{"disclaimer":"Transcripts available through this tool are created by using automatic speech recognition and are not official records nor official documents of the United Nations. Official records and official documents are available on the Official Document System of the United Nations.","url":"https://transcripts.un.org/ar/ga/c6/81/34?lang=en","llms":{"note":"Plain-text sibling of this page, compact for LLM context. 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wish to recall the Bureau’s recommendation that national statements shall be limited to seven minutes and group statements to 12 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are strongly encouraged to keep their statements within these limits and, where possible, deliver abridged versions of their statements while providing the full statements for posting on eStatements and on the website of the Sixth 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will enable all delegations to deliver their statements within the schedule.","start":1429.91,"end":1435.51,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":1429.91,"end":1430.15},{"text":"will","start":1430.15,"end":1430.43},{"text":"enable","start":1430.43,"end":1431.03},{"text":"all","start":1431.03,"end":1431.27},{"text":"delegations","start":1431.27,"end":1432.07},{"text":"to","start":1432.07,"end":1432.19},{"text":"deliver","start":1432.19,"end":1432.71},{"text":"their","start":1433.19,"end":1433.39},{"text":"statements","start":1433.39,"end":1434.15},{"text":"within","start":1434.39,"end":1434.83},{"text":"the","start":1434.83,"end":1434.95},{"text":"schedule.","start":1434.95,"end":1435.51}]},{"text":"Dear colleagues, before proceeding, I understand that Special Rapporteur for the topic Due Diligence in International Law, Ms. Penelope Ridings has to leave New York today and wishes to make some brief remarks on her topic, which will only be considered next 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with the permission of the Committee, I would like to give the floor to Ms. Ridings.","start":1457.43,"end":1462.31,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":1457.43,"end":1457.75},{"text":"with","start":1457.75,"end":1457.87},{"text":"the","start":1457.87,"end":1457.95},{"text":"permission","start":1457.95,"end":1458.39},{"text":"of","start":1458.39,"end":1458.47},{"text":"the","start":1458.47,"end":1458.55},{"text":"Committee,","start":1458.55,"end":1459.11},{"text":"I","start":1459.67,"end":1459.91},{"text":"would","start":1459.91,"end":1460.03},{"text":"like","start":1460.03,"end":1460.27},{"text":"to","start":1460.27,"end":1460.35},{"text":"give","start":1460.39,"end":1460.55},{"text":"the","start":1460.55,"end":1460.63},{"text":"floor","start":1460.63,"end":1461.07},{"text":"to","start":1461.07,"end":1461.31},{"text":"Ms.","start":1461.31,"end":1461.67},{"text":"Ridings.","start":1461.75,"end":1462.31}]},{"text":"You have the 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to first thank the Ambassador, the Chair, but also the Chair of the Sixth Committee and the OLA Codification Division for enabling me to present this introduction, even though the topic of due diligence in international law will be discussed in cluster three next 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will be returning to home when that is introduced, and so I very much appreciate this 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report.","start":1506.39,"end":1512.07,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"You","start":1506.39,"end":1506.59},{"text":"will","start":1506.59,"end":1506.79},{"text":"have","start":1506.79,"end":1507.03},{"text":"before","start":1507.03,"end":1507.51},{"text":"you","start":1507.51,"end":1507.75},{"text":"my","start":1507.75,"end":1508.07},{"text":"first","start":1508.07,"end":1508.39},{"text":"report","start":1508.39,"end":1509.03},{"text":"on","start":1509.11,"end":1509.27},{"text":"the","start":1509.27,"end":1509.35},{"text":"topic,","start":1509.35,"end":1509.83},{"text":"which","start":1510.51,"end":1510.71},{"text":"is","start":1510.71,"end":1510.87},{"text":"a","start":1510.87,"end":1510.95},{"text":"preliminary","start":1510.95,"end":1511.59},{"text":"report.","start":1511.59,"end":1512.07}]},{"text":"The purpose was to provide the foundation for the future consideration of the topic.","start":1513.03,"end":1517.67,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1513.03,"end":1513.19},{"text":"purpose","start":1513.19,"end":1513.67},{"text":"was","start":1513.67,"end":1513.83},{"text":"to","start":1513.83,"end":1513.95},{"text":"provide","start":1513.95,"end":1514.31},{"text":"the","start":1514.31,"end":1514.43},{"text":"foundation","start":1514.43,"end":1515.19},{"text":"for","start":1515.19,"end":1515.35},{"text":"the","start":1515.35,"end":1515.43},{"text":"future","start":1515.43,"end":1516.03},{"text":"consideration","start":1516.07,"end":1516.99},{"text":"of","start":1516.99,"end":1517.07},{"text":"the","start":1517.07,"end":1517.15},{"text":"topic.","start":1517.15,"end":1517.67}]},{"text":"As you know, the first report maps existing material on due diligence, examining both due diligence across different fields of international law and as well over the last century and more in which due diligence is found.","start":1518.95,"end":1534.79,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"As","start":1518.95,"end":1519.15},{"text":"you","start":1519.15,"end":1519.23},{"text":"know,","start":1519.23,"end":1519.59},{"text":"the","start":1519.75,"end":1519.87},{"text":"first","start":1519.87,"end":1520.15},{"text":"report","start":1520.15,"end":1520.79},{"text":"maps","start":1521.75,"end":1522.23},{"text":"existing","start":1522.23,"end":1522.71},{"text":"material","start":1522.71,"end":1523.35},{"text":"on","start":1523.35,"end":1523.51},{"text":"due","start":1523.51,"end":1523.67},{"text":"diligence,","start":1523.67,"end":1524.39},{"text":"examining","start":1525.11,"end":1525.83},{"text":"both","start":1525.83,"end":1526.07},{"text":"due","start":1526.07,"end":1526.31},{"text":"diligence","start":1526.31,"end":1527.03},{"text":"across","start":1527.03,"end":1527.39},{"text":"different","start":1527.39,"end":1527.75},{"text":"fields","start":1527.75,"end":1528.19},{"text":"of","start":1528.19,"end":1528.31},{"text":"international","start":1528.31,"end":1529.35},{"text":"law","start":1529.35,"end":1529.43},{"text":"and","start":1530.07,"end":1530.31},{"text":"as","start":1530.31,"end":1530.43},{"text":"well","start":1530.43,"end":1530.71},{"text":"over","start":1530.71,"end":1530.91},{"text":"the","start":1530.91,"end":1531.03},{"text":"last","start":1531.03,"end":1531.39},{"text":"century","start":1531.39,"end":1531.99},{"text":"and","start":1532.07,"end":1532.31},{"text":"more","start":1532.31,"end":1532.71},{"text":"in","start":1532.95,"end":1533.11},{"text":"which","start":1533.11,"end":1533.39},{"text":"due","start":1533.39,"end":1533.55},{"text":"diligence","start":1533.55,"end":1534.15},{"text":"is","start":1534.15,"end":1534.31},{"text":"found.","start":1534.31,"end":1534.79}]},{"text":"As you will know, it does not propose draft provisions that will come in the second report.","start":1536.31,"end":1542.07,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"As","start":1536.31,"end":1536.47},{"text":"you","start":1536.47,"end":1536.59},{"text":"will","start":1536.59,"end":1536.71},{"text":"know,","start":1536.71,"end":1537.11},{"text":"it","start":1537.67,"end":1537.83},{"text":"does","start":1537.83,"end":1538.03},{"text":"not","start":1538.03,"end":1538.19},{"text":"propose","start":1538.19,"end":1538.71},{"text":"draft","start":1538.71,"end":1539.19},{"text":"provisions","start":1539.19,"end":1540.07},{"text":"that","start":1540.07,"end":1540.27},{"text":"will","start":1540.27,"end":1540.39},{"text":"come","start":1540.39,"end":1540.87},{"text":"in","start":1540.87,"end":1541.03},{"text":"the","start":1541.03,"end":1541.11},{"text":"second","start":1541.11,"end":1541.51},{"text":"report.","start":1541.51,"end":1542.07}]},{"text":"In general, I would welcome the views on the first report and whether you consider that it is headed in the right direction.","start":1543.19,"end":1550.55,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":1543.19,"end":1543.39},{"text":"general,","start":1543.39,"end":1543.99},{"text":"I","start":1544.07,"end":1544.23},{"text":"would","start":1544.23,"end":1544.39},{"text":"welcome","start":1544.39,"end":1545.03},{"text":"the","start":1545.03,"end":1545.19},{"text":"views","start":1545.19,"end":1545.55},{"text":"on","start":1545.55,"end":1545.67},{"text":"the","start":1545.67,"end":1545.75},{"text":"first","start":1545.75,"end":1546.07},{"text":"report","start":1546.07,"end":1546.71},{"text":"and","start":1547.03,"end":1547.31},{"text":"whether","start":1547.31,"end":1547.75},{"text":"you","start":1547.75,"end":1547.91},{"text":"consider","start":1547.91,"end":1548.59},{"text":"that","start":1548.63,"end":1548.87},{"text":"it","start":1548.87,"end":1548.95},{"text":"is","start":1548.95,"end":1549.11},{"text":"headed","start":1549.11,"end":1549.51},{"text":"in","start":1549.51,"end":1549.59},{"text":"the","start":1549.59,"end":1549.71},{"text":"right","start":1549.71,"end":1549.95},{"text":"direction.","start":1549.95,"end":1550.55}]},{"text":"But in particular, the first report raised a number of questions on which I would value States' views.","start":1551.91,"end":1559.59,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"But","start":1551.91,"end":1552.07},{"text":"in","start":1552.07,"end":1552.27},{"text":"particular,","start":1552.27,"end":1553.07},{"text":"the","start":1553.43,"end":1553.63},{"text":"first","start":1553.63,"end":1553.99},{"text":"report","start":1553.99,"end":1554.63},{"text":"raised","start":1554.79,"end":1555.43},{"text":"a","start":1555.59,"end":1555.63},{"text":"number","start":1555.63,"end":1555.95},{"text":"of","start":1555.95,"end":1556.07},{"text":"questions","start":1556.07,"end":1556.95},{"text":"on","start":1557.51,"end":1557.67},{"text":"which","start":1557.67,"end":1557.99},{"text":"I","start":1557.99,"end":1558.15},{"text":"would","start":1558.15,"end":1558.31},{"text":"value","start":1558.31,"end":1558.71},{"text":"States'","start":1558.71,"end":1559.11},{"text":"views.","start":1559.11,"end":1559.59}]},{"text":"These centre on several issues concerning the scope, content, and legal character of due diligence that will need to be clarified if the topic is to be of practical use to states.","start":1560.95,"end":1574.55,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"These","start":1560.95,"end":1561.23},{"text":"centre","start":1561.23,"end":1561.67},{"text":"on","start":1561.67,"end":1561.99},{"text":"several","start":1561.99,"end":1562.47},{"text":"issues","start":1562.47,"end":1562.95},{"text":"concerning","start":1562.95,"end":1563.67},{"text":"the","start":1563.67,"end":1563.83},{"text":"scope,","start":1563.83,"end":1564.31},{"text":"content,","start":1565.11,"end":1565.75},{"text":"and","start":1565.91,"end":1566.15},{"text":"legal","start":1566.15,"end":1566.47},{"text":"character","start":1566.47,"end":1567.11},{"text":"of","start":1567.27,"end":1567.51},{"text":"due","start":1567.55,"end":1567.67},{"text":"diligence","start":1567.67,"end":1568.47},{"text":"that","start":1569.27,"end":1569.43},{"text":"will","start":1569.43,"end":1569.59},{"text":"need","start":1569.59,"end":1569.83},{"text":"to","start":1569.83,"end":1569.91},{"text":"be","start":1569.91,"end":1570.07},{"text":"clarified","start":1570.07,"end":1570.95},{"text":"if","start":1570.95,"end":1571.11},{"text":"the","start":1571.11,"end":1571.19},{"text":"topic","start":1571.19,"end":1571.67},{"text":"is","start":1571.75,"end":1571.91},{"text":"to","start":1571.91,"end":1572.03},{"text":"be","start":1572.03,"end":1572.19},{"text":"of","start":1572.19,"end":1572.31},{"text":"practical","start":1572.31,"end":1572.95},{"text":"use","start":1573.27,"end":1573.75},{"text":"to","start":1573.83,"end":1573.95},{"text":"states.","start":1573.95,"end":1574.55}]},{"text":"So first on scope.","start":1575.91,"end":1576.95,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":1575.91,"end":1576.07},{"text":"first","start":1576.07,"end":1576.39},{"text":"on","start":1576.39,"end":1576.55},{"text":"scope.","start":1576.55,"end":1576.95}]},{"text":"This question covers two aspects.","start":1578.23,"end":1580.31,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":1578.23,"end":1578.47},{"text":"question","start":1578.47,"end":1579.11},{"text":"covers","start":1579.11,"end":1579.43},{"text":"two","start":1579.43,"end":1579.67},{"text":"aspects.","start":1579.67,"end":1580.31}]},{"text":"The first is whether, as anticipated, the topic should cover just due diligence expected of states.","start":1581.43,"end":1589.03,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1581.43,"end":1581.59},{"text":"first","start":1581.59,"end":1582.07},{"text":"is","start":1582.07,"end":1582.27},{"text":"whether,","start":1582.27,"end":1582.71},{"text":"as","start":1582.71,"end":1583.03},{"text":"anticipated,","start":1583.03,"end":1584.07},{"text":"the","start":1584.79,"end":1584.91},{"text":"topic","start":1584.91,"end":1585.35},{"text":"should","start":1585.35,"end":1585.59},{"text":"cover","start":1585.59,"end":1586.15},{"text":"just","start":1586.39,"end":1586.83},{"text":"due","start":1586.83,"end":1587.03},{"text":"diligence","start":1587.03,"end":1587.75},{"text":"expected","start":1587.75,"end":1588.31},{"text":"of","start":1588.31,"end":1588.47},{"text":"states.","start":1588.47,"end":1589.03}]},{"text":"And if so, how should it address the question of obligations of states with respect to transnational business operations beyond the state's borders?","start":1589.99,"end":1600.31,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":1589.99,"end":1590.15},{"text":"if","start":1590.15,"end":1590.27},{"text":"so,","start":1590.27,"end":1590.79},{"text":"how","start":1591.11,"end":1591.51},{"text":"should","start":1591.51,"end":1591.83},{"text":"it","start":1591.83,"end":1591.99},{"text":"address","start":1591.99,"end":1592.55},{"text":"the","start":1592.55,"end":1592.63},{"text":"question","start":1592.63,"end":1593.19},{"text":"of","start":1593.19,"end":1593.43},{"text":"obligations","start":1593.43,"end":1594.27},{"text":"of","start":1594.27,"end":1594.39},{"text":"states","start":1594.39,"end":1594.95},{"text":"with","start":1595.35,"end":1595.55},{"text":"respect","start":1595.59,"end":1596.11},{"text":"to","start":1596.11,"end":1596.19},{"text":"transnational","start":1596.23,"end":1597.11},{"text":"business","start":1597.11,"end":1597.59},{"text":"operations","start":1597.59,"end":1598.39},{"text":"beyond","start":1598.79,"end":1599.19},{"text":"the","start":1599.19,"end":1599.35},{"text":"state's","start":1599.35,"end":1599.75},{"text":"borders?","start":1599.75,"end":1600.31}]},{"text":"The second question is whether and how to address what in my report I have called the two conceptions of due diligence, as a standard of conduct attached to a primary obligation and as a general obligation grounded in the Corfu Channel case and based on sovereignty and sovereign equality of states.","start":1601.91,"end":1624.23,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1601.91,"end":1602.03},{"text":"second","start":1602.03,"end":1602.31},{"text":"question","start":1602.39,"end":1603.03},{"text":"is","start":1603.27,"end":1603.47},{"text":"whether","start":1603.47,"end":1603.99},{"text":"and","start":1604.07,"end":1604.27},{"text":"how","start":1604.27,"end":1604.47},{"text":"to","start":1604.47,"end":1604.67},{"text":"address","start":1604.67,"end":1605.19},{"text":"what","start":1605.83,"end":1606.23},{"text":"in","start":1606.23,"end":1606.39},{"text":"my","start":1606.39,"end":1606.63},{"text":"report","start":1606.63,"end":1607.27},{"text":"I","start":1607.27,"end":1607.35},{"text":"have","start":1607.35,"end":1607.51},{"text":"called","start":1607.51,"end":1607.99},{"text":"the","start":1608.07,"end":1608.23},{"text":"two","start":1608.23,"end":1608.55},{"text":"conceptions","start":1608.55,"end":1609.47},{"text":"of","start":1609.47,"end":1609.59},{"text":"due","start":1609.59,"end":1609.75},{"text":"diligence,","start":1609.75,"end":1610.55},{"text":"as","start":1611.59,"end":1611.87},{"text":"a","start":1611.87,"end":1611.91},{"text":"standard","start":1611.91,"end":1612.39},{"text":"of","start":1612.39,"end":1612.47},{"text":"conduct","start":1612.47,"end":1613.19},{"text":"attached","start":1613.19,"end":1613.63},{"text":"to","start":1613.63,"end":1613.71},{"text":"a","start":1613.71,"end":1613.75},{"text":"primary","start":1613.75,"end":1614.23},{"text":"obligation","start":1614.23,"end":1615.03},{"text":"and","start":1615.91,"end":1616.15},{"text":"as","start":1616.15,"end":1616.31},{"text":"a","start":1616.31,"end":1616.35},{"text":"general","start":1616.35,"end":1616.79},{"text":"obligation","start":1616.79,"end":1617.67},{"text":"grounded","start":1617.75,"end":1618.55},{"text":"in","start":1618.79,"end":1618.91},{"text":"the","start":1618.91,"end":1619.03},{"text":"Corfu","start":1619.03,"end":1619.43},{"text":"Channel","start":1619.43,"end":1619.75},{"text":"case","start":1619.75,"end":1620.31},{"text":"and","start":1620.95,"end":1621.15},{"text":"based","start":1621.15,"end":1621.51},{"text":"on","start":1621.51,"end":1621.67},{"text":"sovereignty","start":1621.67,"end":1622.47},{"text":"and","start":1622.47,"end":1622.71},{"text":"sovereign","start":1622.71,"end":1623.07},{"text":"equality","start":1623.07,"end":1623.63},{"text":"of","start":1623.63,"end":1623.75},{"text":"states.","start":1623.75,"end":1624.23}]},{"text":"I raised a number of questions in section five of my report in this connection, on which it would be useful to have states' views.","start":1625.67,"end":1634.79,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":1625.67,"end":1625.91},{"text":"raised","start":1625.91,"end":1626.39},{"text":"a","start":1626.39,"end":1626.47},{"text":"number","start":1626.47,"end":1626.91},{"text":"of","start":1626.91,"end":1627.03},{"text":"questions","start":1627.03,"end":1627.91},{"text":"in","start":1627.91,"end":1628.15},{"text":"section","start":1628.15,"end":1628.71},{"text":"five","start":1628.71,"end":1629.19},{"text":"of","start":1629.19,"end":1629.27},{"text":"my","start":1629.27,"end":1629.43},{"text":"report","start":1629.43,"end":1629.95},{"text":"in","start":1629.95,"end":1630.03},{"text":"this","start":1630.03,"end":1630.23},{"text":"connection,","start":1630.23,"end":1630.87},{"text":"on","start":1631.75,"end":1631.99},{"text":"which","start":1631.99,"end":1632.23},{"text":"it","start":1632.23,"end":1632.31},{"text":"would","start":1632.31,"end":1632.47},{"text":"be","start":1632.47,"end":1632.63},{"text":"useful","start":1632.63,"end":1633.19},{"text":"to","start":1633.35,"end":1633.43},{"text":"have","start":1633.43,"end":1633.83},{"text":"states'","start":1633.91,"end":1634.31},{"text":"views.","start":1634.31,"end":1634.79}]},{"text":"Second, it would be useful for me to have the views on the content of due diligence.","start":1636.71,"end":1642.15,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Second,","start":1636.71,"end":1637.43},{"text":"it","start":1637.75,"end":1637.99},{"text":"would","start":1637.99,"end":1638.15},{"text":"be","start":1638.15,"end":1638.31},{"text":"useful","start":1638.31,"end":1638.79},{"text":"for","start":1638.79,"end":1638.95},{"text":"me","start":1638.95,"end":1639.11},{"text":"to","start":1639.11,"end":1639.23},{"text":"have","start":1639.23,"end":1639.43},{"text":"the","start":1639.43,"end":1639.55},{"text":"views","start":1639.55,"end":1640.03},{"text":"on","start":1640.03,"end":1640.15},{"text":"the","start":1640.15,"end":1640.23},{"text":"content","start":1640.23,"end":1640.95},{"text":"of","start":1641.11,"end":1641.27},{"text":"due","start":1641.27,"end":1641.43},{"text":"diligence.","start":1641.43,"end":1642.15}]},{"text":"In particular, it would be interesting to learn whether states consider that there are particular types of obligations to which an obligation to exercise due diligence is associated.","start":1643.27,"end":1657.19,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":1643.27,"end":1643.43},{"text":"particular,","start":1643.43,"end":1644.15},{"text":"it","start":1644.55,"end":1644.67},{"text":"would","start":1644.67,"end":1644.83},{"text":"be","start":1644.83,"end":1644.95},{"text":"interesting","start":1644.95,"end":1645.59},{"text":"to","start":1645.59,"end":1645.71},{"text":"learn","start":1645.71,"end":1646.39},{"text":"whether","start":1646.63,"end":1647.03},{"text":"states","start":1647.03,"end":1647.51},{"text":"consider","start":1647.51,"end":1648.31},{"text":"that","start":1648.71,"end":1648.95},{"text":"there","start":1648.95,"end":1649.19},{"text":"are","start":1649.19,"end":1649.39},{"text":"particular","start":1649.39,"end":1650.07},{"text":"types","start":1650.07,"end":1650.63},{"text":"of","start":1650.63,"end":1650.71},{"text":"obligations","start":1650.71,"end":1651.67},{"text":"to","start":1651.67,"end":1651.91},{"text":"which","start":1651.91,"end":1652.47},{"text":"an","start":1652.87,"end":1653.03},{"text":"obligation","start":1653.03,"end":1653.99},{"text":"to","start":1653.99,"end":1654.11},{"text":"exercise","start":1654.15,"end":1655.03},{"text":"due","start":1655.07,"end":1655.19},{"text":"diligence","start":1655.19,"end":1655.99},{"text":"is","start":1656.07,"end":1656.31},{"text":"associated.","start":1656.31,"end":1657.19}]},{"text":"It would be helpful to have views on whether to continue with a distinction between obligations of conduct and obligations of result.","start":1658.63,"end":1667.99,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"It","start":1658.63,"end":1658.83},{"text":"would","start":1658.83,"end":1658.95},{"text":"be","start":1658.95,"end":1659.11},{"text":"helpful","start":1659.11,"end":1659.67},{"text":"to","start":1659.67,"end":1659.79},{"text":"have","start":1659.79,"end":1660.19},{"text":"views","start":1660.19,"end":1660.79},{"text":"on","start":1660.79,"end":1661.03},{"text":"whether","start":1661.03,"end":1661.43},{"text":"to","start":1661.43,"end":1661.55},{"text":"continue","start":1661.55,"end":1662.39},{"text":"with","start":1662.39,"end":1662.63},{"text":"a","start":1662.63,"end":1662.71},{"text":"distinction","start":1662.71,"end":1663.59},{"text":"between","start":1663.83,"end":1664.39},{"text":"obligations","start":1664.39,"end":1665.35},{"text":"of","start":1665.35,"end":1665.51},{"text":"conduct","start":1665.51,"end":1666.23},{"text":"and","start":1666.23,"end":1666.43},{"text":"obligations","start":1666.43,"end":1667.23},{"text":"of","start":1667.23,"end":1667.31},{"text":"result.","start":1667.31,"end":1667.99}]},{"text":"or whether a more nuanced, but more specific approach is likely to be more fruitful.","start":1669.03,"end":1674.95,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"or","start":1669.03,"end":1669.23},{"text":"whether","start":1669.23,"end":1669.55},{"text":"a","start":1669.55,"end":1669.59},{"text":"more","start":1669.59,"end":1669.99},{"text":"nuanced,","start":1669.99,"end":1670.87},{"text":"but","start":1671.03,"end":1671.35},{"text":"more","start":1671.35,"end":1671.67},{"text":"specific","start":1671.67,"end":1672.31},{"text":"approach","start":1672.39,"end":1672.95},{"text":"is","start":1673.11,"end":1673.35},{"text":"likely","start":1673.35,"end":1673.75},{"text":"to","start":1673.75,"end":1673.95},{"text":"be","start":1673.95,"end":1674.15},{"text":"more","start":1674.15,"end":1674.35},{"text":"fruitful.","start":1674.35,"end":1674.95}]},{"text":"I'm also seeking to gain views on the factors to be taken into account in an assessment of due diligence, such as risk and severity of harm, knowledge, means, and capacity, and also on whether there are certain procedural requirements that due diligence may entail.","start":1676.79,"end":1696.23,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I'm","start":1676.79,"end":1677.03},{"text":"also","start":1677.03,"end":1677.35},{"text":"seeking","start":1677.35,"end":1677.75},{"text":"to","start":1677.75,"end":1677.87},{"text":"gain","start":1677.87,"end":1678.23},{"text":"views","start":1678.23,"end":1678.71},{"text":"on","start":1678.71,"end":1678.79},{"text":"the","start":1678.79,"end":1678.87},{"text":"factors","start":1678.87,"end":1679.43},{"text":"to","start":1679.43,"end":1679.55},{"text":"be","start":1679.55,"end":1679.67},{"text":"taken","start":1679.67,"end":1680.07},{"text":"into","start":1680.07,"end":1680.35},{"text":"account","start":1680.35,"end":1680.95},{"text":"in","start":1681.03,"end":1681.27},{"text":"an","start":1681.27,"end":1681.35},{"text":"assessment","start":1681.35,"end":1681.91},{"text":"of","start":1681.91,"end":1682.03},{"text":"due","start":1682.03,"end":1682.23},{"text":"diligence,","start":1682.23,"end":1682.95},{"text":"such","start":1683.59,"end":1683.91},{"text":"as","start":1683.91,"end":1684.07},{"text":"risk","start":1684.07,"end":1684.55},{"text":"and","start":1684.55,"end":1684.71},{"text":"severity","start":1684.71,"end":1685.31},{"text":"of","start":1685.31,"end":1685.43},{"text":"harm,","start":1685.43,"end":1685.99},{"text":"knowledge,","start":1686.55,"end":1687.27},{"text":"means,","start":1687.59,"end":1688.19},{"text":"and","start":1688.19,"end":1688.35},{"text":"capacity,","start":1688.35,"end":1689.19},{"text":"and","start":1690.07,"end":1690.23},{"text":"also","start":1690.23,"end":1690.87},{"text":"on","start":1690.95,"end":1691.19},{"text":"whether","start":1691.19,"end":1691.67},{"text":"there","start":1691.67,"end":1691.91},{"text":"are","start":1691.91,"end":1691.99},{"text":"certain","start":1691.99,"end":1692.55},{"text":"procedural","start":1692.55,"end":1693.11},{"text":"requirements","start":1693.11,"end":1693.91},{"text":"that","start":1694.15,"end":1694.47},{"text":"due","start":1694.63,"end":1694.87},{"text":"diligence","start":1694.87,"end":1695.43},{"text":"may","start":1695.43,"end":1695.59},{"text":"entail.","start":1695.59,"end":1696.23}]},{"text":"The third issue is the legal characterization of due diligence.","start":1697.79,"end":1701.63,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1697.79,"end":1697.95},{"text":"third","start":1697.95,"end":1698.27},{"text":"issue","start":1698.27,"end":1698.83},{"text":"is","start":1698.99,"end":1699.15},{"text":"the","start":1699.15,"end":1699.27},{"text":"legal","start":1699.27,"end":1699.63},{"text":"characterization","start":1699.63,"end":1700.59},{"text":"of","start":1700.59,"end":1700.71},{"text":"due","start":1700.71,"end":1700.91},{"text":"diligence.","start":1700.91,"end":1701.63}]},{"text":"I appreciate that some States considered that this is an issue that should be clarified at an early stage of the topic.","start":1702.83,"end":1710.67,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":1702.83,"end":1703.07},{"text":"appreciate","start":1703.07,"end":1703.87},{"text":"that","start":1704.03,"end":1704.27},{"text":"some","start":1704.27,"end":1704.59},{"text":"States","start":1704.59,"end":1704.99},{"text":"considered","start":1704.99,"end":1705.67},{"text":"that","start":1705.67,"end":1705.87},{"text":"this","start":1705.87,"end":1706.11},{"text":"is","start":1706.11,"end":1706.27},{"text":"an","start":1706.27,"end":1706.43},{"text":"issue","start":1706.43,"end":1706.91},{"text":"that","start":1707.47,"end":1707.63},{"text":"should","start":1707.63,"end":1707.83},{"text":"be","start":1707.83,"end":1707.95},{"text":"clarified","start":1707.95,"end":1708.83},{"text":"at","start":1708.83,"end":1708.99},{"text":"an","start":1708.99,"end":1709.15},{"text":"early","start":1709.23,"end":1709.47},{"text":"stage","start":1709.47,"end":1709.95},{"text":"of","start":1709.95,"end":1710.11},{"text":"the","start":1710.11,"end":1710.19},{"text":"topic.","start":1710.19,"end":1710.67}]},{"text":"However, it has become apparent that this is an issue on which views are divided, so I consider it premature to fix due diligence's place among the sources of international law at this stage of the topic.","start":1712.11,"end":1727.83,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. Discussion focused on assessing their weight, maintaining representativeness, distinguishing legal analysis from political positions, and avoiding a system of binding judicial 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is a risk that an overly broad general obligation could generate responsibility without the necessary opinio juris of states.","start":1729.19,"end":1738.95,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"There","start":1729.19,"end":1729.43},{"text":"is","start":1729.43,"end":1729.59},{"text":"a","start":1729.59,"end":1729.63},{"text":"risk","start":1729.63,"end":1730.15},{"text":"that","start":1730.39,"end":1730.67},{"text":"an","start":1730.67,"end":1730.79},{"text":"overly","start":1730.79,"end":1731.27},{"text":"broad","start":1731.27,"end":1731.99},{"text":"general","start":1732.07,"end":1732.55},{"text":"obligation","start":1732.55,"end":1733.51},{"text":"could","start":1734.07,"end":1734.31},{"text":"generate","start":1734.31,"end":1734.79},{"text":"responsibility","start":1734.79,"end":1735.99},{"text":"without","start":1736.15,"end":1736.55},{"text":"the","start":1736.55,"end":1736.67},{"text":"necessary","start":1736.67,"end":1737.35},{"text":"opinio","start":1737.35,"end":1737.83},{"text":"juris","start":1737.87,"end":1738.35},{"text":"of","start":1738.35,"end":1738.47},{"text":"states.","start":1738.47,"end":1738.95}]},{"text":"So my preference is to concentrate the second report on the conception of due diligence as an obligation to exercise due diligence when complying with certain primary obligations, in other words, the standard of conduct conception of due diligence.","start":1740.55,"end":1758.47,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":1740.55,"end":1740.79},{"text":"my","start":1740.79,"end":1741.03},{"text":"preference","start":1741.03,"end":1741.75},{"text":"is","start":1742.31,"end":1742.47},{"text":"to","start":1742.47,"end":1742.59},{"text":"concentrate","start":1742.59,"end":1743.27},{"text":"the","start":1743.27,"end":1743.35},{"text":"second","start":1743.35,"end":1743.63},{"text":"report","start":1743.67,"end":1744.31},{"text":"on","start":1744.95,"end":1745.03},{"text":"the","start":1745.03,"end":1745.11},{"text":"conception","start":1745.11,"end":1745.79},{"text":"of","start":1745.79,"end":1745.91},{"text":"due","start":1745.91,"end":1746.07},{"text":"diligence","start":1746.07,"end":1746.87},{"text":"as","start":1746.95,"end":1747.15},{"text":"an","start":1747.15,"end":1747.27},{"text":"obligation","start":1747.27,"end":1748.07},{"text":"to","start":1748.07,"end":1748.23},{"text":"exercise","start":1748.31,"end":1749.27},{"text":"due","start":1749.27,"end":1749.43},{"text":"diligence","start":1749.43,"end":1750.07},{"text":"when","start":1750.07,"end":1750.31},{"text":"complying","start":1750.31,"end":1750.95},{"text":"with","start":1750.95,"end":1751.11},{"text":"certain","start":1751.11,"end":1751.75},{"text":"primary","start":1752.31,"end":1752.79},{"text":"obligations,","start":1752.79,"end":1753.83},{"text":"in","start":1754.55,"end":1754.71},{"text":"other","start":1754.71,"end":1754.87},{"text":"words,","start":1754.87,"end":1755.27},{"text":"the","start":1755.35,"end":1755.51},{"text":"standard","start":1755.51,"end":1755.99},{"text":"of","start":1755.99,"end":1756.15},{"text":"conduct","start":1756.15,"end":1756.71},{"text":"conception","start":1756.87,"end":1757.51},{"text":"of","start":1757.51,"end":1757.59},{"text":"due","start":1757.59,"end":1757.75},{"text":"diligence.","start":1757.75,"end":1758.47}]},{"text":"It would also be useful to gain views on the general program of work for the topic, including addressing the relationship between due diligence and the customary international law rules on state responsibility.","start":1759.91,"end":1773.19,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"It","start":1759.91,"end":1760.03},{"text":"would","start":1760.03,"end":1760.19},{"text":"also","start":1760.19,"end":1760.47},{"text":"be","start":1760.47,"end":1760.63},{"text":"useful","start":1760.63,"end":1761.27},{"text":"to","start":1761.27,"end":1761.39},{"text":"gain","start":1761.39,"end":1761.75},{"text":"views","start":1761.75,"end":1762.31},{"text":"on","start":1762.31,"end":1762.47},{"text":"the","start":1762.47,"end":1762.63},{"text":"general","start":1762.63,"end":1763.11},{"text":"program","start":1763.11,"end":1763.51},{"text":"of","start":1763.51,"end":1763.67},{"text":"work","start":1763.67,"end":1764.07},{"text":"for","start":1764.23,"end":1764.43},{"text":"the","start":1764.43,"end":1764.55},{"text":"topic,","start":1764.55,"end":1765.03},{"text":"including","start":1765.75,"end":1766.39},{"text":"addressing","start":1766.39,"end":1767.03},{"text":"the","start":1767.11,"end":1767.23},{"text":"relationship","start":1767.23,"end":1767.99},{"text":"between","start":1767.99,"end":1768.43},{"text":"due","start":1768.43,"end":1768.63},{"text":"diligence","start":1768.63,"end":1769.35},{"text":"and","start":1769.35,"end":1769.51},{"text":"the","start":1769.51,"end":1769.59},{"text":"customary","start":1769.59,"end":1770.11},{"text":"international","start":1770.11,"end":1770.75},{"text":"law","start":1770.75,"end":1770.87},{"text":"rules","start":1770.87,"end":1771.43},{"text":"on","start":1771.43,"end":1771.67},{"text":"state","start":1771.67,"end":1771.99},{"text":"responsibility.","start":1772.15,"end":1773.19}]},{"text":"Most importantly, I would refer delegates to chapter three of the ILC's annual report.","start":1774.87,"end":1780.95,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Most","start":1774.87,"end":1775.19},{"text":"importantly,","start":1775.19,"end":1776.15},{"text":"I","start":1776.39,"end":1776.63},{"text":"would","start":1776.63,"end":1776.87},{"text":"refer","start":1776.87,"end":1777.35},{"text":"delegates","start":1777.35,"end":1777.91},{"text":"to","start":1777.91,"end":1778.07},{"text":"chapter","start":1778.07,"end":1778.47},{"text":"three","start":1778.47,"end":1779.03},{"text":"of","start":1779.11,"end":1779.23},{"text":"the","start":1779.23,"end":1779.31},{"text":"ILC's","start":1779.35,"end":1779.99},{"text":"annual","start":1779.99,"end":1780.35},{"text":"report.","start":1780.35,"end":1780.95}]},{"text":"This requests additional state practice, national jurisprudence, national legislation, and treaties and instruments with provisions on due diligence.","start":1782.15,"end":1792.31,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":1782.15,"end":1782.47},{"text":"requests","start":1782.47,"end":1783.11},{"text":"additional","start":1783.43,"end":1783.99},{"text":"state","start":1783.99,"end":1784.31},{"text":"practice,","start":1784.31,"end":1785.03},{"text":"national","start":1785.03,"end":1785.59},{"text":"jurisprudence,","start":1785.59,"end":1786.79},{"text":"national","start":1786.95,"end":1787.39},{"text":"legislation,","start":1787.39,"end":1788.31},{"text":"and","start":1788.87,"end":1789.07},{"text":"treaties","start":1789.07,"end":1789.59},{"text":"and","start":1789.59,"end":1789.79},{"text":"instruments","start":1789.79,"end":1790.47},{"text":"with","start":1790.47,"end":1790.71},{"text":"provisions","start":1790.71,"end":1791.35},{"text":"on","start":1791.35,"end":1791.47},{"text":"due","start":1791.47,"end":1791.67},{"text":"diligence.","start":1791.67,"end":1792.31}]},{"text":"So this will be crucial to ground the second report in state practice and opinio juris.","start":1793.59,"end":1799.59,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":1793.59,"end":1793.79},{"text":"this","start":1793.79,"end":1794.07},{"text":"will","start":1794.07,"end":1794.23},{"text":"be","start":1794.23,"end":1794.47},{"text":"crucial","start":1794.47,"end":1795.03},{"text":"to","start":1795.35,"end":1795.51},{"text":"ground","start":1795.51,"end":1796.07},{"text":"the","start":1796.07,"end":1796.15},{"text":"second","start":1796.15,"end":1796.63},{"text":"report","start":1796.63,"end":1797.43},{"text":"in","start":1797.43,"end":1797.67},{"text":"state","start":1797.67,"end":1797.91},{"text":"practice","start":1797.91,"end":1798.55},{"text":"and","start":1798.55,"end":1798.71},{"text":"opinio","start":1798.71,"end":1799.07},{"text":"juris.","start":1799.15,"end":1799.59}]},{"text":"So I would very much welcome contributions of such examples of state practice and the views of states by the deadline of 1 December.","start":1801.27,"end":1809.83,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":1801.27,"end":1801.43},{"text":"I","start":1801.43,"end":1801.59},{"text":"would","start":1801.59,"end":1801.83},{"text":"very","start":1801.83,"end":1802.07},{"text":"much","start":1802.07,"end":1802.31},{"text":"welcome","start":1802.31,"end":1802.95},{"text":"contributions","start":1802.95,"end":1803.83},{"text":"of","start":1803.87,"end":1803.99},{"text":"such","start":1804.07,"end":1804.39},{"text":"examples","start":1804.39,"end":1805.03},{"text":"of","start":1805.07,"end":1805.19},{"text":"state","start":1805.19,"end":1805.43},{"text":"practice","start":1805.43,"end":1806.07},{"text":"and","start":1806.23,"end":1806.39},{"text":"the","start":1806.39,"end":1806.47},{"text":"views","start":1806.47,"end":1806.83},{"text":"of","start":1806.83,"end":1806.95},{"text":"states","start":1806.95,"end":1807.51},{"text":"by","start":1807.59,"end":1807.83},{"text":"the","start":1807.83,"end":1807.91},{"text":"deadline","start":1807.99,"end":1808.63},{"text":"of","start":1808.67,"end":1808.79},{"text":"1","start":1808.79,"end":1809.15},{"text":"December.","start":1809.15,"end":1809.83}]},{"text":"However, I appreciate, coming from a small state myself, that it is not always possible to submit written examples, especially for very small delegations.","start":1811.11,"end":1822.07,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"However,","start":1811.11,"end":1811.67},{"text":"I","start":1811.67,"end":1811.83},{"text":"appreciate,","start":1811.83,"end":1812.63},{"text":"coming","start":1812.63,"end":1812.91},{"text":"from","start":1812.91,"end":1813.11},{"text":"a","start":1813.11,"end":1813.19},{"text":"small","start":1813.43,"end":1813.83},{"text":"state","start":1813.83,"end":1814.15},{"text":"myself,","start":1814.23,"end":1814.95},{"text":"that","start":1815.51,"end":1815.67},{"text":"it","start":1815.67,"end":1815.75},{"text":"is","start":1815.75,"end":1815.99},{"text":"not","start":1815.99,"end":1816.23},{"text":"always","start":1816.23,"end":1816.71},{"text":"possible","start":1816.71,"end":1817.43},{"text":"to","start":1817.43,"end":1817.55},{"text":"submit","start":1817.55,"end":1817.91},{"text":"written","start":1817.91,"end":1818.35},{"text":"examples,","start":1818.35,"end":1819.11},{"text":"especially","start":1819.67,"end":1820.15},{"text":"for","start":1820.15,"end":1820.47},{"text":"very","start":1820.47,"end":1820.79},{"text":"small","start":1820.79,"end":1821.11},{"text":"delegations.","start":1821.11,"end":1822.07}]},{"text":"I would therefore be very happy to talk individually with states if that would be easier.","start":1823.19,"end":1828.87,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":1823.19,"end":1823.35},{"text":"would","start":1823.35,"end":1823.47},{"text":"therefore","start":1823.47,"end":1823.91},{"text":"be","start":1823.91,"end":1824.07},{"text":"very","start":1824.07,"end":1824.31},{"text":"happy","start":1824.31,"end":1824.79},{"text":"to","start":1824.87,"end":1825.27},{"text":"talk","start":1825.27,"end":1825.43},{"text":"individually","start":1825.43,"end":1826.31},{"text":"with","start":1826.39,"end":1826.63},{"text":"states","start":1826.63,"end":1827.19},{"text":"if","start":1827.59,"end":1827.83},{"text":"that","start":1827.83,"end":1827.99},{"text":"would","start":1827.99,"end":1828.15},{"text":"be","start":1828.15,"end":1828.43},{"text":"easier.","start":1828.43,"end":1828.87}]},{"text":"So please, reach out to me if that is something you would like to pursue.","start":1830.23,"end":1834.71,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":1830.23,"end":1830.39},{"text":"please,","start":1830.39,"end":1830.95},{"text":"reach","start":1831.19,"end":1831.51},{"text":"out","start":1831.51,"end":1831.71},{"text":"to","start":1831.71,"end":1831.79},{"text":"me","start":1831.79,"end":1832.23},{"text":"if","start":1832.23,"end":1832.39},{"text":"that","start":1832.39,"end":1832.63},{"text":"is","start":1832.63,"end":1832.75},{"text":"something","start":1832.75,"end":1833.27},{"text":"you","start":1833.27,"end":1833.47},{"text":"would","start":1833.47,"end":1833.63},{"text":"like","start":1833.63,"end":1833.91},{"text":"to","start":1833.91,"end":1834.07},{"text":"pursue.","start":1834.07,"end":1834.71}]},{"text":"So thank you very much for your attention.","start":1835.99,"end":1837.99,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":1835.99,"end":1836.23},{"text":"thank","start":1836.23,"end":1836.47},{"text":"you","start":1836.47,"end":1836.55},{"text":"very","start":1836.55,"end":1836.71},{"text":"much","start":1836.71,"end":1837.03},{"text":"for","start":1837.03,"end":1837.19},{"text":"your","start":1837.19,"end":1837.31},{"text":"attention.","start":1837.31,"end":1837.99}]},{"text":"I look forward to hearing your views on the debate on the topic in cluster three.","start":1838.23,"end":1843.83,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":1838.23,"end":1838.39},{"text":"look","start":1838.43,"end":1838.63},{"text":"forward","start":1838.63,"end":1838.91},{"text":"to","start":1838.91,"end":1838.99},{"text":"hearing","start":1838.99,"end":1839.35},{"text":"your","start":1839.35,"end":1839.55},{"text":"views","start":1839.55,"end":1840.07},{"text":"on","start":1840.15,"end":1840.35},{"text":"the","start":1840.35,"end":1840.47},{"text":"debate","start":1840.47,"end":1840.95},{"text":"on","start":1841.75,"end":1841.99},{"text":"the","start":1841.99,"end":1842.15},{"text":"topic","start":1842.15,"end":1842.71},{"text":"in","start":1842.79,"end":1843.03},{"text":"cluster","start":1843.03,"end":1843.47},{"text":"three.","start":1843.47,"end":1843.83}]},{"text":"Thank you very much.","start":1844.15,"end":1845.03,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":1844.15,"end":1844.35},{"text":"you","start":1844.35,"end":1844.43},{"text":"very","start":1844.43,"end":1844.63},{"text":"much.","start":1844.63,"end":1845.03}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"ILC","group":null,"function":"Special Rapporteur on due diligence in international law","affiliation_full":"ILC"}},{"statement_number":8,"start":1848.15,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c6/81/34?lang=en&t=30:49","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you.","start":1848.15,"end":1848.55,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":1848.15,"end":1848.39},{"text":"you.","start":1848.39,"end":1848.55}]},{"text":"On behalf of the Sixth Committee, I wish to express our gratitude to you, dear Ms. Ridings.","start":1848.67,"end":1854.87,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"On","start":1848.67,"end":1848.79},{"text":"behalf","start":1848.79,"end":1848.99},{"text":"of","start":1848.99,"end":1849.19},{"text":"the","start":1849.19,"end":1849.31},{"text":"Sixth","start":1849.59,"end":1849.87},{"text":"Committee,","start":1849.87,"end":1850.39},{"text":"I","start":1850.47,"end":1850.55},{"text":"wish","start":1850.55,"end":1850.79},{"text":"to","start":1850.79,"end":1850.91},{"text":"express","start":1850.91,"end":1851.43},{"text":"our","start":1851.43,"end":1851.51},{"text":"gratitude","start":1851.67,"end":1852.31},{"text":"to","start":1852.71,"end":1852.95},{"text":"you,","start":1853.43,"end":1853.67},{"text":"dear","start":1853.67,"end":1853.95},{"text":"Ms.","start":1853.95,"end":1854.31},{"text":"Ridings.","start":1854.31,"end":1854.87}]},{"text":"and for your hard work, and I would like to wish you a safe journey back home, and I would like to encourage all the colleagues, we just heard the appeal, to submit your ideas and your proposals so that the work could be completed 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you so much for being with us, Ms. Ridings.","start":1870.99,"end":1873.79,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":1870.99,"end":1871.19},{"text":"you","start":1871.19,"end":1871.27},{"text":"so","start":1871.27,"end":1871.35},{"text":"much","start":1871.35,"end":1871.59},{"text":"for","start":1871.59,"end":1871.83},{"text":"being","start":1871.99,"end":1872.31},{"text":"with","start":1872.31,"end":1872.47},{"text":"us,","start":1872.47,"end":1872.71},{"text":"Ms.","start":1873.11,"end":1873.43},{"text":"Ridings.","start":1873.43,"end":1873.79}]},{"text":"So now I would like to continue our debate, and I wish to give the floor to the distinguished representative of France.","start":1876.31,"end":1884.71,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":1876.31,"end":1876.55},{"text":"now","start":1876.55,"end":1876.71},{"text":"I","start":1876.79,"end":1876.87},{"text":"would","start":1876.87,"end":1877.03},{"text":"like","start":1877.03,"end":1877.31},{"text":"to","start":1877.31,"end":1877.59},{"text":"continue","start":1877.59,"end":1878.23},{"text":"our","start":1878.43,"end":1878.71},{"text":"debate,","start":1879.51,"end":1880.07},{"text":"and","start":1880.15,"end":1880.55},{"text":"I","start":1880.63,"end":1880.79},{"text":"wish","start":1880.79,"end":1881.03},{"text":"to","start":1881.03,"end":1881.19},{"text":"give","start":1881.19,"end":1881.43},{"text":"the","start":1881.43,"end":1881.55},{"text":"floor","start":1881.55,"end":1881.99},{"text":"to","start":1881.99,"end":1882.07},{"text":"the","start":1882.07,"end":1882.15},{"text":"distinguished","start":1882.15,"end":1882.71},{"text":"representative","start":1882.95,"end":1883.67},{"text":"of","start":1883.75,"end":1883.99},{"text":"France.","start":1884.15,"end":1884.71}]},{"text":"Please, you have the floor.","start":1884.91,"end":1885.67,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Please,","start":1884.91,"end":1885.11},{"text":"you","start":1885.11,"end":1885.19},{"text":"have","start":1885.19,"end":1885.31},{"text":"the","start":1885.31,"end":1885.39},{"text":"floor.","start":1885.43,"end":1885.67}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"6th Committee","group":"6th Committee","function":"Chair","affiliation_full":"6th Committee"}},{"statement_number":9,"start":1888.43,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c6/81/34?lang=en&t=31:29","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you very much, Mr. Chairman.","start":1888.43,"end":1890.95,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":1888.43,"end":1888.59},{"text":"you","start":1888.87,"end":1888.95},{"text":"very","start":1889.67,"end":1890.03},{"text":"much,","start":1890.03,"end":1890.27},{"text":"Mr.","start":1890.27,"end":1890.55},{"text":"Chairman.","start":1890.55,"end":1890.95}]},{"text":"Sir, I will begin my statement on this second cluster by bringing up the subject related to the subsidiary means of determination of the rules of international law.","start":1891.67,"end":1905.03,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. 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would like to congratulate the Special Rapporteur, Mr. Jalou, for the adoption on the first reading of the entire set of draft conclusions and their 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delegation has taken note of the conveying of this text to the States and the invitation extended to them to communicate to the Secretary-General their comments and observations by 1 December 2027.","start":1915.75,"end":1929.59,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"My","start":1915.75,"end":1915.91},{"text":"delegation","start":1915.91,"end":1916.55},{"text":"has","start":1916.55,"end":1916.95},{"text":"taken","start":1916.95,"end":1917.47},{"text":"note","start":1917.47,"end":1917.83},{"text":"of","start":1918.11,"end":1918.31},{"text":"the","start":1918.31,"end":1918.43},{"text":"conveying","start":1918.43,"end":1918.83},{"text":"of","start":1918.83,"end":1918.91},{"text":"this","start":1918.91,"end":1919.11},{"text":"text","start":1919.11,"end":1919.55},{"text":"to","start":1919.55,"end":1919.67},{"text":"the","start":1919.67,"end":1919.79},{"text":"States","start":1919.79,"end":1920.31},{"text":"and","start":1920.79,"end":1921.11},{"text":"the","start":1921.11,"end":1921.19},{"text":"invitation","start":1921.19,"end":1921.79},{"text":"extended","start":1921.79,"end":1922.15},{"text":"to","start":1922.15,"end":1922.31},{"text":"them","start":1922.31,"end":1922.55},{"text":"to","start":1923.19,"end":1923.59},{"text":"communicate","start":1923.75,"end":1924.31},{"text":"to","start":1924.87,"end":1925.03},{"text":"the","start":1925.03,"end":1925.15},{"text":"Secretary-General","start":1925.15,"end":1925.91},{"text":"their","start":1925.91,"end":1926.07},{"text":"comments","start":1926.07,"end":1926.39},{"text":"and","start":1926.39,"end":1926.51},{"text":"observations","start":1926.51,"end":1927.19},{"text":"by","start":1927.19,"end":1927.35},{"text":"1","start":1927.35,"end":1927.47},{"text":"December","start":1927.47,"end":1928.23},{"text":"2027.","start":1928.23,"end":1929.59}]},{"text":"Notwithstanding the comments and observations which will be formulated by France within that framework, I would like to make the following three comments.","start":1931.27,"end":1938.07,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Notwithstanding","start":1931.27,"end":1931.99},{"text":"the","start":1931.99,"end":1932.07},{"text":"comments","start":1932.07,"end":1932.35},{"text":"and","start":1932.35,"end":1932.47},{"text":"observations","start":1932.47,"end":1933.03},{"text":"which","start":1933.03,"end":1933.27},{"text":"will","start":1933.27,"end":1933.39},{"text":"be","start":1933.39,"end":1933.51},{"text":"formulated","start":1933.51,"end":1934.07},{"text":"by","start":1934.07,"end":1934.23},{"text":"France","start":1934.23,"end":1934.71},{"text":"within","start":1934.87,"end":1935.19},{"text":"that","start":1935.19,"end":1935.31},{"text":"framework,","start":1935.31,"end":1935.75},{"text":"I","start":1935.75,"end":1935.99},{"text":"would","start":1935.99,"end":1936.11},{"text":"like","start":1936.11,"end":1936.31},{"text":"to","start":1936.31,"end":1936.39},{"text":"make","start":1936.39,"end":1936.55},{"text":"the","start":1936.55,"end":1936.63},{"text":"following","start":1936.63,"end":1937.11},{"text":"three","start":1937.11,"end":1937.43},{"text":"comments.","start":1937.43,"end":1938.07}]},{"text":"The first concerns draft conclusion number five, concerning decisions of international jurisdictions, in particular those of the International Court of Justice.","start":1939.15,"end":1948.51,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. Discussion focused on assessing their weight, maintaining representativeness, distinguishing legal analysis from political positions, and avoiding a system of binding judicial precedent."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1939.15,"end":1939.27},{"text":"first","start":1939.27,"end":1939.47},{"text":"concerns","start":1939.47,"end":1939.95},{"text":"draft","start":1939.95,"end":1940.51},{"text":"conclusion","start":1940.51,"end":1941.03},{"text":"number","start":1941.03,"end":1941.27},{"text":"five,","start":1941.27,"end":1941.63},{"text":"concerning","start":1942.35,"end":1942.83},{"text":"decisions","start":1942.91,"end":1943.79},{"text":"of","start":1943.79,"end":1944.03},{"text":"international","start":1944.03,"end":1944.67},{"text":"jurisdictions,","start":1944.67,"end":1945.55},{"text":"in","start":1945.79,"end":1945.91},{"text":"particular","start":1945.91,"end":1946.51},{"text":"those","start":1946.67,"end":1946.99},{"text":"of","start":1946.99,"end":1947.07},{"text":"the","start":1947.07,"end":1947.19},{"text":"International","start":1947.19,"end":1947.67},{"text":"Court","start":1947.67,"end":1947.87},{"text":"of","start":1947.87,"end":1947.95},{"text":"Justice.","start":1947.95,"end":1948.51}]},{"text":"These decisions are presented as a subsidiary mean, which is legally accurate.","start":1950.11,"end":1955.31,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. Discussion focused on assessing their weight, maintaining representativeness, distinguishing legal analysis from political positions, and avoiding a system of binding judicial precedent."}],"words":[{"text":"These","start":1950.11,"end":1950.51},{"text":"decisions","start":1950.51,"end":1951.11},{"text":"are","start":1951.11,"end":1951.19},{"text":"presented","start":1951.19,"end":1951.71},{"text":"as","start":1951.71,"end":1952.03},{"text":"a","start":1952.03,"end":1952.07},{"text":"subsidiary","start":1952.07,"end":1952.83},{"text":"mean,","start":1952.83,"end":1953.23},{"text":"which","start":1953.47,"end":1953.71},{"text":"is","start":1953.71,"end":1953.87},{"text":"legally","start":1953.87,"end":1954.35},{"text":"accurate.","start":1954.75,"end":1955.31}]},{"text":"Having said that, even though we have taken note of the reference in Article 94 in the Charter on the comment on draft conclusion five, We feel it's timely to point out in the draft conclusion itself that these decisions are, first of all, legally binding for the parties to the dispute before the Court.","start":1956.67,"end":1976.87,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. 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Discussion focused on assessing their weight, maintaining representativeness, distinguishing legal analysis from political positions, and avoiding a system of binding judicial precedent."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2003.87,"end":2003.99},{"text":"second","start":2003.99,"end":2004.43},{"text":"comment","start":2004.43,"end":2004.91},{"text":"concerns","start":2005.23,"end":2005.87},{"text":"doctrine","start":2005.87,"end":2006.43},{"text":"and","start":2006.43,"end":2006.63},{"text":"draft","start":2006.63,"end":2006.83},{"text":"conclusion","start":2006.83,"end":2007.31},{"text":"8.","start":2007.31,"end":2007.55}]},{"text":"My delegation approves the approach chosen within this text, and we are pleased to see that the diversity of language is taken into account to determine representation and therefore the authority which is attached to this subsidiary mean.","start":2008.27,"end":2022.43,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. Discussion focused on assessing their weight, maintaining representativeness, distinguishing legal analysis from political positions, and avoiding a system of binding judicial precedent."}],"words":[{"text":"My","start":2008.27,"end":2008.43},{"text":"delegation","start":2008.43,"end":2009.07},{"text":"approves","start":2009.07,"end":2009.63},{"text":"the","start":2009.87,"end":2009.99},{"text":"approach","start":2010.03,"end":2010.51},{"text":"chosen","start":2010.83,"end":2011.39},{"text":"within","start":2011.63,"end":2011.91},{"text":"this","start":2011.91,"end":2012.03},{"text":"text,","start":2012.03,"end":2012.35},{"text":"and","start":2012.35,"end":2012.55},{"text":"we","start":2012.55,"end":2012.75},{"text":"are","start":2012.75,"end":2012.91},{"text":"pleased","start":2013.55,"end":2013.79},{"text":"to","start":2013.79,"end":2013.91},{"text":"see","start":2013.91,"end":2014.11},{"text":"that","start":2014.11,"end":2014.35},{"text":"the","start":2014.35,"end":2014.47},{"text":"diversity","start":2014.47,"end":2014.95},{"text":"of","start":2014.95,"end":2015.03},{"text":"language","start":2015.03,"end":2015.39},{"text":"is","start":2015.39,"end":2015.47},{"text":"taken","start":2015.47,"end":2015.75},{"text":"into","start":2015.75,"end":2015.91},{"text":"account","start":2015.91,"end":2016.47},{"text":"to","start":2016.47,"end":2016.59},{"text":"determine","start":2016.59,"end":2017.07},{"text":"representation","start":2017.07,"end":2017.95},{"text":"and","start":2018.11,"end":2018.27},{"text":"therefore","start":2018.27,"end":2018.59},{"text":"the","start":2018.59,"end":2018.71},{"text":"authority","start":2018.71,"end":2019.31},{"text":"which","start":2019.71,"end":2020.03},{"text":"is","start":2020.03,"end":2020.43},{"text":"attached","start":2020.43,"end":2020.95},{"text":"to","start":2020.95,"end":2021.03},{"text":"this","start":2021.03,"end":2021.39},{"text":"subsidiary","start":2021.55,"end":2022.11},{"text":"mean.","start":2022.11,"end":2022.43}]},{"text":"And lastly, my third observation deals with the resolutions of international organizations and of intergovernmental conferences, which are tackled in draft conclusions 12 and 13.","start":2024.39,"end":2036.47,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. 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delegation will make written observations which are more detailed on all of these points, and we'd like to thank once again the Special Rapporteur, Mr. Gello, for the important work he has done on this 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I will now come to the subject, the settlement of disputes to which international organizations are 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delegation has taken note of the invitation, which is extended to the States to convey their comments and observations on this draft by 1 December 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believe that the draft directives do seem quite balanced.","start":2119.07,"end":2123.39,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":2119.07,"end":2119.27},{"text":"believe","start":2119.27,"end":2119.63},{"text":"that","start":2119.63,"end":2119.79},{"text":"the","start":2119.79,"end":2119.91},{"text":"draft","start":2120.03,"end":2120.51},{"text":"directives","start":2120.51,"end":2121.23},{"text":"do","start":2121.95,"end":2122.19},{"text":"seem","start":2122.19,"end":2122.43},{"text":"quite","start":2122.43,"end":2122.75},{"text":"balanced.","start":2122.75,"end":2123.39}]},{"text":"However, the way in which we tackle the question of immunities which international organizations enjoy could lead to a certain number of questions.","start":2123.39,"end":2132.19,"topics":[{"key":"international-organization-disputes","label":"Dispute Settlement Involving International Organizations","description":"Speakers discussed guidelines for resolving disputes involving international organizations, 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Views differed on the Commission’s decision to discontinue the topic, with some supporting caution and others emphasizing unresolved succession issues and the need for further legal guidance."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":2190.23,"end":2190.35},{"text":"lastly,","start":2190.35,"end":2190.79},{"text":"my","start":2190.79,"end":2190.95},{"text":"delegation","start":2190.95,"end":2191.47},{"text":"has","start":2191.47,"end":2191.59},{"text":"taken","start":2191.59,"end":2192.03},{"text":"note","start":2192.03,"end":2192.47},{"text":"of","start":2192.71,"end":2192.79},{"text":"the","start":2192.79,"end":2192.91},{"text":"fact","start":2192.91,"end":2193.27},{"text":"that","start":2193.27,"end":2193.51},{"text":"on","start":2194.07,"end":2194.23},{"text":"the","start":2194.23,"end":2194.35},{"text":"succession","start":2194.47,"end":2195.03},{"text":"of","start":2195.03,"end":2195.11},{"text":"States","start":2195.11,"end":2195.47},{"text":"and","start":2195.47,"end":2195.59},{"text":"matter","start":2195.59,"end":2195.91},{"text":"of","start":2195.91,"end":2195.99},{"text":"States'","start":2195.99,"end":2196.31},{"text":"responsibility,","start":2196.31,"end":2197.27},{"text":"the","start":2197.75,"end":2197.91},{"text":"Commission","start":2197.91,"end":2198.27},{"text":"decided","start":2198.27,"end":2198.79},{"text":"to","start":2198.79,"end":2198.99},{"text":"not","start":2199.35,"end":2199.67},{"text":"continue","start":2199.67,"end":2200.47},{"text":"their","start":2200.71,"end":2201.03},{"text":"study","start":2201.03,"end":2201.31},{"text":"of","start":2201.31,"end":2201.39},{"text":"this","start":2201.39,"end":2201.63},{"text":"subject.","start":2201.63,"end":2202.07}]},{"text":"While paying tribute for the important work done on this subject by Special Rapporteur Pavel Sturma, my delegation believes that the decision taken by the Commission is a wise one because the intent is to streamline its work.","start":2204.63,"end":2219.15,"topics":[{"key":"state-succession-responsibility","label":"State Succession and State Responsibility","description":"Delegations considered whether and how responsibility for internationally wrongful acts carries over following State succession, noting limited, diverse, and context-specific State practice. 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you very much, Mr. Chairman.","start":2219.31,"end":2220.83,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":2219.31,"end":2219.51},{"text":"you","start":2219.51,"end":2219.59},{"text":"very","start":2219.59,"end":2219.79},{"text":"much,","start":2219.79,"end":2220.11},{"text":"Mr.","start":2220.11,"end":2220.43},{"text":"Chairman.","start":2220.43,"end":2220.83}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"FRA","group":null,"function":null,"affiliation_full":"France"}},{"statement_number":10,"start":2227.33,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c6/81/34?lang=en&t=37:08","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I would like to thank the distinguished representative of 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will address two topics today: subsidiary means for the determination of rules of international law, and settlement of disputes to which international organizations are parties.","start":2249.43,"end":2259.67,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. 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Discussion focused on assessing their weight, maintaining representativeness, distinguishing legal analysis from political positions, and avoiding a system of binding judicial precedent."}],"words":[{"text":"There","start":2423.75,"end":2423.91},{"text":"needs","start":2423.91,"end":2424.23},{"text":"to","start":2424.23,"end":2424.35},{"text":"be","start":2424.35,"end":2424.47},{"text":"more","start":2424.47,"end":2424.79},{"text":"direct","start":2424.79,"end":2425.35},{"text":"evidence","start":2425.35,"end":2425.99},{"text":"that","start":2426.07,"end":2426.27},{"text":"the","start":2426.27,"end":2426.39},{"text":"state","start":2426.39,"end":2426.79},{"text":"or","start":2426.79,"end":2426.95},{"text":"states","start":2426.95,"end":2427.39},{"text":"specifically","start":2427.39,"end":2428.15},{"text":"accept","start":2428.15,"end":2428.87},{"text":"the","start":2428.87,"end":2428.95},{"text":"legal","start":2428.95,"end":2429.27},{"text":"character","start":2429.27,"end":2429.91},{"text":"of","start":2429.91,"end":2430.07},{"text":"such","start":2430.07,"end":2430.39},{"text":"propositions.","start":2430.39,"end":2431.27}]},{"text":"I turn next to the topic of settlement of disputes to which international organizations are parties, the draft guidelines and commentaries having been adopted on first reading.","start":2432.99,"end":2442.19,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":2432.99,"end":2433.07},{"text":"turn","start":2433.07,"end":2433.43},{"text":"next","start":2433.43,"end":2433.71},{"text":"to","start":2433.71,"end":2433.79},{"text":"the","start":2433.79,"end":2433.91},{"text":"topic","start":2433.91,"end":2434.35},{"text":"of","start":2434.35,"end":2434.43},{"text":"settlement","start":2434.43,"end":2434.91},{"text":"of","start":2434.91,"end":2434.99},{"text":"disputes","start":2434.99,"end":2435.55},{"text":"to","start":2435.55,"end":2435.63},{"text":"which","start":2435.63,"end":2435.87},{"text":"international","start":2435.87,"end":2436.59},{"text":"organizations","start":2436.59,"end":2437.47},{"text":"are","start":2437.47,"end":2437.55},{"text":"parties,","start":2437.55,"end":2438.19},{"text":"the","start":2438.59,"end":2438.71},{"text":"draft","start":2438.71,"end":2438.99},{"text":"guidelines","start":2438.99,"end":2439.59},{"text":"and","start":2439.59,"end":2439.71},{"text":"commentaries","start":2439.71,"end":2440.27},{"text":"having","start":2440.27,"end":2440.75},{"text":"been","start":2440.75,"end":2440.91},{"text":"adopted","start":2440.91,"end":2441.39},{"text":"on","start":2441.39,"end":2441.55},{"text":"first","start":2441.55,"end":2441.87},{"text":"reading.","start":2441.87,"end":2442.19}]},{"text":"We appreciate that the Commission addressed certain of our concerns, but we continue to have some concerns about the approach in draft guidelines 9 through 12, which are elaborated further in our full statement.","start":2443.31,"end":2455.15,"topics":[{"key":"international-organization-disputes","label":"Dispute Settlement Involving International Organizations","description":"Speakers discussed guidelines for resolving disputes involving international organizations, States, and private parties, particularly the relationship between organizational immunity and effective access to justice. 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They considered the choice of judicial and alternative settlement mechanisms, party autonomy, power imbalances, and safeguards for impartiality and due process."}],"words":[{"text":"Relatedly,","start":2472.59,"end":2473.39},{"text":"whether","start":2473.39,"end":2473.87},{"text":"such","start":2473.87,"end":2474.07},{"text":"immunity","start":2474.07,"end":2474.67},{"text":"serves","start":2474.67,"end":2474.99},{"text":"the","start":2474.99,"end":2475.15},{"text":"purpose","start":2475.15,"end":2475.59},{"text":"of","start":2475.59,"end":2475.71},{"text":"ensuring","start":2475.71,"end":2476.27},{"text":"its","start":2476.27,"end":2476.43},{"text":"independent","start":2476.43,"end":2477.07},{"text":"functioning","start":2477.07,"end":2477.87},{"text":"is","start":2477.87,"end":2478.07},{"text":"irrelevant.","start":2478.07,"end":2478.67}]},{"text":"We therefore recommend deleting the clause serving the purpose of ensuring the independent and effective performance of their functions.","start":2479.15,"end":2486.03,"topics":[{"key":"international-organization-disputes","label":"Dispute Settlement Involving International Organizations","description":"Speakers discussed guidelines for resolving disputes involving international organizations, States, and private parties, particularly the relationship between organizational immunity and effective access to justice. 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They considered the choice of judicial and alternative settlement mechanisms, party autonomy, power imbalances, and safeguards for impartiality and due process."}],"words":[{"text":"Insofar","start":2487.71,"end":2488.47},{"text":"as","start":2488.47,"end":2488.59},{"text":"draft","start":2488.59,"end":2488.91},{"text":"guidelines","start":2488.91,"end":2489.55},{"text":"9","start":2489.55,"end":2489.95},{"text":"through","start":2489.95,"end":2490.19},{"text":"12","start":2490.19,"end":2490.91},{"text":"invoke","start":2490.91,"end":2491.51},{"text":"a","start":2491.51,"end":2491.55},{"text":"right","start":2491.55,"end":2491.99},{"text":"to","start":2491.99,"end":2492.07},{"text":"access","start":2492.07,"end":2492.59},{"text":"to","start":2492.59,"end":2492.71},{"text":"justice","start":2492.71,"end":2493.35},{"text":"and","start":2493.35,"end":2493.51},{"text":"human","start":2493.51,"end":2493.87},{"text":"rights","start":2493.87,"end":2494.11},{"text":"more","start":2494.11,"end":2494.35},{"text":"generally.","start":2494.35,"end":2495.07}]},{"text":"We are concerned that such language advances an overly expansive interpretation of human rights and the obligations that states have under international human rights law treaties.","start":2495.55,"end":2508.19,"topics":[{"key":"international-organization-disputes","label":"Dispute Settlement Involving International Organizations","description":"Speakers discussed guidelines for resolving disputes involving international organizations, States, and private parties, particularly the relationship between organizational immunity and effective access to justice. They considered the choice of judicial and alternative settlement mechanisms, party autonomy, power imbalances, and safeguards for impartiality and due process."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":2495.55,"end":2495.67},{"text":"are","start":2495.67,"end":2495.79},{"text":"concerned","start":2495.79,"end":2496.35},{"text":"that","start":2496.35,"end":2496.51},{"text":"such","start":2496.51,"end":2496.83},{"text":"language","start":2496.83,"end":2497.39},{"text":"advances","start":2497.39,"end":2498.27},{"text":"an","start":2498.27,"end":2498.43},{"text":"overly","start":2498.43,"end":2498.91},{"text":"expansive","start":2498.91,"end":2499.87},{"text":"interpretation","start":2499.87,"end":2500.71},{"text":"of","start":2500.71,"end":2500.83},{"text":"human","start":2500.83,"end":2501.15},{"text":"rights","start":2501.15,"end":2501.63},{"text":"and","start":2501.63,"end":2501.79},{"text":"the","start":2501.79,"end":2501.91},{"text":"obligations","start":2501.91,"end":2502.67},{"text":"that","start":2502.67,"end":2502.83},{"text":"states","start":2502.83,"end":2503.39},{"text":"have","start":2503.43,"end":2503.55},{"text":"under","start":2503.63,"end":2504.71},{"text":"international","start":2504.83,"end":2506.75},{"text":"human","start":2506.75,"end":2507.07},{"text":"rights","start":2507.07,"end":2507.35},{"text":"law","start":2507.35,"end":2507.47},{"text":"treaties.","start":2507.47,"end":2508.19}]},{"text":"While the United States is a strong defender of fair trials and promoting access to justice, we reiterate our longstanding position that there is no freestanding general right to access to justice.","start":2508.99,"end":2521.47,"topics":[{"key":"international-organization-disputes","label":"Dispute Settlement Involving International Organizations","description":"Speakers discussed guidelines for resolving disputes involving international organizations, States, and private parties, particularly the relationship between organizational immunity and effective access to justice. They considered the choice of judicial and alternative settlement mechanisms, party autonomy, power imbalances, and safeguards for impartiality and due process."}],"words":[{"text":"While","start":2508.99,"end":2509.23},{"text":"the","start":2509.23,"end":2509.35},{"text":"United","start":2509.35,"end":2509.75},{"text":"States","start":2509.75,"end":2510.11},{"text":"is","start":2510.11,"end":2510.31},{"text":"a","start":2510.31,"end":2510.35},{"text":"strong","start":2510.35,"end":2510.71},{"text":"defender","start":2510.71,"end":2511.31},{"text":"of","start":2511.31,"end":2511.47},{"text":"fair","start":2511.47,"end":2511.71},{"text":"trials","start":2511.71,"end":2512.27},{"text":"and","start":2512.27,"end":2512.47},{"text":"promoting","start":2512.47,"end":2512.99},{"text":"access","start":2512.99,"end":2513.39},{"text":"to","start":2513.39,"end":2513.47},{"text":"justice,","start":2513.47,"end":2514.27},{"text":"we","start":2514.75,"end":2514.99},{"text":"reiterate","start":2514.99,"end":2515.71},{"text":"our","start":2515.71,"end":2515.87},{"text":"longstanding","start":2515.87,"end":2516.59},{"text":"position","start":2516.59,"end":2517.31},{"text":"that","start":2517.31,"end":2517.47},{"text":"there","start":2517.47,"end":2517.67},{"text":"is","start":2517.67,"end":2517.87},{"text":"no","start":2517.87,"end":2518.03},{"text":"freestanding","start":2518.03,"end":2518.83},{"text":"general","start":2518.83,"end":2519.47},{"text":"right","start":2519.47,"end":2519.99},{"text":"to","start":2519.99,"end":2520.11},{"text":"access","start":2520.11,"end":2520.67},{"text":"to","start":2520.67,"end":2520.79},{"text":"justice.","start":2520.79,"end":2521.47}]},{"text":"Rather, there are a number of human rights that reinforce and support access to justice, but they are distinct rights and apply in particular situations.","start":2522.15,"end":2531.51,"topics":[{"key":"international-organization-disputes","label":"Dispute Settlement Involving International Organizations","description":"Speakers discussed guidelines for resolving disputes involving international organizations, States, and private parties, particularly the relationship between organizational immunity and effective access to justice. They considered the choice of judicial and alternative settlement mechanisms, party autonomy, power imbalances, and safeguards for impartiality and due process."}],"words":[{"text":"Rather,","start":2522.15,"end":2522.55},{"text":"there","start":2522.55,"end":2522.75},{"text":"are","start":2522.75,"end":2522.83},{"text":"a","start":2522.83,"end":2522.87},{"text":"number","start":2522.87,"end":2523.23},{"text":"of","start":2523.23,"end":2523.35},{"text":"human","start":2523.35,"end":2523.67},{"text":"rights","start":2523.67,"end":2524.11},{"text":"that","start":2524.11,"end":2524.27},{"text":"reinforce","start":2524.27,"end":2525.11},{"text":"and","start":2525.11,"end":2525.35},{"text":"support","start":2525.35,"end":2525.87},{"text":"access","start":2525.87,"end":2526.39},{"text":"to","start":2526.39,"end":2526.51},{"text":"justice,","start":2526.51,"end":2527.19},{"text":"but","start":2527.51,"end":2527.63},{"text":"they","start":2527.63,"end":2527.79},{"text":"are","start":2527.79,"end":2527.91},{"text":"distinct","start":2527.91,"end":2528.55},{"text":"rights","start":2528.55,"end":2529.11},{"text":"and","start":2529.11,"end":2529.31},{"text":"apply","start":2529.31,"end":2529.67},{"text":"in","start":2529.67,"end":2529.87},{"text":"particular","start":2529.87,"end":2530.47},{"text":"situations.","start":2530.47,"end":2531.51}]},{"text":"They do not apply to all matters involving trials and justice.","start":2532.07,"end":2535.99,"topics":[{"key":"international-organization-disputes","label":"Dispute Settlement Involving International Organizations","description":"Speakers discussed guidelines for resolving disputes involving international organizations, States, and private parties, particularly the relationship between organizational immunity and effective access to justice. They considered the choice of judicial and alternative settlement mechanisms, party autonomy, power imbalances, and safeguards for impartiality and due process."}],"words":[{"text":"They","start":2532.07,"end":2532.23},{"text":"do","start":2532.23,"end":2532.47},{"text":"not","start":2532.47,"end":2532.63},{"text":"apply","start":2532.63,"end":2533.03},{"text":"to","start":2533.03,"end":2533.27},{"text":"all","start":2533.27,"end":2533.51},{"text":"matters","start":2533.51,"end":2534.03},{"text":"involving","start":2534.03,"end":2534.63},{"text":"trials","start":2534.63,"end":2535.19},{"text":"and","start":2535.19,"end":2535.39},{"text":"justice.","start":2535.39,"end":2535.99}]},{"text":"Indeed, neither the UDHR nor the ICCPR asserts a general right to access to justice for all disputes, and reducing the array of rights that touch on access to justice to a simplistic framing mischaracterizes human rights.","start":2536.67,"end":2552.91,"topics":[{"key":"international-organization-disputes","label":"Dispute Settlement Involving International Organizations","description":"Speakers discussed guidelines for resolving disputes involving international organizations, States, and private parties, particularly the relationship between organizational immunity and effective access to justice. 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on this point of the agenda, the delegation will focus its statement on two topics of particular interest: Article 6, subsidiary means for the determination of the rules of international law; and 7, settlement of disputes to which international organizations are 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respect to subsidiary means for The subsidiary means, we recognize the work done by Commissioner Jallow and the drafting committee of the committee on this topic.","start":2697.95,"end":2711.07,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. 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Discussion focused on assessing their weight, maintaining representativeness, distinguishing legal analysis from political positions, and avoiding a system of binding judicial precedent."}],"words":[{"text":"However,","start":2790.19,"end":2790.67},{"text":"it's","start":2790.83,"end":2791.23},{"text":"necessary","start":2791.23,"end":2791.71},{"text":"to","start":2791.71,"end":2791.83},{"text":"carry","start":2791.83,"end":2792.11},{"text":"out","start":2792.11,"end":2792.35},{"text":"a","start":2792.35,"end":2792.43},{"text":"broader","start":2792.43,"end":2792.83},{"text":"effort","start":2792.83,"end":2793.39},{"text":"in","start":2793.55,"end":2793.79},{"text":"order","start":2793.79,"end":2794.03},{"text":"to","start":2794.35,"end":2794.67},{"text":"make","start":2795.95,"end":2796.19},{"text":"more","start":2796.19,"end":2796.35},{"text":"visible","start":2796.35,"end":2796.75},{"text":"opinions","start":2796.75,"end":2797.27},{"text":"of","start":2797.27,"end":2797.47},{"text":"national","start":2797.71,"end":2798.11},{"text":"sentences","start":2798.11,"end":2798.59},{"text":"and","start":2798.59,"end":2799.15},{"text":"transnational","start":2799.91,"end":2800.51},{"text":"doctrines,","start":2800.51,"end":2800.87},{"text":"especially","start":2800.87,"end":2801.27},{"text":"those","start":2801.27,"end":2801.47},{"text":"that","start":2801.47,"end":2801.59},{"text":"come","start":2801.59,"end":2801.71},{"text":"from","start":2801.71,"end":2801.87},{"text":"countries","start":2801.87,"end":2802.31},{"text":"that","start":2802.63,"end":2802.83},{"text":"traditionally","start":2802.83,"end":2803.35},{"text":"have","start":2803.51,"end":2803.67},{"text":"had","start":2803.67,"end":2803.91},{"text":"less","start":2804.07,"end":2804.55},{"text":"of","start":2804.55,"end":2804.63},{"text":"an","start":2804.63,"end":2804.71},{"text":"ability","start":2804.71,"end":2805.19},{"text":"to","start":2805.19,"end":2805.35},{"text":"develop","start":2805.35,"end":2805.91},{"text":"this","start":2805.91,"end":2806.15},{"text":"type","start":2806.15,"end":2806.55},{"text":"of","start":2806.99,"end":2807.07},{"text":"exercise","start":2807.07,"end":2807.75},{"text":"and","start":2807.75,"end":2807.91},{"text":"pedagogical","start":2807.91,"end":2808.63},{"text":"tools","start":2808.63,"end":2809.11},{"text":"and","start":2809.11,"end":2809.35},{"text":"research","start":2809.35,"end":2809.67},{"text":"tools.","start":2809.67,"end":2810.07}]},{"text":"Similarly, it would be appropriate to explore technological mechanisms that would facilitate its translation, dissemination, and access so that these resources could be available for all states.","start":2811.75,"end":2822.71,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. 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They considered the choice of judicial and alternative settlement mechanisms, party autonomy, power imbalances, and safeguards for impartiality and due process."}],"words":[{"text":"With","start":2824.51,"end":2824.83},{"text":"respect","start":2824.83,"end":2825.39},{"text":"to","start":2825.63,"end":2825.83},{"text":"the","start":2825.83,"end":2825.99},{"text":"topic,","start":2825.99,"end":2826.51},{"text":"the","start":2826.75,"end":2827.03},{"text":"settlement","start":2827.07,"end":2827.63},{"text":"of","start":2827.87,"end":2827.95},{"text":"disputes","start":2827.95,"end":2828.51},{"text":"to","start":2828.51,"end":2828.67},{"text":"which","start":2828.67,"end":2828.99},{"text":"international","start":2828.99,"end":2829.51},{"text":"organizations","start":2829.51,"end":2830.11},{"text":"are","start":2830.11,"end":2830.19},{"text":"parties,","start":2830.19,"end":2830.59},{"text":"Guatemala","start":2830.79,"end":2831.19},{"text":"would","start":2831.19,"end":2831.31},{"text":"like","start":2831.31,"end":2831.43},{"text":"to","start":2831.43,"end":2831.51},{"text":"reiterate","start":2831.51,"end":2832.03},{"text":"its","start":2832.03,"end":2832.43},{"text":"congratulations","start":2832.43,"end":2833.15},{"text":"for","start":2833.15,"end":2833.31},{"text":"the","start":2833.31,"end":2833.39},{"text":"work","start":2833.39,"end":2833.63},{"text":"done","start":2833.63,"end":2834.03},{"text":"by","start":2834.03,"end":2834.35},{"text":"Commissioner","start":2834.35,"end":2834.83},{"text":"August","start":2834.83,"end":2835.23},{"text":"Reinisch.","start":2835.23,"end":2835.63}]},{"text":"And on this topic, Guatemala feels it's necessary to go further in the analysis of the resolution of labor conflicts between international organizations and citizens of the countries in which the organizations operate.","start":2836.71,"end":2851.15,"topics":[{"key":"international-organization-disputes","label":"Dispute Settlement Involving International Organizations","description":"Speakers discussed guidelines for resolving disputes involving international organizations, States, and private parties, particularly the relationship between organizational immunity and effective access to justice. They considered the choice of judicial and alternative settlement mechanisms, party autonomy, power imbalances, and safeguards for impartiality and due process."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":2836.71,"end":2836.83},{"text":"on","start":2836.83,"end":2836.91},{"text":"this","start":2836.91,"end":2837.07},{"text":"topic,","start":2837.07,"end":2837.55},{"text":"Guatemala","start":2837.71,"end":2838.19},{"text":"feels","start":2838.19,"end":2838.47},{"text":"it's","start":2838.47,"end":2838.71},{"text":"necessary","start":2838.71,"end":2839.07},{"text":"to","start":2839.07,"end":2839.23},{"text":"go","start":2839.23,"end":2839.43},{"text":"further","start":2839.43,"end":2839.75},{"text":"in","start":2839.75,"end":2839.83},{"text":"the","start":2839.83,"end":2839.91},{"text":"analysis","start":2839.91,"end":2840.51},{"text":"of","start":2840.79,"end":2840.99},{"text":"the","start":2841.39,"end":2841.67},{"text":"resolution","start":2841.87,"end":2842.47},{"text":"of","start":2842.47,"end":2842.59},{"text":"labor","start":2842.67,"end":2842.99},{"text":"conflicts","start":2842.99,"end":2843.47},{"text":"between","start":2843.95,"end":2844.35},{"text":"international","start":2844.35,"end":2844.95},{"text":"organizations","start":2844.95,"end":2845.63},{"text":"and","start":2845.63,"end":2845.91},{"text":"citizens","start":2845.91,"end":2846.27},{"text":"of","start":2846.27,"end":2846.35},{"text":"the","start":2846.35,"end":2846.43},{"text":"countries","start":2846.43,"end":2846.91},{"text":"in","start":2846.91,"end":2847.03},{"text":"which","start":2847.79,"end":2848.27},{"text":"the","start":2848.75,"end":2848.99},{"text":"organizations","start":2849.87,"end":2850.59},{"text":"operate.","start":2850.59,"end":2851.15}]},{"text":"As in the previous paragraph, Guatemala would present its observations and comments to the draft directives on the 1st of December 2027.","start":2851.79,"end":2860.75,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"As","start":2851.79,"end":2851.95},{"text":"in","start":2851.95,"end":2852.03},{"text":"the","start":2852.03,"end":2852.11},{"text":"previous","start":2852.11,"end":2852.39},{"text":"paragraph,","start":2852.39,"end":2852.79},{"text":"Guatemala","start":2853.27,"end":2853.71},{"text":"would","start":2853.71,"end":2853.83},{"text":"present","start":2853.83,"end":2854.19},{"text":"its","start":2854.19,"end":2854.43},{"text":"observations","start":2854.43,"end":2854.87},{"text":"and","start":2854.87,"end":2854.99},{"text":"comments","start":2854.99,"end":2855.39},{"text":"to","start":2856.11,"end":2856.31},{"text":"the","start":2856.31,"end":2856.39},{"text":"draft","start":2856.39,"end":2856.91},{"text":"directives","start":2857.39,"end":2858.11},{"text":"on","start":2858.75,"end":2858.99},{"text":"the","start":2858.99,"end":2859.07},{"text":"1st","start":2859.07,"end":2859.31},{"text":"of","start":2859.31,"end":2859.39},{"text":"December","start":2859.39,"end":2859.79},{"text":"2027.","start":2859.79,"end":2860.75}]},{"text":"The immunities and privileges of the international bodies have taken on particular importance in recent years, including in Guatemala.","start":2861.31,"end":2868.51,"topics":[{"key":"international-organization-disputes","label":"Dispute Settlement Involving International Organizations","description":"Speakers discussed guidelines for resolving disputes involving international organizations, States, and private parties, particularly the relationship between organizational immunity and effective access to justice. They considered the choice of judicial and alternative settlement mechanisms, party autonomy, power imbalances, and safeguards for impartiality and due process."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2861.31,"end":2861.43},{"text":"immunities","start":2861.43,"end":2861.83},{"text":"and","start":2861.83,"end":2861.95},{"text":"privileges","start":2861.95,"end":2862.47},{"text":"of","start":2862.47,"end":2862.55},{"text":"the","start":2862.59,"end":2862.67},{"text":"international","start":2862.75,"end":2863.27},{"text":"bodies","start":2863.27,"end":2863.51},{"text":"have","start":2863.51,"end":2863.63},{"text":"taken","start":2863.63,"end":2863.87},{"text":"on","start":2863.87,"end":2863.95},{"text":"particular","start":2863.95,"end":2864.39},{"text":"importance","start":2864.39,"end":2864.71},{"text":"in","start":2864.71,"end":2864.79},{"text":"recent","start":2864.79,"end":2865.11},{"text":"years,","start":2865.11,"end":2865.47},{"text":"including","start":2867.55,"end":2867.95},{"text":"in","start":2867.95,"end":2868.03},{"text":"Guatemala.","start":2868.03,"end":2868.51}]},{"text":"We feel it's positive to see the existence of differentiated guidelines for the disputes between international organizations and states, on the one hand, and international organizations and private individuals on the other.","start":2868.99,"end":2881.47,"topics":[{"key":"international-organization-disputes","label":"Dispute Settlement Involving International Organizations","description":"Speakers discussed guidelines for resolving disputes involving international organizations, States, and private parties, particularly the relationship between organizational immunity and effective access to justice. They considered the choice of judicial and alternative settlement mechanisms, party autonomy, power imbalances, and safeguards for impartiality and due process."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":2868.99,"end":2869.23},{"text":"feel","start":2869.23,"end":2869.39},{"text":"it's","start":2869.39,"end":2869.71},{"text":"positive","start":2869.71,"end":2870.19},{"text":"to","start":2870.19,"end":2870.27},{"text":"see","start":2870.27,"end":2870.39},{"text":"the","start":2870.39,"end":2870.47},{"text":"existence","start":2870.47,"end":2870.99},{"text":"of","start":2871.07,"end":2871.31},{"text":"differentiated","start":2871.31,"end":2871.95},{"text":"guidelines","start":2871.95,"end":2872.43},{"text":"for","start":2872.59,"end":2872.83},{"text":"the","start":2872.83,"end":2872.95},{"text":"disputes","start":2872.95,"end":2873.47},{"text":"between","start":2873.47,"end":2873.87},{"text":"international","start":2873.87,"end":2874.43},{"text":"organizations","start":2874.43,"end":2875.11},{"text":"and","start":2875.11,"end":2875.23},{"text":"states,","start":2875.23,"end":2875.71},{"text":"on","start":2876.47,"end":2876.59},{"text":"the","start":2876.59,"end":2876.67},{"text":"one","start":2876.67,"end":2876.83},{"text":"hand,","start":2876.83,"end":2877.07},{"text":"and","start":2877.07,"end":2877.31},{"text":"international","start":2877.31,"end":2877.91},{"text":"organizations","start":2877.91,"end":2878.67},{"text":"and","start":2878.91,"end":2879.39},{"text":"private","start":2880.19,"end":2880.51},{"text":"individuals","start":2880.51,"end":2880.99},{"text":"on","start":2880.99,"end":2881.07},{"text":"the","start":2881.07,"end":2881.19},{"text":"other.","start":2881.19,"end":2881.47}]},{"text":"However, the comments corresponding to draft directives 7 and 11 do not go far enough in the labour conflicts which could emerge between international organizations and local contracts.","start":2882.67,"end":2894.91,"topics":[{"key":"international-organization-disputes","label":"Dispute Settlement Involving International Organizations","description":"Speakers discussed guidelines for resolving disputes involving international organizations, States, and private parties, particularly the relationship between organizational immunity and effective access to justice. 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Discussion focused on assessing their weight, maintaining representativeness, distinguishing legal analysis from political positions, and avoiding a system of binding judicial precedent."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3030.99,"end":3031.15},{"text":"also","start":3031.15,"end":3031.47},{"text":"commend","start":3031.47,"end":3032.03},{"text":"the","start":3032.03,"end":3032.11},{"text":"Commission","start":3032.11,"end":3032.75},{"text":"for","start":3032.75,"end":3032.91},{"text":"the","start":3032.91,"end":3033.03},{"text":"conclusion","start":3033.03,"end":3033.63},{"text":"of","start":3033.63,"end":3033.71},{"text":"the","start":3033.71,"end":3033.87},{"text":"first","start":3033.87,"end":3034.19},{"text":"reading","start":3034.19,"end":3034.51},{"text":"of","start":3034.51,"end":3034.67},{"text":"this","start":3034.67,"end":3034.91},{"text":"topic.","start":3034.91,"end":3035.27}]},{"text":"While we will reflect further on the outcome with the aim to submitting our views in time for the second reading, we would like at this point to put forward a few observations.","start":3035.83,"end":3045.07,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. 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the perspective of the second reading, we intend to submit further views on the matter.","start":3219.59,"end":3223.83,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":3219.59,"end":3219.79},{"text":"the","start":3219.79,"end":3219.91},{"text":"perspective","start":3219.91,"end":3220.47},{"text":"of","start":3220.47,"end":3220.55},{"text":"the","start":3220.55,"end":3220.67},{"text":"second","start":3220.67,"end":3221.03},{"text":"reading,","start":3221.03,"end":3221.51},{"text":"we","start":3221.51,"end":3221.71},{"text":"intend","start":3221.71,"end":3222.11},{"text":"to","start":3222.11,"end":3222.19},{"text":"submit","start":3222.19,"end":3222.55},{"text":"further","start":3222.55,"end":3222.87},{"text":"views","start":3222.87,"end":3223.19},{"text":"on","start":3223.19,"end":3223.27},{"text":"the","start":3223.27,"end":3223.43},{"text":"matter.","start":3223.43,"end":3223.83}]},{"text":"Mr. Chair, moving to chapter 7, Romania would like to thank the Special Rapporteur, Mr. August Reinisch, for his work on the topic \"Settlement of disputes to which international organizations are parties\".","start":3224.79,"end":3235.83,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":3224.79,"end":3225.27},{"text":"Chair,","start":3225.27,"end":3225.67},{"text":"moving","start":3225.83,"end":3226.15},{"text":"to","start":3226.15,"end":3226.31},{"text":"chapter","start":3226.31,"end":3226.71},{"text":"7,","start":3226.71,"end":3227.19},{"text":"Romania","start":3227.19,"end":3227.59},{"text":"would","start":3227.59,"end":3227.75},{"text":"like","start":3227.75,"end":3228.03},{"text":"to","start":3228.03,"end":3228.19},{"text":"thank","start":3228.19,"end":3228.47},{"text":"the","start":3228.47,"end":3228.55},{"text":"Special","start":3228.55,"end":3228.87},{"text":"Rapporteur,","start":3228.87,"end":3229.51},{"text":"Mr.","start":3229.51,"end":3229.99},{"text":"August","start":3229.99,"end":3230.43},{"text":"Reinisch,","start":3230.43,"end":3230.95},{"text":"for","start":3230.95,"end":3231.19},{"text":"his","start":3231.19,"end":3231.43},{"text":"work","start":3231.43,"end":3231.67},{"text":"on","start":3231.67,"end":3231.79},{"text":"the","start":3231.79,"end":3231.91},{"text":"topic","start":3231.91,"end":3232.31},{"text":"\"Settlement","start":3232.31,"end":3232.83},{"text":"of","start":3232.83,"end":3232.95},{"text":"disputes","start":3232.95,"end":3233.51},{"text":"to","start":3233.51,"end":3233.59},{"text":"which","start":3233.59,"end":3233.83},{"text":"international","start":3233.83,"end":3234.39},{"text":"organizations","start":3234.39,"end":3235.19},{"text":"are","start":3235.19,"end":3235.35},{"text":"parties\".","start":3235.35,"end":3235.83}]},{"text":"The quality of his three reports has enabled the ILC to bring to a successful conclusion its first reading of the draft guidelines on settlement of disputes to which international organizations are 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the purposes of this intervention, we will limit the observations to the issue of disputes between international organizations and private parties, as it was the focus of the Special Rapporteur's third report and was discussed broadly in 2026.","start":3248.07,"end":3264.23,"topics":[{"key":"international-organization-disputes","label":"Dispute Settlement Involving International Organizations","description":"Speakers discussed guidelines for resolving disputes involving international organizations, States, and private parties, particularly the relationship between organizational immunity and effective access to justice. They considered the choice of judicial and alternative settlement mechanisms, party autonomy, power imbalances, and safeguards for impartiality and due process."}],"words":[{"text":"For","start":3248.07,"end":3248.31},{"text":"the","start":3248.31,"end":3248.43},{"text":"purposes","start":3248.43,"end":3248.91},{"text":"of","start":3248.91,"end":3249.03},{"text":"this","start":3249.03,"end":3249.27},{"text":"intervention,","start":3249.27,"end":3250.03},{"text":"we","start":3250.03,"end":3250.15},{"text":"will","start":3250.15,"end":3250.31},{"text":"limit","start":3250.31,"end":3250.79},{"text":"the","start":3250.79,"end":3250.87},{"text":"observations","start":3250.87,"end":3251.83},{"text":"to","start":3251.83,"end":3251.91},{"text":"the","start":3251.91,"end":3251.99},{"text":"issue","start":3251.99,"end":3252.39},{"text":"of","start":3252.39,"end":3252.63},{"text":"disputes","start":3252.63,"end":3253.11},{"text":"between","start":3253.11,"end":3253.39},{"text":"international","start":3253.39,"end":3253.95},{"text":"organizations","start":3253.95,"end":3254.87},{"text":"and","start":3254.87,"end":3255.19},{"text":"private","start":3255.19,"end":3255.63},{"text":"parties,","start":3255.63,"end":3256.15},{"text":"as","start":3256.71,"end":3256.95},{"text":"it","start":3256.95,"end":3257.03},{"text":"was","start":3257.03,"end":3257.27},{"text":"the","start":3257.27,"end":3257.35},{"text":"focus","start":3257.35,"end":3257.83},{"text":"of","start":3257.83,"end":3257.99},{"text":"the","start":3257.99,"end":3258.07},{"text":"Special","start":3258.07,"end":3258.39},{"text":"Rapporteur's","start":3258.39,"end":3259.19},{"text":"third","start":3259.19,"end":3259.51},{"text":"report","start":3259.51,"end":3260.07},{"text":"and","start":3260.07,"end":3260.23},{"text":"was","start":3260.23,"end":3260.43},{"text":"discussed","start":3260.43,"end":3261.19},{"text":"broadly","start":3261.35,"end":3261.99},{"text":"in","start":3262.87,"end":3263.11},{"text":"2026.","start":3263.11,"end":3264.23}]},{"text":"As a general remark, we find the last five guidelines proposed to be reflective of the principles and rules of international law relevant for the settlement of disputes which may arise between international organizations and private persons.","start":3265.19,"end":3280.31,"topics":[{"key":"international-organization-disputes","label":"Dispute Settlement Involving International Organizations","description":"Speakers discussed guidelines for resolving disputes involving international organizations, States, and private parties, particularly the relationship between organizational immunity and effective access to justice. They considered the choice of judicial and alternative settlement mechanisms, party autonomy, power imbalances, and safeguards for impartiality and due process."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":3265.19,"end":3265.39},{"text":"a","start":3265.39,"end":3265.43},{"text":"general","start":3265.43,"end":3265.83},{"text":"remark,","start":3265.83,"end":3266.47},{"text":"we","start":3266.71,"end":3266.87},{"text":"find","start":3266.87,"end":3267.15},{"text":"the","start":3267.15,"end":3267.23},{"text":"last","start":3267.23,"end":3267.59},{"text":"five","start":3267.59,"end":3267.83},{"text":"guidelines","start":3267.83,"end":3268.47},{"text":"proposed","start":3268.47,"end":3269.07},{"text":"to","start":3269.07,"end":3269.19},{"text":"be","start":3269.19,"end":3269.51},{"text":"reflective","start":3269.51,"end":3270.71},{"text":"of","start":3270.79,"end":3270.95},{"text":"the","start":3270.95,"end":3271.11},{"text":"principles","start":3271.11,"end":3271.91},{"text":"and","start":3271.91,"end":3272.19},{"text":"rules","start":3272.19,"end":3272.55},{"text":"of","start":3272.55,"end":3272.67},{"text":"international","start":3272.71,"end":3273.55},{"text":"law","start":3273.55,"end":3273.75},{"text":"relevant","start":3274.23,"end":3274.87},{"text":"for","start":3274.87,"end":3275.03},{"text":"the","start":3275.03,"end":3275.15},{"text":"settlement","start":3275.15,"end":3275.67},{"text":"of","start":3275.67,"end":3275.83},{"text":"disputes","start":3275.83,"end":3276.31},{"text":"which","start":3276.31,"end":3276.55},{"text":"may","start":3276.55,"end":3276.71},{"text":"arise","start":3276.71,"end":3277.19},{"text":"between","start":3277.19,"end":3277.55},{"text":"international","start":3277.55,"end":3278.11},{"text":"organizations","start":3278.11,"end":3279.03},{"text":"and","start":3279.03,"end":3279.31},{"text":"private","start":3279.31,"end":3279.71},{"text":"persons.","start":3279.71,"end":3280.31}]},{"text":"Nevertheless, we believe that the draft guidelines might benefit from further refining and completion, in particular in order to better reflect the comprehensive findings in the report.","start":3281.19,"end":3292.07,"topics":[{"key":"international-organization-disputes","label":"Dispute Settlement Involving International Organizations","description":"Speakers discussed guidelines for resolving disputes involving international organizations, States, and private parties, particularly the relationship between organizational immunity and effective access to justice. They considered the choice of judicial and alternative settlement mechanisms, party autonomy, power imbalances, and safeguards for impartiality and due process."}],"words":[{"text":"Nevertheless,","start":3281.19,"end":3282.07},{"text":"we","start":3282.31,"end":3282.47},{"text":"believe","start":3282.47,"end":3282.95},{"text":"that","start":3282.95,"end":3283.19},{"text":"the","start":3283.19,"end":3283.31},{"text":"draft","start":3283.31,"end":3283.67},{"text":"guidelines","start":3283.67,"end":3284.31},{"text":"might","start":3284.31,"end":3284.55},{"text":"benefit","start":3284.55,"end":3285.11},{"text":"from","start":3285.11,"end":3285.35},{"text":"further","start":3285.35,"end":3285.71},{"text":"refining","start":3285.71,"end":3286.39},{"text":"and","start":3286.63,"end":3286.87},{"text":"completion,","start":3286.87,"end":3287.59},{"text":"in","start":3287.59,"end":3287.75},{"text":"particular","start":3287.75,"end":3288.47},{"text":"in","start":3288.47,"end":3288.55},{"text":"order","start":3288.55,"end":3288.95},{"text":"to","start":3288.95,"end":3289.07},{"text":"better","start":3289.07,"end":3289.39},{"text":"reflect","start":3289.39,"end":3289.83},{"text":"the","start":3289.83,"end":3289.95},{"text":"comprehensive","start":3289.95,"end":3290.63},{"text":"findings","start":3290.63,"end":3291.23},{"text":"in","start":3291.27,"end":3291.39},{"text":"the","start":3291.39,"end":3291.51},{"text":"report.","start":3291.51,"end":3292.07}]},{"text":"In this regard, we will make few specific remarks.","start":3292.75,"end":3295.55,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":3292.75,"end":3292.99},{"text":"this","start":3292.99,"end":3293.15},{"text":"regard,","start":3293.15,"end":3293.71},{"text":"we","start":3293.71,"end":3293.83},{"text":"will","start":3293.83,"end":3293.99},{"text":"make","start":3293.99,"end":3294.35},{"text":"few","start":3294.35,"end":3294.67},{"text":"specific","start":3294.67,"end":3295.15},{"text":"remarks.","start":3295.15,"end":3295.55}]},{"text":"We commend the inclusion in draft guideline 8 of the recognition of the potential power imbalances between international organizations and private parties.","start":3296.83,"end":3306.35,"topics":[{"key":"international-organization-disputes","label":"Dispute Settlement Involving International Organizations","description":"Speakers discussed guidelines for resolving disputes involving international organizations, States, and private parties, particularly the relationship between organizational immunity and effective access to justice. They considered the choice of judicial and alternative settlement mechanisms, party autonomy, power imbalances, and safeguards for impartiality and due process."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3296.83,"end":3296.99},{"text":"commend","start":3296.99,"end":3297.39},{"text":"the","start":3297.39,"end":3297.47},{"text":"inclusion","start":3297.47,"end":3298.11},{"text":"in","start":3298.11,"end":3298.31},{"text":"draft","start":3298.31,"end":3298.59},{"text":"guideline","start":3298.59,"end":3299.07},{"text":"8","start":3299.07,"end":3299.63},{"text":"of","start":3300.03,"end":3300.19},{"text":"the","start":3300.19,"end":3300.31},{"text":"recognition","start":3300.31,"end":3300.91},{"text":"of","start":3300.91,"end":3301.03},{"text":"the","start":3301.03,"end":3301.15},{"text":"potential","start":3301.15,"end":3301.63},{"text":"power","start":3301.63,"end":3302.03},{"text":"imbalances","start":3302.03,"end":3302.83},{"text":"between","start":3302.83,"end":3303.15},{"text":"international","start":3303.15,"end":3303.75},{"text":"organizations","start":3303.75,"end":3304.75},{"text":"and","start":3304.75,"end":3305.15},{"text":"private","start":3305.23,"end":3305.71},{"text":"parties.","start":3305.71,"end":3306.35}]},{"text":"While private parties will often occupy a weaker position vis-a-vis international organizations.","start":3307.03,"end":3312.27,"topics":[{"key":"international-organization-disputes","label":"Dispute Settlement Involving International Organizations","description":"Speakers discussed guidelines for resolving disputes involving international organizations, States, and private parties, particularly the relationship between organizational immunity and effective access to justice. They considered the choice of judicial and alternative settlement mechanisms, party autonomy, power imbalances, and safeguards for impartiality and due process."}],"words":[{"text":"While","start":3307.03,"end":3307.31},{"text":"private","start":3307.31,"end":3307.71},{"text":"parties","start":3307.71,"end":3308.15},{"text":"will","start":3308.15,"end":3308.35},{"text":"often","start":3308.35,"end":3308.67},{"text":"occupy","start":3308.67,"end":3309.15},{"text":"a","start":3309.15,"end":3309.19},{"text":"weaker","start":3309.19,"end":3309.59},{"text":"position","start":3309.59,"end":3310.19},{"text":"vis-a-vis","start":3310.19,"end":3310.63},{"text":"international","start":3310.63,"end":3311.19},{"text":"organizations.","start":3311.19,"end":3312.27}]},{"text":"Owing to differences in institutional authority, resources, expertise, and bargaining power, the commentary to draft guideline 8 rightly acknowledges that such disparities may vary depending on the nature of the dispute and the parties concerned.","start":3312.75,"end":3328.27,"topics":[{"key":"international-organization-disputes","label":"Dispute Settlement Involving International Organizations","description":"Speakers discussed guidelines for resolving disputes involving international organizations, States, and private parties, particularly the relationship between organizational immunity and effective access to justice. 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They considered the choice of judicial and alternative settlement mechanisms, party autonomy, power imbalances, and safeguards for impartiality and due process."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3329.31,"end":3329.47},{"text":"welcome","start":3329.47,"end":3330.03},{"text":"the","start":3330.03,"end":3330.15},{"text":"calibrated","start":3330.15,"end":3330.75},{"text":"approach","start":3330.75,"end":3331.15},{"text":"contained","start":3331.15,"end":3331.55},{"text":"in","start":3331.55,"end":3331.63},{"text":"draft","start":3331.63,"end":3331.95},{"text":"guidelines","start":3331.95,"end":3332.43},{"text":"9","start":3332.43,"end":3332.75},{"text":"to","start":3332.75,"end":3332.91},{"text":"11,","start":3332.91,"end":3333.55},{"text":"which","start":3333.55,"end":3333.87},{"text":"balances","start":3333.87,"end":3334.51},{"text":"the","start":3334.51,"end":3334.59},{"text":"immunity","start":3334.59,"end":3335.07},{"text":"of","start":3335.07,"end":3335.23},{"text":"international","start":3335.23,"end":3335.83},{"text":"organizations","start":3335.83,"end":3336.59},{"text":"on","start":3336.59,"end":3336.83},{"text":"the","start":3336.83,"end":3336.91},{"text":"one","start":3336.91,"end":3337.15},{"text":"hand","start":3337.15,"end":3337.55},{"text":"with","start":3338.03,"end":3338.31},{"text":"the","start":3338.35,"end":3338.47},{"text":"requirement","start":3338.47,"end":3339.11},{"text":"of","start":3339.11,"end":3339.23},{"text":"access","start":3339.23,"end":3339.63},{"text":"to","start":3339.63,"end":3339.75},{"text":"justice","start":3339.75,"end":3340.27},{"text":"on","start":3340.35,"end":3340.51},{"text":"the","start":3340.51,"end":3340.63},{"text":"other.","start":3340.67,"end":3340.99}]},{"text":"In what regards draft guideline 10, we commend the ILC for addressing the relationship between the immunity of international organizations and the right of private parties to access justice, emphasizing that immunity should not preclude the availability of effective dispute settlement.","start":3341.67,"end":3358.47,"topics":[{"key":"international-organization-disputes","label":"Dispute Settlement Involving International Organizations","description":"Speakers discussed guidelines for resolving disputes involving international organizations, States, and private parties, particularly the relationship between organizational immunity and effective access to justice. 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Chair, this concludes my intervention on cluster two.","start":3445.99,"end":3448.95,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":3445.99,"end":3446.39},{"text":"Chair,","start":3446.39,"end":3446.79},{"text":"this","start":3446.79,"end":3447.03},{"text":"concludes","start":3447.03,"end":3447.43},{"text":"my","start":3447.43,"end":3447.59},{"text":"intervention","start":3447.59,"end":3448.19},{"text":"on","start":3448.19,"end":3448.27},{"text":"cluster","start":3448.27,"end":3448.71},{"text":"two.","start":3448.71,"end":3448.95}]},{"text":"Thank you.","start":3449.19,"end":3449.55,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":3449.19,"end":3449.43},{"text":"you.","start":3449.47,"end":3449.55}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"ROU","group":null,"function":null,"affiliation_full":"Romania"}},{"statement_number":16,"start":3455.03,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c6/81/34?lang=en&t=57:36","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of Romania for her statement, and now I 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completing the first reading of the draft conclusions and their commentary.","start":3489.15,"end":3498.19,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3489.15,"end":3489.31},{"text":"thank","start":3489.31,"end":3489.55},{"text":"the","start":3489.55,"end":3489.67},{"text":"Special","start":3489.67,"end":3490.11},{"text":"Rapporteur,","start":3490.11,"end":3490.83},{"text":"Mr.","start":3490.83,"end":3491.55},{"text":"Charles","start":3491.55,"end":3491.91},{"text":"Gernot","start":3492.07,"end":3492.59},{"text":"Jalloh,","start":3492.59,"end":3493.07},{"text":"and","start":3493.43,"end":3493.59},{"text":"the","start":3493.59,"end":3493.67},{"text":"Commission","start":3493.67,"end":3494.35},{"text":"for","start":3494.35,"end":3494.51},{"text":"completing","start":3494.51,"end":3494.99},{"text":"the","start":3494.99,"end":3495.11},{"text":"first","start":3495.11,"end":3495.55},{"text":"reading","start":3495.55,"end":3495.95},{"text":"of","start":3495.95,"end":3496.11},{"text":"the","start":3496.11,"end":3496.27},{"text":"draft","start":3496.27,"end":3496.55},{"text":"conclusions","start":3496.55,"end":3497.23},{"text":"and","start":3497.23,"end":3497.35},{"text":"their","start":3497.35,"end":3497.47},{"text":"commentary.","start":3497.47,"end":3498.19}]},{"text":"We positively value the comprehensive approach followed throughout the text, which provides an accurate picture of the means used in a subsidiary fashion to determine rules of international law.","start":3499.39,"end":3511.39,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. Discussion focused on assessing their weight, maintaining representativeness, distinguishing legal analysis from political positions, and avoiding a system of binding judicial precedent."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3499.39,"end":3499.59},{"text":"positively","start":3499.59,"end":3500.19},{"text":"value","start":3500.19,"end":3500.59},{"text":"the","start":3500.67,"end":3500.79},{"text":"comprehensive","start":3500.79,"end":3501.51},{"text":"approach","start":3501.51,"end":3502.19},{"text":"followed","start":3502.51,"end":3503.07},{"text":"throughout","start":3503.07,"end":3503.55},{"text":"the","start":3503.55,"end":3503.63},{"text":"text,","start":3503.63,"end":3504.23},{"text":"which","start":3504.23,"end":3504.51},{"text":"provides","start":3504.51,"end":3505.15},{"text":"an","start":3505.15,"end":3505.31},{"text":"accurate","start":3505.31,"end":3505.71},{"text":"picture","start":3505.71,"end":3506.27},{"text":"of","start":3506.59,"end":3506.75},{"text":"the","start":3506.75,"end":3506.83},{"text":"means","start":3506.83,"end":3507.15},{"text":"used","start":3507.15,"end":3507.55},{"text":"in","start":3507.55,"end":3507.79},{"text":"a","start":3507.79,"end":3507.83},{"text":"subsidiary","start":3507.83,"end":3508.43},{"text":"fashion","start":3508.43,"end":3509.07},{"text":"to","start":3509.55,"end":3509.63},{"text":"determine","start":3509.63,"end":3510.11},{"text":"rules","start":3510.11,"end":3510.39},{"text":"of","start":3510.39,"end":3510.51},{"text":"international","start":3510.51,"end":3511.27},{"text":"law.","start":3511.27,"end":3511.39}]},{"text":"We also welcome the explicit recognition in draft conclusion 3 that the determination process includes both the existence and content of rules of international law.","start":3512.35,"end":3522.35,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. Discussion focused on assessing their weight, maintaining representativeness, distinguishing legal analysis from political positions, and avoiding a system of binding judicial precedent."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3512.35,"end":3512.51},{"text":"also","start":3512.51,"end":3512.83},{"text":"welcome","start":3512.83,"end":3513.39},{"text":"the","start":3513.47,"end":3513.67},{"text":"explicit","start":3513.67,"end":3514.35},{"text":"recognition","start":3514.35,"end":3515.15},{"text":"in","start":3515.15,"end":3515.23},{"text":"draft","start":3515.23,"end":3515.47},{"text":"conclusion","start":3515.47,"end":3516.07},{"text":"3","start":3516.07,"end":3516.51},{"text":"that","start":3516.75,"end":3516.95},{"text":"the","start":3516.95,"end":3517.03},{"text":"determination","start":3517.03,"end":3517.71},{"text":"process","start":3517.71,"end":3518.27},{"text":"includes","start":3518.27,"end":3518.75},{"text":"both","start":3518.75,"end":3519.07},{"text":"the","start":3519.23,"end":3519.31},{"text":"existence","start":3519.31,"end":3520.11},{"text":"and","start":3520.11,"end":3520.35},{"text":"content","start":3520.35,"end":3520.95},{"text":"of","start":3520.95,"end":3521.07},{"text":"rules","start":3521.07,"end":3521.35},{"text":"of","start":3521.35,"end":3521.47},{"text":"international","start":3521.47,"end":3522.23},{"text":"law.","start":3522.23,"end":3522.35}]},{"text":"Likewise, we welcome the efforts made to ensure coherence with the work on general principles of law, namely with regard to decisions of courts and tribunals and teachings.","start":3523.67,"end":3534.71,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. Discussion focused on assessing their weight, maintaining representativeness, distinguishing legal analysis from political positions, and avoiding a system of binding judicial precedent."}],"words":[{"text":"Likewise,","start":3523.67,"end":3524.47},{"text":"we","start":3524.63,"end":3524.87},{"text":"welcome","start":3524.87,"end":3525.27},{"text":"the","start":3525.27,"end":3525.35},{"text":"efforts","start":3525.35,"end":3525.83},{"text":"made","start":3525.83,"end":3526.19},{"text":"to","start":3526.19,"end":3526.51},{"text":"ensure","start":3526.55,"end":3526.95},{"text":"coherence","start":3526.95,"end":3527.67},{"text":"with","start":3527.75,"end":3527.95},{"text":"the","start":3527.95,"end":3528.07},{"text":"work","start":3528.07,"end":3528.47},{"text":"on","start":3528.47,"end":3528.71},{"text":"general","start":3528.71,"end":3529.11},{"text":"principles","start":3529.11,"end":3529.83},{"text":"of","start":3529.83,"end":3529.91},{"text":"law,","start":3529.91,"end":3530.15},{"text":"namely","start":3530.63,"end":3531.19},{"text":"with","start":3531.19,"end":3531.43},{"text":"regard","start":3531.43,"end":3531.75},{"text":"to","start":3531.75,"end":3531.91},{"text":"decisions","start":3531.91,"end":3532.51},{"text":"of","start":3532.51,"end":3532.63},{"text":"courts","start":3532.63,"end":3532.95},{"text":"and","start":3532.95,"end":3533.07},{"text":"tribunals","start":3533.07,"end":3533.83},{"text":"and","start":3533.91,"end":3534.11},{"text":"teachings.","start":3534.11,"end":3534.71}]},{"text":"Moving to specific subtopics, on courts, we support draft conclusion 6, stressing the absence of legally binding precedents.","start":3536.47,"end":3545.11,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. Discussion focused on assessing their weight, maintaining representativeness, distinguishing legal analysis from political positions, and avoiding a system of binding judicial precedent."}],"words":[{"text":"Moving","start":3536.47,"end":3536.79},{"text":"to","start":3536.79,"end":3536.91},{"text":"specific","start":3536.91,"end":3537.51},{"text":"subtopics,","start":3537.59,"end":3538.47},{"text":"on","start":3538.71,"end":3538.87},{"text":"courts,","start":3538.87,"end":3539.43},{"text":"we","start":3539.99,"end":3540.15},{"text":"support","start":3540.15,"end":3540.67},{"text":"draft","start":3540.67,"end":3540.91},{"text":"conclusion","start":3540.91,"end":3541.43},{"text":"6,","start":3541.43,"end":3541.99},{"text":"stressing","start":3542.07,"end":3542.71},{"text":"the","start":3542.71,"end":3542.79},{"text":"absence","start":3542.79,"end":3543.35},{"text":"of","start":3543.43,"end":3543.67},{"text":"legally","start":3543.67,"end":3543.99},{"text":"binding","start":3543.99,"end":3544.47},{"text":"precedents.","start":3544.47,"end":3545.11}]},{"text":"We attach great value to the predictability of judicial decisions as a key component of legal certainty.","start":3545.83,"end":3552.55,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. Discussion focused on assessing their weight, maintaining representativeness, distinguishing legal analysis from political positions, and avoiding a system of binding judicial precedent."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3545.83,"end":3546.03},{"text":"attach","start":3546.03,"end":3546.39},{"text":"great","start":3546.39,"end":3546.71},{"text":"value","start":3546.71,"end":3547.27},{"text":"to","start":3547.27,"end":3547.43},{"text":"the","start":3547.43,"end":3547.51},{"text":"predictability","start":3547.51,"end":3548.55},{"text":"of","start":3548.55,"end":3548.71},{"text":"judicial","start":3548.71,"end":3549.19},{"text":"decisions","start":3549.19,"end":3549.83},{"text":"as","start":3550.23,"end":3550.39},{"text":"a","start":3550.39,"end":3550.43},{"text":"key","start":3550.43,"end":3550.63},{"text":"component","start":3550.63,"end":3551.35},{"text":"of","start":3551.35,"end":3551.51},{"text":"legal","start":3551.51,"end":3551.83},{"text":"certainty.","start":3551.83,"end":3552.55}]},{"text":"On the other hand, attention should be paid to the legitimate interest of states in not being affected by decisions settling disputes to which they are not parties.","start":3553.95,"end":3563.27,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. Discussion focused on assessing their weight, maintaining representativeness, distinguishing legal analysis from political positions, and avoiding a system of binding judicial precedent."}],"words":[{"text":"On","start":3553.95,"end":3554.07},{"text":"the","start":3554.07,"end":3554.19},{"text":"other","start":3554.23,"end":3554.43},{"text":"hand,","start":3554.43,"end":3554.87},{"text":"attention","start":3555.19,"end":3555.71},{"text":"should","start":3555.71,"end":3555.91},{"text":"be","start":3555.91,"end":3555.99},{"text":"paid","start":3555.99,"end":3556.27},{"text":"to","start":3556.27,"end":3556.67},{"text":"the","start":3556.71,"end":3556.79},{"text":"legitimate","start":3556.79,"end":3557.43},{"text":"interest","start":3557.43,"end":3557.91},{"text":"of","start":3557.91,"end":3557.99},{"text":"states","start":3557.99,"end":3558.55},{"text":"in","start":3558.55,"end":3558.91},{"text":"not","start":3558.91,"end":3559.11},{"text":"being","start":3559.11,"end":3559.35},{"text":"affected","start":3559.35,"end":3559.99},{"text":"by","start":3559.99,"end":3560.15},{"text":"decisions","start":3560.15,"end":3560.67},{"text":"settling","start":3560.67,"end":3561.19},{"text":"disputes","start":3561.19,"end":3561.83},{"text":"to","start":3561.83,"end":3561.95},{"text":"which","start":3561.95,"end":3562.23},{"text":"they","start":3562.23,"end":3562.35},{"text":"are","start":3562.35,"end":3562.47},{"text":"not","start":3562.47,"end":3562.71},{"text":"parties.","start":3562.71,"end":3563.27}]},{"text":"We concur with recognizing a role for national courts while supporting the reference made in the commentary to the greater weight that should be placed on the decisions of national higher courts.","start":3564.87,"end":3576.23,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. Discussion focused on assessing their weight, maintaining representativeness, distinguishing legal analysis from political positions, and avoiding a system of binding judicial precedent."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3564.87,"end":3565.11},{"text":"concur","start":3565.11,"end":3565.67},{"text":"with","start":3565.67,"end":3565.91},{"text":"recognizing","start":3565.91,"end":3566.71},{"text":"a","start":3566.71,"end":3566.79},{"text":"role","start":3566.79,"end":3567.27},{"text":"for","start":3567.35,"end":3567.59},{"text":"national","start":3567.59,"end":3567.99},{"text":"courts","start":3567.99,"end":3568.55},{"text":"while","start":3568.79,"end":3569.03},{"text":"supporting","start":3569.03,"end":3569.59},{"text":"the","start":3569.59,"end":3569.71},{"text":"reference","start":3569.71,"end":3570.23},{"text":"made","start":3570.23,"end":3570.55},{"text":"in","start":3570.55,"end":3570.63},{"text":"the","start":3570.63,"end":3570.75},{"text":"commentary","start":3570.75,"end":3571.51},{"text":"to","start":3571.83,"end":3571.99},{"text":"the","start":3571.99,"end":3572.11},{"text":"greater","start":3572.11,"end":3572.55},{"text":"weight","start":3572.55,"end":3572.95},{"text":"that","start":3572.95,"end":3573.11},{"text":"should","start":3573.11,"end":3573.31},{"text":"be","start":3573.31,"end":3573.43},{"text":"placed","start":3573.43,"end":3573.79},{"text":"on","start":3573.79,"end":3573.87},{"text":"the","start":3573.87,"end":3573.99},{"text":"decisions","start":3573.99,"end":3574.55},{"text":"of","start":3574.55,"end":3574.71},{"text":"national","start":3574.71,"end":3575.27},{"text":"higher","start":3575.35,"end":3575.75},{"text":"courts.","start":3575.75,"end":3576.23}]},{"text":"As for teachings, we have taken note of the commentary to draft conclusion 9 and encouraged the Commission to provide more examples of the application of general criteria in draft conclusion 4 to assess the weight of teachings absent an ad hoc provision.","start":3577.63,"end":3592.99,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. Discussion focused on assessing their weight, maintaining representativeness, distinguishing legal analysis from political positions, and avoiding a system of binding judicial precedent."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":3577.63,"end":3577.79},{"text":"for","start":3577.79,"end":3577.95},{"text":"teachings,","start":3577.95,"end":3578.59},{"text":"we","start":3578.59,"end":3578.71},{"text":"have","start":3578.71,"end":3578.83},{"text":"taken","start":3578.83,"end":3579.31},{"text":"note","start":3579.31,"end":3579.51},{"text":"of","start":3579.51,"end":3579.63},{"text":"the","start":3579.63,"end":3579.71},{"text":"commentary","start":3579.71,"end":3580.23},{"text":"to","start":3580.23,"end":3580.43},{"text":"draft","start":3580.43,"end":3580.75},{"text":"conclusion","start":3580.75,"end":3581.35},{"text":"9","start":3581.35,"end":3581.87},{"text":"and","start":3581.87,"end":3582.07},{"text":"encouraged","start":3582.07,"end":3582.55},{"text":"the","start":3582.55,"end":3582.63},{"text":"Commission","start":3582.63,"end":3583.31},{"text":"to","start":3583.31,"end":3583.43},{"text":"provide","start":3583.43,"end":3583.87},{"text":"more","start":3583.95,"end":3584.27},{"text":"examples","start":3584.27,"end":3585.15},{"text":"of","start":3585.67,"end":3585.75},{"text":"the","start":3585.75,"end":3585.83},{"text":"application","start":3585.83,"end":3586.47},{"text":"of","start":3586.47,"end":3586.59},{"text":"general","start":3586.59,"end":3586.99},{"text":"criteria","start":3586.99,"end":3587.67},{"text":"in","start":3587.71,"end":3587.87},{"text":"draft","start":3587.87,"end":3588.11},{"text":"conclusion","start":3588.11,"end":3588.67},{"text":"4","start":3588.67,"end":3589.07},{"text":"to","start":3589.47,"end":3589.59},{"text":"assess","start":3589.59,"end":3589.95},{"text":"the","start":3589.95,"end":3590.11},{"text":"weight","start":3590.15,"end":3590.39},{"text":"of","start":3590.39,"end":3590.51},{"text":"teachings","start":3590.51,"end":3591.15},{"text":"absent","start":3591.15,"end":3591.79},{"text":"an","start":3591.79,"end":3591.95},{"text":"ad","start":3591.95,"end":3592.11},{"text":"hoc","start":3592.11,"end":3592.35},{"text":"provision.","start":3592.35,"end":3592.99}]},{"text":"Along the same lines, we stress that further elaboration in the commentary to draft conclusion 12 may help discern the twofold function recognized for resolutions and other texts of international organizations, namely as evidence of the elements of customary international law or general principles of law, and as a subsidiary means.","start":3594.51,"end":3615.39,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. Discussion focused on assessing their weight, maintaining representativeness, distinguishing legal analysis from political positions, and avoiding a system of binding judicial precedent."}],"words":[{"text":"Along","start":3594.51,"end":3594.83},{"text":"the","start":3594.83,"end":3594.91},{"text":"same","start":3594.91,"end":3595.23},{"text":"lines,","start":3595.23,"end":3595.79},{"text":"we","start":3596.03,"end":3596.27},{"text":"stress","start":3596.27,"end":3596.75},{"text":"that","start":3596.83,"end":3597.07},{"text":"further","start":3597.07,"end":3597.51},{"text":"elaboration","start":3597.51,"end":3598.15},{"text":"in","start":3598.15,"end":3598.27},{"text":"the","start":3598.27,"end":3598.35},{"text":"commentary","start":3598.35,"end":3598.99},{"text":"to","start":3598.99,"end":3599.11},{"text":"draft","start":3599.11,"end":3599.43},{"text":"conclusion","start":3599.43,"end":3599.99},{"text":"12","start":3599.99,"end":3600.43},{"text":"may","start":3600.83,"end":3600.99},{"text":"help","start":3600.99,"end":3601.27},{"text":"discern","start":3601.27,"end":3601.79},{"text":"the","start":3601.79,"end":3601.95},{"text":"twofold","start":3601.95,"end":3602.43},{"text":"function","start":3602.43,"end":3602.99},{"text":"recognized","start":3602.99,"end":3603.79},{"text":"for","start":3603.79,"end":3604.03},{"text":"resolutions","start":3604.03,"end":3604.83},{"text":"and","start":3604.83,"end":3605.07},{"text":"other","start":3605.07,"end":3605.35},{"text":"texts","start":3605.35,"end":3605.95},{"text":"of","start":3605.95,"end":3606.11},{"text":"international","start":3606.11,"end":3606.75},{"text":"organizations,","start":3606.75,"end":3607.63},{"text":"namely","start":3608.11,"end":3608.67},{"text":"as","start":3608.75,"end":3608.99},{"text":"evidence","start":3608.99,"end":3609.47},{"text":"of","start":3609.47,"end":3609.71},{"text":"the","start":3609.71,"end":3609.79},{"text":"elements","start":3609.79,"end":3610.19},{"text":"of","start":3610.23,"end":3610.35},{"text":"customary","start":3610.35,"end":3610.79},{"text":"international","start":3610.79,"end":3611.51},{"text":"law","start":3611.51,"end":3611.63},{"text":"or","start":3611.63,"end":3612.03},{"text":"general","start":3612.03,"end":3612.43},{"text":"principles","start":3612.43,"end":3612.99},{"text":"of","start":3612.99,"end":3613.07},{"text":"law,","start":3613.07,"end":3613.39},{"text":"and","start":3613.87,"end":3614.07},{"text":"as","start":3614.07,"end":3614.19},{"text":"a","start":3614.19,"end":3614.23},{"text":"subsidiary","start":3614.23,"end":3614.91},{"text":"means.","start":3614.91,"end":3615.39}]},{"text":"We positively note the mention in the same commentary of the possible political considerations that may influence the drafting and adoption of such texts.","start":3616.95,"end":3625.43,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. Discussion focused on assessing their weight, maintaining representativeness, distinguishing legal analysis from political positions, and avoiding a system of binding judicial precedent."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3616.95,"end":3617.11},{"text":"positively","start":3617.11,"end":3617.67},{"text":"note","start":3617.67,"end":3618.03},{"text":"the","start":3618.03,"end":3618.15},{"text":"mention","start":3618.15,"end":3618.59},{"text":"in","start":3618.59,"end":3618.71},{"text":"the","start":3618.71,"end":3618.79},{"text":"same","start":3618.79,"end":3619.03},{"text":"commentary","start":3619.03,"end":3619.83},{"text":"of","start":3619.83,"end":3619.99},{"text":"the","start":3619.99,"end":3620.07},{"text":"possible","start":3620.07,"end":3620.63},{"text":"political","start":3620.63,"end":3621.19},{"text":"considerations","start":3621.19,"end":3621.99},{"text":"that","start":3621.99,"end":3622.15},{"text":"may","start":3622.15,"end":3622.39},{"text":"influence","start":3622.39,"end":3623.03},{"text":"the","start":3623.03,"end":3623.19},{"text":"drafting","start":3623.19,"end":3623.67},{"text":"and","start":3623.67,"end":3623.83},{"text":"adoption","start":3623.83,"end":3624.31},{"text":"of","start":3624.31,"end":3624.39},{"text":"such","start":3624.39,"end":3624.79},{"text":"texts.","start":3624.79,"end":3625.43}]},{"text":"Similarly, we welcome in the commentary to draft conclusion 13 reference to the modalities of adoption of a resolution as well as its reception as ad hoc criteria to assess the weight of such texts.","start":3626.23,"end":3639.27,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. Discussion focused on assessing their weight, maintaining representativeness, distinguishing legal analysis from political positions, and avoiding a system of binding judicial precedent."}],"words":[{"text":"Similarly,","start":3626.23,"end":3626.95},{"text":"we","start":3627.11,"end":3627.35},{"text":"welcome","start":3627.35,"end":3627.75},{"text":"in","start":3627.75,"end":3627.91},{"text":"the","start":3627.91,"end":3627.99},{"text":"commentary","start":3627.99,"end":3628.63},{"text":"to","start":3628.63,"end":3628.75},{"text":"draft","start":3628.75,"end":3629.03},{"text":"conclusion","start":3629.03,"end":3629.59},{"text":"13","start":3629.59,"end":3630.39},{"text":"reference","start":3630.79,"end":3631.27},{"text":"to","start":3631.27,"end":3631.43},{"text":"the","start":3631.43,"end":3631.51},{"text":"modalities","start":3631.51,"end":3632.19},{"text":"of","start":3632.19,"end":3632.27},{"text":"adoption","start":3632.27,"end":3632.83},{"text":"of","start":3632.83,"end":3632.91},{"text":"a","start":3632.91,"end":3632.95},{"text":"resolution","start":3632.95,"end":3633.75},{"text":"as","start":3633.75,"end":3633.99},{"text":"well","start":3633.99,"end":3634.23},{"text":"as","start":3634.23,"end":3634.47},{"text":"its","start":3634.55,"end":3634.75},{"text":"reception","start":3634.75,"end":3635.51},{"text":"as","start":3636.15,"end":3636.39},{"text":"ad","start":3636.51,"end":3636.71},{"text":"hoc","start":3636.71,"end":3636.83},{"text":"criteria","start":3636.83,"end":3637.35},{"text":"to","start":3637.35,"end":3637.47},{"text":"assess","start":3637.47,"end":3637.83},{"text":"the","start":3637.83,"end":3637.95},{"text":"weight","start":3637.95,"end":3638.35},{"text":"of","start":3638.35,"end":3638.43},{"text":"such","start":3638.43,"end":3638.79},{"text":"texts.","start":3638.79,"end":3639.27}]},{"text":"Mr. Chair, I will now address the topic of settlement of disputes to which international organizations are parties.","start":3640.63,"end":3647.27,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":3640.63,"end":3640.95},{"text":"Chair,","start":3640.95,"end":3641.35},{"text":"I","start":3641.43,"end":3641.59},{"text":"will","start":3641.59,"end":3641.75},{"text":"now","start":3641.75,"end":3641.95},{"text":"address","start":3641.95,"end":3642.31},{"text":"the","start":3642.31,"end":3642.43},{"text":"topic","start":3642.43,"end":3642.95},{"text":"of","start":3642.95,"end":3643.27},{"text":"settlement","start":3643.27,"end":3643.95},{"text":"of","start":3643.95,"end":3644.07},{"text":"disputes","start":3644.07,"end":3644.63},{"text":"to","start":3644.63,"end":3644.75},{"text":"which","start":3644.75,"end":3645.03},{"text":"international","start":3645.03,"end":3645.71},{"text":"organizations","start":3645.71,"end":3646.55},{"text":"are","start":3646.55,"end":3646.63},{"text":"parties.","start":3646.63,"end":3647.27}]},{"text":"We commend the work of the Special Rapporteur, Mr. August Reinich, which we follow with attention in our capacity as host state to several international organizations.","start":3648.55,"end":3659.35,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3648.55,"end":3648.71},{"text":"commend","start":3648.71,"end":3649.07},{"text":"the","start":3649.07,"end":3649.19},{"text":"work","start":3649.19,"end":3649.51},{"text":"of","start":3649.55,"end":3649.75},{"text":"the","start":3649.75,"end":3649.83},{"text":"Special","start":3649.83,"end":3650.23},{"text":"Rapporteur,","start":3650.23,"end":3650.95},{"text":"Mr.","start":3650.95,"end":3651.59},{"text":"August","start":3651.59,"end":3652.07},{"text":"Reinich,","start":3652.07,"end":3652.63},{"text":"which","start":3652.87,"end":3653.47},{"text":"we","start":3653.47,"end":3653.59},{"text":"follow","start":3653.59,"end":3653.87},{"text":"with","start":3653.87,"end":3654.03},{"text":"attention","start":3654.03,"end":3654.71},{"text":"in","start":3654.71,"end":3654.95},{"text":"our","start":3654.95,"end":3655.11},{"text":"capacity","start":3655.11,"end":3655.83},{"text":"as","start":3655.83,"end":3655.99},{"text":"host","start":3655.99,"end":3656.47},{"text":"state","start":3656.47,"end":3657.07},{"text":"to","start":3657.07,"end":3657.15},{"text":"several","start":3657.19,"end":3657.67},{"text":"international","start":3657.67,"end":3658.39},{"text":"organizations.","start":3658.39,"end":3659.35}]},{"text":"We have taken note of the Commission adopting on first reading the whole set of draft guidelines together with commentaries.","start":3660.47,"end":3668.07,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3660.47,"end":3660.59},{"text":"have","start":3660.59,"end":3660.71},{"text":"taken","start":3660.71,"end":3661.07},{"text":"note","start":3661.07,"end":3661.27},{"text":"of","start":3661.27,"end":3661.35},{"text":"the","start":3661.35,"end":3661.47},{"text":"Commission","start":3661.47,"end":3661.99},{"text":"adopting","start":3661.99,"end":3662.55},{"text":"on","start":3662.55,"end":3662.67},{"text":"first","start":3662.71,"end":3663.19},{"text":"reading","start":3663.19,"end":3663.51},{"text":"the","start":3663.51,"end":3663.67},{"text":"whole","start":3663.67,"end":3663.99},{"text":"set","start":3663.99,"end":3664.55},{"text":"of","start":3664.55,"end":3664.71},{"text":"draft","start":3664.71,"end":3664.99},{"text":"guidelines","start":3665.03,"end":3665.79},{"text":"together","start":3665.79,"end":3666.47},{"text":"with","start":3666.95,"end":3667.19},{"text":"commentaries.","start":3667.19,"end":3668.07}]},{"text":"We concur with the addition in Guideline 2 of the definition of \"private party\", which contributes to the clarity and consistency of the texts.","start":3668.99,"end":3677.07,"topics":[{"key":"international-organization-disputes","label":"Dispute Settlement Involving International Organizations","description":"Speakers discussed guidelines for resolving disputes involving international organizations, States, and private parties, particularly the relationship between organizational immunity and effective access to justice. 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They considered the choice of judicial and alternative settlement mechanisms, party autonomy, power imbalances, and safeguards for impartiality and due process."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3677.87,"end":3678.03},{"text":"are","start":3678.03,"end":3678.15},{"text":"of","start":3678.15,"end":3678.27},{"text":"the","start":3678.27,"end":3678.35},{"text":"view","start":3678.35,"end":3678.59},{"text":"that","start":3678.59,"end":3678.75},{"text":"Guidelines","start":3678.75,"end":3679.39},{"text":"4","start":3679.39,"end":3679.79},{"text":"and","start":3679.79,"end":3680.03},{"text":"8","start":3680.11,"end":3680.75},{"text":"should","start":3680.99,"end":3681.27},{"text":"keep","start":3681.27,"end":3681.55},{"text":"mentioning","start":3681.55,"end":3682.07},{"text":"draft","start":3682.07,"end":3682.35},{"text":"Guideline","start":3682.35,"end":3682.91},{"text":"2,","start":3682.91,"end":3683.23},{"text":"subparagraph","start":3683.23,"end":3684.11},{"text":"(d),","start":3684.11,"end":3684.43},{"text":"when","start":3684.99,"end":3685.23},{"text":"referring","start":3685.23,"end":3685.75},{"text":"to","start":3685.75,"end":3685.91},{"text":"means","start":3685.91,"end":3686.23},{"text":"of","start":3686.23,"end":3686.35},{"text":"dispute","start":3686.35,"end":3686.83},{"text":"settlement","start":3686.83,"end":3687.55},{"text":"to","start":3687.55,"end":3687.63},{"text":"be","start":3687.63,"end":3687.71},{"text":"resorted","start":3687.71,"end":3688.23},{"text":"to.","start":3688.23,"end":3688.51}]},{"text":"We welcome the mention in, uh, part two and three of adjudicatory means of dispute settlement, which, in our view, should always be given preference when circumstances allow to ensure legal certainty and a clear recognition of the respective rights and obligations.","start":3689.71,"end":3707.63,"topics":[{"key":"international-organization-disputes","label":"Dispute Settlement Involving International Organizations","description":"Speakers discussed guidelines for resolving disputes involving international organizations, States, and private parties, particularly the relationship between organizational immunity and effective access to justice. 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They considered the choice of judicial and alternative settlement mechanisms, party autonomy, power imbalances, and safeguards for impartiality and due process."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3746.87,"end":3747.03},{"text":"recall","start":3747.03,"end":3747.35},{"text":"the","start":3747.35,"end":3747.43},{"text":"importance","start":3747.43,"end":3747.99},{"text":"for","start":3747.99,"end":3748.15},{"text":"the","start":3748.15,"end":3748.31},{"text":"private","start":3748.31,"end":3748.71},{"text":"party","start":3748.71,"end":3749.19},{"text":"to","start":3749.19,"end":3749.43},{"text":"be","start":3749.43,"end":3749.55},{"text":"fully","start":3749.55,"end":3749.99},{"text":"involved","start":3749.99,"end":3750.39},{"text":"in","start":3750.39,"end":3750.51},{"text":"the","start":3750.51,"end":3750.59},{"text":"choice","start":3750.63,"end":3751.11},{"text":"of","start":3751.11,"end":3751.35},{"text":"the","start":3751.35,"end":3751.43},{"text":"means","start":3751.43,"end":3751.67},{"text":"to","start":3751.67,"end":3751.83},{"text":"resort","start":3751.83,"end":3752.31},{"text":"to.","start":3752.31,"end":3752.55}]},{"text":"The Commentary may quite rightly provide guidance as to the parameters that should preside over the reasonability test when choosing possible alternative means.","start":3753.43,"end":3763.19,"topics":[{"key":"international-organization-disputes","label":"Dispute Settlement Involving International Organizations","description":"Speakers discussed guidelines for resolving disputes involving international organizations, States, and private parties, particularly the relationship between organizational immunity and effective access to justice. 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They considered the choice of judicial and alternative settlement mechanisms, party autonomy, power imbalances, and safeguards for impartiality and due process."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3782.63,"end":3782.75},{"text":"reiterate","start":3782.75,"end":3783.43},{"text":"our","start":3783.43,"end":3783.51},{"text":"proposal","start":3783.51,"end":3784.23},{"text":"to","start":3784.23,"end":3784.55},{"text":"add","start":3784.55,"end":3784.71},{"text":"a","start":3784.71,"end":3784.79},{"text":"second","start":3784.79,"end":3785.19},{"text":"paragraph","start":3785.19,"end":3785.79},{"text":"on","start":3785.79,"end":3785.91},{"text":"the","start":3785.91,"end":3786.07},{"text":"waiver","start":3786.07,"end":3786.63},{"text":"of","start":3786.75,"end":3786.87},{"text":"immunities","start":3786.87,"end":3787.63},{"text":"when","start":3787.63,"end":3787.87},{"text":"the","start":3787.87,"end":3787.95},{"text":"judicial","start":3787.95,"end":3788.39},{"text":"proceedings","start":3788.39,"end":3789.03},{"text":"clearly","start":3789.31,"end":3789.75},{"text":"do","start":3789.75,"end":3789.99},{"text":"not","start":3789.99,"end":3790.23},{"text":"infringe","start":3790.23,"end":3790.95},{"text":"on","start":3791.39,"end":3791.55},{"text":"the","start":3791.55,"end":3791.63},{"text":"independent","start":3791.63,"end":3792.27},{"text":"and","start":3792.27,"end":3792.43},{"text":"effective","start":3792.43,"end":3792.91},{"text":"performance","start":3792.91,"end":3793.63},{"text":"of","start":3793.63,"end":3793.87},{"text":"the","start":3793.87,"end":3793.95},{"text":"functions","start":3793.95,"end":3794.51},{"text":"by","start":3794.51,"end":3794.71},{"text":"the","start":3794.71,"end":3794.79},{"text":"international","start":3794.79,"end":3795.47},{"text":"organization","start":3795.47,"end":3796.35},{"text":"concerned.","start":3796.91,"end":3797.55}]},{"text":"Mr. Chair, turning finally to the topic succession of states in respect of state responsibility, Italy thanks the working group and its chair, Mr. Bimal N. Patel, as well as the commission for the adoption of the final report.","start":3799.39,"end":3813.47,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":3799.39,"end":3799.79},{"text":"Chair,","start":3799.79,"end":3800.11},{"text":"turning","start":3800.43,"end":3800.83},{"text":"finally","start":3800.83,"end":3801.31},{"text":"to","start":3801.31,"end":3801.43},{"text":"the","start":3801.43,"end":3801.55},{"text":"topic","start":3801.55,"end":3802.03},{"text":"succession","start":3802.11,"end":3802.75},{"text":"of","start":3802.75,"end":3802.83},{"text":"states","start":3802.83,"end":3803.23},{"text":"in","start":3803.23,"end":3803.35},{"text":"respect","start":3803.35,"end":3803.87},{"text":"of","start":3803.87,"end":3803.95},{"text":"state","start":3803.95,"end":3804.35},{"text":"responsibility,","start":3804.35,"end":3805.39},{"text":"Italy","start":3805.87,"end":3806.27},{"text":"thanks","start":3806.27,"end":3806.63},{"text":"the","start":3806.63,"end":3806.75},{"text":"working","start":3806.75,"end":3807.11},{"text":"group","start":3807.11,"end":3807.47},{"text":"and","start":3807.47,"end":3807.63},{"text":"its","start":3807.63,"end":3807.79},{"text":"chair,","start":3807.79,"end":3808.27},{"text":"Mr.","start":3808.27,"end":3808.75},{"text":"Bimal","start":3808.75,"end":3809.23},{"text":"N.","start":3809.27,"end":3809.47},{"text":"Patel,","start":3809.47,"end":3810.11},{"text":"as","start":3810.27,"end":3810.51},{"text":"well","start":3810.51,"end":3810.67},{"text":"as","start":3810.67,"end":3810.79},{"text":"the","start":3810.79,"end":3810.91},{"text":"commission","start":3810.91,"end":3811.55},{"text":"for","start":3811.55,"end":3811.75},{"text":"the","start":3811.75,"end":3811.83},{"text":"adoption","start":3811.83,"end":3812.23},{"text":"of","start":3812.23,"end":3812.35},{"text":"the","start":3812.35,"end":3812.43},{"text":"final","start":3812.43,"end":3812.87},{"text":"report.","start":3812.87,"end":3813.47}]},{"text":"We note the limited and fragmented nature of state practice, as well as the frequent recourses to direct negotiations and ad hoc agreements between the states concerned, which makes it difficult to identify established general rules of customary international law.","start":3814.47,"end":3830.79,"topics":[{"key":"state-succession-responsibility","label":"State Succession and State Responsibility","description":"Delegations considered whether and how responsibility for internationally wrongful acts carries over following State succession, noting limited, diverse, and context-specific State practice. Views differed on the Commission’s decision to discontinue the topic, with some supporting caution and others emphasizing unresolved succession issues and the need for further legal guidance."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3814.47,"end":3814.63},{"text":"note","start":3814.63,"end":3815.11},{"text":"the","start":3815.11,"end":3815.19},{"text":"limited","start":3815.19,"end":3815.63},{"text":"and","start":3815.63,"end":3815.75},{"text":"fragmented","start":3815.75,"end":3816.47},{"text":"nature","start":3816.47,"end":3816.91},{"text":"of","start":3816.91,"end":3817.03},{"text":"state","start":3817.03,"end":3817.27},{"text":"practice,","start":3817.27,"end":3817.91},{"text":"as","start":3818.15,"end":3818.31},{"text":"well","start":3818.31,"end":3818.55},{"text":"as","start":3818.55,"end":3818.71},{"text":"the","start":3818.71,"end":3818.83},{"text":"frequent","start":3818.83,"end":3819.35},{"text":"recourses","start":3819.35,"end":3819.99},{"text":"to","start":3819.99,"end":3820.19},{"text":"direct","start":3820.19,"end":3820.59},{"text":"negotiations","start":3820.59,"end":3821.59},{"text":"and","start":3821.67,"end":3821.91},{"text":"ad","start":3821.91,"end":3822.07},{"text":"hoc","start":3822.07,"end":3822.31},{"text":"agreements","start":3822.31,"end":3823.03},{"text":"between","start":3823.03,"end":3823.35},{"text":"the","start":3823.35,"end":3823.47},{"text":"states","start":3823.47,"end":3823.91},{"text":"concerned,","start":3823.91,"end":3824.63},{"text":"which","start":3825.27,"end":3825.59},{"text":"makes","start":3825.59,"end":3825.83},{"text":"it","start":3825.83,"end":3825.91},{"text":"difficult","start":3825.91,"end":3826.43},{"text":"to","start":3826.43,"end":3826.51},{"text":"identify","start":3826.51,"end":3827.19},{"text":"established","start":3827.59,"end":3828.19},{"text":"general","start":3828.19,"end":3828.67},{"text":"rules","start":3828.67,"end":3829.11},{"text":"of","start":3829.11,"end":3829.35},{"text":"customary","start":3829.35,"end":3829.91},{"text":"international","start":3829.91,"end":3830.67},{"text":"law.","start":3830.67,"end":3830.79}]},{"text":"We are confident that the final report will provide a useful reference for states, practitioners, and academics in assessing the diverse state practice in this field.","start":3831.59,"end":3842.71,"topics":[{"key":"state-succession-responsibility","label":"State Succession and State Responsibility","description":"Delegations considered whether and how responsibility for internationally wrongful acts carries over following State succession, noting limited, diverse, and context-specific State practice. Views differed on the Commission’s decision to discontinue the topic, with some supporting caution and others emphasizing unresolved succession issues and the need for further legal guidance."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3831.59,"end":3831.71},{"text":"are","start":3831.71,"end":3831.79},{"text":"confident","start":3831.79,"end":3832.47},{"text":"that","start":3832.71,"end":3832.95},{"text":"the","start":3832.95,"end":3833.03},{"text":"final","start":3833.03,"end":3833.47},{"text":"report","start":3833.47,"end":3834.07},{"text":"will","start":3834.07,"end":3834.23},{"text":"provide","start":3834.23,"end":3834.71},{"text":"a","start":3834.79,"end":3834.83},{"text":"useful","start":3834.83,"end":3835.27},{"text":"reference","start":3835.27,"end":3835.83},{"text":"for","start":3835.83,"end":3835.99},{"text":"states,","start":3835.99,"end":3836.63},{"text":"practitioners,","start":3836.79,"end":3837.75},{"text":"and","start":3837.75,"end":3837.99},{"text":"academics","start":3837.99,"end":3838.71},{"text":"in","start":3839.11,"end":3839.27},{"text":"assessing","start":3839.27,"end":3839.75},{"text":"the","start":3839.75,"end":3839.83},{"text":"diverse","start":3839.83,"end":3840.43},{"text":"state","start":3840.43,"end":3840.71},{"text":"practice","start":3840.71,"end":3841.35},{"text":"in","start":3841.91,"end":3842.07},{"text":"this","start":3842.07,"end":3842.31},{"text":"field.","start":3842.31,"end":3842.71}]},{"text":"This concludes Italy's statement on cluster two.","start":3843.19,"end":3846.19,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":3843.19,"end":3843.43},{"text":"concludes","start":3843.43,"end":3844.07},{"text":"Italy's","start":3844.35,"end":3844.83},{"text":"statement","start":3844.83,"end":3845.31},{"text":"on","start":3845.31,"end":3845.39},{"text":"cluster","start":3845.39,"end":3845.87},{"text":"two.","start":3845.87,"end":3846.19}]},{"text":"I thank you, Mr. Chair.","start":3846.27,"end":3847.63,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":3846.27,"end":3846.43},{"text":"thank","start":3846.43,"end":3846.75},{"text":"you,","start":3846.75,"end":3846.91},{"text":"Mr.","start":3846.91,"end":3847.23},{"text":"Chair.","start":3847.23,"end":3847.63}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"ITA","group":null,"function":null,"affiliation_full":"Italy"}},{"statement_number":18,"start":3852.59,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c6/81/34?lang=en&t=1:04:13","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I would like to thank the distinguished representative of Italy for his statement, and now I would like to give the floor to the distinguished representative of Slovakia, please.","start":3852.59,"end":3862.91,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":3852.59,"end":3852.67},{"text":"would","start":3852.67,"end":3852.83},{"text":"like","start":3852.83,"end":3852.99},{"text":"to","start":3852.99,"end":3853.07},{"text":"thank","start":3853.07,"end":3853.47},{"text":"the","start":3853.87,"end":3853.99},{"text":"distinguished","start":3853.99,"end":3854.43},{"text":"representative","start":3854.43,"end":3855.07},{"text":"of","start":3855.23,"end":3855.39},{"text":"Italy","start":3855.39,"end":3855.95},{"text":"for","start":3856.35,"end":3856.75},{"text":"his","start":3856.99,"end":3857.23},{"text":"statement,","start":3857.23,"end":3857.79},{"text":"and","start":3857.79,"end":3857.91},{"text":"now","start":3857.91,"end":3858.03},{"text":"I","start":3858.03,"end":3858.11},{"text":"would","start":3858.11,"end":3858.39},{"text":"like","start":3858.39,"end":3858.63},{"text":"to","start":3858.63,"end":3858.71},{"text":"give","start":3858.71,"end":3858.91},{"text":"the","start":3858.91,"end":3858.99},{"text":"floor","start":3858.99,"end":3859.39},{"text":"to","start":3859.39,"end":3859.47},{"text":"the","start":3860.07,"end":3860.15},{"text":"distinguished","start":3860.15,"end":3860.75},{"text":"representative","start":3860.83,"end":3861.39},{"text":"of","start":3861.47,"end":3861.63},{"text":"Slovakia,","start":3861.87,"end":3862.43},{"text":"please.","start":3862.59,"end":3862.91}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"6th Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair","affiliation_full":"6th Committee"}},{"statement_number":19,"start":3865.55,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c6/81/34?lang=en&t=1:04:26","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Mr. Chair. Mr. Chair, In my intervention today, I will address three topics contained in this year's report of the International Law Commission, namely subsidiary means for the determination of rules of international law, settlements of disputes to which international organizations are parties, and succession of states in respect of state responsibility.","start":3865.55,"end":3888.99,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. Discussion focused on assessing their weight, maintaining representativeness, distinguishing legal analysis from political positions, and avoiding a system of binding judicial precedent."},{"key":"international-organization-disputes","label":"Dispute Settlement Involving International Organizations","description":"Speakers discussed guidelines for resolving disputes involving international organizations, States, and private parties, particularly the relationship between organizational immunity and effective access to justice. They considered the choice of judicial and alternative settlement mechanisms, party autonomy, power imbalances, and safeguards for impartiality and due process."},{"key":"state-succession-responsibility","label":"State Succession and State Responsibility","description":"Delegations considered whether and how responsibility for internationally wrongful acts carries over following State succession, noting limited, diverse, and context-specific State practice. Views differed on the Commission’s decision to discontinue the topic, with some supporting caution and others emphasizing unresolved succession issues and the need for further legal guidance."}],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":3865.55,"end":3865.75},{"text":"you,","start":3865.75,"end":3865.83},{"text":"Mr.","start":3865.83,"end":3866.11},{"text":"Chair.","start":3866.11,"end":3866.51},{"text":"Mr.","start":3867.87,"end":3868.19},{"text":"Chair,","start":3868.19,"end":3868.59},{"text":"In","start":3869.39,"end":3869.51},{"text":"my","start":3869.51,"end":3869.63},{"text":"intervention","start":3869.63,"end":3870.27},{"text":"today,","start":3870.27,"end":3870.83},{"text":"I","start":3871.23,"end":3871.35},{"text":"will","start":3871.35,"end":3871.51},{"text":"address","start":3871.55,"end":3871.87},{"text":"three","start":3871.87,"end":3872.19},{"text":"topics","start":3872.19,"end":3872.75},{"text":"contained","start":3872.99,"end":3873.47},{"text":"in","start":3873.47,"end":3873.55},{"text":"this","start":3873.55,"end":3873.79},{"text":"year's","start":3873.79,"end":3874.11},{"text":"report","start":3874.11,"end":3874.51},{"text":"of","start":3874.51,"end":3874.63},{"text":"the","start":3874.63,"end":3874.71},{"text":"International","start":3874.71,"end":3875.27},{"text":"Law","start":3875.27,"end":3875.39},{"text":"Commission,","start":3875.39,"end":3876.03},{"text":"namely","start":3876.91,"end":3877.39},{"text":"subsidiary","start":3877.39,"end":3877.95},{"text":"means","start":3877.95,"end":3878.27},{"text":"for","start":3878.75,"end":3878.91},{"text":"the","start":3878.91,"end":3878.99},{"text":"determination","start":3878.99,"end":3879.71},{"text":"of","start":3879.71,"end":3879.95},{"text":"rules","start":3879.95,"end":3880.31},{"text":"of","start":3880.31,"end":3880.43},{"text":"international","start":3880.43,"end":3881.19},{"text":"law,","start":3881.19,"end":3881.27},{"text":"settlements","start":3881.79,"end":3882.35},{"text":"of","start":3882.35,"end":3882.51},{"text":"disputes","start":3882.51,"end":3882.99},{"text":"to","start":3882.99,"end":3883.11},{"text":"which","start":3883.11,"end":3883.39},{"text":"international","start":3883.39,"end":3883.95},{"text":"organizations","start":3883.95,"end":3884.83},{"text":"are","start":3884.83,"end":3884.91},{"text":"parties,","start":3884.91,"end":3885.55},{"text":"and","start":3885.95,"end":3886.11},{"text":"succession","start":3886.11,"end":3886.59},{"text":"of","start":3886.59,"end":3886.75},{"text":"states","start":3886.75,"end":3887.15},{"text":"in","start":3887.15,"end":3887.39},{"text":"respect","start":3887.39,"end":3887.83},{"text":"of","start":3887.83,"end":3887.91},{"text":"state","start":3887.91,"end":3888.15},{"text":"responsibility.","start":3888.15,"end":3888.99}]},{"text":"Turning first to the topic of subsidiary means for the determination of rules of international law, Allow me to commend the Special Rapporteur, Mr. Charles Deloch, and the Commission for the productive work at the present session.","start":3890.99,"end":3904.51,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. 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Discussion focused on assessing their weight, maintaining representativeness, distinguishing legal analysis from political positions, and avoiding a system of binding judicial precedent."}],"words":[{"text":"They","start":3929.03,"end":3929.19},{"text":"merely","start":3929.19,"end":3929.47},{"text":"have","start":3929.47,"end":3929.67},{"text":"an","start":3929.71,"end":3929.79},{"text":"assisting","start":3929.83,"end":3930.63},{"text":"function","start":3930.79,"end":3931.35},{"text":"in","start":3931.35,"end":3931.51},{"text":"determining","start":3931.51,"end":3932.23},{"text":"the","start":3932.31,"end":3932.43},{"text":"existence","start":3932.43,"end":3933.11},{"text":"and","start":3933.51,"end":3933.67},{"text":"content","start":3933.67,"end":3934.07},{"text":"of","start":3934.07,"end":3934.19},{"text":"rules","start":3934.19,"end":3934.55},{"text":"of","start":3934.55,"end":3934.71},{"text":"international","start":3934.71,"end":3935.47},{"text":"law.","start":3935.47,"end":3935.55}]},{"text":"In this regard, we welcome draft conclusion 3, paragraph 1.","start":3936.95,"end":3940.23,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. 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Discussion focused on assessing their weight, maintaining representativeness, distinguishing legal analysis from political positions, and avoiding a system of binding judicial precedent."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3941.83,"end":3941.95},{"text":"remain","start":3941.95,"end":3942.31},{"text":"of","start":3942.31,"end":3942.47},{"text":"the","start":3942.47,"end":3942.59},{"text":"view","start":3942.59,"end":3943.03},{"text":"that","start":3943.19,"end":3943.39},{"text":"the","start":3943.39,"end":3943.47},{"text":"topic","start":3943.47,"end":3943.91},{"text":"is","start":3943.91,"end":3944.11},{"text":"predominantly","start":3944.11,"end":3944.87},{"text":"of","start":3944.87,"end":3945.03},{"text":"academic","start":3945.03,"end":3945.51},{"text":"significance,","start":3945.51,"end":3946.39},{"text":"with","start":3946.55,"end":3946.71},{"text":"rather","start":3946.71,"end":3946.95},{"text":"limited","start":3946.95,"end":3947.31},{"text":"practical","start":3947.31,"end":3947.99},{"text":"usefulness","start":3948.07,"end":3948.63},{"text":"for","start":3948.63,"end":3948.75},{"text":"States.","start":3948.75,"end":3949.27}]},{"text":"Nevertheless, the Commission should aim to make the Draft Conclusions as useful for international practice as possible, while avoiding a prescriptive approach that could limit the judicial autonomy of international courts and tribunals.","start":3949.83,"end":3962.07,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. 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Discussion focused on assessing their weight, maintaining representativeness, distinguishing legal analysis from political positions, and avoiding a system of binding judicial precedent."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":4000.99,"end":4001.15},{"text":"our","start":4001.15,"end":4001.39},{"text":"view,","start":4001.39,"end":4001.79},{"text":"the","start":4002.11,"end":4002.31},{"text":"application","start":4002.31,"end":4002.91},{"text":"would","start":4002.91,"end":4003.07},{"text":"therefore","start":4003.07,"end":4003.63},{"text":"merit","start":4003.63,"end":4003.91},{"text":"particular","start":4003.95,"end":4004.43},{"text":"caution.","start":4004.43,"end":4004.99}]},{"text":"We would appreciate further clarification in the commentaries that these criteria are indicative and context-dependent, without necessarily constituting a cumulative set of requirements.","start":4006.15,"end":4017.51,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. Discussion focused on assessing their weight, maintaining representativeness, distinguishing legal analysis from political positions, and avoiding a system of binding judicial precedent."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4006.15,"end":4006.23},{"text":"would","start":4006.23,"end":4006.39},{"text":"appreciate","start":4006.39,"end":4006.95},{"text":"further","start":4006.95,"end":4007.27},{"text":"clarification","start":4007.27,"end":4008.23},{"text":"in","start":4008.79,"end":4008.95},{"text":"the","start":4008.95,"end":4009.03},{"text":"commentaries","start":4009.03,"end":4009.91},{"text":"that","start":4010.15,"end":4010.31},{"text":"these","start":4010.31,"end":4010.47},{"text":"criteria","start":4010.47,"end":4010.99},{"text":"are","start":4010.99,"end":4011.19},{"text":"indicative","start":4011.19,"end":4011.99},{"text":"and","start":4012.23,"end":4012.39},{"text":"context-dependent,","start":4012.39,"end":4013.59},{"text":"without","start":4013.99,"end":4014.31},{"text":"necessarily","start":4014.31,"end":4014.87},{"text":"constituting","start":4014.87,"end":4015.51},{"text":"a","start":4015.91,"end":4015.95},{"text":"cumulative","start":4015.95,"end":4016.39},{"text":"set","start":4016.39,"end":4016.63},{"text":"of","start":4016.63,"end":4016.75},{"text":"requirements.","start":4016.75,"end":4017.51}]},{"text":"Regarding draft conclusion 10, we continue to have certain reservations regarding the relevance of distinguishing between public and private expert bodies.","start":4019.11,"end":4027.59,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. 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Discussion focused on assessing their weight, maintaining representativeness, distinguishing legal analysis from political positions, and avoiding a system of binding judicial precedent."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":4029.11,"end":4029.27},{"text":"our","start":4029.27,"end":4029.51},{"text":"understanding,","start":4029.51,"end":4030.23},{"text":"the","start":4030.55,"end":4030.71},{"text":"establishment","start":4030.71,"end":4031.67},{"text":"or","start":4031.83,"end":4031.99},{"text":"empowerment","start":4031.99,"end":4032.55},{"text":"by","start":4032.55,"end":4032.71},{"text":"states","start":4032.71,"end":4033.15},{"text":"or","start":4033.15,"end":4033.35},{"text":"international","start":4033.35,"end":4033.87},{"text":"organizations","start":4033.87,"end":4034.79},{"text":"does","start":4035.19,"end":4035.35},{"text":"not,","start":4035.35,"end":4035.75},{"text":"in","start":4036.31,"end":4036.43},{"text":"itself,","start":4036.43,"end":4036.95},{"text":"alter","start":4037.35,"end":4037.67},{"text":"their","start":4037.67,"end":4037.87},{"text":"nature","start":4037.87,"end":4038.31},{"text":"as","start":4038.31,"end":4038.55},{"text":"expert","start":4038.55,"end":4038.91},{"text":"bodies.","start":4038.91,"end":4039.43}]},{"text":"Similarly, the subsequent endorsement of their work should not necessarily affect the character of their original outcome.","start":4040.47,"end":4047.43,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. Discussion focused on assessing their weight, maintaining representativeness, distinguishing legal analysis from political positions, and avoiding a system of binding judicial precedent."}],"words":[{"text":"Similarly,","start":4040.47,"end":4041.19},{"text":"the","start":4041.19,"end":4041.35},{"text":"subsequent","start":4041.35,"end":4041.91},{"text":"endorsement","start":4041.91,"end":4042.47},{"text":"of","start":4042.47,"end":4042.63},{"text":"their","start":4042.63,"end":4042.79},{"text":"work","start":4042.79,"end":4043.11},{"text":"should","start":4043.43,"end":4043.67},{"text":"not","start":4043.67,"end":4043.79},{"text":"necessarily","start":4043.79,"end":4044.55},{"text":"affect","start":4044.55,"end":4044.95},{"text":"the","start":4044.95,"end":4045.07},{"text":"character","start":4045.27,"end":4045.75},{"text":"of","start":4045.75,"end":4045.91},{"text":"their","start":4045.91,"end":4046.15},{"text":"original","start":4046.23,"end":4046.79},{"text":"outcome.","start":4046.95,"end":4047.43}]},{"text":"We also consider that the inclusion of human rights treaty bodies within this category requires a differentiated approach.","start":4048.91,"end":4055.51,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. Discussion focused on assessing their weight, maintaining representativeness, distinguishing legal analysis from political positions, and avoiding a system of binding judicial precedent."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4048.91,"end":4049.03},{"text":"also","start":4049.03,"end":4049.35},{"text":"consider","start":4049.35,"end":4049.83},{"text":"that","start":4049.83,"end":4050.03},{"text":"the","start":4050.03,"end":4050.11},{"text":"inclusion","start":4050.11,"end":4050.71},{"text":"of","start":4050.71,"end":4050.79},{"text":"human","start":4050.79,"end":4051.11},{"text":"rights","start":4051.11,"end":4051.43},{"text":"treaty","start":4051.43,"end":4051.75},{"text":"bodies","start":4051.75,"end":4052.31},{"text":"within","start":4052.47,"end":4052.71},{"text":"this","start":4052.71,"end":4052.87},{"text":"category","start":4052.87,"end":4053.51},{"text":"requires","start":4053.67,"end":4054.15},{"text":"a","start":4054.15,"end":4054.19},{"text":"differentiated","start":4054.19,"end":4054.95},{"text":"approach.","start":4054.95,"end":4055.51}]},{"text":"Their mandates and outputs vary considerably and may be relevant primarily to the interpretation and application of the respective treaties, including under Article 32 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties.","start":4057.03,"end":4070.11,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. Discussion focused on assessing their weight, maintaining representativeness, distinguishing legal analysis from political positions, and avoiding a system of binding judicial precedent."}],"words":[{"text":"Their","start":4057.03,"end":4057.27},{"text":"mandates","start":4057.27,"end":4057.91},{"text":"and","start":4058.19,"end":4058.43},{"text":"outputs","start":4058.43,"end":4058.99},{"text":"vary","start":4059.35,"end":4059.63},{"text":"considerably","start":4059.71,"end":4060.59},{"text":"and","start":4060.59,"end":4060.75},{"text":"may","start":4060.75,"end":4060.91},{"text":"be","start":4060.91,"end":4061.15},{"text":"relevant","start":4061.15,"end":4061.59},{"text":"primarily","start":4061.59,"end":4062.27},{"text":"to","start":4062.51,"end":4062.59},{"text":"the","start":4062.59,"end":4062.71},{"text":"interpretation","start":4062.71,"end":4063.71},{"text":"and","start":4063.71,"end":4063.87},{"text":"application","start":4063.87,"end":4064.43},{"text":"of","start":4064.43,"end":4064.59},{"text":"the","start":4064.59,"end":4064.67},{"text":"respective","start":4064.67,"end":4065.31},{"text":"treaties,","start":4065.31,"end":4065.95},{"text":"including","start":4066.19,"end":4066.75},{"text":"under","start":4066.75,"end":4066.99},{"text":"Article","start":4066.99,"end":4067.39},{"text":"32","start":4067.39,"end":4067.87},{"text":"of","start":4067.87,"end":4068.03},{"text":"the","start":4068.03,"end":4068.15},{"text":"Vienna","start":4068.15,"end":4068.43},{"text":"Convention","start":4068.43,"end":4068.91},{"text":"on","start":4068.91,"end":4069.03},{"text":"the","start":4069.07,"end":4069.15},{"text":"Law","start":4069.15,"end":4069.43},{"text":"of","start":4069.43,"end":4069.55},{"text":"Treaties.","start":4069.55,"end":4070.11}]},{"text":"The possible role as subsidiary means beyond that context would, in our view, require particular consideration.","start":4071.55,"end":4078.11,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. Discussion focused on assessing their weight, maintaining representativeness, distinguishing legal analysis from political positions, and avoiding a system of binding judicial precedent."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":4071.55,"end":4071.67},{"text":"possible","start":4071.67,"end":4072.11},{"text":"role","start":4072.11,"end":4072.43},{"text":"as","start":4072.51,"end":4072.67},{"text":"subsidiary","start":4072.67,"end":4073.31},{"text":"means","start":4073.31,"end":4073.71},{"text":"beyond","start":4073.79,"end":4074.23},{"text":"that","start":4074.23,"end":4074.35},{"text":"context","start":4074.35,"end":4074.83},{"text":"would,","start":4074.83,"end":4075.15},{"text":"in","start":4075.23,"end":4075.39},{"text":"our","start":4075.39,"end":4075.55},{"text":"view,","start":4075.55,"end":4075.87},{"text":"require","start":4076.19,"end":4076.59},{"text":"particular","start":4076.59,"end":4077.23},{"text":"consideration.","start":4077.23,"end":4078.11}]},{"text":"We would therefore welcome further clarification in the commentaries in this regard.","start":4079.31,"end":4083.47,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. 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They considered the choice of judicial and alternative settlement mechanisms, party autonomy, power imbalances, and safeguards for impartiality and due process."}],"words":[{"text":"best","start":4150.19,"end":4150.67},{"text":"to","start":4150.75,"end":4150.87},{"text":"leave","start":4150.87,"end":4151.07},{"text":"such","start":4151.07,"end":4151.39},{"text":"choice","start":4151.39,"end":4151.63},{"text":"freely","start":4151.63,"end":4152.03},{"text":"upon","start":4152.03,"end":4152.35},{"text":"the","start":4152.35,"end":4152.43},{"text":"will","start":4152.43,"end":4152.67},{"text":"of","start":4152.67,"end":4152.83},{"text":"the","start":4152.83,"end":4152.91},{"text":"parties,","start":4152.91,"end":4153.63},{"text":"except","start":4154.03,"end":4154.47},{"text":"for","start":4154.47,"end":4154.67},{"text":"cases","start":4154.67,"end":4155.15},{"text":"of","start":4155.15,"end":4155.31},{"text":"mandatory","start":4155.31,"end":4155.75},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":4155.75,"end":4156.43},{"text":"or","start":4156.43,"end":4156.75},{"text":"adjudicatory","start":4156.91,"end":4157.59},{"text":"mechanism","start":4157.59,"end":4158.19},{"text":"prescribed","start":4158.27,"end":4158.75},{"text":"by","start":4158.75,"end":4158.91},{"text":"particular","start":4158.91,"end":4159.51},{"text":"rules.","start":4159.51,"end":4159.87}]},{"text":"As concerns draft guidelines 4, 6 and 12, we note with satisfaction the incorporation of the principles of good faith and cooperation, as well as rule of law guarantees.","start":4161.71,"end":4172.43,"topics":[{"key":"international-organization-disputes","label":"Dispute Settlement Involving International Organizations","description":"Speakers discussed guidelines for resolving disputes involving international organizations, States, and private parties, particularly the relationship between organizational immunity and effective access to justice. They considered the choice of judicial and alternative settlement mechanisms, party autonomy, power imbalances, and safeguards for impartiality and due process."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":4161.71,"end":4161.87},{"text":"concerns","start":4161.87,"end":4162.23},{"text":"draft","start":4162.23,"end":4162.47},{"text":"guidelines","start":4162.47,"end":4162.91},{"text":"4,","start":4162.91,"end":4163.23},{"text":"6","start":4163.23,"end":4163.63},{"text":"and","start":4163.63,"end":4163.79},{"text":"12,","start":4163.79,"end":4164.27},{"text":"we","start":4164.83,"end":4164.99},{"text":"note","start":4164.99,"end":4165.19},{"text":"with","start":4165.19,"end":4165.31},{"text":"satisfaction","start":4165.31,"end":4166.11},{"text":"the","start":4166.11,"end":4166.23},{"text":"incorporation","start":4166.23,"end":4167.15},{"text":"of","start":4167.15,"end":4167.27},{"text":"the","start":4167.27,"end":4167.39},{"text":"principles","start":4167.39,"end":4167.95},{"text":"of","start":4167.95,"end":4168.19},{"text":"good","start":4168.19,"end":4168.43},{"text":"faith","start":4168.43,"end":4168.75},{"text":"and","start":4168.83,"end":4168.99},{"text":"cooperation,","start":4168.99,"end":4169.79},{"text":"as","start":4170.43,"end":4170.59},{"text":"well","start":4170.59,"end":4170.83},{"text":"as","start":4170.83,"end":4170.99},{"text":"rule","start":4170.99,"end":4171.23},{"text":"of","start":4171.23,"end":4171.39},{"text":"law","start":4171.39,"end":4171.55},{"text":"guarantees.","start":4171.71,"end":4172.43}]},{"text":"While fully endorsing their substance, we understand these provisions are reflecting already well-established obligations.","start":4173.55,"end":4180.39,"topics":[{"key":"international-organization-disputes","label":"Dispute Settlement Involving International Organizations","description":"Speakers discussed guidelines for resolving disputes involving international organizations, States, and private parties, particularly the relationship between organizational immunity and effective access to justice. They considered the choice of judicial and alternative settlement mechanisms, party autonomy, power imbalances, and safeguards for impartiality and due process."}],"words":[{"text":"While","start":4173.55,"end":4173.75},{"text":"fully","start":4173.75,"end":4174.07},{"text":"endorsing","start":4174.07,"end":4174.59},{"text":"their","start":4174.59,"end":4174.79},{"text":"substance,","start":4174.79,"end":4175.43},{"text":"we","start":4175.59,"end":4175.75},{"text":"understand","start":4175.75,"end":4176.31},{"text":"these","start":4176.39,"end":4176.55},{"text":"provisions","start":4176.55,"end":4177.11},{"text":"are","start":4177.11,"end":4177.31},{"text":"reflecting","start":4177.31,"end":4178.39},{"text":"already","start":4178.63,"end":4178.99},{"text":"well-established","start":4178.99,"end":4179.67},{"text":"obligations.","start":4179.67,"end":4180.39}]},{"text":"In this regard, we believe that the guidelines and commentaries could usefully focus on clarifying the specific implication of these principles for international organizations, while avoiding unnecessary repetition.","start":4181.67,"end":4195.75,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":4181.67,"end":4181.79},{"text":"this","start":4181.79,"end":4181.99},{"text":"regard,","start":4181.99,"end":4182.47},{"text":"we","start":4182.55,"end":4182.71},{"text":"believe","start":4182.71,"end":4183.07},{"text":"that","start":4183.19,"end":4183.43},{"text":"the","start":4183.43,"end":4183.51},{"text":"guidelines","start":4183.51,"end":4184.23},{"text":"and","start":4184.79,"end":4185.11},{"text":"commentaries","start":4185.11,"end":4185.83},{"text":"could","start":4186.07,"end":4186.39},{"text":"usefully","start":4186.63,"end":4187.11},{"text":"focus","start":4187.11,"end":4187.43},{"text":"on","start":4187.43,"end":4187.59},{"text":"clarifying","start":4187.59,"end":4188.31},{"text":"the","start":4188.39,"end":4188.47},{"text":"specific","start":4188.47,"end":4189.03},{"text":"implication","start":4189.03,"end":4189.83},{"text":"of","start":4190.07,"end":4190.23},{"text":"these","start":4190.23,"end":4190.39},{"text":"principles","start":4190.39,"end":4191.03},{"text":"for","start":4191.67,"end":4191.83},{"text":"international","start":4191.83,"end":4192.39},{"text":"organizations,","start":4192.39,"end":4193.27},{"text":"while","start":4193.67,"end":4193.99},{"text":"avoiding","start":4193.99,"end":4194.39},{"text":"unnecessary","start":4194.47,"end":4194.99},{"text":"repetition.","start":4194.99,"end":4195.75}]},{"text":"Turning to draft guidelines 10 and 11, we appreciate the Commission's efforts to strike a fair balance between the immunities of international organizations and human rights, particularly the right of private parties to access to justice.","start":4197.27,"end":4211.03,"topics":[{"key":"international-organization-disputes","label":"Dispute Settlement Involving International Organizations","description":"Speakers discussed guidelines for resolving disputes involving international organizations, States, and private parties, particularly the relationship between organizational immunity and effective access to justice. They considered the choice of judicial and alternative settlement mechanisms, party autonomy, power imbalances, and safeguards for impartiality and due process."}],"words":[{"text":"Turning","start":4197.27,"end":4197.59},{"text":"to","start":4197.59,"end":4197.67},{"text":"draft","start":4197.67,"end":4198.31},{"text":"guidelines","start":4198.39,"end":4198.87},{"text":"10","start":4198.87,"end":4199.19},{"text":"and","start":4199.19,"end":4199.39},{"text":"11,","start":4199.39,"end":4199.99},{"text":"we","start":4199.99,"end":4200.15},{"text":"appreciate","start":4200.15,"end":4200.71},{"text":"the","start":4200.71,"end":4200.87},{"text":"Commission's","start":4200.87,"end":4201.47},{"text":"efforts","start":4201.47,"end":4201.83},{"text":"to","start":4201.83,"end":4201.95},{"text":"strike","start":4201.95,"end":4202.31},{"text":"a","start":4202.39,"end":4202.43},{"text":"fair","start":4202.43,"end":4202.63},{"text":"balance","start":4202.63,"end":4203.27},{"text":"between","start":4203.59,"end":4203.87},{"text":"the","start":4203.87,"end":4203.95},{"text":"immunities","start":4203.95,"end":4204.55},{"text":"of","start":4204.55,"end":4204.71},{"text":"international","start":4204.71,"end":4205.31},{"text":"organizations","start":4205.31,"end":4206.15},{"text":"and","start":4206.47,"end":4206.63},{"text":"human","start":4206.63,"end":4206.95},{"text":"rights,","start":4206.95,"end":4207.35},{"text":"particularly","start":4208.03,"end":4208.71},{"text":"the","start":4208.71,"end":4208.83},{"text":"right","start":4208.83,"end":4209.11},{"text":"of","start":4209.11,"end":4209.19},{"text":"private","start":4209.19,"end":4209.51},{"text":"parties","start":4209.51,"end":4209.91},{"text":"to","start":4209.91,"end":4210.03},{"text":"access","start":4210.03,"end":4210.39},{"text":"to","start":4210.39,"end":4210.47},{"text":"justice.","start":4210.47,"end":4211.03}]},{"text":"We recognize that these provisions address the issue at the general level, while their application in individual cases will necessarily depend on the constituent instrument and relevant provisions on privileges and immunities of the respective international organization.","start":4212.71,"end":4228.15,"topics":[{"key":"international-organization-disputes","label":"Dispute Settlement Involving International Organizations","description":"Speakers discussed guidelines for resolving disputes involving international organizations, States, and private parties, particularly the relationship between organizational immunity and effective access to justice. They considered the choice of judicial and alternative settlement mechanisms, party autonomy, power imbalances, and safeguards for impartiality and due process."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4212.71,"end":4212.87},{"text":"recognize","start":4212.87,"end":4213.39},{"text":"that","start":4213.39,"end":4213.51},{"text":"these","start":4213.51,"end":4213.75},{"text":"provisions","start":4213.91,"end":4214.47},{"text":"address","start":4214.47,"end":4214.79},{"text":"the","start":4214.79,"end":4214.87},{"text":"issue","start":4214.87,"end":4215.27},{"text":"at","start":4215.27,"end":4215.43},{"text":"the","start":4215.43,"end":4215.55},{"text":"general","start":4215.59,"end":4216.03},{"text":"level,","start":4216.03,"end":4216.47},{"text":"while","start":4216.83,"end":4217.11},{"text":"their","start":4217.11,"end":4217.27},{"text":"application","start":4217.27,"end":4217.91},{"text":"in","start":4217.91,"end":4218.15},{"text":"individual","start":4218.15,"end":4218.63},{"text":"cases","start":4218.63,"end":4219.11},{"text":"will","start":4219.11,"end":4219.27},{"text":"necessarily","start":4219.27,"end":4219.75},{"text":"depend","start":4219.75,"end":4220.31},{"text":"on","start":4220.39,"end":4220.55},{"text":"the","start":4220.55,"end":4220.63},{"text":"constituent","start":4220.87,"end":4221.43},{"text":"instrument","start":4221.43,"end":4222.07},{"text":"and","start":4222.55,"end":4222.71},{"text":"relevant","start":4222.71,"end":4223.07},{"text":"provisions","start":4223.07,"end":4223.67},{"text":"on","start":4223.67,"end":4223.83},{"text":"privileges","start":4223.83,"end":4224.31},{"text":"and","start":4224.31,"end":4224.51},{"text":"immunities","start":4224.51,"end":4225.27},{"text":"of","start":4225.83,"end":4225.99},{"text":"the","start":4225.99,"end":4226.07},{"text":"respective","start":4226.07,"end":4226.67},{"text":"international","start":4226.67,"end":4227.27},{"text":"organization.","start":4227.27,"end":4228.15}]},{"text":"In this context, we consider that the scope of these guidelines should be limited to disputes of a private law character.","start":4229.67,"end":4236.47,"topics":[{"key":"international-organization-disputes","label":"Dispute Settlement Involving International Organizations","description":"Speakers discussed guidelines for resolving disputes involving international organizations, States, and private parties, particularly the relationship between organizational immunity and effective access to justice. They considered the choice of judicial and alternative settlement mechanisms, party autonomy, power imbalances, and safeguards for impartiality and due process."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":4229.67,"end":4229.87},{"text":"this","start":4229.87,"end":4230.07},{"text":"context,","start":4230.07,"end":4230.71},{"text":"we","start":4230.87,"end":4231.03},{"text":"consider","start":4231.03,"end":4231.51},{"text":"that","start":4231.51,"end":4231.63},{"text":"the","start":4231.63,"end":4231.71},{"text":"scope","start":4231.71,"end":4232.07},{"text":"of","start":4232.07,"end":4232.23},{"text":"these","start":4232.23,"end":4232.39},{"text":"guidelines","start":4232.39,"end":4233.11},{"text":"should","start":4233.43,"end":4233.63},{"text":"be","start":4233.63,"end":4233.75},{"text":"limited","start":4233.75,"end":4234.19},{"text":"to","start":4234.19,"end":4234.35},{"text":"disputes","start":4234.35,"end":4234.95},{"text":"of","start":4234.95,"end":4235.07},{"text":"a","start":4235.07,"end":4235.11},{"text":"private","start":4235.11,"end":4235.51},{"text":"law","start":4235.51,"end":4235.75},{"text":"character.","start":4235.75,"end":4236.47}]},{"text":"While acknowledging the difficulties associated with defining such disputes, as also recognized by the Commission, we believe that further clarification in this regard would be beneficial.","start":4237.79,"end":4249.83,"topics":[{"key":"international-organization-disputes","label":"Dispute Settlement Involving International Organizations","description":"Speakers discussed guidelines for resolving disputes involving international organizations, States, and private parties, particularly the relationship between organizational immunity and effective access to justice. They considered the choice of judicial and alternative settlement mechanisms, party autonomy, power imbalances, and safeguards for impartiality and due process."}],"words":[{"text":"While","start":4237.79,"end":4238.11},{"text":"acknowledging","start":4238.11,"end":4238.71},{"text":"the","start":4238.71,"end":4238.87},{"text":"difficulties","start":4238.87,"end":4239.75},{"text":"associated","start":4239.75,"end":4240.39},{"text":"with","start":4240.39,"end":4240.59},{"text":"defining","start":4240.87,"end":4241.59},{"text":"such","start":4241.59,"end":4241.79},{"text":"disputes,","start":4241.79,"end":4242.47},{"text":"as","start":4243.75,"end":4243.91},{"text":"also","start":4243.91,"end":4244.23},{"text":"recognized","start":4244.23,"end":4244.71},{"text":"by","start":4244.71,"end":4244.87},{"text":"the","start":4244.87,"end":4244.95},{"text":"Commission,","start":4244.95,"end":4245.67},{"text":"we","start":4246.07,"end":4246.19},{"text":"believe","start":4246.19,"end":4246.59},{"text":"that","start":4246.87,"end":4247.11},{"text":"further","start":4247.11,"end":4247.39},{"text":"clarification","start":4247.39,"end":4248.15},{"text":"in","start":4248.15,"end":4248.31},{"text":"this","start":4248.31,"end":4248.47},{"text":"regard","start":4248.47,"end":4248.87},{"text":"would","start":4248.91,"end":4249.03},{"text":"be","start":4249.03,"end":4249.19},{"text":"beneficial.","start":4249.19,"end":4249.83}]},{"text":"Mr. Chair, lastly, turning to the topic of succession of states in respect of state responsibility, Slovakia takes note of the Commission's decision not to pursue consideration of this topic further.","start":4250.95,"end":4262.47,"topics":[{"key":"state-succession-responsibility","label":"State Succession and State Responsibility","description":"Delegations considered whether and how responsibility for internationally wrongful acts carries over following State succession, noting limited, diverse, and context-specific State practice. Views differed on the Commission’s decision to discontinue the topic, with some supporting caution and others emphasizing unresolved succession issues and the need for further legal guidance."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":4250.95,"end":4251.23},{"text":"Chair,","start":4251.23,"end":4251.67},{"text":"lastly,","start":4252.55,"end":4252.91},{"text":"turning","start":4252.91,"end":4253.19},{"text":"to","start":4253.19,"end":4253.27},{"text":"the","start":4253.27,"end":4253.35},{"text":"topic","start":4253.35,"end":4253.67},{"text":"of","start":4253.67,"end":4253.87},{"text":"succession","start":4253.87,"end":4254.31},{"text":"of","start":4254.31,"end":4254.47},{"text":"states","start":4254.47,"end":4254.79},{"text":"in","start":4254.79,"end":4254.95},{"text":"respect","start":4254.95,"end":4255.35},{"text":"of","start":4255.35,"end":4255.43},{"text":"state","start":4255.43,"end":4255.71},{"text":"responsibility,","start":4255.71,"end":4256.63},{"text":"Slovakia","start":4257.19,"end":4257.67},{"text":"takes","start":4257.67,"end":4257.99},{"text":"note","start":4257.99,"end":4258.19},{"text":"of","start":4258.71,"end":4258.87},{"text":"the","start":4258.87,"end":4258.95},{"text":"Commission's","start":4258.95,"end":4259.47},{"text":"decision","start":4259.47,"end":4259.95},{"text":"not","start":4259.95,"end":4260.11},{"text":"to","start":4260.11,"end":4260.23},{"text":"pursue","start":4260.23,"end":4260.55},{"text":"consideration","start":4260.55,"end":4261.35},{"text":"of","start":4261.35,"end":4261.59},{"text":"this","start":4261.59,"end":4261.79},{"text":"topic","start":4261.79,"end":4262.11},{"text":"further.","start":4262.11,"end":4262.47}]},{"text":"At the same time, we wish to express our disappointment with this outcome, particularly in view of the Commission's previous practice.","start":4263.91,"end":4271.43,"topics":[{"key":"state-succession-responsibility","label":"State Succession and State Responsibility","description":"Delegations considered whether and how responsibility for internationally wrongful acts carries over following State succession, noting limited, diverse, and context-specific State practice. Views differed on the Commission’s decision to discontinue the topic, with some supporting caution and others emphasizing unresolved succession issues and the need for further legal guidance."}],"words":[{"text":"At","start":4263.91,"end":4264.03},{"text":"the","start":4264.03,"end":4264.11},{"text":"same","start":4264.11,"end":4264.39},{"text":"time,","start":4264.39,"end":4264.79},{"text":"we","start":4265.03,"end":4265.11},{"text":"wish","start":4265.11,"end":4265.31},{"text":"to","start":4265.31,"end":4265.43},{"text":"express","start":4265.47,"end":4266.23},{"text":"our","start":4266.31,"end":4266.47},{"text":"disappointment","start":4266.47,"end":4267.23},{"text":"with","start":4267.23,"end":4267.39},{"text":"this","start":4267.39,"end":4267.59},{"text":"outcome,","start":4267.59,"end":4268.23},{"text":"particularly","start":4268.55,"end":4269.35},{"text":"in","start":4269.35,"end":4269.51},{"text":"view","start":4269.51,"end":4269.75},{"text":"of","start":4269.75,"end":4269.87},{"text":"the","start":4269.87,"end":4269.99},{"text":"Commission's","start":4269.99,"end":4270.47},{"text":"previous","start":4270.47,"end":4270.79},{"text":"practice.","start":4270.79,"end":4271.43}]},{"text":"While acknowledging the methodological and substantive challenges identified by the Working Group, we remain unconvinced that they provide sufficient grounds for discontinuing the work.","start":4272.35,"end":4282.63,"topics":[{"key":"state-succession-responsibility","label":"State Succession and State Responsibility","description":"Delegations considered whether and how responsibility for internationally wrongful acts carries over following State succession, noting limited, diverse, and context-specific State practice. 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Views differed on the Commission’s decision to discontinue the topic, with some supporting caution and others emphasizing unresolved succession issues and the need for further legal guidance."}],"words":[{"text":"Similar","start":4283.51,"end":4283.95},{"text":"difficulties,","start":4283.95,"end":4284.63},{"text":"including","start":4284.63,"end":4285.11},{"text":"the","start":4285.11,"end":4285.19},{"text":"distinction","start":4285.19,"end":4285.67},{"text":"between","start":4285.67,"end":4286.03},{"text":"codification","start":4286.03,"end":4286.79},{"text":"and","start":4286.79,"end":4286.95},{"text":"progressive","start":4286.95,"end":4287.43},{"text":"development,","start":4287.43,"end":4288.15},{"text":"as","start":4288.67,"end":4288.83},{"text":"well","start":4288.83,"end":4289.07},{"text":"as","start":4289.07,"end":4289.19},{"text":"the","start":4289.19,"end":4289.31},{"text":"scarcity","start":4289.55,"end":4290.11},{"text":"or","start":4290.11,"end":4290.27},{"text":"diversity","start":4290.27,"end":4290.83},{"text":"of","start":4290.83,"end":4290.95},{"text":"state","start":4290.95,"end":4291.15},{"text":"practice,","start":4291.15,"end":4291.79},{"text":"have","start":4292.03,"end":4292.19},{"text":"not","start":4292.19,"end":4292.31},{"text":"prevented","start":4292.31,"end":4292.75},{"text":"the","start":4292.75,"end":4292.83},{"text":"Commission","start":4292.83,"end":4293.31},{"text":"from","start":4293.31,"end":4293.55},{"text":"proceeding","start":4293.71,"end":4294.11},{"text":"with","start":4294.11,"end":4294.31},{"text":"other","start":4294.35,"end":4294.55},{"text":"topics.","start":4294.55,"end":4295.07}]},{"text":"We believe that alternative approaches could have been explored, including a narrower outcome identifying areas of convergence, diverging practice, and questions requiring settlement by agreement in individual cases.","start":4296.19,"end":4309.71,"topics":[{"key":"state-succession-responsibility","label":"State Succession and State Responsibility","description":"Delegations considered whether and how responsibility for internationally wrongful acts carries over following State succession, noting limited, diverse, and context-specific State practice. 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view of the above, we encourage the Commission to duly consider foreseeable challenges, practical usefulness for States, and expected contribution to the codification and progressive development of international law when including new topics in its programme of work with a view to ensuring the effective use of its 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thank you, Mr. Chair.","start":4331.83,"end":4332.79,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":4331.83,"end":4331.91},{"text":"thank","start":4331.91,"end":4332.15},{"text":"you,","start":4332.15,"end":4332.23},{"text":"Mr.","start":4332.23,"end":4332.51},{"text":"Chair.","start":4332.51,"end":4332.79}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"SVK","group":null,"function":null,"affiliation_full":"Slovakia"}},{"statement_number":20,"start":4335.75,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c6/81/34?lang=en&t=1:12:16","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of Slovakia for her statement, and now I would like to give the floor to the distinguished representative of 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you have the floor.","start":4344.63,"end":4345.59,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Please,","start":4344.63,"end":4344.95},{"text":"you","start":4344.95,"end":4345.07},{"text":"have","start":4345.07,"end":4345.19},{"text":"the","start":4345.19,"end":4345.31},{"text":"floor.","start":4345.31,"end":4345.59}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"6th Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair","affiliation_full":"6th Committee"}},{"statement_number":21,"start":4349.91,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c6/81/34?lang=en&t=1:12:30","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Mr. Chair.","start":4349.91,"end":4350.87,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":4349.91,"end":4350.11},{"text":"you,","start":4350.11,"end":4350.19},{"text":"Mr.","start":4350.19,"end":4350.51},{"text":"Chair.","start":4350.51,"end":4350.87}]},{"text":"India has the honour to address the Sixth Committee on Cluster II of the work of the International Law 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a founding member of the United Nations, India remains firmly committed to the purposes and principles of the Charter, including the peaceful settlement of 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principles and practices offer useful insights for the settlement of disputes involving international organizations.","start":4516.35,"end":4522.51,"topics":[{"key":"international-organization-disputes","label":"Dispute Settlement Involving International Organizations","description":"Speakers discussed guidelines for resolving disputes involving international organizations, States, and private parties, particularly the relationship between organizational immunity and effective access to justice. 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They considered the choice of judicial and alternative settlement mechanisms, party autonomy, power imbalances, and safeguards for impartiality and due process."}],"words":[{"text":"including","start":4522.99,"end":4523.43},{"text":"disputes","start":4523.43,"end":4523.87},{"text":"between","start":4523.87,"end":4524.27},{"text":"such","start":4524.27,"end":4524.47},{"text":"organizations","start":4524.47,"end":4525.23},{"text":"and","start":4525.23,"end":4525.39},{"text":"States.","start":4525.39,"end":4525.87}]},{"text":"A framework grounded in good faith, cooperation, and peaceful dispute settlement would promote legal certainty and facilitate constructive engagement among the parties concerned.","start":4526.51,"end":4535.47,"topics":[{"key":"international-organization-disputes","label":"Dispute Settlement Involving International Organizations","description":"Speakers discussed guidelines for resolving disputes involving international organizations, States, and private parties, particularly the relationship between organizational immunity and effective access to justice. 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first to subsidiary means for the determination of rules of international law, Thailand welcomes the Commission's adoption on first reading of the draft conclusions and commentary.","start":4681.07,"end":4693.59,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. 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Discussion focused on assessing their weight, maintaining representativeness, distinguishing legal analysis from political positions, and avoiding a system of binding judicial precedent."}],"words":[{"text":"Second,","start":4810.79,"end":4811.11},{"text":"with","start":4811.35,"end":4811.51},{"text":"respect","start":4811.51,"end":4812.19},{"text":"to","start":4812.31,"end":4812.43},{"text":"draft","start":4812.43,"end":4812.75},{"text":"conclusions","start":4812.75,"end":4813.35},{"text":"12","start":4813.43,"end":4813.91},{"text":"and","start":4813.91,"end":4814.07},{"text":"13,","start":4814.07,"end":4814.71},{"text":"Thailand","start":4815.03,"end":4815.35},{"text":"considers","start":4815.35,"end":4815.91},{"text":"that","start":4815.91,"end":4816.23},{"text":"particular","start":4816.23,"end":4816.83},{"text":"caution","start":4816.83,"end":4817.27},{"text":"is","start":4817.27,"end":4817.51},{"text":"warranted","start":4817.51,"end":4818.07},{"text":"regarding","start":4818.39,"end":4819.51},{"text":"resolutions","start":4819.51,"end":4820.27},{"text":"and","start":4820.27,"end":4820.51},{"text":"other","start":4820.51,"end":4820.71},{"text":"texts","start":4820.71,"end":4821.07},{"text":"adopted","start":4821.07,"end":4821.47},{"text":"by","start":4821.47,"end":4821.67},{"text":"international","start":4821.83,"end":4822.47},{"text":"organizations","start":4822.47,"end":4823.47},{"text":"or","start":4823.47,"end":4823.67},{"text":"at","start":4824.35,"end":4824.79},{"text":"governmental","start":4826.15,"end":4826.87},{"text":"conferences.","start":4827.35,"end":4828.23}]},{"text":"Such texts may reflect political or policy consideration rather than legal analysis.","start":4828.87,"end":4835.91,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. Discussion focused on assessing their weight, maintaining representativeness, distinguishing legal analysis from political positions, and avoiding a system of binding judicial precedent."}],"words":[{"text":"Such","start":4828.87,"end":4829.19},{"text":"texts","start":4829.19,"end":4829.67},{"text":"may","start":4829.75,"end":4830.07},{"text":"reflect","start":4830.63,"end":4831.03},{"text":"political","start":4831.03,"end":4831.67},{"text":"or","start":4831.67,"end":4831.83},{"text":"policy","start":4831.83,"end":4832.31},{"text":"consideration","start":4832.31,"end":4833.43},{"text":"rather","start":4833.99,"end":4834.43},{"text":"than","start":4834.43,"end":4834.55},{"text":"legal","start":4834.55,"end":4835.03},{"text":"analysis.","start":4835.15,"end":4835.91}]},{"text":"Depending on their content and the circumstances of their adoption, they may be more appropriately considered as evidence relevant to identifying state practice or opinio juris rather than as subsidiary means in themselves.","start":4836.71,"end":4851.27,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. 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They considered the choice of judicial and alternative settlement mechanisms, party autonomy, power imbalances, and safeguards for impartiality and due process."}],"words":[{"text":"Thailand","start":4947.51,"end":4947.91},{"text":"also","start":4947.91,"end":4948.15},{"text":"recognized","start":4948.15,"end":4948.91},{"text":"the","start":4948.91,"end":4948.99},{"text":"importance","start":4948.99,"end":4949.59},{"text":"of","start":4949.59,"end":4949.67},{"text":"both","start":4949.67,"end":4949.99},{"text":"the","start":4950.47,"end":4950.59},{"text":"immunities","start":4950.59,"end":4951.35},{"text":"of","start":4951.35,"end":4951.43},{"text":"international","start":4951.43,"end":4952.11},{"text":"organizations","start":4952.11,"end":4953.11},{"text":"and","start":4953.43,"end":4953.59},{"text":"access","start":4953.59,"end":4953.99},{"text":"to","start":4953.99,"end":4954.11},{"text":"justice.","start":4954.11,"end":4954.71}]},{"text":"Immunity serves to safeguard the independence and effective performance of international organizations' functions, as draft guidelines 9 recognize, while access to appropriate means of dispute settlement, addressed in draft guidelines 10 and 11, is equally important.","start":4955.27,"end":4972.63,"topics":[{"key":"international-organization-disputes","label":"Dispute Settlement Involving International Organizations","description":"Speakers discussed guidelines for resolving disputes involving international organizations, States, and private parties, particularly the relationship between organizational immunity and effective access to justice. 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They considered the choice of judicial and alternative settlement mechanisms, party autonomy, power imbalances, and safeguards for impartiality and due process."}],"words":[{"text":"Thailand","start":4988.51,"end":4988.91},{"text":"further","start":4988.91,"end":4989.23},{"text":"considers","start":4989.23,"end":4989.83},{"text":"that","start":4989.83,"end":4990.11},{"text":"non-adjudicatory","start":4990.27,"end":4991.63},{"text":"means,","start":4991.63,"end":4992.19},{"text":"including","start":4992.19,"end":4992.71},{"text":"negotiation,","start":4992.71,"end":4993.63},{"text":"mediation,","start":4993.95,"end":4994.83},{"text":"and","start":4995.19,"end":4995.39},{"text":"conciliation,","start":4995.63,"end":4996.59},{"text":"should","start":4996.59,"end":4996.87},{"text":"retain","start":4996.87,"end":4997.19},{"text":"an","start":4997.19,"end":4997.39},{"text":"appropriate","start":4997.39,"end":4998.03},{"text":"place","start":4998.03,"end":4998.35},{"text":"within","start":4998.35,"end":4998.75},{"text":"this","start":4998.75,"end":4998.91},{"text":"framework.","start":4998.91,"end":4999.55}]},{"text":"In keeping with the emphasis in draft guidelines 4 and 8 on settlement in good faith and in a spirit of cooperation, the choice of mechanism should be guided by the nature and circumstances of each dispute, without necessarily prioritizing adjudicatory means in all cases.","start":4999.99,"end":5019.11,"topics":[{"key":"international-organization-disputes","label":"Dispute Settlement Involving International Organizations","description":"Speakers discussed guidelines for resolving disputes involving international organizations, States, and private parties, particularly the relationship between organizational immunity and effective access to justice. They considered the choice of judicial and alternative settlement mechanisms, party autonomy, power imbalances, and safeguards for impartiality and due process."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":4999.99,"end":5000.15},{"text":"keeping","start":5000.15,"end":5000.47},{"text":"with","start":5000.47,"end":5000.75},{"text":"the","start":5000.75,"end":5000.83},{"text":"emphasis","start":5001.27,"end":5001.83},{"text":"in","start":5001.83,"end":5001.91},{"text":"draft","start":5001.91,"end":5002.27},{"text":"guidelines","start":5002.27,"end":5002.63},{"text":"4","start":5002.63,"end":5002.91},{"text":"and","start":5002.91,"end":5003.11},{"text":"8","start":5003.11,"end":5003.51},{"text":"on","start":5003.83,"end":5003.99},{"text":"settlement","start":5003.99,"end":5004.43},{"text":"in","start":5004.43,"end":5004.55},{"text":"good","start":5004.55,"end":5004.87},{"text":"faith","start":5004.87,"end":5005.27},{"text":"and","start":5005.91,"end":5006.15},{"text":"in","start":5006.15,"end":5006.31},{"text":"a","start":5006.31,"end":5006.35},{"text":"spirit","start":5006.35,"end":5006.75},{"text":"of","start":5006.75,"end":5006.87},{"text":"cooperation,","start":5006.87,"end":5007.83},{"text":"the","start":5007.99,"end":5008.11},{"text":"choice","start":5008.15,"end":5008.47},{"text":"of","start":5008.47,"end":5008.55},{"text":"mechanism","start":5008.63,"end":5009.27},{"text":"should","start":5009.27,"end":5009.43},{"text":"be","start":5009.43,"end":5009.59},{"text":"guided","start":5009.59,"end":5009.99},{"text":"by","start":5009.99,"end":5010.15},{"text":"the","start":5010.15,"end":5010.27},{"text":"nature","start":5010.27,"end":5010.83},{"text":"and","start":5010.83,"end":5011.03},{"text":"circumstances","start":5011.03,"end":5011.95},{"text":"of","start":5011.95,"end":5012.07},{"text":"each","start":5012.15,"end":5012.39},{"text":"dispute,","start":5012.39,"end":5013.03},{"text":"without","start":5013.35,"end":5013.67},{"text":"necessarily","start":5013.67,"end":5014.39},{"text":"prioritizing","start":5015.03,"end":5016.23},{"text":"adjudicatory","start":5016.95,"end":5017.83},{"text":"means","start":5017.83,"end":5018.23},{"text":"in","start":5018.23,"end":5018.39},{"text":"all","start":5018.39,"end":5018.47},{"text":"cases.","start":5018.47,"end":5019.11}]},{"text":"With respect to access to justice and Procedural safeguards, Thailand encouraged the Commission to consider where appropriate, relevant human rights and labor standards, as well as other protections afforded to private parties, particularly in contractual and employment relationships.","start":5020.95,"end":5039.99,"topics":[{"key":"international-organization-disputes","label":"Dispute Settlement Involving International Organizations","description":"Speakers discussed guidelines for resolving disputes involving international organizations, States, and private parties, particularly the relationship between organizational immunity and effective access to justice. They considered the choice of judicial and alternative settlement mechanisms, party autonomy, power imbalances, and safeguards for impartiality and due process."}],"words":[{"text":"With","start":5020.95,"end":5021.27},{"text":"respect","start":5021.43,"end":5021.95},{"text":"to","start":5021.95,"end":5022.03},{"text":"access","start":5022.15,"end":5022.55},{"text":"to","start":5022.55,"end":5022.67},{"text":"justice","start":5022.67,"end":5023.27},{"text":"and","start":5023.35,"end":5023.59},{"text":"Procedural","start":5024.07,"end":5024.71},{"text":"safeguards,","start":5024.71,"end":5025.35},{"text":"Thailand","start":5025.59,"end":5025.95},{"text":"encouraged","start":5025.95,"end":5026.71},{"text":"the","start":5026.79,"end":5026.95},{"text":"Commission","start":5026.95,"end":5027.59},{"text":"to","start":5027.75,"end":5027.83},{"text":"consider","start":5027.83,"end":5028.55},{"text":"where","start":5028.59,"end":5028.79},{"text":"appropriate,","start":5028.79,"end":5029.67},{"text":"relevant","start":5029.91,"end":5030.47},{"text":"human","start":5030.47,"end":5030.79},{"text":"rights","start":5030.79,"end":5031.19},{"text":"and","start":5031.19,"end":5031.35},{"text":"labor","start":5031.35,"end":5031.75},{"text":"standards,","start":5031.75,"end":5032.39},{"text":"as","start":5032.79,"end":5032.95},{"text":"well","start":5032.95,"end":5033.19},{"text":"as","start":5033.19,"end":5033.35},{"text":"other","start":5033.35,"end":5033.63},{"text":"protections","start":5033.63,"end":5034.27},{"text":"afforded","start":5034.27,"end":5034.67},{"text":"to","start":5034.67,"end":5034.79},{"text":"private","start":5034.79,"end":5035.59},{"text":"parties,","start":5035.59,"end":5036.23},{"text":"particularly","start":5036.47,"end":5037.35},{"text":"in","start":5037.35,"end":5037.43},{"text":"contractual","start":5037.43,"end":5038.55},{"text":"and","start":5038.55,"end":5038.71},{"text":"employment","start":5038.71,"end":5039.19},{"text":"relationships.","start":5039.19,"end":5039.99}]},{"text":"Thailand looks forward to continue consideration of this topic with a view to finalizing practical guidelines that reflects the diversity of international organization and legal framework governing their activity.","start":5040.95,"end":5055.31,"topics":[{"key":"international-organization-disputes","label":"Dispute Settlement Involving International Organizations","description":"Speakers discussed guidelines for resolving disputes involving international organizations, States, and private parties, particularly the relationship between organizational immunity and effective access to justice. They considered the choice of judicial and alternative settlement mechanisms, party autonomy, power imbalances, and safeguards for impartiality and due process."}],"words":[{"text":"Thailand","start":5040.95,"end":5041.27},{"text":"looks","start":5041.27,"end":5041.51},{"text":"forward","start":5041.51,"end":5041.91},{"text":"to","start":5041.91,"end":5042.23},{"text":"continue","start":5042.23,"end":5042.95},{"text":"consideration","start":5043.19,"end":5043.95},{"text":"of","start":5043.95,"end":5044.03},{"text":"this","start":5044.03,"end":5044.23},{"text":"topic","start":5044.23,"end":5044.71},{"text":"with","start":5044.79,"end":5045.03},{"text":"a","start":5045.19,"end":5045.35},{"text":"view","start":5045.35,"end":5045.75},{"text":"to","start":5045.75,"end":5045.87},{"text":"finalizing","start":5046.23,"end":5046.95},{"text":"practical","start":5046.95,"end":5047.43},{"text":"guidelines","start":5047.43,"end":5047.99},{"text":"that","start":5048.07,"end":5048.23},{"text":"reflects","start":5048.23,"end":5048.79},{"text":"the","start":5048.87,"end":5049.07},{"text":"diversity","start":5049.07,"end":5049.75},{"text":"of","start":5049.75,"end":5049.91},{"text":"international","start":5049.91,"end":5050.55},{"text":"organization","start":5050.55,"end":5051.51},{"text":"and","start":5051.95,"end":5052.19},{"text":"legal","start":5052.19,"end":5052.59},{"text":"framework","start":5052.59,"end":5053.55},{"text":"governing","start":5053.95,"end":5054.51},{"text":"their","start":5054.51,"end":5054.63},{"text":"activity.","start":5054.63,"end":5055.31}]},{"text":"Mr. Chair, turning to succession of States in respect to State responsibility, Thailand expresses appreciation for the extensive work undertaken by the Commission, the former Special Rapporteur, and the Working Group on this complex subject.","start":5055.95,"end":5071.55,"topics":[{"key":"state-succession-responsibility","label":"State Succession and State Responsibility","description":"Delegations considered whether and how responsibility for internationally wrongful acts carries over following State succession, noting limited, diverse, and context-specific State practice. Views differed on the Commission’s decision to discontinue the topic, with some supporting caution and others emphasizing unresolved succession issues and the need for further legal guidance."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":5055.95,"end":5056.35},{"text":"Chair,","start":5056.35,"end":5056.75},{"text":"turning","start":5058.03,"end":5058.43},{"text":"to","start":5058.43,"end":5058.83},{"text":"succession","start":5058.83,"end":5059.39},{"text":"of","start":5059.39,"end":5059.51},{"text":"States","start":5059.51,"end":5059.87},{"text":"in","start":5059.87,"end":5060.03},{"text":"respect","start":5060.03,"end":5060.55},{"text":"to","start":5060.55,"end":5060.63},{"text":"State","start":5060.63,"end":5060.99},{"text":"responsibility,","start":5060.99,"end":5061.95},{"text":"Thailand","start":5062.27,"end":5062.59},{"text":"expresses","start":5062.59,"end":5063.15},{"text":"appreciation","start":5063.15,"end":5063.95},{"text":"for","start":5063.95,"end":5064.11},{"text":"the","start":5064.67,"end":5064.75},{"text":"extensive","start":5064.75,"end":5065.55},{"text":"work","start":5065.55,"end":5065.87},{"text":"undertaken","start":5065.91,"end":5066.51},{"text":"by","start":5066.51,"end":5066.63},{"text":"the","start":5066.63,"end":5066.71},{"text":"Commission,","start":5066.71,"end":5067.39},{"text":"the","start":5067.63,"end":5067.75},{"text":"former","start":5067.75,"end":5068.11},{"text":"Special","start":5068.11,"end":5068.63},{"text":"Rapporteur,","start":5068.63,"end":5069.39},{"text":"and","start":5069.55,"end":5069.67},{"text":"the","start":5069.67,"end":5069.75},{"text":"Working","start":5069.75,"end":5070.11},{"text":"Group","start":5070.11,"end":5070.35},{"text":"on","start":5070.35,"end":5070.51},{"text":"this","start":5070.51,"end":5070.67},{"text":"complex","start":5070.67,"end":5071.19},{"text":"subject.","start":5071.19,"end":5071.55}]},{"text":"Thailand agrees with the Working Group's assessment that the available State practice and opinio juris do not provide a sufficiently clear and consistent basis for identifying rules of customary international law in these areas.","start":5072.35,"end":5088.15,"topics":[{"key":"state-succession-responsibility","label":"State Succession and State Responsibility","description":"Delegations considered whether and how responsibility for internationally wrongful acts carries over following State succession, noting limited, diverse, and context-specific State practice. Views differed on the Commission’s decision to discontinue the topic, with some supporting caution and others emphasizing unresolved succession issues and the need for further legal guidance."}],"words":[{"text":"Thailand","start":5072.35,"end":5072.79},{"text":"agrees","start":5072.79,"end":5073.23},{"text":"with","start":5073.23,"end":5073.43},{"text":"the","start":5073.43,"end":5073.51},{"text":"Working","start":5073.55,"end":5073.95},{"text":"Group's","start":5073.95,"end":5074.35},{"text":"assessment","start":5074.35,"end":5074.79},{"text":"that","start":5074.79,"end":5075.07},{"text":"the","start":5075.47,"end":5075.71},{"text":"available","start":5075.79,"end":5076.27},{"text":"State","start":5076.27,"end":5076.51},{"text":"practice","start":5076.51,"end":5076.99},{"text":"and","start":5077.15,"end":5077.47},{"text":"opinio","start":5078.55,"end":5079.11},{"text":"juris","start":5079.11,"end":5079.59},{"text":"do","start":5079.75,"end":5079.91},{"text":"not","start":5079.91,"end":5080.07},{"text":"provide","start":5080.07,"end":5080.63},{"text":"a","start":5081.11,"end":5081.19},{"text":"sufficiently","start":5081.19,"end":5081.83},{"text":"clear","start":5081.83,"end":5082.31},{"text":"and","start":5082.55,"end":5082.71},{"text":"consistent","start":5082.71,"end":5083.31},{"text":"basis","start":5083.31,"end":5083.83},{"text":"for","start":5084.23,"end":5084.43},{"text":"identifying","start":5084.43,"end":5085.11},{"text":"rules","start":5085.11,"end":5085.47},{"text":"of","start":5085.47,"end":5085.59},{"text":"customary","start":5085.67,"end":5086.31},{"text":"international","start":5086.31,"end":5087.03},{"text":"law","start":5087.03,"end":5087.11},{"text":"in","start":5087.11,"end":5087.23},{"text":"these","start":5087.23,"end":5087.43},{"text":"areas.","start":5087.59,"end":5088.15}]},{"text":"The diversity, limited nature, and context-specific character of relevant practice call for caution before drawing generally applicable legal conclusions.","start":5088.79,"end":5099.27,"topics":[{"key":"state-succession-responsibility","label":"State Succession and State Responsibility","description":"Delegations considered whether and how responsibility for internationally wrongful acts carries over following State succession, noting limited, diverse, and context-specific State practice. Views differed on the Commission’s decision to discontinue the topic, with some supporting caution and others emphasizing unresolved succession issues and the need for further legal guidance."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":5088.79,"end":5088.87},{"text":"diversity,","start":5088.87,"end":5089.67},{"text":"limited","start":5089.83,"end":5090.27},{"text":"nature,","start":5090.27,"end":5090.87},{"text":"and","start":5091.15,"end":5091.35},{"text":"context-specific","start":5091.35,"end":5092.19},{"text":"character","start":5092.19,"end":5092.63},{"text":"of","start":5092.63,"end":5092.79},{"text":"relevant","start":5093.27,"end":5093.67},{"text":"practice","start":5093.67,"end":5094.15},{"text":"call","start":5094.47,"end":5094.71},{"text":"for","start":5094.71,"end":5094.87},{"text":"caution","start":5094.87,"end":5095.51},{"text":"before","start":5095.51,"end":5095.87},{"text":"drawing","start":5095.87,"end":5096.23},{"text":"generally","start":5096.55,"end":5097.27},{"text":"applicable","start":5097.27,"end":5098.03},{"text":"legal","start":5098.03,"end":5098.31},{"text":"conclusions.","start":5098.31,"end":5099.27}]},{"text":"Thailand therefore supports the Commission decision not to pursue the topic further at this stage, without precluding the continued development of relevant state practice and international law in the future.","start":5099.75,"end":5112.31,"topics":[{"key":"state-succession-responsibility","label":"State Succession and State Responsibility","description":"Delegations considered whether and how responsibility for internationally wrongful acts carries over following State succession, noting limited, diverse, and context-specific State practice. 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Chair, In conclusion, Thailand reiterates its sincere appreciation for the Commission's dedicated work and significant contributions to the codification and progressive development of international 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reaffirm our strong support for the Commission and look forward to its continued contributions to strengthening the international legal 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chapters 6, 7, and 8 of the report contained in document A/81/10.","start":5170.43,"end":5177.59,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"on","start":5170.43,"end":5170.71},{"text":"chapters","start":5171.19,"end":5171.59},{"text":"6,","start":5171.59,"end":5172.27},{"text":"7,","start":5172.27,"end":5172.71},{"text":"and","start":5172.71,"end":5172.91},{"text":"8","start":5172.91,"end":5173.11},{"text":"of","start":5173.11,"end":5173.23},{"text":"the","start":5173.23,"end":5173.31},{"text":"report","start":5173.31,"end":5173.75},{"text":"contained","start":5173.75,"end":5174.39},{"text":"in","start":5174.39,"end":5174.51},{"text":"document","start":5174.51,"end":5175.19},{"text":"A/81/10.","start":5175.27,"end":5177.59}]},{"text":"On the topic of subsidiary means for the determination of rules of international law, Nigeria congratulates the Special Rapporteur, Professor Charles Chernor Jalloh, on the adoption on first reading of 13 draft conclusions and 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are pleased that a highly resourceful African jurist had led this work to this stage.","start":5194.15,"end":5199.59,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":5194.15,"end":5194.39},{"text":"are","start":5194.39,"end":5194.47},{"text":"pleased","start":5194.47,"end":5194.99},{"text":"that","start":5195.03,"end":5195.19},{"text":"a","start":5195.27,"end":5195.31},{"text":"highly","start":5195.31,"end":5195.75},{"text":"resourceful","start":5195.75,"end":5196.55},{"text":"African","start":5196.55,"end":5197.11},{"text":"jurist","start":5197.11,"end":5197.51},{"text":"had","start":5197.51,"end":5197.75},{"text":"led","start":5197.75,"end":5197.95},{"text":"this","start":5197.95,"end":5198.15},{"text":"work","start":5198.15,"end":5198.63},{"text":"to","start":5198.63,"end":5198.75},{"text":"this","start":5198.87,"end":5199.07},{"text":"stage.","start":5199.07,"end":5199.59}]},{"text":"Nigeria will study the draft conclusions carefully and submit written comments before 1 December 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Discussion focused on assessing their weight, maintaining representativeness, distinguishing legal analysis from political positions, and avoiding a system of binding judicial precedent."}],"words":[{"text":"Judicial","start":5236.03,"end":5236.67},{"text":"decisions","start":5236.67,"end":5237.31},{"text":"have","start":5237.31,"end":5237.63},{"text":"no","start":5237.63,"end":5237.79},{"text":"binding","start":5237.79,"end":5238.27},{"text":"force","start":5238.27,"end":5238.67},{"text":"except","start":5238.67,"end":5239.07},{"text":"between","start":5239.07,"end":5239.35},{"text":"the","start":5239.35,"end":5239.47},{"text":"parties","start":5239.47,"end":5240.03},{"text":"and","start":5240.07,"end":5240.27},{"text":"in","start":5240.27,"end":5240.35},{"text":"respect","start":5240.35,"end":5240.75},{"text":"of","start":5240.75,"end":5240.83},{"text":"the","start":5240.83,"end":5240.91},{"text":"particular","start":5240.91,"end":5241.47},{"text":"case,","start":5241.47,"end":5241.95},{"text":"as","start":5241.95,"end":5242.19},{"text":"Article","start":5242.19,"end":5242.51},{"text":"59","start":5242.51,"end":5242.91},{"text":"of","start":5242.91,"end":5242.99},{"text":"the","start":5242.99,"end":5243.07},{"text":"Statute","start":5243.07,"end":5243.55},{"text":"provides.","start":5243.67,"end":5244.35}]},{"text":"And the draft conclusions should not be read as creating a system of binding precedents at international level.","start":5244.67,"end":5251.63,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. 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Discussion focused on assessing their weight, maintaining representativeness, distinguishing legal analysis from political positions, and avoiding a system of binding judicial precedent."}],"words":[{"text":"Their","start":5252.27,"end":5252.59},{"text":"weight","start":5252.59,"end":5252.99},{"text":"depends","start":5252.99,"end":5253.47},{"text":"on","start":5253.47,"end":5253.59},{"text":"the","start":5253.59,"end":5253.71},{"text":"quality","start":5253.71,"end":5254.51},{"text":"of","start":5254.51,"end":5254.75},{"text":"their","start":5254.75,"end":5255.11},{"text":"reasoning","start":5255.11,"end":5255.63},{"text":"and","start":5255.79,"end":5256.27},{"text":"on","start":5256.27,"end":5256.51},{"text":"their","start":5256.51,"end":5256.71},{"text":"reception","start":5256.71,"end":5257.39},{"text":"by","start":5257.47,"end":5257.79},{"text":"states.","start":5257.79,"end":5258.35}]},{"text":"Nigeria's own legal order illustrates why teachings of publicists must be drawn from all legal systems.","start":5258.99,"end":5266.83,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. Discussion focused on assessing their weight, maintaining representativeness, distinguishing legal analysis from political positions, and avoiding a system of binding judicial precedent."}],"words":[{"text":"Nigeria's","start":5258.99,"end":5259.63},{"text":"own","start":5259.71,"end":5259.95},{"text":"legal","start":5259.95,"end":5260.43},{"text":"order","start":5260.43,"end":5260.83},{"text":"illustrates","start":5260.91,"end":5261.55},{"text":"why","start":5261.55,"end":5261.95},{"text":"teachings","start":5261.95,"end":5262.75},{"text":"of","start":5262.75,"end":5262.99},{"text":"publicists","start":5262.99,"end":5263.71},{"text":"must","start":5263.71,"end":5264.07},{"text":"be","start":5264.07,"end":5264.15},{"text":"drawn","start":5264.15,"end":5264.67},{"text":"from","start":5264.67,"end":5264.99},{"text":"all","start":5265.07,"end":5265.51},{"text":"legal","start":5265.51,"end":5266.03},{"text":"systems.","start":5266.03,"end":5266.83}]},{"text":"Nigeria applies the common law, customary law, and Islamic law, and our courts treat foreign and international decisions as persuasive and not binding authority.","start":5267.55,"end":5277.39,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Nigeria","start":5267.55,"end":5267.99},{"text":"applies","start":5267.99,"end":5268.59},{"text":"the","start":5268.59,"end":5268.71},{"text":"common","start":5268.71,"end":5269.07},{"text":"law,","start":5269.07,"end":5269.47},{"text":"customary","start":5269.55,"end":5270.07},{"text":"law,","start":5270.07,"end":5270.35},{"text":"and","start":5270.39,"end":5270.55},{"text":"Islamic","start":5270.55,"end":5271.07},{"text":"law,","start":5271.07,"end":5271.43},{"text":"and","start":5271.43,"end":5271.59},{"text":"our","start":5271.63,"end":5271.79},{"text":"courts","start":5271.79,"end":5272.19},{"text":"treat","start":5272.19,"end":5272.51},{"text":"foreign","start":5272.51,"end":5272.99},{"text":"and","start":5272.99,"end":5273.15},{"text":"international","start":5273.15,"end":5273.79},{"text":"decisions","start":5273.79,"end":5274.43},{"text":"as","start":5274.51,"end":5274.63},{"text":"persuasive","start":5274.75,"end":5275.63},{"text":"and","start":5275.67,"end":5275.91},{"text":"not","start":5275.91,"end":5276.03},{"text":"binding","start":5276.03,"end":5276.55},{"text":"authority.","start":5276.67,"end":5277.39}]},{"text":"Under section 12 of the Constitution of Nigeria, a treaty has the force of law in Nigeria only once enacted by the National Assembly.","start":5278.19,"end":5286.19,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Under","start":5278.19,"end":5278.51},{"text":"section","start":5278.51,"end":5278.91},{"text":"12","start":5278.91,"end":5279.31},{"text":"of","start":5279.31,"end":5279.47},{"text":"the","start":5279.47,"end":5279.55},{"text":"Constitution","start":5279.55,"end":5280.11},{"text":"of","start":5280.11,"end":5280.19},{"text":"Nigeria,","start":5280.19,"end":5280.87},{"text":"a","start":5280.87,"end":5280.91},{"text":"treaty","start":5280.91,"end":5281.39},{"text":"has","start":5281.39,"end":5281.63},{"text":"the","start":5281.63,"end":5281.75},{"text":"force","start":5281.75,"end":5282.19},{"text":"of","start":5282.19,"end":5282.35},{"text":"law","start":5282.35,"end":5282.67},{"text":"in","start":5282.67,"end":5282.87},{"text":"Nigeria","start":5282.87,"end":5283.39},{"text":"only","start":5283.39,"end":5283.79},{"text":"once","start":5283.79,"end":5284.27},{"text":"enacted","start":5284.27,"end":5284.91},{"text":"by","start":5284.91,"end":5285.07},{"text":"the","start":5285.07,"end":5285.19},{"text":"National","start":5285.19,"end":5285.59},{"text":"Assembly.","start":5285.59,"end":5286.19}]},{"text":"The Commission should therefore give full weight to the decisions of national courts from all regions and to the teachings of scholars' writings in different languages and traditions, including African scholarship.","start":5286.83,"end":5299.71,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. Discussion focused on assessing their weight, maintaining representativeness, distinguishing legal analysis from political positions, and avoiding a system of binding judicial precedent."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":5286.83,"end":5286.95},{"text":"Commission","start":5286.99,"end":5287.39},{"text":"should","start":5287.39,"end":5287.67},{"text":"therefore","start":5287.67,"end":5288.11},{"text":"give","start":5288.11,"end":5288.31},{"text":"full","start":5288.31,"end":5288.83},{"text":"weight","start":5288.83,"end":5289.23},{"text":"to","start":5289.39,"end":5289.51},{"text":"the","start":5289.55,"end":5289.67},{"text":"decisions","start":5289.71,"end":5290.27},{"text":"of","start":5290.27,"end":5290.43},{"text":"national","start":5290.43,"end":5290.91},{"text":"courts","start":5290.91,"end":5291.31},{"text":"from","start":5291.31,"end":5291.63},{"text":"all","start":5291.63,"end":5292.03},{"text":"regions","start":5292.03,"end":5292.67},{"text":"and","start":5292.67,"end":5292.91},{"text":"to","start":5292.91,"end":5292.99},{"text":"the","start":5292.99,"end":5293.07},{"text":"teachings","start":5293.07,"end":5293.63},{"text":"of","start":5293.63,"end":5293.79},{"text":"scholars'","start":5293.79,"end":5294.59},{"text":"writings","start":5294.83,"end":5295.47},{"text":"in","start":5295.47,"end":5295.63},{"text":"different","start":5295.63,"end":5296.11},{"text":"languages","start":5296.11,"end":5296.75},{"text":"and","start":5296.79,"end":5296.95},{"text":"traditions,","start":5296.95,"end":5297.63},{"text":"including","start":5297.63,"end":5298.15},{"text":"African","start":5298.35,"end":5298.99},{"text":"scholarship.","start":5298.99,"end":5299.71}]},{"text":"Nigeria remains cautious about extending the category of other means to the outputs of expert bodies, which cannot substitute for the practice and acceptance of states.","start":5300.39,"end":5311.51,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. Discussion focused on assessing their weight, maintaining representativeness, distinguishing legal analysis from political positions, and avoiding a system of binding judicial precedent."}],"words":[{"text":"Nigeria","start":5300.39,"end":5300.83},{"text":"remains","start":5300.83,"end":5301.35},{"text":"cautious","start":5301.35,"end":5301.99},{"text":"about","start":5302.07,"end":5302.63},{"text":"extending","start":5302.63,"end":5303.23},{"text":"the","start":5303.23,"end":5303.31},{"text":"category","start":5303.31,"end":5304.07},{"text":"of","start":5304.07,"end":5304.31},{"text":"other","start":5304.55,"end":5304.87},{"text":"means","start":5304.87,"end":5305.27},{"text":"to","start":5305.27,"end":5305.51},{"text":"the","start":5305.51,"end":5305.63},{"text":"outputs","start":5305.63,"end":5306.23},{"text":"of","start":5306.23,"end":5306.47},{"text":"expert","start":5306.47,"end":5306.95},{"text":"bodies,","start":5306.95,"end":5307.51},{"text":"which","start":5307.67,"end":5307.99},{"text":"cannot","start":5307.99,"end":5308.35},{"text":"substitute","start":5308.35,"end":5308.95},{"text":"for","start":5308.95,"end":5309.11},{"text":"the","start":5309.11,"end":5309.19},{"text":"practice","start":5309.19,"end":5309.83},{"text":"and","start":5310.11,"end":5310.23},{"text":"acceptance","start":5310.23,"end":5310.95},{"text":"of","start":5310.95,"end":5311.03},{"text":"states.","start":5311.03,"end":5311.51}]},{"text":"Nigeria believes that persuasive force of such outputs depends on the extent to which they reflect practice and acceptance.","start":5312.15,"end":5320.71,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. Discussion focused on assessing their weight, maintaining representativeness, distinguishing legal analysis from political positions, and avoiding a system of binding judicial precedent."}],"words":[{"text":"Nigeria","start":5312.15,"end":5312.55},{"text":"believes","start":5312.55,"end":5313.11},{"text":"that","start":5313.11,"end":5313.43},{"text":"persuasive","start":5313.43,"end":5314.03},{"text":"force","start":5314.03,"end":5314.55},{"text":"of","start":5314.55,"end":5314.71},{"text":"such","start":5314.71,"end":5315.11},{"text":"outputs","start":5315.19,"end":5315.75},{"text":"depends","start":5315.79,"end":5316.35},{"text":"on","start":5316.35,"end":5316.47},{"text":"the","start":5316.47,"end":5316.59},{"text":"extent","start":5316.59,"end":5317.19},{"text":"to","start":5317.35,"end":5317.47},{"text":"which","start":5317.47,"end":5317.91},{"text":"they","start":5318.07,"end":5318.31},{"text":"reflect","start":5318.31,"end":5318.95},{"text":"practice","start":5319.03,"end":5319.67},{"text":"and","start":5319.67,"end":5319.91},{"text":"acceptance.","start":5319.91,"end":5320.71}]},{"text":"Mr. Chair.","start":5321.11,"end":5321.75,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":5321.11,"end":5321.43},{"text":"Chair.","start":5321.43,"end":5321.75}]},{"text":"On the topic of settlement of disputes to which international organizations are parties, Nigeria takes note of the adoption on first reading of 12 draft guidelines and commentaries, and of the third report of the Special Rapporteur on disputes between international organizations and private parties.","start":5322.67,"end":5340.83,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"On","start":5322.67,"end":5322.83},{"text":"the","start":5322.83,"end":5322.91},{"text":"topic","start":5322.91,"end":5323.35},{"text":"of","start":5323.35,"end":5323.47},{"text":"settlement","start":5323.47,"end":5324.03},{"text":"of","start":5324.03,"end":5324.19},{"text":"disputes","start":5324.19,"end":5324.79},{"text":"to","start":5324.79,"end":5324.91},{"text":"which","start":5324.91,"end":5325.15},{"text":"international","start":5325.15,"end":5325.87},{"text":"organizations","start":5325.87,"end":5326.67},{"text":"are","start":5326.67,"end":5326.83},{"text":"parties,","start":5326.83,"end":5327.47},{"text":"Nigeria","start":5327.79,"end":5328.19},{"text":"takes","start":5328.19,"end":5328.59},{"text":"note","start":5328.59,"end":5328.91},{"text":"of","start":5328.99,"end":5329.15},{"text":"the","start":5329.19,"end":5329.27},{"text":"adoption","start":5329.27,"end":5329.87},{"text":"on","start":5329.87,"end":5330.03},{"text":"first","start":5330.03,"end":5330.39},{"text":"reading","start":5330.39,"end":5330.63},{"text":"of","start":5330.63,"end":5330.75},{"text":"12","start":5330.75,"end":5331.15},{"text":"draft","start":5331.15,"end":5331.55},{"text":"guidelines","start":5331.55,"end":5332.27},{"text":"and","start":5332.27,"end":5332.51},{"text":"commentaries,","start":5332.51,"end":5333.47},{"text":"and","start":5333.87,"end":5334.07},{"text":"of","start":5334.07,"end":5334.15},{"text":"the","start":5334.15,"end":5334.23},{"text":"third","start":5334.27,"end":5334.59},{"text":"report","start":5334.59,"end":5335.11},{"text":"of","start":5335.11,"end":5335.23},{"text":"the","start":5335.23,"end":5335.31},{"text":"Special","start":5335.31,"end":5335.79},{"text":"Rapporteur","start":5335.79,"end":5336.55},{"text":"on","start":5336.55,"end":5336.75},{"text":"disputes","start":5336.75,"end":5337.31},{"text":"between","start":5337.31,"end":5337.79},{"text":"international","start":5337.95,"end":5338.59},{"text":"organizations","start":5338.59,"end":5339.31},{"text":"and","start":5339.39,"end":5339.67},{"text":"private","start":5339.67,"end":5340.27},{"text":"parties.","start":5340.27,"end":5340.83}]},{"text":"This topic has practical importance for host states.","start":5341.39,"end":5344.75,"topics":[{"key":"international-organization-disputes","label":"Dispute Settlement Involving International Organizations","description":"Speakers discussed guidelines for resolving disputes involving international organizations, States, and private parties, particularly the relationship between organizational immunity and effective access to justice. They considered the choice of judicial and alternative settlement mechanisms, party autonomy, power imbalances, and safeguards for impartiality and due process."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":5341.39,"end":5341.63},{"text":"topic","start":5341.63,"end":5342.03},{"text":"has","start":5342.03,"end":5342.35},{"text":"practical","start":5342.35,"end":5342.91},{"text":"importance","start":5342.91,"end":5343.55},{"text":"for","start":5343.55,"end":5343.71},{"text":"host","start":5343.71,"end":5344.11},{"text":"states.","start":5344.11,"end":5344.75}]},{"text":"Nigeria fully respects the privileges and immunities of the United Nations and other international organizations, including under the Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations of 1946, to which Nigeria succeeded without reservation, and under its host country agreement.","start":5345.27,"end":5364.39,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Nigeria","start":5345.27,"end":5345.71},{"text":"fully","start":5345.71,"end":5346.11},{"text":"respects","start":5346.11,"end":5346.67},{"text":"the","start":5346.67,"end":5346.75},{"text":"privileges","start":5346.75,"end":5347.39},{"text":"and","start":5347.39,"end":5347.55},{"text":"immunities","start":5347.55,"end":5348.23},{"text":"of","start":5348.23,"end":5348.39},{"text":"the","start":5348.39,"end":5348.47},{"text":"United","start":5348.47,"end":5348.87},{"text":"Nations","start":5348.87,"end":5349.51},{"text":"and","start":5349.99,"end":5350.23},{"text":"other","start":5350.23,"end":5350.47},{"text":"international","start":5350.47,"end":5350.95},{"text":"organizations,","start":5350.95,"end":5351.75},{"text":"including","start":5351.75,"end":5352.47},{"text":"under","start":5352.83,"end":5353.11},{"text":"the","start":5353.11,"end":5353.19},{"text":"Convention","start":5353.19,"end":5353.99},{"text":"on","start":5353.99,"end":5354.15},{"text":"the","start":5354.15,"end":5354.23},{"text":"Privileges","start":5354.23,"end":5355.03},{"text":"and","start":5355.03,"end":5355.23},{"text":"Immunities","start":5355.23,"end":5355.91},{"text":"of","start":5355.91,"end":5355.99},{"text":"the","start":5355.99,"end":5356.07},{"text":"United","start":5356.07,"end":5356.55},{"text":"Nations","start":5356.55,"end":5357.11},{"text":"of","start":5357.11,"end":5357.27},{"text":"1946,","start":5357.27,"end":5358.31},{"text":"to","start":5358.63,"end":5358.71},{"text":"which","start":5358.71,"end":5358.95},{"text":"Nigeria","start":5358.95,"end":5359.35},{"text":"succeeded","start":5359.35,"end":5360.07},{"text":"without","start":5360.07,"end":5360.63},{"text":"reservation,","start":5360.63,"end":5361.43},{"text":"and","start":5361.75,"end":5362.03},{"text":"under","start":5362.07,"end":5362.43},{"text":"its","start":5362.47,"end":5362.79},{"text":"host","start":5362.79,"end":5363.19},{"text":"country","start":5363.35,"end":5363.83},{"text":"agreement.","start":5363.83,"end":5364.39}]},{"text":"Under Nigeria's constitutional order, the executive certifies its position on immunity, and the court determines any matter on immunity that is brought before it.","start":5365.03,"end":5374.87,"topics":[{"key":"international-organization-disputes","label":"Dispute Settlement Involving International Organizations","description":"Speakers discussed guidelines for resolving disputes involving international organizations, States, and private parties, particularly the relationship between organizational immunity and effective access to justice. 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They considered the choice of judicial and alternative settlement mechanisms, party autonomy, power imbalances, and safeguards for impartiality and due process."}],"words":[{"text":"Nigeria","start":5405.51,"end":5405.91},{"text":"encourages","start":5405.91,"end":5406.43},{"text":"the","start":5406.43,"end":5406.51},{"text":"Commission","start":5406.51,"end":5407.11},{"text":"to","start":5407.11,"end":5407.23},{"text":"return","start":5407.23,"end":5407.59},{"text":"the","start":5407.59,"end":5407.67},{"text":"balance","start":5407.67,"end":5408.31},{"text":"in","start":5408.31,"end":5408.47},{"text":"its","start":5408.47,"end":5409.11},{"text":"second","start":5409.19,"end":5409.43},{"text":"reading.","start":5409.43,"end":5409.75}]},{"text":"Mr. Chair, on the topic of secession of States in respect of State responsibility, Nigeria takes note of the report of the Working Group as a whole, chaired by Mr. Bimal Patel, and of the Commission’s decision to cease further consideration of the topic.","start":5410.47,"end":5426.87,"topics":[{"key":"state-succession-responsibility","label":"State Succession and State Responsibility","description":"Delegations considered whether and how responsibility for internationally wrongful acts carries over following State succession, noting limited, diverse, and context-specific State practice. Views differed on the Commission’s decision to discontinue the topic, with some supporting caution and others emphasizing unresolved succession issues and the need for further legal guidance."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":5410.47,"end":5410.79},{"text":"Chair,","start":5410.79,"end":5411.19},{"text":"on","start":5411.19,"end":5411.35},{"text":"the","start":5411.35,"end":5411.47},{"text":"topic","start":5411.47,"end":5411.83},{"text":"of","start":5411.83,"end":5411.99},{"text":"secession","start":5411.99,"end":5412.63},{"text":"of","start":5412.63,"end":5412.79},{"text":"States","start":5412.79,"end":5413.15},{"text":"in","start":5413.15,"end":5413.27},{"text":"respect","start":5413.27,"end":5413.75},{"text":"of","start":5413.79,"end":5413.91},{"text":"State","start":5413.91,"end":5414.23},{"text":"responsibility,","start":5414.23,"end":5415.19},{"text":"Nigeria","start":5415.59,"end":5415.99},{"text":"takes","start":5415.99,"end":5416.23},{"text":"note","start":5416.23,"end":5416.55},{"text":"of","start":5416.63,"end":5416.79},{"text":"the","start":5416.79,"end":5416.91},{"text":"report","start":5416.91,"end":5417.51},{"text":"of","start":5417.95,"end":5418.07},{"text":"the","start":5418.11,"end":5418.19},{"text":"Working","start":5418.19,"end":5418.55},{"text":"Group","start":5418.55,"end":5418.87},{"text":"as","start":5419.15,"end":5419.23},{"text":"a","start":5419.23,"end":5419.27},{"text":"whole,","start":5419.43,"end":5419.83},{"text":"chaired","start":5420.07,"end":5420.47},{"text":"by","start":5420.47,"end":5420.79},{"text":"Mr.","start":5420.79,"end":5421.23},{"text":"Bimal","start":5421.23,"end":5421.67},{"text":"Patel,","start":5421.67,"end":5422.31},{"text":"and","start":5422.31,"end":5422.43},{"text":"of","start":5422.43,"end":5422.55},{"text":"the","start":5422.55,"end":5422.63},{"text":"Commission’s","start":5422.63,"end":5423.27},{"text":"decision","start":5423.27,"end":5423.91},{"text":"to","start":5424.15,"end":5424.27},{"text":"cease","start":5424.31,"end":5424.63},{"text":"further","start":5424.63,"end":5424.95},{"text":"consideration","start":5424.95,"end":5425.91},{"text":"of","start":5426.15,"end":5426.23},{"text":"the","start":5426.23,"end":5426.35},{"text":"topic.","start":5426.35,"end":5426.87}]},{"text":"As many delegations observed in earlier debates, State practice in this area is limited and diverse.","start":5427.43,"end":5434.15,"topics":[{"key":"state-succession-responsibility","label":"State Succession and State Responsibility","description":"Delegations considered whether and how responsibility for internationally wrongful acts carries over following State succession, noting limited, diverse, and context-specific State practice. Views differed on the Commission’s decision to discontinue the topic, with some supporting caution and others emphasizing unresolved succession issues and the need for further legal guidance."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":5427.43,"end":5427.59},{"text":"many","start":5427.59,"end":5427.83},{"text":"delegations","start":5427.83,"end":5428.55},{"text":"observed","start":5428.55,"end":5429.03},{"text":"in","start":5429.03,"end":5429.19},{"text":"earlier","start":5429.35,"end":5429.75},{"text":"debates,","start":5429.75,"end":5430.31},{"text":"State","start":5430.39,"end":5430.71},{"text":"practice","start":5430.71,"end":5431.35},{"text":"in","start":5431.35,"end":5431.59},{"text":"this","start":5431.59,"end":5431.83},{"text":"area","start":5431.91,"end":5432.31},{"text":"is","start":5432.39,"end":5432.63},{"text":"limited","start":5432.63,"end":5433.27},{"text":"and","start":5433.35,"end":5433.55},{"text":"diverse.","start":5433.55,"end":5434.15}]},{"text":"Many African States, including Nigeria, emerged through decolonization.","start":5434.71,"end":5438.87,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Many","start":5434.71,"end":5434.95},{"text":"African","start":5434.95,"end":5435.35},{"text":"States,","start":5435.35,"end":5435.67},{"text":"including","start":5435.67,"end":5436.07},{"text":"Nigeria,","start":5436.07,"end":5436.75},{"text":"emerged","start":5436.75,"end":5437.19},{"text":"through","start":5437.27,"end":5437.59},{"text":"decolonization.","start":5437.83,"end":5438.87}]},{"text":"a contest that calls for particular care.","start":5439.39,"end":5442.27,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"a","start":5439.39,"end":5439.43},{"text":"contest","start":5439.47,"end":5440.19},{"text":"that","start":5440.27,"end":5440.47},{"text":"calls","start":5440.47,"end":5441.07},{"text":"for","start":5441.07,"end":5441.23},{"text":"particular","start":5441.23,"end":5441.83},{"text":"care.","start":5441.83,"end":5442.27}]},{"text":"We therefore respect the Commission's decision and consider that the work done since 2017 remains a valuable reference for States, courts, and tribunals.","start":5442.75,"end":5453.19,"topics":[{"key":"state-succession-responsibility","label":"State Succession and State Responsibility","description":"Delegations considered whether and how responsibility for internationally wrongful acts carries over following State succession, noting limited, diverse, and context-specific State practice. Views differed on the Commission’s decision to discontinue the topic, with some supporting caution and others emphasizing unresolved succession issues and the need for further legal guidance."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":5442.75,"end":5442.99},{"text":"therefore","start":5442.99,"end":5443.47},{"text":"respect","start":5443.47,"end":5443.95},{"text":"the","start":5443.95,"end":5444.03},{"text":"Commission's","start":5444.03,"end":5444.55},{"text":"decision","start":5444.55,"end":5445.07},{"text":"and","start":5445.19,"end":5445.31},{"text":"consider","start":5445.31,"end":5445.75},{"text":"that","start":5445.75,"end":5445.87},{"text":"the","start":5445.87,"end":5445.95},{"text":"work","start":5445.95,"end":5446.35},{"text":"done","start":5446.35,"end":5446.75},{"text":"since","start":5446.75,"end":5446.99},{"text":"2017","start":5446.99,"end":5448.27},{"text":"remains","start":5448.43,"end":5449.11},{"text":"a","start":5449.11,"end":5449.15},{"text":"valuable","start":5449.15,"end":5449.71},{"text":"reference","start":5449.71,"end":5450.51},{"text":"for","start":5450.67,"end":5450.91},{"text":"States,","start":5450.91,"end":5451.55},{"text":"courts,","start":5451.63,"end":5452.19},{"text":"and","start":5452.27,"end":5452.55},{"text":"tribunals.","start":5452.55,"end":5453.19}]},{"text":"In conclusion, Nigeria reiterates its support for the Commission and its commitment to engaging with its work, including through written comments on adopted 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thank you, Mr. Chair.","start":5465.07,"end":5466.03,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":5465.07,"end":5465.15},{"text":"thank","start":5465.15,"end":5465.39},{"text":"you,","start":5465.39,"end":5465.47},{"text":"Mr.","start":5465.47,"end":5465.79},{"text":"Chair.","start":5465.79,"end":5466.03}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"NGA","group":null,"function":null,"affiliation_full":"Nigeria"}},{"statement_number":26,"start":5469.87,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c6/81/34?lang=en&t=1:31:10","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I would like to thank the distinguished representative of Nigeria for his statement, and now I would like to give the floor to the distinguished representative of 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Thank you, Mr. Chair, for giving me the floor.","start":5483.79,"end":5486.51,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":5483.79,"end":5484.03},{"text":"you.","start":5484.03,"end":5484.19},{"text":"Thank","start":5484.59,"end":5484.83},{"text":"you,","start":5484.83,"end":5484.91},{"text":"Mr.","start":5484.91,"end":5485.15},{"text":"Chair,","start":5485.15,"end":5485.47},{"text":"for","start":5485.47,"end":5485.63},{"text":"giving","start":5485.63,"end":5485.87},{"text":"me","start":5485.87,"end":5486.03},{"text":"the","start":5486.03,"end":5486.11},{"text":"floor.","start":5486.11,"end":5486.51}]},{"text":"I will give the statement in shortened version.","start":5487.31,"end":5490.51,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":5487.31,"end":5487.47},{"text":"will","start":5487.63,"end":5487.87},{"text":"give","start":5487.87,"end":5488.19},{"text":"the","start":5488.19,"end":5488.31},{"text":"statement","start":5488.31,"end":5488.91},{"text":"in","start":5488.91,"end":5489.15},{"text":"shortened","start":5489.15,"end":5489.67},{"text":"version.","start":5490.15,"end":5490.51}]},{"text":"Mr. Chair, Estonia would like to express its continuing appreciation for the work of the International Law Commission and wishes to thank all the members of the Commission for their contribution.","start":5492.27,"end":5503.67,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":5492.27,"end":5492.55},{"text":"Chair,","start":5492.55,"end":5492.83},{"text":"Estonia","start":5493.07,"end":5493.47},{"text":"would","start":5493.47,"end":5493.59},{"text":"like","start":5493.59,"end":5493.79},{"text":"to","start":5493.79,"end":5493.91},{"text":"express","start":5493.91,"end":5494.35},{"text":"its","start":5494.35,"end":5494.51},{"text":"continuing","start":5494.51,"end":5495.23},{"text":"appreciation","start":5495.23,"end":5496.51},{"text":"for","start":5496.59,"end":5496.79},{"text":"the","start":5496.79,"end":5496.87},{"text":"work","start":5496.87,"end":5497.23},{"text":"of","start":5497.23,"end":5497.31},{"text":"the","start":5497.31,"end":5497.43},{"text":"International","start":5497.43,"end":5498.15},{"text":"Law","start":5498.15,"end":5498.27},{"text":"Commission","start":5498.27,"end":5498.91},{"text":"and","start":5499.31,"end":5499.63},{"text":"wishes","start":5499.63,"end":5500.19},{"text":"to","start":5500.19,"end":5500.35},{"text":"thank","start":5500.35,"end":5500.75},{"text":"all","start":5500.75,"end":5500.99},{"text":"the","start":5500.99,"end":5501.07},{"text":"members","start":5501.07,"end":5501.55},{"text":"of","start":5501.55,"end":5501.67},{"text":"the","start":5501.67,"end":5501.79},{"text":"Commission","start":5501.79,"end":5502.43},{"text":"for","start":5502.43,"end":5502.75},{"text":"their","start":5502.75,"end":5502.91},{"text":"contribution.","start":5502.91,"end":5503.67}]},{"text":"Mr. Chair, today I start with addressing the topic of subsidiary means for the determination of rules of international law.","start":5505.31,"end":5514.47,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. 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Discussion focused on assessing their weight, maintaining representativeness, distinguishing legal analysis from political positions, and avoiding a system of binding judicial precedent."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":5606.71,"end":5607.03},{"text":"value","start":5607.03,"end":5607.75},{"text":"the","start":5608.15,"end":5608.35},{"text":"in-depth","start":5608.35,"end":5608.99},{"text":"considerations","start":5608.99,"end":5610.07},{"text":"given","start":5610.47,"end":5610.95},{"text":"to","start":5611.11,"end":5611.27},{"text":"the","start":5611.27,"end":5611.39},{"text":"issue","start":5611.43,"end":5611.83},{"text":"of","start":5611.83,"end":5612.07},{"text":"the","start":5612.07,"end":5612.19},{"text":"weight","start":5612.19,"end":5612.55},{"text":"of","start":5612.55,"end":5612.71},{"text":"subsidiary","start":5612.71,"end":5613.67},{"text":"means","start":5613.67,"end":5614.23},{"text":"and","start":5614.23,"end":5614.47},{"text":"its","start":5614.47,"end":5614.79},{"text":"assessment.","start":5614.79,"end":5615.67}]},{"text":"We consider the additional criteria set out in draft conclusions 4, 7, 9, 11 and 13 helpful in determining the appropriate weight to be attributed to the specific materials in a given context.","start":5616.55,"end":5634.59,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. 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Discussion focused on assessing their weight, maintaining representativeness, distinguishing legal analysis from political positions, and avoiding a system of binding judicial precedent."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":5636.07,"end":5636.19},{"text":"new","start":5636.23,"end":5636.47},{"text":"structure","start":5636.47,"end":5637.19},{"text":"of","start":5637.43,"end":5637.59},{"text":"the","start":5637.59,"end":5637.75},{"text":"draft","start":5637.75,"end":5638.07},{"text":"conclusions","start":5638.07,"end":5638.87},{"text":"provides","start":5638.87,"end":5639.51},{"text":"a","start":5639.51,"end":5639.55},{"text":"clearer","start":5639.55,"end":5639.99},{"text":"focus","start":5639.99,"end":5640.87},{"text":"on","start":5640.95,"end":5641.11},{"text":"how","start":5641.11,"end":5641.51},{"text":"to","start":5641.51,"end":5641.75},{"text":"assess","start":5641.75,"end":5642.39},{"text":"the","start":5642.39,"end":5642.55},{"text":"weight","start":5642.55,"end":5642.95},{"text":"of","start":5642.95,"end":5643.19},{"text":"each","start":5643.19,"end":5643.59},{"text":"category","start":5643.59,"end":5644.31},{"text":"of","start":5644.63,"end":5644.79},{"text":"subsidiary","start":5644.79,"end":5645.51},{"text":"means","start":5645.51,"end":5646.07},{"text":"and","start":5646.71,"end":5647.15},{"text":"is","start":5647.19,"end":5647.75},{"text":"thus","start":5648.23,"end":5648.63},{"text":"more","start":5648.63,"end":5648.95},{"text":"practical.","start":5648.95,"end":5649.67}]},{"text":"Mr. Chair, now let me turn to the topic of settlement of disputes to which international organizations are parties.","start":5653.27,"end":5662.63,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":5653.27,"end":5653.63},{"text":"Chair,","start":5653.63,"end":5653.91},{"text":"now","start":5654.95,"end":5655.27},{"text":"let","start":5655.27,"end":5655.55},{"text":"me","start":5655.55,"end":5655.91},{"text":"turn","start":5656.23,"end":5656.55},{"text":"to","start":5656.55,"end":5656.79},{"text":"the","start":5656.79,"end":5656.87},{"text":"topic","start":5656.87,"end":5657.15},{"text":"of","start":5657.15,"end":5657.23},{"text":"settlement","start":5657.23,"end":5657.91},{"text":"of","start":5657.91,"end":5658.03},{"text":"disputes","start":5658.03,"end":5658.95},{"text":"to","start":5659.19,"end":5659.35},{"text":"which","start":5659.35,"end":5659.67},{"text":"international","start":5659.67,"end":5660.47},{"text":"organizations","start":5660.47,"end":5661.59},{"text":"are","start":5661.67,"end":5661.91},{"text":"parties.","start":5661.91,"end":5662.63}]},{"text":"Estonia aligns itself with the statement made by the European Union and adds the following comments in its national capacity.","start":5663.91,"end":5671.59,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Estonia","start":5663.91,"end":5664.51},{"text":"aligns","start":5664.51,"end":5664.91},{"text":"itself","start":5664.91,"end":5665.35},{"text":"with","start":5665.35,"end":5665.47},{"text":"the","start":5665.47,"end":5665.55},{"text":"statement","start":5665.55,"end":5666.03},{"text":"made","start":5666.03,"end":5666.27},{"text":"by","start":5666.27,"end":5666.47},{"text":"the","start":5666.47,"end":5666.55},{"text":"European","start":5666.55,"end":5667.07},{"text":"Union","start":5667.07,"end":5667.51},{"text":"and","start":5667.59,"end":5667.91},{"text":"adds","start":5667.91,"end":5668.27},{"text":"the","start":5668.31,"end":5668.47},{"text":"following","start":5668.47,"end":5668.87},{"text":"comments","start":5668.87,"end":5669.59},{"text":"in","start":5669.91,"end":5670.31},{"text":"its","start":5670.31,"end":5670.47},{"text":"national","start":5670.47,"end":5670.95},{"text":"capacity.","start":5670.95,"end":5671.59}]},{"text":"We value the Commission's work to provide practical guidance on the settlement of disputes involving international organizations, while taking account of the diversity of the organizations concerned and disputes to which they may be parties.","start":5673.87,"end":5692.67,"topics":[{"key":"international-organization-disputes","label":"Dispute Settlement Involving International Organizations","description":"Speakers discussed guidelines for resolving disputes involving international organizations, States, and private parties, particularly the relationship between organizational immunity and effective access to justice. They considered the choice of judicial and alternative settlement mechanisms, party autonomy, power imbalances, and safeguards for impartiality and due process."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":5673.87,"end":5674.27},{"text":"value","start":5674.27,"end":5674.75},{"text":"the","start":5674.75,"end":5674.87},{"text":"Commission's","start":5674.87,"end":5675.71},{"text":"work","start":5675.79,"end":5676.35},{"text":"to","start":5677.07,"end":5677.31},{"text":"provide","start":5677.31,"end":5677.79},{"text":"practical","start":5677.79,"end":5678.27},{"text":"guidance","start":5678.27,"end":5678.99},{"text":"on","start":5678.99,"end":5679.15},{"text":"the","start":5679.15,"end":5679.23},{"text":"settlement","start":5679.23,"end":5679.87},{"text":"of","start":5679.87,"end":5680.03},{"text":"disputes","start":5680.03,"end":5680.83},{"text":"involving","start":5680.83,"end":5681.39},{"text":"international","start":5681.39,"end":5682.11},{"text":"organizations,","start":5682.11,"end":5683.07},{"text":"while","start":5683.87,"end":5684.27},{"text":"taking","start":5684.27,"end":5684.67},{"text":"account","start":5684.67,"end":5685.39},{"text":"of","start":5685.63,"end":5685.79},{"text":"the","start":5685.79,"end":5685.91},{"text":"diversity","start":5685.91,"end":5687.07},{"text":"of","start":5687.07,"end":5687.27},{"text":"the","start":5687.27,"end":5687.35},{"text":"organizations","start":5687.35,"end":5688.27},{"text":"concerned","start":5688.27,"end":5688.91},{"text":"and","start":5689.47,"end":5689.91},{"text":"disputes","start":5689.95,"end":5690.67},{"text":"to","start":5690.67,"end":5690.79},{"text":"which","start":5690.79,"end":5691.15},{"text":"they","start":5691.15,"end":5691.47},{"text":"may","start":5691.47,"end":5691.79},{"text":"be","start":5691.79,"end":5692.03},{"text":"parties.","start":5692.03,"end":5692.67}]},{"text":"Considering the substance of the work, we would like to offer observations on two issues that would benefit from further clarification.","start":5694.59,"end":5704.83,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Considering","start":5694.59,"end":5695.47},{"text":"the","start":5695.47,"end":5695.63},{"text":"substance","start":5695.63,"end":5696.83},{"text":"of","start":5696.83,"end":5696.99},{"text":"the","start":5696.99,"end":5697.11},{"text":"work,","start":5697.11,"end":5697.55},{"text":"we","start":5698.19,"end":5698.51},{"text":"would","start":5698.51,"end":5698.67},{"text":"like","start":5698.67,"end":5699.07},{"text":"to","start":5699.07,"end":5699.23},{"text":"offer","start":5699.23,"end":5699.71},{"text":"observations","start":5699.71,"end":5700.59},{"text":"on","start":5700.59,"end":5700.83},{"text":"two","start":5700.83,"end":5701.07},{"text":"issues","start":5701.07,"end":5701.79},{"text":"that","start":5701.79,"end":5702.03},{"text":"would","start":5702.07,"end":5702.27},{"text":"benefit","start":5702.27,"end":5702.99},{"text":"from","start":5703.07,"end":5703.55},{"text":"further","start":5703.63,"end":5704.03},{"text":"clarification.","start":5704.03,"end":5704.83}]},{"text":"First, we appreciate the distinction drawn between disputes between international organizations, as well as disputes between international organizations and states under Part II.","start":5706.43,"end":5720.83,"topics":[{"key":"international-organization-disputes","label":"Dispute Settlement Involving International Organizations","description":"Speakers discussed guidelines for resolving disputes involving international organizations, States, and private parties, particularly the relationship between organizational immunity and effective access to justice. 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They considered the choice of judicial and alternative settlement mechanisms, party autonomy, power imbalances, and safeguards for impartiality and due process."}],"words":[{"text":"and","start":5722.35,"end":5722.83},{"text":"disputes","start":5723.07,"end":5723.87},{"text":"involving","start":5723.87,"end":5724.51},{"text":"international","start":5724.51,"end":5725.23},{"text":"organizations","start":5725.23,"end":5726.51},{"text":"and","start":5726.51,"end":5726.83},{"text":"private","start":5726.83,"end":5727.23},{"text":"parties","start":5727.23,"end":5728.03},{"text":"under","start":5728.19,"end":5728.43},{"text":"Part","start":5728.43,"end":5728.79},{"text":"III.","start":5728.79,"end":5729.07}]},{"text":"This structure allows the draft guidelines to address the particular considerations relevant to each category.","start":5730.59,"end":5740.19,"topics":[{"key":"international-organization-disputes","label":"Dispute Settlement Involving International Organizations","description":"Speakers discussed guidelines for resolving disputes involving international organizations, States, and private parties, particularly the relationship between organizational immunity and effective access to justice. 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Discussion focused on assessing their weight, maintaining representativeness, distinguishing legal analysis from political positions, and avoiding a system of binding judicial precedent."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":5952.07,"end":5952.23},{"text":"this","start":5952.23,"end":5952.47},{"text":"regard,","start":5952.47,"end":5952.91},{"text":"we","start":5953.03,"end":5953.43},{"text":"would","start":5953.83,"end":5954.03},{"text":"suggest","start":5954.03,"end":5954.59},{"text":"that","start":5954.59,"end":5954.87},{"text":"the","start":5954.87,"end":5955.03},{"text":"Commentary","start":5955.03,"end":5955.67},{"text":"could","start":5955.67,"end":5955.91},{"text":"further","start":5955.91,"end":5956.39},{"text":"clarify","start":5956.39,"end":5957.27},{"text":"that","start":5957.99,"end":5958.39},{"text":"the","start":5958.39,"end":5958.47},{"text":"absence","start":5958.47,"end":5959.03},{"text":"of","start":5959.03,"end":5959.11},{"text":"legally","start":5959.19,"end":5959.59},{"text":"binding","start":5959.59,"end":5959.99},{"text":"precedent","start":5959.99,"end":5960.67},{"text":"is","start":5960.67,"end":5960.95},{"text":"without","start":5960.95,"end":5961.55},{"text":"prejudice","start":5961.55,"end":5962.23},{"text":"to","start":5962.71,"end":5962.79},{"text":"the","start":5962.79,"end":5962.95},{"text":"final","start":5962.95,"end":5963.39},{"text":"and","start":5963.39,"end":5963.55},{"text":"binding","start":5963.55,"end":5963.99},{"text":"character","start":5963.99,"end":5964.59},{"text":"of","start":5964.59,"end":5964.67},{"text":"a","start":5964.67,"end":5964.71},{"text":"decision","start":5964.79,"end":5965.59},{"text":"for","start":5965.67,"end":5965.87},{"text":"the","start":5965.87,"end":5965.99},{"text":"parties","start":5965.99,"end":5966.63},{"text":"to","start":5966.63,"end":5966.83},{"text":"the","start":5966.83,"end":5966.95},{"text":"particular","start":5966.95,"end":5967.67},{"text":"dispute","start":5967.67,"end":5968.31},{"text":"in","start":5968.79,"end":5968.91},{"text":"which","start":5968.91,"end":5969.27},{"text":"it","start":5969.27,"end":5969.43},{"text":"is","start":5969.43,"end":5969.67},{"text":"rendered.","start":5969.67,"end":5970.15}]},{"text":"With regard to draft Conclusion 7 on the weight of decisions of courts and tribunals, Vietnam notes the criterion concerning whether a court or tribunal has been conferred with specific competence.","start":5971.35,"end":5986.15,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. Discussion focused on assessing their weight, maintaining representativeness, distinguishing legal analysis from political positions, and avoiding a system of binding judicial precedent."}],"words":[{"text":"With","start":5971.35,"end":5971.59},{"text":"regard","start":5971.59,"end":5971.95},{"text":"to","start":5971.95,"end":5972.31},{"text":"draft","start":5972.31,"end":5972.71},{"text":"Conclusion","start":5972.71,"end":5973.43},{"text":"7","start":5973.59,"end":5974.23},{"text":"on","start":5974.55,"end":5974.71},{"text":"the","start":5974.71,"end":5974.83},{"text":"weight","start":5974.83,"end":5975.19},{"text":"of","start":5975.23,"end":5975.35},{"text":"decisions","start":5975.35,"end":5976.07},{"text":"of","start":5976.07,"end":5976.15},{"text":"courts","start":5976.23,"end":5976.63},{"text":"and","start":5976.63,"end":5976.79},{"text":"tribunals,","start":5976.79,"end":5977.51},{"text":"Vietnam","start":5978.11,"end":5978.55},{"text":"notes","start":5978.55,"end":5979.03},{"text":"the","start":5979.11,"end":5979.35},{"text":"criterion","start":5979.35,"end":5980.23},{"text":"concerning","start":5980.23,"end":5981.11},{"text":"whether","start":5981.43,"end":5981.95},{"text":"a","start":5981.95,"end":5981.99},{"text":"court","start":5981.99,"end":5982.39},{"text":"or","start":5982.39,"end":5982.47},{"text":"tribunal","start":5982.47,"end":5983.19},{"text":"has","start":5983.19,"end":5983.51},{"text":"been","start":5983.51,"end":5983.83},{"text":"conferred","start":5983.83,"end":5984.47},{"text":"with","start":5984.47,"end":5984.59},{"text":"specific","start":5984.63,"end":5985.39},{"text":"competence.","start":5985.39,"end":5986.15}]},{"text":"We encourage the Commission to clarify this criterion further in the commentary.","start":5986.95,"end":5992.39,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":5986.95,"end":5987.11},{"text":"encourage","start":5987.11,"end":5987.83},{"text":"the","start":5987.83,"end":5988.03},{"text":"Commission","start":5988.03,"end":5988.63},{"text":"to","start":5988.63,"end":5988.79},{"text":"clarify","start":5988.79,"end":5989.51},{"text":"this","start":5989.51,"end":5989.83},{"text":"criterion","start":5989.83,"end":5990.71},{"text":"further","start":5990.79,"end":5991.43},{"text":"in","start":5991.43,"end":5991.63},{"text":"the","start":5991.63,"end":5991.75},{"text":"commentary.","start":5991.75,"end":5992.39}]},{"text":"Vietnam is of the view that should the competence be developed through the jurisprudence of the court or tribunal itself, due regards should be given to the principle of state consent.","start":5993.35,"end":6006.63,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. 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Discussion focused on assessing their weight, maintaining representativeness, distinguishing legal analysis from political positions, and avoiding a system of binding judicial precedent."}],"words":[{"text":"on","start":6007.23,"end":6007.39},{"text":"which","start":6007.39,"end":6007.79},{"text":"the","start":6007.79,"end":6008.03},{"text":"competence","start":6008.03,"end":6008.63},{"text":"of","start":6008.63,"end":6008.75},{"text":"international","start":6008.75,"end":6009.47},{"text":"courts","start":6009.47,"end":6009.83},{"text":"and","start":6009.83,"end":6010.03},{"text":"tribunals","start":6010.03,"end":6010.75},{"text":"is","start":6010.75,"end":6010.99},{"text":"founded.","start":6010.99,"end":6011.43}]},{"text":"Mr. Chair, turning to the topic settlement of disputes to which international organizations are parties, Vietnam wishes to thank the Special Rapporteur and consider the topic of growing practical importance as international organizations increasingly engage in international relations.","start":6013.07,"end":6035.07,"topics":[{"key":"international-organization-disputes","label":"Dispute Settlement Involving International Organizations","description":"Speakers discussed guidelines for resolving disputes involving international organizations, States, and private parties, particularly the relationship between organizational immunity and effective access to justice. 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They considered the choice of judicial and alternative settlement mechanisms, party autonomy, power imbalances, and safeguards for impartiality and due process."}],"words":[{"text":"Vietnam","start":6035.99,"end":6036.51},{"text":"reaffirms","start":6036.51,"end":6037.27},{"text":"the","start":6037.27,"end":6037.39},{"text":"principle","start":6037.39,"end":6037.95},{"text":"of","start":6037.95,"end":6038.03},{"text":"peaceful","start":6038.03,"end":6038.51},{"text":"settlement","start":6038.51,"end":6039.03},{"text":"of","start":6039.03,"end":6039.11},{"text":"dispute","start":6039.11,"end":6039.79},{"text":"enshrined","start":6040.07,"end":6040.59},{"text":"in","start":6040.59,"end":6040.75},{"text":"the","start":6040.75,"end":6040.87},{"text":"Charter","start":6040.91,"end":6041.43},{"text":"of","start":6041.43,"end":6041.55},{"text":"the","start":6041.55,"end":6041.67},{"text":"United","start":6041.67,"end":6042.11},{"text":"Nations.","start":6042.11,"end":6042.75}]},{"text":"Accordingly, Vietnam is of the view that the draft guidelines should preserve flexibility and avoid a rigid hierarchy among the means of dispute settlement, provided that it is in line with the constituent instrument of the international organizations concerned.","start":6043.63,"end":6062.75,"topics":[{"key":"international-organization-disputes","label":"Dispute Settlement Involving International Organizations","description":"Speakers discussed guidelines for resolving disputes involving international organizations, States, and private parties, particularly the relationship between organizational immunity and effective access to justice. 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They considered the choice of judicial and alternative settlement mechanisms, party autonomy, power imbalances, and safeguards for impartiality and due process."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":6064.43,"end":6064.67},{"text":"to","start":6064.67,"end":6065.07},{"text":"draft","start":6065.47,"end":6065.79},{"text":"guidelines","start":6065.79,"end":6066.43},{"text":"11","start":6066.43,"end":6067.15},{"text":"on","start":6067.63,"end":6067.79},{"text":"access","start":6067.83,"end":6068.35},{"text":"to","start":6068.35,"end":6068.47},{"text":"justice,","start":6068.51,"end":6069.23},{"text":"Vietnam","start":6069.59,"end":6070.11},{"text":"shares","start":6070.11,"end":6070.63},{"text":"the","start":6070.63,"end":6070.71},{"text":"Commission's","start":6070.71,"end":6071.31},{"text":"concern","start":6071.31,"end":6071.95},{"text":"that","start":6071.99,"end":6072.19},{"text":"disputes","start":6072.35,"end":6072.99},{"text":"to","start":6073.15,"end":6073.27},{"text":"which","start":6073.27,"end":6073.71},{"text":"international","start":6073.71,"end":6074.47},{"text":"organizations","start":6074.47,"end":6075.39},{"text":"are","start":6075.39,"end":6075.55},{"text":"parties","start":6075.55,"end":6076.19},{"text":"should","start":6077.03,"end":6077.15},{"text":"not","start":6077.15,"end":6077.31},{"text":"be","start":6077.31,"end":6077.39},{"text":"left","start":6077.39,"end":6077.79},{"text":"without","start":6077.79,"end":6078.27},{"text":"appropriate","start":6078.27,"end":6078.99},{"text":"means","start":6078.99,"end":6079.47},{"text":"of","start":6079.47,"end":6079.55},{"text":"settlement.","start":6079.55,"end":6080.23}]},{"text":"In our view, the provisions concerning widening access to means of dispute settlement are better formulated as recommendations than obligations.","start":6081.23,"end":6092.51,"topics":[{"key":"international-organization-disputes","label":"Dispute Settlement Involving International Organizations","description":"Speakers discussed guidelines for resolving disputes involving international organizations, States, and private parties, particularly the relationship between organizational immunity and effective access to justice. They considered the choice of judicial and alternative settlement mechanisms, party autonomy, power imbalances, and safeguards for impartiality and due process."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":6081.23,"end":6081.51},{"text":"our","start":6081.51,"end":6081.59},{"text":"view,","start":6081.63,"end":6082.19},{"text":"the","start":6082.39,"end":6082.51},{"text":"provisions","start":6082.51,"end":6083.31},{"text":"concerning","start":6083.31,"end":6084.19},{"text":"widening","start":6084.27,"end":6084.99},{"text":"access","start":6084.99,"end":6085.63},{"text":"to","start":6085.87,"end":6086.11},{"text":"means","start":6086.19,"end":6086.63},{"text":"of","start":6086.63,"end":6086.75},{"text":"dispute","start":6086.75,"end":6087.19},{"text":"settlement","start":6087.19,"end":6087.83},{"text":"are","start":6088.43,"end":6088.51},{"text":"better","start":6088.59,"end":6089.07},{"text":"formulated","start":6089.07,"end":6089.87},{"text":"as","start":6089.95,"end":6090.19},{"text":"recommendations","start":6090.19,"end":6091.35},{"text":"than","start":6091.35,"end":6091.63},{"text":"obligations.","start":6091.63,"end":6092.51}]},{"text":"At the same time, safeguards against arbitrariness or denial of justice should remain as obligations.","start":6093.63,"end":6101.71,"topics":[{"key":"international-organization-disputes","label":"Dispute Settlement Involving International Organizations","description":"Speakers discussed guidelines for resolving disputes involving international organizations, States, and private parties, particularly the relationship between organizational immunity and effective access to justice. They considered the choice of judicial and alternative settlement mechanisms, party autonomy, power imbalances, and safeguards for impartiality and due process."}],"words":[{"text":"At","start":6093.63,"end":6093.75},{"text":"the","start":6093.75,"end":6093.87},{"text":"same","start":6093.87,"end":6094.19},{"text":"time,","start":6094.19,"end":6094.75},{"text":"safeguards","start":6095.23,"end":6095.95},{"text":"against","start":6095.95,"end":6096.51},{"text":"arbitrariness","start":6096.59,"end":6097.63},{"text":"or","start":6097.71,"end":6097.95},{"text":"denial","start":6097.95,"end":6098.47},{"text":"of","start":6098.47,"end":6098.55},{"text":"justice","start":6098.55,"end":6099.03},{"text":"should","start":6099.51,"end":6099.71},{"text":"remain","start":6099.71,"end":6100.27},{"text":"as","start":6100.51,"end":6100.83},{"text":"obligations.","start":6100.83,"end":6101.71}]},{"text":"Mr. Chair, as to the topic “Succession of States in Respect of State Responsibility”, Vietnam takes note of the Commission’s decision to adopt the report of the Working Group and not to pursue the topic further.","start":6102.67,"end":6118.51,"topics":[{"key":"state-succession-responsibility","label":"State Succession and State Responsibility","description":"Delegations considered whether and how responsibility for internationally wrongful acts carries over following State succession, noting limited, diverse, and context-specific State practice. Views differed on the Commission’s decision to discontinue the topic, with some supporting caution and others emphasizing unresolved succession issues and the need for further legal guidance."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":6102.67,"end":6103.07},{"text":"Chair,","start":6103.07,"end":6103.55},{"text":"as","start":6104.35,"end":6104.59},{"text":"to","start":6104.59,"end":6104.75},{"text":"the","start":6104.83,"end":6104.95},{"text":"topic","start":6104.95,"end":6105.39},{"text":"“Succession","start":6106.03,"end":6106.75},{"text":"of","start":6106.79,"end":6106.91},{"text":"States","start":6106.91,"end":6107.35},{"text":"in","start":6107.39,"end":6107.55},{"text":"Respect","start":6107.55,"end":6108.15},{"text":"of","start":6108.15,"end":6108.27},{"text":"State","start":6108.27,"end":6108.75},{"text":"Responsibility”,","start":6108.75,"end":6110.03},{"text":"Vietnam","start":6110.63,"end":6111.07},{"text":"takes","start":6111.07,"end":6111.47},{"text":"note","start":6111.55,"end":6111.95},{"text":"of","start":6111.99,"end":6112.11},{"text":"the","start":6112.11,"end":6112.19},{"text":"Commission’s","start":6112.19,"end":6112.87},{"text":"decision","start":6112.87,"end":6113.63},{"text":"to","start":6113.63,"end":6113.79},{"text":"adopt","start":6113.79,"end":6114.27},{"text":"the","start":6114.27,"end":6114.35},{"text":"report","start":6114.35,"end":6114.99},{"text":"of","start":6115.03,"end":6115.15},{"text":"the","start":6115.15,"end":6115.23},{"text":"Working","start":6115.23,"end":6115.63},{"text":"Group","start":6115.63,"end":6115.95},{"text":"and","start":6116.51,"end":6116.67},{"text":"not","start":6116.67,"end":6116.95},{"text":"to","start":6116.95,"end":6117.07},{"text":"pursue","start":6117.07,"end":6117.47},{"text":"the","start":6117.47,"end":6117.59},{"text":"topic","start":6117.59,"end":6117.95},{"text":"further.","start":6117.95,"end":6118.51}]},{"text":"This decision brings to a close the Commission’s work on the topic after nearly a decade.","start":6119.43,"end":6125.47,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":6119.43,"end":6119.79},{"text":"decision","start":6119.79,"end":6120.35},{"text":"brings","start":6120.35,"end":6120.83},{"text":"to","start":6120.83,"end":6121.11},{"text":"a","start":6121.11,"end":6121.15},{"text":"close","start":6121.15,"end":6121.79},{"text":"the","start":6121.95,"end":6122.11},{"text":"Commission’s","start":6122.11,"end":6122.83},{"text":"work","start":6122.83,"end":6123.15},{"text":"on","start":6123.15,"end":6123.31},{"text":"the","start":6123.31,"end":6123.43},{"text":"topic","start":6123.43,"end":6123.87},{"text":"after","start":6123.99,"end":6124.43},{"text":"nearly","start":6124.43,"end":6124.83},{"text":"a","start":6124.83,"end":6124.91},{"text":"decade.","start":6124.91,"end":6125.47}]},{"text":"Vietnam recognizes the complexity of the subject matter in State practice, which makes it difficult to arrive at a generally acceptable outcome.","start":6126.43,"end":6136.43,"topics":[{"key":"state-succession-responsibility","label":"State Succession and State Responsibility","description":"Delegations considered whether and how responsibility for internationally wrongful acts carries over following State succession, noting limited, diverse, and context-specific State practice. Views differed on the Commission’s decision to discontinue the topic, with some supporting caution and others emphasizing unresolved succession issues and the need for further legal guidance."}],"words":[{"text":"Vietnam","start":6126.43,"end":6126.91},{"text":"recognizes","start":6126.91,"end":6127.63},{"text":"the","start":6127.71,"end":6127.87},{"text":"complexity","start":6127.87,"end":6128.79},{"text":"of","start":6128.79,"end":6128.87},{"text":"the","start":6128.87,"end":6128.99},{"text":"subject","start":6128.99,"end":6129.55},{"text":"matter","start":6129.55,"end":6130.11},{"text":"in","start":6130.11,"end":6130.27},{"text":"State","start":6130.27,"end":6130.55},{"text":"practice,","start":6130.55,"end":6131.15},{"text":"which","start":6131.79,"end":6132.11},{"text":"makes","start":6132.11,"end":6132.43},{"text":"it","start":6132.43,"end":6132.55},{"text":"difficult","start":6132.67,"end":6133.23},{"text":"to","start":6133.31,"end":6133.51},{"text":"arrive","start":6133.51,"end":6134.03},{"text":"at","start":6134.07,"end":6134.27},{"text":"a","start":6134.27,"end":6134.35},{"text":"generally","start":6134.35,"end":6135.15},{"text":"acceptable","start":6135.15,"end":6135.95},{"text":"outcome.","start":6135.95,"end":6136.43}]},{"text":"Vietnam is of the view that the question should continue to be addressed on the basis of State practice, having regard to the particular circumstances of each case of succession and in accordance with the applicable rules of international law.","start":6137.43,"end":6154.15,"topics":[{"key":"state-succession-responsibility","label":"State Succession and State Responsibility","description":"Delegations considered whether and how responsibility for internationally wrongful acts carries over following State succession, noting limited, diverse, and context-specific State practice. Views differed on the Commission’s decision to discontinue the topic, with some supporting caution and others emphasizing unresolved succession issues and the need for further legal 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thank you, Mr. Chair.","start":6154.51,"end":6155.55,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":6154.51,"end":6154.67},{"text":"thank","start":6154.67,"end":6154.91},{"text":"you,","start":6154.91,"end":6154.99},{"text":"Mr.","start":6154.99,"end":6155.31},{"text":"Chair.","start":6155.31,"end":6155.55}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"VNM","group":null,"function":null,"affiliation_full":"Viet Nam"}},{"statement_number":30,"start":6158.59,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c6/81/34?lang=en&t=1:42:39","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I would like to thank the distinguished representative of Vietnam for his statement.","start":6158.59,"end":6163.23,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":6158.59,"end":6158.75},{"text":"would","start":6158.75,"end":6158.87},{"text":"like","start":6158.87,"end":6159.07},{"text":"to","start":6159.07,"end":6159.15},{"text":"thank","start":6159.15,"end":6159.47},{"text":"the","start":6159.47,"end":6159.59},{"text":"distinguished","start":6159.59,"end":6160.39},{"text":"representative","start":6160.39,"end":6161.23},{"text":"of","start":6161.23,"end":6161.47},{"text":"Vietnam","start":6161.63,"end":6162.27},{"text":"for","start":6162.27,"end":6162.43},{"text":"his","start":6162.43,"end":6162.59},{"text":"statement.","start":6162.59,"end":6163.23}]},{"text":"And now, the next speaker on my list is the distinguished representative of the Republic of Korea.","start":6163.23,"end":6169.63,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":6163.23,"end":6163.51},{"text":"now,","start":6163.51,"end":6163.79},{"text":"the","start":6164.75,"end":6164.91},{"text":"next","start":6164.91,"end":6165.31},{"text":"speaker","start":6165.47,"end":6165.95},{"text":"on","start":6165.95,"end":6166.03},{"text":"my","start":6166.03,"end":6166.19},{"text":"list","start":6166.19,"end":6166.51},{"text":"is","start":6166.51,"end":6166.83},{"text":"the","start":6166.83,"end":6166.95},{"text":"distinguished","start":6166.95,"end":6167.51},{"text":"representative","start":6167.51,"end":6168.19},{"text":"of","start":6168.23,"end":6168.35},{"text":"the","start":6168.35,"end":6168.47},{"text":"Republic","start":6168.47,"end":6169.03},{"text":"of","start":6169.03,"end":6169.15},{"text":"Korea.","start":6169.15,"end":6169.63}]},{"text":"You have the floor.","start":6170.43,"end":6171.15,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"You","start":6170.43,"end":6170.59},{"text":"have","start":6170.59,"end":6170.75},{"text":"the","start":6170.75,"end":6170.83},{"text":"floor.","start":6170.83,"end":6171.15}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"6th Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair","affiliation_full":"6th Committee"}},{"statement_number":31,"start":6173.55,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c6/81/34?lang=en&t=1:42:54","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Mr. Chair, for the floor.","start":6173.55,"end":6174.99,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":6173.55,"end":6173.79},{"text":"you,","start":6173.79,"end":6173.87},{"text":"Mr.","start":6173.87,"end":6174.23},{"text":"Chair,","start":6174.23,"end":6174.35},{"text":"for","start":6174.35,"end":6174.51},{"text":"the","start":6174.51,"end":6174.59},{"text":"floor.","start":6174.59,"end":6174.99}]},{"text":"At the outset, my delegation would like to express its gratitude for the progress made by the Commission on the topics that fall under cluster two, and we would use this opportunity to briefly share some of our observations on the progresses 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on the subsidiary means for the determination of rules of international law, my delegation would like to express its gratitude for the Special Rapporteur's excellent fourth report and for the work of the Commission on this topic at the 77th session.","start":6190.19,"end":6204.51,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. Discussion focused on assessing their weight, maintaining representativeness, distinguishing legal analysis from political positions, and avoiding a system of binding judicial precedent."}],"words":[{"text":"First,","start":6190.19,"end":6190.51},{"text":"on","start":6190.51,"end":6190.59},{"text":"the","start":6190.59,"end":6190.75},{"text":"subsidiary","start":6190.75,"end":6191.39},{"text":"means","start":6191.39,"end":6191.71},{"text":"for","start":6191.71,"end":6191.83},{"text":"the","start":6191.83,"end":6191.91},{"text":"determination","start":6191.91,"end":6192.59},{"text":"of","start":6192.63,"end":6192.71},{"text":"rules","start":6192.71,"end":6193.15},{"text":"of","start":6193.19,"end":6193.31},{"text":"international","start":6193.31,"end":6194.15},{"text":"law,","start":6194.15,"end":6194.23},{"text":"my","start":6195.15,"end":6195.39},{"text":"delegation","start":6195.39,"end":6195.95},{"text":"would","start":6195.95,"end":6196.07},{"text":"like","start":6196.07,"end":6196.27},{"text":"to","start":6196.27,"end":6196.35},{"text":"express","start":6196.35,"end":6196.91},{"text":"its","start":6196.91,"end":6197.15},{"text":"gratitude","start":6197.15,"end":6197.67},{"text":"for","start":6197.67,"end":6197.79},{"text":"the","start":6197.79,"end":6197.87},{"text":"Special","start":6197.87,"end":6198.35},{"text":"Rapporteur's","start":6198.35,"end":6199.07},{"text":"excellent","start":6199.07,"end":6199.63},{"text":"fourth","start":6199.63,"end":6199.87},{"text":"report","start":6199.87,"end":6200.59},{"text":"and","start":6200.83,"end":6201.07},{"text":"for","start":6201.07,"end":6201.23},{"text":"the","start":6201.23,"end":6201.31},{"text":"work","start":6201.31,"end":6201.63},{"text":"of","start":6201.63,"end":6201.87},{"text":"the","start":6201.87,"end":6202.03},{"text":"Commission","start":6202.03,"end":6202.43},{"text":"on","start":6202.43,"end":6202.63},{"text":"this","start":6202.63,"end":6202.83},{"text":"topic","start":6202.83,"end":6203.19},{"text":"at","start":6203.19,"end":6203.31},{"text":"the","start":6203.31,"end":6203.39},{"text":"77th","start":6203.39,"end":6203.99},{"text":"session.","start":6203.99,"end":6204.51}]},{"text":"It takes note of the adoption of the entire set of draft conclusions with commentaries on first reading.","start":6205.39,"end":6210.83,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"It","start":6205.39,"end":6205.59},{"text":"takes","start":6205.59,"end":6205.87},{"text":"note","start":6205.87,"end":6206.07},{"text":"of","start":6206.07,"end":6206.19},{"text":"the","start":6206.19,"end":6206.31},{"text":"adoption","start":6206.31,"end":6207.07},{"text":"of","start":6207.07,"end":6207.15},{"text":"the","start":6207.15,"end":6207.23},{"text":"entire","start":6207.23,"end":6207.63},{"text":"set","start":6207.63,"end":6207.83},{"text":"of","start":6207.83,"end":6207.91},{"text":"draft","start":6207.91,"end":6208.23},{"text":"conclusions","start":6208.23,"end":6208.91},{"text":"with","start":6208.91,"end":6209.15},{"text":"commentaries","start":6209.15,"end":6209.83},{"text":"on","start":6209.83,"end":6210.03},{"text":"first","start":6210.03,"end":6210.35},{"text":"reading.","start":6210.35,"end":6210.83}]},{"text":"My delegation would like to make some comments, which it hopes will be of help in the Commission's future work on the topic.","start":6211.63,"end":6217.47,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"My","start":6211.63,"end":6211.87},{"text":"delegation","start":6211.87,"end":6212.39},{"text":"would","start":6212.39,"end":6212.51},{"text":"like","start":6212.51,"end":6212.75},{"text":"to","start":6212.75,"end":6212.87},{"text":"make","start":6212.87,"end":6213.07},{"text":"some","start":6213.07,"end":6213.39},{"text":"comments,","start":6213.39,"end":6213.99},{"text":"which","start":6213.99,"end":6214.27},{"text":"it","start":6214.27,"end":6214.35},{"text":"hopes","start":6214.35,"end":6214.67},{"text":"will","start":6214.67,"end":6214.83},{"text":"be","start":6214.83,"end":6214.95},{"text":"of","start":6214.95,"end":6215.07},{"text":"help","start":6215.07,"end":6215.39},{"text":"in","start":6215.39,"end":6215.47},{"text":"the","start":6215.47,"end":6215.59},{"text":"Commission's","start":6215.59,"end":6216.07},{"text":"future","start":6216.07,"end":6216.35},{"text":"work","start":6216.35,"end":6216.67},{"text":"on","start":6216.67,"end":6216.83},{"text":"the","start":6216.83,"end":6216.91},{"text":"topic.","start":6216.91,"end":6217.47}]},{"text":"First of all, my delegation would like to repeat its reservations about the Special Rapporteur's very broad view of the boundary of the subsidiary means.","start":6218.11,"end":6225.95,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. 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Discussion focused on assessing their weight, maintaining representativeness, distinguishing legal analysis from political positions, and avoiding a system of binding judicial precedent."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":6272.11,"end":6272.27},{"text":"hope","start":6272.27,"end":6272.51},{"text":"this","start":6272.51,"end":6272.75},{"text":"inconsistency","start":6272.75,"end":6273.79},{"text":"will","start":6273.79,"end":6273.95},{"text":"be","start":6273.95,"end":6274.19},{"text":"addressed","start":6274.35,"end":6275.07},{"text":"in","start":6275.71,"end":6275.87},{"text":"the","start":6275.87,"end":6275.95},{"text":"second","start":6275.95,"end":6276.43},{"text":"reading","start":6276.43,"end":6276.83},{"text":"stage.","start":6276.83,"end":6277.39}]},{"text":"Concerning draft conclusion 10, titled expert bodies, my delegation has substantial reservations about whether the category of expert bodies established without state or international organization involvement and the category of expert bodies created or empowered by states or international organizations such as the ILC itself can be subsumed under the same umbrella.","start":6278.31,"end":6300.47,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. 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Discussion focused on assessing their weight, maintaining representativeness, distinguishing legal analysis from political positions, and avoiding a system of binding judicial precedent."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":6301.11,"end":6301.23},{"text":"is","start":6301.23,"end":6301.35},{"text":"also","start":6301.35,"end":6301.67},{"text":"to","start":6301.67,"end":6301.79},{"text":"be","start":6301.79,"end":6301.91},{"text":"noted","start":6301.91,"end":6302.31},{"text":"that","start":6302.31,"end":6302.47},{"text":"in","start":6302.47,"end":6302.63},{"text":"some","start":6302.63,"end":6302.95},{"text":"practice","start":6302.95,"end":6303.43},{"text":"of","start":6303.43,"end":6303.51},{"text":"the","start":6303.51,"end":6303.59},{"text":"commission","start":6303.59,"end":6303.99},{"text":"itself,","start":6303.99,"end":6304.43},{"text":"the","start":6304.43,"end":6304.55},{"text":"first","start":6304.55,"end":6304.83},{"text":"category","start":6304.83,"end":6305.39},{"text":"is","start":6305.39,"end":6305.51},{"text":"regarded","start":6305.51,"end":6306.07},{"text":"as","start":6306.07,"end":6306.31},{"text":"falling","start":6306.31,"end":6306.75},{"text":"under","start":6306.75,"end":6306.95},{"text":"doctrine.","start":6306.95,"end":6307.51}]},{"text":"In light of this, we advise of the necessity for the Commission to revisit these questions in the second reading stage.","start":6308.43,"end":6314.67,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":6308.43,"end":6308.55},{"text":"light","start":6308.55,"end":6308.79},{"text":"of","start":6308.79,"end":6308.87},{"text":"this,","start":6308.87,"end":6309.23},{"text":"we","start":6309.23,"end":6309.39},{"text":"advise","start":6309.39,"end":6309.87},{"text":"of","start":6309.87,"end":6309.95},{"text":"the","start":6309.95,"end":6310.07},{"text":"necessity","start":6310.07,"end":6311.07},{"text":"for","start":6311.07,"end":6311.23},{"text":"the","start":6311.23,"end":6311.31},{"text":"Commission","start":6311.31,"end":6311.79},{"text":"to","start":6311.79,"end":6311.91},{"text":"revisit","start":6311.91,"end":6312.43},{"text":"these","start":6312.43,"end":6312.67},{"text":"questions","start":6312.67,"end":6313.31},{"text":"in","start":6313.31,"end":6313.47},{"text":"the","start":6313.47,"end":6313.63},{"text":"second","start":6313.63,"end":6313.87},{"text":"reading","start":6313.87,"end":6314.11},{"text":"stage.","start":6314.11,"end":6314.67}]},{"text":"Concerning judicial decisions, my delegation would like to reiterate the Korean Government's respect for the decisions of international courts and tribunals.","start":6315.67,"end":6324.11,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. Discussion focused on assessing their weight, maintaining representativeness, distinguishing legal analysis from political positions, and avoiding a system of binding judicial precedent."}],"words":[{"text":"Concerning","start":6315.67,"end":6316.19},{"text":"judicial","start":6316.19,"end":6316.67},{"text":"decisions,","start":6316.67,"end":6317.47},{"text":"my","start":6317.55,"end":6317.71},{"text":"delegation","start":6317.71,"end":6318.27},{"text":"would","start":6318.27,"end":6318.39},{"text":"like","start":6318.39,"end":6318.59},{"text":"to","start":6318.59,"end":6318.67},{"text":"reiterate","start":6318.67,"end":6319.31},{"text":"the","start":6319.31,"end":6319.43},{"text":"Korean","start":6319.43,"end":6319.75},{"text":"Government's","start":6319.75,"end":6320.31},{"text":"respect","start":6320.31,"end":6321.23},{"text":"for","start":6321.31,"end":6321.55},{"text":"the","start":6321.55,"end":6321.71},{"text":"decisions","start":6321.71,"end":6322.23},{"text":"of","start":6322.23,"end":6322.31},{"text":"international","start":6322.31,"end":6322.91},{"text":"courts","start":6322.91,"end":6323.31},{"text":"and","start":6323.31,"end":6323.43},{"text":"tribunals.","start":6323.43,"end":6324.11}]},{"text":"Having said that, it would be also advisable to take a balanced and cautious approach to the assessment of judicial decisions.","start":6324.67,"end":6331.71,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. Discussion focused on assessing their weight, maintaining representativeness, distinguishing legal analysis from political positions, and avoiding a system of binding judicial precedent."}],"words":[{"text":"Having","start":6324.67,"end":6325.03},{"text":"said","start":6325.03,"end":6325.19},{"text":"that,","start":6325.19,"end":6325.55},{"text":"it","start":6325.55,"end":6325.63},{"text":"would","start":6325.67,"end":6325.79},{"text":"be","start":6325.79,"end":6325.99},{"text":"also","start":6325.99,"end":6326.47},{"text":"advisable","start":6326.47,"end":6327.07},{"text":"to","start":6327.07,"end":6327.27},{"text":"take","start":6327.27,"end":6327.47},{"text":"a","start":6327.47,"end":6327.51},{"text":"balanced","start":6327.51,"end":6328.11},{"text":"and","start":6328.11,"end":6328.27},{"text":"cautious","start":6328.27,"end":6328.75},{"text":"approach","start":6328.75,"end":6329.31},{"text":"to","start":6329.31,"end":6329.43},{"text":"the","start":6329.43,"end":6329.55},{"text":"assessment","start":6329.71,"end":6330.35},{"text":"of","start":6330.35,"end":6330.43},{"text":"judicial","start":6330.43,"end":6330.95},{"text":"decisions.","start":6330.95,"end":6331.71}]},{"text":"Such caution is in view of the fact that different courts and tribunals occasionally adopt divergent reasoning regarding identical legal questions.","start":6332.27,"end":6340.59,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. Discussion focused on assessing their weight, maintaining representativeness, distinguishing legal analysis from political positions, and avoiding a system of binding judicial precedent."}],"words":[{"text":"Such","start":6332.27,"end":6332.51},{"text":"caution","start":6332.51,"end":6333.07},{"text":"is","start":6333.07,"end":6333.23},{"text":"in","start":6333.23,"end":6333.39},{"text":"view","start":6333.39,"end":6333.63},{"text":"of","start":6333.63,"end":6333.71},{"text":"the","start":6333.71,"end":6333.83},{"text":"fact","start":6333.83,"end":6334.35},{"text":"that","start":6334.51,"end":6334.87},{"text":"different","start":6334.87,"end":6335.27},{"text":"courts","start":6335.27,"end":6335.63},{"text":"and","start":6335.63,"end":6335.75},{"text":"tribunals","start":6335.75,"end":6336.43},{"text":"occasionally","start":6336.67,"end":6337.23},{"text":"adopt","start":6337.23,"end":6337.67},{"text":"divergent","start":6337.67,"end":6338.23},{"text":"reasoning","start":6338.23,"end":6338.67},{"text":"regarding","start":6338.67,"end":6339.07},{"text":"identical","start":6339.07,"end":6339.71},{"text":"legal","start":6339.71,"end":6339.95},{"text":"questions.","start":6339.95,"end":6340.59}]},{"text":"We also encounter cases in which dissenting or separate opinions prove more convincing than the majority view, subsequently securing a wider acceptance by the international community.","start":6341.31,"end":6352.27,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. Discussion focused on assessing their weight, maintaining representativeness, distinguishing legal analysis from political positions, and avoiding a system of binding judicial precedent."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":6341.31,"end":6341.47},{"text":"also","start":6341.47,"end":6341.83},{"text":"encounter","start":6341.83,"end":6342.35},{"text":"cases","start":6342.35,"end":6342.91},{"text":"in","start":6342.91,"end":6342.99},{"text":"which","start":6342.99,"end":6343.23},{"text":"dissenting","start":6343.23,"end":6344.03},{"text":"or","start":6344.03,"end":6344.19},{"text":"separate","start":6344.19,"end":6344.59},{"text":"opinions","start":6344.59,"end":6345.15},{"text":"prove","start":6345.15,"end":6345.47},{"text":"more","start":6345.47,"end":6345.79},{"text":"convincing","start":6345.79,"end":6346.43},{"text":"than","start":6346.43,"end":6346.55},{"text":"the","start":6346.55,"end":6346.67},{"text":"majority","start":6346.67,"end":6347.15},{"text":"view,","start":6347.15,"end":6347.55},{"text":"subsequently","start":6347.95,"end":6348.75},{"text":"securing","start":6348.75,"end":6349.39},{"text":"a","start":6349.47,"end":6349.51},{"text":"wider","start":6349.51,"end":6349.91},{"text":"acceptance","start":6349.91,"end":6350.75},{"text":"by","start":6350.75,"end":6351.07},{"text":"the","start":6351.07,"end":6351.19},{"text":"international","start":6351.19,"end":6351.75},{"text":"community.","start":6351.75,"end":6352.27}]},{"text":"An apt example would be the recent ICJ judgment on the question of the extended continental shelf.","start":6353.03,"end":6358.43,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. Discussion focused on assessing their weight, maintaining representativeness, distinguishing legal analysis from political positions, and avoiding a system of binding judicial precedent."}],"words":[{"text":"An","start":6353.03,"end":6353.15},{"text":"apt","start":6353.15,"end":6353.39},{"text":"example","start":6353.39,"end":6353.91},{"text":"would","start":6353.91,"end":6354.03},{"text":"be","start":6354.03,"end":6354.19},{"text":"the","start":6354.19,"end":6354.31},{"text":"recent","start":6354.31,"end":6354.83},{"text":"ICJ","start":6354.83,"end":6355.31},{"text":"judgment","start":6355.31,"end":6355.79},{"text":"on","start":6355.79,"end":6355.87},{"text":"the","start":6355.87,"end":6355.95},{"text":"question","start":6355.95,"end":6356.39},{"text":"of","start":6356.39,"end":6356.47},{"text":"the","start":6356.47,"end":6356.55},{"text":"extended","start":6356.55,"end":6357.07},{"text":"continental","start":6357.23,"end":6358.03},{"text":"shelf.","start":6358.03,"end":6358.43}]},{"text":"In closing on this topic, we hope that the Commission will continue to make its contribution to this important topic, and our government will keep participating in the consideration of the topic actively and fully cooperate with the Commission.","start":6359.43,"end":6372.07,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":6359.43,"end":6359.59},{"text":"closing","start":6359.59,"end":6359.99},{"text":"on","start":6359.99,"end":6360.07},{"text":"this","start":6360.07,"end":6360.23},{"text":"topic,","start":6360.23,"end":6360.79},{"text":"we","start":6360.87,"end":6361.03},{"text":"hope","start":6361.03,"end":6361.31},{"text":"that","start":6361.31,"end":6361.43},{"text":"the","start":6361.43,"end":6361.51},{"text":"Commission","start":6361.51,"end":6361.95},{"text":"will","start":6361.95,"end":6362.07},{"text":"continue","start":6362.07,"end":6362.63},{"text":"to","start":6362.63,"end":6362.75},{"text":"make","start":6362.75,"end":6363.03},{"text":"its","start":6363.03,"end":6363.19},{"text":"contribution","start":6363.19,"end":6363.95},{"text":"to","start":6363.95,"end":6364.07},{"text":"this","start":6364.07,"end":6364.23},{"text":"important","start":6364.23,"end":6364.75},{"text":"topic,","start":6364.75,"end":6365.19},{"text":"and","start":6365.67,"end":6365.99},{"text":"our","start":6365.99,"end":6366.15},{"text":"government","start":6366.15,"end":6366.59},{"text":"will","start":6366.59,"end":6366.71},{"text":"keep","start":6366.71,"end":6367.07},{"text":"participating","start":6367.07,"end":6367.71},{"text":"in","start":6367.71,"end":6367.79},{"text":"the","start":6367.79,"end":6367.87},{"text":"consideration","start":6367.87,"end":6368.47},{"text":"of","start":6368.47,"end":6368.55},{"text":"the","start":6368.55,"end":6368.63},{"text":"topic","start":6368.63,"end":6369.03},{"text":"actively","start":6369.03,"end":6369.67},{"text":"and","start":6370.15,"end":6370.39},{"text":"fully","start":6370.39,"end":6370.71},{"text":"cooperate","start":6370.71,"end":6371.19},{"text":"with","start":6371.19,"end":6371.39},{"text":"the","start":6371.39,"end":6371.47},{"text":"Commission.","start":6371.47,"end":6372.07}]},{"text":"Next, moving on to the settlement of disputes to which international organizations are parties.","start":6372.79,"end":6377.67,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next,","start":6372.79,"end":6373.11},{"text":"moving","start":6373.11,"end":6373.43},{"text":"on","start":6373.43,"end":6373.59},{"text":"to","start":6373.59,"end":6373.83},{"text":"the","start":6373.83,"end":6373.99},{"text":"settlement","start":6373.99,"end":6374.43},{"text":"of","start":6374.43,"end":6374.51},{"text":"disputes","start":6374.51,"end":6375.11},{"text":"to","start":6375.11,"end":6375.19},{"text":"which","start":6375.19,"end":6375.51},{"text":"international","start":6375.51,"end":6376.03},{"text":"organizations","start":6376.03,"end":6376.87},{"text":"are","start":6376.87,"end":6377.03},{"text":"parties.","start":6377.03,"end":6377.67}]},{"text":"Mr. Chair.","start":6378.31,"end":6378.95,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":6378.31,"end":6378.63},{"text":"Chair.","start":6378.63,"end":6378.95}]},{"text":"My delegation expresses its gratitude for the excellent third report prepared by the Special Rapporteur, Mr. Reinisch, and for the meticulous discussion of the topic by the Commission at the 77th session.","start":6379.91,"end":6390.63,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"My","start":6379.91,"end":6380.07},{"text":"delegation","start":6380.07,"end":6380.59},{"text":"expresses","start":6380.59,"end":6381.11},{"text":"its","start":6381.11,"end":6381.43},{"text":"gratitude","start":6381.43,"end":6381.95},{"text":"for","start":6381.95,"end":6382.07},{"text":"the","start":6382.07,"end":6382.19},{"text":"excellent","start":6382.47,"end":6382.95},{"text":"third","start":6382.95,"end":6383.19},{"text":"report","start":6383.19,"end":6383.67},{"text":"prepared","start":6383.67,"end":6384.15},{"text":"by","start":6384.15,"end":6384.27},{"text":"the","start":6384.27,"end":6384.35},{"text":"Special","start":6384.35,"end":6384.71},{"text":"Rapporteur,","start":6384.71,"end":6385.35},{"text":"Mr.","start":6385.35,"end":6385.87},{"text":"Reinisch,","start":6385.87,"end":6386.39},{"text":"and","start":6386.59,"end":6386.79},{"text":"for","start":6386.79,"end":6386.91},{"text":"the","start":6386.91,"end":6386.99},{"text":"meticulous","start":6386.99,"end":6387.55},{"text":"discussion","start":6387.55,"end":6388.11},{"text":"of","start":6388.11,"end":6388.19},{"text":"the","start":6388.19,"end":6388.27},{"text":"topic","start":6388.27,"end":6388.79},{"text":"by","start":6388.79,"end":6388.95},{"text":"the","start":6388.95,"end":6389.03},{"text":"Commission","start":6389.03,"end":6389.43},{"text":"at","start":6389.43,"end":6389.51},{"text":"the","start":6389.51,"end":6389.59},{"text":"77th","start":6389.59,"end":6390.19},{"text":"session.","start":6390.19,"end":6390.63}]},{"text":"Also takes note of the adoption of the entire set of draft guidelines together with commentaries on first reading.","start":6391.35,"end":6397.11,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Also","start":6391.35,"end":6391.67},{"text":"takes","start":6391.67,"end":6392.07},{"text":"note","start":6392.07,"end":6392.55},{"text":"of","start":6392.55,"end":6392.71},{"text":"the","start":6392.75,"end":6392.83},{"text":"adoption","start":6392.83,"end":6393.27},{"text":"of","start":6393.27,"end":6393.35},{"text":"the","start":6393.35,"end":6393.43},{"text":"entire","start":6393.43,"end":6393.75},{"text":"set","start":6393.75,"end":6393.99},{"text":"of","start":6393.99,"end":6394.07},{"text":"draft","start":6394.07,"end":6394.39},{"text":"guidelines","start":6394.39,"end":6394.83},{"text":"together","start":6394.83,"end":6395.27},{"text":"with","start":6395.27,"end":6395.39},{"text":"commentaries","start":6395.39,"end":6396.07},{"text":"on","start":6396.07,"end":6396.31},{"text":"first","start":6396.31,"end":6396.71},{"text":"reading.","start":6396.71,"end":6397.11}]},{"text":"My delegation would like to manifest this opportunity to offer observation on some of the draft guidelines.","start":6397.83,"end":6402.87,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"My","start":6397.83,"end":6397.99},{"text":"delegation","start":6397.99,"end":6398.51},{"text":"would","start":6398.51,"end":6398.63},{"text":"like","start":6398.63,"end":6398.83},{"text":"to","start":6398.83,"end":6398.95},{"text":"manifest","start":6398.95,"end":6399.51},{"text":"this","start":6399.51,"end":6399.67},{"text":"opportunity","start":6399.67,"end":6400.15},{"text":"to","start":6400.15,"end":6400.27},{"text":"offer","start":6400.27,"end":6400.63},{"text":"observation","start":6400.63,"end":6401.35},{"text":"on","start":6401.35,"end":6401.51},{"text":"some","start":6401.51,"end":6401.75},{"text":"of","start":6401.75,"end":6401.83},{"text":"the","start":6401.83,"end":6401.91},{"text":"draft","start":6401.91,"end":6402.27},{"text":"guidelines.","start":6402.27,"end":6402.87}]},{"text":"First, the draft guidelines adopted on first reading are structured based on the identity of parties to the dispute.","start":6403.35,"end":6409.27,"topics":[{"key":"international-organization-disputes","label":"Dispute Settlement Involving International Organizations","description":"Speakers discussed guidelines for resolving disputes involving international organizations, States, and private parties, particularly the relationship between organizational immunity and effective access to justice. 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the Special Rapporteur's third report provides a very comprehensive and even encyclopedic survey of state practice, jurisprudence, and doctrine.","start":6441.87,"end":6450.91,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Secondly,","start":6441.87,"end":6442.51},{"text":"the","start":6442.51,"end":6442.67},{"text":"Special","start":6442.67,"end":6443.03},{"text":"Rapporteur's","start":6443.03,"end":6443.63},{"text":"third","start":6443.63,"end":6443.95},{"text":"report","start":6443.95,"end":6444.35},{"text":"provides","start":6444.35,"end":6444.83},{"text":"a","start":6444.83,"end":6444.87},{"text":"very","start":6444.87,"end":6445.15},{"text":"comprehensive","start":6445.15,"end":6445.99},{"text":"and","start":6445.99,"end":6446.19},{"text":"even","start":6446.19,"end":6446.67},{"text":"encyclopedic","start":6446.67,"end":6447.51},{"text":"survey","start":6447.51,"end":6447.95},{"text":"of","start":6447.95,"end":6448.03},{"text":"state","start":6448.03,"end":6448.31},{"text":"practice,","start":6448.31,"end":6448.99},{"text":"jurisprudence,","start":6449.31,"end":6450.15},{"text":"and","start":6450.15,"end":6450.31},{"text":"doctrine.","start":6450.31,"end":6450.91}]},{"text":"However, one wonders whether the richness of his report has been reflected in the draft guidelines drafted.","start":6451.47,"end":6456.43,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"However,","start":6451.47,"end":6452.03},{"text":"one","start":6452.03,"end":6452.27},{"text":"wonders","start":6452.27,"end":6452.67},{"text":"whether","start":6452.67,"end":6452.99},{"text":"the","start":6452.99,"end":6453.07},{"text":"richness","start":6453.07,"end":6453.55},{"text":"of","start":6453.55,"end":6453.63},{"text":"his","start":6453.63,"end":6453.87},{"text":"report","start":6453.87,"end":6454.19},{"text":"has","start":6454.19,"end":6454.35},{"text":"been","start":6454.35,"end":6454.47},{"text":"reflected","start":6454.47,"end":6454.95},{"text":"in","start":6454.95,"end":6455.03},{"text":"the","start":6455.03,"end":6455.11},{"text":"draft","start":6455.11,"end":6455.43},{"text":"guidelines","start":6455.43,"end":6455.83},{"text":"drafted.","start":6455.83,"end":6456.43}]},{"text":"My delegation hopes that the practical richness of the report will be more fully reflected in the substantive specificity of the draft guidelines.","start":6457.11,"end":6464.07,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"My","start":6457.11,"end":6457.27},{"text":"delegation","start":6457.27,"end":6457.75},{"text":"hopes","start":6457.75,"end":6458.07},{"text":"that","start":6458.07,"end":6458.19},{"text":"the","start":6458.19,"end":6458.31},{"text":"practical","start":6458.31,"end":6458.95},{"text":"richness","start":6458.95,"end":6459.39},{"text":"of","start":6459.39,"end":6459.47},{"text":"the","start":6459.47,"end":6459.55},{"text":"report","start":6459.55,"end":6460.03},{"text":"will","start":6460.03,"end":6460.15},{"text":"be","start":6460.15,"end":6460.31},{"text":"more","start":6460.31,"end":6460.47},{"text":"fully","start":6460.47,"end":6460.79},{"text":"reflected","start":6460.79,"end":6461.27},{"text":"in","start":6461.27,"end":6461.35},{"text":"the","start":6461.35,"end":6461.43},{"text":"substantive","start":6461.43,"end":6461.99},{"text":"specificity","start":6461.99,"end":6462.95},{"text":"of","start":6462.95,"end":6463.03},{"text":"the","start":6463.03,"end":6463.11},{"text":"draft","start":6463.11,"end":6463.43},{"text":"guidelines.","start":6463.43,"end":6464.07}]},{"text":"Thirdly, my delegation would like to address the key question of immunity of international organizations provided for in draft guideline 9.","start":6464.71,"end":6472.47,"topics":[{"key":"international-organization-disputes","label":"Dispute Settlement Involving International Organizations","description":"Speakers discussed guidelines for resolving disputes involving international organizations, States, and private parties, particularly the relationship between organizational immunity and effective access to justice. They considered the choice of judicial and alternative settlement mechanisms, party autonomy, power imbalances, and safeguards for impartiality and due process."}],"words":[{"text":"Thirdly,","start":6464.71,"end":6465.35},{"text":"my","start":6465.35,"end":6465.59},{"text":"delegation","start":6465.59,"end":6466.07},{"text":"would","start":6466.07,"end":6466.19},{"text":"like","start":6466.19,"end":6466.39},{"text":"to","start":6466.39,"end":6466.51},{"text":"address","start":6466.51,"end":6466.87},{"text":"the","start":6466.87,"end":6466.95},{"text":"key","start":6466.95,"end":6467.19},{"text":"question","start":6467.19,"end":6467.71},{"text":"of","start":6467.71,"end":6467.83},{"text":"immunity","start":6467.83,"end":6468.63},{"text":"of","start":6468.63,"end":6468.95},{"text":"international","start":6468.95,"end":6469.55},{"text":"organizations","start":6469.55,"end":6470.31},{"text":"provided","start":6470.31,"end":6470.87},{"text":"for","start":6470.87,"end":6471.15},{"text":"in","start":6471.15,"end":6471.27},{"text":"draft","start":6471.27,"end":6471.63},{"text":"guideline","start":6471.63,"end":6472.03},{"text":"9.","start":6472.03,"end":6472.47}]},{"text":"It is generally recognized that there is a very close link between the immunities of international organizations and human rights considerations.","start":6473.19,"end":6480.15,"topics":[{"key":"international-organization-disputes","label":"Dispute Settlement Involving International Organizations","description":"Speakers discussed guidelines for resolving disputes involving international organizations, States, and private parties, particularly the relationship between organizational immunity and effective access to justice. They considered the choice of judicial and alternative settlement mechanisms, party autonomy, power imbalances, and safeguards for impartiality and due process."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":6473.19,"end":6473.35},{"text":"is","start":6473.35,"end":6473.51},{"text":"generally","start":6473.51,"end":6473.99},{"text":"recognized","start":6473.99,"end":6474.51},{"text":"that","start":6474.51,"end":6474.63},{"text":"there","start":6474.63,"end":6474.79},{"text":"is","start":6474.79,"end":6474.91},{"text":"a","start":6474.91,"end":6474.95},{"text":"very","start":6474.95,"end":6475.27},{"text":"close","start":6475.27,"end":6475.59},{"text":"link","start":6475.59,"end":6475.99},{"text":"between","start":6475.99,"end":6476.35},{"text":"the","start":6476.35,"end":6476.43},{"text":"immunities","start":6476.43,"end":6477.03},{"text":"of","start":6477.03,"end":6477.11},{"text":"international","start":6477.11,"end":6477.63},{"text":"organizations","start":6477.63,"end":6478.51},{"text":"and","start":6478.51,"end":6478.63},{"text":"human","start":6478.63,"end":6478.95},{"text":"rights","start":6478.95,"end":6479.19},{"text":"considerations.","start":6479.19,"end":6480.15}]},{"text":"This point is clearly admitted in paragraph 10 of the commentary to draft guideline 9.","start":6480.71,"end":6485.19,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":6480.71,"end":6480.95},{"text":"point","start":6480.95,"end":6481.23},{"text":"is","start":6481.23,"end":6481.35},{"text":"clearly","start":6481.35,"end":6481.79},{"text":"admitted","start":6481.79,"end":6482.23},{"text":"in","start":6482.23,"end":6482.31},{"text":"paragraph","start":6482.31,"end":6482.79},{"text":"10","start":6482.79,"end":6483.07},{"text":"of","start":6483.07,"end":6483.15},{"text":"the","start":6483.15,"end":6483.23},{"text":"commentary","start":6483.23,"end":6483.83},{"text":"to","start":6483.83,"end":6483.95},{"text":"draft","start":6483.95,"end":6484.35},{"text":"guideline","start":6484.35,"end":6484.75},{"text":"9.","start":6484.75,"end":6485.19}]},{"text":"In this connection, it is suggested that draft guideline 9, instead of addressing the question of immunities of international organizations through one standalone sentence, be linked with some considerations found in draft guidelines 11, such as human rights requirements.","start":6485.75,"end":6500.07,"topics":[{"key":"international-organization-disputes","label":"Dispute Settlement Involving International Organizations","description":"Speakers discussed guidelines for resolving disputes involving international organizations, States, and private parties, particularly the relationship between organizational immunity and effective access to justice. 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the draft guidelines employ a variety of verbs connoting different levels of normativity, such as should, is to be, and 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8 of the commentary to draft guideline 9 briefly alludes to this question.","start":6545.79,"end":6550.51,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Paragraph","start":6545.79,"end":6546.27},{"text":"8","start":6546.27,"end":6546.55},{"text":"of","start":6546.55,"end":6546.63},{"text":"the","start":6546.63,"end":6546.71},{"text":"commentary","start":6546.71,"end":6547.23},{"text":"to","start":6547.23,"end":6547.47},{"text":"draft","start":6547.47,"end":6547.83},{"text":"guideline","start":6547.83,"end":6548.23},{"text":"9","start":6548.23,"end":6548.67},{"text":"briefly","start":6548.67,"end":6549.11},{"text":"alludes","start":6549.11,"end":6549.47},{"text":"to","start":6549.47,"end":6549.63},{"text":"this","start":6549.63,"end":6549.87},{"text":"question.","start":6549.87,"end":6550.51}]},{"text":"We welcome further clarification on this point, particularly regarding whether it is appropriate to use binding legal language in draft guidelines that are inherently 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delegation hopes that the Commission will successfully engage in a second reading exercise and reiterates its willingness to work with the Commission on its future work on this 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turning our attention to the next chapter on succession of states in respect of state responsibility, my delegation would like to express its appreciation for the work of the Working Group of the Whole, chaired by Mr. Bimal Patel, which prepared a procedural report that could bring the work of the Commission on this challenging topic to a close.","start":6569.15,"end":6586.43,"topics":[{"key":"state-succession-responsibility","label":"State Succession and State Responsibility","description":"Delegations considered whether and how responsibility for internationally wrongful acts carries over following State succession, noting limited, diverse, and context-specific State practice. 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drawn from this exercise should help the Commission to improve its working methods, particularly when selecting future 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you have the floor.","start":6607.07,"end":6608.03,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Please,","start":6607.07,"end":6607.39},{"text":"you","start":6607.39,"end":6607.51},{"text":"have","start":6607.51,"end":6607.63},{"text":"the","start":6607.63,"end":6607.75},{"text":"floor.","start":6607.75,"end":6608.03}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"6th Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair","affiliation_full":"6th Committee"}},{"statement_number":33,"start":6613.71,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c6/81/34?lang=en&t=1:50:14","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Chair.","start":6613.71,"end":6614.59,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":6613.71,"end":6614.03},{"text":"you,","start":6614.03,"end":6614.11},{"text":"Chair.","start":6614.11,"end":6614.59}]},{"text":"this opportunity to speak to you today on the cluster two 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the matter of subsidiary means for the determination of rules of international law, Canada appreciates the Commission's efforts to provide greater clarity and consistency with respect to how much means are utilized to determine the existence and the content of rules of international law.","start":6628.79,"end":6643.75,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. 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Discussion focused on assessing their weight, maintaining representativeness, distinguishing legal analysis from political positions, and avoiding a system of binding judicial precedent."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":6645.63,"end":6645.95},{"text":"thank","start":6645.95,"end":6646.19},{"text":"the","start":6646.19,"end":6646.27},{"text":"Special","start":6646.27,"end":6646.55},{"text":"Rapporteur,","start":6646.55,"end":6647.07},{"text":"Mr.","start":6647.07,"end":6647.39},{"text":"Charles","start":6647.39,"end":6647.87},{"text":"Jalloh,","start":6648.11,"end":6648.67},{"text":"for","start":6649.95,"end":6650.19},{"text":"his","start":6650.19,"end":6650.35},{"text":"work","start":6650.35,"end":6650.59},{"text":"advancing","start":6650.59,"end":6651.07},{"text":"the","start":6651.07,"end":6651.19},{"text":"research","start":6651.19,"end":6651.59},{"text":"in","start":6651.59,"end":6651.67},{"text":"this","start":6651.67,"end":6651.87},{"text":"area.","start":6651.87,"end":6652.27}]},{"text":"Canada's position remains that it is when states themselves cannot agree either on the extent of applicable international legal obligations or on the legal consequences of a violation of these obligations that the use of subsidiary means of interpretation might possibly come into play.","start":6655.95,"end":6675.99,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. Discussion focused on assessing their weight, maintaining representativeness, distinguishing legal analysis from political positions, and avoiding a system of binding judicial precedent."}],"words":[{"text":"Canada's","start":6655.95,"end":6656.43},{"text":"position","start":6656.43,"end":6656.83},{"text":"remains","start":6656.83,"end":6657.39},{"text":"that","start":6657.55,"end":6657.87},{"text":"it","start":6657.87,"end":6657.95},{"text":"is","start":6657.95,"end":6658.15},{"text":"when","start":6658.15,"end":6658.35},{"text":"states","start":6658.35,"end":6658.75},{"text":"themselves","start":6658.75,"end":6659.23},{"text":"cannot","start":6659.23,"end":6659.55},{"text":"agree","start":6659.55,"end":6660.03},{"text":"either","start":6660.03,"end":6660.31},{"text":"on","start":6660.31,"end":6660.43},{"text":"the","start":6660.43,"end":6660.51},{"text":"extent","start":6660.51,"end":6661.15},{"text":"of","start":6661.23,"end":6661.43},{"text":"applicable","start":6661.43,"end":6661.87},{"text":"international","start":6661.87,"end":6662.59},{"text":"legal","start":6662.59,"end":6662.79},{"text":"obligations","start":6662.79,"end":6663.55},{"text":"or","start":6664.43,"end":6664.91},{"text":"on","start":6664.91,"end":6665.07},{"text":"the","start":6665.07,"end":6665.27},{"text":"legal","start":6665.47,"end":6666.03},{"text":"consequences","start":6666.03,"end":6666.87},{"text":"of","start":6666.87,"end":6666.99},{"text":"a","start":6666.99,"end":6667.07},{"text":"violation","start":6667.07,"end":6667.59},{"text":"of","start":6667.59,"end":6667.67},{"text":"these","start":6667.67,"end":6667.87},{"text":"obligations","start":6667.87,"end":6668.67},{"text":"that","start":6669.63,"end":6669.87},{"text":"the","start":6669.87,"end":6669.99},{"text":"use","start":6669.99,"end":6670.35},{"text":"of","start":6670.79,"end":6670.99},{"text":"subsidiary","start":6671.15,"end":6671.79},{"text":"means","start":6671.79,"end":6672.27},{"text":"of","start":6672.27,"end":6672.43},{"text":"interpretation","start":6672.43,"end":6673.31},{"text":"might","start":6673.99,"end":6674.55},{"text":"possibly","start":6674.79,"end":6675.27},{"text":"come","start":6675.27,"end":6675.43},{"text":"into","start":6675.43,"end":6675.67},{"text":"play.","start":6675.67,"end":6675.99}]},{"text":"In other words, when States find themselves before the ICJ to resolve a dispute over one or both of these elements, the Court's use of subsidiary means to determine rules of law in the context of the peaceful resolution of disputes is not itself determinative with respect to the status of international law, per Article 59 of the Court's Statute.","start":6680.15,"end":6700.39,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. Discussion focused on assessing their weight, maintaining representativeness, distinguishing legal analysis from political positions, and avoiding a system of binding judicial precedent."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":6680.15,"end":6680.27},{"text":"other","start":6680.27,"end":6680.43},{"text":"words,","start":6680.43,"end":6680.71},{"text":"when","start":6680.71,"end":6680.87},{"text":"States","start":6680.87,"end":6681.19},{"text":"find","start":6681.19,"end":6681.35},{"text":"themselves","start":6681.35,"end":6681.75},{"text":"before","start":6681.75,"end":6682.07},{"text":"the","start":6682.07,"end":6682.27},{"text":"ICJ","start":6682.27,"end":6682.87},{"text":"to","start":6682.87,"end":6682.99},{"text":"resolve","start":6682.99,"end":6683.35},{"text":"a","start":6683.35,"end":6683.39},{"text":"dispute","start":6683.39,"end":6683.91},{"text":"over","start":6683.91,"end":6684.23},{"text":"one","start":6684.23,"end":6684.55},{"text":"or","start":6684.55,"end":6684.79},{"text":"both","start":6684.79,"end":6684.99},{"text":"of","start":6684.99,"end":6685.07},{"text":"these","start":6685.07,"end":6685.27},{"text":"elements,","start":6685.27,"end":6685.75},{"text":"the","start":6686.47,"end":6686.71},{"text":"Court's","start":6686.71,"end":6687.07},{"text":"use","start":6687.07,"end":6687.27},{"text":"of","start":6687.27,"end":6687.43},{"text":"subsidiary","start":6687.43,"end":6688.07},{"text":"means","start":6688.07,"end":6688.47},{"text":"to","start":6688.47,"end":6688.55},{"text":"determine","start":6688.55,"end":6689.07},{"text":"rules","start":6689.07,"end":6689.27},{"text":"of","start":6689.27,"end":6689.35},{"text":"law","start":6689.35,"end":6689.59},{"text":"in","start":6689.59,"end":6689.67},{"text":"the","start":6689.67,"end":6689.79},{"text":"context","start":6689.79,"end":6690.27},{"text":"of","start":6690.27,"end":6690.39},{"text":"the","start":6690.39,"end":6690.47},{"text":"peaceful","start":6690.47,"end":6690.87},{"text":"resolution","start":6690.87,"end":6691.51},{"text":"of","start":6691.51,"end":6691.71},{"text":"disputes","start":6691.71,"end":6692.39},{"text":"is","start":6692.71,"end":6692.95},{"text":"not","start":6692.95,"end":6693.15},{"text":"itself","start":6693.15,"end":6693.59},{"text":"determinative","start":6693.75,"end":6694.55},{"text":"with","start":6694.79,"end":6695.07},{"text":"respect","start":6695.07,"end":6695.47},{"text":"to","start":6695.47,"end":6695.55},{"text":"the","start":6695.55,"end":6695.71},{"text":"status","start":6695.71,"end":6696.07},{"text":"of","start":6696.07,"end":6696.15},{"text":"international","start":6696.15,"end":6696.75},{"text":"law,","start":6696.75,"end":6696.95},{"text":"per","start":6698.39,"end":6698.63},{"text":"Article","start":6698.63,"end":6698.95},{"text":"59","start":6698.95,"end":6699.39},{"text":"of","start":6699.39,"end":6699.47},{"text":"the","start":6699.47,"end":6699.55},{"text":"Court's","start":6699.55,"end":6699.87},{"text":"Statute.","start":6699.87,"end":6700.39}]},{"text":"Canada has previously agreed with the position that the decisions of the court carry weight as expressions of such rules and have value in terms of legal certainty.","start":6700.99,"end":6711.31,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. Discussion focused on assessing their weight, maintaining representativeness, distinguishing legal analysis from political positions, and avoiding a system of binding judicial precedent."}],"words":[{"text":"Canada","start":6700.99,"end":6701.31},{"text":"has","start":6701.31,"end":6701.47},{"text":"previously","start":6701.47,"end":6701.99},{"text":"agreed","start":6701.99,"end":6702.35},{"text":"with","start":6702.35,"end":6702.51},{"text":"the","start":6702.51,"end":6702.59},{"text":"position","start":6702.59,"end":6703.15},{"text":"that","start":6703.15,"end":6703.39},{"text":"the","start":6703.39,"end":6703.59},{"text":"decisions","start":6703.63,"end":6704.23},{"text":"of","start":6704.23,"end":6704.31},{"text":"the","start":6704.31,"end":6704.43},{"text":"court","start":6704.43,"end":6704.83},{"text":"carry","start":6705.15,"end":6705.55},{"text":"weight","start":6705.55,"end":6706.11},{"text":"as","start":6706.11,"end":6706.39},{"text":"expressions","start":6706.39,"end":6707.15},{"text":"of","start":6707.15,"end":6707.39},{"text":"such","start":6707.55,"end":6707.95},{"text":"rules","start":6707.95,"end":6708.51},{"text":"and","start":6708.51,"end":6708.83},{"text":"have","start":6708.83,"end":6709.07},{"text":"value","start":6709.07,"end":6709.55},{"text":"in","start":6709.79,"end":6709.99},{"text":"terms","start":6709.99,"end":6710.35},{"text":"of","start":6710.35,"end":6710.43},{"text":"legal","start":6710.43,"end":6710.75},{"text":"certainty.","start":6710.75,"end":6711.31}]},{"text":"However, international law is created through the consent and practice of states, and judicial decisions and teachings should only serve to inform the determination of rules of law when clarity cannot be found within the rules themselves.","start":6712.11,"end":6726.03,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. Discussion focused on assessing their weight, maintaining representativeness, distinguishing legal analysis from political positions, and avoiding a system of binding judicial precedent."}],"words":[{"text":"However,","start":6712.11,"end":6712.59},{"text":"international","start":6713.07,"end":6713.75},{"text":"law","start":6713.75,"end":6713.95},{"text":"is","start":6713.95,"end":6714.11},{"text":"created","start":6714.11,"end":6714.75},{"text":"through","start":6714.83,"end":6715.07},{"text":"the","start":6715.07,"end":6715.15},{"text":"consent","start":6715.15,"end":6715.67},{"text":"and","start":6715.67,"end":6715.79},{"text":"practice","start":6715.79,"end":6716.27},{"text":"of","start":6716.27,"end":6716.35},{"text":"states,","start":6716.35,"end":6716.91},{"text":"and","start":6717.55,"end":6717.71},{"text":"judicial","start":6717.71,"end":6718.15},{"text":"decisions","start":6718.15,"end":6718.67},{"text":"and","start":6718.67,"end":6718.83},{"text":"teachings","start":6718.83,"end":6719.47},{"text":"should","start":6719.79,"end":6720.19},{"text":"only","start":6720.19,"end":6720.43},{"text":"serve","start":6720.43,"end":6720.83},{"text":"to","start":6720.83,"end":6720.95},{"text":"inform","start":6720.95,"end":6721.31},{"text":"the","start":6721.31,"end":6721.43},{"text":"determination","start":6721.43,"end":6722.15},{"text":"of","start":6722.15,"end":6722.27},{"text":"rules","start":6722.27,"end":6722.59},{"text":"of","start":6722.59,"end":6722.67},{"text":"law","start":6722.67,"end":6723.07},{"text":"when","start":6723.27,"end":6723.47},{"text":"clarity","start":6723.47,"end":6723.91},{"text":"cannot","start":6723.91,"end":6724.19},{"text":"be","start":6724.19,"end":6724.31},{"text":"found","start":6724.31,"end":6724.75},{"text":"within","start":6724.75,"end":6725.03},{"text":"the","start":6725.03,"end":6725.11},{"text":"rules","start":6725.11,"end":6725.39},{"text":"themselves.","start":6725.39,"end":6726.03}]},{"text":"On a final note, while Canada has advised caution in the expansion of the scope of judicial decisions to a broader meaning of decisions that would include final judgments, advisory opinions, awards, and any other orders issued in incidental or interlocutory proceedings, including provisional measures, we are pleased to note that an element of weighting has been incorporated into the draft articles in this regard.","start":6728.07,"end":6754.15,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. 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the settlement of disputes to which international organizations are parties, Canada thanks Special Rapporteur August Reinisch for his work.","start":6759.71,"end":6768.03,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"On","start":6759.71,"end":6759.91},{"text":"the","start":6759.91,"end":6760.03},{"text":"settlement","start":6760.03,"end":6760.55},{"text":"of","start":6760.55,"end":6760.67},{"text":"disputes","start":6760.67,"end":6761.23},{"text":"to","start":6761.23,"end":6761.35},{"text":"which","start":6761.35,"end":6761.55},{"text":"international","start":6761.55,"end":6762.19},{"text":"organizations","start":6762.19,"end":6763.03},{"text":"are","start":6763.03,"end":6763.15},{"text":"parties,","start":6763.15,"end":6763.79},{"text":"Canada","start":6764.11,"end":6764.51},{"text":"thanks","start":6764.51,"end":6764.95},{"text":"Special","start":6764.95,"end":6765.31},{"text":"Rapporteur","start":6765.31,"end":6766.03},{"text":"August","start":6766.03,"end":6766.51},{"text":"Reinisch","start":6766.67,"end":6767.23},{"text":"for","start":6767.31,"end":6767.47},{"text":"his","start":6767.47,"end":6767.71},{"text":"work.","start":6767.71,"end":6768.03}]},{"text":"We welcome the completion of the first reading of the 12 draft guidelines and the progress made in addressing disputes between international organization and private parties.","start":6768.51,"end":6776.75,"topics":[{"key":"international-organization-disputes","label":"Dispute Settlement Involving International Organizations","description":"Speakers discussed guidelines for resolving disputes involving international organizations, States, and private parties, particularly the relationship between organizational immunity and effective access to justice. 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They considered the choice of judicial and alternative settlement mechanisms, party autonomy, power imbalances, and safeguards for impartiality and due process."}],"words":[{"text":"While","start":6917.03,"end":6917.31},{"text":"this","start":6917.31,"end":6917.51},{"text":"example","start":6917.51,"end":6918.07},{"text":"illustrates","start":6918.07,"end":6918.71},{"text":"the","start":6918.71,"end":6918.79},{"text":"role","start":6918.79,"end":6919.03},{"text":"of","start":6919.03,"end":6919.11},{"text":"treaty-based","start":6919.11,"end":6920.23},{"text":"arrangements","start":6920.23,"end":6920.87},{"text":"in","start":6920.87,"end":6920.95},{"text":"facilitating","start":6920.95,"end":6921.67},{"text":"dispute","start":6921.67,"end":6922.07},{"text":"settlement,","start":6922.07,"end":6922.63},{"text":"Article","start":6922.95,"end":6923.39},{"text":"33","start":6923.39,"end":6923.99},{"text":"reflects","start":6923.99,"end":6924.55},{"text":"a","start":6924.55,"end":6924.59},{"text":"specific","start":6924.59,"end":6925.11},{"text":"undertaking","start":6925.11,"end":6925.75},{"text":"between","start":6925.75,"end":6926.23},{"text":"Canada","start":6926.23,"end":6926.71},{"text":"and","start":6926.71,"end":6926.87},{"text":"ICAO.","start":6926.87,"end":6927.43}]},{"text":"That undertaking does not, by itself, establish an equivalent customary obligation applicable to international organizations generally.","start":6928.07,"end":6936.15,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"That","start":6928.07,"end":6928.39},{"text":"undertaking","start":6928.39,"end":6929.03},{"text":"does","start":6929.03,"end":6929.43},{"text":"not,","start":6929.43,"end":6929.83},{"text":"by","start":6929.83,"end":6930.07},{"text":"itself,","start":6930.07,"end":6930.55},{"text":"establish","start":6930.55,"end":6931.11},{"text":"an","start":6931.11,"end":6931.19},{"text":"equivalent","start":6931.19,"end":6931.71},{"text":"customary","start":6931.71,"end":6932.39},{"text":"obligation","start":6932.63,"end":6933.23},{"text":"applicable","start":6933.23,"end":6933.75},{"text":"to","start":6933.75,"end":6933.83},{"text":"international","start":6933.83,"end":6934.55},{"text":"organizations","start":6934.79,"end":6935.59},{"text":"generally.","start":6935.59,"end":6936.15}]},{"text":"Any such conclusion would require an assessment of general practice accepted as law.","start":6936.55,"end":6941.03,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Any","start":6936.55,"end":6936.79},{"text":"such","start":6936.79,"end":6937.03},{"text":"conclusion","start":6937.03,"end":6937.59},{"text":"would","start":6937.59,"end":6937.75},{"text":"require","start":6937.75,"end":6938.27},{"text":"an","start":6938.27,"end":6938.39},{"text":"assessment","start":6938.39,"end":6938.95},{"text":"of","start":6938.95,"end":6939.03},{"text":"general","start":6939.03,"end":6939.39},{"text":"practice","start":6939.39,"end":6939.91},{"text":"accepted","start":6939.91,"end":6940.47},{"text":"as","start":6940.47,"end":6940.71},{"text":"law.","start":6940.71,"end":6941.03}]},{"text":"Canada supports the objective of ensuring that private parties have access to appropriate and effective means of resolving disputes.","start":6942.23,"end":6948.95,"topics":[{"key":"international-organization-disputes","label":"Dispute Settlement Involving International Organizations","description":"Speakers discussed guidelines for resolving disputes involving international organizations, States, and private parties, particularly the relationship between organizational immunity and effective access to justice. They considered the choice of judicial and alternative settlement mechanisms, party autonomy, power imbalances, and safeguards for impartiality and due process."}],"words":[{"text":"Canada","start":6942.23,"end":6942.63},{"text":"supports","start":6942.63,"end":6943.19},{"text":"the","start":6943.19,"end":6943.31},{"text":"objective","start":6943.35,"end":6943.99},{"text":"of","start":6944.03,"end":6944.15},{"text":"ensuring","start":6944.15,"end":6944.63},{"text":"that","start":6944.63,"end":6944.87},{"text":"private","start":6944.87,"end":6945.19},{"text":"parties","start":6945.19,"end":6945.67},{"text":"have","start":6945.67,"end":6945.83},{"text":"access","start":6945.83,"end":6946.23},{"text":"to","start":6946.23,"end":6946.35},{"text":"appropriate","start":6946.35,"end":6946.87},{"text":"and","start":6946.87,"end":6946.99},{"text":"effective","start":6946.99,"end":6947.43},{"text":"means","start":6947.43,"end":6947.71},{"text":"of","start":6947.71,"end":6947.83},{"text":"resolving","start":6947.83,"end":6948.27},{"text":"disputes.","start":6948.27,"end":6948.95}]},{"text":"We welcome the commentary's clarification.","start":6949.35,"end":6951.51,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":6949.35,"end":6949.51},{"text":"welcome","start":6949.51,"end":6949.83},{"text":"the","start":6949.83,"end":6949.95},{"text":"commentary's","start":6949.95,"end":6950.59},{"text":"clarification.","start":6950.59,"end":6951.51}]},{"text":"that the draft guidelines do not require international organizations to waive their immunity or to open recourse to national courts.","start":6952.03,"end":6959.87,"topics":[{"key":"international-organization-disputes","label":"Dispute Settlement Involving International Organizations","description":"Speakers discussed guidelines for resolving disputes involving international organizations, States, and private parties, particularly the relationship between organizational immunity and effective access to justice. They considered the choice of judicial and alternative settlement mechanisms, party autonomy, power imbalances, and safeguards for impartiality and due process."}],"words":[{"text":"that","start":6952.03,"end":6952.67},{"text":"the","start":6952.75,"end":6953.11},{"text":"draft","start":6953.11,"end":6953.39},{"text":"guidelines","start":6953.39,"end":6953.95},{"text":"do","start":6953.95,"end":6954.03},{"text":"not","start":6954.03,"end":6954.27},{"text":"require","start":6954.27,"end":6954.75},{"text":"international","start":6954.75,"end":6955.27},{"text":"organizations","start":6955.27,"end":6956.11},{"text":"to","start":6956.11,"end":6956.27},{"text":"waive","start":6956.27,"end":6956.51},{"text":"their","start":6956.51,"end":6956.71},{"text":"immunity","start":6956.71,"end":6957.23},{"text":"or","start":6957.39,"end":6957.63},{"text":"to","start":6957.63,"end":6957.91},{"text":"open","start":6957.91,"end":6958.11},{"text":"recourse","start":6958.11,"end":6958.67},{"text":"to","start":6958.67,"end":6958.75},{"text":"national","start":6958.75,"end":6959.23},{"text":"courts.","start":6959.23,"end":6959.87}]},{"text":"We also note its acknowledgment that views differ as to whether the absence of reasonable alternative means of dispute settlement entails the loss of jurisdictional immunity.","start":6960.19,"end":6969.71,"topics":[{"key":"international-organization-disputes","label":"Dispute Settlement Involving International Organizations","description":"Speakers discussed guidelines for resolving disputes involving international organizations, States, and private parties, particularly the relationship between organizational immunity and effective access to justice. They considered the choice of judicial and alternative settlement mechanisms, party autonomy, power imbalances, and safeguards for impartiality and due process."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":6960.19,"end":6960.43},{"text":"also","start":6960.43,"end":6960.75},{"text":"note","start":6960.75,"end":6961.15},{"text":"its","start":6961.15,"end":6961.35},{"text":"acknowledgment","start":6961.35,"end":6962.03},{"text":"that","start":6962.03,"end":6962.19},{"text":"views","start":6962.19,"end":6962.59},{"text":"differ","start":6962.59,"end":6962.99},{"text":"as","start":6963.23,"end":6963.39},{"text":"to","start":6963.39,"end":6963.51},{"text":"whether","start":6963.51,"end":6963.79},{"text":"the","start":6963.79,"end":6963.91},{"text":"absence","start":6963.91,"end":6964.39},{"text":"of","start":6964.39,"end":6964.51},{"text":"reasonable","start":6964.51,"end":6964.91},{"text":"alternative","start":6964.91,"end":6965.55},{"text":"means","start":6965.55,"end":6965.95},{"text":"of","start":6965.99,"end":6966.07},{"text":"dispute","start":6966.07,"end":6966.43},{"text":"settlement","start":6966.43,"end":6966.91},{"text":"entails","start":6967.11,"end":6967.59},{"text":"the","start":6967.59,"end":6967.67},{"text":"loss","start":6967.67,"end":6968.03},{"text":"of","start":6968.07,"end":6968.19},{"text":"jurisdictional","start":6968.19,"end":6968.99},{"text":"immunity.","start":6968.99,"end":6969.71}]},{"text":"Against this background, Canada encourages the Commission, on second reading, to clarify the legal basis and scope of the obligations reflected in draft guidelines 10 to 12.","start":6971.27,"end":6982.55,"topics":[{"key":"international-organization-disputes","label":"Dispute Settlement Involving International Organizations","description":"Speakers discussed guidelines for resolving disputes involving international organizations, States, and private parties, particularly the relationship between organizational immunity and effective access to justice. They considered the choice of judicial and alternative settlement mechanisms, party autonomy, power imbalances, and safeguards for impartiality and due process."}],"words":[{"text":"Against","start":6971.27,"end":6971.67},{"text":"this","start":6971.67,"end":6971.83},{"text":"background,","start":6971.83,"end":6972.63},{"text":"Canada","start":6972.95,"end":6973.35},{"text":"encourages","start":6973.35,"end":6974.07},{"text":"the","start":6974.31,"end":6974.39},{"text":"Commission,","start":6974.39,"end":6975.59},{"text":"on","start":6975.83,"end":6976.07},{"text":"second","start":6976.07,"end":6976.39},{"text":"reading,","start":6976.39,"end":6976.79},{"text":"to","start":6976.79,"end":6976.95},{"text":"clarify","start":6976.95,"end":6977.43},{"text":"the","start":6977.43,"end":6977.55},{"text":"legal","start":6977.55,"end":6977.91},{"text":"basis","start":6977.91,"end":6978.55},{"text":"and","start":6978.79,"end":6978.95},{"text":"scope","start":6978.95,"end":6979.27},{"text":"of","start":6979.27,"end":6979.35},{"text":"the","start":6979.35,"end":6979.47},{"text":"obligations","start":6979.47,"end":6980.15},{"text":"reflected","start":6980.15,"end":6980.63},{"text":"in","start":6980.63,"end":6980.71},{"text":"draft","start":6980.71,"end":6981.03},{"text":"guidelines","start":6981.03,"end":6981.55},{"text":"10","start":6981.55,"end":6981.83},{"text":"to","start":6981.83,"end":6982.03},{"text":"12.","start":6982.03,"end":6982.55}]},{"text":"In particular, the commentaries characterize access to justice and certain procedural guarantees as requirements of customary international law.","start":6983.03,"end":6993.15,"topics":[{"key":"international-organization-disputes","label":"Dispute Settlement Involving International Organizations","description":"Speakers discussed guidelines for resolving disputes involving international organizations, States, and private parties, particularly the relationship between organizational immunity and effective access to justice. They considered the choice of judicial and alternative settlement mechanisms, party autonomy, power imbalances, and safeguards for impartiality and due process."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":6983.03,"end":6983.19},{"text":"particular,","start":6983.19,"end":6983.91},{"text":"the","start":6984.15,"end":6984.31},{"text":"commentaries","start":6984.31,"end":6984.95},{"text":"characterize","start":6984.95,"end":6985.75},{"text":"access","start":6985.75,"end":6986.07},{"text":"to","start":6986.07,"end":6986.23},{"text":"justice","start":6986.23,"end":6986.95},{"text":"and","start":6987.19,"end":6987.35},{"text":"certain","start":6987.35,"end":6987.87},{"text":"procedural","start":6988.55,"end":6989.19},{"text":"guarantees","start":6989.19,"end":6990.07},{"text":"as","start":6990.23,"end":6990.47},{"text":"requirements","start":6990.47,"end":6991.15},{"text":"of","start":6991.15,"end":6991.27},{"text":"customary","start":6991.27,"end":6991.99},{"text":"international","start":6991.99,"end":6993.07},{"text":"law.","start":6993.07,"end":6993.15}]},{"text":"Greater clarity would be welcome on the basis for these conclusions, the extent to which the resulting obligations apply to international organizations and their relationship with existing immunity regimes.","start":6993.91,"end":7005.99,"topics":[{"key":"international-organization-disputes","label":"Dispute Settlement Involving International Organizations","description":"Speakers discussed guidelines for resolving disputes involving international organizations, States, and private parties, particularly the relationship between organizational immunity and effective access to justice. They considered the choice of judicial and alternative settlement mechanisms, party autonomy, power imbalances, and safeguards for impartiality and due process."}],"words":[{"text":"Greater","start":6993.91,"end":6994.27},{"text":"clarity","start":6994.27,"end":6994.87},{"text":"would","start":6994.87,"end":6995.11},{"text":"be","start":6995.11,"end":6995.27},{"text":"welcome","start":6995.27,"end":6995.67},{"text":"on","start":6995.67,"end":6995.83},{"text":"the","start":6995.83,"end":6995.91},{"text":"basis","start":6995.91,"end":6996.55},{"text":"for","start":6996.55,"end":6996.75},{"text":"these","start":6996.75,"end":6996.95},{"text":"conclusions,","start":6996.95,"end":6997.83},{"text":"the","start":6998.07,"end":6998.27},{"text":"extent","start":6998.27,"end":6998.75},{"text":"to","start":6998.75,"end":6998.83},{"text":"which","start":6998.83,"end":6999.11},{"text":"the","start":6999.11,"end":6999.19},{"text":"resulting","start":6999.19,"end":6999.67},{"text":"obligations","start":6999.67,"end":7000.31},{"text":"apply","start":7000.31,"end":7000.63},{"text":"to","start":7000.63,"end":7000.83},{"text":"international","start":7000.83,"end":7001.39},{"text":"organizations","start":7001.39,"end":7002.31},{"text":"and","start":7002.55,"end":7002.75},{"text":"their","start":7002.75,"end":7002.87},{"text":"relationship","start":7002.87,"end":7003.59},{"text":"with","start":7003.59,"end":7003.75},{"text":"existing","start":7003.75,"end":7004.39},{"text":"immunity","start":7004.39,"end":7005.27},{"text":"regimes.","start":7005.27,"end":7005.99}]},{"text":"As Canada has previously emphasized, judicial decisions and teachings are subsidiary means for determining rules of international law.","start":7007.43,"end":7015.51,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. Discussion focused on assessing their weight, maintaining representativeness, distinguishing legal analysis from political positions, and avoiding a system of binding judicial precedent."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":7007.43,"end":7007.67},{"text":"Canada","start":7007.67,"end":7008.15},{"text":"has","start":7008.39,"end":7008.63},{"text":"previously","start":7008.63,"end":7009.27},{"text":"emphasized,","start":7009.27,"end":7010.15},{"text":"judicial","start":7010.55,"end":7011.03},{"text":"decisions","start":7011.03,"end":7011.59},{"text":"and","start":7011.59,"end":7011.71},{"text":"teachings","start":7011.71,"end":7012.15},{"text":"are","start":7012.15,"end":7012.39},{"text":"subsidiary","start":7012.39,"end":7013.11},{"text":"means","start":7013.11,"end":7013.51},{"text":"for","start":7013.51,"end":7013.63},{"text":"determining","start":7013.63,"end":7014.15},{"text":"rules","start":7014.15,"end":7014.35},{"text":"of","start":7014.35,"end":7014.43},{"text":"international","start":7014.43,"end":7015.43},{"text":"law.","start":7015.43,"end":7015.51}]},{"text":"While judicial decisions may provide valuable guidance and national court decisions may also constitute evidence of state practice, Care is warranted when drawing general conclusions from judgments applying particular regional human rights instruments or domestic constitutional guarantees.","start":7015.91,"end":7033.83,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. 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statement.","start":7091.43,"end":7094.39,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":7091.43,"end":7091.59},{"text":"will","start":7091.63,"end":7091.75},{"text":"present","start":7091.75,"end":7092.27},{"text":"this","start":7092.27,"end":7092.47},{"text":"shortened","start":7092.47,"end":7092.99},{"text":"version","start":7092.99,"end":7093.43},{"text":"of","start":7093.43,"end":7093.59},{"text":"the","start":7093.59,"end":7093.67},{"text":"statement.","start":7093.67,"end":7094.39}]},{"text":"At the outset, I would like to stress that Croatia appreciates the efforts that the special rapporteurs invested in the preparation of their reports on the topics included under this 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also would like to thank the Chair of the Working Group on Succession of States in Respect of State Responsibility for his 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me to start with the topic subsidiary means for the determination of the rules of international law.","start":7115.83,"end":7121.47,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. Discussion focused on assessing their weight, maintaining representativeness, distinguishing legal analysis from political positions, and avoiding a system of binding judicial precedent."}],"words":[{"text":"Allow","start":7115.83,"end":7116.11},{"text":"me","start":7116.11,"end":7116.31},{"text":"to","start":7116.31,"end":7116.43},{"text":"start","start":7116.43,"end":7116.91},{"text":"with","start":7116.91,"end":7117.03},{"text":"the","start":7117.03,"end":7117.11},{"text":"topic","start":7117.11,"end":7117.51},{"text":"subsidiary","start":7117.51,"end":7118.31},{"text":"means","start":7118.31,"end":7118.71},{"text":"for","start":7118.71,"end":7118.87},{"text":"the","start":7118.87,"end":7118.95},{"text":"determination","start":7118.95,"end":7119.91},{"text":"of","start":7119.91,"end":7120.07},{"text":"the","start":7120.07,"end":7120.19},{"text":"rules","start":7120.19,"end":7120.47},{"text":"of","start":7120.47,"end":7120.59},{"text":"international","start":7120.59,"end":7121.39},{"text":"law.","start":7121.39,"end":7121.47}]},{"text":"Croatia supports the emphasis placed in the draft conclusions on the fact that subsidiary means are not autonomous sources of international law, but rather essential instruments to assist in determining the existence and content of its rules.","start":7122.27,"end":7137.15,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. 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Discussion focused on assessing their weight, maintaining representativeness, distinguishing legal analysis from political positions, and avoiding a system of binding judicial precedent."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":7138.43,"end":7138.59},{"text":"commend","start":7138.59,"end":7139.15},{"text":"the","start":7139.15,"end":7139.27},{"text":"establishment","start":7139.27,"end":7140.11},{"text":"of","start":7140.11,"end":7140.27},{"text":"a","start":7140.27,"end":7140.35},{"text":"non-exhaustive","start":7140.35,"end":7141.19},{"text":"framework","start":7141.19,"end":7141.99},{"text":"by","start":7142.03,"end":7142.27},{"text":"using","start":7142.27,"end":7142.67},{"text":"the","start":7142.67,"end":7142.75},{"text":"clear","start":7142.75,"end":7143.27},{"text":"and","start":7143.27,"end":7143.47},{"text":"general","start":7143.47,"end":7143.95},{"text":"term","start":7143.95,"end":7144.27},{"text":"included","start":7144.27,"end":7144.99},{"text":"in","start":7144.99,"end":7145.19},{"text":"its","start":7145.19,"end":7145.39},{"text":"chapeau.","start":7145.39,"end":7145.95}]},{"text":"It is our view that the quality of the reasoning included as a criterion in draft conclusion 4 is open to different interpretations and may be applied differently to different subsidiary means.","start":7146.95,"end":7160.79,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. Discussion focused on assessing their weight, maintaining representativeness, distinguishing legal analysis from political positions, and avoiding a system of binding judicial precedent."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":7146.95,"end":7147.15},{"text":"is","start":7147.15,"end":7147.27},{"text":"our","start":7147.27,"end":7147.51},{"text":"view","start":7147.51,"end":7147.83},{"text":"that","start":7147.83,"end":7148.03},{"text":"the","start":7148.03,"end":7148.11},{"text":"quality","start":7148.11,"end":7148.87},{"text":"of","start":7148.87,"end":7149.11},{"text":"the","start":7149.11,"end":7149.19},{"text":"reasoning","start":7149.19,"end":7149.83},{"text":"included","start":7149.83,"end":7150.71},{"text":"as","start":7150.95,"end":7151.19},{"text":"a","start":7151.19,"end":7151.23},{"text":"criterion","start":7151.23,"end":7152.15},{"text":"in","start":7152.15,"end":7152.31},{"text":"draft","start":7152.31,"end":7152.63},{"text":"conclusion","start":7152.63,"end":7153.19},{"text":"4","start":7153.19,"end":7153.75},{"text":"is","start":7154.07,"end":7154.39},{"text":"open","start":7154.39,"end":7154.79},{"text":"to","start":7154.79,"end":7154.95},{"text":"different","start":7154.95,"end":7155.39},{"text":"interpretations","start":7155.39,"end":7156.55},{"text":"and","start":7156.63,"end":7156.79},{"text":"may","start":7156.79,"end":7157.03},{"text":"be","start":7157.03,"end":7157.19},{"text":"applied","start":7157.19,"end":7157.87},{"text":"differently","start":7157.87,"end":7158.63},{"text":"to","start":7158.87,"end":7159.03},{"text":"different","start":7159.03,"end":7159.51},{"text":"subsidiary","start":7159.51,"end":7160.23},{"text":"means.","start":7160.23,"end":7160.79}]},{"text":"Croatia therefore believes that its meaning should be clarified and that further guidance on its application should be provided in the text of the commentary to ensure its consistent application.","start":7161.51,"end":7174.55,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. Discussion focused on assessing their weight, maintaining representativeness, distinguishing legal analysis from political positions, and avoiding a system of binding judicial precedent."}],"words":[{"text":"Croatia","start":7161.51,"end":7161.99},{"text":"therefore","start":7161.99,"end":7162.39},{"text":"believes","start":7162.39,"end":7162.95},{"text":"that","start":7162.95,"end":7163.67},{"text":"its","start":7164.07,"end":7164.39},{"text":"meaning","start":7164.39,"end":7164.79},{"text":"should","start":7164.79,"end":7165.07},{"text":"be","start":7165.11,"end":7165.43},{"text":"clarified","start":7165.43,"end":7166.31},{"text":"and","start":7166.79,"end":7166.99},{"text":"that","start":7166.99,"end":7167.19},{"text":"further","start":7167.19,"end":7167.51},{"text":"guidance","start":7167.51,"end":7168.15},{"text":"on","start":7168.15,"end":7168.31},{"text":"its","start":7168.31,"end":7168.47},{"text":"application","start":7168.47,"end":7169.19},{"text":"should","start":7169.19,"end":7169.43},{"text":"be","start":7169.43,"end":7169.51},{"text":"provided","start":7169.51,"end":7170.15},{"text":"in","start":7170.23,"end":7170.35},{"text":"the","start":7170.35,"end":7170.43},{"text":"text","start":7170.43,"end":7170.95},{"text":"of","start":7170.95,"end":7171.11},{"text":"the","start":7171.11,"end":7171.19},{"text":"commentary","start":7171.19,"end":7171.91},{"text":"to","start":7172.23,"end":7172.39},{"text":"ensure","start":7172.39,"end":7172.87},{"text":"its","start":7172.87,"end":7173.11},{"text":"consistent","start":7173.11,"end":7173.75},{"text":"application.","start":7173.75,"end":7174.55}]},{"text":"In our view, the use of decisions of national courts in draft conclusion 5, paragraph 2, requires further clarification by the Commission, as these decisions simultaneously serve to determine the scope and content of international rules and act as primary evidence of state practice and opinio juris that shapes customary international law.","start":7176.11,"end":7202.03,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. Discussion focused on assessing their weight, maintaining representativeness, distinguishing legal analysis from political positions, and avoiding a system of binding judicial precedent."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":7176.11,"end":7176.27},{"text":"our","start":7176.27,"end":7176.51},{"text":"view,","start":7176.51,"end":7176.99},{"text":"the","start":7176.99,"end":7177.15},{"text":"use","start":7177.15,"end":7177.47},{"text":"of","start":7177.71,"end":7178.03},{"text":"decisions","start":7178.11,"end":7178.91},{"text":"of","start":7178.99,"end":7179.15},{"text":"national","start":7179.15,"end":7179.59},{"text":"courts","start":7179.59,"end":7180.19},{"text":"in","start":7180.19,"end":7180.43},{"text":"draft","start":7180.43,"end":7180.75},{"text":"conclusion","start":7180.75,"end":7181.23},{"text":"5,","start":7181.23,"end":7181.79},{"text":"paragraph","start":7181.87,"end":7182.43},{"text":"2,","start":7182.43,"end":7182.83},{"text":"requires","start":7183.23,"end":7183.87},{"text":"further","start":7183.87,"end":7184.31},{"text":"clarification","start":7184.71,"end":7185.55},{"text":"by","start":7185.55,"end":7185.71},{"text":"the","start":7185.71,"end":7185.83},{"text":"Commission,","start":7185.83,"end":7186.43},{"text":"as","start":7186.91,"end":7187.15},{"text":"these","start":7187.15,"end":7187.39},{"text":"decisions","start":7187.39,"end":7188.19},{"text":"simultaneously","start":7188.27,"end":7189.31},{"text":"serve","start":7189.31,"end":7189.79},{"text":"to","start":7189.79,"end":7189.87},{"text":"determine","start":7189.87,"end":7190.51},{"text":"the","start":7190.51,"end":7190.59},{"text":"scope","start":7190.59,"end":7191.07},{"text":"and","start":7191.27,"end":7191.47},{"text":"content","start":7191.47,"end":7192.11},{"text":"of","start":7192.11,"end":7192.23},{"text":"international","start":7192.23,"end":7192.99},{"text":"rules","start":7192.99,"end":7193.47},{"text":"and","start":7193.95,"end":7194.27},{"text":"act","start":7194.27,"end":7194.67},{"text":"as","start":7196.27,"end":7196.43},{"text":"primary","start":7196.43,"end":7196.91},{"text":"evidence","start":7196.91,"end":7197.47},{"text":"of","start":7197.47,"end":7197.63},{"text":"state","start":7197.63,"end":7197.95},{"text":"practice","start":7197.95,"end":7198.59},{"text":"and","start":7198.67,"end":7198.83},{"text":"opinio","start":7198.83,"end":7199.27},{"text":"juris","start":7199.27,"end":7199.79},{"text":"that","start":7199.79,"end":7200.03},{"text":"shapes","start":7200.03,"end":7200.51},{"text":"customary","start":7200.51,"end":7201.11},{"text":"international","start":7201.11,"end":7201.95},{"text":"law.","start":7201.95,"end":7202.03}]},{"text":"Croatia comments the comprehensive framework established on the part four and welcomes the balanced approach taken toward teachings and the clarity provided in draft conclusion 11 regarding the specific role of resolutions as subsidiary means.","start":7203.27,"end":7219.83,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. Discussion focused on assessing their weight, maintaining representativeness, distinguishing legal analysis from political positions, and avoiding a system of binding judicial precedent."}],"words":[{"text":"Croatia","start":7203.27,"end":7203.67},{"text":"comments","start":7203.67,"end":7204.31},{"text":"the","start":7204.31,"end":7204.51},{"text":"comprehensive","start":7204.51,"end":7205.31},{"text":"framework","start":7205.31,"end":7205.91},{"text":"established","start":7205.91,"end":7206.51},{"text":"on","start":7206.51,"end":7206.63},{"text":"the","start":7206.63,"end":7206.71},{"text":"part","start":7206.71,"end":7207.03},{"text":"four","start":7207.03,"end":7207.91},{"text":"and","start":7208.47,"end":7208.67},{"text":"welcomes","start":7208.67,"end":7209.19},{"text":"the","start":7209.19,"end":7209.31},{"text":"balanced","start":7209.31,"end":7209.79},{"text":"approach","start":7209.79,"end":7210.31},{"text":"taken","start":7210.63,"end":7211.19},{"text":"toward","start":7211.19,"end":7211.55},{"text":"teachings","start":7211.55,"end":7212.31},{"text":"and","start":7212.39,"end":7212.55},{"text":"the","start":7212.55,"end":7212.63},{"text":"clarity","start":7212.63,"end":7213.07},{"text":"provided","start":7213.07,"end":7213.67},{"text":"in","start":7213.67,"end":7213.83},{"text":"draft","start":7213.83,"end":7214.15},{"text":"conclusion","start":7214.15,"end":7214.71},{"text":"11","start":7214.71,"end":7215.27},{"text":"regarding","start":7215.75,"end":7216.39},{"text":"the","start":7216.39,"end":7216.47},{"text":"specific","start":7216.47,"end":7217.03},{"text":"role","start":7217.03,"end":7217.43},{"text":"of","start":7217.43,"end":7217.59},{"text":"resolutions","start":7217.59,"end":7218.39},{"text":"as","start":7218.39,"end":7218.55},{"text":"subsidiary","start":7218.55,"end":7219.31},{"text":"means.","start":7219.31,"end":7219.83}]},{"text":"We consider that draft conclusion 12 and 13 should be closely interconnected, thereby avoiding fragmentation and ensuring a systematic approach to international law.","start":7220.79,"end":7232.51,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":7220.79,"end":7220.87},{"text":"consider","start":7220.87,"end":7221.55},{"text":"that","start":7221.55,"end":7221.79},{"text":"draft","start":7221.79,"end":7222.07},{"text":"conclusion","start":7222.07,"end":7222.63},{"text":"12","start":7222.63,"end":7223.11},{"text":"and","start":7223.15,"end":7223.27},{"text":"13","start":7223.27,"end":7223.99},{"text":"should","start":7224.31,"end":7224.63},{"text":"be","start":7224.63,"end":7224.79},{"text":"closely","start":7224.79,"end":7225.43},{"text":"interconnected,","start":7225.43,"end":7226.47},{"text":"thereby","start":7227.03,"end":7227.51},{"text":"avoiding","start":7227.51,"end":7228.23},{"text":"fragmentation","start":7228.23,"end":7229.27},{"text":"and","start":7229.27,"end":7229.47},{"text":"ensuring","start":7229.47,"end":7229.99},{"text":"a","start":7229.99,"end":7230.07},{"text":"systematic","start":7230.07,"end":7230.87},{"text":"approach","start":7230.87,"end":7231.31},{"text":"to","start":7231.31,"end":7231.55},{"text":"international","start":7231.55,"end":7232.43},{"text":"law.","start":7232.43,"end":7232.51}]},{"text":"Furthermore, regarding draft conclusion 13, Croatia proposes the Commission to consider to include the reference on how soft law indirectly influences the establishment of hard law.","start":7233.47,"end":7246.67,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. Discussion focused on assessing their weight, maintaining representativeness, distinguishing legal analysis from political positions, and avoiding a system of binding judicial precedent."}],"words":[{"text":"Furthermore,","start":7233.47,"end":7234.19},{"text":"regarding","start":7234.27,"end":7234.91},{"text":"draft","start":7234.91,"end":7235.51},{"text":"conclusion","start":7235.51,"end":7236.03},{"text":"13,","start":7236.03,"end":7236.83},{"text":"Croatia","start":7237.23,"end":7237.79},{"text":"proposes","start":7237.79,"end":7238.51},{"text":"the","start":7238.51,"end":7238.59},{"text":"Commission","start":7238.59,"end":7239.15},{"text":"to","start":7239.15,"end":7239.27},{"text":"consider","start":7239.27,"end":7239.87},{"text":"to","start":7240.03,"end":7240.15},{"text":"include","start":7240.15,"end":7240.55},{"text":"the","start":7240.55,"end":7240.63},{"text":"reference","start":7240.63,"end":7241.23},{"text":"on","start":7241.23,"end":7241.39},{"text":"how","start":7241.39,"end":7241.63},{"text":"soft","start":7241.63,"end":7242.11},{"text":"law","start":7242.11,"end":7242.51},{"text":"indirectly","start":7243.31,"end":7244.11},{"text":"influences","start":7244.19,"end":7244.99},{"text":"the","start":7244.99,"end":7245.11},{"text":"establishment","start":7245.11,"end":7245.91},{"text":"of","start":7245.91,"end":7246.07},{"text":"hard","start":7246.07,"end":7246.35},{"text":"law.","start":7246.35,"end":7246.67}]},{"text":"Mr. Chair, let me now turn briefly to the topic settlement of disputes to which international organizations are parties.","start":7247.71,"end":7254.75,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":7247.71,"end":7248.03},{"text":"Chair,","start":7248.03,"end":7248.43},{"text":"let","start":7248.51,"end":7248.75},{"text":"me","start":7248.75,"end":7248.87},{"text":"now","start":7248.87,"end":7249.07},{"text":"turn","start":7249.07,"end":7249.71},{"text":"briefly","start":7249.71,"end":7250.19},{"text":"to","start":7250.19,"end":7250.27},{"text":"the","start":7250.27,"end":7250.39},{"text":"topic","start":7250.39,"end":7250.75},{"text":"settlement","start":7250.75,"end":7251.39},{"text":"of","start":7251.39,"end":7251.47},{"text":"disputes","start":7251.47,"end":7252.11},{"text":"to","start":7252.15,"end":7252.23},{"text":"which","start":7252.23,"end":7252.51},{"text":"international","start":7252.51,"end":7253.19},{"text":"organizations","start":7253.19,"end":7254.11},{"text":"are","start":7254.11,"end":7254.27},{"text":"parties.","start":7254.27,"end":7254.75}]},{"text":"We note that guideline 10 refers to modes of settlement whereas the remaining draft guidelines use the defined term \"means of dispute settlement.\"","start":7255.79,"end":7266.23,"topics":[{"key":"international-organization-disputes","label":"Dispute Settlement Involving International Organizations","description":"Speakers discussed guidelines for resolving disputes involving international organizations, States, and private parties, particularly the relationship between organizational immunity and effective access to justice. They considered the choice of judicial and alternative settlement mechanisms, party autonomy, power imbalances, and safeguards for impartiality and due process."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":7255.79,"end":7255.95},{"text":"note","start":7255.95,"end":7256.47},{"text":"that","start":7256.47,"end":7256.67},{"text":"guideline","start":7256.67,"end":7257.15},{"text":"10","start":7257.39,"end":7257.79},{"text":"refers","start":7257.87,"end":7258.51},{"text":"to","start":7258.51,"end":7258.63},{"text":"modes","start":7258.63,"end":7259.15},{"text":"of","start":7259.15,"end":7259.23},{"text":"settlement","start":7259.23,"end":7259.87},{"text":"whereas","start":7260.31,"end":7260.95},{"text":"the","start":7261.03,"end":7261.27},{"text":"remaining","start":7261.27,"end":7261.91},{"text":"draft","start":7261.91,"end":7262.23},{"text":"guidelines","start":7262.23,"end":7262.87},{"text":"use","start":7262.87,"end":7263.11},{"text":"the","start":7263.11,"end":7263.19},{"text":"defined","start":7263.51,"end":7263.99},{"text":"term","start":7263.99,"end":7264.43},{"text":"\"means","start":7264.43,"end":7264.87},{"text":"of","start":7264.87,"end":7264.99},{"text":"dispute","start":7264.99,"end":7265.59},{"text":"settlement.\"","start":7265.59,"end":7266.23}]},{"text":"We would welcome clarification of whether a different meaning is intended, and if this is not the case, consistent terminology would be preferable.","start":7267.11,"end":7277.51,"topics":[{"key":"international-organization-disputes","label":"Dispute Settlement Involving International Organizations","description":"Speakers discussed guidelines for resolving disputes involving international organizations, States, and private parties, particularly the relationship between organizational immunity and effective access to justice. They considered the choice of judicial and alternative settlement mechanisms, party autonomy, power imbalances, and safeguards for impartiality and due process."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":7267.11,"end":7267.27},{"text":"would","start":7267.27,"end":7267.51},{"text":"welcome","start":7267.51,"end":7267.99},{"text":"clarification","start":7267.99,"end":7269.11},{"text":"of","start":7269.19,"end":7269.47},{"text":"whether","start":7269.47,"end":7269.83},{"text":"a","start":7269.83,"end":7269.91},{"text":"different","start":7269.91,"end":7270.43},{"text":"meaning","start":7270.43,"end":7270.95},{"text":"is","start":7270.95,"end":7271.11},{"text":"intended,","start":7271.51,"end":7272.47},{"text":"and","start":7273.03,"end":7273.23},{"text":"if","start":7273.23,"end":7273.43},{"text":"this","start":7273.43,"end":7273.67},{"text":"is","start":7273.67,"end":7273.83},{"text":"not","start":7273.83,"end":7274.15},{"text":"the","start":7274.15,"end":7274.23},{"text":"case,","start":7274.23,"end":7274.71},{"text":"consistent","start":7274.71,"end":7275.47},{"text":"terminology","start":7275.47,"end":7276.23},{"text":"would","start":7276.23,"end":7276.39},{"text":"be","start":7276.39,"end":7276.51},{"text":"preferable.","start":7276.51,"end":7277.51}]},{"text":"While we welcome the careful, collaborated approach reflected in guideline 9 and 10, we would welcome further explanation in the commentary of how the differing normative language of the two guidelines is intended to operate in their interaction.","start":7278.71,"end":7296.59,"topics":[{"key":"international-organization-disputes","label":"Dispute Settlement Involving International Organizations","description":"Speakers discussed guidelines for resolving disputes involving international organizations, States, and private parties, particularly the relationship between organizational immunity and effective access to justice. They considered the choice of judicial and alternative settlement mechanisms, party autonomy, power imbalances, and safeguards for impartiality and due process."}],"words":[{"text":"While","start":7278.71,"end":7279.03},{"text":"we","start":7279.03,"end":7279.15},{"text":"welcome","start":7279.15,"end":7279.63},{"text":"the","start":7279.63,"end":7279.83},{"text":"careful,","start":7279.83,"end":7280.35},{"text":"collaborated","start":7280.35,"end":7281.39},{"text":"approach","start":7281.43,"end":7282.03},{"text":"reflected","start":7282.03,"end":7282.71},{"text":"in","start":7282.71,"end":7282.83},{"text":"guideline","start":7282.83,"end":7283.35},{"text":"9","start":7283.35,"end":7283.71},{"text":"and","start":7283.71,"end":7283.83},{"text":"10,","start":7283.83,"end":7284.27},{"text":"we","start":7284.75,"end":7284.91},{"text":"would","start":7284.91,"end":7285.15},{"text":"welcome","start":7285.15,"end":7285.71},{"text":"further","start":7285.71,"end":7286.19},{"text":"explanation","start":7286.19,"end":7287.15},{"text":"in","start":7287.15,"end":7287.31},{"text":"the","start":7287.31,"end":7287.43},{"text":"commentary","start":7287.43,"end":7288.19},{"text":"of","start":7288.43,"end":7288.59},{"text":"how","start":7288.59,"end":7288.91},{"text":"the","start":7288.91,"end":7288.99},{"text":"differing","start":7288.99,"end":7290.35},{"text":"normative","start":7290.83,"end":7291.39},{"text":"language","start":7291.39,"end":7291.95},{"text":"of","start":7292.03,"end":7292.23},{"text":"the","start":7292.23,"end":7292.31},{"text":"two","start":7292.31,"end":7292.55},{"text":"guidelines","start":7292.55,"end":7293.15},{"text":"is","start":7293.15,"end":7293.47},{"text":"intended","start":7293.47,"end":7294.07},{"text":"to","start":7294.07,"end":7294.31},{"text":"operate","start":7294.31,"end":7294.91},{"text":"in","start":7294.91,"end":7295.15},{"text":"their","start":7295.15,"end":7295.47},{"text":"interaction.","start":7295.55,"end":7296.59}]},{"text":"If there is one principle that should anchor this entire topic, it is confidence that disputes will be resolved by adjudicators who are independent and impartial, and confidence that due process will be respected at every stage.","start":7298.03,"end":7314.07,"topics":[{"key":"international-organization-disputes","label":"Dispute Settlement Involving International Organizations","description":"Speakers discussed guidelines for resolving disputes involving international organizations, States, and private parties, particularly the relationship between organizational immunity and effective access to justice. They considered the choice of judicial and alternative settlement mechanisms, party autonomy, power imbalances, and safeguards for impartiality and due process."}],"words":[{"text":"If","start":7298.03,"end":7298.11},{"text":"there","start":7298.11,"end":7298.39},{"text":"is","start":7298.39,"end":7298.59},{"text":"one","start":7298.59,"end":7298.91},{"text":"principle","start":7298.91,"end":7299.47},{"text":"that","start":7299.47,"end":7299.75},{"text":"should","start":7299.75,"end":7299.95},{"text":"anchor","start":7300.55,"end":7300.95},{"text":"this","start":7300.95,"end":7301.19},{"text":"entire","start":7301.19,"end":7301.63},{"text":"topic,","start":7301.63,"end":7302.27},{"text":"it","start":7302.67,"end":7302.83},{"text":"is","start":7302.83,"end":7302.99},{"text":"confidence","start":7302.99,"end":7303.79},{"text":"that","start":7303.87,"end":7304.19},{"text":"disputes","start":7304.19,"end":7304.75},{"text":"will","start":7304.75,"end":7304.99},{"text":"be","start":7304.99,"end":7305.11},{"text":"resolved","start":7305.11,"end":7305.71},{"text":"by","start":7305.71,"end":7305.87},{"text":"adjudicators","start":7306.19,"end":7307.07},{"text":"who","start":7307.43,"end":7307.51},{"text":"are","start":7307.51,"end":7307.83},{"text":"independent","start":7307.83,"end":7308.59},{"text":"and","start":7308.59,"end":7308.79},{"text":"impartial,","start":7308.79,"end":7309.47},{"text":"and","start":7310.07,"end":7310.23},{"text":"confidence","start":7310.23,"end":7310.87},{"text":"that","start":7310.87,"end":7311.19},{"text":"due","start":7311.19,"end":7311.35},{"text":"process","start":7311.35,"end":7311.99},{"text":"will","start":7311.99,"end":7312.15},{"text":"be","start":7312.15,"end":7312.31},{"text":"respected","start":7312.31,"end":7313.11},{"text":"at","start":7313.11,"end":7313.19},{"text":"every","start":7313.19,"end":7313.43},{"text":"stage.","start":7313.43,"end":7314.07}]},{"text":"Without that, legal certainty and the rule of law remain words on paper rather than lived guarantees for the parties involved.","start":7314.79,"end":7322.75,"topics":[{"key":"international-organization-disputes","label":"Dispute Settlement Involving International Organizations","description":"Speakers discussed guidelines for resolving disputes involving international organizations, States, and private parties, particularly the relationship between organizational immunity and effective access to justice. They considered the choice of judicial and alternative settlement mechanisms, party autonomy, power imbalances, and safeguards for impartiality and due process."}],"words":[{"text":"Without","start":7314.79,"end":7315.35},{"text":"that,","start":7315.35,"end":7315.67},{"text":"legal","start":7315.67,"end":7316.07},{"text":"certainty","start":7316.07,"end":7316.79},{"text":"and","start":7316.87,"end":7317.11},{"text":"the","start":7317.11,"end":7317.19},{"text":"rule","start":7317.19,"end":7317.47},{"text":"of","start":7317.47,"end":7317.59},{"text":"law","start":7317.59,"end":7317.83},{"text":"remain","start":7317.83,"end":7318.35},{"text":"words","start":7318.35,"end":7318.75},{"text":"on","start":7318.75,"end":7318.87},{"text":"paper","start":7318.87,"end":7319.59},{"text":"rather","start":7319.59,"end":7319.87},{"text":"than","start":7319.87,"end":7320.07},{"text":"lived","start":7320.07,"end":7320.39},{"text":"guarantees","start":7320.47,"end":7321.19},{"text":"for","start":7321.19,"end":7321.43},{"text":"the","start":7321.43,"end":7321.51},{"text":"parties","start":7321.51,"end":7322.15},{"text":"involved.","start":7322.15,"end":7322.75}]},{"text":"Draft Guidelines 12 speaks directly to this concern, and we find it encouraging that its language mirrors Draft Guideline 6.","start":7323.91,"end":7332.15,"topics":[{"key":"international-organization-disputes","label":"Dispute Settlement Involving International Organizations","description":"Speakers discussed guidelines for resolving disputes involving international organizations, States, and private parties, particularly the relationship between organizational immunity and effective access to justice. They considered the choice of judicial and alternative settlement mechanisms, party autonomy, power imbalances, and safeguards for impartiality and due process."}],"words":[{"text":"Draft","start":7323.91,"end":7324.19},{"text":"Guidelines","start":7324.19,"end":7324.71},{"text":"12","start":7324.71,"end":7325.19},{"text":"speaks","start":7325.19,"end":7325.67},{"text":"directly","start":7325.67,"end":7326.23},{"text":"to","start":7326.23,"end":7326.39},{"text":"this","start":7326.39,"end":7326.63},{"text":"concern,","start":7326.63,"end":7327.35},{"text":"and","start":7327.43,"end":7327.67},{"text":"we","start":7327.67,"end":7327.75},{"text":"find","start":7327.75,"end":7328.15},{"text":"it","start":7328.15,"end":7328.31},{"text":"encouraging","start":7328.31,"end":7329.11},{"text":"that","start":7329.51,"end":7329.67},{"text":"its","start":7329.67,"end":7329.91},{"text":"language","start":7329.91,"end":7330.31},{"text":"mirrors","start":7330.31,"end":7330.79},{"text":"Draft","start":7330.79,"end":7331.11},{"text":"Guideline","start":7331.11,"end":7331.59},{"text":"6.","start":7331.59,"end":7332.15}]},{"text":"Consistency here is not a minor drafting detail.","start":7332.83,"end":7335.95,"topics":[{"key":"international-organization-disputes","label":"Dispute Settlement Involving International Organizations","description":"Speakers discussed guidelines for resolving disputes involving international organizations, States, and private parties, particularly the relationship between organizational immunity and effective access to justice. They considered the choice of judicial and alternative settlement mechanisms, party autonomy, power imbalances, and safeguards for impartiality and due process."}],"words":[{"text":"Consistency","start":7332.83,"end":7333.55},{"text":"here","start":7333.55,"end":7333.87},{"text":"is","start":7333.87,"end":7334.03},{"text":"not","start":7334.03,"end":7334.27},{"text":"a","start":7334.35,"end":7334.43},{"text":"minor","start":7334.43,"end":7334.91},{"text":"drafting","start":7334.91,"end":7335.39},{"text":"detail.","start":7335.39,"end":7335.95}]},{"text":"It tells parties that the standard does not shift depending on which provision they are reading.","start":7336.27,"end":7341.63,"topics":[{"key":"international-organization-disputes","label":"Dispute Settlement Involving International Organizations","description":"Speakers discussed guidelines for resolving disputes involving international organizations, States, and private parties, particularly the relationship between organizational immunity and effective access to justice. They considered the choice of judicial and alternative settlement mechanisms, party autonomy, power imbalances, and safeguards for impartiality and due process."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":7336.27,"end":7336.47},{"text":"tells","start":7336.47,"end":7336.75},{"text":"parties","start":7336.75,"end":7337.31},{"text":"that","start":7337.31,"end":7337.51},{"text":"the","start":7337.51,"end":7337.59},{"text":"standard","start":7337.59,"end":7338.15},{"text":"does","start":7338.15,"end":7338.35},{"text":"not","start":7338.35,"end":7338.67},{"text":"shift","start":7338.67,"end":7338.91},{"text":"depending","start":7338.91,"end":7339.47},{"text":"on","start":7339.47,"end":7339.63},{"text":"which","start":7339.63,"end":7339.87},{"text":"provision","start":7339.87,"end":7340.59},{"text":"they","start":7340.67,"end":7340.91},{"text":"are","start":7340.91,"end":7341.23},{"text":"reading.","start":7341.23,"end":7341.63}]},{"text":"However, a broader concern remains regarding the practical application of the guidelines.","start":7342.51,"end":7347.79,"topics":[{"key":"international-organization-disputes","label":"Dispute Settlement Involving International Organizations","description":"Speakers discussed guidelines for resolving disputes involving international organizations, States, and private parties, particularly the relationship between organizational immunity and effective access to justice. They considered the choice of judicial and alternative settlement mechanisms, party autonomy, power imbalances, and safeguards for impartiality and due process."}],"words":[{"text":"However,","start":7342.51,"end":7343.23},{"text":"a","start":7343.31,"end":7343.39},{"text":"broader","start":7343.39,"end":7343.79},{"text":"concern","start":7343.79,"end":7344.51},{"text":"remains","start":7344.51,"end":7345.07},{"text":"regarding","start":7345.07,"end":7345.55},{"text":"the","start":7345.55,"end":7345.63},{"text":"practical","start":7345.63,"end":7346.19},{"text":"application","start":7346.23,"end":7346.91},{"text":"of","start":7346.91,"end":7347.07},{"text":"the","start":7347.07,"end":7347.15},{"text":"guidelines.","start":7347.15,"end":7347.79}]},{"text":"A recommendatory instrument is only as strong as the willingness of those to whom it is directed to follow it, since compliance rests entirely on voluntary adherence.","start":7348.99,"end":7359.95,"topics":[{"key":"international-organization-disputes","label":"Dispute Settlement Involving International Organizations","description":"Speakers discussed guidelines for resolving disputes involving international organizations, States, and private parties, particularly the relationship between organizational immunity and effective access to justice. They considered the choice of judicial and alternative settlement mechanisms, party autonomy, power imbalances, and safeguards for impartiality and due process."}],"words":[{"text":"A","start":7348.99,"end":7349.03},{"text":"recommendatory","start":7349.03,"end":7349.87},{"text":"instrument","start":7349.87,"end":7350.59},{"text":"is","start":7350.59,"end":7350.83},{"text":"only","start":7350.83,"end":7351.15},{"text":"as","start":7351.15,"end":7351.23},{"text":"strong","start":7351.23,"end":7351.71},{"text":"as","start":7351.79,"end":7351.95},{"text":"the","start":7351.95,"end":7352.07},{"text":"willingness","start":7352.07,"end":7352.67},{"text":"of","start":7352.75,"end":7352.91},{"text":"those","start":7352.91,"end":7353.23},{"text":"to","start":7353.23,"end":7353.35},{"text":"whom","start":7353.35,"end":7353.55},{"text":"it","start":7353.55,"end":7353.71},{"text":"is","start":7353.71,"end":7353.87},{"text":"directed","start":7353.87,"end":7354.59},{"text":"to","start":7354.59,"end":7354.75},{"text":"follow","start":7354.75,"end":7355.15},{"text":"it,","start":7355.15,"end":7355.39},{"text":"since","start":7356.03,"end":7356.39},{"text":"compliance","start":7356.39,"end":7357.23},{"text":"rests","start":7357.23,"end":7357.71},{"text":"entirely","start":7357.71,"end":7358.35},{"text":"on","start":7358.35,"end":7358.51},{"text":"voluntary","start":7358.51,"end":7359.15},{"text":"adherence.","start":7359.15,"end":7359.95}]},{"text":"We look forward to continue the discussion on this topic.","start":7361.07,"end":7364.75,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":7361.07,"end":7361.23},{"text":"look","start":7361.23,"end":7361.47},{"text":"forward","start":7361.47,"end":7361.91},{"text":"to","start":7361.91,"end":7362.15},{"text":"continue","start":7362.15,"end":7362.67},{"text":"the","start":7362.67,"end":7362.83},{"text":"discussion","start":7363.07,"end":7363.79},{"text":"on","start":7363.79,"end":7363.95},{"text":"this","start":7363.95,"end":7364.19},{"text":"topic.","start":7364.19,"end":7364.75}]},{"text":"Mr. Chair, I will conclude this addressing the topic succession of states in respect of state responsibility.","start":7366.59,"end":7373.15,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":7366.59,"end":7366.91},{"text":"Chair,","start":7366.91,"end":7367.39},{"text":"I","start":7367.39,"end":7367.55},{"text":"will","start":7367.55,"end":7367.79},{"text":"conclude","start":7367.79,"end":7368.35},{"text":"this","start":7368.35,"end":7368.55},{"text":"addressing","start":7368.55,"end":7369.15},{"text":"the","start":7369.15,"end":7369.23},{"text":"topic","start":7369.23,"end":7369.79},{"text":"succession","start":7369.79,"end":7370.39},{"text":"of","start":7370.39,"end":7370.51},{"text":"states","start":7370.51,"end":7370.95},{"text":"in","start":7370.95,"end":7371.07},{"text":"respect","start":7371.07,"end":7371.59},{"text":"of","start":7371.59,"end":7371.71},{"text":"state","start":7371.71,"end":7372.03},{"text":"responsibility.","start":7372.03,"end":7373.15}]},{"text":"We note with regret the Commission's decision to discontinue consideration of this topic after nine years of work on this topic.","start":7374.03,"end":7381.71,"topics":[{"key":"state-succession-responsibility","label":"State Succession and State Responsibility","description":"Delegations considered whether and how responsibility for internationally wrongful acts carries over following State succession, noting limited, diverse, and context-specific State practice. Views differed on the Commission’s decision to discontinue the topic, with some supporting caution and others emphasizing unresolved succession issues and the need for further legal guidance."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":7374.03,"end":7374.19},{"text":"note","start":7374.19,"end":7374.59},{"text":"with","start":7374.59,"end":7374.75},{"text":"regret","start":7374.75,"end":7375.31},{"text":"the","start":7375.31,"end":7375.43},{"text":"Commission's","start":7375.43,"end":7376.03},{"text":"decision","start":7376.03,"end":7376.67},{"text":"to","start":7376.67,"end":7376.83},{"text":"discontinue","start":7376.83,"end":7377.71},{"text":"consideration","start":7377.71,"end":7378.59},{"text":"of","start":7378.59,"end":7378.75},{"text":"this","start":7378.75,"end":7378.91},{"text":"topic","start":7378.91,"end":7379.43},{"text":"after","start":7379.43,"end":7379.71},{"text":"nine","start":7379.71,"end":7380.03},{"text":"years","start":7380.03,"end":7380.39},{"text":"of","start":7380.39,"end":7380.51},{"text":"work","start":7380.51,"end":7380.83},{"text":"on","start":7380.83,"end":7380.91},{"text":"this","start":7380.91,"end":7381.15},{"text":"topic.","start":7381.15,"end":7381.71}]},{"text":"For Croatia, this topic remains directly tied to still unresolved succession issues.","start":7382.51,"end":7390.83,"topics":[{"key":"state-succession-responsibility","label":"State Succession and State Responsibility","description":"Delegations considered whether and how responsibility for internationally wrongful acts carries over following State succession, noting limited, diverse, and context-specific State practice. Views differed on the Commission’s decision to discontinue the topic, with some supporting caution and others emphasizing unresolved succession issues and the need for further legal guidance."}],"words":[{"text":"For","start":7382.51,"end":7382.67},{"text":"Croatia,","start":7382.67,"end":7383.23},{"text":"this","start":7383.95,"end":7384.27},{"text":"topic","start":7384.75,"end":7386.03},{"text":"remains","start":7386.03,"end":7386.43},{"text":"directly","start":7386.43,"end":7387.35},{"text":"tied","start":7387.63,"end":7387.95},{"text":"to","start":7387.95,"end":7388.27},{"text":"still","start":7388.27,"end":7388.67},{"text":"unresolved","start":7388.91,"end":7389.47},{"text":"succession","start":7389.47,"end":7390.19},{"text":"issues.","start":7390.19,"end":7390.83}]},{"text":"Namely, more than three decades after the dissolution of the former Yugoslavia and 22 years after the entry into force of the Agreement on Succession Issues, the succession process unfortunately has not been completed yet, mostly due to lack of readiness on a part of a particular successor state.","start":7391.43,"end":7412.23,"topics":[{"key":"state-succession-responsibility","label":"State Succession and State Responsibility","description":"Delegations considered whether and how responsibility for internationally wrongful acts carries over following State succession, noting limited, diverse, and context-specific State practice. 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thank you for your attention.","start":7424.27,"end":7425.95,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":7424.27,"end":7424.35},{"text":"thank","start":7424.35,"end":7424.67},{"text":"you","start":7424.67,"end":7424.83},{"text":"for","start":7424.83,"end":7425.07},{"text":"your","start":7425.07,"end":7425.23},{"text":"attention.","start":7425.23,"end":7425.95}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"HRV","group":null,"function":null,"affiliation_full":"Croatia"}},{"statement_number":36,"start":7432.65,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c6/81/34?lang=en&t=2:03:53","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I wish to thank the distinguished representative of Croatia for her statement, and now I would like to pass the floor to the distinguished representative of 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have the floor, please.","start":7441.45,"end":7442.49,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"You","start":7441.45,"end":7441.57},{"text":"have","start":7441.57,"end":7441.69},{"text":"the","start":7441.69,"end":7441.81},{"text":"floor,","start":7441.81,"end":7442.09},{"text":"please.","start":7442.09,"end":7442.49}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"6th Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair","affiliation_full":"6th Committee"}},{"statement_number":37,"start":7446.65,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c6/81/34?lang=en&t=2:04:07","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Mr. Chair.","start":7446.65,"end":7447.53,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":7446.65,"end":7446.89},{"text":"you,","start":7446.89,"end":7446.97},{"text":"Mr.","start":7446.97,"end":7447.25},{"text":"Chair.","start":7447.25,"end":7447.53}]},{"text":"I begin by addressing Chapter 6. on the topic Subsidiary Means for the Determination of Rules of International Law.","start":7448.33,"end":7454.59,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":7448.33,"end":7448.41},{"text":"begin","start":7448.41,"end":7448.73},{"text":"by","start":7448.73,"end":7448.89},{"text":"addressing","start":7448.89,"end":7449.37},{"text":"Chapter","start":7449.37,"end":7449.69},{"text":"6.","start":7449.69,"end":7450.25},{"text":"on","start":7450.63,"end":7450.75},{"text":"the","start":7450.75,"end":7450.83},{"text":"topic","start":7450.83,"end":7451.19},{"text":"Subsidiary","start":7451.19,"end":7451.75},{"text":"Means","start":7451.75,"end":7452.11},{"text":"for","start":7452.11,"end":7452.23},{"text":"the","start":7452.23,"end":7452.31},{"text":"Determination","start":7452.31,"end":7453.11},{"text":"of","start":7453.11,"end":7453.19},{"text":"Rules","start":7453.19,"end":7453.59},{"text":"of","start":7453.59,"end":7453.71},{"text":"International","start":7453.71,"end":7454.51},{"text":"Law.","start":7454.51,"end":7454.59}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"My delegation wishes to extend our.","start":7455.43,"end":7457.15,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"My","start":7455.43,"end":7455.59},{"text":"delegation","start":7455.59,"end":7456.15},{"text":"wishes","start":7456.15,"end":7456.51},{"text":"to","start":7456.51,"end":7456.59},{"text":"extend","start":7456.59,"end":7457.07},{"text":"our.","start":7457.07,"end":7457.15}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"Appreciation to the Commission and Special Rapporteur Professor Charles Charlot for their work on this topic.","start":7457.15,"end":7462.87,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. 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Discussion focused on assessing their weight, maintaining representativeness, distinguishing legal analysis from political positions, and avoiding a system of binding judicial precedent."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":7529.19,"end":7529.59},{"text":"adjustment","start":7529.59,"end":7530.15},{"text":"would","start":7530.15,"end":7530.31},{"text":"make","start":7530.31,"end":7530.47},{"text":"it","start":7530.47,"end":7530.55},{"text":"clearer","start":7530.55,"end":7531.11},{"text":"that","start":7531.11,"end":7531.27},{"text":"the","start":7531.27,"end":7531.35},{"text":"criteria","start":7531.35,"end":7531.99},{"text":"listed.","start":7531.99,"end":7532.39}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"In those draft conclusions are illustrative and non-mandatory, thereby giving effect to the intention expressed in the commentaries.","start":7532.39,"end":7539.67,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. 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regard to chapter VII, on the topic Settlement of disputes to which international organizations are parties, my delegation congratulates the Commission on the successful.","start":7647.03,"end":7657.75,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"With","start":7647.03,"end":7647.19},{"text":"regard","start":7647.19,"end":7647.47},{"text":"to","start":7647.47,"end":7647.67},{"text":"chapter","start":7647.67,"end":7648.39},{"text":"VII,","start":7648.39,"end":7648.55},{"text":"on","start":7648.55,"end":7648.63},{"text":"the","start":7648.63,"end":7648.71},{"text":"topic","start":7648.71,"end":7649.11},{"text":"Settlement","start":7649.11,"end":7649.59},{"text":"of","start":7649.59,"end":7649.67},{"text":"disputes","start":7649.67,"end":7650.23},{"text":"to","start":7650.23,"end":7650.39},{"text":"which","start":7650.39,"end":7650.63},{"text":"international","start":7650.63,"end":7651.19},{"text":"organizations","start":7651.19,"end":7652.07},{"text":"are","start":7652.07,"end":7652.23},{"text":"parties,","start":7652.23,"end":7652.87},{"text":"my","start":7653.43,"end":7653.59},{"text":"delegation","start":7653.59,"end":7654.23},{"text":"congratulates","start":7654.23,"end":7655.11},{"text":"the","start":7655.27,"end":7655.43},{"text":"Commission","start":7655.43,"end":7656.23},{"text":"on","start":7656.87,"end":7657.11},{"text":"the","start":7657.11,"end":7657.19},{"text":"successful.","start":7657.19,"end":7657.75}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"Conclusion of the first reading.","start":7657.75,"end":7659.03,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Conclusion","start":7657.75,"end":7658.23},{"text":"of","start":7658.23,"end":7658.31},{"text":"the","start":7658.31,"end":7658.39},{"text":"first","start":7658.39,"end":7658.79},{"text":"reading.","start":7658.79,"end":7659.03}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"Of the draft guidelines on this topic, noting the adoption of guidelines 1 to 12 and the commentaries 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relationships into which they may enter.","start":7692.39,"end":7694.79,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Legal","start":7692.39,"end":7692.71},{"text":"relationships","start":7692.71,"end":7693.43},{"text":"into","start":7693.43,"end":7693.71},{"text":"which","start":7693.71,"end":7694.07},{"text":"they","start":7694.07,"end":7694.23},{"text":"may","start":7694.23,"end":7694.39},{"text":"enter.","start":7694.39,"end":7694.79}]},{"text":"My delegation notes with appreciation the Commission’s.","start":7696.55,"end":7699.83,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"My","start":7696.55,"end":7696.71},{"text":"delegation","start":7697.43,"end":7698.03},{"text":"notes","start":7698.03,"end":7698.31},{"text":"with","start":7698.31,"end":7698.47},{"text":"appreciation","start":7698.47,"end":7699.27},{"text":"the","start":7699.27,"end":7699.35},{"text":"Commission’s.","start":7699.35,"end":7699.83}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"Call for written comments and observations from Governments, and will study the 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stands ready to continue our engagement with the Commission on its work on this topic.","start":7712.47,"end":7717.11,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Singapore","start":7712.47,"end":7712.95},{"text":"stands","start":7712.95,"end":7713.35},{"text":"ready","start":7713.35,"end":7713.59},{"text":"to","start":7713.59,"end":7713.71},{"text":"continue","start":7713.71,"end":7714.15},{"text":"our","start":7714.15,"end":7714.23},{"text":"engagement","start":7714.23,"end":7714.91},{"text":"with","start":7714.91,"end":7715.07},{"text":"the","start":7715.07,"end":7715.19},{"text":"Commission","start":7715.19,"end":7715.67},{"text":"on","start":7715.67,"end":7715.83},{"text":"its","start":7715.83,"end":7715.99},{"text":"work","start":7715.99,"end":7716.31},{"text":"on","start":7716.31,"end":7716.47},{"text":"this","start":7716.47,"end":7716.63},{"text":"topic.","start":7716.63,"end":7717.11}]},{"text":"Thank you, Mr. 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you have the floor.","start":7731.15,"end":7732.19,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Please,","start":7731.15,"end":7731.47},{"text":"you","start":7731.47,"end":7731.63},{"text":"have","start":7731.63,"end":7731.79},{"text":"the","start":7731.79,"end":7731.91},{"text":"floor.","start":7731.91,"end":7732.19}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"6th Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair","affiliation_full":"6th Committee"}},{"statement_number":39,"start":7737.23,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c6/81/34?lang=en&t=2:08:58","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Your Excellency, distinguished delegates, regarding the second cluster, Germany would like to address the topic of subsidiary means for the determination of rules of international 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welcomes the completion of the first reading of the draft conclusions on subsidiary means for the determination of rules of international law and would like to take this opportunity to thank the Special Rapporteur, Mr. Charles Jalloh, and the Commission for the work accomplished.","start":7749.55,"end":7768.35,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. Discussion focused on assessing their weight, maintaining representativeness, distinguishing legal analysis from political positions, and avoiding a system of binding judicial precedent."}],"words":[{"text":"Germany","start":7749.55,"end":7750.11},{"text":"welcomes","start":7750.11,"end":7750.75},{"text":"the","start":7750.79,"end":7750.91},{"text":"completion","start":7750.91,"end":7751.63},{"text":"of","start":7751.63,"end":7751.79},{"text":"the","start":7751.79,"end":7751.87},{"text":"first","start":7751.87,"end":7752.35},{"text":"reading","start":7752.35,"end":7752.83},{"text":"of","start":7752.83,"end":7752.99},{"text":"the","start":7752.99,"end":7753.07},{"text":"draft","start":7753.07,"end":7753.59},{"text":"conclusions","start":7753.59,"end":7754.51},{"text":"on","start":7754.87,"end":7755.07},{"text":"subsidiary","start":7755.07,"end":7755.79},{"text":"means","start":7755.79,"end":7756.27},{"text":"for","start":7756.27,"end":7756.43},{"text":"the","start":7756.43,"end":7756.59},{"text":"determination","start":7756.59,"end":7757.55},{"text":"of","start":7757.55,"end":7757.71},{"text":"rules","start":7757.71,"end":7758.07},{"text":"of","start":7758.07,"end":7758.19},{"text":"international","start":7758.19,"end":7759.27},{"text":"law","start":7759.27,"end":7759.35},{"text":"and","start":7759.63,"end":7759.83},{"text":"would","start":7759.83,"end":7759.95},{"text":"like","start":7759.95,"end":7760.27},{"text":"to","start":7760.27,"end":7760.43},{"text":"take","start":7760.47,"end":7760.67},{"text":"this","start":7760.67,"end":7760.91},{"text":"opportunity","start":7760.91,"end":7761.87},{"text":"to","start":7762.11,"end":7762.23},{"text":"thank","start":7762.27,"end":7762.59},{"text":"the","start":7762.59,"end":7762.71},{"text":"Special","start":7762.71,"end":7763.15},{"text":"Rapporteur,","start":7763.15,"end":7763.79},{"text":"Mr.","start":7763.79,"end":7764.19},{"text":"Charles","start":7764.19,"end":7764.59},{"text":"Jalloh,","start":7764.59,"end":7765.31},{"text":"and","start":7765.79,"end":7765.95},{"text":"the","start":7765.95,"end":7766.03},{"text":"Commission","start":7766.03,"end":7766.67},{"text":"for","start":7766.67,"end":7766.87},{"text":"the","start":7766.87,"end":7766.99},{"text":"work","start":7766.99,"end":7767.39},{"text":"accomplished.","start":7767.39,"end":7768.35}]},{"text":"Firstly, in Germany's opinion, the final structure consisting of five parts seems a convincing approach.","start":7768.87,"end":7776.31,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. Discussion focused on assessing their weight, maintaining representativeness, distinguishing legal analysis from political positions, and avoiding a system of binding judicial precedent."}],"words":[{"text":"Firstly,","start":7768.87,"end":7769.43},{"text":"in","start":7769.43,"end":7769.59},{"text":"Germany's","start":7769.59,"end":7770.15},{"text":"opinion,","start":7770.15,"end":7770.87},{"text":"the","start":7771.19,"end":7771.27},{"text":"final","start":7771.27,"end":7771.71},{"text":"structure","start":7771.71,"end":7772.39},{"text":"consisting","start":7772.39,"end":7773.11},{"text":"of","start":7773.11,"end":7773.23},{"text":"five","start":7773.23,"end":7773.59},{"text":"parts","start":7773.59,"end":7774.23},{"text":"seems","start":7774.47,"end":7774.87},{"text":"a","start":7774.87,"end":7774.95},{"text":"convincing","start":7774.95,"end":7775.67},{"text":"approach.","start":7775.67,"end":7776.31}]},{"text":"It follows a logical and coherent pattern from general to specific provisions and makes a clear distinction between the different categories of subsidiary means for the determination of rules of international law and the weight that should be attributed to them.","start":7776.71,"end":7793.51,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. Discussion focused on assessing their weight, maintaining representativeness, distinguishing legal analysis from political positions, and avoiding a system of binding judicial precedent."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":7776.71,"end":7776.87},{"text":"follows","start":7776.87,"end":7777.43},{"text":"a","start":7777.43,"end":7777.47},{"text":"logical","start":7777.47,"end":7778.11},{"text":"and","start":7778.15,"end":7778.31},{"text":"coherent","start":7778.31,"end":7778.95},{"text":"pattern","start":7778.95,"end":7779.43},{"text":"from","start":7779.43,"end":7779.75},{"text":"general","start":7779.75,"end":7780.15},{"text":"to","start":7780.15,"end":7780.43},{"text":"specific","start":7780.47,"end":7781.19},{"text":"provisions","start":7781.19,"end":7781.99},{"text":"and","start":7782.23,"end":7782.47},{"text":"makes","start":7782.47,"end":7782.71},{"text":"a","start":7782.71,"end":7782.75},{"text":"clear","start":7782.75,"end":7783.11},{"text":"distinction","start":7783.11,"end":7783.87},{"text":"between","start":7783.87,"end":7784.31},{"text":"the","start":7784.31,"end":7784.39},{"text":"different","start":7784.39,"end":7784.87},{"text":"categories","start":7784.87,"end":7785.67},{"text":"of","start":7785.99,"end":7786.11},{"text":"subsidiary","start":7786.11,"end":7786.87},{"text":"means","start":7786.87,"end":7787.35},{"text":"for","start":7787.35,"end":7787.51},{"text":"the","start":7787.51,"end":7787.59},{"text":"determination","start":7787.59,"end":7788.63},{"text":"of","start":7788.63,"end":7788.87},{"text":"rules","start":7788.87,"end":7789.27},{"text":"of","start":7789.27,"end":7789.43},{"text":"international","start":7789.43,"end":7790.35},{"text":"law","start":7790.35,"end":7790.43},{"text":"and","start":7790.79,"end":7791.03},{"text":"the","start":7791.03,"end":7791.15},{"text":"weight","start":7791.15,"end":7791.51},{"text":"that","start":7791.51,"end":7791.71},{"text":"should","start":7791.71,"end":7791.87},{"text":"be","start":7791.87,"end":7792.07},{"text":"attributed","start":7792.07,"end":7792.83},{"text":"to","start":7792.83,"end":7793.11},{"text":"them.","start":7793.11,"end":7793.51}]},{"text":"Secondly, Germany would like to renew a suggestion which we made in previous years together with several other delegations.","start":7794.67,"end":7802.83,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Secondly,","start":7794.67,"end":7795.31},{"text":"Germany","start":7795.31,"end":7795.87},{"text":"would","start":7795.95,"end":7796.19},{"text":"like","start":7796.19,"end":7796.43},{"text":"to","start":7796.43,"end":7796.59},{"text":"renew","start":7796.59,"end":7797.07},{"text":"a","start":7797.07,"end":7797.15},{"text":"suggestion","start":7797.15,"end":7798.11},{"text":"which","start":7798.35,"end":7798.63},{"text":"we","start":7798.63,"end":7798.75},{"text":"made","start":7798.75,"end":7798.99},{"text":"in","start":7798.99,"end":7799.15},{"text":"previous","start":7799.15,"end":7799.79},{"text":"years","start":7799.79,"end":7800.27},{"text":"together","start":7800.27,"end":7800.83},{"text":"with","start":7800.83,"end":7800.95},{"text":"several","start":7800.95,"end":7801.55},{"text":"other","start":7801.63,"end":7801.87},{"text":"delegations.","start":7801.87,"end":7802.83}]},{"text":"We note with appreciation that the commentary to draft conclusion 2 now explains why the term \"judicial decisions\" found in Article 38, paragraph 1(d) of the Statute of the International Court of Justice was broadened to \"decisions of courts and tribunals\", a point on which Germany sought clarification in 2023.","start":7803.39,"end":7827.63,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. Discussion focused on assessing their weight, maintaining representativeness, distinguishing legal analysis from political positions, and avoiding a system of binding judicial precedent."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":7803.39,"end":7803.59},{"text":"note","start":7803.59,"end":7803.95},{"text":"with","start":7803.95,"end":7804.15},{"text":"appreciation","start":7804.15,"end":7805.31},{"text":"that","start":7805.55,"end":7805.71},{"text":"the","start":7805.71,"end":7805.79},{"text":"commentary","start":7805.79,"end":7806.51},{"text":"to","start":7806.51,"end":7806.71},{"text":"draft","start":7806.71,"end":7807.07},{"text":"conclusion","start":7807.07,"end":7807.71},{"text":"2","start":7807.71,"end":7808.11},{"text":"now","start":7808.35,"end":7808.51},{"text":"explains","start":7808.59,"end":7809.39},{"text":"why","start":7809.39,"end":7809.55},{"text":"the","start":7809.55,"end":7809.67},{"text":"term","start":7809.67,"end":7810.03},{"text":"\"judicial","start":7810.03,"end":7810.83},{"text":"decisions\"","start":7810.91,"end":7811.63},{"text":"found","start":7811.63,"end":7811.95},{"text":"in","start":7811.95,"end":7812.11},{"text":"Article","start":7812.11,"end":7812.79},{"text":"38,","start":7812.79,"end":7813.39},{"text":"paragraph","start":7813.71,"end":7814.35},{"text":"1(d)","start":7814.35,"end":7814.99},{"text":"of","start":7815.07,"end":7815.31},{"text":"the","start":7815.31,"end":7815.39},{"text":"Statute","start":7815.39,"end":7816.11},{"text":"of","start":7816.11,"end":7816.23},{"text":"the","start":7816.23,"end":7816.31},{"text":"International","start":7816.31,"end":7816.99},{"text":"Court","start":7817.27,"end":7817.63},{"text":"of","start":7817.63,"end":7817.79},{"text":"Justice","start":7817.79,"end":7818.43},{"text":"was","start":7818.79,"end":7818.99},{"text":"broadened","start":7819.03,"end":7819.63},{"text":"to","start":7819.63,"end":7819.79},{"text":"\"decisions","start":7819.79,"end":7820.59},{"text":"of","start":7820.59,"end":7820.75},{"text":"courts","start":7820.75,"end":7821.27},{"text":"and","start":7821.27,"end":7821.43},{"text":"tribunals\",","start":7821.43,"end":7822.35},{"text":"a","start":7822.83,"end":7822.87},{"text":"point","start":7822.87,"end":7823.27},{"text":"on","start":7823.27,"end":7823.39},{"text":"which","start":7823.39,"end":7823.71},{"text":"Germany","start":7823.71,"end":7824.27},{"text":"sought","start":7824.27,"end":7824.55},{"text":"clarification","start":7824.83,"end":7825.87},{"text":"in","start":7825.87,"end":7826.03},{"text":"2023.","start":7826.03,"end":7827.63}]},{"text":"The draft conclusions use the composite term \"courts and tribunals\" throughout.","start":7828.27,"end":7833.79,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. Discussion focused on assessing their weight, maintaining representativeness, distinguishing legal analysis from political positions, and avoiding a system of binding judicial precedent."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":7828.27,"end":7828.43},{"text":"draft","start":7828.43,"end":7828.83},{"text":"conclusions","start":7828.83,"end":7829.71},{"text":"use","start":7829.71,"end":7830.03},{"text":"the","start":7830.03,"end":7830.11},{"text":"composite","start":7830.11,"end":7830.79},{"text":"term","start":7830.79,"end":7831.23},{"text":"\"courts","start":7831.55,"end":7832.03},{"text":"and","start":7832.03,"end":7832.19},{"text":"tribunals\"","start":7832.19,"end":7832.91},{"text":"throughout.","start":7832.99,"end":7833.79}]},{"text":"A brief indication in the commentaries as to whether any consequence attaches to the designation of a body as a court or as a tribunal would add further clarity.","start":7834.27,"end":7845.39,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. Discussion focused on assessing their weight, maintaining representativeness, distinguishing legal analysis from political positions, and avoiding a system of binding judicial precedent."}],"words":[{"text":"A","start":7834.27,"end":7834.31},{"text":"brief","start":7834.31,"end":7834.63},{"text":"indication","start":7834.63,"end":7835.47},{"text":"in","start":7835.47,"end":7835.55},{"text":"the","start":7835.55,"end":7835.71},{"text":"commentaries","start":7835.71,"end":7836.59},{"text":"as","start":7836.83,"end":7837.07},{"text":"to","start":7837.07,"end":7837.19},{"text":"whether","start":7837.19,"end":7837.59},{"text":"any","start":7837.59,"end":7837.79},{"text":"consequence","start":7837.79,"end":7838.59},{"text":"attaches","start":7838.59,"end":7839.31},{"text":"to","start":7839.31,"end":7839.43},{"text":"the","start":7839.43,"end":7839.59},{"text":"designation","start":7839.59,"end":7840.51},{"text":"of","start":7840.75,"end":7840.91},{"text":"a","start":7840.91,"end":7840.99},{"text":"body","start":7840.99,"end":7841.47},{"text":"as","start":7841.47,"end":7841.63},{"text":"a","start":7841.63,"end":7841.71},{"text":"court","start":7841.71,"end":7842.27},{"text":"or","start":7842.27,"end":7842.43},{"text":"as","start":7842.43,"end":7842.63},{"text":"a","start":7842.63,"end":7842.67},{"text":"tribunal","start":7842.67,"end":7843.47},{"text":"would","start":7843.71,"end":7843.95},{"text":"add","start":7843.95,"end":7844.11},{"text":"further","start":7844.11,"end":7844.59},{"text":"clarity.","start":7844.59,"end":7845.39}]},{"text":"Thirdly, Germany supports the decision to address expert bodies of a private and public character together in a single draft conclusion.","start":7846.03,"end":7855.07,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. 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subsidiary means for the determination of rules of international law, congratulating Special Rapporteur Charles Challot on his third report, which greatly helped to finalize the first reading of this topic at the Commission's session this year.","start":7973.51,"end":7992.55,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. 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Discussion focused on assessing their weight, maintaining representativeness, distinguishing legal analysis from political positions, and avoiding a system of binding judicial precedent."}],"words":[{"text":"Austria","start":7993.87,"end":7994.19},{"text":"considers","start":7994.19,"end":7994.83},{"text":"this","start":7994.83,"end":7995.23},{"text":"an","start":7995.23,"end":7995.31},{"text":"appropriate","start":7995.31,"end":7995.95},{"text":"opportunity","start":7995.95,"end":7996.67},{"text":"to","start":7996.67,"end":7996.83},{"text":"comment","start":7996.83,"end":7997.31},{"text":"on","start":7997.31,"end":7997.39},{"text":"a","start":7997.39,"end":7997.47},{"text":"number","start":7997.47,"end":7997.83},{"text":"of","start":7997.83,"end":7997.95},{"text":"issues","start":7997.95,"end":7998.51},{"text":"that","start":7998.91,"end":7999.07},{"text":"might","start":7999.07,"end":7999.39},{"text":"further","start":7999.39,"end":7999.79},{"text":"improve","start":7999.79,"end":8000.43},{"text":"the","start":8000.51,"end":8000.63},{"text":"current","start":8000.67,"end":8001.11},{"text":"text.","start":8001.11,"end":8001.55}]},{"text":"In regard to draft conclusion 4 on general criteria for the assessment of subsidiary means, we agree with the approach of the Commission that the criteria for the assessment of the weight of subsidiary means as listed are non-exhaustive only and do not express a hierarchy.","start":8002.91,"end":8021.71,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. Discussion focused on assessing their weight, maintaining representativeness, distinguishing legal analysis from political positions, and avoiding a system of binding judicial precedent."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":8002.91,"end":8003.07},{"text":"regard","start":8003.07,"end":8003.39},{"text":"to","start":8003.39,"end":8003.47},{"text":"draft","start":8003.47,"end":8003.83},{"text":"conclusion","start":8003.83,"end":8004.43},{"text":"4","start":8004.43,"end":8004.91},{"text":"on","start":8004.99,"end":8005.31},{"text":"general","start":8005.31,"end":8005.79},{"text":"criteria","start":8005.79,"end":8006.47},{"text":"for","start":8006.47,"end":8006.63},{"text":"the","start":8006.63,"end":8006.71},{"text":"assessment","start":8006.75,"end":8007.31},{"text":"of","start":8007.31,"end":8007.39},{"text":"subsidiary","start":8007.39,"end":8008.03},{"text":"means,","start":8008.03,"end":8008.51},{"text":"we","start":8009.15,"end":8009.31},{"text":"agree","start":8009.31,"end":8009.71},{"text":"with","start":8009.71,"end":8009.83},{"text":"the","start":8009.83,"end":8009.91},{"text":"approach","start":8009.91,"end":8010.51},{"text":"of","start":8010.51,"end":8010.67},{"text":"the","start":8010.67,"end":8010.79},{"text":"Commission","start":8010.83,"end":8011.39},{"text":"that","start":8011.39,"end":8011.55},{"text":"the","start":8011.55,"end":8011.63},{"text":"criteria","start":8011.63,"end":8012.35},{"text":"for","start":8012.35,"end":8012.59},{"text":"the","start":8012.59,"end":8012.71},{"text":"assessment","start":8012.71,"end":8013.31},{"text":"of","start":8013.31,"end":8013.47},{"text":"the","start":8013.47,"end":8013.55},{"text":"weight","start":8013.55,"end":8014.03},{"text":"of","start":8014.51,"end":8014.63},{"text":"subsidiary","start":8014.63,"end":8015.27},{"text":"means","start":8015.27,"end":8015.79},{"text":"as","start":8016.27,"end":8016.59},{"text":"listed","start":8016.59,"end":8017.15},{"text":"are","start":8017.35,"end":8017.47},{"text":"non-exhaustive","start":8017.47,"end":8018.75},{"text":"only","start":8018.75,"end":8019.23},{"text":"and","start":8019.59,"end":8019.75},{"text":"do","start":8019.75,"end":8019.87},{"text":"not","start":8019.87,"end":8020.27},{"text":"express","start":8020.31,"end":8020.91},{"text":"a","start":8020.99,"end":8021.07},{"text":"hierarchy.","start":8021.07,"end":8021.71}]},{"text":"Nevertheless, we wonder why the quality of the reasoning does not appear as the first and primary criterion.","start":8022.99,"end":8031.63,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. Discussion focused on assessing their weight, maintaining representativeness, distinguishing legal analysis from political positions, and avoiding a system of binding judicial precedent."}],"words":[{"text":"Nevertheless,","start":8022.99,"end":8023.87},{"text":"we","start":8024.03,"end":8024.27},{"text":"wonder","start":8024.27,"end":8024.67},{"text":"why","start":8024.67,"end":8024.99},{"text":"the","start":8024.99,"end":8025.19},{"text":"quality","start":8025.39,"end":8026.07},{"text":"of","start":8026.07,"end":8026.27},{"text":"the","start":8026.27,"end":8026.39},{"text":"reasoning","start":8026.39,"end":8027.15},{"text":"does","start":8027.59,"end":8027.79},{"text":"not","start":8027.79,"end":8028.03},{"text":"appear","start":8028.03,"end":8028.59},{"text":"as","start":8028.59,"end":8028.75},{"text":"the","start":8028.75,"end":8028.87},{"text":"first","start":8028.87,"end":8029.39},{"text":"and","start":8029.47,"end":8029.79},{"text":"primary","start":8029.95,"end":8030.67},{"text":"criterion.","start":8030.83,"end":8031.63}]},{"text":"As regards subparagraph (e), an explanation is missing in the commentary of what is meant by \"other entities\".","start":8033.07,"end":8040.99,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. Discussion focused on assessing their weight, maintaining representativeness, distinguishing legal analysis from political positions, and avoiding a system of binding judicial precedent."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":8033.07,"end":8033.31},{"text":"regards","start":8033.31,"end":8033.67},{"text":"subparagraph","start":8033.67,"end":8034.83},{"text":"(e),","start":8034.91,"end":8035.23},{"text":"an","start":8035.43,"end":8035.55},{"text":"explanation","start":8035.55,"end":8036.27},{"text":"is","start":8036.27,"end":8036.43},{"text":"missing","start":8036.43,"end":8036.75},{"text":"in","start":8036.75,"end":8036.83},{"text":"the","start":8036.83,"end":8036.95},{"text":"commentary","start":8036.95,"end":8037.71},{"text":"of","start":8038.15,"end":8038.31},{"text":"what","start":8038.31,"end":8038.51},{"text":"is","start":8038.51,"end":8038.67},{"text":"meant","start":8038.67,"end":8039.07},{"text":"by","start":8039.07,"end":8039.47},{"text":"\"other","start":8039.71,"end":8040.07},{"text":"entities\".","start":8040.19,"end":8040.99}]},{"text":"While we understand this expression to encompass international organizations as well as atypical subjects of international law, like the Holy See, the Sovereign Order of Malta, or the International Committee of the Red Cross, an explanation appears to be necessary.","start":8042.03,"end":8061.07,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. Discussion focused on assessing their weight, maintaining representativeness, distinguishing legal analysis from political positions, and avoiding a system of binding judicial precedent."}],"words":[{"text":"While","start":8042.03,"end":8042.35},{"text":"we","start":8042.35,"end":8042.51},{"text":"understand","start":8042.51,"end":8043.11},{"text":"this","start":8043.11,"end":8043.39},{"text":"expression","start":8043.39,"end":8044.11},{"text":"to","start":8044.11,"end":8044.23},{"text":"encompass","start":8044.27,"end":8045.07},{"text":"international","start":8045.07,"end":8045.71},{"text":"organizations","start":8045.71,"end":8046.75},{"text":"as","start":8047.23,"end":8047.39},{"text":"well","start":8047.39,"end":8047.71},{"text":"as","start":8047.71,"end":8048.03},{"text":"atypical","start":8048.19,"end":8049.07},{"text":"subjects","start":8049.07,"end":8049.67},{"text":"of","start":8049.67,"end":8049.79},{"text":"international","start":8049.79,"end":8050.75},{"text":"law,","start":8050.75,"end":8050.83},{"text":"like","start":8051.31,"end":8051.71},{"text":"the","start":8051.79,"end":8051.91},{"text":"Holy","start":8051.91,"end":8052.23},{"text":"See,","start":8052.23,"end":8052.67},{"text":"the","start":8052.67,"end":8052.83},{"text":"Sovereign","start":8052.83,"end":8053.39},{"text":"Order","start":8053.47,"end":8053.91},{"text":"of","start":8053.91,"end":8054.11},{"text":"Malta,","start":8054.11,"end":8054.67},{"text":"or","start":8055.15,"end":8055.39},{"text":"the","start":8055.39,"end":8055.47},{"text":"International","start":8055.47,"end":8056.11},{"text":"Committee","start":8056.11,"end":8056.55},{"text":"of","start":8056.55,"end":8056.67},{"text":"the","start":8056.67,"end":8056.75},{"text":"Red","start":8056.75,"end":8056.95},{"text":"Cross,","start":8056.95,"end":8057.47},{"text":"an","start":8057.99,"end":8058.11},{"text":"explanation","start":8058.11,"end":8058.99},{"text":"appears","start":8059.07,"end":8059.63},{"text":"to","start":8059.71,"end":8059.87},{"text":"be","start":8059.87,"end":8060.27},{"text":"necessary.","start":8060.39,"end":8061.07}]},{"text":"Concerning draft conclusion 5 on decisions of courts and tribunals, Austria reiterates its concern about differentiating between international and national courts in regard to their role as potential means for the determination of international law.","start":8062.51,"end":8080.75,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. Discussion focused on assessing their weight, maintaining representativeness, distinguishing legal analysis from political positions, and avoiding a system of binding judicial precedent."}],"words":[{"text":"Concerning","start":8062.51,"end":8062.99},{"text":"draft","start":8062.99,"end":8063.31},{"text":"conclusion","start":8063.31,"end":8063.87},{"text":"5","start":8063.87,"end":8064.35},{"text":"on","start":8064.35,"end":8064.59},{"text":"decisions","start":8064.59,"end":8065.35},{"text":"of","start":8065.35,"end":8065.47},{"text":"courts","start":8065.47,"end":8066.03},{"text":"and","start":8066.03,"end":8066.31},{"text":"tribunals,","start":8066.31,"end":8067.15},{"text":"Austria","start":8067.63,"end":8068.19},{"text":"reiterates","start":8068.19,"end":8069.23},{"text":"its","start":8069.23,"end":8069.39},{"text":"concern","start":8069.39,"end":8070.11},{"text":"about","start":8070.59,"end":8071.03},{"text":"differentiating","start":8071.03,"end":8072.03},{"text":"between","start":8072.03,"end":8072.51},{"text":"international","start":8072.51,"end":8073.31},{"text":"and","start":8073.31,"end":8073.63},{"text":"national","start":8073.71,"end":8074.23},{"text":"courts","start":8074.23,"end":8074.75},{"text":"in","start":8075.15,"end":8075.31},{"text":"regard","start":8075.31,"end":8075.71},{"text":"to","start":8075.71,"end":8075.83},{"text":"their","start":8075.83,"end":8076.07},{"text":"role","start":8076.07,"end":8076.43},{"text":"as","start":8076.43,"end":8076.67},{"text":"potential","start":8076.67,"end":8077.23},{"text":"means","start":8077.23,"end":8077.87},{"text":"for","start":8078.27,"end":8078.47},{"text":"the","start":8078.47,"end":8078.55},{"text":"determination","start":8078.55,"end":8079.55},{"text":"of","start":8079.71,"end":8079.95},{"text":"international","start":8079.95,"end":8080.63},{"text":"law.","start":8080.63,"end":8080.75}]},{"text":"The language introduced in draft conclusion 5, paragraph 2, clearly lessens the role of national court decisions, which are no longer considered to be subsidiary means, but apparently may only be used as subsidiary means in certain circumstances, which remain undefined.","start":8081.91,"end":8103.35,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. 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Discussion focused on assessing their weight, maintaining representativeness, distinguishing legal analysis from political positions, and avoiding a system of binding judicial precedent."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":8104.79,"end":8104.91},{"text":"traditional","start":8104.91,"end":8105.47},{"text":"understanding","start":8105.47,"end":8106.15},{"text":"of","start":8106.15,"end":8106.31},{"text":"judicial","start":8106.31,"end":8106.79},{"text":"decisions","start":8106.79,"end":8107.59},{"text":"as","start":8107.59,"end":8107.67},{"text":"subsidiary","start":8107.67,"end":8108.35},{"text":"means","start":8108.35,"end":8108.95},{"text":"appears","start":8109.43,"end":8109.83},{"text":"to","start":8109.83,"end":8109.99},{"text":"be","start":8109.99,"end":8110.31},{"text":"that","start":8110.31,"end":8110.63},{"text":"both","start":8110.63,"end":8111.11},{"text":"international","start":8111.11,"end":8111.91},{"text":"and","start":8111.99,"end":8112.35},{"text":"national","start":8112.35,"end":8112.79},{"text":"judgments","start":8112.79,"end":8113.51},{"text":"are","start":8113.99,"end":8114.31},{"text":"of","start":8114.31,"end":8114.63},{"text":"equal","start":8114.71,"end":8115.11},{"text":"rank,","start":8115.11,"end":8115.67},{"text":"and","start":8116.23,"end":8116.43},{"text":"that","start":8116.43,"end":8116.55},{"text":"the","start":8116.55,"end":8116.63},{"text":"criteria","start":8116.63,"end":8117.35},{"text":"mentioned","start":8117.35,"end":8117.91},{"text":"in","start":8117.91,"end":8118.07},{"text":"draft","start":8118.07,"end":8118.35},{"text":"conclusion","start":8118.35,"end":8118.95},{"text":"4","start":8118.95,"end":8119.35},{"text":"would","start":8119.75,"end":8119.99},{"text":"be","start":8119.99,"end":8120.07},{"text":"the","start":8120.07,"end":8120.19},{"text":"main","start":8120.19,"end":8120.63},{"text":"yardstick","start":8120.63,"end":8121.43},{"text":"for","start":8121.51,"end":8121.99},{"text":"assessing","start":8122.07,"end":8122.79},{"text":"their","start":8122.95,"end":8123.19},{"text":"weight.","start":8123.19,"end":8123.67}]},{"text":"There does not appear to be any principled reason for not regarding decisions of national courts generally as subsidiary means for the determination of the existence and content of rules of international law.","start":8124.55,"end":8140.39,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. Discussion focused on assessing their weight, maintaining representativeness, distinguishing legal analysis from political positions, and avoiding a system of binding judicial precedent."}],"words":[{"text":"There","start":8124.55,"end":8124.71},{"text":"does","start":8124.71,"end":8124.87},{"text":"not","start":8124.87,"end":8125.11},{"text":"appear","start":8125.11,"end":8125.43},{"text":"to","start":8125.43,"end":8125.51},{"text":"be","start":8125.51,"end":8125.83},{"text":"any","start":8125.91,"end":8126.23},{"text":"principled","start":8126.23,"end":8127.03},{"text":"reason","start":8127.11,"end":8127.83},{"text":"for","start":8127.83,"end":8127.99},{"text":"not","start":8127.99,"end":8128.23},{"text":"regarding","start":8128.23,"end":8128.79},{"text":"decisions","start":8128.79,"end":8129.55},{"text":"of","start":8129.55,"end":8129.75},{"text":"national","start":8129.75,"end":8130.15},{"text":"courts","start":8130.15,"end":8130.71},{"text":"generally","start":8131.27,"end":8132.07},{"text":"as","start":8132.15,"end":8132.35},{"text":"subsidiary","start":8132.35,"end":8133.27},{"text":"means","start":8133.27,"end":8133.83},{"text":"for","start":8134.23,"end":8134.39},{"text":"the","start":8134.39,"end":8134.47},{"text":"determination","start":8134.47,"end":8135.51},{"text":"of","start":8135.51,"end":8135.75},{"text":"the","start":8135.75,"end":8135.83},{"text":"existence","start":8135.83,"end":8136.79},{"text":"and","start":8137.23,"end":8137.55},{"text":"content","start":8137.55,"end":8138.35},{"text":"of","start":8138.35,"end":8138.83},{"text":"rules","start":8138.99,"end":8139.39},{"text":"of","start":8139.39,"end":8139.47},{"text":"international","start":8139.47,"end":8140.19},{"text":"law.","start":8140.27,"end":8140.39}]},{"text":"This understanding also reflects the wording of Article 38, paragraph one, literal d, which does not distinguish between international and national judicial decisions.","start":8140.99,"end":8152.67,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. Discussion focused on assessing their weight, maintaining representativeness, distinguishing legal analysis from political positions, and avoiding a system of binding judicial precedent."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":8140.99,"end":8141.23},{"text":"understanding","start":8141.23,"end":8141.95},{"text":"also","start":8141.95,"end":8142.19},{"text":"reflects","start":8142.19,"end":8142.83},{"text":"the","start":8142.83,"end":8142.91},{"text":"wording","start":8142.91,"end":8143.35},{"text":"of","start":8143.35,"end":8143.47},{"text":"Article","start":8143.47,"end":8143.87},{"text":"38,","start":8144.03,"end":8144.67},{"text":"paragraph","start":8144.67,"end":8145.23},{"text":"one,","start":8145.23,"end":8145.47},{"text":"literal","start":8145.47,"end":8145.91},{"text":"d,","start":8145.91,"end":8146.27},{"text":"which","start":8146.75,"end":8147.07},{"text":"does","start":8147.07,"end":8147.31},{"text":"not","start":8147.31,"end":8147.51},{"text":"distinguish","start":8147.51,"end":8148.11},{"text":"between","start":8148.11,"end":8148.67},{"text":"international","start":8148.67,"end":8149.63},{"text":"and","start":8150.03,"end":8150.43},{"text":"national","start":8150.59,"end":8151.15},{"text":"judicial","start":8151.15,"end":8151.71},{"text":"decisions.","start":8151.91,"end":8152.67}]},{"text":"We recognize that such differentiated treatment of national court decisions as opposed to decisions of international courts corresponds to similar approaches of the Commission in other recent texts such as the Draft Conclusions on the Identification of Customary International Law and the Draft Conclusions on Identification and Legal Consequences of Peremptory Norms of International Law (jus cogens), as also mentioned in paragraph 18 of the commentary to the draft conclusion 5.","start":8154.03,"end":8187.35,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. Discussion focused on assessing their weight, maintaining representativeness, distinguishing legal analysis from political positions, and avoiding a system of binding judicial precedent."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":8154.03,"end":8154.27},{"text":"recognize","start":8154.27,"end":8154.91},{"text":"that","start":8154.91,"end":8155.07},{"text":"such","start":8155.07,"end":8155.47},{"text":"differentiated","start":8155.63,"end":8156.59},{"text":"treatment","start":8156.59,"end":8157.19},{"text":"of","start":8157.19,"end":8157.39},{"text":"national","start":8157.39,"end":8157.71},{"text":"court","start":8157.71,"end":8157.99},{"text":"decisions","start":8157.99,"end":8158.75},{"text":"as","start":8159.31,"end":8159.47},{"text":"opposed","start":8159.47,"end":8159.91},{"text":"to","start":8159.91,"end":8159.99},{"text":"decisions","start":8159.99,"end":8160.55},{"text":"of","start":8160.55,"end":8160.67},{"text":"international","start":8160.67,"end":8161.39},{"text":"courts","start":8161.39,"end":8162.03},{"text":"corresponds","start":8162.59,"end":8163.31},{"text":"to","start":8163.31,"end":8163.43},{"text":"similar","start":8163.43,"end":8163.99},{"text":"approaches","start":8163.99,"end":8164.51},{"text":"of","start":8164.51,"end":8164.59},{"text":"the","start":8164.59,"end":8164.75},{"text":"Commission","start":8164.75,"end":8165.23},{"text":"in","start":8165.23,"end":8165.39},{"text":"other","start":8165.39,"end":8165.63},{"text":"recent","start":8165.63,"end":8166.15},{"text":"texts","start":8166.15,"end":8166.67},{"text":"such","start":8166.95,"end":8167.35},{"text":"as","start":8167.35,"end":8167.51},{"text":"the","start":8167.51,"end":8167.63},{"text":"Draft","start":8167.83,"end":8168.19},{"text":"Conclusions","start":8168.19,"end":8169.11},{"text":"on","start":8169.51,"end":8169.67},{"text":"the","start":8169.67,"end":8169.79},{"text":"Identification","start":8169.83,"end":8170.67},{"text":"of","start":8170.67,"end":8170.79},{"text":"Customary","start":8170.79,"end":8171.43},{"text":"International","start":8171.43,"end":8172.35},{"text":"Law","start":8172.35,"end":8172.43},{"text":"and","start":8172.95,"end":8173.27},{"text":"the","start":8173.43,"end":8173.63},{"text":"Draft","start":8173.83,"end":8174.23},{"text":"Conclusions","start":8174.23,"end":8174.95},{"text":"on","start":8174.95,"end":8175.11},{"text":"Identification","start":8175.11,"end":8176.07},{"text":"and","start":8176.07,"end":8176.19},{"text":"Legal","start":8176.19,"end":8176.47},{"text":"Consequences","start":8176.47,"end":8177.43},{"text":"of","start":8177.91,"end":8178.15},{"text":"Peremptory","start":8178.15,"end":8178.75},{"text":"Norms","start":8178.75,"end":8179.15},{"text":"of","start":8179.15,"end":8179.27},{"text":"International","start":8179.27,"end":8180.19},{"text":"Law","start":8180.19,"end":8180.27},{"text":"(jus","start":8180.47,"end":8180.63},{"text":"cogens),","start":8180.63,"end":8181.35},{"text":"as","start":8181.67,"end":8181.99},{"text":"also","start":8181.99,"end":8182.31},{"text":"mentioned","start":8182.31,"end":8182.79},{"text":"in","start":8182.79,"end":8182.87},{"text":"paragraph","start":8182.87,"end":8183.35},{"text":"18","start":8183.35,"end":8183.83},{"text":"of","start":8184.31,"end":8184.55},{"text":"the","start":8184.55,"end":8184.67},{"text":"commentary","start":8184.79,"end":8185.47},{"text":"to","start":8185.47,"end":8185.67},{"text":"the","start":8185.67,"end":8185.75},{"text":"draft","start":8185.75,"end":8186.07},{"text":"conclusion","start":8186.07,"end":8186.79},{"text":"5.","start":8186.87,"end":8187.35}]},{"text":"Nevertheless, we do not share the ILC's approach as expressed in paragraphs 19 and 20 of the commentary to draft conclusion 5, according to which only decisions of international courts and tribunals would be an authoritative means for identifying the existence of and determining the scope and content of rules of international law.","start":8188.79,"end":8213.95,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. Discussion focused on assessing their weight, maintaining representativeness, distinguishing legal analysis from political positions, and avoiding a system of binding judicial precedent."}],"words":[{"text":"Nevertheless,","start":8188.79,"end":8189.43},{"text":"we","start":8189.43,"end":8189.51},{"text":"do","start":8189.51,"end":8189.75},{"text":"not","start":8189.75,"end":8189.95},{"text":"share","start":8189.95,"end":8190.31},{"text":"the","start":8190.31,"end":8190.43},{"text":"ILC's","start":8190.43,"end":8191.19},{"text":"approach","start":8191.19,"end":8191.83},{"text":"as","start":8191.83,"end":8191.95},{"text":"expressed","start":8191.95,"end":8192.55},{"text":"in","start":8192.55,"end":8192.79},{"text":"paragraphs","start":8192.79,"end":8193.59},{"text":"19","start":8193.75,"end":8194.39},{"text":"and","start":8194.39,"end":8194.59},{"text":"20","start":8194.59,"end":8195.27},{"text":"of","start":8195.83,"end":8195.99},{"text":"the","start":8195.99,"end":8196.15},{"text":"commentary","start":8196.15,"end":8196.79},{"text":"to","start":8196.79,"end":8197.03},{"text":"draft","start":8197.03,"end":8197.35},{"text":"conclusion","start":8197.35,"end":8197.91},{"text":"5,","start":8197.91,"end":8198.47},{"text":"according","start":8199.03,"end":8199.59},{"text":"to","start":8199.59,"end":8199.71},{"text":"which","start":8199.71,"end":8200.07},{"text":"only","start":8200.15,"end":8200.47},{"text":"decisions","start":8200.47,"end":8201.11},{"text":"of","start":8201.11,"end":8201.19},{"text":"international","start":8201.19,"end":8201.83},{"text":"courts","start":8201.83,"end":8202.19},{"text":"and","start":8202.19,"end":8202.35},{"text":"tribunals","start":8202.35,"end":8203.11},{"text":"would","start":8203.51,"end":8203.91},{"text":"be","start":8203.91,"end":8204.27},{"text":"an","start":8204.27,"end":8204.63},{"text":"authoritative","start":8204.63,"end":8205.67},{"text":"means","start":8205.75,"end":8206.31},{"text":"for","start":8206.31,"end":8206.47},{"text":"identifying","start":8206.47,"end":8207.35},{"text":"the","start":8207.75,"end":8207.83},{"text":"existence","start":8207.83,"end":8208.71},{"text":"of","start":8208.71,"end":8209.03},{"text":"and","start":8209.03,"end":8209.35},{"text":"determining","start":8209.51,"end":8210.23},{"text":"the","start":8210.23,"end":8210.31},{"text":"scope","start":8210.31,"end":8210.71},{"text":"and","start":8210.71,"end":8210.87},{"text":"content","start":8210.87,"end":8211.43},{"text":"of","start":8211.87,"end":8212.07},{"text":"rules","start":8212.07,"end":8212.55},{"text":"of","start":8212.55,"end":8212.87},{"text":"international","start":8212.95,"end":8213.87},{"text":"law.","start":8213.87,"end":8213.95}]},{"text":"Because they are typically composed of benches that are reflective of the various legal systems and regions of the world, whereas national courts sometimes lack international law expertise.","start":8215.03,"end":8228.23,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. Discussion focused on assessing their weight, maintaining representativeness, distinguishing legal analysis from political positions, and avoiding a system of binding judicial precedent."}],"words":[{"text":"Because","start":8215.03,"end":8215.39},{"text":"they","start":8215.39,"end":8215.55},{"text":"are","start":8215.55,"end":8215.63},{"text":"typically","start":8215.63,"end":8216.39},{"text":"composed","start":8216.39,"end":8217.03},{"text":"of","start":8217.03,"end":8217.27},{"text":"benches","start":8217.27,"end":8217.99},{"text":"that","start":8218.55,"end":8218.71},{"text":"are","start":8218.71,"end":8218.99},{"text":"reflective","start":8218.99,"end":8219.67},{"text":"of","start":8219.67,"end":8219.75},{"text":"the","start":8219.75,"end":8219.91},{"text":"various","start":8219.91,"end":8220.39},{"text":"legal","start":8220.39,"end":8220.71},{"text":"systems","start":8220.71,"end":8221.27},{"text":"and","start":8221.27,"end":8221.39},{"text":"regions","start":8221.39,"end":8221.79},{"text":"of","start":8221.79,"end":8221.91},{"text":"the","start":8221.91,"end":8222.03},{"text":"world,","start":8222.03,"end":8222.39},{"text":"whereas","start":8223.23,"end":8223.75},{"text":"national","start":8223.75,"end":8224.23},{"text":"courts","start":8224.23,"end":8224.71},{"text":"sometimes","start":8224.87,"end":8225.75},{"text":"lack","start":8225.83,"end":8226.31},{"text":"international","start":8226.31,"end":8227.27},{"text":"law","start":8227.27,"end":8227.35},{"text":"expertise.","start":8227.43,"end":8228.23}]},{"text":"In our view, the criteria of representativeness, expertise of those involved, and quality of the reasoning are rightly mentioned in draft conclusion 4 and applied to both to international and national court decisions.","start":8229.51,"end":8246.23,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. Discussion focused on assessing their weight, maintaining representativeness, distinguishing legal analysis from political positions, and avoiding a system of binding judicial precedent."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":8229.51,"end":8229.67},{"text":"our","start":8229.67,"end":8229.91},{"text":"view,","start":8229.91,"end":8230.23},{"text":"the","start":8230.23,"end":8230.39},{"text":"criteria","start":8230.39,"end":8231.07},{"text":"of","start":8231.07,"end":8231.19},{"text":"representativeness,","start":8231.19,"end":8232.47},{"text":"expertise","start":8232.87,"end":8233.91},{"text":"of","start":8234.19,"end":8234.39},{"text":"those","start":8234.39,"end":8234.71},{"text":"involved,","start":8234.71,"end":8235.35},{"text":"and","start":8235.75,"end":8236.07},{"text":"quality","start":8236.07,"end":8236.67},{"text":"of","start":8236.67,"end":8236.79},{"text":"the","start":8236.79,"end":8236.87},{"text":"reasoning","start":8236.87,"end":8237.59},{"text":"are","start":8237.91,"end":8238.11},{"text":"rightly","start":8238.11,"end":8238.39},{"text":"mentioned","start":8238.39,"end":8239.11},{"text":"in","start":8239.11,"end":8239.35},{"text":"draft","start":8239.35,"end":8239.71},{"text":"conclusion","start":8239.71,"end":8240.31},{"text":"4","start":8240.31,"end":8240.79},{"text":"and","start":8241.19,"end":8241.55},{"text":"applied","start":8241.55,"end":8242.03},{"text":"to","start":8242.03,"end":8242.15},{"text":"both","start":8242.15,"end":8242.55},{"text":"to","start":8242.55,"end":8242.75},{"text":"international","start":8242.75,"end":8243.59},{"text":"and","start":8243.59,"end":8243.99},{"text":"national","start":8244.31,"end":8244.95},{"text":"court","start":8245.11,"end":8245.47},{"text":"decisions.","start":8245.47,"end":8246.23}]},{"text":"However, there is no justification for pre-judging the weight of national court decisions by according them only secondary rank, as currently expressed in draft conclusion 5, paragraph 2.","start":8247.27,"end":8261.31,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. 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would have further comments on draft conclusions 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12 and 13, but I will skip them for the sake of time, and let me permit to continue to the topic settlement of disputes to which international organizations are parties, and congratulate Special Rapporteur August Reinisch on the adoption of the draft guidelines and commentary on first reading by the 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Special Rapporteurs thorough and efficient work has led to a comprehensive result in a relatively short period of 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commentary provides a wealth of references to practice, international and domestic jurisprudence, and discussion of the relevant literature in the field that is very 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as a host state for numerous international organizations, where disputes are unfortunately not uncommon, has a particular interest in this topic, and we are very pleased with the outcome.","start":8317.85,"end":8332.13,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Austria,","start":8317.85,"end":8318.49},{"text":"as","start":8318.65,"end":8319.05},{"text":"a","start":8319.21,"end":8319.25},{"text":"host","start":8319.25,"end":8319.77},{"text":"state","start":8319.81,"end":8320.25},{"text":"for","start":8320.25,"end":8320.37},{"text":"numerous","start":8320.37,"end":8320.89},{"text":"international","start":8320.89,"end":8321.53},{"text":"organizations,","start":8321.53,"end":8322.65},{"text":"where","start":8323.05,"end":8323.33},{"text":"disputes","start":8323.33,"end":8324.01},{"text":"are","start":8324.01,"end":8324.49},{"text":"unfortunately","start":8324.73,"end":8325.45},{"text":"not","start":8325.45,"end":8325.69},{"text":"uncommon,","start":8325.69,"end":8326.33},{"text":"has","start":8326.69,"end":8326.85},{"text":"a","start":8326.85,"end":8326.93},{"text":"particular","start":8326.93,"end":8327.49},{"text":"interest","start":8327.49,"end":8328.13},{"text":"in","start":8328.13,"end":8328.45},{"text":"this","start":8328.45,"end":8328.77},{"text":"topic,","start":8328.77,"end":8329.33},{"text":"and","start":8329.69,"end":8329.81},{"text":"we","start":8329.81,"end":8329.97},{"text":"are","start":8329.97,"end":8330.05},{"text":"very","start":8330.05,"end":8330.29},{"text":"pleased","start":8330.29,"end":8330.81},{"text":"with","start":8331.01,"end":8331.29},{"text":"the","start":8331.53,"end":8331.61},{"text":"outcome.","start":8331.61,"end":8332.13}]},{"text":"In the following, we will provide our comments on the draft guidelines of Part III on disputes between international organizations and private parties, as these were considered by the Commission for the first time at this year's session.","start":8333.41,"end":8346.65,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":8333.41,"end":8333.49},{"text":"the","start":8333.49,"end":8333.61},{"text":"following,","start":8333.61,"end":8334.05},{"text":"we","start":8334.05,"end":8334.21},{"text":"will","start":8334.21,"end":8334.37},{"text":"provide","start":8334.37,"end":8334.85},{"text":"our","start":8334.85,"end":8335.01},{"text":"comments","start":8335.01,"end":8335.57},{"text":"on","start":8335.57,"end":8335.73},{"text":"the","start":8335.73,"end":8335.85},{"text":"draft","start":8335.97,"end":8336.45},{"text":"guidelines","start":8336.45,"end":8337.25},{"text":"of","start":8337.81,"end":8338.05},{"text":"Part","start":8338.05,"end":8338.45},{"text":"III","start":8338.45,"end":8339.09},{"text":"on","start":8339.09,"end":8339.29},{"text":"disputes","start":8339.29,"end":8339.85},{"text":"between","start":8339.85,"end":8340.25},{"text":"international","start":8340.25,"end":8340.85},{"text":"organizations","start":8340.85,"end":8341.61},{"text":"and","start":8341.61,"end":8341.73},{"text":"private","start":8341.73,"end":8342.09},{"text":"parties,","start":8342.09,"end":8342.69},{"text":"as","start":8343.09,"end":8343.25},{"text":"these","start":8343.25,"end":8343.57},{"text":"were","start":8343.57,"end":8343.73},{"text":"considered","start":8343.73,"end":8344.25},{"text":"by","start":8344.25,"end":8344.33},{"text":"the","start":8344.33,"end":8344.45},{"text":"Commission","start":8344.45,"end":8344.89},{"text":"for","start":8344.89,"end":8345.01},{"text":"the","start":8345.01,"end":8345.09},{"text":"first","start":8345.09,"end":8345.49},{"text":"time","start":8345.49,"end":8345.73},{"text":"at","start":8345.73,"end":8345.81},{"text":"this","start":8345.81,"end":8346.01},{"text":"year's","start":8346.01,"end":8346.29},{"text":"session.","start":8346.29,"end":8346.65}]},{"text":"We note that there was some discussion in the drafting committee on reference to spirit of cooperation in draft guideline 8 on resort to means of dispute settlement.","start":8347.53,"end":8357.93,"topics":[{"key":"international-organization-disputes","label":"Dispute Settlement Involving International Organizations","description":"Speakers discussed guidelines for resolving disputes involving international organizations, States, and private parties, particularly the relationship between organizational immunity and effective access to justice. They considered the choice of judicial and alternative settlement mechanisms, party autonomy, power imbalances, and safeguards for impartiality and due process."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":8347.53,"end":8347.69},{"text":"note","start":8347.69,"end":8348.17},{"text":"that","start":8348.17,"end":8348.29},{"text":"there","start":8348.29,"end":8348.45},{"text":"was","start":8348.45,"end":8348.61},{"text":"some","start":8348.61,"end":8348.89},{"text":"discussion","start":8348.89,"end":8349.45},{"text":"in","start":8349.45,"end":8349.53},{"text":"the","start":8349.53,"end":8349.61},{"text":"drafting","start":8349.61,"end":8350.01},{"text":"committee","start":8350.01,"end":8350.65},{"text":"on","start":8350.65,"end":8351.05},{"text":"reference","start":8351.13,"end":8351.85},{"text":"to","start":8351.85,"end":8352.01},{"text":"spirit","start":8352.01,"end":8352.53},{"text":"of","start":8352.53,"end":8352.65},{"text":"cooperation","start":8352.65,"end":8353.53},{"text":"in","start":8353.85,"end":8354.05},{"text":"draft","start":8354.05,"end":8354.41},{"text":"guideline","start":8354.41,"end":8354.89},{"text":"8","start":8354.89,"end":8355.29},{"text":"on","start":8355.53,"end":8355.69},{"text":"resort","start":8355.69,"end":8356.29},{"text":"to","start":8356.29,"end":8356.41},{"text":"means","start":8356.41,"end":8356.77},{"text":"of","start":8356.77,"end":8356.89},{"text":"dispute","start":8356.89,"end":8357.29},{"text":"settlement.","start":8357.29,"end":8357.93}]},{"text":"We agree with the explanation given in the commentary that dispute settlement generally, hence also settlement of disputes between international organizations and private parties, requires some sort of cooperation between the disputing parties.","start":8358.81,"end":8374.25,"topics":[{"key":"international-organization-disputes","label":"Dispute Settlement Involving International Organizations","description":"Speakers discussed guidelines for resolving disputes involving international organizations, States, and private parties, particularly the relationship between organizational immunity and effective access to justice. They considered the choice of judicial and alternative settlement mechanisms, party autonomy, power imbalances, and safeguards for impartiality and due process."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":8358.81,"end":8359.05},{"text":"agree","start":8359.05,"end":8359.45},{"text":"with","start":8359.45,"end":8359.65},{"text":"the","start":8359.65,"end":8359.73},{"text":"explanation","start":8359.73,"end":8360.57},{"text":"given","start":8360.57,"end":8360.89},{"text":"in","start":8360.89,"end":8360.97},{"text":"the","start":8360.97,"end":8361.09},{"text":"commentary","start":8361.09,"end":8361.85},{"text":"that","start":8361.85,"end":8362.21},{"text":"dispute","start":8362.21,"end":8362.81},{"text":"settlement","start":8362.89,"end":8363.65},{"text":"generally,","start":8363.65,"end":8364.33},{"text":"hence","start":8364.81,"end":8365.13},{"text":"also","start":8365.13,"end":8365.45},{"text":"settlement","start":8365.49,"end":8365.97},{"text":"of","start":8365.97,"end":8366.09},{"text":"disputes","start":8366.09,"end":8366.73},{"text":"between","start":8366.73,"end":8367.09},{"text":"international","start":8367.09,"end":8367.65},{"text":"organizations","start":8367.65,"end":8368.65},{"text":"and","start":8369.13,"end":8369.45},{"text":"private","start":8369.45,"end":8369.85},{"text":"parties,","start":8369.85,"end":8370.33},{"text":"requires","start":8370.33,"end":8370.85},{"text":"some","start":8370.85,"end":8371.13},{"text":"sort","start":8371.13,"end":8371.41},{"text":"of","start":8371.41,"end":8371.53},{"text":"cooperation","start":8371.53,"end":8372.33},{"text":"between","start":8372.65,"end":8373.05},{"text":"the","start":8373.05,"end":8373.13},{"text":"disputing","start":8373.13,"end":8373.69},{"text":"parties.","start":8373.69,"end":8374.25}]},{"text":"Still, upon reading the guideline, the reference does appear a bit odd at first glance, in view of the power imbalance between international organizations and private parties.","start":8374.65,"end":8384.65,"topics":[{"key":"international-organization-disputes","label":"Dispute Settlement Involving International Organizations","description":"Speakers discussed guidelines for resolving disputes involving international organizations, States, and private parties, particularly the relationship between organizational immunity and effective access to justice. 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you very much, Mr. Chair.","start":8424.69,"end":8425.81,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":8424.69,"end":8424.89},{"text":"you","start":8424.89,"end":8424.97},{"text":"very","start":8424.97,"end":8425.13},{"text":"much,","start":8425.13,"end":8425.33},{"text":"Mr.","start":8425.33,"end":8425.57},{"text":"Chair.","start":8425.57,"end":8425.81}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"AUT","group":null,"function":null,"affiliation_full":"Austria"}},{"statement_number":42,"start":8428.77,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c6/81/34?lang=en&t=2:20:29","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of Austria for his 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for the topic subsidiary means for the determination of rules of international law, our delegation believes that this work should be directed to offering more legal security with the use of subsidiary means and not create uncertainty in this respect.","start":8461.69,"end":8476.89,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. Discussion focused on assessing their weight, maintaining representativeness, distinguishing legal analysis from political positions, and avoiding a system of binding judicial precedent."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":8461.69,"end":8461.93},{"text":"for","start":8461.93,"end":8462.09},{"text":"the","start":8462.09,"end":8462.21},{"text":"topic","start":8462.25,"end":8462.81},{"text":"subsidiary","start":8463.05,"end":8463.53},{"text":"means","start":8463.53,"end":8463.77},{"text":"for","start":8463.77,"end":8463.89},{"text":"the","start":8463.89,"end":8463.97},{"text":"determination","start":8463.97,"end":8464.73},{"text":"of","start":8465.05,"end":8465.21},{"text":"rules","start":8465.21,"end":8465.41},{"text":"of","start":8465.41,"end":8465.49},{"text":"international","start":8465.49,"end":8466.05},{"text":"law,","start":8466.05,"end":8466.17},{"text":"our","start":8466.65,"end":8466.85},{"text":"delegation","start":8466.85,"end":8467.37},{"text":"believes","start":8467.37,"end":8467.85},{"text":"that","start":8468.17,"end":8468.37},{"text":"this","start":8468.37,"end":8468.57},{"text":"work","start":8468.57,"end":8468.81},{"text":"should","start":8469.21,"end":8469.37},{"text":"be","start":8469.37,"end":8469.49},{"text":"directed","start":8469.49,"end":8469.85},{"text":"to","start":8469.85,"end":8470.01},{"text":"offering","start":8470.01,"end":8470.49},{"text":"more","start":8470.73,"end":8471.13},{"text":"legal","start":8471.13,"end":8471.45},{"text":"security","start":8471.45,"end":8472.01},{"text":"with","start":8472.49,"end":8472.77},{"text":"the","start":8472.77,"end":8472.85},{"text":"use","start":8472.85,"end":8473.13},{"text":"of","start":8473.13,"end":8473.37},{"text":"subsidiary","start":8473.61,"end":8474.25},{"text":"means","start":8474.25,"end":8474.57},{"text":"and","start":8474.57,"end":8474.77},{"text":"not","start":8474.77,"end":8474.97},{"text":"create","start":8474.97,"end":8475.21},{"text":"uncertainty","start":8475.21,"end":8475.85},{"text":"in","start":8476.01,"end":8476.21},{"text":"this","start":8476.21,"end":8476.41},{"text":"respect.","start":8476.41,"end":8476.89}]},{"text":"We express our concern with respect to some formulations here.","start":8477.37,"end":8481.77,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. 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Discussion focused on assessing their weight, maintaining representativeness, distinguishing legal analysis from political positions, and avoiding a system of binding judicial precedent."}],"words":[{"text":"To","start":8483.37,"end":8483.49},{"text":"our","start":8483.49,"end":8483.57},{"text":"understanding,","start":8483.57,"end":8484.25},{"text":"it's","start":8484.53,"end":8484.81},{"text":"debatable","start":8484.81,"end":8485.25},{"text":"and","start":8485.25,"end":8485.37},{"text":"questionable","start":8485.37,"end":8486.01},{"text":"when","start":8486.09,"end":8486.29},{"text":"we","start":8486.29,"end":8486.37},{"text":"look","start":8486.37,"end":8486.53},{"text":"at","start":8486.53,"end":8486.61},{"text":"the","start":8486.61,"end":8486.69},{"text":"criteria","start":8487.05,"end":8487.61},{"text":"for","start":8487.61,"end":8487.93},{"text":"the","start":8487.93,"end":8488.05},{"text":"evaluation","start":8488.05,"end":8488.65},{"text":"of","start":8488.65,"end":8488.97},{"text":"subsidiary","start":8489.53,"end":8490.49},{"text":"means.","start":8490.49,"end":8490.81}]},{"text":"It doesn't define if there should be a hierarchy when it comes to determining a subsidiary means, nor what happens when there are contradictions between two means which are of the same or different nature.","start":8491.13,"end":8504.09,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. 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Discussion focused on assessing their weight, maintaining representativeness, distinguishing legal analysis from political positions, and avoiding a system of binding judicial precedent."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":8504.41,"end":8504.61},{"text":"believe","start":8504.61,"end":8504.97},{"text":"that","start":8505.13,"end":8505.53},{"text":"the","start":8506.09,"end":8506.29},{"text":"primary","start":8506.65,"end":8507.05},{"text":"criteria","start":8507.05,"end":8507.57},{"text":"to","start":8507.57,"end":8507.73},{"text":"determine","start":8507.73,"end":8508.17},{"text":"a","start":8508.25,"end":8508.29},{"text":"subsidiary","start":8508.29,"end":8508.69},{"text":"means","start":8508.89,"end":8509.21},{"text":"of","start":8509.73,"end":8510.01},{"text":"rules","start":8510.97,"end":8511.17},{"text":"of","start":8511.17,"end":8511.25},{"text":"international","start":8511.25,"end":8511.73},{"text":"law","start":8511.73,"end":8511.81},{"text":"should","start":8511.81,"end":8512.01},{"text":"be","start":8512.01,"end":8512.09},{"text":"the","start":8512.09,"end":8512.17},{"text":"acceptance","start":8512.17,"end":8512.65},{"text":"by","start":8512.65,"end":8512.73},{"text":"States.","start":8512.73,"end":8513.13}]},{"text":"We believe as well that we cannot accept as a subsidiary means for the determination of international law unilateral political decisions.","start":8513.37,"end":8521.61,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. Discussion focused on assessing their weight, maintaining representativeness, distinguishing legal analysis from political positions, and avoiding a system of binding judicial precedent."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":8513.37,"end":8513.61},{"text":"believe","start":8513.61,"end":8513.89},{"text":"as","start":8513.89,"end":8514.01},{"text":"well","start":8514.01,"end":8514.25},{"text":"that","start":8514.49,"end":8515.05},{"text":"we","start":8515.05,"end":8515.37},{"text":"cannot","start":8515.37,"end":8515.73},{"text":"accept","start":8515.73,"end":8516.17},{"text":"as","start":8516.49,"end":8516.81},{"text":"a","start":8516.81,"end":8516.85},{"text":"subsidiary","start":8516.85,"end":8517.45},{"text":"means","start":8517.45,"end":8517.69},{"text":"for","start":8517.69,"end":8517.81},{"text":"the","start":8517.81,"end":8517.89},{"text":"determination","start":8517.89,"end":8518.37},{"text":"of","start":8518.37,"end":8518.45},{"text":"international","start":8518.45,"end":8519.21},{"text":"law","start":8519.69,"end":8519.97},{"text":"unilateral","start":8520.01,"end":8520.61},{"text":"political","start":8520.61,"end":8520.97},{"text":"decisions.","start":8520.97,"end":8521.61}]},{"text":"Mr. Chairman, we welcome the format in which the study began on the settlement of disputes to which international organizations are parties, and we are thankful for the work of the ILC in drawing up the guidelines.","start":8522.33,"end":8537.69,"topics":[{"key":"international-organization-disputes","label":"Dispute Settlement Involving International Organizations","description":"Speakers discussed guidelines for resolving disputes involving international organizations, States, and private parties, particularly the relationship between organizational immunity and effective access to justice. They considered the choice of judicial and alternative settlement mechanisms, party autonomy, power imbalances, and safeguards for impartiality and due process."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":8522.33,"end":8522.65},{"text":"Chairman,","start":8522.65,"end":8523.13},{"text":"we","start":8523.61,"end":8524.01},{"text":"welcome","start":8524.01,"end":8524.65},{"text":"the","start":8524.89,"end":8525.21},{"text":"format","start":8525.37,"end":8525.85},{"text":"in","start":8525.85,"end":8525.97},{"text":"which","start":8525.97,"end":8526.25},{"text":"the","start":8526.65,"end":8526.81},{"text":"study","start":8526.81,"end":8527.17},{"text":"began","start":8527.17,"end":8527.53},{"text":"on","start":8527.85,"end":8528.09},{"text":"the","start":8528.49,"end":8528.61},{"text":"settlement","start":8528.61,"end":8529.13},{"text":"of","start":8529.49,"end":8529.61},{"text":"disputes","start":8529.69,"end":8530.13},{"text":"to","start":8530.13,"end":8530.21},{"text":"which","start":8530.21,"end":8530.57},{"text":"international","start":8530.57,"end":8531.13},{"text":"organizations","start":8531.13,"end":8531.77},{"text":"are","start":8531.77,"end":8531.85},{"text":"parties,","start":8531.85,"end":8532.41},{"text":"and","start":8532.81,"end":8533.05},{"text":"we","start":8533.05,"end":8533.13},{"text":"are","start":8533.13,"end":8533.21},{"text":"thankful","start":8533.21,"end":8533.53},{"text":"for","start":8533.53,"end":8533.69},{"text":"the","start":8533.69,"end":8533.77},{"text":"work","start":8533.77,"end":8534.01},{"text":"of","start":8534.53,"end":8534.81},{"text":"the","start":8535.13,"end":8535.33},{"text":"ILC","start":8535.33,"end":8535.85},{"text":"in","start":8535.85,"end":8536.09},{"text":"drawing","start":8536.25,"end":8536.65},{"text":"up","start":8536.65,"end":8536.81},{"text":"the","start":8536.81,"end":8537.01},{"text":"guidelines.","start":8537.05,"end":8537.69}]},{"text":"We believe that this matter is closely related to the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations for wrongful acts adopted in 2011.","start":8538.53,"end":8551.49,"topics":[{"key":"international-organization-disputes","label":"Dispute Settlement Involving International Organizations","description":"Speakers discussed guidelines for resolving disputes involving international organizations, States, and private parties, particularly the relationship between organizational immunity and effective access to justice. They considered the choice of judicial and alternative settlement mechanisms, party autonomy, power imbalances, and safeguards for impartiality and due 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this respect, we suggest that for this item, we maintain the definition of international organization already adopted by the ILC in 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recognize that the concept of international organizations has evolved over recent years, and nonetheless, we believe that it's to address the level of an organization to express their agreement with the statutes and the statutes of the 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Chairman, the practice to of holding international agreements which are non-legally binding has increased significantly and has become more complex than ever over, uh, recent 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so it strikes us, and we are considerably concerned by both the doctrine as well as the practice of 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believes the need to increase the clarity and legal security on legally non-binding agreements at the universal level, especially taking into account the legal risks that can come about with the use of non-binding legal 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with respect to the succession of states in respect of state responsibility, we believe that the responsibility of states for internationally wrongful acts in the case of succession of states should be assessed in the light of the draft articles already adopted by the ILC during its 73rd session concerning the responsibility of States for internationally wrongful acts.","start":8619.01,"end":8639.57,"topics":[{"key":"state-succession-responsibility","label":"State Succession and State Responsibility","description":"Delegations considered whether and how responsibility for internationally wrongful acts carries over following State succession, noting limited, diverse, and context-specific State practice. Views differed on the Commission’s decision to discontinue the topic, with some supporting caution and others emphasizing unresolved succession issues and the need for further legal guidance."}],"words":[{"text":"Chairman,","start":8619.01,"end":8619.33},{"text":"with","start":8619.33,"end":8619.53},{"text":"respect","start":8619.53,"end":8619.93},{"text":"to","start":8619.93,"end":8620.01},{"text":"the","start":8620.01,"end":8620.09},{"text":"succession","start":8620.13,"end":8620.65},{"text":"of","start":8620.65,"end":8620.73},{"text":"states","start":8620.73,"end":8621.09},{"text":"in","start":8621.09,"end":8621.33},{"text":"respect","start":8621.33,"end":8621.73},{"text":"of","start":8621.73,"end":8621.81},{"text":"state","start":8621.81,"end":8622.05},{"text":"responsibility,","start":8622.05,"end":8622.77},{"text":"we","start":8623.01,"end":8623.21},{"text":"believe","start":8623.21,"end":8623.57},{"text":"that","start":8623.81,"end":8624.13},{"text":"the","start":8624.13,"end":8624.25},{"text":"responsibility","start":8624.37,"end":8625.05},{"text":"of","start":8625.05,"end":8625.13},{"text":"states","start":8625.13,"end":8625.41},{"text":"for","start":8625.41,"end":8625.65},{"text":"internationally","start":8625.65,"end":8626.29},{"text":"wrongful","start":8626.29,"end":8626.69},{"text":"acts","start":8626.69,"end":8626.93},{"text":"in","start":8627.25,"end":8627.41},{"text":"the","start":8627.41,"end":8627.49},{"text":"case","start":8627.49,"end":8627.73},{"text":"of","start":8627.73,"end":8627.81},{"text":"succession","start":8627.81,"end":8628.29},{"text":"of","start":8628.29,"end":8628.37},{"text":"states","start":8628.37,"end":8628.69},{"text":"should","start":8628.93,"end":8629.21},{"text":"be","start":8629.21,"end":8629.29},{"text":"assessed","start":8629.29,"end":8629.65},{"text":"in","start":8629.65,"end":8629.81},{"text":"the","start":8629.81,"end":8629.89},{"text":"light","start":8629.89,"end":8630.21},{"text":"of","start":8630.45,"end":8630.53},{"text":"the","start":8630.53,"end":8630.61},{"text":"draft","start":8630.61,"end":8630.85},{"text":"articles","start":8631.01,"end":8631.49},{"text":"already","start":8631.49,"end":8631.97},{"text":"adopted","start":8631.97,"end":8632.37},{"text":"by","start":8632.37,"end":8632.53},{"text":"the","start":8632.53,"end":8632.65},{"text":"ILC","start":8632.65,"end":8633.09},{"text":"during","start":8633.49,"end":8633.81},{"text":"its","start":8633.81,"end":8633.97},{"text":"73rd","start":8634.05,"end":8634.61},{"text":"session","start":8634.61,"end":8635.09},{"text":"concerning","start":8635.49,"end":8636.05},{"text":"the","start":8636.21,"end":8636.37},{"text":"responsibility","start":8636.37,"end":8636.93},{"text":"of","start":8636.93,"end":8637.01},{"text":"States","start":8637.01,"end":8637.41},{"text":"for","start":8638.21,"end":8638.45},{"text":"internationally","start":8638.45,"end":8639.01},{"text":"wrongful","start":8639.01,"end":8639.41},{"text":"acts.","start":8639.41,"end":8639.57}]},{"text":"We call for and we urge that we maintain the consistency of the work of the Commission with respect to the work already achieved, and in particular that which is done on the article on the responsibility of States for wrongful acts, both in substance and in terminology.","start":8640.05,"end":8656.21,"topics":[{"key":"state-succession-responsibility","label":"State Succession and State Responsibility","description":"Delegations considered whether and how responsibility for internationally wrongful acts carries over following State succession, noting limited, diverse, and context-specific State practice. Views differed on the Commission’s decision to discontinue the topic, with some supporting caution and others emphasizing unresolved succession issues and the need for further legal guidance."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":8640.05,"end":8640.45},{"text":"call","start":8640.69,"end":8640.93},{"text":"for","start":8640.93,"end":8641.17},{"text":"and","start":8641.17,"end":8641.29},{"text":"we","start":8641.29,"end":8641.49},{"text":"urge","start":8641.49,"end":8641.89},{"text":"that","start":8641.89,"end":8642.05},{"text":"we","start":8642.05,"end":8642.29},{"text":"maintain","start":8642.29,"end":8642.77},{"text":"the","start":8642.77,"end":8642.85},{"text":"consistency","start":8642.85,"end":8643.37},{"text":"of","start":8643.37,"end":8643.45},{"text":"the","start":8643.45,"end":8643.53},{"text":"work","start":8643.53,"end":8643.81},{"text":"of","start":8643.81,"end":8643.89},{"text":"the","start":8643.89,"end":8644.01},{"text":"Commission","start":8644.29,"end":8644.77},{"text":"with","start":8644.85,"end":8645.09},{"text":"respect","start":8645.09,"end":8645.45},{"text":"to","start":8645.45,"end":8645.53},{"text":"the","start":8645.53,"end":8645.65},{"text":"work","start":8645.65,"end":8645.85},{"text":"already","start":8645.85,"end":8646.17},{"text":"achieved,","start":8646.17,"end":8646.53},{"text":"and","start":8646.77,"end":8646.93},{"text":"in","start":8646.93,"end":8647.01},{"text":"particular","start":8647.01,"end":8647.49},{"text":"that","start":8647.73,"end":8648.05},{"text":"which","start":8648.05,"end":8648.29},{"text":"is","start":8648.29,"end":8648.37},{"text":"done","start":8648.37,"end":8648.61},{"text":"on","start":8648.61,"end":8648.85},{"text":"the","start":8648.85,"end":8649.05},{"text":"article","start":8649.05,"end":8649.49},{"text":"on","start":8649.73,"end":8649.89},{"text":"the","start":8649.89,"end":8649.97},{"text":"responsibility","start":8649.97,"end":8650.69},{"text":"of","start":8651.13,"end":8651.25},{"text":"States","start":8651.33,"end":8651.73},{"text":"for","start":8651.73,"end":8651.89},{"text":"wrongful","start":8652.37,"end":8653.09},{"text":"acts,","start":8653.09,"end":8653.33},{"text":"both","start":8653.65,"end":8653.89},{"text":"in","start":8653.89,"end":8654.13},{"text":"substance","start":8654.77,"end":8655.33},{"text":"and","start":8655.33,"end":8655.49},{"text":"in","start":8655.49,"end":8655.57},{"text":"terminology.","start":8655.57,"end":8656.21}]},{"text":"We understand that there is not practice on this, and this practice depends on the international context, and it's marked by political interests of those involved.","start":8656.45,"end":8670.05,"topics":[{"key":"state-succession-responsibility","label":"State Succession and State Responsibility","description":"Delegations considered whether and how responsibility for internationally wrongful acts carries over following State succession, noting limited, diverse, and context-specific State practice. Views differed on the Commission’s decision to discontinue the topic, with some supporting caution and others emphasizing unresolved succession issues and the need for further legal guidance."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":8656.45,"end":8656.69},{"text":"understand","start":8656.69,"end":8657.17},{"text":"that","start":8657.73,"end":8658.13},{"text":"there","start":8658.93,"end":8659.25},{"text":"is","start":8659.41,"end":8659.89},{"text":"not","start":8659.93,"end":8660.05},{"text":"practice","start":8661.81,"end":8662.29},{"text":"on","start":8662.29,"end":8662.37},{"text":"this,","start":8662.37,"end":8662.65},{"text":"and","start":8662.65,"end":8662.85},{"text":"this","start":8663.17,"end":8663.41},{"text":"practice","start":8663.41,"end":8663.89},{"text":"depends","start":8663.89,"end":8664.29},{"text":"on","start":8664.29,"end":8664.37},{"text":"the","start":8664.37,"end":8664.49},{"text":"international","start":8664.93,"end":8665.53},{"text":"context,","start":8665.53,"end":8666.05},{"text":"and","start":8666.29,"end":8666.41},{"text":"it's","start":8666.41,"end":8666.69},{"text":"marked","start":8666.69,"end":8667.09},{"text":"by","start":8667.33,"end":8667.65},{"text":"political","start":8668.21,"end":8668.69},{"text":"interests","start":8668.69,"end":8669.33},{"text":"of","start":8669.33,"end":8669.41},{"text":"those","start":8669.41,"end":8669.61},{"text":"involved.","start":8669.61,"end":8670.05}]},{"text":"Nor are there decisions of international courts and tribunals which contribute decisively to this topic, and this makes it difficult to establish a legal position on this.","start":8670.37,"end":8680.85,"topics":[{"key":"state-succession-responsibility","label":"State Succession and State Responsibility","description":"Delegations considered whether and how responsibility for internationally wrongful acts carries over following State succession, noting limited, diverse, and context-specific State practice. Views differed on the Commission’s decision to discontinue the topic, with some supporting caution and others emphasizing unresolved succession issues and the need for further legal guidance."}],"words":[{"text":"Nor","start":8670.37,"end":8670.61},{"text":"are","start":8670.77,"end":8670.93},{"text":"there","start":8670.93,"end":8671.25},{"text":"decisions","start":8671.49,"end":8671.97},{"text":"of","start":8671.97,"end":8672.13},{"text":"international","start":8672.13,"end":8672.77},{"text":"courts","start":8672.77,"end":8672.97},{"text":"and","start":8672.97,"end":8673.13},{"text":"tribunals","start":8673.13,"end":8673.73},{"text":"which","start":8674.05,"end":8674.37},{"text":"contribute","start":8674.53,"end":8675.17},{"text":"decisively","start":8675.49,"end":8676.21},{"text":"to","start":8676.37,"end":8676.53},{"text":"this","start":8676.53,"end":8676.73},{"text":"topic,","start":8676.73,"end":8677.17},{"text":"and","start":8677.73,"end":8677.93},{"text":"this","start":8677.93,"end":8678.13},{"text":"makes","start":8678.13,"end":8678.29},{"text":"it","start":8678.29,"end":8678.41},{"text":"difficult","start":8678.41,"end":8678.81},{"text":"to","start":8679.09,"end":8679.29},{"text":"establish","start":8679.29,"end":8679.73},{"text":"a","start":8679.73,"end":8679.81},{"text":"legal","start":8679.81,"end":8680.13},{"text":"position","start":8680.13,"end":8680.49},{"text":"on","start":8680.49,"end":8680.61},{"text":"this.","start":8680.61,"end":8680.85}]},{"text":"And in this respect, we urge that we carry out a study on the matter of the responsibility very carefully, taking into account every specific type of succession.","start":8681.49,"end":8691.41,"topics":[{"key":"state-succession-responsibility","label":"State Succession and State Responsibility","description":"Delegations considered whether and how responsibility for internationally wrongful acts carries over following State succession, noting limited, diverse, and context-specific State practice. 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Views differed on the Commission’s decision to discontinue the topic, with some supporting caution and others emphasizing unresolved succession issues and the need for further legal guidance."}],"words":[{"text":"Cuba","start":8691.89,"end":8692.21},{"text":"agrees","start":8692.85,"end":8693.13},{"text":"with","start":8693.13,"end":8693.25},{"text":"the","start":8693.25,"end":8693.33},{"text":"criterion","start":8693.33,"end":8693.77},{"text":"that","start":8693.77,"end":8693.89},{"text":"we","start":8693.89,"end":8693.97},{"text":"can","start":8693.97,"end":8694.17},{"text":"create","start":8694.17,"end":8695.13},{"text":"a","start":8695.13,"end":8695.17},{"text":"general","start":8695.17,"end":8695.65},{"text":"guideline,","start":8695.65,"end":8696.21},{"text":"an","start":8696.41,"end":8696.53},{"text":"underlying","start":8696.53,"end":8696.97},{"text":"guideline,","start":8696.97,"end":8697.41},{"text":"applied","start":8697.73,"end":8698.17},{"text":"to","start":8698.17,"end":8698.25},{"text":"the","start":8698.25,"end":8698.33},{"text":"succession","start":8698.33,"end":8698.85},{"text":"of","start":8698.85,"end":8698.93},{"text":"states","start":8698.93,"end":8699.33},{"text":"in","start":8699.73,"end":8699.89},{"text":"a","start":8700.45,"end":8700.49},{"text":"where","start":8700.53,"end":8700.89},{"text":"the","start":8701.05,"end":8701.21},{"text":"responsibility","start":8701.21,"end":8701.85},{"text":"of","start":8702.01,"end":8702.17},{"text":"the","start":8702.17,"end":8702.25},{"text":"State","start":8702.25,"end":8702.73},{"text":"would","start":8702.81,"end":8702.97},{"text":"not","start":8702.97,"end":8703.13},{"text":"be","start":8703.13,"end":8703.25},{"text":"transferred","start":8703.25,"end":8703.85},{"text":"directly","start":8704.65,"end":8705.21},{"text":"to","start":8705.21,"end":8705.61},{"text":"the","start":8705.69,"end":8705.89},{"text":"successor","start":8705.89,"end":8706.37},{"text":"State,","start":8706.37,"end":8706.65},{"text":"except","start":8706.65,"end":8707.13},{"text":"in","start":8707.13,"end":8707.37},{"text":"certain","start":8707.69,"end":8708.05},{"text":"circumstances.","start":8708.05,"end":8708.81}]},{"text":"And lastly, we are concerned to see the imbalance that happens when a topic of this importance is not developed fully with respect to other interests of the countries.","start":8708.97,"end":8719.61,"topics":[{"key":"state-succession-responsibility","label":"State Succession and State Responsibility","description":"Delegations considered whether and how responsibility for internationally wrongful acts carries over following State succession, noting limited, diverse, and context-specific State practice. Views differed on the Commission’s decision to discontinue the topic, with some supporting caution and others emphasizing unresolved succession issues and the need for further legal 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insist that the topics studied by the ALC must be addressed by this sub-committee in equal conditions and should not force false 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Discussion focused on assessing their weight, maintaining representativeness, distinguishing legal analysis from political positions, and avoiding a system of binding judicial precedent."}],"words":[{"text":"Arbitral","start":8866.93,"end":8867.45},{"text":"bodies,","start":8867.45,"end":8867.97},{"text":"trade","start":8868.13,"end":8868.45},{"text":"monitoring","start":8868.45,"end":8869.01},{"text":"mechanisms,","start":8869.01,"end":8869.81},{"text":"and","start":8870.13,"end":8870.41},{"text":"non-judicial","start":8870.41,"end":8871.17},{"text":"institutions","start":8871.17,"end":8872.05},{"text":"should","start":8872.21,"end":8872.49},{"text":"not","start":8872.49,"end":8872.77},{"text":"be","start":8872.77,"end":8872.89},{"text":"treated","start":8872.89,"end":8873.33},{"text":"as","start":8873.33,"end":8873.49},{"text":"equivalent","start":8873.49,"end":8874.41},{"text":"to","start":8874.41,"end":8874.53},{"text":"permanent","start":8874.53,"end":8875.13},{"text":"judicial","start":8875.13,"end":8875.57},{"text":"bodies.","start":8875.57,"end":8876.13}]},{"text":"Brazil welcomes the emphasis placed on the International Court of Justice.","start":8877.57,"end":8881.65,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. 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Discussion focused on assessing their weight, maintaining representativeness, distinguishing legal analysis from political positions, and avoiding a system of binding judicial precedent."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":8882.29,"end":8882.33},{"text":"the","start":8882.33,"end":8882.41},{"text":"principal","start":8882.41,"end":8882.85},{"text":"judicial","start":8882.85,"end":8883.29},{"text":"organ","start":8883.29,"end":8883.73},{"text":"of","start":8883.73,"end":8883.93},{"text":"the","start":8883.93,"end":8884.01},{"text":"United","start":8884.01,"end":8884.33},{"text":"Nations,","start":8884.33,"end":8884.93},{"text":"with","start":8885.17,"end":8885.49},{"text":"broad","start":8885.49,"end":8885.89},{"text":"subject-matter","start":8885.89,"end":8886.69},{"text":"jurisdiction,","start":8886.69,"end":8887.49},{"text":"global","start":8887.89,"end":8888.25},{"text":"representativeness,","start":8888.25,"end":8889.33},{"text":"and","start":8889.49,"end":8889.77},{"text":"a","start":8889.77,"end":8889.81},{"text":"long-standing","start":8889.89,"end":8890.61},{"text":"case","start":8890.61,"end":8890.93},{"text":"law,","start":8890.93,"end":8891.17},{"text":"the","start":8891.65,"end":8891.77},{"text":"ICJ","start":8891.81,"end":8892.37},{"text":"occupies","start":8892.37,"end":8893.25},{"text":"a","start":8893.41,"end":8893.45},{"text":"special","start":8893.45,"end":8893.93},{"text":"position","start":8893.93,"end":8894.45},{"text":"in","start":8894.45,"end":8894.61},{"text":"promoting","start":8894.61,"end":8895.17},{"text":"the","start":8895.17,"end":8895.29},{"text":"coherence","start":8895.29,"end":8896.05},{"text":"and","start":8896.29,"end":8896.53},{"text":"unity","start":8896.53,"end":8896.93},{"text":"of","start":8896.93,"end":8897.17},{"text":"international","start":8897.17,"end":8897.81},{"text":"law.","start":8897.81,"end":8897.89}]},{"text":"As set out in draft conclusion 7, Decisions of other international tribunals should primarily be accorded weight within the scope of their specific mandates and in the context of a body of concurring decisions.","start":8898.93,"end":8912.21,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. 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Discussion focused on assessing their weight, maintaining representativeness, distinguishing legal analysis from political positions, and avoiding a system of binding judicial precedent."}],"words":[{"text":"Brazil","start":8912.93,"end":8913.25},{"text":"notes","start":8913.25,"end":8913.73},{"text":"other","start":8913.81,"end":8914.13},{"text":"criteria","start":8914.13,"end":8914.77},{"text":"could","start":8914.93,"end":8915.17},{"text":"have","start":8915.17,"end":8915.41},{"text":"been","start":8915.41,"end":8915.57},{"text":"taken","start":8915.57,"end":8915.89},{"text":"into","start":8915.89,"end":8916.09},{"text":"consideration","start":8916.09,"end":8916.85},{"text":"under","start":8917.25,"end":8917.65},{"text":"this","start":8917.65,"end":8917.85},{"text":"draft","start":8917.85,"end":8918.13},{"text":"conclusion,","start":8918.13,"end":8918.77},{"text":"such","start":8919.01,"end":8919.41},{"text":"as","start":8919.41,"end":8919.49},{"text":"the","start":8919.49,"end":8919.61},{"text":"compatibility","start":8919.61,"end":8920.45},{"text":"of","start":8920.45,"end":8920.77},{"text":"a","start":8920.85,"end":8920.89},{"text":"judicial","start":8920.89,"end":8921.37},{"text":"decision","start":8921.37,"end":8921.89},{"text":"with","start":8922.21,"end":8922.45},{"text":"contemporary","start":8922.45,"end":8923.13},{"text":"state","start":8923.13,"end":8923.41},{"text":"practice.","start":8923.41,"end":8924.05}]},{"text":"Similarly, caution is required when relying on national judicial decisions, especially given the persistent over-representation of decisions from developed countries in references to domestic case law.","start":8925.29,"end":8938.25,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. Discussion focused on assessing their weight, maintaining representativeness, distinguishing legal analysis from political positions, and avoiding a system of binding judicial precedent."}],"words":[{"text":"Similarly,","start":8925.29,"end":8925.85},{"text":"caution","start":8926.17,"end":8926.57},{"text":"is","start":8926.57,"end":8926.73},{"text":"required","start":8926.73,"end":8927.37},{"text":"when","start":8927.57,"end":8927.77},{"text":"relying","start":8927.77,"end":8928.29},{"text":"on","start":8928.33,"end":8928.53},{"text":"national","start":8928.53,"end":8928.97},{"text":"judicial","start":8928.97,"end":8929.41},{"text":"decisions,","start":8929.41,"end":8930.09},{"text":"especially","start":8930.41,"end":8930.97},{"text":"given","start":8930.97,"end":8931.29},{"text":"the","start":8931.29,"end":8931.37},{"text":"persistent","start":8931.37,"end":8931.93},{"text":"over-representation","start":8931.93,"end":8933.37},{"text":"of","start":8933.69,"end":8933.85},{"text":"decisions","start":8933.85,"end":8934.41},{"text":"from","start":8934.41,"end":8934.65},{"text":"developed","start":8934.65,"end":8935.21},{"text":"countries","start":8935.21,"end":8935.77},{"text":"in","start":8936.09,"end":8936.33},{"text":"references","start":8936.33,"end":8936.89},{"text":"to","start":8937.13,"end":8937.29},{"text":"domestic","start":8937.29,"end":8937.81},{"text":"case","start":8937.81,"end":8938.09},{"text":"law.","start":8938.09,"end":8938.25}]},{"text":"We also recall that international law does not recognize a system of binding precedent, as set out in draft conclusion six.","start":8939.53,"end":8948.01,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. Discussion focused on assessing their weight, maintaining representativeness, distinguishing legal analysis from political positions, and avoiding a system of binding judicial precedent."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":8939.53,"end":8939.69},{"text":"also","start":8939.69,"end":8939.97},{"text":"recall","start":8939.97,"end":8940.49},{"text":"that","start":8940.57,"end":8940.81},{"text":"international","start":8940.81,"end":8941.53},{"text":"law","start":8941.53,"end":8941.69},{"text":"does","start":8942.01,"end":8942.25},{"text":"not","start":8942.25,"end":8942.49},{"text":"recognize","start":8942.49,"end":8943.09},{"text":"a","start":8943.09,"end":8943.13},{"text":"system","start":8943.13,"end":8943.77},{"text":"of","start":8943.77,"end":8944.01},{"text":"binding","start":8944.01,"end":8944.41},{"text":"precedent,","start":8944.41,"end":8945.13},{"text":"as","start":8945.29,"end":8945.61},{"text":"set","start":8945.85,"end":8946.21},{"text":"out","start":8946.21,"end":8946.57},{"text":"in","start":8946.57,"end":8946.69},{"text":"draft","start":8946.69,"end":8946.93},{"text":"conclusion","start":8946.93,"end":8947.45},{"text":"six.","start":8947.45,"end":8948.01}]},{"text":"In this regard, care should be taken when drawing comparisons between the stated decisions and different concepts, such as those established by regional courts.","start":8948.57,"end":8958.05,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. Discussion focused on assessing their weight, maintaining representativeness, distinguishing legal analysis from political positions, and avoiding a system of binding judicial precedent."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":8948.57,"end":8948.69},{"text":"this","start":8948.69,"end":8948.89},{"text":"regard,","start":8948.89,"end":8949.37},{"text":"care","start":8949.69,"end":8950.01},{"text":"should","start":8950.01,"end":8950.17},{"text":"be","start":8950.17,"end":8950.33},{"text":"taken","start":8950.33,"end":8950.73},{"text":"when","start":8950.73,"end":8950.97},{"text":"drawing","start":8950.97,"end":8951.33},{"text":"comparisons","start":8951.33,"end":8952.09},{"text":"between","start":8952.09,"end":8952.45},{"text":"the","start":8952.45,"end":8952.53},{"text":"stated","start":8952.53,"end":8952.89},{"text":"decisions","start":8952.89,"end":8953.53},{"text":"and","start":8953.89,"end":8954.09},{"text":"different","start":8954.09,"end":8954.49},{"text":"concepts,","start":8954.49,"end":8955.33},{"text":"such","start":8955.57,"end":8955.97},{"text":"as","start":8955.97,"end":8956.13},{"text":"those","start":8956.13,"end":8956.41},{"text":"established","start":8956.41,"end":8956.93},{"text":"by","start":8956.93,"end":8957.05},{"text":"regional","start":8957.05,"end":8957.49},{"text":"courts.","start":8957.49,"end":8958.05}]},{"text":"Regarding teachings, Brazil considers that, in addition to the criteria set out in draft conclusion 8, particular weight should also be given to the work of collective bodies rather than to the writings of individual scholars, which may reflect personal or national perspectives and often advocate progressive development rather than identifying existing law.","start":8959.81,"end":8983.17,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. Discussion focused on assessing their weight, maintaining representativeness, distinguishing legal analysis from political positions, and avoiding a system of binding judicial precedent."}],"words":[{"text":"Regarding","start":8959.81,"end":8960.29},{"text":"teachings,","start":8960.29,"end":8960.93},{"text":"Brazil","start":8961.41,"end":8961.73},{"text":"considers","start":8961.73,"end":8962.21},{"text":"that,","start":8962.21,"end":8962.53},{"text":"in","start":8962.53,"end":8962.69},{"text":"addition","start":8962.69,"end":8963.17},{"text":"to","start":8963.33,"end":8963.53},{"text":"the","start":8963.53,"end":8963.65},{"text":"criteria","start":8963.65,"end":8964.21},{"text":"set","start":8964.21,"end":8964.45},{"text":"out","start":8964.45,"end":8964.77},{"text":"in","start":8964.77,"end":8964.89},{"text":"draft","start":8964.89,"end":8965.13},{"text":"conclusion","start":8965.13,"end":8965.65},{"text":"8,","start":8965.65,"end":8966.13},{"text":"particular","start":8966.53,"end":8967.17},{"text":"weight","start":8967.17,"end":8967.65},{"text":"should","start":8967.81,"end":8968.05},{"text":"also","start":8968.05,"end":8968.21},{"text":"be","start":8968.21,"end":8968.37},{"text":"given","start":8968.37,"end":8968.65},{"text":"to","start":8968.65,"end":8968.77},{"text":"the","start":8968.77,"end":8968.85},{"text":"work","start":8968.85,"end":8969.25},{"text":"of","start":8969.25,"end":8969.41},{"text":"collective","start":8969.41,"end":8969.97},{"text":"bodies","start":8969.97,"end":8970.45},{"text":"rather","start":8970.93,"end":8971.33},{"text":"than","start":8971.33,"end":8971.57},{"text":"to","start":8971.57,"end":8971.73},{"text":"the","start":8971.73,"end":8971.85},{"text":"writings","start":8971.85,"end":8972.37},{"text":"of","start":8972.37,"end":8972.69},{"text":"individual","start":8972.69,"end":8973.33},{"text":"scholars,","start":8973.41,"end":8974.05},{"text":"which","start":8974.37,"end":8974.69},{"text":"may","start":8974.69,"end":8974.93},{"text":"reflect","start":8974.93,"end":8975.41},{"text":"personal","start":8975.41,"end":8976.05},{"text":"or","start":8976.21,"end":8976.37},{"text":"national","start":8976.37,"end":8976.81},{"text":"perspectives","start":8976.81,"end":8977.57},{"text":"and","start":8978.13,"end":8978.33},{"text":"often","start":8978.37,"end":8978.85},{"text":"advocate","start":8978.85,"end":8979.53},{"text":"progressive","start":8979.53,"end":8980.13},{"text":"development","start":8980.13,"end":8980.73},{"text":"rather","start":8981.01,"end":8981.33},{"text":"than","start":8981.33,"end":8981.65},{"text":"identifying","start":8981.65,"end":8982.45},{"text":"existing","start":8982.45,"end":8983.01},{"text":"law.","start":8983.01,"end":8983.17}]},{"text":"Brazil welcomes the reference to the need for taking into account geographic, linguistic, and legal diversity when assessing the relative weight of teachings.","start":8983.89,"end":8993.05,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. Discussion focused on assessing their weight, maintaining representativeness, distinguishing legal analysis from political positions, and avoiding a system of binding judicial precedent."}],"words":[{"text":"Brazil","start":8983.89,"end":8984.25},{"text":"welcomes","start":8984.25,"end":8984.73},{"text":"the","start":8984.73,"end":8984.81},{"text":"reference","start":8984.81,"end":8985.33},{"text":"to","start":8985.33,"end":8985.53},{"text":"the","start":8985.53,"end":8985.65},{"text":"need","start":8985.65,"end":8985.97},{"text":"for","start":8985.97,"end":8986.13},{"text":"taking","start":8986.13,"end":8986.45},{"text":"into","start":8986.45,"end":8986.65},{"text":"account","start":8986.65,"end":8987.25},{"text":"geographic,","start":8987.49,"end":8988.29},{"text":"linguistic,","start":8988.45,"end":8989.17},{"text":"and","start":8989.45,"end":8989.65},{"text":"legal","start":8989.65,"end":8989.97},{"text":"diversity","start":8989.97,"end":8990.69},{"text":"when","start":8990.81,"end":8991.09},{"text":"assessing","start":8991.09,"end":8991.57},{"text":"the","start":8991.57,"end":8991.65},{"text":"relative","start":8991.65,"end":8992.13},{"text":"weight","start":8992.13,"end":8992.37},{"text":"of","start":8992.37,"end":8992.53},{"text":"teachings.","start":8992.53,"end":8993.05}]},{"text":"Brazil further considers that clarification is needed regarding other means used to determine the existence and content of rules of international law.","start":8994.05,"end":9002.85,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. Discussion focused on assessing their weight, maintaining representativeness, distinguishing legal analysis from political positions, and avoiding a system of binding judicial precedent."}],"words":[{"text":"Brazil","start":8994.05,"end":8994.41},{"text":"further","start":8994.41,"end":8994.93},{"text":"considers","start":8994.93,"end":8995.57},{"text":"that","start":8995.73,"end":8996.05},{"text":"clarification","start":8996.05,"end":8996.85},{"text":"is","start":8996.85,"end":8997.01},{"text":"needed","start":8997.01,"end":8997.41},{"text":"regarding","start":8997.65,"end":8998.13},{"text":"other","start":8998.45,"end":8998.77},{"text":"means","start":8998.77,"end":8999.13},{"text":"used","start":8999.17,"end":8999.53},{"text":"to","start":8999.53,"end":8999.61},{"text":"determine","start":8999.61,"end":9000.09},{"text":"the","start":9000.09,"end":9000.17},{"text":"existence","start":9000.17,"end":9000.85},{"text":"and","start":9000.93,"end":9001.09},{"text":"content","start":9001.09,"end":9001.57},{"text":"of","start":9001.57,"end":9001.73},{"text":"rules","start":9001.73,"end":9002.01},{"text":"of","start":9002.01,"end":9002.13},{"text":"international","start":9002.13,"end":9002.77},{"text":"law.","start":9002.77,"end":9002.85}]},{"text":"We believe a more in-depth reflection is required regarding the use of resolutions of international organizations as such.","start":9003.73,"end":9010.85,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. Discussion focused on assessing their weight, maintaining representativeness, distinguishing legal analysis from political positions, and avoiding a system of binding judicial precedent."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":9003.73,"end":9003.85},{"text":"believe","start":9003.85,"end":9004.37},{"text":"a","start":9004.45,"end":9004.49},{"text":"more","start":9004.49,"end":9004.85},{"text":"in-depth","start":9004.85,"end":9005.33},{"text":"reflection","start":9005.33,"end":9005.97},{"text":"is","start":9005.97,"end":9006.13},{"text":"required","start":9006.13,"end":9006.77},{"text":"regarding","start":9007.09,"end":9007.65},{"text":"the","start":9007.65,"end":9007.77},{"text":"use","start":9007.77,"end":9008.05},{"text":"of","start":9008.05,"end":9008.13},{"text":"resolutions","start":9008.13,"end":9008.93},{"text":"of","start":9008.93,"end":9009.09},{"text":"international","start":9009.09,"end":9009.61},{"text":"organizations","start":9009.61,"end":9010.21},{"text":"as","start":9010.21,"end":9010.29},{"text":"such.","start":9010.29,"end":9010.85}]},{"text":"In our view, it is important to assess to what extent the ICJ would make reference to resolutions as subsidiary means for the determination of rules of international law, rather than referring to them as evidence of customary law or as evidence of subsequent practice for treaty interpretation purposes.","start":9011.37,"end":9029.05,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. Discussion focused on assessing their weight, maintaining representativeness, distinguishing legal analysis from political positions, and avoiding a system of binding judicial 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Chair, I now turn to Chapter 7 of the ILC report on the settlement of disputes to which international organizations are parties.","start":9030.25,"end":9038.65,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":9030.25,"end":9030.57},{"text":"Chair,","start":9030.57,"end":9030.97},{"text":"I","start":9032.17,"end":9032.25},{"text":"now","start":9032.25,"end":9032.49},{"text":"turn","start":9032.49,"end":9032.73},{"text":"to","start":9032.73,"end":9032.85},{"text":"Chapter","start":9032.85,"end":9033.21},{"text":"7","start":9033.21,"end":9033.61},{"text":"of","start":9033.61,"end":9033.77},{"text":"the","start":9033.77,"end":9033.89},{"text":"ILC","start":9033.89,"end":9034.21},{"text":"report","start":9034.21,"end":9034.73},{"text":"on","start":9034.97,"end":9035.13},{"text":"the","start":9035.13,"end":9035.21},{"text":"settlement","start":9035.21,"end":9035.69},{"text":"of","start":9035.69,"end":9035.85},{"text":"disputes","start":9035.85,"end":9036.33},{"text":"to","start":9036.33,"end":9036.41},{"text":"which","start":9036.41,"end":9036.73},{"text":"international","start":9036.73,"end":9037.25},{"text":"organizations","start":9037.25,"end":9037.93},{"text":"are","start":9037.93,"end":9038.01},{"text":"parties.","start":9038.01,"end":9038.65}]},{"text":"Brazil commends the Special Rapporteur, Mr. August Reinisch, as well as the IOC for the adoption on first reading of the draft guidelines.","start":9039.21,"end":9048.25,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Brazil","start":9039.21,"end":9039.45},{"text":"commends","start":9039.45,"end":9040.01},{"text":"the","start":9040.01,"end":9040.13},{"text":"Special","start":9040.13,"end":9040.53},{"text":"Rapporteur,","start":9040.53,"end":9041.21},{"text":"Mr.","start":9041.37,"end":9041.69},{"text":"August","start":9041.69,"end":9042.13},{"text":"Reinisch,","start":9042.13,"end":9042.65},{"text":"as","start":9043.13,"end":9043.37},{"text":"well","start":9043.37,"end":9043.61},{"text":"as","start":9043.61,"end":9043.69},{"text":"the","start":9043.69,"end":9043.81},{"text":"IOC","start":9043.81,"end":9044.49},{"text":"for","start":9044.57,"end":9044.89},{"text":"the","start":9044.89,"end":9045.01},{"text":"adoption","start":9045.01,"end":9045.45},{"text":"on","start":9045.45,"end":9045.69},{"text":"first","start":9045.69,"end":9046.01},{"text":"reading","start":9046.01,"end":9046.41},{"text":"of","start":9046.49,"end":9046.73},{"text":"the","start":9046.73,"end":9046.81},{"text":"draft","start":9046.81,"end":9047.21},{"text":"guidelines.","start":9047.61,"end":9048.25}]},{"text":"They are a positive contribution towards ensuring accountability in disputes involving international organizations.","start":9048.89,"end":9055.13,"topics":[{"key":"international-organization-disputes","label":"Dispute Settlement Involving International Organizations","description":"Speakers discussed guidelines for resolving disputes involving international organizations, States, and private parties, particularly the relationship between organizational immunity and effective access to justice. They considered the choice of judicial and alternative settlement mechanisms, party autonomy, power imbalances, and safeguards for impartiality and due process."}],"words":[{"text":"They","start":9048.89,"end":9049.13},{"text":"are","start":9049.13,"end":9049.37},{"text":"a","start":9049.45,"end":9049.49},{"text":"positive","start":9049.49,"end":9049.93},{"text":"contribution","start":9049.93,"end":9050.65},{"text":"towards","start":9050.65,"end":9051.13},{"text":"ensuring","start":9051.13,"end":9051.65},{"text":"accountability","start":9051.65,"end":9052.41},{"text":"in","start":9052.65,"end":9052.81},{"text":"disputes","start":9052.81,"end":9053.29},{"text":"involving","start":9053.29,"end":9053.81},{"text":"international","start":9053.81,"end":9054.29},{"text":"organizations.","start":9054.29,"end":9055.13}]},{"text":"Brazil reiterates its position that the draft guidelines should have retained the definition of international organization contained in the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations.","start":9055.89,"end":9066.57,"topics":[{"key":"international-organization-disputes","label":"Dispute Settlement Involving International Organizations","description":"Speakers discussed guidelines for resolving disputes involving international organizations, States, and private parties, particularly the relationship between organizational immunity and effective access to justice. 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They considered the choice of judicial and alternative settlement mechanisms, party autonomy, power imbalances, and safeguards for impartiality and due process."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":9110.33,"end":9110.41},{"text":"our","start":9110.41,"end":9110.57},{"text":"view,","start":9110.57,"end":9110.97},{"text":"part","start":9111.37,"end":9111.65},{"text":"three","start":9111.65,"end":9111.89},{"text":"of","start":9111.89,"end":9112.01},{"text":"the","start":9112.01,"end":9112.09},{"text":"draft","start":9112.09,"end":9112.41},{"text":"guidelines","start":9112.41,"end":9112.93},{"text":"makes","start":9113.29,"end":9113.61},{"text":"a","start":9113.69,"end":9113.73},{"text":"positive","start":9113.73,"end":9114.17},{"text":"contribution","start":9114.17,"end":9114.89},{"text":"to","start":9114.89,"end":9115.09},{"text":"safeguarding","start":9115.09,"end":9115.69},{"text":"the","start":9115.69,"end":9115.81},{"text":"right","start":9115.81,"end":9116.09},{"text":"of","start":9116.09,"end":9116.25},{"text":"access","start":9116.25,"end":9116.73},{"text":"to","start":9116.73,"end":9116.85},{"text":"justice","start":9116.85,"end":9117.53},{"text":"in","start":9117.93,"end":9118.09},{"text":"disputes","start":9118.09,"end":9118.53},{"text":"between","start":9118.53,"end":9118.89},{"text":"international","start":9118.89,"end":9119.41},{"text":"organizations","start":9119.41,"end":9120.09},{"text":"and","start":9120.09,"end":9120.25},{"text":"private","start":9120.25,"end":9120.57},{"text":"parties.","start":9120.57,"end":9121.13}]},{"text":"However, the text of part three could have benefited from more careful language when referencing to the immunity that may be enjoyed by some international organizations.","start":9121.61,"end":9132.73,"topics":[{"key":"international-organization-disputes","label":"Dispute Settlement Involving International Organizations","description":"Speakers discussed guidelines for resolving disputes involving international organizations, States, and private parties, particularly the relationship between organizational immunity and effective access to justice. They considered the choice of judicial and alternative settlement mechanisms, party autonomy, power imbalances, and safeguards for impartiality and due process."}],"words":[{"text":"However,","start":9121.61,"end":9122.25},{"text":"the","start":9122.73,"end":9122.93},{"text":"text","start":9122.93,"end":9123.29},{"text":"of","start":9123.29,"end":9123.37},{"text":"part","start":9123.37,"end":9123.69},{"text":"three","start":9123.69,"end":9124.09},{"text":"could","start":9124.17,"end":9124.41},{"text":"have","start":9124.41,"end":9124.57},{"text":"benefited","start":9124.57,"end":9125.13},{"text":"from","start":9125.13,"end":9125.41},{"text":"more","start":9125.41,"end":9125.61},{"text":"careful","start":9125.61,"end":9126.13},{"text":"language","start":9126.13,"end":9126.65},{"text":"when","start":9126.85,"end":9127.13},{"text":"referencing","start":9127.13,"end":9128.65},{"text":"to","start":9128.65,"end":9128.81},{"text":"the","start":9128.81,"end":9128.93},{"text":"immunity","start":9128.93,"end":9129.53},{"text":"that","start":9129.69,"end":9129.93},{"text":"may","start":9129.93,"end":9130.09},{"text":"be","start":9130.09,"end":9130.21},{"text":"enjoyed","start":9130.21,"end":9130.81},{"text":"by","start":9130.89,"end":9131.05},{"text":"some","start":9131.05,"end":9131.33},{"text":"international","start":9131.33,"end":9131.89},{"text":"organizations.","start":9131.89,"end":9132.73}]},{"text":"As is well established in international law, such an immunity is not derived from general custom.","start":9133.37,"end":9138.97,"topics":[{"key":"international-organization-disputes","label":"Dispute Settlement Involving International Organizations","description":"Speakers discussed guidelines for resolving disputes involving international organizations, States, and private parties, particularly the relationship between organizational immunity and effective access to justice. 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Views differed on the Commission’s decision to discontinue the topic, with some supporting caution and others emphasizing unresolved succession issues and the need for further legal guidance."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":9162.29,"end":9162.61},{"text":"Chair,","start":9162.61,"end":9163.01},{"text":"Finally,","start":9163.69,"end":9164.13},{"text":"on","start":9164.45,"end":9164.61},{"text":"the","start":9164.61,"end":9164.73},{"text":"topic","start":9164.73,"end":9165.17},{"text":"of","start":9165.17,"end":9165.41},{"text":"succession","start":9165.41,"end":9166.49},{"text":"of","start":9166.49,"end":9166.61},{"text":"States","start":9166.61,"end":9167.09},{"text":"in","start":9167.17,"end":9167.33},{"text":"respect","start":9167.33,"end":9167.77},{"text":"to","start":9167.77,"end":9167.85},{"text":"State","start":9167.89,"end":9168.21},{"text":"responsibility,","start":9168.21,"end":9169.09},{"text":"Brazil","start":9169.45,"end":9169.81},{"text":"takes","start":9169.81,"end":9170.05},{"text":"note","start":9170.05,"end":9170.37},{"text":"of","start":9170.37,"end":9170.61},{"text":"the","start":9170.61,"end":9170.73},{"text":"final","start":9170.73,"end":9171.09},{"text":"report","start":9171.09,"end":9171.65},{"text":"on","start":9171.65,"end":9171.73},{"text":"the","start":9171.73,"end":9171.85},{"text":"item","start":9171.89,"end":9172.29},{"text":"and","start":9172.53,"end":9172.77},{"text":"of","start":9172.77,"end":9172.85},{"text":"the","start":9172.85,"end":9172.97},{"text":"decision","start":9172.97,"end":9173.41},{"text":"to","start":9173.41,"end":9173.53},{"text":"discontinue","start":9173.53,"end":9174.13},{"text":"its","start":9174.13,"end":9174.37},{"text":"consideration","start":9174.37,"end":9175.17},{"text":"by","start":9175.49,"end":9175.73},{"text":"the","start":9175.77,"end":9175.85},{"text":"ILC.","start":9175.85,"end":9176.45}]},{"text":"This decision should not preclude the ILC nor the Sixth Committee from resuming their engagement with this and other related subjects in the future, if conditions are appropriate.","start":9176.85,"end":9189.49,"topics":[{"key":"state-succession-responsibility","label":"State Succession and State Responsibility","description":"Delegations considered whether and how responsibility for internationally wrongful acts carries over following State succession, noting limited, diverse, and context-specific State practice. 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Discussion focused on assessing their weight, maintaining representativeness, distinguishing legal analysis from political positions, and avoiding a system of binding judicial precedent."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":9306.81,"end":9307.37},{"text":"believe","start":9307.37,"end":9307.85},{"text":"it","start":9307.85,"end":9308.01},{"text":"was","start":9308.01,"end":9308.17},{"text":"right","start":9308.17,"end":9308.65},{"text":"that","start":9308.65,"end":9309.25},{"text":"a","start":9309.25,"end":9309.29},{"text":"clear","start":9309.29,"end":9309.53},{"text":"distinction","start":9309.53,"end":9310.05},{"text":"was","start":9310.05,"end":9310.17},{"text":"made","start":9310.17,"end":9310.41},{"text":"between","start":9310.41,"end":9310.77},{"text":"the","start":9310.77,"end":9310.85},{"text":"subsidiary","start":9310.85,"end":9311.45},{"text":"means","start":9311.45,"end":9311.85},{"text":"mentioned","start":9311.85,"end":9312.33},{"text":"in","start":9312.73,"end":9312.97},{"text":"the","start":9313.01,"end":9313.09},{"text":"ICJ","start":9313.09,"end":9313.93},{"text":"Statute,","start":9313.93,"end":9314.73},{"text":"decisions","start":9315.13,"end":9315.69},{"text":"of","start":9315.81,"end":9315.93},{"text":"courts","start":9315.93,"end":9316.33},{"text":"and","start":9316.33,"end":9316.45},{"text":"tribunals,","start":9316.45,"end":9317.09},{"text":"and","start":9317.09,"end":9317.25},{"text":"doctrine,","start":9317.25,"end":9317.65},{"text":"and","start":9317.65,"end":9317.77},{"text":"on","start":9317.77,"end":9317.85},{"text":"the","start":9317.85,"end":9317.97},{"text":"other","start":9318.01,"end":9318.25},{"text":"hand,","start":9318.25,"end":9318.57},{"text":"other","start":9318.89,"end":9319.13},{"text":"potential","start":9319.13,"end":9319.77},{"text":"subsidiary","start":9319.77,"end":9320.33},{"text":"means","start":9320.33,"end":9320.69},{"text":"such","start":9320.69,"end":9320.93},{"text":"as","start":9320.93,"end":9321.13},{"text":"expert","start":9321.13,"end":9321.61},{"text":"bodies'","start":9321.61,"end":9322.01},{"text":"work","start":9322.01,"end":9322.33},{"text":"and","start":9322.65,"end":9322.85},{"text":"international","start":9322.85,"end":9323.37},{"text":"organizations'","start":9323.37,"end":9324.09},{"text":"material.","start":9324.09,"end":9324.81}]},{"text":"While the draft conclusions adopted at the first reading have elements that we still disagree with, for example, the mention of gender diversity as a criteria for assessing the representativeness of doctrine, we believe that they are a good basis to prepare for a good quality final product of the ILC on subsidiary means.","start":9326.17,"end":9346.29,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. Discussion focused on assessing their weight, maintaining representativeness, distinguishing legal analysis from political positions, and avoiding a system of binding judicial precedent."}],"words":[{"text":"While","start":9326.17,"end":9326.61},{"text":"the","start":9326.69,"end":9326.97},{"text":"draft","start":9327.01,"end":9327.33},{"text":"conclusions","start":9327.33,"end":9327.73},{"text":"adopted","start":9327.73,"end":9328.05},{"text":"at","start":9328.05,"end":9328.13},{"text":"the","start":9328.13,"end":9328.21},{"text":"first","start":9328.21,"end":9328.53},{"text":"reading","start":9328.53,"end":9329.17},{"text":"have","start":9329.33,"end":9329.57},{"text":"elements","start":9329.57,"end":9330.01},{"text":"that","start":9330.01,"end":9330.13},{"text":"we","start":9330.13,"end":9330.21},{"text":"still","start":9330.21,"end":9330.41},{"text":"disagree","start":9330.41,"end":9331.01},{"text":"with,","start":9331.01,"end":9331.41},{"text":"for","start":9331.73,"end":9331.89},{"text":"example,","start":9331.89,"end":9332.41},{"text":"the","start":9332.41,"end":9332.49},{"text":"mention","start":9332.49,"end":9332.89},{"text":"of","start":9332.89,"end":9333.01},{"text":"gender","start":9333.01,"end":9333.33},{"text":"diversity","start":9333.33,"end":9334.13},{"text":"as","start":9334.13,"end":9334.29},{"text":"a","start":9334.29,"end":9334.37},{"text":"criteria","start":9334.37,"end":9334.93},{"text":"for","start":9334.93,"end":9335.09},{"text":"assessing","start":9335.09,"end":9335.73},{"text":"the","start":9335.73,"end":9335.85},{"text":"representativeness","start":9335.85,"end":9337.09},{"text":"of","start":9337.09,"end":9337.17},{"text":"doctrine,","start":9337.17,"end":9337.81},{"text":"we","start":9338.13,"end":9338.45},{"text":"believe","start":9338.45,"end":9339.01},{"text":"that","start":9339.25,"end":9339.57},{"text":"they","start":9339.57,"end":9339.81},{"text":"are","start":9339.81,"end":9340.13},{"text":"a","start":9340.13,"end":9340.21},{"text":"good","start":9340.21,"end":9340.53},{"text":"basis","start":9340.53,"end":9341.09},{"text":"to","start":9341.09,"end":9341.29},{"text":"prepare","start":9341.41,"end":9341.97},{"text":"for","start":9341.97,"end":9342.17},{"text":"a","start":9342.17,"end":9342.21},{"text":"good","start":9342.21,"end":9342.45},{"text":"quality","start":9342.45,"end":9343.17},{"text":"final","start":9343.41,"end":9343.73},{"text":"product","start":9343.73,"end":9344.13},{"text":"of","start":9344.13,"end":9344.21},{"text":"the","start":9344.21,"end":9344.33},{"text":"ILC","start":9344.37,"end":9345.05},{"text":"on","start":9345.05,"end":9345.21},{"text":"subsidiary","start":9345.21,"end":9345.73},{"text":"means.","start":9345.73,"end":9346.29}]},{"text":"As regards the comments to the draft conclusions, the Russian Federation will endeavour to send to the UN Secretary its comments by the deadline of 1 December.","start":9346.93,"end":9356.53,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"As","start":9346.93,"end":9347.25},{"text":"regards","start":9347.25,"end":9347.65},{"text":"the","start":9347.65,"end":9347.77},{"text":"comments","start":9347.81,"end":9348.41},{"text":"to","start":9348.41,"end":9348.53},{"text":"the","start":9348.53,"end":9348.65},{"text":"draft","start":9348.65,"end":9348.93},{"text":"conclusions,","start":9348.93,"end":9349.37},{"text":"the","start":9349.37,"end":9349.45},{"text":"Russian","start":9349.45,"end":9349.69},{"text":"Federation","start":9349.69,"end":9350.37},{"text":"will","start":9350.69,"end":9351.01},{"text":"endeavour","start":9351.01,"end":9351.49},{"text":"to","start":9351.49,"end":9351.61},{"text":"send","start":9351.61,"end":9351.97},{"text":"to","start":9351.97,"end":9352.13},{"text":"the","start":9352.13,"end":9352.21},{"text":"UN","start":9352.21,"end":9352.37},{"text":"Secretary","start":9352.37,"end":9352.97},{"text":"its","start":9352.97,"end":9353.13},{"text":"comments","start":9353.13,"end":9353.65},{"text":"by","start":9353.65,"end":9353.89},{"text":"the","start":9353.89,"end":9354.01},{"text":"deadline","start":9354.01,"end":9354.53},{"text":"of","start":9354.81,"end":9355.09},{"text":"1","start":9355.09,"end":9355.21},{"text":"December.","start":9355.89,"end":9356.53}]},{"text":"Mr. Chair, we are also intending to submit our opinion on settlement of disputes to which international organizations are parties.","start":9357.89,"end":9366.61,"topics":[{"key":"international-organization-disputes","label":"Dispute Settlement Involving International Organizations","description":"Speakers discussed guidelines for resolving disputes involving international organizations, States, and private parties, particularly the relationship between organizational immunity and effective access to justice. They considered the choice of judicial and alternative settlement mechanisms, party autonomy, power imbalances, and safeguards for impartiality and due process."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":9357.89,"end":9358.37},{"text":"Chair,","start":9358.69,"end":9359.01},{"text":"we","start":9359.65,"end":9360.05},{"text":"are","start":9360.05,"end":9360.25},{"text":"also","start":9360.29,"end":9360.65},{"text":"intending","start":9360.65,"end":9361.17},{"text":"to","start":9361.17,"end":9361.37},{"text":"submit","start":9361.41,"end":9362.13},{"text":"our","start":9362.77,"end":9362.93},{"text":"opinion","start":9362.93,"end":9363.25},{"text":"on","start":9363.25,"end":9363.41},{"text":"settlement","start":9363.41,"end":9363.81},{"text":"of","start":9363.81,"end":9363.89},{"text":"disputes","start":9363.89,"end":9364.29},{"text":"to","start":9364.29,"end":9364.37},{"text":"which","start":9364.37,"end":9364.61},{"text":"international","start":9364.61,"end":9365.09},{"text":"organizations","start":9365.09,"end":9365.73},{"text":"are","start":9365.73,"end":9365.81},{"text":"parties.","start":9365.81,"end":9366.61}]},{"text":"We are grateful to the Special Rapporteur, Mr. Reichen, for the extremely extensive research undertaken and the impressive quality and scope of the reports and bibliography.","start":9367.37,"end":9378.01,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":9367.37,"end":9367.53},{"text":"are","start":9367.53,"end":9367.61},{"text":"grateful","start":9367.69,"end":9368.01},{"text":"to","start":9368.01,"end":9368.09},{"text":"the","start":9368.09,"end":9368.21},{"text":"Special","start":9368.21,"end":9368.49},{"text":"Rapporteur,","start":9368.49,"end":9369.05},{"text":"Mr.","start":9369.05,"end":9369.57},{"text":"Reichen,","start":9369.57,"end":9370.09},{"text":"for","start":9370.41,"end":9371.01},{"text":"the","start":9371.13,"end":9371.33},{"text":"extremely","start":9371.37,"end":9372.49},{"text":"extensive","start":9372.61,"end":9373.49},{"text":"research","start":9373.49,"end":9374.01},{"text":"undertaken","start":9374.01,"end":9374.65},{"text":"and","start":9374.65,"end":9374.85},{"text":"the","start":9374.85,"end":9374.93},{"text":"impressive","start":9374.93,"end":9375.29},{"text":"quality","start":9375.29,"end":9375.61},{"text":"and","start":9375.61,"end":9375.77},{"text":"scope","start":9375.77,"end":9376.13},{"text":"of","start":9376.17,"end":9376.33},{"text":"the","start":9376.33,"end":9376.53},{"text":"reports","start":9376.65,"end":9377.13},{"text":"and","start":9377.13,"end":9377.25},{"text":"bibliography.","start":9377.25,"end":9378.01}]},{"text":"The topic of disputes to which international organizations are parties are directly linked to the work of the ILC on the responsibility of international organization warranting a priority consideration in the Sixth Committee of the UN.","start":9378.73,"end":9391.61,"topics":[{"key":"international-organization-disputes","label":"Dispute Settlement Involving International Organizations","description":"Speakers discussed guidelines for resolving disputes involving international organizations, States, and private parties, particularly the relationship between organizational immunity and effective access to justice. 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They considered the choice of judicial and alternative settlement mechanisms, party autonomy, power imbalances, and safeguards for impartiality and due process."}],"words":[{"text":"There","start":9469.53,"end":9469.77},{"text":"have","start":9469.77,"end":9469.89},{"text":"been","start":9469.89,"end":9470.01},{"text":"cases","start":9470.01,"end":9470.41},{"text":"of","start":9470.41,"end":9470.49},{"text":"lawsuits","start":9470.49,"end":9470.97},{"text":"being","start":9470.97,"end":9471.21},{"text":"brought","start":9471.21,"end":9471.45},{"text":"by","start":9471.45,"end":9471.61},{"text":"our","start":9471.61,"end":9471.77},{"text":"citizens","start":9471.77,"end":9472.57},{"text":"against","start":9472.81,"end":9473.17},{"text":"international","start":9473.17,"end":9473.65},{"text":"organization,","start":9473.65,"end":9474.25},{"text":"including","start":9474.25,"end":9474.97},{"text":"against","start":9475.29,"end":9475.77},{"text":"those","start":9475.77,"end":9476.01},{"text":"who","start":9476.01,"end":9476.17},{"text":"ceased","start":9476.17,"end":9476.65},{"text":"work","start":9476.65,"end":9476.97},{"text":"in","start":9476.97,"end":9477.21},{"text":"Russia","start":9477.21,"end":9477.45},{"text":"for","start":9477.45,"end":9477.61},{"text":"political","start":9477.61,"end":9478.01},{"text":"reasons,","start":9478.01,"end":9478.73},{"text":"inter","start":9480.73,"end":9481.09},{"text":"alia,","start":9481.09,"end":9481.37},{"text":"that","start":9481.37,"end":9481.61},{"text":"is,","start":9481.61,"end":9481.89},{"text":"for","start":9481.89,"end":9482.01},{"text":"political","start":9482.01,"end":9482.57},{"text":"reasons.","start":9482.97,"end":9483.61}]},{"text":"We note that the draft guidelines have the issue of access to justice, and this is particularly relevant.","start":9484.25,"end":9493.53,"topics":[{"key":"international-organization-disputes","label":"Dispute Settlement Involving International Organizations","description":"Speakers discussed guidelines for resolving disputes involving international organizations, States, and private parties, particularly the relationship between organizational immunity and effective access to justice. 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Views differed on the Commission’s decision to discontinue the topic, with some supporting caution and others emphasizing unresolved succession issues and the need for further legal guidance."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":9555.49,"end":9555.65},{"text":"finally,","start":9555.65,"end":9555.97},{"text":"just","start":9555.97,"end":9556.13},{"text":"a","start":9556.13,"end":9556.17},{"text":"few","start":9556.17,"end":9556.37},{"text":"words","start":9556.37,"end":9556.73},{"text":"about","start":9556.77,"end":9557.41},{"text":"the","start":9557.41,"end":9557.53},{"text":"succession","start":9557.53,"end":9557.97},{"text":"of","start":9557.97,"end":9558.05},{"text":"states","start":9558.05,"end":9558.25},{"text":"and","start":9558.25,"end":9558.37},{"text":"the","start":9558.37,"end":9558.45},{"text":"respect","start":9558.45,"end":9558.77},{"text":"of","start":9558.77,"end":9558.85},{"text":"state","start":9558.85,"end":9559.05},{"text":"responsibility.","start":9559.05,"end":9560.21}]},{"text":"The chair of the working group, Mr. Patel, was responsible and professional in his approach to this topic.","start":9560.21,"end":9566.05,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":9560.21,"end":9560.29},{"text":"chair","start":9560.29,"end":9560.57},{"text":"of","start":9560.57,"end":9560.65},{"text":"the","start":9560.65,"end":9560.73},{"text":"working","start":9560.77,"end":9561.09},{"text":"group,","start":9561.17,"end":9561.41},{"text":"Mr.","start":9561.41,"end":9561.65},{"text":"Patel,","start":9561.65,"end":9562.05},{"text":"was","start":9562.93,"end":9563.25},{"text":"responsible","start":9563.33,"end":9563.97},{"text":"and","start":9563.97,"end":9564.09},{"text":"professional","start":9564.09,"end":9564.69},{"text":"in","start":9564.69,"end":9564.93},{"text":"his","start":9564.93,"end":9565.09},{"text":"approach","start":9565.09,"end":9565.33},{"text":"to","start":9565.33,"end":9565.41},{"text":"this","start":9565.41,"end":9565.57},{"text":"topic.","start":9565.57,"end":9566.05}]},{"text":"The report of the working group reflects the compelling reasons according to which continuing ILC's work on this issue does not appear to be possible.","start":9566.53,"end":9574.93,"topics":[{"key":"state-succession-responsibility","label":"State Succession and State Responsibility","description":"Delegations considered whether and how responsibility for internationally wrongful acts carries over following State succession, noting limited, diverse, and context-specific State practice. 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you very much indeed.","start":9610.89,"end":9611.73,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":9610.89,"end":9611.05},{"text":"you","start":9611.05,"end":9611.13},{"text":"very","start":9611.13,"end":9611.29},{"text":"much","start":9611.29,"end":9611.41},{"text":"indeed.","start":9611.41,"end":9611.73}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"RUS","group":null,"function":null,"affiliation_full":"Russian Federation"}},{"statement_number":48,"start":9615.97,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c6/81/34?lang=en&t=2:40:16","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Now I would like to give the floor to the distinguished representative of Japan.","start":9615.97,"end":9619.17,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Now","start":9615.97,"end":9616.17},{"text":"I","start":9616.17,"end":9616.21},{"text":"would","start":9616.21,"end":9616.33},{"text":"like","start":9616.33,"end":9616.61},{"text":"to","start":9616.61,"end":9616.69},{"text":"give","start":9616.69,"end":9616.85},{"text":"the","start":9616.85,"end":9616.93},{"text":"floor","start":9616.93,"end":9617.29},{"text":"to","start":9617.29,"end":9617.37},{"text":"the","start":9617.37,"end":9617.45},{"text":"distinguished","start":9617.45,"end":9617.93},{"text":"representative","start":9617.93,"end":9618.45},{"text":"of","start":9618.45,"end":9618.53},{"text":"Japan.","start":9618.53,"end":9619.17}]},{"text":"The floor is yours.","start":9619.41,"end":9620.37,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":9619.41,"end":9619.53},{"text":"floor","start":9619.53,"end":9619.81},{"text":"is","start":9619.81,"end":9619.89},{"text":"yours.","start":9619.89,"end":9620.37}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"6th Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair","affiliation_full":"6th Committee"}},{"statement_number":49,"start":9621.97,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c6/81/34?lang=en&t=2:40:22","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Mr. Chair.","start":9621.97,"end":9623.09,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":9621.97,"end":9622.21},{"text":"you,","start":9622.21,"end":9622.33},{"text":"Mr.","start":9622.33,"end":9622.69},{"text":"Chair.","start":9622.69,"end":9623.09}]},{"text":"On behalf of the delegation of Japan, I have the honor to address cluster two with specific focus on the topic of subsidiary means for the determination of rules of international law.","start":9623.41,"end":9635.25,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"On","start":9623.41,"end":9623.49},{"text":"behalf","start":9623.49,"end":9623.97},{"text":"of","start":9623.97,"end":9624.05},{"text":"the","start":9624.05,"end":9624.25},{"text":"delegation","start":9624.25,"end":9624.69},{"text":"of","start":9624.69,"end":9624.77},{"text":"Japan,","start":9624.77,"end":9625.41},{"text":"I","start":9625.65,"end":9625.81},{"text":"have","start":9625.81,"end":9625.97},{"text":"the","start":9625.97,"end":9626.09},{"text":"honor","start":9626.09,"end":9626.45},{"text":"to","start":9626.45,"end":9626.65},{"text":"address","start":9626.73,"end":9627.25},{"text":"cluster","start":9627.33,"end":9627.77},{"text":"two","start":9627.77,"end":9628.21},{"text":"with","start":9628.29,"end":9628.53},{"text":"specific","start":9628.69,"end":9629.41},{"text":"focus","start":9629.41,"end":9629.97},{"text":"on","start":9629.97,"end":9630.37},{"text":"the","start":9630.37,"end":9630.45},{"text":"topic","start":9630.45,"end":9630.93},{"text":"of","start":9631.01,"end":9631.25},{"text":"subsidiary","start":9631.25,"end":9631.97},{"text":"means","start":9631.97,"end":9632.37},{"text":"for","start":9632.69,"end":9632.85},{"text":"the","start":9632.85,"end":9632.93},{"text":"determination","start":9632.93,"end":9633.65},{"text":"of","start":9633.65,"end":9633.89},{"text":"rules","start":9633.89,"end":9634.25},{"text":"of","start":9634.25,"end":9634.37},{"text":"international","start":9634.37,"end":9634.97},{"text":"law.","start":9634.97,"end":9635.25}]},{"text":"Japan welcomes the adoption on first reading of all 13 draft conclusions and commentary thereto, and commends the Special Rapporteur, Mr. Charles Jalloh, and the members of the Commission for their work.","start":9636.33,"end":9649.77,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. Discussion focused on assessing their weight, maintaining representativeness, distinguishing legal analysis from political positions, and avoiding a system of binding judicial precedent."}],"words":[{"text":"Japan","start":9636.33,"end":9636.65},{"text":"welcomes","start":9636.65,"end":9637.09},{"text":"the","start":9637.09,"end":9637.17},{"text":"adoption","start":9637.17,"end":9637.77},{"text":"on","start":9637.77,"end":9638.01},{"text":"first","start":9638.01,"end":9638.41},{"text":"reading","start":9638.41,"end":9638.81},{"text":"of","start":9638.89,"end":9639.05},{"text":"all","start":9639.05,"end":9639.37},{"text":"13","start":9639.37,"end":9639.89},{"text":"draft","start":9639.89,"end":9640.25},{"text":"conclusions","start":9640.25,"end":9641.05},{"text":"and","start":9641.05,"end":9641.21},{"text":"commentary","start":9641.21,"end":9641.69},{"text":"thereto,","start":9641.69,"end":9642.25},{"text":"and","start":9642.89,"end":9643.13},{"text":"commends","start":9643.13,"end":9643.69},{"text":"the","start":9643.77,"end":9643.97},{"text":"Special","start":9643.97,"end":9644.33},{"text":"Rapporteur,","start":9644.33,"end":9644.97},{"text":"Mr.","start":9645.21,"end":9645.61},{"text":"Charles","start":9645.61,"end":9645.89},{"text":"Jalloh,","start":9645.93,"end":9646.41},{"text":"and","start":9646.81,"end":9647.09},{"text":"the","start":9647.09,"end":9647.21},{"text":"members","start":9647.21,"end":9647.69},{"text":"of","start":9647.69,"end":9647.77},{"text":"the","start":9647.77,"end":9647.89},{"text":"Commission","start":9647.89,"end":9648.49},{"text":"for","start":9648.81,"end":9649.13},{"text":"their","start":9649.13,"end":9649.37},{"text":"work.","start":9649.37,"end":9649.77}]},{"text":"Japan wishes to offer two observations on this topic.","start":9650.65,"end":9654.17,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Japan","start":9650.65,"end":9651.05},{"text":"wishes","start":9651.05,"end":9651.41},{"text":"to","start":9651.41,"end":9651.61},{"text":"offer","start":9651.61,"end":9651.97},{"text":"two","start":9651.97,"end":9652.41},{"text":"observations","start":9652.41,"end":9653.21},{"text":"on","start":9653.21,"end":9653.45},{"text":"this","start":9653.45,"end":9653.65},{"text":"topic.","start":9653.65,"end":9654.17}]},{"text":"First, the scope of subsidiary means should remain grounded in Article 38, paragraph 1(d), of the Statute of the International Court of Justice.","start":9655.29,"end":9667.49,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. 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have concluded the first reading.","start":9798.05,"end":9800.21,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":9798.05,"end":9798.13},{"text":"have","start":9798.13,"end":9798.25},{"text":"concluded","start":9798.25,"end":9799.01},{"text":"the","start":9799.29,"end":9799.41},{"text":"first","start":9799.49,"end":9799.89},{"text":"reading.","start":9799.89,"end":9800.21}]},{"text":"My delegation adopts Mr. Chairman, on the subsidiary means for the determination of the rules of international law.","start":9800.53,"end":9809.01,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. 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Discussion focused on assessing their weight, maintaining representativeness, distinguishing legal analysis from political positions, and avoiding a system of binding judicial precedent."}],"words":[{"text":"Its","start":9819.57,"end":9819.89},{"text":"usefulness","start":9820.05,"end":9820.69},{"text":"lies","start":9820.93,"end":9821.13},{"text":"in","start":9821.13,"end":9821.21},{"text":"the","start":9821.21,"end":9821.29},{"text":"fact","start":9821.29,"end":9821.53},{"text":"that","start":9821.53,"end":9821.65},{"text":"it","start":9821.65,"end":9821.77},{"text":"makes","start":9821.77,"end":9821.97},{"text":"it","start":9821.97,"end":9822.05},{"text":"possible","start":9822.05,"end":9822.37},{"text":"to","start":9822.37,"end":9822.49},{"text":"clarify","start":9822.49,"end":9822.89},{"text":"the","start":9822.89,"end":9822.97},{"text":"existence","start":9822.97,"end":9823.45},{"text":"and","start":9823.45,"end":9823.57},{"text":"the","start":9823.57,"end":9823.65},{"text":"content","start":9823.65,"end":9824.21},{"text":"of","start":9824.21,"end":9824.37},{"text":"those","start":9824.37,"end":9824.77},{"text":"rules,","start":9824.77,"end":9825.25},{"text":"favoring","start":9825.73,"end":9826.21},{"text":"consistency","start":9826.53,"end":9827.17},{"text":"in","start":9827.17,"end":9827.25},{"text":"its","start":9827.25,"end":9827.37},{"text":"interpretation","start":9827.37,"end":9828.01},{"text":"and","start":9828.01,"end":9828.13},{"text":"contributing","start":9828.13,"end":9828.69},{"text":"to","start":9828.69,"end":9828.81},{"text":"its","start":9828.81,"end":9828.93},{"text":"development.","start":9828.93,"end":9829.57}]},{"text":"Without that means undermining its capability.","start":9829.65,"end":9833.97,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Without","start":9829.65,"end":9830.05},{"text":"that","start":9830.05,"end":9830.37},{"text":"means","start":9830.77,"end":9831.25},{"text":"undermining","start":9832.73,"end":9833.17},{"text":"its","start":9833.17,"end":9833.33},{"text":"capability.","start":9833.33,"end":9833.97}]},{"text":"We are pleased to see the fact that the draft conclusion 3 expressly says that subsidiary means are not a source of international law, and that its function is to help in the determination of the rules.","start":9834.53,"end":9848.05,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. 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Discussion focused on assessing their weight, maintaining representativeness, distinguishing legal analysis from political positions, and avoiding a system of binding judicial precedent."}],"words":[{"text":"My","start":9848.97,"end":9849.09},{"text":"delegation","start":9849.09,"end":9849.45},{"text":"would","start":9849.45,"end":9849.57},{"text":"like","start":9849.57,"end":9849.69},{"text":"to","start":9849.69,"end":9849.77},{"text":"point","start":9849.77,"end":9850.25},{"text":"out","start":9850.57,"end":9850.65},{"text":"that","start":9850.65,"end":9851.13},{"text":"on","start":9851.13,"end":9851.37},{"text":"the","start":9851.37,"end":9851.49},{"text":"lack","start":9851.85,"end":9852.21},{"text":"of","start":9852.21,"end":9852.29},{"text":"hierarchy","start":9852.29,"end":9852.81},{"text":"between","start":9852.81,"end":9853.21},{"text":"judicial","start":9853.29,"end":9853.77},{"text":"decisions,","start":9853.77,"end":9854.33},{"text":"Colombia","start":9854.65,"end":9855.05},{"text":"observes","start":9855.13,"end":9855.73},{"text":"that","start":9855.73,"end":9855.93},{"text":"the","start":9855.93,"end":9856.01},{"text":"comment","start":9856.41,"end":9856.81},{"text":"in","start":9856.81,"end":9857.05},{"text":"draft","start":9857.13,"end":9857.41},{"text":"conclusion","start":9857.41,"end":9857.81},{"text":"5","start":9857.81,"end":9858.09},{"text":"clarifies","start":9858.33,"end":9858.81},{"text":"that","start":9858.81,"end":9858.97},{"text":"the","start":9858.97,"end":9859.05},{"text":"reference","start":9859.05,"end":9859.37},{"text":"to","start":9859.37,"end":9859.49},{"text":"the","start":9859.49,"end":9859.57},{"text":"International","start":9859.57,"end":9860.05},{"text":"Court","start":9860.05,"end":9860.21},{"text":"of","start":9860.21,"end":9860.29},{"text":"Justice","start":9860.29,"end":9860.65},{"text":"does","start":9860.97,"end":9861.21},{"text":"not","start":9861.21,"end":9861.53},{"text":"establish","start":9861.53,"end":9862.09},{"text":"a","start":9862.09,"end":9862.17},{"text":"hierarchy","start":9862.33,"end":9862.89},{"text":"compared","start":9863.13,"end":9863.45},{"text":"to","start":9863.45,"end":9863.53},{"text":"other","start":9863.53,"end":9863.69},{"text":"courts","start":9863.69,"end":9864.09},{"text":"and","start":9864.09,"end":9864.49},{"text":"international","start":9864.49,"end":9865.05},{"text":"tribunals.","start":9865.05,"end":9865.61}]},{"text":"Likewise, it says that in areas which are specialized, such as the law of the sea and human rights, the decisions of jurisdictional organs can have special importance.","start":9866.25,"end":9877.45,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. Discussion focused on assessing their weight, maintaining representativeness, distinguishing legal analysis from political positions, and avoiding a system of binding judicial precedent."}],"words":[{"text":"Likewise,","start":9866.25,"end":9866.81},{"text":"it","start":9867.21,"end":9867.61},{"text":"says","start":9867.61,"end":9867.93},{"text":"that","start":9867.93,"end":9868.25},{"text":"in","start":9869.21,"end":9869.77},{"text":"areas","start":9869.77,"end":9870.13},{"text":"which","start":9870.13,"end":9870.33},{"text":"are","start":9870.33,"end":9870.41},{"text":"specialized,","start":9870.41,"end":9870.93},{"text":"such","start":9870.93,"end":9871.05},{"text":"as","start":9871.05,"end":9871.13},{"text":"the","start":9871.13,"end":9871.21},{"text":"law","start":9871.21,"end":9871.29},{"text":"of","start":9871.29,"end":9871.37},{"text":"the","start":9871.37,"end":9871.49},{"text":"sea","start":9871.49,"end":9871.85},{"text":"and","start":9871.85,"end":9872.01},{"text":"human","start":9872.01,"end":9872.25},{"text":"rights,","start":9872.25,"end":9872.57},{"text":"the","start":9872.89,"end":9873.17},{"text":"decisions","start":9874.17,"end":9874.69},{"text":"of","start":9874.69,"end":9874.81},{"text":"jurisdictional","start":9874.81,"end":9875.53},{"text":"organs","start":9875.85,"end":9876.33},{"text":"can","start":9876.33,"end":9876.49},{"text":"have","start":9876.49,"end":9876.65},{"text":"special","start":9876.65,"end":9877.05},{"text":"importance.","start":9877.05,"end":9877.45}]},{"text":"We value positively this this clarification.","start":9877.53,"end":9879.77,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. Discussion focused on assessing their weight, maintaining representativeness, distinguishing legal analysis from political positions, and avoiding a system of binding judicial precedent."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":9877.53,"end":9877.77},{"text":"value","start":9877.77,"end":9878.09},{"text":"positively","start":9878.09,"end":9878.57},{"text":"this","start":9878.57,"end":9878.69},{"text":"this","start":9878.77,"end":9878.97},{"text":"clarification.","start":9879.05,"end":9879.77}]},{"text":"On the decisions of the national tribunals, we are pleased that paragraph 2 of the draft conclusion 5 includes now an explicit reference to international courts and tribunals in conjunction with what Colombia said with respect to the need to use adequate terminology with the corresponding terms in Spanish.","start":9880.41,"end":9901.29,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. Discussion focused on assessing their weight, maintaining representativeness, distinguishing legal analysis from political positions, and avoiding a system of binding judicial 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there are still a few questions that my delegation would be important to raise with a view to the second reading.","start":9901.29,"end":9908.25,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"However,","start":9901.29,"end":9901.77},{"text":"there","start":9901.93,"end":9902.09},{"text":"are","start":9902.09,"end":9902.17},{"text":"still","start":9902.17,"end":9902.41},{"text":"a","start":9902.41,"end":9902.49},{"text":"few","start":9902.49,"end":9902.65},{"text":"questions","start":9902.65,"end":9903.05},{"text":"that","start":9903.05,"end":9903.21},{"text":"my","start":9903.21,"end":9903.37},{"text":"delegation","start":9903.37,"end":9903.85},{"text":"would","start":9904.57,"end":9904.77},{"text":"be","start":9905.13,"end":9905.29},{"text":"important","start":9905.37,"end":9905.89},{"text":"to","start":9905.89,"end":9905.97},{"text":"raise","start":9905.97,"end":9906.33},{"text":"with","start":9906.97,"end":9907.21},{"text":"a","start":9907.21,"end":9907.25},{"text":"view","start":9907.25,"end":9907.45},{"text":"to","start":9907.45,"end":9907.53},{"text":"the","start":9907.53,"end":9907.61},{"text":"second","start":9907.61,"end":9907.89},{"text":"reading.","start":9907.89,"end":9908.25}]},{"text":"The expression \"in determined circumstances\", this includes the same idea as the expression \"when necessary\".","start":9908.81,"end":9917.69,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":9908.81,"end":9908.89},{"text":"expression","start":9908.89,"end":9909.45},{"text":"\"in","start":9909.61,"end":9909.85},{"text":"determined","start":9911.05,"end":9911.53},{"text":"circumstances\",","start":9911.53,"end":9912.41},{"text":"this","start":9912.97,"end":9913.37},{"text":"includes","start":9913.37,"end":9914.09},{"text":"the","start":9914.17,"end":9914.33},{"text":"same","start":9914.33,"end":9914.57},{"text":"idea","start":9914.57,"end":9914.97},{"text":"as","start":9915.13,"end":9915.33},{"text":"the","start":9915.33,"end":9915.41},{"text":"expression","start":9915.41,"end":9915.93},{"text":"\"when","start":9916.09,"end":9916.57},{"text":"necessary\".","start":9916.89,"end":9917.69}]},{"text":"Colombia believes that these two formulas are not necessarily equivalent.","start":9918.57,"end":9921.53,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Colombia","start":9918.57,"end":9918.97},{"text":"believes","start":9918.97,"end":9919.25},{"text":"that","start":9919.25,"end":9919.37},{"text":"these","start":9919.37,"end":9919.61},{"text":"two","start":9919.61,"end":9919.77},{"text":"formulas","start":9919.77,"end":9920.17},{"text":"are","start":9920.17,"end":9920.33},{"text":"not","start":9920.33,"end":9920.49},{"text":"necessarily","start":9920.49,"end":9920.93},{"text":"equivalent.","start":9920.93,"end":9921.53}]},{"text":"We suggest that we use the expression \"when necessary\" or \"when appropriate\", which is more consolidated.","start":9924.49,"end":9932.25,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":9924.49,"end":9924.73},{"text":"suggest","start":9924.73,"end":9925.37},{"text":"that","start":9925.37,"end":9925.61},{"text":"we","start":9925.61,"end":9925.77},{"text":"use","start":9925.77,"end":9926.09},{"text":"the","start":9926.09,"end":9926.17},{"text":"expression","start":9926.17,"end":9926.81},{"text":"\"when","start":9927.05,"end":9927.61},{"text":"necessary\"","start":9928.01,"end":9928.73},{"text":"or","start":9928.73,"end":9928.81},{"text":"\"when","start":9928.81,"end":9928.97},{"text":"appropriate\",","start":9928.97,"end":9929.53},{"text":"which","start":9929.69,"end":9929.93},{"text":"is","start":9929.93,"end":9930.09},{"text":"more","start":9930.09,"end":9930.41},{"text":"consolidated.","start":9931.45,"end":9932.25}]},{"text":"Otherwise, it's important to point out the circumstances that the drafters are referring to.","start":9932.65,"end":9936.29,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Otherwise,","start":9932.65,"end":9932.97},{"text":"it's","start":9932.97,"end":9933.21},{"text":"important","start":9933.21,"end":9933.69},{"text":"to","start":9934.01,"end":9934.17},{"text":"point","start":9934.17,"end":9934.45},{"text":"out","start":9934.45,"end":9934.53},{"text":"the","start":9934.53,"end":9934.61},{"text":"circumstances","start":9934.65,"end":9935.29},{"text":"that","start":9935.29,"end":9935.41},{"text":"the","start":9935.41,"end":9935.49},{"text":"drafters","start":9935.49,"end":9935.81},{"text":"are","start":9935.81,"end":9935.89},{"text":"referring","start":9935.89,"end":9936.17},{"text":"to.","start":9936.17,"end":9936.29}]},{"text":"In Colombia's opinion, the decisions of the national tribunals could be particularly useful when it makes it possible to identify or to clarify the position of a State with respect to international law, as well as the relationship between these and domestic law.","start":9936.29,"end":9950.41,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. 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They considered the choice of judicial and alternative settlement mechanisms, party autonomy, power imbalances, and safeguards for impartiality and due process."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":10033.29,"end":10033.49},{"text":"for","start":10033.49,"end":10033.69},{"text":"the","start":10033.69,"end":10033.81},{"text":"draft","start":10034.01,"end":10034.41},{"text":"guideline","start":10034.73,"end":10035.13},{"text":"6,","start":10035.13,"end":10035.45},{"text":"we","start":10035.69,"end":10036.01},{"text":"are","start":10036.01,"end":10036.09},{"text":"in","start":10036.09,"end":10036.17},{"text":"favour","start":10036.41,"end":10036.81},{"text":"of","start":10036.85,"end":10037.13},{"text":"including","start":10037.13,"end":10037.77},{"text":"due","start":10038.09,"end":10038.29},{"text":"process","start":10038.29,"end":10038.81},{"text":"with","start":10039.05,"end":10039.25},{"text":"the","start":10039.25,"end":10039.33},{"text":"guarantees","start":10039.33,"end":10039.69},{"text":"of","start":10039.69,"end":10039.77},{"text":"independence","start":10039.77,"end":10040.21},{"text":"and","start":10040.65,"end":10040.81},{"text":"impartiality.","start":10040.81,"end":10041.69}]},{"text":"Colombia welcomes, in particular, the incorporation of a third part devoted to the settlement of disputes between international organizations and private individuals.","start":10042.09,"end":10051.77,"topics":[{"key":"international-organization-disputes","label":"Dispute Settlement Involving International Organizations","description":"Speakers discussed guidelines for resolving disputes involving international organizations, States, and private parties, particularly the relationship between organizational immunity and effective access to justice. 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you very much, Mr. Chairman.","start":10133.57,"end":10134.85,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":10133.57,"end":10133.77},{"text":"you","start":10133.77,"end":10133.85},{"text":"very","start":10133.85,"end":10134.01},{"text":"much,","start":10134.01,"end":10134.21},{"text":"Mr.","start":10134.21,"end":10134.45},{"text":"Chairman.","start":10134.45,"end":10134.85}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"COL","group":null,"function":null,"affiliation_full":"Colombia"}},{"statement_number":52,"start":10137.85,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c6/81/34?lang=en&t=2:48:58","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of Colombia for her statement, and now I would like to give the floor to the distinguished representative of Czechia, followed by New 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The Czech Republic welcomes the successful completion of the first reading of the entire set of draft conclusions on subsidiary means for the determination of the rules of international law and expresses its appreciation to the Commission and the Special Rapporteur, Mr. Charles Chernor Djaloch, for their work on this topic.","start":10159.05,"end":10180.53,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. Discussion focused on assessing their weight, maintaining representativeness, distinguishing legal analysis from political positions, and avoiding a system of binding judicial precedent."}],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":10159.05,"end":10159.21},{"text":"you,","start":10159.21,"end":10159.33},{"text":"Mr.","start":10159.33,"end":10159.65},{"text":"Chair.","start":10159.65,"end":10159.97},{"text":"The","start":10160.21,"end":10160.37},{"text":"Czech","start":10160.37,"end":10160.61},{"text":"Republic","start":10160.61,"end":10161.09},{"text":"welcomes","start":10161.09,"end":10161.65},{"text":"the","start":10161.65,"end":10161.77},{"text":"successful","start":10161.77,"end":10162.37},{"text":"completion","start":10162.37,"end":10163.17},{"text":"of","start":10163.17,"end":10163.29},{"text":"the","start":10163.29,"end":10163.41},{"text":"first","start":10163.41,"end":10163.81},{"text":"reading","start":10163.81,"end":10164.25},{"text":"of","start":10164.25,"end":10164.45},{"text":"the","start":10164.45,"end":10164.53},{"text":"entire","start":10164.61,"end":10165.09},{"text":"set","start":10165.09,"end":10165.49},{"text":"of","start":10165.49,"end":10165.65},{"text":"draft","start":10165.65,"end":10165.97},{"text":"conclusions","start":10165.97,"end":10166.69},{"text":"on","start":10166.69,"end":10166.93},{"text":"subsidiary","start":10166.93,"end":10167.69},{"text":"means","start":10167.69,"end":10168.05},{"text":"for","start":10168.05,"end":10168.25},{"text":"the","start":10168.25,"end":10168.37},{"text":"determination","start":10168.77,"end":10169.73},{"text":"of","start":10169.73,"end":10169.89},{"text":"the","start":10169.89,"end":10170.01},{"text":"rules","start":10170.01,"end":10170.45},{"text":"of","start":10170.45,"end":10170.61},{"text":"international","start":10170.61,"end":10171.53},{"text":"law","start":10171.53,"end":10171.61},{"text":"and","start":10171.89,"end":10172.13},{"text":"expresses","start":10172.13,"end":10172.77},{"text":"its","start":10172.77,"end":10173.09},{"text":"appreciation","start":10173.09,"end":10174.13},{"text":"to","start":10174.13,"end":10174.25},{"text":"the","start":10174.25,"end":10174.37},{"text":"Commission","start":10174.37,"end":10175.01},{"text":"and","start":10175.01,"end":10175.21},{"text":"the","start":10175.21,"end":10175.33},{"text":"Special","start":10175.33,"end":10175.73},{"text":"Rapporteur,","start":10175.73,"end":10176.37},{"text":"Mr.","start":10176.61,"end":10177.01},{"text":"Charles","start":10177.01,"end":10177.49},{"text":"Chernor","start":10177.49,"end":10177.97},{"text":"Djaloch,","start":10177.97,"end":10178.53},{"text":"for","start":10178.85,"end":10179.09},{"text":"their","start":10179.09,"end":10179.33},{"text":"work","start":10179.33,"end":10179.65},{"text":"on","start":10179.65,"end":10179.81},{"text":"this","start":10179.81,"end":10179.97},{"text":"topic.","start":10179.97,"end":10180.53}]},{"text":"In accordance with the Commission's request, we intend to provide our written comments on the draft conclusions.","start":10180.93,"end":10187.01,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":10180.93,"end":10181.09},{"text":"accordance","start":10181.09,"end":10181.73},{"text":"with","start":10181.73,"end":10181.93},{"text":"the","start":10181.93,"end":10182.01},{"text":"Commission's","start":10182.01,"end":10182.65},{"text":"request,","start":10182.65,"end":10183.25},{"text":"we","start":10183.25,"end":10183.41},{"text":"intend","start":10183.41,"end":10183.85},{"text":"to","start":10183.85,"end":10183.97},{"text":"provide","start":10183.97,"end":10184.45},{"text":"our","start":10184.45,"end":10184.81},{"text":"written","start":10184.81,"end":10185.09},{"text":"comments","start":10185.09,"end":10185.57},{"text":"on","start":10185.57,"end":10185.81},{"text":"the","start":10185.81,"end":10185.89},{"text":"draft","start":10185.89,"end":10186.17},{"text":"conclusions.","start":10186.17,"end":10187.01}]},{"text":"The Czech Republic continues to consider this topic to be of theoretical and practical importance, complementing previous outputs of the Commission dealing with sources of international law, namely identification of customary international law, subsequent agreements and subsequent practice in relation to the interpretation of treaties, peremptory norms of international law, and general principles of law.","start":10187.81,"end":10215.41,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. 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Discussion focused on assessing their weight, maintaining representativeness, distinguishing legal analysis from political positions, and avoiding a system of binding judicial precedent."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":10258.45,"end":10258.69},{"text":"this","start":10258.69,"end":10258.93},{"text":"respect,","start":10258.93,"end":10259.57},{"text":"draft","start":10259.73,"end":10260.05},{"text":"articles","start":10260.05,"end":10260.69},{"text":"4,","start":10260.69,"end":10261.17},{"text":"7","start":10261.17,"end":10261.65},{"text":"and","start":10261.65,"end":10261.77},{"text":"11","start":10261.77,"end":10262.01},{"text":"11","start":10262.09,"end":10262.45},{"text":"can","start":10262.61,"end":10262.85},{"text":"contribute","start":10262.85,"end":10263.49},{"text":"significantly","start":10263.49,"end":10264.41},{"text":"to","start":10264.41,"end":10264.57},{"text":"clarification","start":10264.57,"end":10265.65},{"text":"and","start":10265.65,"end":10265.89},{"text":"understanding","start":10265.89,"end":10266.77},{"text":"of","start":10266.77,"end":10266.93},{"text":"this","start":10266.93,"end":10267.17},{"text":"aspect","start":10267.17,"end":10267.69},{"text":"of","start":10267.69,"end":10267.81},{"text":"subsidiary","start":10267.81,"end":10268.57},{"text":"means.","start":10268.57,"end":10268.93}]},{"text":"In our previous statements, we paid attention, inter alia, to the role of teachings and welcome in this respect commentary on draft conclusion 8 addressing the issue of representativeness.","start":10269.41,"end":10282.61,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. Discussion focused on assessing their weight, maintaining representativeness, distinguishing legal analysis from political positions, and avoiding a system of binding judicial precedent."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":10269.41,"end":10269.65},{"text":"our","start":10269.65,"end":10269.89},{"text":"previous","start":10269.89,"end":10270.33},{"text":"statements,","start":10270.33,"end":10271.09},{"text":"we","start":10271.17,"end":10271.33},{"text":"paid","start":10271.33,"end":10271.65},{"text":"attention,","start":10271.65,"end":10272.37},{"text":"inter","start":10272.37,"end":10272.77},{"text":"alia,","start":10272.77,"end":10273.25},{"text":"to","start":10273.65,"end":10273.81},{"text":"the","start":10273.81,"end":10273.89},{"text":"role","start":10273.89,"end":10274.21},{"text":"of","start":10274.21,"end":10274.37},{"text":"teachings","start":10274.37,"end":10275.17},{"text":"and","start":10275.93,"end":10276.09},{"text":"welcome","start":10276.09,"end":10276.53},{"text":"in","start":10276.53,"end":10276.69},{"text":"this","start":10276.69,"end":10276.93},{"text":"respect","start":10276.93,"end":10277.49},{"text":"commentary","start":10277.49,"end":10278.13},{"text":"on","start":10278.13,"end":10278.29},{"text":"draft","start":10278.29,"end":10278.61},{"text":"conclusion","start":10278.61,"end":10279.33},{"text":"8","start":10279.33,"end":10279.65},{"text":"addressing","start":10279.97,"end":10280.53},{"text":"the","start":10280.53,"end":10280.61},{"text":"issue","start":10280.61,"end":10281.17},{"text":"of","start":10281.17,"end":10281.33},{"text":"representativeness.","start":10281.33,"end":10282.61}]},{"text":"At the same time, we remain of the opinion that the assessment of the representativeness should be limited primarily to the criterion of various legal systems and regions of the world, since it includes per se many other types of diversity.","start":10283.21,"end":10299.13,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. 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Discussion focused on assessing their weight, maintaining representativeness, distinguishing legal analysis from political positions, and avoiding a system of binding judicial precedent."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":10299.69,"end":10299.85},{"text":"most","start":10299.85,"end":10300.25},{"text":"innovative","start":10300.25,"end":10300.89},{"text":"aspect","start":10300.89,"end":10301.37},{"text":"of","start":10301.37,"end":10301.53},{"text":"the","start":10301.53,"end":10301.65},{"text":"draft","start":10301.65,"end":10301.93},{"text":"conclusions","start":10301.93,"end":10302.65},{"text":"seems","start":10302.65,"end":10303.05},{"text":"to","start":10303.05,"end":10303.25},{"text":"be","start":10303.25,"end":10303.45},{"text":"part","start":10303.45,"end":10303.77},{"text":"five,","start":10303.77,"end":10304.25},{"text":"dealing","start":10304.25,"end":10304.65},{"text":"with","start":10304.65,"end":10304.81},{"text":"other","start":10304.89,"end":10305.13},{"text":"means","start":10305.13,"end":10305.53},{"text":"which","start":10305.89,"end":10306.17},{"text":"may","start":10306.17,"end":10306.33},{"text":"be","start":10306.33,"end":10306.57},{"text":"used","start":10306.57,"end":10306.93},{"text":"to","start":10306.93,"end":10307.05},{"text":"assist","start":10307.05,"end":10307.61},{"text":"in","start":10307.93,"end":10308.09},{"text":"determining","start":10308.09,"end":10309.05},{"text":"rules","start":10309.13,"end":10309.61},{"text":"of","start":10309.61,"end":10309.85},{"text":"international","start":10309.85,"end":10310.81},{"text":"law,","start":10310.81,"end":10310.89},{"text":"namely","start":10311.21,"end":10311.85},{"text":"the","start":10312.01,"end":10312.25},{"text":"works","start":10312.25,"end":10312.61},{"text":"of","start":10312.61,"end":10312.81},{"text":"expert","start":10312.81,"end":10313.29},{"text":"bodies","start":10313.29,"end":10313.85},{"text":"and","start":10313.93,"end":10314.09},{"text":"the","start":10314.09,"end":10314.17},{"text":"resolutions","start":10314.17,"end":10314.93},{"text":"of","start":10314.93,"end":10315.13},{"text":"international","start":10315.13,"end":10315.93},{"text":"organizations","start":10315.93,"end":10316.89},{"text":"or","start":10316.89,"end":10317.13},{"text":"intergovernmental","start":10317.13,"end":10318.05},{"text":"conferences.","start":10318.05,"end":10319.05}]},{"text":"On previous occasions, we have already expressed certain preliminary suggestions and doubts on this, on some aspects of this part.","start":10319.61,"end":10328.57,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. Discussion focused on assessing their weight, maintaining representativeness, distinguishing legal analysis from political positions, and avoiding a system of binding judicial precedent."}],"words":[{"text":"On","start":10319.61,"end":10319.77},{"text":"previous","start":10319.77,"end":10320.33},{"text":"occasions,","start":10320.33,"end":10321.05},{"text":"we","start":10321.13,"end":10321.29},{"text":"have","start":10321.29,"end":10321.53},{"text":"already","start":10321.53,"end":10321.97},{"text":"expressed","start":10321.97,"end":10322.73},{"text":"certain","start":10322.73,"end":10323.29},{"text":"preliminary","start":10323.29,"end":10324.05},{"text":"suggestions","start":10324.05,"end":10324.97},{"text":"and","start":10325.21,"end":10325.49},{"text":"doubts","start":10325.49,"end":10325.93},{"text":"on","start":10325.93,"end":10326.13},{"text":"this,","start":10326.13,"end":10326.49},{"text":"on","start":10326.73,"end":10326.89},{"text":"some","start":10326.89,"end":10327.21},{"text":"aspects","start":10327.21,"end":10327.77},{"text":"of","start":10327.77,"end":10327.93},{"text":"this","start":10327.93,"end":10328.17},{"text":"part.","start":10328.17,"end":10328.57}]},{"text":"Our comments concern the relationship between teachings and works of expert bodies and the role of resolutions of international organizations and conferences as evidence of state practice or opinio juris, rather than subsidiary means.","start":10328.97,"end":10345.65,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. Discussion focused on assessing their weight, maintaining representativeness, distinguishing legal analysis from political positions, and avoiding a system of binding judicial precedent."}],"words":[{"text":"Our","start":10328.97,"end":10329.21},{"text":"comments","start":10329.21,"end":10329.77},{"text":"concern","start":10329.77,"end":10330.41},{"text":"the","start":10330.41,"end":10330.49},{"text":"relationship","start":10330.49,"end":10331.37},{"text":"between","start":10331.37,"end":10331.85},{"text":"teachings","start":10331.85,"end":10332.49},{"text":"and","start":10332.49,"end":10332.69},{"text":"works","start":10332.69,"end":10333.05},{"text":"of","start":10333.05,"end":10333.21},{"text":"expert","start":10333.21,"end":10333.69},{"text":"bodies","start":10333.69,"end":10334.17},{"text":"and","start":10334.49,"end":10334.69},{"text":"the","start":10334.69,"end":10334.77},{"text":"role","start":10334.77,"end":10335.13},{"text":"of","start":10335.13,"end":10335.45},{"text":"resolutions","start":10336.21,"end":10336.93},{"text":"of","start":10336.93,"end":10337.09},{"text":"international","start":10337.09,"end":10337.89},{"text":"organizations","start":10337.89,"end":10338.89},{"text":"and","start":10338.89,"end":10339.05},{"text":"conferences","start":10339.05,"end":10339.97},{"text":"as","start":10340.29,"end":10340.57},{"text":"evidence","start":10340.57,"end":10341.09},{"text":"of","start":10341.09,"end":10341.25},{"text":"state","start":10341.25,"end":10341.57},{"text":"practice","start":10341.57,"end":10342.21},{"text":"or","start":10342.21,"end":10342.53},{"text":"opinio","start":10342.53,"end":10343.17},{"text":"juris,","start":10343.17,"end":10343.65},{"text":"rather","start":10343.97,"end":10344.29},{"text":"than","start":10344.29,"end":10344.53},{"text":"subsidiary","start":10344.53,"end":10345.21},{"text":"means.","start":10345.21,"end":10345.65}]},{"text":"In this respect, we appreciate that the Commission devoted attention to these issues in detailed commentaries to relevant draft conclusions.","start":10345.97,"end":10354.69,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. Discussion focused on assessing their weight, maintaining representativeness, distinguishing legal analysis from political positions, and avoiding a system of binding judicial precedent."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":10345.97,"end":10346.13},{"text":"this","start":10346.13,"end":10346.37},{"text":"respect,","start":10346.37,"end":10346.93},{"text":"we","start":10347.01,"end":10347.25},{"text":"appreciate","start":10347.25,"end":10348.05},{"text":"that","start":10348.05,"end":10348.21},{"text":"the","start":10348.21,"end":10348.33},{"text":"Commission","start":10348.33,"end":10348.89},{"text":"devoted","start":10348.89,"end":10349.57},{"text":"attention","start":10349.57,"end":10350.21},{"text":"to","start":10350.21,"end":10350.33},{"text":"these","start":10350.33,"end":10350.61},{"text":"issues","start":10350.61,"end":10351.17},{"text":"in","start":10351.41,"end":10351.57},{"text":"detailed","start":10351.57,"end":10351.97},{"text":"commentaries","start":10351.97,"end":10352.77},{"text":"to","start":10352.77,"end":10352.93},{"text":"relevant","start":10352.93,"end":10353.45},{"text":"draft","start":10353.45,"end":10353.77},{"text":"conclusions.","start":10353.77,"end":10354.69}]},{"text":"Mr. Chair, now let me turn to the topic settlement of disputes to which international organizations are parties.","start":10355.33,"end":10363.17,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":10355.33,"end":10355.73},{"text":"Chair,","start":10355.73,"end":10356.13},{"text":"now","start":10357.01,"end":10357.25},{"text":"let","start":10357.25,"end":10357.45},{"text":"me","start":10357.45,"end":10357.65},{"text":"turn","start":10357.65,"end":10357.89},{"text":"to","start":10357.89,"end":10358.05},{"text":"the","start":10358.05,"end":10358.13},{"text":"topic","start":10358.13,"end":10358.69},{"text":"settlement","start":10358.69,"end":10359.33},{"text":"of","start":10359.33,"end":10359.49},{"text":"disputes","start":10359.49,"end":10360.13},{"text":"to","start":10360.13,"end":10360.29},{"text":"which","start":10360.29,"end":10360.53},{"text":"international","start":10360.53,"end":10361.33},{"text":"organizations","start":10361.33,"end":10362.29},{"text":"are","start":10362.29,"end":10362.45},{"text":"parties.","start":10362.45,"end":10363.17}]},{"text":"The Czech Republic would like to express its appreciation to the Commission and to the Special Rapporteur, Mr. August Reinisch, for their work on the topic and for successful adoption of the draft guidelines and commentaries on first reading.","start":10363.73,"end":10378.21,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":10363.73,"end":10363.81},{"text":"Czech","start":10363.81,"end":10364.05},{"text":"Republic","start":10364.05,"end":10364.61},{"text":"would","start":10364.61,"end":10364.77},{"text":"like","start":10364.77,"end":10365.01},{"text":"to","start":10365.01,"end":10365.17},{"text":"express","start":10365.17,"end":10365.73},{"text":"its","start":10365.73,"end":10366.01},{"text":"appreciation","start":10366.01,"end":10366.93},{"text":"to","start":10366.93,"end":10367.05},{"text":"the","start":10367.05,"end":10367.17},{"text":"Commission","start":10367.17,"end":10367.97},{"text":"and","start":10367.97,"end":10368.13},{"text":"to","start":10368.13,"end":10368.21},{"text":"the","start":10368.25,"end":10368.37},{"text":"Special","start":10368.37,"end":10368.85},{"text":"Rapporteur,","start":10368.85,"end":10369.49},{"text":"Mr.","start":10369.49,"end":10369.97},{"text":"August","start":10369.97,"end":10370.45},{"text":"Reinisch,","start":10370.45,"end":10371.01},{"text":"for","start":10371.41,"end":10371.61},{"text":"their","start":10371.61,"end":10371.89},{"text":"work","start":10371.89,"end":10372.29},{"text":"on","start":10372.29,"end":10372.45},{"text":"the","start":10372.45,"end":10372.61},{"text":"topic","start":10372.61,"end":10373.09},{"text":"and","start":10373.09,"end":10373.25},{"text":"for","start":10373.25,"end":10373.49},{"text":"successful","start":10373.49,"end":10374.21},{"text":"adoption","start":10374.29,"end":10374.93},{"text":"of","start":10374.93,"end":10375.09},{"text":"the","start":10375.09,"end":10375.25},{"text":"draft","start":10375.25,"end":10375.57},{"text":"guidelines","start":10375.57,"end":10376.21},{"text":"and","start":10376.21,"end":10376.45},{"text":"commentaries","start":10376.45,"end":10377.17},{"text":"on","start":10377.17,"end":10377.33},{"text":"first","start":10377.33,"end":10377.73},{"text":"reading.","start":10377.73,"end":10378.21}]},{"text":"As in the case of the previous topic, we intend to provide our written comments on the draft conclusions in writing.","start":10378.85,"end":10385.81,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"As","start":10378.85,"end":10379.09},{"text":"in","start":10379.09,"end":10379.25},{"text":"the","start":10379.25,"end":10379.37},{"text":"case","start":10379.37,"end":10379.89},{"text":"of","start":10379.89,"end":10380.05},{"text":"the","start":10380.05,"end":10380.13},{"text":"previous","start":10380.13,"end":10380.61},{"text":"topic,","start":10380.61,"end":10381.17},{"text":"we","start":10381.17,"end":10381.41},{"text":"intend","start":10381.41,"end":10381.93},{"text":"to","start":10381.93,"end":10382.09},{"text":"provide","start":10382.09,"end":10382.61},{"text":"our","start":10382.61,"end":10382.89},{"text":"written","start":10382.89,"end":10383.17},{"text":"comments","start":10383.17,"end":10383.73},{"text":"on","start":10383.73,"end":10383.89},{"text":"the","start":10383.89,"end":10383.97},{"text":"draft","start":10383.97,"end":10384.33},{"text":"conclusions","start":10384.33,"end":10385.01},{"text":"in","start":10385.01,"end":10385.25},{"text":"writing.","start":10385.25,"end":10385.81}]},{"text":"As we stated in previous years, we consider this topic to be of practical relevance for both States and international organizations.","start":10386.93,"end":10395.09,"topics":[{"key":"international-organization-disputes","label":"Dispute Settlement Involving International Organizations","description":"Speakers discussed guidelines for resolving disputes involving international organizations, States, and private parties, particularly the relationship between organizational immunity and effective access to justice. They considered the choice of judicial and alternative settlement mechanisms, party autonomy, power imbalances, and safeguards for impartiality and due process."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":10386.93,"end":10387.01},{"text":"we","start":10387.01,"end":10387.17},{"text":"stated","start":10387.17,"end":10387.65},{"text":"in","start":10387.65,"end":10387.81},{"text":"previous","start":10387.81,"end":10388.37},{"text":"years,","start":10388.37,"end":10388.77},{"text":"we","start":10389.17,"end":10389.33},{"text":"consider","start":10389.33,"end":10389.89},{"text":"this","start":10389.89,"end":10390.05},{"text":"topic","start":10390.05,"end":10390.45},{"text":"to","start":10390.45,"end":10390.57},{"text":"be","start":10390.57,"end":10390.77},{"text":"of","start":10390.77,"end":10390.93},{"text":"practical","start":10390.93,"end":10391.57},{"text":"relevance","start":10391.57,"end":10392.09},{"text":"for","start":10392.09,"end":10392.29},{"text":"both","start":10392.29,"end":10392.61},{"text":"States","start":10392.61,"end":10393.17},{"text":"and","start":10393.17,"end":10393.33},{"text":"international","start":10393.33,"end":10394.09},{"text":"organizations.","start":10394.09,"end":10395.09}]},{"text":"We continue to believe that the Commission’s work can make a valuable contribution to clarifying and systematizing the law and practice relating to disputes involving international organizations.","start":10395.49,"end":10409.25,"topics":[{"key":"international-organization-disputes","label":"Dispute Settlement Involving International Organizations","description":"Speakers discussed guidelines for resolving disputes involving international organizations, States, and private parties, particularly the relationship between organizational immunity and effective access to justice. They considered the choice of judicial and alternative settlement mechanisms, party autonomy, power imbalances, and safeguards for impartiality and due process."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":10395.49,"end":10395.73},{"text":"continue","start":10395.73,"end":10396.29},{"text":"to","start":10396.29,"end":10396.41},{"text":"believe","start":10396.41,"end":10396.93},{"text":"that","start":10396.93,"end":10397.13},{"text":"the","start":10397.13,"end":10397.33},{"text":"Commission’s","start":10397.49,"end":10398.05},{"text":"work","start":10398.05,"end":10398.41},{"text":"can","start":10398.41,"end":10398.61},{"text":"make","start":10398.61,"end":10398.93},{"text":"a","start":10398.93,"end":10398.97},{"text":"valuable","start":10398.97,"end":10399.49},{"text":"contribution","start":10399.49,"end":10400.45},{"text":"to","start":10400.45,"end":10400.53},{"text":"clarifying","start":10400.53,"end":10401.25},{"text":"and","start":10401.81,"end":10402.05},{"text":"systematizing","start":10402.21,"end":10403.25},{"text":"the","start":10403.73,"end":10403.93},{"text":"law","start":10403.93,"end":10404.21},{"text":"and","start":10404.21,"end":10404.37},{"text":"practice","start":10404.37,"end":10405.09},{"text":"relating","start":10405.17,"end":10405.73},{"text":"to","start":10405.73,"end":10405.85},{"text":"disputes","start":10405.85,"end":10406.45},{"text":"involving","start":10406.45,"end":10407.09},{"text":"international","start":10407.09,"end":10408.21},{"text":"organizations.","start":10408.21,"end":10409.25}]},{"text":"At the same time, we consider it important that the final product remains sufficiently practical and operational so as to provide meaningful guidance to its users.","start":10409.65,"end":10420.37,"topics":[{"key":"international-organization-disputes","label":"Dispute Settlement Involving International Organizations","description":"Speakers discussed guidelines for resolving disputes involving international organizations, States, and private parties, particularly the relationship between organizational immunity and effective access to justice. They considered the choice of judicial and alternative settlement mechanisms, party autonomy, power imbalances, and safeguards for impartiality and due process."}],"words":[{"text":"At","start":10409.65,"end":10409.77},{"text":"the","start":10409.77,"end":10409.97},{"text":"same","start":10409.97,"end":10410.29},{"text":"time,","start":10410.29,"end":10410.77},{"text":"we","start":10410.77,"end":10410.93},{"text":"consider","start":10410.93,"end":10411.49},{"text":"it","start":10411.49,"end":10411.65},{"text":"important","start":10411.65,"end":10412.41},{"text":"that","start":10412.41,"end":10412.57},{"text":"the","start":10412.57,"end":10412.69},{"text":"final","start":10412.69,"end":10413.09},{"text":"product","start":10413.09,"end":10413.65},{"text":"remains","start":10413.65,"end":10414.01},{"text":"sufficiently","start":10414.01,"end":10414.77},{"text":"practical","start":10414.77,"end":10415.41},{"text":"and","start":10415.41,"end":10415.65},{"text":"operational","start":10415.69,"end":10416.53},{"text":"so","start":10417.09,"end":10417.45},{"text":"as","start":10417.45,"end":10417.57},{"text":"to","start":10417.57,"end":10417.77},{"text":"provide","start":10417.77,"end":10418.21},{"text":"meaningful","start":10418.21,"end":10418.77},{"text":"guidance","start":10418.77,"end":10419.41},{"text":"to","start":10419.41,"end":10419.53},{"text":"its","start":10419.53,"end":10419.73},{"text":"users.","start":10419.73,"end":10420.37}]},{"text":"Mr. Chair, as we already stated in our previous interventions on this topic, we welcome the Commission's decision to address disputes between international organizations and private parties.","start":10420.77,"end":10432.93,"topics":[{"key":"international-organization-disputes","label":"Dispute Settlement Involving International Organizations","description":"Speakers discussed guidelines for resolving disputes involving international organizations, States, and private parties, particularly the relationship between organizational immunity and effective access to justice. 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They considered the choice of judicial and alternative settlement mechanisms, party autonomy, power imbalances, and safeguards for impartiality and due process."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":10587.89,"end":10588.13},{"text":"furthermore","start":10588.13,"end":10588.69},{"text":"note","start":10588.69,"end":10589.17},{"text":"with","start":10589.25,"end":10589.49},{"text":"interest","start":10589.49,"end":10589.97},{"text":"draft","start":10589.97,"end":10590.37},{"text":"guideline","start":10590.85,"end":10591.41},{"text":"12","start":10591.41,"end":10591.97},{"text":"concerning","start":10592.37,"end":10593.01},{"text":"procedural","start":10593.01,"end":10593.81},{"text":"rule","start":10593.89,"end":10594.25},{"text":"of","start":10594.25,"end":10594.37},{"text":"law","start":10594.37,"end":10594.69},{"text":"and","start":10594.73,"end":10594.93},{"text":"human","start":10594.93,"end":10595.33},{"text":"rights","start":10595.33,"end":10595.65},{"text":"requirements.","start":10595.65,"end":10596.53}]},{"text":"We agree that independence and impartiality of adjudicators and due process constitute fundamental elements of any adjudicatory mechanisms.","start":10596.97,"end":10607.61,"topics":[{"key":"international-organization-disputes","label":"Dispute Settlement Involving International Organizations","description":"Speakers discussed guidelines for resolving disputes involving international organizations, States, and private parties, particularly the relationship between organizational immunity and effective access to justice. They considered the choice of judicial and alternative settlement mechanisms, party autonomy, power imbalances, and safeguards for impartiality and due process."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":10596.97,"end":10597.21},{"text":"agree","start":10597.21,"end":10597.69},{"text":"that","start":10597.77,"end":10598.01},{"text":"independence","start":10598.01,"end":10598.89},{"text":"and","start":10598.89,"end":10599.09},{"text":"impartiality","start":10599.09,"end":10600.09},{"text":"of","start":10600.09,"end":10600.33},{"text":"adjudicators","start":10600.33,"end":10601.53},{"text":"and","start":10601.93,"end":10602.21},{"text":"due","start":10602.21,"end":10602.41},{"text":"process","start":10602.41,"end":10602.97},{"text":"constitute","start":10602.97,"end":10603.61},{"text":"fundamental","start":10603.61,"end":10604.41},{"text":"elements","start":10604.41,"end":10604.97},{"text":"of","start":10605.01,"end":10605.21},{"text":"any","start":10605.21,"end":10605.61},{"text":"adjudicatory","start":10605.61,"end":10606.57},{"text":"mechanisms.","start":10606.81,"end":10607.61}]},{"text":"At the same time, the Commentary explained that these references are illustrative rather than exhaustive.","start":10608.41,"end":10614.49,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"At","start":10608.41,"end":10608.49},{"text":"the","start":10608.49,"end":10608.65},{"text":"same","start":10608.65,"end":10608.89},{"text":"time,","start":10608.89,"end":10609.29},{"text":"the","start":10609.29,"end":10609.41},{"text":"Commentary","start":10609.41,"end":10610.05},{"text":"explained","start":10610.05,"end":10610.69},{"text":"that","start":10610.69,"end":10610.85},{"text":"these","start":10610.85,"end":10611.29},{"text":"references","start":10611.37,"end":10612.17},{"text":"are","start":10612.17,"end":10612.41},{"text":"illustrative","start":10612.41,"end":10613.13},{"text":"rather","start":10613.13,"end":10613.49},{"text":"than","start":10613.49,"end":10613.69},{"text":"exhaustive.","start":10613.69,"end":10614.49}]},{"text":"In the interest of legal certainty and practical implementation, it may be useful if the Commission provides further guidance regarding the content of other relevant procedural requirements referred to in Draft Guideline 12.","start":10616.97,"end":10631.53,"topics":[{"key":"international-organization-disputes","label":"Dispute Settlement Involving International Organizations","description":"Speakers discussed guidelines for resolving disputes involving international organizations, States, and private parties, particularly the relationship between organizational immunity and effective access to justice. They considered the choice of judicial and alternative settlement mechanisms, party autonomy, power imbalances, and safeguards for impartiality and due process."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":10616.97,"end":10617.01},{"text":"the","start":10617.01,"end":10617.09},{"text":"interest","start":10617.09,"end":10617.65},{"text":"of","start":10617.65,"end":10617.85},{"text":"legal","start":10617.85,"end":10618.17},{"text":"certainty","start":10618.17,"end":10618.77},{"text":"and","start":10618.77,"end":10618.97},{"text":"practical","start":10618.97,"end":10619.45},{"text":"implementation,","start":10619.45,"end":10620.57},{"text":"it","start":10620.81,"end":10620.97},{"text":"may","start":10620.97,"end":10621.13},{"text":"be","start":10621.13,"end":10621.33},{"text":"useful","start":10621.33,"end":10621.93},{"text":"if","start":10621.93,"end":10622.09},{"text":"the","start":10622.09,"end":10622.25},{"text":"Commission","start":10622.25,"end":10622.81},{"text":"provides","start":10622.81,"end":10623.45},{"text":"further","start":10623.85,"end":10624.33},{"text":"guidance","start":10624.33,"end":10624.89},{"text":"regarding","start":10624.89,"end":10625.45},{"text":"the","start":10625.45,"end":10625.53},{"text":"content","start":10625.53,"end":10626.17},{"text":"of","start":10626.17,"end":10626.33},{"text":"other","start":10626.41,"end":10626.93},{"text":"relevant","start":10626.93,"end":10627.41},{"text":"procedural","start":10627.41,"end":10628.09},{"text":"requirements","start":10628.09,"end":10628.97},{"text":"referred","start":10629.05,"end":10629.41},{"text":"to","start":10629.41,"end":10629.85},{"text":"in","start":10630.01,"end":10630.25},{"text":"Draft","start":10630.25,"end":10630.49},{"text":"Guideline","start":10630.49,"end":10631.13},{"text":"12.","start":10631.13,"end":10631.53}]},{"text":"Mr. Chair, Finally, I would like to briefly comment on the topic succession of states in respect of state responsibility.","start":10632.33,"end":10640.41,"topics":[{"key":"state-succession-responsibility","label":"State Succession and State Responsibility","description":"Delegations considered whether and how responsibility for internationally wrongful acts carries over following State succession, noting limited, diverse, and context-specific State practice. Views differed on the Commission’s decision to discontinue the topic, with some supporting caution and others emphasizing unresolved succession issues and the need for further legal guidance."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":10632.33,"end":10632.65},{"text":"Chair,","start":10632.65,"end":10633.13},{"text":"Finally,","start":10634.09,"end":10634.73},{"text":"I","start":10634.73,"end":10634.89},{"text":"would","start":10634.89,"end":10635.05},{"text":"like","start":10635.05,"end":10635.29},{"text":"to","start":10635.29,"end":10635.41},{"text":"briefly","start":10635.41,"end":10635.85},{"text":"comment","start":10635.85,"end":10636.29},{"text":"on","start":10636.29,"end":10636.41},{"text":"the","start":10636.41,"end":10636.57},{"text":"topic","start":10636.57,"end":10637.05},{"text":"succession","start":10637.05,"end":10637.69},{"text":"of","start":10637.69,"end":10637.85},{"text":"states","start":10637.85,"end":10638.29},{"text":"in","start":10638.29,"end":10638.41},{"text":"respect","start":10638.41,"end":10638.97},{"text":"of","start":10638.97,"end":10639.05},{"text":"state","start":10639.05,"end":10639.45},{"text":"responsibility.","start":10639.45,"end":10640.41}]},{"text":"We note with regret that the Commission decided not to pursue consideration of this topic further.","start":10640.89,"end":10646.89,"topics":[{"key":"state-succession-responsibility","label":"State Succession and State Responsibility","description":"Delegations considered whether and how responsibility for internationally wrongful acts carries over following State succession, noting limited, diverse, and context-specific State practice. Views differed on the Commission’s decision to discontinue the topic, with some supporting caution and others emphasizing unresolved succession issues and the need for further legal guidance."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":10640.89,"end":10641.13},{"text":"note","start":10641.13,"end":10641.53},{"text":"with","start":10641.53,"end":10641.69},{"text":"regret","start":10641.69,"end":10642.25},{"text":"that","start":10642.33,"end":10642.53},{"text":"the","start":10642.53,"end":10642.69},{"text":"Commission","start":10642.69,"end":10643.21},{"text":"decided","start":10643.21,"end":10643.85},{"text":"not","start":10643.85,"end":10644.05},{"text":"to","start":10644.05,"end":10644.13},{"text":"pursue","start":10644.17,"end":10644.69},{"text":"consideration","start":10644.69,"end":10645.61},{"text":"of","start":10645.61,"end":10645.77},{"text":"this","start":10645.77,"end":10645.97},{"text":"topic","start":10645.97,"end":10646.41},{"text":"further.","start":10646.41,"end":10646.89}]},{"text":"As we have already pointed out on previous occasions, the approach of the Commission to this topic represents a significant departure from its usual practice and may create an undesirable precedent.","start":10647.29,"end":10660.17,"topics":[{"key":"state-succession-responsibility","label":"State Succession and State Responsibility","description":"Delegations considered whether and how responsibility for internationally wrongful acts carries over following State succession, noting limited, diverse, and context-specific State practice. Views differed on the Commission’s decision to discontinue the topic, with some supporting caution and others emphasizing unresolved succession issues and the need for further legal 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Today, New Zealand wishes to make observations on two areas of the International Law Commission’s important work under Cluster 2: subsidiary means in the determination of rules of international law and the settlement of disputes to which international organizations are parties.","start":10682.89,"end":10699.21,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. 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They considered the choice of judicial and alternative settlement mechanisms, party autonomy, power imbalances, and safeguards for impartiality and due process."}],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":10682.89,"end":10683.21},{"text":"you,","start":10683.21,"end":10683.37},{"text":"Chair.","start":10683.37,"end":10683.73},{"text":"Today,","start":10684.25,"end":10684.57},{"text":"New","start":10684.57,"end":10684.69},{"text":"Zealand","start":10684.69,"end":10685.01},{"text":"wishes","start":10685.01,"end":10685.37},{"text":"to","start":10685.37,"end":10685.45},{"text":"make","start":10685.45,"end":10685.69},{"text":"observations","start":10685.69,"end":10686.53},{"text":"on","start":10686.53,"end":10686.73},{"text":"two","start":10686.73,"end":10687.05},{"text":"areas","start":10687.05,"end":10687.61},{"text":"of","start":10687.61,"end":10687.77},{"text":"the","start":10687.77,"end":10687.89},{"text":"International","start":10687.89,"end":10688.45},{"text":"Law","start":10688.45,"end":10688.57},{"text":"Commission’s","start":10688.57,"end":10689.17},{"text":"important","start":10689.17,"end":10689.73},{"text":"work","start":10689.73,"end":10690.09},{"text":"under","start":10690.09,"end":10690.33},{"text":"Cluster","start":10690.33,"end":10690.73},{"text":"2:","start":10690.73,"end":10691.13},{"text":"subsidiary","start":10691.69,"end":10692.33},{"text":"means","start":10692.33,"end":10692.77},{"text":"in","start":10692.77,"end":10692.85},{"text":"the","start":10692.85,"end":10692.93},{"text":"determination","start":10692.93,"end":10693.77},{"text":"of","start":10693.77,"end":10693.93},{"text":"rules","start":10693.93,"end":10694.21},{"text":"of","start":10694.21,"end":10694.29},{"text":"international","start":10694.29,"end":10695.21},{"text":"law","start":10695.21,"end":10695.29},{"text":"and","start":10695.57,"end":10695.69},{"text":"the","start":10695.69,"end":10695.77},{"text":"settlement","start":10695.77,"end":10696.25},{"text":"of","start":10696.25,"end":10696.33},{"text":"disputes","start":10696.33,"end":10696.89},{"text":"to","start":10696.89,"end":10696.97},{"text":"which","start":10696.97,"end":10697.21},{"text":"international","start":10697.21,"end":10697.77},{"text":"organizations","start":10697.77,"end":10698.49},{"text":"are","start":10698.49,"end":10698.57},{"text":"parties.","start":10698.57,"end":10699.21}]},{"text":"Chair, New Zealand supports the ongoing work of the Commission on the topic of subsidiary means in the determination of rules of international law.","start":10700.09,"end":10708.53,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. Discussion focused on assessing their weight, maintaining representativeness, distinguishing legal analysis from political positions, and avoiding a system of binding judicial precedent."}],"words":[{"text":"Chair,","start":10700.09,"end":10700.53},{"text":"New","start":10701.17,"end":10701.29},{"text":"Zealand","start":10701.29,"end":10701.61},{"text":"supports","start":10701.61,"end":10702.13},{"text":"the","start":10702.13,"end":10702.21},{"text":"ongoing","start":10702.25,"end":10702.73},{"text":"work","start":10702.73,"end":10702.97},{"text":"of","start":10702.97,"end":10703.05},{"text":"the","start":10703.05,"end":10703.17},{"text":"Commission","start":10703.17,"end":10703.69},{"text":"on","start":10703.69,"end":10703.85},{"text":"the","start":10703.85,"end":10703.93},{"text":"topic","start":10703.93,"end":10704.41},{"text":"of","start":10704.41,"end":10704.65},{"text":"subsidiary","start":10704.65,"end":10705.29},{"text":"means","start":10705.29,"end":10705.85},{"text":"in","start":10705.85,"end":10706.01},{"text":"the","start":10706.01,"end":10706.09},{"text":"determination","start":10706.09,"end":10706.97},{"text":"of","start":10706.97,"end":10707.13},{"text":"rules","start":10707.13,"end":10707.45},{"text":"of","start":10707.45,"end":10707.53},{"text":"international","start":10707.53,"end":10708.45},{"text":"law.","start":10708.45,"end":10708.53}]},{"text":"New Zealand would like to thank the Special Rapporteur for his continued work on this topic.","start":10709.13,"end":10712.89,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"New","start":10709.13,"end":10709.29},{"text":"Zealand","start":10709.29,"end":10709.53},{"text":"would","start":10709.53,"end":10709.65},{"text":"like","start":10709.65,"end":10709.77},{"text":"to","start":10709.77,"end":10709.89},{"text":"thank","start":10709.89,"end":10710.17},{"text":"the","start":10710.17,"end":10710.25},{"text":"Special","start":10710.25,"end":10710.65},{"text":"Rapporteur","start":10710.65,"end":10711.05},{"text":"for","start":10711.05,"end":10711.21},{"text":"his","start":10711.21,"end":10711.37},{"text":"continued","start":10711.37,"end":10711.85},{"text":"work","start":10711.85,"end":10712.13},{"text":"on","start":10712.13,"end":10712.21},{"text":"this","start":10712.21,"end":10712.33},{"text":"topic.","start":10712.33,"end":10712.89}]},{"text":"We welcome the adoption of the draft conclusions and commentaries thereto.","start":10713.73,"end":10717.25,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":10713.73,"end":10713.81},{"text":"welcome","start":10713.81,"end":10714.21},{"text":"the","start":10714.21,"end":10714.29},{"text":"adoption","start":10714.29,"end":10714.73},{"text":"of","start":10714.73,"end":10714.81},{"text":"the","start":10714.81,"end":10714.89},{"text":"draft","start":10714.89,"end":10715.21},{"text":"conclusions","start":10715.21,"end":10715.93},{"text":"and","start":10715.93,"end":10716.09},{"text":"commentaries","start":10716.09,"end":10716.61},{"text":"thereto.","start":10716.61,"end":10717.25}]},{"text":"The draft conclusions will greatly assist States in navigating Article 38(1) of the Statute of the International Court of Justice.","start":10717.65,"end":10725.17,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. 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Discussion focused on assessing their weight, maintaining representativeness, distinguishing legal analysis from political positions, and avoiding a system of binding judicial precedent."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":10739.01,"end":10739.09},{"text":"also","start":10739.09,"end":10739.25},{"text":"take","start":10739.25,"end":10739.57},{"text":"note","start":10739.57,"end":10739.97},{"text":"of","start":10739.97,"end":10740.09},{"text":"those","start":10740.09,"end":10740.37},{"text":"aspects","start":10740.37,"end":10740.85},{"text":"of","start":10740.85,"end":10740.93},{"text":"the","start":10740.93,"end":10741.01},{"text":"draft","start":10741.01,"end":10741.33},{"text":"conclusions","start":10741.33,"end":10742.01},{"text":"that","start":10742.01,"end":10742.13},{"text":"are","start":10742.13,"end":10742.29},{"text":"intended","start":10742.29,"end":10742.77},{"text":"to","start":10742.77,"end":10742.85},{"text":"be","start":10742.85,"end":10743.01},{"text":"illustrative","start":10743.01,"end":10743.81},{"text":"rather","start":10744.13,"end":10744.45},{"text":"than","start":10744.45,"end":10744.61},{"text":"exhaustive.","start":10744.61,"end":10745.41}]},{"text":"New Zealand agrees that the weight to be accorded to the subsidiary means identified by the Commission must be assessed on a case-by-case basis, having regard to the means in question, the purpose for which it is invoked, and its relationship to the relevant rule of international law whose existence and content is being determined.","start":10746.13,"end":10765.17,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. 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New Zealand commends the considerable progress made by the Commission in its consideration of these two complex areas of international law at its 77th session, and we are confident that the Commission's work will continue to provide a valuable basis for further engagement by and dialogue between States on these 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the subsidiary means for the determination of rules of international law, Greece expresses its appreciation to the Special Rapporteur, Mr. Giallo, for his thorough work on the topic and to the Commission for adopting draft conclusions together with commentaries on first reading.","start":10860.05,"end":10875.09,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. 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move now to Chapter 7, Settlement of Disputes to Which International Organizations are Parties.","start":11044.37,"end":11050.13,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":11044.37,"end":11044.53},{"text":"move","start":11044.53,"end":11044.69},{"text":"now","start":11044.69,"end":11045.01},{"text":"to","start":11045.01,"end":11045.33},{"text":"Chapter","start":11045.33,"end":11045.97},{"text":"7,","start":11045.97,"end":11046.45},{"text":"Settlement","start":11046.45,"end":11046.93},{"text":"of","start":11046.93,"end":11047.05},{"text":"Disputes","start":11047.05,"end":11047.49},{"text":"to","start":11047.49,"end":11047.57},{"text":"Which","start":11047.57,"end":11047.81},{"text":"International","start":11047.81,"end":11048.41},{"text":"Organizations","start":11048.41,"end":11049.33},{"text":"are","start":11049.41,"end":11049.57},{"text":"Parties.","start":11049.57,"end":11050.13}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"Mr. Chair, we would like first and foremost to thank the Special Rapporteur, Mr. 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coming back on the statements formally put forward, Greece wishes to offer a number of general observations on the draft guidelines, while focusing in particular on certain issues addressed in the Special Rapporteur's third 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yours.","start":11211.53,"end":11212.49,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":11211.53,"end":11211.65},{"text":"floor","start":11211.69,"end":11211.97},{"text":"is","start":11211.97,"end":11212.05},{"text":"yours.","start":11212.05,"end":11212.49}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"6th Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair","affiliation_full":"6th Committee"}},{"statement_number":59,"start":11215.65,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c6/81/34?lang=en&t=3:06:56","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Mr. Chair.","start":11215.65,"end":11218.29,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":11215.65,"end":11215.89},{"text":"you,","start":11215.89,"end":11216.13},{"text":"Mr.","start":11216.73,"end":11217.09},{"text":"Chair.","start":11217.81,"end":11218.29}]},{"text":"The delegation of the Republic of Kenya aligns itself with the statement delivered by Cameroon on behalf of the African Group and thanks the Chair for the opportunity to contribute to the consideration of this chapter of the International Law Commission, in particular on settlement of disputes to which international organizations are parties.","start":11219.89,"end":11237.57,"topics":[{"key":"international-organization-disputes","label":"Dispute Settlement Involving International Organizations","description":"Speakers discussed guidelines for resolving disputes involving international organizations, States, and private parties, particularly the relationship between organizational immunity and effective access to justice. 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approaches this discussion as a country committed to multilateralism, international cooperation, and the rule of law.","start":11274.05,"end":11280.05,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Kenya","start":11274.05,"end":11274.33},{"text":"approaches","start":11274.33,"end":11274.81},{"text":"this","start":11274.81,"end":11275.09},{"text":"discussion","start":11275.17,"end":11275.65},{"text":"as","start":11275.65,"end":11275.81},{"text":"a","start":11275.81,"end":11275.85},{"text":"country","start":11275.85,"end":11276.29},{"text":"committed","start":11276.29,"end":11276.73},{"text":"to","start":11276.73,"end":11276.81},{"text":"multilateralism,","start":11276.81,"end":11277.69},{"text":"international","start":11277.69,"end":11278.29},{"text":"cooperation,","start":11278.29,"end":11279.01},{"text":"and","start":11279.01,"end":11279.33},{"text":"the","start":11279.33,"end":11279.45},{"text":"rule","start":11279.45,"end":11279.65},{"text":"of","start":11279.65,"end":11279.73},{"text":"law.","start":11279.73,"end":11280.05}]},{"text":"Nairobi's position as a major multilateral diplomatic hub, particularly as a host to the United Nations Office in Nairobi, the United Nations Environmental Program, and the UN Habitat, makes this topic of particular practical significance to Kenya.","start":11280.77,"end":11295.57,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Nairobi's","start":11280.77,"end":11281.37},{"text":"position","start":11281.37,"end":11281.81},{"text":"as","start":11281.81,"end":11282.01},{"text":"a","start":11282.01,"end":11282.05},{"text":"major","start":11282.05,"end":11282.81},{"text":"multilateral","start":11283.41,"end":11284.21},{"text":"diplomatic","start":11284.53,"end":11285.17},{"text":"hub,","start":11285.17,"end":11285.57},{"text":"particularly","start":11285.57,"end":11286.17},{"text":"as","start":11286.17,"end":11286.25},{"text":"a","start":11286.25,"end":11286.29},{"text":"host","start":11286.29,"end":11286.57},{"text":"to","start":11286.57,"end":11286.69},{"text":"the","start":11286.69,"end":11286.81},{"text":"United","start":11286.85,"end":11287.29},{"text":"Nations","start":11287.29,"end":11287.69},{"text":"Office","start":11287.69,"end":11287.97},{"text":"in","start":11287.97,"end":11288.09},{"text":"Nairobi,","start":11288.09,"end":11288.77},{"text":"the","start":11289.33,"end":11289.49},{"text":"United","start":11289.49,"end":11289.89},{"text":"Nations","start":11289.89,"end":11290.21},{"text":"Environmental","start":11290.21,"end":11290.85},{"text":"Program,","start":11290.85,"end":11291.21},{"text":"and","start":11291.21,"end":11291.33},{"text":"the","start":11291.33,"end":11291.41},{"text":"UN","start":11291.41,"end":11291.65},{"text":"Habitat,","start":11291.65,"end":11292.13},{"text":"makes","start":11292.13,"end":11292.45},{"text":"this","start":11292.45,"end":11292.77},{"text":"topic","start":11292.77,"end":11293.17},{"text":"of","start":11293.17,"end":11293.33},{"text":"particular","start":11293.33,"end":11293.89},{"text":"practical","start":11293.89,"end":11294.37},{"text":"significance","start":11294.37,"end":11295.01},{"text":"to","start":11295.01,"end":11295.17},{"text":"Kenya.","start":11295.17,"end":11295.57}]},{"text":"Chair, the presence of international organization within a state territory brings with it the issues relating to employment, investment, technical cooperation, knowledge exchange, regional development, and other shared international 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the same time, the operations of international organizations inevitably involve legal and commercial relationship with states, employees, contractors, landlords, service providers, and other private parties.","start":11311.05,"end":11324.69,"topics":[{"key":"international-organization-disputes","label":"Dispute Settlement Involving International Organizations","description":"Speakers discussed guidelines for resolving disputes involving international organizations, States, and private parties, particularly the relationship between organizational immunity and effective access to justice. 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They considered the choice of judicial and alternative settlement mechanisms, party autonomy, power imbalances, and safeguards for impartiality and due process."}],"words":[{"text":"Kenya","start":11364.85,"end":11365.25},{"text":"recognizes","start":11365.25,"end":11366.13},{"text":"that","start":11366.13,"end":11366.29},{"text":"international","start":11366.29,"end":11366.81},{"text":"organizations","start":11366.81,"end":11367.41},{"text":"enjoy","start":11367.41,"end":11367.61},{"text":"privileges","start":11367.65,"end":11368.29},{"text":"and","start":11368.29,"end":11368.41},{"text":"immunities","start":11368.41,"end":11369.01},{"text":"under","start":11369.09,"end":11369.45},{"text":"applicable","start":11369.45,"end":11369.93},{"text":"international","start":11369.93,"end":11370.49},{"text":"legal","start":11370.49,"end":11370.73},{"text":"instruments,","start":11370.73,"end":11371.41},{"text":"including","start":11371.89,"end":11372.53},{"text":"their","start":11372.53,"end":11373.17},{"text":"constituent","start":11373.65,"end":11374.37},{"text":"instruments,","start":11374.61,"end":11375.33},{"text":"relevant","start":11375.97,"end":11376.45},{"text":"conventions,","start":11376.45,"end":11377.25},{"text":"and","start":11377.25,"end":11377.41},{"text":"host","start":11377.41,"end":11377.81},{"text":"country","start":11377.81,"end":11378.13},{"text":"agreements.","start":11378.13,"end":11378.77}]},{"text":"Such privileges and immunities serve legitimate purposes by protecting organizations from undue interference and enabling them to discharge their mandates independently.","start":11379.37,"end":11390.81,"topics":[{"key":"international-organization-disputes","label":"Dispute Settlement Involving International Organizations","description":"Speakers discussed guidelines for resolving disputes involving international organizations, States, and private parties, particularly the relationship between organizational immunity and effective access to justice. 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They considered the choice of judicial and alternative settlement mechanisms, party autonomy, power imbalances, and safeguards for impartiality and due process."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":11490.09,"end":11490.41},{"text":"Chair,","start":11490.41,"end":11490.81},{"text":"Kenya","start":11491.05,"end":11491.45},{"text":"welcomes","start":11491.45,"end":11491.93},{"text":"the","start":11491.93,"end":11492.01},{"text":"Commission's","start":11492.01,"end":11492.53},{"text":"considerations","start":11492.53,"end":11493.21},{"text":"of","start":11493.21,"end":11493.29},{"text":"means","start":11493.29,"end":11493.93},{"text":"available","start":11494.01,"end":11494.57},{"text":"for","start":11494.57,"end":11494.73},{"text":"settling","start":11494.73,"end":11495.17},{"text":"disputes","start":11495.17,"end":11495.69},{"text":"involving","start":11495.93,"end":11496.77},{"text":"international","start":11496.77,"end":11497.33},{"text":"organizations,","start":11497.33,"end":11498.05},{"text":"which","start":11498.05,"end":11498.21},{"text":"include","start":11498.21,"end":11498.57},{"text":"negotiations,","start":11498.57,"end":11499.61},{"text":"consultations,","start":11500.01,"end":11500.81},{"text":"and","start":11500.81,"end":11500.93},{"text":"mediation,","start":11500.93,"end":11501.45},{"text":"arbitration,","start":11501.45,"end":11501.89},{"text":"and","start":11501.89,"end":11502.01},{"text":"internal","start":11502.01,"end":11502.45},{"text":"review","start":11502.57,"end":11502.89},{"text":"mechanism.","start":11502.89,"end":11503.61}]},{"text":"and judicial settlements were legally available.","start":11504.17,"end":11506.65,"topics":[{"key":"international-organization-disputes","label":"Dispute Settlement Involving International Organizations","description":"Speakers discussed guidelines for resolving disputes involving international organizations, States, and private parties, particularly the relationship between organizational immunity and effective access to justice. They considered the choice of judicial and alternative settlement mechanisms, party autonomy, power imbalances, and safeguards for impartiality and due process."}],"words":[{"text":"and","start":11504.17,"end":11504.33},{"text":"judicial","start":11504.33,"end":11504.69},{"text":"settlements","start":11504.69,"end":11505.13},{"text":"were","start":11505.13,"end":11505.49},{"text":"legally","start":11505.53,"end":11506.01},{"text":"available.","start":11506.01,"end":11506.65}]},{"text":"Kenya encourages international organizations to establish and maintain procedures that are clear, impartial, timely, and accessible to the parties concerned.","start":11507.05,"end":11515.77,"topics":[{"key":"international-organization-disputes","label":"Dispute Settlement Involving International Organizations","description":"Speakers discussed guidelines for resolving disputes involving international organizations, States, and private parties, particularly the relationship between organizational immunity and effective access to justice. They considered the choice of judicial and alternative settlement mechanisms, party autonomy, power imbalances, and safeguards for impartiality and due process."}],"words":[{"text":"Kenya","start":11507.05,"end":11507.33},{"text":"encourages","start":11507.33,"end":11507.93},{"text":"international","start":11507.93,"end":11508.45},{"text":"organizations","start":11508.45,"end":11509.09},{"text":"to","start":11509.09,"end":11509.17},{"text":"establish","start":11509.17,"end":11509.77},{"text":"and","start":11509.77,"end":11510.01},{"text":"maintain","start":11510.01,"end":11510.81},{"text":"procedures","start":11511.05,"end":11511.61},{"text":"that","start":11511.61,"end":11511.77},{"text":"are","start":11511.77,"end":11511.93},{"text":"clear,","start":11511.93,"end":11512.41},{"text":"impartial,","start":11512.49,"end":11513.29},{"text":"timely,","start":11513.37,"end":11513.81},{"text":"and","start":11513.81,"end":11514.01},{"text":"accessible","start":11514.01,"end":11514.57},{"text":"to","start":11514.57,"end":11514.65},{"text":"the","start":11514.65,"end":11514.77},{"text":"parties","start":11514.77,"end":11515.21},{"text":"concerned.","start":11515.21,"end":11515.77}]},{"text":"Such procedures should provide reasonable opportunity to present claims, respond to allegations about relevant information, and receive reasoned decisions subject to applicable rules and confidentiality.","start":11516.25,"end":11528.97,"topics":[{"key":"international-organization-disputes","label":"Dispute Settlement Involving International Organizations","description":"Speakers discussed guidelines for resolving disputes involving international organizations, States, and private parties, particularly the relationship between organizational immunity and effective access to justice. 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therefore supports continued consideration of the Commission’s draft guidelines by Member States and international organizations.","start":11530.45,"end":11537.37,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Kenya","start":11530.45,"end":11530.69},{"text":"therefore","start":11530.77,"end":11531.17},{"text":"supports","start":11531.17,"end":11531.73},{"text":"continued","start":11531.73,"end":11532.29},{"text":"consideration","start":11532.29,"end":11532.97},{"text":"of","start":11532.97,"end":11533.05},{"text":"the","start":11533.05,"end":11533.13},{"text":"Commission’s","start":11533.13,"end":11533.73},{"text":"draft","start":11533.81,"end":11534.29},{"text":"guidelines","start":11534.29,"end":11534.77},{"text":"by","start":11534.77,"end":11534.89},{"text":"Member","start":11534.93,"end":11535.25},{"text":"States","start":11535.25,"end":11535.61},{"text":"and","start":11535.61,"end":11535.81},{"text":"international","start":11535.89,"end":11536.49},{"text":"organizations.","start":11536.49,"end":11537.37}]},{"text":"Kenya looks forward to further consideration of these draft guidelines and stand ready to engage constructively in the process of their refinement with a view to achieving balanced and practical framework consistent with international 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thank you, Chair.","start":11553.01,"end":11554.09,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":11553.01,"end":11553.17},{"text":"thank","start":11553.17,"end":11553.41},{"text":"you,","start":11553.41,"end":11553.53},{"text":"Chair.","start":11553.89,"end":11554.09}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"KEN","group":null,"function":null,"affiliation_full":"Kenya"}},{"statement_number":60,"start":11558.21,"pageUrl":"/ar/ga/c6/81/34?lang=en&t=3:12:39","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I would like to thank the distinguished representative of Kenya for her 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Working Group on Criminal Accountability of United Nations officials and experts on mission will meet again on Monday afternoon at 3:00 PM in this 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depending on whether the election is concluded in the morning, the Sixth Committee will meet next in the afternoon on Tuesday, November 3rd.","start":11622.81,"end":11634.25,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":11622.81,"end":11623.05},{"text":"depending","start":11623.05,"end":11623.61},{"text":"on","start":11623.61,"end":11623.77},{"text":"whether","start":11623.77,"end":11624.17},{"text":"the","start":11624.17,"end":11624.29},{"text":"election","start":11624.29,"end":11624.89},{"text":"is","start":11625.53,"end":11625.77},{"text":"concluded","start":11625.77,"end":11626.41},{"text":"in","start":11626.41,"end":11626.61},{"text":"the","start":11626.61,"end":11626.73},{"text":"morning,","start":11626.73,"end":11627.13},{"text":"the","start":11627.61,"end":11627.77},{"text":"Sixth","start":11627.77,"end":11628.05},{"text":"Committee","start":11628.05,"end":11628.57},{"text":"will","start":11628.81,"end":11629.05},{"text":"meet","start":11629.05,"end":11629.37},{"text":"next","start":11630.01,"end":11630.65},{"text":"in","start":11630.73,"end":11630.93},{"text":"the","start":11630.93,"end":11631.01},{"text":"afternoon","start":11631.01,"end":11631.69},{"text":"on","start":11631.69,"end":11632.09},{"text":"Tuesday,","start":11632.57,"end":11633.29},{"text":"November","start":11633.29,"end":11633.85},{"text":"3rd.","start":11633.85,"end":11634.25}]},{"text":"If the election continues into the afternoon, the next meeting of the Sixth Committee will then be held on Wednesday, November 4th, at 10:00 AM.","start":11634.89,"end":11646.61,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"If","start":11634.89,"end":11635.05},{"text":"the","start":11635.05,"end":11635.17},{"text":"election","start":11635.17,"end":11635.61},{"text":"continues","start":11635.61,"end":11636.25},{"text":"into","start":11636.25,"end":11636.49},{"text":"the","start":11636.49,"end":11636.61},{"text":"afternoon,","start":11636.61,"end":11637.29},{"text":"the","start":11637.53,"end":11637.69},{"text":"next","start":11637.69,"end":11637.93},{"text":"meeting","start":11637.93,"end":11638.41},{"text":"of","start":11638.41,"end":11638.49},{"text":"the","start":11638.49,"end":11638.65},{"text":"Sixth","start":11638.65,"end":11638.89},{"text":"Committee","start":11638.89,"end":11639.45},{"text":"will","start":11640.49,"end":11640.81},{"text":"then","start":11640.81,"end":11641.05},{"text":"be","start":11641.05,"end":11641.21},{"text":"held","start":11641.21,"end":11641.69},{"text":"on","start":11642.29,"end":11642.37},{"text":"Wednesday,","start":11642.37,"end":11643.09},{"text":"November","start":11643.33,"end":11643.89},{"text":"4th,","start":11643.89,"end":11644.33},{"text":"at","start":11644.85,"end":11645.25},{"text":"10:00","start":11645.89,"end":11645.93},{"text":"AM.","start":11645.93,"end":11646.61}]},{"text":"The appropriate announcements will be made during the lunch hour on Tuesday.","start":11647.25,"end":11652.61,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":11647.25,"end":11647.45},{"text":"appropriate","start":11647.45,"end":11648.05},{"text":"announcements","start":11648.13,"end":11648.93},{"text":"will","start":11649.09,"end":11649.37},{"text":"be","start":11649.37,"end":11649.49},{"text":"made","start":11649.49,"end":11649.89},{"text":"during","start":11650.21,"end":11650.65},{"text":"the","start":11650.65,"end":11650.73},{"text":"lunch","start":11650.73,"end":11651.17},{"text":"hour","start":11651.17,"end":11651.65},{"text":"on","start":11651.89,"end":11652.13},{"text":"Tuesday.","start":11652.13,"end":11652.61}]},{"text":"So delegations are advised to consult the website for information on informal consultations on draft resolutions scheduled for next week.","start":11654.29,"end":11665.65,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":11654.29,"end":11654.61},{"text":"delegations","start":11654.61,"end":11655.25},{"text":"are","start":11655.25,"end":11655.41},{"text":"advised","start":11655.41,"end":11655.93},{"text":"to","start":11655.93,"end":11656.01},{"text":"consult","start":11656.01,"end":11656.61},{"text":"the","start":11656.69,"end":11656.85},{"text":"website","start":11656.85,"end":11657.57},{"text":"for","start":11658.13,"end":11658.61},{"text":"information","start":11658.61,"end":11659.41},{"text":"on","start":11659.61,"end":11659.73},{"text":"informal","start":11659.73,"end":11660.29},{"text":"consultations","start":11660.29,"end":11661.33},{"text":"on","start":11661.73,"end":11661.89},{"text":"draft","start":11661.89,"end":11662.37},{"text":"resolutions","start":11662.61,"end":11663.41},{"text":"scheduled","start":11663.65,"end":11664.41},{"text":"for","start":11664.85,"end":11665.01},{"text":"next","start":11665.01,"end":11665.33},{"text":"week.","start":11665.33,"end":11665.65}]},{"text":"And finally, allow me to remind those delegations that have not yet submitted their list of participants in this year’s session of the Sixth Committee that they should register the names of their representatives, alternate representatives, and advisers through the e-list of participants module on the e-delegate portal at their earliest convenience.","start":11666.61,"end":11691.09,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":11666.61,"end":11666.69},{"text":"finally,","start":11666.69,"end":11667.33},{"text":"allow","start":11667.33,"end":11667.77},{"text":"me","start":11667.77,"end":11668.05},{"text":"to","start":11668.05,"end":11668.29},{"text":"remind","start":11668.29,"end":11668.97},{"text":"those","start":11668.97,"end":11669.29},{"text":"delegations","start":11669.29,"end":11670.01},{"text":"that","start":11670.01,"end":11670.29},{"text":"have","start":11670.53,"end":11670.77},{"text":"not","start":11670.77,"end":11671.01},{"text":"yet","start":11671.01,"end":11671.41},{"text":"submitted","start":11671.65,"end":11672.21},{"text":"their","start":11672.21,"end":11672.37},{"text":"list","start":11672.37,"end":11672.69},{"text":"of","start":11672.69,"end":11672.77},{"text":"participants","start":11672.77,"end":11673.57},{"text":"in","start":11673.97,"end":11674.13},{"text":"this","start":11674.13,"end":11674.37},{"text":"year’s","start":11674.37,"end":11674.57},{"text":"session","start":11674.57,"end":11675.01},{"text":"of","start":11675.01,"end":11675.09},{"text":"the","start":11675.09,"end":11675.21},{"text":"Sixth","start":11675.21,"end":11675.49},{"text":"Committee","start":11675.49,"end":11675.97},{"text":"that","start":11676.29,"end":11676.45},{"text":"they","start":11676.45,"end":11676.61},{"text":"should","start":11676.61,"end":11676.85},{"text":"register","start":11676.85,"end":11677.57},{"text":"the","start":11677.65,"end":11677.85},{"text":"names","start":11677.85,"end":11678.45},{"text":"of","start":11679.29,"end":11679.41},{"text":"their","start":11679.41,"end":11679.61},{"text":"representatives,","start":11679.61,"end":11680.37},{"text":"alternate","start":11680.61,"end":11681.33},{"text":"representatives,","start":11681.57,"end":11682.53},{"text":"and","start":11682.77,"end":11683.05},{"text":"advisers","start":11683.05,"end":11683.81},{"text":"through","start":11684.13,"end":11684.37},{"text":"the","start":11684.37,"end":11684.49},{"text":"e-list","start":11684.49,"end":11685.17},{"text":"of","start":11685.73,"end":11685.81},{"text":"participants","start":11685.81,"end":11686.53},{"text":"module","start":11686.53,"end":11687.09},{"text":"on","start":11687.41,"end":11687.49},{"text":"the","start":11687.49,"end":11687.61},{"text":"e-delegate","start":11687.65,"end":11688.45},{"text":"portal","start":11688.45,"end":11689.09},{"text":"at","start":11689.57,"end":11689.69},{"text":"their","start":11689.69,"end":11689.93},{"text":"earliest","start":11689.93,"end":11690.37},{"text":"convenience.","start":11690.37,"end":11691.09}]},{"text":"The Secretariat will be circulating a draft of this year's list of participants next week.","start":11691.61,"end":11697.77,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":11691.61,"end":11691.65},{"text":"Secretariat","start":11691.65,"end":11692.33},{"text":"will","start":11692.33,"end":11692.57},{"text":"be","start":11692.57,"end":11692.73},{"text":"circulating","start":11692.73,"end":11693.45},{"text":"a","start":11693.77,"end":11693.81},{"text":"draft","start":11693.81,"end":11694.41},{"text":"of","start":11694.61,"end":11694.73},{"text":"this","start":11694.73,"end":11694.89},{"text":"year's","start":11694.89,"end":11695.21},{"text":"list","start":11695.21,"end":11695.53},{"text":"of","start":11695.85,"end":11695.97},{"text":"participants","start":11696.01,"end":11696.73},{"text":"next","start":11697.13,"end":11697.53},{"text":"week.","start":11697.53,"end":11697.77}]},{"text":"And before I close, I would like to thank the distinguished Chair of the ILC, Dr. Andreas Mavroyiannis, and the distinguished Special Rapporteur, Charles Gallow, for attending our meeting and listening to all the remarks and statements.","start":11698.33,"end":11714.49,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":11698.33,"end":11698.49},{"text":"before","start":11698.49,"end":11698.77},{"text":"I","start":11698.77,"end":11698.81},{"text":"close,","start":11698.81,"end":11699.29},{"text":"I","start":11699.29,"end":11699.33},{"text":"would","start":11699.33,"end":11699.45},{"text":"like","start":11699.45,"end":11699.65},{"text":"to","start":11699.65,"end":11699.77},{"text":"thank","start":11699.77,"end":11700.17},{"text":"the","start":11700.81,"end":11700.93},{"text":"distinguished","start":11700.93,"end":11701.45},{"text":"Chair","start":11701.45,"end":11701.85},{"text":"of","start":11702.21,"end":11702.33},{"text":"the","start":11702.37,"end":11702.45},{"text":"ILC,","start":11702.49,"end":11703.05},{"text":"Dr.","start":11704.25,"end":11704.73},{"text":"Andreas","start":11704.93,"end":11705.61},{"text":"Mavroyiannis,","start":11706.01,"end":11706.81},{"text":"and","start":11706.81,"end":11707.09},{"text":"the","start":11707.09,"end":11707.17},{"text":"distinguished","start":11707.17,"end":11707.69},{"text":"Special","start":11707.77,"end":11708.17},{"text":"Rapporteur,","start":11708.17,"end":11708.81},{"text":"Charles","start":11709.45,"end":11709.85},{"text":"Gallow,","start":11709.89,"end":11710.33},{"text":"for","start":11710.49,"end":11710.69},{"text":"attending","start":11710.69,"end":11711.13},{"text":"our","start":11711.13,"end":11711.29},{"text":"meeting","start":11711.29,"end":11711.69},{"text":"and","start":11711.69,"end":11711.81},{"text":"listening","start":11711.81,"end":11712.33},{"text":"to","start":11712.33,"end":11712.73},{"text":"all","start":11712.97,"end":11713.17},{"text":"the","start":11713.17,"end":11713.25},{"text":"remarks","start":11713.25,"end":11713.73},{"text":"and","start":11713.73,"end":11713.85},{"text":"statements.","start":11713.85,"end":11714.49}]},{"text":"I wish you all a pleasant weekend.","start":11715.29,"end":11718.01,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":11715.29,"end":11715.37},{"text":"wish","start":11715.37,"end":11715.69},{"text":"you","start":11715.69,"end":11715.93},{"text":"all","start":11716.25,"end":11716.65},{"text":"a","start":11716.65,"end":11716.73},{"text":"pleasant","start":11716.73,"end":11717.29},{"text":"weekend.","start":11717.37,"end":11718.01}]},{"text":"Next week promises to be to bring even more fun.","start":11718.17,"end":11722.41,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next","start":11718.17,"end":11718.57},{"text":"week","start":11718.57,"end":11718.89},{"text":"promises","start":11719.45,"end":11719.97},{"text":"to","start":11719.97,"end":11720.09},{"text":"be","start":11720.09,"end":11720.49},{"text":"to","start":11721.33,"end":11721.37},{"text":"bring","start":11721.37,"end":11721.69},{"text":"even","start":11721.69,"end":11721.89},{"text":"more","start":11721.89,"end":11722.09},{"text":"fun.","start":11722.09,"end":11722.41}]},{"text":"And the meeting is adjourned.","start":11723.45,"end":11725.05,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":11723.45,"end":11723.65},{"text":"the","start":11723.65,"end":11723.73},{"text":"meeting","start":11723.73,"end":11724.09},{"text":"is","start":11724.41,"end":11724.65},{"text":"adjourned.","start":11724.65,"end":11725.05}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"6th Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair","affiliation_full":"6th Committee"}}],"topics":[{"key":"subsidiary-legal-means","label":"Subsidiary Means for Determining International Law","description":"Delegations examined how judicial decisions, scholarly teachings, expert-body outputs, and international organization resolutions help determine the existence and content of international law without constituting independent sources. Discussion focused on assessing their weight, maintaining representativeness, distinguishing legal analysis from political positions, and avoiding a system of binding judicial precedent."},{"key":"state-succession-responsibility","label":"State Succession and State Responsibility","description":"Delegations considered whether and how responsibility for internationally wrongful acts carries over following State succession, noting limited, diverse, and context-specific State practice. Views differed on the Commission’s decision to discontinue the topic, with some supporting caution and others emphasizing unresolved succession issues and the need for further legal guidance."},{"key":"international-organization-disputes","label":"Dispute Settlement Involving International Organizations","description":"Speakers discussed guidelines for resolving disputes involving international organizations, States, and private parties, particularly the relationship between organizational immunity and effective access to justice. They considered the choice of judicial and alternative settlement mechanisms, party autonomy, power imbalances, and safeguards for impartiality and due process."}]}}