals, especially the relationship between expulsion powers, sovereignty, border control, national security, and public 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a view to examining, inter alia, the question of the form that might be given to the draft articles or any other appropriate action.","start":2208.23,"end":2217.75,"topics":[{"key":"expulsion-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the Expulsion Draft Articles","description":"States differed on whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on expulsion of aliens should become a binding convention, remain non-binding guidance, or continue to be examined through further dialogue and working 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draft articles include many existing obligations, particularly those related to human rights, essential to the treatment of everyone who is expelled.","start":2218.79,"end":2229.67,"topics":[{"key":"migrant-protections","label":"Migrant Protections","description":"Many statements focused on safeguards in expulsion proceedings, including due process, humane treatment, access to appeals, consular assistance, family unity, and protection against arbitrary or collective 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we regret that the draft articles as adopted by the International Law Commission go beyond the currently applicable rules of international law on expulsion of aliens and are not in accordance with state practice.","start":2230.63,"end":2247.27,"topics":[{"key":"expulsion-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the Expulsion Draft Articles","description":"States differed on whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on expulsion of aliens should become a binding convention, remain non-binding guidance, or continue to be examined through further dialogue and working 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at this point in time, the Kingdom of the Netherlands cannot support a convention or any other form of codification on the basis of these draft articles.","start":2248.39,"end":2259.51,"topics":[{"key":"expulsion-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the Expulsion Draft Articles","description":"States differed on whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on expulsion of aliens should become a binding convention, remain non-binding guidance, or continue to be examined through further dialogue and working 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you, Madam Chair.","start":2260.15,"end":2261.63,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":2260.15,"end":2260.47},{"text":"you,","start":2260.47,"end":2260.63},{"text":"Madam","start":2260.95,"end":2261.35},{"text":"Chair.","start":2261.35,"end":2261.63}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"NLD","group":null,"function":null,"affiliation_full":"Netherlands (Kingdom of the)"}},{"statement_number":15,"start":2263.19,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c6/81/24?lang=en&t=37:44","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, and I give the floor to the distinguished representative of the Philippines.","start":2263.19,"end":2270.11,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":2263.19,"end":2263.2},{"text":"thank","start":2263.19,"end":2263.43},{"text":"the","start":2263.43,"end":2263.55},{"text":"distinguished","start":2263.55,"end":2264.15},{"text":"representative","start":2264.15,"end":2264.91},{"text":"of","start":2264.91,"end":2265.03},{"text":"the","start":2265.03,"end":2265.15},{"text":"Kingdom","start":2265.15,"end":2265.67},{"text":"of","start":2265.67,"end":2265.91},{"text":"the","start":2265.91,"end":2266.07},{"text":"Netherlands,","start":2266.07,"end":2266.75},{"text":"and","start":2266.75,"end":2266.87},{"text":"I","start":2266.87,"end":2266.95},{"text":"give","start":2266.95,"end":2267.15},{"text":"the","start":2267.15,"end":2267.27},{"text":"floor","start":2267.27,"end":2267.59},{"text":"to","start":2267.59,"end":2267.75},{"text":"the","start":2267.75,"end":2267.83},{"text":"distinguished","start":2267.83,"end":2268.39},{"text":"representative","start":2268.39,"end":2269.27},{"text":"of","start":2269.27,"end":2269.35},{"text":"the","start":2269.43,"end":2269.51},{"text":"Philippines.","start":2269.51,"end":2270.11}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"6th Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair","affiliation_full":"6th Committee"}},{"statement_number":16,"start":2273.03,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c6/81/24?lang=en&t=37:54","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Madam Chair.","start":2273.03,"end":2274.07,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":2273.03,"end":2273.27},{"text":"you,","start":2273.27,"end":2273.35},{"text":"Madam","start":2273.35,"end":2273.67},{"text":"Chair.","start":2273.67,"end":2274.07}]},{"text":"Over a decade ago, we welcomed the conclusion of the work of the ILC on the topic of expulsion of aliens, and we took note of its recommendations.","start":2274.23,"end":2281.99,"topics":[{"key":"expulsion-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the Expulsion Draft Articles","description":"States differed on whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on expulsion of aliens should become a binding convention, remain non-binding guidance, or continue to be examined through further dialogue and working 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Philippines recognizes the sovereign right of states to regulate the entry, stay, and removal of aliens within their territories.","start":2282.31,"end":2289.03,"topics":[{"key":"alien-expulsion","label":"Expulsion of Aliens","description":"Delegations debated states' authority to regulate the entry, stay, and removal of non-nationals, especially the relationship between expulsion powers, sovereignty, border control, national security, and public order."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2282.31,"end":2282.43},{"text":"Philippines","start":2282.43,"end":2282.87},{"text":"recognizes","start":2282.87,"end":2283.67},{"text":"the","start":2283.67,"end":2283.79},{"text":"sovereign","start":2283.79,"end":2284.15},{"text":"right","start":2284.15,"end":2284.39},{"text":"of","start":2284.39,"end":2284.47},{"text":"states","start":2284.47,"end":2284.79},{"text":"to","start":2284.79,"end":2284.87},{"text":"regulate","start":2284.87,"end":2285.35},{"text":"the","start":2285.35,"end":2285.47},{"text":"entry,","start":2285.51,"end":2285.91},{"text":"stay,","start":2285.91,"end":2286.19},{"text":"and","start":2286.19,"end":2286.31},{"text":"removal","start":2286.31,"end":2286.79},{"text":"of","start":2286.79,"end":2286.95},{"text":"aliens","start":2287.07,"end":2287.43},{"text":"within","start":2287.43,"end":2287.67},{"text":"their","start":2287.67,"end":2287.91},{"text":"territories.","start":2288.23,"end":2289.03}]},{"text":"At the same time, the exercise of this right must be consistent with international law, including applicable human rights obligations and the principles of due process and human dignity.","start":2289.39,"end":2300.31,"topics":[{"key":"migrant-protections","label":"Migrant Protections","description":"Many statements focused on safeguards in expulsion proceedings, including due process, humane treatment, access to appeals, consular assistance, family unity, and protection against arbitrary or collective expulsion."},{"key":"rule-of-law","label":"Rule of Law","description":"Speakers stressed the importance of strengthening the rule of law at both the national and international levels as a basis for rights protection, accountability, peaceful dispute settlement, and stable multilateral relations."}],"words":[{"text":"At","start":2289.39,"end":2289.43},{"text":"the","start":2289.43,"end":2289.59},{"text":"same","start":2289.59,"end":2289.83},{"text":"time,","start":2289.83,"end":2290.07},{"text":"the","start":2290.07,"end":2290.19},{"text":"exercise","start":2290.19,"end":2290.67},{"text":"of","start":2290.67,"end":2290.79},{"text":"this","start":2290.79,"end":2290.95},{"text":"right","start":2290.95,"end":2291.35},{"text":"must","start":2291.35,"end":2291.59},{"text":"be","start":2291.59,"end":2291.71},{"text":"consistent","start":2291.71,"end":2292.31},{"text":"with","start":2292.31,"end":2292.43},{"text":"international","start":2292.43,"end":2293.39},{"text":"law,","start":2293.39,"end":2293.47},{"text":"including","start":2293.75,"end":2294.23},{"text":"applicable","start":2294.23,"end":2294.83},{"text":"human","start":2294.83,"end":2295.19},{"text":"rights","start":2295.19,"end":2295.43},{"text":"obligations","start":2295.43,"end":2296.23},{"text":"and","start":2296.47,"end":2296.63},{"text":"the","start":2296.63,"end":2296.71},{"text":"principles","start":2296.71,"end":2297.43},{"text":"of","start":2297.99,"end":2298.15},{"text":"due","start":2298.15,"end":2298.39},{"text":"process","start":2298.39,"end":2298.95},{"text":"and","start":2299.27,"end":2299.47},{"text":"human","start":2299.47,"end":2299.75},{"text":"dignity.","start":2299.75,"end":2300.31}]},{"text":"For the Philippines, Commonwealth Act No.","start":2300.87,"end":2303.03,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"For","start":2300.87,"end":2301.03},{"text":"the","start":2301.03,"end":2301.15},{"text":"Philippines,","start":2301.15,"end":2301.67},{"text":"Commonwealth","start":2301.67,"end":2302.31},{"text":"Act","start":2302.31,"end":2302.55},{"text":"No.","start":2302.71,"end":2303.03}]},{"text":"613, or the Philippine Immigration Act of 1940, has provided the national legal framework governing the issuance of visas, exclusion and deportation proceedings, and other requirements concerning the lawful stay of aliens in the Philippines.","start":2303.03,"end":2316.63,"topics":[{"key":"alien-expulsion","label":"Expulsion of Aliens","description":"Delegations debated states' authority to regulate the entry, stay, and removal of non-nationals, especially the relationship between expulsion powers, sovereignty, border control, national security, and public 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the Bureau of Immigration has issued various regulations to implement and complement this legal framework.","start":2317.11,"end":2322.07,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"and","start":2317.11,"end":2317.19},{"text":"the","start":2317.19,"end":2317.27},{"text":"Bureau","start":2317.27,"end":2317.51},{"text":"of","start":2317.51,"end":2317.59},{"text":"Immigration","start":2317.59,"end":2318.15},{"text":"has","start":2318.15,"end":2318.27},{"text":"issued","start":2318.27,"end":2318.59},{"text":"various","start":2318.59,"end":2318.91},{"text":"regulations","start":2318.91,"end":2319.55},{"text":"to","start":2319.55,"end":2319.67},{"text":"implement","start":2319.67,"end":2320.19},{"text":"and","start":2320.43,"end":2320.59},{"text":"complement","start":2320.59,"end":2321.11},{"text":"this","start":2321.11,"end":2321.31},{"text":"legal","start":2321.31,"end":2321.55},{"text":"framework.","start":2321.55,"end":2322.07}]},{"text":"Due process guarantees are enshrined in Philippine law, including substantive and procedural safeguards for aliens facing expulsion.","start":2322.51,"end":2329.55,"topics":[{"key":"migrant-protections","label":"Migrant Protections","description":"Many statements focused on safeguards in expulsion proceedings, including due process, humane treatment, access to appeals, consular assistance, family unity, and protection against arbitrary or collective expulsion."}],"words":[{"text":"Due","start":2322.51,"end":2322.75},{"text":"process","start":2322.75,"end":2323.23},{"text":"guarantees","start":2323.23,"end":2323.83},{"text":"are","start":2323.83,"end":2323.95},{"text":"enshrined","start":2323.95,"end":2324.39},{"text":"in","start":2324.39,"end":2324.51},{"text":"Philippine","start":2324.51,"end":2324.91},{"text":"law,","start":2324.91,"end":2325.15},{"text":"including","start":2325.39,"end":2325.79},{"text":"substantive","start":2325.79,"end":2326.47},{"text":"and","start":2326.47,"end":2326.59},{"text":"procedural","start":2326.59,"end":2327.07},{"text":"safeguards","start":2327.07,"end":2327.71},{"text":"for","start":2327.71,"end":2327.95},{"text":"aliens","start":2328.03,"end":2328.51},{"text":"facing","start":2328.51,"end":2328.87},{"text":"expulsion.","start":2328.87,"end":2329.55}]},{"text":"Meanwhile, as a country with a significant number of nationals living and working abroad, the Philippines attaches particular importance to safeguards against arbitrary expulsion, access to consular assistance, and respect for the fundamental rights of individuals, affected by expulsion proceedings.","start":2330.75,"end":2347.39,"topics":[{"key":"migrant-protections","label":"Migrant Protections","description":"Many statements focused on safeguards in expulsion proceedings, including due process, humane treatment, access to appeals, consular assistance, family unity, and protection against arbitrary or collective expulsion."}],"words":[{"text":"Meanwhile,","start":2330.75,"end":2331.23},{"text":"as","start":2331.23,"end":2331.39},{"text":"a","start":2331.39,"end":2331.47},{"text":"country","start":2331.47,"end":2331.75},{"text":"with","start":2331.75,"end":2331.87},{"text":"a","start":2331.87,"end":2331.95},{"text":"significant","start":2331.95,"end":2332.55},{"text":"number","start":2332.55,"end":2332.87},{"text":"of","start":2332.87,"end":2332.99},{"text":"nationals","start":2332.99,"end":2333.55},{"text":"living","start":2333.55,"end":2333.91},{"text":"and","start":2333.91,"end":2334.07},{"text":"working","start":2334.07,"end":2334.39},{"text":"abroad,","start":2334.39,"end":2334.91},{"text":"the","start":2335.39,"end":2335.55},{"text":"Philippines","start":2335.55,"end":2336.03},{"text":"attaches","start":2336.11,"end":2336.51},{"text":"particular","start":2336.51,"end":2336.99},{"text":"importance","start":2336.99,"end":2337.47},{"text":"to","start":2337.47,"end":2337.59},{"text":"safeguards","start":2337.59,"end":2338.27},{"text":"against","start":2338.27,"end":2338.67},{"text":"arbitrary","start":2338.67,"end":2339.23},{"text":"expulsion,","start":2339.23,"end":2339.95},{"text":"access","start":2340.35,"end":2340.75},{"text":"to","start":2340.75,"end":2340.87},{"text":"consular","start":2340.87,"end":2341.35},{"text":"assistance,","start":2341.35,"end":2342.03},{"text":"and","start":2342.35,"end":2342.59},{"text":"respect","start":2342.59,"end":2343.03},{"text":"for","start":2343.03,"end":2343.23},{"text":"the","start":2343.23,"end":2343.31},{"text":"fundamental","start":2343.31,"end":2343.83},{"text":"rights","start":2343.83,"end":2344.15},{"text":"of","start":2344.15,"end":2344.27},{"text":"individuals,","start":2344.27,"end":2345.15},{"text":"affected","start":2345.63,"end":2346.03},{"text":"by","start":2346.03,"end":2346.15},{"text":"expulsion","start":2346.15,"end":2346.67},{"text":"proceedings.","start":2346.67,"end":2347.39}]},{"text":"Madam Chair, we see value in the draft articles as guidelines for states, as a basis for further discussion, and as a useful reference for the development of national legal frameworks.","start":2348.03,"end":2358.43,"topics":[{"key":"expulsion-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the Expulsion Draft Articles","description":"States differed on whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on expulsion of aliens should become a binding convention, remain non-binding guidance, or continue to be examined through further dialogue and working 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particularly appreciate the Commission's efforts to strike a balance between the sovereign prerogatives of states and the protection of the rights of aliens, including through safeguards relating to non-refoulement, family life, and procedural fairness.","start":2359.23,"end":2372.51,"topics":[{"key":"alien-expulsion","label":"Expulsion of Aliens","description":"Delegations debated states' authority to regulate the entry, stay, and removal of non-nationals, especially the relationship between expulsion powers, sovereignty, border control, national security, and public order."},{"key":"non-refoulement","label":"Non-Refoulement","description":"Several delegations discussed the scope and legal status of non-refoulement, including whether people may be returned to places where they face persecution, torture, death, or other serious harm."},{"key":"migrant-protections","label":"Migrant Protections","description":"Many statements focused on safeguards in expulsion proceedings, including due process, humane treatment, access to appeals, consular assistance, family unity, and protection against arbitrary or collective expulsion."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":2359.23,"end":2359.31},{"text":"particularly","start":2359.31,"end":2359.91},{"text":"appreciate","start":2359.91,"end":2360.39},{"text":"the","start":2360.39,"end":2360.51},{"text":"Commission's","start":2360.51,"end":2361.03},{"text":"efforts","start":2361.03,"end":2361.35},{"text":"to","start":2361.35,"end":2361.43},{"text":"strike","start":2361.43,"end":2361.79},{"text":"a","start":2361.79,"end":2361.87},{"text":"balance","start":2361.87,"end":2362.35},{"text":"between","start":2362.35,"end":2362.83},{"text":"the","start":2362.99,"end":2363.11},{"text":"sovereign","start":2363.11,"end":2363.47},{"text":"prerogatives","start":2363.47,"end":2364.23},{"text":"of","start":2364.23,"end":2364.35},{"text":"states","start":2364.35,"end":2364.83},{"text":"and","start":2365.07,"end":2365.19},{"text":"the","start":2365.19,"end":2365.31},{"text":"protection","start":2365.31,"end":2365.79},{"text":"of","start":2365.79,"end":2365.87},{"text":"the","start":2365.87,"end":2365.99},{"text":"rights","start":2365.99,"end":2366.35},{"text":"of","start":2366.35,"end":2366.51},{"text":"aliens,","start":2366.51,"end":2367.15},{"text":"including","start":2367.39,"end":2367.87},{"text":"through","start":2367.87,"end":2368.07},{"text":"safeguards","start":2368.07,"end":2368.59},{"text":"relating","start":2368.59,"end":2368.99},{"text":"to","start":2368.99,"end":2369.11},{"text":"non-refoulement,","start":2369.11,"end":2369.87},{"text":"family","start":2370.27,"end":2370.79},{"text":"life,","start":2370.79,"end":2371.07},{"text":"and","start":2371.15,"end":2371.27},{"text":"procedural","start":2371.27,"end":2371.79},{"text":"fairness.","start":2371.79,"end":2372.51}]},{"text":"At the same time, we recognize that the draft articles contain provisions that may reflect both the codification and progressive development of international law.","start":2373.19,"end":2383.39,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"At","start":2373.19,"end":2373.23},{"text":"the","start":2373.23,"end":2373.31},{"text":"same","start":2373.31,"end":2373.59},{"text":"time,","start":2373.59,"end":2374.07},{"text":"we","start":2374.15,"end":2374.31},{"text":"recognize","start":2374.31,"end":2375.11},{"text":"that","start":2375.11,"end":2375.27},{"text":"the","start":2375.27,"end":2375.35},{"text":"draft","start":2375.35,"end":2375.71},{"text":"articles","start":2375.71,"end":2376.31},{"text":"contain","start":2376.79,"end":2377.19},{"text":"provisions","start":2377.19,"end":2377.91},{"text":"that","start":2378.31,"end":2378.47},{"text":"may","start":2378.47,"end":2378.71},{"text":"reflect","start":2378.71,"end":2379.27},{"text":"both","start":2379.91,"end":2380.23},{"text":"the","start":2380.23,"end":2380.35},{"text":"codification","start":2380.35,"end":2381.11},{"text":"and","start":2381.11,"end":2381.23},{"text":"progressive","start":2381.23,"end":2381.75},{"text":"development","start":2381.75,"end":2382.27},{"text":"of","start":2382.27,"end":2382.39},{"text":"international","start":2382.39,"end":2383.31},{"text":"law.","start":2383.31,"end":2383.39}]},{"text":"And so further consideration by states would be useful in clarifying the legal basis, scope, and practical implications of these provisions.","start":2384.03,"end":2392.79,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":2384.03,"end":2384.15},{"text":"so","start":2384.15,"end":2384.31},{"text":"further","start":2384.31,"end":2384.67},{"text":"consideration","start":2384.67,"end":2385.35},{"text":"by","start":2385.35,"end":2385.51},{"text":"states","start":2385.51,"end":2385.91},{"text":"would","start":2385.91,"end":2386.03},{"text":"be","start":2386.03,"end":2386.15},{"text":"useful","start":2386.15,"end":2386.71},{"text":"in","start":2387.03,"end":2387.19},{"text":"clarifying","start":2387.19,"end":2387.83},{"text":"the","start":2387.83,"end":2387.99},{"text":"legal","start":2387.99,"end":2388.23},{"text":"basis,","start":2388.23,"end":2388.79},{"text":"scope,","start":2389.03,"end":2389.51},{"text":"and","start":2389.79,"end":2389.95},{"text":"practical","start":2389.95,"end":2390.47},{"text":"implications","start":2390.47,"end":2391.43},{"text":"of","start":2391.63,"end":2391.75},{"text":"these","start":2391.75,"end":2391.99},{"text":"provisions.","start":2391.99,"end":2392.79}]},{"text":"We acknowledge the different views expressed by the delegations on the future of the draft articles, including proposals for a legally binding instrument.","start":2393.75,"end":2402.75,"topics":[{"key":"expulsion-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the Expulsion Draft Articles","description":"States differed on whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on expulsion of aliens should become a binding convention, remain non-binding guidance, or continue to be examined through further dialogue and working methods."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":2393.75,"end":2393.95},{"text":"acknowledge","start":2393.95,"end":2394.39},{"text":"the","start":2394.39,"end":2394.47},{"text":"different","start":2394.47,"end":2394.87},{"text":"views","start":2394.87,"end":2395.15},{"text":"expressed","start":2395.15,"end":2395.67},{"text":"by","start":2395.67,"end":2395.75},{"text":"the","start":2395.75,"end":2395.87},{"text":"delegations","start":2395.87,"end":2396.79},{"text":"on","start":2396.79,"end":2396.95},{"text":"the","start":2396.95,"end":2397.03},{"text":"future","start":2397.03,"end":2397.59},{"text":"of","start":2397.67,"end":2397.79},{"text":"the","start":2397.79,"end":2397.87},{"text":"draft","start":2397.87,"end":2398.31},{"text":"articles,","start":2398.31,"end":2399.03},{"text":"including","start":2399.51,"end":2400.15},{"text":"proposals","start":2400.23,"end":2400.95},{"text":"for","start":2400.95,"end":2401.27},{"text":"a","start":2401.27,"end":2401.35},{"text":"legally","start":2401.35,"end":2401.75},{"text":"binding","start":2401.75,"end":2402.15},{"text":"instrument.","start":2402.15,"end":2402.75}]},{"text":"and those favoring non-binding guidelines.","start":2403.35,"end":2406.39,"topics":[{"key":"expulsion-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the Expulsion Draft Articles","description":"States differed on whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on expulsion of aliens should become a binding convention, remain non-binding guidance, or continue to be examined through further dialogue and working methods."}],"words":[{"text":"and","start":2403.35,"end":2403.55},{"text":"those","start":2403.55,"end":2403.83},{"text":"favoring","start":2403.83,"end":2404.47},{"text":"non-binding","start":2404.71,"end":2405.59},{"text":"guidelines.","start":2405.59,"end":2406.39}]},{"text":"We believe that these perspectives should not preclude further constructive engagement by this meeting, by this committee.","start":2407.43,"end":2416.39,"topics":[{"key":"expulsion-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the Expulsion Draft Articles","description":"States differed on whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on expulsion of aliens should become a binding convention, remain non-binding guidance, or continue to be examined through further dialogue and working methods."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":2407.43,"end":2407.59},{"text":"believe","start":2407.59,"end":2407.95},{"text":"that","start":2407.95,"end":2408.11},{"text":"these","start":2408.11,"end":2408.31},{"text":"perspectives","start":2408.31,"end":2409.27},{"text":"should","start":2409.27,"end":2409.51},{"text":"not","start":2409.51,"end":2409.71},{"text":"preclude","start":2409.71,"end":2410.31},{"text":"further","start":2410.55,"end":2411.19},{"text":"constructive","start":2411.19,"end":2411.91},{"text":"engagement","start":2411.91,"end":2412.79},{"text":"by","start":2413.51,"end":2413.75},{"text":"this","start":2413.75,"end":2414.15},{"text":"meeting,","start":2415.11,"end":2415.55},{"text":"by","start":2415.55,"end":2415.63},{"text":"this","start":2415.63,"end":2415.83},{"text":"committee.","start":2415.83,"end":2416.39}]},{"text":"We note, for instance, the substantive contributions of the delegation from El Salvador.","start":2416.71,"end":2424.39,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":2416.71,"end":2416.83},{"text":"note,","start":2416.83,"end":2417.19},{"text":"for","start":2417.27,"end":2417.51},{"text":"instance,","start":2417.51,"end":2418.23},{"text":"the","start":2418.55,"end":2418.71},{"text":"substantive","start":2418.71,"end":2419.59},{"text":"contributions","start":2419.59,"end":2420.55},{"text":"of","start":2420.99,"end":2421.11},{"text":"the","start":2421.11,"end":2421.27},{"text":"delegation","start":2421.27,"end":2422.67},{"text":"from","start":2422.87,"end":2423.35},{"text":"El","start":2423.67,"end":2423.83},{"text":"Salvador.","start":2423.83,"end":2424.39}]},{"text":"In this regard, the Philippines would support a gradual, inclusive process of substantive discussions aimed at identifying areas of convergence and questions requiring further examinations, and such a process should remain open to all possible outcomes.","start":2425.11,"end":2439.55,"topics":[{"key":"expulsion-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the Expulsion Draft Articles","description":"States differed on whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on expulsion of aliens should become a binding convention, remain non-binding guidance, or continue to be examined through further dialogue and working methods."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":2425.11,"end":2425.15},{"text":"this","start":2425.15,"end":2425.31},{"text":"regard,","start":2425.31,"end":2425.63},{"text":"the","start":2425.63,"end":2425.71},{"text":"Philippines","start":2425.71,"end":2426.27},{"text":"would","start":2426.27,"end":2426.51},{"text":"support","start":2426.51,"end":2427.03},{"text":"a","start":2427.03,"end":2427.07},{"text":"gradual,","start":2427.07,"end":2427.79},{"text":"inclusive","start":2427.79,"end":2428.27},{"text":"process","start":2428.27,"end":2428.79},{"text":"of","start":2428.79,"end":2428.91},{"text":"substantive","start":2428.91,"end":2429.47},{"text":"discussions","start":2429.47,"end":2430.27},{"text":"aimed","start":2430.75,"end":2430.99},{"text":"at","start":2430.99,"end":2431.15},{"text":"identifying","start":2431.15,"end":2431.95},{"text":"areas","start":2431.95,"end":2432.23},{"text":"of","start":2432.23,"end":2432.35},{"text":"convergence","start":2432.35,"end":2433.15},{"text":"and","start":2433.67,"end":2433.83},{"text":"questions","start":2433.83,"end":2434.23},{"text":"requiring","start":2434.23,"end":2434.59},{"text":"further","start":2434.59,"end":2434.95},{"text":"examinations,","start":2434.95,"end":2435.83},{"text":"and","start":2435.83,"end":2436.03},{"text":"such","start":2436.03,"end":2436.27},{"text":"a","start":2436.27,"end":2436.35},{"text":"process","start":2436.35,"end":2436.75},{"text":"should","start":2436.75,"end":2436.91},{"text":"remain","start":2436.91,"end":2437.23},{"text":"open","start":2437.23,"end":2437.71},{"text":"to","start":2437.95,"end":2438.07},{"text":"all","start":2438.07,"end":2438.19},{"text":"possible","start":2438.19,"end":2438.83},{"text":"outcomes.","start":2438.83,"end":2439.55}]},{"text":"We believe that this approach would preserve the valuable work of the ILC while allowing member states to build a broader common understanding of the applicable principles.","start":2440.03,"end":2449.79,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":2440.03,"end":2440.11},{"text":"believe","start":2440.11,"end":2440.43},{"text":"that","start":2440.43,"end":2440.55},{"text":"this","start":2440.55,"end":2440.67},{"text":"approach","start":2440.67,"end":2441.07},{"text":"would","start":2441.07,"end":2441.23},{"text":"preserve","start":2441.23,"end":2441.59},{"text":"the","start":2441.59,"end":2441.67},{"text":"valuable","start":2441.67,"end":2442.19},{"text":"work","start":2442.19,"end":2442.43},{"text":"of","start":2442.43,"end":2442.59},{"text":"the","start":2442.59,"end":2442.71},{"text":"ILC","start":2442.75,"end":2443.39},{"text":"while","start":2443.59,"end":2443.83},{"text":"allowing","start":2443.83,"end":2444.19},{"text":"member","start":2444.19,"end":2444.51},{"text":"states","start":2444.51,"end":2444.83},{"text":"to","start":2444.83,"end":2444.91},{"text":"build","start":2444.91,"end":2445.31},{"text":"a","start":2445.63,"end":2445.71},{"text":"broader","start":2445.71,"end":2446.15},{"text":"common","start":2446.15,"end":2446.47},{"text":"understanding","start":2446.47,"end":2447.31},{"text":"of","start":2447.67,"end":2447.79},{"text":"the","start":2447.79,"end":2447.87},{"text":"applicable","start":2447.87,"end":2448.43},{"text":"principles.","start":2448.99,"end":2449.79}]},{"text":"And so we would therefore support retaining this topic on the agenda of the Sixth Committee.","start":2450.19,"end":2454.07,"topics":[{"key":"expulsion-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the Expulsion Draft Articles","description":"States differed on whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on expulsion of aliens should become a binding convention, remain non-binding guidance, or continue to be examined through further dialogue and working methods."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":2450.19,"end":2450.31},{"text":"so","start":2450.31,"end":2450.43},{"text":"we","start":2450.43,"end":2450.55},{"text":"would","start":2450.55,"end":2450.75},{"text":"therefore","start":2450.75,"end":2451.03},{"text":"support","start":2451.03,"end":2451.47},{"text":"retaining","start":2451.47,"end":2451.87},{"text":"this","start":2451.87,"end":2452.03},{"text":"topic","start":2452.03,"end":2452.39},{"text":"on","start":2452.63,"end":2452.79},{"text":"the","start":2452.79,"end":2452.91},{"text":"agenda","start":2452.91,"end":2453.27},{"text":"of","start":2453.27,"end":2453.35},{"text":"the","start":2453.35,"end":2453.47},{"text":"Sixth","start":2453.47,"end":2453.75},{"text":"Committee.","start":2453.75,"end":2454.07}]},{"text":"Thank you.","start":2454.15,"end":2454.59,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":2454.15,"end":2454.47},{"text":"you.","start":2454.47,"end":2454.59}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"PHL","group":null,"function":null,"affiliation_full":"Philippines"}},{"statement_number":17,"start":2455.91,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c6/81/24?lang=en&t=40:56","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of the Philippines for her statement, and I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Mexico.","start":2455.91,"end":2462.75,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":2455.91,"end":2456.07},{"text":"thank","start":2456.07,"end":2456.35},{"text":"the","start":2456.35,"end":2456.43},{"text":"distinguished","start":2456.43,"end":2457.03},{"text":"representative","start":2457.03,"end":2457.83},{"text":"of","start":2457.83,"end":2457.91},{"text":"the","start":2457.91,"end":2458.07},{"text":"Philippines","start":2458.07,"end":2458.71},{"text":"for","start":2458.71,"end":2458.87},{"text":"her","start":2458.87,"end":2459.03},{"text":"statement,","start":2459.03,"end":2459.67},{"text":"and","start":2459.67,"end":2459.79},{"text":"I","start":2459.79,"end":2459.83},{"text":"give","start":2459.83,"end":2459.99},{"text":"the","start":2459.99,"end":2460.07},{"text":"floor","start":2460.07,"end":2460.39},{"text":"to","start":2460.39,"end":2460.51},{"text":"the","start":2460.51,"end":2460.59},{"text":"distinguished","start":2460.59,"end":2461.27},{"text":"representative","start":2461.27,"end":2461.99},{"text":"of","start":2461.99,"end":2462.15},{"text":"Mexico.","start":2462.15,"end":2462.75}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"6th Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair","affiliation_full":"6th Committee"}},{"statement_number":18,"start":2467.19,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c6/81/24?lang=en&t=41:08","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Madam Chair.","start":2467.19,"end":2468.55,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":2467.19,"end":2467.59},{"text":"you,","start":2467.59,"end":2467.83},{"text":"Madam","start":2467.83,"end":2468.31},{"text":"Chair.","start":2468.31,"end":2468.55}]},{"text":"The draft articles drawn up by the International Law Commission on the expulsion of aliens includes norms both of codification and the progressive development of international law.","start":2469.67,"end":2486.99,"topics":[{"key":"alien-expulsion","label":"Expulsion of Aliens","description":"Delegations debated states' authority to regulate the entry, stay, and removal of non-nationals, especially the relationship between expulsion powers, sovereignty, border control, national security, and public 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matters established arise from the inherent rights of states or from the application of obligations entered into pursuant to manifold international instruments, particularly in the field of human rights and international humanitarian law.","start":2487.79,"end":2507.79,"topics":[{"key":"alien-expulsion","label":"Expulsion of Aliens","description":"Delegations debated states' authority to regulate the entry, stay, and removal of non-nationals, especially the relationship between expulsion powers, sovereignty, border control, national security, and public 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matters that have not been established in these articles, they remain under scrutiny so that we can assess whether they are appropriate for consideration.","start":2507.87,"end":2517.47,"topics":[{"key":"alien-expulsion","label":"Expulsion of Aliens","description":"Delegations debated states' authority to regulate the entry, stay, and removal of non-nationals, especially the relationship between expulsion powers, sovereignty, border control, national security, and public 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distinction does not reduce the value of the work done by the ILC.","start":2517.47,"end":2521.95,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":2517.47,"end":2517.71},{"text":"distinction","start":2517.71,"end":2518.35},{"text":"does","start":2518.35,"end":2518.51},{"text":"not","start":2518.51,"end":2518.71},{"text":"reduce","start":2518.71,"end":2519.23},{"text":"the","start":2519.23,"end":2519.39},{"text":"value","start":2519.63,"end":2519.99},{"text":"of","start":2519.99,"end":2520.11},{"text":"the","start":2520.11,"end":2520.19},{"text":"work","start":2520.19,"end":2520.51},{"text":"done","start":2520.51,"end":2520.75},{"text":"by","start":2520.75,"end":2520.91},{"text":"the","start":2520.91,"end":2521.03},{"text":"ILC.","start":2521.07,"end":2521.95}]},{"text":"On the contrary, it gives rise to crucial work that the Sixth Committee must do, that is determining the treatment that should be afforded to the draft 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Chair, more than a decade now has elapsed since the adoption of the draft articles.","start":2535.31,"end":2543.79,"topics":[{"key":"expulsion-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the Expulsion Draft Articles","description":"States differed on whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on expulsion of aliens should become a binding convention, remain non-binding guidance, or continue to be examined through further dialogue and working 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a first step, it would be appropriate to identify in clearer terms the provisions that reflect international law that is currently in force and, indeed, applicable international law, and those that correspond primarily to an exercise of progressive development.","start":2597.71,"end":2615.55,"topics":[{"key":"expulsion-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the Expulsion Draft Articles","description":"States differed on whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on expulsion of aliens should become a binding convention, remain non-binding guidance, or continue to be examined through further dialogue and working 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exercise would make it possible to more precisely assess the degree of acceptance of each provision, and to distinguish differences related to their content from those referring solely to the final form of the instrument.","start":2617.39,"end":2638.31,"topics":[{"key":"expulsion-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the Expulsion Draft Articles","description":"States differed on whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on expulsion of aliens should become a binding convention, remain non-binding guidance, or continue to be examined through further dialogue and working 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would also be relevant to have updates on state practice related to the provisions of the draft articles or its substantive content.","start":2641.19,"end":2652.23,"topics":[{"key":"expulsion-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the Expulsion Draft Articles","description":"States differed on whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on expulsion of aliens should become a binding convention, remain non-binding guidance, or continue to be examined through further dialogue and working 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any of these options, if chosen, must emerge as a conscious decision being made.","start":2732.39,"end":2741.19,"topics":[{"key":"expulsion-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the Expulsion Draft Articles","description":"States differed on whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on expulsion of aliens should become a binding convention, remain non-binding guidance, or continue to be examined through further dialogue and working 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goal must not be to force a treaty into existence when there is not sufficient agreement to take that step.","start":2755.39,"end":2763.87,"topics":[{"key":"expulsion-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the Expulsion Draft Articles","description":"States differed on whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on expulsion of aliens should become a binding convention, remain non-binding guidance, or continue to be examined through further dialogue and working 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however, should we allow the lack of a decision to undermine or unravel the important work of the ILC.","start":2764.79,"end":2774.71,"topics":[{"key":"expulsion-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the Expulsion Draft Articles","description":"States differed on whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on expulsion of aliens should become a binding convention, remain non-binding guidance, or continue to be examined through further dialogue and working 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Mexico wishes to underscore the importance of ensuring that the language used by this Commission reflects the evolution of international law and unfettered respect for human 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term which could be dehumanizing ultimately and out of step with modern legal language.","start":2824.19,"end":2830.91,"topics":[{"key":"alien-expulsion","label":"Expulsion of Aliens","description":"Delegations debated states' authority to regulate the entry, stay, and removal of non-nationals, especially the relationship between expulsion powers, sovereignty, border control, national security, and public 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proposals that today we have put on the table, Madam Chair, will be suggested by my delegation for incorporation into the appropriate draft resolution once negotiations on such a text begin.","start":2846.19,"end":2859.27,"topics":[{"key":"expulsion-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the Expulsion Draft Articles","description":"States differed on whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on expulsion of aliens should become a binding convention, remain non-binding guidance, or continue to be examined through further dialogue and working 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Kingdom.","start":2860.87,"end":2867.75,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":2860.87,"end":2860.95},{"text":"thank","start":2860.95,"end":2861.23},{"text":"the","start":2861.23,"end":2861.31},{"text":"distinguished","start":2861.31,"end":2861.91},{"text":"representative","start":2861.91,"end":2862.71},{"text":"of","start":2862.71,"end":2862.79},{"text":"Mexico","start":2862.79,"end":2863.35},{"text":"for","start":2863.35,"end":2863.59},{"text":"her","start":2863.59,"end":2863.75},{"text":"statement,","start":2863.75,"end":2864.47},{"text":"and","start":2864.47,"end":2864.59},{"text":"I","start":2864.59,"end":2864.63},{"text":"give","start":2864.63,"end":2864.79},{"text":"the","start":2864.79,"end":2864.95},{"text":"floor","start":2864.95,"end":2865.19},{"text":"to","start":2865.19,"end":2865.27},{"text":"the","start":2865.27,"end":2865.35},{"text":"distinguished","start":2865.35,"end":2865.95},{"text":"representative","start":2865.95,"end":2866.63},{"text":"of","start":2866.67,"end":2866.79},{"text":"the","start":2866.79,"end":2866.87},{"text":"United","start":2866.87,"end":2867.35},{"text":"Kingdom.","start":2867.35,"end":2867.75}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"6th Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair","affiliation_full":"6th Committee"}},{"statement_number":20,"start":2871.19,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c6/81/24?lang=en&t=47:52","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Chair.","start":2871.19,"end":2871.99,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":2871.19,"end":2871.51},{"text":"you,","start":2871.51,"end":2871.63},{"text":"Chair.","start":2871.63,"end":2871.99}]},{"text":"On the topic of expulsion of aliens, the position of the United Kingdom has been and continues to be that this is a difficult and complex subject which intrudes directly into the domestic sphere of states and national sovereignty.","start":2873.11,"end":2886.35,"topics":[{"key":"alien-expulsion","label":"Expulsion of Aliens","description":"Delegations debated states' authority to regulate the entry, stay, and removal of non-nationals, especially the relationship between expulsion powers, sovereignty, border control, national security, and public 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United Kingdom continues to consider that the role of states to control their borders and manage migration, especially that of irregular character, remains paramount and should be afforded considerable discretion.","start":2887.31,"end":2899.87,"topics":[{"key":"alien-expulsion","label":"Expulsion of Aliens","description":"Delegations debated states' authority to regulate the entry, stay, and removal of non-nationals, especially the relationship between expulsion powers, sovereignty, border control, national security, and public 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United Kingdom believes that the topic of expulsion of aliens is unsuitable for a convention or legally binding instrument.","start":2900.83,"end":2907.51,"topics":[{"key":"expulsion-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the Expulsion Draft Articles","description":"States differed on whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on expulsion of aliens should become a binding convention, remain non-binding guidance, or continue to be examined through further dialogue and working 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Kingdom considers that the subject is insufficiently developed or coherent for codification, we would like to highlight that our own domestic legal framework is exercised consistently with our international obligations and provides sufficient safeguards for individuals facing expulsion.","start":2920.87,"end":2939.87,"topics":[{"key":"expulsion-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the Expulsion Draft Articles","description":"States differed on whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on expulsion of aliens should become a binding convention, remain non-binding guidance, or continue to be examined through further dialogue and working methods."},{"key":"migrant-protections","label":"Migrant Protections","description":"Many statements focused on safeguards in expulsion proceedings, including due process, humane treatment, access to appeals, consular assistance, family unity, and protection against arbitrary or collective 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are expected to comply with the laws of host states.","start":2940.75,"end":2944.03,"topics":[{"key":"alien-expulsion","label":"Expulsion of Aliens","description":"Delegations debated states' authority to regulate the entry, stay, and removal of non-nationals, especially the relationship between expulsion powers, sovereignty, border control, national security, and public order."}],"words":[{"text":"Migrants","start":2940.75,"end":2941.23},{"text":"are","start":2941.23,"end":2941.35},{"text":"expected","start":2941.35,"end":2941.91},{"text":"to","start":2941.91,"end":2941.99},{"text":"comply","start":2941.99,"end":2942.43},{"text":"with","start":2942.43,"end":2942.55},{"text":"the","start":2942.55,"end":2942.63},{"text":"laws","start":2942.63,"end":2943.03},{"text":"of","start":2943.03,"end":2943.15},{"text":"host","start":2943.15,"end":2943.39},{"text":"states.","start":2943.39,"end":2944.03}]},{"text":"If they do not, then the host states should be able to take appropriate, reasonable measures to promote compliance in accordance with existing international legal obligations.","start":2944.27,"end":2954.43,"topics":[{"key":"migrant-protections","label":"Migrant Protections","description":"Many statements focused on safeguards in expulsion proceedings, including due process, humane treatment, access to appeals, consular assistance, family unity, and protection against arbitrary or collective 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the United Kingdom took the opportunity at the 72nd session in 2017 to make detailed comments on the draft articles.","start":2955.15,"end":2964.75,"topics":[{"key":"expulsion-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the Expulsion Draft Articles","description":"States differed on whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on expulsion of aliens should become a binding convention, remain non-binding guidance, or continue to be examined through further dialogue and working 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have not set out those comments in my statement.","start":2965.55,"end":2967.87,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":2965.55,"end":2965.56},{"text":"have","start":2965.55,"end":2965.79},{"text":"not","start":2965.79,"end":2965.99},{"text":"set","start":2965.99,"end":2966.35},{"text":"out","start":2966.35,"end":2966.51},{"text":"those","start":2966.51,"end":2966.67},{"text":"comments","start":2966.67,"end":2967.07},{"text":"in","start":2967.07,"end":2967.15},{"text":"my","start":2967.15,"end":2967.31},{"text":"statement.","start":2967.31,"end":2967.87}]},{"text":"However, those comments remain the formal position of the United Kingdom on this issue.","start":2967.95,"end":2972.99,"topics":[{"key":"expulsion-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the Expulsion Draft Articles","description":"States differed on whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on expulsion of aliens should become a binding convention, remain non-binding guidance, or continue to be examined through further dialogue and working methods."}],"words":[{"text":"However,","start":2967.95,"end":2968.47},{"text":"those","start":2968.47,"end":2968.75},{"text":"comments","start":2968.75,"end":2969.15},{"text":"remain","start":2969.15,"end":2969.63},{"text":"the","start":2969.71,"end":2969.87},{"text":"formal","start":2969.87,"end":2970.27},{"text":"position","start":2970.27,"end":2970.83},{"text":"of","start":2971.11,"end":2971.19},{"text":"the","start":2971.19,"end":2971.27},{"text":"United","start":2971.27,"end":2971.63},{"text":"Kingdom","start":2971.63,"end":2972.11},{"text":"on","start":2972.19,"end":2972.35},{"text":"this","start":2972.35,"end":2972.59},{"text":"issue.","start":2972.59,"end":2972.99}]},{"text":"Thank you, Chair.","start":2973.31,"end":2973.87,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":2973.31,"end":2973.59},{"text":"you,","start":2973.59,"end":2973.67},{"text":"Chair.","start":2973.67,"end":2973.87}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"GBR","group":null,"function":null,"affiliation_full":"United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland"}},{"statement_number":21,"start":2975.23,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c6/81/24?lang=en&t=49:36","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of the United Kingdom, and I give the floor to the distinguished representative of 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to the next speaker, I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Cuba.","start":2988.26,"end":2994.34,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Moving","start":2988.26,"end":2988.74},{"text":"to","start":2988.74,"end":2989.14},{"text":"the","start":2989.14,"end":2989.38},{"text":"next","start":2989.38,"end":2989.7},{"text":"speaker,","start":2989.7,"end":2990.18},{"text":"I","start":2991.22,"end":2991.3},{"text":"give","start":2991.3,"end":2991.58},{"text":"the","start":2991.58,"end":2991.7},{"text":"floor","start":2991.7,"end":2992.1},{"text":"to","start":2992.1,"end":2992.18},{"text":"the","start":2992.18,"end":2992.26},{"text":"distinguished","start":2992.26,"end":2992.9},{"text":"representative","start":2992.9,"end":2993.7},{"text":"of","start":2993.74,"end":2993.94},{"text":"Cuba.","start":2993.94,"end":2994.34}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"6th Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair","affiliation_full":"6th Committee"}},{"statement_number":22,"start":2997.19,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c6/81/24?lang=en&t=49:58","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you very much, Madam Chair.","start":2997.19,"end":2999.63,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":2997.19,"end":2997.71},{"text":"you","start":2997.95,"end":2998.03},{"text":"very","start":2998.03,"end":2998.27},{"text":"much,","start":2998.27,"end":2998.75},{"text":"Madam","start":2998.75,"end":2999.27},{"text":"Chair.","start":2999.31,"end":2999.63}]},{"text":"The delegation of Cuba wishes to thank the ILC for establishing draft articles on the expulsion of aliens.","start":3000.59,"end":3007.55,"topics":[{"key":"expulsion-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the Expulsion Draft Articles","description":"States differed on whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on expulsion of aliens should become a binding convention, remain non-binding guidance, or continue to be examined through further dialogue and working 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reports.","start":3007.87,"end":3011.87,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3007.87,"end":3008.03},{"text":"thank","start":3008.03,"end":3008.27},{"text":"them","start":3008.27,"end":3008.39},{"text":"for","start":3008.39,"end":3008.51},{"text":"bearing","start":3008.51,"end":3008.83},{"text":"in","start":3008.83,"end":3008.91},{"text":"mind","start":3008.91,"end":3009.19},{"text":"the","start":3009.19,"end":3009.27},{"text":"considerations","start":3009.31,"end":3010.03},{"text":"of","start":3010.03,"end":3010.11},{"text":"member","start":3010.11,"end":3010.43},{"text":"states","start":3010.43,"end":3010.87},{"text":"in","start":3010.87,"end":3011.03},{"text":"their","start":3011.03,"end":3011.19},{"text":"reports.","start":3011.19,"end":3011.87}]},{"text":"At the same time, we are of the view that the draft articles established by the ILC is a valid contribution that might stand as a starting point for the establishment of an international convention on the 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using as our starting point consent of the states.","start":3023.99,"end":3027.91,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"always","start":3023.99,"end":3024.71},{"text":"using","start":3024.71,"end":3025.43},{"text":"as","start":3025.43,"end":3025.75},{"text":"our","start":3025.83,"end":3026.03},{"text":"starting","start":3026.03,"end":3026.47},{"text":"point","start":3026.47,"end":3026.71},{"text":"consent","start":3026.71,"end":3027.15},{"text":"of","start":3027.15,"end":3027.27},{"text":"the","start":3027.27,"end":3027.35},{"text":"states.","start":3027.35,"end":3027.91}]},{"text":"Cuba believes it is useful to codify the rights of persons that have been expelled or are on the verge of expulsion, bearing in mind that we bear in mind these human rights of these people being expelled.","start":3027.99,"end":3042.27,"topics":[{"key":"migrant-protections","label":"Migrant Protections","description":"Many statements focused on safeguards in expulsion proceedings, including due process, humane 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protection of the human rights of aliens or those that are about to be aliens cannot be a limit for the exercise of states laws, we must bear in mind domestic laws and the need to maintain public order.","start":3043.27,"end":3056.11,"topics":[{"key":"alien-expulsion","label":"Expulsion of Aliens","description":"Delegations debated states' authority to regulate the entry, stay, and removal of non-nationals, especially the relationship between expulsion powers, sovereignty, border control, national security, and public order."},{"key":"migrant-protections","label":"Migrant Protections","description":"Many statements focused on safeguards in expulsion proceedings, including due process, humane treatment, access to appeals, consular assistance, family unity, and protection against arbitrary or collective 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also believe it is crucial to ensure the prior notification by the state of arrival of the expulsion process so that the people concerned can have due consular representation.","start":3056.47,"end":3070.55,"topics":[{"key":"migrant-protections","label":"Migrant Protections","description":"Many statements focused on safeguards in expulsion proceedings, including due process, humane treatment, access to appeals, consular assistance, family unity, and protection against arbitrary or collective 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legislation in Cuba provides for the expulsion of aliens as something that can be applied by a tribunal to natural persons.","start":3073.07,"end":3083.39,"topics":[{"key":"alien-expulsion","label":"Expulsion of Aliens","description":"Delegations debated states' authority to regulate the entry, stay, and removal of non-nationals, especially the relationship between expulsion powers, sovereignty, border control, national security, and public 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foreign person can be expelled when the competent tribunal is of the view that, given the nature of a crime committed, the circumstances of the way in which it was perpetrated, it is clear that their remaining in the country is prejudicial.","start":3083.87,"end":3097.63,"topics":[{"key":"alien-expulsion","label":"Expulsion of Aliens","description":"Delegations debated states' authority to regulate the entry, stay, and removal of non-nationals, especially the relationship between expulsion powers, sovereignty, border control, national security, and public 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our legislation provides for the expulsion of aliens is something that can arise after the primary punishment is served and the administration of justice body has ultimate discretion to decide whether an alien must be expelled if they have been punished but before that punishment is served.","start":3097.63,"end":3118.51,"topics":[{"key":"alien-expulsion","label":"Expulsion of Aliens","description":"Delegations debated states' authority to regulate the entry, stay, and removal of non-nationals, especially the relationship between expulsion powers, sovereignty, border control, national security, and public 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if that is the case, the criminal responsibility of that person ends.","start":3120.27,"end":3123.51,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":3120.27,"end":3120.35},{"text":"if","start":3120.35,"end":3120.43},{"text":"that","start":3120.43,"end":3120.63},{"text":"is","start":3120.63,"end":3120.79},{"text":"the","start":3120.79,"end":3120.87},{"text":"case,","start":3120.87,"end":3121.19},{"text":"the","start":3121.19,"end":3121.35},{"text":"criminal","start":3121.59,"end":3121.91},{"text":"responsibility","start":3121.91,"end":3122.47},{"text":"of","start":3122.47,"end":3122.55},{"text":"that","start":3122.55,"end":3122.71},{"text":"person","start":3122.71,"end":3123.11},{"text":"ends.","start":3123.11,"end":3123.51}]},{"text":"The legally binding nature of international instruments arises from the consent that states have to the formation of international law.","start":3123.51,"end":3132.55,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":3123.51,"end":3123.87},{"text":"legally","start":3124.15,"end":3125.19},{"text":"binding","start":3125.19,"end":3125.51},{"text":"nature","start":3125.51,"end":3125.79},{"text":"of","start":3125.79,"end":3125.87},{"text":"international","start":3125.87,"end":3126.39},{"text":"instruments","start":3126.39,"end":3126.95},{"text":"arises","start":3127.03,"end":3127.59},{"text":"from","start":3127.59,"end":3127.83},{"text":"the","start":3127.83,"end":3127.95},{"text":"consent","start":3127.95,"end":3129.35},{"text":"that","start":3129.59,"end":3129.91},{"text":"states","start":3129.99,"end":3130.71},{"text":"have","start":3130.71,"end":3130.91},{"text":"to","start":3130.91,"end":3131.03},{"text":"the","start":3131.03,"end":3131.11},{"text":"formation","start":3131.11,"end":3131.55},{"text":"of","start":3131.55,"end":3131.63},{"text":"international","start":3131.63,"end":3132.47},{"text":"law.","start":3132.47,"end":3132.55}]},{"text":"We recognize the contribution made by the ILC and all its members to contribute to the progressive development of international 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we insist that we cannot consider the ILC in and of itself as a type of legislative body responsible for establishing international law 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value has been in terms of documenting the way in which states have drawn up norms and proposing matters on which states might be interested in evaluating the possibility of drawing up their own 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Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair","affiliation_full":"6th Committee"}},{"statement_number":24,"start":3181.19,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c6/81/24?lang=en&t=53:02","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Bismillahirrahmanirrahim. Thank you, Madam Chair.","start":3181.19,"end":3183.43,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Bismillahirrahmanirrahim.","start":3181.19,"end":3182.31},{"text":"Thank","start":3182.47,"end":3182.71},{"text":"you,","start":3182.71,"end":3182.79},{"text":"Madam","start":3182.79,"end":3183.11},{"text":"Chair.","start":3183.11,"end":3183.43}]},{"text":"Expulsion of aliens is a significant area of international law that deals simultaneously with both the sovereign prerogatives of states and the protection of individuals other than their nationals.","start":3184.55,"end":3197.75,"topics":[{"key":"alien-expulsion","label":"Expulsion of Aliens","description":"Delegations debated states' authority to regulate the entry, stay, and removal of non-nationals, especially the relationship between expulsion powers, sovereignty, border control, national security, and public order."}],"words":[{"text":"Expulsion","start":3184.55,"end":3185.15},{"text":"of","start":3185.15,"end":3185.27},{"text":"aliens","start":3185.27,"end":3185.75},{"text":"is","start":3185.75,"end":3185.87},{"text":"a","start":3185.87,"end":3185.91},{"text":"significant","start":3185.91,"end":3186.63},{"text":"area","start":3186.63,"end":3186.99},{"text":"of","start":3186.99,"end":3187.11},{"text":"international","start":3187.11,"end":3188.11},{"text":"law","start":3188.11,"end":3188.19},{"text":"that","start":3188.95,"end":3189.11},{"text":"deals","start":3189.11,"end":3189.59},{"text":"simultaneously","start":3189.59,"end":3190.71},{"text":"with","start":3190.75,"end":3190.91},{"text":"both","start":3190.91,"end":3191.35},{"text":"the","start":3191.51,"end":3191.63},{"text":"sovereign","start":3191.63,"end":3192.07},{"text":"prerogatives","start":3192.07,"end":3193.03},{"text":"of","start":3193.11,"end":3193.35},{"text":"states","start":3193.35,"end":3193.83},{"text":"and","start":3194.59,"end":3194.67},{"text":"the","start":3194.67,"end":3194.75},{"text":"protection","start":3194.75,"end":3195.35},{"text":"of","start":3195.35,"end":3195.43},{"text":"individuals","start":3195.43,"end":3196.31},{"text":"other","start":3196.39,"end":3196.71},{"text":"than","start":3196.71,"end":3196.95},{"text":"their","start":3196.95,"end":3197.11},{"text":"nationals.","start":3197.11,"end":3197.75}]},{"text":"Reiterating our positions expressed in the previous sessions of the Sixth Committee on this topic, we wish to touch upon a few points as follows.","start":3199.19,"end":3207.43,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Reiterating","start":3199.19,"end":3199.79},{"text":"our","start":3199.79,"end":3199.91},{"text":"positions","start":3199.91,"end":3200.55},{"text":"expressed","start":3200.55,"end":3201.07},{"text":"in","start":3201.11,"end":3201.27},{"text":"the","start":3201.27,"end":3201.35},{"text":"previous","start":3201.35,"end":3201.79},{"text":"sessions","start":3201.79,"end":3202.31},{"text":"of","start":3202.31,"end":3202.47},{"text":"the","start":3202.47,"end":3202.59},{"text":"Sixth","start":3202.59,"end":3202.91},{"text":"Committee","start":3202.91,"end":3203.27},{"text":"on","start":3203.27,"end":3203.39},{"text":"this","start":3203.39,"end":3203.59},{"text":"topic,","start":3203.59,"end":3204.07},{"text":"we","start":3204.79,"end":3204.99},{"text":"wish","start":3204.99,"end":3205.11},{"text":"to","start":3205.11,"end":3205.31},{"text":"touch","start":3205.31,"end":3205.51},{"text":"upon","start":3205.51,"end":3205.83},{"text":"a","start":3205.83,"end":3205.91},{"text":"few","start":3205.91,"end":3206.15},{"text":"points","start":3206.15,"end":3206.63},{"text":"as","start":3206.79,"end":3206.95},{"text":"follows.","start":3206.95,"end":3207.43}]},{"text":"First, while the sensitivity and significance of the matter under consideration requires that the provisions of the draft articles be based on lex lata rather than lex ferenda, It seems that the commission has gone beyond customary and treaty law and has engaged with progressive development of international law in which a state practice is still limited.","start":3208.15,"end":3231.83,"topics":[{"key":"expulsion-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the Expulsion Draft Articles","description":"States differed on whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on expulsion of aliens should become a binding convention, remain non-binding guidance, or continue to be examined through further dialogue and working 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a state has the right to expel aliens on its territory who pose a threat to its national security or public order, as well as the right to determine the components of those two concepts on the basis of its national laws and prevailing circumstances.","start":3233.19,"end":3250.47,"topics":[{"key":"alien-expulsion","label":"Expulsion of Aliens","description":"Delegations debated states' authority to regulate the entry, stay, and removal of non-nationals, especially the relationship between expulsion powers, sovereignty, border control, national security, and public order."}],"words":[{"text":"Second,","start":3233.19,"end":3233.47},{"text":"a","start":3233.47,"end":3233.51},{"text":"state","start":3234.63,"end":3235.03},{"text":"has","start":3235.03,"end":3235.27},{"text":"the","start":3235.27,"end":3235.35},{"text":"right","start":3235.35,"end":3235.71},{"text":"to","start":3235.71,"end":3235.79},{"text":"expel","start":3235.79,"end":3236.15},{"text":"aliens","start":3236.15,"end":3236.63},{"text":"on","start":3236.63,"end":3236.71},{"text":"its","start":3236.71,"end":3236.87},{"text":"territory","start":3236.87,"end":3237.59},{"text":"who","start":3238.07,"end":3238.23},{"text":"pose","start":3238.23,"end":3238.63},{"text":"a","start":3238.71,"end":3238.75},{"text":"threat","start":3238.75,"end":3239.15},{"text":"to","start":3239.15,"end":3239.23},{"text":"its","start":3239.23,"end":3239.43},{"text":"national","start":3239.43,"end":3239.83},{"text":"security","start":3239.83,"end":3240.35},{"text":"or","start":3240.35,"end":3240.55},{"text":"public","start":3240.55,"end":3240.91},{"text":"order,","start":3240.91,"end":3241.35},{"text":"as","start":3241.43,"end":3241.67},{"text":"well","start":3241.67,"end":3241.87},{"text":"as","start":3241.87,"end":3242.15},{"text":"the","start":3242.47,"end":3242.59},{"text":"right","start":3242.59,"end":3242.99},{"text":"to","start":3242.99,"end":3243.11},{"text":"determine","start":3243.11,"end":3243.67},{"text":"the","start":3243.67,"end":3243.79},{"text":"components","start":3243.79,"end":3244.63},{"text":"of","start":3244.63,"end":3244.87},{"text":"those","start":3244.87,"end":3245.19},{"text":"two","start":3245.19,"end":3245.43},{"text":"concepts","start":3245.75,"end":3246.47},{"text":"on","start":3246.47,"end":3246.55},{"text":"the","start":3246.55,"end":3246.67},{"text":"basis","start":3246.67,"end":3246.99},{"text":"of","start":3246.99,"end":3247.11},{"text":"its","start":3247.11,"end":3247.27},{"text":"national","start":3247.27,"end":3247.95},{"text":"laws","start":3247.95,"end":3248.23},{"text":"and","start":3248.55,"end":3248.79},{"text":"prevailing","start":3248.79,"end":3249.43},{"text":"circumstances.","start":3249.43,"end":3250.47}]},{"text":"It is therefore unnecessary to draw up an exhaustive list of grounds that might be invoked to justify the expulsion of aliens, nor do states have an obligation in all cases to specify the grounds for expulsion.","start":3251.63,"end":3265.03,"topics":[{"key":"alien-expulsion","label":"Expulsion of Aliens","description":"Delegations debated states' authority to regulate the entry, stay, and removal of non-nationals, especially the relationship between expulsion powers, sovereignty, border control, national security, and public order."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":3251.63,"end":3251.71},{"text":"is","start":3251.71,"end":3251.79},{"text":"therefore","start":3251.79,"end":3252.23},{"text":"unnecessary","start":3252.23,"end":3253.15},{"text":"to","start":3253.15,"end":3253.31},{"text":"draw","start":3253.31,"end":3253.71},{"text":"up","start":3253.71,"end":3253.95},{"text":"an","start":3254.31,"end":3254.43},{"text":"exhaustive","start":3254.43,"end":3255.03},{"text":"list","start":3255.03,"end":3255.27},{"text":"of","start":3255.27,"end":3255.39},{"text":"grounds","start":3255.39,"end":3256.03},{"text":"that","start":3256.11,"end":3256.35},{"text":"might","start":3256.35,"end":3256.67},{"text":"be","start":3256.67,"end":3256.83},{"text":"invoked","start":3256.83,"end":3257.51},{"text":"to","start":3257.51,"end":3257.59},{"text":"justify","start":3257.59,"end":3258.19},{"text":"the","start":3258.19,"end":3258.31},{"text":"expulsion","start":3258.31,"end":3258.87},{"text":"of","start":3258.87,"end":3258.99},{"text":"aliens,","start":3258.99,"end":3259.55},{"text":"nor","start":3260.59,"end":3260.91},{"text":"do","start":3260.91,"end":3261.15},{"text":"states","start":3261.15,"end":3261.47},{"text":"have","start":3261.47,"end":3261.63},{"text":"an","start":3261.63,"end":3261.71},{"text":"obligation","start":3261.71,"end":3262.23},{"text":"in","start":3262.23,"end":3262.35},{"text":"all","start":3262.35,"end":3262.59},{"text":"cases","start":3262.59,"end":3262.99},{"text":"to","start":3262.99,"end":3263.11},{"text":"specify","start":3263.11,"end":3263.71},{"text":"the","start":3263.71,"end":3263.83},{"text":"grounds","start":3263.83,"end":3264.27},{"text":"for","start":3264.27,"end":3264.39},{"text":"expulsion.","start":3264.39,"end":3265.03}]},{"text":"This is certainly without prejudice to the established legal fact that expulsion must be conducted with due respect for relevant applicable obligations under international law.","start":3265.95,"end":3277.19,"topics":[{"key":"alien-expulsion","label":"Expulsion of Aliens","description":"Delegations debated states' authority to regulate the entry, stay, and removal of non-nationals, especially the relationship between expulsion powers, sovereignty, border control, national security, and public order."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":3265.95,"end":3266.19},{"text":"is","start":3266.19,"end":3266.35},{"text":"certainly","start":3266.35,"end":3267.03},{"text":"without","start":3267.03,"end":3267.35},{"text":"prejudice","start":3267.35,"end":3268.11},{"text":"to","start":3268.19,"end":3268.31},{"text":"the","start":3268.31,"end":3268.39},{"text":"established","start":3268.39,"end":3269.03},{"text":"legal","start":3269.03,"end":3269.31},{"text":"fact","start":3269.31,"end":3269.79},{"text":"that","start":3270.35,"end":3270.51},{"text":"expulsion","start":3270.51,"end":3271.15},{"text":"must","start":3271.15,"end":3271.43},{"text":"be","start":3271.43,"end":3271.51},{"text":"conducted","start":3271.51,"end":3272.19},{"text":"with","start":3272.19,"end":3272.43},{"text":"due","start":3272.43,"end":3272.59},{"text":"respect","start":3272.59,"end":3273.23},{"text":"for","start":3273.79,"end":3274.03},{"text":"relevant","start":3274.03,"end":3274.43},{"text":"applicable","start":3274.43,"end":3274.99},{"text":"obligations","start":3274.99,"end":3275.79},{"text":"under","start":3275.95,"end":3276.27},{"text":"international","start":3276.27,"end":3277.11},{"text":"law.","start":3277.11,"end":3277.19}]},{"text":"Third, With respect to appeal against expulsion, it is noteworthy that many national laws make no provision for such appeals, and there is serious doubt about the existence of customary rules in that area.","start":3280.11,"end":3293.95,"topics":[{"key":"migrant-protections","label":"Migrant Protections","description":"Many statements focused on safeguards in expulsion proceedings, including due process, humane treatment, access to appeals, consular assistance, family unity, and protection against arbitrary or collective expulsion."}],"words":[{"text":"Third,","start":3280.11,"end":3280.43},{"text":"With","start":3281.55,"end":3281.71},{"text":"respect","start":3281.71,"end":3282.15},{"text":"to","start":3282.15,"end":3282.23},{"text":"appeal","start":3282.23,"end":3282.75},{"text":"against","start":3282.75,"end":3283.19},{"text":"expulsion,","start":3283.23,"end":3283.95},{"text":"it","start":3283.95,"end":3284.11},{"text":"is","start":3284.11,"end":3284.35},{"text":"noteworthy","start":3284.35,"end":3285.23},{"text":"that","start":3285.71,"end":3285.87},{"text":"many","start":3285.87,"end":3286.27},{"text":"national","start":3286.27,"end":3286.87},{"text":"laws","start":3286.87,"end":3287.15},{"text":"make","start":3287.15,"end":3287.39},{"text":"no","start":3287.39,"end":3287.63},{"text":"provision","start":3287.63,"end":3288.11},{"text":"for","start":3288.11,"end":3288.35},{"text":"such","start":3288.35,"end":3288.59},{"text":"appeals,","start":3288.59,"end":3289.15},{"text":"and","start":3289.79,"end":3289.95},{"text":"there","start":3289.95,"end":3290.11},{"text":"is","start":3290.11,"end":3290.27},{"text":"serious","start":3290.27,"end":3290.59},{"text":"doubt","start":3290.59,"end":3291.07},{"text":"about","start":3291.07,"end":3291.43},{"text":"the","start":3291.43,"end":3291.51},{"text":"existence","start":3291.51,"end":3292.19},{"text":"of","start":3292.19,"end":3292.27},{"text":"customary","start":3292.27,"end":3292.87},{"text":"rules","start":3292.87,"end":3293.15},{"text":"in","start":3293.15,"end":3293.31},{"text":"that","start":3293.31,"end":3293.55},{"text":"area.","start":3293.55,"end":3293.95}]},{"text":"It seems that the draft articles, by granting unlawful aliens the right to challenge an expulsion decision, has gone beyond existing treaty and customary law.","start":3294.91,"end":3305.23,"topics":[{"key":"migrant-protections","label":"Migrant Protections","description":"Many statements focused on safeguards in expulsion proceedings, including due process, humane treatment, access to appeals, consular assistance, family unity, and protection against arbitrary or collective expulsion."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":3294.91,"end":3295.07},{"text":"seems","start":3295.07,"end":3295.31},{"text":"that","start":3295.31,"end":3295.55},{"text":"the","start":3295.55,"end":3295.67},{"text":"draft","start":3295.67,"end":3296.15},{"text":"articles,","start":3296.15,"end":3296.91},{"text":"by","start":3296.91,"end":3297.39},{"text":"granting","start":3297.39,"end":3297.95},{"text":"unlawful","start":3297.95,"end":3298.51},{"text":"aliens","start":3298.51,"end":3299.07},{"text":"the","start":3299.07,"end":3299.19},{"text":"right","start":3299.19,"end":3299.59},{"text":"to","start":3299.59,"end":3299.67},{"text":"challenge","start":3299.67,"end":3300.07},{"text":"an","start":3300.07,"end":3300.19},{"text":"expulsion","start":3300.19,"end":3300.99},{"text":"decision,","start":3300.99,"end":3301.55},{"text":"has","start":3302.19,"end":3302.43},{"text":"gone","start":3302.43,"end":3302.83},{"text":"beyond","start":3302.83,"end":3303.23},{"text":"existing","start":3303.23,"end":3303.71},{"text":"treaty","start":3303.71,"end":3304.27},{"text":"and","start":3304.27,"end":3304.47},{"text":"customary","start":3304.47,"end":3304.99},{"text":"law.","start":3304.99,"end":3305.23}]},{"text":"Accordingly, equal treatment to aliens who are lawfully and those who are unlawfully present in a state's territory could create an incentive for illegal immigration.","start":3306.27,"end":3316.99,"topics":[{"key":"migrant-protections","label":"Migrant Protections","description":"Many statements focused on safeguards in expulsion proceedings, including due process, humane treatment, access to appeals, consular assistance, family unity, and protection against arbitrary or collective 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being said, we are of the view that the idea of drafting a convention and convening a diplomatic conference and the elaboration thereof is still premature.","start":3318.35,"end":3327.47,"topics":[{"key":"expulsion-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the Expulsion Draft Articles","description":"States differed on whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on expulsion of aliens should become a binding convention, remain non-binding guidance, or continue to be examined through further dialogue and working 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thank you.","start":3327.79,"end":3330.99,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":3327.79,"end":3327.87},{"text":"thank","start":3327.87,"end":3328.19},{"text":"you.","start":3330.91,"end":3330.99}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"IRN","group":null,"function":null,"affiliation_full":"Iran (Islamic Republic of)"}},{"statement_number":25,"start":3331.07,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c6/81/24?lang=en&t=55:32","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of the Islamic Republic of Iran, and I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Haiti.","start":3331.07,"end":3338.19,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":3331.07,"end":3331.23},{"text":"thank","start":3331.23,"end":3331.55},{"text":"the","start":3331.55,"end":3331.63},{"text":"distinguished","start":3331.63,"end":3332.35},{"text":"representative","start":3332.35,"end":3333.15},{"text":"of","start":3333.15,"end":3333.31},{"text":"the","start":3333.35,"end":3333.43},{"text":"Islamic","start":3333.43,"end":3333.87},{"text":"Republic","start":3333.87,"end":3334.35},{"text":"of","start":3334.35,"end":3334.51},{"text":"Iran,","start":3334.55,"end":3334.87},{"text":"and","start":3334.87,"end":3335.11},{"text":"I","start":3335.11,"end":3335.15},{"text":"give","start":3335.15,"end":3335.39},{"text":"the","start":3335.39,"end":3335.51},{"text":"floor","start":3335.51,"end":3335.87},{"text":"to","start":3335.87,"end":3335.99},{"text":"the","start":3335.99,"end":3336.07},{"text":"distinguished","start":3336.07,"end":3336.67},{"text":"representative","start":3336.67,"end":3337.47},{"text":"of","start":3337.51,"end":3337.63},{"text":"Haiti.","start":3337.63,"end":3338.19}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"6th Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair","affiliation_full":"6th Committee"}},{"statement_number":26,"start":3349.43,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c6/81/24?lang=en&t=55:50","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Madam Chair, for giving me the floor.","start":3349.43,"end":3352.23,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":3349.43,"end":3349.75},{"text":"you,","start":3349.75,"end":3349.91},{"text":"Madam","start":3349.99,"end":3350.31},{"text":"Chair,","start":3350.31,"end":3350.79},{"text":"for","start":3350.95,"end":3351.11},{"text":"giving","start":3351.11,"end":3351.39},{"text":"me","start":3351.39,"end":3351.59},{"text":"the","start":3351.59,"end":3351.75},{"text":"floor.","start":3351.75,"end":3352.23}]},{"text":"Madam Chair, my delegation is honored to take the floor under agenda item 80 on the expulsion of aliens.","start":3353.11,"end":3361.27,"topics":[{"key":"alien-expulsion","label":"Expulsion of Aliens","description":"Delegations debated states' authority to regulate the entry, stay, and removal of non-nationals, especially the relationship between expulsion powers, sovereignty, border control, national security, and public 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rightfully recalled by the Haitian Prime Minister's Excellency, Alexis Delfi, during his intervention in the general debate, border protection and respect for human dignity are not incompatible.","start":3401.03,"end":3414.11,"topics":[{"key":"migrant-protections","label":"Migrant Protections","description":"Many statements focused on safeguards in expulsion proceedings, including due process, humane treatment, access to appeals, consular assistance, family unity, and protection against arbitrary or collective 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conviction guides our approach toward the issue of migration.","start":3429.71,"end":3433.31,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":3429.71,"end":3429.95},{"text":"conviction","start":3429.95,"end":3430.59},{"text":"guides","start":3430.59,"end":3431.07},{"text":"our","start":3431.07,"end":3431.27},{"text":"approach","start":3431.27,"end":3431.59},{"text":"toward","start":3431.59,"end":3432.03},{"text":"the","start":3432.03,"end":3432.11},{"text":"issue","start":3432.11,"end":3432.35},{"text":"of","start":3432.35,"end":3432.43},{"text":"migration.","start":3432.43,"end":3433.31}]},{"text":"Border control is a legitimate prerogative of states.","start":3433.63,"end":3437.15,"topics":[{"key":"alien-expulsion","label":"Expulsion of Aliens","description":"Delegations debated states' authority to regulate the entry, stay, and removal of non-nationals, especially the relationship between expulsion powers, sovereignty, border control, national security, and public 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elements of rule of law.","start":3457.27,"end":3473.43,"topics":[{"key":"rule-of-law","label":"Rule of Law","description":"Speakers stressed the importance of strengthening the rule of law at both the national and international levels as a basis for rights protection, accountability, peaceful dispute settlement, and stable multilateral relations."},{"key":"migrant-protections","label":"Migrant Protections","description":"Many statements focused on safeguards in expulsion proceedings, including due process, humane treatment, access to appeals, consular assistance, family unity, and protection against arbitrary or collective 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attention should also be paid to persons who are in vulnerable situations, especially children, families, and persons who may incur serious risks upon being repatriated.","start":3474.47,"end":3487.71,"topics":[{"key":"migrant-protections","label":"Migrant Protections","description":"Many statements focused on safeguards in expulsion proceedings, including due process, humane treatment, access to appeals, consular assistance, family unity, and protection against arbitrary or collective expulsion."},{"key":"non-refoulement","label":"Non-Refoulement","description":"Several delegations discussed the scope and legal status of non-refoulement, including whether people may be returned to places where they face persecution, torture, death, or other serious harm."}],"words":[{"text":"Particular","start":3474.47,"end":3474.87},{"text":"attention","start":3474.87,"end":3475.15},{"text":"should","start":3475.15,"end":3475.27},{"text":"also","start":3475.27,"end":3475.43},{"text":"be","start":3475.43,"end":3475.51},{"text":"paid","start":3475.51,"end":3475.63},{"text":"to","start":3475.63,"end":3475.95},{"text":"persons","start":3475.95,"end":3476.51},{"text":"who","start":3476.51,"end":3476.99},{"text":"are","start":3477.15,"end":3477.47},{"text":"in","start":3477.47,"end":3477.63},{"text":"vulnerable","start":3477.63,"end":3478.11},{"text":"situations,","start":3478.11,"end":3479.07},{"text":"especially","start":3479.07,"end":3479.71},{"text":"children,","start":3479.71,"end":3480.51},{"text":"families,","start":3480.75,"end":3481.55},{"text":"and","start":3481.63,"end":3482.03},{"text":"persons","start":3482.03,"end":3482.83},{"text":"who","start":3483.39,"end":3483.71},{"text":"may","start":3484.11,"end":3484.27},{"text":"incur","start":3484.27,"end":3484.67},{"text":"serious","start":3484.67,"end":3485.23},{"text":"risks","start":3485.23,"end":3485.83},{"text":"upon","start":3485.83,"end":3486.43},{"text":"being","start":3486.51,"end":3486.75},{"text":"repatriated.","start":3486.75,"end":3487.71}]},{"text":"Expulsion measures should be implemented in keeping with the relevant international obligations, especially when the principle of non-refoulement ought to apply.","start":3488.11,"end":3497.07,"topics":[{"key":"non-refoulement","label":"Non-Refoulement","description":"Several delegations discussed the scope and legal status of non-refoulement, including whether people may be returned to places where they face persecution, torture, death, or other serious harm."},{"key":"alien-expulsion","label":"Expulsion of Aliens","description":"Delegations debated states' authority to regulate the entry, stay, and removal of non-nationals, especially the relationship between expulsion powers, sovereignty, border control, national security, and public 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Chair, the situation of Haitian nationals abroad mean that this situation is a particular concern for my country.","start":3497.95,"end":3507.63,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":3497.95,"end":3498.27},{"text":"Chair,","start":3498.27,"end":3498.67},{"text":"the","start":3499.23,"end":3499.43},{"text":"situation","start":3499.87,"end":3500.55},{"text":"of","start":3500.55,"end":3500.67},{"text":"Haitian","start":3500.67,"end":3501.11},{"text":"nationals","start":3501.11,"end":3502.03},{"text":"abroad","start":3502.43,"end":3503.31},{"text":"mean","start":3504.11,"end":3504.19},{"text":"that","start":3504.19,"end":3504.43},{"text":"this","start":3504.43,"end":3504.63},{"text":"situation","start":3504.63,"end":3505.39},{"text":"is","start":3505.47,"end":3505.67},{"text":"a","start":3505.67,"end":3505.71},{"text":"particular","start":3505.71,"end":3506.19},{"text":"concern","start":3506.19,"end":3506.59},{"text":"for","start":3506.59,"end":3506.75},{"text":"my","start":3506.75,"end":3506.99},{"text":"country.","start":3506.99,"end":3507.63}]},{"text":"For generations now, Haitians living abroad are contributing to the economic, social, and cultural lives of the societies that host them.","start":3507.95,"end":3516.43,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"For","start":3507.95,"end":3508.11},{"text":"generations","start":3508.11,"end":3508.75},{"text":"now,","start":3508.75,"end":3509.15},{"text":"Haitians","start":3509.87,"end":3510.43},{"text":"living","start":3510.43,"end":3510.67},{"text":"abroad","start":3510.67,"end":3511.31},{"text":"are","start":3511.35,"end":3511.47},{"text":"contributing","start":3511.47,"end":3512.19},{"text":"to","start":3512.19,"end":3512.35},{"text":"the","start":3512.35,"end":3512.47},{"text":"economic,","start":3512.51,"end":3513.07},{"text":"social,","start":3513.07,"end":3513.43},{"text":"and","start":3513.43,"end":3513.55},{"text":"cultural","start":3513.55,"end":3514.35},{"text":"lives","start":3514.35,"end":3514.75},{"text":"of","start":3514.83,"end":3514.99},{"text":"the","start":3514.99,"end":3515.07},{"text":"societies","start":3515.07,"end":3515.59},{"text":"that","start":3515.59,"end":3515.71},{"text":"host","start":3515.71,"end":3516.03},{"text":"them.","start":3516.03,"end":3516.43}]},{"text":"Haiti thanks the states that have provided them with the opportunity to integrate and that have provided them with a treatment that keeps in mind their dignity.","start":3516.75,"end":3527.91,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Haiti","start":3516.75,"end":3517.39},{"text":"thanks","start":3517.95,"end":3518.43},{"text":"the","start":3518.59,"end":3518.75},{"text":"states","start":3518.75,"end":3519.15},{"text":"that","start":3519.15,"end":3519.31},{"text":"have","start":3519.31,"end":3519.71},{"text":"provided","start":3519.71,"end":3520.11},{"text":"them","start":3520.11,"end":3520.27},{"text":"with","start":3520.27,"end":3520.59},{"text":"the","start":3520.67,"end":3520.75},{"text":"opportunity","start":3520.75,"end":3521.39},{"text":"to","start":3521.39,"end":3521.55},{"text":"integrate","start":3521.55,"end":3522.35},{"text":"and","start":3522.67,"end":3522.99},{"text":"that","start":3522.99,"end":3523.15},{"text":"have","start":3523.15,"end":3523.35},{"text":"provided","start":3523.35,"end":3523.71},{"text":"them","start":3523.71,"end":3523.87},{"text":"with","start":3523.87,"end":3524.27},{"text":"a","start":3524.83,"end":3524.87},{"text":"treatment","start":3524.87,"end":3525.55},{"text":"that","start":3525.55,"end":3526.03},{"text":"keeps","start":3526.59,"end":3526.87},{"text":"in","start":3526.87,"end":3527.03},{"text":"mind","start":3527.03,"end":3527.23},{"text":"their","start":3527.23,"end":3527.35},{"text":"dignity.","start":3527.35,"end":3527.91}]},{"text":"At the same time, we are aware that modern migration often is the outcome of factors that transcend an individual decision to migrate.","start":3528.31,"end":3538.39,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"At","start":3528.31,"end":3528.43},{"text":"the","start":3528.43,"end":3528.55},{"text":"same","start":3528.55,"end":3528.79},{"text":"time,","start":3528.79,"end":3529.19},{"text":"we","start":3529.19,"end":3529.51},{"text":"are","start":3529.51,"end":3529.67},{"text":"aware","start":3529.67,"end":3529.99},{"text":"that","start":3529.99,"end":3530.47},{"text":"modern","start":3530.63,"end":3531.11},{"text":"migration","start":3531.11,"end":3531.99},{"text":"often","start":3531.99,"end":3532.43},{"text":"is","start":3532.43,"end":3532.55},{"text":"the","start":3532.55,"end":3532.75},{"text":"outcome","start":3532.75,"end":3533.27},{"text":"of","start":3533.31,"end":3533.51},{"text":"factors","start":3533.51,"end":3534.23},{"text":"that","start":3534.23,"end":3534.51},{"text":"transcend","start":3534.51,"end":3535.19},{"text":"an","start":3535.63,"end":3535.83},{"text":"individual","start":3535.83,"end":3536.95},{"text":"decision","start":3536.95,"end":3537.55},{"text":"to","start":3537.55,"end":3537.67},{"text":"migrate.","start":3537.67,"end":3538.39}]},{"text":"Security crises, economic difficulties, disasters, and the lack of any prospects for a future can force people to leave their countries.","start":3538.71,"end":3547.35,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Security","start":3538.71,"end":3539.27},{"text":"crises,","start":3539.27,"end":3539.83},{"text":"economic","start":3539.83,"end":3540.31},{"text":"difficulties,","start":3540.31,"end":3541.35},{"text":"disasters,","start":3541.35,"end":3542.39},{"text":"and","start":3542.55,"end":3542.91},{"text":"the","start":3543.27,"end":3543.35},{"text":"lack","start":3543.35,"end":3543.83},{"text":"of","start":3543.83,"end":3543.95},{"text":"any","start":3543.95,"end":3544.15},{"text":"prospects","start":3544.15,"end":3544.63},{"text":"for","start":3544.63,"end":3544.83},{"text":"a","start":3544.83,"end":3544.87},{"text":"future","start":3544.87,"end":3545.43},{"text":"can","start":3545.43,"end":3545.59},{"text":"force","start":3545.59,"end":3545.91},{"text":"people","start":3545.91,"end":3546.19},{"text":"to","start":3546.19,"end":3546.27},{"text":"leave","start":3546.27,"end":3546.51},{"text":"their","start":3546.51,"end":3546.63},{"text":"countries.","start":3546.63,"end":3547.35}]},{"text":"The crisis that Haiti is currently experiencing has also led to the displacement and exodus of thousands of our compatriots.","start":3548.07,"end":3555.75,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":3548.07,"end":3548.11},{"text":"crisis","start":3548.15,"end":3548.71},{"text":"that","start":3548.71,"end":3548.95},{"text":"Haiti","start":3548.95,"end":3549.43},{"text":"is","start":3549.43,"end":3549.59},{"text":"currently","start":3549.59,"end":3550.15},{"text":"experiencing","start":3550.15,"end":3551.07},{"text":"has","start":3551.07,"end":3551.19},{"text":"also","start":3551.19,"end":3551.39},{"text":"led","start":3551.39,"end":3551.59},{"text":"to","start":3551.59,"end":3551.79},{"text":"the","start":3551.79,"end":3552.03},{"text":"displacement","start":3552.07,"end":3552.99},{"text":"and","start":3552.99,"end":3553.11},{"text":"exodus","start":3553.11,"end":3553.63},{"text":"of","start":3553.63,"end":3553.91},{"text":"thousands","start":3554.07,"end":3554.55},{"text":"of","start":3554.55,"end":3554.63},{"text":"our","start":3554.63,"end":3554.87},{"text":"compatriots.","start":3554.87,"end":3555.75}]},{"text":"That is why the response to the issue of expulsion cannot be separated from a broader reflection on the root causes of migration.","start":3556.15,"end":3563.51,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"That","start":3556.15,"end":3556.31},{"text":"is","start":3556.31,"end":3556.47},{"text":"why","start":3556.47,"end":3556.71},{"text":"the","start":3556.71,"end":3556.83},{"text":"response","start":3556.83,"end":3557.35},{"text":"to","start":3557.35,"end":3557.47},{"text":"the","start":3557.51,"end":3557.63},{"text":"issue","start":3557.63,"end":3557.79},{"text":"of","start":3557.79,"end":3557.91},{"text":"expulsion","start":3557.91,"end":3558.55},{"text":"cannot","start":3558.55,"end":3559.11},{"text":"be","start":3559.19,"end":3559.35},{"text":"separated","start":3559.35,"end":3559.99},{"text":"from","start":3559.99,"end":3560.27},{"text":"a","start":3560.27,"end":3560.31},{"text":"broader","start":3560.31,"end":3560.91},{"text":"reflection","start":3560.91,"end":3561.51},{"text":"on","start":3561.51,"end":3561.75},{"text":"the","start":3561.75,"end":3561.95},{"text":"root","start":3561.99,"end":3562.23},{"text":"causes","start":3562.23,"end":3562.63},{"text":"of","start":3562.63,"end":3562.71},{"text":"migration.","start":3562.71,"end":3563.51}]},{"text":"Responsibility should be shared between the countries of origin, transit, and destination.","start":3564.47,"end":3569.19,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Responsibility","start":3564.47,"end":3565.31},{"text":"should","start":3565.31,"end":3565.43},{"text":"be","start":3565.43,"end":3565.59},{"text":"shared","start":3565.59,"end":3565.83},{"text":"between","start":3565.83,"end":3566.19},{"text":"the","start":3566.19,"end":3566.27},{"text":"countries","start":3566.27,"end":3566.71},{"text":"of","start":3566.71,"end":3566.79},{"text":"origin,","start":3566.79,"end":3567.27},{"text":"transit,","start":3567.27,"end":3567.91},{"text":"and","start":3567.91,"end":3568.19},{"text":"destination.","start":3568.19,"end":3569.19}]},{"text":"This requires policies that combine security, development, cooperation, and respect for fundamental rights.","start":3571.51,"end":3577.47,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":3571.51,"end":3571.63},{"text":"requires","start":3571.63,"end":3572.19},{"text":"policies","start":3572.19,"end":3572.91},{"text":"that","start":3572.91,"end":3573.23},{"text":"combine","start":3573.23,"end":3573.71},{"text":"security,","start":3573.71,"end":3574.35},{"text":"development,","start":3574.35,"end":3575.03},{"text":"cooperation,","start":3575.03,"end":3575.79},{"text":"and","start":3575.79,"end":3575.95},{"text":"respect","start":3575.95,"end":3576.35},{"text":"for","start":3576.35,"end":3576.47},{"text":"fundamental","start":3576.47,"end":3577.07},{"text":"rights.","start":3577.07,"end":3577.47}]},{"text":"For Haiti, this responsibility begins with the ability of a state to create conditions that allow its citizens to live, work, and build a future in their own country of origin.","start":3577.71,"end":3591.55,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"For","start":3577.71,"end":3577.95},{"text":"Haiti,","start":3577.95,"end":3578.43},{"text":"this","start":3578.43,"end":3578.75},{"text":"responsibility","start":3578.75,"end":3579.63},{"text":"begins","start":3579.63,"end":3580.27},{"text":"with","start":3580.27,"end":3580.55},{"text":"the","start":3580.55,"end":3580.63},{"text":"ability","start":3580.67,"end":3581.31},{"text":"of","start":3581.31,"end":3581.63},{"text":"a","start":3581.71,"end":3581.79},{"text":"state","start":3581.79,"end":3582.43},{"text":"to","start":3582.91,"end":3583.07},{"text":"create","start":3583.23,"end":3583.79},{"text":"conditions","start":3583.79,"end":3584.67},{"text":"that","start":3584.99,"end":3585.15},{"text":"allow","start":3585.15,"end":3585.63},{"text":"its","start":3585.63,"end":3585.95},{"text":"citizens","start":3585.95,"end":3586.51},{"text":"to","start":3586.51,"end":3586.67},{"text":"live,","start":3586.67,"end":3587.23},{"text":"work,","start":3587.31,"end":3587.87},{"text":"and","start":3588.11,"end":3588.43},{"text":"build","start":3588.43,"end":3588.91},{"text":"a","start":3588.91,"end":3588.99},{"text":"future","start":3588.99,"end":3589.55},{"text":"in","start":3589.55,"end":3589.71},{"text":"their","start":3589.71,"end":3589.95},{"text":"own","start":3589.95,"end":3590.27},{"text":"country","start":3590.27,"end":3590.87},{"text":"of","start":3590.87,"end":3590.99},{"text":"origin.","start":3590.99,"end":3591.55}]},{"text":"To this end, the government of Haiti has focused its action on restoring security, holding elections, and on ensuring economic recovery.","start":3592.51,"end":3601.47,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"To","start":3592.51,"end":3592.55},{"text":"this","start":3592.55,"end":3592.79},{"text":"end,","start":3592.79,"end":3592.95},{"text":"the","start":3592.95,"end":3593.03},{"text":"government","start":3593.03,"end":3593.59},{"text":"of","start":3593.59,"end":3593.79},{"text":"Haiti","start":3593.79,"end":3594.59},{"text":"has","start":3594.67,"end":3595.11},{"text":"focused","start":3595.11,"end":3595.47},{"text":"its","start":3595.47,"end":3595.63},{"text":"action","start":3595.63,"end":3596.11},{"text":"on","start":3596.11,"end":3596.35},{"text":"restoring","start":3596.35,"end":3596.99},{"text":"security,","start":3596.99,"end":3597.71},{"text":"holding","start":3597.71,"end":3597.99},{"text":"elections,","start":3597.99,"end":3598.75},{"text":"and","start":3598.83,"end":3599.31},{"text":"on","start":3599.55,"end":3599.87},{"text":"ensuring","start":3600.03,"end":3600.39},{"text":"economic","start":3600.39,"end":3600.75},{"text":"recovery.","start":3600.75,"end":3601.47}]},{"text":"These three priorities are directly linked to the need to create conditions conducive to a gradual return to stability and to reduce factors that fuel forced migration.","start":3601.63,"end":3614.35,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"These","start":3601.63,"end":3601.83},{"text":"three","start":3601.83,"end":3602.03},{"text":"priorities","start":3602.03,"end":3602.75},{"text":"are","start":3602.75,"end":3602.83},{"text":"directly","start":3602.83,"end":3603.31},{"text":"linked","start":3603.31,"end":3603.83},{"text":"to","start":3603.83,"end":3604.11},{"text":"the","start":3604.43,"end":3604.55},{"text":"need","start":3604.59,"end":3604.99},{"text":"to","start":3604.99,"end":3605.23},{"text":"create","start":3605.23,"end":3605.87},{"text":"conditions","start":3605.95,"end":3606.59},{"text":"conducive","start":3606.59,"end":3607.31},{"text":"to","start":3607.31,"end":3607.71},{"text":"a","start":3607.95,"end":3607.99},{"text":"gradual","start":3607.99,"end":3608.47},{"text":"return","start":3608.47,"end":3609.07},{"text":"to","start":3609.07,"end":3609.23},{"text":"stability","start":3609.23,"end":3609.87},{"text":"and","start":3610.27,"end":3610.55},{"text":"to","start":3610.55,"end":3610.63},{"text":"reduce","start":3610.63,"end":3611.23},{"text":"factors","start":3611.31,"end":3611.87},{"text":"that","start":3611.87,"end":3612.11},{"text":"fuel","start":3612.11,"end":3612.75},{"text":"forced","start":3612.75,"end":3613.23},{"text":"migration.","start":3613.23,"end":3614.35}]},{"text":"My delegation believes that expulsion policies ought to be accompanied by effective cooperation with the countries of origin, adherence to consular procedures, cooperation between competent authorities, access to information, and repatriation that takes place under safe, orderly conditions that are respectful of human dignity are all vital for responsible management of migration.","start":3614.83,"end":3644.35,"topics":[{"key":"migrant-protections","label":"Migrant Protections","description":"Many statements focused on safeguards in expulsion proceedings, including due process, humane treatment, access to appeals, consular assistance, family unity, and protection against arbitrary or collective expulsion."}],"words":[{"text":"My","start":3614.83,"end":3614.91},{"text":"delegation","start":3614.91,"end":3615.87},{"text":"believes","start":3616.51,"end":3616.95},{"text":"that","start":3616.99,"end":3617.39},{"text":"expulsion","start":3617.79,"end":3618.51},{"text":"policies","start":3618.51,"end":3619.31},{"text":"ought","start":3619.31,"end":3619.59},{"text":"to","start":3619.59,"end":3619.67},{"text":"be","start":3619.67,"end":3620.11},{"text":"accompanied","start":3620.11,"end":3621.23},{"text":"by","start":3622.15,"end":3622.23},{"text":"effective","start":3622.23,"end":3622.71},{"text":"cooperation","start":3622.71,"end":3623.59},{"text":"with","start":3623.59,"end":3623.87},{"text":"the","start":3623.87,"end":3623.95},{"text":"countries","start":3623.99,"end":3624.47},{"text":"of","start":3624.47,"end":3624.55},{"text":"origin,","start":3624.55,"end":3625.19},{"text":"adherence","start":3626.15,"end":3626.63},{"text":"to","start":3626.63,"end":3626.83},{"text":"consular","start":3627.27,"end":3627.83},{"text":"procedures,","start":3627.83,"end":3628.79},{"text":"cooperation","start":3628.99,"end":3629.71},{"text":"between","start":3629.71,"end":3630.15},{"text":"competent","start":3630.15,"end":3630.63},{"text":"authorities,","start":3630.63,"end":3631.27},{"text":"access","start":3631.27,"end":3631.67},{"text":"to","start":3631.67,"end":3631.83},{"text":"information,","start":3631.83,"end":3632.63},{"text":"and","start":3633.71,"end":3633.95},{"text":"repatriation","start":3634.11,"end":3634.91},{"text":"that","start":3634.91,"end":3635.11},{"text":"takes","start":3635.11,"end":3635.27},{"text":"place","start":3635.27,"end":3635.71},{"text":"under","start":3636.15,"end":3636.43},{"text":"safe,","start":3636.43,"end":3636.91},{"text":"orderly","start":3636.91,"end":3637.55},{"text":"conditions","start":3637.79,"end":3638.59},{"text":"that","start":3638.59,"end":3638.87},{"text":"are","start":3638.87,"end":3638.95},{"text":"respectful","start":3638.95,"end":3639.51},{"text":"of","start":3639.51,"end":3639.59},{"text":"human","start":3639.59,"end":3639.87},{"text":"dignity","start":3639.87,"end":3640.51},{"text":"are","start":3640.83,"end":3641.07},{"text":"all","start":3641.07,"end":3641.31},{"text":"vital","start":3641.31,"end":3641.79},{"text":"for","start":3641.79,"end":3642.39},{"text":"responsible","start":3642.39,"end":3642.99},{"text":"management","start":3642.99,"end":3643.43},{"text":"of","start":3643.43,"end":3643.55},{"text":"migration.","start":3643.55,"end":3644.35}]},{"text":"This is why the prime minister of our country has said, \"I would like to firmly recall our commitment to respect for the dignity and fundamental rights of all migrants.","start":3644.67,"end":3653.31,"topics":[{"key":"migrant-protections","label":"Migrant Protections","description":"Many statements focused on safeguards in expulsion proceedings, including due process, humane treatment, access to appeals, consular assistance, family unity, and protection against arbitrary or collective expulsion."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":3644.67,"end":3644.83},{"text":"is","start":3644.83,"end":3644.99},{"text":"why","start":3644.99,"end":3645.07},{"text":"the","start":3645.07,"end":3645.23},{"text":"prime","start":3645.23,"end":3645.51},{"text":"minister","start":3645.51,"end":3646.03},{"text":"of","start":3646.03,"end":3646.11},{"text":"our","start":3646.11,"end":3646.27},{"text":"country","start":3646.27,"end":3646.59},{"text":"has","start":3646.59,"end":3646.83},{"text":"said,","start":3646.83,"end":3647.15},{"text":"\"I","start":3647.15,"end":3647.31},{"text":"would","start":3647.31,"end":3647.47},{"text":"like","start":3647.47,"end":3647.71},{"text":"to","start":3647.71,"end":3648.03},{"text":"firmly","start":3648.19,"end":3648.59},{"text":"recall","start":3648.59,"end":3649.07},{"text":"our","start":3649.07,"end":3649.31},{"text":"commitment","start":3649.31,"end":3650.03},{"text":"to","start":3650.35,"end":3650.51},{"text":"respect","start":3650.51,"end":3650.95},{"text":"for","start":3650.95,"end":3651.07},{"text":"the","start":3651.07,"end":3651.15},{"text":"dignity","start":3651.15,"end":3651.59},{"text":"and","start":3651.59,"end":3651.71},{"text":"fundamental","start":3651.71,"end":3652.15},{"text":"rights","start":3652.15,"end":3652.35},{"text":"of","start":3652.35,"end":3652.43},{"text":"all","start":3652.43,"end":3652.67},{"text":"migrants.","start":3652.67,"end":3653.31}]},{"text":"Regardless of their situation, no circumstance can justify the trampling of their dignity.\"","start":3653.71,"end":3659.15,"topics":[{"key":"migrant-protections","label":"Migrant Protections","description":"Many statements focused on safeguards in expulsion proceedings, including due process, humane treatment, access to appeals, consular assistance, family unity, and protection against arbitrary or collective expulsion."}],"words":[{"text":"Regardless","start":3653.71,"end":3654.11},{"text":"of","start":3654.11,"end":3654.19},{"text":"their","start":3654.19,"end":3654.31},{"text":"situation,","start":3654.31,"end":3655.07},{"text":"no","start":3655.31,"end":3655.51},{"text":"circumstance","start":3655.51,"end":3656.19},{"text":"can","start":3656.19,"end":3656.35},{"text":"justify","start":3656.35,"end":3657.15},{"text":"the","start":3657.79,"end":3657.87},{"text":"trampling","start":3657.87,"end":3658.31},{"text":"of","start":3658.31,"end":3658.39},{"text":"their","start":3658.39,"end":3658.51},{"text":"dignity.\"","start":3658.51,"end":3659.15}]},{"text":"The fate of migrants requires us to shoulder a shared responsibility and to provide sustainable responses.\"","start":3659.71,"end":3667.07,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":3659.71,"end":3659.75},{"text":"fate","start":3659.75,"end":3660.11},{"text":"of","start":3660.11,"end":3660.19},{"text":"migrants","start":3660.19,"end":3660.91},{"text":"requires","start":3660.91,"end":3661.55},{"text":"us","start":3661.55,"end":3661.71},{"text":"to","start":3661.71,"end":3662.03},{"text":"shoulder","start":3662.03,"end":3662.63},{"text":"a","start":3662.63,"end":3662.67},{"text":"shared","start":3662.67,"end":3662.99},{"text":"responsibility","start":3662.99,"end":3664.03},{"text":"and","start":3664.03,"end":3664.23},{"text":"to","start":3664.23,"end":3664.31},{"text":"provide","start":3664.31,"end":3664.83},{"text":"sustainable","start":3665.79,"end":3666.27},{"text":"responses.\"","start":3666.27,"end":3667.07}]},{"text":"End quote.","start":3667.23,"end":3667.79,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"End","start":3667.23,"end":3667.39},{"text":"quote.","start":3667.39,"end":3667.79}]},{"text":"Madam Chair, Haiti remains concerned by all practices that could lead to arbitrary or collective expulsions, to the unjustified separation of families, or to the repatriation of persons into situations where they run risks that are incompatible with the international obligations of the state carrying out the expulsion.","start":3668.51,"end":3689.47,"topics":[{"key":"migrant-protections","label":"Migrant Protections","description":"Many statements focused on safeguards in expulsion proceedings, including due process, humane treatment, access to appeals, consular assistance, family unity, and protection against arbitrary or collective expulsion."},{"key":"non-refoulement","label":"Non-Refoulement","description":"Several delegations discussed the scope and legal status of non-refoulement, including whether people may be returned to places where they face persecution, torture, death, or other serious harm."}],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":3668.51,"end":3668.83},{"text":"Chair,","start":3668.83,"end":3669.23},{"text":"Haiti","start":3669.23,"end":3669.55},{"text":"remains","start":3669.55,"end":3670.03},{"text":"concerned","start":3670.03,"end":3670.71},{"text":"by","start":3670.75,"end":3671.07},{"text":"all","start":3671.07,"end":3671.31},{"text":"practices","start":3671.31,"end":3672.19},{"text":"that","start":3672.19,"end":3672.43},{"text":"could","start":3672.43,"end":3672.67},{"text":"lead","start":3672.67,"end":3672.91},{"text":"to","start":3672.91,"end":3673.15},{"text":"arbitrary","start":3673.15,"end":3673.75},{"text":"or","start":3673.75,"end":3673.87},{"text":"collective","start":3673.87,"end":3674.47},{"text":"expulsions,","start":3674.47,"end":3675.31},{"text":"to","start":3675.63,"end":3675.75},{"text":"the","start":3675.75,"end":3676.07},{"text":"unjustified","start":3676.07,"end":3676.91},{"text":"separation","start":3676.91,"end":3677.47},{"text":"of","start":3677.47,"end":3677.55},{"text":"families,","start":3677.55,"end":3678.27},{"text":"or","start":3678.27,"end":3678.75},{"text":"to","start":3679.07,"end":3679.19},{"text":"the","start":3679.19,"end":3679.31},{"text":"repatriation","start":3679.31,"end":3680.11},{"text":"of","start":3680.11,"end":3680.51},{"text":"persons","start":3680.59,"end":3681.39},{"text":"into","start":3681.63,"end":3681.83},{"text":"situations","start":3681.83,"end":3682.59},{"text":"where","start":3682.59,"end":3682.83},{"text":"they","start":3682.83,"end":3683.15},{"text":"run","start":3683.15,"end":3683.55},{"text":"risks","start":3683.55,"end":3683.95},{"text":"that","start":3683.95,"end":3684.07},{"text":"are","start":3684.07,"end":3684.19},{"text":"incompatible","start":3684.19,"end":3684.99},{"text":"with","start":3684.99,"end":3685.19},{"text":"the","start":3685.19,"end":3685.27},{"text":"international","start":3685.27,"end":3685.83},{"text":"obligations","start":3685.83,"end":3686.59},{"text":"of","start":3686.59,"end":3686.83},{"text":"the","start":3686.83,"end":3687.03},{"text":"state","start":3687.07,"end":3687.63},{"text":"carrying","start":3687.63,"end":3688.03},{"text":"out","start":3688.03,"end":3688.27},{"text":"the","start":3688.35,"end":3688.47},{"text":"expulsion.","start":3688.51,"end":3689.47}]},{"text":"At the same time, we reaffirm that a responsible migration policy ought to allow states to protect their borders and uphold their legislation.","start":3690.35,"end":3702.43,"topics":[{"key":"alien-expulsion","label":"Expulsion of Aliens","description":"Delegations debated states' authority to regulate the entry, stay, and removal of non-nationals, especially the relationship between expulsion powers, sovereignty, border control, national security, and public order."}],"words":[{"text":"At","start":3690.35,"end":3690.47},{"text":"the","start":3690.47,"end":3690.55},{"text":"same","start":3690.55,"end":3690.75},{"text":"time,","start":3690.75,"end":3691.23},{"text":"we","start":3691.23,"end":3691.39},{"text":"reaffirm","start":3691.39,"end":3692.03},{"text":"that","start":3692.03,"end":3692.75},{"text":"a","start":3692.75,"end":3692.79},{"text":"responsible","start":3692.79,"end":3694.11},{"text":"migration","start":3695.63,"end":3696.19},{"text":"policy","start":3696.19,"end":3696.67},{"text":"ought","start":3696.67,"end":3696.87},{"text":"to","start":3696.87,"end":3696.99},{"text":"allow","start":3696.99,"end":3697.31},{"text":"states","start":3697.31,"end":3697.79},{"text":"to","start":3697.87,"end":3698.27},{"text":"protect","start":3698.27,"end":3698.99},{"text":"their","start":3698.99,"end":3699.39},{"text":"borders","start":3699.39,"end":3700.11},{"text":"and","start":3700.43,"end":3700.83},{"text":"uphold","start":3700.83,"end":3701.35},{"text":"their","start":3701.35,"end":3701.55},{"text":"legislation.","start":3701.55,"end":3702.43}]},{"text":"This debate should not artificially oppose sovereignty and human rights.","start":3705.71,"end":3712.51,"topics":[{"key":"rule-of-law","label":"Rule of Law","description":"Speakers stressed the importance of strengthening the rule of law at both the national and international levels as a basis for rights protection, accountability, peaceful dispute settlement, and stable multilateral relations."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":3705.71,"end":3706.03},{"text":"debate","start":3706.03,"end":3706.59},{"text":"should","start":3706.67,"end":3706.99},{"text":"not","start":3706.99,"end":3707.63},{"text":"artificially","start":3708.19,"end":3709.31},{"text":"oppose","start":3709.63,"end":3710.27},{"text":"sovereignty","start":3710.27,"end":3711.23},{"text":"and","start":3711.55,"end":3711.75},{"text":"human","start":3711.75,"end":3712.03},{"text":"rights.","start":3712.03,"end":3712.51}]},{"text":"Rather, we must seek conditions that allow us to reconcile these two needs while adhering to international law.","start":3714.51,"end":3721.23,"topics":[{"key":"rule-of-law","label":"Rule of Law","description":"Speakers stressed the importance of strengthening the rule of law at both the national and international levels as a basis for rights protection, accountability, peaceful dispute settlement, and stable multilateral relations."}],"words":[{"text":"Rather,","start":3714.51,"end":3714.99},{"text":"we","start":3715.23,"end":3715.39},{"text":"must","start":3715.39,"end":3715.67},{"text":"seek","start":3715.67,"end":3715.83},{"text":"conditions","start":3715.83,"end":3716.67},{"text":"that","start":3716.83,"end":3717.07},{"text":"allow","start":3717.07,"end":3717.39},{"text":"us","start":3717.39,"end":3717.47},{"text":"to","start":3717.47,"end":3717.59},{"text":"reconcile","start":3717.59,"end":3718.35},{"text":"these","start":3718.35,"end":3718.67},{"text":"two","start":3718.67,"end":3718.99},{"text":"needs","start":3718.99,"end":3719.55},{"text":"while","start":3719.71,"end":3719.95},{"text":"adhering","start":3719.95,"end":3720.27},{"text":"to","start":3720.27,"end":3720.35},{"text":"international","start":3720.35,"end":3721.15},{"text":"law.","start":3721.15,"end":3721.23}]},{"text":"The Haitian delegation holds that the work of the International Law Commission on the expulsion of aliens is an important contribution to this debate.","start":3721.71,"end":3730.67,"topics":[{"key":"expulsion-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the Expulsion Draft Articles","description":"States differed on whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on expulsion of aliens should become a binding convention, remain non-binding guidance, or continue to be examined through further dialogue and working 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can serve as a point of reference for deepening understanding of the applicable rules and foster greater predictability in the conduct of expulsion proceedings.","start":3731.47,"end":3743.15,"topics":[{"key":"expulsion-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the Expulsion Draft Articles","description":"States differed on whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on expulsion of aliens should become a binding convention, remain non-binding guidance, or continue to be examined through further dialogue and working 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therefore, encourages the continued constructive dialogue on this issue based upon respect for the sovereignty of states, for rule of law, and for the dignity of all human beings.","start":3743.39,"end":3753.71,"topics":[{"key":"rule-of-law","label":"Rule of Law","description":"Speakers stressed the importance of strengthening the rule of law at both the national and international levels as a basis for rights protection, accountability, peaceful dispute settlement, and stable multilateral relations."},{"key":"alien-expulsion","label":"Expulsion of Aliens","description":"Delegations debated states' authority to regulate the entry, stay, and removal of non-nationals, especially the relationship between expulsion powers, sovereignty, border control, national security, and public order."}],"words":[{"text":"Haiti,","start":3743.39,"end":3743.87},{"text":"therefore,","start":3743.87,"end":3744.19},{"text":"encourages","start":3744.19,"end":3744.87},{"text":"the","start":3744.87,"end":3744.95},{"text":"continued","start":3744.95,"end":3745.47},{"text":"constructive","start":3745.47,"end":3746.07},{"text":"dialogue","start":3746.07,"end":3746.59},{"text":"on","start":3746.59,"end":3746.83},{"text":"this","start":3746.83,"end":3747.07},{"text":"issue","start":3747.07,"end":3747.47},{"text":"based","start":3747.47,"end":3747.75},{"text":"upon","start":3747.75,"end":3748.03},{"text":"respect","start":3748.03,"end":3748.35},{"text":"for","start":3748.35,"end":3748.59},{"text":"the","start":3748.59,"end":3748.67},{"text":"sovereignty","start":3748.67,"end":3749.27},{"text":"of","start":3749.27,"end":3749.35},{"text":"states,","start":3749.35,"end":3749.79},{"text":"for","start":3750.03,"end":3750.31},{"text":"rule","start":3750.31,"end":3750.51},{"text":"of","start":3750.51,"end":3750.59},{"text":"law,","start":3750.59,"end":3750.99},{"text":"and","start":3751.07,"end":3751.31},{"text":"for","start":3751.31,"end":3751.43},{"text":"the","start":3751.43,"end":3751.51},{"text":"dignity","start":3751.51,"end":3752.03},{"text":"of","start":3752.03,"end":3752.27},{"text":"all","start":3752.27,"end":3752.59},{"text":"human","start":3752.59,"end":3753.03},{"text":"beings.","start":3753.03,"end":3753.71}]},{"text":"We are convinced that Tightened international cooperation is crucial to address migration challenges without losing sight of the human realities behind every statistic.","start":3754.75,"end":3767.83,"topics":[{"key":"migrant-protections","label":"Migrant Protections","description":"Many statements focused on safeguards in expulsion proceedings, including due process, humane treatment, access to appeals, consular assistance, family unity, and protection against arbitrary or collective expulsion."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3754.75,"end":3755.15},{"text":"are","start":3755.39,"end":3755.55},{"text":"convinced","start":3755.55,"end":3756.03},{"text":"that","start":3756.03,"end":3756.35},{"text":"Tightened","start":3756.99,"end":3757.31},{"text":"international","start":3757.31,"end":3757.95},{"text":"cooperation","start":3757.95,"end":3758.95},{"text":"is","start":3758.95,"end":3759.27},{"text":"crucial","start":3759.27,"end":3759.91},{"text":"to","start":3759.91,"end":3760.43},{"text":"address","start":3760.43,"end":3761.03},{"text":"migration","start":3761.03,"end":3761.91},{"text":"challenges","start":3761.91,"end":3762.63},{"text":"without","start":3762.95,"end":3763.51},{"text":"losing","start":3763.51,"end":3763.83},{"text":"sight","start":3763.83,"end":3764.31},{"text":"of","start":3764.35,"end":3764.55},{"text":"the","start":3764.63,"end":3764.75},{"text":"human","start":3764.95,"end":3765.59},{"text":"realities","start":3765.59,"end":3766.35},{"text":"behind","start":3766.35,"end":3766.79},{"text":"every","start":3766.79,"end":3767.07},{"text":"statistic.","start":3767.07,"end":3767.83}]},{"text":"In closing, the goal ought to be building a migration system in which border security, state responsibility, and human dignity are mutually reinforcing instead of in conflict.","start":3768.31,"end":3783.03,"topics":[{"key":"alien-expulsion","label":"Expulsion of Aliens","description":"Delegations debated states' authority to regulate the entry, stay, and removal of non-nationals, especially the relationship between expulsion powers, sovereignty, border control, national security, and public order."},{"key":"migrant-protections","label":"Migrant Protections","description":"Many statements focused on safeguards in expulsion proceedings, including due process, humane treatment, access to appeals, consular assistance, family unity, and protection against arbitrary or collective 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you, Madam Chair.","start":3783.03,"end":3783.91,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":3783.03,"end":3783.23},{"text":"you,","start":3783.23,"end":3783.31},{"text":"Madam","start":3783.31,"end":3783.59},{"text":"Chair.","start":3783.59,"end":3783.91}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"HTI","group":null,"function":null,"affiliation_full":"Haiti"}},{"statement_number":27,"start":3784.95,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c6/81/24?lang=en&t=1:03:05","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of Haiti for his statement, and I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Brazil.","start":3784.95,"end":3791.15,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":3784.95,"end":3784.96},{"text":"thank","start":3784.95,"end":3785.19},{"text":"the","start":3785.19,"end":3785.27},{"text":"distinguished","start":3785.27,"end":3785.91},{"text":"representative","start":3785.91,"end":3786.71},{"text":"of","start":3786.71,"end":3786.79},{"text":"Haiti","start":3786.87,"end":3787.35},{"text":"for","start":3787.35,"end":3787.59},{"text":"his","start":3787.59,"end":3787.75},{"text":"statement,","start":3787.75,"end":3788.35},{"text":"and","start":3788.35,"end":3788.47},{"text":"I","start":3788.47,"end":3788.55},{"text":"give","start":3788.55,"end":3788.71},{"text":"the","start":3788.71,"end":3788.83},{"text":"floor","start":3788.83,"end":3789.11},{"text":"to","start":3789.11,"end":3789.23},{"text":"the","start":3789.23,"end":3789.31},{"text":"distinguished","start":3789.31,"end":3789.83},{"text":"representative","start":3789.83,"end":3790.55},{"text":"of","start":3790.55,"end":3790.63},{"text":"Brazil.","start":3790.71,"end":3791.15}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"6th Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair","affiliation_full":"6th Committee"}},{"statement_number":28,"start":3794.45,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c6/81/24?lang=en&t=1:03:15","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Madam Chair.","start":3794.45,"end":3795.65,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":3794.45,"end":3794.73},{"text":"you,","start":3794.73,"end":3794.81},{"text":"Madam","start":3794.81,"end":3795.17},{"text":"Chair.","start":3795.17,"end":3795.65}]},{"text":"This topic is closely linked to state sovereignty.","start":3795.89,"end":3798.93,"topics":[{"key":"alien-expulsion","label":"Expulsion of Aliens","description":"Delegations debated states' authority to regulate the entry, stay, and removal of non-nationals, especially the relationship between expulsion powers, sovereignty, border control, national security, and public order."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":3795.89,"end":3796.29},{"text":"topic","start":3796.29,"end":3796.77},{"text":"is","start":3796.77,"end":3796.93},{"text":"closely","start":3796.93,"end":3797.41},{"text":"linked","start":3797.41,"end":3797.89},{"text":"to","start":3797.89,"end":3797.97},{"text":"state","start":3797.97,"end":3798.29},{"text":"sovereignty.","start":3798.29,"end":3798.93}]},{"text":"It is perhaps one of the most concrete demonstrations of state power exercised over the individuals unprotected by the mantle of nationality.","start":3799.65,"end":3808.37,"topics":[{"key":"alien-expulsion","label":"Expulsion of Aliens","description":"Delegations debated states' authority to regulate the entry, stay, and removal of non-nationals, especially the relationship between expulsion powers, sovereignty, border control, national security, and public 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after all, have the right to control their territory.","start":3809.09,"end":3813.33,"topics":[{"key":"alien-expulsion","label":"Expulsion of Aliens","description":"Delegations debated states' authority to regulate the entry, stay, and removal of non-nationals, especially the relationship between expulsion powers, sovereignty, border control, national security, and public order."}],"words":[{"text":"States,","start":3809.09,"end":3809.73},{"text":"after","start":3809.73,"end":3810.21},{"text":"all,","start":3810.21,"end":3810.61},{"text":"have","start":3810.61,"end":3810.93},{"text":"the","start":3810.93,"end":3811.01},{"text":"right","start":3811.01,"end":3811.61},{"text":"to","start":3811.61,"end":3811.69},{"text":"control","start":3811.69,"end":3812.29},{"text":"their","start":3812.37,"end":3812.69},{"text":"territory.","start":3812.69,"end":3813.33}]},{"text":"They have the right to regulate the presence of non-nationals within their jurisdiction.","start":3813.89,"end":3818.53,"topics":[{"key":"alien-expulsion","label":"Expulsion of Aliens","description":"Delegations debated states' authority to regulate the entry, stay, and removal of non-nationals, especially the relationship between expulsion powers, sovereignty, border control, national security, and public order."}],"words":[{"text":"They","start":3813.89,"end":3814.05},{"text":"have","start":3814.05,"end":3814.21},{"text":"the","start":3814.21,"end":3814.37},{"text":"right","start":3814.37,"end":3814.81},{"text":"to","start":3814.81,"end":3814.89},{"text":"regulate","start":3814.89,"end":3815.49},{"text":"the","start":3815.49,"end":3815.61},{"text":"presence","start":3815.61,"end":3816.13},{"text":"of","start":3816.13,"end":3816.29},{"text":"non-nationals","start":3816.29,"end":3817.09},{"text":"within","start":3817.09,"end":3817.49},{"text":"their","start":3817.49,"end":3817.69},{"text":"jurisdiction.","start":3817.69,"end":3818.53}]},{"text":"This right is well established in international law, but it's not unlimited.","start":3819.13,"end":3825.53,"topics":[{"key":"alien-expulsion","label":"Expulsion of Aliens","description":"Delegations debated states' authority to regulate the entry, stay, and removal of non-nationals, especially the relationship between expulsion powers, sovereignty, border control, national security, and public order."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":3819.13,"end":3819.37},{"text":"right","start":3819.37,"end":3819.85},{"text":"is","start":3819.85,"end":3820.09},{"text":"well","start":3820.09,"end":3820.57},{"text":"established","start":3820.57,"end":3821.45},{"text":"in","start":3821.53,"end":3821.69},{"text":"international","start":3821.69,"end":3822.61},{"text":"law,","start":3822.61,"end":3822.73},{"text":"but","start":3823.69,"end":3823.93},{"text":"it's","start":3823.93,"end":3824.17},{"text":"not","start":3824.17,"end":3824.73},{"text":"unlimited.","start":3824.89,"end":3825.53}]},{"text":"Here too, the rule of law is an imperative.","start":3826.33,"end":3829.77,"topics":[{"key":"rule-of-law","label":"Rule of Law","description":"Speakers stressed the importance of strengthening the rule of law at both the national and international levels as a basis for rights protection, accountability, peaceful dispute settlement, and stable multilateral relations."}],"words":[{"text":"Here","start":3826.33,"end":3826.69},{"text":"too,","start":3826.69,"end":3827.21},{"text":"the","start":3827.61,"end":3827.77},{"text":"rule","start":3827.77,"end":3828.21},{"text":"of","start":3828.21,"end":3828.29},{"text":"law","start":3828.29,"end":3828.65},{"text":"is","start":3828.89,"end":3829.09},{"text":"an","start":3829.09,"end":3829.17},{"text":"imperative.","start":3829.17,"end":3829.77}]},{"text":"States must exercise this right in accordance with international law.","start":3830.81,"end":3835.17,"topics":[{"key":"alien-expulsion","label":"Expulsion of Aliens","description":"Delegations debated states' authority to regulate the entry, stay, and removal of non-nationals, especially the relationship between expulsion powers, sovereignty, border control, national security, and public order."},{"key":"rule-of-law","label":"Rule of Law","description":"Speakers stressed the importance of strengthening the rule of law at both the national and international levels as a basis for rights protection, accountability, peaceful dispute settlement, and stable multilateral relations."}],"words":[{"text":"States","start":3830.81,"end":3831.37},{"text":"must","start":3831.37,"end":3831.85},{"text":"exercise","start":3831.85,"end":3832.53},{"text":"this","start":3832.53,"end":3832.73},{"text":"right","start":3832.73,"end":3833.21},{"text":"in","start":3833.21,"end":3833.37},{"text":"accordance","start":3833.37,"end":3834.01},{"text":"with","start":3834.01,"end":3834.21},{"text":"international","start":3834.21,"end":3835.09},{"text":"law.","start":3835.09,"end":3835.17}]},{"text":"In particular, the vulnerability of persons facing expulsion reinforces the need to respect human rights, refugee law, due process, and the principle of non-refoulement.","start":3835.85,"end":3848.01,"topics":[{"key":"migrant-protections","label":"Migrant Protections","description":"Many statements focused on safeguards in expulsion proceedings, including due process, humane treatment, access to appeals, consular assistance, family unity, and protection against arbitrary or collective expulsion."},{"key":"non-refoulement","label":"Non-Refoulement","description":"Several delegations discussed the scope and legal status of non-refoulement, including whether people may be returned to places where they face persecution, torture, death, or other serious harm."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":3835.85,"end":3836.01},{"text":"particular,","start":3836.01,"end":3836.81},{"text":"the","start":3837.13,"end":3837.29},{"text":"vulnerability","start":3837.29,"end":3837.97},{"text":"of","start":3837.97,"end":3838.17},{"text":"persons","start":3838.17,"end":3838.65},{"text":"facing","start":3838.65,"end":3839.21},{"text":"expulsion","start":3839.37,"end":3840.25},{"text":"reinforces","start":3840.57,"end":3841.45},{"text":"the","start":3841.45,"end":3841.57},{"text":"need","start":3841.57,"end":3841.89},{"text":"to","start":3841.89,"end":3842.01},{"text":"respect","start":3842.01,"end":3842.53},{"text":"human","start":3842.53,"end":3842.81},{"text":"rights,","start":3842.81,"end":3843.37},{"text":"refugee","start":3843.61,"end":3844.09},{"text":"law,","start":3844.09,"end":3844.49},{"text":"due","start":3844.81,"end":3845.05},{"text":"process,","start":3845.05,"end":3845.77},{"text":"and","start":3846.01,"end":3846.17},{"text":"the","start":3846.17,"end":3846.25},{"text":"principle","start":3846.25,"end":3846.77},{"text":"of","start":3846.77,"end":3846.85},{"text":"non-refoulement.","start":3846.89,"end":3848.01}]},{"text":"The ILC's draft articles reflect this, setting out an important range of safeguards that protect human dignity and ensure legality.","start":3848.93,"end":3859.17,"topics":[{"key":"migrant-protections","label":"Migrant Protections","description":"Many statements focused on safeguards in expulsion proceedings, including due process, humane treatment, access to appeals, consular assistance, family unity, and protection against arbitrary or collective 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for instance, the right of all foreigners subject to expulsion to a grounded and individual decision by an impartial authority in accordance with the law.","start":3859.73,"end":3870.61,"topics":[{"key":"migrant-protections","label":"Migrant Protections","description":"Many statements focused on safeguards in expulsion proceedings, including due process, humane treatment, access to appeals, consular assistance, family unity, and protection against arbitrary or collective 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expulsions would thus be prohibited, as well as arbitrary deprivations of nationality for the sole purpose of expulsion, disguised expulsions, or expulsions aiming at confiscation of assets.","start":3871.37,"end":3885.69,"topics":[{"key":"migrant-protections","label":"Migrant Protections","description":"Many statements focused on safeguards in expulsion proceedings, including due process, humane treatment, access to appeals, consular assistance, family unity, and protection against arbitrary or collective expulsion."}],"words":[{"text":"Collective","start":3871.37,"end":3871.81},{"text":"expulsions","start":3871.81,"end":3872.65},{"text":"would","start":3872.73,"end":3873.01},{"text":"thus","start":3873.01,"end":3873.21},{"text":"be","start":3873.21,"end":3873.37},{"text":"prohibited,","start":3873.37,"end":3874.09},{"text":"as","start":3874.41,"end":3874.73},{"text":"well","start":3874.73,"end":3875.13},{"text":"as","start":3875.13,"end":3875.37},{"text":"arbitrary","start":3875.37,"end":3876.25},{"text":"deprivations","start":3876.25,"end":3877.21},{"text":"of","start":3877.21,"end":3877.53},{"text":"nationality","start":3877.53,"end":3878.49},{"text":"for","start":3878.49,"end":3878.65},{"text":"the","start":3878.65,"end":3878.73},{"text":"sole","start":3878.73,"end":3879.05},{"text":"purpose","start":3879.05,"end":3879.61},{"text":"of","start":3879.61,"end":3879.69},{"text":"expulsion,","start":3879.69,"end":3880.41},{"text":"disguised","start":3881.01,"end":3881.61},{"text":"expulsions,","start":3881.61,"end":3882.49},{"text":"or","start":3882.49,"end":3882.73},{"text":"expulsions","start":3882.73,"end":3883.53},{"text":"aiming","start":3883.53,"end":3884.01},{"text":"at","start":3884.01,"end":3884.25},{"text":"confiscation","start":3884.25,"end":3884.93},{"text":"of","start":3884.93,"end":3885.05},{"text":"assets.","start":3885.05,"end":3885.69}]},{"text":"In this context, internal laws that guarantee human rights and due process of law must not be applied selectively.","start":3886.17,"end":3893.77,"topics":[{"key":"migrant-protections","label":"Migrant Protections","description":"Many statements focused on safeguards in expulsion proceedings, including due process, humane treatment, access to appeals, consular assistance, family unity, and protection against arbitrary or collective expulsion."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":3886.17,"end":3886.33},{"text":"this","start":3886.33,"end":3886.57},{"text":"context,","start":3886.57,"end":3887.45},{"text":"internal","start":3887.45,"end":3888.21},{"text":"laws","start":3888.21,"end":3888.57},{"text":"that","start":3888.81,"end":3888.97},{"text":"guarantee","start":3888.97,"end":3889.77},{"text":"human","start":3889.77,"end":3890.13},{"text":"rights","start":3890.13,"end":3890.53},{"text":"and","start":3890.53,"end":3890.69},{"text":"due","start":3890.69,"end":3890.81},{"text":"process","start":3890.81,"end":3891.37},{"text":"of","start":3891.37,"end":3891.53},{"text":"law","start":3891.53,"end":3891.77},{"text":"must","start":3891.77,"end":3892.09},{"text":"not","start":3892.09,"end":3892.41},{"text":"be","start":3892.41,"end":3892.53},{"text":"applied","start":3892.53,"end":3892.97},{"text":"selectively.","start":3892.97,"end":3893.77}]},{"text":"By enshrining these principles, the draft articles seek to balance sovereignty and legality.","start":3894.89,"end":3901.29,"topics":[{"key":"alien-expulsion","label":"Expulsion of Aliens","description":"Delegations debated states' authority to regulate the entry, stay, and removal of non-nationals, especially the relationship between expulsion powers, sovereignty, border control, national security, and public 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consistent with the draft articles.","start":3906.33,"end":3912.65,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":3906.33,"end":3906.73},{"text":"Chair,","start":3906.73,"end":3907.13},{"text":"Brazil's","start":3907.77,"end":3908.25},{"text":"national","start":3908.25,"end":3908.73},{"text":"practice","start":3908.73,"end":3909.29},{"text":"is","start":3909.29,"end":3909.53},{"text":"largely","start":3909.53,"end":3910.17},{"text":"consistent","start":3910.17,"end":3911.21},{"text":"with","start":3911.21,"end":3911.41},{"text":"the","start":3911.41,"end":3911.53},{"text":"draft","start":3911.53,"end":3912.01},{"text":"articles.","start":3912.01,"end":3912.65}]},{"text":"Brazil's federal constitution reflects precisely the balance sought by the Commission, sovereignty on the one hand, and the dignity and universal human rights of the human person on the other.","start":3913.29,"end":3928.53,"topics":[{"key":"alien-expulsion","label":"Expulsion of Aliens","description":"Delegations debated states' authority to regulate the entry, stay, and removal of non-nationals, especially the relationship between expulsion powers, sovereignty, border control, national security, and public order."}],"words":[{"text":"Brazil's","start":3913.29,"end":3913.77},{"text":"federal","start":3913.77,"end":3914.33},{"text":"constitution","start":3914.33,"end":3915.21},{"text":"reflects","start":3915.21,"end":3915.85},{"text":"precisely","start":3915.85,"end":3917.05},{"text":"the","start":3917.05,"end":3917.29},{"text":"balance","start":3917.29,"end":3918.37},{"text":"sought","start":3918.37,"end":3918.81},{"text":"by","start":3918.81,"end":3919.01},{"text":"the","start":3919.01,"end":3919.13},{"text":"Commission,","start":3919.13,"end":3919.61},{"text":"sovereignty","start":3920.33,"end":3921.45},{"text":"on","start":3921.69,"end":3921.85},{"text":"the","start":3921.85,"end":3921.97},{"text":"one","start":3921.97,"end":3922.17},{"text":"hand,","start":3922.17,"end":3922.73},{"text":"and","start":3923.45,"end":3923.65},{"text":"the","start":3923.65,"end":3923.73},{"text":"dignity","start":3923.73,"end":3924.49},{"text":"and","start":3924.57,"end":3924.73},{"text":"universal","start":3924.73,"end":3925.37},{"text":"human","start":3925.37,"end":3925.77},{"text":"rights","start":3925.77,"end":3926.41},{"text":"of","start":3926.49,"end":3926.65},{"text":"the","start":3926.65,"end":3926.73},{"text":"human","start":3926.73,"end":3927.05},{"text":"person","start":3927.05,"end":3927.61},{"text":"on","start":3928.01,"end":3928.09},{"text":"the","start":3928.09,"end":3928.29},{"text":"other.","start":3928.29,"end":3928.53}]},{"text":"Human dignity is one of the foundations of our constitutional order.","start":3929.41,"end":3933.97,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Human","start":3929.41,"end":3929.73},{"text":"dignity","start":3929.73,"end":3930.37},{"text":"is","start":3930.45,"end":3930.77},{"text":"one","start":3930.77,"end":3931.01},{"text":"of","start":3931.01,"end":3931.09},{"text":"the","start":3931.09,"end":3931.21},{"text":"foundations","start":3931.21,"end":3932.29},{"text":"of","start":3932.29,"end":3932.53},{"text":"our","start":3932.53,"end":3932.85},{"text":"constitutional","start":3932.85,"end":3933.57},{"text":"order.","start":3933.57,"end":3933.97}]},{"text":"The prevalence of human rights guides Brazil's international relations.","start":3934.53,"end":3938.29,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":3934.53,"end":3934.73},{"text":"prevalence","start":3934.73,"end":3935.25},{"text":"of","start":3935.25,"end":3935.37},{"text":"human","start":3935.37,"end":3935.65},{"text":"rights","start":3935.65,"end":3935.97},{"text":"guides","start":3935.97,"end":3936.45},{"text":"Brazil's","start":3936.45,"end":3936.93},{"text":"international","start":3936.93,"end":3937.53},{"text":"relations.","start":3937.53,"end":3938.29}]},{"text":"Equality before the law is a constitutional guarantee.","start":3938.77,"end":3942.77,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Equality","start":3938.77,"end":3939.49},{"text":"before","start":3939.49,"end":3939.81},{"text":"the","start":3939.81,"end":3939.93},{"text":"law","start":3939.93,"end":3940.29},{"text":"is","start":3940.37,"end":3940.61},{"text":"a","start":3940.61,"end":3940.65},{"text":"constitutional","start":3940.65,"end":3941.65},{"text":"guarantee.","start":3941.89,"end":3942.77}]},{"text":"So are due process and access to justice.","start":3943.09,"end":3946.13,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":3943.09,"end":3943.49},{"text":"are","start":3943.49,"end":3943.77},{"text":"due","start":3943.77,"end":3943.97},{"text":"process","start":3943.97,"end":3944.61},{"text":"and","start":3944.61,"end":3944.81},{"text":"access","start":3944.81,"end":3945.33},{"text":"to","start":3945.33,"end":3945.41},{"text":"justice.","start":3945.41,"end":3946.13}]},{"text":"These principles have served as a compass for our migration policies.","start":3946.77,"end":3951.65,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"These","start":3946.77,"end":3947.01},{"text":"principles","start":3947.01,"end":3947.57},{"text":"have","start":3947.57,"end":3947.73},{"text":"served","start":3947.73,"end":3948.37},{"text":"as","start":3948.37,"end":3948.49},{"text":"a","start":3948.49,"end":3948.53},{"text":"compass","start":3948.53,"end":3949.57},{"text":"for","start":3949.57,"end":3949.89},{"text":"our","start":3949.89,"end":3950.13},{"text":"migration","start":3950.13,"end":3950.85},{"text":"policies.","start":3950.85,"end":3951.65}]},{"text":"They also guide decisions involving the removal of non-nationals.","start":3952.05,"end":3957.49,"topics":[{"key":"alien-expulsion","label":"Expulsion of Aliens","description":"Delegations debated states' authority to regulate the entry, stay, and removal of non-nationals, especially the relationship between expulsion powers, sovereignty, border control, national security, and public order."}],"words":[{"text":"They","start":3952.05,"end":3952.29},{"text":"also","start":3952.29,"end":3952.69},{"text":"guide","start":3952.69,"end":3953.37},{"text":"decisions","start":3953.37,"end":3953.97},{"text":"involving","start":3953.97,"end":3954.61},{"text":"the","start":3954.77,"end":3954.85},{"text":"removal","start":3954.85,"end":3955.57},{"text":"of","start":3956.29,"end":3956.53},{"text":"non-nationals.","start":3956.61,"end":3957.49}]},{"text":"Brazil's migration law of 2017 puts constitutional values into practice.","start":3958.05,"end":3964.37,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Brazil's","start":3958.05,"end":3958.53},{"text":"migration","start":3958.53,"end":3959.25},{"text":"law","start":3959.25,"end":3959.77},{"text":"of","start":3959.77,"end":3959.97},{"text":"2017","start":3959.97,"end":3961.17},{"text":"puts","start":3961.65,"end":3962.13},{"text":"constitutional","start":3962.29,"end":3963.01},{"text":"values","start":3963.01,"end":3963.41},{"text":"into","start":3963.41,"end":3963.65},{"text":"practice.","start":3963.65,"end":3964.37}]},{"text":"By embracing a human rights-based approach to migration, it rejects xenophobia, discrimination, and the criminalization of migration.","start":3964.77,"end":3974.13,"topics":[{"key":"migrant-protections","label":"Migrant Protections","description":"Many statements focused on safeguards in expulsion proceedings, including due process, humane treatment, access to appeals, consular assistance, family unity, and protection against arbitrary or 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services.","start":3974.61,"end":3983.01,"topics":[{"key":"migrant-protections","label":"Migrant Protections","description":"Many statements focused on safeguards in expulsion proceedings, including due process, humane treatment, access to appeals, consular assistance, family unity, and protection against arbitrary or collective expulsion."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":3974.61,"end":3974.81},{"text":"protects","start":3974.81,"end":3975.49},{"text":"family","start":3975.81,"end":3976.17},{"text":"unity","start":3976.17,"end":3976.77},{"text":"and","start":3977.49,"end":3977.65},{"text":"promotes","start":3977.65,"end":3978.17},{"text":"social","start":3978.17,"end":3978.49},{"text":"inclusion,","start":3978.49,"end":3979.09},{"text":"and","start":3979.09,"end":3979.21},{"text":"it","start":3979.41,"end":3979.73},{"text":"seeks","start":3979.73,"end":3980.13},{"text":"to","start":3980.13,"end":3980.25},{"text":"ensure","start":3980.25,"end":3980.77},{"text":"equal","start":3980.85,"end":3981.33},{"text":"access","start":3981.33,"end":3981.81},{"text":"to","start":3981.81,"end":3981.97},{"text":"public","start":3981.97,"end":3982.29},{"text":"services.","start":3982.29,"end":3983.01}]},{"text":"Brazil has continued to strengthen this framework since we last considered this topic at the Sixth Committee three years ago.","start":3983.41,"end":3991.73,"topics":[{"key":"migrant-protections","label":"Migrant Protections","description":"Many statements focused on safeguards in expulsion proceedings, including due process, humane treatment, access to appeals, consular assistance, family unity, and protection against arbitrary or collective 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adopted the National Policy on Migration, Refugee and Statelessness.","start":3992.37,"end":3999.33,"topics":[{"key":"migrant-protections","label":"Migrant Protections","description":"Many statements focused on safeguards in expulsion proceedings, including due process, humane treatment, access to appeals, consular assistance, family unity, and protection against arbitrary or collective 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another.","start":4006.53,"end":4011.81,"topics":[{"key":"alien-expulsion","label":"Expulsion of Aliens","description":"Delegations debated states' authority to regulate the entry, stay, and removal of non-nationals, especially the relationship between expulsion powers, sovereignty, border control, national security, and public order."},{"key":"migrant-protections","label":"Migrant Protections","description":"Many statements focused on safeguards in expulsion proceedings, including due process, humane treatment, access to appeals, consular assistance, family unity, and protection against arbitrary or collective 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expulsion."}],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":4012.69,"end":4013.09},{"text":"Chair,","start":4013.09,"end":4013.65},{"text":"worrying","start":4013.97,"end":4014.77},{"text":"developments","start":4015.01,"end":4015.65},{"text":"around","start":4015.65,"end":4016.33},{"text":"the","start":4016.33,"end":4016.41},{"text":"world","start":4016.41,"end":4016.85},{"text":"have","start":4016.85,"end":4017.17},{"text":"reminded","start":4017.17,"end":4017.89},{"text":"us","start":4017.89,"end":4018.29},{"text":"that","start":4018.29,"end":4018.53},{"text":"such","start":4018.53,"end":4018.97},{"text":"a","start":4018.97,"end":4019.01},{"text":"balance","start":4019.01,"end":4019.73},{"text":"between","start":4019.97,"end":4020.29},{"text":"sovereignty","start":4020.29,"end":4021.17},{"text":"and","start":4021.25,"end":4021.49},{"text":"human","start":4021.49,"end":4021.81},{"text":"dignity","start":4021.81,"end":4022.45},{"text":"cannot","start":4022.45,"end":4022.85},{"text":"be","start":4022.85,"end":4023.01},{"text":"taken","start":4023.01,"end":4023.29},{"text":"for","start":4023.29,"end":4023.41},{"text":"granted.","start":4023.41,"end":4023.97}]},{"text":"Cases involving detention, removal and return procedures continue to raise important human rights concerns.","start":4024.53,"end":4031.97,"topics":[{"key":"migrant-protections","label":"Migrant Protections","description":"Many statements focused on safeguards in expulsion proceedings, including due process, humane treatment, access to appeals, consular assistance, family unity, and protection against arbitrary or collective expulsion."},{"key":"non-refoulement","label":"Non-Refoulement","description":"Several delegations discussed the scope and legal status of non-refoulement, including whether people may be returned to places where they face persecution, torture, death, or other serious harm."}],"words":[{"text":"Cases","start":4024.53,"end":4025.13},{"text":"involving","start":4025.13,"end":4025.81},{"text":"detention,","start":4025.81,"end":4026.69},{"text":"removal","start":4026.77,"end":4027.49},{"text":"and","start":4027.65,"end":4027.81},{"text":"return","start":4027.81,"end":4028.37},{"text":"procedures","start":4028.37,"end":4029.09},{"text":"continue","start":4029.09,"end":4029.49},{"text":"to","start":4029.49,"end":4029.61},{"text":"raise","start":4029.61,"end":4029.97},{"text":"important","start":4029.97,"end":4030.53},{"text":"human","start":4030.53,"end":4030.81},{"text":"rights","start":4030.81,"end":4031.09},{"text":"concerns.","start":4031.09,"end":4031.97}]},{"text":"This makes the Commission's work all the more relevant.","start":4032.37,"end":4036.61,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":4032.37,"end":4032.77},{"text":"makes","start":4032.77,"end":4033.17},{"text":"the","start":4033.17,"end":4033.29},{"text":"Commission's","start":4033.33,"end":4034.05},{"text":"work","start":4034.05,"end":4034.61},{"text":"all","start":4034.93,"end":4035.25},{"text":"the","start":4035.25,"end":4035.45},{"text":"more","start":4035.45,"end":4035.81},{"text":"relevant.","start":4035.97,"end":4036.61}]},{"text":"The General Assembly has discussed this topic for many years.","start":4037.17,"end":4040.29,"topics":[{"key":"io-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the RIO Draft Articles","description":"Many delegations debated whether the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations are mature enough for treaty negotiations or should remain as a reference text until more practice and broader consensus 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articles.","start":4049.17,"end":4058.45,"topics":[{"key":"io-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the RIO Draft Articles","description":"Many delegations debated whether the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations are mature enough for treaty negotiations or should remain as a reference text until more practice and broader consensus 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our country has been actively modernizing its laws governing the legal status of foreign nationals, including international treaties, including readmission agreements, which allow for the orderly transfer of persons who have violated migration laws.","start":4230.81,"end":4248.89,"topics":[{"key":"alien-expulsion","label":"Expulsion of Aliens","description":"Delegations debated states' authority to regulate the entry, stay, and removal of non-nationals, especially the relationship between expulsion powers, sovereignty, border control, national security, and public 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the initial stages of the consideration by the ILC of the topic of expulsion of aliens, The Russian Federation considers the development of an international treaty in this area to be useful and timely.","start":4250.01,"end":4264.17,"topics":[{"key":"expulsion-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the Expulsion Draft Articles","description":"States differed on whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on expulsion of aliens should become a binding convention, remain non-binding guidance, or continue to be examined through further dialogue and working 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we must note that the draft articles prepared by the ILC have not entirely met our expectations.","start":4264.17,"end":4271.61,"topics":[{"key":"expulsion-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the Expulsion Draft Articles","description":"States differed on whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on expulsion of aliens should become a binding convention, remain non-binding guidance, or continue to be examined through further dialogue and working 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convention.","start":4272.21,"end":4279.25,"topics":[{"key":"expulsion-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the Expulsion Draft Articles","description":"States differed on whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on expulsion of aliens should become a binding convention, remain non-binding guidance, or continue to be examined through further dialogue and working 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many other states, we believe that the expulsion of aliens, especially those who violate migration regulations, is the sovereign and inalienable right of states.","start":4279.53,"end":4290.61,"topics":[{"key":"alien-expulsion","label":"Expulsion of Aliens","description":"Delegations debated states' authority to regulate the entry, stay, and removal of non-nationals, especially the relationship between expulsion powers, sovereignty, border control, national security, and public 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expulsion is inextricably linked to national security and public order, It is this basic tenet that ought to guide the development of international laws and relations in this area.","start":4290.93,"end":4303.93,"topics":[{"key":"alien-expulsion","label":"Expulsion of Aliens","description":"Delegations debated states' authority to regulate the entry, stay, and removal of non-nationals, especially the relationship between expulsion powers, sovereignty, border control, national security, and public 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unequivocally supports many of the provisions on the protection of the rights of persons subject to expulsion.","start":4304.33,"end":4311.21,"topics":[{"key":"migrant-protections","label":"Migrant Protections","description":"Many statements focused on safeguards in expulsion proceedings, including due process, humane treatment, access to appeals, consular assistance, family unity, and protection against arbitrary or collective 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from their territory ought to be exercised in keeping with applicable international legal norms that includes respect for fundamental human rights and freedoms, as well as the procedural guarantees established under national laws.","start":4311.53,"end":4332.21,"topics":[{"key":"alien-expulsion","label":"Expulsion of Aliens","description":"Delegations debated states' authority to regulate the entry, stay, and removal of non-nationals, especially the relationship between expulsion powers, sovereignty, border control, national security, and public order."},{"key":"migrant-protections","label":"Migrant Protections","description":"Many statements focused on safeguards in expulsion proceedings, including due process, humane treatment, access to appeals, consular assistance, family unity, and protection against arbitrary or collective 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also remains staunch in its commitment to its obligations to protect refugees, including the universally recognized principle of non-refoulement, which prohibits their forcible return to countries where their lives or freedom could be jeopardized.","start":4332.53,"end":4347.21,"topics":[{"key":"non-refoulement","label":"Non-Refoulement","description":"Several delegations discussed the scope and legal status of non-refoulement, including whether people may be returned to places where they face persecution, torture, death, or other serious harm."}],"words":[{"text":"Russia","start":4332.53,"end":4333.09},{"text":"also","start":4333.25,"end":4333.73},{"text":"remains","start":4333.73,"end":4334.25},{"text":"staunch","start":4334.25,"end":4334.77},{"text":"in","start":4334.85,"end":4335.25},{"text":"its","start":4335.25,"end":4335.57},{"text":"commitment","start":4335.57,"end":4336.45},{"text":"to","start":4336.61,"end":4337.01},{"text":"its","start":4337.01,"end":4337.17},{"text":"obligations","start":4337.17,"end":4337.57},{"text":"to","start":4337.57,"end":4337.65},{"text":"protect","start":4337.65,"end":4338.01},{"text":"refugees,","start":4338.01,"end":4338.77},{"text":"including","start":4338.77,"end":4339.33},{"text":"the","start":4339.33,"end":4339.49},{"text":"universally","start":4339.85,"end":4340.29},{"text":"recognized","start":4340.29,"end":4340.69},{"text":"principle","start":4340.69,"end":4341.25},{"text":"of","start":4341.25,"end":4341.41},{"text":"non-refoulement,","start":4341.41,"end":4342.37},{"text":"which","start":4342.37,"end":4342.69},{"text":"prohibits","start":4343.13,"end":4343.69},{"text":"their","start":4343.69,"end":4344.01},{"text":"forcible","start":4344.01,"end":4344.49},{"text":"return","start":4344.49,"end":4344.73},{"text":"to","start":4344.73,"end":4344.81},{"text":"countries","start":4344.81,"end":4345.09},{"text":"where","start":4345.09,"end":4345.25},{"text":"their","start":4345.25,"end":4345.37},{"text":"lives","start":4345.37,"end":4345.61},{"text":"or","start":4345.61,"end":4345.85},{"text":"freedom","start":4345.85,"end":4346.25},{"text":"could","start":4346.25,"end":4346.41},{"text":"be","start":4346.41,"end":4346.57},{"text":"jeopardized.","start":4346.57,"end":4347.21}]},{"text":"However, we must point out that the current draft is clearly biased toward protecting persons subject to expulsion.","start":4347.37,"end":4355.85,"topics":[{"key":"migrant-protections","label":"Migrant Protections","description":"Many statements focused on safeguards in expulsion proceedings, including due process, humane treatment, access to appeals, consular assistance, family unity, and protection against arbitrary or collective expulsion."}],"words":[{"text":"However,","start":4347.37,"end":4347.69},{"text":"we","start":4347.69,"end":4347.85},{"text":"must","start":4347.85,"end":4348.13},{"text":"point","start":4348.13,"end":4348.41},{"text":"out","start":4348.41,"end":4348.65},{"text":"that","start":4348.65,"end":4348.89},{"text":"the","start":4349.21,"end":4349.33},{"text":"current","start":4349.69,"end":4350.29},{"text":"draft","start":4350.29,"end":4350.89},{"text":"is","start":4350.97,"end":4351.37},{"text":"clearly","start":4351.37,"end":4352.09},{"text":"biased","start":4352.09,"end":4352.77},{"text":"toward","start":4352.77,"end":4353.21},{"text":"protecting","start":4353.65,"end":4354.25},{"text":"persons","start":4354.25,"end":4354.77},{"text":"subject","start":4354.81,"end":4355.09},{"text":"to","start":4355.09,"end":4355.17},{"text":"expulsion.","start":4355.17,"end":4355.85}]},{"text":"In addition, it fails to adequately distinguish between persons who are lawfully present on the territory of a foreign state versus irregular migrants.","start":4356.25,"end":4366.49,"topics":[{"key":"alien-expulsion","label":"Expulsion of Aliens","description":"Delegations debated states' authority to regulate the entry, stay, and removal of non-nationals, especially the relationship between expulsion powers, sovereignty, border control, national security, and public 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most importantly, given that states already have well-established mechanisms for lawfully removing aliens, including at the interstate level, and the attempt to impose a new and uniform approach on them is unlikely to achieve universal consensus.","start":4367.65,"end":4384.25,"topics":[{"key":"alien-expulsion","label":"Expulsion of Aliens","description":"Delegations debated states' authority to regulate the entry, stay, and removal of non-nationals, especially the relationship between expulsion powers, sovereignty, border control, national security, and public 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duplication of provisions in existing human rights documents also raises a legitimate question as to the added value of the draft.","start":4384.73,"end":4392.81,"topics":[{"key":"expulsion-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the Expulsion Draft Articles","description":"States differed on whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on expulsion of aliens should become a binding convention, remain non-binding guidance, or continue to be examined through further dialogue and working methods."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":4384.73,"end":4384.81},{"text":"duplication","start":4384.81,"end":4385.61},{"text":"of","start":4385.61,"end":4385.77},{"text":"provisions","start":4385.77,"end":4386.73},{"text":"in","start":4386.81,"end":4387.05},{"text":"existing","start":4387.05,"end":4387.69},{"text":"human","start":4387.69,"end":4388.01},{"text":"rights","start":4388.01,"end":4388.49},{"text":"documents","start":4388.49,"end":4389.29},{"text":"also","start":4389.29,"end":4389.61},{"text":"raises","start":4389.61,"end":4390.17},{"text":"a","start":4390.17,"end":4390.21},{"text":"legitimate","start":4390.21,"end":4390.65},{"text":"question","start":4390.65,"end":4391.21},{"text":"as","start":4391.21,"end":4391.45},{"text":"to","start":4391.45,"end":4391.53},{"text":"the","start":4391.53,"end":4391.65},{"text":"added","start":4391.65,"end":4391.85},{"text":"value","start":4391.85,"end":4392.25},{"text":"of","start":4392.25,"end":4392.33},{"text":"the","start":4392.33,"end":4392.41},{"text":"draft.","start":4392.41,"end":4392.81}]},{"text":"In light of the aforementioned, the Russian Federation does not view the existing draft articles of the ILC as a suitable foundation for developing a universal treaty.","start":4394.13,"end":4404.13,"topics":[{"key":"expulsion-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the Expulsion Draft Articles","description":"States differed on whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on expulsion of aliens should become a binding convention, remain non-binding guidance, or continue to be examined through further dialogue and working 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this regard, we emphasize that the absence of such a universal convention does not absolve states of their responsibility for any mass or gross violations of the rights of aliens.","start":4404.45,"end":4415.01,"topics":[{"key":"alien-expulsion","label":"Expulsion of Aliens","description":"Delegations debated states' authority to regulate the entry, stay, and removal of non-nationals, especially the relationship between expulsion powers, sovereignty, border control, national security, and public 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as, for example, the practice of pushbacks used by a number of EU member states, under which asylum seekers are forced back beyond their borders in violation of established procedures.","start":4415.61,"end":4426.81,"topics":[{"key":"migrant-protections","label":"Migrant Protections","description":"Many statements focused on safeguards in expulsion proceedings, including due process, humane treatment, access to appeals, consular assistance, family unity, and protection against arbitrary or collective expulsion."},{"key":"alien-expulsion","label":"Expulsion of Aliens","description":"Delegations debated states' authority to regulate the entry, stay, and removal of non-nationals, especially the relationship between expulsion powers, sovereignty, border control, national security, and public 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is well known, this practice leads to the deaths of thousands of migrants every year in the Mediterranean Sea and along land borders.","start":4426.89,"end":4434.09,"topics":[{"key":"migrant-protections","label":"Migrant Protections","description":"Many statements focused on safeguards in expulsion proceedings, including due process, humane treatment, access to appeals, consular assistance, family unity, and protection against arbitrary or collective expulsion."},{"key":"alien-expulsion","label":"Expulsion of Aliens","description":"Delegations debated states' authority to regulate the entry, stay, and removal of non-nationals, especially the relationship between expulsion powers, sovereignty, border control, national security, and public 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lack of a dedicated treaty can not justify the detention of asylum seekers in overcrowded camps under conditions that are entirely unsuitable for normal habitation or for threats to deport so-called non-citizens for language reasons.","start":4434.81,"end":4451.33,"topics":[{"key":"migrant-protections","label":"Migrant Protections","description":"Many statements focused on safeguards in expulsion proceedings, including due process, humane treatment, access to appeals, consular assistance, family unity, and protection against arbitrary or collective expulsion."},{"key":"alien-expulsion","label":"Expulsion of Aliens","description":"Delegations debated states' authority to regulate the entry, stay, and removal of non-nationals, especially the relationship between expulsion powers, sovereignty, border control, national security, and public 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Chair, returning to the draft articles, at this stage, we believe that they could be retained in their current form as a useful recommendatory document.","start":4451.65,"end":4463.17,"topics":[{"key":"expulsion-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the Expulsion Draft Articles","description":"States differed on whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on expulsion of aliens should become a binding convention, remain non-binding guidance, or continue to be examined through further dialogue and working 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Thank you, Madam Chair.","start":4483.32,"end":4485.32,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":4483.32,"end":4483.6},{"text":"Rahman","start":4483.64,"end":4483.96},{"text":"Ebrahim.","start":4483.96,"end":4484.36},{"text":"Thank","start":4484.44,"end":4484.68},{"text":"you,","start":4484.68,"end":4484.76},{"text":"Madam","start":4484.76,"end":4485},{"text":"Chair.","start":4485,"end":4485.32}]},{"text":"Bangladesh reaffirms its continued interest in this item.","start":4485.96,"end":4488.76,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Bangladesh","start":4485.96,"end":4486.52},{"text":"reaffirms","start":4486.52,"end":4487.08},{"text":"its","start":4487.08,"end":4487.24},{"text":"continued","start":4487.24,"end":4487.72},{"text":"interest","start":4487.72,"end":4488.08},{"text":"in","start":4488.08,"end":4488.16},{"text":"this","start":4488.16,"end":4488.36},{"text":"item.","start":4488.36,"end":4488.76}]},{"text":"We thank the International Law Commission for its draft articles on the expulsion 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1795, Immanuel Kant wrote, \"Hospitality means the right of a stranger not to be treated as an enemy when he arrives in the land of 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abuse.","start":4574.37,"end":4578.85,"topics":[{"key":"migrant-protections","label":"Migrant Protections","description":"Many statements focused on safeguards in expulsion proceedings, including due process, humane treatment, access to appeals, consular assistance, family unity, and protection against arbitrary or collective expulsion."}],"words":[{"text":"They","start":4574.37,"end":4575.65},{"text":"are","start":4575.65,"end":4575.81},{"text":"what","start":4575.81,"end":4576.13},{"text":"distinguishes","start":4576.13,"end":4576.85},{"text":"expulsion","start":4576.85,"end":4577.65},{"text":"from","start":4577.89,"end":4578.13},{"text":"abuse.","start":4578.13,"end":4578.85}]},{"text":"Madam Chair, for Bangladesh, this subject is not theoretical.","start":4579.77,"end":4583.25,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":4579.77,"end":4580.01},{"text":"Chair,","start":4580.01,"end":4580.37},{"text":"for","start":4580.37,"end":4580.65},{"text":"Bangladesh,","start":4580.65,"end":4581.33},{"text":"this","start":4581.65,"end":4581.97},{"text":"subject","start":4581.97,"end":4582.33},{"text":"is","start":4582.33,"end":4582.45},{"text":"not","start":4582.45,"end":4582.65},{"text":"theoretical.","start":4582.65,"end":4583.25}]},{"text":"More than one million Rohingya have found shelter in our country, having been driven from their homes in Myanmar.","start":4583.81,"end":4589.73,"topics":[{"key":"non-refoulement","label":"Non-Refoulement","description":"Several delegations discussed the scope and legal status of non-refoulement, including whether people may be returned to places where they face persecution, torture, death, or other serious harm."},{"key":"migrant-protections","label":"Migrant Protections","description":"Many statements focused on safeguards in expulsion proceedings, including due process, humane treatment, access to appeals, consular assistance, family unity, and protection against arbitrary or collective 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matter.","start":4590.53,"end":4593.89,"topics":[{"key":"migrant-protections","label":"Migrant Protections","description":"Many statements focused on safeguards in expulsion proceedings, including due process, humane treatment, access to appeals, consular assistance, family unity, and protection against arbitrary or collective expulsion."}],"words":[{"text":"Their","start":4590.53,"end":4590.73},{"text":"experience","start":4590.73,"end":4591.41},{"text":"shows","start":4591.41,"end":4591.89},{"text":"why","start":4592.21,"end":4592.61},{"text":"the","start":4592.61,"end":4592.81},{"text":"articles","start":4592.81,"end":4593.33},{"text":"matter.","start":4593.33,"end":4593.89}]},{"text":"Draft Article 9 provides that collective expulsion of aliens is prohibited.","start":4594.61,"end":4599.25,"topics":[{"key":"migrant-protections","label":"Migrant Protections","description":"Many statements focused on safeguards in expulsion proceedings, including due process, humane treatment, access to appeals, consular assistance, family unity, and protection against arbitrary or collective expulsion."}],"words":[{"text":"Draft","start":4594.61,"end":4594.93},{"text":"Article","start":4594.93,"end":4595.29},{"text":"9","start":4595.29,"end":4595.49},{"text":"provides","start":4595.49,"end":4595.93},{"text":"that","start":4595.93,"end":4596.21},{"text":"collective","start":4596.61,"end":4597.09},{"text":"expulsion","start":4597.09,"end":4597.73},{"text":"of","start":4597.73,"end":4597.89},{"text":"aliens","start":4597.89,"end":4598.37},{"text":"is","start":4598.45,"end":4598.61},{"text":"prohibited.","start":4598.61,"end":4599.25}]},{"text":"Draft Article 8 provides that a state shall not make its national an alien by deprivation of nationality for the sole purpose of expelling him or her.","start":4599.65,"end":4609.41,"topics":[{"key":"alien-expulsion","label":"Expulsion of Aliens","description":"Delegations debated states' authority to regulate the entry, stay, and removal of non-nationals, especially the relationship between expulsion powers, sovereignty, border control, national security, and public order."}],"words":[{"text":"Draft","start":4599.65,"end":4599.97},{"text":"Article","start":4599.97,"end":4600.33},{"text":"8","start":4600.33,"end":4600.49},{"text":"provides","start":4600.49,"end":4600.97},{"text":"that","start":4600.97,"end":4601.17},{"text":"a","start":4601.65,"end":4601.69},{"text":"state","start":4601.69,"end":4602.05},{"text":"shall","start":4602.05,"end":4602.37},{"text":"not","start":4602.37,"end":4602.77},{"text":"make","start":4602.77,"end":4603.09},{"text":"its","start":4603.09,"end":4603.25},{"text":"national","start":4603.25,"end":4603.81},{"text":"an","start":4603.81,"end":4603.89},{"text":"alien","start":4603.89,"end":4604.45},{"text":"by","start":4604.85,"end":4605.01},{"text":"deprivation","start":4605.01,"end":4605.73},{"text":"of","start":4605.73,"end":4605.89},{"text":"nationality","start":4605.89,"end":4606.69},{"text":"for","start":4606.93,"end":4607.17},{"text":"the","start":4607.17,"end":4607.25},{"text":"sole","start":4607.25,"end":4607.57},{"text":"purpose","start":4607.57,"end":4608.09},{"text":"of","start":4608.09,"end":4608.21},{"text":"expelling","start":4608.21,"end":4608.69},{"text":"him","start":4608.69,"end":4608.93},{"text":"or","start":4608.93,"end":4609.13},{"text":"her.","start":4609.13,"end":4609.41}]},{"text":"Myanmar first denied the Rohingya the protection of nationality and expelled them as a group.","start":4610.21,"end":4616.29,"topics":[{"key":"alien-expulsion","label":"Expulsion of Aliens","description":"Delegations debated states' authority to regulate the entry, stay, and removal of non-nationals, especially the relationship between expulsion powers, sovereignty, border control, national security, and public 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which in this case is Bangladesh.","start":4616.81,"end":4634.81,"topics":[{"key":"non-refoulement","label":"Non-Refoulement","description":"Several delegations discussed the scope and legal status of non-refoulement, including whether people may be returned to places where they face persecution, torture, death, or other serious harm."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":4616.81,"end":4616.93},{"text":"2018,","start":4616.93,"end":4617.93},{"text":"Pre-Trial","start":4618.33,"end":4618.81},{"text":"Chamber","start":4618.81,"end":4619.37},{"text":"I","start":4619.37,"end":4619.41},{"text":"of","start":4619.41,"end":4619.57},{"text":"the","start":4620.09,"end":4620.17},{"text":"International","start":4620.17,"end":4620.81},{"text":"Criminal","start":4620.81,"end":4621.21},{"text":"Court","start":4621.21,"end":4621.53},{"text":"held","start":4621.53,"end":4621.89},{"text":"that","start":4621.89,"end":4622.17},{"text":"it","start":4622.57,"end":4622.73},{"text":"could","start":4622.73,"end":4622.89},{"text":"exercise","start":4622.89,"end":4623.45},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":4623.45,"end":4624.17},{"text":"over","start":4624.17,"end":4624.41},{"text":"their","start":4624.41,"end":4624.65},{"text":"alleged","start":4624.65,"end":4625.09},{"text":"deportation","start":4625.09,"end":4625.77},{"text":"because","start":4626.17,"end":4626.57},{"text":"an","start":4626.57,"end":4626.73},{"text":"element","start":4626.73,"end":4627.17},{"text":"of","start":4627.17,"end":4627.29},{"text":"this","start":4627.29,"end":4627.53},{"text":"crime,","start":4627.53,"end":4628.01},{"text":"the","start":4628.25,"end":4628.41},{"text":"crossing","start":4628.41,"end":4628.81},{"text":"of","start":4628.81,"end":4628.93},{"text":"a","start":4628.93,"end":4628.97},{"text":"border,","start":4628.97,"end":4629.53},{"text":"took","start":4629.85,"end":4630.05},{"text":"place","start":4630.05,"end":4630.57},{"text":"on","start":4630.57,"end":4630.73},{"text":"the","start":4630.73,"end":4630.81},{"text":"territory","start":4630.81,"end":4631.33},{"text":"of","start":4631.33,"end":4631.45},{"text":"a","start":4631.45,"end":4631.49},{"text":"state","start":4631.49,"end":4631.85},{"text":"party","start":4631.85,"end":4632.17},{"text":"to","start":4632.17,"end":4632.29},{"text":"the","start":4632.29,"end":4632.41},{"text":"statute,","start":4632.41,"end":4632.97},{"text":"which","start":4633.29,"end":4633.53},{"text":"in","start":4633.53,"end":4633.69},{"text":"this","start":4633.69,"end":4633.85},{"text":"case","start":4633.85,"end":4634.09},{"text":"is","start":4634.09,"end":4634.21},{"text":"Bangladesh.","start":4634.21,"end":4634.81}]},{"text":"The law has recognized what the Rohingya endured.","start":4635.77,"end":4638.25,"topics":[{"key":"non-refoulement","label":"Non-Refoulement","description":"Several delegations discussed the scope and legal status of non-refoulement, including whether people may be returned to places where they face persecution, torture, death, or other serious harm."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":4635.77,"end":4635.89},{"text":"law","start":4635.93,"end":4636.17},{"text":"has","start":4636.17,"end":4636.41},{"text":"recognized","start":4636.41,"end":4637.09},{"text":"what","start":4637.09,"end":4637.29},{"text":"the","start":4637.29,"end":4637.37},{"text":"Rohingya","start":4637.37,"end":4637.77},{"text":"endured.","start":4637.77,"end":4638.25}]},{"text":"Their future lies in a voluntary, safe, dignified, and sustainable return to Myanmar, with their rights restored, as the Honourable Prime Minister, Mr. Tariq Rahman, stated before the General Assembly on 24th September.","start":4638.89,"end":4653.61,"topics":[{"key":"non-refoulement","label":"Non-Refoulement","description":"Several delegations discussed the scope and legal status of non-refoulement, including whether people may be returned to places where they face persecution, torture, death, or other serious 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and the world have seen other instances of people expelled from different territories.","start":4654.41,"end":4659.37,"topics":[{"key":"alien-expulsion","label":"Expulsion of Aliens","description":"Delegations debated states' authority to regulate the entry, stay, and removal of non-nationals, especially the relationship between expulsion powers, sovereignty, border control, national security, and public 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residents whose status has lapsed, or stateless persons whom no state is willing to receive.","start":4687.09,"end":4695.33,"topics":[{"key":"alien-expulsion","label":"Expulsion of Aliens","description":"Delegations debated states' authority to regulate the entry, stay, and removal of non-nationals, especially the relationship between expulsion powers, sovereignty, border control, national security, and public 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principles in these articles apply wherever people are moved across borders.","start":4695.97,"end":4701.09,"topics":[{"key":"alien-expulsion","label":"Expulsion of Aliens","description":"Delegations debated states' authority to regulate the entry, stay, and removal of non-nationals, especially the relationship between expulsion powers, sovereignty, border control, national security, and public order."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":4695.97,"end":4696.13},{"text":"principles","start":4696.13,"end":4696.77},{"text":"in","start":4696.77,"end":4696.85},{"text":"these","start":4696.85,"end":4697.17},{"text":"articles","start":4697.17,"end":4697.89},{"text":"apply","start":4698.21,"end":4698.69},{"text":"wherever","start":4698.69,"end":4699.25},{"text":"people","start":4699.25,"end":4699.65},{"text":"are","start":4699.65,"end":4699.89},{"text":"moved","start":4699.89,"end":4700.17},{"text":"across","start":4700.17,"end":4700.53},{"text":"borders.","start":4700.53,"end":4701.09}]},{"text":"Expulsion should remain an exceptional measure taken only in accordance with law.","start":4701.49,"end":4707.09,"topics":[{"key":"alien-expulsion","label":"Expulsion of Aliens","description":"Delegations debated states' authority to regulate the entry, stay, and removal of non-nationals, especially the relationship between expulsion powers, sovereignty, border control, national security, and public order."},{"key":"migrant-protections","label":"Migrant Protections","description":"Many statements focused on safeguards in expulsion proceedings, including due process, humane treatment, access to appeals, consular assistance, family unity, and protection against arbitrary or collective expulsion."}],"words":[{"text":"Expulsion","start":4701.49,"end":4702.25},{"text":"should","start":4702.25,"end":4702.45},{"text":"remain","start":4702.45,"end":4702.97},{"text":"an","start":4702.97,"end":4703.05},{"text":"exceptional","start":4703.05,"end":4703.77},{"text":"measure","start":4703.77,"end":4704.17},{"text":"taken","start":4704.57,"end":4704.97},{"text":"only","start":4704.97,"end":4705.53},{"text":"in","start":4705.85,"end":4706.01},{"text":"accordance","start":4706.01,"end":4706.49},{"text":"with","start":4706.49,"end":4706.65},{"text":"law.","start":4706.65,"end":4707.09}]},{"text":"No person should be removed across a frontier without a decision based on due process and without any verification of nationality.","start":4707.45,"end":4715.85,"topics":[{"key":"migrant-protections","label":"Migrant Protections","description":"Many statements focused on safeguards in expulsion proceedings, including due process, humane treatment, access to appeals, consular assistance, family unity, and protection against arbitrary or collective expulsion."},{"key":"alien-expulsion","label":"Expulsion of Aliens","description":"Delegations debated states' authority to regulate the entry, stay, and removal of non-nationals, especially the relationship between expulsion powers, sovereignty, border control, national security, and public order."}],"words":[{"text":"No","start":4707.45,"end":4707.69},{"text":"person","start":4707.69,"end":4708.09},{"text":"should","start":4708.09,"end":4708.25},{"text":"be","start":4708.25,"end":4708.37},{"text":"removed","start":4708.37,"end":4708.77},{"text":"across","start":4708.77,"end":4709.13},{"text":"a","start":4709.13,"end":4709.17},{"text":"frontier","start":4709.17,"end":4709.85},{"text":"without","start":4710.25,"end":4710.53},{"text":"a","start":4710.53,"end":4710.57},{"text":"decision","start":4710.57,"end":4711.37},{"text":"based","start":4711.77,"end":4712.25},{"text":"on","start":4712.25,"end":4712.41},{"text":"due","start":4712.41,"end":4712.73},{"text":"process","start":4712.73,"end":4713.45},{"text":"and","start":4713.77,"end":4713.93},{"text":"without","start":4713.93,"end":4714.25},{"text":"any","start":4714.25,"end":4714.41},{"text":"verification","start":4714.41,"end":4715.01},{"text":"of","start":4715.01,"end":4715.13},{"text":"nationality.","start":4715.13,"end":4715.85}]},{"text":"Draft Article 10 prohibits any form of disguised expulsion where a state believes that a person is not its national.","start":4716.65,"end":4725.29,"topics":[{"key":"alien-expulsion","label":"Expulsion of Aliens","description":"Delegations debated states' authority to regulate the entry, stay, and removal of non-nationals, especially the relationship between expulsion powers, sovereignty, border control, national security, and public order."}],"words":[{"text":"Draft","start":4716.65,"end":4716.97},{"text":"Article","start":4716.97,"end":4717.37},{"text":"10","start":4717.45,"end":4717.85},{"text":"prohibits","start":4717.93,"end":4718.65},{"text":"any","start":4719.05,"end":4719.29},{"text":"form","start":4719.29,"end":4719.69},{"text":"of","start":4719.69,"end":4719.85},{"text":"disguised","start":4719.85,"end":4720.57},{"text":"expulsion","start":4720.57,"end":4721.29},{"text":"where","start":4721.81,"end":4722.05},{"text":"a","start":4722.05,"end":4722.09},{"text":"state","start":4722.09,"end":4722.53},{"text":"believes","start":4722.53,"end":4722.97},{"text":"that","start":4722.97,"end":4723.09},{"text":"a","start":4723.09,"end":4723.13},{"text":"person","start":4723.61,"end":4724.09},{"text":"is","start":4724.09,"end":4724.25},{"text":"not","start":4724.25,"end":4724.49},{"text":"its","start":4724.49,"end":4724.73},{"text":"national.","start":4724.73,"end":4725.29}]},{"text":"The answer lies in procedure and in cooperation between the states concerned not in unilateral removal across a border.","start":4726.09,"end":4734.01,"topics":[{"key":"migrant-protections","label":"Migrant Protections","description":"Many statements focused on safeguards in expulsion proceedings, including due process, humane treatment, access to appeals, consular assistance, family unity, and protection against arbitrary or collective expulsion."},{"key":"alien-expulsion","label":"Expulsion of Aliens","description":"Delegations debated states' authority to regulate the entry, stay, and removal of non-nationals, especially the relationship between expulsion powers, sovereignty, border control, national security, and public order."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":4726.09,"end":4726.29},{"text":"answer","start":4726.29,"end":4726.65},{"text":"lies","start":4726.65,"end":4726.97},{"text":"in","start":4726.97,"end":4727.09},{"text":"procedure","start":4727.09,"end":4727.77},{"text":"and","start":4728.09,"end":4728.25},{"text":"in","start":4728.25,"end":4728.41},{"text":"cooperation","start":4728.41,"end":4729.09},{"text":"between","start":4729.09,"end":4729.37},{"text":"the","start":4729.37,"end":4729.49},{"text":"states","start":4729.49,"end":4729.93},{"text":"concerned","start":4729.93,"end":4730.57},{"text":"not","start":4731.05,"end":4731.53},{"text":"in","start":4731.77,"end":4732.01},{"text":"unilateral","start":4732.01,"end":4732.73},{"text":"removal","start":4732.73,"end":4733.09},{"text":"across","start":4733.09,"end":4733.45},{"text":"a","start":4733.45,"end":4733.53},{"text":"border.","start":4733.53,"end":4734.01}]},{"text":"Madam Chair, then there is the other side of our experience.","start":4734.41,"end":4737.93,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":4734.41,"end":4734.73},{"text":"Chair,","start":4734.73,"end":4735.13},{"text":"then","start":4735.77,"end":4736.01},{"text":"there","start":4736.01,"end":4736.21},{"text":"is","start":4736.21,"end":4736.33},{"text":"the","start":4736.33,"end":4736.45},{"text":"other","start":4736.45,"end":4736.65},{"text":"side","start":4736.65,"end":4736.89},{"text":"of","start":4736.89,"end":4737.01},{"text":"our","start":4737.01,"end":4737.17},{"text":"experience.","start":4737.17,"end":4737.93}]},{"text":"Millions of Bangladeshis live and work abroad.","start":4738.25,"end":4740.65,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Millions","start":4738.25,"end":4738.69},{"text":"of","start":4738.69,"end":4738.77},{"text":"Bangladeshis","start":4738.77,"end":4739.37},{"text":"live","start":4739.37,"end":4739.77},{"text":"and","start":4739.77,"end":4740.01},{"text":"work","start":4740.01,"end":4740.17},{"text":"abroad.","start":4740.17,"end":4740.65}]},{"text":"Their labor builds the economies of other host states and sustains families at home.","start":4741.13,"end":4746.17,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Their","start":4741.13,"end":4741.37},{"text":"labor","start":4741.37,"end":4741.69},{"text":"builds","start":4741.69,"end":4742.01},{"text":"the","start":4742.01,"end":4742.13},{"text":"economies","start":4742.13,"end":4742.65},{"text":"of","start":4742.69,"end":4742.89},{"text":"other","start":4743.45,"end":4743.69},{"text":"host","start":4743.69,"end":4743.97},{"text":"states","start":4743.97,"end":4744.49},{"text":"and","start":4744.73,"end":4744.85},{"text":"sustains","start":4744.85,"end":4745.29},{"text":"families","start":4745.29,"end":4745.69},{"text":"at","start":4745.69,"end":4745.85},{"text":"home.","start":4745.85,"end":4746.17}]},{"text":"When such workers face expulsion, the articles offer protections that are modest but essential.","start":4747.33,"end":4753.77,"topics":[{"key":"migrant-protections","label":"Migrant Protections","description":"Many statements focused on safeguards in expulsion proceedings, including due process, humane treatment, access to appeals, consular assistance, family unity, and protection against arbitrary or collective expulsion."}],"words":[{"text":"When","start":4747.33,"end":4747.61},{"text":"such","start":4747.61,"end":4747.93},{"text":"workers","start":4747.93,"end":4748.33},{"text":"face","start":4748.33,"end":4748.57},{"text":"expulsion,","start":4748.57,"end":4749.29},{"text":"the","start":4749.77,"end":4749.93},{"text":"articles","start":4749.93,"end":4750.49},{"text":"offer","start":4750.49,"end":4750.81},{"text":"protections","start":4750.81,"end":4751.61},{"text":"that","start":4751.93,"end":4752.17},{"text":"are","start":4752.17,"end":4752.33},{"text":"modest","start":4752.33,"end":4752.89},{"text":"but","start":4752.89,"end":4753.09},{"text":"essential.","start":4753.09,"end":4753.77}]},{"text":"Draft Article 13 requires that every alien who is subject to expulsion, be treated with humanity and with respect for inherent dignity of the human person.","start":4754.25,"end":4764.77,"topics":[{"key":"migrant-protections","label":"Migrant Protections","description":"Many statements focused on safeguards in expulsion proceedings, including due process, humane treatment, access to appeals, consular assistance, family unity, and protection against arbitrary or collective expulsion."}],"words":[{"text":"Draft","start":4754.25,"end":4754.57},{"text":"Article","start":4754.57,"end":4755.01},{"text":"13","start":4755.01,"end":4755.29},{"text":"requires","start":4755.29,"end":4755.77},{"text":"that","start":4755.77,"end":4756.09},{"text":"every","start":4756.41,"end":4756.81},{"text":"alien","start":4756.81,"end":4757.21},{"text":"who","start":4757.21,"end":4757.37},{"text":"is","start":4757.37,"end":4757.45},{"text":"subject","start":4757.45,"end":4757.97},{"text":"to","start":4757.97,"end":4758.05},{"text":"expulsion,","start":4758.69,"end":4759.49},{"text":"be","start":4759.81,"end":4759.97},{"text":"treated","start":4759.97,"end":4760.45},{"text":"with","start":4760.45,"end":4760.57},{"text":"humanity","start":4760.57,"end":4761.25},{"text":"and","start":4761.57,"end":4761.77},{"text":"with","start":4761.77,"end":4761.97},{"text":"respect","start":4761.97,"end":4762.41},{"text":"for","start":4762.41,"end":4762.61},{"text":"inherent","start":4762.61,"end":4763.45},{"text":"dignity","start":4763.45,"end":4763.85},{"text":"of","start":4763.85,"end":4763.97},{"text":"the","start":4763.97,"end":4764.05},{"text":"human","start":4764.05,"end":4764.29},{"text":"person.","start":4764.29,"end":4764.77}]},{"text":"Draft Article 15 calls for a special protection of children, older persons, persons with disabilities and pregnant women.","start":4765.41,"end":4772.53,"topics":[{"key":"migrant-protections","label":"Migrant Protections","description":"Many statements focused on safeguards in expulsion proceedings, including due process, humane treatment, access to appeals, consular assistance, family unity, and protection against arbitrary or collective expulsion."}],"words":[{"text":"Draft","start":4765.41,"end":4765.69},{"text":"Article","start":4765.69,"end":4766.01},{"text":"15","start":4766.01,"end":4766.37},{"text":"calls","start":4766.37,"end":4766.69},{"text":"for","start":4766.69,"end":4766.81},{"text":"a","start":4766.81,"end":4766.85},{"text":"special","start":4766.85,"end":4767.21},{"text":"protection","start":4767.21,"end":4767.65},{"text":"of","start":4767.65,"end":4767.73},{"text":"children,","start":4767.73,"end":4768.29},{"text":"older","start":4768.77,"end":4769.09},{"text":"persons,","start":4769.09,"end":4769.73},{"text":"persons","start":4770.05,"end":4770.45},{"text":"with","start":4770.45,"end":4770.57},{"text":"disabilities","start":4770.57,"end":4771.41},{"text":"and","start":4771.49,"end":4771.73},{"text":"pregnant","start":4771.73,"end":4772.13},{"text":"women.","start":4772.13,"end":4772.53}]},{"text":"Draft Article 26 set out the right to notice, the right to be heard, the right to an effective remedy and the right to an interpreter.","start":4773.73,"end":4782.61,"topics":[{"key":"migrant-protections","label":"Migrant Protections","description":"Many statements focused on safeguards in expulsion proceedings, including due process, humane treatment, access to appeals, consular assistance, family unity, and protection against arbitrary or collective expulsion."}],"words":[{"text":"Draft","start":4773.73,"end":4774.05},{"text":"Article","start":4774.05,"end":4774.41},{"text":"26","start":4774.41,"end":4774.97},{"text":"set","start":4774.97,"end":4775.25},{"text":"out","start":4775.25,"end":4775.57},{"text":"the","start":4775.89,"end":4776.05},{"text":"right","start":4776.05,"end":4776.41},{"text":"to","start":4776.41,"end":4776.49},{"text":"notice,","start":4776.49,"end":4777.17},{"text":"the","start":4777.41,"end":4777.61},{"text":"right","start":4777.61,"end":4777.93},{"text":"to","start":4777.93,"end":4778.01},{"text":"be","start":4778.01,"end":4778.13},{"text":"heard,","start":4778.13,"end":4778.53},{"text":"the","start":4778.85,"end":4779.05},{"text":"right","start":4779.05,"end":4779.45},{"text":"to","start":4779.45,"end":4779.53},{"text":"an","start":4779.53,"end":4779.73},{"text":"effective","start":4779.73,"end":4780.21},{"text":"remedy","start":4780.21,"end":4780.77},{"text":"and","start":4781.01,"end":4781.13},{"text":"the","start":4781.13,"end":4781.25},{"text":"right","start":4781.25,"end":4781.61},{"text":"to","start":4781.61,"end":4781.69},{"text":"an","start":4781.69,"end":4781.81},{"text":"interpreter.","start":4781.81,"end":4782.61}]},{"text":"These are not obstacles to migration control.","start":4783.17,"end":4785.57,"topics":[{"key":"migrant-protections","label":"Migrant Protections","description":"Many statements focused on safeguards in expulsion proceedings, including due process, humane treatment, access to appeals, consular assistance, family unity, and protection against arbitrary or collective expulsion."}],"words":[{"text":"These","start":4783.17,"end":4783.41},{"text":"are","start":4783.41,"end":4783.49},{"text":"not","start":4783.49,"end":4783.73},{"text":"obstacles","start":4783.73,"end":4784.37},{"text":"to","start":4784.37,"end":4784.57},{"text":"migration","start":4784.57,"end":4785.05},{"text":"control.","start":4785.05,"end":4785.57}]},{"text":"They are what make migration control lawful.","start":4786.01,"end":4788.65,"topics":[{"key":"migrant-protections","label":"Migrant Protections","description":"Many statements focused on safeguards in expulsion proceedings, including due process, humane treatment, access to appeals, consular assistance, family unity, and protection against arbitrary or collective expulsion."}],"words":[{"text":"They","start":4786.01,"end":4786.21},{"text":"are","start":4786.21,"end":4786.33},{"text":"what","start":4786.33,"end":4786.65},{"text":"make","start":4786.65,"end":4786.89},{"text":"migration","start":4786.89,"end":4787.45},{"text":"control","start":4787.45,"end":4787.93},{"text":"lawful.","start":4788.09,"end":4788.65}]},{"text":"On the question before us, Bangladesh remains of the view it expressed in 2017.","start":4789.61,"end":4795.21,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"On","start":4789.61,"end":4789.73},{"text":"the","start":4789.73,"end":4789.85},{"text":"question","start":4789.85,"end":4790.29},{"text":"before","start":4790.29,"end":4790.65},{"text":"us,","start":4790.65,"end":4791.05},{"text":"Bangladesh","start":4791.45,"end":4792.01},{"text":"remains","start":4792.01,"end":4792.45},{"text":"of","start":4792.45,"end":4792.53},{"text":"the","start":4792.53,"end":4792.65},{"text":"view","start":4792.65,"end":4792.97},{"text":"it","start":4792.97,"end":4793.37},{"text":"expressed","start":4793.37,"end":4794.01},{"text":"in","start":4794.01,"end":4794.09},{"text":"2017.","start":4794.09,"end":4795.21}]},{"text":"The draft articles could form the basis of a convention at a suitable time.","start":4795.77,"end":4800.49,"topics":[{"key":"expulsion-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the Expulsion Draft Articles","description":"States differed on whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on expulsion of aliens should become a binding convention, remain non-binding guidance, or continue to be examined through further dialogue and working methods."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":4795.77,"end":4795.93},{"text":"draft","start":4795.93,"end":4796.25},{"text":"articles","start":4796.25,"end":4796.73},{"text":"could","start":4796.73,"end":4796.89},{"text":"form","start":4796.89,"end":4797.29},{"text":"the","start":4797.29,"end":4797.45},{"text":"basis","start":4797.45,"end":4797.85},{"text":"of","start":4797.85,"end":4797.97},{"text":"a","start":4797.97,"end":4798.01},{"text":"convention","start":4798.01,"end":4798.73},{"text":"at","start":4799.45,"end":4799.61},{"text":"a","start":4799.61,"end":4799.65},{"text":"suitable","start":4799.65,"end":4800.17},{"text":"time.","start":4800.17,"end":4800.49}]},{"text":"Some articles reflect settled law, others, such as those on the death penalty and on individual recourse to international bodies, involve progressive development and deserve careful discussion.","start":4801.45,"end":4815.61,"topics":[{"key":"expulsion-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the Expulsion Draft Articles","description":"States differed on whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on expulsion of aliens should become a binding convention, remain non-binding guidance, or continue to be examined through further dialogue and working methods."}],"words":[{"text":"Some","start":4801.45,"end":4801.77},{"text":"articles","start":4801.77,"end":4802.25},{"text":"reflect","start":4802.25,"end":4802.69},{"text":"settled","start":4802.69,"end":4803.37},{"text":"law,","start":4803.61,"end":4803.69},{"text":"others,","start":4803.69,"end":4804.17},{"text":"such","start":4804.81,"end":4805.13},{"text":"as","start":4805.13,"end":4805.29},{"text":"those","start":4805.29,"end":4805.65},{"text":"on","start":4805.65,"end":4805.77},{"text":"the","start":4805.77,"end":4805.89},{"text":"death","start":4805.89,"end":4806.05},{"text":"penalty","start":4806.05,"end":4806.65},{"text":"and","start":4807.21,"end":4807.61},{"text":"on","start":4807.61,"end":4807.77},{"text":"individual","start":4807.77,"end":4808.33},{"text":"recourse","start":4808.33,"end":4808.73},{"text":"to","start":4808.73,"end":4808.85},{"text":"international","start":4808.85,"end":4809.53},{"text":"bodies,","start":4809.53,"end":4810.09},{"text":"involve","start":4810.49,"end":4811.13},{"text":"progressive","start":4811.13,"end":4811.85},{"text":"development","start":4812.21,"end":4813.37},{"text":"and","start":4814.09,"end":4814.29},{"text":"deserve","start":4814.29,"end":4814.65},{"text":"careful","start":4814.65,"end":4815.05},{"text":"discussion.","start":4815.05,"end":4815.61}]},{"text":"In the meantime, Bangladesh would support the Assembly taking note of the articles and commending them to States as guidance.","start":4816.13,"end":4825.65,"topics":[{"key":"expulsion-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the Expulsion Draft Articles","description":"States differed on whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on expulsion of aliens should become a binding convention, remain non-binding guidance, or continue to be examined through further dialogue and working methods."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":4816.13,"end":4816.29},{"text":"the","start":4816.29,"end":4816.41},{"text":"meantime,","start":4816.41,"end":4817.01},{"text":"Bangladesh","start":4817.41,"end":4817.97},{"text":"would","start":4817.97,"end":4818.13},{"text":"support","start":4818.13,"end":4818.77},{"text":"the","start":4819.09,"end":4819.29},{"text":"Assembly","start":4819.33,"end":4819.97},{"text":"taking","start":4820.29,"end":4820.69},{"text":"note","start":4820.69,"end":4821.05},{"text":"of","start":4821.05,"end":4821.13},{"text":"the","start":4821.13,"end":4821.25},{"text":"articles","start":4821.25,"end":4821.97},{"text":"and","start":4822.21,"end":4822.45},{"text":"commending","start":4822.45,"end":4822.93},{"text":"them","start":4822.93,"end":4823.25},{"text":"to","start":4823.65,"end":4823.77},{"text":"States","start":4823.77,"end":4824.41},{"text":"as","start":4824.45,"end":4824.85},{"text":"guidance.","start":4824.85,"end":4825.65}]},{"text":"We are also open to a working group of this Committee so that States can examine the text article by article.","start":4826.13,"end":4833.41,"topics":[{"key":"expulsion-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the Expulsion Draft Articles","description":"States differed on whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on expulsion of aliens should become a binding convention, remain non-binding guidance, or continue to be examined through further dialogue and working methods."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4826.13,"end":4826.37},{"text":"are","start":4826.37,"end":4826.61},{"text":"also","start":4826.61,"end":4827.05},{"text":"open","start":4827.05,"end":4827.33},{"text":"to","start":4827.33,"end":4827.49},{"text":"a","start":4827.49,"end":4827.53},{"text":"working","start":4827.53,"end":4827.93},{"text":"group","start":4827.93,"end":4828.21},{"text":"of","start":4828.53,"end":4828.69},{"text":"this","start":4828.69,"end":4828.93},{"text":"Committee","start":4828.93,"end":4829.49},{"text":"so","start":4829.81,"end":4830.05},{"text":"that","start":4830.05,"end":4830.29},{"text":"States","start":4830.29,"end":4830.69},{"text":"can","start":4830.69,"end":4830.85},{"text":"examine","start":4830.85,"end":4831.33},{"text":"the","start":4831.33,"end":4831.45},{"text":"text","start":4831.45,"end":4831.97},{"text":"article","start":4832.29,"end":4832.73},{"text":"by","start":4832.73,"end":4832.93},{"text":"article.","start":4832.93,"end":4833.41}]},{"text":"Madame Chair, Kant reminded us that the treatment of a stranger is a question of right.","start":4834.17,"end":4839.73,"topics":[{"key":"migrant-protections","label":"Migrant Protections","description":"Many statements focused on safeguards in expulsion proceedings, including due process, humane treatment, access to appeals, consular assistance, family unity, and protection against arbitrary or collective expulsion."}],"words":[{"text":"Madame","start":4834.17,"end":4834.45},{"text":"Chair,","start":4834.45,"end":4834.85},{"text":"Kant","start":4835.41,"end":4835.69},{"text":"reminded","start":4835.69,"end":4836.21},{"text":"us","start":4836.21,"end":4836.61},{"text":"that","start":4836.85,"end":4837.01},{"text":"the","start":4837.01,"end":4837.13},{"text":"treatment","start":4837.13,"end":4837.65},{"text":"of","start":4837.65,"end":4837.73},{"text":"a","start":4837.73,"end":4837.81},{"text":"stranger","start":4837.81,"end":4838.53},{"text":"is","start":4838.53,"end":4838.69},{"text":"a","start":4838.69,"end":4838.73},{"text":"question","start":4838.73,"end":4839.09},{"text":"of","start":4839.09,"end":4839.25},{"text":"right.","start":4839.25,"end":4839.73}]},{"text":"Bangladesh As a country that hosts the displaced and a country whose citizens work across the world, we see both sides of that question.","start":4840.13,"end":4849.85,"topics":[{"key":"alien-expulsion","label":"Expulsion of Aliens","description":"Delegations debated states' authority to regulate the entry, stay, and removal of non-nationals, especially the relationship between expulsion powers, sovereignty, border control, national security, and public order."},{"key":"migrant-protections","label":"Migrant Protections","description":"Many statements focused on safeguards in expulsion proceedings, including due process, humane treatment, access to appeals, consular assistance, family unity, and protection against arbitrary or collective expulsion."}],"words":[{"text":"Bangladesh","start":4840.13,"end":4840.85},{"text":"As","start":4841.21,"end":4841.37},{"text":"a","start":4841.37,"end":4841.41},{"text":"country","start":4841.41,"end":4841.77},{"text":"that","start":4841.77,"end":4841.93},{"text":"hosts","start":4841.93,"end":4842.57},{"text":"the","start":4842.57,"end":4842.69},{"text":"displaced","start":4842.69,"end":4843.45},{"text":"and","start":4843.81,"end":4844.01},{"text":"a","start":4844.01,"end":4844.05},{"text":"country","start":4844.05,"end":4844.57},{"text":"whose","start":4844.81,"end":4844.97},{"text":"citizens","start":4844.97,"end":4845.45},{"text":"work","start":4845.45,"end":4845.69},{"text":"across","start":4845.69,"end":4846.01},{"text":"the","start":4846.01,"end":4846.17},{"text":"world,","start":4846.17,"end":4846.57},{"text":"we","start":4846.57,"end":4846.65},{"text":"see","start":4846.81,"end":4847.29},{"text":"both","start":4847.85,"end":4848.17},{"text":"sides","start":4848.17,"end":4848.73},{"text":"of","start":4848.89,"end":4849.05},{"text":"that","start":4849.05,"end":4849.25},{"text":"question.","start":4849.25,"end":4849.85}]},{"text":"We will continue to work with all delegations so that the right to expel and the rights of the expelled are held in balance by law.","start":4850.17,"end":4859.77,"topics":[{"key":"alien-expulsion","label":"Expulsion of Aliens","description":"Delegations debated states' authority to regulate the entry, stay, and removal of non-nationals, especially the relationship between expulsion powers, sovereignty, border control, national security, and public order."},{"key":"migrant-protections","label":"Migrant Protections","description":"Many statements focused on safeguards in expulsion proceedings, including due process, humane treatment, access to appeals, consular assistance, family unity, and protection against arbitrary or collective expulsion."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4850.17,"end":4850.29},{"text":"will","start":4850.29,"end":4850.49},{"text":"continue","start":4850.49,"end":4850.89},{"text":"to","start":4850.89,"end":4851.01},{"text":"work","start":4851.01,"end":4851.41},{"text":"with","start":4851.61,"end":4851.93},{"text":"all","start":4851.97,"end":4852.41},{"text":"delegations","start":4852.41,"end":4853.21},{"text":"so","start":4853.45,"end":4853.69},{"text":"that","start":4853.69,"end":4853.85},{"text":"the","start":4853.85,"end":4853.97},{"text":"right","start":4853.97,"end":4854.29},{"text":"to","start":4854.29,"end":4854.37},{"text":"expel","start":4854.37,"end":4854.97},{"text":"and","start":4855.49,"end":4855.65},{"text":"the","start":4855.65,"end":4855.73},{"text":"rights","start":4855.73,"end":4856.33},{"text":"of","start":4856.41,"end":4856.65},{"text":"the","start":4856.65,"end":4856.77},{"text":"expelled","start":4856.77,"end":4857.61},{"text":"are","start":4858.09,"end":4858.25},{"text":"held","start":4858.25,"end":4858.65},{"text":"in","start":4858.65,"end":4858.81},{"text":"balance","start":4858.81,"end":4859.29},{"text":"by","start":4859.29,"end":4859.45},{"text":"law.","start":4859.45,"end":4859.77}]},{"text":"I thank you, Madam Chair.","start":4860.01,"end":4860.97,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":4860.01,"end":4860.17},{"text":"thank","start":4860.17,"end":4860.37},{"text":"you,","start":4860.37,"end":4860.45},{"text":"Madam","start":4860.45,"end":4860.69},{"text":"Chair.","start":4860.69,"end":4860.97}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"BGD","group":null,"function":null,"affiliation_full":"Bangladesh"}},{"statement_number":33,"start":4861.93,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c6/81/24?lang=en&t=1:21:02","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of Bangladesh for his statement, and I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Singapore.","start":4861.93,"end":4868.81,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":4861.93,"end":4862.09},{"text":"thank","start":4862.09,"end":4862.41},{"text":"the","start":4862.41,"end":4862.49},{"text":"distinguished","start":4862.49,"end":4863.13},{"text":"representative","start":4863.13,"end":4863.93},{"text":"of","start":4863.93,"end":4864.09},{"text":"Bangladesh","start":4864.09,"end":4864.81},{"text":"for","start":4864.81,"end":4865.01},{"text":"his","start":4865.01,"end":4865.17},{"text":"statement,","start":4865.17,"end":4865.81},{"text":"and","start":4865.81,"end":4865.93},{"text":"I","start":4865.93,"end":4866.01},{"text":"give","start":4866.01,"end":4866.17},{"text":"the","start":4866.17,"end":4866.29},{"text":"floor","start":4866.29,"end":4866.57},{"text":"to","start":4866.57,"end":4866.65},{"text":"the","start":4866.65,"end":4866.73},{"text":"distinguished","start":4866.73,"end":4867.25},{"text":"representative","start":4867.25,"end":4868.01},{"text":"of","start":4868.01,"end":4868.17},{"text":"Singapore.","start":4868.17,"end":4868.81}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"6th Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair","affiliation_full":"6th Committee"}},{"statement_number":34,"start":4871.21,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c6/81/24?lang=en&t=1:21:12","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Madam Chair, the topic on expulsion of aliens is a complex one, given the sensitive interface between a state's sovereign right to expel aliens from its territory, that state's obligation to comply with applicable international human rights law, and the rights and obligations of receiving states, as well as of individuals.","start":4871.21,"end":4896.41,"topics":[{"key":"alien-expulsion","label":"Expulsion of Aliens","description":"Delegations debated states' authority to regulate the entry, stay, and removal of non-nationals, especially the relationship between expulsion powers, sovereignty, border control, national security, and public order."},{"key":"migrant-protections","label":"Migrant Protections","description":"Many statements focused on safeguards in expulsion proceedings, including due process, humane treatment, access to appeals, consular assistance, family unity, and protection against arbitrary or collective expulsion."}],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":4871.21,"end":4871.61},{"text":"Chair,","start":4871.61,"end":4871.93},{"text":"the","start":4872.97,"end":4873.09},{"text":"topic","start":4873.09,"end":4873.53},{"text":"on","start":4873.53,"end":4873.69},{"text":"expulsion","start":4873.69,"end":4874.29},{"text":"of","start":4874.29,"end":4874.41},{"text":"aliens","start":4874.41,"end":4875.05},{"text":"is","start":4875.05,"end":4875.25},{"text":"a","start":4875.25,"end":4875.29},{"text":"complex","start":4875.29,"end":4875.85},{"text":"one,","start":4875.85,"end":4876.25},{"text":"given","start":4876.97,"end":4877.29},{"text":"the","start":4877.29,"end":4877.45},{"text":"sensitive","start":4877.45,"end":4878.01},{"text":"interface","start":4878.09,"end":4878.89},{"text":"between","start":4878.89,"end":4879.25},{"text":"a","start":4879.25,"end":4879.29},{"text":"state's","start":4879.29,"end":4879.73},{"text":"sovereign","start":4879.73,"end":4880.09},{"text":"right","start":4880.09,"end":4880.65},{"text":"to","start":4880.97,"end":4881.09},{"text":"expel","start":4881.09,"end":4881.45},{"text":"aliens","start":4881.45,"end":4881.93},{"text":"from","start":4881.93,"end":4882.13},{"text":"its","start":4882.13,"end":4882.25},{"text":"territory,","start":4882.25,"end":4882.89},{"text":"that","start":4884.25,"end":4884.41},{"text":"state's","start":4884.41,"end":4884.89},{"text":"obligation","start":4884.89,"end":4885.61},{"text":"to","start":4885.61,"end":4885.93},{"text":"comply","start":4885.93,"end":4886.45},{"text":"with","start":4886.45,"end":4886.61},{"text":"applicable","start":4886.73,"end":4887.53},{"text":"international","start":4887.77,"end":4888.45},{"text":"human","start":4888.45,"end":4888.73},{"text":"rights","start":4888.73,"end":4889.05},{"text":"law,","start":4889.05,"end":4889.45},{"text":"and","start":4890.73,"end":4890.93},{"text":"the","start":4890.93,"end":4891.01},{"text":"rights","start":4891.01,"end":4891.45},{"text":"and","start":4891.45,"end":4891.65},{"text":"obligations","start":4891.65,"end":4892.41},{"text":"of","start":4892.41,"end":4892.49},{"text":"receiving","start":4892.49,"end":4893.13},{"text":"states,","start":4893.13,"end":4893.85},{"text":"as","start":4894.73,"end":4894.89},{"text":"well","start":4894.89,"end":4895.09},{"text":"as","start":4895.09,"end":4895.29},{"text":"of","start":4895.29,"end":4895.53},{"text":"individuals.","start":4895.53,"end":4896.41}]},{"text":"Singapore has expressed our concerns consistently on the content of the draft articles over the years.","start":4897.49,"end":4905.33,"topics":[{"key":"expulsion-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the Expulsion Draft Articles","description":"States differed on whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on expulsion of aliens should become a binding convention, remain non-binding guidance, or continue to be examined through further dialogue and working methods."}],"words":[{"text":"Singapore","start":4897.49,"end":4897.93},{"text":"has","start":4897.93,"end":4898.13},{"text":"expressed","start":4898.13,"end":4898.77},{"text":"our","start":4898.85,"end":4899.01},{"text":"concerns","start":4899.01,"end":4899.89},{"text":"consistently","start":4900.13,"end":4901.17},{"text":"on","start":4901.81,"end":4901.97},{"text":"the","start":4901.97,"end":4902.05},{"text":"content","start":4902.05,"end":4902.77},{"text":"of","start":4903.09,"end":4903.25},{"text":"the","start":4903.25,"end":4903.33},{"text":"draft","start":4903.33,"end":4903.69},{"text":"articles","start":4903.69,"end":4904.37},{"text":"over","start":4904.45,"end":4904.77},{"text":"the","start":4904.77,"end":4904.85},{"text":"years.","start":4904.85,"end":4905.33}]},{"text":"We remain of the firm view that progressive development in respect of the laws and practices applicable to the expulsion of aliens must be approached with caution.","start":4906.93,"end":4919.09,"topics":[{"key":"expulsion-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the Expulsion Draft Articles","description":"States differed on whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on expulsion of aliens should become a binding convention, remain non-binding guidance, or continue to be examined through further dialogue and working methods."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4906.93,"end":4907.33},{"text":"remain","start":4907.33,"end":4907.97},{"text":"of","start":4907.97,"end":4908.13},{"text":"the","start":4908.13,"end":4908.21},{"text":"firm","start":4908.21,"end":4908.53},{"text":"view","start":4908.53,"end":4909.01},{"text":"that","start":4909.09,"end":4909.49},{"text":"progressive","start":4909.73,"end":4910.53},{"text":"development","start":4910.53,"end":4911.25},{"text":"in","start":4911.25,"end":4911.41},{"text":"respect","start":4911.41,"end":4912.09},{"text":"of","start":4912.73,"end":4912.85},{"text":"the","start":4912.85,"end":4912.97},{"text":"laws","start":4912.97,"end":4913.37},{"text":"and","start":4913.37,"end":4913.49},{"text":"practices","start":4913.49,"end":4914.21},{"text":"applicable","start":4914.29,"end":4914.93},{"text":"to","start":4914.93,"end":4915.13},{"text":"the","start":4915.13,"end":4915.21},{"text":"expulsion","start":4915.21,"end":4915.77},{"text":"of","start":4915.77,"end":4915.89},{"text":"aliens","start":4915.89,"end":4916.45},{"text":"must","start":4917.33,"end":4917.65},{"text":"be","start":4917.65,"end":4917.81},{"text":"approached","start":4917.81,"end":4918.29},{"text":"with","start":4918.29,"end":4918.45},{"text":"caution.","start":4918.45,"end":4919.09}]},{"text":"In this respect, we maintain our concerns alongside other delegations about the lack of distinction between codification and progressive development in the draft articles and its commentaries.","start":4920.37,"end":4934.77,"topics":[{"key":"expulsion-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the Expulsion Draft Articles","description":"States differed on whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on expulsion of aliens should become a binding convention, remain non-binding guidance, or continue to be examined through further dialogue and working methods."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":4920.37,"end":4920.53},{"text":"this","start":4920.53,"end":4920.77},{"text":"respect,","start":4920.77,"end":4921.25},{"text":"we","start":4921.73,"end":4921.89},{"text":"maintain","start":4921.89,"end":4922.37},{"text":"our","start":4922.37,"end":4922.45},{"text":"concerns","start":4922.45,"end":4923.33},{"text":"alongside","start":4923.93,"end":4924.73},{"text":"other","start":4924.73,"end":4924.89},{"text":"delegations","start":4924.89,"end":4925.81},{"text":"about","start":4926.45,"end":4926.73},{"text":"the","start":4926.73,"end":4926.81},{"text":"lack","start":4926.81,"end":4927.17},{"text":"of","start":4927.17,"end":4927.33},{"text":"distinction","start":4927.33,"end":4928.21},{"text":"between","start":4928.21,"end":4928.69},{"text":"codification","start":4928.69,"end":4929.65},{"text":"and","start":4930.53,"end":4930.77},{"text":"progressive","start":4930.77,"end":4931.33},{"text":"development","start":4931.33,"end":4931.93},{"text":"in","start":4931.93,"end":4932.05},{"text":"the","start":4932.05,"end":4932.13},{"text":"draft","start":4932.13,"end":4932.49},{"text":"articles","start":4932.49,"end":4933.25},{"text":"and","start":4933.57,"end":4933.77},{"text":"its","start":4933.77,"end":4933.89},{"text":"commentaries.","start":4933.89,"end":4934.77}]},{"text":"We also reiterate our opposition to the expanded principle of non-refoulement articulated in paragraph 2 of draft article 23.","start":4936.13,"end":4946.77,"topics":[{"key":"non-refoulement","label":"Non-Refoulement","description":"Several delegations discussed the scope and legal status of non-refoulement, including whether people may be returned to places where they face persecution, torture, death, or other serious harm."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4936.13,"end":4936.29},{"text":"also","start":4936.29,"end":4936.61},{"text":"reiterate","start":4936.61,"end":4937.41},{"text":"our","start":4937.61,"end":4937.69},{"text":"opposition","start":4937.69,"end":4938.45},{"text":"to","start":4939.41,"end":4939.61},{"text":"the","start":4939.61,"end":4939.69},{"text":"expanded","start":4939.69,"end":4940.29},{"text":"principle","start":4940.29,"end":4940.81},{"text":"of","start":4940.81,"end":4940.93},{"text":"non-refoulement","start":4940.93,"end":4941.85},{"text":"articulated","start":4942.69,"end":4943.49},{"text":"in","start":4943.49,"end":4943.81},{"text":"paragraph","start":4943.81,"end":4944.37},{"text":"2","start":4944.37,"end":4944.77},{"text":"of","start":4945.05,"end":4945.21},{"text":"draft","start":4945.21,"end":4945.57},{"text":"article","start":4945.57,"end":4946.05},{"text":"23.","start":4946.05,"end":4946.77}]},{"text":"That paragraph is not reflective of customary international law.","start":4948.29,"end":4952.49,"topics":[{"key":"non-refoulement","label":"Non-Refoulement","description":"Several delegations discussed the scope and legal status of non-refoulement, including whether people may be returned to places where they face persecution, torture, death, or other serious harm."}],"words":[{"text":"That","start":4948.29,"end":4948.61},{"text":"paragraph","start":4948.61,"end":4949.17},{"text":"is","start":4949.17,"end":4949.33},{"text":"not","start":4949.33,"end":4949.57},{"text":"reflective","start":4949.57,"end":4950.37},{"text":"of","start":4950.53,"end":4950.69},{"text":"customary","start":4950.69,"end":4951.41},{"text":"international","start":4951.41,"end":4952.41},{"text":"law.","start":4952.41,"end":4952.49}]},{"text":"There is no customary international law obligation to the effect that a state that has abolished the death penalty is bound not to expel a person to another state where the death penalty may be imposed.","start":4954.33,"end":4969.29,"topics":[{"key":"non-refoulement","label":"Non-Refoulement","description":"Several delegations discussed the scope and legal status of non-refoulement, including whether people may be returned to places where they face persecution, torture, death, or other serious 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on the question of form to be given to the draft articles, Singapore does not support their status as draft articles.","start":4970.73,"end":4978.65,"topics":[{"key":"expulsion-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the Expulsion Draft Articles","description":"States differed on whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on expulsion of aliens should become a binding convention, remain non-binding guidance, or continue to be examined through further dialogue and working 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General Assembly should simply take note of the draft articles, as well as the concerns and reservations expressed by the delegations on them.","start":4979.37,"end":4988.81,"topics":[{"key":"expulsion-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the Expulsion Draft Articles","description":"States differed on whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on expulsion of aliens should become a binding convention, remain non-binding guidance, or continue to be examined through further dialogue and working 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thank you.","start":4989.29,"end":4989.85,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":4989.29,"end":4989.45},{"text":"thank","start":4989.45,"end":4989.69},{"text":"you.","start":4989.69,"end":4989.85}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"SGP","group":null,"function":null,"affiliation_full":"Singapore"}},{"statement_number":35,"start":4992.25,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c6/81/24?lang=en&t=1:23:13","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the Distinguished Representative of Singapore, the last speaker on the list for this agenda item.","start":4992.25,"end":4998.89,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":4992.25,"end":4992.33},{"text":"thank","start":4992.33,"end":4992.65},{"text":"the","start":4992.65,"end":4992.77},{"text":"Distinguished","start":4992.77,"end":4993.53},{"text":"Representative","start":4993.53,"end":4994.45},{"text":"of","start":4994.45,"end":4994.57},{"text":"Singapore,","start":4994.57,"end":4995.37},{"text":"the","start":4995.53,"end":4995.73},{"text":"last","start":4995.73,"end":4996.01},{"text":"speaker","start":4996.01,"end":4996.49},{"text":"on","start":4996.49,"end":4996.73},{"text":"the","start":4996.73,"end":4996.81},{"text":"list","start":4996.81,"end":4997.21},{"text":"for","start":4997.21,"end":4997.45},{"text":"this","start":4997.45,"end":4997.77},{"text":"agenda","start":4997.77,"end":4998.41},{"text":"item.","start":4998.41,"end":4998.89}]},{"text":"We have thus concluded our debate on agenda item 80, expulsion of 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invite Mr. Pannier to take the floor and to provide an update.","start":5016.05,"end":5021.41,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":5016.05,"end":5016.29},{"text":"invite","start":5016.29,"end":5016.93},{"text":"Mr.","start":5017.33,"end":5017.73},{"text":"Pannier","start":5017.73,"end":5018.29},{"text":"to","start":5018.53,"end":5018.93},{"text":"take","start":5019.25,"end":5019.49},{"text":"the","start":5019.49,"end":5019.57},{"text":"floor","start":5019.57,"end":5019.97},{"text":"and","start":5019.97,"end":5020.13},{"text":"to","start":5020.13,"end":5020.21},{"text":"provide","start":5020.21,"end":5020.69},{"text":"an","start":5020.69,"end":5020.85},{"text":"update.","start":5020.85,"end":5021.41}]},{"text":"You have the floor, 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Chair.","start":5030.21,"end":5032.97,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Giving","start":5030.21,"end":5030.65},{"text":"me","start":5030.69,"end":5030.93},{"text":"the","start":5030.93,"end":5031.05},{"text":"floor","start":5031.05,"end":5031.37},{"text":"once","start":5031.37,"end":5031.77},{"text":"again,","start":5031.77,"end":5032.29},{"text":"Madam","start":5032.29,"end":5032.65},{"text":"Chair.","start":5032.65,"end":5032.97}]},{"text":"Madam Chair, distinguished colleagues, I have keenly listened to the various debates and the statements of various 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expulsion of aliens, I have the honor to inform you that the zero draft will be distributed today.","start":5041.81,"end":5053.37,"topics":[{"key":"expulsion-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the Expulsion Draft Articles","description":"States differed on whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on expulsion of aliens should become a binding convention, remain non-binding guidance, or continue to be examined through further dialogue and working 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will incorporate the technical updates that were needed.","start":5054.49,"end":5057.93,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"It","start":5054.49,"end":5054.73},{"text":"will","start":5054.73,"end":5054.97},{"text":"incorporate","start":5054.97,"end":5055.73},{"text":"the","start":5055.73,"end":5055.85},{"text":"technical","start":5055.85,"end":5056.25},{"text":"updates","start":5056.25,"end":5056.81},{"text":"that","start":5056.81,"end":5056.97},{"text":"were","start":5056.97,"end":5057.13},{"text":"needed.","start":5057.13,"end":5057.93}]},{"text":"And the first series of informal consultations will take place on Friday, October 23rd at 2 p.m.","start":5059.57,"end":5067.33,"topics":[{"key":"expulsion-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the Expulsion Draft Articles","description":"States differed on whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on expulsion of aliens should become a binding convention, remain non-binding guidance, or continue to be examined through further 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facilitate a constructive dialogue in the spirit of cooperation.","start":5073.65,"end":5080.49,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":5073.65,"end":5073.77},{"text":"I","start":5073.77,"end":5073.93},{"text":"am","start":5073.93,"end":5074.17},{"text":"fully","start":5075.29,"end":5075.77},{"text":"available","start":5075.77,"end":5076.33},{"text":"to","start":5076.33,"end":5076.65},{"text":"facilitate","start":5077.37,"end":5077.89},{"text":"a","start":5077.89,"end":5077.93},{"text":"constructive","start":5077.93,"end":5078.37},{"text":"dialogue","start":5078.37,"end":5078.81},{"text":"in","start":5078.81,"end":5078.89},{"text":"the","start":5078.89,"end":5078.97},{"text":"spirit","start":5078.97,"end":5079.29},{"text":"of","start":5079.29,"end":5079.37},{"text":"cooperation.","start":5079.37,"end":5080.49}]},{"text":"in order to arrive at a consensus.","start":5080.97,"end":5082.97,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"in","start":5080.97,"end":5081.13},{"text":"order","start":5081.13,"end":5081.37},{"text":"to","start":5081.37,"end":5081.61},{"text":"arrive","start":5081.61,"end":5081.97},{"text":"at","start":5081.97,"end":5082.05},{"text":"a","start":5082.05,"end":5082.09},{"text":"consensus.","start":5082.09,"end":5082.97}]},{"text":"I'd like to thank in advance the delegations for their cooperation and their support in this work.","start":5082.97,"end":5089.61,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I'd","start":5082.97,"end":5083.17},{"text":"like","start":5083.17,"end":5083.29},{"text":"to","start":5083.29,"end":5083.61},{"text":"thank","start":5083.61,"end":5084.01},{"text":"in","start":5084.17,"end":5084.33},{"text":"advance","start":5084.33,"end":5084.93},{"text":"the","start":5084.93,"end":5085.01},{"text":"delegations","start":5085.01,"end":5085.77},{"text":"for","start":5085.77,"end":5086.13},{"text":"their","start":5086.13,"end":5086.33},{"text":"cooperation","start":5086.33,"end":5087.05},{"text":"and","start":5087.05,"end":5087.37},{"text":"their","start":5087.37,"end":5087.61},{"text":"support","start":5087.61,"end":5088.41},{"text":"in","start":5088.81,"end":5089.05},{"text":"this","start":5089.05,"end":5089.21},{"text":"work.","start":5089.21,"end":5089.61}]},{"text":"Thank you, Madam Chair.","start":5089.61,"end":5090.57,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":5089.61,"end":5089.85},{"text":"you,","start":5089.85,"end":5089.93},{"text":"Madam","start":5089.93,"end":5090.25},{"text":"Chair.","start":5090.25,"end":5090.57}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"HTI","group":null,"function":"Coordinator","affiliation_full":"Haiti"}},{"statement_number":37,"start":5091.45,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c6/81/24?lang=en&t=1:24:52","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank Mr. Pannier for the update, and I encourage the coordinator to use the e-sponsorship module in the e-delegate portal for the circulation of the draft 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delegates, the Sixth Committee will now undertake its debate on agenda item 87, responsibility of international organizations.","start":5102.77,"end":5112.93,"topics":[{"key":"io-responsibility","label":"Responsibility of International Organizations","description":"Delegations examined whether international organizations, as subjects of international law, incur responsibility for internationally wrongful acts and how accountability should operate as their role in global governance 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item.","start":5113.33,"end":5117.33,"topics":[{"key":"io-responsibility","label":"Responsibility of International Organizations","description":"Delegations examined whether international organizations, as subjects of international law, incur responsibility for internationally wrongful acts and how accountability should operate as their role in global governance expands."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":5113.33,"end":5113.45},{"text":"Committee","start":5113.45,"end":5113.89},{"text":"has","start":5113.89,"end":5114.21},{"text":"two","start":5114.21,"end":5114.45},{"text":"reports","start":5114.45,"end":5115.09},{"text":"before","start":5115.09,"end":5115.53},{"text":"it","start":5115.53,"end":5115.77},{"text":"under","start":5115.77,"end":5116.05},{"text":"the","start":5116.05,"end":5116.17},{"text":"agenda","start":5116.17,"end":5116.69},{"text":"item.","start":5116.69,"end":5117.33}]},{"text":"the report of the secretary general containing comments and information received from governments and international organizations which is contained in document a/81/222 as well as the report of the secretary general providing information on decisions of international courts and tribunals con contained in document a/81/83 these reports are available on the website of the sixth committee.","start":5117.97,"end":5149.41,"topics":[{"key":"io-responsibility","label":"Responsibility of International Organizations","description":"Delegations examined whether international organizations, as subjects of international law, incur responsibility for internationally wrongful acts and how accountability should operate as their role in global governance 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are about 30 speakers on the list.","start":5149.73,"end":5152.61,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"There","start":5149.73,"end":5150.05},{"text":"are","start":5150.05,"end":5150.29},{"text":"about","start":5150.29,"end":5150.81},{"text":"30","start":5150.81,"end":5151.01},{"text":"speakers","start":5151.01,"end":5151.73},{"text":"on","start":5151.73,"end":5151.97},{"text":"the","start":5151.97,"end":5152.05},{"text":"list.","start":5152.05,"end":5152.61}]},{"text":"I request delegations who have inscribed but may no longer wish to take the floor, or those who may wish to take the floor not at their stipulated spot but at a later moment, to inform the secretariat in good time so that we can have a smooth flow of the list of 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first speaker on the list is the distinguished representative of the European Union.","start":5172.81,"end":5177.69,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":5172.81,"end":5172.97},{"text":"first","start":5172.97,"end":5173.21},{"text":"speaker","start":5173.21,"end":5173.61},{"text":"on","start":5173.61,"end":5173.85},{"text":"the","start":5173.85,"end":5173.97},{"text":"list","start":5174.01,"end":5174.49},{"text":"is","start":5174.49,"end":5174.73},{"text":"the","start":5174.73,"end":5174.81},{"text":"distinguished","start":5174.81,"end":5175.61},{"text":"representative","start":5175.61,"end":5176.57},{"text":"of","start":5176.57,"end":5176.73},{"text":"the","start":5176.73,"end":5176.81},{"text":"European","start":5176.81,"end":5177.29},{"text":"Union.","start":5177.29,"end":5177.69}]},{"text":"You have the 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statement.","start":5186.45,"end":5197.05,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":5186.45,"end":5186.49},{"text":"candidate","start":5186.49,"end":5186.89},{"text":"countries","start":5186.89,"end":5187.45},{"text":"North","start":5187.45,"end":5187.73},{"text":"Macedonia,","start":5187.73,"end":5188.57},{"text":"Montenegro,","start":5188.65,"end":5189.53},{"text":"Albania,","start":5189.73,"end":5190.49},{"text":"Ukraine,","start":5190.57,"end":5191.29},{"text":"the","start":5191.53,"end":5191.65},{"text":"Republic","start":5191.65,"end":5192.13},{"text":"of","start":5192.13,"end":5192.21},{"text":"Moldova,","start":5192.21,"end":5192.81},{"text":"Bosnia","start":5193.21,"end":5193.53},{"text":"and","start":5193.53,"end":5193.65},{"text":"Herzegovina,","start":5193.65,"end":5194.49},{"text":"and","start":5194.49,"end":5194.73},{"text":"Georgia","start":5194.73,"end":5195.25},{"text":"aligned","start":5195.25,"end":5195.49},{"text":"themselves","start":5195.49,"end":5196.17},{"text":"with","start":5196.17,"end":5196.33},{"text":"this","start":5196.33,"end":5196.45},{"text":"statement.","start":5196.45,"end":5197.05}]},{"text":"We thank the Secretary General for his two reports under this item, and we reiterate our appreciation for the work of the International Law Commission and of its special rapporteur, Professor Giorgio Gaia.","start":5197.77,"end":5208.49,"topics":[{"key":"io-responsibility","label":"Responsibility of International Organizations","description":"Delegations examined whether international organizations, as subjects of international law, incur responsibility for internationally wrongful acts and how accountability should operate as their role in global governance expands."},{"key":"io-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the RIO Draft Articles","description":"Many delegations debated whether the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations are mature enough for treaty negotiations or should remain as a reference text until more practice and broader consensus 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European Union has contributed to the Commission's work from its early stages.","start":5209.61,"end":5213.45,"topics":[{"key":"io-responsibility","label":"Responsibility of International Organizations","description":"Delegations examined whether international organizations, as subjects of international law, incur responsibility for internationally wrongful acts and how accountability should operate as their role in global governance 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2011.","start":5213.89,"end":5217.97,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"through","start":5213.89,"end":5214.01},{"text":"written","start":5214.01,"end":5214.37},{"text":"comments","start":5214.37,"end":5214.81},{"text":"submitted","start":5214.81,"end":5215.29},{"text":"between","start":5215.29,"end":5215.65},{"text":"2004","start":5215.65,"end":5216.61},{"text":"and","start":5216.61,"end":5216.93},{"text":"2011.","start":5216.93,"end":5217.97}]},{"text":"As we recall, at the 78th session, the European Union is an international organization that has achieved a very high degree of integration with an autonomous legal order.","start":5218.61,"end":5227.49,"topics":[{"key":"io-responsibility","label":"Responsibility of International Organizations","description":"Delegations examined whether international organizations, as subjects of international law, incur responsibility for internationally wrongful acts and how accountability should operate as their role in global governance 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therefore consider draft Article 64 particularly relevant as it recognizes the questions of responsibility may be governed by special rules of international law, including the rules of the organization applicable to the relations between the organizations and its members.","start":5227.89,"end":5243.17,"topics":[{"key":"attribution-allocation","label":"Attribution and Allocation of Responsibility","description":"Speakers discussed how conduct should be attributed to international organizations and how responsibility should be allocated between organizations and member states, especially in cases involving delegated authority, effective control, sanctions, or joint action."},{"key":"io-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the RIO Draft Articles","description":"Many delegations debated whether the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations are mature enough for treaty negotiations or should remain as a reference text until more practice and broader consensus 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in resolution 78/114, the General Assembly included this item in the agenda of this session with a view to further examining the Commission's recommendation to consider at a later stage the elaboration of a convention on the basis of the draft articles or any other appropriate action.","start":5244.25,"end":5263.53,"topics":[{"key":"io-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the RIO Draft Articles","description":"Many delegations debated whether the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations are mature enough for treaty negotiations or should remain as a reference text until more practice and broader consensus 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also invited this committee to consider at a later stage the framework, if any, in which it could continue its examination of this topic.","start":5264.33,"end":5274.25,"topics":[{"key":"io-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the RIO Draft Articles","description":"Many delegations debated whether the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations are mature enough for treaty negotiations or should remain as a reference text until more practice and broader consensus 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that regard, we would like to make the following five points.","start":5275.61,"end":5278.97,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":5275.61,"end":5275.77},{"text":"that","start":5275.77,"end":5276.01},{"text":"regard,","start":5276.01,"end":5276.45},{"text":"we","start":5276.45,"end":5276.53},{"text":"would","start":5276.53,"end":5276.65},{"text":"like","start":5276.65,"end":5276.89},{"text":"to","start":5276.89,"end":5277.01},{"text":"make","start":5277.01,"end":5277.45},{"text":"the","start":5277.53,"end":5277.73},{"text":"following","start":5277.73,"end":5278.17},{"text":"five","start":5278.17,"end":5278.45},{"text":"points.","start":5278.45,"end":5278.97}]},{"text":"First, while the draft article set out a comprehensive legal regime following the model adopted by the Commission with regard to the responsibility of states, The Commission itself acknowledged that several draft articles are based on limited practice and that their authority will depend upon their reception by those to whom they are addressed.","start":5279.93,"end":5300.41,"topics":[{"key":"io-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the RIO Draft Articles","description":"Many delegations debated whether the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations are mature enough for treaty negotiations or should remain as a reference text until more practice and broader consensus 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practice of states and international organizations with regard to some of the draft articles remains limited or inconsistent.","start":5301.45,"end":5309.21,"topics":[{"key":"io-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the RIO Draft Articles","description":"Many delegations debated whether the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations are mature enough for treaty negotiations or should remain as a reference text until more practice and broader consensus develop."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":5301.45,"end":5301.57},{"text":"practice","start":5301.57,"end":5302.25},{"text":"of","start":5302.25,"end":5302.41},{"text":"states","start":5302.41,"end":5302.97},{"text":"and","start":5302.97,"end":5303.09},{"text":"international","start":5303.09,"end":5303.57},{"text":"organizations","start":5303.57,"end":5304.33},{"text":"with","start":5304.33,"end":5304.53},{"text":"regard","start":5304.53,"end":5304.93},{"text":"to","start":5304.93,"end":5305.05},{"text":"some","start":5305.05,"end":5305.33},{"text":"of","start":5305.33,"end":5305.41},{"text":"the","start":5305.41,"end":5305.53},{"text":"draft","start":5305.53,"end":5305.81},{"text":"articles","start":5305.81,"end":5306.41},{"text":"remains","start":5306.73,"end":5307.29},{"text":"limited","start":5307.29,"end":5307.93},{"text":"or","start":5308.01,"end":5308.33},{"text":"inconsistent.","start":5308.33,"end":5309.21}]},{"text":"Second.","start":5310.57,"end":5311.13,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Second.","start":5310.57,"end":5311.13}]},{"text":"The Secretary-General's latest compilation records no references to the draft articles in decisions of international courts, tribunals, and other bodies over the past three years.","start":5312.05,"end":5322.61,"topics":[{"key":"io-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the RIO Draft Articles","description":"Many delegations debated whether the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations are mature enough for treaty negotiations or should remain as a reference text until more practice and broader consensus 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we recall the close relationship between the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations and those on responsibility of states for internationally wrongful acts, on which this committee has not yet reached agreement as to their future form.","start":5323.49,"end":5338.53,"topics":[{"key":"io-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the RIO Draft Articles","description":"Many delegations debated whether the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations are mature enough for treaty negotiations or should remain as a reference text until more practice and broader consensus 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our view, The question of the form of the present draft article should not be decided before that matter is decided, even though discussion on each of the two topics merit being pursued on their own merits.","start":5339.41,"end":5350.49,"topics":[{"key":"io-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the RIO Draft Articles","description":"Many delegations debated whether the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations are mature enough for treaty negotiations or should remain as a reference text until more practice and broader consensus 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the ILC this year adopted on first reading draft guidelines on the settlement of dispute to which international organizations are 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closely related work, including on the definition of an international organization, building on the definition contained in the draft articles, should be taken into account in any future consideration of this 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the present draft articles, the ILC recommends that the Assembly take note of them and consider the elaboration of a convention at a later stage.","start":5384.13,"end":5392.53,"topics":[{"key":"io-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the RIO Draft Articles","description":"Many delegations debated whether the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations are mature enough for treaty negotiations or should remain as a reference text until more practice and broader consensus 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the draft articles already provide a useful reference.","start":5401.17,"end":5406.29,"topics":[{"key":"io-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the RIO Draft Articles","description":"Many delegations debated whether the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations are mature enough for treaty negotiations or should remain as a reference text until more practice and broader consensus 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International Organizations, adopted by the ILC in 2011, represent an important step forward in the codification and progressive development of the rules of international law in the field of international responsibility.","start":5450.21,"end":5466.49,"topics":[{"key":"io-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the RIO Draft Articles","description":"Many delegations debated whether the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations are mature enough for treaty negotiations or should remain as a reference text until more practice and broader consensus develop."},{"key":"io-responsibility","label":"Responsibility of International Organizations","description":"Delegations examined whether international organizations, as subjects of international law, incur responsibility for internationally wrongful acts and how accountability should operate as their role in global governance 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consideration of this topic by the Sixth Committee is of practical significance for further clarifying the rights and obligations of States and international organizations and for ensuring international organizations discharge their functions in accordance with the law.","start":5466.97,"end":5479.13,"topics":[{"key":"io-responsibility","label":"Responsibility of International Organizations","description":"Delegations examined whether international organizations, as subjects of international law, incur responsibility for internationally wrongful acts and how accountability should operate as their role in global governance 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statutes.","start":5489.45,"end":5494.85,"topics":[{"key":"io-responsibility","label":"Responsibility of International Organizations","description":"Delegations examined whether international organizations, as subjects of international law, incur responsibility for internationally wrongful acts and how accountability should operate as their role in global governance expands."}],"words":[{"text":"International","start":5489.45,"end":5489.97},{"text":"organizations","start":5489.97,"end":5490.65},{"text":"are","start":5490.65,"end":5490.81},{"text":"established","start":5490.81,"end":5491.33},{"text":"by","start":5491.33,"end":5491.45},{"text":"states","start":5491.45,"end":5491.93},{"text":"and","start":5491.93,"end":5492.09},{"text":"operate","start":5492.09,"end":5492.49},{"text":"under","start":5492.49,"end":5492.77},{"text":"powers","start":5492.77,"end":5493.13},{"text":"conferred","start":5493.13,"end":5493.65},{"text":"upon","start":5493.65,"end":5494.01},{"text":"them","start":5494.01,"end":5494.17},{"text":"by","start":5494.17,"end":5494.33},{"text":"their","start":5494.33,"end":5494.45},{"text":"statutes.","start":5494.45,"end":5494.85}]},{"text":"Their legal status, sources of authority, and operational mechanism differ fundamentally from those of sovereign states.","start":5495.29,"end":5501.53,"topics":[{"key":"io-responsibility","label":"Responsibility of International Organizations","description":"Delegations examined whether international organizations, as subjects of international law, incur responsibility for internationally wrongful acts and how accountability should operate as their role in global governance expands."}],"words":[{"text":"Their","start":5495.29,"end":5495.41},{"text":"legal","start":5495.41,"end":5495.73},{"text":"status,","start":5495.73,"end":5496.37},{"text":"sources","start":5496.37,"end":5496.77},{"text":"of","start":5496.77,"end":5496.89},{"text":"authority,","start":5496.97,"end":5497.53},{"text":"and","start":5497.53,"end":5497.69},{"text":"operational","start":5497.69,"end":5498.21},{"text":"mechanism","start":5498.21,"end":5498.73},{"text":"differ","start":5498.73,"end":5499.05},{"text":"fundamentally","start":5499.05,"end":5499.85},{"text":"from","start":5500.01,"end":5500.25},{"text":"those","start":5500.25,"end":5500.49},{"text":"of","start":5500.49,"end":5500.57},{"text":"sovereign","start":5500.57,"end":5500.97},{"text":"states.","start":5500.97,"end":5501.53}]},{"text":"The codification and progressive development of relevant rules must respect this fundamental distinction, taking into account the differences in the functions and statutes of various international organizations, and avoid simply drawing analogies with the rules on state responsibility.","start":5501.85,"end":5515.33,"topics":[{"key":"io-responsibility","label":"Responsibility of International Organizations","description":"Delegations examined whether international organizations, as subjects of international law, incur responsibility for internationally wrongful acts and how accountability should operate as their role in global governance expands."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":5501.85,"end":5501.93},{"text":"codification","start":5501.93,"end":5502.73},{"text":"and","start":5502.73,"end":5502.85},{"text":"progressive","start":5502.85,"end":5503.29},{"text":"development","start":5503.29,"end":5503.85},{"text":"of","start":5503.85,"end":5503.93},{"text":"relevant","start":5503.93,"end":5504.25},{"text":"rules","start":5504.25,"end":5504.65},{"text":"must","start":5504.65,"end":5504.89},{"text":"respect","start":5504.89,"end":5505.29},{"text":"this","start":5505.29,"end":5505.45},{"text":"fundamental","start":5505.45,"end":5506.09},{"text":"distinction,","start":5506.09,"end":5506.81},{"text":"taking","start":5507.13,"end":5507.37},{"text":"into","start":5507.37,"end":5507.57},{"text":"account","start":5507.57,"end":5507.89},{"text":"the","start":5507.89,"end":5507.97},{"text":"differences","start":5507.97,"end":5508.49},{"text":"in","start":5508.49,"end":5508.61},{"text":"the","start":5508.61,"end":5508.69},{"text":"functions","start":5508.69,"end":5509.17},{"text":"and","start":5509.17,"end":5509.29},{"text":"statutes","start":5509.29,"end":5509.69},{"text":"of","start":5509.69,"end":5509.85},{"text":"various","start":5509.85,"end":5510.17},{"text":"international","start":5510.17,"end":5510.69},{"text":"organizations,","start":5510.69,"end":5511.37},{"text":"and","start":5511.61,"end":5511.77},{"text":"avoid","start":5511.77,"end":5512.25},{"text":"simply","start":5512.25,"end":5512.73},{"text":"drawing","start":5512.73,"end":5513.13},{"text":"analogies","start":5513.13,"end":5513.77},{"text":"with","start":5513.77,"end":5513.89},{"text":"the","start":5513.89,"end":5513.97},{"text":"rules","start":5513.97,"end":5514.25},{"text":"on","start":5514.33,"end":5514.57},{"text":"state","start":5514.57,"end":5514.77},{"text":"responsibility.","start":5514.77,"end":5515.33}]},{"text":"Second, a practical distinction must be drawn between the responsibility of international organizations and that of their member states.","start":5516.73,"end":5523.61,"topics":[{"key":"attribution-allocation","label":"Attribution and Allocation of Responsibility","description":"Speakers discussed how conduct should be attributed to international organizations and how responsibility should be allocated between organizations and member states, especially in cases involving delegated authority, effective control, sanctions, or joint action."},{"key":"io-responsibility","label":"Responsibility of International Organizations","description":"Delegations examined whether international organizations, as subjects of international law, incur responsibility for internationally wrongful acts and how accountability should operate as their role in global governance expands."}],"words":[{"text":"Second,","start":5516.73,"end":5517.13},{"text":"a","start":5517.13,"end":5517.29},{"text":"practical","start":5517.29,"end":5517.85},{"text":"distinction","start":5517.85,"end":5518.49},{"text":"must","start":5518.49,"end":5519.01},{"text":"be","start":5519.01,"end":5519.13},{"text":"drawn","start":5519.13,"end":5519.45},{"text":"between","start":5519.45,"end":5519.85},{"text":"the","start":5519.85,"end":5519.93},{"text":"responsibility","start":5519.93,"end":5520.65},{"text":"of","start":5520.65,"end":5520.73},{"text":"international","start":5520.73,"end":5521.25},{"text":"organizations","start":5521.25,"end":5521.93},{"text":"and","start":5522.17,"end":5522.37},{"text":"that","start":5522.37,"end":5522.57},{"text":"of","start":5522.57,"end":5522.81},{"text":"their","start":5522.81,"end":5522.93},{"text":"member","start":5522.93,"end":5523.21},{"text":"states.","start":5523.21,"end":5523.61}]},{"text":"Article 14 to 18 of the draft articles set out the responsibility of international organizations for the acts of the state or another international organization, while Article 58 to 62 set out the responsibility of states for the acts of international organizations.","start":5523.85,"end":5538.33,"topics":[{"key":"attribution-allocation","label":"Attribution and Allocation of Responsibility","description":"Speakers discussed how conduct should be attributed to international organizations and how responsibility should be allocated between organizations and member states, especially in cases involving delegated authority, effective control, sanctions, or joint action."}],"words":[{"text":"Article","start":5523.85,"end":5524.21},{"text":"14","start":5524.21,"end":5524.65},{"text":"to","start":5524.65,"end":5524.73},{"text":"18","start":5524.73,"end":5525.09},{"text":"of","start":5525.09,"end":5525.21},{"text":"the","start":5525.21,"end":5525.29},{"text":"draft","start":5525.29,"end":5525.85},{"text":"articles","start":5525.85,"end":5526.37},{"text":"set","start":5526.37,"end":5526.57},{"text":"out","start":5526.57,"end":5526.73},{"text":"the","start":5526.73,"end":5526.81},{"text":"responsibility","start":5526.81,"end":5527.49},{"text":"of","start":5527.49,"end":5527.61},{"text":"international","start":5527.61,"end":5528.13},{"text":"organizations","start":5528.13,"end":5528.81},{"text":"for","start":5529.01,"end":5529.13},{"text":"the","start":5529.13,"end":5529.25},{"text":"acts","start":5529.25,"end":5529.61},{"text":"of","start":5529.61,"end":5529.69},{"text":"the","start":5529.69,"end":5529.77},{"text":"state","start":5529.77,"end":5530.25},{"text":"or","start":5530.33,"end":5530.57},{"text":"another","start":5530.57,"end":5530.93},{"text":"international","start":5530.93,"end":5531.41},{"text":"organization,","start":5531.41,"end":5532.17},{"text":"while","start":5532.33,"end":5532.73},{"text":"Article","start":5532.73,"end":5533.17},{"text":"58","start":5533.17,"end":5533.65},{"text":"to","start":5533.65,"end":5533.77},{"text":"62","start":5533.77,"end":5534.33},{"text":"set","start":5534.33,"end":5534.65},{"text":"out","start":5534.65,"end":5534.81},{"text":"the","start":5534.81,"end":5534.89},{"text":"responsibility","start":5534.89,"end":5535.57},{"text":"of","start":5535.57,"end":5535.69},{"text":"states","start":5535.69,"end":5536.17},{"text":"for","start":5536.33,"end":5536.49},{"text":"the","start":5536.49,"end":5536.57},{"text":"acts","start":5536.57,"end":5536.89},{"text":"of","start":5536.89,"end":5537.05},{"text":"international","start":5537.05,"end":5537.57},{"text":"organizations.","start":5537.57,"end":5538.33}]},{"text":"including criteria for assessing acts such as aid or assistance, direction or control, and coercion.","start":5538.77,"end":5545.97,"topics":[{"key":"attribution-allocation","label":"Attribution and Allocation of Responsibility","description":"Speakers discussed how conduct should be attributed to international organizations and how responsibility should be allocated between organizations and member states, especially in cases involving delegated authority, effective control, sanctions, or joint action."}],"words":[{"text":"including","start":5538.77,"end":5539.33},{"text":"criteria","start":5539.33,"end":5540.05},{"text":"for","start":5540.05,"end":5540.37},{"text":"assessing","start":5540.45,"end":5541.01},{"text":"acts","start":5541.01,"end":5541.41},{"text":"such","start":5541.65,"end":5541.97},{"text":"as","start":5541.97,"end":5542.21},{"text":"aid","start":5542.21,"end":5542.45},{"text":"or","start":5542.45,"end":5542.69},{"text":"assistance,","start":5542.69,"end":5543.41},{"text":"direction","start":5543.41,"end":5544.13},{"text":"or","start":5544.13,"end":5544.37},{"text":"control,","start":5544.37,"end":5544.85},{"text":"and","start":5544.93,"end":5545.17},{"text":"coercion.","start":5545.17,"end":5545.97}]},{"text":"Further research and discussion are required to distinguish between situations where an international organization acts pursuant to a mandate from its member states and those where member states fulfill their obligations in accordance with the organization's constitution or resolutions, and to determine how responsibility should be allocated.","start":5547.81,"end":5567.33,"topics":[{"key":"attribution-allocation","label":"Attribution and Allocation of Responsibility","description":"Speakers discussed how conduct should be attributed to international organizations and how responsibility should be allocated between organizations and member states, especially in cases involving delegated authority, effective control, sanctions, or joint action."}],"words":[{"text":"Further","start":5547.81,"end":5548.41},{"text":"research","start":5548.41,"end":5548.85},{"text":"and","start":5548.85,"end":5548.97},{"text":"discussion","start":5548.97,"end":5549.57},{"text":"are","start":5549.57,"end":5549.77},{"text":"required","start":5549.77,"end":5550.45},{"text":"to","start":5550.45,"end":5550.65},{"text":"distinguish","start":5550.65,"end":5551.41},{"text":"between","start":5551.41,"end":5551.77},{"text":"situations","start":5551.77,"end":5552.53},{"text":"where","start":5552.73,"end":5553.13},{"text":"an","start":5553.13,"end":5553.25},{"text":"international","start":5553.25,"end":5553.85},{"text":"organization","start":5553.85,"end":5554.61},{"text":"acts","start":5554.61,"end":5555.01},{"text":"pursuant","start":5555.01,"end":5555.85},{"text":"to","start":5555.85,"end":5556.05},{"text":"a","start":5556.05,"end":5556.21},{"text":"mandate","start":5556.21,"end":5556.65},{"text":"from","start":5556.65,"end":5556.81},{"text":"its","start":5556.81,"end":5556.93},{"text":"member","start":5556.93,"end":5557.25},{"text":"states","start":5557.25,"end":5557.65},{"text":"and","start":5557.89,"end":5558.09},{"text":"those","start":5558.09,"end":5558.37},{"text":"where","start":5558.37,"end":5558.61},{"text":"member","start":5558.61,"end":5558.93},{"text":"states","start":5558.93,"end":5559.25},{"text":"fulfill","start":5559.25,"end":5559.81},{"text":"their","start":5559.81,"end":5559.97},{"text":"obligations","start":5559.97,"end":5560.77},{"text":"in","start":5560.77,"end":5560.93},{"text":"accordance","start":5560.93,"end":5561.49},{"text":"with","start":5561.49,"end":5561.77},{"text":"the","start":5561.77,"end":5561.89},{"text":"organization's","start":5561.89,"end":5562.69},{"text":"constitution","start":5562.77,"end":5563.57},{"text":"or","start":5563.57,"end":5563.69},{"text":"resolutions,","start":5563.69,"end":5564.37},{"text":"and","start":5564.53,"end":5564.73},{"text":"to","start":5564.73,"end":5564.81},{"text":"determine","start":5564.81,"end":5565.33},{"text":"how","start":5565.33,"end":5565.49},{"text":"responsibility","start":5565.49,"end":5566.29},{"text":"should","start":5566.29,"end":5566.49},{"text":"be","start":5566.49,"end":5566.61},{"text":"allocated.","start":5566.61,"end":5567.33}]},{"text":"Third, the issue of countermeasures must be handled with caution.","start":5568.89,"end":5573.17,"topics":[{"key":"io-responsibility","label":"Responsibility of International Organizations","description":"Delegations examined whether international organizations, as subjects of international law, incur responsibility for internationally wrongful acts and how accountability should operate as their role in global governance expands."}],"words":[{"text":"Third,","start":5568.89,"end":5569.25},{"text":"the","start":5569.65,"end":5569.77},{"text":"issue","start":5569.89,"end":5570.53},{"text":"of","start":5570.53,"end":5570.77},{"text":"countermeasures","start":5570.77,"end":5571.57},{"text":"must","start":5571.57,"end":5571.93},{"text":"be","start":5571.93,"end":5572.01},{"text":"handled","start":5572.01,"end":5572.45},{"text":"with","start":5572.45,"end":5572.57},{"text":"caution.","start":5572.57,"end":5573.17}]},{"text":"Permitting international organizations to take countermeasures against states or other organizations is inconsistent with the functions they perform and may also undermine the stability of international relations.","start":5573.33,"end":5585.41,"topics":[{"key":"io-responsibility","label":"Responsibility of International Organizations","description":"Delegations examined whether international organizations, as subjects of international law, incur responsibility for internationally wrongful acts and how accountability should operate as their role in global governance 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imposition of countermeasures against international organizations may also disrupt the normal functioning of multilateral mechanisms, could even be politicized or abused.","start":5585.69,"end":5595.09,"topics":[{"key":"io-responsibility","label":"Responsibility of International Organizations","description":"Delegations examined whether international organizations, as subjects of international law, incur responsibility for internationally wrongful acts and how accountability should operate as their role in global governance 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a balanced approach must be taken to the privileges and immunities of international organizations and the holding of such organizations to account.","start":5596.81,"end":5604.49,"topics":[{"key":"io-responsibility","label":"Responsibility of International Organizations","description":"Delegations examined whether international organizations, as subjects of international law, incur responsibility for internationally wrongful acts and how accountability should operate as their role in global governance 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privileges and immunities of international organizations are intended to safeguard the normal performance of their functions and are by no means intended to provide an umbrella of protection for unlawful acts.","start":5605.29,"end":5617.69,"topics":[{"key":"io-responsibility","label":"Responsibility of International Organizations","description":"Delegations examined whether international organizations, as subjects of international law, incur responsibility for internationally wrongful acts and how accountability should operate as their role in global governance 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respecting the privileges and immunities of international organizations, channels for accountability and compensation should be safeguarded in an appropriate manner.","start":5617.93,"end":5626.09,"topics":[{"key":"io-responsibility","label":"Responsibility of International Organizations","description":"Delegations examined whether international organizations, as subjects of international law, incur responsibility for internationally wrongful acts and how accountability should operate as their role in global governance 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regard to the initiation of a treaty-making process on the basis of draft articles, China notes that considerable differences remain among states.","start":5626.85,"end":5635.57,"topics":[{"key":"io-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the RIO Draft Articles","description":"Many delegations debated whether the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations are mature enough for treaty negotiations or should remain as a reference text until more practice and broader consensus 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stand ready to engage in constructive discussions with all parties to further build consensus.","start":5635.73,"end":5640.37,"topics":[{"key":"io-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the RIO Draft Articles","description":"Many delegations debated whether the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations are mature enough for treaty negotiations or should remain as a reference text until more practice and broader consensus 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Chair.","start":5641.25,"end":5641.97,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":5641.25,"end":5641.45},{"text":"you,","start":5641.45,"end":5641.53},{"text":"Madam","start":5641.53,"end":5641.77},{"text":"Chair.","start":5641.77,"end":5641.97}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"CHN","group":null,"function":null,"affiliation_full":"China"}},{"statement_number":41,"start":5642.93,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c6/81/24?lang=en&t=1:34:03","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of China for his statement, and I give the floor to the distinguished representative of 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Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair","affiliation_full":"6th Committee"}},{"statement_number":42,"start":5653.09,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c6/81/24?lang=en&t=1:34:14","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Madam Chair.","start":5653.09,"end":5653.89,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":5653.09,"end":5653.33},{"text":"you,","start":5653.33,"end":5653.41},{"text":"Madam","start":5653.41,"end":5653.69},{"text":"Chair.","start":5653.73,"end":5653.89}]},{"text":"Malaysia thanks the Secretary-General for the reports prepared pursuant to the General Assembly resolution 78/114 and takes note of the written comments submitted by Governments on future action regarding the articles on the responsibility of international organizations.","start":5655.25,"end":5675.65,"topics":[{"key":"io-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the RIO Draft Articles","description":"Many delegations debated whether the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations are mature enough 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recalls its previous interventions on this agenda item and reiterates its view that the elaboration of a legally binding convention based on the Articles would be premature at this stage.","start":5676.69,"end":5691.29,"topics":[{"key":"io-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the RIO Draft Articles","description":"Many delegations debated whether the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations are mature enough for treaty negotiations or should remain as a reference text until more practice and broader consensus 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this regard, Malaysia notes that the latest compilation by the Secretary-General found no references to the Articles in decisions by international courts, tribunals and other bodies during the period from 1 January 2023 to 31 December 2025.","start":5692.89,"end":5712.65,"topics":[{"key":"io-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the RIO Draft Articles","description":"Many delegations debated whether the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations are mature enough for treaty negotiations or should remain as a reference text until more practice and broader consensus 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is also noted that divergent views remain among States as to whether negotiations on a Convention should commence.","start":5713.89,"end":5721.89,"topics":[{"key":"io-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the RIO Draft Articles","description":"Many delegations debated whether the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations are mature enough for treaty negotiations or should remain as a reference text until more practice and broader consensus 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international consensus are needed before the elaboration of a legally binding convention based on the articles should be considered.","start":5722.85,"end":5738.57,"topics":[{"key":"io-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the RIO Draft Articles","description":"Many delegations debated whether the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations are mature enough for treaty negotiations or should remain as a reference text until more practice and broader consensus 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concerns previously identified by Malaysia regarding the application of certain provisions of the articles also require further consideration, particularly given the variances among international organizations in their nature, functions and powers.","start":5739.29,"end":5756.41,"topics":[{"key":"io-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the RIO Draft Articles","description":"Many delegations debated whether the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations are mature enough for treaty negotiations or should remain as a reference text until more practice and broader consensus 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America.","start":5773.73,"end":5781.09,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":5773.73,"end":5773.89},{"text":"thank","start":5773.89,"end":5774.21},{"text":"the","start":5774.21,"end":5774.33},{"text":"distinguished","start":5774.33,"end":5775.01},{"text":"representative","start":5775.01,"end":5775.97},{"text":"of","start":5775.97,"end":5776.21},{"text":"Malaysia,","start":5776.21,"end":5776.97},{"text":"and","start":5776.97,"end":5777.21},{"text":"I","start":5777.21,"end":5777.25},{"text":"give","start":5777.25,"end":5777.41},{"text":"the","start":5777.41,"end":5777.57},{"text":"floor","start":5777.57,"end":5777.89},{"text":"to","start":5777.89,"end":5777.97},{"text":"the","start":5777.97,"end":5778.05},{"text":"distinguished","start":5778.05,"end":5778.61},{"text":"representative","start":5778.61,"end":5779.41},{"text":"of","start":5779.41,"end":5779.49},{"text":"the","start":5779.49,"end":5779.61},{"text":"United","start":5779.65,"end":5780.13},{"text":"States","start":5780.13,"end":5780.53},{"text":"of","start":5780.53,"end":5780.61},{"text":"America.","start":5780.61,"end":5781.09}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"6th Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair","affiliation_full":"6th Committee"}},{"statement_number":44,"start":5783.37,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c6/81/24?lang=en&t=1:36:24","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Chair.","start":5783.37,"end":5783.73,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Chair.","start":5783.37,"end":5783.73}]},{"text":"We express our gratitude to the Secretariat, in particular the Codification Division of the Office of Legal Affairs, for compiling the two reports that form the basis of our discussion on the responsibility of international organizations topic.","start":5785.49,"end":5799.33,"topics":[{"key":"io-responsibility","label":"Responsibility of International Organizations","description":"Delegations examined whether international organizations, as subjects of international law, incur responsibility for internationally wrongful acts and how accountability should operate as their role in global governance 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is notable that the Secretary General's report found no references to the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations in decisions of international courts, tribunals, or other bodies during the reporting period.","start":5800.21,"end":5814.13,"topics":[{"key":"io-responsibility","label":"Responsibility of International Organizations","description":"Delegations examined whether international organizations, as subjects of international law, incur responsibility for internationally wrongful acts and how accountability should operate as their role in global governance 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did the reports offer any examples of domestic state practice referring to the draft articles.","start":5814.85,"end":5820.85,"topics":[{"key":"io-responsibility","label":"Responsibility of International Organizations","description":"Delegations examined whether international organizations, as subjects of international law, incur responsibility for internationally wrongful acts and how accountability should operate as their role in global governance 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United States again observes that many of the rules contained in the draft articles fall into the category of progressive development rather than codification of the law.","start":5834.85,"end":5845.69,"topics":[{"key":"io-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the RIO Draft Articles","description":"Many delegations debated whether the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations are mature enough for treaty negotiations or should remain as a reference text until more practice and broader consensus 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with many other states, we continue to believe that the provisions of the present draft articles do not reflect the current law in this area to the same degree as the corresponding provisions on state responsibility.","start":5846.65,"end":5859.85,"topics":[{"key":"io-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the RIO Draft Articles","description":"Many delegations debated whether the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations are mature enough for treaty negotiations or should remain as a reference text until more practice and broader consensus 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the commission itself acknowledged this in its commentaries on the draft articles.","start":5860.81,"end":5865.77,"topics":[{"key":"io-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the RIO Draft Articles","description":"Many delegations debated whether the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations are mature enough for treaty negotiations or should remain as a reference text until more practice and broader consensus develop."}],"words":[{"text":"Indeed,","start":5860.81,"end":5861.25},{"text":"the","start":5861.25,"end":5861.37},{"text":"commission","start":5861.37,"end":5861.85},{"text":"itself","start":5861.85,"end":5862.33},{"text":"acknowledged","start":5862.37,"end":5863.01},{"text":"this","start":5863.01,"end":5863.37},{"text":"in","start":5863.37,"end":5863.53},{"text":"its","start":5863.53,"end":5863.69},{"text":"commentaries","start":5863.69,"end":5864.57},{"text":"on","start":5864.57,"end":5864.73},{"text":"the","start":5864.73,"end":5864.81},{"text":"draft","start":5864.81,"end":5865.13},{"text":"articles.","start":5865.13,"end":5865.77}]},{"text":"In this connection, we again highlight our view that the principles contained in some of the draft articles, such as those addressing countermeasures and self-defense, likely do not apply generally to international organizations in the same way they apply to states.","start":5867.01,"end":5882.69,"topics":[{"key":"attribution-allocation","label":"Attribution and Allocation of Responsibility","description":"Speakers discussed how conduct should be attributed to international organizations and how responsibility should be allocated between organizations and member states, especially in cases involving delegated authority, effective control, sanctions, or joint action."},{"key":"io-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the RIO Draft Articles","description":"Many delegations debated whether the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations are mature enough for treaty negotiations or should remain as a reference text until more practice and broader consensus 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these considerations and the significant differences of opinion that remain regarding which principles should govern and how they should operate, The United States continues to hold the view that the draft articles should not be transformed into a convention.","start":5884.53,"end":5899.33,"topics":[{"key":"io-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the RIO Draft Articles","description":"Many delegations debated whether the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations are mature enough for treaty negotiations or should remain as a reference text until more practice and broader consensus 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United States also respectfully proposes that the Sixth Committee no longer decide to regularly include this item on the agenda of future sessions.","start":5900.21,"end":5909.41,"topics":[{"key":"io-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the RIO Draft Articles","description":"Many delegations debated whether the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations are mature enough for treaty negotiations or should remain as a reference text until more practice and broader consensus 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a significant shift takes place in states' views in the future, the Committee always has the ability to resume its 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given the stagnation of interest in this topic over the past decade, the Sixth Committee should allocate its time 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you, Madam Chair.","start":5925.65,"end":5926.57,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":5925.65,"end":5925.89},{"text":"you,","start":5925.89,"end":5925.97},{"text":"Madam","start":5925.97,"end":5926.25},{"text":"Chair.","start":5926.25,"end":5926.57}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"USA","group":null,"function":null,"affiliation_full":"United States of America"}},{"statement_number":45,"start":5928.25,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c6/81/24?lang=en&t=1:38:49","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of the United States, and I give the floor to the distinguished representative of 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now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Guatemala.","start":5939.45,"end":5943.37,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":5939.45,"end":5939.69},{"text":"now","start":5939.77,"end":5940.01},{"text":"give","start":5940.01,"end":5940.21},{"text":"the","start":5940.21,"end":5940.33},{"text":"floor","start":5940.33,"end":5940.73},{"text":"to","start":5940.73,"end":5940.85},{"text":"the","start":5940.85,"end":5940.93},{"text":"distinguished","start":5940.93,"end":5941.61},{"text":"representative","start":5941.61,"end":5942.49},{"text":"of","start":5942.53,"end":5942.73},{"text":"Guatemala.","start":5942.73,"end":5943.37}]},{"text":"Next, the next delegation on the list is the distinguished representative of 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Madam Chair, Germany aligns itself with the statement delivered by the European Union and would like to add the following remarks in its national 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reiterates its appreciation for the work of the International Law Commission and its Special Rapporteur, Professor Giorgio Gaia, on the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations adopted in 2011.","start":5978.25,"end":5991.17,"topics":[{"key":"io-responsibility","label":"Responsibility of International Organizations","description":"Delegations examined whether international organizations, as subjects of international law, incur responsibility for internationally wrongful acts and how accountability should operate as their role in global governance expands."},{"key":"io-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the RIO Draft Articles","description":"Many delegations debated whether the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations are mature enough for treaty negotiations or should remain as a reference text until more practice and broader consensus 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also thank the Secretary-General for the updated compilation of decisions of international courts, tribunals and other bodies referring to the articles.","start":5992.21,"end":5999.97,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":5992.21,"end":5992.33},{"text":"also","start":5992.33,"end":5992.61},{"text":"thank","start":5992.61,"end":5993.01},{"text":"the","start":5993.01,"end":5993.13},{"text":"Secretary-General","start":5993.13,"end":5994.05},{"text":"for","start":5994.05,"end":5994.29},{"text":"the","start":5994.29,"end":5994.41},{"text":"updated","start":5994.41,"end":5994.85},{"text":"compilation","start":5994.85,"end":5995.49},{"text":"of","start":5995.49,"end":5995.65},{"text":"decisions","start":5995.65,"end":5996.21},{"text":"of","start":5996.21,"end":5996.33},{"text":"international","start":5996.33,"end":5996.93},{"text":"courts,","start":5996.93,"end":5997.33},{"text":"tribunals","start":5997.33,"end":5997.97},{"text":"and","start":5997.97,"end":5998.09},{"text":"other","start":5998.09,"end":5998.29},{"text":"bodies","start":5998.29,"end":5998.61},{"text":"referring","start":5998.61,"end":5999.09},{"text":"to","start":5999.09,"end":5999.17},{"text":"the","start":5999.17,"end":5999.29},{"text":"articles.","start":5999.29,"end":5999.97}]},{"text":"Madam Chair.","start":6001.09,"end":6001.81,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":6001.09,"end":6001.41},{"text":"Chair.","start":6001.41,"end":6001.81}]},{"text":"Germany considers that the time is not yet ripe to take the consideration of this topic further.","start":6002.89,"end":6008.37,"topics":[{"key":"io-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the RIO Draft Articles","description":"Many delegations debated whether the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations are mature enough for treaty negotiations or should remain as a reference text until more practice and broader consensus 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reasons.","start":6009.25,"end":6011.25,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Allow","start":6009.25,"end":6009.49},{"text":"me","start":6009.49,"end":6009.81},{"text":"to","start":6009.81,"end":6009.97},{"text":"set","start":6009.97,"end":6010.29},{"text":"out","start":6010.29,"end":6010.37},{"text":"four","start":6010.37,"end":6010.69},{"text":"reasons.","start":6010.69,"end":6011.25}]},{"text":"First, the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations were modeled on the draft articles on the responsibility of states for internationally wrongful acts and remain closely linked to them.","start":6012.45,"end":6024.45,"topics":[{"key":"io-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the RIO Draft Articles","description":"Many delegations debated whether the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations are mature enough for treaty negotiations or should remain as a reference text until more practice and broader consensus 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year, the General Assembly decided to return to the draft articles on state responsibility at its 83rd session.","start":6025.33,"end":6032.45,"topics":[{"key":"io-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the RIO Draft Articles","description":"Many delegations debated whether the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations are mature enough for treaty negotiations or should remain as a reference text until more practice and broader consensus 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the practice on which the articles rest remains limited.","start":6047.33,"end":6052.37,"topics":[{"key":"io-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the RIO Draft Articles","description":"Many delegations debated whether the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations are mature enough for treaty negotiations or should remain as a reference text until more practice and broader consensus develop."}],"words":[{"text":"Second,","start":6047.33,"end":6047.89},{"text":"the","start":6049.01,"end":6049.17},{"text":"practice","start":6049.17,"end":6049.81},{"text":"on","start":6049.81,"end":6049.89},{"text":"which","start":6049.89,"end":6050.13},{"text":"the","start":6050.13,"end":6050.29},{"text":"articles","start":6050.29,"end":6050.85},{"text":"rest","start":6050.85,"end":6051.33},{"text":"remains","start":6051.33,"end":6051.81},{"text":"limited.","start":6051.81,"end":6052.37}]},{"text":"The Commission itself acknowledged this.","start":6053.01,"end":6054.85,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":6053.01,"end":6053.13},{"text":"Commission","start":6053.13,"end":6053.49},{"text":"itself","start":6053.49,"end":6053.93},{"text":"acknowledged","start":6053.93,"end":6054.49},{"text":"this.","start":6054.49,"end":6054.85}]},{"text":"In its general commentary, it noted that the scarcity of practice, quote, \"moves the border between codification and progressive development in the direction of the latter,\" end of quote, that the draft articles, therefore, quote, \"do not necessarily yet have the same authority as the corresponding provisions on state responsibility,\" end of quote, and that, quote, \"their authority will depend upon their reception by those to whom they are addressed,\" end of quote.","start":6055.65,"end":6082.77,"topics":[{"key":"io-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the RIO Draft Articles","description":"Many delegations debated whether the draft articles on the responsibility of 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years on, the compilations prepared by the Secretary General confirm that this reception is still developing.","start":6083.89,"end":6090.01,"topics":[{"key":"io-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the RIO Draft Articles","description":"Many delegations debated whether the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations are mature enough for treaty negotiations or should remain as a reference text until more practice and broader consensus 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courts, rather than through premature codification.","start":6090.33,"end":6100.97,"topics":[{"key":"io-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the RIO Draft Articles","description":"Many delegations debated whether the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations are mature enough for treaty negotiations or should remain as a reference text until more practice and broader consensus 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several important questions addressed by the articles remain unsettled in practice in the case law.","start":6102.01,"end":6108.25,"topics":[{"key":"io-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the RIO Draft Articles","description":"Many delegations debated whether the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations are mature enough for treaty negotiations or should remain as a reference text until more practice and broader consensus 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states.","start":6108.93,"end":6117.33,"topics":[{"key":"io-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the RIO Draft Articles","description":"Many delegations debated whether the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations are mature enough for treaty negotiations or should remain as a reference text until more practice and broader consensus 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Chair, finally, we must use the resources of this committee wisely.","start":6118.37,"end":6123.09,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":6118.37,"end":6118.69},{"text":"Chair,","start":6118.69,"end":6119.17},{"text":"finally,","start":6119.25,"end":6119.97},{"text":"we","start":6120.25,"end":6120.37},{"text":"must","start":6120.37,"end":6120.69},{"text":"use","start":6120.69,"end":6120.97},{"text":"the","start":6120.97,"end":6121.09},{"text":"resources","start":6121.09,"end":6121.77},{"text":"of","start":6121.77,"end":6121.89},{"text":"this","start":6121.89,"end":6122.13},{"text":"committee","start":6122.13,"end":6122.53},{"text":"wisely.","start":6122.53,"end":6123.09}]},{"text":"The committee is currently engaged in two important processes of codification.","start":6123.73,"end":6127.49,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":6123.73,"end":6123.93},{"text":"committee","start":6123.93,"end":6124.33},{"text":"is","start":6124.33,"end":6124.45},{"text":"currently","start":6124.45,"end":6124.85},{"text":"engaged","start":6124.85,"end":6125.33},{"text":"in","start":6125.33,"end":6125.41},{"text":"two","start":6125.41,"end":6125.57},{"text":"important","start":6125.57,"end":6126.01},{"text":"processes","start":6126.01,"end":6126.53},{"text":"of","start":6126.53,"end":6126.69},{"text":"codification.","start":6126.69,"end":6127.49}]},{"text":"the preparation of a convention on the prevention and punishment of crimes against humanity and the United Nations Conference for Plenipotentiaries on the Protection of Persons in the Event of Disasters to be held in Bangkok next 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debate on crimes against humanity just over a week ago demonstrated the broad cross-regional support for that 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consensus is within reach and where the Committee can make a real difference.","start":6147.01,"end":6151.57,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"These","start":6147.01,"end":6147.25},{"text":"are","start":6147.25,"end":6147.33},{"text":"the","start":6147.33,"end":6147.45},{"text":"areas","start":6147.49,"end":6147.81},{"text":"where","start":6147.81,"end":6147.97},{"text":"consensus","start":6147.97,"end":6148.61},{"text":"is","start":6148.61,"end":6148.77},{"text":"within","start":6148.77,"end":6149.09},{"text":"reach","start":6149.09,"end":6149.49},{"text":"and","start":6149.57,"end":6149.73},{"text":"where","start":6149.73,"end":6149.89},{"text":"the","start":6149.89,"end":6149.97},{"text":"Committee","start":6149.97,"end":6150.45},{"text":"can","start":6150.45,"end":6150.57},{"text":"make","start":6150.57,"end":6150.77},{"text":"a","start":6150.77,"end":6150.81},{"text":"real","start":6150.81,"end":6151.01},{"text":"difference.","start":6151.01,"end":6151.57}]},{"text":"In times of financial constraints and the spirit of UN 80 Initiative, this is where our efforts should be 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The Kingdom of the Netherlands aligns itself with the statement given by the European Union on behalf of the EU and its Member States and would like to share the following points in its national 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start by thanking the Secretary General for his two reports.","start":6199.81,"end":6203.49,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":6199.81,"end":6199.97},{"text":"start","start":6199.97,"end":6200.37},{"text":"by","start":6200.37,"end":6200.53},{"text":"thanking","start":6200.53,"end":6200.93},{"text":"the","start":6200.93,"end":6201.05},{"text":"Secretary","start":6201.05,"end":6201.65},{"text":"General","start":6201.65,"end":6202.13},{"text":"for","start":6202.13,"end":6202.37},{"text":"his","start":6202.37,"end":6202.53},{"text":"two","start":6202.53,"end":6202.77},{"text":"reports.","start":6202.77,"end":6203.49}]},{"text":"The Kingdom of the Netherlands also expresses its gratitude to the International Law Commission for its work on this topic and the formulation of the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations in that regard.","start":6204.73,"end":6217.93,"topics":[{"key":"io-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the RIO Draft 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draft articles provide a valuable framework for discussion within the international community on this important topic.","start":6218.81,"end":6225.69,"topics":[{"key":"io-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the RIO Draft Articles","description":"Many delegations debated whether the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations are mature enough for treaty negotiations or should remain as a reference text until more practice and broader consensus 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Kingdom of the Netherlands considers that further practice of states and international organizations will be needed before entering into such negotiations.","start":6238.93,"end":6248.61,"topics":[{"key":"io-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the RIO Draft Articles","description":"Many delegations debated whether the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations are mature enough for treaty negotiations or should remain as a reference text until more practice and broader consensus 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the consolidation of these draft articles should not precede the consolidation of the draft articles on the responsibility of states for internationally wrongful acts.","start":6249.53,"end":6260.89,"topics":[{"key":"io-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the RIO Draft Articles","description":"Many delegations debated whether the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations are mature enough for treaty negotiations or should remain as a reference text until more practice and broader consensus 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Kingdom of the Netherlands welcomes the current consideration of this topic by the International Law Commission and would propose to await the outcome of this work before the topic of the responsibility of international organizations is further considered in this format.","start":6280.41,"end":6296.49,"topics":[{"key":"io-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the RIO Draft Articles","description":"Many delegations debated whether the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations are mature enough for treaty negotiations or should remain as a reference text until more practice and broader consensus 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next delegation on the list, I give the floor to the distinguished representative of 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representative of Mexico.","start":6343.97,"end":6348.85,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Moving","start":6343.97,"end":6344.21},{"text":"on,","start":6344.21,"end":6344.53},{"text":"next","start":6345.01,"end":6345.49},{"text":"on","start":6345.49,"end":6345.65},{"text":"the","start":6345.65,"end":6345.77},{"text":"list","start":6345.77,"end":6346.13},{"text":"is","start":6346.13,"end":6346.37},{"text":"the","start":6346.37,"end":6346.45},{"text":"distinguished","start":6346.45,"end":6347.17},{"text":"representative","start":6347.17,"end":6348.13},{"text":"of","start":6348.13,"end":6348.21},{"text":"Mexico.","start":6348.21,"end":6348.85}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"6th Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair","affiliation_full":"6th Committee"}},{"statement_number":50,"start":6354.37,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c6/81/24?lang=en&t=1:45:55","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Madam 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working group could meet more frequently to, in so doing, forge ahead with substantive discussions on this issue without having to wait for the working group to once again form part of a committee in a cycle whose nature hampers a serious analysis.","start":6528.85,"end":6549.97,"topics":[{"key":"io-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the RIO Draft Articles","description":"Many delegations debated whether the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations are mature enough for treaty negotiations or should remain as a reference text until more practice and broader consensus 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expresses its appreciation for the two recent reports of the Secretary-General in documents A/81/83 and A/81/222.","start":6581.21,"end":6592.29,"topics":[{"key":"io-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the RIO Draft Articles","description":"Many delegations debated whether the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations are mature enough for treaty negotiations or should remain as a reference text until more practice and broader consensus 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passed since the Sixth Committee's last consideration of this topic in 2023, I will briefly reiterate Singapore's views.","start":6602.85,"end":6611.41,"topics":[{"key":"io-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the RIO Draft Articles","description":"Many delegations debated whether the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations are mature enough for treaty negotiations or should remain as a reference text until more practice and broader consensus 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recent report of the Secretary-General states that there were no references to the draft articles in the decisions of international courts, tribunals and other bodies between 1 January 2023 to 31 December 2025, which show that these articles have not been cited as a reflection of existing law by courts and tribunals.","start":6624.65,"end":6645.77,"topics":[{"key":"io-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the RIO Draft Articles","description":"Many delegations debated whether the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations are mature enough for treaty negotiations or should remain as a reference text until more practice and broader consensus 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Singapore notes that there has been no consensus reached on elaborating a convention based on the Articles on Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts, which was a significant source of inspiration for the draft Articles on the Responsibility of International Organizations.","start":6646.89,"end":6666.29,"topics":[{"key":"io-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the RIO Draft Articles","description":"Many delegations debated whether the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations are mature enough for treaty negotiations or should remain as a reference text until more practice and broader consensus 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Chair, this does not necessarily mean that the draft articles adopted by the International Law Commission are in their actual form ready for codification in abiding treaty.","start":6912.05,"end":6923.65,"topics":[{"key":"io-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the RIO Draft Articles","description":"Many delegations debated whether the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations are mature enough for treaty negotiations or should remain as a reference text until more practice and broader consensus 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delegation reaffirms its interest indeed the benefit of retaining this item on the agenda of the General Assembly.","start":6993.81,"end":7002.25,"topics":[{"key":"io-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the RIO Draft Articles","description":"Many delegations debated whether the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations are mature enough for treaty negotiations or should remain as a reference text until more practice and broader consensus 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distinguished delegates, turning now to the follow-up that should be given to these articles, Burkina Faso is of the view that the practice of states and international organizations remains still insufficiently documented to, at this stage, justify the opening of negotiations with a view to establishing a convention.","start":7024.85,"end":7044.69,"topics":[{"key":"io-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the RIO Draft Articles","description":"Many delegations debated whether the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations are mature enough for treaty negotiations or should remain as a reference text until more practice and broader consensus 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is most likely one of the reasons which explains why no reference to the aforementioned articles was found in decisions handed down by international courts or other international organizations during the reporting period of the document A/81/83.","start":7044.69,"end":7060.21,"topics":[{"key":"io-responsibility","label":"Responsibility of International Organizations","description":"Delegations examined whether international organizations, as subjects of international law, incur responsibility for internationally wrongful acts and how accountability should operate as their role in global governance 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we believe that the articles remain entirely relevant as a framework for reference, we encourage the Secretariat to continue collecting examples of relevant practice, including that within regional and sub-regional organisations.","start":7060.45,"end":7075.69,"topics":[{"key":"io-responsibility","label":"Responsibility of International Organizations","description":"Delegations examined whether international organizations, as subjects of international law, incur responsibility for internationally wrongful acts and how accountability should operate as their role in global governance expands."},{"key":"io-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the RIO Draft Articles","description":"Many delegations debated whether the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations are mature enough for treaty negotiations or should remain as a reference text until more practice and broader consensus 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the African context, these organisations are still insufficiently represented in existing compilations.","start":7075.69,"end":7081.73,"topics":[{"key":"io-responsibility","label":"Responsibility of International Organizations","description":"Delegations examined whether international organizations, as subjects of international law, incur responsibility for internationally wrongful acts and how accountability should operate as their role in global governance expands."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":7075.69,"end":7075.77},{"text":"the","start":7075.77,"end":7075.85},{"text":"African","start":7075.85,"end":7076.37},{"text":"context,","start":7076.37,"end":7077.09},{"text":"these","start":7077.41,"end":7077.89},{"text":"organisations","start":7077.89,"end":7078.69},{"text":"are","start":7078.69,"end":7078.77},{"text":"still","start":7078.77,"end":7079.09},{"text":"insufficiently","start":7079.09,"end":7079.69},{"text":"represented","start":7079.69,"end":7080.37},{"text":"in","start":7080.37,"end":7080.53},{"text":"existing","start":7080.53,"end":7081.01},{"text":"compilations.","start":7081.01,"end":7081.73}]},{"text":"Turning to substance now, Chair, my delegation wishes to draw the Committee's attention to three particularly important points for member states of international organisations.","start":7081.73,"end":7092.21,"topics":[{"key":"io-responsibility","label":"Responsibility of International Organizations","description":"Delegations examined whether international organizations, as subjects of international law, incur responsibility for internationally wrongful acts and how accountability should operate as their role in global governance expands."}],"words":[{"text":"Turning","start":7081.73,"end":7082.13},{"text":"to","start":7082.13,"end":7082.21},{"text":"substance","start":7082.21,"end":7082.77},{"text":"now,","start":7082.77,"end":7083.01},{"text":"Chair,","start":7083.01,"end":7083.41},{"text":"my","start":7083.77,"end":7083.97},{"text":"delegation","start":7083.97,"end":7084.53},{"text":"wishes","start":7084.53,"end":7084.89},{"text":"to","start":7084.89,"end":7085.01},{"text":"draw","start":7085.01,"end":7085.25},{"text":"the","start":7085.25,"end":7085.37},{"text":"Committee's","start":7085.41,"end":7085.81},{"text":"attention","start":7085.81,"end":7086.45},{"text":"to","start":7086.45,"end":7086.61},{"text":"three","start":7086.61,"end":7087.25},{"text":"particularly","start":7088.13,"end":7088.73},{"text":"important","start":7088.73,"end":7089.17},{"text":"points","start":7089.17,"end":7089.57},{"text":"for","start":7089.57,"end":7089.97},{"text":"member","start":7089.97,"end":7090.29},{"text":"states","start":7090.29,"end":7090.73},{"text":"of","start":7090.73,"end":7090.81},{"text":"international","start":7090.81,"end":7091.29},{"text":"organisations.","start":7091.29,"end":7092.21}]},{"text":"First of all, the problem of attributing behavior to an international organization, particularly when that international organization exercises authority delegated by member states or when it acts through the intermediary of bodies comprising representatives of these states, that problem should be clarified in greater depth.","start":7092.97,"end":7113.73,"topics":[{"key":"attribution-allocation","label":"Attribution and Allocation of Responsibility","description":"Speakers discussed how conduct should be attributed to international organizations and how responsibility should be allocated between organizations and member states, especially in cases involving delegated authority, effective control, sanctions, or joint 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clarification is particularly important in African institutions.","start":7115.25,"end":7120.37,"topics":[{"key":"attribution-allocation","label":"Attribution and Allocation of Responsibility","description":"Speakers discussed how conduct should be attributed to international organizations and how responsibility should be allocated between organizations and member states, especially in cases involving delegated authority, effective control, sanctions, or joint action."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":7115.25,"end":7115.73},{"text":"clarification","start":7115.73,"end":7116.45},{"text":"is","start":7116.45,"end":7116.57},{"text":"particularly","start":7116.57,"end":7117.09},{"text":"important","start":7117.09,"end":7117.65},{"text":"in","start":7117.73,"end":7118.13},{"text":"African","start":7118.53,"end":7119.17},{"text":"institutions.","start":7119.17,"end":7120.37}]},{"text":"institutional 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delegation also wishes to draw the Committee's attention to the issue of the responsibility that may fall on the shoulders of international organisations following their decision to impose sanctions, suspension or other restrictive measures on a member state.","start":7133.13,"end":7151.25,"topics":[{"key":"io-responsibility","label":"Responsibility of International Organizations","description":"Delegations examined whether international organizations, as subjects of international law, incur responsibility for internationally wrongful acts and how accountability should operate as their role in global governance 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experience in the Sahel demonstrates the importance to ensure the legitimacy of those measures of compliance with minimal guarantees, for example, a clear legal basis that must be found in the organization's constitutive act, proportionality, the respect of fundamental principles of international law, temporary status and the possibility of an effective appeal that respects humanitarian waivers, et cetera, et cetera.","start":7151.25,"end":7178.09,"topics":[{"key":"io-responsibility","label":"Responsibility of International Organizations","description":"Delegations examined whether international organizations, as subjects of international law, incur responsibility for internationally wrongful acts and how accountability should operate as their role in global governance expands."},{"key":"attribution-allocation","label":"Attribution and Allocation of Responsibility","description":"Speakers discussed how conduct should be attributed to international organizations and how responsibility 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Faso is of the view that this subject deserves greater consideration by the Committee, namely in view of the consequences in terms of the responsibility of an organization of measures which stray beyond the remit of that organization.","start":7178.81,"end":7194.25,"topics":[{"key":"io-responsibility","label":"Responsibility of International Organizations","description":"Delegations examined whether international organizations, as subjects of international law, incur responsibility for internationally wrongful acts and how accountability should operate as their role in global governance 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in view of the instrumentalization of international organizations by certain Member States in order to evade international obligations, and this matter deserves discussion, particularly in view of the effect of illegal external interference in the functioning of organisations, we underscore the importance of draft article 62 on the subsidiary responsibility of member states.","start":7194.69,"end":7219.45,"topics":[{"key":"io-responsibility","label":"Responsibility of International Organizations","description":"Delegations examined whether international organizations, as subjects of international law, incur responsibility for internationally wrongful acts and how accountability should operate as their role in global governance expands."},{"key":"attribution-allocation","label":"Attribution and Allocation of Responsibility","description":"Speakers discussed how conduct should be attributed to international organizations and how responsibility should be allocated between organizations 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also committed to the principle of the sovereign equality of states.","start":7247.81,"end":7251.33,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We're","start":7247.81,"end":7248.05},{"text":"also","start":7248.05,"end":7248.37},{"text":"committed","start":7248.37,"end":7248.81},{"text":"to","start":7248.81,"end":7248.89},{"text":"the","start":7248.89,"end":7248.97},{"text":"principle","start":7249.33,"end":7249.81},{"text":"of","start":7249.81,"end":7249.89},{"text":"the","start":7249.89,"end":7249.97},{"text":"sovereign","start":7249.97,"end":7250.29},{"text":"equality","start":7250.29,"end":7250.65},{"text":"of","start":7250.65,"end":7250.77},{"text":"states.","start":7250.77,"end":7251.33}]},{"text":"These must remain the foundation of any collective action, including within regional and subregional organizations.","start":7251.73,"end":7257.65,"topics":[{"key":"rule-of-law","label":"Rule of Law","description":"Speakers stressed the importance of strengthening the rule of law at both the national 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Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair","affiliation_full":"6th Committee"}},{"statement_number":58,"start":7285.67,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c6/81/24?lang=en&t=2:01:26","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you very much, Madam Chair.","start":7285.67,"end":7289.23,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":7285.67,"end":7285.99},{"text":"you","start":7285.99,"end":7286.07},{"text":"very","start":7286.07,"end":7286.27},{"text":"much,","start":7286.27,"end":7286.71},{"text":"Madam","start":7286.71,"end":7287.71},{"text":"Chair.","start":7288.87,"end":7289.23}]},{"text":"Colombia wishes at the outset to once again thank the ILC for the work that it did on the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations.","start":7289.93,"end":7303.49,"topics":[{"key":"io-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the RIO Draft Articles","description":"Many delegations debated whether the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations are mature enough for treaty 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also are grateful for the SG's reports.","start":7303.97,"end":7307.57,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":7303.97,"end":7304.21},{"text":"also","start":7304.21,"end":7304.85},{"text":"are","start":7305.33,"end":7305.49},{"text":"grateful","start":7305.49,"end":7305.97},{"text":"for","start":7305.97,"end":7306.13},{"text":"the","start":7306.13,"end":7306.25},{"text":"SG's","start":7306.37,"end":7306.97},{"text":"reports.","start":7306.97,"end":7307.57}]},{"text":"They are input for our discussions today.","start":7307.57,"end":7310.93,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"They","start":7307.57,"end":7307.97},{"text":"are","start":7307.97,"end":7308.29},{"text":"input","start":7308.29,"end":7308.85},{"text":"for","start":7308.85,"end":7309.13},{"text":"our","start":7309.13,"end":7309.57},{"text":"discussions","start":7309.81,"end":7310.45},{"text":"today.","start":7310.45,"end":7310.93}]},{"text":"For Colombia, it is increasingly significant to note the role played by international organizations in manifold contexts.","start":7311.73,"end":7320.01,"topics":[{"key":"io-responsibility","label":"Responsibility of International Organizations","description":"Delegations examined whether international organizations, as subjects of international law, incur responsibility for internationally wrongful acts and how accountability should operate as their role in global governance expands."}],"words":[{"text":"For","start":7311.73,"end":7312.05},{"text":"Colombia,","start":7312.05,"end":7312.93},{"text":"it","start":7312.93,"end":7313.17},{"text":"is","start":7313.17,"end":7313.33},{"text":"increasingly","start":7313.33,"end":7314.45},{"text":"significant","start":7315.65,"end":7316.41},{"text":"to","start":7316.41,"end":7316.49},{"text":"note","start":7316.49,"end":7316.77},{"text":"the","start":7316.77,"end":7316.93},{"text":"role","start":7316.93,"end":7317.17},{"text":"played","start":7317.17,"end":7317.41},{"text":"by","start":7317.41,"end":7317.53},{"text":"international","start":7317.53,"end":7318.01},{"text":"organizations","start":7318.01,"end":7318.73},{"text":"in","start":7318.73,"end":7318.85},{"text":"manifold","start":7318.85,"end":7319.33},{"text":"contexts.","start":7319.33,"end":7320.01}]},{"text":"Some of these contexts are sometimes very complex.","start":7320.01,"end":7322.13,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Some","start":7320.01,"end":7320.25},{"text":"of","start":7320.25,"end":7320.33},{"text":"these","start":7320.33,"end":7320.53},{"text":"contexts","start":7320.53,"end":7320.97},{"text":"are","start":7320.97,"end":7321.05},{"text":"sometimes","start":7321.05,"end":7321.45},{"text":"very","start":7321.45,"end":7321.61},{"text":"complex.","start":7321.61,"end":7322.13}]},{"text":"In my country, for example, we have broad presence of international organizations on our national territory.","start":7322.13,"end":7329.89,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":7322.13,"end":7322.25},{"text":"my","start":7322.25,"end":7322.45},{"text":"country,","start":7322.45,"end":7322.85},{"text":"for","start":7322.85,"end":7322.97},{"text":"example,","start":7322.97,"end":7323.65},{"text":"we","start":7323.97,"end":7324.37},{"text":"have","start":7324.37,"end":7324.93},{"text":"broad","start":7325.01,"end":7325.41},{"text":"presence","start":7325.41,"end":7326.01},{"text":"of","start":7326.01,"end":7326.13},{"text":"international","start":7326.13,"end":7326.77},{"text":"organizations","start":7326.77,"end":7327.89},{"text":"on","start":7328.21,"end":7328.61},{"text":"our","start":7328.61,"end":7328.73},{"text":"national","start":7328.73,"end":7329.25},{"text":"territory.","start":7329.25,"end":7329.89}]},{"text":"They perform various functions and cooperate with the state on several projects.","start":7329.89,"end":7335.49,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"They","start":7329.89,"end":7330.29},{"text":"perform","start":7330.77,"end":7331.17},{"text":"various","start":7331.17,"end":7331.57},{"text":"functions","start":7331.57,"end":7332.13},{"text":"and","start":7332.13,"end":7332.29},{"text":"cooperate","start":7332.29,"end":7333.01},{"text":"with","start":7333.01,"end":7333.41},{"text":"the","start":7333.65,"end":7333.77},{"text":"state","start":7333.81,"end":7334.21},{"text":"on","start":7334.21,"end":7334.45},{"text":"several","start":7334.45,"end":7334.85},{"text":"projects.","start":7334.85,"end":7335.49}]},{"text":"For some Colombian people, the presence of the UN, for example, is is sometimes as palpable as that of the state.","start":7335.57,"end":7345.89,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"For","start":7335.57,"end":7335.73},{"text":"some","start":7335.73,"end":7336.13},{"text":"Colombian","start":7336.45,"end":7336.93},{"text":"people,","start":7336.93,"end":7337.41},{"text":"the","start":7337.41,"end":7337.49},{"text":"presence","start":7337.49,"end":7337.97},{"text":"of","start":7337.97,"end":7338.05},{"text":"the","start":7338.05,"end":7338.17},{"text":"UN,","start":7338.17,"end":7338.61},{"text":"for","start":7338.61,"end":7338.73},{"text":"example,","start":7338.73,"end":7339.25},{"text":"is","start":7339.25,"end":7339.81},{"text":"is","start":7342.77,"end":7343.01},{"text":"sometimes","start":7343.01,"end":7343.65},{"text":"as","start":7343.65,"end":7343.81},{"text":"palpable","start":7343.81,"end":7344.45},{"text":"as","start":7344.45,"end":7344.77},{"text":"that","start":7344.77,"end":7345.05},{"text":"of","start":7345.05,"end":7345.17},{"text":"the","start":7345.17,"end":7345.29},{"text":"state.","start":7345.33,"end":7345.89}]},{"text":"International organizations are capable of taking on legally binding obligations.","start":7346.37,"end":7351.81,"topics":[{"key":"io-responsibility","label":"Responsibility of International Organizations","description":"Delegations examined whether international organizations, as subjects of international law, incur responsibility for internationally wrongful acts and how accountability should operate as their role in global governance expands."}],"words":[{"text":"International","start":7346.37,"end":7346.97},{"text":"organizations","start":7346.97,"end":7348.29},{"text":"are","start":7348.29,"end":7348.61},{"text":"capable","start":7348.61,"end":7349.37},{"text":"of","start":7349.61,"end":7349.73},{"text":"taking","start":7349.73,"end":7350.13},{"text":"on","start":7350.13,"end":7350.29},{"text":"legally","start":7350.29,"end":7350.61},{"text":"binding","start":7350.61,"end":7350.93},{"text":"obligations.","start":7350.93,"end":7351.81}]},{"text":"Consequently, they have responsibility that they can incur.","start":7351.81,"end":7356.45,"topics":[{"key":"io-responsibility","label":"Responsibility of International Organizations","description":"Delegations examined whether international organizations, as subjects of international law, incur responsibility for internationally wrongful acts and how accountability should operate as their role in global governance expands."}],"words":[{"text":"Consequently,","start":7351.81,"end":7352.85},{"text":"they","start":7353.33,"end":7353.81},{"text":"have","start":7353.81,"end":7354.13},{"text":"responsibility","start":7354.13,"end":7355.25},{"text":"that","start":7355.41,"end":7355.57},{"text":"they","start":7355.57,"end":7355.73},{"text":"can","start":7355.73,"end":7356.13},{"text":"incur.","start":7356.13,"end":7356.45}]},{"text":"Consequently, the responsibility of international organizations is an area that, in our view, must be regulated by international law.","start":7356.45,"end":7364.21,"topics":[{"key":"io-responsibility","label":"Responsibility of International Organizations","description":"Delegations examined whether international organizations, as subjects of international law, incur responsibility for internationally wrongful acts and how accountability should operate as their role in global governance expands."}],"words":[{"text":"Consequently,","start":7356.45,"end":7357.09},{"text":"the","start":7357.09,"end":7357.21},{"text":"responsibility","start":7357.21,"end":7357.85},{"text":"of","start":7357.85,"end":7357.93},{"text":"international","start":7357.93,"end":7358.41},{"text":"organizations","start":7358.41,"end":7359.17},{"text":"is","start":7359.25,"end":7359.49},{"text":"an","start":7359.49,"end":7359.65},{"text":"area","start":7359.65,"end":7360.05},{"text":"that,","start":7360.05,"end":7360.29},{"text":"in","start":7360.29,"end":7360.53},{"text":"our","start":7360.53,"end":7360.81},{"text":"view,","start":7360.81,"end":7361.17},{"text":"must","start":7361.49,"end":7361.89},{"text":"be","start":7361.89,"end":7362.05},{"text":"regulated","start":7362.05,"end":7362.77},{"text":"by","start":7362.77,"end":7363.17},{"text":"international","start":7363.17,"end":7363.93},{"text":"law.","start":7363.93,"end":7364.21}]},{"text":"For its part, Colombia has always seen the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations as a counterpart or a complement to the draft articles on the responsibility of states for internationally wrongful acts.","start":7365.13,"end":7381.93,"topics":[{"key":"io-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the RIO Draft Articles","description":"Many delegations debated whether the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations are mature enough for treaty negotiations or should remain as a reference text until more practice and broader consensus develop."}],"words":[{"text":"For","start":7365.13,"end":7365.21},{"text":"its","start":7365.21,"end":7365.53},{"text":"part,","start":7365.53,"end":7365.93},{"text":"Colombia","start":7365.93,"end":7366.37},{"text":"has","start":7366.37,"end":7366.57},{"text":"always","start":7366.57,"end":7367.13},{"text":"seen","start":7367.13,"end":7367.61},{"text":"the","start":7367.61,"end":7367.81},{"text":"draft","start":7367.81,"end":7368.25},{"text":"articles","start":7368.25,"end":7368.73},{"text":"on","start":7368.73,"end":7368.89},{"text":"the","start":7368.89,"end":7369.01},{"text":"responsibility","start":7369.01,"end":7369.81},{"text":"of","start":7369.81,"end":7369.89},{"text":"international","start":7369.89,"end":7370.41},{"text":"organizations","start":7370.41,"end":7371.53},{"text":"as","start":7372.21,"end":7372.49},{"text":"a","start":7372.81,"end":7372.85},{"text":"counterpart","start":7372.85,"end":7374.09},{"text":"or","start":7374.25,"end":7374.61},{"text":"a","start":7374.61,"end":7374.65},{"text":"complement","start":7374.73,"end":7375.65},{"text":"to","start":7375.65,"end":7375.93},{"text":"the","start":7376.49,"end":7376.69},{"text":"draft","start":7376.73,"end":7377.05},{"text":"articles","start":7377.05,"end":7377.61},{"text":"on","start":7377.61,"end":7377.93},{"text":"the","start":7377.93,"end":7378.01},{"text":"responsibility","start":7378.01,"end":7379.29},{"text":"of","start":7379.77,"end":7379.93},{"text":"states","start":7379.93,"end":7380.33},{"text":"for","start":7380.33,"end":7380.49},{"text":"internationally","start":7380.49,"end":7381.01},{"text":"wrongful","start":7381.01,"end":7381.45},{"text":"acts.","start":7381.45,"end":7381.93}]},{"text":"In our view, these two important products of the ILC in the sphere of international responsibility bear witness to work, and other delegations have said this this afternoon, work which has matured over the last 70 years and taken more than 70 years to complete.","start":7381.93,"end":7404.37,"topics":[{"key":"io-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the RIO Draft Articles","description":"Many delegations debated whether the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations are mature enough for treaty negotiations or should remain as a reference text until more practice and broader consensus 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we think that any collective inaction on the part of states will only exacerbate the fragmentation of international jurisprudence.","start":7405.25,"end":7415.65,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":7405.25,"end":7405.33},{"text":"we","start":7405.33,"end":7405.57},{"text":"think","start":7405.57,"end":7406.29},{"text":"that","start":7406.41,"end":7406.61},{"text":"any","start":7406.77,"end":7407.01},{"text":"collective","start":7407.01,"end":7407.57},{"text":"inaction","start":7407.57,"end":7408.21},{"text":"on","start":7408.21,"end":7408.29},{"text":"the","start":7408.29,"end":7408.37},{"text":"part","start":7408.37,"end":7408.61},{"text":"of","start":7408.61,"end":7408.69},{"text":"states","start":7408.69,"end":7409.09},{"text":"will","start":7409.09,"end":7409.33},{"text":"only","start":7409.33,"end":7409.81},{"text":"exacerbate","start":7410.21,"end":7410.93},{"text":"the","start":7410.93,"end":7411.01},{"text":"fragmentation","start":7411.01,"end":7412.29},{"text":"of","start":7412.61,"end":7412.69},{"text":"international","start":7412.69,"end":7413.77},{"text":"jurisprudence.","start":7414.77,"end":7415.65}]},{"text":"In our view, this can constitute progress being undone in terms of the progressive development and codification.","start":7415.65,"end":7423.33,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":7415.65,"end":7415.89},{"text":"our","start":7415.97,"end":7416.25},{"text":"view,","start":7416.25,"end":7416.77},{"text":"this","start":7417.09,"end":7417.49},{"text":"can","start":7417.49,"end":7418.13},{"text":"constitute","start":7418.45,"end":7419.33},{"text":"progress","start":7419.49,"end":7419.97},{"text":"being","start":7419.97,"end":7420.17},{"text":"undone","start":7420.17,"end":7420.53},{"text":"in","start":7420.53,"end":7420.69},{"text":"terms","start":7420.69,"end":7420.97},{"text":"of","start":7420.97,"end":7421.09},{"text":"the","start":7421.09,"end":7421.25},{"text":"progressive","start":7421.25,"end":7421.89},{"text":"development","start":7421.89,"end":7422.33},{"text":"and","start":7422.33,"end":7422.45},{"text":"codification.","start":7422.45,"end":7423.33}]},{"text":"of international law in this field.","start":7424.13,"end":7425.65,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"of","start":7424.13,"end":7424.21},{"text":"international","start":7424.21,"end":7424.81},{"text":"law","start":7424.81,"end":7424.93},{"text":"in","start":7424.93,"end":7425.01},{"text":"this","start":7425.01,"end":7425.25},{"text":"field.","start":7425.25,"end":7425.65}]},{"text":"As such, in line with our staunch commitment to ensuring that the General Assembly moves forward towards the negotiation of a convention on the basis of the draft articles on the responsibility of the state, we believe that the Assembly must also move forward, or at least seriously discuss negotiating a convention based on the draft articles on the responsibility of international organisations.","start":7425.97,"end":7448.05,"topics":[{"key":"io-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the RIO Draft Articles","description":"Many delegations debated whether the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations are mature enough for treaty negotiations or should remain as a reference text until more practice and broader consensus 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Colombia, It is not convincing the argument that some provisions of the draft articles are customary law and that consequently they cannot be incorporated into a convention.","start":7449.01,"end":7461.73,"topics":[{"key":"io-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the RIO Draft Articles","description":"Many delegations debated whether the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations are mature enough for treaty negotiations or should remain as a reference text until more practice and broader consensus 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would not be the first time that a convention ultimately crystallizes customary international law.","start":7462.05,"end":7470.85,"topics":[{"key":"io-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the RIO Draft Articles","description":"Many delegations debated whether the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations are mature enough for treaty negotiations or should remain as a reference text until more practice and broader consensus 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RIO Draft Articles","description":"Many delegations debated whether the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations are mature enough for treaty negotiations or should remain as a reference text until more practice and broader consensus 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responsibility that they might incur as subjects of law, how can a convention help us to have a legal regime in this field that is robust and homogeneous?","start":7485.09,"end":7511.25,"topics":[{"key":"io-responsibility","label":"Responsibility of International Organizations","description":"Delegations examined whether international organizations, as subjects of international law, incur responsibility for internationally wrongful acts and how accountability should operate as their role in global governance expands."},{"key":"io-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the RIO Draft Articles","description":"Many delegations debated whether the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations are mature enough for treaty negotiations or should remain as a reference text until more practice and broader consensus 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as we've said on other occasions, for Colombia, the Sixth Committee must guarantee that it does not consider the products of the ILC as isolated agenda items.","start":7512.37,"end":7525.53,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Elsewhere,","start":7512.37,"end":7512.89},{"text":"as","start":7512.89,"end":7513.17},{"text":"we've","start":7513.17,"end":7513.33},{"text":"said","start":7513.33,"end":7513.57},{"text":"on","start":7513.57,"end":7513.81},{"text":"other","start":7513.81,"end":7514.01},{"text":"occasions,","start":7514.01,"end":7515.01},{"text":"for","start":7516.13,"end":7516.45},{"text":"Colombia,","start":7516.45,"end":7517.13},{"text":"the","start":7517.25,"end":7517.45},{"text":"Sixth","start":7517.49,"end":7517.89},{"text":"Committee","start":7517.89,"end":7518.45},{"text":"must","start":7518.45,"end":7518.85},{"text":"guarantee","start":7518.85,"end":7519.65},{"text":"that","start":7519.65,"end":7519.85},{"text":"it","start":7519.85,"end":7520.01},{"text":"does","start":7520.01,"end":7520.21},{"text":"not","start":7520.21,"end":7520.53},{"text":"consider","start":7520.53,"end":7521.13},{"text":"the","start":7521.13,"end":7521.25},{"text":"products","start":7521.25,"end":7521.77},{"text":"of","start":7521.77,"end":7521.89},{"text":"the","start":7521.89,"end":7522.01},{"text":"ILC","start":7522.01,"end":7522.77},{"text":"as","start":7523.45,"end":7523.61},{"text":"isolated","start":7523.61,"end":7524.29},{"text":"agenda","start":7524.29,"end":7524.73},{"text":"items.","start":7524.73,"end":7525.53}]},{"text":"Many products interact among themselves and must be studied with a view to us having a consistent legal framework where all the components 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we don't do that, that could seriously impact the work of the ILC and the Sixth Committee.","start":7536.65,"end":7541.45,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"If","start":7536.65,"end":7536.81},{"text":"we","start":7536.81,"end":7536.97},{"text":"don't","start":7536.97,"end":7537.25},{"text":"do","start":7537.25,"end":7537.37},{"text":"that,","start":7537.37,"end":7537.57},{"text":"that","start":7537.57,"end":7537.69},{"text":"could","start":7537.69,"end":7537.93},{"text":"seriously","start":7537.93,"end":7538.29},{"text":"impact","start":7538.29,"end":7538.69},{"text":"the","start":7538.69,"end":7538.81},{"text":"work","start":7538.81,"end":7539.13},{"text":"of","start":7539.13,"end":7539.29},{"text":"the","start":7539.29,"end":7539.41},{"text":"ILC","start":7539.41,"end":7540.09},{"text":"and","start":7540.09,"end":7540.33},{"text":"the","start":7540.33,"end":7540.41},{"text":"Sixth","start":7540.41,"end":7540.73},{"text":"Committee.","start":7540.73,"end":7541.45}]},{"text":"Our task is to ensure that international law that is applicable in this field is consistent.","start":7542.33,"end":7549.05,"topics":[{"key":"io-responsibility","label":"Responsibility of International Organizations","description":"Delegations examined whether international organizations, as subjects of international law, incur responsibility for internationally wrongful acts and how accountability should operate as their role in global governance 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are ready to create any appropriate mechanism to do that work and to facilitate these discussions, as we said, with these discussions need to be rigorous and 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and here I say this with full respect for all delegations, we should review our working methods.","start":7573.21,"end":7579.93,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Lastly,","start":7573.21,"end":7574.01},{"text":"and","start":7574.53,"end":7574.73},{"text":"here","start":7575.45,"end":7575.85},{"text":"I","start":7575.85,"end":7575.93},{"text":"say","start":7576.01,"end":7576.13},{"text":"this","start":7576.13,"end":7576.33},{"text":"with","start":7576.33,"end":7576.45},{"text":"full","start":7576.45,"end":7576.57},{"text":"respect","start":7576.57,"end":7576.97},{"text":"for","start":7576.97,"end":7577.13},{"text":"all","start":7577.13,"end":7577.29},{"text":"delegations,","start":7577.29,"end":7577.85},{"text":"we","start":7577.85,"end":7578.01},{"text":"should","start":7578.01,"end":7578.17},{"text":"review","start":7578.17,"end":7578.57},{"text":"our","start":7578.57,"end":7578.77},{"text":"working","start":7578.77,"end":7579.21},{"text":"methods.","start":7579.21,"end":7579.93}]},{"text":"when it comes to ILC products.","start":7580.29,"end":7582.45,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"when","start":7580.29,"end":7580.49},{"text":"it","start":7580.49,"end":7580.57},{"text":"comes","start":7580.57,"end":7580.97},{"text":"to","start":7580.97,"end":7581.29},{"text":"ILC","start":7581.29,"end":7581.93},{"text":"products.","start":7581.93,"end":7582.45}]},{"text":"My delegation is ready to discuss proposals and recommendations that might allow us to better review our work in the Sixth Committee and to discuss a number of common 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is little time available for substantive discussion of this very important issue.","start":7648.37,"end":7653.49,"topics":[{"key":"io-responsibility","label":"Responsibility of International Organizations","description":"Delegations examined whether international organizations, as subjects of international law, incur responsibility for internationally wrongful acts and how accountability should operate as their role in global governance 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view of the growing role of international organizations, their increasing ability to act not only through various resolutions, but, uh, also operationally in various fields, and their specific and, uh, diverse nature, it is necessary to keep this issue under more active consideration.","start":7724.49,"end":7747.37,"topics":[{"key":"io-responsibility","label":"Responsibility of International Organizations","description":"Delegations examined whether international organizations, as subjects of international law, incur responsibility for internationally wrongful acts and how accountability should operate as their role in global governance 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more than ever before, international organizations of widely varying types play an important role in international relations, ranging from purely deliberative bodies to supranational organizations.","start":7748.33,"end":7763.29,"topics":[{"key":"io-responsibility","label":"Responsibility of International Organizations","description":"Delegations examined whether international organizations, as subjects of international law, incur responsibility for internationally wrongful acts and how accountability should operate as their role in global governance expands."}],"words":[{"text":"Today,","start":7748.33,"end":7748.97},{"text":"more","start":7748.97,"end":7749.37},{"text":"than","start":7749.37,"end":7749.61},{"text":"ever","start":7749.61,"end":7749.93},{"text":"before,","start":7749.93,"end":7750.57},{"text":"international","start":7750.81,"end":7751.69},{"text":"organizations","start":7751.69,"end":7752.73},{"text":"of","start":7753.05,"end":7753.29},{"text":"widely","start":7753.37,"end":7753.93},{"text":"varying","start":7753.93,"end":7754.49},{"text":"types","start":7754.49,"end":7755.05},{"text":"play","start":7755.05,"end":7755.49},{"text":"an","start":7755.49,"end":7755.65},{"text":"important","start":7755.65,"end":7756.33},{"text":"role","start":7756.33,"end":7756.73},{"text":"in","start":7756.89,"end":7757.05},{"text":"international","start":7757.05,"end":7757.69},{"text":"relations,","start":7757.69,"end":7758.65},{"text":"ranging","start":7758.81,"end":7759.37},{"text":"from","start":7759.37,"end":7759.61},{"text":"purely","start":7759.61,"end":7760.09},{"text":"deliberative","start":7760.09,"end":7760.81},{"text":"bodies","start":7760.81,"end":7761.21},{"text":"to","start":7761.21,"end":7761.33},{"text":"supranational","start":7761.37,"end":7762.13},{"text":"organizations.","start":7762.13,"end":7763.29}]},{"text":"However, their important role is matched only by a limited set of more or less general rules governing their responsibility.","start":7764.33,"end":7773.77,"topics":[{"key":"io-responsibility","label":"Responsibility of International Organizations","description":"Delegations examined whether international organizations, as subjects of international law, incur responsibility for internationally wrongful acts and how accountability should operate as their role in global governance expands."}],"words":[{"text":"However,","start":7764.33,"end":7764.97},{"text":"their","start":7765.93,"end":7766.33},{"text":"important","start":7766.33,"end":7766.89},{"text":"role","start":7766.89,"end":7767.29},{"text":"is","start":7767.53,"end":7767.77},{"text":"matched","start":7767.77,"end":7768.17},{"text":"only","start":7768.17,"end":7768.49},{"text":"by","start":7768.49,"end":7768.73},{"text":"a","start":7768.73,"end":7768.77},{"text":"limited","start":7768.77,"end":7769.29},{"text":"set","start":7769.29,"end":7769.85},{"text":"of","start":7769.85,"end":7770.25},{"text":"more","start":7770.25,"end":7770.53},{"text":"or","start":7770.53,"end":7770.73},{"text":"less","start":7770.73,"end":7770.97},{"text":"general","start":7770.97,"end":7771.53},{"text":"rules","start":7771.53,"end":7772.01},{"text":"governing","start":7772.01,"end":7772.49},{"text":"their","start":7772.49,"end":7772.85},{"text":"responsibility.","start":7772.85,"end":7773.77}]},{"text":"The existing draft articles are based on what we can call the common rules of responsibility.","start":7774.53,"end":7780.69,"topics":[{"key":"io-responsibility","label":"Responsibility of International Organizations","description":"Delegations examined whether international organizations, as subjects of international law, incur responsibility for internationally wrongful acts and how accountability should operate as their role in global governance 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law.","start":7781.25,"end":7794.09,"topics":[{"key":"io-responsibility","label":"Responsibility of International Organizations","description":"Delegations examined whether international organizations, as subjects of international law, incur responsibility for internationally wrongful acts and how accountability should operate as their role in global governance 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International Law Commission didn't go beyond codifying rules that appear to be acceptable and to a significant extent undisputed.","start":7795.25,"end":7805.57,"topics":[{"key":"io-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the RIO Draft Articles","description":"Many delegations debated whether the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations are mature enough for treaty negotiations or should remain as a reference text until more practice and broader consensus 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draft articles do not constitute a comprehensive legal framework and further elaboration of this issue is needed.","start":7805.81,"end":7814.45,"topics":[{"key":"io-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the RIO Draft Articles","description":"Many delegations debated whether the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations are mature enough for treaty negotiations or should remain as a reference text until more practice and broader consensus 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instances non-existent or inconsistent.","start":7815.89,"end":7824.21,"topics":[{"key":"io-responsibility","label":"Responsibility of International Organizations","description":"Delegations examined whether international organizations, as subjects of international law, incur responsibility for internationally wrongful acts and how accountability should operate as their role in global governance 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some States prefer to await further developments in practice, including judicial practice, it would be reasonable to consider developing and codifying these rules proactively, rather than waiting for a decision by a panel of few judges or experts.","start":7842.37,"end":7861.41,"topics":[{"key":"io-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the RIO Draft Articles","description":"Many delegations debated whether the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations are mature enough for treaty negotiations or should remain as a reference text until more practice and broader consensus 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is the primary task of states and this sixth committee to consider, codify, and propose rules governing the responsibility of international organization with the view to their eventual inclusion in the future convention.","start":7862.61,"end":7878.53,"topics":[{"key":"io-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the RIO Draft Articles","description":"Many delegations debated whether the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations are mature enough for treaty negotiations or should remain as a reference text until more practice and broader consensus 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this regard, the Sixth Committee should continue its substantive consideration of this topic with a view to identifying the most appropriate framework for further work.","start":7879.45,"end":7890.65,"topics":[{"key":"io-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the RIO Draft Articles","description":"Many delegations debated whether the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations are mature enough for treaty negotiations or should remain as a reference text until more practice and broader consensus 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objective should be to establish a more comprehensive and coherent legal framework governing the responsibility of international organizations.","start":7891.37,"end":7900.17,"topics":[{"key":"io-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the RIO Draft Articles","description":"Many delegations debated whether the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations are mature enough for treaty negotiations or should remain as a reference text until more practice and broader consensus 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Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair","affiliation_full":"6th Committee"}},{"statement_number":62,"start":7918.73,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c6/81/24?lang=en&t=2:11:59","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Madam Chair.","start":7918.73,"end":7919.97,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":7918.73,"end":7919.01},{"text":"you,","start":7919.01,"end":7919.17},{"text":"Madam","start":7919.25,"end":7919.57},{"text":"Chair.","start":7919.57,"end":7919.97}]},{"text":"We are all aware that international organizations, together with states, are subjects of international law.","start":7922.13,"end":7928.93,"topics":[{"key":"io-responsibility","label":"Responsibility of International Organizations","description":"Delegations examined whether international organizations, as subjects of international law, incur responsibility for internationally wrongful acts and how accountability should operate as their role in global governance 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whether international organizations, as subjects of international law, incur responsibility for internationally wrongful acts and how accountability should operate as their role in global governance expands."}],"words":[{"text":"They","start":7930.77,"end":7930.81},{"text":"are","start":7930.81,"end":7930.89},{"text":"capable","start":7930.89,"end":7931.21},{"text":"of","start":7931.21,"end":7931.33},{"text":"possessing","start":7931.33,"end":7931.97},{"text":"rights","start":7931.97,"end":7932.29},{"text":"and","start":7932.29,"end":7932.41},{"text":"obligations","start":7932.41,"end":7933.33},{"text":"under","start":7933.41,"end":7933.73},{"text":"international","start":7933.73,"end":7934.57},{"text":"law.","start":7934.57,"end":7934.65}]},{"text":"It is also indisputable that the failure to fulfill an international obligation entails international responsibility.","start":7936.49,"end":7943.41,"topics":[{"key":"io-responsibility","label":"Responsibility of International Organizations","description":"Delegations examined whether international organizations, as subjects of international law, incur responsibility for internationally wrongful acts and how accountability should operate as their role in global governance 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International Court of Justice first affirmed this in 1949.","start":7957.33,"end":7961.97,"topics":[{"key":"io-responsibility","label":"Responsibility of International Organizations","description":"Delegations examined whether international organizations, as subjects of international law, incur responsibility for internationally wrongful acts and how accountability should operate as their role in global governance expands."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":7957.33,"end":7957.53},{"text":"International","start":7957.53,"end":7958.37},{"text":"Court","start":7958.37,"end":7958.85},{"text":"of","start":7958.89,"end":7959.01},{"text":"Justice","start":7959.01,"end":7959.73},{"text":"first","start":7959.73,"end":7960.05},{"text":"affirmed","start":7960.05,"end":7960.45},{"text":"this","start":7960.45,"end":7960.69},{"text":"in","start":7960.69,"end":7960.81},{"text":"1949.","start":7960.81,"end":7961.97}]},{"text":"In its advisory opinion on reparation for injuries suffered in the service 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its 1962 advisory opinion on certain expenses of the UN, the ICJ established that the acts of an organization committed in violation of its internal rules, including acts that exceed the powers of particular bodies but falling within its overall competence, are attributable to the organization and have consequences for its member states, including financial ones.","start":7986.85,"end":8014.33,"topics":[{"key":"attribution-allocation","label":"Attribution and Allocation of Responsibility","description":"Speakers discussed how conduct should be attributed to international organizations and how responsibility should be allocated between organizations and member states, especially in cases involving delegated authority, effective control, sanctions, or joint action."},{"key":"io-responsibility","label":"Responsibility of International Organizations","description":"Delegations examined whether international organizations, as subjects of international law, incur responsibility for 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1999, advisory opinion on the difference relating to immunity from legal process of a special rapporteur of the Commission on Human Rights, the ICJ also observed that when, and I quote, \"damage results from acts performed by the UN or its agents acting in their official capacity, the United Nations may be required to bear responsibility for the damage arising from such acts.","start":8016.01,"end":8050.33,"topics":[{"key":"io-responsibility","label":"Responsibility of International Organizations","description":"Delegations examined whether international organizations, as subjects of international law, incur responsibility for internationally wrongful acts and how accountability should operate as their role in global governance 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the very high number of international organizations and their rapidly growing role in world affairs, the issue of the responsibility of international organizations is becoming increasingly pertinent.","start":8051.45,"end":8065.53,"topics":[{"key":"io-responsibility","label":"Responsibility of International Organizations","description":"Delegations examined whether international organizations, as subjects of international law, incur responsibility for internationally wrongful acts and how accountability should operate as their role in global governance 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has long ago ceased to be purely theoretical, and the legal gaps in this area are becoming even less tolerable.","start":8066.69,"end":8074.29,"topics":[{"key":"io-responsibility","label":"Responsibility of International Organizations","description":"Delegations examined whether international organizations, as subjects of international law, incur responsibility for internationally wrongful acts and how accountability should operate as their role in global governance 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some cases, the harm caused by international organizations may be more serious than the harm caused by states.","start":8074.77,"end":8082.29,"topics":[{"key":"io-responsibility","label":"Responsibility of International Organizations","description":"Delegations examined whether international organizations, as subjects of international law, incur responsibility for internationally wrongful acts and how accountability should operate as their role in global governance 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organizations, including decisions that are adopted within their mandates that affect the rights of states, individuals, and sometimes entire peoples.","start":8082.93,"end":8097.25,"topics":[{"key":"io-responsibility","label":"Responsibility of International Organizations","description":"Delegations examined whether international organizations, as subjects of international law, incur responsibility for internationally wrongful acts and how accountability should operate as their role in global governance 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like to draw attention to the activities of international financial institutions, decisions of which can have long-term consequences, especially for developing countries.","start":8098.05,"end":8107.89,"topics":[{"key":"io-responsibility","label":"Responsibility of International Organizations","description":"Delegations examined whether international organizations, as subjects of international law, incur responsibility for internationally wrongful acts and how accountability should operate as their role in global governance 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organizations are derivative subjects of international law.","start":8108.93,"end":8114.09,"topics":[{"key":"io-responsibility","label":"Responsibility of International Organizations","description":"Delegations examined whether international organizations, as subjects of international law, incur responsibility for internationally wrongful acts and how accountability should operate as their role in global governance expands."}],"words":[{"text":"International","start":8108.93,"end":8109.45},{"text":"organizations","start":8109.45,"end":8110.53},{"text":"are","start":8111.13,"end":8111.37},{"text":"derivative","start":8111.37,"end":8112.09},{"text":"subjects","start":8112.09,"end":8112.85},{"text":"of","start":8112.85,"end":8112.97},{"text":"international","start":8112.97,"end":8113.85},{"text":"law.","start":8113.85,"end":8114.09}]},{"text":"Their powers have the basis and limits that are established by states.","start":8114.33,"end":8119.53,"topics":[{"key":"attribution-allocation","label":"Attribution and Allocation of Responsibility","description":"Speakers discussed how conduct should be attributed to international organizations and how responsibility should be allocated between organizations and member states, especially in cases involving delegated authority, effective control, sanctions, or joint action."},{"key":"io-responsibility","label":"Responsibility of International Organizations","description":"Delegations examined whether international organizations, as subjects of international law, incur responsibility for internationally wrongful acts and how accountability should operate as their role in global governance 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very relevant is the question of the responsibility of international organizations toward their member states as arising from violations of their constituent documents.","start":8132.89,"end":8143.49,"topics":[{"key":"io-responsibility","label":"Responsibility of International Organizations","description":"Delegations examined whether international organizations, as subjects of international law, incur responsibility for internationally wrongful acts and how accountability should operate as their role in global governance 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this context, we are forced to note the negative trend we've seen over the past few years of organizations and their secretariats exceeding their mandates.","start":8145.61,"end":8156.13,"topics":[{"key":"attribution-allocation","label":"Attribution and Allocation of Responsibility","description":"Speakers discussed how conduct should be attributed to international organizations and how responsibility should be allocated between organizations and member states, especially in cases involving delegated authority, effective control, sanctions, or joint action."},{"key":"io-responsibility","label":"Responsibility of International Organizations","description":"Delegations examined whether international organizations, as subjects of international law, incur responsibility for internationally wrongful acts and how accountability should operate as their role in global governance 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the International Impartial and Independent Mechanism for Syria, established by the General Assembly resolution 71/248.","start":8216.81,"end":8224.81,"topics":[{"key":"attribution-allocation","label":"Attribution and Allocation of Responsibility","description":"Speakers discussed how conduct should be attributed to international organizations and how responsibility should be allocated between organizations and member states, especially in cases involving delegated authority, effective control, sanctions, or joint 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like to recall that in February of this year, Russia, together with a group of states, sent you a letter about the need to convene an international conference to begin negotiations on developing a convention in this regard.","start":8253.77,"end":8269.33,"topics":[{"key":"io-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the RIO Draft Articles","description":"Many delegations debated whether the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations are mature enough for treaty negotiations or should remain as a reference text until more practice and broader consensus 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treaty.","start":8279.81,"end":8288.77,"topics":[{"key":"io-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the RIO Draft Articles","description":"Many delegations debated whether the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations are mature enough for treaty negotiations or should remain as a reference text until more practice and broader consensus 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believe that these draft articles, which were taken note of by General Assembly resolution 75/143 in 2020, without prejudice to any future action on them, as a whole represent a carefully crafted document that largely takes into account the specificities of international organizations as subjects of international law.","start":8290.05,"end":8313.65,"topics":[{"key":"io-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the RIO Draft Articles","description":"Many delegations debated whether the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations are mature enough for treaty negotiations or should remain as a reference text until more practice and broader consensus 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some of its provisions do require further discussion, especially the issue of whether international organization possesses a right to self-defense.","start":8314.69,"end":8322.93,"topics":[{"key":"io-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the RIO Draft Articles","description":"Many delegations debated whether the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations are mature enough for treaty negotiations or should remain as a reference text until more practice and broader consensus 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also would like to recall the need for the Sixth Committee to treat the products of the ILC equally.","start":8323.73,"end":8330.29,"topics":[{"key":"io-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the RIO Draft Articles","description":"Many delegations debated whether the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations are mature enough for treaty negotiations or should remain as a reference text until more practice and broader consensus 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topics, first and foremost the prevention and punishment of crimes against humanity, as well as the protection of persons in the event of disasters, we have seen persistent efforts to advance treaty-making processes.","start":8331.97,"end":8347.89,"topics":[{"key":"expulsion-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the Expulsion Draft Articles","description":"States differed on whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on expulsion of aliens should become a binding convention, remain non-binding guidance, or continue to be examined through further dialogue and working 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objections raised by delegations have often been depicted as obstacles to progress.","start":8348.37,"end":8353.73,"topics":[{"key":"expulsion-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the Expulsion Draft Articles","description":"States differed on whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on expulsion of aliens should become a binding convention, remain non-binding guidance, or continue to be examined through further dialogue and working 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impression has been that for advocates of these initiatives, launching negotiations and bringing them to a conclusion as soon as possible by a predetermined deadline is more important than developing genuinely universal instruments by resolving serious disagreements about the substance of these future treaties.","start":8365.13,"end":8383.13,"topics":[{"key":"expulsion-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the Expulsion Draft Articles","description":"States differed on whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on expulsion of aliens should become a binding convention, remain non-binding guidance, or continue to be examined through further dialogue and working 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are convinced that the quality of work on the codification and progressive development of international law must not be sacrificed for the desire to announce yet another achievement Consensus means taking the states into account, not simply securing their agreement under pressure.","start":8383.69,"end":8400.85,"topics":[{"key":"expulsion-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the Expulsion Draft Articles","description":"States differed on whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on expulsion of aliens should become a binding convention, remain non-binding guidance, or continue to be examined through further dialogue and working 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this makes the contrast with the treatment of other outcomes of the ILC's work all the more glaring.","start":8401.77,"end":8408.53,"topics":[{"key":"expulsion-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the Expulsion Draft Articles","description":"States differed on whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on expulsion of aliens should become a binding convention, remain non-binding guidance, or continue to be examined through further dialogue and working 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it is clear that from the point of view of legal certainty, it would be preferable for the relevant decisions to be based on rules approved by states and that have binding legal force.","start":8420.45,"end":8432.33,"topics":[{"key":"io-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the RIO Draft Articles","description":"Many delegations debated whether the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations are mature enough for treaty negotiations or should remain as a reference text until more practice and broader consensus 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adapting to international organizations, the approach underlying the work on the article of state responsibility, the commission demonstrated thus a consistent understanding of issues related to international responsibility as a whole.","start":8434.93,"end":8447.93,"topics":[{"key":"io-responsibility","label":"Responsibility of International Organizations","description":"Delegations examined whether international organizations, as subjects of international law, incur responsibility for internationally wrongful acts and how accountability should operate as their role in global governance expands."},{"key":"attribution-allocation","label":"Attribution and Allocation of Responsibility","description":"Speakers discussed how conduct should be attributed to international organizations and how responsibility should be allocated between organizations and member states, especially in cases involving delegated authority, effective control, sanctions, or joint action."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":8434.93,"end":8435.09},{"text":"adapting","start":8435.09,"end":8435.61},{"text":"to","start":8435.61,"end":8435.81},{"text":"international","start":8435.81,"end":8436.45},{"text":"organizations,","start":8436.45,"end":8437.29},{"text":"the","start":8437.29,"end":8437.41},{"text":"approach","start":8437.41,"end":8437.85},{"text":"underlying","start":8437.85,"end":8438.33},{"text":"the","start":8438.33,"end":8438.41},{"text":"work","start":8438.41,"end":8438.81},{"text":"on","start":8438.89,"end":8438.97},{"text":"the","start":8438.97,"end":8439.09},{"text":"article","start":8439.09,"end":8439.37},{"text":"of","start":8439.37,"end":8439.45},{"text":"state","start":8439.45,"end":8439.61},{"text":"responsibility,","start":8439.61,"end":8440.49},{"text":"the","start":8440.73,"end":8440.85},{"text":"commission","start":8440.85,"end":8441.33},{"text":"demonstrated","start":8441.33,"end":8441.97},{"text":"thus","start":8441.97,"end":8442.25},{"text":"a","start":8442.33,"end":8442.37},{"text":"consistent","start":8442.37,"end":8443.21},{"text":"understanding","start":8443.21,"end":8444.17},{"text":"of","start":8444.53,"end":8444.73},{"text":"issues","start":8444.73,"end":8445.13},{"text":"related","start":8445.13,"end":8445.53},{"text":"to","start":8445.53,"end":8445.65},{"text":"international","start":8445.65,"end":8446.21},{"text":"responsibility","start":8446.21,"end":8447.13},{"text":"as","start":8447.29,"end":8447.45},{"text":"a","start":8447.45,"end":8447.53},{"text":"whole.","start":8447.53,"end":8447.93}]},{"text":"At the same time, it took into account specificities of international organizations as subjects of international law.","start":8448.73,"end":8454.25,"topics":[{"key":"io-responsibility","label":"Responsibility of International Organizations","description":"Delegations examined whether international organizations, as subjects of international law, incur responsibility for internationally wrongful acts and how accountability should operate as their role in global governance expands."}],"words":[{"text":"At","start":8448.73,"end":8448.81},{"text":"the","start":8448.81,"end":8448.93},{"text":"same","start":8448.93,"end":8449.21},{"text":"time,","start":8449.21,"end":8449.69},{"text":"it","start":8449.69,"end":8450.13},{"text":"took","start":8450.13,"end":8450.33},{"text":"into","start":8450.33,"end":8450.69},{"text":"account","start":8450.69,"end":8450.97},{"text":"specificities","start":8450.97,"end":8451.57},{"text":"of","start":8451.57,"end":8451.65},{"text":"international","start":8451.65,"end":8452.13},{"text":"organizations","start":8452.13,"end":8452.89},{"text":"as","start":8452.89,"end":8453.09},{"text":"subjects","start":8453.09,"end":8453.45},{"text":"of","start":8453.45,"end":8453.53},{"text":"international","start":8453.53,"end":8454.05},{"text":"law.","start":8454.05,"end":8454.25}]},{"text":"Not all the provisions of the draft articles are beyond dispute.","start":8455.37,"end":8459.29,"topics":[{"key":"io-draft-form","label":"Future Form of 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Chair, it is no secret that translating the question of responsibility of international organizations into practical terms leads to a number of challenges.","start":8483.41,"end":8491.65,"topics":[{"key":"io-responsibility","label":"Responsibility of International Organizations","description":"Delegations examined whether international organizations, as subjects of international law, incur responsibility for internationally wrongful acts and how accountability should operate as their role in global governance 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universal international legal instrument that would clearly regulate this issue has yet to be adopted.","start":8493.25,"end":8500.05,"topics":[{"key":"io-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the RIO Draft Articles","description":"Many delegations debated whether the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations are mature enough for treaty negotiations or should remain as a reference text until more practice and broader consensus develop."}],"words":[{"text":"A","start":8493.25,"end":8493.29},{"text":"universal","start":8493.29,"end":8493.97},{"text":"international","start":8493.97,"end":8494.77},{"text":"legal","start":8494.77,"end":8495.01},{"text":"instrument","start":8495.01,"end":8495.65},{"text":"that","start":8495.65,"end":8495.81},{"text":"would","start":8495.81,"end":8496.13},{"text":"clearly","start":8496.13,"end":8496.69},{"text":"regulate","start":8496.69,"end":8497.49},{"text":"this","start":8497.81,"end":8498.13},{"text":"issue","start":8498.13,"end":8498.69},{"text":"has","start":8498.69,"end":8498.93},{"text":"yet","start":8498.93,"end":8499.13},{"text":"to","start":8499.13,"end":8499.21},{"text":"be","start":8499.25,"end":8499.41},{"text":"adopted.","start":8499.41,"end":8500.05}]},{"text":"In reality, there are virtually no effective mechanisms for holding international organizations to account.","start":8501.21,"end":8506.81,"topics":[{"key":"io-responsibility","label":"Responsibility of International Organizations","description":"Delegations examined whether international organizations, as subjects of international law, incur responsibility for internationally wrongful acts and how accountability should operate as their role in global governance expands."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":8501.21,"end":8501.53},{"text":"reality,","start":8501.53,"end":8502.25},{"text":"there","start":8502.25,"end":8502.45},{"text":"are","start":8502.45,"end":8502.53},{"text":"virtually","start":8502.53,"end":8502.97},{"text":"no","start":8502.97,"end":8503.17},{"text":"effective","start":8503.17,"end":8503.77},{"text":"mechanisms","start":8503.77,"end":8504.49},{"text":"for","start":8504.49,"end":8504.73},{"text":"holding","start":8504.73,"end":8505.01},{"text":"international","start":8505.01,"end":8505.73},{"text":"organizations","start":8505.73,"end":8506.21},{"text":"to","start":8506.21,"end":8506.29},{"text":"account.","start":8506.33,"end":8506.81}]},{"text":"Unlike states, organizations generally do not take part in international treaties containing provisions for the judicial settlement of disputes.","start":8507.85,"end":8516.49,"topics":[{"key":"io-responsibility","label":"Responsibility of International Organizations","description":"Delegations examined whether international organizations, as subjects of international law, incur responsibility for internationally wrongful acts and how accountability should operate as their role in global governance expands."}],"words":[{"text":"Unlike","start":8507.85,"end":8508.17},{"text":"states,","start":8508.17,"end":8508.49},{"text":"organizations","start":8508.49,"end":8509.45},{"text":"generally","start":8509.53,"end":8510.01},{"text":"do","start":8510.01,"end":8510.25},{"text":"not","start":8510.25,"end":8510.53},{"text":"take","start":8510.53,"end":8510.65},{"text":"part","start":8510.65,"end":8510.89},{"text":"in","start":8510.89,"end":8510.97},{"text":"international","start":8510.97,"end":8511.61},{"text":"treaties","start":8511.61,"end":8512.21},{"text":"containing","start":8512.21,"end":8512.69},{"text":"provisions","start":8512.69,"end":8513.29},{"text":"for","start":8513.29,"end":8513.61},{"text":"the","start":8513.61,"end":8513.81},{"text":"judicial","start":8514.25,"end":8514.97},{"text":"settlement","start":8514.97,"end":8515.61},{"text":"of","start":8515.61,"end":8515.77},{"text":"disputes.","start":8515.77,"end":8516.49}]},{"text":"The statute of the ICJ limits the court's jurisdiction to disputes between states only.","start":8516.81,"end":8522.73,"topics":[{"key":"io-responsibility","label":"Responsibility of International Organizations","description":"Delegations examined whether international organizations, as subjects of international law, incur responsibility for internationally wrongful acts and how accountability should operate as their role in global governance expands."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":8516.81,"end":8516.97},{"text":"statute","start":8516.97,"end":8517.69},{"text":"of","start":8517.69,"end":8517.93},{"text":"the","start":8517.93,"end":8518.05},{"text":"ICJ","start":8518.17,"end":8519.05},{"text":"limits","start":8519.05,"end":8519.69},{"text":"the","start":8519.69,"end":8519.89},{"text":"court's","start":8519.89,"end":8520.29},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":8520.29,"end":8520.97},{"text":"to","start":8520.97,"end":8521.13},{"text":"disputes","start":8521.13,"end":8521.61},{"text":"between","start":8521.61,"end":8522.01},{"text":"states","start":8522.01,"end":8522.37},{"text":"only.","start":8522.37,"end":8522.73}]},{"text":"Recourse to national courts, where this is possible at all given the immunity that is enjoyed by international organizations, in general is limited to matters of civil law.","start":8524.01,"end":8533.49,"topics":[{"key":"io-responsibility","label":"Responsibility of International Organizations","description":"Delegations examined whether international organizations, as subjects of international law, incur responsibility for internationally wrongful acts and how accountability should operate as their role in global governance expands."}],"words":[{"text":"Recourse","start":8524.01,"end":8524.57},{"text":"to","start":8524.57,"end":8524.73},{"text":"national","start":8524.73,"end":8525.21},{"text":"courts,","start":8525.21,"end":8525.61},{"text":"where","start":8525.61,"end":8525.77},{"text":"this","start":8525.77,"end":8526.01},{"text":"is","start":8526.01,"end":8526.33},{"text":"possible","start":8526.33,"end":8526.77},{"text":"at","start":8526.77,"end":8526.89},{"text":"all","start":8526.89,"end":8527.13},{"text":"given","start":8527.13,"end":8527.45},{"text":"the","start":8527.45,"end":8527.57},{"text":"immunity","start":8527.57,"end":8528.33},{"text":"that","start":8528.49,"end":8528.61},{"text":"is","start":8528.61,"end":8528.69},{"text":"enjoyed","start":8528.69,"end":8528.89},{"text":"by","start":8528.89,"end":8528.97},{"text":"international","start":8528.97,"end":8529.45},{"text":"organizations,","start":8529.45,"end":8530.17},{"text":"in","start":8530.69,"end":8530.93},{"text":"general","start":8530.93,"end":8531.33},{"text":"is","start":8531.33,"end":8531.49},{"text":"limited","start":8531.49,"end":8531.97},{"text":"to","start":8531.97,"end":8532.29},{"text":"matters","start":8532.29,"end":8532.65},{"text":"of","start":8532.65,"end":8532.77},{"text":"civil","start":8532.77,"end":8533.41},{"text":"law.","start":8533.41,"end":8533.49}]},{"text":"The enforcement of judicial decisions is also very difficult because of the immunities that are involved.","start":8535.25,"end":8541.17,"topics":[{"key":"io-responsibility","label":"Responsibility of International Organizations","description":"Delegations examined whether international organizations, as subjects of international law, incur responsibility for internationally wrongful acts and how accountability should operate as their role in global governance 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argued that the subject is supposedly not yet ready for codification, the question arises, how can such practice develop under these circumstances?","start":8542.85,"end":8563.41,"topics":[{"key":"io-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the RIO Draft Articles","description":"Many delegations debated whether the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations are mature enough for treaty negotiations or should remain as a reference text until more practice and broader consensus 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believe that the lack of practice on the implementation of responsibility for international organizations is actually evidence of a legal gap that needs to be addressed.","start":8564.61,"end":8574.13,"topics":[{"key":"io-responsibility","label":"Responsibility of International Organizations","description":"Delegations examined whether international organizations, as subjects of international law, incur responsibility for internationally wrongful acts and how accountability should operate as their role in global governance 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we would have to accept a reality in which international organizations, unlike states, bear no responsibility whatsoever for their internationally wrongful acts.","start":8575.25,"end":8586.61,"topics":[{"key":"io-responsibility","label":"Responsibility of International Organizations","description":"Delegations examined whether international organizations, as subjects of international law, incur responsibility for internationally wrongful acts and how accountability should operate as their role in global governance 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would simply become an instrument for evading responsibility in circumstances where it would be unavoidable if a state were to act in its national capacity.","start":8587.01,"end":8596.77,"topics":[{"key":"io-responsibility","label":"Responsibility of International Organizations","description":"Delegations examined whether international organizations, as subjects of international law, incur responsibility for internationally wrongful acts and how accountability should operate as their role in global governance 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light of all this, we cannot agree with the reasoning of certain international organizations that they should not bear any responsibility independently because of certain distinctive characteristics, such as the high degree of integration among the member states or decision making by consensus.","start":8597.69,"end":8613.69,"topics":[{"key":"io-responsibility","label":"Responsibility of International Organizations","description":"Delegations examined whether international organizations, as subjects of international law, incur responsibility for internationally wrongful acts and how accountability should operate as their role in global governance 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their view, this responsibility is a matter for states alone.","start":8614.17,"end":8616.81,"topics":[{"key":"io-responsibility","label":"Responsibility of International Organizations","description":"Delegations examined whether international organizations, as subjects of international law, incur responsibility for internationally wrongful acts and how accountability should operate as their role in global governance expands."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":8614.17,"end":8614.29},{"text":"their","start":8614.29,"end":8614.49},{"text":"view,","start":8614.49,"end":8614.57},{"text":"this","start":8614.57,"end":8614.73},{"text":"responsibility","start":8614.73,"end":8615.45},{"text":"is","start":8615.45,"end":8615.53},{"text":"a","start":8615.53,"end":8615.57},{"text":"matter","start":8615.57,"end":8615.81},{"text":"for","start":8615.81,"end":8615.93},{"text":"states","start":8615.93,"end":8616.25},{"text":"alone.","start":8616.25,"end":8616.81}]},{"text":"But this approach runs counter to the very idea that an organization is a subject of international law.","start":8616.93,"end":8626.01,"topics":[{"key":"io-responsibility","label":"Responsibility of International Organizations","description":"Delegations examined whether international organizations, as subjects of international law, incur responsibility for internationally wrongful acts and how accountability should operate as their role in global governance 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status, including, inter alia, the ability to conclude international treaties or participate in the work of other international organizations in their own name.","start":8626.69,"end":8641.41,"topics":[{"key":"io-responsibility","label":"Responsibility of International Organizations","description":"Delegations examined whether international organizations, as subjects of international law, incur responsibility for internationally wrongful acts and how accountability should operate as their role in global governance 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addition, some states object to having their responsibility adjudicated by the courts, including international courts, on the grounds that they were implementing a decision of an international organization.","start":8642.05,"end":8652.05,"topics":[{"key":"attribution-allocation","label":"Attribution and Allocation of Responsibility","description":"Speakers discussed how conduct should be attributed to international organizations and how responsibility should be allocated between organizations and member states, especially in cases involving delegated authority, effective control, sanctions, or joint 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creates a situation in which decisions of international organizations, including those that have been adopted beyond their mandates, becomes a means of evading responsibility.","start":8652.73,"end":8664.09,"topics":[{"key":"attribution-allocation","label":"Attribution and Allocation of Responsibility","description":"Speakers discussed how conduct should be attributed to international organizations and how responsibility should be allocated between organizations and member states, especially in cases involving delegated authority, effective control, sanctions, or joint action."},{"key":"io-responsibility","label":"Responsibility of International Organizations","description":"Delegations examined whether international organizations, as subjects of international law, incur responsibility for internationally wrongful acts and how accountability should operate as their role in global governance expands."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":8652.73,"end":8652.93},{"text":"creates","start":8652.93,"end":8653.21},{"text":"a","start":8653.21,"end":8653.25},{"text":"situation","start":8653.25,"end":8653.93},{"text":"in","start":8653.93,"end":8654.17},{"text":"which","start":8654.17,"end":8654.41},{"text":"decisions","start":8654.41,"end":8655.13},{"text":"of","start":8655.13,"end":8655.45},{"text":"international","start":8655.53,"end":8656.09},{"text":"organizations,","start":8656.09,"end":8656.97},{"text":"including","start":8657.37,"end":8658.09},{"text":"those","start":8658.09,"end":8658.33},{"text":"that","start":8658.33,"end":8658.49},{"text":"have","start":8658.49,"end":8658.65},{"text":"been","start":8658.65,"end":8658.89},{"text":"adopted","start":8658.89,"end":8659.77},{"text":"beyond","start":8660.41,"end":8660.97},{"text":"their","start":8660.97,"end":8661.13},{"text":"mandates,","start":8661.13,"end":8661.77},{"text":"becomes","start":8662.01,"end":8662.53},{"text":"a","start":8662.53,"end":8662.57},{"text":"means","start":8662.57,"end":8662.93},{"text":"of","start":8662.93,"end":8663.01},{"text":"evading","start":8663.01,"end":8663.29},{"text":"responsibility.","start":8663.29,"end":8664.09}]},{"text":"Madam Chair.","start":8665.13,"end":8665.77,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":8665.13,"end":8665.45},{"text":"Chair.","start":8665.45,"end":8665.77}]},{"text":"In closing, our delegation looks forward to more active discussions in the General Assembly on the issue of responsibility of international relations.","start":8666.89,"end":8675.29,"topics":[{"key":"io-responsibility","label":"Responsibility of International Organizations","description":"Delegations examined whether international organizations, as subjects of international law, incur responsibility for internationally wrongful acts and how accountability should operate as their role in global governance expands."},{"key":"io-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the RIO Draft Articles","description":"Many delegations debated whether the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations are mature enough for treaty negotiations or should remain as a reference text until more practice and broader consensus 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like to also note that on October 27, the permanent mission of the Russian Federation to the UN will be holding an event on the topic of our discussions today, that is to say, the role of international relations in the modern world, including the question of their 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invite all interested parties to attend.","start":8692.77,"end":8695.69,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":8692.77,"end":8692.97},{"text":"invite","start":8692.97,"end":8693.41},{"text":"all","start":8693.41,"end":8693.57},{"text":"interested","start":8693.57,"end":8694.05},{"text":"parties","start":8694.05,"end":8694.61},{"text":"to","start":8694.69,"end":8695.09},{"text":"attend.","start":8695.17,"end":8695.69}]},{"text":"We'll be happy to welcome you from 10:00 a.m. to 12:00 noon at the UN headquarters in conference room 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for your attention.","start":8702.45,"end":8703.25,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":8702.45,"end":8702.61},{"text":"you","start":8702.61,"end":8702.69},{"text":"for","start":8702.69,"end":8702.81},{"text":"your","start":8702.81,"end":8702.93},{"text":"attention.","start":8702.93,"end":8703.25}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"RUS","group":null,"function":null,"affiliation_full":"Russian Federation"}},{"statement_number":63,"start":8704.21,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c6/81/24?lang=en&t=2:25:05","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of the Russian Federation, and I give the floor to the distinguished representative of the Islamic Republic of Iran, to be followed by 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states, international organizations do not possess general competence, but are established to exercise the specific functions which should be carried out in accordance with the fundamental principles of international law.","start":8812.33,"end":8825.29,"topics":[{"key":"io-responsibility","label":"Responsibility of International Organizations","description":"Delegations examined whether international organizations, as subjects of international law, incur responsibility for internationally wrongful acts and how accountability should operate as their role in global governance 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while the draft articles draw upon the framework of state responsibility, they must constitute a set of rules reflecting the particular legal nature and characteristics of international organizations.","start":8826.57,"end":8839.61,"topics":[{"key":"io-responsibility","label":"Responsibility of International Organizations","description":"Delegations examined whether international organizations, as subjects of international law, incur responsibility for internationally wrongful acts and how accountability should operate as their role in global governance 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therefore underline that certain concepts developed in the context of state responsibility, particularly those relating to self-defense, necessity, and countermeasures, are are not in the context of responsibility of international organizations.","start":8841.69,"end":8856.85,"topics":[{"key":"io-responsibility","label":"Responsibility of International Organizations","description":"Delegations examined whether international organizations, as subjects of international law, incur responsibility for internationally wrongful acts and how accountability should operate as their role in global governance 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Chair, we also wish to underline the importance of ensuring that rules of an international organizations are not invoked as a means of circumventing obligations on the international law.","start":8857.97,"end":8867.85,"topics":[{"key":"io-responsibility","label":"Responsibility of International Organizations","description":"Delegations examined whether international organizations, as subjects of international law, incur responsibility for internationally wrongful acts and how accountability should operate as their role in global governance 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our view, the distinct institutional arrangements of international organizations should not be used to create gaps in accountability or to shield international wrongful conduct from its legal consequences.","start":8867.97,"end":8881.17,"topics":[{"key":"io-responsibility","label":"Responsibility of International Organizations","description":"Delegations examined whether international organizations, as subjects of international law, incur responsibility for internationally wrongful acts and how accountability should operate as their role in global governance 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matter deserving careful consideration concerns the responsibility of states in connection with the conduct of international organizations.","start":8883.37,"end":8890.33,"topics":[{"key":"attribution-allocation","label":"Attribution and Allocation of Responsibility","description":"Speakers discussed how conduct should be attributed to international organizations and how responsibility should be allocated between organizations and member states, especially in cases involving delegated authority, effective control, sanctions, or joint action."},{"key":"io-responsibility","label":"Responsibility of International Organizations","description":"Delegations examined whether international organizations, as subjects of international law, incur responsibility for internationally wrongful acts and how accountability should operate as their role in global governance 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or coercion warrant careful examination under the relevant rules of international law.","start":8891.05,"end":8901.09,"topics":[{"key":"attribution-allocation","label":"Attribution and Allocation of Responsibility","description":"Speakers discussed how conduct should be attributed to international organizations and how responsibility should be allocated between organizations and member states, especially in cases involving delegated authority, effective control, sanctions, or joint 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question is especially important where member states through their own conduct or participation in an organization's decision-making process contribute to international acts.","start":8902.01,"end":8911.29,"topics":[{"key":"attribution-allocation","label":"Attribution and Allocation of Responsibility","description":"Speakers discussed how conduct should be attributed to international organizations and how responsibility should be allocated between organizations and member states, especially in cases involving delegated authority, effective control, sanctions, or joint 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this context, we wish to draw attention to a particularly concerning development where an international framework, namely NATO, has expressly acknowledged that the territory of some of their member states has been used in support of aggression against my country.","start":8912.81,"end":8926.33,"topics":[{"key":"attribution-allocation","label":"Attribution and Allocation of Responsibility","description":"Speakers discussed how conduct should be attributed to international organizations and how responsibility should be allocated between organizations and member states, especially in cases involving delegated authority, effective control, sanctions, or joint action."},{"key":"io-responsibility","label":"Responsibility of International Organizations","description":"Delegations examined whether international organizations, as subjects of international law, incur responsibility for internationally wrongful acts and how accountability should operate as their role in global governance 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an interview on 23 September 2026, the Secretary General of NATO again admitted that 5,000 sorties of flights had taken off from certain bases in support of the aggression against my country.","start":8927.09,"end":8941.33,"topics":[{"key":"attribution-allocation","label":"Attribution and Allocation of Responsibility","description":"Speakers discussed how conduct should be attributed to international organizations and how responsibility should be allocated between organizations and member states, especially in cases involving delegated authority, effective control, sanctions, or joint action."},{"key":"io-responsibility","label":"Responsibility of International Organizations","description":"Delegations examined whether international organizations, as subjects of international law, incur responsibility for internationally wrongful acts and how accountability should operate as their role in global governance 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acknowledgements points to the aid and assistance in commission of an international wrongful act.","start":8942.37,"end":8947.89,"topics":[{"key":"attribution-allocation","label":"Attribution and Allocation of Responsibility","description":"Speakers discussed how conduct should be attributed to international organizations and how responsibility should be allocated between organizations and member states, especially in cases involving delegated authority, effective control, sanctions, or joint 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reiterate that the rules of responsibility of international organizations should be crystallized in the form of a binding treaty.","start":8964.89,"end":8972.49,"topics":[{"key":"io-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the RIO Draft Articles","description":"Many delegations debated whether the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations are mature enough for treaty negotiations or should remain as a reference text until more practice and broader consensus 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a framework contributes to legal certainty, reinforces the credibility and legitimacy of international organizations, strengthens confidence in international cooperation and international law, while ensuring that the role of international organizations remain consistent with accountability and the rule of law at the international level.","start":8973.37,"end":8992.17,"topics":[{"key":"io-responsibility","label":"Responsibility of International Organizations","description":"Delegations examined whether international organizations, as subjects of international law, incur responsibility for internationally wrongful acts and how accountability should operate as their role in global governance expands."},{"key":"rule-of-law","label":"Rule of Law","description":"Speakers stressed the importance of strengthening the rule of law at both the national and international levels as a basis for rights protection, accountability, peaceful dispute settlement, and stable multilateral 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we reaffirm that products of the Commission should receive equal and appropriate treatment, by way of which progress is imperative under the present agenda item.","start":8992.89,"end":9003.05,"topics":[{"key":"io-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the RIO Draft Articles","description":"Many delegations debated whether the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations are mature enough for treaty negotiations or should remain as a reference text until more practice and broader consensus 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thank you, Madam Chair.","start":9003.21,"end":9004.09,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":9003.21,"end":9003.37},{"text":"thank","start":9003.37,"end":9003.57},{"text":"you,","start":9003.57,"end":9003.65},{"text":"Madam","start":9003.65,"end":9003.93},{"text":"Chair.","start":9003.93,"end":9004.09}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"IRN","group":null,"function":null,"affiliation_full":"Iran (Islamic Republic of)"}},{"statement_number":65,"start":9004.73,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c6/81/24?lang=en&t=2:30:05","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of Iran for his statement, and I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Bangladesh, to be followed by Vietnam.","start":9004.73,"end":9013.69,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":9004.73,"end":9004.89},{"text":"thank","start":9004.93,"end":9005.21},{"text":"the","start":9005.21,"end":9005.33},{"text":"distinguished","start":9005.33,"end":9006.01},{"text":"representative","start":9006.01,"end":9006.73},{"text":"of","start":9006.73,"end":9006.89},{"text":"Iran","start":9007.01,"end":9007.37},{"text":"for","start":9007.37,"end":9007.61},{"text":"his","start":9007.61,"end":9007.81},{"text":"statement,","start":9007.81,"end":9008.45},{"text":"and","start":9008.45,"end":9008.61},{"text":"I","start":9008.61,"end":9008.65},{"text":"give","start":9008.65,"end":9008.85},{"text":"the","start":9008.85,"end":9008.97},{"text":"floor","start":9008.97,"end":9009.29},{"text":"to","start":9009.29,"end":9009.41},{"text":"the","start":9009.41,"end":9009.49},{"text":"distinguished","start":9009.49,"end":9010.09},{"text":"representative","start":9010.09,"end":9010.85},{"text":"of","start":9010.85,"end":9010.97},{"text":"Bangladesh,","start":9010.97,"end":9011.85},{"text":"to","start":9012.17,"end":9012.33},{"text":"be","start":9012.33,"end":9012.49},{"text":"followed","start":9012.49,"end":9012.85},{"text":"by","start":9012.85,"end":9013.05},{"text":"Vietnam.","start":9013.05,"end":9013.69}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"6th Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair","affiliation_full":"6th Committee"}},{"statement_number":66,"start":9023.89,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c6/81/24?lang=en&t=2:30:24","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Mr. Lahiru Manoreen, thank you, Madam Chair.","start":9023.89,"end":9025.65,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":9023.89,"end":9024.17},{"text":"Lahiru","start":9024.17,"end":9024.41},{"text":"Manoreen,","start":9024.41,"end":9024.85},{"text":"thank","start":9024.85,"end":9025.01},{"text":"you,","start":9025.01,"end":9025.09},{"text":"Madam","start":9025.09,"end":9025.33},{"text":"Chair.","start":9025.33,"end":9025.65}]},{"text":"Bangladesh thanks the Secretary General for his reports under this item, the updated compilation of decisions of international courts, tribunals, and other bodies referring to the articles on the responsibility of international organizations, and the comments and information received from governments and international organizations.","start":9026.29,"end":9045.65,"topics":[{"key":"io-responsibility","label":"Responsibility of International Organizations","description":"Delegations examined whether international organizations, as subjects of international law, incur responsibility for internationally wrongful acts and how accountability should operate as their role in global governance 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Chair, it is now 15 years since the International Law Commission adopted these articles in 2011.","start":9046.13,"end":9051.65,"topics":[{"key":"io-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the RIO Draft Articles","description":"Many delegations debated whether the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations are mature enough for treaty negotiations or should remain as a reference text until more practice and broader consensus develop."}],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":9046.13,"end":9046.45},{"text":"Chair,","start":9046.45,"end":9046.77},{"text":"it","start":9046.77,"end":9046.93},{"text":"is","start":9046.93,"end":9047.01},{"text":"now","start":9047.01,"end":9047.13},{"text":"15","start":9047.13,"end":9047.49},{"text":"years","start":9047.49,"end":9047.89},{"text":"since","start":9048.21,"end":9048.45},{"text":"the","start":9048.45,"end":9048.53},{"text":"International","start":9048.53,"end":9049.09},{"text":"Law","start":9049.09,"end":9049.17},{"text":"Commission","start":9049.17,"end":9049.57},{"text":"adopted","start":9049.57,"end":9049.97},{"text":"these","start":9049.97,"end":9050.21},{"text":"articles","start":9050.21,"end":9050.69},{"text":"in","start":9050.69,"end":9050.77},{"text":"2011.","start":9050.77,"end":9051.65}]},{"text":"as a companion to its 2001 articles on the responsibility of states for internationally wrongful acts.","start":9052.29,"end":9059.09,"topics":[{"key":"io-responsibility","label":"Responsibility of International Organizations","description":"Delegations examined whether international organizations, as subjects of international law, incur responsibility for internationally wrongful acts and how accountability should operate as their role in global governance 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said, \"International organizations are subjects of international law and, as such, are bound by any obligations incumbent upon them under general rules of international law, under their constitutions, or under international agreements to which they are parties.\"","start":9088.01,"end":9103.77,"topics":[{"key":"io-responsibility","label":"Responsibility of International Organizations","description":"Delegations examined whether international organizations, as subjects of international law, incur responsibility for internationally wrongful acts and how accountability should operate as their role in global governance 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3 of the Articles draws the necessary conclusion.","start":9104.33,"end":9107.93,"topics":[{"key":"io-responsibility","label":"Responsibility of International Organizations","description":"Delegations examined whether international organizations, as subjects of international law, incur responsibility for internationally wrongful acts and how accountability should operate as their role in global governance expands."}],"words":[{"text":"Article","start":9104.33,"end":9104.73},{"text":"3","start":9104.73,"end":9104.97},{"text":"of","start":9104.97,"end":9105.05},{"text":"the","start":9105.05,"end":9105.21},{"text":"Articles","start":9105.21,"end":9105.85},{"text":"draws","start":9106.33,"end":9106.65},{"text":"the","start":9106.65,"end":9106.77},{"text":"necessary","start":9106.77,"end":9107.29},{"text":"conclusion.","start":9107.29,"end":9107.93}]},{"text":"every internationally wrongful act of an international organization entails the international responsibility of that organization.","start":9108.45,"end":9115.81,"topics":[{"key":"io-responsibility","label":"Responsibility of International Organizations","description":"Delegations examined whether international organizations, as subjects of international law, incur responsibility for internationally wrongful acts and how accountability should operate as their role in global governance expands."}],"words":[{"text":"every","start":9108.45,"end":9108.73},{"text":"internationally","start":9108.73,"end":9109.57},{"text":"wrongful","start":9109.57,"end":9109.97},{"text":"act","start":9109.97,"end":9110.45},{"text":"of","start":9110.77,"end":9110.89},{"text":"an","start":9110.89,"end":9110.97},{"text":"international","start":9110.97,"end":9111.53},{"text":"organization","start":9111.53,"end":9112.17},{"text":"entails","start":9112.17,"end":9112.69},{"text":"the","start":9112.69,"end":9112.77},{"text":"international","start":9112.77,"end":9113.33},{"text":"responsibility","start":9113.33,"end":9114.21},{"text":"of","start":9114.61,"end":9114.77},{"text":"that","start":9114.77,"end":9115.01},{"text":"organization.","start":9115.01,"end":9115.81}]},{"text":"And Article 31 adds that the responsible organization is under an obligation to make full reparation for the injury caused.","start":9116.17,"end":9125.09,"topics":[{"key":"io-responsibility","label":"Responsibility of International Organizations","description":"Delegations examined whether international organizations, as subjects of international law, incur responsibility for internationally wrongful acts and how accountability should operate as their role in global governance expands."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":9116.17,"end":9116.29},{"text":"Article","start":9116.29,"end":9116.61},{"text":"31","start":9116.61,"end":9117.09},{"text":"adds","start":9117.09,"end":9117.49},{"text":"that","start":9117.49,"end":9117.73},{"text":"the","start":9118.13,"end":9118.25},{"text":"responsible","start":9118.25,"end":9118.93},{"text":"organization","start":9118.93,"end":9120.21},{"text":"is","start":9120.53,"end":9120.73},{"text":"under","start":9120.73,"end":9121.05},{"text":"an","start":9121.05,"end":9121.13},{"text":"obligation","start":9121.13,"end":9121.81},{"text":"to","start":9122.13,"end":9122.25},{"text":"make","start":9122.25,"end":9122.53},{"text":"full","start":9122.53,"end":9122.77},{"text":"reparation","start":9122.77,"end":9123.49},{"text":"for","start":9123.81,"end":9123.97},{"text":"the","start":9123.97,"end":9124.09},{"text":"injury","start":9124.09,"end":9124.53},{"text":"caused.","start":9124.53,"end":9125.09}]},{"text":"Madam Chair, these principles matter more today than when the articles were adopted.","start":9125.33,"end":9131.89,"topics":[{"key":"io-responsibility","label":"Responsibility of International Organizations","description":"Delegations examined whether international organizations, as subjects of international law, incur responsibility for internationally wrongful acts and how accountability should operate as their role in global governance 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international organizations, as subjects of international law, incur responsibility for internationally wrongful acts and how accountability should operate as their role in global governance expands."}],"words":[{"text":"International","start":9132.37,"end":9133.01},{"text":"organizations","start":9133.01,"end":9133.81},{"text":"now","start":9133.81,"end":9133.97},{"text":"administer","start":9133.97,"end":9134.61},{"text":"territory","start":9134.61,"end":9135.17},{"text":"run","start":9135.65,"end":9135.97},{"text":"refugee","start":9135.97,"end":9136.45},{"text":"camps,","start":9136.45,"end":9136.85},{"text":"deploy","start":9137.17,"end":9137.57},{"text":"tens","start":9137.57,"end":9137.89},{"text":"of","start":9137.89,"end":9137.97},{"text":"thousands","start":9137.97,"end":9139.17},{"text":"of","start":9139.17,"end":9139.25},{"text":"peacekeepers,","start":9139.33,"end":9140.13},{"text":"regulate","start":9140.53,"end":9141.13},{"text":"global","start":9141.13,"end":9141.49},{"text":"finance,","start":9141.49,"end":9142.05},{"text":"and","start":9142.29,"end":9142.49},{"text":"shape","start":9142.49,"end":9142.73},{"text":"the","start":9142.73,"end":9142.85},{"text":"lives","start":9142.85,"end":9143.17},{"text":"of","start":9143.17,"end":9143.25},{"text":"millions.","start":9143.25,"end":9143.81}]},{"text":"Where power is exercised, responsibility must follow.","start":9145.13,"end":9148.53,"topics":[{"key":"io-responsibility","label":"Responsibility of International Organizations","description":"Delegations examined whether international organizations, as subjects of international law, incur responsibility for internationally wrongful acts and how accountability should operate as their role in global governance expands."}],"words":[{"text":"Where","start":9145.13,"end":9145.41},{"text":"power","start":9145.41,"end":9145.73},{"text":"is","start":9145.73,"end":9145.89},{"text":"exercised,","start":9145.89,"end":9146.65},{"text":"responsibility","start":9146.93,"end":9147.77},{"text":"must","start":9147.77,"end":9148.05},{"text":"follow.","start":9148.05,"end":9148.53}]},{"text":"An organization that can act but cannot be held to account is a contradiction that undermines the legitimacy of multilateralism itself.","start":9149.33,"end":9160.85,"topics":[{"key":"io-responsibility","label":"Responsibility of International Organizations","description":"Delegations examined whether international organizations, as subjects of international law, incur responsibility for internationally wrongful acts and how accountability should operate as their role in global governance expands."}],"words":[{"text":"An","start":9149.33,"end":9149.65},{"text":"organization","start":9149.97,"end":9150.85},{"text":"that","start":9150.85,"end":9151.09},{"text":"can","start":9151.09,"end":9151.25},{"text":"act","start":9151.25,"end":9151.81},{"text":"but","start":9152.13,"end":9152.37},{"text":"cannot","start":9152.37,"end":9152.69},{"text":"be","start":9152.69,"end":9152.85},{"text":"held","start":9152.85,"end":9153.57},{"text":"to","start":9154.45,"end":9154.69},{"text":"account","start":9154.69,"end":9155.25},{"text":"is","start":9155.57,"end":9155.77},{"text":"a","start":9155.77,"end":9155.81},{"text":"contradiction","start":9155.81,"end":9156.69},{"text":"that","start":9156.93,"end":9157.21},{"text":"undermines","start":9157.21,"end":9157.77},{"text":"the","start":9157.77,"end":9157.85},{"text":"legitimacy","start":9157.85,"end":9158.69},{"text":"of","start":9159.09,"end":9159.29},{"text":"multilateralism","start":9159.29,"end":9160.25},{"text":"itself.","start":9160.25,"end":9160.85}]},{"text":"For Bangladesh, it is not just a debate.","start":9161.33,"end":9163.73,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"For","start":9161.33,"end":9161.57},{"text":"Bangladesh,","start":9161.57,"end":9162.29},{"text":"it","start":9162.53,"end":9162.65},{"text":"is","start":9162.65,"end":9162.77},{"text":"not","start":9162.77,"end":9162.97},{"text":"just","start":9162.97,"end":9163.29},{"text":"a","start":9163.29,"end":9163.33},{"text":"debate.","start":9163.33,"end":9163.73}]},{"text":"As one of the largest contributors to uniform personnel to the United Nations peace operations, Bangladesh has direct interest in Article 7, which concerns the conduct of organs of a state placed at the disposal of an international organization.","start":9164.29,"end":9178.13,"topics":[{"key":"attribution-allocation","label":"Attribution and Allocation of Responsibility","description":"Speakers discussed how conduct should be attributed to international organizations and how responsibility should be allocated between organizations and member states, especially in cases involving delegated authority, effective control, sanctions, or joint action."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":9164.29,"end":9164.53},{"text":"one","start":9164.53,"end":9164.69},{"text":"of","start":9164.69,"end":9164.77},{"text":"the","start":9164.77,"end":9164.85},{"text":"largest","start":9164.85,"end":9165.29},{"text":"contributors","start":9165.29,"end":9165.89},{"text":"to","start":9165.89,"end":9166.01},{"text":"uniform","start":9166.01,"end":9166.45},{"text":"personnel","start":9166.45,"end":9166.93},{"text":"to","start":9166.93,"end":9167.01},{"text":"the","start":9167.01,"end":9167.13},{"text":"United","start":9167.13,"end":9167.53},{"text":"Nations","start":9167.53,"end":9167.81},{"text":"peace","start":9167.81,"end":9168.13},{"text":"operations,","start":9168.53,"end":9169.33},{"text":"Bangladesh","start":9169.65,"end":9170.17},{"text":"has","start":9170.17,"end":9170.37},{"text":"direct","start":9170.37,"end":9170.69},{"text":"interest","start":9170.69,"end":9171.17},{"text":"in","start":9171.17,"end":9171.25},{"text":"Article","start":9171.25,"end":9171.65},{"text":"7,","start":9171.65,"end":9172.13},{"text":"which","start":9172.57,"end":9172.77},{"text":"concerns","start":9172.77,"end":9173.33},{"text":"the","start":9173.33,"end":9173.45},{"text":"conduct","start":9173.45,"end":9173.93},{"text":"of","start":9173.93,"end":9174.05},{"text":"organs","start":9174.05,"end":9174.49},{"text":"of","start":9174.49,"end":9174.61},{"text":"a","start":9174.61,"end":9174.69},{"text":"state","start":9174.69,"end":9175.09},{"text":"placed","start":9175.45,"end":9175.89},{"text":"at","start":9175.89,"end":9175.97},{"text":"the","start":9175.97,"end":9176.09},{"text":"disposal","start":9176.09,"end":9176.69},{"text":"of","start":9176.69,"end":9176.81},{"text":"an","start":9176.81,"end":9176.89},{"text":"international","start":9176.89,"end":9177.45},{"text":"organization.","start":9177.45,"end":9178.13}]},{"text":"Under that article, such conduct is attributed to the organization if the organization exercises effective control over that conduct.","start":9178.69,"end":9186.85,"topics":[{"key":"attribution-allocation","label":"Attribution and Allocation of Responsibility","description":"Speakers discussed how conduct should be attributed to international organizations and how responsibility should be allocated between organizations and member states, especially in cases involving delegated authority, effective control, sanctions, or joint action."}],"words":[{"text":"Under","start":9178.69,"end":9178.93},{"text":"that","start":9178.93,"end":9179.17},{"text":"article,","start":9179.17,"end":9179.65},{"text":"such","start":9179.97,"end":9180.37},{"text":"conduct","start":9180.37,"end":9180.77},{"text":"is","start":9180.77,"end":9180.93},{"text":"attributed","start":9180.93,"end":9181.53},{"text":"to","start":9181.53,"end":9181.69},{"text":"the","start":9181.69,"end":9181.77},{"text":"organization","start":9181.77,"end":9182.61},{"text":"if","start":9183.01,"end":9183.17},{"text":"the","start":9183.17,"end":9183.29},{"text":"organization","start":9183.29,"end":9183.97},{"text":"exercises","start":9183.97,"end":9184.69},{"text":"effective","start":9184.69,"end":9185.25},{"text":"control","start":9185.25,"end":9185.73},{"text":"over","start":9185.73,"end":9186.05},{"text":"that","start":9186.05,"end":9186.21},{"text":"conduct.","start":9186.21,"end":9186.85}]},{"text":"Effective control is the right test, it reflects reality on the ground and the practice of the United Nations itself.","start":9187.81,"end":9194.69,"topics":[{"key":"attribution-allocation","label":"Attribution and Allocation of Responsibility","description":"Speakers discussed how conduct should be attributed to international organizations and how responsibility should be allocated between organizations and member states, especially in cases involving delegated authority, effective control, sanctions, or joint action."}],"words":[{"text":"Effective","start":9187.81,"end":9188.29},{"text":"control","start":9188.29,"end":9188.77},{"text":"is","start":9188.77,"end":9189.01},{"text":"the","start":9189.01,"end":9189.09},{"text":"right","start":9189.09,"end":9189.45},{"text":"test,","start":9189.45,"end":9189.89},{"text":"it","start":9190.29,"end":9190.45},{"text":"reflects","start":9190.45,"end":9191.01},{"text":"reality","start":9191.01,"end":9191.53},{"text":"on","start":9191.53,"end":9191.65},{"text":"the","start":9191.65,"end":9191.77},{"text":"ground","start":9191.77,"end":9192.21},{"text":"and","start":9192.65,"end":9192.77},{"text":"the","start":9192.77,"end":9192.85},{"text":"practice","start":9192.85,"end":9193.33},{"text":"of","start":9193.33,"end":9193.41},{"text":"the","start":9193.41,"end":9193.53},{"text":"United","start":9193.53,"end":9193.89},{"text":"Nations","start":9193.89,"end":9194.21},{"text":"itself.","start":9194.21,"end":9194.69}]},{"text":"When our peacekeepers serve under United Nations command and control, they serve the organization and the organization answers for their operational conduct.","start":9195.21,"end":9203.73,"topics":[{"key":"attribution-allocation","label":"Attribution and Allocation of Responsibility","description":"Speakers discussed how conduct should be attributed to international organizations and how responsibility should be allocated between organizations and member states, especially in cases involving delegated authority, effective control, sanctions, or joint action."},{"key":"io-responsibility","label":"Responsibility of International Organizations","description":"Delegations examined whether international organizations, as subjects of international law, incur responsibility for internationally wrongful acts and how accountability should operate as their role in global governance 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the same time, troop contributing countries retain disciplinary and criminal jurisdiction over their personnel.","start":9204.09,"end":9210.29,"topics":[{"key":"attribution-allocation","label":"Attribution and Allocation of Responsibility","description":"Speakers discussed how conduct should be attributed to international organizations and how responsibility should be allocated between organizations and member states, especially in cases involving delegated authority, effective control, sanctions, or joint action."}],"words":[{"text":"At","start":9204.09,"end":9204.17},{"text":"the","start":9204.17,"end":9204.29},{"text":"same","start":9204.29,"end":9204.61},{"text":"time,","start":9204.61,"end":9204.93},{"text":"troop","start":9205.33,"end":9205.61},{"text":"contributing","start":9205.61,"end":9206.21},{"text":"countries","start":9206.21,"end":9206.77},{"text":"retain","start":9207.09,"end":9207.49},{"text":"disciplinary","start":9207.49,"end":9208.21},{"text":"and","start":9208.21,"end":9208.37},{"text":"criminal","start":9208.37,"end":9208.77},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":9208.77,"end":9209.41},{"text":"over","start":9209.41,"end":9209.61},{"text":"their","start":9209.61,"end":9209.77},{"text":"personnel.","start":9209.77,"end":9210.29}]},{"text":"And Bangladesh exercises that jurisdiction seriously, including on sexual exploitation and abuse, where our commitment to zero tolerance is unwavering.","start":9210.73,"end":9220.93,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":9210.73,"end":9210.85},{"text":"Bangladesh","start":9210.85,"end":9211.37},{"text":"exercises","start":9211.37,"end":9212.01},{"text":"that","start":9212.01,"end":9212.17},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":9212.17,"end":9212.77},{"text":"seriously,","start":9212.77,"end":9213.41},{"text":"including","start":9213.89,"end":9214.45},{"text":"on","start":9214.45,"end":9214.53},{"text":"sexual","start":9214.53,"end":9215.09},{"text":"exploitation","start":9215.13,"end":9215.81},{"text":"and","start":9215.81,"end":9215.93},{"text":"abuse,","start":9215.93,"end":9216.45},{"text":"where","start":9217.21,"end":9217.65},{"text":"our","start":9217.65,"end":9217.89},{"text":"commitment","start":9217.89,"end":9218.49},{"text":"to","start":9218.49,"end":9218.57},{"text":"zero","start":9218.61,"end":9218.93},{"text":"tolerance","start":9218.93,"end":9219.49},{"text":"is","start":9219.89,"end":9220.29},{"text":"unwavering.","start":9220.29,"end":9220.93}]},{"text":"The articles help to clarify this shared allocation of responsibility, and that clarity protects victims, the organization, and contributing states alike.","start":9221.57,"end":9231.57,"topics":[{"key":"attribution-allocation","label":"Attribution and Allocation of Responsibility","description":"Speakers discussed how conduct should be attributed to international organizations and how responsibility should be allocated between organizations and member states, especially in cases involving delegated authority, effective control, sanctions, or joint action."},{"key":"io-responsibility","label":"Responsibility of International Organizations","description":"Delegations examined whether international organizations, as subjects of international law, incur responsibility for internationally wrongful acts and how accountability should operate as their role in global governance expands."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":9221.57,"end":9221.77},{"text":"articles","start":9221.77,"end":9222.29},{"text":"help","start":9222.29,"end":9222.61},{"text":"to","start":9222.61,"end":9222.73},{"text":"clarify","start":9222.73,"end":9223.25},{"text":"this","start":9223.25,"end":9223.57},{"text":"shared","start":9223.57,"end":9223.97},{"text":"allocation","start":9223.97,"end":9224.53},{"text":"of","start":9224.53,"end":9224.69},{"text":"responsibility,","start":9225.01,"end":9225.97},{"text":"and","start":9226.37,"end":9226.61},{"text":"that","start":9226.61,"end":9226.89},{"text":"clarity","start":9226.89,"end":9227.29},{"text":"protects","start":9227.29,"end":9227.73},{"text":"victims,","start":9227.73,"end":9228.37},{"text":"the","start":9228.53,"end":9228.73},{"text":"organization,","start":9228.73,"end":9229.49},{"text":"and","start":9229.81,"end":9230.05},{"text":"contributing","start":9230.05,"end":9230.69},{"text":"states","start":9230.69,"end":9231.09},{"text":"alike.","start":9231.09,"end":9231.57}]},{"text":"Bangladesh also notes the importance of part five of the responsibility of states in connection with the conduct of an international organization.","start":9232.13,"end":9240.53,"topics":[{"key":"io-responsibility","label":"Responsibility of International Organizations","description":"Delegations examined whether international organizations, as subjects of international law, incur responsibility for internationally wrongful acts and how accountability should operate as their role in global governance expands."},{"key":"attribution-allocation","label":"Attribution and Allocation of Responsibility","description":"Speakers discussed how conduct should be attributed to international organizations and how responsibility should be allocated between organizations and member states, especially in cases involving delegated authority, effective control, sanctions, or joint action."}],"words":[{"text":"Bangladesh","start":9232.13,"end":9232.69},{"text":"also","start":9232.69,"end":9233.01},{"text":"notes","start":9233.01,"end":9233.49},{"text":"the","start":9233.73,"end":9233.85},{"text":"importance","start":9233.85,"end":9234.45},{"text":"of","start":9234.45,"end":9234.53},{"text":"part","start":9234.53,"end":9234.85},{"text":"five","start":9234.85,"end":9235.41},{"text":"of","start":9235.65,"end":9235.81},{"text":"the","start":9235.81,"end":9235.89},{"text":"responsibility","start":9235.89,"end":9236.65},{"text":"of","start":9236.65,"end":9236.77},{"text":"states","start":9236.77,"end":9237.09},{"text":"in","start":9237.09,"end":9237.25},{"text":"connection","start":9237.25,"end":9237.73},{"text":"with","start":9237.73,"end":9237.93},{"text":"the","start":9237.93,"end":9238.01},{"text":"conduct","start":9238.05,"end":9238.57},{"text":"of","start":9238.57,"end":9238.69},{"text":"an","start":9238.69,"end":9238.77},{"text":"international","start":9238.77,"end":9239.49},{"text":"organization.","start":9239.77,"end":9240.53}]},{"text":"States must not use international organizations as a shield to do collectively what they could not lawfully do individually.","start":9241.01,"end":9249.09,"topics":[{"key":"attribution-allocation","label":"Attribution and Allocation of Responsibility","description":"Speakers discussed how conduct should be attributed to international organizations and how responsibility should be allocated between organizations and member states, especially in cases involving delegated authority, effective control, sanctions, or joint action."}],"words":[{"text":"States","start":9241.01,"end":9241.49},{"text":"must","start":9241.49,"end":9241.81},{"text":"not","start":9241.81,"end":9242.13},{"text":"use","start":9242.13,"end":9242.49},{"text":"international","start":9242.49,"end":9243.05},{"text":"organizations","start":9243.05,"end":9243.89},{"text":"as","start":9244.21,"end":9244.45},{"text":"a","start":9244.45,"end":9244.49},{"text":"shield","start":9244.49,"end":9245.01},{"text":"to","start":9245.41,"end":9245.61},{"text":"do","start":9245.61,"end":9245.89},{"text":"collectively","start":9245.89,"end":9246.69},{"text":"what","start":9246.77,"end":9247.01},{"text":"they","start":9247.01,"end":9247.17},{"text":"could","start":9247.17,"end":9247.41},{"text":"not","start":9247.41,"end":9247.65},{"text":"lawfully","start":9247.65,"end":9248.13},{"text":"do","start":9248.13,"end":9248.29},{"text":"individually.","start":9248.29,"end":9249.09}]},{"text":"Article 61 on circumvention of international obligations addresses exactly that concern.","start":9249.57,"end":9255.73,"topics":[{"key":"attribution-allocation","label":"Attribution and Allocation of Responsibility","description":"Speakers discussed how conduct should be attributed to international organizations and how responsibility should be allocated between organizations and member states, especially in cases involving delegated authority, effective control, sanctions, or joint action."}],"words":[{"text":"Article","start":9249.57,"end":9249.97},{"text":"61","start":9249.97,"end":9250.69},{"text":"on","start":9251.05,"end":9251.17},{"text":"circumvention","start":9251.17,"end":9251.97},{"text":"of","start":9251.97,"end":9252.21},{"text":"international","start":9252.21,"end":9252.93},{"text":"obligations","start":9252.93,"end":9253.73},{"text":"addresses","start":9253.97,"end":9254.53},{"text":"exactly","start":9254.53,"end":9255.01},{"text":"that","start":9255.01,"end":9255.21},{"text":"concern.","start":9255.21,"end":9255.73}]},{"text":"Madam Chair, on the question of future action, Bangladesh takes a careful view.","start":9256.21,"end":9262.37,"topics":[{"key":"io-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the RIO Draft Articles","description":"Many delegations debated whether the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations are mature enough for treaty negotiations or should remain as a reference text until more practice and broader consensus develop."}],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":9256.21,"end":9256.61},{"text":"Chair,","start":9256.61,"end":9257.01},{"text":"on","start":9257.33,"end":9257.49},{"text":"the","start":9257.49,"end":9257.81},{"text":"question","start":9257.97,"end":9258.41},{"text":"of","start":9258.41,"end":9258.53},{"text":"future","start":9258.53,"end":9259.89},{"text":"action,","start":9259.89,"end":9260.37},{"text":"Bangladesh","start":9260.77,"end":9261.29},{"text":"takes","start":9261.29,"end":9261.61},{"text":"a","start":9261.61,"end":9261.65},{"text":"careful","start":9261.65,"end":9262.05},{"text":"view.","start":9262.05,"end":9262.37}]},{"text":"We recognize that, unlike the articles on state responsibility, these articles rest on a more limited body of practice.","start":9263.01,"end":9271.09,"topics":[{"key":"io-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the RIO Draft Articles","description":"Many delegations debated whether the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations are mature enough for treaty negotiations or should remain as a reference text until more practice and broader consensus develop."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":9263.01,"end":9263.17},{"text":"recognize","start":9263.17,"end":9263.81},{"text":"that,","start":9263.81,"end":9264.13},{"text":"unlike","start":9264.49,"end":9264.93},{"text":"the","start":9264.93,"end":9265.05},{"text":"articles","start":9265.05,"end":9265.57},{"text":"on","start":9265.57,"end":9265.73},{"text":"state","start":9265.73,"end":9266.05},{"text":"responsibility,","start":9266.05,"end":9267.01},{"text":"these","start":9267.33,"end":9267.65},{"text":"articles","start":9267.65,"end":9268.21},{"text":"rest","start":9268.21,"end":9268.77},{"text":"on","start":9269.01,"end":9269.17},{"text":"a","start":9269.17,"end":9269.21},{"text":"more","start":9269.21,"end":9269.41},{"text":"limited","start":9269.41,"end":9269.89},{"text":"body","start":9269.89,"end":9270.21},{"text":"of","start":9270.21,"end":9270.33},{"text":"practice.","start":9270.33,"end":9271.09}]},{"text":"Several provisions represent progressive development rather than codification.","start":9271.41,"end":9275.57,"topics":[{"key":"io-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the RIO Draft Articles","description":"Many delegations debated whether the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations are mature enough for treaty negotiations or should remain as a reference text until more practice and broader consensus develop."}],"words":[{"text":"Several","start":9271.41,"end":9271.85},{"text":"provisions","start":9271.85,"end":9272.37},{"text":"represent","start":9272.37,"end":9272.89},{"text":"progressive","start":9272.89,"end":9273.33},{"text":"development","start":9273.33,"end":9273.89},{"text":"rather","start":9274.29,"end":9274.61},{"text":"than","start":9274.61,"end":9274.77},{"text":"codification.","start":9274.77,"end":9275.57}]},{"text":"and international organizations vary greatly in their functions, membership, and rules.","start":9275.97,"end":9281.97,"topics":[{"key":"io-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the RIO Draft Articles","description":"Many delegations debated whether the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations are mature enough for treaty negotiations or should remain as a reference text until more practice and broader consensus develop."}],"words":[{"text":"and","start":9275.97,"end":9276.09},{"text":"international","start":9276.09,"end":9276.73},{"text":"organizations","start":9276.73,"end":9277.65},{"text":"vary","start":9277.97,"end":9278.45},{"text":"greatly","start":9278.45,"end":9279.01},{"text":"in","start":9279.25,"end":9279.49},{"text":"their","start":9279.49,"end":9279.73},{"text":"functions,","start":9279.73,"end":9280.37},{"text":"membership,","start":9280.61,"end":9281.17},{"text":"and","start":9281.25,"end":9281.53},{"text":"rules.","start":9281.53,"end":9281.97}]},{"text":"The lex specialis principle in the Article 64 rightly acknowledges this diversity.","start":9282.93,"end":9290.53,"topics":[{"key":"io-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the RIO Draft Articles","description":"Many delegations debated whether the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations are mature enough for treaty negotiations or should remain as a reference text until more practice and broader consensus develop."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":9282.93,"end":9283.05},{"text":"lex","start":9283.05,"end":9283.57},{"text":"specialis","start":9284.05,"end":9285.01},{"text":"principle","start":9285.17,"end":9285.81},{"text":"in","start":9285.81,"end":9285.97},{"text":"the","start":9285.97,"end":9286.17},{"text":"Article","start":9286.17,"end":9286.53},{"text":"64","start":9286.53,"end":9287.33},{"text":"rightly","start":9287.65,"end":9289.01},{"text":"acknowledges","start":9289.01,"end":9289.65},{"text":"this","start":9289.65,"end":9289.89},{"text":"diversity.","start":9289.89,"end":9290.53}]},{"text":"At the same time, the Secretary General's compilation shows that courts and tribunals are increasingly referring to the articles.","start":9291.01,"end":9299.01,"topics":[{"key":"io-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the RIO Draft Articles","description":"Many delegations debated whether the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations are mature enough for treaty negotiations or should remain as a reference text until more practice and broader consensus develop."}],"words":[{"text":"At","start":9291.01,"end":9291.09},{"text":"the","start":9291.09,"end":9291.21},{"text":"same","start":9291.21,"end":9291.49},{"text":"time,","start":9291.49,"end":9291.81},{"text":"the","start":9292.21,"end":9292.37},{"text":"Secretary","start":9292.37,"end":9292.85},{"text":"General's","start":9292.85,"end":9293.29},{"text":"compilation","start":9293.29,"end":9293.89},{"text":"shows","start":9293.89,"end":9294.37},{"text":"that","start":9294.37,"end":9294.77},{"text":"courts","start":9295.25,"end":9295.61},{"text":"and","start":9295.61,"end":9295.73},{"text":"tribunals","start":9295.73,"end":9296.37},{"text":"are","start":9296.37,"end":9296.45},{"text":"increasingly","start":9296.45,"end":9297.09},{"text":"referring","start":9297.09,"end":9297.57},{"text":"to","start":9297.57,"end":9298.13},{"text":"the","start":9298.13,"end":9298.25},{"text":"articles.","start":9298.25,"end":9299.01}]},{"text":"That trend shows they are already shaping the law, whatever their formal status.","start":9299.41,"end":9305.25,"topics":[{"key":"io-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the RIO Draft Articles","description":"Many delegations debated whether the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations are mature enough for treaty negotiations or should remain as a reference text until more practice and broader consensus develop."}],"words":[{"text":"That","start":9299.41,"end":9299.77},{"text":"trend","start":9299.77,"end":9300.05},{"text":"shows","start":9300.05,"end":9300.61},{"text":"they","start":9300.85,"end":9301.09},{"text":"are","start":9301.09,"end":9301.33},{"text":"already","start":9301.57,"end":9302.21},{"text":"shaping","start":9302.21,"end":9302.69},{"text":"the","start":9302.69,"end":9302.77},{"text":"law,","start":9302.77,"end":9303.17},{"text":"whatever","start":9303.57,"end":9304.05},{"text":"their","start":9304.05,"end":9304.29},{"text":"formal","start":9304.29,"end":9304.61},{"text":"status.","start":9304.61,"end":9305.25}]},{"text":"Bangladesh therefore considers that the articles should continue to be commended to the attention of States and international organizations and that the question of a convention should be kept under review as the practice develops.","start":9306.53,"end":9321.09,"topics":[{"key":"io-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the RIO Draft Articles","description":"Many delegations debated whether the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations are mature enough for treaty negotiations or should remain as a reference text until more practice and broader consensus develop."}],"words":[{"text":"Bangladesh","start":9306.53,"end":9307.01},{"text":"therefore","start":9307.01,"end":9307.41},{"text":"considers","start":9307.41,"end":9307.97},{"text":"that","start":9307.97,"end":9308.29},{"text":"the","start":9308.69,"end":9308.85},{"text":"articles","start":9308.85,"end":9309.33},{"text":"should","start":9309.33,"end":9309.61},{"text":"continue","start":9309.61,"end":9310.13},{"text":"to","start":9310.13,"end":9310.25},{"text":"be","start":9310.25,"end":9310.37},{"text":"commended","start":9310.37,"end":9311.01},{"text":"to","start":9311.41,"end":9311.57},{"text":"the","start":9311.57,"end":9311.77},{"text":"attention","start":9311.77,"end":9312.37},{"text":"of","start":9312.45,"end":9312.61},{"text":"States","start":9312.61,"end":9313.17},{"text":"and","start":9313.17,"end":9313.29},{"text":"international","start":9313.29,"end":9313.85},{"text":"organizations","start":9313.85,"end":9314.77},{"text":"and","start":9315.17,"end":9315.37},{"text":"that","start":9315.37,"end":9315.57},{"text":"the","start":9315.57,"end":9315.69},{"text":"question","start":9315.69,"end":9316.09},{"text":"of","start":9316.09,"end":9316.17},{"text":"a","start":9316.17,"end":9316.21},{"text":"convention","start":9316.21,"end":9316.93},{"text":"should","start":9317.17,"end":9317.41},{"text":"be","start":9317.41,"end":9317.57},{"text":"kept","start":9317.57,"end":9317.85},{"text":"under","start":9317.85,"end":9318.17},{"text":"review","start":9318.17,"end":9318.61},{"text":"as","start":9318.61,"end":9318.85},{"text":"the","start":9318.85,"end":9318.93},{"text":"practice","start":9318.93,"end":9319.81},{"text":"develops.","start":9319.81,"end":9321.09}]},{"text":"We remain open to considering the matter further, including through a working group, and we stress that the articles on the responsibility of international organizations and those on State responsibility should be considered in a coherent manner.","start":9321.73,"end":9337.49,"topics":[{"key":"io-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the RIO Draft Articles","description":"Many delegations debated whether the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations are mature enough for treaty negotiations or should remain as a reference text until more practice and broader consensus develop."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":9321.73,"end":9321.81},{"text":"remain","start":9321.81,"end":9322.21},{"text":"open","start":9322.21,"end":9322.61},{"text":"to","start":9322.61,"end":9322.73},{"text":"considering","start":9322.73,"end":9323.25},{"text":"the","start":9323.25,"end":9323.33},{"text":"matter","start":9323.33,"end":9323.65},{"text":"further,","start":9323.65,"end":9324.13},{"text":"including","start":9324.45,"end":9325.09},{"text":"through","start":9325.25,"end":9325.57},{"text":"a","start":9325.57,"end":9325.61},{"text":"working","start":9325.61,"end":9326.09},{"text":"group,","start":9326.09,"end":9326.37},{"text":"and","start":9326.85,"end":9327.33},{"text":"we","start":9327.33,"end":9327.49},{"text":"stress","start":9327.49,"end":9327.89},{"text":"that","start":9327.89,"end":9328.29},{"text":"the","start":9328.61,"end":9328.81},{"text":"articles","start":9328.81,"end":9329.29},{"text":"on","start":9329.29,"end":9329.37},{"text":"the","start":9329.37,"end":9329.49},{"text":"responsibility","start":9329.49,"end":9330.21},{"text":"of","start":9330.21,"end":9330.29},{"text":"international","start":9330.29,"end":9330.97},{"text":"organizations","start":9330.97,"end":9331.81},{"text":"and","start":9332.13,"end":9332.33},{"text":"those","start":9332.33,"end":9332.73},{"text":"on","start":9332.73,"end":9332.93},{"text":"State","start":9332.93,"end":9333.25},{"text":"responsibility","start":9333.25,"end":9334.21},{"text":"should","start":9334.53,"end":9334.85},{"text":"be","start":9334.85,"end":9335.01},{"text":"considered","start":9335.01,"end":9335.65},{"text":"in","start":9335.89,"end":9336.41},{"text":"a","start":9336.41,"end":9336.45},{"text":"coherent","start":9336.45,"end":9337.01},{"text":"manner.","start":9337.01,"end":9337.49}]},{"text":"Madam Chair, the deeper principle at stake is simple.","start":9337.89,"end":9343.89,"topics":[{"key":"rule-of-law","label":"Rule of Law","description":"Speakers stressed the importance of strengthening the rule of law at both the national and international levels as a basis for rights protection, accountability, peaceful dispute settlement, and stable multilateral relations."}],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":9337.89,"end":9338.21},{"text":"Chair,","start":9338.21,"end":9338.61},{"text":"the","start":9339.01,"end":9339.17},{"text":"deeper","start":9339.17,"end":9339.81},{"text":"principle","start":9339.81,"end":9342.77},{"text":"at","start":9342.77,"end":9343.01},{"text":"stake","start":9343.01,"end":9343.29},{"text":"is","start":9343.29,"end":9343.37},{"text":"simple.","start":9343.37,"end":9343.89}]},{"text":"The rule of law cannot apply to states alone while the organizations they create stand outside it.","start":9344.29,"end":9350.29,"topics":[{"key":"rule-of-law","label":"Rule of Law","description":"Speakers stressed the importance of strengthening the rule of law at both the national and international levels as a basis for rights protection, accountability, peaceful dispute settlement, and stable multilateral relations."},{"key":"io-responsibility","label":"Responsibility of International Organizations","description":"Delegations examined whether international organizations, as subjects of international law, incur responsibility for internationally wrongful acts and how accountability should operate as their role in global governance expands."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":9344.29,"end":9344.45},{"text":"rule","start":9344.45,"end":9344.65},{"text":"of","start":9344.65,"end":9344.77},{"text":"law","start":9344.77,"end":9345.01},{"text":"cannot","start":9345.01,"end":9345.41},{"text":"apply","start":9345.41,"end":9345.73},{"text":"to","start":9345.73,"end":9345.85},{"text":"states","start":9345.85,"end":9346.37},{"text":"alone","start":9346.37,"end":9346.77},{"text":"while","start":9347.13,"end":9347.65},{"text":"the","start":9347.65,"end":9347.77},{"text":"organizations","start":9347.77,"end":9348.69},{"text":"they","start":9348.69,"end":9348.77},{"text":"create","start":9348.77,"end":9349.25},{"text":"stand","start":9349.25,"end":9349.61},{"text":"outside","start":9349.61,"end":9350.05},{"text":"it.","start":9350.05,"end":9350.29}]},{"text":"Accountability is not a threat to international organizations.","start":9350.93,"end":9354.21,"topics":[{"key":"io-responsibility","label":"Responsibility of International 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future development of the draft articles should take new account of these institutional differences and the rules of the organizations concerned.","start":9562.37,"end":9572.37,"topics":[{"key":"io-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the RIO Draft Articles","description":"Many delegations debated whether the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations are mature enough for treaty negotiations or should remain as a reference text until more practice and broader consensus develop."},{"key":"io-responsibility","label":"Responsibility of International Organizations","description":"Delegations examined whether international organizations, as subjects of international law, incur responsibility for internationally wrongful acts and how accountability should operate as their role in global governance 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this connection, further consideration should be given to the potential implications of the Convention for organizations with different mandates, structures and memberships arrangements, as well as its relationship with the constituent instruments and other applicable rules of international law.","start":9675.01,"end":9697.41,"topics":[{"key":"io-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the RIO Draft Articles","description":"Many delegations debated whether the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations are mature enough for treaty negotiations or should remain as a reference text until more practice and broader consensus develop."},{"key":"io-responsibility","label":"Responsibility of International Organizations","description":"Delegations examined whether international organizations, as subjects of international law, incur responsibility for internationally wrongful acts and how accountability should operate as their role in global governance 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Chair, Vietnam supports the continued consideration of this agenda item within the Sixth Committee in accordance with General Assembly resolution 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encourage all Member States to engage actively and exchange views on the substance of the draft articles and the future action, especially on the possibility of elaborating a convention on the basis of the draft articles.","start":9727.49,"end":9742.93,"topics":[{"key":"io-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the RIO Draft Articles","description":"Many delegations debated whether the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations are mature enough for treaty negotiations or should remain as a reference text until more practice and broader consensus 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encourage States and international organizations to provide further information on relevant practice, including judicial decisions, institutional arrangements and practical experience concerning the application of the draft articles Vietnam believes that when our sixth committee continues to elaborate on this topic options should remain open the decision to draft a legally binding instrument should be made at a later stage when sufficient grounds and the necessary consensus have been established in that spirit Vietnam stands ready to work constructively with all Member States in advancing a balanced and broadly acceptable approach that contributes to the progressive development of international law.","start":9743.97,"end":9793.73,"topics":[{"key":"io-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the RIO Draft Articles","description":"Many delegations debated whether the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations are mature enough for treaty negotiations or should remain 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thank you, Madam Chair.","start":9794.17,"end":9795.25,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":9794.17,"end":9794.25},{"text":"thank","start":9794.25,"end":9794.57},{"text":"you,","start":9794.57,"end":9794.65},{"text":"Madam","start":9794.65,"end":9794.97},{"text":"Chair.","start":9794.97,"end":9795.25}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"VNM","group":null,"function":null,"affiliation_full":"Viet Nam"}},{"statement_number":69,"start":9795.25,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c6/81/24?lang=en&t=2:43:16","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of Vietnam for his statement, and I give the floor to the distinguished Permanent Representative of Namibia, to be followed by 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Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair","affiliation_full":"6th Committee"}},{"statement_number":70,"start":9807.77,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c6/81/24?lang=en&t=2:43:28","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Madam Chair.","start":9807.77,"end":9809.17,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":9807.77,"end":9808.01},{"text":"you,","start":9808.01,"end":9808.25},{"text":"Madam","start":9808.57,"end":9808.97},{"text":"Chair.","start":9808.97,"end":9809.17}]},{"text":"It is common cause that they cannot be rights without obligations or responsibilities.","start":9810.25,"end":9817.41,"topics":[{"key":"io-responsibility","label":"Responsibility of International Organizations","description":"Delegations examined whether international organizations, as subjects of international law, incur responsibility for internationally wrongful acts and how accountability should operate as their role in global governance 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Chair, to place this statement in context and perspective, the oldest existing international organization is over 200 years 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is on the above background that Namibia welcomes the draft articles under the General Assembly resolution A/RES/66/100 and takes note of the General Assembly report in document A/81/222 entitled responsibility of international organizations, comments and information received from governments and international organizations.","start":9870.65,"end":9901.65,"topics":[{"key":"io-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the RIO Draft Articles","description":"Many delegations debated whether the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations are mature enough for treaty negotiations or should remain as a reference text until more practice and broader consensus 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also commends the work of the International Law Commission, ILC, and encourages the Commission to enhance the draft articles, taking into consideration States' views.","start":9903.17,"end":9914.21,"topics":[{"key":"io-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the RIO Draft Articles","description":"Many delegations debated whether the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations are mature enough for treaty negotiations or should remain as a reference text until more practice and broader consensus 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Chair, Namibia is also of the view that the ILC draws lessons from the initial processes of early international organizations to inform its progressive development of international law.","start":9915.09,"end":9929.69,"topics":[{"key":"io-responsibility","label":"Responsibility of International Organizations","description":"Delegations examined whether international organizations, as subjects of international law, incur responsibility for internationally wrongful acts and how accountability should operate as their role in global governance 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considering that international organizations cannot operate carte blanche in relation to its international partners, such as states.","start":9930.69,"end":9942.29,"topics":[{"key":"attribution-allocation","label":"Attribution and Allocation of Responsibility","description":"Speakers discussed how conduct should be attributed to international organizations and how responsibility should be allocated between organizations and member states, especially in cases involving delegated authority, effective control, sanctions, or joint 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international organizations is indeed ripe and timely.","start":9943.33,"end":9953.69,"topics":[{"key":"io-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the RIO Draft Articles","description":"Many delegations debated whether the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations are mature enough for treaty negotiations or should remain as a reference text until more practice and broader consensus 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affects the less developed and developing countries in Africa, Latin America, and Asia.","start":9954.73,"end":9967.29,"topics":[{"key":"io-responsibility","label":"Responsibility of International Organizations","description":"Delegations examined whether international organizations, as subjects of international law, incur responsibility for internationally wrongful acts and how accountability should operate as their role in global governance 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it should not be a surprise that the call for codification of international law regulating the responsibilities of international organizations is louder from the conventional South.","start":9968.33,"end":9981.45,"topics":[{"key":"io-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the RIO Draft Articles","description":"Many delegations debated whether the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations are mature enough for treaty negotiations or should remain as a reference text until more practice and broader consensus 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conclusion, Madam Chair, we caution that objections towards the codification of the said law should be done in good faith and not in pursuit of unprincipled political gains.","start":9982.25,"end":9996.25,"topics":[{"key":"io-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the RIO Draft Articles","description":"Many delegations debated whether the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations are mature enough for treaty negotiations or should remain as a reference text until more practice and broader consensus 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thank you, Madam Chair.","start":9996.57,"end":9997.45,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":9996.57,"end":9996.65},{"text":"thank","start":9996.65,"end":9996.89},{"text":"you,","start":9996.89,"end":9996.97},{"text":"Madam","start":9996.97,"end":9997.29},{"text":"Chair.","start":9997.33,"end":9997.45}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"NAM","group":null,"function":"Permanent Representative","affiliation_full":"Namibia"}},{"statement_number":71,"start":9998.41,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c6/81/24?lang=en&t=2:46:39","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of Namibia for his statement, and I give the floor to the distinguished representative of 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Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair","affiliation_full":"6th Committee"}},{"statement_number":72,"start":10010.53,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c6/81/24?lang=en&t=2:46:51","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Madam Chair.","start":10010.53,"end":10011.49,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":10010.53,"end":10010.77},{"text":"you,","start":10010.77,"end":10010.85},{"text":"Madam","start":10010.85,"end":10011.17},{"text":"Chair.","start":10011.17,"end":10011.49}]},{"text":"Portugal aligns itself with the statement delivered on behalf of the European Union and its member states and would like to offer a few additional remarks in its national capacity.","start":10012.05,"end":10020.53,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Portugal","start":10012.05,"end":10012.53},{"text":"aligns","start":10012.53,"end":10012.81},{"text":"itself","start":10012.81,"end":10013.25},{"text":"with","start":10013.25,"end":10013.37},{"text":"the","start":10013.37,"end":10013.45},{"text":"statement","start":10013.45,"end":10013.89},{"text":"delivered","start":10013.89,"end":10014.37},{"text":"on","start":10014.37,"end":10014.45},{"text":"behalf","start":10014.45,"end":10014.89},{"text":"of","start":10014.89,"end":10015.01},{"text":"the","start":10015.01,"end":10015.13},{"text":"European","start":10015.13,"end":10015.49},{"text":"Union","start":10015.49,"end":10015.81},{"text":"and","start":10015.81,"end":10015.93},{"text":"its","start":10015.93,"end":10016.13},{"text":"member","start":10016.13,"end":10016.45},{"text":"states","start":10016.45,"end":10016.85},{"text":"and","start":10017.17,"end":10017.33},{"text":"would","start":10017.33,"end":10017.45},{"text":"like","start":10017.45,"end":10017.65},{"text":"to","start":10017.65,"end":10017.81},{"text":"offer","start":10017.81,"end":10018.09},{"text":"a","start":10018.09,"end":10018.13},{"text":"few","start":10018.13,"end":10018.37},{"text":"additional","start":10018.37,"end":10018.77},{"text":"remarks","start":10018.77,"end":10019.17},{"text":"in","start":10019.17,"end":10019.25},{"text":"its","start":10019.25,"end":10019.49},{"text":"national","start":10019.49,"end":10019.81},{"text":"capacity.","start":10019.81,"end":10020.53}]},{"text":"Madam Chair, Portugal would like to start by thanking the Secretary General for his two reports on this agenda item.","start":10021.25,"end":10027.17,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":10021.25,"end":10021.57},{"text":"Chair,","start":10021.57,"end":10021.97},{"text":"Portugal","start":10022.05,"end":10022.49},{"text":"would","start":10022.49,"end":10022.61},{"text":"like","start":10022.61,"end":10022.81},{"text":"to","start":10022.81,"end":10022.89},{"text":"start","start":10022.89,"end":10023.25},{"text":"by","start":10023.25,"end":10023.49},{"text":"thanking","start":10023.49,"end":10023.81},{"text":"the","start":10023.81,"end":10023.93},{"text":"Secretary","start":10023.93,"end":10024.45},{"text":"General","start":10024.45,"end":10024.93},{"text":"for","start":10024.93,"end":10025.09},{"text":"his","start":10025.09,"end":10025.33},{"text":"two","start":10025.33,"end":10025.49},{"text":"reports","start":10025.49,"end":10025.93},{"text":"on","start":10025.93,"end":10026.05},{"text":"this","start":10026.05,"end":10026.29},{"text":"agenda","start":10026.29,"end":10026.69},{"text":"item.","start":10026.69,"end":10027.17}]},{"text":"We particularly note regarding the report A/81/83 that no references to the draft articles were identified in decisions of international courts, tribunals, and other bodies during the period under review.","start":10027.77,"end":10040.97,"topics":[{"key":"io-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the RIO Draft Articles","description":"Many delegations debated whether the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations are mature enough for treaty negotiations or should remain as a reference text until more practice and broader consensus 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this regard, Portugal reiterated suggestions for future reports to include these relevant dissenting opinions of judges.","start":10042.01,"end":10049.05,"topics":[{"key":"io-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the RIO Draft Articles","description":"Many delegations debated whether the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations are mature enough for treaty negotiations or should remain as a reference text until more practice and broader consensus 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Chair, Portugal has always seen the draft articles on responsibility of international organizations as a logical counterpart of the articles on responsibility of states for internationally wrongful acts.","start":10060.53,"end":10072.77,"topics":[{"key":"io-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the RIO Draft Articles","description":"Many delegations debated whether the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations are mature enough for treaty negotiations or should remain as a reference text until more practice and broader consensus 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calling for a diplomatic conference to consider the adoption of a convention based on the 2011 draft articles without further developments on state responsibility is not reasonable.","start":10073.17,"end":10084.93,"topics":[{"key":"io-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the RIO Draft Articles","description":"Many delegations debated whether the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations are mature enough for treaty negotiations or should remain as a reference text until more practice and broader consensus 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its last session of the General Assembly, the Sixth Committee held very concrete discussions with a view to taking a decision on the question of a convention on the topic or other appropriate action on the basis of the draft articles on state 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sessions, we argue that this agenda item should be considered in the session immediately following the next consideration of the agenda item on the responsibility of states for internationally wrongful acts.","start":10108.05,"end":10120.13,"topics":[{"key":"io-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the RIO Draft Articles","description":"Many delegations debated whether the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations are mature enough for treaty negotiations or should remain as a reference text until more practice and broader consensus 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Chair, the member states and the General Assembly have a duty to contribute towards the stability and strength of these two sets of draft articles and to prevent further fragmentation of the law of international responsibility and related jurisprudence.","start":10121.41,"end":10136.13,"topics":[{"key":"io-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the RIO Draft Articles","description":"Many delegations debated whether the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations are mature enough for treaty negotiations or should remain as a reference text until more practice and broader consensus 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significant outputs reflect more than 60 years of the work by the International Law Commission.","start":10136.93,"end":10142.53,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"These","start":10136.93,"end":10137.09},{"text":"significant","start":10137.09,"end":10137.73},{"text":"outputs","start":10137.73,"end":10138.21},{"text":"reflect","start":10138.21,"end":10138.65},{"text":"more","start":10138.65,"end":10138.85},{"text":"than","start":10138.85,"end":10139.01},{"text":"60","start":10139.01,"end":10139.65},{"text":"years","start":10140.05,"end":10140.45},{"text":"of","start":10140.45,"end":10140.65},{"text":"the","start":10140.65,"end":10140.77},{"text":"work","start":10140.77,"end":10141.05},{"text":"by","start":10141.05,"end":10141.17},{"text":"the","start":10141.17,"end":10141.25},{"text":"International","start":10141.25,"end":10141.89},{"text":"Law","start":10141.89,"end":10141.97},{"text":"Commission.","start":10141.97,"end":10142.53}]},{"text":"My delegation hopes that the renewed dynamics of the discussions on the articles of state responsibility will have a positive impact on the topic at hand.","start":10143.57,"end":10151.97,"topics":[{"key":"io-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the RIO Draft Articles","description":"Many delegations debated whether the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations are mature enough for treaty negotiations or should remain as a reference text until more practice and broader consensus 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you, Madam Chair.","start":10152.37,"end":10153.25,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":10152.37,"end":10152.61},{"text":"you,","start":10152.61,"end":10152.69},{"text":"Madam","start":10152.69,"end":10152.93},{"text":"Chair.","start":10152.93,"end":10153.25}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"PRT","group":null,"function":null,"affiliation_full":"Portugal"}},{"statement_number":73,"start":10154.29,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c6/81/24?lang=en&t=2:49:15","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of Portugal for her statement, and I give the floor to the distinguished representative of the United Kingdom, to be followed by Cuba, the last speaker on the 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item.","start":10168.29,"end":10172.69,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":10168.29,"end":10168.45},{"text":"will","start":10168.45,"end":10168.89},{"text":"offer","start":10169.49,"end":10169.97},{"text":"some","start":10169.97,"end":10170.13},{"text":"brief","start":10170.13,"end":10170.37},{"text":"remarks","start":10170.37,"end":10170.77},{"text":"in","start":10170.77,"end":10170.93},{"text":"relation","start":10170.93,"end":10171.33},{"text":"to","start":10171.33,"end":10171.41},{"text":"the","start":10171.41,"end":10171.57},{"text":"agenda","start":10171.81,"end":10172.21},{"text":"item.","start":10172.21,"end":10172.69}]},{"text":"I begin by thanking the Secretary General for his two reports on the topic.","start":10173.25,"end":10177.09,"topics":[{"key":"io-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the RIO Draft Articles","description":"Many delegations debated whether the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations are mature enough for treaty negotiations or should remain as a reference text until more practice and broader consensus develop."}],"words":[{"text":"I","start":10173.25,"end":10173.33},{"text":"begin","start":10173.33,"end":10173.81},{"text":"by","start":10173.81,"end":10174.05},{"text":"thanking","start":10174.05,"end":10174.45},{"text":"the","start":10174.45,"end":10174.53},{"text":"Secretary","start":10174.53,"end":10174.89},{"text":"General","start":10174.89,"end":10175.25},{"text":"for","start":10175.25,"end":10175.41},{"text":"his","start":10175.41,"end":10175.57},{"text":"two","start":10175.57,"end":10175.73},{"text":"reports","start":10175.73,"end":10176.29},{"text":"on","start":10176.37,"end":10176.53},{"text":"the","start":10176.53,"end":10176.61},{"text":"topic.","start":10176.61,"end":10177.09}]},{"text":"Our general approach is that products of the international law commission should be considered on a case-by-case basis, taking into account the topic in question and the extent of relevant practice.","start":10177.65,"end":10187.41,"topics":[{"key":"io-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the RIO Draft Articles","description":"Many delegations debated whether the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations are mature enough for treaty negotiations or should remain as a reference text until more practice and broader consensus develop."}],"words":[{"text":"Our","start":10177.65,"end":10177.81},{"text":"general","start":10177.81,"end":10178.25},{"text":"approach","start":10178.25,"end":10178.77},{"text":"is","start":10178.77,"end":10179.05},{"text":"that","start":10179.05,"end":10179.17},{"text":"products","start":10179.17,"end":10179.57},{"text":"of","start":10179.57,"end":10179.65},{"text":"the","start":10179.65,"end":10179.73},{"text":"international","start":10179.73,"end":10180.29},{"text":"law","start":10180.29,"end":10180.37},{"text":"commission","start":10180.37,"end":10180.85},{"text":"should","start":10180.85,"end":10180.97},{"text":"be","start":10180.97,"end":10181.09},{"text":"considered","start":10181.09,"end":10181.65},{"text":"on","start":10181.65,"end":10181.81},{"text":"a","start":10181.81,"end":10181.85},{"text":"case-by-case","start":10181.85,"end":10182.69},{"text":"basis,","start":10182.69,"end":10183.25},{"text":"taking","start":10183.49,"end":10183.81},{"text":"into","start":10183.81,"end":10184.01},{"text":"account","start":10184.01,"end":10184.29},{"text":"the","start":10184.37,"end":10184.49},{"text":"topic","start":10184.49,"end":10184.85},{"text":"in","start":10184.85,"end":10184.93},{"text":"question","start":10184.93,"end":10185.49},{"text":"and","start":10185.49,"end":10185.77},{"text":"the","start":10185.77,"end":10185.85},{"text":"extent","start":10185.85,"end":10186.33},{"text":"of","start":10186.33,"end":10186.41},{"text":"relevant","start":10186.41,"end":10186.77},{"text":"practice.","start":10186.77,"end":10187.41}]},{"text":"In relation to the agenda item, we have considered the proposal to take further action on the commission's draft articles, including through the negotiation of an international convention.","start":10187.85,"end":10196.97,"topics":[{"key":"io-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the RIO Draft Articles","description":"Many delegations debated whether the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations are mature enough for treaty negotiations or should remain as a reference text until more practice and broader consensus develop."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":10187.85,"end":10188.01},{"text":"relation","start":10188.01,"end":10188.33},{"text":"to","start":10188.33,"end":10188.45},{"text":"the","start":10188.45,"end":10188.53},{"text":"agenda","start":10188.53,"end":10189.05},{"text":"item,","start":10189.05,"end":10189.37},{"text":"we","start":10189.37,"end":10189.53},{"text":"have","start":10189.53,"end":10189.65},{"text":"considered","start":10189.65,"end":10190.09},{"text":"the","start":10190.09,"end":10190.17},{"text":"proposal","start":10190.17,"end":10190.65},{"text":"to","start":10190.65,"end":10190.73},{"text":"take","start":10190.73,"end":10190.97},{"text":"further","start":10190.97,"end":10191.29},{"text":"action","start":10191.29,"end":10191.61},{"text":"on","start":10191.61,"end":10191.77},{"text":"the","start":10191.77,"end":10191.85},{"text":"commission's","start":10191.85,"end":10192.37},{"text":"draft","start":10192.37,"end":10192.65},{"text":"articles,","start":10192.65,"end":10193.13},{"text":"including","start":10193.45,"end":10193.93},{"text":"through","start":10193.93,"end":10194.09},{"text":"the","start":10194.09,"end":10194.17},{"text":"negotiation","start":10194.17,"end":10194.97},{"text":"of","start":10195.05,"end":10195.37},{"text":"an","start":10195.41,"end":10195.61},{"text":"international","start":10195.61,"end":10196.25},{"text":"convention.","start":10196.25,"end":10196.97}]},{"text":"In this case, we consider that relevant state practice remains limited.","start":10197.37,"end":10200.81,"topics":[{"key":"io-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the RIO Draft Articles","description":"Many delegations debated whether the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations are mature enough for treaty negotiations or should remain as a reference text until more practice and broader consensus 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develop."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":10201.21,"end":10201.33},{"text":"therefore","start":10201.33,"end":10201.77},{"text":"do","start":10201.77,"end":10201.93},{"text":"not","start":10201.93,"end":10202.13},{"text":"consider","start":10202.13,"end":10202.73},{"text":"that","start":10202.73,"end":10202.93},{"text":"proceeding","start":10202.93,"end":10203.45},{"text":"to","start":10203.45,"end":10203.53},{"text":"negotiate","start":10203.53,"end":10204.01},{"text":"a","start":10204.01,"end":10204.05},{"text":"convention","start":10204.05,"end":10204.65},{"text":"based","start":10204.65,"end":10204.93},{"text":"on","start":10204.93,"end":10205.01},{"text":"the","start":10205.01,"end":10205.09},{"text":"draft","start":10205.09,"end":10205.45},{"text":"articles","start":10205.45,"end":10205.93},{"text":"would","start":10205.93,"end":10206.09},{"text":"be","start":10206.09,"end":10206.17},{"text":"timely","start":10206.17,"end":10206.61},{"text":"at","start":10206.61,"end":10206.69},{"text":"this","start":10206.69,"end":10206.85},{"text":"stage.","start":10206.85,"end":10207.29}]},{"text":"In our view, the draft articles may continue to provide a useful reference point while allowing practice in this area to develop further.","start":10207.77,"end":10215.85,"topics":[{"key":"io-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the RIO Draft Articles","description":"Many delegations debated whether the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations are mature enough for treaty negotiations or should remain as a reference text until more practice and broader consensus 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Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland"}},{"statement_number":75,"start":10217.37,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c6/81/24?lang=en&t=2:50:18","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of the United Kingdom and I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Cuba.","start":10217.37,"end":10223.17,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":10217.37,"end":10217.45},{"text":"thank","start":10217.49,"end":10217.77},{"text":"the","start":10217.77,"end":10217.85},{"text":"distinguished","start":10217.85,"end":10218.49},{"text":"representative","start":10218.49,"end":10219.21},{"text":"of","start":10219.21,"end":10219.29},{"text":"the","start":10219.29,"end":10219.37},{"text":"United","start":10219.37,"end":10219.89},{"text":"Kingdom","start":10219.89,"end":10220.37},{"text":"and","start":10220.37,"end":10220.53},{"text":"I","start":10220.53,"end":10220.57},{"text":"give","start":10220.57,"end":10220.77},{"text":"the","start":10220.77,"end":10220.89},{"text":"floor","start":10220.89,"end":10221.13},{"text":"to","start":10221.13,"end":10221.29},{"text":"the","start":10221.29,"end":10221.37},{"text":"distinguished","start":10221.37,"end":10221.93},{"text":"representative","start":10221.93,"end":10222.65},{"text":"of","start":10222.69,"end":10222.81},{"text":"Cuba.","start":10222.81,"end":10223.17}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"6th Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair","affiliation_full":"6th Committee"}},{"statement_number":76,"start":10230.85,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c6/81/24?lang=en&t=2:50:31","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Chair.","start":10230.85,"end":10231.53,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":10230.85,"end":10231.17},{"text":"you,","start":10231.17,"end":10231.25},{"text":"Chair.","start":10231.25,"end":10231.53}]},{"text":"Forgive me the honour of being the last speaker today.","start":10232.93,"end":10235.57,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Forgive","start":10232.93,"end":10233.25},{"text":"me","start":10233.25,"end":10233.41},{"text":"the","start":10233.41,"end":10233.61},{"text":"honour","start":10233.61,"end":10234.05},{"text":"of","start":10234.05,"end":10234.13},{"text":"being","start":10234.13,"end":10234.37},{"text":"the","start":10234.37,"end":10234.45},{"text":"last","start":10234.45,"end":10234.69},{"text":"speaker","start":10234.69,"end":10235.17},{"text":"today.","start":10235.17,"end":10235.57}]},{"text":"Cuba wishes to express its gratitude for the consideration of the issue of the responsibility of international organizations within the Sixth Committee.","start":10237.49,"end":10245.25,"topics":[{"key":"io-responsibility","label":"Responsibility of International Organizations","description":"Delegations examined whether international organizations, as subjects of international law, incur responsibility for internationally wrongful acts and how accountability should operate as their role in global governance expands."}],"words":[{"text":"Cuba","start":10237.49,"end":10237.97},{"text":"wishes","start":10238.13,"end":10239.01},{"text":"to","start":10239.17,"end":10239.37},{"text":"express","start":10239.37,"end":10239.69},{"text":"its","start":10239.69,"end":10239.81},{"text":"gratitude","start":10239.81,"end":10240.29},{"text":"for","start":10240.29,"end":10240.41},{"text":"the","start":10240.41,"end":10240.49},{"text":"consideration","start":10240.49,"end":10241.33},{"text":"of","start":10241.33,"end":10241.49},{"text":"the","start":10241.49,"end":10241.61},{"text":"issue","start":10241.61,"end":10241.93},{"text":"of","start":10241.93,"end":10242.05},{"text":"the","start":10242.05,"end":10242.13},{"text":"responsibility","start":10242.13,"end":10242.81},{"text":"of","start":10242.81,"end":10242.89},{"text":"international","start":10242.89,"end":10243.37},{"text":"organizations","start":10243.37,"end":10243.93},{"text":"within","start":10243.93,"end":10244.29},{"text":"the","start":10244.29,"end":10244.37},{"text":"Sixth","start":10244.37,"end":10244.69},{"text":"Committee.","start":10244.69,"end":10245.25}]},{"text":"We are also grateful for the presentation of the Secretary-General's reports A/81/83 and A/81/222.","start":10245.25,"end":10254.21,"topics":[{"key":"io-responsibility","label":"Responsibility of International Organizations","description":"Delegations examined whether international organizations, as subjects of international law, incur responsibility for internationally wrongful acts and how accountability should operate as their role in global governance 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courts.","start":10254.85,"end":10266.93,"topics":[{"key":"io-responsibility","label":"Responsibility of International Organizations","description":"Delegations examined whether international organizations, as subjects of international law, incur responsibility for internationally wrongful acts and how accountability should operate as their role in global governance expands."}],"words":[{"text":"These","start":10254.85,"end":10255.17},{"text":"reports","start":10255.17,"end":10255.81},{"text":"contain","start":10256.69,"end":10257.17},{"text":"the","start":10257.17,"end":10257.25},{"text":"comments","start":10257.25,"end":10257.65},{"text":"and","start":10257.65,"end":10257.77},{"text":"information","start":10257.77,"end":10258.53},{"text":"received","start":10258.85,"end":10259.57},{"text":"from","start":10259.57,"end":10259.97},{"text":"governments","start":10259.97,"end":10260.41},{"text":"and","start":10260.41,"end":10260.53},{"text":"international","start":10260.53,"end":10261.01},{"text":"organizations,","start":10261.01,"end":10262.05},{"text":"as","start":10262.05,"end":10262.29},{"text":"well","start":10262.29,"end":10262.61},{"text":"as","start":10262.61,"end":10262.89},{"text":"a","start":10262.89,"end":10262.93},{"text":"compilation","start":10262.93,"end":10263.77},{"text":"of","start":10263.77,"end":10263.89},{"text":"decisions","start":10263.89,"end":10264.41},{"text":"from","start":10264.41,"end":10264.61},{"text":"international","start":10265.09,"end":10265.73},{"text":"tribunals","start":10265.73,"end":10266.21},{"text":"and","start":10266.21,"end":10266.37},{"text":"courts.","start":10266.37,"end":10266.93}]},{"text":"We also thank the ILC for its work in establishing draft articles on this issue as a contribution to the progressive development of international law.","start":10269.13,"end":10280.97,"topics":[{"key":"io-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the RIO Draft Articles","description":"Many delegations debated whether the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations are mature enough for treaty negotiations or should remain as a reference text until more practice and broader consensus 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responsibility of international organizations is a matter of great importance in view of the growing presence of these actors in the international landscape.","start":10282.05,"end":10292.05,"topics":[{"key":"io-responsibility","label":"Responsibility of International Organizations","description":"Delegations examined whether international organizations, as subjects of international law, incur responsibility for internationally wrongful acts and how accountability should operate as their role in global governance 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this in mind, the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations stands in and of itself a Herculean effort to regulate in a homogeneous fashion the consequences of internationally wrongful acts and the attribution thereof.","start":10292.45,"end":10309.93,"topics":[{"key":"io-responsibility","label":"Responsibility of International Organizations","description":"Delegations examined whether international organizations, as subjects of international law, incur responsibility for internationally wrongful acts and how accountability should operate as their role in global governance expands."},{"key":"attribution-allocation","label":"Attribution and Allocation of Responsibility","description":"Speakers discussed how conduct should be attributed to international organizations and how responsibility should be allocated between organizations and member states, especially in cases involving delegated authority, effective control, sanctions, or joint 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is a wide range of international organisations, and that gives rise to difficulties, but the draft articles rightly enshrine and take up principles of international law, such as the principle of responsibility.","start":10324.77,"end":10335.85,"topics":[{"key":"io-responsibility","label":"Responsibility of International Organizations","description":"Delegations examined whether international organizations, as subjects of international law, incur responsibility for internationally wrongful acts and how accountability should operate as their role in global governance 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convention.","start":10344.93,"end":10353.81,"topics":[{"key":"io-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the RIO Draft Articles","description":"Many delegations debated whether the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations are mature enough for treaty negotiations or should remain as a reference text until more practice and broader consensus 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urge member states to analyze in detail any amendment that they intend to make to that definition.","start":10354.13,"end":10361.41,"topics":[{"key":"io-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the RIO Draft Articles","description":"Many delegations debated whether the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations are mature enough for treaty negotiations or should remain as a reference text until more practice and broader consensus 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party.","start":10366.13,"end":10375.73,"topics":[{"key":"io-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the RIO Draft Articles","description":"Many delegations debated whether the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations are mature enough for treaty negotiations or should remain as a reference text until more practice and broader consensus 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is of the view that the Vienna Convention on the Law of the Treaties should be the guide for any legal definition produced in this field.","start":10376.45,"end":10385.81,"topics":[{"key":"io-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the RIO Draft Articles","description":"Many delegations debated whether the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations are mature enough for treaty negotiations or should remain as a reference text until more practice and broader consensus 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we have expressed on other occasions the fact that, in our view, the reference is a crucial element of internationally wrongful acts committed by international organizations because that is the element that determines obligations to provide redress, the cessation of the violation or the provision of guarantees for non-repetition to the damaged party.","start":10386.29,"end":10414.13,"topics":[{"key":"io-responsibility","label":"Responsibility of International Organizations","description":"Delegations examined whether international organizations, as subjects of international law, incur responsibility for internationally wrongful acts and how accountability should operate as their role in global governance 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Crucially important elements in this field are definitions of the state of necessity regulated in draft article 25.","start":10414.53,"end":10423.33,"topics":[{"key":"io-responsibility","label":"Responsibility of International Organizations","description":"Delegations examined whether international organizations, as subjects of international law, incur responsibility for internationally wrongful acts and how accountability should operate as their role in global governance 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been defined as essential interest.","start":10423.65,"end":10428.05,"topics":[{"key":"io-responsibility","label":"Responsibility of International Organizations","description":"Delegations examined whether international organizations, as subjects of international law, incur responsibility for internationally wrongful acts and how accountability should operate as their role in global governance expands."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":10423.65,"end":10423.97},{"text":"our","start":10423.97,"end":10424.09},{"text":"view,","start":10424.09,"end":10424.29},{"text":"that","start":10424.29,"end":10424.61},{"text":"should","start":10424.61,"end":10424.73},{"text":"have","start":10424.73,"end":10424.85},{"text":"been","start":10424.85,"end":10425.09},{"text":"defined","start":10425.09,"end":10425.65},{"text":"as","start":10425.89,"end":10426.13},{"text":"essential","start":10426.13,"end":10427.25},{"text":"interest.","start":10427.25,"end":10428.05}]},{"text":"In terms of collective countermeasures, we're of the view that instead of the current wording, we should have included wording that referred to the system of collective security provided for in the UN Charter.","start":10429.41,"end":10442.05,"topics":[{"key":"io-responsibility","label":"Responsibility of International Organizations","description":"Delegations examined whether international organizations, as subjects of international law, incur responsibility for internationally wrongful acts and how accountability should operate as their role in global governance 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delegation has, during other discussions on the issue, expressed the fact that a proposal for mechanisms to resolve disputes relative to the interpretation of responsibility and liability would constitute a guarantee of the peaceful resolution of these.","start":10443.29,"end":10460.17,"topics":[{"key":"rule-of-law","label":"Rule of Law","description":"Speakers stressed the importance of strengthening the rule of law at both the national and international levels as a basis for rights protection, accountability, peaceful dispute settlement, and stable multilateral 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is vital for developing countries that have been victim to the solution of conflicts through use of force.","start":10460.17,"end":10468.65,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":10460.17,"end":10460.41},{"text":"is","start":10460.41,"end":10460.57},{"text":"vital","start":10460.57,"end":10461.05},{"text":"for","start":10461.05,"end":10461.29},{"text":"developing","start":10461.29,"end":10461.85},{"text":"countries","start":10461.85,"end":10462.33},{"text":"that","start":10462.33,"end":10462.57},{"text":"have","start":10462.57,"end":10462.81},{"text":"been","start":10462.81,"end":10463.13},{"text":"victim","start":10463.13,"end":10463.77},{"text":"to","start":10464.17,"end":10464.73},{"text":"the","start":10465.69,"end":10465.81},{"text":"solution","start":10466.01,"end":10466.57},{"text":"of","start":10466.57,"end":10466.65},{"text":"conflicts","start":10466.65,"end":10467.29},{"text":"through","start":10467.29,"end":10467.61},{"text":"use","start":10467.61,"end":10467.89},{"text":"of","start":10467.89,"end":10467.97},{"text":"force.","start":10467.97,"end":10468.65}]},{"text":"Chair, our country recognises the existence of legal obligations regarding the functioning of international organisations, and we respect the privileges and immunities that are given to international organisations to guarantee the smooth conduct of their duties.","start":10469.69,"end":10488.49,"topics":[{"key":"io-responsibility","label":"Responsibility of International Organizations","description":"Delegations examined whether international organizations, as subjects of international law, incur responsibility for internationally wrongful acts and how accountability should operate as their role in global governance 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despite the fact that we do not have domestic legislation specifically on this matter, legislation that regulates the legal responsibilities of those organisations.","start":10488.49,"end":10501.65,"topics":[{"key":"io-responsibility","label":"Responsibility of International Organizations","description":"Delegations examined whether international organizations, as subjects of international law, incur responsibility for internationally wrongful acts and how accountability should operate as their role in global governance 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we impose criminal responsibility on both legal and natural persons in various articles of our criminal code.","start":10501.65,"end":10510.45,"topics":[{"key":"io-responsibility","label":"Responsibility of International Organizations","description":"Delegations examined whether international organizations, as subjects of international law, incur responsibility for internationally wrongful acts and how accountability should operate as their role in global governance 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crucially important from a legal perspective, providing that the establishment of a legal framework on norms for international responsibility is a premise to ensure the respect of the rule of law and a guarantee for domestic legal systems.","start":10510.45,"end":10529.65,"topics":[{"key":"rule-of-law","label":"Rule of Law","description":"Speakers stressed the importance of strengthening the rule of law at both the national and international levels as a basis for rights protection, accountability, peaceful dispute settlement, and stable multilateral relations."},{"key":"io-responsibility","label":"Responsibility of International Organizations","description":"Delegations examined whether international organizations, as subjects of international law, incur responsibility for internationally wrongful acts and how accountability should operate as their role in global governance 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convention on the responsibility of international organizations must be clear and binding in nature.","start":10530.69,"end":10537.33,"topics":[{"key":"io-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the RIO Draft Articles","description":"Many delegations debated whether the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations are mature enough for treaty negotiations or should remain as a reference text until more practice and broader consensus 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Cuba supports the negotiation of a legally binding convention on the responsibility of international organizations based on the draft articles drawn up by the ILC.","start":10549.17,"end":10560.21,"topics":[{"key":"io-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the RIO Draft Articles","description":"Many delegations debated whether the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations are mature enough for treaty negotiations or should remain as a reference text until more practice and broader consensus 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will receive an e-mail later this afternoon with a zero draft of the resolution, which is basically a technical 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the first informal consultations will be held tomorrow at 2:00 PM.","start":10636.73,"end":10640.89,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":10636.73,"end":10636.93},{"text":"the","start":10636.93,"end":10637.05},{"text":"first","start":10637.05,"end":10637.37},{"text":"informal","start":10637.37,"end":10637.93},{"text":"consultations","start":10637.93,"end":10638.57},{"text":"will","start":10638.57,"end":10638.81},{"text":"be","start":10638.81,"end":10638.89},{"text":"held","start":10638.89,"end":10639.21},{"text":"tomorrow","start":10639.21,"end":10639.93},{"text":"at","start":10639.93,"end":10640.29},{"text":"2:00","start":10640.29,"end":10640.33},{"text":"PM.","start":10640.33,"end":10640.89}]},{"text":"You also received that by e-mail.","start":10640.97,"end":10642.57,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"You","start":10640.97,"end":10641.05},{"text":"also","start":10641.05,"end":10641.33},{"text":"received","start":10641.33,"end":10641.73},{"text":"that","start":10641.73,"end":10641.93},{"text":"by","start":10641.93,"end":10642.09},{"text":"e-mail.","start":10642.09,"end":10642.57}]},{"text":"The purpose of tomorrow's informal consultations will be to introduce the zero draft, provide information on the negotiating timeline, and give delegations an opportunity to share preliminary comments on the draft before International Law Week 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wishing to propose amendments will be invited to submit them by Friday, 23 October.","start":10658.57,"end":10664.33,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Delegations","start":10658.57,"end":10659.21},{"text":"wishing","start":10659.21,"end":10659.53},{"text":"to","start":10659.53,"end":10659.61},{"text":"propose","start":10659.61,"end":10659.93},{"text":"amendments","start":10659.93,"end":10660.57},{"text":"will","start":10660.57,"end":10660.81},{"text":"be","start":10660.81,"end":10660.93},{"text":"invited","start":10660.93,"end":10661.37},{"text":"to","start":10661.37,"end":10661.57},{"text":"submit","start":10661.57,"end":10662.01},{"text":"them","start":10662.01,"end":10662.17},{"text":"by","start":10662.17,"end":10662.41},{"text":"Friday,","start":10662.41,"end":10663.05},{"text":"23","start":10663.05,"end":10663.73},{"text":"October.","start":10663.73,"end":10664.33}]},{"text":"And I invite all delegations to engage in this negotiation, in this process constructively and with 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of agenda item 77, United Nations Program of Assistance in the Teaching, Study, Dissemination, and Wider Appreciation of International Law at its meeting tomorrow morning, beginning at 10:00 a.m. I wish you a good 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meeting is adjourned.","start":10702.45,"end":10703.65,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":10702.45,"end":10702.53},{"text":"meeting","start":10702.53,"end":10702.85},{"text":"is","start":10702.85,"end":10703.09},{"text":"adjourned.","start":10703.09,"end":10703.65}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"6th Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair","affiliation_full":"6th Committee"}}],"topics":[{"key":"rule-of-law","label":"Rule of Law","description":"Speakers stressed the importance of strengthening the rule of law at both the national and international levels as a basis for rights protection, accountability, peaceful dispute settlement, and stable multilateral relations."},{"key":"io-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the RIO Draft Articles","description":"Many delegations debated whether the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations are mature enough for treaty negotiations or should remain as a reference text until more practice and broader consensus develop."},{"key":"alien-expulsion","label":"Expulsion of Aliens","description":"Delegations debated states' authority to regulate the entry, stay, and removal of non-nationals, especially the relationship between expulsion powers, sovereignty, border control, national security, and public order."},{"key":"non-refoulement","label":"Non-Refoulement","description":"Several delegations discussed the scope and legal status of non-refoulement, including whether people may be returned to places where they face persecution, torture, death, or other serious harm."},{"key":"io-responsibility","label":"Responsibility of International Organizations","description":"Delegations examined whether international organizations, as subjects of international law, incur responsibility for internationally wrongful acts and how accountability should operate as their role in global governance expands."},{"key":"migrant-protections","label":"Migrant Protections","description":"Many statements focused on safeguards in expulsion proceedings, including due process, humane treatment, access to appeals, consular assistance, family unity, and protection against arbitrary or collective expulsion."},{"key":"expulsion-draft-form","label":"Future Form of the Expulsion Draft Articles","description":"States differed on whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on expulsion of aliens should become a binding convention, remain non-binding guidance, or continue to be examined through further dialogue and working methods."},{"key":"attribution-allocation","label":"Attribution and Allocation of Responsibility","description":"Speakers discussed how conduct should be attributed to international organizations and how responsibility should be allocated between organizations and member states, especially in cases involving delegated authority, effective control, sanctions, or joint action."}]}}