{"disclaimer":"Transcripts available through this tool are created by using automatic speech recognition and are not official records nor official documents of the United Nations. Official records and official documents are available on the Official Document System of the United Nations.","url":"https://transcripts.un.org/en/asset/k11/k11ash292p","llms":{"note":"Plain-text sibling of this page, compact for LLM context. For the full API guide (search, listing, URL grammar) see /llms.txt.","textUrl":"/en/asset/k11/k11ash292p.txt","guide":"/llms.txt"},"video":{"id":"k11/k11ash292p","kaltura_id":"1_1ash292p","title":"3rd meeting, 2nd session of the IGWG on an optional protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the rights to early childhood education, free pre-primary education and free secondary education.","clean_title":"3rd meeting, 2nd session of the IGWG on an optional protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the rights to early childhood education, free pre-primary education and free secondary education.","url":"https://webtv.un.org/en/asset/k11/k11ash292p","date":"2026-09-01T00:00:00.000Z","scheduled_time":"2026-09-01T08:00:00.000Z","status":"finished","duration":"03:00:19","category":"Human Rights Council","body":null,"event_code":null,"event_type":null,"session_number":"2nd session","pv_symbol":null,"pv_part":null,"slug":"asset/k11/k11ash292p"},"metadata":{"summary":"Second session of the Open-ended intergovernmental working group on an optional protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the rights to early childhood education, free pre-primary education and free secondary education","description":"On 10 July 2024, the Human Rights Council adopted resolution 56/5, in which it established an open-ended intergovernmental working group (IGWG) mandated to explore the possibility of, elaborating and submitting to the Human Rights Council a draft optional protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the rights to early childhood education, free pre-primary education and free secondary education.\nThe second session of the IGWG will take place from 31 August to 2 September 2026, in the Assembly Hall, Palais des Nations.","categories":["Meetings & Events","Human Rights Council"],"geographic_subject":[],"subject_topical":[],"corporate_name":["UNITED NATIONS HUMAN RIGHTS COUNCIL - UNHRC"],"speaker_affiliation":[],"related_documents":[{"title":"2nd Session IGWG CRC (31 Aug - 2 Sep)","url":"https://www.ohchr.org/en/hr-bodies/hrc/wg-opcrc-education/session2"}]},"transcript":{"transcript_id":"scheduled-25ae1972-eefb-4a47-b97d-7cb8faebfb7b","language":"en","data":[{"statement_number":1,"start":3.23,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k11/k11ash292p?t=4","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Good morning, Excellencies, colleagues.","start":3.23,"end":6.27,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Good","start":3.23,"end":3.47},{"text":"morning,","start":3.47,"end":3.87},{"text":"Excellencies,","start":4.51,"end":5.39},{"text":"colleagues.","start":5.47,"end":6.27}]},{"text":"We'll start in the next 15 seconds.","start":7.07,"end":10.35,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We'll","start":7.07,"end":7.43},{"text":"start","start":7.43,"end":7.87},{"text":"in","start":8.11,"end":8.27},{"text":"the","start":8.27,"end":8.35},{"text":"next","start":8.35,"end":8.87},{"text":"15","start":8.91,"end":9.55},{"text":"seconds.","start":9.55,"end":10.35}]},{"text":"Good morning again, Excellencies, colleagues, distinguished participants.","start":26.04,"end":31.48,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Good","start":26.04,"end":26.2},{"text":"morning","start":26.2,"end":26.56},{"text":"again,","start":26.56,"end":26.92},{"text":"Excellencies,","start":27,"end":28.04},{"text":"colleagues,","start":28.04,"end":28.76},{"text":"distinguished","start":29.72,"end":30.52},{"text":"participants.","start":30.52,"end":31.48}]},{"text":"I hereby declare this morning session open.","start":31.64,"end":34.84,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":31.64,"end":31.8},{"text":"hereby","start":31.8,"end":32.16},{"text":"declare","start":32.16,"end":32.76},{"text":"this","start":33,"end":33.16},{"text":"morning","start":33.16,"end":33.48},{"text":"session","start":33.48,"end":34.04},{"text":"open.","start":34.36,"end":34.84}]},{"text":"Under agenda item seven, we will hold four thematic discussions.","start":41.67,"end":47.51,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Under","start":41.67,"end":42.15},{"text":"agenda","start":42.31,"end":42.75},{"text":"item","start":42.75,"end":43.03},{"text":"seven,","start":43.03,"end":43.51},{"text":"we","start":44.79,"end":44.91},{"text":"will","start":44.91,"end":45.11},{"text":"hold","start":45.11,"end":45.59},{"text":"four","start":45.67,"end":46.31},{"text":"thematic","start":46.31,"end":46.71},{"text":"discussions.","start":46.71,"end":47.51}]},{"text":"The Secretariat has made a concept note available on its website to inform these discussions.","start":48.79,"end":58.15,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":48.79,"end":48.91},{"text":"Secretariat","start":48.91,"end":49.63},{"text":"has","start":49.63,"end":49.83},{"text":"made","start":49.83,"end":50.23},{"text":"a","start":50.55,"end":50.59},{"text":"concept","start":50.59,"end":51.03},{"text":"note","start":51.03,"end":51.43},{"text":"available","start":53.67,"end":54.39},{"text":"on","start":55.19,"end":55.35},{"text":"its","start":55.35,"end":55.51},{"text":"website","start":55.51,"end":56.03},{"text":"to","start":56.03,"end":56.11},{"text":"inform","start":56.11,"end":56.79},{"text":"these","start":56.79,"end":57.35},{"text":"discussions.","start":57.35,"end":58.15}]},{"text":"Our aim is to foster a meaningful exchange of views and experiences among Member States and other stakeholders on the possibility of elaborating and submitting to the Human Rights Council a draft optional protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the rights to early childhood education, free pre-primary education and free secondary 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are committed to ensuring that the dialogue draws on effective experiences, good practices, strategies relevant to the working group's 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working group is honored to welcome esteemed representatives from member states, as well as experts from the United Nations, civil society, academia, as speakers in these 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are especially honored to have participation of child representatives who would open the discussion under each of the 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representatives, Karen, Karen, are you there?","start":130.87,"end":135.59,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":130.87,"end":130.99},{"text":"child","start":130.99,"end":131.43},{"text":"representatives,","start":131.43,"end":132.47},{"text":"Karen,","start":132.95,"end":133.59},{"text":"Karen,","start":134.95,"end":135.27},{"text":"are","start":135.27,"end":135.35},{"text":"you","start":135.35,"end":135.43},{"text":"there?","start":135.43,"end":135.59}]},{"text":"Oh, okay, Karen is on the other end.","start":139.91,"end":141.47,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Oh,","start":139.91,"end":140.19},{"text":"okay,","start":140.19,"end":140.47},{"text":"Karen","start":140.47,"end":140.79},{"text":"is","start":140.79,"end":140.91},{"text":"on","start":140.91,"end":141.03},{"text":"the","start":141.03,"end":141.11},{"text":"other","start":141.11,"end":141.31},{"text":"end.","start":141.31,"end":141.47}]},{"text":"Fair enough, that's fine.","start":141.67,"end":142.71,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Fair","start":141.67,"end":141.87},{"text":"enough,","start":141.87,"end":142.07},{"text":"that's","start":142.07,"end":142.35},{"text":"fine.","start":142.35,"end":142.71}]},{"text":"And Lana?","start":143.87,"end":144.47,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":143.87,"end":144.03},{"text":"Lana?","start":144.03,"end":144.47}]},{"text":"Lana is here with me, that's wonderful.","start":146.23,"end":147.99,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Lana","start":146.23,"end":146.63},{"text":"is","start":146.63,"end":146.79},{"text":"here","start":146.79,"end":146.95},{"text":"with","start":146.95,"end":147.07},{"text":"me,","start":147.07,"end":147.19},{"text":"that's","start":147.19,"end":147.47},{"text":"wonderful.","start":147.47,"end":147.99}]},{"text":"Roberto is following online.","start":148.71,"end":150.47,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Roberto","start":148.71,"end":149.43},{"text":"is","start":149.43,"end":149.59},{"text":"following","start":149.59,"end":149.87},{"text":"online.","start":149.87,"end":150.47}]},{"text":"And Sonia, Sonia, you're there, wonderful.","start":151.35,"end":153.91,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":151.35,"end":151.51},{"text":"Sonia,","start":151.51,"end":151.99},{"text":"Sonia,","start":152.47,"end":152.91},{"text":"you're","start":152.91,"end":153.07},{"text":"there,","start":153.07,"end":153.27},{"text":"wonderful.","start":153.27,"end":153.91}]},{"text":"Todd?","start":155.03,"end":155.51,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Todd?","start":155.03,"end":155.51}]},{"text":"Tord is here with me.","start":156.91,"end":158.23,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Tord","start":156.91,"end":157.19},{"text":"is","start":157.43,"end":157.59},{"text":"here","start":157.59,"end":157.75},{"text":"with","start":157.75,"end":157.87},{"text":"me.","start":157.87,"end":158.23}]},{"text":"These are advocates from five global regions.","start":159.27,"end":162.55,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"These","start":159.27,"end":159.91},{"text":"are","start":159.91,"end":160.03},{"text":"advocates","start":160.03,"end":160.87},{"text":"from","start":160.87,"end":161.03},{"text":"five","start":161.03,"end":161.59},{"text":"global","start":161.59,"end":161.95},{"text":"regions.","start":161.95,"end":162.55}]},{"text":"As stipulated in resolution 56/5, the Human Rights Council requested that the open intergovernmental working group ensures the meaningful participation of children in an ethical, safe and inclusive manner, and to give children the opportunity to express their views on the topic and substance of the proposed Optional Protocol.","start":164.07,"end":188.67,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"As","start":164.07,"end":164.27},{"text":"stipulated","start":164.27,"end":164.79},{"text":"in","start":164.79,"end":164.95},{"text":"resolution","start":164.95,"end":165.43},{"text":"56/5,","start":165.43,"end":166.47},{"text":"the","start":167.03,"end":167.15},{"text":"Human","start":167.15,"end":167.43},{"text":"Rights","start":167.43,"end":167.59},{"text":"Council","start":167.59,"end":167.91},{"text":"requested","start":167.91,"end":168.63},{"text":"that","start":169.27,"end":169.39},{"text":"the","start":169.39,"end":169.47},{"text":"open","start":169.47,"end":169.71},{"text":"intergovernmental","start":169.71,"end":170.51},{"text":"working","start":170.51,"end":170.79},{"text":"group","start":170.79,"end":171.11},{"text":"ensures","start":171.11,"end":171.91},{"text":"the","start":172.55,"end":172.71},{"text":"meaningful","start":172.71,"end":173.27},{"text":"participation","start":173.27,"end":173.91},{"text":"of","start":173.91,"end":173.99},{"text":"children","start":173.99,"end":174.55},{"text":"in","start":175.11,"end":175.35},{"text":"an","start":175.35,"end":175.43},{"text":"ethical,","start":175.43,"end":175.99},{"text":"safe","start":176.47,"end":177.03},{"text":"and","start":177.07,"end":177.19},{"text":"inclusive","start":177.19,"end":177.79},{"text":"manner,","start":177.79,"end":178.15},{"text":"and","start":179.91,"end":180.11},{"text":"to","start":180.11,"end":180.19},{"text":"give","start":180.19,"end":180.39},{"text":"children","start":180.39,"end":181.03},{"text":"the","start":181.67,"end":181.79},{"text":"opportunity","start":181.79,"end":182.31},{"text":"to","start":182.31,"end":182.43},{"text":"express","start":182.43,"end":182.87},{"text":"their","start":182.87,"end":183.03},{"text":"views","start":183.03,"end":183.67},{"text":"on","start":184.07,"end":184.23},{"text":"the","start":184.23,"end":184.35},{"text":"topic","start":184.35,"end":184.87},{"text":"and","start":185.35,"end":185.59},{"text":"substance","start":185.59,"end":186.35},{"text":"of","start":186.75,"end":186.87},{"text":"the","start":186.87,"end":186.99},{"text":"proposed","start":186.99,"end":187.71},{"text":"Optional","start":187.71,"end":188.11},{"text":"Protocol.","start":188.11,"end":188.67}]},{"text":"This should be facilitated through child-friendly information and by listening to and acting upon children's views as 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elaboration of child-friendly documents, The OHCHR conducted a selection process of five children based on a public call for nominations to participate in the first session of the working 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candidates from around the world were selected based on their previous advocacy experiences and engagement with access to 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these children Join us for the second session.","start":241.75,"end":245.95,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Four","start":241.75,"end":242.11},{"text":"of","start":242.11,"end":242.39},{"text":"these","start":242.39,"end":242.51},{"text":"children","start":242.51,"end":243.03},{"text":"Join","start":244.03,"end":244.47},{"text":"us","start":244.47,"end":244.75},{"text":"for","start":244.75,"end":244.91},{"text":"the","start":244.91,"end":245.03},{"text":"second","start":245.03,"end":245.39},{"text":"session.","start":245.39,"end":245.95}]},{"text":"A new child representative join us at the second session from Western Europe as the former child representative from this region turned 18 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the support of civil society organizations, and I wish to drop my hearts and appreciation to all those members of civil society that have been of tremendous support to these 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May 2026, they also conducted consultations with other children on the draft key principles.","start":290.07,"end":297.43,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":290.07,"end":290.31},{"text":"May","start":290.31,"end":290.55},{"text":"2026,","start":290.55,"end":291.51},{"text":"they","start":292.47,"end":292.63},{"text":"also","start":292.63,"end":292.91},{"text":"conducted","start":292.91,"end":293.59},{"text":"consultations","start":293.67,"end":294.47},{"text":"with","start":294.47,"end":294.63},{"text":"other","start":294.71,"end":294.91},{"text":"children","start":294.91,"end":295.43},{"text":"on","start":295.91,"end":296.07},{"text":"the","start":296.07,"end":296.19},{"text":"draft","start":296.19,"end":296.55},{"text":"key","start":296.55,"end":296.63},{"text":"principles.","start":296.63,"end":297.43}]},{"text":"The feedback provided by the children on the draft key principles was subsequently shared with my good self as chair 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aim is to ensure that this is a safe, friendly, empowering space for all participants.","start":310.55,"end":319.59,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Our","start":310.55,"end":310.79},{"text":"aim","start":310.79,"end":311.27},{"text":"is","start":311.91,"end":312.07},{"text":"to","start":312.07,"end":312.19},{"text":"ensure","start":312.19,"end":312.87},{"text":"that","start":313.19,"end":313.39},{"text":"this","start":313.39,"end":313.75},{"text":"is","start":313.75,"end":313.87},{"text":"a","start":313.87,"end":313.91},{"text":"safe,","start":313.91,"end":314.55},{"text":"friendly,","start":315.27,"end":315.99},{"text":"empowering","start":316.47,"end":317.11},{"text":"space","start":317.11,"end":317.67},{"text":"for","start":318.15,"end":318.63},{"text":"all","start":318.63,"end":318.71},{"text":"participants.","start":318.71,"end":319.59}]},{"text":"To this end, I ask you to kindly bear in mind the following: One, I encourage everyone to interact respectfully and to use clear, 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it is our shared responsibility to keep children safe and to ensure that they can participate meaningfully and 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children's safe participation, children will not be asked to respond to questions or statements from the 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essence, it will address principles one, two, and three of wave one of the key principles.","start":432.31,"end":440.71,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":432.31,"end":432.47},{"text":"essence,","start":432.47,"end":433.03},{"text":"it","start":433.27,"end":433.39},{"text":"will","start":433.39,"end":433.67},{"text":"address","start":433.67,"end":434.31},{"text":"principles","start":434.87,"end":435.43},{"text":"one,","start":435.43,"end":435.83},{"text":"two,","start":436.55,"end":437.03},{"text":"and","start":437.59,"end":437.79},{"text":"three","start":437.79,"end":438.07},{"text":"of","start":438.07,"end":438.23},{"text":"wave","start":438.23,"end":438.47},{"text":"one","start":438.47,"end":438.87},{"text":"of","start":439.43,"end":439.59},{"text":"the","start":439.59,"end":439.67},{"text":"key","start":439.67,"end":439.91},{"text":"principles.","start":439.91,"end":440.71}]},{"text":"But let me introduce our distinguished panelists.","start":443.43,"end":446.31,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"But","start":443.43,"end":443.55},{"text":"let","start":443.55,"end":443.67},{"text":"me","start":443.67,"end":443.79},{"text":"introduce","start":443.79,"end":444.47},{"text":"our","start":444.87,"end":445.07},{"text":"distinguished","start":445.07,"end":445.63},{"text":"panelists.","start":445.63,"end":446.31}]},{"text":"The child representatives from Eastern European states, Lana, and child representative from Western European and other states, Todd, Mr. Jonathan Tedros from the College of Law, George State University in the USA, Miss Sophie Lane, International Policy and Advocacy Officer Girls Not Brides, Ms. Jan Richler, Special Advisor on Inclusive Education, International Disability Alliance, and right by me, Ms. Florencia Arisso, the First Secretary of the Permanent Mission of the Permanent Delegation of Uruguay to the UN in Geneva.","start":448.79,"end":496.91,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":448.79,"end":448.91},{"text":"child","start":448.91,"end":449.19},{"text":"representatives","start":449.19,"end":449.99},{"text":"from","start":449.99,"end":450.31},{"text":"Eastern","start":450.31,"end":450.63},{"text":"European","start":450.63,"end":450.99},{"text":"states,","start":450.99,"end":451.59},{"text":"Lana,","start":452.23,"end":452.71},{"text":"and","start":454.31,"end":454.51},{"text":"child","start":454.51,"end":454.71},{"text":"representative","start":454.71,"end":455.27},{"text":"from","start":455.27,"end":455.43},{"text":"Western","start":455.43,"end":455.87},{"text":"European","start":455.87,"end":456.47},{"text":"and","start":456.87,"end":457.15},{"text":"other","start":457.15,"end":457.31},{"text":"states,","start":457.31,"end":457.83},{"text":"Todd,","start":458.07,"end":458.63},{"text":"Mr.","start":460.47,"end":460.79},{"text":"Jonathan","start":460.79,"end":461.51},{"text":"Tedros","start":461.59,"end":462.31},{"text":"from","start":463.11,"end":463.35},{"text":"the","start":463.35,"end":463.43},{"text":"College","start":463.43,"end":463.75},{"text":"of","start":463.75,"end":463.83},{"text":"Law,","start":463.83,"end":464.23},{"text":"George","start":464.39,"end":464.63},{"text":"State","start":464.63,"end":465.03},{"text":"University","start":465.03,"end":465.75},{"text":"in","start":466.55,"end":466.71},{"text":"the","start":466.71,"end":466.79},{"text":"USA,","start":466.79,"end":467.35},{"text":"Miss","start":468.63,"end":469.03},{"text":"Sophie","start":469.03,"end":469.19},{"text":"Lane,","start":469.19,"end":469.67},{"text":"International","start":470.39,"end":470.95},{"text":"Policy","start":470.95,"end":471.59},{"text":"and","start":471.59,"end":471.83},{"text":"Advocacy","start":472.23,"end":472.83},{"text":"Officer","start":472.83,"end":473.35},{"text":"Girls","start":474.03,"end":474.67},{"text":"Not","start":474.67,"end":474.99},{"text":"Brides,","start":474.99,"end":475.63},{"text":"Ms.","start":478.67,"end":478.91},{"text":"Jan","start":478.91,"end":479.23},{"text":"Richler,","start":479.23,"end":479.79},{"text":"Special","start":480.11,"end":480.59},{"text":"Advisor","start":480.59,"end":481.15},{"text":"on","start":481.59,"end":481.79},{"text":"Inclusive","start":481.79,"end":482.39},{"text":"Education,","start":482.39,"end":482.99},{"text":"International","start":483.71,"end":484.35},{"text":"Disability","start":484.35,"end":484.99},{"text":"Alliance,","start":484.99,"end":485.71},{"text":"and","start":486.51,"end":486.99},{"text":"right","start":487.07,"end":487.31},{"text":"by","start":487.31,"end":487.43},{"text":"me,","start":487.43,"end":487.87},{"text":"Ms.","start":488.27,"end":488.47},{"text":"Florencia","start":488.47,"end":488.87},{"text":"Arisso,","start":488.87,"end":489.39},{"text":"the","start":489.71,"end":489.87},{"text":"First","start":489.87,"end":490.07},{"text":"Secretary","start":490.07,"end":490.43},{"text":"of","start":490.43,"end":490.51},{"text":"the","start":490.51,"end":490.59},{"text":"Permanent","start":490.59,"end":490.99},{"text":"Mission","start":490.99,"end":491.39},{"text":"of","start":492.27,"end":492.39},{"text":"the","start":492.39,"end":492.51},{"text":"Permanent","start":492.51,"end":492.91},{"text":"Delegation","start":492.91,"end":493.71},{"text":"of","start":493.71,"end":493.79},{"text":"Uruguay","start":493.79,"end":494.27},{"text":"to","start":494.75,"end":494.99},{"text":"the","start":495.15,"end":495.23},{"text":"UN","start":495.23,"end":495.71},{"text":"in","start":496.27,"end":496.43},{"text":"Geneva.","start":496.43,"end":496.91}]},{"text":"I would like to invite delegates and participants who have not already pre-registered for the list of speakers to register with the secretariat in the room.","start":498.03,"end":508.83,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":498.03,"end":498.11},{"text":"would","start":498.11,"end":498.23},{"text":"like","start":498.23,"end":498.51},{"text":"to","start":498.51,"end":498.75},{"text":"invite","start":498.75,"end":499.31},{"text":"delegates","start":499.63,"end":500.35},{"text":"and","start":500.35,"end":500.59},{"text":"participants","start":500.59,"end":501.31},{"text":"who","start":501.39,"end":501.63},{"text":"have","start":501.63,"end":501.79},{"text":"not","start":501.79,"end":502.11},{"text":"already","start":502.75,"end":503.39},{"text":"pre-registered","start":503.47,"end":504.47},{"text":"for","start":505.15,"end":505.35},{"text":"the","start":505.35,"end":505.43},{"text":"list","start":505.43,"end":505.75},{"text":"of","start":505.75,"end":505.83},{"text":"speakers","start":505.83,"end":506.27},{"text":"to","start":506.27,"end":506.39},{"text":"register","start":506.39,"end":506.75},{"text":"with","start":506.75,"end":506.87},{"text":"the","start":506.87,"end":506.95},{"text":"secretariat","start":506.95,"end":507.63},{"text":"in","start":508.19,"end":508.35},{"text":"the","start":508.35,"end":508.47},{"text":"room.","start":508.47,"end":508.83}]},{"text":"Registration for the list of speakers will close in 15 minutes.","start":510.67,"end":515.31,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Registration","start":510.67,"end":511.39},{"text":"for","start":511.87,"end":512.35},{"text":"the","start":512.43,"end":512.59},{"text":"list","start":512.59,"end":512.83},{"text":"of","start":512.83,"end":512.91},{"text":"speakers","start":512.91,"end":513.47},{"text":"will","start":513.47,"end":513.67},{"text":"close","start":513.67,"end":514.19},{"text":"in","start":514.19,"end":514.43},{"text":"15","start":514.43,"end":514.75},{"text":"minutes.","start":514.75,"end":515.31}]},{"text":"I ask delegations to limit their interventions to two minutes.","start":516.75,"end":522.51,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":516.75,"end":516.99},{"text":"ask","start":516.99,"end":517.39},{"text":"delegations","start":517.71,"end":518.51},{"text":"to","start":518.51,"end":518.67},{"text":"limit","start":518.67,"end":519.23},{"text":"their","start":520.43,"end":520.59},{"text":"interventions","start":520.59,"end":521.39},{"text":"to","start":521.39,"end":521.51},{"text":"two","start":521.55,"end":521.95},{"text":"minutes.","start":521.95,"end":522.51}]},{"text":"To this end, I will now hand over to our first panelist, Both Lerner and Toward to begin.","start":524.91,"end":536.75,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"To","start":524.91,"end":524.99},{"text":"this","start":524.99,"end":525.23},{"text":"end,","start":525.23,"end":525.71},{"text":"I","start":527.15,"end":527.23},{"text":"will","start":527.23,"end":527.39},{"text":"now","start":527.39,"end":527.63},{"text":"hand","start":527.63,"end":527.95},{"text":"over","start":527.95,"end":528.35},{"text":"to","start":529.15,"end":529.35},{"text":"our","start":529.35,"end":529.43},{"text":"first","start":529.43,"end":529.95},{"text":"panelist,","start":529.95,"end":530.75},{"text":"Both","start":531.95,"end":532.19},{"text":"Lerner","start":532.19,"end":532.75},{"text":"and","start":533.15,"end":533.39},{"text":"Toward","start":533.39,"end":533.79},{"text":"to","start":536.11,"end":536.23},{"text":"begin.","start":536.27,"end":536.75}]},{"text":"Over to you, please.","start":539.07,"end":539.87,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Over","start":539.07,"end":539.23},{"text":"to","start":539.23,"end":539.31},{"text":"you,","start":539.35,"end":539.47},{"text":"please.","start":539.47,"end":539.87}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Safa","affiliation":"SLE","affiliation_full":"Sierra Leone","group":null,"function":"Chair-Rapporteur"}},{"statement_number":2,"start":542.19,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k11/k11ash292p?t=543","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Chair.","start":542.19,"end":542.91,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":542.19,"end":542.43},{"text":"you,","start":542.43,"end":542.59},{"text":"Chair.","start":542.59,"end":542.91}]},{"text":"My name is Strand.","start":543.87,"end":544.83,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"My","start":543.87,"end":544.03},{"text":"name","start":544.03,"end":544.19},{"text":"is","start":544.19,"end":544.31},{"text":"Strand.","start":544.31,"end":544.83}]},{"text":"I'm 12 years old from Sweden and the child representative from Western Europe and other states.","start":544.99,"end":550.59,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I'm","start":544.99,"end":545.31},{"text":"12","start":545.31,"end":545.63},{"text":"years","start":545.63,"end":545.87},{"text":"old","start":545.87,"end":546.23},{"text":"from","start":546.23,"end":546.43},{"text":"Sweden","start":546.43,"end":547.07},{"text":"and","start":547.07,"end":547.19},{"text":"the","start":547.19,"end":547.31},{"text":"child","start":547.31,"end":547.67},{"text":"representative","start":547.67,"end":548.51},{"text":"from","start":548.51,"end":548.75},{"text":"Western","start":548.75,"end":549.27},{"text":"Europe","start":549.27,"end":549.63},{"text":"and","start":549.63,"end":549.83},{"text":"other","start":549.83,"end":550.03},{"text":"states.","start":550.03,"end":550.59}]},{"text":"The CRC already recognizes the right to education.","start":552.19,"end":555.55,"topics":[{"key":"treaty-complementarity","label":"Complementarity with Existing Treaties","description":"Delegations repeatedly discussed how any new protocol should relate to the CRC, ICESCR, SDG 4, and other instruments. The debate focused on whether the protocol would fill a genuine normative gap and strengthen implementation, or risk duplication and legal fragmentation."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":552.19,"end":552.31},{"text":"CRC","start":552.31,"end":553.07},{"text":"already","start":553.07,"end":553.71},{"text":"recognizes","start":553.71,"end":554.43},{"text":"the","start":554.43,"end":554.51},{"text":"right","start":554.51,"end":554.79},{"text":"to","start":554.79,"end":554.87},{"text":"education.","start":554.87,"end":555.55}]},{"text":"But free pre-primary and secondary education aren't guaranteed the same way free primary education is.","start":556.83,"end":565.71,"topics":[{"key":"free-preprimary-secondary","label":"Free Pre-Primary and Secondary Education","description":"A central issue was whether the proposed optional protocol should explicitly guarantee at least one year of free public pre-primary education and free public secondary education, closing the gap left by current treaty language that clearly mandates free primary education only."}],"words":[{"text":"But","start":556.83,"end":557.07},{"text":"free","start":557.07,"end":557.63},{"text":"pre-primary","start":557.63,"end":558.75},{"text":"and","start":558.75,"end":558.99},{"text":"secondary","start":558.99,"end":559.63},{"text":"education","start":559.63,"end":560.59},{"text":"aren't","start":560.75,"end":561.31},{"text":"guaranteed","start":561.31,"end":561.95},{"text":"the","start":562.11,"end":562.27},{"text":"same","start":562.27,"end":562.67},{"text":"way","start":562.67,"end":563.07},{"text":"free","start":563.15,"end":563.47},{"text":"primary","start":564.23,"end":564.91},{"text":"education","start":564.91,"end":565.51},{"text":"is.","start":565.51,"end":565.71}]},{"text":"That's the gap this protocol needs to close.","start":566.99,"end":569.39,"topics":[{"key":"free-preprimary-secondary","label":"Free Pre-Primary and Secondary Education","description":"A central issue was whether the proposed optional protocol should explicitly guarantee at least one year of free public pre-primary education and free public secondary education, closing the gap left by current treaty language that clearly mandates free primary education only."}],"words":[{"text":"That's","start":566.99,"end":567.39},{"text":"the","start":567.39,"end":567.51},{"text":"gap","start":567.51,"end":567.87},{"text":"this","start":567.87,"end":568.11},{"text":"protocol","start":568.11,"end":568.59},{"text":"needs","start":568.59,"end":568.79},{"text":"to","start":568.79,"end":568.91},{"text":"close.","start":568.91,"end":569.39}]},{"text":"Turning the right to free education from something implicit into something explicit and enforceable.","start":571.15,"end":579.63,"topics":[{"key":"monitoring-accountability","label":"Monitoring and Accountability","description":"Participants stressed that clearer legal obligations need effective follow-up through reporting, review, and accountability mechanisms. 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experience in almost the same words.","start":666.27,"end":671.87,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":666.27,"end":666.47},{"text":"they","start":666.47,"end":666.59},{"text":"described","start":666.59,"end":667.23},{"text":"almost","start":667.31,"end":667.91},{"text":"the","start":667.91,"end":667.99},{"text":"same","start":667.99,"end":668.27},{"text":"experience","start":668.27,"end":669.15},{"text":"in","start":669.87,"end":670.11},{"text":"almost","start":670.11,"end":670.75},{"text":"the","start":670.75,"end":670.83},{"text":"same","start":670.83,"end":671.23},{"text":"words.","start":671.23,"end":671.87}]},{"text":"That's not a coincidence.","start":673.67,"end":674.99,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"That's","start":673.67,"end":673.99},{"text":"not","start":673.99,"end":674.15},{"text":"a","start":674.15,"end":674.19},{"text":"coincidence.","start":674.19,"end":674.99}]},{"text":"When something shows up that consistently across that much diversity, it stops being an anecdote and starts being evidence of something 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may be formally a right, but financial and other barriers can prevent children from actually enjoying that right in practice.","start":689.47,"end":698.03,"topics":[{"key":"hidden-education-costs","label":"Hidden Costs and Real Access","description":"Many speakers stressed that education is not truly free if children and families still have to cover transport, uniforms, books, meals, exam fees, assistive supports, or other indirect costs that prevent attendance, participation, and 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between the treaty text and school gate, free stops meaning free.","start":699.79,"end":704.67,"topics":[{"key":"hidden-education-costs","label":"Hidden Costs and Real Access","description":"Many speakers stressed that education is not truly free if children and families still have to cover transport, uniforms, books, meals, exam fees, assistive supports, or other indirect costs that prevent attendance, participation, and 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close.","start":705.59,"end":708.79,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":705.59,"end":705.79},{"text":"that's","start":705.79,"end":706.15},{"text":"precisely","start":706.15,"end":706.99},{"text":"the","start":706.99,"end":707.07},{"text":"space","start":707.11,"end":707.43},{"text":"this","start":707.43,"end":707.59},{"text":"protocol","start":707.59,"end":708.07},{"text":"needs","start":708.07,"end":708.23},{"text":"to","start":708.23,"end":708.31},{"text":"close.","start":708.31,"end":708.79}]},{"text":"So what should the scope of this protocol actually 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enough.","start":727.59,"end":730.07,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"But","start":727.59,"end":727.91},{"text":"scope","start":727.91,"end":728.47},{"text":"on","start":728.47,"end":728.67},{"text":"its","start":728.67,"end":728.87},{"text":"own","start":728.87,"end":729.27},{"text":"isn't","start":729.27,"end":729.79},{"text":"enough.","start":729.79,"end":730.07}]},{"text":"Free has to be understood in a way that's meaningful in children's everyday lives, not just meaningful on paper.","start":731.83,"end":740.75,"topics":[{"key":"hidden-education-costs","label":"Hidden Costs and Real Access","description":"Many speakers stressed that education is not truly free if children and families still have to cover transport, uniforms, books, meals, exam fees, assistive supports, or other indirect costs that prevent attendance, participation, and 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free.","start":742.67,"end":750.03,"topics":[{"key":"hidden-education-costs","label":"Hidden Costs and Real Access","description":"Many speakers stressed that education is not truly free if children and families still have to cover transport, uniforms, books, meals, exam fees, assistive supports, or other indirect costs that prevent attendance, participation, and 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a rhetorical question.","start":1194.75,"end":1195.91,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"That's","start":1194.75,"end":1194.99},{"text":"a","start":1194.99,"end":1195.03},{"text":"rhetorical","start":1195.03,"end":1195.51},{"text":"question.","start":1195.51,"end":1195.91}]},{"text":"Thank you.","start":1195.91,"end":1196.31,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":1195.91,"end":1196.15},{"text":"you.","start":1196.15,"end":1196.31}]},{"text":"I now move to the next speaker, who is Professor Jonathan Tedros from College of Law, George State University, the United 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Your Excellencies, distinguished delegates, thank you for the opportunity to contribute to this dialogue on a potential fourth optional protocol to the CRC on the right to education.","start":1213.55,"end":1224.67,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":1213.55,"end":1213.67},{"text":"you,","start":1213.67,"end":1213.75},{"text":"Mr.","start":1213.75,"end":1214.03},{"text":"Chair.","start":1214.03,"end":1214.43},{"text":"Your","start":1214.91,"end":1215.15},{"text":"Excellencies,","start":1215.15,"end":1215.95},{"text":"distinguished","start":1216.11,"end":1216.67},{"text":"delegates,","start":1216.67,"end":1217.31},{"text":"thank","start":1217.47,"end":1217.71},{"text":"you","start":1217.71,"end":1217.79},{"text":"for","start":1217.79,"end":1217.95},{"text":"the","start":1217.95,"end":1218.07},{"text":"opportunity","start":1218.07,"end":1218.75},{"text":"to","start":1218.75,"end":1218.99},{"text":"contribute","start":1218.99,"end":1219.51},{"text":"to","start":1219.51,"end":1219.59},{"text":"this","start":1219.59,"end":1219.79},{"text":"dialogue","start":1219.79,"end":1220.35},{"text":"on","start":1220.35,"end":1220.43},{"text":"a","start":1220.43,"end":1220.47},{"text":"potential","start":1220.47,"end":1220.95},{"text":"fourth","start":1220.95,"end":1221.23},{"text":"optional","start":1221.23,"end":1221.55},{"text":"protocol","start":1221.55,"end":1222.11},{"text":"to","start":1222.11,"end":1222.23},{"text":"the","start":1222.23,"end":1222.39},{"text":"CRC","start":1222.39,"end":1223.07},{"text":"on","start":1223.39,"end":1223.55},{"text":"the","start":1223.55,"end":1223.63},{"text":"right","start":1223.63,"end":1223.83},{"text":"to","start":1223.83,"end":1223.91},{"text":"education.","start":1223.91,"end":1224.67}]},{"text":"My name is Jonathan Todres.","start":1225.07,"end":1226.59,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"My","start":1225.07,"end":1225.19},{"text":"name","start":1225.19,"end":1225.39},{"text":"is","start":1225.39,"end":1225.47},{"text":"Jonathan","start":1225.47,"end":1225.95},{"text":"Todres.","start":1225.95,"end":1226.59}]},{"text":"I'm a professor of law.","start":1226.75,"end":1228.15,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I'm","start":1226.75,"end":1226.95},{"text":"a","start":1226.95,"end":1226.99},{"text":"professor","start":1226.99,"end":1227.59},{"text":"of","start":1227.59,"end":1227.71},{"text":"law.","start":1227.71,"end":1228.15}]},{"text":"I have worked on and researched children's rights issues for more than 25 years.","start":1228.51,"end":1232.91,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":1228.51,"end":1228.59},{"text":"have","start":1228.59,"end":1228.75},{"text":"worked","start":1228.75,"end":1229.07},{"text":"on","start":1229.07,"end":1229.31},{"text":"and","start":1229.31,"end":1229.47},{"text":"researched","start":1229.47,"end":1230.07},{"text":"children's","start":1230.07,"end":1230.55},{"text":"rights","start":1230.55,"end":1230.75},{"text":"issues","start":1230.75,"end":1231.23},{"text":"for","start":1231.39,"end":1231.55},{"text":"more","start":1231.55,"end":1231.71},{"text":"than","start":1231.71,"end":1231.87},{"text":"25","start":1231.87,"end":1232.47},{"text":"years.","start":1232.47,"end":1232.91}]},{"text":"I'd like to address two issues, the need for this optional protocol, which speaks to scope, and questions about regression.","start":1233.47,"end":1241.15,"topics":[{"key":"treaty-complementarity","label":"Complementarity with Existing Treaties","description":"Delegations repeatedly discussed how any new protocol should relate to the CRC, ICESCR, SDG 4, and other instruments. 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They supported language preserving stronger national laws and broader international standards already in force."}],"words":[{"text":"I'd","start":1233.47,"end":1233.67},{"text":"like","start":1233.67,"end":1233.79},{"text":"to","start":1233.79,"end":1233.87},{"text":"address","start":1233.87,"end":1234.19},{"text":"two","start":1234.19,"end":1234.51},{"text":"issues,","start":1234.51,"end":1234.99},{"text":"the","start":1235.71,"end":1235.87},{"text":"need","start":1235.87,"end":1236.15},{"text":"for","start":1236.15,"end":1236.27},{"text":"this","start":1236.27,"end":1236.51},{"text":"optional","start":1236.51,"end":1236.83},{"text":"protocol,","start":1236.83,"end":1237.23},{"text":"which","start":1237.23,"end":1237.47},{"text":"speaks","start":1237.47,"end":1237.79},{"text":"to","start":1237.79,"end":1237.91},{"text":"scope,","start":1237.91,"end":1238.35},{"text":"and","start":1239.07,"end":1239.63},{"text":"questions","start":1239.71,"end":1240.23},{"text":"about","start":1240.23,"end":1240.51},{"text":"regression.","start":1240.51,"end":1241.15}]},{"text":"I believe the case for new international law on the right to education is strong.","start":1242.07,"end":1245.43,"topics":[{"key":"treaty-complementarity","label":"Complementarity with Existing Treaties","description":"Delegations repeatedly discussed how any new protocol should relate to the CRC, ICESCR, SDG 4, and other instruments. 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is, the language on the right to education has changed relatively little in 78 years in terms of its express mandate.","start":1255.59,"end":1263.19,"topics":[{"key":"free-preprimary-secondary","label":"Free Pre-Primary and Secondary Education","description":"A central issue was whether the proposed optional protocol should explicitly guarantee at least one year of free public pre-primary education and free public secondary education, closing the gap left by current treaty language that clearly mandates free primary education 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primary education is required to be free for all children.","start":1263.67,"end":1266.71,"topics":[{"key":"free-preprimary-secondary","label":"Free Pre-Primary and Secondary Education","description":"A central issue was whether the proposed optional protocol should explicitly guarantee at least one year of free public pre-primary education and free public secondary education, closing the gap left by current treaty language that clearly mandates free primary education 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1989.","start":1267.43,"end":1273.99,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"However,","start":1267.43,"end":1267.79},{"text":"the","start":1267.79,"end":1267.91},{"text":"world's","start":1267.91,"end":1268.27},{"text":"changed","start":1268.27,"end":1268.47},{"text":"dramatically","start":1268.47,"end":1269.03},{"text":"in","start":1269.03,"end":1269.19},{"text":"two","start":1269.19,"end":1269.35},{"text":"respects","start":1269.35,"end":1269.79},{"text":"since","start":1269.79,"end":1270.03},{"text":"1948,","start":1270.03,"end":1270.95},{"text":"or","start":1271.27,"end":1271.43},{"text":"even","start":1271.43,"end":1271.71},{"text":"since","start":1271.71,"end":1271.95},{"text":"the","start":1271.95,"end":1272.03},{"text":"CRC's","start":1272.03,"end":1272.63},{"text":"adoption","start":1272.63,"end":1273.07},{"text":"in","start":1273.07,"end":1273.15},{"text":"1989.","start":1273.15,"end":1273.99}]},{"text":"First, the world around children has transformed.","start":1274.63,"end":1277.03,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"First,","start":1274.63,"end":1275.11},{"text":"the","start":1275.11,"end":1275.19},{"text":"world","start":1275.19,"end":1275.43},{"text":"around","start":1275.43,"end":1275.83},{"text":"children","start":1275.83,"end":1276.15},{"text":"has","start":1276.15,"end":1276.31},{"text":"transformed.","start":1276.31,"end":1277.03}]},{"text":"Technological advances have affected all aspects of society with significant impacts for children and their families.","start":1277.43,"end":1283.67,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Technological","start":1277.43,"end":1278.15},{"text":"advances","start":1278.15,"end":1278.79},{"text":"have","start":1278.87,"end":1279.07},{"text":"affected","start":1279.07,"end":1279.43},{"text":"all","start":1279.43,"end":1279.67},{"text":"aspects","start":1279.67,"end":1280.07},{"text":"of","start":1280.07,"end":1280.15},{"text":"society","start":1280.15,"end":1280.79},{"text":"with","start":1281.27,"end":1281.43},{"text":"significant","start":1281.43,"end":1282.03},{"text":"impacts","start":1282.03,"end":1282.43},{"text":"for","start":1282.43,"end":1282.55},{"text":"children","start":1282.55,"end":1282.91},{"text":"and","start":1282.91,"end":1283.03},{"text":"their","start":1283.03,"end":1283.15},{"text":"families.","start":1283.15,"end":1283.67}]},{"text":"As a result, what it means to educate a child and prepare a child for a fruitful life has changed too.","start":1284.07,"end":1290.15,"topics":[{"key":"education-continuum","label":"Education as a Continuum from Early Childhood Through Life","description":"Some interventions argued that the right to education should be understood as a continuous pathway beginning in early childhood and extending through secondary education and lifelong learning. This perspective connected early care, later school success, multiple learning pathways, and broader human development."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":1284.07,"end":1284.31},{"text":"a","start":1284.31,"end":1284.35},{"text":"result,","start":1284.35,"end":1284.67},{"text":"what","start":1284.67,"end":1284.83},{"text":"it","start":1284.83,"end":1284.91},{"text":"means","start":1284.91,"end":1285.15},{"text":"to","start":1285.15,"end":1285.23},{"text":"educate","start":1285.23,"end":1285.91},{"text":"a","start":1285.91,"end":1285.95},{"text":"child","start":1285.95,"end":1286.31},{"text":"and","start":1286.63,"end":1286.79},{"text":"prepare","start":1286.79,"end":1287.31},{"text":"a","start":1287.31,"end":1287.35},{"text":"child","start":1287.35,"end":1287.71},{"text":"for","start":1287.71,"end":1287.95},{"text":"a","start":1287.95,"end":1287.99},{"text":"fruitful","start":1287.99,"end":1288.55},{"text":"life","start":1288.55,"end":1288.79},{"text":"has","start":1289.03,"end":1289.27},{"text":"changed","start":1289.27,"end":1289.75},{"text":"too.","start":1289.75,"end":1290.15}]},{"text":"Primary education alone is no longer sufficient, supporting children's full development requires more.","start":1290.63,"end":1297.23,"topics":[{"key":"education-continuum","label":"Education as a Continuum from Early Childhood Through Life","description":"Some interventions argued that the right to education should be understood as a continuous pathway beginning in early childhood and extending through secondary education and lifelong learning. This perspective connected early care, later school success, multiple learning pathways, and broader human development."}],"words":[{"text":"Primary","start":1290.63,"end":1291.07},{"text":"education","start":1291.07,"end":1291.83},{"text":"alone","start":1291.83,"end":1292.31},{"text":"is","start":1292.31,"end":1292.39},{"text":"no","start":1292.39,"end":1292.59},{"text":"longer","start":1292.59,"end":1292.87},{"text":"sufficient,","start":1292.87,"end":1293.51},{"text":"supporting","start":1293.91,"end":1294.55},{"text":"children's","start":1294.55,"end":1295.03},{"text":"full","start":1295.03,"end":1295.19},{"text":"development","start":1295.19,"end":1295.91},{"text":"requires","start":1296.27,"end":1296.83},{"text":"more.","start":1296.83,"end":1297.23}]},{"text":"Second, the science of child and adolescent development has advanced significantly since 1989.","start":1297.71,"end":1303.47,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Second,","start":1297.71,"end":1298.27},{"text":"the","start":1298.67,"end":1298.79},{"text":"science","start":1298.79,"end":1299.39},{"text":"of","start":1299.39,"end":1299.55},{"text":"child","start":1299.55,"end":1299.91},{"text":"and","start":1299.91,"end":1300.07},{"text":"adolescent","start":1300.07,"end":1300.55},{"text":"development","start":1300.55,"end":1301.15},{"text":"has","start":1301.15,"end":1301.35},{"text":"advanced","start":1301.35,"end":1301.79},{"text":"significantly","start":1301.79,"end":1302.43},{"text":"since","start":1302.43,"end":1302.67},{"text":"1989.","start":1302.67,"end":1303.47}]},{"text":"Early childhood education is now understood as foundational to children's full development.","start":1303.95,"end":1308.51,"topics":[{"key":"education-continuum","label":"Education as a Continuum from Early Childhood Through Life","description":"Some interventions argued that the right to education should be understood as a continuous pathway beginning in early childhood and extending through secondary education and lifelong learning. This perspective connected early care, later school success, multiple learning pathways, and broader human development."}],"words":[{"text":"Early","start":1303.95,"end":1304.27},{"text":"childhood","start":1304.27,"end":1304.67},{"text":"education","start":1304.67,"end":1305.23},{"text":"is","start":1305.23,"end":1305.35},{"text":"now","start":1305.35,"end":1305.51},{"text":"understood","start":1305.51,"end":1305.95},{"text":"as","start":1305.95,"end":1306.11},{"text":"foundational","start":1306.11,"end":1306.91},{"text":"to","start":1307.15,"end":1307.23},{"text":"children's","start":1307.23,"end":1307.75},{"text":"full","start":1307.75,"end":1307.87},{"text":"development.","start":1307.87,"end":1308.51}]},{"text":"However, it's not expressly acknowledged in the CRC.","start":1309.31,"end":1311.87,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"However,","start":1309.31,"end":1309.59},{"text":"it's","start":1309.59,"end":1309.83},{"text":"not","start":1309.83,"end":1309.99},{"text":"expressly","start":1309.99,"end":1310.67},{"text":"acknowledged","start":1310.67,"end":1311.03},{"text":"in","start":1311.03,"end":1311.15},{"text":"the","start":1311.15,"end":1311.23},{"text":"CRC.","start":1311.23,"end":1311.87}]},{"text":"Secondary education is also understood as critical, yet the CRC and other treaties stop short of requiring free access to secondary education.","start":1312.35,"end":1320.43,"topics":[{"key":"free-preprimary-secondary","label":"Free Pre-Primary and Secondary Education","description":"A central issue was whether the proposed optional protocol should explicitly guarantee at least one year of free public pre-primary education and free public secondary education, closing the gap left by current treaty language that clearly mandates free primary education only."},{"key":"treaty-complementarity","label":"Complementarity with Existing Treaties","description":"Delegations repeatedly discussed how any new protocol should relate to the CRC, ICESCR, SDG 4, and other instruments. The debate focused on whether the protocol would fill a genuine normative gap and strengthen implementation, or risk duplication and legal fragmentation."}],"words":[{"text":"Secondary","start":1312.35,"end":1312.91},{"text":"education","start":1312.91,"end":1313.59},{"text":"is","start":1313.59,"end":1313.71},{"text":"also","start":1313.71,"end":1313.99},{"text":"understood","start":1313.99,"end":1314.43},{"text":"as","start":1314.43,"end":1314.51},{"text":"critical,","start":1314.51,"end":1315.07},{"text":"yet","start":1315.55,"end":1315.75},{"text":"the","start":1315.75,"end":1315.83},{"text":"CRC","start":1315.83,"end":1316.35},{"text":"and","start":1316.35,"end":1316.47},{"text":"other","start":1316.47,"end":1316.63},{"text":"treaties","start":1316.63,"end":1316.95},{"text":"stop","start":1316.95,"end":1317.31},{"text":"short","start":1317.31,"end":1317.67},{"text":"of","start":1317.67,"end":1317.79},{"text":"requiring","start":1317.79,"end":1318.43},{"text":"free","start":1318.67,"end":1318.99},{"text":"access","start":1318.99,"end":1319.31},{"text":"to","start":1319.31,"end":1319.43},{"text":"secondary","start":1319.43,"end":1319.87},{"text":"education.","start":1319.87,"end":1320.43}]},{"text":"While opinions vary on certain aspects of education, there is consensus that every child should have access to education without financial barriers, direct or indirect, from pre-primary through secondary education.","start":1321.19,"end":1335.31,"topics":[{"key":"free-preprimary-secondary","label":"Free Pre-Primary and Secondary Education","description":"A central issue was whether the proposed optional protocol should explicitly guarantee at least one year of free public pre-primary education and free public secondary education, closing the gap left by current treaty language that clearly mandates free primary education only."},{"key":"hidden-education-costs","label":"Hidden Costs and Real Access","description":"Many speakers stressed that education is not truly free if children and families still have to cover transport, uniforms, books, meals, exam fees, assistive supports, or other indirect costs that prevent attendance, participation, and completion."}],"words":[{"text":"While","start":1321.19,"end":1321.47},{"text":"opinions","start":1321.47,"end":1322.11},{"text":"vary","start":1322.11,"end":1322.47},{"text":"on","start":1322.47,"end":1322.67},{"text":"certain","start":1322.67,"end":1322.99},{"text":"aspects","start":1322.99,"end":1323.35},{"text":"of","start":1323.35,"end":1323.43},{"text":"education,","start":1323.43,"end":1324.11},{"text":"there","start":1324.35,"end":1324.59},{"text":"is","start":1324.59,"end":1324.83},{"text":"consensus","start":1324.83,"end":1325.71},{"text":"that","start":1325.71,"end":1325.95},{"text":"every","start":1325.95,"end":1326.27},{"text":"child","start":1326.27,"end":1326.59},{"text":"should","start":1326.59,"end":1326.71},{"text":"have","start":1326.71,"end":1326.91},{"text":"access","start":1326.91,"end":1327.47},{"text":"to","start":1327.79,"end":1327.95},{"text":"education","start":1327.95,"end":1328.55},{"text":"without","start":1328.55,"end":1328.99},{"text":"financial","start":1329.39,"end":1330.03},{"text":"barriers,","start":1330.03,"end":1330.67},{"text":"direct","start":1330.83,"end":1331.23},{"text":"or","start":1331.23,"end":1331.47},{"text":"indirect,","start":1331.47,"end":1332.03},{"text":"from","start":1332.51,"end":1332.83},{"text":"pre-primary","start":1332.83,"end":1333.71},{"text":"through","start":1334.03,"end":1334.27},{"text":"secondary","start":1334.27,"end":1334.71},{"text":"education.","start":1334.71,"end":1335.31}]},{"text":"We need a legal standard to match that consensus.","start":1335.71,"end":1338.43,"topics":[{"key":"monitoring-accountability","label":"Monitoring and Accountability","description":"Participants stressed that clearer legal obligations need effective follow-up through reporting, review, and accountability mechanisms. Discussion covered how to monitor implementation within existing CRC systems and how to ensure commitments are enforceable rather than merely aspirational."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":1335.71,"end":1335.87},{"text":"need","start":1335.87,"end":1336.07},{"text":"a","start":1336.07,"end":1336.11},{"text":"legal","start":1336.11,"end":1336.51},{"text":"standard","start":1336.51,"end":1336.99},{"text":"to","start":1336.99,"end":1337.15},{"text":"match","start":1337.15,"end":1337.47},{"text":"that","start":1337.47,"end":1337.71},{"text":"consensus.","start":1337.71,"end":1338.43}]},{"text":"Some have asked whether the CRC already provides this.","start":1339.39,"end":1342.03,"topics":[{"key":"treaty-complementarity","label":"Complementarity with Existing Treaties","description":"Delegations repeatedly discussed how any new protocol should relate to the CRC, ICESCR, SDG 4, and other instruments. The debate focused on whether the protocol would fill a genuine normative gap and strengthen implementation, or risk duplication and legal fragmentation."}],"words":[{"text":"Some","start":1339.39,"end":1339.71},{"text":"have","start":1339.71,"end":1339.87},{"text":"asked","start":1339.87,"end":1340.07},{"text":"whether","start":1340.07,"end":1340.35},{"text":"the","start":1340.35,"end":1340.47},{"text":"CRC","start":1340.47,"end":1340.99},{"text":"already","start":1340.99,"end":1341.31},{"text":"provides","start":1341.31,"end":1341.75},{"text":"this.","start":1341.75,"end":1342.03}]},{"text":"On pre-primary education, the idea that pre-primary education is encompassed within the right to education is not in dispute.","start":1342.71,"end":1349.47,"topics":[{"key":"free-preprimary-secondary","label":"Free Pre-Primary and Secondary Education","description":"A central issue was whether the proposed optional protocol should explicitly guarantee at least one year of free public pre-primary education and free public secondary education, closing the gap left by current treaty language that clearly mandates free primary education only."},{"key":"education-continuum","label":"Education as a Continuum from Early Childhood Through Life","description":"Some interventions argued that the right to education should be understood as a continuous pathway beginning in early childhood and extending through secondary education and lifelong learning. This perspective connected early care, later school success, multiple learning pathways, and broader human development."}],"words":[{"text":"On","start":1342.71,"end":1342.79},{"text":"pre-primary","start":1342.83,"end":1343.39},{"text":"education,","start":1343.39,"end":1343.95},{"text":"the","start":1343.95,"end":1344.11},{"text":"idea","start":1344.11,"end":1344.43},{"text":"that","start":1344.43,"end":1344.59},{"text":"pre-primary","start":1344.59,"end":1345.31},{"text":"education","start":1345.31,"end":1345.87},{"text":"is","start":1345.87,"end":1346.03},{"text":"encompassed","start":1346.03,"end":1346.59},{"text":"within","start":1346.59,"end":1346.83},{"text":"the","start":1346.83,"end":1346.91},{"text":"right","start":1346.91,"end":1347.11},{"text":"to","start":1347.11,"end":1347.19},{"text":"education","start":1347.19,"end":1347.95},{"text":"is","start":1348.35,"end":1348.51},{"text":"not","start":1348.51,"end":1348.83},{"text":"in","start":1348.83,"end":1348.95},{"text":"dispute.","start":1348.95,"end":1349.47}]},{"text":"What is in question is whether the language of the CRC provides a sufficient legal mandate on pre-primary education.","start":1350.11,"end":1358.19,"topics":[{"key":"free-preprimary-secondary","label":"Free Pre-Primary and Secondary Education","description":"A central issue was whether the proposed optional protocol should explicitly guarantee at least one year of free public pre-primary education and free public secondary education, closing the gap left by current treaty language that clearly mandates free primary education only."},{"key":"treaty-complementarity","label":"Complementarity with Existing Treaties","description":"Delegations repeatedly discussed how any new protocol should relate to the CRC, ICESCR, SDG 4, and other instruments. The debate focused on whether the protocol would fill a genuine normative gap and strengthen implementation, or risk duplication and legal fragmentation."}],"words":[{"text":"What","start":1350.11,"end":1350.35},{"text":"is","start":1350.35,"end":1350.59},{"text":"in","start":1350.59,"end":1350.75},{"text":"question","start":1350.75,"end":1351.19},{"text":"is","start":1351.19,"end":1351.31},{"text":"whether","start":1351.31,"end":1351.55},{"text":"the","start":1351.55,"end":1351.63},{"text":"language","start":1351.63,"end":1352.03},{"text":"of","start":1352.03,"end":1352.11},{"text":"the","start":1352.11,"end":1352.23},{"text":"CRC","start":1352.23,"end":1352.99},{"text":"provides","start":1353.31,"end":1354.03},{"text":"a","start":1354.35,"end":1354.43},{"text":"sufficient","start":1354.59,"end":1355.39},{"text":"legal","start":1355.63,"end":1356.07},{"text":"mandate","start":1356.07,"end":1356.67},{"text":"on","start":1356.67,"end":1356.83},{"text":"pre-primary","start":1356.83,"end":1357.51},{"text":"education.","start":1357.51,"end":1358.19}]},{"text":"It is a foundational legal principle that express recognition of a right or a protected class offers greater protections.","start":1359.07,"end":1366.51,"topics":[{"key":"treaty-complementarity","label":"Complementarity with Existing Treaties","description":"Delegations repeatedly discussed how any new protocol should relate to the CRC, ICESCR, SDG 4, and other instruments. The debate focused on whether the protocol would fill a genuine normative gap and strengthen implementation, or risk duplication and legal fragmentation."},{"key":"non-regression-safeguards","label":"Non-Regression Safeguards","description":"Several participants emphasized that a new instrument must not weaken existing protections or allow narrower interpretations of current obligations. They supported language preserving stronger national laws and broader international standards already in force."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":1359.07,"end":1359.23},{"text":"is","start":1359.27,"end":1359.39},{"text":"a","start":1359.39,"end":1359.47},{"text":"foundational","start":1359.47,"end":1360.35},{"text":"legal","start":1360.35,"end":1360.59},{"text":"principle","start":1360.59,"end":1361.07},{"text":"that","start":1361.07,"end":1361.23},{"text":"express","start":1361.23,"end":1361.71},{"text":"recognition","start":1361.71,"end":1362.35},{"text":"of","start":1362.35,"end":1362.43},{"text":"a","start":1362.43,"end":1362.47},{"text":"right","start":1362.47,"end":1362.91},{"text":"or","start":1363.23,"end":1363.43},{"text":"a","start":1363.43,"end":1363.47},{"text":"protected","start":1363.47,"end":1363.95},{"text":"class","start":1363.95,"end":1364.51},{"text":"offers","start":1364.91,"end":1365.31},{"text":"greater","start":1365.31,"end":1365.71},{"text":"protections.","start":1365.71,"end":1366.51}]},{"text":"When we examine legal action to enforce education rights or advocacy at a policy level, we find that express recognition in treaty language or constitutions or national law makes a significant difference.","start":1366.87,"end":1379.31,"topics":[{"key":"monitoring-accountability","label":"Monitoring and Accountability","description":"Participants stressed that clearer legal obligations need effective follow-up through reporting, review, and accountability mechanisms. Discussion covered how to monitor implementation within existing CRC systems and how to ensure commitments are enforceable rather than merely aspirational."},{"key":"treaty-complementarity","label":"Complementarity with Existing Treaties","description":"Delegations repeatedly discussed how any new protocol should relate to the CRC, ICESCR, SDG 4, and other instruments. The debate focused on whether the protocol would fill a genuine normative gap and strengthen implementation, or risk duplication and legal fragmentation."}],"words":[{"text":"When","start":1366.87,"end":1367.07},{"text":"we","start":1367.07,"end":1367.23},{"text":"examine","start":1367.23,"end":1367.87},{"text":"legal","start":1367.87,"end":1368.19},{"text":"action","start":1368.19,"end":1368.59},{"text":"to","start":1368.59,"end":1368.67},{"text":"enforce","start":1368.67,"end":1369.07},{"text":"education","start":1369.07,"end":1369.71},{"text":"rights","start":1369.71,"end":1370.03},{"text":"or","start":1370.35,"end":1370.51},{"text":"advocacy","start":1370.51,"end":1371.11},{"text":"at","start":1371.11,"end":1371.23},{"text":"a","start":1371.23,"end":1371.31},{"text":"policy","start":1371.31,"end":1371.75},{"text":"level,","start":1371.75,"end":1372.11},{"text":"we","start":1372.35,"end":1372.59},{"text":"find","start":1372.59,"end":1372.79},{"text":"that","start":1372.79,"end":1372.91},{"text":"express","start":1372.91,"end":1373.47},{"text":"recognition","start":1373.47,"end":1374.03},{"text":"in","start":1374.03,"end":1374.19},{"text":"treaty","start":1374.19,"end":1374.51},{"text":"language","start":1374.51,"end":1374.99},{"text":"or","start":1375.23,"end":1375.39},{"text":"constitutions","start":1375.39,"end":1376.31},{"text":"or","start":1376.31,"end":1376.43},{"text":"national","start":1376.43,"end":1376.95},{"text":"law","start":1376.95,"end":1377.15},{"text":"makes","start":1377.63,"end":1378.11},{"text":"a","start":1378.11,"end":1378.15},{"text":"significant","start":1378.15,"end":1378.79},{"text":"difference.","start":1378.79,"end":1379.31}]},{"text":"The proposed optional protocol would do that by expressly affirming the right to education includes pre-primary education and by mandating at least one year of free pre-primary education.","start":1380.15,"end":1390.51,"topics":[{"key":"free-preprimary-secondary","label":"Free Pre-Primary and Secondary Education","description":"A central issue was whether the proposed optional protocol should explicitly guarantee at least one year of free public pre-primary education and free public secondary education, closing the gap left by current treaty language that clearly mandates free primary education only."},{"key":"education-continuum","label":"Education as a Continuum from Early Childhood Through Life","description":"Some interventions argued that the right to education should be understood as a continuous pathway beginning in early childhood and extending through secondary education and lifelong learning. This perspective connected early care, later school success, multiple learning pathways, and broader human development."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1380.15,"end":1380.19},{"text":"proposed","start":1380.19,"end":1380.67},{"text":"optional","start":1380.67,"end":1380.99},{"text":"protocol","start":1380.99,"end":1381.63},{"text":"would","start":1381.63,"end":1381.87},{"text":"do","start":1381.87,"end":1382.19},{"text":"that","start":1382.35,"end":1382.59},{"text":"by","start":1382.59,"end":1382.75},{"text":"expressly","start":1382.75,"end":1383.39},{"text":"affirming","start":1383.39,"end":1383.79},{"text":"the","start":1383.79,"end":1383.91},{"text":"right","start":1383.91,"end":1384.15},{"text":"to","start":1384.15,"end":1384.23},{"text":"education","start":1384.23,"end":1384.67},{"text":"includes","start":1384.67,"end":1385.07},{"text":"pre-primary","start":1385.07,"end":1385.55},{"text":"education","start":1385.55,"end":1386.11},{"text":"and","start":1386.51,"end":1386.87},{"text":"by","start":1386.87,"end":1387.07},{"text":"mandating","start":1387.07,"end":1387.59},{"text":"at","start":1387.59,"end":1387.71},{"text":"least","start":1387.71,"end":1387.95},{"text":"one","start":1387.95,"end":1388.27},{"text":"year","start":1388.27,"end":1388.59},{"text":"of","start":1388.87,"end":1388.99},{"text":"free","start":1388.99,"end":1389.31},{"text":"pre-primary","start":1389.31,"end":1389.95},{"text":"education.","start":1389.95,"end":1390.51}]},{"text":"For secondary education, while secondary education is addressed in the CRC, Article 28 does not impose the same obligation on states for secondary education as compared to primary education.","start":1391.39,"end":1401.79,"topics":[{"key":"free-preprimary-secondary","label":"Free Pre-Primary and Secondary Education","description":"A central issue was whether the proposed optional protocol should explicitly guarantee at least one year of free public pre-primary education and free public secondary education, closing the gap left by current treaty language that clearly mandates free primary education only."},{"key":"treaty-complementarity","label":"Complementarity with Existing Treaties","description":"Delegations repeatedly discussed how any new protocol should relate to the CRC, ICESCR, SDG 4, and other instruments. The debate focused on whether the protocol would fill a genuine normative gap and strengthen implementation, or risk duplication and legal fragmentation."}],"words":[{"text":"For","start":1391.39,"end":1391.55},{"text":"secondary","start":1391.55,"end":1392.03},{"text":"education,","start":1392.03,"end":1392.47},{"text":"while","start":1392.47,"end":1392.63},{"text":"secondary","start":1392.63,"end":1393.11},{"text":"education","start":1393.11,"end":1393.55},{"text":"is","start":1393.55,"end":1393.75},{"text":"addressed","start":1393.75,"end":1394.11},{"text":"in","start":1394.11,"end":1394.19},{"text":"the","start":1394.19,"end":1394.27},{"text":"CRC,","start":1394.27,"end":1394.91},{"text":"Article","start":1395.31,"end":1395.63},{"text":"28","start":1395.63,"end":1396.03},{"text":"does","start":1396.03,"end":1396.19},{"text":"not","start":1396.19,"end":1396.43},{"text":"impose","start":1396.43,"end":1396.87},{"text":"the","start":1396.87,"end":1396.95},{"text":"same","start":1396.95,"end":1397.23},{"text":"obligation","start":1397.23,"end":1397.83},{"text":"on","start":1397.83,"end":1397.95},{"text":"states","start":1397.95,"end":1398.43},{"text":"for","start":1398.83,"end":1399.07},{"text":"secondary","start":1399.07,"end":1399.51},{"text":"education","start":1399.51,"end":1400.11},{"text":"as","start":1400.19,"end":1400.39},{"text":"compared","start":1400.39,"end":1400.75},{"text":"to","start":1400.75,"end":1400.83},{"text":"primary","start":1400.83,"end":1401.23},{"text":"education.","start":1401.23,"end":1401.79}]},{"text":"There is no disputing that.","start":1402.51,"end":1403.79,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"There","start":1402.51,"end":1402.67},{"text":"is","start":1402.67,"end":1402.75},{"text":"no","start":1402.75,"end":1402.99},{"text":"disputing","start":1402.99,"end":1403.51},{"text":"that.","start":1403.51,"end":1403.79}]},{"text":"Indeed, the language of Article 28 on secondary education is not as strong as the mandate in the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights.","start":1404.15,"end":1412.07,"topics":[{"key":"free-preprimary-secondary","label":"Free Pre-Primary and Secondary Education","description":"A central issue was whether the proposed optional protocol should explicitly guarantee at least one year of free public pre-primary education and free public secondary education, closing the gap left by current treaty language that clearly mandates free primary education only."},{"key":"treaty-complementarity","label":"Complementarity with Existing Treaties","description":"Delegations repeatedly discussed how any new protocol should relate to the CRC, ICESCR, SDG 4, and other instruments. The debate focused on whether the protocol would fill a genuine normative gap and strengthen implementation, or risk duplication and legal fragmentation."}],"words":[{"text":"Indeed,","start":1404.15,"end":1404.43},{"text":"the","start":1404.43,"end":1404.55},{"text":"language","start":1404.55,"end":1404.95},{"text":"of","start":1404.95,"end":1405.03},{"text":"Article","start":1405.03,"end":1405.35},{"text":"28","start":1405.35,"end":1405.91},{"text":"on","start":1405.91,"end":1406.11},{"text":"secondary","start":1406.11,"end":1406.51},{"text":"education","start":1406.51,"end":1406.95},{"text":"is","start":1406.95,"end":1407.11},{"text":"not","start":1407.11,"end":1407.35},{"text":"as","start":1407.35,"end":1407.43},{"text":"strong","start":1407.43,"end":1407.71},{"text":"as","start":1407.71,"end":1407.83},{"text":"the","start":1407.83,"end":1407.91},{"text":"mandate","start":1407.91,"end":1408.31},{"text":"in","start":1408.31,"end":1408.43},{"text":"the","start":1408.43,"end":1408.51},{"text":"International","start":1408.51,"end":1409.03},{"text":"Covenant","start":1409.03,"end":1409.51},{"text":"on","start":1409.83,"end":1409.99},{"text":"Economic,","start":1410.03,"end":1410.55},{"text":"Social","start":1410.71,"end":1411.19},{"text":"and","start":1411.19,"end":1411.31},{"text":"Cultural","start":1411.31,"end":1411.71},{"text":"Rights.","start":1411.71,"end":1412.07}]},{"text":"The CRC does not require free secondary education for every child, but rather suggests the introduction of free education, secondary education, as an appropriate measure for states to consider.","start":1412.87,"end":1423.51,"topics":[{"key":"free-preprimary-secondary","label":"Free Pre-Primary and Secondary Education","description":"A central issue was whether the proposed optional protocol should explicitly guarantee at least one year of free public pre-primary education and free public secondary education, closing the gap left by current treaty language that clearly mandates free primary education only."},{"key":"treaty-complementarity","label":"Complementarity with Existing Treaties","description":"Delegations repeatedly discussed how any new protocol should relate to the CRC, ICESCR, SDG 4, and other instruments. The debate focused on whether the protocol would fill a genuine normative gap and strengthen implementation, or risk duplication and legal fragmentation."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1412.87,"end":1412.99},{"text":"CRC","start":1412.99,"end":1413.51},{"text":"does","start":1413.51,"end":1413.67},{"text":"not","start":1413.67,"end":1413.83},{"text":"require","start":1413.83,"end":1414.63},{"text":"free","start":1414.71,"end":1415.03},{"text":"secondary","start":1415.03,"end":1415.47},{"text":"education","start":1415.47,"end":1415.91},{"text":"for","start":1415.91,"end":1416.03},{"text":"every","start":1416.03,"end":1416.19},{"text":"child,","start":1416.19,"end":1416.63},{"text":"but","start":1416.87,"end":1417.03},{"text":"rather","start":1417.03,"end":1417.35},{"text":"suggests","start":1417.35,"end":1417.91},{"text":"the","start":1417.91,"end":1417.99},{"text":"introduction","start":1417.99,"end":1418.59},{"text":"of","start":1418.59,"end":1418.67},{"text":"free","start":1418.67,"end":1418.83},{"text":"education,","start":1418.83,"end":1419.59},{"text":"secondary","start":1419.67,"end":1420.19},{"text":"education,","start":1420.19,"end":1420.79},{"text":"as","start":1421.27,"end":1421.43},{"text":"an","start":1421.43,"end":1421.51},{"text":"appropriate","start":1421.51,"end":1422.07},{"text":"measure","start":1422.07,"end":1422.47},{"text":"for","start":1422.47,"end":1422.63},{"text":"states","start":1422.63,"end":1422.95},{"text":"to","start":1422.95,"end":1423.03},{"text":"consider.","start":1423.03,"end":1423.51}]},{"text":"After more than 35 years of the CRC and 60 years of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, it is clear that a stronger mandate is needed.","start":1424.23,"end":1432.99,"topics":[{"key":"treaty-complementarity","label":"Complementarity with Existing Treaties","description":"Delegations repeatedly discussed how any new protocol should relate to the CRC, ICESCR, SDG 4, and other instruments. The debate focused on whether the protocol would fill a genuine normative gap and strengthen implementation, or risk duplication and legal fragmentation."},{"key":"free-preprimary-secondary","label":"Free Pre-Primary and Secondary Education","description":"A central issue was whether the proposed optional protocol should explicitly guarantee at least one year of free public pre-primary education and free public secondary education, closing the gap left by current treaty language that clearly mandates free primary education only."}],"words":[{"text":"After","start":1424.23,"end":1424.55},{"text":"more","start":1424.55,"end":1424.71},{"text":"than","start":1424.71,"end":1424.95},{"text":"35","start":1424.95,"end":1425.43},{"text":"years","start":1425.43,"end":1425.67},{"text":"of","start":1425.67,"end":1425.75},{"text":"the","start":1425.75,"end":1425.83},{"text":"CRC","start":1425.83,"end":1426.63},{"text":"and","start":1427.11,"end":1427.27},{"text":"60","start":1427.27,"end":1427.75},{"text":"years","start":1427.75,"end":1428.03},{"text":"of","start":1428.03,"end":1428.15},{"text":"the","start":1428.15,"end":1428.23},{"text":"International","start":1428.23,"end":1428.75},{"text":"Covenant","start":1428.75,"end":1429.11},{"text":"on","start":1429.11,"end":1429.19},{"text":"Economic,","start":1429.19,"end":1429.51},{"text":"Social","start":1429.51,"end":1429.75},{"text":"and","start":1429.75,"end":1429.87},{"text":"Cultural","start":1429.87,"end":1430.23},{"text":"Rights,","start":1430.23,"end":1430.47},{"text":"it","start":1430.83,"end":1430.91},{"text":"is","start":1430.91,"end":1431.03},{"text":"clear","start":1431.03,"end":1431.27},{"text":"that","start":1431.27,"end":1431.39},{"text":"a","start":1431.39,"end":1431.43},{"text":"stronger","start":1431.43,"end":1431.99},{"text":"mandate","start":1431.99,"end":1432.47},{"text":"is","start":1432.47,"end":1432.63},{"text":"needed.","start":1432.63,"end":1432.99}]},{"text":"Statements have been made in this process that the challenge is not one of law, but rather implementation.","start":1434.23,"end":1439.59,"topics":[{"key":"monitoring-accountability","label":"Monitoring and Accountability","description":"Participants stressed that clearer legal obligations need effective follow-up through reporting, review, and accountability mechanisms. Discussion covered how to monitor implementation within existing CRC systems and how to ensure commitments are enforceable rather than merely aspirational."}],"words":[{"text":"Statements","start":1434.23,"end":1434.79},{"text":"have","start":1434.79,"end":1434.91},{"text":"been","start":1434.91,"end":1435.03},{"text":"made","start":1435.03,"end":1435.31},{"text":"in","start":1435.31,"end":1435.39},{"text":"this","start":1435.39,"end":1435.55},{"text":"process","start":1435.55,"end":1435.99},{"text":"that","start":1435.99,"end":1436.11},{"text":"the","start":1436.11,"end":1436.23},{"text":"challenge","start":1436.23,"end":1436.63},{"text":"is","start":1436.63,"end":1436.71},{"text":"not","start":1436.71,"end":1437.03},{"text":"one","start":1437.03,"end":1437.19},{"text":"of","start":1437.19,"end":1437.35},{"text":"law,","start":1437.35,"end":1437.75},{"text":"but","start":1438.07,"end":1438.23},{"text":"rather","start":1438.23,"end":1438.63},{"text":"implementation.","start":1438.63,"end":1439.59}]},{"text":"Implementation is a challenge for all human rights.","start":1440.87,"end":1443.51,"topics":[{"key":"monitoring-accountability","label":"Monitoring and Accountability","description":"Participants stressed that clearer legal obligations need effective follow-up through reporting, review, and accountability mechanisms. Discussion covered how to monitor implementation within existing CRC systems and how to ensure commitments are enforceable rather than merely aspirational."}],"words":[{"text":"Implementation","start":1440.87,"end":1441.71},{"text":"is","start":1441.71,"end":1441.83},{"text":"a","start":1441.83,"end":1441.91},{"text":"challenge","start":1441.91,"end":1442.39},{"text":"for","start":1442.39,"end":1442.55},{"text":"all","start":1442.55,"end":1442.79},{"text":"human","start":1442.79,"end":1443.03},{"text":"rights.","start":1443.03,"end":1443.51}]},{"text":"However, respectfully, it is incorrect to suggest that the process of strengthening law is an entirely separate project from implementation.","start":1444.15,"end":1452.79,"topics":[{"key":"monitoring-accountability","label":"Monitoring and Accountability","description":"Participants stressed that clearer legal obligations need effective follow-up through reporting, review, and accountability mechanisms. Discussion covered how to monitor implementation within existing CRC systems and how to ensure commitments are enforceable rather than merely aspirational."},{"key":"non-regression-safeguards","label":"Non-Regression Safeguards","description":"Several participants emphasized that a new instrument must not weaken existing protections or allow narrower interpretations of current obligations. They supported language preserving stronger national laws and broader international standards already in force."}],"words":[{"text":"However,","start":1444.15,"end":1444.71},{"text":"respectfully,","start":1444.71,"end":1445.51},{"text":"it","start":1445.91,"end":1446.03},{"text":"is","start":1446.07,"end":1446.23},{"text":"incorrect","start":1446.23,"end":1446.83},{"text":"to","start":1446.83,"end":1446.91},{"text":"suggest","start":1446.91,"end":1447.43},{"text":"that","start":1447.43,"end":1447.55},{"text":"the","start":1447.55,"end":1447.67},{"text":"process","start":1447.67,"end":1448.23},{"text":"of","start":1448.23,"end":1448.31},{"text":"strengthening","start":1448.31,"end":1448.87},{"text":"law","start":1448.87,"end":1449.35},{"text":"is","start":1449.67,"end":1449.87},{"text":"an","start":1449.87,"end":1449.95},{"text":"entirely","start":1449.95,"end":1450.71},{"text":"separate","start":1450.71,"end":1451.27},{"text":"project","start":1451.27,"end":1451.79},{"text":"from","start":1451.79,"end":1451.95},{"text":"implementation.","start":1451.95,"end":1452.79}]},{"text":"Law and implementation are intertwined.","start":1453.51,"end":1455.99,"topics":[{"key":"monitoring-accountability","label":"Monitoring and Accountability","description":"Participants stressed that clearer legal obligations need effective follow-up through reporting, review, and accountability mechanisms. Discussion covered how to monitor implementation within existing CRC systems and how to ensure commitments are enforceable rather than merely aspirational."}],"words":[{"text":"Law","start":1453.51,"end":1453.99},{"text":"and","start":1453.99,"end":1454.23},{"text":"implementation","start":1454.23,"end":1455.03},{"text":"are","start":1455.03,"end":1455.19},{"text":"intertwined.","start":1455.19,"end":1455.99}]},{"text":"Express recognition in law enhances capacities for implementation.","start":1456.51,"end":1460.95,"topics":[{"key":"monitoring-accountability","label":"Monitoring and Accountability","description":"Participants stressed that clearer legal obligations need effective follow-up through reporting, review, and accountability mechanisms. Discussion covered how to monitor implementation within existing CRC systems and how to ensure commitments are enforceable rather than merely aspirational."}],"words":[{"text":"Express","start":1456.51,"end":1457.03},{"text":"recognition","start":1457.03,"end":1457.83},{"text":"in","start":1457.99,"end":1458.15},{"text":"law","start":1458.15,"end":1458.55},{"text":"enhances","start":1458.59,"end":1459.27},{"text":"capacities","start":1459.27,"end":1459.99},{"text":"for","start":1459.99,"end":1460.11},{"text":"implementation.","start":1460.11,"end":1460.95}]},{"text":"There is an implementation gap.","start":1461.91,"end":1463.47,"topics":[{"key":"monitoring-accountability","label":"Monitoring and Accountability","description":"Participants stressed that clearer legal obligations need effective follow-up through reporting, review, and accountability mechanisms. Discussion covered how to monitor implementation within existing CRC systems and how to ensure commitments are enforceable rather than merely aspirational."}],"words":[{"text":"There","start":1461.91,"end":1462.15},{"text":"is","start":1462.15,"end":1462.31},{"text":"an","start":1462.31,"end":1462.39},{"text":"implementation","start":1462.39,"end":1463.19},{"text":"gap.","start":1463.19,"end":1463.47}]},{"text":"The question, however, is what provides the best set of tools to advance implementation?","start":1464.11,"end":1469.71,"topics":[{"key":"monitoring-accountability","label":"Monitoring and Accountability","description":"Participants stressed that clearer legal obligations need effective follow-up through reporting, review, and accountability mechanisms. Discussion covered how to monitor implementation within existing CRC systems and how to ensure commitments are enforceable rather than merely aspirational."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1464.11,"end":1464.23},{"text":"question,","start":1464.23,"end":1464.71},{"text":"however,","start":1464.71,"end":1465.15},{"text":"is","start":1465.15,"end":1465.27},{"text":"what","start":1465.27,"end":1465.55},{"text":"provides","start":1465.55,"end":1466.11},{"text":"the","start":1466.11,"end":1466.19},{"text":"best","start":1466.19,"end":1466.67},{"text":"set","start":1467.15,"end":1467.51},{"text":"of","start":1467.51,"end":1467.63},{"text":"tools","start":1467.63,"end":1468.27},{"text":"to","start":1468.27,"end":1468.43},{"text":"advance","start":1468.43,"end":1468.87},{"text":"implementation?","start":1468.87,"end":1469.71}]},{"text":"We know from both international law and the domestic law of states that express language, whether it be in the CRC or national law, is an important tool for implementation.","start":1470.51,"end":1480.83,"topics":[{"key":"monitoring-accountability","label":"Monitoring and Accountability","description":"Participants stressed that clearer legal obligations need effective follow-up through reporting, review, and accountability mechanisms. Discussion covered how to monitor implementation within existing CRC systems and how to ensure commitments are enforceable rather than merely aspirational."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":1470.51,"end":1470.71},{"text":"know","start":1470.71,"end":1470.91},{"text":"from","start":1470.91,"end":1471.07},{"text":"both","start":1471.07,"end":1471.31},{"text":"international","start":1471.31,"end":1472.23},{"text":"law","start":1472.23,"end":1472.31},{"text":"and","start":1472.43,"end":1472.59},{"text":"the","start":1472.59,"end":1472.67},{"text":"domestic","start":1472.67,"end":1473.23},{"text":"law","start":1473.23,"end":1473.51},{"text":"of","start":1473.51,"end":1473.63},{"text":"states","start":1473.63,"end":1474.19},{"text":"that","start":1474.35,"end":1474.55},{"text":"express","start":1474.55,"end":1475.15},{"text":"language,","start":1475.15,"end":1475.79},{"text":"whether","start":1475.99,"end":1476.31},{"text":"it","start":1476.31,"end":1476.39},{"text":"be","start":1476.39,"end":1476.51},{"text":"in","start":1476.51,"end":1476.59},{"text":"the","start":1476.59,"end":1476.71},{"text":"CRC","start":1476.71,"end":1477.39},{"text":"or","start":1477.39,"end":1477.55},{"text":"national","start":1477.55,"end":1478.31},{"text":"law,","start":1478.31,"end":1478.39},{"text":"is","start":1478.83,"end":1479.03},{"text":"an","start":1479.03,"end":1479.15},{"text":"important","start":1479.15,"end":1479.67},{"text":"tool","start":1479.67,"end":1479.87},{"text":"for","start":1479.87,"end":1479.99},{"text":"implementation.","start":1479.99,"end":1480.83}]},{"text":"It is why the Committee on the Rights of the Child has pressed states for express recognition of children's rights at the constitutional and national level.","start":1481.79,"end":1488.51,"topics":[{"key":"monitoring-accountability","label":"Monitoring and Accountability","description":"Participants stressed that clearer legal obligations need effective follow-up through reporting, review, and accountability mechanisms. Discussion covered how to monitor implementation within existing CRC systems and how to ensure commitments are enforceable rather than merely aspirational."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":1481.79,"end":1481.91},{"text":"is","start":1481.95,"end":1482.11},{"text":"why","start":1482.11,"end":1482.27},{"text":"the","start":1482.27,"end":1482.39},{"text":"Committee","start":1482.39,"end":1482.71},{"text":"on","start":1482.71,"end":1482.83},{"text":"the","start":1482.83,"end":1482.91},{"text":"Rights","start":1482.91,"end":1483.11},{"text":"of","start":1483.11,"end":1483.19},{"text":"the","start":1483.19,"end":1483.27},{"text":"Child","start":1483.27,"end":1483.51},{"text":"has","start":1483.51,"end":1483.71},{"text":"pressed","start":1483.71,"end":1484.07},{"text":"states","start":1484.07,"end":1484.51},{"text":"for","start":1484.75,"end":1484.95},{"text":"express","start":1484.95,"end":1485.47},{"text":"recognition","start":1485.47,"end":1485.99},{"text":"of","start":1485.99,"end":1486.07},{"text":"children's","start":1486.07,"end":1486.51},{"text":"rights","start":1486.51,"end":1486.67},{"text":"at","start":1486.67,"end":1486.75},{"text":"the","start":1486.75,"end":1486.83},{"text":"constitutional","start":1486.83,"end":1487.59},{"text":"and","start":1487.59,"end":1487.75},{"text":"national","start":1487.75,"end":1488.15},{"text":"level.","start":1488.15,"end":1488.51}]},{"text":"In short, at the international, national and local level, Evidence shows that having a strong legal mandate makes a difference and provides a powerful tool for children's rights implementation.","start":1489.07,"end":1500.39,"topics":[{"key":"monitoring-accountability","label":"Monitoring and Accountability","description":"Participants stressed that clearer legal obligations need effective follow-up through reporting, review, and accountability mechanisms. Discussion covered how to monitor implementation within existing CRC systems and how to ensure commitments are enforceable rather than merely aspirational."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":1489.07,"end":1489.23},{"text":"short,","start":1489.23,"end":1489.63},{"text":"at","start":1489.87,"end":1489.99},{"text":"the","start":1489.99,"end":1490.07},{"text":"international,","start":1490.11,"end":1490.75},{"text":"national","start":1490.75,"end":1491.23},{"text":"and","start":1491.23,"end":1491.35},{"text":"local","start":1491.35,"end":1491.67},{"text":"level,","start":1491.67,"end":1492.03},{"text":"Evidence","start":1492.47,"end":1492.99},{"text":"shows","start":1492.99,"end":1493.59},{"text":"that","start":1493.83,"end":1494.07},{"text":"having","start":1494.07,"end":1494.47},{"text":"a","start":1494.47,"end":1494.51},{"text":"strong","start":1494.51,"end":1494.95},{"text":"legal","start":1494.95,"end":1495.27},{"text":"mandate","start":1495.27,"end":1495.83},{"text":"makes","start":1496.15,"end":1496.55},{"text":"a","start":1496.55,"end":1496.59},{"text":"difference","start":1496.59,"end":1497.27},{"text":"and","start":1497.43,"end":1497.59},{"text":"provides","start":1497.59,"end":1497.99},{"text":"a","start":1497.99,"end":1498.07},{"text":"powerful","start":1498.07,"end":1498.63},{"text":"tool","start":1498.63,"end":1498.87},{"text":"for","start":1498.87,"end":1499.03},{"text":"children's","start":1499.03,"end":1499.51},{"text":"rights","start":1499.51,"end":1499.67},{"text":"implementation.","start":1499.67,"end":1500.39}]},{"text":"Next, on regression.","start":1501.67,"end":1502.87,"topics":[{"key":"non-regression-safeguards","label":"Non-Regression Safeguards","description":"Several participants emphasized that a new instrument must not weaken existing protections or allow narrower interpretations of current obligations. They supported language preserving stronger national laws and broader international standards already in force."}],"words":[{"text":"Next,","start":1501.67,"end":1502.07},{"text":"on","start":1502.07,"end":1502.23},{"text":"regression.","start":1502.23,"end":1502.87}]},{"text":"Concerns regarding regression center around two topics, reinterpretations of the CRC and justiciability.","start":1503.91,"end":1510.63,"topics":[{"key":"non-regression-safeguards","label":"Non-Regression Safeguards","description":"Several participants emphasized that a new instrument must not weaken existing protections or allow narrower interpretations of current obligations. They supported language preserving stronger national laws and broader international standards already in force."},{"key":"monitoring-accountability","label":"Monitoring and Accountability","description":"Participants stressed that clearer legal obligations need effective follow-up through reporting, review, and accountability mechanisms. Discussion covered how to monitor implementation within existing CRC systems and how to ensure commitments are enforceable rather than merely aspirational."}],"words":[{"text":"Concerns","start":1503.91,"end":1504.31},{"text":"regarding","start":1504.31,"end":1504.63},{"text":"regression","start":1504.63,"end":1505.19},{"text":"center","start":1505.19,"end":1505.47},{"text":"around","start":1505.47,"end":1505.71},{"text":"two","start":1505.71,"end":1505.91},{"text":"topics,","start":1505.91,"end":1506.47},{"text":"reinterpretations","start":1506.79,"end":1507.79},{"text":"of","start":1507.79,"end":1507.91},{"text":"the","start":1507.91,"end":1508.03},{"text":"CRC","start":1508.31,"end":1509.11},{"text":"and","start":1509.43,"end":1509.71},{"text":"justiciability.","start":1509.71,"end":1510.63}]},{"text":"Questions have been raised whether express recognition of free secondary education or free pre-primary education in an optional protocol would negatively affect interpretations of the CRC.","start":1511.99,"end":1522.79,"topics":[{"key":"non-regression-safeguards","label":"Non-Regression Safeguards","description":"Several participants emphasized that a new instrument must not weaken existing protections or allow narrower interpretations of current obligations. They supported language preserving stronger national laws and broader international standards already in force."},{"key":"free-preprimary-secondary","label":"Free Pre-Primary and Secondary Education","description":"A central issue was whether the proposed optional protocol should explicitly guarantee at least one year of free public pre-primary education and free public secondary education, closing the gap left by current treaty language that clearly mandates free primary education only."}],"words":[{"text":"Questions","start":1511.99,"end":1512.35},{"text":"have","start":1512.35,"end":1512.47},{"text":"been","start":1512.47,"end":1512.63},{"text":"raised","start":1512.63,"end":1512.91},{"text":"whether","start":1512.91,"end":1513.27},{"text":"express","start":1513.55,"end":1514.07},{"text":"recognition","start":1514.07,"end":1514.67},{"text":"of","start":1514.67,"end":1514.79},{"text":"free","start":1514.79,"end":1515.03},{"text":"secondary","start":1515.03,"end":1515.55},{"text":"education","start":1515.55,"end":1516.15},{"text":"or","start":1516.15,"end":1516.31},{"text":"free","start":1516.31,"end":1516.63},{"text":"pre-primary","start":1516.63,"end":1517.31},{"text":"education","start":1517.31,"end":1517.99},{"text":"in","start":1518.47,"end":1518.71},{"text":"an","start":1518.71,"end":1518.79},{"text":"optional","start":1518.79,"end":1519.11},{"text":"protocol","start":1519.11,"end":1519.59},{"text":"would","start":1519.59,"end":1519.79},{"text":"negatively","start":1519.79,"end":1520.39},{"text":"affect","start":1520.39,"end":1520.87},{"text":"interpretations","start":1521.19,"end":1521.99},{"text":"of","start":1521.99,"end":1522.07},{"text":"the","start":1522.07,"end":1522.19},{"text":"CRC.","start":1522.19,"end":1522.79}]},{"text":"Here, past practice offers important answers with respect to the impact of optional protocols on underlying treaties.","start":1523.75,"end":1530.55,"topics":[{"key":"treaty-complementarity","label":"Complementarity with Existing Treaties","description":"Delegations repeatedly discussed how any new protocol should relate to the CRC, ICESCR, SDG 4, and other instruments. The debate focused on whether the protocol would fill a genuine normative gap and strengthen implementation, or risk duplication and legal fragmentation."}],"words":[{"text":"Here,","start":1523.75,"end":1523.99},{"text":"past","start":1523.99,"end":1524.35},{"text":"practice","start":1524.35,"end":1524.87},{"text":"offers","start":1524.87,"end":1525.27},{"text":"important","start":1525.27,"end":1525.75},{"text":"answers","start":1525.75,"end":1526.23},{"text":"with","start":1526.23,"end":1526.39},{"text":"respect","start":1526.39,"end":1526.83},{"text":"to","start":1526.83,"end":1527.11},{"text":"the","start":1527.35,"end":1527.55},{"text":"impact","start":1527.55,"end":1527.99},{"text":"of","start":1527.99,"end":1528.07},{"text":"optional","start":1528.07,"end":1528.39},{"text":"protocols","start":1528.39,"end":1529.03},{"text":"on","start":1529.27,"end":1529.51},{"text":"underlying","start":1529.51,"end":1529.99},{"text":"treaties.","start":1529.99,"end":1530.55}]},{"text":"Optional protocols have been adopted to the CRC and other human rights treaties.","start":1531.11,"end":1534.23,"topics":[{"key":"treaty-complementarity","label":"Complementarity with Existing Treaties","description":"Delegations repeatedly discussed how any new protocol should relate to the CRC, ICESCR, SDG 4, and other instruments. The debate focused on whether the protocol would fill a genuine normative gap and strengthen implementation, or risk duplication and legal fragmentation."}],"words":[{"text":"Optional","start":1531.11,"end":1531.43},{"text":"protocols","start":1531.43,"end":1531.83},{"text":"have","start":1531.83,"end":1531.95},{"text":"been","start":1531.95,"end":1532.07},{"text":"adopted","start":1532.07,"end":1532.39},{"text":"to","start":1532.39,"end":1532.47},{"text":"the","start":1532.47,"end":1532.59},{"text":"CRC","start":1532.59,"end":1533.07},{"text":"and","start":1533.07,"end":1533.19},{"text":"other","start":1533.19,"end":1533.35},{"text":"human","start":1533.35,"end":1533.59},{"text":"rights","start":1533.59,"end":1533.75},{"text":"treaties.","start":1533.75,"end":1534.23}]},{"text":"In all my research, however, I have not identified a single instance where states concluded that an optional protocol negatively negated or whether an optional protocol negated or lessened the mandate of the underlying treaty.","start":1534.55,"end":1549.83,"topics":[{"key":"non-regression-safeguards","label":"Non-Regression Safeguards","description":"Several participants emphasized that a new instrument must not weaken existing protections or allow narrower interpretations of current obligations. They supported language preserving stronger national laws and broader international standards already in force."},{"key":"treaty-complementarity","label":"Complementarity with Existing Treaties","description":"Delegations repeatedly discussed how any new protocol should relate to the CRC, ICESCR, SDG 4, and other instruments. The debate focused on whether the protocol would fill a genuine normative gap and strengthen implementation, or risk duplication and legal fragmentation."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":1534.55,"end":1534.79},{"text":"all","start":1534.79,"end":1534.95},{"text":"my","start":1534.95,"end":1535.11},{"text":"research,","start":1535.11,"end":1535.67},{"text":"however,","start":1535.99,"end":1536.55},{"text":"I","start":1536.55,"end":1536.59},{"text":"have","start":1536.59,"end":1536.71},{"text":"not","start":1536.71,"end":1536.91},{"text":"identified","start":1536.91,"end":1537.43},{"text":"a","start":1537.43,"end":1537.51},{"text":"single","start":1537.51,"end":1537.91},{"text":"instance","start":1537.91,"end":1538.47},{"text":"where","start":1538.83,"end":1539.11},{"text":"states","start":1539.11,"end":1539.67},{"text":"concluded","start":1539.91,"end":1540.55},{"text":"that","start":1540.55,"end":1540.67},{"text":"an","start":1540.67,"end":1540.79},{"text":"optional","start":1540.87,"end":1541.31},{"text":"protocol","start":1541.31,"end":1541.83},{"text":"negatively","start":1541.83,"end":1542.71},{"text":"negated","start":1543.59,"end":1544.23},{"text":"or","start":1544.23,"end":1544.55},{"text":"whether","start":1544.91,"end":1545.35},{"text":"an","start":1545.35,"end":1545.43},{"text":"optional","start":1545.43,"end":1545.75},{"text":"protocol","start":1545.75,"end":1546.11},{"text":"negated","start":1546.11,"end":1546.95},{"text":"or","start":1547.11,"end":1547.35},{"text":"lessened","start":1547.35,"end":1547.95},{"text":"the","start":1547.95,"end":1548.03},{"text":"mandate","start":1548.03,"end":1548.63},{"text":"of","start":1548.63,"end":1548.79},{"text":"the","start":1548.79,"end":1548.91},{"text":"underlying","start":1548.91,"end":1549.43},{"text":"treaty.","start":1549.43,"end":1549.83}]},{"text":"The experience of the optional protocol on the sale of children, child prostitution and child *********** is instructive on this question.","start":1550.75,"end":1558.67,"topics":[{"key":"treaty-complementarity","label":"Complementarity with Existing Treaties","description":"Delegations repeatedly discussed how any new protocol should relate to the CRC, ICESCR, SDG 4, and other instruments. The debate focused on whether the protocol would fill a genuine normative gap and strengthen implementation, or risk duplication and legal fragmentation."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1550.75,"end":1550.87},{"text":"experience","start":1550.87,"end":1551.51},{"text":"of","start":1551.51,"end":1551.63},{"text":"the","start":1551.63,"end":1551.75},{"text":"optional","start":1551.75,"end":1552.15},{"text":"protocol","start":1552.15,"end":1552.59},{"text":"on","start":1552.59,"end":1552.67},{"text":"the","start":1552.67,"end":1552.79},{"text":"sale","start":1552.79,"end":1553.19},{"text":"of","start":1553.19,"end":1553.31},{"text":"children,","start":1553.31,"end":1553.87},{"text":"child","start":1554.03,"end":1554.31},{"text":"prostitution","start":1554.31,"end":1554.95},{"text":"and","start":1554.95,"end":1555.07},{"text":"child","start":1555.07,"end":1555.23},{"text":"***********","start":1555.23,"end":1556.67},{"text":"is","start":1556.99,"end":1557.23},{"text":"instructive","start":1557.23,"end":1557.87},{"text":"on","start":1557.87,"end":1557.99},{"text":"this","start":1557.99,"end":1558.19},{"text":"question.","start":1558.19,"end":1558.67}]},{"text":"When the OPSC was adopted, it included more detailed requirements than the CRC had on sexual exploitation of children.","start":1559.51,"end":1566.11,"topics":[{"key":"treaty-complementarity","label":"Complementarity with Existing Treaties","description":"Delegations repeatedly discussed how any new protocol should relate to the CRC, ICESCR, SDG 4, and other instruments. The debate focused on whether the protocol would fill a genuine normative gap and strengthen implementation, or risk duplication and legal fragmentation."}],"words":[{"text":"When","start":1559.51,"end":1559.71},{"text":"the","start":1559.71,"end":1559.83},{"text":"OPSC","start":1559.83,"end":1560.59},{"text":"was","start":1560.59,"end":1560.75},{"text":"adopted,","start":1560.75,"end":1561.39},{"text":"it","start":1561.71,"end":1561.83},{"text":"included","start":1561.83,"end":1562.35},{"text":"more","start":1562.35,"end":1562.59},{"text":"detailed","start":1562.59,"end":1563.03},{"text":"requirements","start":1563.03,"end":1563.75},{"text":"than","start":1563.75,"end":1563.87},{"text":"the","start":1563.87,"end":1563.95},{"text":"CRC","start":1563.95,"end":1564.43},{"text":"had","start":1564.43,"end":1564.59},{"text":"on","start":1564.59,"end":1564.75},{"text":"sexual","start":1564.75,"end":1565.11},{"text":"exploitation","start":1565.11,"end":1565.63},{"text":"of","start":1565.63,"end":1565.71},{"text":"children.","start":1565.71,"end":1566.11}]},{"text":"However, that did not mean that states could reinterpret the CRC as requiring less with respect to preventing sexual exploitation of children.","start":1566.75,"end":1574.67,"topics":[{"key":"non-regression-safeguards","label":"Non-Regression Safeguards","description":"Several participants emphasized that a new instrument must not weaken existing protections or allow narrower interpretations of current obligations. They supported language preserving stronger national laws and broader international standards already in force."}],"words":[{"text":"However,","start":1566.75,"end":1567.15},{"text":"that","start":1567.15,"end":1567.27},{"text":"did","start":1567.27,"end":1567.39},{"text":"not","start":1567.39,"end":1567.63},{"text":"mean","start":1567.63,"end":1567.91},{"text":"that","start":1567.91,"end":1568.11},{"text":"states","start":1568.11,"end":1568.55},{"text":"could","start":1568.55,"end":1568.75},{"text":"reinterpret","start":1568.75,"end":1569.43},{"text":"the","start":1569.43,"end":1569.51},{"text":"CRC","start":1569.51,"end":1570.27},{"text":"as","start":1570.51,"end":1570.67},{"text":"requiring","start":1570.67,"end":1571.23},{"text":"less","start":1571.23,"end":1571.63},{"text":"with","start":1571.95,"end":1572.11},{"text":"respect","start":1572.11,"end":1572.55},{"text":"to","start":1572.55,"end":1572.63},{"text":"preventing","start":1572.63,"end":1573.15},{"text":"sexual","start":1573.15,"end":1573.51},{"text":"exploitation","start":1573.51,"end":1574.11},{"text":"of","start":1574.11,"end":1574.19},{"text":"children.","start":1574.19,"end":1574.67}]},{"text":"If OP4 is adopted, it will provide express mandates.","start":1575.47,"end":1579.95,"topics":[{"key":"free-preprimary-secondary","label":"Free Pre-Primary and Secondary Education","description":"A central issue was whether the proposed optional protocol should explicitly guarantee at least one year of free public pre-primary education and free public secondary education, closing the gap left by current treaty language that clearly mandates free primary education only."}],"words":[{"text":"If","start":1575.47,"end":1575.63},{"text":"OP4","start":1575.75,"end":1576.43},{"text":"is","start":1576.43,"end":1576.59},{"text":"adopted,","start":1576.59,"end":1577.15},{"text":"it","start":1577.55,"end":1577.71},{"text":"will","start":1577.71,"end":1578.03},{"text":"provide","start":1578.31,"end":1578.71},{"text":"express","start":1578.71,"end":1579.23},{"text":"mandates.","start":1579.23,"end":1579.95}]},{"text":"But that would not allow states to reinterpret and deny their duties under CRC Article 28.","start":1580.95,"end":1586.07,"topics":[{"key":"non-regression-safeguards","label":"Non-Regression Safeguards","description":"Several participants emphasized that a new instrument must not weaken existing protections or allow narrower interpretations of current obligations. They supported language preserving stronger national laws and broader international standards already in force."}],"words":[{"text":"But","start":1580.95,"end":1581.11},{"text":"that","start":1581.11,"end":1581.31},{"text":"would","start":1581.31,"end":1581.43},{"text":"not","start":1581.43,"end":1581.75},{"text":"allow","start":1581.75,"end":1581.99},{"text":"states","start":1581.99,"end":1582.47},{"text":"to","start":1582.47,"end":1582.59},{"text":"reinterpret","start":1582.59,"end":1583.35},{"text":"and","start":1583.35,"end":1583.47},{"text":"deny","start":1583.47,"end":1583.83},{"text":"their","start":1583.83,"end":1584.07},{"text":"duties","start":1584.07,"end":1584.39},{"text":"under","start":1584.39,"end":1584.63},{"text":"CRC","start":1584.63,"end":1585.15},{"text":"Article","start":1585.15,"end":1585.51},{"text":"28.","start":1585.51,"end":1586.07}]},{"text":"Moreover, express provisions could be drafted and included in the optional protocol to affirm this point, as principle three suggests.","start":1586.63,"end":1595.19,"topics":[{"key":"non-regression-safeguards","label":"Non-Regression Safeguards","description":"Several participants emphasized that a new instrument must not weaken existing protections or allow narrower interpretations of current obligations. They supported language preserving stronger national laws and broader international standards already in force."}],"words":[{"text":"Moreover,","start":1586.63,"end":1587.11},{"text":"express","start":1587.11,"end":1587.59},{"text":"provisions","start":1587.59,"end":1588.23},{"text":"could","start":1588.23,"end":1588.47},{"text":"be","start":1588.47,"end":1588.55},{"text":"drafted","start":1588.55,"end":1589.19},{"text":"and","start":1589.43,"end":1589.59},{"text":"included","start":1589.59,"end":1590.19},{"text":"in","start":1590.19,"end":1590.31},{"text":"the","start":1590.31,"end":1590.39},{"text":"optional","start":1590.39,"end":1590.87},{"text":"protocol","start":1590.87,"end":1591.59},{"text":"to","start":1591.99,"end":1592.15},{"text":"affirm","start":1592.15,"end":1592.55},{"text":"this","start":1592.55,"end":1592.71},{"text":"point,","start":1592.71,"end":1593.11},{"text":"as","start":1593.19,"end":1593.35},{"text":"principle","start":1593.35,"end":1593.83},{"text":"three","start":1593.83,"end":1594.23},{"text":"suggests.","start":1594.47,"end":1595.19}]},{"text":"Stepping back from the specifics of the optional protocol, it's important to emphasize that international law is clear that reinterpreting human rights treaties to reduce obligations is inconsistent with the principle of non-regression or non-retrogression.","start":1595.99,"end":1608.95,"topics":[{"key":"non-regression-safeguards","label":"Non-Regression Safeguards","description":"Several participants emphasized that a new instrument must not weaken existing protections or allow narrower interpretations of current obligations. They supported language preserving stronger national laws and broader international standards already in force."}],"words":[{"text":"Stepping","start":1595.99,"end":1596.39},{"text":"back","start":1596.39,"end":1596.67},{"text":"from","start":1596.67,"end":1596.83},{"text":"the","start":1596.83,"end":1596.91},{"text":"specifics","start":1596.91,"end":1597.43},{"text":"of","start":1597.43,"end":1597.51},{"text":"the","start":1597.51,"end":1597.63},{"text":"optional","start":1597.63,"end":1597.91},{"text":"protocol,","start":1597.91,"end":1598.23},{"text":"it's","start":1598.23,"end":1598.47},{"text":"important","start":1598.47,"end":1598.83},{"text":"to","start":1598.83,"end":1598.91},{"text":"emphasize","start":1598.91,"end":1599.27},{"text":"that","start":1599.27,"end":1599.43},{"text":"international","start":1599.43,"end":1600.51},{"text":"law","start":1600.51,"end":1600.59},{"text":"is","start":1600.79,"end":1601.03},{"text":"clear","start":1601.03,"end":1601.51},{"text":"that","start":1601.51,"end":1601.67},{"text":"reinterpreting","start":1601.67,"end":1602.63},{"text":"human","start":1602.95,"end":1603.27},{"text":"rights","start":1603.27,"end":1603.43},{"text":"treaties","start":1603.43,"end":1603.75},{"text":"to","start":1603.75,"end":1603.87},{"text":"reduce","start":1603.87,"end":1604.31},{"text":"obligations","start":1604.31,"end":1605.03},{"text":"is","start":1605.27,"end":1605.51},{"text":"inconsistent","start":1605.51,"end":1606.31},{"text":"with","start":1606.31,"end":1606.43},{"text":"the","start":1606.43,"end":1606.55},{"text":"principle","start":1606.55,"end":1606.99},{"text":"of","start":1606.99,"end":1607.07},{"text":"non-regression","start":1607.11,"end":1607.87},{"text":"or","start":1607.87,"end":1607.99},{"text":"non-retrogression.","start":1607.99,"end":1608.95}]},{"text":"It also would be a violation of Article 26 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, which requires that treaty obligations be performed by states in good faith, and Article 31 of the Vienna Convention, which obligates states to interpret the CRC in good faith in accordance with the ordinary meaning given to the terms of the treaty in their context and in light of its object and purpose.","start":1609.75,"end":1631.75,"topics":[{"key":"non-regression-safeguards","label":"Non-Regression Safeguards","description":"Several participants emphasized that a new instrument must not weaken existing protections or allow narrower interpretations of current obligations. They supported language preserving stronger national laws and broader international standards already in force."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":1609.75,"end":1609.91},{"text":"also","start":1609.91,"end":1610.15},{"text":"would","start":1610.15,"end":1610.31},{"text":"be","start":1610.31,"end":1610.39},{"text":"a","start":1610.39,"end":1610.47},{"text":"violation","start":1610.47,"end":1611.15},{"text":"of","start":1611.15,"end":1611.23},{"text":"Article","start":1611.23,"end":1611.51},{"text":"26","start":1611.51,"end":1612.07},{"text":"of","start":1612.07,"end":1612.15},{"text":"the","start":1612.15,"end":1612.23},{"text":"Vienna","start":1612.23,"end":1612.47},{"text":"Convention","start":1612.47,"end":1612.87},{"text":"on","start":1612.87,"end":1612.95},{"text":"the","start":1612.95,"end":1613.03},{"text":"Law","start":1613.03,"end":1613.15},{"text":"of","start":1613.15,"end":1613.27},{"text":"Treaties,","start":1613.27,"end":1613.75},{"text":"which","start":1614.11,"end":1614.31},{"text":"requires","start":1614.31,"end":1614.79},{"text":"that","start":1614.79,"end":1615.03},{"text":"treaty","start":1615.27,"end":1615.59},{"text":"obligations","start":1615.59,"end":1616.39},{"text":"be","start":1616.63,"end":1616.79},{"text":"performed","start":1616.79,"end":1617.27},{"text":"by","start":1617.27,"end":1617.39},{"text":"states","start":1617.39,"end":1617.75},{"text":"in","start":1617.75,"end":1617.91},{"text":"good","start":1617.91,"end":1618.07},{"text":"faith,","start":1618.07,"end":1618.39},{"text":"and","start":1618.87,"end":1619.11},{"text":"Article","start":1619.11,"end":1619.47},{"text":"31","start":1619.47,"end":1620.07},{"text":"of","start":1620.07,"end":1620.15},{"text":"the","start":1620.15,"end":1620.27},{"text":"Vienna","start":1620.27,"end":1620.63},{"text":"Convention,","start":1620.63,"end":1621.27},{"text":"which","start":1621.55,"end":1621.83},{"text":"obligates","start":1621.83,"end":1622.35},{"text":"states","start":1622.35,"end":1622.63},{"text":"to","start":1622.63,"end":1622.79},{"text":"interpret","start":1622.79,"end":1623.31},{"text":"the","start":1623.31,"end":1623.43},{"text":"CRC","start":1623.43,"end":1623.95},{"text":"in","start":1623.95,"end":1624.07},{"text":"good","start":1624.07,"end":1624.31},{"text":"faith","start":1624.31,"end":1624.59},{"text":"in","start":1625.11,"end":1625.27},{"text":"accordance","start":1625.27,"end":1625.75},{"text":"with","start":1625.75,"end":1625.87},{"text":"the","start":1625.87,"end":1625.95},{"text":"ordinary","start":1626.31,"end":1626.79},{"text":"meaning","start":1626.79,"end":1627.11},{"text":"given","start":1627.11,"end":1627.35},{"text":"to","start":1627.35,"end":1627.43},{"text":"the","start":1627.43,"end":1627.51},{"text":"terms","start":1627.51,"end":1627.79},{"text":"of","start":1627.79,"end":1627.87},{"text":"the","start":1627.87,"end":1627.95},{"text":"treaty","start":1627.95,"end":1628.39},{"text":"in","start":1628.63,"end":1628.83},{"text":"their","start":1628.83,"end":1628.95},{"text":"context","start":1628.95,"end":1629.63},{"text":"and","start":1629.91,"end":1630.07},{"text":"in","start":1630.07,"end":1630.15},{"text":"light","start":1630.15,"end":1630.51},{"text":"of","start":1630.51,"end":1630.59},{"text":"its","start":1630.59,"end":1630.79},{"text":"object","start":1630.79,"end":1631.15},{"text":"and","start":1631.15,"end":1631.27},{"text":"purpose.","start":1631.27,"end":1631.75}]},{"text":"Both past practice and well-established international law, including the Vienna Convention, point to one conclusion, a new optional protocol would not allow or imply a regressive interpretation of the CRC.","start":1632.39,"end":1646.55,"topics":[{"key":"non-regression-safeguards","label":"Non-Regression Safeguards","description":"Several participants emphasized that a new instrument must not weaken existing protections or allow narrower interpretations of current obligations. 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The debate focused on whether the protocol would fill a genuine normative gap and strengthen implementation, or risk duplication and legal fragmentation."}],"words":[{"text":"Both","start":1632.39,"end":1632.67},{"text":"past","start":1632.71,"end":1633.15},{"text":"practice","start":1633.15,"end":1633.63},{"text":"and","start":1633.63,"end":1633.79},{"text":"well-established","start":1633.79,"end":1634.71},{"text":"international","start":1635.03,"end":1635.75},{"text":"law,","start":1635.75,"end":1635.83},{"text":"including","start":1635.83,"end":1636.23},{"text":"the","start":1636.23,"end":1636.31},{"text":"Vienna","start":1636.31,"end":1636.55},{"text":"Convention,","start":1636.55,"end":1637.19},{"text":"point","start":1637.67,"end":1637.95},{"text":"to","start":1637.95,"end":1638.07},{"text":"one","start":1638.07,"end":1638.39},{"text":"conclusion,","start":1638.39,"end":1639.11},{"text":"a","start":1639.43,"end":1639.47},{"text":"new","start":1639.47,"end":1639.75},{"text":"optional","start":1639.75,"end":1640.15},{"text":"protocol","start":1640.15,"end":1640.87},{"text":"would","start":1641.03,"end":1641.27},{"text":"not","start":1641.27,"end":1641.59},{"text":"allow","start":1641.59,"end":1642.15},{"text":"or","start":1642.15,"end":1642.39},{"text":"imply","start":1642.39,"end":1643.03},{"text":"a","start":1643.27,"end":1643.35},{"text":"regressive","start":1643.35,"end":1644.35},{"text":"interpretation","start":1644.79,"end":1645.67},{"text":"of","start":1645.71,"end":1645.83},{"text":"the","start":1645.83,"end":1645.91},{"text":"CRC.","start":1645.91,"end":1646.55}]},{"text":"The second question centers around regression.","start":1646.95,"end":1652.23,"topics":[{"key":"non-regression-safeguards","label":"Non-Regression Safeguards","description":"Several participants emphasized that a new instrument must not weaken existing protections or allow narrower interpretations of current obligations. They supported language preserving stronger national laws and broader international standards already in force."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1646.95,"end":1647.03},{"text":"second","start":1648.23,"end":1648.63},{"text":"question","start":1648.71,"end":1650.07},{"text":"centers","start":1650.63,"end":1651.03},{"text":"around","start":1651.03,"end":1651.39},{"text":"regression.","start":1651.39,"end":1652.23}]},{"text":"The scope of the optional protocol on a communications procedure, OPIC, was written as a closed list.","start":1652.71,"end":1658.31,"topics":[{"key":"monitoring-accountability","label":"Monitoring and Accountability","description":"Participants stressed that clearer legal obligations need effective follow-up through reporting, review, and accountability mechanisms. Discussion covered how to monitor implementation within existing CRC systems and how to ensure commitments are enforceable rather than merely aspirational."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1652.71,"end":1652.83},{"text":"scope","start":1652.87,"end":1653.19},{"text":"of","start":1653.19,"end":1653.27},{"text":"the","start":1653.27,"end":1653.39},{"text":"optional","start":1653.39,"end":1653.75},{"text":"protocol","start":1653.75,"end":1654.19},{"text":"on","start":1654.19,"end":1654.31},{"text":"a","start":1654.31,"end":1654.35},{"text":"communications","start":1654.35,"end":1655.11},{"text":"procedure,","start":1655.11,"end":1655.67},{"text":"OPIC,","start":1655.67,"end":1656.15},{"text":"was","start":1656.63,"end":1656.87},{"text":"written","start":1656.87,"end":1657.19},{"text":"as","start":1657.19,"end":1657.35},{"text":"a","start":1657.35,"end":1657.43},{"text":"closed","start":1657.43,"end":1657.95},{"text":"list.","start":1657.95,"end":1658.31}]},{"text":"This process cannot change that.","start":1659.35,"end":1661.11,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":1659.35,"end":1659.59},{"text":"process","start":1659.59,"end":1660.23},{"text":"cannot","start":1660.23,"end":1660.55},{"text":"change","start":1660.55,"end":1660.87},{"text":"that.","start":1660.87,"end":1661.11}]},{"text":"However, consider for a moment if OPIC had been the first optional protocol adopted.","start":1662.31,"end":1667.11,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"However,","start":1662.31,"end":1662.71},{"text":"consider","start":1662.71,"end":1663.19},{"text":"for","start":1663.19,"end":1663.39},{"text":"a","start":1663.39,"end":1663.43},{"text":"moment","start":1663.43,"end":1663.91},{"text":"if","start":1663.99,"end":1664.15},{"text":"OPIC","start":1664.23,"end":1664.59},{"text":"had","start":1664.59,"end":1664.75},{"text":"been","start":1664.75,"end":1664.87},{"text":"the","start":1664.87,"end":1664.95},{"text":"first","start":1664.95,"end":1665.35},{"text":"optional","start":1665.35,"end":1665.75},{"text":"protocol","start":1665.75,"end":1666.39},{"text":"adopted.","start":1666.47,"end":1667.11}]},{"text":"as was the case with other human rights treaties.","start":1667.71,"end":1669.95,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"as","start":1667.71,"end":1667.95},{"text":"was","start":1667.95,"end":1668.11},{"text":"the","start":1668.11,"end":1668.19},{"text":"case","start":1668.19,"end":1668.51},{"text":"with","start":1668.51,"end":1668.63},{"text":"other","start":1668.67,"end":1668.91},{"text":"human","start":1668.91,"end":1669.15},{"text":"rights","start":1669.15,"end":1669.43},{"text":"treaties.","start":1669.43,"end":1669.95}]},{"text":"If so, we would not say that a claim cannot be brought under the CRC regarding sexual exploitation of children simply because a state had ratified OPSC.","start":1670.91,"end":1681.39,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"If","start":1670.91,"end":1671.11},{"text":"so,","start":1671.11,"end":1671.47},{"text":"we","start":1671.47,"end":1671.55},{"text":"would","start":1671.55,"end":1671.71},{"text":"not","start":1671.71,"end":1671.95},{"text":"say","start":1671.95,"end":1672.11},{"text":"that","start":1672.11,"end":1672.31},{"text":"a","start":1672.31,"end":1672.35},{"text":"claim","start":1672.35,"end":1672.83},{"text":"cannot","start":1672.83,"end":1673.39},{"text":"be","start":1673.39,"end":1673.55},{"text":"brought","start":1673.55,"end":1673.87},{"text":"under","start":1673.87,"end":1674.11},{"text":"the","start":1674.11,"end":1674.19},{"text":"CRC","start":1674.19,"end":1675.07},{"text":"regarding","start":1675.39,"end":1675.87},{"text":"sexual","start":1675.87,"end":1676.35},{"text":"exploitation","start":1676.35,"end":1677.07},{"text":"of","start":1677.07,"end":1677.15},{"text":"children","start":1677.15,"end":1677.63},{"text":"simply","start":1677.95,"end":1678.51},{"text":"because","start":1678.99,"end":1679.35},{"text":"a","start":1679.35,"end":1679.39},{"text":"state","start":1679.39,"end":1679.71},{"text":"had","start":1679.71,"end":1679.95},{"text":"ratified","start":1679.95,"end":1680.51},{"text":"OPSC.","start":1680.51,"end":1681.39}]},{"text":"The same principle will hold true with a new optional protocol on the right to education.","start":1682.19,"end":1686.11,"topics":[{"key":"treaty-complementarity","label":"Complementarity with Existing Treaties","description":"Delegations repeatedly discussed how any new protocol should relate to the CRC, ICESCR, SDG 4, and other instruments. The debate focused on whether the protocol would fill a genuine normative gap and strengthen implementation, or risk duplication and legal fragmentation."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1682.19,"end":1682.31},{"text":"same","start":1682.31,"end":1682.59},{"text":"principle","start":1682.59,"end":1683.07},{"text":"will","start":1683.07,"end":1683.23},{"text":"hold","start":1683.23,"end":1683.51},{"text":"true","start":1683.51,"end":1683.79},{"text":"with","start":1683.79,"end":1683.99},{"text":"a","start":1683.99,"end":1684.03},{"text":"new","start":1684.03,"end":1684.27},{"text":"optional","start":1684.27,"end":1684.67},{"text":"protocol","start":1684.67,"end":1685.07},{"text":"on","start":1685.07,"end":1685.15},{"text":"the","start":1685.15,"end":1685.23},{"text":"right","start":1685.23,"end":1685.43},{"text":"to","start":1685.43,"end":1685.51},{"text":"education.","start":1685.51,"end":1686.11}]},{"text":"In addition, and importantly, the proposed scope of the new optional protocol would not change at all the ability to bring claims against a state that ratified OPIC for discrimination in education, for violations of children's rights during school discipline, and other issues covered by the CRC.","start":1687.15,"end":1704.55,"topics":[{"key":"treaty-complementarity","label":"Complementarity with Existing Treaties","description":"Delegations repeatedly discussed how any new protocol should relate to the CRC, ICESCR, SDG 4, and other instruments. 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They supported language preserving stronger national laws and broader international standards already in force."}],"words":[{"text":"Far","start":1729.87,"end":1730.27},{"text":"from","start":1730.27,"end":1730.51},{"text":"regression,","start":1730.51,"end":1731.15},{"text":"that","start":1731.47,"end":1731.67},{"text":"would","start":1731.67,"end":1731.79},{"text":"help","start":1731.79,"end":1732.03},{"text":"advance","start":1732.03,"end":1732.43},{"text":"implementation.","start":1732.43,"end":1733.31}]},{"text":"Let me close with one final thought.","start":1734.27,"end":1735.87,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Let","start":1734.27,"end":1734.39},{"text":"me","start":1734.39,"end":1734.51},{"text":"close","start":1734.51,"end":1734.83},{"text":"with","start":1734.83,"end":1734.95},{"text":"one","start":1734.95,"end":1735.23},{"text":"final","start":1735.23,"end":1735.59},{"text":"thought.","start":1735.59,"end":1735.87}]},{"text":"Drafting legal instruments, treaties, constitutions, national law is a challenging process.","start":1737.11,"end":1743.15,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Drafting","start":1737.11,"end":1737.55},{"text":"legal","start":1737.55,"end":1737.83},{"text":"instruments,","start":1737.83,"end":1738.51},{"text":"treaties,","start":1738.59,"end":1739.15},{"text":"constitutions,","start":1739.39,"end":1740.35},{"text":"national","start":1740.35,"end":1741.19},{"text":"law","start":1741.19,"end":1741.27},{"text":"is","start":1741.63,"end":1741.83},{"text":"a","start":1741.83,"end":1741.87},{"text":"challenging","start":1741.87,"end":1742.47},{"text":"process.","start":1742.47,"end":1743.15}]},{"text":"However, we have an opportunity to address a significant issue.","start":1743.55,"end":1746.99,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"However,","start":1743.55,"end":1743.95},{"text":"we","start":1743.95,"end":1744.11},{"text":"have","start":1744.11,"end":1744.27},{"text":"an","start":1744.27,"end":1744.51},{"text":"opportunity","start":1744.51,"end":1745.23},{"text":"to","start":1745.23,"end":1745.39},{"text":"address","start":1745.39,"end":1745.83},{"text":"a","start":1745.83,"end":1745.87},{"text":"significant","start":1745.91,"end":1746.55},{"text":"issue.","start":1746.55,"end":1746.99}]},{"text":"the right to education, and have international law reflect what we know today is critical for all children.","start":1747.59,"end":1753.35,"topics":[{"key":"free-preprimary-secondary","label":"Free Pre-Primary and Secondary Education","description":"A central issue was whether the proposed optional protocol should explicitly guarantee at least one year of free public pre-primary education and free public secondary education, closing the gap left by current treaty language that clearly mandates free primary education only."}],"words":[{"text":"the","start":1747.59,"end":1747.63},{"text":"right","start":1747.63,"end":1747.87},{"text":"to","start":1747.87,"end":1747.95},{"text":"education,","start":1747.95,"end":1748.63},{"text":"and","start":1748.83,"end":1749.03},{"text":"have","start":1749.03,"end":1749.35},{"text":"international","start":1749.35,"end":1750.11},{"text":"law","start":1750.11,"end":1750.23},{"text":"reflect","start":1750.23,"end":1750.87},{"text":"what","start":1750.99,"end":1751.23},{"text":"we","start":1751.23,"end":1751.35},{"text":"know","start":1751.35,"end":1751.59},{"text":"today","start":1751.59,"end":1751.87},{"text":"is","start":1751.87,"end":1751.99},{"text":"critical","start":1751.99,"end":1752.47},{"text":"for","start":1752.47,"end":1752.63},{"text":"all","start":1752.63,"end":1752.87},{"text":"children.","start":1752.87,"end":1753.35}]},{"text":"Whatever differences of opinion that may exist, I respectfully request states to fully consider this important juncture.","start":1755.07,"end":1762.23,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Whatever","start":1755.07,"end":1755.51},{"text":"differences","start":1755.51,"end":1755.99},{"text":"of","start":1755.99,"end":1756.15},{"text":"opinion","start":1756.15,"end":1756.71},{"text":"that","start":1756.87,"end":1757.03},{"text":"may","start":1757.03,"end":1757.23},{"text":"exist,","start":1757.23,"end":1757.71},{"text":"I","start":1758.15,"end":1758.23},{"text":"respectfully","start":1758.63,"end":1759.43},{"text":"request","start":1759.43,"end":1759.95},{"text":"states","start":1759.95,"end":1760.23},{"text":"to","start":1760.23,"end":1760.31},{"text":"fully","start":1760.31,"end":1760.71},{"text":"consider","start":1760.71,"end":1761.11},{"text":"this","start":1761.11,"end":1761.31},{"text":"important","start":1761.31,"end":1761.75},{"text":"juncture.","start":1761.75,"end":1762.23}]},{"text":"If we go forward thoughtfully and produce an optional protocol based on the key principles, then we can forge a strong mandate that provides a foundation for coordinated action.","start":1762.95,"end":1773.43,"topics":[{"key":"monitoring-accountability","label":"Monitoring and Accountability","description":"Participants stressed that clearer legal obligations need effective follow-up through reporting, review, and accountability mechanisms. Discussion covered how to monitor implementation within existing CRC systems and how to ensure commitments are enforceable rather than merely aspirational."}],"words":[{"text":"If","start":1762.95,"end":1763.11},{"text":"we","start":1763.11,"end":1763.27},{"text":"go","start":1763.27,"end":1763.51},{"text":"forward","start":1763.51,"end":1763.87},{"text":"thoughtfully","start":1763.87,"end":1764.63},{"text":"and","start":1764.87,"end":1765.03},{"text":"produce","start":1765.03,"end":1765.39},{"text":"an","start":1765.39,"end":1765.51},{"text":"optional","start":1765.51,"end":1765.91},{"text":"protocol","start":1765.91,"end":1766.31},{"text":"based","start":1766.31,"end":1766.67},{"text":"on","start":1766.67,"end":1766.95},{"text":"the","start":1766.95,"end":1767.03},{"text":"key","start":1767.03,"end":1767.27},{"text":"principles,","start":1767.27,"end":1767.91},{"text":"then","start":1768.31,"end":1768.47},{"text":"we","start":1768.47,"end":1768.55},{"text":"can","start":1768.55,"end":1768.71},{"text":"forge","start":1768.71,"end":1769.11},{"text":"a","start":1769.11,"end":1769.15},{"text":"strong","start":1769.15,"end":1769.59},{"text":"mandate","start":1769.59,"end":1770.07},{"text":"that","start":1770.39,"end":1770.59},{"text":"provides","start":1770.59,"end":1771.11},{"text":"a","start":1771.11,"end":1771.19},{"text":"foundation","start":1771.19,"end":1771.99},{"text":"for","start":1771.99,"end":1772.15},{"text":"coordinated","start":1772.15,"end":1772.95},{"text":"action.","start":1772.95,"end":1773.43}]},{"text":"to ensure every child has access to education and can develop to their full potential.","start":1774.15,"end":1778.95,"topics":[{"key":"education-continuum","label":"Education as a Continuum from Early Childhood Through Life","description":"Some interventions argued that the right to education should be understood as a continuous pathway beginning in early childhood and extending through secondary education and lifelong learning. 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Lane, you have the floor, please.","start":1839.99,"end":1842.11,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Ms.","start":1839.99,"end":1840.27},{"text":"Lane,","start":1840.27,"end":1840.67},{"text":"you","start":1841.23,"end":1841.31},{"text":"have","start":1841.31,"end":1841.43},{"text":"the","start":1841.43,"end":1841.51},{"text":"floor,","start":1841.51,"end":1841.71},{"text":"please.","start":1841.71,"end":1842.11}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Safa","affiliation":"SLE","affiliation_full":"Sierra Leone","group":null,"function":"Chair-Rapporteur"}},{"statement_number":7,"start":1847.19,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k11/k11ash292p?t=1848","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Chair. Girls Not Brides, the global partnership to end child marriage is a movement of over 1,400 civil society organizations across nearly a hundred countries.","start":1847.19,"end":1858.67,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":1847.19,"end":1847.47},{"text":"you,","start":1847.47,"end":1847.55},{"text":"Chair.","start":1847.55,"end":1847.91},{"text":"Girls","start":1848.99,"end":1849.23},{"text":"Not","start":1849.23,"end":1849.43},{"text":"Brides,","start":1849.43,"end":1849.87},{"text":"the","start":1849.87,"end":1849.99},{"text":"global","start":1849.99,"end":1850.35},{"text":"partnership","start":1850.35,"end":1850.91},{"text":"to","start":1850.91,"end":1851.03},{"text":"end","start":1851.03,"end":1851.23},{"text":"child","start":1851.23,"end":1851.43},{"text":"marriage","start":1851.43,"end":1851.87},{"text":"is","start":1851.87,"end":1852.07},{"text":"a","start":1852.07,"end":1852.11},{"text":"movement","start":1852.11,"end":1852.83},{"text":"of","start":1853.07,"end":1853.23},{"text":"over","start":1853.23,"end":1853.63},{"text":"1,400","start":1853.71,"end":1855.07},{"text":"civil","start":1855.07,"end":1855.39},{"text":"society","start":1855.39,"end":1855.87},{"text":"organizations","start":1855.87,"end":1856.83},{"text":"across","start":1856.83,"end":1857.15},{"text":"nearly","start":1857.15,"end":1857.51},{"text":"a","start":1857.51,"end":1857.55},{"text":"hundred","start":1857.55,"end":1857.95},{"text":"countries.","start":1857.95,"end":1858.67}]},{"text":"On behalf of the Girls Not Bride Secretariat, thank you for the opportunity to speak today.","start":1859.43,"end":1863.91,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"On","start":1859.43,"end":1859.51},{"text":"behalf","start":1859.51,"end":1859.79},{"text":"of","start":1859.79,"end":1859.99},{"text":"the","start":1859.99,"end":1860.11},{"text":"Girls","start":1860.11,"end":1860.39},{"text":"Not","start":1860.39,"end":1860.55},{"text":"Bride","start":1860.55,"end":1860.79},{"text":"Secretariat,","start":1860.79,"end":1861.75},{"text":"thank","start":1861.99,"end":1862.31},{"text":"you","start":1862.31,"end":1862.39},{"text":"for","start":1862.39,"end":1862.51},{"text":"the","start":1862.51,"end":1862.59},{"text":"opportunity","start":1862.59,"end":1863.19},{"text":"to","start":1863.19,"end":1863.31},{"text":"speak","start":1863.31,"end":1863.59},{"text":"today.","start":1863.59,"end":1863.91}]},{"text":"We warmly welcome this working group's initiative to explore a fourth optional protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child, a significant moment for children's right to education and for the millions of girls whose access to it shapes whether they marry as children.","start":1864.71,"end":1878.95,"topics":[{"key":"treaty-complementarity","label":"Complementarity with Existing Treaties","description":"Delegations repeatedly discussed how any new protocol should relate to the CRC, ICESCR, SDG 4, and other instruments. 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what happens when states legislate free education.","start":2115.15,"end":2119.15,"topics":[{"key":"free-preprimary-secondary","label":"Free Pre-Primary and Secondary Education","description":"A central issue was whether the proposed optional protocol should explicitly guarantee at least one year of free public pre-primary education and free public secondary education, closing the gap left by current treaty language that clearly mandates free primary education 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Argentina, a pre-primary expansion targeting disadvantaged areas raised secondary completion by 12 percentage points.","start":2146.67,"end":2154.35,"topics":[{"key":"education-continuum","label":"Education as a Continuum from Early Childhood Through Life","description":"Some interventions argued that the right to education should be understood as a continuous pathway beginning in early childhood and extending through secondary education and lifelong learning. 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progressive realization alone has not delivered the results children need.","start":2252.31,"end":2256.39,"topics":[{"key":"free-preprimary-secondary","label":"Free Pre-Primary and Secondary Education","description":"A central issue was whether the proposed optional protocol should explicitly guarantee at least one year of free public pre-primary education and free public secondary education, closing the gap left by current treaty language that clearly mandates free primary education only."}],"words":[{"text":"But","start":2252.31,"end":2252.47},{"text":"progressive","start":2252.47,"end":2253.11},{"text":"realization","start":2253.11,"end":2253.83},{"text":"alone","start":2253.83,"end":2254.31},{"text":"has","start":2254.31,"end":2254.47},{"text":"not","start":2254.47,"end":2254.75},{"text":"delivered","start":2254.75,"end":2255.15},{"text":"the","start":2255.15,"end":2255.23},{"text":"results","start":2255.23,"end":2255.67},{"text":"children","start":2255.67,"end":2256.03},{"text":"need.","start":2256.03,"end":2256.39}]},{"text":"as the completion gaps set out make clear.","start":2256.79,"end":2258.95,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"as","start":2256.79,"end":2256.95},{"text":"the","start":2256.95,"end":2257.03},{"text":"completion","start":2257.03,"end":2257.59},{"text":"gaps","start":2257.59,"end":2257.95},{"text":"set","start":2257.95,"end":2258.15},{"text":"out","start":2258.15,"end":2258.27},{"text":"make","start":2258.27,"end":2258.59},{"text":"clear.","start":2258.59,"end":2258.95}]},{"text":"This optional protocol would go further, creating a clear, unambiguous legal standard for free secondary education, equivalent to the one children already have for free primary education.","start":2259.67,"end":2270.79,"topics":[{"key":"free-preprimary-secondary","label":"Free Pre-Primary and Secondary Education","description":"A central issue was whether the proposed optional protocol should explicitly guarantee at least one year of free public pre-primary education and free public secondary education, closing the gap left by current treaty language 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only."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":2259.67,"end":2259.91},{"text":"optional","start":2259.91,"end":2260.23},{"text":"protocol","start":2260.23,"end":2260.67},{"text":"would","start":2260.67,"end":2260.79},{"text":"go","start":2260.79,"end":2260.95},{"text":"further,","start":2260.95,"end":2261.43},{"text":"creating","start":2261.83,"end":2262.31},{"text":"a","start":2262.31,"end":2262.35},{"text":"clear,","start":2262.35,"end":2262.95},{"text":"unambiguous","start":2262.95,"end":2263.83},{"text":"legal","start":2263.83,"end":2264.19},{"text":"standard","start":2264.19,"end":2264.63},{"text":"for","start":2264.63,"end":2264.79},{"text":"free","start":2264.79,"end":2265.11},{"text":"secondary","start":2265.11,"end":2265.63},{"text":"education,","start":2265.63,"end":2266.31},{"text":"equivalent","start":2266.63,"end":2267.11},{"text":"to","start":2267.11,"end":2267.19},{"text":"the","start":2267.19,"end":2267.31},{"text":"one","start":2267.31,"end":2267.51},{"text":"children","start":2267.51,"end":2267.91},{"text":"already","start":2267.91,"end":2268.39},{"text":"have","start":2268.39,"end":2268.71},{"text":"for","start":2268.71,"end":2269.35},{"text":"free","start":2269.43,"end":2269.67},{"text":"primary","start":2269.67,"end":2270.11},{"text":"education.","start":2270.11,"end":2270.79}]},{"text":"This is also timely.","start":2271.83,"end":2272.95,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":2271.83,"end":2271.99},{"text":"is","start":2271.99,"end":2272.11},{"text":"also","start":2272.11,"end":2272.31},{"text":"timely.","start":2272.31,"end":2272.95}]},{"text":"As we move toward the Convention's 40th anniversary, this is a chance to modernize its promise for today's children, recognizing that the right to education neither begins at the primary school gates nor ends at it.","start":2273.43,"end":2285.35,"topics":[{"key":"education-continuum","label":"Education as a Continuum from Early Childhood Through Life","description":"Some interventions argued that the right to education should be understood as a continuous pathway beginning in early childhood and extending through secondary education and lifelong learning. This perspective connected early care, later school success, multiple learning pathways, and broader human 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closing, Girls Not Brides reiterates its strong support for the Optional Protocol and urges Member States to continue advancing this important process.","start":2287.11,"end":2295.51,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":2287.11,"end":2287.27},{"text":"closing,","start":2287.27,"end":2287.91},{"text":"Girls","start":2288.23,"end":2288.55},{"text":"Not","start":2288.55,"end":2288.67},{"text":"Brides","start":2288.67,"end":2289.03},{"text":"reiterates","start":2289.03,"end":2289.59},{"text":"its","start":2289.59,"end":2289.71},{"text":"strong","start":2289.71,"end":2290.07},{"text":"support","start":2290.07,"end":2290.47},{"text":"for","start":2290.47,"end":2290.59},{"text":"the","start":2290.59,"end":2290.67},{"text":"Optional","start":2290.67,"end":2290.99},{"text":"Protocol","start":2290.99,"end":2291.59},{"text":"and","start":2291.83,"end":2292.07},{"text":"urges","start":2292.11,"end":2292.47},{"text":"Member","start":2292.47,"end":2292.75},{"text":"States","start":2292.75,"end":2293.11},{"text":"to","start":2293.11,"end":2293.19},{"text":"continue","start":2293.19,"end":2293.67},{"text":"advancing","start":2293.67,"end":2294.23},{"text":"this","start":2294.23,"end":2294.35},{"text":"important","start":2294.35,"end":2294.79},{"text":"process.","start":2294.79,"end":2295.51}]},{"text":"Should the Optional Protocol progress to a drafting stage, as we hope it will, we would further welcome consideration of preamble language recognising the importance of access to free, inclusive and quality education, particularly at secondary level, as a key protective factor against child marriage.","start":2296.39,"end":2312.47,"topics":[{"key":"free-preprimary-secondary","label":"Free Pre-Primary and Secondary Education","description":"A central issue was whether the proposed optional protocol should explicitly guarantee at least one year of free public pre-primary education and free public secondary education, closing the gap left by current treaty language that clearly mandates free primary education 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is especially important for girls at risk of child marriage who are often among the most marginalized and face the greatest barriers to education.","start":2312.75,"end":2319.87,"topics":[{"key":"hidden-education-costs","label":"Hidden Costs and Real Access","description":"Many speakers stressed that education is not truly free if children and families still have to cover transport, uniforms, books, meals, exam fees, assistive supports, or other indirect costs that prevent attendance, participation, and completion."},{"key":"inclusive-disability-education","label":"Inclusive Education for Children with Disabilities","description":"Speakers highlighted that children with disabilities remain among the most excluded from education and that free education must include reasonable accommodation, accessible infrastructure, adapted teaching, disability-related supports, and a shift away from segregated systems."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":2312.75,"end":2312.91},{"text":"is","start":2312.91,"end":2313.07},{"text":"especially","start":2313.07,"end":2313.55},{"text":"important","start":2313.55,"end":2314.03},{"text":"for","start":2314.03,"end":2314.19},{"text":"girls","start":2314.19,"end":2314.43},{"text":"at","start":2314.43,"end":2314.51},{"text":"risk","start":2314.51,"end":2314.83},{"text":"of","start":2314.83,"end":2314.91},{"text":"child","start":2314.91,"end":2315.15},{"text":"marriage","start":2315.15,"end":2315.47},{"text":"who","start":2315.47,"end":2315.63},{"text":"are","start":2315.63,"end":2315.71},{"text":"often","start":2315.71,"end":2316.07},{"text":"among","start":2316.07,"end":2316.31},{"text":"the","start":2316.31,"end":2316.39},{"text":"most","start":2316.39,"end":2316.63},{"text":"marginalized","start":2316.63,"end":2317.55},{"text":"and","start":2317.79,"end":2317.91},{"text":"face","start":2317.91,"end":2318.15},{"text":"the","start":2318.15,"end":2318.27},{"text":"greatest","start":2318.27,"end":2318.67},{"text":"barriers","start":2318.67,"end":2319.07},{"text":"to","start":2319.07,"end":2319.19},{"text":"education.","start":2319.19,"end":2319.87}]},{"text":"The evidence is clear.","start":2320.75,"end":2321.79,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2320.75,"end":2320.87},{"text":"evidence","start":2320.87,"end":2321.23},{"text":"is","start":2321.23,"end":2321.39},{"text":"clear.","start":2321.39,"end":2321.79}]},{"text":"Education is one of the most effective measures for preventing child marriage and a critical safeguard for the realization of children's 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this optional protocol would therefore be a decisive step towards securing the right to education for every child and with it meaningful protection against child 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you have went further to provide statistics of the current state of the challenges that girls out of school 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this is a clear call to all of us.","start":2369.55,"end":2371.55,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":2369.55,"end":2369.83},{"text":"this","start":2369.83,"end":2369.95},{"text":"is","start":2369.95,"end":2370.07},{"text":"a","start":2370.07,"end":2370.11},{"text":"clear","start":2370.11,"end":2370.51},{"text":"call","start":2370.51,"end":2370.75},{"text":"to","start":2370.75,"end":2370.91},{"text":"all","start":2370.91,"end":2371.03},{"text":"of","start":2371.03,"end":2371.15},{"text":"us.","start":2371.19,"end":2371.55}]},{"text":"to rethink in our positions and in some of the contributions we continue to make during the course of our deliberation for the next day and throughout this 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thank you very much indeed for your presentation and of course I appreciate the fact that you also highlighted, I mean, states with best 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mean, Sierra Leone, for example, even with our economic challenges, we believe human capital development to be at the heart you know, of our governance architecture and will continue to do 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I thank you so much for your presentation.","start":2404.43,"end":2406.07,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":2404.43,"end":2404.51},{"text":"I","start":2404.51,"end":2404.55},{"text":"thank","start":2404.55,"end":2404.83},{"text":"you","start":2404.83,"end":2404.91},{"text":"so","start":2404.95,"end":2405.03},{"text":"much","start":2405.03,"end":2405.15},{"text":"for","start":2405.15,"end":2405.27},{"text":"your","start":2405.27,"end":2405.39},{"text":"presentation.","start":2405.39,"end":2406.07}]},{"text":"And we move to the next panelist who is Ms. Yes, Ms. Dan 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welcomes the process to establish an optional protocol to the CRC because it helps shine a light on the challenges remaining for full recognition of the right to education for learners with disabilities, which we highlighted in our submission to the working group in May 2025.","start":2459.83,"end":2476.79,"topics":[{"key":"inclusive-disability-education","label":"Inclusive Education for Children with Disabilities","description":"Speakers highlighted that children with disabilities remain among the most excluded from education and that free education must include reasonable accommodation, accessible infrastructure, adapted teaching, disability-related supports, and a shift away from segregated systems."},{"key":"treaty-complementarity","label":"Complementarity with Existing Treaties","description":"Delegations repeatedly discussed how any new protocol should relate to the CRC, ICESCR, SDG 4, and other instruments. The debate focused on whether the protocol would fill a genuine normative gap and strengthen implementation, or risk duplication and legal fragmentation."}],"words":[{"text":"IDA","start":2459.83,"end":2460.11},{"text":"welcomes","start":2460.11,"end":2460.63},{"text":"the","start":2460.63,"end":2460.71},{"text":"process","start":2460.71,"end":2461.27},{"text":"to","start":2461.27,"end":2461.39},{"text":"establish","start":2461.39,"end":2461.99},{"text":"an","start":2461.99,"end":2462.07},{"text":"optional","start":2462.07,"end":2462.47},{"text":"protocol","start":2462.47,"end":2462.95},{"text":"to","start":2462.95,"end":2463.11},{"text":"the","start":2463.11,"end":2463.23},{"text":"CRC","start":2463.23,"end":2463.99},{"text":"because","start":2464.39,"end":2464.71},{"text":"it","start":2464.71,"end":2464.87},{"text":"helps","start":2464.87,"end":2465.15},{"text":"shine","start":2465.15,"end":2465.51},{"text":"a","start":2465.51,"end":2465.55},{"text":"light","start":2465.55,"end":2465.99},{"text":"on","start":2465.99,"end":2466.15},{"text":"the","start":2466.15,"end":2466.23},{"text":"challenges","start":2466.23,"end":2466.79},{"text":"remaining","start":2466.79,"end":2467.43},{"text":"for","start":2467.67,"end":2467.83},{"text":"full","start":2467.83,"end":2468.15},{"text":"recognition","start":2468.15,"end":2468.79},{"text":"of","start":2468.79,"end":2468.87},{"text":"the","start":2468.87,"end":2468.99},{"text":"right","start":2468.99,"end":2469.23},{"text":"to","start":2469.23,"end":2469.35},{"text":"education","start":2469.35,"end":2470.15},{"text":"for","start":2470.39,"end":2470.59},{"text":"learners","start":2470.59,"end":2470.95},{"text":"with","start":2470.95,"end":2471.11},{"text":"disabilities,","start":2471.11,"end":2471.99},{"text":"which","start":2472.27,"end":2472.47},{"text":"we","start":2472.51,"end":2472.63},{"text":"highlighted","start":2472.63,"end":2473.31},{"text":"in","start":2473.31,"end":2473.43},{"text":"our","start":2473.43,"end":2473.59},{"text":"submission","start":2473.59,"end":2474.07},{"text":"to","start":2474.07,"end":2474.19},{"text":"the","start":2474.19,"end":2474.31},{"text":"working","start":2474.31,"end":2474.71},{"text":"group","start":2474.71,"end":2474.99},{"text":"in","start":2475.19,"end":2475.39},{"text":"May","start":2475.39,"end":2475.59},{"text":"2025.","start":2475.59,"end":2476.79}]},{"text":"At a time when UNESCO has confirmed that low and lower income countries are projected to lose 30% of their aid to education between 2023 and 2027, it's critical that the discussion of a potential optional protocol serves to prevent regression and prioritizes implementation and financing challenges.","start":2478.31,"end":2500.79,"topics":[{"key":"education-financing","label":"Education Financing and International Support","description":"A major theme was whether states are allocating maximum available resources to education and how financing gaps, debt burdens, aid cuts, and differing national capacities affect implementation. Many linked stronger legal standards to stronger budgeting, technical support, and international cooperation."},{"key":"non-regression-safeguards","label":"Non-Regression Safeguards","description":"Several participants emphasized that a new instrument must not weaken existing protections or allow narrower interpretations of current obligations. They supported language preserving stronger national laws and broader international standards already in force."}],"words":[{"text":"At","start":2478.31,"end":2478.63},{"text":"a","start":2478.63,"end":2478.67},{"text":"time","start":2478.67,"end":2478.83},{"text":"when","start":2478.83,"end":2479.03},{"text":"UNESCO","start":2479.03,"end":2479.55},{"text":"has","start":2479.55,"end":2479.75},{"text":"confirmed","start":2479.75,"end":2480.47},{"text":"that","start":2480.47,"end":2480.67},{"text":"low","start":2480.67,"end":2481.75},{"text":"and","start":2481.75,"end":2481.91},{"text":"lower","start":2481.91,"end":2482.23},{"text":"income","start":2482.23,"end":2482.63},{"text":"countries","start":2482.63,"end":2483.27},{"text":"are","start":2483.27,"end":2483.43},{"text":"projected","start":2483.43,"end":2483.99},{"text":"to","start":2483.99,"end":2484.11},{"text":"lose","start":2484.11,"end":2484.55},{"text":"30%","start":2485.83,"end":2485.87},{"text":"of","start":2485.87,"end":2485.99},{"text":"their","start":2485.99,"end":2486.23},{"text":"aid","start":2486.23,"end":2486.43},{"text":"to","start":2486.43,"end":2486.55},{"text":"education","start":2486.55,"end":2487.35},{"text":"between","start":2487.67,"end":2488.03},{"text":"2023","start":2488.03,"end":2488.99},{"text":"and","start":2488.99,"end":2489.11},{"text":"2027,","start":2489.11,"end":2490.23},{"text":"it's","start":2490.71,"end":2490.95},{"text":"critical","start":2490.95,"end":2491.59},{"text":"that","start":2491.59,"end":2491.75},{"text":"the","start":2491.75,"end":2491.87},{"text":"discussion","start":2491.87,"end":2492.47},{"text":"of","start":2492.47,"end":2492.59},{"text":"a","start":2492.59,"end":2492.63},{"text":"potential","start":2492.63,"end":2493.27},{"text":"optional","start":2493.27,"end":2493.71},{"text":"protocol","start":2493.71,"end":2494.39},{"text":"serves","start":2494.79,"end":2495.19},{"text":"to","start":2495.19,"end":2495.35},{"text":"prevent","start":2495.35,"end":2495.83},{"text":"regression","start":2495.83,"end":2496.55},{"text":"and","start":2496.87,"end":2497.11},{"text":"prioritizes","start":2497.11,"end":2498.07},{"text":"implementation","start":2498.07,"end":2499.11},{"text":"and","start":2499.11,"end":2499.27},{"text":"financing","start":2499.27,"end":2499.99},{"text":"challenges.","start":2499.99,"end":2500.79}]},{"text":"Although the right to education is guaranteed in the CRC and CRPD, Children with disabilities are less likely to receive early stimulation, less likely to attend early childhood education, less likely to read or be read to at home, less likely to have foundational reading and numeracy skills, more likely to experience severe corporal punishment at home, more likely to feel discriminated against, and more likely to feel unhappy.","start":2501.91,"end":2533.23,"topics":[{"key":"inclusive-disability-education","label":"Inclusive Education for Children with Disabilities","description":"Speakers highlighted that children with disabilities remain among the most excluded from education and that free education must include reasonable accommodation, accessible infrastructure, adapted teaching, disability-related supports, and a shift away from segregated systems."},{"key":"education-continuum","label":"Education as a Continuum from Early Childhood Through Life","description":"Some interventions argued that the right to education should be understood as a continuous pathway beginning in early childhood and extending through secondary education and lifelong learning. This perspective connected early care, later school success, multiple learning pathways, and broader human 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24 of the CRPD, the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, is the first provision in an international human rights instrument to explicitly guarantee the right to inclusive education at all levels.","start":2534.51,"end":2548.59,"topics":[{"key":"inclusive-disability-education","label":"Inclusive Education for Children with Disabilities","description":"Speakers highlighted that children with disabilities remain among the most excluded from education and that free education must include reasonable accommodation, accessible infrastructure, adapted teaching, disability-related supports, and a shift away from segregated 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provision was further developed by the CRPD Committee in its General Comment 4 in 2016, which states, \"States parties must ensure the realization of the right of persons with disabilities to education through an inclusive education system at all levels, including preschool, primary, secondary, and tertiary education, vocational training and lifelong learning, extracurricular and social activities.","start":2549.23,"end":2576.95,"topics":[{"key":"inclusive-disability-education","label":"Inclusive Education for Children with Disabilities","description":"Speakers highlighted that children with disabilities remain among the most excluded from education and that free education must include reasonable accommodation, accessible infrastructure, adapted teaching, disability-related supports, and a shift away from segregated systems."},{"key":"education-continuum","label":"Education as a Continuum from Early Childhood Through Life","description":"Some interventions argued that the right to 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This perspective connected early care, later school success, multiple learning pathways, and broader human development."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":2549.23,"end":2549.47},{"text":"provision","start":2549.47,"end":2550.11},{"text":"was","start":2550.11,"end":2550.35},{"text":"further","start":2550.35,"end":2550.67},{"text":"developed","start":2550.67,"end":2551.23},{"text":"by","start":2551.23,"end":2551.39},{"text":"the","start":2551.39,"end":2551.47},{"text":"CRPD","start":2551.47,"end":2552.11},{"text":"Committee","start":2552.11,"end":2552.75},{"text":"in","start":2552.75,"end":2552.83},{"text":"its","start":2552.83,"end":2553.07},{"text":"General","start":2553.07,"end":2553.39},{"text":"Comment","start":2553.39,"end":2553.87},{"text":"4","start":2553.87,"end":2554.35},{"text":"in","start":2554.35,"end":2554.47},{"text":"2016,","start":2554.47,"end":2555.55},{"text":"which","start":2556.03,"end":2556.27},{"text":"states,","start":2556.27,"end":2556.83},{"text":"\"States","start":2557.23,"end":2557.71},{"text":"parties","start":2557.71,"end":2558.27},{"text":"must","start":2558.27,"end":2558.55},{"text":"ensure","start":2558.55,"end":2558.91},{"text":"the","start":2558.91,"end":2559.03},{"text":"realization","start":2559.03,"end":2559.95},{"text":"of","start":2559.95,"end":2560.03},{"text":"the","start":2560.03,"end":2560.15},{"text":"right","start":2560.15,"end":2560.51},{"text":"of","start":2560.59,"end":2560.75},{"text":"persons","start":2560.75,"end":2561.19},{"text":"with","start":2561.19,"end":2561.35},{"text":"disabilities","start":2561.35,"end":2561.95},{"text":"to","start":2561.95,"end":2562.11},{"text":"education","start":2562.11,"end":2562.91},{"text":"through","start":2563.35,"end":2563.55},{"text":"an","start":2563.55,"end":2563.67},{"text":"inclusive","start":2563.67,"end":2564.55},{"text":"education","start":2564.55,"end":2565.19},{"text":"system","start":2565.19,"end":2565.75},{"text":"at","start":2565.75,"end":2565.99},{"text":"all","start":2565.99,"end":2566.19},{"text":"levels,","start":2566.19,"end":2566.79},{"text":"including","start":2567.11,"end":2567.59},{"text":"preschool,","start":2567.59,"end":2568.39},{"text":"primary,","start":2568.47,"end":2569.27},{"text":"secondary,","start":2569.27,"end":2570.07},{"text":"and","start":2570.07,"end":2570.23},{"text":"tertiary","start":2570.23,"end":2570.71},{"text":"education,","start":2570.71,"end":2571.43},{"text":"vocational","start":2571.91,"end":2572.55},{"text":"training","start":2572.55,"end":2572.91},{"text":"and","start":2572.91,"end":2573.03},{"text":"lifelong","start":2573.03,"end":2573.51},{"text":"learning,","start":2573.51,"end":2574.07},{"text":"extracurricular","start":2574.47,"end":2575.51},{"text":"and","start":2575.51,"end":2575.75},{"text":"social","start":2575.75,"end":2576.15},{"text":"activities.","start":2576.15,"end":2576.95}]},{"text":"The right to inclusive education enshrined in the CRPD has come to be a standard fully embraced by the CRC throughout its work in monitoring implementation in its concluding observations, and consolidated with the adoption of the joint statement by the CRC and CRPD committees in 2022.","start":2578.47,"end":2598.99,"topics":[{"key":"inclusive-disability-education","label":"Inclusive Education for Children with Disabilities","description":"Speakers highlighted that children with disabilities remain among the most excluded from education and that free education must include reasonable accommodation, accessible infrastructure, adapted teaching, disability-related supports, and a shift away from segregated systems."},{"key":"monitoring-accountability","label":"Monitoring and Accountability","description":"Participants stressed that clearer legal obligations need effective follow-up through reporting, review, and accountability mechanisms. 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committees reaffirmed that the right to quality inclusive education is not compatible with sustaining two systems of education, a mainstream education system and a special segregated education system.","start":2599.95,"end":2614.83,"topics":[{"key":"inclusive-disability-education","label":"Inclusive Education for Children with Disabilities","description":"Speakers highlighted that children with disabilities remain among the most excluded from education and that free education must include reasonable accommodation, accessible infrastructure, adapted teaching, disability-related supports, and a shift away from segregated 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despite these provisions, Most learners with disabilities who do access education receive it in segregated settings.","start":2615.87,"end":2624.59,"topics":[{"key":"inclusive-disability-education","label":"Inclusive Education for Children with Disabilities","description":"Speakers highlighted that children with disabilities remain among the most excluded from education and that free education must include reasonable accommodation, accessible infrastructure, adapted teaching, disability-related supports, and a shift away from segregated 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persist.","start":2625.39,"end":2631.15,"topics":[{"key":"inclusive-disability-education","label":"Inclusive Education for Children with Disabilities","description":"Speakers highlighted that children with disabilities remain among the most excluded from education and that free education must include reasonable accommodation, accessible infrastructure, adapted teaching, disability-related supports, and a shift away from segregated systems."}],"words":[{"text":"Despite","start":2625.39,"end":2625.87},{"text":"legal","start":2625.87,"end":2626.19},{"text":"provisions,","start":2626.19,"end":2626.99},{"text":"barriers","start":2627.31,"end":2627.91},{"text":"and","start":2627.91,"end":2628.03},{"text":"discrimination","start":2628.03,"end":2628.83},{"text":"against","start":2628.83,"end":2629.15},{"text":"learners","start":2629.15,"end":2629.55},{"text":"with","start":2629.55,"end":2629.71},{"text":"disabilities","start":2629.71,"end":2630.43},{"text":"persist.","start":2630.43,"end":2631.15}]},{"text":"The paradigm shift of the CRPD from a medical model focused on limitations and an incapacity approach to a human rights model has not eliminated prejudice against persons with disabilities, resulting in neglect, bullying, segregation, and even complete exclusion from education.","start":2632.19,"end":2652.67,"topics":[{"key":"inclusive-disability-education","label":"Inclusive Education for Children with 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the objectives of Human Rights Council Resolution 56/5 and the Chair-Rapporteur's Rev.1 of the Principles for the Elaboration of an Optional Protocol to the CRC, the IDA raises several concerns.","start":2653.79,"end":2669.79,"topics":[{"key":"treaty-complementarity","label":"Complementarity with Existing Treaties","description":"Delegations repeatedly discussed how any new protocol should relate to the CRC, ICESCR, SDG 4, and other instruments. The debate focused on whether the protocol would fill a genuine normative gap and strengthen implementation, or risk duplication and legal fragmentation."}],"words":[{"text":"Considering","start":2653.79,"end":2654.43},{"text":"the","start":2654.43,"end":2654.63},{"text":"objectives","start":2654.63,"end":2655.39},{"text":"of","start":2655.39,"end":2655.71},{"text":"Human","start":2655.71,"end":2656.03},{"text":"Rights","start":2656.03,"end":2656.27},{"text":"Council","start":2656.27,"end":2656.67},{"text":"Resolution","start":2656.67,"end":2657.47},{"text":"56/5","start":2657.63,"end":2659.39},{"text":"and","start":2659.75,"end":2659.91},{"text":"the","start":2659.91,"end":2659.99},{"text":"Chair-Rapporteur's","start":2659.99,"end":2661.07},{"text":"Rev.1","start":2661.07,"end":2661.59},{"text":"of","start":2661.59,"end":2661.71},{"text":"the","start":2661.71,"end":2661.79},{"text":"Principles","start":2661.79,"end":2662.59},{"text":"for","start":2662.75,"end":2662.91},{"text":"the","start":2662.91,"end":2663.03},{"text":"Elaboration","start":2663.03,"end":2663.63},{"text":"of","start":2663.63,"end":2663.75},{"text":"an","start":2663.75,"end":2663.87},{"text":"Optional","start":2663.87,"end":2664.23},{"text":"Protocol","start":2664.23,"end":2664.75},{"text":"to","start":2664.75,"end":2664.91},{"text":"the","start":2664.91,"end":2665.03},{"text":"CRC,","start":2665.03,"end":2665.79},{"text":"the","start":2666.43,"end":2666.63},{"text":"IDA","start":2666.63,"end":2667.07},{"text":"raises","start":2667.55,"end":2668.51},{"text":"several","start":2668.51,"end":2668.99},{"text":"concerns.","start":2668.99,"end":2669.79}]},{"text":"One, A new protocol cannot permit any regression from the CRPD guarantee of inclusive education as articulated in general comment four.","start":2670.83,"end":2681.51,"topics":[{"key":"non-regression-safeguards","label":"Non-Regression Safeguards","description":"Several participants emphasized that a new instrument must not weaken existing protections or allow narrower interpretations of current obligations. They supported language preserving stronger national laws and broader international standards already in force."},{"key":"inclusive-disability-education","label":"Inclusive Education for Children with Disabilities","description":"Speakers highlighted that children with disabilities remain among the most excluded from education and that free education must include reasonable accommodation, accessible infrastructure, adapted teaching, disability-related supports, and a shift away from segregated 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states inclusion involves a process of systemic reform, embodying changes and modifications in content, teaching methods, approaches, structures, and strategies in education.","start":2682.23,"end":2695.19,"topics":[{"key":"inclusive-disability-education","label":"Inclusive Education for Children with Disabilities","description":"Speakers highlighted that children with disabilities remain among the most excluded from education and that free education must include reasonable accommodation, accessible infrastructure, adapted teaching, disability-related supports, and a shift away from segregated 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students with disabilities within mainstream classes without accompanying structural changes to, for example, organization, curriculum, and teaching and learning strategies does not constitute inclusion.","start":2696.11,"end":2709.79,"topics":[{"key":"inclusive-disability-education","label":"Inclusive Education for Children with Disabilities","description":"Speakers highlighted that children with disabilities remain among the most excluded from education and that free education must include reasonable accommodation, accessible infrastructure, adapted teaching, disability-related supports, and a shift away from segregated 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for learners with disabilities to be included, there must be a zero rejection policy.","start":2710.91,"end":2717.23,"topics":[{"key":"inclusive-disability-education","label":"Inclusive Education for Children with Disabilities","description":"Speakers highlighted that children with disabilities remain among the most excluded from education and that free education must include reasonable accommodation, accessible infrastructure, adapted teaching, disability-related supports, and a shift away from segregated 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home in the middle of the day.","start":2725.39,"end":2735.15,"topics":[{"key":"inclusive-disability-education","label":"Inclusive Education for Children with Disabilities","description":"Speakers highlighted that children with disabilities remain among the most excluded from education and that free education must include reasonable accommodation, accessible infrastructure, adapted teaching, disability-related supports, and a shift away from segregated 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including learners with disabilities requires reasonable accommodation, an adapted, not different curriculum, appropriate modes of assessment, and individual educational plans.","start":2736.99,"end":2750.27,"topics":[{"key":"inclusive-disability-education","label":"Inclusive Education for Children with Disabilities","description":"Speakers highlighted that children with disabilities remain among the most excluded from education and that free education must include reasonable accommodation, accessible infrastructure, adapted teaching, disability-related supports, and a shift away from segregated 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that is Dr. Ansel Seska.","start":2908.67,"end":2912.03,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":2908.67,"end":2908.87},{"text":"that","start":2908.87,"end":2909.07},{"text":"is","start":2909.07,"end":2909.39},{"text":"Dr.","start":2909.47,"end":2910.11},{"text":"Ansel","start":2910.11,"end":2910.75},{"text":"Seska.","start":2910.91,"end":2912.03}]},{"text":"Please, Secretary, could you please screen the video?","start":2913.87,"end":2916.31,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Please,","start":2913.87,"end":2914.43},{"text":"Secretary,","start":2914.43,"end":2915.03},{"text":"could","start":2915.03,"end":2915.23},{"text":"you","start":2915.23,"end":2915.31},{"text":"please","start":2915.31,"end":2915.51},{"text":"screen","start":2915.51,"end":2915.75},{"text":"the","start":2915.75,"end":2915.87},{"text":"video?","start":2915.87,"end":2916.31}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Safa","affiliation":"SLE","affiliation_full":"Sierra Leone","group":null,"function":"Chair-Rapporteur"}},{"statement_number":11,"start":2918.31,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k11/k11ash292p?t=2919","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Honorable Senor Samuel.","start":2918.31,"end":2919.99,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Honorable","start":2918.31,"end":2918.91},{"text":"Senor","start":2918.91,"end":2919.55},{"text":"Samuel.","start":2919.55,"end":2919.99}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"Distinguished Mr. Boogie Safa, current ambassador of the mission of the Republic of Sierra Leone and chair person rapporteur representative for 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state representatives, members of the academic community, international organizations and civil society.","start":2932.59,"end":2940.27,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Distinguished","start":2932.59,"end":2933.27},{"text":"state","start":2933.27,"end":2933.79},{"text":"representatives,","start":2933.79,"end":2934.83},{"text":"members","start":2935.07,"end":2935.79},{"text":"of","start":2935.79,"end":2936.03},{"text":"the","start":2936.03,"end":2936.15},{"text":"academic","start":2936.15,"end":2936.75},{"text":"community,","start":2936.83,"end":2937.43},{"text":"international","start":2937.43,"end":2937.99},{"text":"organizations","start":2937.99,"end":2938.91},{"text":"and","start":2938.91,"end":2939.23},{"text":"civil","start":2939.23,"end":2939.55},{"text":"society.","start":2939.55,"end":2940.27}]},{"text":"The Dominican Republic sincerely appreciates this possibility to participate in this panel related to principles one, two and three of the draft optional protocol to the Convention 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part of this second session of the open-ended intergovernmental working group that meets here today to look at the possibility of elaborating and presenting this instrument to the Human Rights Council.","start":2958.07,"end":2972.07,"topics":[{"key":"treaty-complementarity","label":"Complementarity with Existing Treaties","description":"Delegations repeatedly discussed how any new protocol should relate to the CRC, ICESCR, SDG 4, and other instruments. 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is a novel instrument which does not duplicate the provisions established in other international documents.","start":3246.17,"end":3255.33,"topics":[{"key":"treaty-complementarity","label":"Complementarity with Existing Treaties","description":"Delegations repeatedly discussed how any new protocol should relate to the CRC, ICESCR, SDG 4, and other instruments. 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developed towards ensuring universalization of level three education aimed at ensuring that all three-year olds can join the education system through a territorial perspective.","start":3555.41,"end":3567.73,"topics":[{"key":"free-preprimary-secondary","label":"Free Pre-Primary and Secondary Education","description":"A central issue was whether the proposed optional protocol should explicitly guarantee at least one year of free public pre-primary education and free public secondary education, closing the gap left by current treaty language that clearly mandates free primary education only."},{"key":"education-continuum","label":"Education as a Continuum from Early Childhood Through Life","description":"Some interventions argued that the right to education should be understood as a continuous pathway beginning in early childhood and extending through secondary education and lifelong learning. 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move to to you from the floor to ask your questions, to make your comments, and deliver your statements where 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I will turn to the list of speakers.","start":3821.61,"end":3824.17,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":3821.61,"end":3821.85},{"text":"I","start":3821.85,"end":3821.89},{"text":"will","start":3821.89,"end":3822.01},{"text":"turn","start":3822.01,"end":3822.25},{"text":"to","start":3822.25,"end":3822.41},{"text":"the","start":3822.41,"end":3822.57},{"text":"list","start":3822.57,"end":3823.09},{"text":"of","start":3823.25,"end":3823.37},{"text":"speakers.","start":3823.37,"end":3824.17}]},{"text":"Please remember to limit your interventions to two minutes, please.","start":3826.97,"end":3833.05,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Please","start":3826.97,"end":3827.45},{"text":"remember","start":3827.53,"end":3828.09},{"text":"to","start":3829.05,"end":3829.17},{"text":"limit","start":3829.21,"end":3829.61},{"text":"your","start":3829.85,"end":3830.05},{"text":"interventions","start":3830.05,"end":3831.05},{"text":"to","start":3831.05,"end":3831.37},{"text":"two","start":3831.37,"end":3831.77},{"text":"minutes,","start":3831.77,"end":3832.41},{"text":"please.","start":3832.57,"end":3833.05}]},{"text":"I have the list of speakers before me.","start":3835.37,"end":3837.05,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":3835.37,"end":3835.45},{"text":"have","start":3835.45,"end":3835.61},{"text":"the","start":3835.61,"end":3835.73},{"text":"list","start":3835.73,"end":3835.93},{"text":"of","start":3835.93,"end":3836.01},{"text":"speakers","start":3836.01,"end":3836.41},{"text":"before","start":3836.41,"end":3836.65},{"text":"me.","start":3836.65,"end":3837.05}]},{"text":"And the first on the list is the Russian Federation.","start":3837.97,"end":3841.97,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":3837.97,"end":3838.09},{"text":"the","start":3838.09,"end":3838.21},{"text":"first","start":3838.21,"end":3838.77},{"text":"on","start":3839.61,"end":3839.69},{"text":"the","start":3839.69,"end":3839.81},{"text":"list","start":3839.81,"end":3840.37},{"text":"is","start":3840.69,"end":3840.93},{"text":"the","start":3840.93,"end":3841.05},{"text":"Russian","start":3841.05,"end":3841.41},{"text":"Federation.","start":3841.41,"end":3841.97}]},{"text":"The Russian Federation, I give you the floor, 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Rapporteur.","start":3851.25,"end":3853.49,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":3851.25,"end":3851.49},{"text":"you","start":3851.49,"end":3851.57},{"text":"very","start":3851.57,"end":3851.81},{"text":"much,","start":3851.81,"end":3852.33},{"text":"Chairperson","start":3852.33,"end":3852.81},{"text":"Rapporteur.","start":3852.81,"end":3853.49}]},{"text":"We'd also like to thank the panelists for their very useful presentations.","start":3853.49,"end":3860.45,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We'd","start":3853.49,"end":3853.85},{"text":"also","start":3853.85,"end":3854.05},{"text":"like","start":3854.05,"end":3854.29},{"text":"to","start":3854.29,"end":3854.45},{"text":"thank","start":3854.45,"end":3854.93},{"text":"the","start":3855.57,"end":3855.81},{"text":"panelists","start":3856.05,"end":3856.77},{"text":"for","start":3856.77,"end":3857.01},{"text":"their","start":3857.01,"end":3857.33},{"text":"very","start":3857.65,"end":3858.05},{"text":"useful","start":3858.45,"end":3859.17},{"text":"presentations.","start":3859.53,"end":3860.45}]},{"text":"As far as the first thematic clusters concerned, would like to share with you the following ideas.","start":3861.41,"end":3868.49,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"As","start":3861.41,"end":3861.73},{"text":"far","start":3861.73,"end":3862.09},{"text":"as","start":3862.09,"end":3862.53},{"text":"the","start":3862.53,"end":3862.69},{"text":"first","start":3862.69,"end":3863.33},{"text":"thematic","start":3863.93,"end":3864.49},{"text":"clusters","start":3864.73,"end":3865.29},{"text":"concerned,","start":3865.29,"end":3865.77},{"text":"would","start":3865.77,"end":3865.97},{"text":"like","start":3865.97,"end":3866.25},{"text":"to","start":3866.25,"end":3866.37},{"text":"share","start":3866.37,"end":3866.57},{"text":"with","start":3866.57,"end":3866.73},{"text":"you","start":3866.73,"end":3866.97},{"text":"the","start":3867.37,"end":3867.49},{"text":"following","start":3867.49,"end":3867.93},{"text":"ideas.","start":3867.93,"end":3868.49}]},{"text":"The Russian Federation shares in general the essence of proposals contained in principle one.","start":3868.49,"end":3876.65,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":3868.49,"end":3868.61},{"text":"Russian","start":3868.61,"end":3868.89},{"text":"Federation","start":3868.89,"end":3869.69},{"text":"shares","start":3870.89,"end":3871.45},{"text":"in","start":3871.45,"end":3871.61},{"text":"general","start":3871.61,"end":3872.25},{"text":"the","start":3872.25,"end":3872.53},{"text":"essence","start":3873.77,"end":3874.21},{"text":"of","start":3874.21,"end":3874.29},{"text":"proposals","start":3874.29,"end":3874.97},{"text":"contained","start":3874.97,"end":3875.53},{"text":"in","start":3875.53,"end":3875.77},{"text":"principle","start":3875.77,"end":3876.33},{"text":"one.","start":3876.33,"end":3876.65}]},{"text":"At the same time, certain aspects require clarification in terms of terminology.","start":3876.65,"end":3880.97,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"At","start":3876.65,"end":3876.73},{"text":"the","start":3876.73,"end":3876.85},{"text":"same","start":3876.85,"end":3877.05},{"text":"time,","start":3877.05,"end":3877.37},{"text":"certain","start":3877.37,"end":3877.61},{"text":"aspects","start":3877.61,"end":3878.17},{"text":"require","start":3878.17,"end":3878.61},{"text":"clarification","start":3878.61,"end":3879.53},{"text":"in","start":3879.53,"end":3879.61},{"text":"terms","start":3879.61,"end":3880.01},{"text":"of","start":3880.01,"end":3880.09},{"text":"terminology.","start":3880.09,"end":3880.97}]},{"text":"First of all, the draft does not clearly indicate the age of children in question in relation to preschool education.","start":3881.29,"end":3887.69,"topics":[{"key":"education-continuum","label":"Education as a Continuum from Early Childhood Through Life","description":"Some interventions argued that the right to education should be understood as a 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educational programs of preschool education as aspects of financing activities for the provision of food supervision, care, household support and other social services.","start":3931.57,"end":3948.97,"topics":[{"key":"hidden-education-costs","label":"Hidden Costs and Real Access","description":"Many speakers stressed that education is not truly free if children and families still have to cover transport, uniforms, books, meals, exam fees, assistive supports, or other indirect costs that prevent attendance, participation, and completion."},{"key":"free-preprimary-secondary","label":"Free Pre-Primary and Secondary Education","description":"A central issue was whether the proposed optional protocol should explicitly guarantee at least one year of free public pre-primary education and free public secondary education, closing the gap left by current treaty language that clearly mandates free primary education 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believe that it's necessary to elaborate the draft first article under principle one in such a way that the obligation of the state to provide free preschool education will be interpreted as the obligation to completely exempt parents from any payments related to supervision and care unless the state specifically assumes such an extended social obligation.","start":3950.33,"end":3974.09,"topics":[{"key":"hidden-education-costs","label":"Hidden Costs and Real Access","description":"Many speakers stressed that education is not truly free if children and families still have to cover transport, uniforms, books, meals, exam fees, assistive supports, or other indirect costs that prevent attendance, participation, and completion."},{"key":"free-preprimary-secondary","label":"Free Pre-Primary and Secondary Education","description":"A central issue was whether the proposed optional protocol should explicitly guarantee at least one year of free public pre-primary education and free public 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addition, in order to ensure legal clarity, it is necessary to clearly spell out that the mentioned article deals with the definition of the child's right to pre-primary education.","start":3974.45,"end":3987.05,"topics":[{"key":"free-preprimary-secondary","label":"Free Pre-Primary and Secondary Education","description":"A central issue was whether the proposed optional protocol should explicitly guarantee at least one year of free public pre-primary education and free public secondary education, closing the gap left by current treaty language that clearly mandates free primary education 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the same time, it is necessary to clearly define the category of children who will fall under the scope of the future legally binding instrument.","start":3987.17,"end":3994.97,"topics":[{"key":"treaty-complementarity","label":"Complementarity with Existing Treaties","description":"Delegations repeatedly discussed how any new protocol should relate to the CRC, ICESCR, SDG 4, and other instruments. 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This perspective connected early care, later school success, multiple learning pathways, and broader human development."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":4027.13,"end":4027.25},{"text":"is","start":4027.25,"end":4027.33},{"text":"also","start":4027.33,"end":4027.65},{"text":"unclear","start":4027.65,"end":4028.21},{"text":"whether","start":4028.73,"end":4029.33},{"text":"early","start":4029.33,"end":4029.65},{"text":"childhood","start":4029.65,"end":4030.05},{"text":"education","start":4030.05,"end":4030.57},{"text":"is","start":4030.57,"end":4030.69},{"text":"defined","start":4030.69,"end":4031.09},{"text":"as","start":4031.09,"end":4031.25},{"text":"a","start":4031.25,"end":4031.29},{"text":"separate","start":4031.29,"end":4031.85},{"text":"type","start":4031.85,"end":4032.01},{"text":"of","start":4032.01,"end":4032.13},{"text":"education","start":4032.13,"end":4032.77},{"text":"included","start":4032.77,"end":4033.41},{"text":"in","start":4033.41,"end":4033.49},{"text":"the","start":4033.49,"end":4033.61},{"text":"general","start":4033.61,"end":4033.97},{"text":"concept","start":4033.97,"end":4034.41},{"text":"of","start":4034.41,"end":4034.53},{"text":"education","start":4034.53,"end":4035.25},{"text":"as","start":4035.89,"end":4036.05},{"text":"provided","start":4036.05,"end":4036.53},{"text":"for","start":4036.53,"end":4036.65},{"text":"the","start":4036.65,"end":4036.77},{"text":"first","start":4036.77,"end":4037.25},{"text":"in","start":4037.89,"end":4038.01},{"text":"the","start":4038.01,"end":4038.09},{"text":"first","start":4038.09,"end":4038.53},{"text":"article","start":4038.77,"end":4039.09},{"text":"of","start":4039.09,"end":4039.17},{"text":"principle","start":4039.17,"end":4039.61},{"text":"one","start":4039.61,"end":4039.89},{"text":"or","start":4040.37,"end":4040.61},{"text":"as","start":4040.61,"end":4040.77},{"text":"a","start":4040.77,"end":4040.85},{"text":"type","start":4040.85,"end":4041.09},{"text":"of","start":4041.09,"end":4041.25},{"text":"preschool","start":4041.25,"end":4041.73},{"text":"education","start":4041.73,"end":4042.29},{"text":"which","start":4042.29,"end":4042.61},{"text":"corresponds","start":4042.61,"end":4043.17},{"text":"to","start":4043.17,"end":4043.29},{"text":"the","start":4043.29,"end":4043.41},{"text":"title","start":4043.41,"end":4043.77},{"text":"of","start":4043.77,"end":4043.89},{"text":"the","start":4043.89,"end":4044.01},{"text":"optional","start":4044.01,"end":4044.29},{"text":"protocol.","start":4044.29,"end":4044.93}]},{"text":"We agree that the optional protocol should not repeat, revise or re-regulate the provisions of the Convention on the Rights of Child as provided in principle two.","start":4045.17,"end":4054.77,"topics":[{"key":"treaty-complementarity","label":"Complementarity with Existing Treaties","description":"Delegations repeatedly discussed how any new protocol should relate to the CRC, ICESCR, SDG 4, and other instruments. 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They supported language preserving stronger national laws and broader international standards already in force."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4045.17,"end":4045.37},{"text":"agree","start":4045.37,"end":4045.65},{"text":"that","start":4045.65,"end":4045.89},{"text":"the","start":4045.89,"end":4046.01},{"text":"optional","start":4046.01,"end":4046.37},{"text":"protocol","start":4046.37,"end":4046.85},{"text":"should","start":4046.85,"end":4047.01},{"text":"not","start":4047.01,"end":4047.25},{"text":"repeat,","start":4047.25,"end":4047.81},{"text":"revise","start":4048.29,"end":4048.93},{"text":"or","start":4048.93,"end":4049.29},{"text":"re-regulate","start":4049.29,"end":4050.45},{"text":"the","start":4050.77,"end":4051.01},{"text":"provisions","start":4051.09,"end":4051.61},{"text":"of","start":4051.61,"end":4051.73},{"text":"the","start":4051.73,"end":4051.81},{"text":"Convention","start":4051.81,"end":4052.25},{"text":"on","start":4052.25,"end":4052.33},{"text":"the","start":4052.33,"end":4052.41},{"text":"Rights","start":4052.41,"end":4052.73},{"text":"of","start":4052.73,"end":4052.85},{"text":"Child","start":4052.85,"end":4053.21},{"text":"as","start":4053.21,"end":4053.33},{"text":"provided","start":4053.33,"end":4053.81},{"text":"in","start":4053.81,"end":4053.93},{"text":"principle","start":4053.93,"end":4054.37},{"text":"two.","start":4054.37,"end":4054.77}]},{"text":"It is fundamentally important to ensure that the future instrument be limited in scope of regulation and focuses specifically on free public preschool and secondary education.","start":4055.25,"end":4067.69,"topics":[{"key":"free-preprimary-secondary","label":"Free Pre-Primary and Secondary Education","description":"A central issue was whether the proposed optional protocol should explicitly guarantee at least one year of free public pre-primary education and free public secondary education, closing the gap left by current treaty language that clearly mandates free primary education only."},{"key":"public-education-systems","label":"Public Education and State Responsibility","description":"Several statements focused on the role of the state in guaranteeing free education through strong public systems. This included debate over whether the protocol should explicitly refer to public education, how to avoid overreliance on private providers, and how to preserve parental and community roles."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":4055.25,"end":4055.45},{"text":"is","start":4055.45,"end":4055.57},{"text":"fundamentally","start":4055.57,"end":4056.33},{"text":"important","start":4056.33,"end":4057.09},{"text":"to","start":4057.41,"end":4057.61},{"text":"ensure","start":4057.61,"end":4057.97},{"text":"that","start":4057.97,"end":4058.13},{"text":"the","start":4058.13,"end":4058.21},{"text":"future","start":4058.21,"end":4058.69},{"text":"instrument","start":4058.69,"end":4059.57},{"text":"be","start":4059.97,"end":4060.29},{"text":"limited","start":4060.37,"end":4061.17},{"text":"in","start":4061.41,"end":4061.65},{"text":"scope","start":4061.65,"end":4062.01},{"text":"of","start":4062.01,"end":4062.13},{"text":"regulation","start":4062.13,"end":4062.73},{"text":"and","start":4062.73,"end":4062.85},{"text":"focuses","start":4062.85,"end":4063.25},{"text":"specifically","start":4063.25,"end":4064.05},{"text":"on","start":4064.05,"end":4064.29},{"text":"free","start":4064.29,"end":4064.61},{"text":"public","start":4064.61,"end":4065.25},{"text":"preschool","start":4065.77,"end":4066.33},{"text":"and","start":4066.33,"end":4066.49},{"text":"secondary","start":4066.49,"end":4066.93},{"text":"education.","start":4066.93,"end":4067.69}]},{"text":"The expansion of the subject matter of regulation to include issues already regulated by the Convention on the Rights of the Child or by other international legal instruments, including the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, may lead to uncertainty in the application of the law and complicate the implementation of international obligations.","start":4068.01,"end":4088.49,"topics":[{"key":"treaty-complementarity","label":"Complementarity with Existing Treaties","description":"Delegations repeatedly discussed how any new protocol should relate to the CRC, ICESCR, SDG 4, and other instruments. 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first of all, let me begin by saying that, of course, Slovenia supports the overall objective of strengthening every child's access to inclusive, equitable and quality 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the same time, we believe that the first set of principles requires a lot of further 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relevant age groups should also be specified, particularly given the considerable differences between the national educational 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the intended meaning of free education.","start":4214.65,"end":4220.09,"topics":[{"key":"hidden-education-costs","label":"Hidden Costs and Real Access","description":"Many speakers stressed that education is not truly free if children and families still have to cover transport, uniforms, books, meals, exam fees, assistive supports, or other indirect costs that prevent attendance, participation, and 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Salvador","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":20,"start":4556.13,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k11/k11ash292p?t=4557","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank you, Asmaa, for your presentation.","start":4556.13,"end":4558.21,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":4556.13,"end":4556.21},{"text":"thank","start":4556.21,"end":4556.41},{"text":"you,","start":4556.41,"end":4556.49},{"text":"Asmaa,","start":4556.49,"end":4556.85},{"text":"for","start":4556.93,"end":4557.09},{"text":"your","start":4557.09,"end":4557.25},{"text":"presentation.","start":4557.49,"end":4558.21}]},{"text":"We move to the next on the list and I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Saudi Arabia.","start":4559.09,"end":4564.53,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4559.09,"end":4559.21},{"text":"move","start":4559.21,"end":4559.49},{"text":"to","start":4559.49,"end":4559.57},{"text":"the","start":4559.57,"end":4559.69},{"text":"next","start":4559.69,"end":4560.33},{"text":"on","start":4560.33,"end":4560.49},{"text":"the","start":4560.49,"end":4560.61},{"text":"list","start":4560.61,"end":4561.25},{"text":"and","start":4561.25,"end":4561.69},{"text":"I","start":4561.73,"end":4561.89},{"text":"give","start":4561.89,"end":4562.05},{"text":"the","start":4562.05,"end":4562.13},{"text":"floor","start":4562.13,"end":4562.37},{"text":"to","start":4562.37,"end":4562.49},{"text":"the","start":4562.49,"end":4562.57},{"text":"distinguished","start":4562.57,"end":4563.09},{"text":"representative","start":4563.09,"end":4563.65},{"text":"of","start":4563.65,"end":4563.73},{"text":"Saudi","start":4563.73,"end":4564.09},{"text":"Arabia.","start":4564.09,"end":4564.53}]},{"text":"Saudi Arabia, please.","start":4565.25,"end":4566.21,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Saudi","start":4565.25,"end":4565.61},{"text":"Arabia,","start":4565.61,"end":4565.85},{"text":"please.","start":4565.85,"end":4566.21}]},{"text":"And that will be followed by Peru.","start":4566.21,"end":4568.77,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":4566.21,"end":4566.41},{"text":"that","start":4566.41,"end":4566.61},{"text":"will","start":4566.61,"end":4566.73},{"text":"be","start":4566.73,"end":4566.81},{"text":"followed","start":4566.81,"end":4567.25},{"text":"by","start":4567.41,"end":4567.73},{"text":"Peru.","start":4568.21,"end":4568.77}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Safa","affiliation":"SLE","affiliation_full":"Sierra Leone","group":null,"function":"Chair-Rapporteur"}},{"statement_number":21,"start":4573.57,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k11/k11ash292p?t=4574","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Mr. President.","start":4573.57,"end":4576.21,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":4573.57,"end":4573.89},{"text":"you,","start":4573.89,"end":4574.13},{"text":"Mr.","start":4575.17,"end":4575.45},{"text":"President.","start":4575.45,"end":4576.21}]},{"text":"I would also like to thank the panelists for their presentations.","start":4577.57,"end":4582.05,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":4577.57,"end":4577.65},{"text":"would","start":4577.69,"end":4577.81},{"text":"also","start":4577.81,"end":4578.09},{"text":"like","start":4578.09,"end":4578.29},{"text":"to","start":4578.29,"end":4578.37},{"text":"thank","start":4578.37,"end":4578.85},{"text":"the","start":4579.09,"end":4579.21},{"text":"panelists","start":4579.21,"end":4579.89},{"text":"for","start":4579.89,"end":4580.05},{"text":"their","start":4580.05,"end":4580.77},{"text":"presentations.","start":4581.25,"end":4582.05}]},{"text":"The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is looking forward to listening to the contributions of the stakeholders in general and the international and regional organizations and agencies in the working group to strengthen the formulation of the optional protocol based on consensus.","start":4582.05,"end":4600.57,"topics":[{"key":"child-participation","label":"Child Participation in Law and Oversight","description":"A recurring topic was the meaningful involvement of children in shaping the protocol and in monitoring its implementation. Speakers argued that children are rights holders whose lived experience is essential for defining barriers, evaluating progress, and informing state reporting."},{"key":"treaty-complementarity","label":"Complementarity with Existing Treaties","description":"Delegations repeatedly discussed how any new protocol should relate to the CRC, ICESCR, SDG 4, and other instruments. The debate focused on whether the protocol would fill a genuine normative gap and strengthen implementation, or risk duplication and legal fragmentation."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":4582.05,"end":4582.17},{"text":"Kingdom","start":4582.21,"end":4582.49},{"text":"of","start":4582.49,"end":4582.57},{"text":"Saudi","start":4582.57,"end":4582.81},{"text":"Arabia","start":4582.81,"end":4583.41},{"text":"is","start":4583.97,"end":4584.09},{"text":"looking","start":4584.09,"end":4584.33},{"text":"forward","start":4584.33,"end":4585.05},{"text":"to","start":4585.53,"end":4585.77},{"text":"listening","start":4585.77,"end":4586.49},{"text":"to","start":4586.49,"end":4587.05},{"text":"the","start":4587.05,"end":4587.21},{"text":"contributions","start":4587.85,"end":4588.73},{"text":"of","start":4588.73,"end":4589.13},{"text":"the","start":4589.13,"end":4589.21},{"text":"stakeholders","start":4589.21,"end":4590.09},{"text":"in","start":4590.09,"end":4590.25},{"text":"general","start":4590.25,"end":4590.65},{"text":"and","start":4590.65,"end":4590.81},{"text":"the","start":4590.81,"end":4590.89},{"text":"international","start":4590.89,"end":4591.45},{"text":"and","start":4591.45,"end":4591.61},{"text":"regional","start":4591.61,"end":4592.09},{"text":"organizations","start":4592.41,"end":4593.13},{"text":"and","start":4593.13,"end":4593.25},{"text":"agencies","start":4593.25,"end":4594.01},{"text":"in","start":4594.01,"end":4594.33},{"text":"the","start":4594.33,"end":4594.41},{"text":"working","start":4594.41,"end":4594.73},{"text":"group","start":4594.73,"end":4594.97},{"text":"to","start":4594.97,"end":4595.53},{"text":"strengthen","start":4595.93,"end":4596.89},{"text":"the","start":4596.97,"end":4597.13},{"text":"formulation","start":4597.13,"end":4598.01},{"text":"of","start":4598.01,"end":4598.25},{"text":"the","start":4598.25,"end":4598.45},{"text":"optional","start":4598.45,"end":4598.81},{"text":"protocol","start":4598.81,"end":4599.45},{"text":"based","start":4599.45,"end":4599.77},{"text":"on","start":4599.77,"end":4599.85},{"text":"consensus.","start":4599.85,"end":4600.57}]},{"text":"The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia reaffirms its commitment to constructively participating in the working group to realize a practical and balanced protocol that enhances the right to education in line with the different legal systems and national capacities of the countries concerned and realising international consensus.","start":4601.21,"end":4630.45,"topics":[{"key":"education-financing","label":"Education Financing and International Support","description":"A major theme was whether states are allocating maximum available resources to education and how financing gaps, debt burdens, aid cuts, and differing national capacities affect implementation. Many linked stronger legal standards to stronger budgeting, technical support, and international cooperation."},{"key":"treaty-complementarity","label":"Complementarity with Existing Treaties","description":"Delegations repeatedly discussed how any new protocol should relate to the CRC, ICESCR, SDG 4, and other instruments. The debate focused on whether the protocol would fill a genuine normative gap and strengthen implementation, or risk duplication and legal fragmentation."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":4601.21,"end":4601.41},{"text":"Kingdom","start":4601.45,"end":4601.77},{"text":"of","start":4601.77,"end":4601.85},{"text":"Saudi","start":4601.85,"end":4602.05},{"text":"Arabia","start":4602.05,"end":4602.45},{"text":"reaffirms","start":4602.45,"end":4603.29},{"text":"its","start":4603.37,"end":4603.69},{"text":"commitment","start":4604.25,"end":4604.97},{"text":"to","start":4605.13,"end":4605.61},{"text":"constructively","start":4605.69,"end":4606.81},{"text":"participating","start":4607.13,"end":4608.09},{"text":"in","start":4608.09,"end":4608.49},{"text":"the","start":4608.57,"end":4608.69},{"text":"working","start":4608.69,"end":4609.05},{"text":"group","start":4609.05,"end":4609.37},{"text":"to","start":4609.61,"end":4609.85},{"text":"realize","start":4609.85,"end":4610.73},{"text":"a","start":4612.09,"end":4612.1},{"text":"practical","start":4612.09,"end":4612.65},{"text":"and","start":4612.65,"end":4612.77},{"text":"balanced","start":4612.77,"end":4613.33},{"text":"protocol","start":4613.41,"end":4614.13},{"text":"that","start":4614.21,"end":4614.53},{"text":"enhances","start":4614.53,"end":4615.09},{"text":"the","start":4615.09,"end":4615.17},{"text":"right","start":4615.17,"end":4615.45},{"text":"to","start":4615.45,"end":4615.53},{"text":"education","start":4615.53,"end":4616.53},{"text":"in","start":4617.97,"end":4618.09},{"text":"line","start":4618.09,"end":4618.37},{"text":"with","start":4618.37,"end":4618.73},{"text":"the","start":4618.73,"end":4618.81},{"text":"different","start":4620.53,"end":4621.25},{"text":"legal","start":4621.73,"end":4622.29},{"text":"systems","start":4622.53,"end":4623.49},{"text":"and","start":4623.57,"end":4624.05},{"text":"national","start":4624.05,"end":4624.41},{"text":"capacities","start":4624.41,"end":4625.09},{"text":"of","start":4625.09,"end":4625.17},{"text":"the","start":4625.17,"end":4625.29},{"text":"countries","start":4625.29,"end":4625.73},{"text":"concerned","start":4625.73,"end":4626.37},{"text":"and","start":4626.37,"end":4626.73},{"text":"realising","start":4626.73,"end":4627.65},{"text":"international","start":4629.09,"end":4629.69},{"text":"consensus.","start":4629.69,"end":4630.45}]},{"text":"We would like to make the following observations on principles one and two, Mr. Chair.","start":4630.93,"end":4636.53,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4630.93,"end":4631.13},{"text":"would","start":4631.13,"end":4631.25},{"text":"like","start":4631.25,"end":4631.45},{"text":"to","start":4631.45,"end":4631.57},{"text":"make","start":4631.57,"end":4631.73},{"text":"the","start":4631.73,"end":4631.81},{"text":"following","start":4631.81,"end":4632.29},{"text":"observations","start":4632.29,"end":4633.41},{"text":"on","start":4633.77,"end":4633.97},{"text":"principles","start":4634.41,"end":4635.09},{"text":"one","start":4635.09,"end":4635.25},{"text":"and","start":4635.25,"end":4635.37},{"text":"two,","start":4635.37,"end":4635.57},{"text":"Mr.","start":4635.57,"end":4636.17},{"text":"Chair.","start":4636.17,"end":4636.53}]},{"text":"given the fact that they shape the general framework that will underpin this protocol.","start":4637.05,"end":4641.89,"topics":[{"key":"treaty-complementarity","label":"Complementarity with Existing Treaties","description":"Delegations repeatedly discussed how any new protocol should relate to the CRC, ICESCR, SDG 4, and other instruments. The debate focused on whether the protocol would fill a genuine normative gap and strengthen implementation, or risk duplication and legal fragmentation."}],"words":[{"text":"given","start":4637.05,"end":4637.21},{"text":"the","start":4637.21,"end":4637.29},{"text":"fact","start":4637.29,"end":4637.49},{"text":"that","start":4637.49,"end":4637.69},{"text":"they","start":4637.69,"end":4637.89},{"text":"shape","start":4637.89,"end":4638.45},{"text":"the","start":4638.45,"end":4638.65},{"text":"general","start":4638.65,"end":4639.25},{"text":"framework","start":4639.25,"end":4639.89},{"text":"that","start":4639.97,"end":4640.21},{"text":"will","start":4640.21,"end":4640.37},{"text":"underpin","start":4640.37,"end":4641.09},{"text":"this","start":4641.09,"end":4641.25},{"text":"protocol.","start":4641.25,"end":4641.89}]},{"text":"With regard to principle one on the objectives of the optional protocol in line with resolutions 56 over five, we welcome the general direction to provide public education free of charge in the pre-primary and secondary education stages.","start":4642.21,"end":4665.17,"topics":[{"key":"free-preprimary-secondary","label":"Free Pre-Primary and Secondary Education","description":"A central issue was whether the proposed optional protocol should explicitly guarantee at least one year of free public pre-primary education and free public secondary education, closing the gap left by current treaty language that clearly mandates free primary education only."},{"key":"public-education-systems","label":"Public Education and State Responsibility","description":"Several statements focused on the role of the state in guaranteeing free education through strong public systems. This included debate over whether the protocol should explicitly refer to public education, how to avoid overreliance on private providers, and how to preserve parental and community roles."}],"words":[{"text":"With","start":4642.21,"end":4642.53},{"text":"regard","start":4642.53,"end":4643.01},{"text":"to","start":4643.01,"end":4643.65},{"text":"principle","start":4643.69,"end":4644.45},{"text":"one","start":4645.41,"end":4645.89},{"text":"on","start":4646.53,"end":4646.85},{"text":"the","start":4647.01,"end":4647.29},{"text":"objectives","start":4648.21,"end":4649.01},{"text":"of","start":4649.01,"end":4649.25},{"text":"the","start":4649.29,"end":4649.37},{"text":"optional","start":4649.37,"end":4650.21},{"text":"protocol","start":4650.21,"end":4651.01},{"text":"in","start":4651.01,"end":4651.13},{"text":"line","start":4651.13,"end":4651.41},{"text":"with","start":4651.41,"end":4651.73},{"text":"resolutions","start":4651.73,"end":4652.45},{"text":"56","start":4652.45,"end":4653.01},{"text":"over","start":4653.01,"end":4653.25},{"text":"five,","start":4653.25,"end":4653.81},{"text":"we","start":4654.13,"end":4654.45},{"text":"welcome","start":4654.45,"end":4655.09},{"text":"the","start":4655.25,"end":4655.49},{"text":"general","start":4655.65,"end":4656.17},{"text":"direction","start":4656.17,"end":4656.93},{"text":"to","start":4656.93,"end":4657.25},{"text":"provide","start":4657.25,"end":4657.97},{"text":"public","start":4658.53,"end":4659.09},{"text":"education","start":4659.17,"end":4659.73},{"text":"free","start":4659.73,"end":4659.89},{"text":"of","start":4659.89,"end":4660.05},{"text":"charge","start":4660.05,"end":4660.45},{"text":"in","start":4660.45,"end":4660.61},{"text":"the","start":4660.61,"end":4660.69},{"text":"pre-primary","start":4660.69,"end":4661.97},{"text":"and","start":4662.05,"end":4662.53},{"text":"secondary","start":4663.25,"end":4663.81},{"text":"education","start":4663.81,"end":4664.33},{"text":"stages.","start":4664.33,"end":4665.17}]},{"text":"The commitments must be formulated in line with the different educational systems and the different institutional capacities of countries as well as resources, national resources, to ensure the enforceability and access to the protocol.","start":4666.41,"end":4681.73,"topics":[{"key":"education-financing","label":"Education Financing and International Support","description":"A major theme was whether states are allocating maximum available resources to education and how financing gaps, debt burdens, aid cuts, and differing national capacities affect implementation. Many linked stronger legal standards to stronger budgeting, technical support, and international cooperation."},{"key":"monitoring-accountability","label":"Monitoring and Accountability","description":"Participants stressed that clearer legal obligations need effective follow-up through reporting, review, and accountability mechanisms. Discussion covered how to monitor implementation within existing CRC systems and how to ensure commitments are enforceable rather than merely aspirational."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":4666.41,"end":4666.45},{"text":"commitments","start":4666.45,"end":4667.09},{"text":"must","start":4667.09,"end":4667.33},{"text":"be","start":4667.33,"end":4667.49},{"text":"formulated","start":4667.49,"end":4668.21},{"text":"in","start":4668.21,"end":4668.29},{"text":"line","start":4668.29,"end":4668.61},{"text":"with","start":4668.61,"end":4669.01},{"text":"the","start":4669.17,"end":4669.25},{"text":"different","start":4669.25,"end":4669.89},{"text":"educational","start":4669.89,"end":4670.45},{"text":"systems","start":4670.45,"end":4671.09},{"text":"and","start":4671.09,"end":4671.21},{"text":"the","start":4671.21,"end":4671.33},{"text":"different","start":4671.33,"end":4671.89},{"text":"institutional","start":4671.89,"end":4672.77},{"text":"capacities","start":4672.77,"end":4673.33},{"text":"of","start":4673.33,"end":4673.41},{"text":"countries","start":4673.41,"end":4673.97},{"text":"as","start":4673.97,"end":4674.05},{"text":"well","start":4674.05,"end":4674.29},{"text":"as","start":4674.29,"end":4674.45},{"text":"resources,","start":4674.45,"end":4675.25},{"text":"national","start":4675.41,"end":4675.77},{"text":"resources,","start":4675.77,"end":4676.53},{"text":"to","start":4676.93,"end":4677.49},{"text":"ensure","start":4677.65,"end":4678.45},{"text":"the","start":4678.45,"end":4678.61},{"text":"enforceability","start":4678.69,"end":4679.65},{"text":"and","start":4680.05,"end":4680.33},{"text":"access","start":4680.37,"end":4680.85},{"text":"to","start":4680.85,"end":4680.97},{"text":"the","start":4680.97,"end":4681.09},{"text":"protocol.","start":4681.09,"end":4681.73}]},{"text":"The Kingdom would like to propose the formulation of the articles of the principle as follows, provide public education in the pre-primary stage and secondary stage free of charge, starting by not less than one year based on its resources and institutional frameworks.","start":4682.21,"end":4713.13,"topics":[{"key":"free-preprimary-secondary","label":"Free Pre-Primary and Secondary Education","description":"A central issue was whether the proposed optional protocol should explicitly guarantee at least one year of free public pre-primary education and free public secondary education, closing the gap left by current treaty language that clearly mandates free primary education only."},{"key":"education-financing","label":"Education Financing and International Support","description":"A major theme was whether states are allocating maximum available resources to education and how financing gaps, debt burdens, aid cuts, and differing national capacities affect implementation. 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we propose that this principle should be removed completely.","start":4738.57,"end":4743.69,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Therefore,","start":4738.57,"end":4739.21},{"text":"we","start":4739.21,"end":4739.61},{"text":"propose","start":4739.61,"end":4740.17},{"text":"that","start":4740.17,"end":4740.33},{"text":"this","start":4740.33,"end":4740.57},{"text":"principle","start":4740.57,"end":4741.29},{"text":"should","start":4741.29,"end":4741.69},{"text":"be","start":4741.77,"end":4742.25},{"text":"removed","start":4742.57,"end":4743.05},{"text":"completely.","start":4743.05,"end":4743.69}]},{"text":"Thank you.","start":4743.69,"end":4744.13,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":4743.69,"end":4744.05},{"text":"you.","start":4744.05,"end":4744.13}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"SAU","affiliation_full":"Saudi 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Cuba.","start":4750.73,"end":4754.49,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":4750.73,"end":4750.77},{"text":"next","start":4750.77,"end":4751.21},{"text":"is","start":4751.29,"end":4751.61},{"text":"Peru,","start":4751.77,"end":4752.33},{"text":"to","start":4753.05,"end":4753.17},{"text":"be","start":4753.17,"end":4753.29},{"text":"followed","start":4753.29,"end":4753.77},{"text":"by","start":4753.85,"end":4754.01},{"text":"Cuba.","start":4754.01,"end":4754.49}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Safa","affiliation":"SLE","affiliation_full":"Sierra Leone","group":null,"function":"Chair-Rapporteur"}},{"statement_number":23,"start":4758.65,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k11/k11ash292p?t=4759","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you very much, 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This perspective connected early care, later school success, multiple learning pathways, and broader human development."}],"words":[{"text":"Chair","start":4932.97,"end":4933.17},{"text":"rapporteur,","start":4933.17,"end":4934.01},{"text":"every","start":4934.25,"end":4934.89},{"text":"child,","start":4934.89,"end":4935.61},{"text":"boy","start":4935.93,"end":4936.25},{"text":"and","start":4936.29,"end":4936.49},{"text":"girl,","start":4936.49,"end":4936.97},{"text":"has","start":4936.97,"end":4937.29},{"text":"the","start":4937.29,"end":4937.37},{"text":"right","start":4937.37,"end":4937.81},{"text":"to","start":4937.81,"end":4937.89},{"text":"have","start":4937.93,"end":4938.49},{"text":"quality,","start":4938.49,"end":4939.21},{"text":"free,","start":4939.21,"end":4939.85},{"text":"universal","start":4939.85,"end":4940.53},{"text":"education","start":4940.53,"end":4941.29},{"text":"throughout","start":4941.29,"end":4941.85},{"text":"their","start":4941.85,"end":4942.01},{"text":"life.","start":4942.01,"end":4942.49}]},{"text":"Cuba supports strengthening international instruments to ensure that there is true access to the right to education, including by means of an additional optional protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child.","start":4943.13,"end":4958.49,"topics":[{"key":"treaty-complementarity","label":"Complementarity with Existing Treaties","description":"Delegations repeatedly discussed how any new protocol should relate to the CRC, ICESCR, SDG 4, and other instruments. 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Firstly, I would also like to thank all the panelists for their very substantive intervention and also to you, Chair, for facilitating this discussion.","start":5381.85,"end":5392.09,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Rapporteur.","start":5381.85,"end":5382.41},{"text":"Firstly,","start":5383.29,"end":5383.81},{"text":"I","start":5383.81,"end":5383.85},{"text":"would","start":5383.85,"end":5384.01},{"text":"also","start":5384.01,"end":5384.21},{"text":"like","start":5384.21,"end":5384.41},{"text":"to","start":5384.41,"end":5384.61},{"text":"thank","start":5384.61,"end":5384.81},{"text":"all","start":5384.81,"end":5384.89},{"text":"the","start":5384.89,"end":5385.01},{"text":"panelists","start":5385.01,"end":5385.69},{"text":"for","start":5385.77,"end":5385.93},{"text":"their","start":5385.97,"end":5386.17},{"text":"very","start":5386.41,"end":5386.89},{"text":"substantive","start":5386.89,"end":5387.77},{"text":"intervention","start":5387.77,"end":5388.57},{"text":"and","start":5388.57,"end":5388.73},{"text":"also","start":5388.73,"end":5389.21},{"text":"to","start":5389.53,"end":5389.69},{"text":"you,","start":5389.69,"end":5389.93},{"text":"Chair,","start":5389.93,"end":5390.17},{"text":"for","start":5390.17,"end":5390.49},{"text":"facilitating","start":5390.49,"end":5391.25},{"text":"this","start":5391.25,"end":5391.41},{"text":"discussion.","start":5391.41,"end":5392.09}]},{"text":"As mentioned by the other colleagues, we think it's an important phase to continue further reflection on the issue that is in front of us.","start":5392.49,"end":5402.73,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"As","start":5392.49,"end":5392.65},{"text":"mentioned","start":5392.65,"end":5393.05},{"text":"by","start":5393.05,"end":5393.21},{"text":"the","start":5393.21,"end":5393.37},{"text":"other","start":5393.85,"end":5394.09},{"text":"colleagues,","start":5394.09,"end":5394.45},{"text":"we","start":5394.45,"end":5394.57},{"text":"think","start":5394.57,"end":5394.81},{"text":"it's","start":5394.81,"end":5395.05},{"text":"an","start":5395.05,"end":5395.13},{"text":"important","start":5395.13,"end":5395.61},{"text":"phase","start":5395.61,"end":5396.01},{"text":"to","start":5396.01,"end":5396.33},{"text":"continue","start":5396.89,"end":5397.61},{"text":"further","start":5397.77,"end":5398.09},{"text":"reflection","start":5398.09,"end":5398.81},{"text":"on","start":5399.25,"end":5399.53},{"text":"the","start":5400.81,"end":5400.97},{"text":"issue","start":5401.53,"end":5401.81},{"text":"that","start":5401.81,"end":5401.93},{"text":"is","start":5401.93,"end":5402.09},{"text":"in","start":5402.09,"end":5402.17},{"text":"front","start":5402.17,"end":5402.41},{"text":"of","start":5402.41,"end":5402.57},{"text":"us.","start":5402.61,"end":5402.73}]},{"text":"As mentioned yesterday in our general statement, we support the underlying objectives as reflected in resolution 56/5 and the mandate of the open-ended intergovernmental working group.","start":5403.29,"end":5416.41,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"As","start":5403.29,"end":5403.45},{"text":"mentioned","start":5403.45,"end":5403.85},{"text":"yesterday","start":5403.85,"end":5404.29},{"text":"in","start":5404.29,"end":5404.41},{"text":"our","start":5404.41,"end":5404.49},{"text":"general","start":5404.49,"end":5405.05},{"text":"statement,","start":5405.21,"end":5405.77},{"text":"we","start":5405.77,"end":5405.93},{"text":"support","start":5405.93,"end":5406.49},{"text":"the","start":5406.65,"end":5406.85},{"text":"underlying","start":5406.85,"end":5407.29},{"text":"objectives","start":5407.29,"end":5408.17},{"text":"as","start":5409.37,"end":5409.69},{"text":"reflected","start":5409.69,"end":5410.29},{"text":"in","start":5410.29,"end":5410.41},{"text":"resolution","start":5410.41,"end":5411.13},{"text":"56/5","start":5411.13,"end":5412.97},{"text":"and","start":5413.21,"end":5413.41},{"text":"the","start":5413.41,"end":5413.49},{"text":"mandate","start":5413.49,"end":5414.01},{"text":"of","start":5414.01,"end":5414.17},{"text":"the","start":5414.21,"end":5414.29},{"text":"open-ended","start":5414.29,"end":5414.89},{"text":"intergovernmental","start":5414.89,"end":5415.69},{"text":"working","start":5415.69,"end":5416.13},{"text":"group.","start":5416.13,"end":5416.41}]},{"text":"However, respectfully, at this stage, we do not believe that the draft principles as currently drafted fully respond to that mandate.","start":5416.97,"end":5424.01,"topics":[{"key":"treaty-complementarity","label":"Complementarity with Existing Treaties","description":"Delegations repeatedly discussed how any new protocol should relate to the CRC, ICESCR, SDG 4, and other instruments. 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panelists.","start":5538.93,"end":5541.61,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":5538.93,"end":5539.05},{"text":"let","start":5539.05,"end":5539.21},{"text":"me","start":5539.21,"end":5539.53},{"text":"congratulate","start":5539.77,"end":5540.45},{"text":"and","start":5540.45,"end":5540.57},{"text":"thank","start":5540.57,"end":5540.81},{"text":"all","start":5540.81,"end":5540.89},{"text":"the","start":5540.89,"end":5540.97},{"text":"panelists.","start":5540.97,"end":5541.61}]},{"text":"We heard many thoughtful and compelling perspectives, and if you may, I'd like to ask a question to the 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with that in mind, I'd like to ask a question, I think especially for Professor Tadros, Recognizing the existing framework provided by the CRC, the ICESCR, and the considerable body of interpretation and practice, what would be the test for determining whether a future optional protocol represents a meaningful normative advance?","start":5612.81,"end":5633.09,"topics":[{"key":"treaty-complementarity","label":"Complementarity with Existing Treaties","description":"Delegations repeatedly discussed how any new protocol should relate to the CRC, ICESCR, SDG 4, and other instruments. 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The debate focused on whether the protocol would fill a genuine normative gap and strengthen implementation, or risk duplication and legal fragmentation."}],"words":[{"text":"I","start":5633.65,"end":5633.69},{"text":"think","start":5633.69,"end":5634.13},{"text":"we","start":5634.53,"end":5634.73},{"text":"need","start":5634.73,"end":5634.93},{"text":"to","start":5634.93,"end":5635.01},{"text":"not","start":5635.01,"end":5635.45},{"text":"talk","start":5635.45,"end":5635.65},{"text":"just","start":5635.65,"end":5635.89},{"text":"about","start":5635.89,"end":5636.13},{"text":"whether","start":5636.13,"end":5636.49},{"text":"or","start":5636.49,"end":5636.61},{"text":"not","start":5636.61,"end":5636.77},{"text":"we","start":5636.77,"end":5636.85},{"text":"have","start":5636.85,"end":5636.97},{"text":"a","start":5636.97,"end":5637.01},{"text":"protocol,","start":5637.01,"end":5637.45},{"text":"but","start":5637.45,"end":5637.57},{"text":"what","start":5637.57,"end":5637.77},{"text":"kind","start":5637.77,"end":5638.05},{"text":"of","start":5638.05,"end":5638.17},{"text":"a","start":5638.17,"end":5638.21},{"text":"protocol.","start":5638.21,"end":5638.69}]},{"text":"Or to put differently, what would a future text need to achieve for us to conclude that it represents enough of an advance to justify a new instrument?","start":5639.49,"end":5647.53,"topics":[{"key":"treaty-complementarity","label":"Complementarity with Existing Treaties","description":"Delegations repeatedly discussed how any new protocol should relate to the CRC, ICESCR, SDG 4, and other instruments. 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with respect to pre-primary education, what in your view would constitute the principal added value of the protocol?","start":5658.01,"end":5664.33,"topics":[{"key":"free-preprimary-secondary","label":"Free Pre-Primary and Secondary Education","description":"A central issue was whether the proposed optional protocol should explicitly guarantee at least one year of free public pre-primary education and free public secondary education, closing the gap left by current treaty language that clearly mandates free primary education 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fragmented.","start":5777.13,"end":5782.21,"topics":[{"key":"treaty-complementarity","label":"Complementarity with Existing Treaties","description":"Delegations repeatedly discussed how any new protocol should relate to the CRC, ICESCR, SDG 4, and other instruments. 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Discussion covered how to monitor implementation within existing CRC systems and how to ensure commitments are enforceable rather than merely aspirational."},{"key":"treaty-complementarity","label":"Complementarity with Existing Treaties","description":"Delegations repeatedly discussed how any new protocol should relate to the CRC, ICESCR, SDG 4, and other instruments. 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Education International, the global union federation that represents over 33 million teachers and education support personnel across 180 countries and territories, welcomes the ambitious scope and objectives of this.","start":5948.25,"end":5960.93,"topics":[{"key":"treaty-complementarity","label":"Complementarity with Existing Treaties","description":"Delegations repeatedly discussed how any new protocol should relate to the CRC, ICESCR, SDG 4, and other instruments. 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which is Ms. Richler.","start":6189.85,"end":6193.53,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":6189.85,"end":6190.09},{"text":"I'll","start":6190.09,"end":6190.29},{"text":"start","start":6190.29,"end":6190.65},{"text":"for","start":6191.37,"end":6191.53},{"text":"my","start":6191.53,"end":6191.65},{"text":"immediate","start":6191.65,"end":6192.09},{"text":"right,","start":6192.09,"end":6192.33},{"text":"which","start":6192.33,"end":6192.49},{"text":"is","start":6192.49,"end":6192.57},{"text":"Ms.","start":6192.57,"end":6193.09},{"text":"Richler.","start":6193.09,"end":6193.53}]},{"text":"Ms. Richler, please.","start":6194.53,"end":6195.61,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Ms.","start":6194.53,"end":6194.73},{"text":"Richler,","start":6194.89,"end":6195.17},{"text":"please.","start":6195.17,"end":6195.61}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Safa","affiliation":"SLE","affiliation_full":"Sierra 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Canada.","start":6300.25,"end":6305.69,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":6300.25,"end":6300.49},{"text":"similarly","start":6300.49,"end":6301.13},{"text":"will","start":6301.13,"end":6301.53},{"text":"respond","start":6301.53,"end":6301.97},{"text":"to","start":6301.97,"end":6302.09},{"text":"the","start":6302.09,"end":6302.29},{"text":"question","start":6302.29,"end":6302.81},{"text":"raised","start":6302.81,"end":6303.13},{"text":"by","start":6303.13,"end":6303.45},{"text":"Canada.","start":6305.05,"end":6305.69}]},{"text":"I would say a few brief comments.","start":6306.25,"end":6308.41,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":6306.25,"end":6306.41},{"text":"would","start":6306.41,"end":6306.53},{"text":"say","start":6306.53,"end":6307.05},{"text":"a","start":6307.61,"end":6307.65},{"text":"few","start":6307.65,"end":6307.85},{"text":"brief","start":6307.85,"end":6308.09},{"text":"comments.","start":6308.09,"end":6308.41}]},{"text":"First, a uniform standard throughout education from pre-primary through secondary would in itself be a significant advance both for at the international level, but for what it means in terms of advocating domestically in each state to achieve a consistent standard.","start":6308.41,"end":6329.09,"topics":[{"key":"free-preprimary-secondary","label":"Free Pre-Primary and Secondary Education","description":"A central issue was whether the proposed optional protocol should explicitly guarantee at least one year of free public pre-primary education and free public secondary education, closing the gap left by current treaty language that clearly mandates free primary education only."},{"key":"education-continuum","label":"Education as a Continuum from Early Childhood Through Life","description":"Some interventions argued that the right to education should be understood as a continuous pathway beginning in early childhood and extending through secondary education and lifelong learning. 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on the progressive realization question, that standard is ultimately a decision for states.","start":6329.73,"end":6339.17,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Second,","start":6329.73,"end":6330.37},{"text":"on","start":6332.13,"end":6332.29},{"text":"the","start":6332.29,"end":6332.41},{"text":"progressive","start":6332.45,"end":6333.01},{"text":"realization","start":6333.01,"end":6333.65},{"text":"question,","start":6333.65,"end":6334.21},{"text":"that","start":6336.37,"end":6336.69},{"text":"standard","start":6336.69,"end":6337.25},{"text":"is","start":6337.25,"end":6337.41},{"text":"ultimately","start":6337.41,"end":6337.85},{"text":"a","start":6337.85,"end":6337.89},{"text":"decision","start":6337.89,"end":6338.45},{"text":"for","start":6338.45,"end":6338.69},{"text":"states.","start":6338.69,"end":6339.17}]},{"text":"I see my role as offering my expertise based on more than 25 years of research, and I'm happy to be in dialogue with any 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I think If you compare on progressive realization the progress we've made on primary education, which is free and compulsory yet still subject to progressive realization, there's a dramatic difference in the progress there versus pre-primary or secondary education.","start":6348.61,"end":6368.29,"topics":[{"key":"free-preprimary-secondary","label":"Free Pre-Primary and Secondary Education","description":"A central issue was whether the proposed optional protocol should explicitly guarantee at least one year of free public pre-primary education and free public secondary education, closing the gap left by current treaty language that clearly mandates free primary education only."},{"key":"education-continuum","label":"Education as a Continuum from Early Childhood Through Life","description":"Some interventions argued that the right to education should be understood as a continuous pathway beginning in early childhood and extending through secondary education and lifelong learning. 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that to me is evidence-based explanation of what even under a progressive realization standard can be achieved by having a legal standard that insists on education being free.","start":6368.61,"end":6383.33,"topics":[{"key":"free-preprimary-secondary","label":"Free Pre-Primary and Secondary Education","description":"A central issue was whether the proposed optional protocol should explicitly guarantee at least one year of free public pre-primary education and free public secondary education, closing the gap left by current treaty language that clearly mandates free primary education 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Todoros.","start":6388.13,"end":6389.41,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":6388.13,"end":6388.37},{"text":"you,","start":6388.37,"end":6388.53},{"text":"Professor","start":6388.53,"end":6388.89},{"text":"Todoros.","start":6388.89,"end":6389.41}]},{"text":"I move to Ms. Riso.","start":6389.81,"end":6390.97,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":6389.81,"end":6389.97},{"text":"move","start":6389.97,"end":6390.45},{"text":"to","start":6390.45,"end":6390.53},{"text":"Ms.","start":6390.53,"end":6390.77},{"text":"Riso.","start":6390.77,"end":6390.97}]},{"text":"Ms. Riso, do you have any brief remarks?","start":6390.97,"end":6393.01,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Ms.","start":6390.97,"end":6391.25},{"text":"Riso,","start":6391.25,"end":6391.65},{"text":"do","start":6391.65,"end":6391.73},{"text":"you","start":6391.89,"end":6391.97},{"text":"have","start":6391.97,"end":6392.09},{"text":"any","start":6392.09,"end":6392.21},{"text":"brief","start":6392.21,"end":6392.45},{"text":"remarks?","start":6392.45,"end":6393.01}]},{"text":"No. Okay, thank you so much.","start":6393.81,"end":6395.01,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"No.","start":6393.81,"end":6393.97},{"text":"Okay,","start":6393.97,"end":6394.21},{"text":"thank","start":6394.21,"end":6394.45},{"text":"you","start":6394.45,"end":6394.53},{"text":"so","start":6394.53,"end":6394.69},{"text":"much.","start":6394.69,"end":6395.01}]},{"text":"And then we move to the final panelists.","start":6395.01,"end":6398.13,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":6395.01,"end":6395.21},{"text":"then","start":6395.21,"end":6395.41},{"text":"we","start":6395.41,"end":6395.49},{"text":"move","start":6395.49,"end":6395.97},{"text":"to","start":6395.97,"end":6396.05},{"text":"the","start":6396.93,"end":6397.09},{"text":"final","start":6397.09,"end":6397.41},{"text":"panelists.","start":6397.41,"end":6398.13}]},{"text":"Ms. Lane, Ms. Lane, do you have any?","start":6398.13,"end":6400.29,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Ms.","start":6398.13,"end":6398.77},{"text":"Lane,","start":6398.77,"end":6398.97},{"text":"Ms.","start":6398.97,"end":6399.17},{"text":"Lane,","start":6399.17,"end":6399.57},{"text":"do","start":6399.65,"end":6399.77},{"text":"you","start":6399.77,"end":6399.85},{"text":"have","start":6399.85,"end":6400.01},{"text":"any?","start":6400.01,"end":6400.29}]},{"text":"Yeah, 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the moment, many countries fail to guarantee truly free secondary education in law or policy.","start":6512.37,"end":6518.33,"topics":[{"key":"free-preprimary-secondary","label":"Free Pre-Primary and Secondary Education","description":"A central issue was whether the proposed optional protocol should explicitly guarantee at least one year of free public pre-primary education and free public secondary education, closing the gap left by current treaty language that clearly mandates free primary education 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Professor Todd, Ms. Riso, and Ms. Richler, for your very, very much insightful presentations this 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panelist is Miss Catherine Cowell.","start":7113.01,"end":7115.41,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Another","start":7113.01,"end":7113.41},{"text":"panelist","start":7113.41,"end":7114.05},{"text":"is","start":7114.05,"end":7114.21},{"text":"Miss","start":7114.21,"end":7114.45},{"text":"Catherine","start":7114.45,"end":7114.85},{"text":"Cowell.","start":7114.85,"end":7115.41}]},{"text":"Miss Catherine Cowell is vice president for the European region.","start":7115.57,"end":7119.65,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Miss","start":7115.57,"end":7115.81},{"text":"Catherine","start":7115.81,"end":7116.13},{"text":"Cowell","start":7116.13,"end":7116.69},{"text":"is","start":7116.69,"end":7116.93},{"text":"vice","start":7116.93,"end":7117.25},{"text":"president","start":7117.25,"end":7117.89},{"text":"for","start":7118.45,"end":7118.69},{"text":"the","start":7118.69,"end":7118.81},{"text":"European","start":7118.81,"end":7119.17},{"text":"region.","start":7119.17,"end":7119.65}]},{"text":"And Miss Claire Battich, world secretary, world organization for early childhood education, OMEP.","start":7120.69,"end":7130.41,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":7120.69,"end":7120.93},{"text":"Miss","start":7120.93,"end":7121.25},{"text":"Claire","start":7121.25,"end":7121.89},{"text":"Battich,","start":7122.45,"end":7123.01},{"text":"world","start":7125.01,"end":7125.49},{"text":"secretary,","start":7125.49,"end":7126.13},{"text":"world","start":7126.69,"end":7127.17},{"text":"organization","start":7127.17,"end":7127.81},{"text":"for","start":7127.81,"end":7127.97},{"text":"early","start":7127.97,"end":7128.21},{"text":"childhood","start":7128.21,"end":7128.61},{"text":"education,","start":7128.61,"end":7129.33},{"text":"OMEP.","start":7129.81,"end":7130.41}]},{"text":"Mr. Bohan, Chuck Kohn, Director of Division for Policies and Lifelong Learning Systems, UNESCO, and my esteemed Ms. Farida Shaheed, the Special Rapporteur on the Right to Education.","start":7132.53,"end":7148.49,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":7132.53,"end":7132.93},{"text":"Bohan,","start":7132.93,"end":7133.49},{"text":"Chuck","start":7134.57,"end":7134.85},{"text":"Kohn,","start":7134.85,"end":7135.21},{"text":"Director","start":7136.41,"end":7136.85},{"text":"of","start":7136.85,"end":7136.97},{"text":"Division","start":7136.97,"end":7137.45},{"text":"for","start":7137.45,"end":7137.61},{"text":"Policies","start":7137.61,"end":7138.21},{"text":"and","start":7138.21,"end":7138.33},{"text":"Lifelong","start":7138.33,"end":7138.73},{"text":"Learning","start":7138.73,"end":7139.01},{"text":"Systems,","start":7139.01,"end":7139.61},{"text":"UNESCO,","start":7139.61,"end":7140.17},{"text":"and","start":7141.53,"end":7142.09},{"text":"my","start":7142.41,"end":7142.57},{"text":"esteemed","start":7142.57,"end":7143.09},{"text":"Ms.","start":7143.09,"end":7143.37},{"text":"Farida","start":7143.45,"end":7143.93},{"text":"Shaheed,","start":7143.93,"end":7144.41},{"text":"the","start":7145.21,"end":7145.33},{"text":"Special","start":7145.33,"end":7145.77},{"text":"Rapporteur","start":7145.77,"end":7146.41},{"text":"on","start":7146.97,"end":7147.09},{"text":"the","start":7147.09,"end":7147.21},{"text":"Right","start":7147.21,"end":7147.73},{"text":"to","start":7147.73,"end":7147.85},{"text":"Education.","start":7147.85,"end":7148.49}]},{"text":"I would like to invite delegates and participants who have not already pre-registered for the list of speakers to register with the Secretariat in the 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for the list of speakers will close in 15 minutes.","start":7164.45,"end":7168.29,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Registration","start":7164.45,"end":7165.01},{"text":"for","start":7165.01,"end":7165.13},{"text":"the","start":7165.13,"end":7165.21},{"text":"list","start":7165.21,"end":7165.41},{"text":"of","start":7165.41,"end":7165.49},{"text":"speakers","start":7165.49,"end":7166.01},{"text":"will","start":7166.01,"end":7166.13},{"text":"close","start":7166.13,"end":7166.69},{"text":"in","start":7167.25,"end":7167.41},{"text":"15","start":7167.41,"end":7167.73},{"text":"minutes.","start":7167.73,"end":7168.29}]},{"text":"I ask that delegates limit their interventions to two minutes when the list of speakers is open.","start":7169.65,"end":7179.25,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":7169.65,"end":7169.81},{"text":"ask","start":7169.81,"end":7170.21},{"text":"that","start":7170.85,"end":7171.01},{"text":"delegates","start":7171.01,"end":7171.89},{"text":"limit","start":7172.61,"end":7173.09},{"text":"their","start":7173.73,"end":7173.89},{"text":"interventions","start":7173.89,"end":7174.69},{"text":"to","start":7174.69,"end":7174.85},{"text":"two","start":7174.85,"end":7175.09},{"text":"minutes","start":7175.09,"end":7175.65},{"text":"when","start":7176.73,"end":7177.17},{"text":"the","start":7177.25,"end":7177.33},{"text":"list","start":7177.33,"end":7177.61},{"text":"of","start":7177.61,"end":7177.69},{"text":"speakers","start":7177.69,"end":7178.37},{"text":"is","start":7178.61,"end":7178.85},{"text":"open.","start":7178.85,"end":7179.25}]},{"text":"With that, I will now hand over to our first panelist, the most beautiful Sanya and the most handsome Todd, to start the session.","start":7181.65,"end":7193.17,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"With","start":7181.65,"end":7181.89},{"text":"that,","start":7181.89,"end":7182.29},{"text":"I","start":7183.17,"end":7183.33},{"text":"will","start":7183.33,"end":7183.45},{"text":"now","start":7183.45,"end":7183.57},{"text":"hand","start":7183.57,"end":7183.81},{"text":"over","start":7183.81,"end":7184.29},{"text":"to","start":7184.37,"end":7184.61},{"text":"our","start":7184.61,"end":7184.69},{"text":"first","start":7184.69,"end":7185.09},{"text":"panelist,","start":7185.09,"end":7185.81},{"text":"the","start":7186.77,"end":7186.93},{"text":"most","start":7186.93,"end":7187.33},{"text":"beautiful","start":7187.49,"end":7188.21},{"text":"Sanya","start":7188.21,"end":7188.69},{"text":"and","start":7189.49,"end":7189.69},{"text":"the","start":7189.69,"end":7189.77},{"text":"most","start":7189.77,"end":7190.21},{"text":"handsome","start":7190.29,"end":7190.85},{"text":"Todd,","start":7190.85,"end":7191.25},{"text":"to","start":7191.25,"end":7191.37},{"text":"start","start":7192.13,"end":7192.53},{"text":"the","start":7192.53,"end":7192.65},{"text":"session.","start":7192.69,"end":7193.17}]},{"text":"Over to you, please.","start":7194.57,"end":7195.45,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Over","start":7194.57,"end":7194.81},{"text":"to","start":7194.81,"end":7194.89},{"text":"you,","start":7194.89,"end":7194.97},{"text":"please.","start":7194.97,"end":7195.45}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Safa","affiliation":"SLE","affiliation_full":"Sierra Leone","group":null,"function":"Chair-Rapporteur"}},{"statement_number":45,"start":7199.85,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k11/k11ash292p?t=7200","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Chair Reporter.","start":7199.85,"end":7201.21,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":7199.85,"end":7200.09},{"text":"you,","start":7200.09,"end":7200.25},{"text":"Chair","start":7200.33,"end":7200.61},{"text":"Reporter.","start":7200.61,"end":7201.21}]},{"text":"Good morning, everyone.","start":7201.69,"end":7202.73,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Good","start":7201.69,"end":7201.85},{"text":"morning,","start":7201.85,"end":7202.25},{"text":"everyone.","start":7202.25,"end":7202.73}]},{"text":"My name is Sanya and I'm from Indonesia.","start":7202.73,"end":7205.13,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"My","start":7202.73,"end":7202.89},{"text":"name","start":7202.89,"end":7203.13},{"text":"is","start":7203.13,"end":7203.29},{"text":"Sanya","start":7203.29,"end":7203.77},{"text":"and","start":7203.77,"end":7204.09},{"text":"I'm","start":7204.13,"end":7204.33},{"text":"from","start":7204.33,"end":7204.57},{"text":"Indonesia.","start":7204.57,"end":7205.13}]},{"text":"I'm a child delegate from Asia 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This included debate over whether the protocol should explicitly refer to public education, how to avoid overreliance on private providers, and how to preserve parental and community roles."}],"words":[{"text":"Money,","start":7415.21,"end":7415.77},{"text":"monitoring,","start":7416.33,"end":7417.05},{"text":"and","start":7417.61,"end":7417.81},{"text":"what","start":7417.81,"end":7418.01},{"text":"education","start":7418.01,"end":7418.81},{"text":"actually","start":7418.81,"end":7419.53},{"text":"looks","start":7419.53,"end":7419.89},{"text":"like","start":7419.89,"end":7420.17},{"text":"on","start":7420.17,"end":7420.33},{"text":"the","start":7420.33,"end":7420.41},{"text":"ground.","start":7420.41,"end":7420.89}]},{"text":"But they are connected, and I think that connection matters more than people realize.","start":7422.81,"end":7427.53,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"But","start":7422.81,"end":7423.01},{"text":"they","start":7423.01,"end":7423.13},{"text":"are","start":7423.13,"end":7423.21},{"text":"connected,","start":7423.21,"end":7423.85},{"text":"and","start":7424.57,"end":7424.73},{"text":"I","start":7424.73,"end":7424.81},{"text":"think","start":7424.81,"end":7425.05},{"text":"that","start":7425.05,"end":7425.29},{"text":"connection","start":7425.29,"end":7425.85},{"text":"matters","start":7425.85,"end":7426.25},{"text":"more","start":7426.25,"end":7426.61},{"text":"than","start":7426.61,"end":7426.73},{"text":"people","start":7426.73,"end":7427.05},{"text":"realize.","start":7427.05,"end":7427.53}]},{"text":"Start with resources.","start":7429.37,"end":7430.81,"topics":[{"key":"education-financing","label":"Education Financing and International Support","description":"A major theme was whether states are allocating maximum available resources to education and how financing gaps, debt burdens, aid cuts, and differing national capacities affect implementation. Many linked stronger legal standards to stronger budgeting, technical support, and international cooperation."}],"words":[{"text":"Start","start":7429.37,"end":7429.85},{"text":"with","start":7429.85,"end":7429.97},{"text":"resources.","start":7429.97,"end":7430.81}]},{"text":"Principle four talks about states using maximum available resources.","start":7431.85,"end":7435.77,"topics":[{"key":"education-financing","label":"Education Financing and International Support","description":"A major theme was whether states are allocating maximum available resources to education and how financing gaps, debt burdens, aid cuts, and differing national capacities affect implementation. Many linked stronger legal standards to stronger budgeting, technical support, and international cooperation."}],"words":[{"text":"Principle","start":7431.85,"end":7432.37},{"text":"four","start":7432.37,"end":7432.73},{"text":"talks","start":7432.73,"end":7432.97},{"text":"about","start":7432.97,"end":7433.29},{"text":"states","start":7433.29,"end":7433.77},{"text":"using","start":7433.77,"end":7434.09},{"text":"maximum","start":7434.09,"end":7434.57},{"text":"available","start":7434.57,"end":7435.01},{"text":"resources.","start":7435.01,"end":7435.77}]},{"text":"And there was strong support for that principle in our consultations we organized with other children to discuss the key principles.","start":7436.33,"end":7443.29,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":7436.33,"end":7436.49},{"text":"there","start":7436.49,"end":7436.61},{"text":"was","start":7436.61,"end":7436.73},{"text":"strong","start":7436.73,"end":7437.21},{"text":"support","start":7437.21,"end":7437.69},{"text":"for","start":7437.69,"end":7437.85},{"text":"that","start":7437.85,"end":7438.01},{"text":"principle","start":7438.01,"end":7438.57},{"text":"in","start":7438.57,"end":7438.73},{"text":"our","start":7438.73,"end":7438.97},{"text":"consultations","start":7438.97,"end":7439.85},{"text":"we","start":7439.85,"end":7440.01},{"text":"organized","start":7440.01,"end":7440.61},{"text":"with","start":7440.61,"end":7440.73},{"text":"other","start":7440.73,"end":7440.97},{"text":"children","start":7440.97,"end":7441.53},{"text":"to","start":7441.85,"end":7441.97},{"text":"discuss","start":7441.97,"end":7442.33},{"text":"the","start":7442.33,"end":7442.41},{"text":"key","start":7442.41,"end":7442.57},{"text":"principles.","start":7442.57,"end":7443.29}]},{"text":"But children were also honest about the catch.","start":7444.25,"end":7446.81,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"But","start":7444.25,"end":7444.45},{"text":"children","start":7444.45,"end":7444.97},{"text":"were","start":7444.97,"end":7445.13},{"text":"also","start":7445.13,"end":7445.57},{"text":"honest","start":7445.57,"end":7445.93},{"text":"about","start":7445.93,"end":7446.13},{"text":"the","start":7446.13,"end":7446.21},{"text":"catch.","start":7446.21,"end":7446.81}]},{"text":"Maximum available resources is still, in the end, a political decision.","start":7447.61,"end":7453.93,"topics":[{"key":"education-financing","label":"Education Financing and International Support","description":"A major theme was whether states are allocating maximum available resources to education and how financing gaps, debt burdens, aid cuts, and differing national capacities affect implementation. 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Chair.","start":7697.09,"end":7698.01,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":7697.09,"end":7697.41},{"text":"you,","start":7697.41,"end":7697.49},{"text":"Mr.","start":7697.49,"end":7697.73},{"text":"Chair.","start":7697.73,"end":7698.01}]},{"text":"Excellencies, distinguished delegates, and dear children, my name is Clara Batic, and I am a preschool teacher working in a state kindergarten for the last eight years in Croatia's capital.","start":7699.97,"end":7713.09,"topics":[{"key":"public-education-systems","label":"Public Education and State Responsibility","description":"Several statements focused on the role of the state in guaranteeing free education through strong public systems. 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Batic","affiliation":"OMEP","affiliation_full":"OMEP","group":null,"function":"World Secretary"}},{"statement_number":49,"start":8142.57,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k11/k11ash292p?t=8143","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Chair, rapporteur, excellencies, distinguished delegates and our child representatives.","start":8142.57,"end":8148.73,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Chair,","start":8142.57,"end":8142.85},{"text":"rapporteur,","start":8142.85,"end":8143.53},{"text":"excellencies,","start":8143.93,"end":8144.97},{"text":"distinguished","start":8145.37,"end":8146.05},{"text":"delegates","start":8146.05,"end":8146.73},{"text":"and","start":8146.81,"end":8147.13},{"text":"our","start":8147.13,"end":8147.29},{"text":"child","start":8147.29,"end":8147.61},{"text":"representatives.","start":8147.61,"end":8148.73}]},{"text":"Thank you, Clara.","start":8149.13,"end":8150.09,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":8149.13,"end":8149.41},{"text":"you,","start":8149.41,"end":8149.53},{"text":"Clara.","start":8149.53,"end":8150.09}]},{"text":"I am the OMEP Vice President for the European region and I work in a university in the 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educator.","start":8165.81,"end":8174.13,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Today,","start":8165.81,"end":8166.37},{"text":"I","start":8166.77,"end":8166.93},{"text":"speak","start":8166.93,"end":8167.25},{"text":"from","start":8167.25,"end":8167.45},{"text":"the","start":8167.45,"end":8167.53},{"text":"experience","start":8167.53,"end":8168.13},{"text":"of","start":8168.13,"end":8168.29},{"text":"being","start":8168.29,"end":8168.53},{"text":"a","start":8168.53,"end":8168.57},{"text":"parent,","start":8168.57,"end":8169.17},{"text":"a","start":8169.49,"end":8169.57},{"text":"practitioner,","start":8169.57,"end":8170.41},{"text":"a","start":8170.41,"end":8170.45},{"text":"teacher,","start":8170.93,"end":8171.53},{"text":"a","start":8171.53,"end":8171.57},{"text":"researcher,","start":8171.81,"end":8172.69},{"text":"and","start":8172.69,"end":8172.89},{"text":"a","start":8172.89,"end":8172.93},{"text":"teacher","start":8172.93,"end":8173.41},{"text":"educator.","start":8173.41,"end":8174.13}]},{"text":"And it is my privilege to stand for OMEP and elucidate the key definitions before this working group.","start":8174.85,"end":8181.33,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":8174.85,"end":8174.97},{"text":"it","start":8174.97,"end":8175.05},{"text":"is","start":8175.05,"end":8175.13},{"text":"my","start":8175.13,"end":8175.33},{"text":"privilege","start":8175.33,"end":8176.05},{"text":"to","start":8176.05,"end":8176.25},{"text":"stand","start":8176.25,"end":8176.61},{"text":"for","start":8176.61,"end":8176.73},{"text":"OMEP","start":8176.73,"end":8177.33},{"text":"and","start":8177.57,"end":8177.77},{"text":"elucidate","start":8177.77,"end":8178.45},{"text":"the","start":8178.45,"end":8178.57},{"text":"key","start":8178.57,"end":8178.85},{"text":"definitions","start":8178.85,"end":8179.73},{"text":"before","start":8179.97,"end":8180.33},{"text":"this","start":8180.33,"end":8180.53},{"text":"working","start":8180.53,"end":8180.97},{"text":"group.","start":8180.97,"end":8181.33}]},{"text":"I'd also like to thank Sanya and Trond, our child panelists, who really prepared the way for my contribution today.","start":8182.21,"end":8190.05,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I'd","start":8182.21,"end":8182.45},{"text":"also","start":8182.45,"end":8182.69},{"text":"like","start":8182.69,"end":8183.01},{"text":"to","start":8183.01,"end":8183.17},{"text":"thank","start":8183.17,"end":8183.65},{"text":"Sanya","start":8183.81,"end":8184.33},{"text":"and","start":8184.33,"end":8184.49},{"text":"Trond,","start":8184.49,"end":8185.01},{"text":"our","start":8185.65,"end":8185.81},{"text":"child","start":8185.81,"end":8186.13},{"text":"panelists,","start":8186.13,"end":8186.93},{"text":"who","start":8186.93,"end":8187.17},{"text":"really","start":8187.17,"end":8187.57},{"text":"prepared","start":8187.57,"end":8188.05},{"text":"the","start":8188.05,"end":8188.17},{"text":"way","start":8188.17,"end":8188.53},{"text":"for","start":8188.53,"end":8188.77},{"text":"my","start":8188.77,"end":8188.93},{"text":"contribution","start":8188.93,"end":8189.65},{"text":"today.","start":8189.65,"end":8190.05}]},{"text":"So thank you very much.","start":8190.05,"end":8191.25,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":8190.05,"end":8190.21},{"text":"thank","start":8190.21,"end":8190.53},{"text":"you","start":8190.53,"end":8190.61},{"text":"very","start":8190.61,"end":8190.85},{"text":"much.","start":8190.85,"end":8191.25}]},{"text":"Today, this chamber is working through cluster two of the draft key principles four through to eight.","start":8192.33,"end":8198.25,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Today,","start":8192.33,"end":8192.73},{"text":"this","start":8192.73,"end":8192.97},{"text":"chamber","start":8192.97,"end":8193.37},{"text":"is","start":8193.37,"end":8193.53},{"text":"working","start":8193.53,"end":8193.93},{"text":"through","start":8193.93,"end":8194.09},{"text":"cluster","start":8194.09,"end":8194.57},{"text":"two","start":8194.57,"end":8195.05},{"text":"of","start":8195.21,"end":8195.37},{"text":"the","start":8195.37,"end":8195.49},{"text":"draft","start":8195.49,"end":8195.93},{"text":"key","start":8195.93,"end":8196.17},{"text":"principles","start":8196.17,"end":8197.13},{"text":"four","start":8197.13,"end":8197.37},{"text":"through","start":8197.37,"end":8197.69},{"text":"to","start":8197.69,"end":8197.85},{"text":"eight.","start":8197.85,"end":8198.25}]},{"text":"And I want to show you why the distinction that Clara has just described is not a detour from that work.","start":8198.73,"end":8205.93,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":8198.73,"end":8198.89},{"text":"I","start":8198.89,"end":8199.05},{"text":"want","start":8199.05,"end":8199.25},{"text":"to","start":8199.25,"end":8199.33},{"text":"show","start":8199.37,"end":8199.69},{"text":"you","start":8199.69,"end":8199.93},{"text":"why","start":8199.93,"end":8200.41},{"text":"the","start":8200.41,"end":8200.61},{"text":"distinction","start":8200.61,"end":8201.33},{"text":"that","start":8201.33,"end":8201.45},{"text":"Clara","start":8201.45,"end":8201.97},{"text":"has","start":8201.97,"end":8202.21},{"text":"just","start":8202.21,"end":8202.53},{"text":"described","start":8202.53,"end":8203.29},{"text":"is","start":8203.69,"end":8203.85},{"text":"not","start":8203.85,"end":8204.05},{"text":"a","start":8204.05,"end":8204.09},{"text":"detour","start":8204.09,"end":8204.89},{"text":"from","start":8204.97,"end":8205.29},{"text":"that","start":8205.29,"end":8205.53},{"text":"work.","start":8205.53,"end":8205.93}]},{"text":"It is the hinge upon which it turns.","start":8206.41,"end":8209.53,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"It","start":8206.41,"end":8206.65},{"text":"is","start":8206.65,"end":8206.81},{"text":"the","start":8206.81,"end":8206.93},{"text":"hinge","start":8206.93,"end":8207.53},{"text":"upon","start":8207.53,"end":8208.25},{"text":"which","start":8208.25,"end":8208.65},{"text":"it","start":8208.65,"end":8208.85},{"text":"turns.","start":8208.85,"end":8209.53}]},{"text":"Let me be precise about what is and is not, and let's settle it here.","start":8210.65,"end":8217.13,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Let","start":8210.65,"end":8210.85},{"text":"me","start":8210.85,"end":8211.05},{"text":"be","start":8211.05,"end":8211.37},{"text":"precise","start":8211.61,"end":8212.57},{"text":"about","start":8212.97,"end":8213.29},{"text":"what","start":8213.29,"end":8213.61},{"text":"is","start":8213.61,"end":8214.17},{"text":"and","start":8214.81,"end":8215.05},{"text":"is","start":8215.05,"end":8215.21},{"text":"not,","start":8215.21,"end":8215.69},{"text":"and","start":8215.85,"end":8216.09},{"text":"let's","start":8216.09,"end":8216.37},{"text":"settle","start":8216.37,"end":8216.65},{"text":"it","start":8216.65,"end":8216.81},{"text":"here.","start":8216.81,"end":8217.13}]},{"text":"There is no internationally accepted definition of early childhood care and education yet, and it doesn't exist anywhere in international law.","start":8218.41,"end":8228.13,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"There","start":8218.41,"end":8218.57},{"text":"is","start":8218.57,"end":8218.73},{"text":"no","start":8218.73,"end":8219.29},{"text":"internationally","start":8219.45,"end":8220.57},{"text":"accepted","start":8220.57,"end":8221.33},{"text":"definition","start":8221.33,"end":8222.17},{"text":"of","start":8222.17,"end":8222.41},{"text":"early","start":8222.41,"end":8222.81},{"text":"childhood","start":8222.81,"end":8223.37},{"text":"care","start":8223.37,"end":8223.65},{"text":"and","start":8223.65,"end":8223.81},{"text":"education","start":8223.81,"end":8224.57},{"text":"yet,","start":8224.61,"end":8224.97},{"text":"and","start":8225.37,"end":8225.53},{"text":"it","start":8225.53,"end":8225.73},{"text":"doesn't","start":8225.73,"end":8226.05},{"text":"exist","start":8226.05,"end":8226.49},{"text":"anywhere","start":8226.49,"end":8226.97},{"text":"in","start":8226.97,"end":8227.05},{"text":"international","start":8227.05,"end":8228.05},{"text":"law.","start":8228.05,"end":8228.13}]},{"text":"That absence is not a reason for this working group to leave the question for another day.","start":8228.97,"end":8235.13,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"That","start":8228.97,"end":8229.21},{"text":"absence","start":8229.21,"end":8230.17},{"text":"is","start":8230.65,"end":8230.89},{"text":"not","start":8230.89,"end":8231.13},{"text":"a","start":8231.13,"end":8231.17},{"text":"reason","start":8231.17,"end":8231.77},{"text":"for","start":8231.85,"end":8232.01},{"text":"this","start":8232.01,"end":8232.17},{"text":"working","start":8232.17,"end":8232.61},{"text":"group","start":8232.61,"end":8232.89},{"text":"to","start":8232.89,"end":8233.17},{"text":"leave","start":8233.17,"end":8233.45},{"text":"the","start":8233.45,"end":8233.57},{"text":"question","start":8233.57,"end":8234.25},{"text":"for","start":8234.25,"end":8234.41},{"text":"another","start":8234.41,"end":8234.73},{"text":"day.","start":8234.73,"end":8235.13}]},{"text":"It is the reason this working group is the right body at the right moment to resolve it.","start":8237.21,"end":8242.81,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"It","start":8237.21,"end":8237.37},{"text":"is","start":8237.37,"end":8237.53},{"text":"the","start":8237.53,"end":8237.61},{"text":"reason","start":8237.61,"end":8238.09},{"text":"this","start":8238.09,"end":8238.33},{"text":"working","start":8238.33,"end":8238.81},{"text":"group","start":8238.81,"end":8239.13},{"text":"is","start":8239.13,"end":8239.29},{"text":"the","start":8239.29,"end":8239.45},{"text":"right","start":8239.45,"end":8239.85},{"text":"body","start":8239.85,"end":8240.33},{"text":"at","start":8240.57,"end":8240.73},{"text":"the","start":8240.73,"end":8240.85},{"text":"right","start":8240.85,"end":8241.21},{"text":"moment","start":8241.21,"end":8241.85},{"text":"to","start":8241.93,"end":8242.09},{"text":"resolve","start":8242.09,"end":8242.65},{"text":"it.","start":8242.65,"end":8242.81}]},{"text":"We understand that this is not a settled question.","start":8243.61,"end":8246.41,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":8243.61,"end":8243.81},{"text":"understand","start":8243.81,"end":8244.45},{"text":"that","start":8244.45,"end":8244.57},{"text":"this","start":8244.57,"end":8244.73},{"text":"is","start":8244.73,"end":8244.89},{"text":"not","start":8244.89,"end":8245.21},{"text":"a","start":8245.29,"end":8245.33},{"text":"settled","start":8245.33,"end":8245.77},{"text":"question.","start":8245.77,"end":8246.41}]},{"text":"Among the submissions this working group has received, there are diverging views on whether care belongs within the protocol scope at 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we have heard such questions and comments from states this morning, and I hope that I'll be able to make some clarification on that matter for 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has just provided examples as why it cannot be separated out.","start":8265.65,"end":8270.69,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Clara","start":8265.65,"end":8266.05},{"text":"has","start":8266.05,"end":8266.29},{"text":"just","start":8266.29,"end":8266.49},{"text":"provided","start":8266.49,"end":8266.93},{"text":"examples","start":8266.93,"end":8267.89},{"text":"as","start":8268.05,"end":8268.29},{"text":"why","start":8268.29,"end":8268.77},{"text":"it","start":8268.77,"end":8268.85},{"text":"cannot","start":8269.01,"end":8269.49},{"text":"be","start":8269.49,"end":8269.65},{"text":"separated","start":8269.65,"end":8270.29},{"text":"out.","start":8270.29,"end":8270.69}]},{"text":"In a child's earliest years, Care and education are not two adjacent services sitting side by side.","start":8271.41,"end":8279.17,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":8271.41,"end":8271.57},{"text":"a","start":8271.65,"end":8271.69},{"text":"child's","start":8271.69,"end":8272.25},{"text":"earliest","start":8272.25,"end":8272.69},{"text":"years,","start":8272.69,"end":8273.17},{"text":"Care","start":8273.65,"end":8273.81},{"text":"and","start":8273.81,"end":8274.29},{"text":"education","start":8274.29,"end":8275.17},{"text":"are","start":8275.65,"end":8275.73},{"text":"not","start":8275.73,"end":8276.17},{"text":"two","start":8276.17,"end":8276.53},{"text":"adjacent","start":8276.53,"end":8277.05},{"text":"services","start":8277.05,"end":8277.65},{"text":"sitting","start":8277.65,"end":8278.05},{"text":"side","start":8278.05,"end":8278.41},{"text":"by","start":8278.41,"end":8278.61},{"text":"side.","start":8278.61,"end":8279.17}]},{"text":"They are the same reality described from two perspectives.","start":8279.73,"end":8284.37,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"They","start":8279.73,"end":8279.89},{"text":"are","start":8279.89,"end":8279.97},{"text":"the","start":8279.97,"end":8280.09},{"text":"same","start":8280.09,"end":8280.45},{"text":"reality","start":8280.45,"end":8281.17},{"text":"described","start":8281.53,"end":8282.37},{"text":"from","start":8282.53,"end":8282.85},{"text":"two","start":8282.85,"end":8283.33},{"text":"perspectives.","start":8283.33,"end":8284.37}]},{"text":"This is not merely a question confined to education either.","start":8285.17,"end":8288.93,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":8285.17,"end":8285.41},{"text":"is","start":8285.41,"end":8285.57},{"text":"not","start":8285.57,"end":8285.81},{"text":"merely","start":8285.81,"end":8286.29},{"text":"a","start":8286.29,"end":8286.33},{"text":"question","start":8286.33,"end":8286.93},{"text":"confined","start":8286.93,"end":8287.49},{"text":"to","start":8287.49,"end":8287.65},{"text":"education","start":8287.65,"end":8288.37},{"text":"either.","start":8288.45,"end":8288.93}]},{"text":"In those years, learning cannot be separated from whether a child is fed, housed safely or free from 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child's right to learn, they are its preconditions.","start":8300.53,"end":8306.05,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"These","start":8300.53,"end":8300.77},{"text":"are","start":8300.77,"end":8300.85},{"text":"not","start":8300.85,"end":8301.05},{"text":"concerns","start":8301.05,"end":8301.65},{"text":"adjacent","start":8301.65,"end":8302.41},{"text":"to","start":8302.41,"end":8302.49},{"text":"a","start":8302.49,"end":8302.53},{"text":"child's","start":8302.53,"end":8303.01},{"text":"right","start":8303.01,"end":8303.37},{"text":"to","start":8303.37,"end":8303.45},{"text":"learn,","start":8303.45,"end":8303.97},{"text":"they","start":8304.13,"end":8304.45},{"text":"are","start":8304.45,"end":8304.69},{"text":"its","start":8304.69,"end":8304.93},{"text":"preconditions.","start":8304.93,"end":8306.05}]},{"text":"Treating early learning as a matter apart from health, nutrition and shelter does not reflect an actual child's 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doing so, it ensures that financing follows rights rather than rights being limited by what happens to be 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understand why, and this working group's mandate under principle two is necessarily narrow and a freestanding obligation on lifelong learning may sit outside 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this is exactly why the definition of early childhood care and education matters more, not less.","start":8500.33,"end":8506.57,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"But","start":8500.33,"end":8500.45},{"text":"this","start":8500.45,"end":8500.65},{"text":"is","start":8500.65,"end":8500.81},{"text":"exactly","start":8500.81,"end":8501.53},{"text":"why","start":8501.69,"end":8502.01},{"text":"the","start":8502.01,"end":8502.09},{"text":"definition","start":8502.09,"end":8502.69},{"text":"of","start":8502.69,"end":8502.81},{"text":"early","start":8502.81,"end":8503.13},{"text":"childhood","start":8503.13,"end":8503.77},{"text":"care","start":8503.77,"end":8503.97},{"text":"and","start":8503.97,"end":8504.13},{"text":"education","start":8504.13,"end":8504.73},{"text":"matters","start":8504.73,"end":8505.09},{"text":"more,","start":8505.09,"end":8505.45},{"text":"not","start":8505.77,"end":8506.01},{"text":"less.","start":8506.01,"end":8506.57}]},{"text":"If lifelong learning will exist only as a preamble sentence, then the only place in this entire instrument where learning begins at birth can become a binding and operative idea is within the definition of early childhood care and education itself in principle 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asked this working group not to let principles one and seven to quietly cancel each other out.","start":8524.97,"end":8531.85,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"OMEP","start":8524.97,"end":8525.65},{"text":"asked","start":8525.65,"end":8525.93},{"text":"this","start":8525.93,"end":8526.09},{"text":"working","start":8526.09,"end":8526.53},{"text":"group","start":8526.53,"end":8526.89},{"text":"not","start":8527.13,"end":8527.49},{"text":"to","start":8527.49,"end":8527.57},{"text":"let","start":8527.57,"end":8527.77},{"text":"principles","start":8527.77,"end":8528.33},{"text":"one","start":8528.33,"end":8528.65},{"text":"and","start":8528.65,"end":8528.81},{"text":"seven","start":8528.81,"end":8529.37},{"text":"to","start":8529.69,"end":8529.85},{"text":"quietly","start":8529.85,"end":8530.41},{"text":"cancel","start":8530.41,"end":8530.97},{"text":"each","start":8530.97,"end":8531.21},{"text":"other","start":8531.21,"end":8531.45},{"text":"out.","start":8531.45,"end":8531.85}]},{"text":"one gesturing towards lifelong learning without substance and the other capable of carrying that substance, if only it is defined broadly enough to reach back to 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six rightly recognises the historic role of children's consultations in shaping this protocol and OMEP asks only that this same principle is carried forward into the 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must be understood to include children who are too young to sit in a consultation room, expressed through play, reactions and responses, and through the relationships that this treaty must 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eight will include a communications procedure allowing individuals and groups to bring complaints of alleged violations directly to the Committee on the Rights of the 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this working group leaves that question undefined now, it will be leaving the committee to decide later, case by case, without the benefit of collective expertise gathered in this room this 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certainty, consistency, and predictability, the very language underpinning principle eight, depend on us resolving this now, not deferring it to future 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are aware that the working group has heard harder questions, Does this protocol duplicate law that already 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standards already achieved?","start":8635.61,"end":8638.41,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Does","start":8635.61,"end":8635.85},{"text":"it","start":8635.85,"end":8635.93},{"text":"risk","start":8635.93,"end":8636.25},{"text":"regression","start":8636.25,"end":8636.81},{"text":"from","start":8636.81,"end":8636.97},{"text":"standards","start":8636.97,"end":8637.53},{"text":"already","start":8637.53,"end":8637.85},{"text":"achieved?","start":8637.85,"end":8638.41}]},{"text":"And we take both of these concerns very 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is exactly why OMEP joins those calling for an explicit non-regression clause so that the protocol becomes a floor for every state and a ceiling for 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anticipate the concerns that this will raise and some of you in the room may ask whether naming such a broad scope risks diluting its focus or will it discourage ratification by the states when even the narrower goal of one year of free pre-primary education remains only partially 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answer is not to expand what is immediately enforceable or obligatory.","start":8734.77,"end":8739.85,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"OMEP's","start":8734.77,"end":8735.61},{"text":"answer","start":8735.61,"end":8735.81},{"text":"is","start":8735.85,"end":8736.09},{"text":"not","start":8736.09,"end":8736.37},{"text":"to","start":8736.37,"end":8736.45},{"text":"expand","start":8736.45,"end":8737.17},{"text":"what","start":8737.17,"end":8737.37},{"text":"is","start":8737.37,"end":8737.45},{"text":"immediately","start":8737.45,"end":8738.13},{"text":"enforceable","start":8738.13,"end":8738.97},{"text":"or","start":8738.97,"end":8739.09},{"text":"obligatory.","start":8739.09,"end":8739.85}]},{"text":"It is simply to ensure that what is named in this protocol's definitions and cooperation provisions is not narrower than the right 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Chakoune, you have the floor, please.","start":8922.93,"end":8925.09,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":8922.93,"end":8923.29},{"text":"Chakoune,","start":8923.29,"end":8923.73},{"text":"you","start":8924.13,"end":8924.25},{"text":"have","start":8924.25,"end":8924.37},{"text":"the","start":8924.37,"end":8924.49},{"text":"floor,","start":8924.49,"end":8924.65},{"text":"please.","start":8924.65,"end":8925.09}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Safa","affiliation":"SLE","affiliation_full":"Sierra Leone","group":null,"function":"Chair-Rapporteur"}},{"statement_number":51,"start":8927.85,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k11/k11ash292p?t=8928","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Chair, distinguished Chair, rapporteur, excellencies, delegates and colleagues.","start":8927.85,"end":8933.01,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":8927.85,"end":8928.05},{"text":"you,","start":8928.05,"end":8928.13},{"text":"Chair,","start":8928.13,"end":8928.37},{"text":"distinguished","start":8928.37,"end":8929.01},{"text":"Chair,","start":8929.01,"end":8929.49},{"text":"rapporteur,","start":8929.89,"end":8930.65},{"text":"excellencies,","start":8930.65,"end":8931.57},{"text":"delegates","start":8931.57,"end":8932.17},{"text":"and","start":8932.17,"end":8932.37},{"text":"colleagues.","start":8932.37,"end":8933.01}]},{"text":"Thank you for the invitation to reflect on how the right to education from the earliest years can be understood through the lens of lifelong learning.","start":8933.53,"end":8941.53,"topics":[{"key":"education-continuum","label":"Education as a Continuum from Early Childhood Through Life","description":"Some interventions argued that the right to education should be understood as a continuous pathway beginning in early childhood and extending through secondary education and lifelong learning. This perspective connected early care, later school success, multiple learning pathways, and broader human development."}],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":8933.53,"end":8933.73},{"text":"you","start":8933.73,"end":8933.85},{"text":"for","start":8933.85,"end":8934.01},{"text":"the","start":8934.01,"end":8934.09},{"text":"invitation","start":8934.09,"end":8934.73},{"text":"to","start":8934.73,"end":8934.89},{"text":"reflect","start":8934.89,"end":8935.45},{"text":"on","start":8935.45,"end":8935.77},{"text":"how","start":8935.85,"end":8936.25},{"text":"the","start":8936.25,"end":8936.37},{"text":"right","start":8936.37,"end":8936.69},{"text":"to","start":8936.69,"end":8936.77},{"text":"education","start":8936.77,"end":8937.29},{"text":"from","start":8937.29,"end":8937.61},{"text":"the","start":8937.61,"end":8937.81},{"text":"earliest","start":8937.81,"end":8938.17},{"text":"years","start":8938.17,"end":8938.65},{"text":"can","start":8939.05,"end":8939.21},{"text":"be","start":8939.21,"end":8939.33},{"text":"understood","start":8939.33,"end":8939.89},{"text":"through","start":8939.89,"end":8940.09},{"text":"the","start":8940.09,"end":8940.21},{"text":"lens","start":8940.21,"end":8940.57},{"text":"of","start":8940.57,"end":8940.73},{"text":"lifelong","start":8940.73,"end":8941.13},{"text":"learning.","start":8941.13,"end":8941.53}]},{"text":"Let me make four points today.","start":8942.29,"end":8943.77,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Let","start":8942.29,"end":8942.45},{"text":"me","start":8942.45,"end":8942.57},{"text":"make","start":8942.57,"end":8942.81},{"text":"four","start":8942.81,"end":8943.05},{"text":"points","start":8943.05,"end":8943.37},{"text":"today.","start":8943.37,"end":8943.77}]},{"text":"First, the right to education is a right throughout life, not a right confined to childhood or to primary education.","start":8944.49,"end":8951.29,"topics":[{"key":"education-continuum","label":"Education as a Continuum from Early Childhood Through Life","description":"Some interventions argued that the right to education should be understood as a continuous pathway beginning in early childhood and extending through secondary education and lifelong learning. 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This perspective connected early care, later school success, multiple learning pathways, and broader human development."}],"words":[{"text":"So","start":9038.45,"end":9038.61},{"text":"lifelong","start":9038.61,"end":9039.01},{"text":"learning","start":9039.05,"end":9039.33},{"text":"is","start":9039.41,"end":9039.57},{"text":"not","start":9039.57,"end":9039.77},{"text":"simply","start":9039.77,"end":9040.45},{"text":"an","start":9040.69,"end":9040.85},{"text":"education","start":9040.85,"end":9041.57},{"text":"policy","start":9041.57,"end":9041.97},{"text":"concept.","start":9041.97,"end":9042.53}]},{"text":"It gives concrete expression to the continuity of the right to education.","start":9042.53,"end":9046.45,"topics":[{"key":"education-continuum","label":"Education as a Continuum from Early Childhood Through Life","description":"Some interventions argued that the right to education should be understood as a continuous pathway beginning in early childhood and extending through secondary education and lifelong learning. 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globally.","start":9179.61,"end":9186.17,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"There","start":9179.61,"end":9179.85},{"text":"are","start":9179.93,"end":9180.25},{"text":"now","start":9180.81,"end":9181.01},{"text":"around","start":9181.01,"end":9181.33},{"text":"1.4","start":9181.61,"end":9182.33},{"text":"billion","start":9182.33,"end":9182.65},{"text":"students","start":9182.65,"end":9183.17},{"text":"enrolled","start":9183.17,"end":9183.57},{"text":"in","start":9183.57,"end":9183.77},{"text":"primary","start":9183.77,"end":9184.41},{"text":"and","start":9184.57,"end":9184.73},{"text":"secondary","start":9184.73,"end":9185.17},{"text":"education","start":9185.17,"end":9185.65},{"text":"globally.","start":9185.65,"end":9186.17}]},{"text":"Since 2000, enrollment in primary and secondary education has increased by 327 million, around 3% increase.","start":9186.89,"end":9195.05,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Since","start":9186.89,"end":9187.17},{"text":"2000,","start":9187.17,"end":9187.85},{"text":"enrollment","start":9187.85,"end":9188.41},{"text":"in","start":9188.41,"end":9188.49},{"text":"primary","start":9188.49,"end":9189.13},{"text":"and","start":9189.29,"end":9189.49},{"text":"secondary","start":9189.49,"end":9189.93},{"text":"education","start":9189.93,"end":9190.41},{"text":"has","start":9190.57,"end":9190.73},{"text":"increased","start":9190.73,"end":9191.29},{"text":"by","start":9191.29,"end":9191.45},{"text":"327","start":9191.45,"end":9192.65},{"text":"million,","start":9192.65,"end":9193.13},{"text":"around","start":9193.61,"end":9193.97},{"text":"3%","start":9193.97,"end":9194.01},{"text":"increase.","start":9194.01,"end":9195.05}]},{"text":"Completion rates have also improved substantially from 77 to 80% in primary education, from 60 to 78 percent in lower secondary, and from 37 to 61 percent in upper 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education.","start":9195.61,"end":9211.61,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Completion","start":9195.61,"end":9196.17},{"text":"rates","start":9196.17,"end":9196.57},{"text":"have","start":9197.21,"end":9197.45},{"text":"also","start":9197.61,"end":9197.97},{"text":"improved","start":9197.97,"end":9198.37},{"text":"substantially","start":9198.37,"end":9199.13},{"text":"from","start":9199.13,"end":9199.37},{"text":"77","start":9200.33,"end":9201.05},{"text":"to","start":9201.05,"end":9201.17},{"text":"80%","start":9201.17,"end":9201.21},{"text":"in","start":9201.21,"end":9202.17},{"text":"primary","start":9202.17,"end":9202.53},{"text":"education,","start":9202.53,"end":9203.13},{"text":"from","start":9203.53,"end":9203.77},{"text":"60","start":9203.77,"end":9204.49},{"text":"to","start":9204.81,"end":9204.93},{"text":"78","start":9204.93,"end":9205.53},{"text":"percent","start":9205.53,"end":9205.97},{"text":"in","start":9205.97,"end":9206.09},{"text":"lower","start":9206.09,"end":9206.41},{"text":"secondary,","start":9206.41,"end":9207.05},{"text":"and","start":9207.21,"end":9207.37},{"text":"from","start":9207.37,"end":9207.61},{"text":"37","start":9207.61,"end":9208.41},{"text":"to","start":9208.57,"end":9208.89},{"text":"61","start":9208.97,"end":9209.85},{"text":"percent","start":9209.85,"end":9210.29},{"text":"in","start":9210.29,"end":9210.41},{"text":"upper","start":9210.41,"end":9210.65},{"text":"secondary","start":9210.65,"end":9211.09},{"text":"education.","start":9211.09,"end":9211.61}]},{"text":"These achievement matters, and we need to highlight them.","start":9212.25,"end":9214.73,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"These","start":9212.25,"end":9212.49},{"text":"achievement","start":9212.49,"end":9212.97},{"text":"matters,","start":9212.97,"end":9213.53},{"text":"and","start":9213.53,"end":9213.73},{"text":"we","start":9213.73,"end":9213.85},{"text":"need","start":9213.85,"end":9214.01},{"text":"to","start":9214.01,"end":9214.09},{"text":"highlight","start":9214.09,"end":9214.45},{"text":"them.","start":9214.45,"end":9214.73}]},{"text":"They also remind us that expanding system is not the same as completing the journey.","start":9215.13,"end":9220.65,"topics":[{"key":"education-continuum","label":"Education as a Continuum from Early Childhood Through Life","description":"Some interventions argued that the right to education should be understood as a continuous pathway beginning in early childhood and extending through secondary education and lifelong learning. This perspective connected early care, later school success, multiple learning pathways, and broader human development."}],"words":[{"text":"They","start":9215.13,"end":9215.37},{"text":"also","start":9215.37,"end":9215.93},{"text":"remind","start":9216.25,"end":9216.65},{"text":"us","start":9216.65,"end":9216.77},{"text":"that","start":9216.77,"end":9217.05},{"text":"expanding","start":9217.05,"end":9217.61},{"text":"system","start":9217.61,"end":9218.05},{"text":"is","start":9218.05,"end":9218.17},{"text":"not","start":9218.17,"end":9218.33},{"text":"the","start":9218.33,"end":9218.49},{"text":"same","start":9218.49,"end":9218.97},{"text":"as","start":9219.21,"end":9219.37},{"text":"completing","start":9219.37,"end":9220.01},{"text":"the","start":9220.01,"end":9220.09},{"text":"journey.","start":9220.09,"end":9220.65}]},{"text":"After declining substantially between 2000 and 2015, the global out-of-school population has increased for seven consecutive years.","start":9221.37,"end":9229.93,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"After","start":9221.37,"end":9221.69},{"text":"declining","start":9221.69,"end":9222.17},{"text":"substantially","start":9222.17,"end":9222.81},{"text":"between","start":9222.81,"end":9223.13},{"text":"2000","start":9223.13,"end":9223.57},{"text":"and","start":9223.57,"end":9223.69},{"text":"2015,","start":9223.69,"end":9224.65},{"text":"the","start":9225.05,"end":9225.21},{"text":"global","start":9225.21,"end":9225.61},{"text":"out-of-school","start":9225.61,"end":9226.25},{"text":"population","start":9226.25,"end":9226.81},{"text":"has","start":9226.81,"end":9226.97},{"text":"increased","start":9226.97,"end":9227.69},{"text":"for","start":9227.93,"end":9228.17},{"text":"seven","start":9228.17,"end":9228.65},{"text":"consecutive","start":9228.73,"end":9229.45},{"text":"years.","start":9229.45,"end":9229.93}]},{"text":"reaching 273 million in 2024.","start":9230.37,"end":9233.41,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"reaching","start":9230.37,"end":9230.93},{"text":"273","start":9230.93,"end":9232.01},{"text":"million","start":9232.01,"end":9232.45},{"text":"in","start":9232.45,"end":9232.61},{"text":"2024.","start":9232.61,"end":9233.41}]},{"text":"And the current rate of progress, the world will not achieve 90% upper secondary completion until 2105 years.","start":9234.13,"end":9243.81,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":9234.13,"end":9234.33},{"text":"the","start":9234.33,"end":9234.41},{"text":"current","start":9234.41,"end":9234.93},{"text":"rate","start":9235.09,"end":9235.45},{"text":"of","start":9235.45,"end":9235.57},{"text":"progress,","start":9235.57,"end":9236.13},{"text":"the","start":9236.53,"end":9236.73},{"text":"world","start":9236.73,"end":9237.05},{"text":"will","start":9237.05,"end":9237.17},{"text":"not","start":9237.17,"end":9237.41},{"text":"achieve","start":9237.41,"end":9238.05},{"text":"90%","start":9239.33,"end":9239.37},{"text":"upper","start":9239.41,"end":9239.73},{"text":"secondary","start":9239.73,"end":9240.21},{"text":"completion","start":9240.21,"end":9240.93},{"text":"until","start":9241.21,"end":9242.05},{"text":"2105","start":9242.13,"end":9243.33},{"text":"years.","start":9243.33,"end":9243.81}]},{"text":"So we are very far from what we aimed at.","start":9244.69,"end":9249.57,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":9244.69,"end":9244.93},{"text":"we","start":9244.93,"end":9245.09},{"text":"are","start":9245.09,"end":9245.25},{"text":"very","start":9245.25,"end":9245.49},{"text":"far","start":9245.49,"end":9245.97},{"text":"from","start":9246.37,"end":9246.85},{"text":"what","start":9248.17,"end":9248.53},{"text":"we","start":9248.53,"end":9248.93},{"text":"aimed","start":9248.93,"end":9249.33},{"text":"at.","start":9249.33,"end":9249.57}]},{"text":"This tells us that the challenge is not simply to open the doors of the classrooms.","start":9250.29,"end":9254.29,"topics":[{"key":"education-continuum","label":"Education as a Continuum from Early Childhood Through Life","description":"Some interventions argued that the right to education should be understood as a continuous pathway beginning in early childhood and extending through secondary education and lifelong learning. This perspective connected early care, later school success, multiple learning pathways, and broader human development."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":9250.29,"end":9250.45},{"text":"tells","start":9250.45,"end":9250.77},{"text":"us","start":9250.77,"end":9250.85},{"text":"that","start":9250.85,"end":9251.01},{"text":"the","start":9251.01,"end":9251.17},{"text":"challenge","start":9251.17,"end":9251.53},{"text":"is","start":9251.53,"end":9251.65},{"text":"not","start":9251.65,"end":9251.85},{"text":"simply","start":9251.85,"end":9252.37},{"text":"to","start":9252.37,"end":9252.65},{"text":"open","start":9252.65,"end":9252.89},{"text":"the","start":9252.89,"end":9252.97},{"text":"doors","start":9252.97,"end":9253.33},{"text":"of","start":9253.33,"end":9253.45},{"text":"the","start":9253.45,"end":9253.57},{"text":"classrooms.","start":9253.57,"end":9254.29}]},{"text":"It is to ensure that people can enter, remain, complete and benefit from education.","start":9254.73,"end":9260.41,"topics":[{"key":"education-continuum","label":"Education as a Continuum from Early Childhood Through Life","description":"Some interventions argued that the right to education should be understood as a continuous pathway beginning in early childhood and extending through secondary education and lifelong learning. 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This perspective connected early care, later school success, multiple learning pathways, and broader human development."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":9260.97,"end":9261.13},{"text":"this","start":9261.13,"end":9261.85},{"text":"brings","start":9262.01,"end":9262.41},{"text":"me","start":9262.41,"end":9262.53},{"text":"to","start":9262.53,"end":9262.61},{"text":"an","start":9262.61,"end":9262.73},{"text":"issue","start":9262.73,"end":9263.05},{"text":"that","start":9263.05,"end":9263.21},{"text":"is","start":9263.21,"end":9263.29},{"text":"fundamental","start":9263.29,"end":9263.93},{"text":"to","start":9263.93,"end":9264.01},{"text":"the","start":9264.01,"end":9264.09},{"text":"right","start":9264.09,"end":9264.53},{"text":"to","start":9264.53,"end":9264.61},{"text":"education,","start":9264.61,"end":9265.13},{"text":"quality","start":9265.49,"end":9265.89},{"text":"and","start":9265.89,"end":9266.05},{"text":"relevance.","start":9266.05,"end":9266.73}]},{"text":"Access to a classroom means little if learners do not acquire the knowledge, skills and competencies they need to participate fully in society and to navigate changing economies and technology.","start":9267.37,"end":9278.65,"topics":[{"key":"education-continuum","label":"Education as a Continuum from Early Childhood Through Life","description":"Some interventions argued that the right to education should be understood as a continuous pathway beginning in early childhood and extending through secondary education and lifelong learning. This perspective connected early care, later school success, multiple learning pathways, and broader human development."}],"words":[{"text":"Access","start":9267.37,"end":9267.77},{"text":"to","start":9267.77,"end":9267.89},{"text":"a","start":9267.89,"end":9267.93},{"text":"classroom","start":9267.93,"end":9268.69},{"text":"means","start":9268.69,"end":9268.97},{"text":"little","start":9268.97,"end":9269.37},{"text":"if","start":9269.37,"end":9269.53},{"text":"learners","start":9269.53,"end":9269.97},{"text":"do","start":9269.97,"end":9270.05},{"text":"not","start":9270.05,"end":9270.25},{"text":"acquire","start":9270.25,"end":9270.81},{"text":"the","start":9271.13,"end":9271.25},{"text":"knowledge,","start":9271.25,"end":9271.69},{"text":"skills","start":9271.69,"end":9272.21},{"text":"and","start":9272.21,"end":9272.41},{"text":"competencies","start":9272.41,"end":9273.05},{"text":"they","start":9273.05,"end":9273.25},{"text":"need","start":9273.25,"end":9273.61},{"text":"to","start":9273.85,"end":9273.97},{"text":"participate","start":9273.97,"end":9274.57},{"text":"fully","start":9274.57,"end":9274.81},{"text":"in","start":9274.81,"end":9274.89},{"text":"society","start":9274.89,"end":9275.53},{"text":"and","start":9275.73,"end":9275.93},{"text":"to","start":9275.93,"end":9276.01},{"text":"navigate","start":9276.01,"end":9276.65},{"text":"changing","start":9276.81,"end":9277.37},{"text":"economies","start":9277.37,"end":9277.89},{"text":"and","start":9277.89,"end":9278.05},{"text":"technology.","start":9278.05,"end":9278.65}]},{"text":"This is also why teachers are central to the realization of the right to education.","start":9278.89,"end":9283.13,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":9278.89,"end":9279.09},{"text":"is","start":9279.09,"end":9279.21},{"text":"also","start":9279.21,"end":9279.53},{"text":"why","start":9279.53,"end":9279.69},{"text":"teachers","start":9279.69,"end":9280.17},{"text":"are","start":9280.17,"end":9280.25},{"text":"central","start":9280.25,"end":9280.81},{"text":"to","start":9280.81,"end":9280.89},{"text":"the","start":9281.29,"end":9281.45},{"text":"realization","start":9281.45,"end":9282.05},{"text":"of","start":9282.05,"end":9282.13},{"text":"the","start":9282.13,"end":9282.21},{"text":"right","start":9282.21,"end":9282.45},{"text":"to","start":9282.45,"end":9282.53},{"text":"education.","start":9282.53,"end":9283.13}]},{"text":"My team estimates that 44 million additional teachers will be needed globally by 2030 to achieve universal primary and secondary education, including 31 million for secondary education alone.","start":9283.69,"end":9295.21,"topics":[{"key":"education-financing","label":"Education Financing and International Support","description":"A major theme was whether states are allocating maximum available resources to education and how financing gaps, debt burdens, aid cuts, and differing national capacities affect implementation. Many linked stronger legal standards to stronger budgeting, technical support, and international cooperation."},{"key":"public-education-systems","label":"Public Education and State Responsibility","description":"Several statements focused on the role of the state in guaranteeing free education through strong public systems. 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This perspective connected early care, later school success, multiple learning pathways, and broader human development."}],"words":[{"text":"How","start":9323.01,"end":9323.21},{"text":"will","start":9323.21,"end":9323.73},{"text":"we","start":9323.73,"end":9323.81},{"text":"ensure","start":9323.81,"end":9324.21},{"text":"that","start":9324.21,"end":9324.45},{"text":"all","start":9324.45,"end":9324.73},{"text":"learners","start":9324.73,"end":9325.17},{"text":"will","start":9325.17,"end":9325.37},{"text":"acquire","start":9325.37,"end":9325.81},{"text":"those","start":9325.81,"end":9326.05},{"text":"skills","start":9326.05,"end":9326.41},{"text":"and","start":9326.41,"end":9326.69},{"text":"the","start":9327.25,"end":9327.41},{"text":"timeliness","start":9327.41,"end":9327.89},{"text":"of","start":9327.89,"end":9327.97},{"text":"this","start":9327.97,"end":9328.21},{"text":"learning,","start":9328.21,"end":9328.61},{"text":"given","start":9328.89,"end":9329.17},{"text":"the","start":9329.17,"end":9329.29},{"text":"fast-changing","start":9329.29,"end":9330.13},{"text":"world","start":9330.13,"end":9330.61},{"text":"impacted","start":9330.77,"end":9331.25},{"text":"by","start":9331.25,"end":9331.41},{"text":"technology,","start":9331.41,"end":9332.05},{"text":"demography,","start":9332.05,"end":9332.85},{"text":"climate","start":9333.09,"end":9333.45},{"text":"change,","start":9333.45,"end":9333.77},{"text":"social","start":9333.77,"end":9334.29},{"text":"and","start":9334.29,"end":9334.41},{"text":"democratic","start":9334.41,"end":9335.65},{"text":"backsliding,","start":9336.53,"end":9337.41},{"text":"changes","start":9337.65,"end":9338.13},{"text":"on","start":9338.13,"end":9338.21},{"text":"the","start":9338.21,"end":9338.37},{"text":"world","start":9338.37,"end":9338.57},{"text":"of","start":9338.57,"end":9338.65},{"text":"work,","start":9338.69,"end":9338.97},{"text":"and","start":9338.97,"end":9339.09},{"text":"other","start":9339.09,"end":9339.33},{"text":"challenges?","start":9339.33,"end":9339.97}]},{"text":"Nor can we speak about lifelong learning without investing in people, institutions, and learning environment that sustain it.","start":9341.01,"end":9348.21,"topics":[{"key":"education-financing","label":"Education Financing and International Support","description":"A major theme was whether states are allocating maximum available resources to education and how financing gaps, debt burdens, aid cuts, and differing national capacities affect implementation. Many linked stronger legal standards to stronger budgeting, technical support, and international cooperation."},{"key":"education-continuum","label":"Education as a Continuum from Early Childhood Through Life","description":"Some interventions argued that the right to education should be understood as a continuous pathway beginning in early childhood and extending through secondary education and lifelong learning. This perspective connected early care, later school success, multiple learning pathways, and broader human development."}],"words":[{"text":"Nor","start":9341.01,"end":9341.33},{"text":"can","start":9341.97,"end":9342.37},{"text":"we","start":9342.37,"end":9342.53},{"text":"speak","start":9342.53,"end":9342.73},{"text":"about","start":9342.73,"end":9343.01},{"text":"lifelong","start":9343.01,"end":9343.37},{"text":"learning","start":9343.37,"end":9343.65},{"text":"without","start":9343.65,"end":9343.89},{"text":"investing","start":9343.89,"end":9344.69},{"text":"in","start":9344.93,"end":9345.09},{"text":"people,","start":9345.09,"end":9345.57},{"text":"institutions,","start":9345.81,"end":9346.53},{"text":"and","start":9346.53,"end":9346.69},{"text":"learning","start":9346.69,"end":9347.01},{"text":"environment","start":9347.01,"end":9347.45},{"text":"that","start":9347.45,"end":9347.61},{"text":"sustain","start":9347.61,"end":9348.05},{"text":"it.","start":9348.05,"end":9348.21}]},{"text":"Quality, relevance and inclusion must therefore stand alongside access.","start":9348.85,"end":9353.25,"topics":[{"key":"education-continuum","label":"Education as a Continuum from Early Childhood Through Life","description":"Some interventions argued that the right to education should be understood as a continuous pathway beginning in early childhood and extending through secondary education and lifelong learning. This perspective connected early care, later school success, multiple learning pathways, and broader human development."},{"key":"inclusive-disability-education","label":"Inclusive Education for Children with Disabilities","description":"Speakers highlighted that children with disabilities remain among the most excluded from education and that free education must include reasonable accommodation, accessible infrastructure, adapted teaching, disability-related supports, and a shift away from segregated systems."}],"words":[{"text":"Quality,","start":9348.85,"end":9349.33},{"text":"relevance","start":9349.33,"end":9349.81},{"text":"and","start":9349.81,"end":9349.93},{"text":"inclusion","start":9349.93,"end":9350.41},{"text":"must","start":9350.41,"end":9350.61},{"text":"therefore","start":9350.61,"end":9351.17},{"text":"stand","start":9351.49,"end":9351.97},{"text":"alongside","start":9352.01,"end":9352.69},{"text":"access.","start":9352.69,"end":9353.25}]},{"text":"My fourth and last point is that we must now make the lifelong learning continuum operational and make it a right in practice.","start":9354.13,"end":9362.61,"topics":[{"key":"education-continuum","label":"Education as a Continuum from Early Childhood Through Life","description":"Some interventions argued that the right to education should be understood as a continuous pathway beginning in early childhood and extending through secondary education and lifelong learning. This perspective connected early care, later school success, multiple learning pathways, and broader human development."}],"words":[{"text":"My","start":9354.13,"end":9354.29},{"text":"fourth","start":9354.29,"end":9354.57},{"text":"and","start":9354.57,"end":9354.69},{"text":"last","start":9354.69,"end":9354.97},{"text":"point","start":9354.97,"end":9355.41},{"text":"is","start":9356.13,"end":9356.29},{"text":"that","start":9356.29,"end":9356.49},{"text":"we","start":9356.49,"end":9356.61},{"text":"must","start":9356.61,"end":9356.93},{"text":"now","start":9356.93,"end":9357.09},{"text":"make","start":9357.09,"end":9357.41},{"text":"the","start":9357.41,"end":9357.53},{"text":"lifelong","start":9357.53,"end":9357.93},{"text":"learning","start":9357.93,"end":9358.21},{"text":"continuum","start":9358.21,"end":9358.85},{"text":"operational","start":9358.85,"end":9359.57},{"text":"and","start":9359.97,"end":9360.25},{"text":"make","start":9360.25,"end":9360.45},{"text":"it","start":9360.45,"end":9360.69},{"text":"a","start":9360.93,"end":9360.97},{"text":"right","start":9360.97,"end":9361.49},{"text":"in","start":9361.81,"end":9361.97},{"text":"practice.","start":9361.97,"end":9362.61}]},{"text":"A continuum cannot remain only a principle.","start":9363.09,"end":9365.57,"topics":[{"key":"education-continuum","label":"Education as a Continuum from Early Childhood Through Life","description":"Some interventions argued that the right to education should be understood as a continuous pathway beginning in early childhood and extending through secondary education and lifelong learning. 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This perspective connected early care, later school success, multiple learning pathways, and broader human development."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":9366.21,"end":9366.37},{"text":"needs","start":9366.37,"end":9366.69},{"text":"policies,","start":9366.69,"end":9367.25},{"text":"institutions","start":9367.25,"end":9368.05},{"text":"and","start":9368.05,"end":9368.21},{"text":"financing","start":9368.21,"end":9368.85},{"text":"that","start":9369.09,"end":9369.33},{"text":"allow","start":9369.33,"end":9369.57},{"text":"people","start":9369.57,"end":9369.97},{"text":"to","start":9369.97,"end":9370.13},{"text":"move","start":9370.13,"end":9370.37},{"text":"between","start":9370.37,"end":9370.77},{"text":"different","start":9370.77,"end":9371.13},{"text":"learning","start":9371.13,"end":9371.45},{"text":"opportunities","start":9371.45,"end":9372.29},{"text":"throughout","start":9372.53,"end":9372.81},{"text":"their","start":9372.81,"end":9373.01},{"text":"lives.","start":9373.01,"end":9373.49}]},{"text":"UNESCO is advancing this agenda through the work on the evolving right to education.","start":9373.81,"end":9378.61,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"UNESCO","start":9373.81,"end":9374.29},{"text":"is","start":9374.29,"end":9374.37},{"text":"advancing","start":9374.37,"end":9374.93},{"text":"this","start":9374.93,"end":9375.17},{"text":"agenda","start":9375.17,"end":9375.57},{"text":"through","start":9375.57,"end":9375.89},{"text":"the","start":9375.89,"end":9375.97},{"text":"work","start":9375.97,"end":9376.37},{"text":"on","start":9376.85,"end":9377.01},{"text":"the","start":9377.01,"end":9377.13},{"text":"evolving","start":9377.13,"end":9377.65},{"text":"right","start":9377.65,"end":9377.93},{"text":"to","start":9377.93,"end":9378.01},{"text":"education.","start":9378.01,"end":9378.61}]},{"text":"The initiative provides an important platform in this regard.","start":9378.85,"end":9382.05,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":9378.85,"end":9379.05},{"text":"initiative","start":9379.05,"end":9379.65},{"text":"provides","start":9379.65,"end":9380.29},{"text":"an","start":9380.29,"end":9380.45},{"text":"important","start":9380.45,"end":9380.97},{"text":"platform","start":9380.97,"end":9381.37},{"text":"in","start":9381.37,"end":9381.45},{"text":"this","start":9381.45,"end":9381.65},{"text":"regard.","start":9381.65,"end":9382.05}]},{"text":"It examines how the legal framework can respond to contemporary realities while preserving the fundamental principle that education is a right for all throughout life.","start":9382.45,"end":9392.21,"topics":[{"key":"education-continuum","label":"Education as a Continuum from Early Childhood Through Life","description":"Some interventions argued that the right to education should be understood as a continuous pathway beginning in early childhood and extending through secondary education and lifelong learning. 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Many linked stronger legal standards to stronger budgeting, technical support, and international cooperation."}],"words":[{"text":"A","start":9403.25,"end":9403.29},{"text":"right","start":9403.29,"end":9403.61},{"text":"to","start":9403.61,"end":9403.69},{"text":"education","start":9403.69,"end":9404.17},{"text":"throughout","start":9404.17,"end":9404.53},{"text":"life","start":9404.53,"end":9404.77},{"text":"requires","start":9404.77,"end":9405.29},{"text":"investment","start":9405.29,"end":9405.85},{"text":"throughout","start":9405.85,"end":9406.37},{"text":"life.","start":9406.37,"end":9406.77}]},{"text":"As the SDG4 Steering Committee has highlighted in its work on financing the right to education for all, without sustained and equitable financing, lifelong learning cannot become a right in practice.","start":9407.49,"end":9418.69,"topics":[{"key":"education-financing","label":"Education Financing and International Support","description":"A major theme was whether states are allocating maximum available resources to education and how financing gaps, debt burdens, aid cuts, and differing national capacities affect implementation. 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you so much for your presentation.","start":9608.05,"end":9609.65,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":9608.05,"end":9608.29},{"text":"you","start":9608.29,"end":9608.37},{"text":"so","start":9608.37,"end":9608.53},{"text":"much","start":9608.53,"end":9608.73},{"text":"for","start":9608.73,"end":9608.85},{"text":"your","start":9608.85,"end":9608.97},{"text":"presentation.","start":9608.97,"end":9609.65}]},{"text":"And we'll have our final panelist, Ms. Farida Shaheed, the special rapporteur on the right to 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afraid we would have to wait until we resume for the afternoon session, but please, Mr. Fay, take your time and deliver, 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yesterday.","start":9734.01,"end":9736.17,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":9734.01,"end":9734.25},{"text":"is","start":9734.25,"end":9734.37},{"text":"what","start":9734.37,"end":9734.57},{"text":"I","start":9734.57,"end":9734.73},{"text":"heard","start":9734.73,"end":9734.97},{"text":"them","start":9734.97,"end":9735.13},{"text":"say","start":9735.13,"end":9735.45},{"text":"yesterday.","start":9735.45,"end":9736.17}]},{"text":"And perhaps the Child Rights Committee can consider a general comment on what actually free education would mean for differently situated children as the rights holders.","start":9737.05,"end":9748.17,"topics":[{"key":"child-participation","label":"Child Participation in Law and Oversight","description":"A recurring topic was the meaningful involvement of children in shaping the protocol and in monitoring its implementation. 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heard yesterday the example of Georgia, but also I would like to appreciate Sierra Leone's radical inclusion initiative for children living with disabilities, which is really quite amazing.","start":9998.25,"end":10011.45,"topics":[{"key":"inclusive-disability-education","label":"Inclusive Education for Children with Disabilities","description":"Speakers highlighted that children with disabilities remain among the most excluded from education and that free education must include reasonable accommodation, accessible infrastructure, adapted teaching, disability-related supports, and a shift away from segregated 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I want to emphasize that the existing practice of the Child Rights Committee has in fact catalyzed a lot of improvements in state practices.","start":10011.93,"end":10022.13,"topics":[{"key":"monitoring-accountability","label":"Monitoring and Accountability","description":"Participants stressed that clearer legal obligations need effective follow-up through reporting, review, and accountability mechanisms. 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put you in a better position, an informed position when you make your determination as we proceed with this 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thank all panelists for their contribution.","start":10524.17,"end":10526.65,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":10524.17,"end":10524.33},{"text":"thank","start":10524.33,"end":10524.57},{"text":"all","start":10524.57,"end":10524.89},{"text":"panelists","start":10524.89,"end":10525.53},{"text":"for","start":10525.53,"end":10525.73},{"text":"their","start":10525.73,"end":10525.85},{"text":"contribution.","start":10525.85,"end":10526.65}]},{"text":"We only have barely four minutes.","start":10527.29,"end":10530.49,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":10527.29,"end":10527.69},{"text":"only","start":10527.77,"end":10528.33},{"text":"have","start":10528.33,"end":10528.57},{"text":"barely","start":10528.57,"end":10529.29},{"text":"four","start":10529.53,"end":10529.85},{"text":"minutes.","start":10529.85,"end":10530.49}]},{"text":"Thank you so much for meeting your time, Ms. Fahida.","start":10530.97,"end":10534.33,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":10530.97,"end":10531.17},{"text":"you","start":10531.17,"end":10531.25},{"text":"so","start":10531.25,"end":10531.37},{"text":"much","start":10531.37,"end":10531.57},{"text":"for","start":10531.57,"end":10531.85},{"text":"meeting","start":10532.01,"end":10532.49},{"text":"your","start":10532.65,"end":10532.81},{"text":"time,","start":10532.81,"end":10533.09},{"text":"Ms.","start":10533.49,"end":10533.81},{"text":"Fahida.","start":10533.81,"end":10534.33}]},{"text":"We have barely four minutes to the close, but I think we can take one state for general comments under this 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think we have a total of about eight states So please don't worry, when we resume in the afternoon, we'll certainly give you the 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floor.","start":10562.93,"end":10564.61,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Please,","start":10562.93,"end":10563.41},{"text":"you","start":10563.89,"end":10564.05},{"text":"have","start":10564.05,"end":10564.21},{"text":"the","start":10564.21,"end":10564.29},{"text":"floor.","start":10564.29,"end":10564.61}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Safa","affiliation":"SLE","affiliation_full":"Sierra Leone","group":null,"function":"Chair-Rapporteur"}},{"statement_number":55,"start":10568.05,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k11/k11ash292p?t=10569","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Bogdanova.","start":10568.05,"end":10568.61,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Bogdanova.","start":10568.05,"end":10568.61}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":null,"affiliation_full":null,"group":null,"function":null}},{"statement_number":56,"start":10569.49,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k11/k11ash292p?t=10570","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you. Thank you, Chair.","start":10569.49,"end":10571.85,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":10569.49,"end":10569.73},{"text":"you.","start":10569.73,"end":10569.89},{"text":"Thank","start":10571.01,"end":10571.21},{"text":"you,","start":10571.21,"end":10571.29},{"text":"Chair.","start":10571.29,"end":10571.85}]},{"text":"At the outset, I would like to join you and thank the panelists for very substantive presentations and for presenting the different points of view related to the advisability of elaborating another legally binding instrument.","start":10572.17,"end":10592.49,"topics":[{"key":"treaty-complementarity","label":"Complementarity with Existing Treaties","description":"Delegations repeatedly discussed how any new protocol should relate to the CRC, ICESCR, SDG 4, and other instruments. The debate focused on whether the protocol would fill a genuine normative gap and strengthen implementation, or risk duplication and legal fragmentation."}],"words":[{"text":"At","start":10572.17,"end":10572.29},{"text":"the","start":10572.29,"end":10572.45},{"text":"outset,","start":10572.45,"end":10572.97},{"text":"I","start":10572.97,"end":10573.01},{"text":"would","start":10573.01,"end":10573.17},{"text":"like","start":10573.17,"end":10573.45},{"text":"to","start":10573.45,"end":10573.61},{"text":"join","start":10573.61,"end":10574.25},{"text":"you","start":10574.41,"end":10574.81},{"text":"and","start":10574.89,"end":10575.13},{"text":"thank","start":10575.13,"end":10575.69},{"text":"the","start":10575.93,"end":10576.17},{"text":"panelists","start":10577.05,"end":10577.77},{"text":"for","start":10577.77,"end":10578.09},{"text":"very","start":10578.09,"end":10578.41},{"text":"substantive","start":10578.41,"end":10578.97},{"text":"presentations","start":10578.97,"end":10580.01},{"text":"and","start":10580.09,"end":10580.41},{"text":"for","start":10580.41,"end":10580.97},{"text":"presenting","start":10580.97,"end":10581.69},{"text":"the","start":10582.49,"end":10582.69},{"text":"different","start":10583.05,"end":10583.77},{"text":"points","start":10584.33,"end":10584.69},{"text":"of","start":10584.69,"end":10584.89},{"text":"view","start":10584.93,"end":10585.37},{"text":"related","start":10585.37,"end":10586.09},{"text":"to","start":10586.09,"end":10586.97},{"text":"the","start":10586.97,"end":10587.13},{"text":"advisability","start":10587.13,"end":10588.09},{"text":"of","start":10588.09,"end":10588.25},{"text":"elaborating","start":10588.25,"end":10589.21},{"text":"another","start":10589.61,"end":10590.25},{"text":"legally","start":10590.41,"end":10591.05},{"text":"binding","start":10591.13,"end":10591.61},{"text":"instrument.","start":10591.61,"end":10592.49}]},{"text":"As far as the cluster related to these principles, namely principles four through eight, would like to share the following thoughts.","start":10594.13,"end":10605.13,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"As","start":10594.13,"end":10594.33},{"text":"far","start":10594.33,"end":10594.69},{"text":"as","start":10594.69,"end":10594.89},{"text":"the","start":10594.89,"end":10595.05},{"text":"cluster","start":10595.85,"end":10596.85},{"text":"related","start":10596.85,"end":10597.33},{"text":"to","start":10597.33,"end":10597.65},{"text":"these","start":10597.85,"end":10598.49},{"text":"principles,","start":10598.49,"end":10599.37},{"text":"namely","start":10599.93,"end":10600.49},{"text":"principles","start":10600.49,"end":10601.53},{"text":"four","start":10602.09,"end":10602.41},{"text":"through","start":10602.41,"end":10602.81},{"text":"eight,","start":10602.81,"end":10603.09},{"text":"would","start":10603.09,"end":10603.21},{"text":"like","start":10603.21,"end":10603.61},{"text":"to","start":10603.61,"end":10603.77},{"text":"share","start":10603.77,"end":10604.17},{"text":"the","start":10604.17,"end":10604.25},{"text":"following","start":10604.25,"end":10604.73},{"text":"thoughts.","start":10604.73,"end":10605.13}]},{"text":"The Russian Federation supports principle four related to strengthening international cooperation related to early childhood care and education, free public preschool education and free public secondary education, provided that states remain responsible for implementing the relevant obligations and the voluntary nature of any financial assistance to the educational systems of other countries.","start":10605.13,"end":10634.49,"topics":[{"key":"free-preprimary-secondary","label":"Free Pre-Primary and Secondary Education","description":"A central issue was whether the proposed optional protocol should explicitly guarantee at least one year of free public pre-primary education and free public secondary education, closing the gap left by current treaty language that clearly mandates free primary education only."},{"key":"education-financing","label":"Education Financing and International Support","description":"A major theme was whether states are allocating maximum available resources to education and how financing gaps, debt burdens, aid cuts, and differing national capacities affect implementation. 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