Climate Summit 2025

The climate crisis is no longer a distant threat. It is here, shaping our present and defining our future. Rising seas, extreme heat, floods, wildfires, and devastating storms disrupt lives across the globe. Families are being displaced. Farmers are losing crops. Children are growing up in a world of uncertainty. Those least responsible are often the hardest hit. But this is not just a story of crisis. It's a story of possibility. Because we are on the cusp of the clean energy era, the renewables revolution. Leaders, now is the time to seize the biggest economic opportunity of our lifetime. With national climate plans, we have the blueprints for successful economies and societies, creating jobs, expanding investments, and building opportunities for all, saving lives and safeguarding public health, building energy independence and security, connecting communities and upholding Indigenous rights. limiting increasingly dangerous and costly impacts of climate change, protecting nature and biodiversity, which protects us all. This is our moment of opportunity. Let's seize it.

Mr. Secretary-General, Excellencies, friends, colleagues, good afternoon. For those of you who don't know me, my name is Melissa Fleming. I am the UN Under-Secretary-General for Global Communications, and it is my honor to moderate the special event on climate convened by His Excellency, Mr. Antonio Guterres, Secretary-General of the United Nations, and His Excellency, Mr. Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva, President of Brazil, who will be with us any time now. The Secretary General and President Lula have agreed to work together to mobilize increased action on climate ahead of COP 30, which Brazil will host in November. Against the backdrop of a worsening climate crisis and challenging geopolitics, we are here today to discuss the steps we can collectively take to accelerate the just energy transition, to strengthen climate justice for developing countries, and to protect our natural world. We have all the solutions we need to limit temperature rise to 1.5 degrees. What we need today is action. Excellencies, we will start with a scientific assessment of the current efforts to meet the goals of the Paris Agreement, and this will be presented by Professor Johan Johan Rockstrom, Director of the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, and Professor Katharine Hayhoe from Texas Tech University. Professors, you have the floor.

Thank you. Good afternoon, your excellencies, co-citizens on planet Earth. It's now 10 years since the world in Paris entered the legally binding agreement to avoid dangerous climate change. Since then, science has become overwhelmingly clear. Allowing long-term global warming to exceed 1.5 degrees Celsius constitutes danger. And yet, greenhouse gas emissions continue rising, and in 2024, annual global temperature change was pushed beyond 1.5 degrees Celsius for the first time on our watch. This is a deep concern. An even deeper concern is that warming appears to be accelerating, outpacing emissions. The long-term average warming is now between 1.3 and 1.4 degrees. We are on a path to breach 1.5 degrees Celsius multi-decadal boundary within the next 5, 10 years, a temperature we've not experienced over the past 100,000 years. Here we must admit failure. failure to protect peoples and nations from unmanageable impacts of human-induced climate change. But we don't have to keep failing. Returning to below 1.5 degrees by the end of this century must remain the obligation for all international efforts to limit dangerous climate change. Extreme heats, fire, droughts, water scarcity, flooding, and land degradation, reinforced by us, are already impacting the lives of billions of people around the world. Beyond 1.5 degrees Celsius, these dangers will become increasingly unmanageable. Every tenth of a degree of avoided warming matters, saves lives and livelihoods. This is not a time for resignation. Beyond 1.5 degrees Celsius, there's also a real risk of crossing tipping points. The most recent science concludes that we're therefore dangerously close to triggering fundamental and irreversible change. If we make the right choices going forward, though, there is still an overshoot pathway that can bring temperatures back below 1.5 degrees Celsius by the end of this century. Such a narrow escape remains possible, but it will be extremely challenging. It requires deep and rapid reduction of all greenhouse gases, involving a near-complete transition, starting now, away from fossil fuels. We also know that cutting emissions won't be enough. we need to massively scale up carbon dioxide removal. For every 0.1 degree Celsius of planetary cooling, 200 billion tons are needed to be removed from the atmosphere. But even if this succeeds, we fail unless we safeguard the world's most powerful carbon sink and planetary cooling system, a healthy planet. If we don't return to the safe operating space of the nine planetary boundaries that regulates Earth's stability, including biodiversity, pollutants, land, nutrients, and the ocean, a safe climate future is out of reach, irrespective of our mitigation efforts. Don't be fooled. We are currently following a path that will take us to three degrees Celsius in just 75 years, shorter than the existence of this very institution, an existential threat we have not experienced in the last 3 million years. And there's no guarantee that efforts to cool the planet will succeed. So my message today, science is clear. We have a planetary crisis on our watch, and we do have scalable solutions for phasing out fossil fuels, efficient resource use, and transformation to healthy and sustainable food, pathways that makes us all winners. The window to a manageable climate future is still open, but just. Failure is not inevitable. It is a choice. Thank you. And with that, I pass on to my-- And with that, I pass on to my dear colleague, Professor Katherine Hayhoe.

Thank you. As Dr. Rockstrom indicated, we are conducting an unprecedented and perilous experiment with Earth, our only home. The science is clear. Right now, according to natural factors, the planet should be getting slowly cooler. Instead, it is warming faster and faster. And we are responsible for all of that warming. The science is also clear that every additional bit of warming matters. For every 10th of a degree, we can put a number on how much worse it gets. Billions of dollars in flood, wildfire, and storm damage, millions of avoidable deaths from extreme heat, air pollution, and more. Now, steady increases in heat waves and crop losses are bad enough, but the further we go past 1 and 1/2 degrees C, the greater the risk of the dangerous tipping points Dr. Rockstrom warned us about. So the obvious question is, if the science is this clear, and it is, and it has been for decades, then why haven't we fixed this already? Despite decades of deliberate disinformation that continues to be amplified today, the majority of people know the four basics. Most people know climate change is real, it is human caused, It is serious, and the experts agree. These four things make us worried. And yet, even though the majority of people in almost every country around the world, including this one, are already worried about climate change, awareness does not necessarily lead to action. Too often, we think if we just explain the facts more clearly, that will be enough, but it isn't. Because if we don't know what to do, we'll do nothing. To act, we need to know two more things. We need to know that we are not alone. Others care, and we need to know that there is hope. Hope is not wishful thinking. Hope is knowing that if we act, it will make a difference. And that is exactly what the science says, every action matters. When it comes to climate solutions, there's no one action that will fix it all, but there are so many that together give us more than enough to meet our climate goals. Transitioning from the dirty fossil fuels of the past to the clean energy of the future, protecting and restoring ecosystems that absorb carbon and shelter us from flood and heat, transforming food systems to reduce waste and emissions, Investing in resilience so the most vulnerable communities benefit most. We cannot prevent this catastrophe alone, but together we can by setting stronger targets, by moving faster timelines, and by making deeper commitments. Why? Because the science tells us that every bit of warming matters, every year matters, every choice matters, not to the planet, the planet will endure, it matters to us. When I had a child, I made the biggest wager anyone can place on the future. And you may have done that too. The scariest part is that the outcome of that bet doesn't depend on me alone. It depends on all of us, on our willingness to choose courage over fear, action over delay, and most of all, hope over despair. I believe it's a bet we can still win, and that's why every day I practice hope, not as a feeling, but as a discipline, one that's essential to the fight ahead. I won't give up on a better future, and I hope you won't either, because what's at stake is nothing less than everything and everyone we love.

Thank you, Professor Rockstrom and Professor He Ho, and every day we will all practice hope as well. It's now my honor to invite the Secretary General to the podium to deliver his remarks.

Excellencies, dear friends, as we have just heard, it is still possible to limit global temperature rise to 1.5 degrees by century's end. We know what permanently breaching that limit would mean for people and planet. The science compels climate action, so does the economics. Clean energy is powering jobs, growth and sustainable development, generating the fastest and cheapest electricity, insulating economies from volatile fossil fuel markets, providing energy security and sovereignty, and helping to deliver clean and affordable energy for all. Despite vast fossil fuel subsidies, distorting markets, clean energy received double the investment of fossil fuels last year. The bottom line, clean is competitive and climate action is imperative. Excellencies, the Paris Agreement has made a difference. In the last 10 years, projected global temperature rise has dropped from 4 degrees Celsius to less than 3 if current NDCs are fully implemented. Now, we need new plans for 2035 that go much further and much faster. delivering dramatic emissions cuts aligned with 1.5 degrees, covering all emissions and sectors, and accelerating a just energy transition globally. Your new plans can take us a significant step forward. A UN report will calculate their impact for global emissions. If they fall short, We must create the conditions for a decade of acceleration. We know it can be done. China met its 2030 wind and solar target six years ahead of schedule. India reached 50% electricity capacity from non-fossil fuels five years early. We are in the dawn of a new energy era. We must seize this moment of opportunity. COP30 in Brazil must conclude with a credible global response plan to get us on track. Five areas are crucial. First, energy. Fossil fuels still dominate. We must supercharge the clean energy transition, investing in grids and storage to unlock the full potential of renewables. lowering capital costs for developing countries, and redirecting fossil fuel subsidies to adjust the transition. Second, methane, a potent global heating gas. Drastic cuts this decade are essential, and most can be achieved quickly and cheaply. The International Energy Agency estimates fossil fuel operations could cut 40% of methane emissions today with no net costs. Third, forests. We must end the destruction of nature's greatest carbon sinks. This could deliver a fifth of needed emissions reductions by 2030. Fourth, heavy industry. We have seen important advances in technologies to cut emissions from steel and cement and heavy transport. They must be deployed urgently. Fifth, climate justice. Developing countries that did least to cause the crisis are suffering the most. Climate disasters are inflicting damages that exceed the GDP of some small islands. Droughts and floods are taking lives, fueling anger and inflaming conflict. all while finance gaps prevent investments in adaptation and resilience. We need urgent action to unlock funds for developing countries to seize clean energy benefits and protect lives and economies. And that requires reforming the international financial architecture to strengthen developing countries' participation. We need effective debt relief and scaled up solutions like debt swaps and disaster pause clauses. We need a major increase in the lending capacity of multilateral development banks and significant contributions to the loss and damage fund, including from innovative sources, and a major boost in adaptation finance with developing countries meeting their pledge to double funding this year. COP30. must show a credible path to mobilizing the 1.3 trillion US dollars annually in climate finance by 2035 as agreed at COP29 in Baku. Identifying sources, existing and new, outlining policies, instruments and actions to make finance accessible, affordable and at scale, and establishing credible accountability measures to verify progress. Excellencies, the science demands action. The law commands it. The economics compel it. And people are calling for it. I look forward to hearing how you will respond, and the UN stands ready to help you to deliver. Thank you very much.

Thank you, Secretary-General. I now have the honor to invite His Excellency Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva, President of Brazil, to deliver his remarks.

Well, I'd like to... greet our Secretary General and say to him how happy I am to be taking part at this high level event on climate action. Less than 50 days stand between this meeting and COP30. It is time to ask whether the world will arrive in Berlin with its homework done. The Paris Agreement gave countries the freedom to set emission reduction targets consistent with their realities and capacities. But the submission of nationally determined contributions is not an option. As it was made clear by the International Court of Justice, it is an obligation. In a world where serious violations have become commonplace, failing to submit an NDC may seem like a lesser evil. But without the collection of NDCs, the planet is moving in the dark. Only with a full picture will we know where we are going and at what pace. Today, the countries gathered here are fulfilling their duty, but there are others that have not yet done so. The denialism we face is not only related to climate, it is multilateral. No one is safe from the effects of climate change. Walls at borders will not stop droughts or storms. Nature does not bow down to bombs or warships. No country stands above another. The risk of unilateralism is the chain reaction it provokes. Each broken commitment is an invitation to new isolated actions. The result is a vicious cycle of mistrust and paralysis. We need to restore confidence and conviction in collective mobilization. If it were not for the Paris Agreement, we would already be on track for a 4 degree rise in Earth's average temperature. And if we are able to protect the ozone layer, we can also stop global warming. Fatalism is the worst enemy of action. The energy transition opens the door to a productive and technological transformation comparable to the Industrial Revolution. Nationally determined contributions are the roadmap that will guide each country through this change. They are not mere numbers or percentages. They are an opportunity to rethink models and reorient policies and investments toward a new economic paradigm. For this to happen on a global scale, wealthy nations need to bring forward their climate neutrality targets and expand access to resources and technologies for developing countries. The principle of common but differentiated responsibilities remains valid. Brazil was the second country to present its new NDC. We are committed to reducing emissions of all greenhouse gases by between 59 and 67 percent, covering all sectors of the economy. Our goal of ending deforestation by 2030 will continue to help make this objective a reality. By hosting COP in the Amazon, Brazil wants to show that it is impossible to preserve nature without caring for people. There is no way to revolutionize our relationship with the planet without engaging a wide range of stakeholders. This is why we promoted the global ethical stocktake with six regional dialogues that included representatives from civil society, the private sector, indigenous peoples and traditional communities, scientists, artists, religious leaders and local authorities. The voice of the people must reach heads of state and government. We want to promote a leaders' summit that fosters a frank and direct dialogue worthy of the mission entrusted to us by our societies. We have the chance to right injustices and build a prosperous and sustainable future for everyone. Thus, I call on the countries that have not yet submitted their NDCs. The success of COP30 in Belen depends on you. Let us make the Amazon the stage for a decisive moment in the history of multilateralism. I have said and have been saying that COP30, Mr. Secretary General, is the COP of truth. This COP is going to have to say whether or not we believe what science is showing us, if we leaders, heads of states, if we trust or don't trust science, because we're going to have to make a decision, because if we do not make a decision, society is going to stop believing its leaders. And instead of strengthening the struggle against global warming, we are going to help discredit multilateralism, policies, and democracy. And all of us will lose because denialism may actually win. Thus, the ball is in COP30's court, and I hope to rely on all of you and see all of you there. Thank you.

Thank you, Mr. President. And now let me open the floor to heads of state and government and excellencies. In the interest of time and ensuring that all participants get to speak, I encourage you to keep your interventions to maximum a maximum of three minutes. Leaders will speak from one of the lecterns at the front of the room. You'll be escorted from your seats to the lectern by UN protocol. To begin, I am delighted to introduce His Excellency Xi Jinping, President of the People's Republic of China.

Your Excellency, Secretary-General Antonio Guterres, Your Excellency, President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva, colleagues, this year marks the 10th anniversary of the Paris Agreement, a pivotal year for countries to submit their new nationally determined contributions. Global climate governance is entering a key stage. I wish to share with you three points. First, we must firm up confidence. Green and low-carbon transition is the trend of our time. While some country is acting against it, the international community should stay focused on the right direction, remain unwavering in confidence, unremitting in actions, and unrelenting in intensity. and push for formulation and delivery on NDCs, with a view to providing more positive energy to the cooperation on global climate governance. Second, we must live up to responsibilities. In the course of global green transition, fairness and equity should be upheld, and the right to development of developing countries fully respected. The transition should serve to narrow rather than widen the North-South gap. Countries need to honor principle of common but differentiated responsibilities, whereby developed countries should take the lead in fulfilling emission reduction obligations and provide more financial and technological support to developing countries. Third, we must deepen cooperation. The world now faces a huge demand for green development. It is important that countries strengthen international coordination in green technologies and industries to address the shortfall in green production capacity and ensure free flow of quality green products globally so that the benefits of green development can reach all corners of the world. Colleagues, let me take this opportunity to announce China's new NDCs as follows. China will, by 2035, reduce economy-wide net greenhouse gas emissions by 7% to 10% from peak levels, striving to do better, increase the share of non-fossil fuels in total energy consumption to over 30 percent. Expand the installed capacity of wind and solar power to over six times the 2020 levels, striving to bring the total to 3,600 gigawatts. Scale up the total forest stock volume to over 24 billion cubic meters. Make new energy vehicles the mainstream in the sales of new vehicles. Expand the national carbon emissions trading market to cover major high emission sectors, and basically establish a climate-adaptive society. These targets represent China's best efforts based on the requirements of the Paris Agreement. Meeting these targets requires both painstaking efforts by China itself and a supportive and open international environment. We have the resolve and confidence to deliver on our commitments. Colleagues, great visions require concrete actions. Climate response is an urgent yet long-term task. Let's all step up our actions to realize the beautiful vision of harmony between man and nature and preserve planet Earth, the place we call home. Thank you.

I thank the President of China for his statement and now welcome Her Excellency Ursula von der Leyen, President of the European Commission, to come to the podium.

President Lula, Secretary-General Guterres, Excellencies, ladies and gentlemen. Indeed, 10 years have passed since we adopted the Paris Agreement, and since then, the world has changed. Let me give you just three figures. Since Paris, renewable energy has increased by 140%. Investment in clean energy has increased by almost 80%. And carbon pricing in countries has doubled from 40 to 80. So the clean transition is moving on. And let me assure you, Europe will stay the course on our climate ambition. Our emissions are down nearly 40% since 1990. They now represent only 6% of global emissions. We are on track to reach our 2030 target, that is to cut emissions by minus 55%. And I'm happy to announce that last week, member states agreed that our national determined contribution would range between 66% and 72%. So work is advancing, and we will formally submit our NDC ahead of COP30. But in parallel, we are also looking ahead. We're working on a 2040 target of a proposed 90% emission reduction. That is our way to climate neutrality by 2050. And my message is that the world can count on European Union's continued climate leadership. My second point, we're doubling down on global partnerships. Because the question is no longer if the transition will occur and how fast, but who will benefit? Europe's answer is clear. All countries worldwide should reap the benefits, especially the most vulnerable. And that is why we will remain the world's largest providers of climate finance. In addition, we will mobilize up to 300 billion euros to support the clean transition worldwide through our Global Gateway investment program. And we will turn our collective agreement to triple renewable energy by 2030 into a reality. We support, for example, over 300 million people in Africa to give them access to electricity and clean cooking. And this is not only a climate issue. This is about basic human dignity, because no mother, no child should die because simply cooking dinner under abhorrent circumstances. Ladies and gentlemen, President Lula will soon welcome us to the Amazon, the green lungs of our planet. There could be no better place to reaffirm our strong commitment to multilateralism. So let's get it done. Thank you very much.

I thank the President of the European Commission and welcome now His Excellency, Recep Tayyip Erdogan, President of the Republic of Turkey.

Distinguished heads of state and government, Mr. Secretary-General, I greet you all with most heartfelt feelings. I wish Brazil success as it prepares to host the 30th climate conference in November. The climate law, which we adopted last July, was a significant step for us towards reaching our 2053 net zero emissions target. Our endeavors to establish an emissions trading system, implement a green finance strategy, and to create a national green taxonomy are all ongoing. We have built our climate policy on seven pillars: energy, industry, buildings, transportation, waste, agriculture, and forestry. We have also formulated our second nationally determined contribution to cover all sectors and all greenhouse gases. Through the policies to be implemented in the economy, we aim to achieve an emission reduction of 466 million tons by 2035, and to lower our emissions down to 643 million tons. While increasing the share of renewable energy and improving energy efficiency, we are expanding low carbon technologies in industry. As of this year, we have raised the share of renewable energy within the total installed capacity up to more than 60%. 2053, I'm sorry, we are rapidly reinforcing our infrastructure, particularly electric vehicle production, and we are prioritizing railway investments. In line with our 2053 net zero emissions target, we will continue to transform our key sectors. Now, access to international financing and cooperation in the field of technology, both of these are essential to be able to achieve these goals. I would like to underline particularly that our water efficiency campaign and the zero waste initiative led under the auspices of my spouse, Emine Erdogan, and elevated to the global level, both of these play a critical role in our fight against climate change. And we hope to crown all these efforts by hosting the 31st COP, Conference of the Parties. in 2026. So, with these thoughts in mind, I wish this climate summit to yield beneficial results, and I once again extend my greetings to you all with kind regards.

I thank the President of the Republic of Turkey. And now ask His Excellency, Anthony Albanese, Prime Minister of the Commonwealth of Australia, come to the podium.

Well, thank you very much, Secretary General, colleagues. This is the decisive decade for acting on the environmental challenge of climate change, but also seizing the economic opportunities of clean energy. We all grasp the scale and the urgency of our task. We all understand the consequences of inaction for our environment, for our economies, for our people's way of life, and for our children's future. Australians know the toll taken by extreme weather events becoming more frequent and more intense, the devastation that cyclones, floods, bushfires, and drought inflict on our communities. And Australia knows that we are not alone. We are all involved. An essential message that each of us can send to our citizens is this: it is not too late. If we act now and move with common purpose, then we can do more than just guard against the very worst. We can protect our environment and build a stronger and fairer economy for the next generation. That is the optimism and determination that Australia brings to this task. And today I present Australia's next nationally determined contribution. Australia's 2035 target is to reduce emissions by 62 to 70% on 2005 levels. This target is ambitious, but importantly, it is also achievable. It is backed by the independent scientific advice of our climate change authority. It will mean that over the next decade we halve our current level of emissions. And it will ensure that Australia honours our commitment to the Paris Agreement and its goal of keeping global temperatures below dangerous levels. Setting targets and showing ambition matters. It provides accountability for government and certainty for private sector investment. What is most important is having the practical plan to reach our goal. And that is where Australian clean energy is the key. Just as our traditional resources have helped to power the extraordinary economic transformation of our region, our renewables can underpin new prosperity for the growing economies of the Indo-Pacific. And our Pacific family is partnering with Australia in our bid to host COP31 in next year. We want to bring the world with us on climate change, not by asking any nation to forgo the jobs or security that its people deserve, but by working with every nation to seize and share those opportunities. None of us can succeed alone, but together we cannot fail. I thank you.

I thank the Prime Minister of Australia and now ask His Excellency, Serenjal S. Whipps, Jr., President of the Republic of Palau, to come to the floor.

President Lula, Secretary-General, Excellencies, colleagues, distinguished guests, it is my distinct honor to speak to you on behalf of the 39 members of the Alliance of Small Island States, whose people are the most vulnerable, living daily with the stark reality of climate change. Rising seas, stronger storms, and changing ecosystems are not projections for us. They are our lived experience, and they threaten our very survival. This summit is a key milestone on the road to COP30, a COP at which the outcome must be nothing less than transformational. It must deliver new commitments that keep us firmly on the pathway to limit warming to 1.5. The science is unequivocal. This is a critical decade. Delay is defeat. Every fraction of a degree beyond 1.5 brings irreversible loss, especially for the vulnerable people of small islands. We come here with firm expectations that new climate commitments in the form of 1.5 aligned nationally determined contributions would be submitted in time to be included in the synthesis report ahead of COP30. And I must speak plainly to major emitters. Your leadership will define the outcome. Those with the greatest responsibility and the greatest capacity to act must do far more. Align your economies with 1.5, phase out fossil fuels, and accelerate the transition to clean energy and ensure that your actions inspire confidence, not doubt, in the multilateral process. The recent opinion from the ICJ has reaffirmed that what IOS has long said, climate action is not optional. It is an obligation grounded in international law and in the principles of equity and justice. The world must look to this opinion as a moral and legal compass, underscoring that failure to act is failure to meet international duty. Excellencies, the measure of leadership at this summit and at COP30 is whether we choose short-term convenience for some or long-term survival for all peoples. For small island developing states, there is no margin for delay. We urge all countries, especially those major emitters, to deliver an outcome at COP30 that is ambitious, just, and firmly aligned with 1.5, this decade and not the next. We urge you to lead by example as we face these interconnected challenges together. Let us turn these challenges into opportunities, and we know it is technically and financially possible, but time is running short to act. Small island developing states are leading the way in climate ambition, and I am proud to highlight the leadership of my country. Palau today holds a rare net negative status. Our forests absorb more than six times the greenhouse gases we emit. But we are not stopping there. By 2035, we are committing to slash emissions by 44% compared to 2015 levels. We've broadened our targets across more sectors, such as oceans, but we cannot do it on our own. We need stronger support for implementation, and we are also not alone. Other SIDS are stepping up with bold commitments too, and Palau is committed to submitting our NDC 3.0 ahead of COP30. For SIDS, ambition alone is not enough. Implementation demands resources and fairness. And we call for scaled up, predictable climate finance to support both mitigation, adaptation, and loss and damage. The pledges of the past must now be met with delivery. This includes new and additional finance, not repackaged promises. Further adaptation to climate impacts is fundamentally important to SIDS, and we are looking to We'll be looking to COP30 to finally deliver an operational global goal on adaptation that includes the resources necessary to turn plans into action. The world is watching. Our people are waiting. And our survival depends on what we decide together now. The future we shape must be one which guarantees dignity, justice, and opportunity for all. I thank you.

I thank the Chair of AOSIS and President of the Republic of Palau. And our next speaker is His Excellency Muhammad Shafiqul Islam Sharif, Prime Minister of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan.

President Luna de Silva, Secretary-General Antonio Guterres, Excellencies, ladies and gentlemen, As-salamu alaykum and a very good afternoon. As I speak to you, my country is reeling from intense monsoon rains, cloudburst, flash floods, mudslides, and devastating urban flooding. This climate-induced catastrophe has impacted over 5 million lives across 4,100 villages. Over 1,000 precious lives have been lost. We are facing this calamity at a time when the scars of the 2022 floods that inflicted losses exceeding $30 billion and displaced millions are still visible across our land. And Secretary Guterres is a witness to this catastrophe. Ladies and gentlemen, Pakistan's contribution to global greenhouse gas emissions is almost negligible, but we bear impacts far beyond our share. Our commitment to delivering on our Climate agenda, however, remains steadfast and unwavering. In our 2021 nationally determined contribution, Pakistan committed to an unconditional 15% reduction in projected greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 as part of an overall target of cutting emissions by 50% I'm pleased to share that Pakistan has already delivered on its unconditional pledge of a 15% reduction. Renewables are presently providing over 32% of Pakistan's power mix. Solar energy has grown sevenfold since 2021. 23,000 hectares of mangroves have been restored. However, the implementation of Pakistan's national adaptation plan is hampered and hampered severely due to inadequate international climate finance. Ladies and gentlemen, I am pleased to announce here that we shall increase the share of renewables and hydropower to 62% of our energy mix by 2035, expanding nuclear energy capacity by 1,200 megawatt by 2030, shifting 30% of transport to cleaner mobility by 2030, and establishing 3,000 charging stations nationwide, scaling up climate-smart agriculture, safeguarding water security, and advancing the plantation of 1 billion trees. Excellencies, in conclusion, may I say, while Pakistan is willing and determined to be part of the solution to the climate crisis, we hope and expect that the international community will also honor its commitment for the sake of our future generations. And my last line is that loans over loans, adding to loans, is not the solution. Thank you very much, and God bless you.

I thank the Prime Minister of Pakistan, and the Secretary-General has to leave now, and I believe also for a meeting with the Security Council. I believe, President Lula, you also need to depart, or you could stay for a little while. Okay. Our next speaker is Her Excellency Maya Amor-Motley, Prime Minister of Barbados.

Thank you very much, Madam Chair, President Lula, Madam Deputy Secretary-General, my sister, distinguished guests, distinguished colleagues all. We gather here today not simply to speak about climate ambition, but to demand climate action of ourselves and of each other. Barbados' NDC sits within a framework of our investment plan for prosperity and resilience. We've estimated that this plan will cost us about $11.6 billion between now and the next decade. And that of that, $5 billion is likely to be public sector driven. We recognize that if this is to be real, we have to take the world as we find it, and we have to understand how we're going to finance it, and we have to understand how we are going to have access to the goods that are necessary, even if we find the finance, because very often small states cannot have control over the supply chain and fall down in its ability to execute. At the same time, when we ask of others, we do not absent ourselves from the obligation of performance. And what do I mean by that? The Bridgetown Initiative speaks not just of asking for concessional funding from the world, but also of greater domestic resource mobilization. We have determined that every citizen must share the burden in order to share the bounty of a clean and proper and fit environment. We ask our citizens as employees to be able and as self-employed to contribute point two five percent of all their wages and earnings and we as government go the extra mile and we will contribute 0.35% of GDP every year into a resilience and regeneration fund. We continue to try to innovate because in the world where we are not winning the battle of longer capital and cheaper capital, we need therefore to innovate. And whether it is debt swaps or whether it is natural disaster clauses, which the market has just shown it will accept, when we issued a US$500 million bond two months ago, we need to be able to use all of these instruments to ensure that the NDCs do not just become an archival document but a lived reality for our people. At the same time, we need to recognize that if we are going to reduce emissions, And I say this to you, President Lula, as we go into COP, we had a voluntary agreement on methane out of Dubai. That is not enough. We need a legally binding global agreement for methane reduction. The fossil fuel industry is not the enemy. It is the emissions. And if we have a legally binding methane agreement, we can buy ourselves time over the next 15 or 20 years to give them sufficient time to continue to do superfast research to scale up decarbonising technology to commercial level, while at the same time giving countries in the south the opportunity not to have to abandon the one thing that can finance their way to net zero. That makes sense for the oil and gas people and for the planet. It makes sense for the farmers and for the planet. Quite frankly, we cannot continue as if things are still the same. If we want the NDCs to be appropriately applied, we have to find a way to buy time. That allows everybody to stay in the game, and it allows those who believe and those who do not believe to work in common purpose. I look forward to our being able not just to execute our NDCs in terms of ambition, but also for us to have an additional discussion urgently. I feel that we do not need to reinvent the wheel. The Montreal Protocol that allowed us to reduce HFCs is the most successful

climate agreement in history. We can replicate it with no more than a two or three page agreement on the reduction of methane as a matter of legally binding obligations. Thank you.

I thank the Prime Minister of Barbados for her statement and invite as our next speaker, His Excellency Gabriel Boric, President of the Republic of Chile.

Thank you very much. Good afternoon to all those present here. All protocols observed. With respect to this meeting, all of the countries who are part of this institution must make our NDCs at the national level, the NDCs, and we must tackle with determination the challenges of global climate financing. And this takes place in a turbulent world where, unfortunately, we hear strong voices that minimize or even deny the reality of climate change, of the climate crisis. And in the light of these voices, we have to respond with firmness. There's no more time to lose. Surely the rich countries are not going to pay for the consequences. or like poor countries or developing countries with respect to the consequences of climate change. This denialism is particularly dangerous. We can discuss without any doubt, in a legitimate discussion, how can we tackle, what are the best strategies, what do we have to do to tackle the climate crisis, what countries have more or less responsibilities, what are the timelines involved, but we cannot discuss or we cannot question that there is a climate crisis. And this is a lie if we do that, and lying is not good. We shouldn't relativize this, it's not an opinion, we have to Face the lies. And those who with power affirm that there is no climate crisis, they are passing those costs on to the poor countries. And in the light of this, all of the members of the United Nations, we should stand up and reveal ourselves. The transition that we need, we know cannot wait. It has to be sped up, but it also be fair as well. The richer countries have to take the first step and have to assume the responsibility that falls upon them as being the main emitter of carbon throughout history, being committed to the world to reduce their emissions more rapidly and support the transition in developing countries, the same ones that today are the most vulnerable in the light of climate change. And let me tell you something with a great deal of affection, because we have a great deal of respect and a very rich relationship with the members of the European Union. Accepting, as most countries have done, accepting the increase and raising defense expenditure to 5%, that is unacceptable. They are forcing them to raise their defense expenditure. And the defense expenditure is one of the most polluting factors. And of course, we welcome the fact when they say we're going to reduce our emissions by 70%. But at the same time, on the other hand, they are increasing their investments in war. And investing in war is not a very good investment. must invest more in peace and in how we can improve conditions for developing countries for this would be a fair and a just climate change. In Latin America and the Caribbean, we know what is at stake, and that is why we support decisively President Lula and the organization of the summit. In Colombia, we are updating our NDCs. In Chile, rather, we are increasing our NDCs. We have set the timeline by 2035 as a step towards carbon neutrality, and this will happen in 2070, and I hope we'll do it before. Chile, furthermore, has had a strategy which has pointed to different sectors of the economy, from mining to transportation. Santiago de Chile, our capital, is the capital of the world outside of China that has more electric. And we are looking at these. We have areas that were polluted for a long time, and now we are improving that. Thanks to all those who are committed to this. Today, we are the ones, the decision makers, who can change the course of the world, not for us, but for the upcoming generations. And we have a responsibility, and history will judge us for this. Thank you.

I thank the President of the Republic of Chile and now welcome as our next speaker, His Excellency Taye Ake Selassie Amde, President of the Federal Republic of Ethiopia.

Excellencies, heads of state and governments, ladies and gentlemen, I would like to thank His Excellency President Lula da Silva and Madam Deputy Secretary General for convening this meeting. As we look forward for a much anticipated COP30 in Belem, Brazil, Ethiopia together with other African Union and African countries had the honor of hosting the second climate summit early this month. The summit involving nearly 25,000 participants from all over the stakeholders was a successful event that sets out Africa climate priorities. The outcome declaration encompass a commitment that Africa is not merely a victim of climate change, but a proactive force in developing innovative and sustainable solution. I thank the organizers for this opportunity to share the main outcomes of the African Climate Summit as reflected in the Addis Ababa Declaration. It is our hope and expectation that these main deliverables will be taken up and mainstreamed into the outcomes of the Belem Declaration. Excellencies, Africa's priorities are clear. To accelerate progress towards the Paris Agreement targets and within the framework of the common but differentiated responsibility, the continent is determined to take bold steps. Among them is the establishment of an African climate facility and an African climate innovation compact, which are designed to mobilize $50 billion annually in a catalytic finance. This effort will help champion homegrown solutions, accelerate innovations, and scale climate action across communities. Equally important is our ambition to position Africa as a global hub for low carbon manufacturing and green intra-African trade by advancing along a green first pathway to economic growth. At the same time, the continent is committed to scaling up investment in renewable energy with a collective goal of reaching 300 gigawatts of installed capacity by 2030. This ambition is not only about reducing emissions, it is about creating jobs, ensuring universal energy access, and laying the foundation for a more resilient and inclusive economy. Africa also resolved to manage its mineral resources responsibly, particularly in critical minerals that are indispensable for sustainable growth and a just energy transition. The implementation of the African Green Mineral Strategy will be central to this. Furthermore, combating desertification and advancing land restoration remain high priorities. Programs such as the Great Green Wall the African Forest Landscape Restoration Initiative, Ethiopia's Green Legacy Initiative, and the Central Africa Forest Initiative provide concrete pathways for restoring degraded ecosystem and securing livelihoods. I would like to mention that we have spent close to $20 billion for the Ethiopian Green Legacy Initiative. This is indeed a bold measure and initiative that didn't wait other financers and contributors. Excellencies, food security also remains a pressing priority. The Addis Ababa Declaration called for tangible contribution in this area and for the implementation of the Secretary-General's appeal from the Addis Ababa UN Food Systems Stocktake Summit. Effective global solidarity is essential if we are to build a food secure and climate resilient future supported by the necessary financial resource and technological innovation. In this regard, I commend Brazil for the innovative measures it is pursuing through the Global Alliance Against Hunger and Poverty launched under its G20 presidency. Excellencies, finally, Africa extends an invitation to our friends. Walk with us. But our journey forward will never be dictated by the timid, nor constrained by the doubtful. The destiny of Africa rests in the hands of Africa, and our commitment is now. In Belem, Brazil, we will play our rightful role to bridge differences and foster new commitments and actionable targets. In this regard, we stand with our Brazilian brothers and sister to the successful hosting of the COP 30. And I thank you, Madam Chair.

I thank the President of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia. And our next speaker is His Excellency Luong Cuong, State President of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam.

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Distinguished delegates, I thank the Secretary-General for convening the special high event on climate action, a most important event that demonstrates the strong resolve of the United Nations and the international community to join hands in addressing climate change. Vietnam is among the developing countries most severely affected by climate change. We are very clearly aware of and remain steadfast in our pursuit of sustainable development goals. striving for a harmonious balance between economic growth, environmental protection, and climate change response. Vietnam has continuously improved its related institutions and policies and established a coherent legal framework that enables green and just transition, climate change adaptation, and strong and resolute actions to achieve committed goals alongside the international community. At the same time, Vietnam will also continue to enhance adaptive capacity and resilience in vulnerable areas and communities in regions affected by climate change so that no one is left behind. On this occasion, allow me to propose three key points. First, all countries in the international community need to ensure the full and timely delivery of climate finance commitments with particular attention to resources for a just transition. This process should be aligned with social security, job creation and support for vulnerable workers and communities. Second, we need to accelerate in more vigorous and substantive manner, the transfer of advanced, clean and efficient technologies to support the development of a green and circular economy, which will help developing countries to bridge the development gaps. Third, the United Nations must continue to play a central role in fostering solidarity, cooperation, trust building, and ensuring equity and justice, and in realizing the objectives of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Paris Agreement on the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities. Developed nations should take the lead in fulfilling their strong commitments to emissions reduction, finance, and technology contributions. They should also initiate and spread new initiatives and solutions, foster dialogues, and connect nations, businesses, social organizations, and citizens worldwide to collectively take actions. Thank you.

Of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. Our next speaker is Her Excellency Hilda Heine, President of the Republic of the Marshall Islands.

President Lula, Deputy Secretary-General, fellow leaders, distinguished participants, I bring warm greetings of from the Marshall Islands. I also bring a demand for us all to wake up. From communities whose hospitals and schools are being destroyed by king tides brought on by sea level rise, whose crops are being devastated by rising temperatures and the salination of our soil, by communities facing the prospect of migration from their homelands, I ask you to wake up. As the iAmbition Coalition said this morning, we cannot silence the science. The NDCs delivered so far do not keep 1.5 in reach. As the ICJ decided, 1.5 is legally binding. It is the only threshold under which countries like mine can keep our people safe and preserve our human rights. In my first week in office this term, my government was forced to declare national emergencies due to devastating flooding and droughts. If we fail to wake up now and end our dependence on fossil fuels, the leaders of every country in this room will be woken up by calls about catastrophes of wildfires, of storms, of heat waves, of starvation and drought, and the lives of our citizens lost as a result. The Marshall Islands is doing its part. We submitted our third nationally determined contribution in February. we committed to emissions reductions by at least 58% by 2035 compared to 2010 levels. Our NDC covers emissions across the country's economy and sets out a path for transitioning away from fossil fuels. In transport, we've drawn on our strong cultural heritage of navigation, to begin transforming our inter-island transport to a low-carbon future. We're strengthening traditional canoe building skills for transport inside our atoll lagoons, training young people in how to build these zero-carbon vessels. For longer inter-island transport needs, we've launched a state-of-the-art cargo hybrid sailing ship, the Juranai. which uses wind and solar energy to reduce emissions by 80%. Our NDC sets out not only how the country will rapidly cut its emissions, but also steps it will take to adapt and build resilience and respond to loss and damage as a result of the climate crisis. But plans on paper mean nothing without the finance to deliver it. We desperately need dedicated finance for adaptation and loss and damage. Fellow leaders, and especially those of you from the G20, if the Marshall Islands can deliver an ambitious NDC, so can you. In fact, as the ICJ decisions confirm, you are legally required to. you must deliver stronger NDCs that can meet 1.5 and say how you will transition away from fossil fuels. The opportunities for our economies and our people and planet's health far outweigh the short-term costs. A decade ago in Paris, the international community came together and offered the world hope. this year against the odds, we must do so again. I thank you.

I thank the President of the Republic of the Marshall Islands. Our next speaker is His Excellency Feleti Teo, Prime Minister of Tuvalu.

Thank you, Madam President. with all protocols duly observed. I thank the Secretary-General for convening this important event at a time when the world needs courage, clarity, and conviction. And it is indeed my greatest honor to share that Tuvalu has in the last couple of days announced its Nationally Determined Contribution, NDC 3.0. This is our strongest pledge yet to the Paris Agreement and to securing a livable future for Tuvalu and for all humankind. As we mark 10 years since the Paris Agreement, this is a defining moment for boldness. Through Tuvalu's NDC 3.0, we raise our ambition to the highest level, showing that even the smallest nation can lead because our survival and that of the planet is on the line. Tuvalu therefore commits to, one, achieving a 100% reduction of emissions from the electricity sector, moving to near zero power generation by 2030; two, cutting total emission from the energy sector by 80% below the 2014 levels by 2035, and free following a zero carbon development pathway by 2050. These will be achieved in a manner that is just and fair and respecting the rights and dignity of every Tuvaluan. Excellencies. Tuvalu's NDC 3.0 is ambitious because our survival demands nothing less, but we cannot act alone. Tuvalu therefore call on major emitters to, one, step up methane action with binding commitment, two, transition away from fossil fuel, three, honor climate finance promises for a just transition, and four, deliver new NDCs aligned with the 1.5 target ahead of the COP30 in Belm to be accompanied by robust implementation strategy. The ICJ advisory opinion on climate change has made it crystal clear that inaction is not just immoral, it is unlawful. Together, we must rise to the challenge of honoring both legal and moral responsibility in safeguarding our shared future and pulling the emergency brake on methanes. Cutting methane is the fastest scalable way to slow global warming, avoiding up to 0.3 degrees centigrade of warming by 2040 and buying critical time for long-term CO2 decarbonization strategies to take effect. The path ahead will not be without challenges, yet with political will and strengthened international cooperation, we can meet them. Let us commit not only to setting ambitious target, but to taking concrete action that ensure a safe and sustainable future for all. I thank you, Madam President.

I thank the Prime Minister of Tuvalu. Our next speaker is His Excellency Andrew Holness, Prime Minister of Jamaica.

Excellencies, I wish to extend Jamaica's support for the work of the COP presidency of Brazil and the UNFCCC ahead of COP30. Climate change is an existential threat to both the livelihoods and environments of communities worldwide, but disproportionately so to SIDS and LDCs. Sobering reports and assessments globally of the current state of the climate have increased the necessity for enhanced adaptation and mitigation measures to confront the challenges and bolster resilience. In Jamaica, the nation is contending with intensifying adverse effects of climate change. Droughts, floods, tropical storms, and hurricanes have already impeded Jamaica's development. 90% of our GDP is generated in close proximity to coastal regions. Robust adaptation measures are not merely preferable but are imperative. Over the past decade, Jamaica has made steady progress in climate action. Yet, as we know, global climate ambition remains below what is required. And countries like ours must lead with both credibility and innovation. Jamaica's journey with our nationally determined contributions reflect this leadership. Our first NDC focused primarily on the energy sector, targeting up to a 10% reduction in emissions. By 2020, Jamaica became the first Caribbean nation and the 11th globally to submit an updated NDC, increasing our ambition with targets of 25.4% unconditionally and 28% conditionally by 2030. We have also broadened our scope to include forestry and land use change, further strengthening our climate leadership. I am proud to announce that Jamaica submitted its further updated NDC 3.0, which is both comprehensive and realistic and further aligns our ambition with action. Jamaica's targets are anchored in existing policies and supported by political will. Key highlights of our NDC include a broader push for renewable electricity, energy efficiency in the water sector, and electric vehicle adoption, targeting 12% of private fleets and 16% of public fleets by 2030. decarbonization in the cement industry by 40 kilotons of CO2, and zero net loss of forest along with mangroves and seagrass restoration. Excellencies, by 2035, Jamaica aims for emission reductions between 26% and 41.7% compared to 2012 levels depending on the scale of international support received. Jamaica is producing an implementation plan for NDC 3.0 that will provide a clear roadmap with sector-specific targets, stakeholder responsibilities, and costing to guide investment and partnership. This is not just a pledge, it is a practical economy-wide strategy for a low-emission, climate-resilient future. In closing, Jamaica reaffirms its commitment as a party to the UNFCCC on climate change and the Paris Agreement. Jamaica remains dedicated to delivering on NDCs with increased ambitions for emissions reduction in mind, while also pursuing just transition, green growth, and a climate-resilient future for all. Jamaica welcomes the support of the international community as it pursues these ambitious goals. I thank you.

I thank the Prime Minister of Jamaica. And our next speaker is His Excellency Sadiq Zappah.

Dear heads of delegations, ladies and gentlemen, Kyrgyzstan makes effort to fulfill its obligations within the global climate agenda. We reaffirm our commitment to the goals of the Paris Agreement as a low emissions country. Last week, we adopted the third nationally determined contributions to fulfill the country's climate change commitments. This document integrates measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and adaptation, including efficient water use, strengthening energy security, developing green transport and sustainable agricultural development. By 2050, we aim to reduce emissions according to the International Climate Municipal proffer by 16%. Our country plans to achieve carbon neutrality and to achieve this goal we intend to implement renewable energy projects including the construction of hydropower electric cloud plants. For example, A project to build one of the largest hydropower plants in the region, the Khambaratta-1 hydroelectric power station, has been launched jointly with neighboring countries. At the same time, Kyrgyzstan is proposing to restructure its foreign debt by exchanging it for the funds of specific green projects. This includes financial projects in the area of ecology and sustainable development to regions, mountainous regions, through the Climate Trust Fund. We invite investors to participate in our green projects, dear participants, as a mountain country. Kyrgyzstan regards the preservation of mountain systems as a shared responsibility of all countries. After all, mountains provide humanity with ecosystem services essential to life, such as food, biodiversity, and energy. And rivers originating in the mountains provide livelihoods for approximately 2 billion people. At the same time, mountain ecosystems, including glaciers, and increasingly experiencing serious negative impact from the climate change. I would like to emphasize that Kyrgyzstan is firmly committed to broad international partnerships to address mountain and climate-related challenges. We call on countries to join the Declaration on Climate, Mountains and Glaciers and become members of the Mountain Negotiation Group under the Convention on Climate Change. We believe the special needs of mountain countries should be fully taken into account in the new global climate finance framework to be adopted at COP30 in Belem. We strongly support continued dialogue on mountain and climate issues within the United Nations. We firmly believe that collective action is essential to prevent global warming, safeguard mountain ecosystem, and ensure the enduring future of humanity. Thank you very much.

I thank the President of the Kyrgyz Republic, and I would now like to welcome to the podium His Excellency William Samoei Ruto, President of the Republic of Kenya.

Excellencies, distinguished guests, ladies and gentlemen, as we approach the 10th anniversary of the Paris Agreement, the political landscape has become more polarized and more uncertain. Yet the urgency of climate action has never been greater. This crisis, ladies and gentlemen, is accelerating with devastating consequences across sectors. It drives instability, weakens economies, and forces many countries to divert very scarce resources from health, education, and social protection into emergency responses. At COP13, Brazil, we must set the highest possible ambition for NDCs, firmly aligned with a 1.5 degrees pathway. That was the spirit of the second Africa Climate Summit, where Africa asserted its agency, spoke with one voice, and demanded that global commitments be honored. Kenya has already acted. Early this year, we submitted our NDC 3.0, bold, economy-wide, and grounded in a whole-of-society approach. Our targets are ambitious, but also hopeful. We offer global solutions for emission reductions at scale if adequate financing is provided. At the same time, endless debate continues over fossil fuel reserves, while our immense endowments in sunlight, wind, and geothermal lies underutilized. This, even as millions still lack electricity and clean cooking solutions. Economic growth, ladies and gentlemen, and climate action are inseparable. Ignore the climate, the development will unravel. Confront the crisis and new pathways for green inclusive growth open. That is why new, predictable and innovative financing must be unlocked. At COP28 in Dubai, building on the Africa declaration of Nairobi declaration, we launched the global solidarities levies task force. A fast breakthrough came this June when eight countries, including Kenya, formed a coalition to introduce solidarity levies on premium class flyers. These initiatives must inform the Baku to Belm roadmap to mobilize the 1.3 trillion that developing countries urgently need. Africa is already stepping up. At this year's Africa Climate Summit, eight leading African financial institutions signed a cooperation framework to unlock US dollars 100 billion in investment capital. At the same time, When the world risks fragmentation and a retreat into transactional politics, Africa is leaning forward to shape its own destiny. We now invite the global community to join us, to stand with us in this noble undertaking. This is the moment to be bolder, to show genuine climate solidarity, and to silence the naysayers. I thank you for your attention.

I thank the President of the Republic of Kenya. Our next speaker is Her Excellency Dina Ersilia Bularte Zegarra, President of the Republic of Peru.

I thank you and good afternoon, everyone. Peru is one of the countries with the greatest degree of biodiversity in the world, thanks to the 39 ecosystems that we have identified throughout our territory. More than 60% of our territory is covered by the Amazon, and we have 68% of tropical glaciers of the world. However, In the last 58 years, climate change has led to the loss of 56% of our total area, affecting the cycle of water at the Amazon, and our ocean as well is suffering from warming and acidification. and this has an impact on the livelihoods of our population. Even though less than 0.5% of global emissions come from Peru, we are highly vulnerable to climate change, and that is why we are calling for a comprehensive climate action which includes effective adaptation accelerated mitigation as well as sustainable development. And at this crucial moment for the world, Peru reaffirms its commitment to the Paris Agreement through the updating of our NDCs that we have called NDC 3.0. And it will be presented during COP30 in Belem in Brazil. Our NDC 3.0 will reflect a renewed ambition towards a resilient future, which will be low in carbon, and this will be done through a participatory process with indigenous peoples, local governments, regional governments, the private sector, and civil society. and mitigation by 2035. Here, we commit to not go beyond the 179 tons of carbon dioxide. We have 76 measures aimed at decarbonization in five sectors, energy, transportation, agriculture, waste, and forests. In adaptation, we prioritize territorial measures in seven areas, water, forests, agriculture, health, fisheries, and agriculture, tourism, and transportation. And we have incorporated migration and green jobs, totaling 84 measures, as well as a component on loss and damage. Peru is ready to take part in comprehensive approaches according to Article 6 of the Paris Agreement. with a national registry of mitigation measures which facilitate investment in decarbonization. Peru is showing that climate action is possible only through political will, respect for multilateralism, and international cooperation. In this way, we can accelerate the solutions for climate change, taking care of our own home, our only home, Earth, Pachamama. Thank you.

I thank the President of the Republic of Peru. Our next speaker is His Majesty King Mswati III, Head of State of the Kingdom of Eswatini.

Madam Moderator, Excellencies, Heads of State and Government, distinguished ladies and gentlemen, It is an honor to address this gathering as climate change threatens humanity and the planet. The Kingdom of Swaziland supports climate action despite our low greenhouse gas emissions. We are highly impacted by climate change, including droughts, floods, landslides, and strong winds, which contributes to the national development burden of adaptation. Despite this, Eswatini comes to this meeting determined to turn vulnerability into resilience. We are pleased to announce that we have concluded and submitted the Paris Agreement compliant NDC 3.0 to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. The Kingdom is among the 10 African countries that met the September 22nd deadline, a significant milestone, thanks to the support of the local UN office and partners. The NDC 3.0 revision process was comprehensive and inclusive, with the greenhouse gas data local driven, providing that we own the process. In forming the process were lessons from NDC 2.0 and meaningful dialogues that produced a powerful, inclusive report. The report aligns with the 2023-28 National Development Plan, the first National Adaptation Plan, and the Long-Term Low Emissions Development Strategy. Eswatini will reform laws and strengthen all institutions to improve capacity, accountability, monitoring, and reporting. Financial constraint prevented NDC 2.0 from meeting its $900 million to $1.5 billion target. Eswatini has only raised about $449 million since 2018. The NDC 3.0, estimated to cost over $2.4 billion U.S., requires scaled up and predictable climate change and predictable climate finance. Thus, we expect stronger collaboration with our partners, including the local private sector, to finance the $2 billion U.S. gap. Eswatini will remain a net carbon sink and reduce 2.24 million tons of greenhouse gas emissions by 2035. We will also invest in climate smart agriculture and technology. Early warning systems, water resource management, waste management, and infrastructure will be improved to protect our most vulnerable society. The just energy transition will promote affordable clean technologies and a low-carbon, climate-resilient economy. Our green finance instruments and incentives align financial flows with climate priorities and attract sustainable investment. To improve risk financing and reporting, we have created a Sendai-aligned disaster risk management fund while continuing to promote renewable energy and digital tools. Technology and capacity building partnerships will accelerate the green and low carbon transition. It is important that finance must match talent and drive. Climate smart technologies should be affordable for farmers homeowners and entrepreneurs after the loss and damage fund is recapitalized. We must all consider innovative internal and external resource mobilization strategies to unlock capital for adaptation and resilience. Otherwise, the Paris Agreement may break its promises. Finally, improving global financial architecture is essential for Eswatini's NDC 3.0 goals. Madam President, about survival and the opportunity, with the right support, Eswatini can turn climate challenges into green growth, food sovereignty, and shared prosperity. I thank you. May almighty God bless us all.

I thank you. Majesty King Mswati, Head of State of Kingdom of Eswatini. Our next speaker is His Excellency Emmanuel Macron, President of the French Republic.

Thank you very much. Distinguished chairs, heads of state and government, ministers, ambassadors, All protocols observed. I will try to get to the brass tacks as quickly as possible because here we all know full well why we're gathered here today. Almost 10 years ago, the Paris Agreement set our common objectives underpinned by science, and I'll get to that later. Across all latitudes of our planet, we see that the consequences of climate change are self-evident And this is all the more clearer today, 10 years on. France, since 2017, has been complying with its carbon budget, and we're living up to our obligations. We're going to continue doing that. You can count on our economy. You can count on our country. My second takeaway is that we must also rise to the occasion at the end of 2025. We know that there are going to be a number of objectives. which we must meet at the COP30 in Belm, and that's very important. And I'd like to express our support to President Lula, all of the negotiators. You have our support. Let's keep it simple. Europeans will be there in Belm, living up to expectations, and France will be defending that meeting. We'll be going down our 2050 carbon neutral climate path. We'll be submitting our nationally determined contribution, our NDCs, underpinned by science, bringing together private and public investment in accordance with the trajectory we've set. And on that note, France supports the establishment of interstate carbon credits, which will be a way of going further, as well as other mechanisms which will allow us to assist our industries as they undergo this transition, making them able to get there. That's what we'll be submitting before the end of the year by November in Belem at the COP30. Aside from the NDCs, I wanted to talk about some of the key goals coming up in the next few months against this context. Progressive phase out of fossil energies. This is something we decided on in Dubai. This is absolutely vital and that's why we need to accelerate our efforts, moving away from carbon in particular. we need to think about previous COPs as we look ahead to the future. So we've established mechanisms to fund this transition, to address the issue of investments that were recently made, so that no one says it'll be a good idea to reopen up carbon-heavy industries. Instead of doing that, instead of backsliding, we need to accelerate the transition. This was said by a previous speaker. We need binding objectives on methane. We know that this is a reachable goal, and we participate. We are participating in the Global Methane Pledge, bringing together 150 countries. I encourage those who haven't yet done so to join our ranks. This is the best way to reduce our emissions, and it's also a G7 priority. We'll be chairing the G7. next year. My third takeaway I wanted to underscore is ecosystem restoration. We know, thanks to the work of the IPCC and IPBES, that there are deep synergies between our fight to limit CO2 emissions and the fight for biodiversity, they're mutually reinforcing. Therefore, and I don't want to take up too much of your time, but that's why we need to forthfully fight to protect our oceans and our primary forests, because these two fights are part and parcel of our efforts to protect biodiversity. Three quarters of the world's biodiversity are located in those primary forests. We have a lot of biodiversity, a wealth of biodiversity in our oceans. So, to protect those primary forests and oceans, they're remarkable carbon sinks. in particular those contained in our primary forests. So we're going to continue taking action on forests. The Belém meeting will be important as we will be hosting up our commitment to the Amazon. France is one of the countries of the Amazon. We have French Guyana, which is located in the Amazon. So we'll be proposing new financing mechanisms so as to further protect the Amazon. Now, we shouldn't We shouldn't forget about Southeast Asia and the Pacific. Think about what's happening in the PNG, in Papua New Guinea, and Africa as well. There are forests there. That's a key objective. Therefore, everything we're going to be deploying, those country packages are absolutely vital if we are to help preserve these forests. We are putting so much money into reforestation, but we also need to preserve existing forests. We're not doing that enough. We need Those countries which have those forests, they might be losing out on economic opportunities by keeping these forests in the ground. So we need for the international community to help those countries. We also want to mention the Nice conference. An enormous collective effort was undertaken. I'd like to thank the UN, all of our partners, something that was spearheaded by us and our friends, Costa Rica. We exceeded the 60% ratification threshold for the BBNJ Treaty. So great progress, but we need to strengthen collective work, protect the high seas. Thanks to the BBNJ, we're now going to be working on implementation of that. The 30-30 Montreal objective. exclusive economic areas, protecting them. And I'd also like to invite you in so much as possible to join the deep sea mining moratorium. That's absolutely essential if we are to preserve biodiversity. So we need to revitalize our efforts. to protect oceans and forests. Also, the fight for financing, an important endeavor for Belem as well. The EU is taking action. We are the world's top donor. 28 billion euros were pledged. That's a quarter of the world's climate finance. France, together with the French Development Agency, is mobilizing 7 billion euros for climate action. We've tripled Our commitment over the last decade will continue to mobilize on international finance. Last but not least, aside from all these timelines, all of this action, what we want to be doing at Belem, the NDCs, and what I just mentioned, we must also continue this method, implementing this method, bringing everyone together, bringing together scientists, governments, companies, and NGOs. This method, part and parcel of it, is the Pact for People and Prosperity, the 4Ps, which brings together 73 states and has come up with innovative initiatives thanks to this mobilization. I'll just mention a few. Kenya, Barbados, Spain, Somalia, Sierra Leone, Antigua and Barbuda, the list goes on. Many countries have committed to improvements in aviation, resilience, innovative financing, that's what it's called. We need to continue forging coalitions to mobilize innovative financing. With the UK, we've created a framework for biodiversity credits and essential mechanisms to achieve what I just mentioned on forests. Pilot projects have already been crafted. We have robust methodology so that we don't repeat the mistakes of the past with carbon credits. We also need to further take into consideration climate vulnerability when allocating development bank financing, and that's the 4P reform, reforming the big banks. To achieve this, we need to keep in mind a few simple principles. No country should have to choose between combating poverty and protecting the planet. Every country should be able to choose their own path. We need to increase fundings funneled to the most vulnerable countries. It's a matter of justice, and it's these countries, these countries which are suffering the most from climate change. We need to mobilize private finance a lot more. That's at the heart of the World Bank and the IMF reforms. This is necessary to ensure we achieve this transition. And last but not least, science should be at the heart of our policies, of the decisions we take. Sometimes we hear narratives to the effect that climate issues, biodiversity, are up for debate. Some people say the science is not clear cut, but I do believe the science is clear. Recognized scientists, eminent scientists, harbor no doubts. We defend open, free science so that we can underpin our decisions with that science and that is why 800 IPCC scientists will be meeting later this year to continue driving ahead this agenda here at the United Nations so that we make good decisions. Thank you very much for your collective efforts. I thank you.

I thank the President of the French Republic and now welcome His Excellency, Tshering Tobgay, Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Bhutan.

I thank the Secretary General for convening this important event and President Lula for his leadership as we prepare for COP30. Excellencies, ladies and gentlemen, I am honored to present a preview from Bhutan's third Nationally Determined Contribution, our enhanced commitment under the Paris Agreement. Bhutan is already carbon negative. absorbing five times more carbon dioxide than we emit, and over 70% of our land is under forest cover. We are determined to stay that way, even as we pursue sustainable growth, tackle poverty, and improve livelihoods. NDC 3.0 sets clear, quantifiable goals for 2035, and is integrated into our 10X economic roadmap and our updated long-term low emission strategy. At its heart lies the Guelphu Mindfulness City, a bold model for low emission, climate resistance, urban development. But our commitment come at a real cost. We forgo hundreds of millions of dollars in revenue every year by not exploiting our natural resources. We spend 3.2% of our GDP on climate and biodiversity, which is among the highest in the world today. We subsidize rural electricity to reduce firewood use and have embedded climate education in our education system. Yet, the effects of the climate crisis are escalating. To cite but just one example, road restoration costs due to climate impact have risen by 112%, diverting much needed funds for urgent development works. Bhutan is doing more than its fair share, but we cannot do it alone. We call on the international community for predictable finance, technology, and capacity support so that we can sustain our neutrality and resilience. Excellencies, ladies and gentlemen, we want COP30 to be the implementation COP, where ambition is translated into delivery. Bhutan will lead by example, submitting NDC 3.0 ahead of COP30 with concrete, actionable targets. Projects like the Gelephu Mindfulness City and our REDD+ initiatives show how even a small, vulnerable nation can pioneer solutions anchored in nature and regenerative development. Excellencies, ladies and gentlemen, I am pleased to announce here that we will launch our NDC 3.0 in Lyar, a nomadic highland community. The village is situated at over 4,000 meters above sea level. By doing so, we highlight the frontline of climate change, melting glaciers, risks of glacial lake outburst floods, biodiversity loss, degraded pastures, and rising human-wildlife conflict. Highland communities all over the world, like Laya, are already living the consequences of climate change and need us to act on their behalf urgently. The time for rhetoric is over. Let us act decisively together. Thank you for your kind attention and Teshidila.

I thank the Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Bhutan. Our next speaker is His Excellency **** Schoof, Prime Minister of the Kingdom of the Netherlands.

Esteemed colleagues, ladies and gentlemen, we are now 10 years on since Paris Agreement.

Ten years of working hard nationally and internationally to limit global warming to 1.5 degrees. I think it's fair to say that much has been achieved, but not enough. We need to pick up the pace as we remain committed to tackling climate change together. Only with a collective level of ambition equal to the scale of the challenge will we be able to deliver a sustainable future for all. More action and more international cooperation is essential. to ensure a livable environment and to secure livelihoods for today's generation and for many generations to come. At the same time, the green transition offers enormous opportunities for attracting investment and stimulating trade in renewable energy, water management, and food security. For us in the Netherlands, climate change and green growth are two sides of the same coin. And as we discussed, the nationally determined contributions on our way to Belem I think we should focus on the second word. We must stay determined. And I assure you, Europe and the Netherlands are determined. Our compliments to all the parties that already have published their new NDCs. We know how much effort has gone into this. EU is preparing a joint NDC so that it can be submitted ahead of the COP30. Our emissions reduction targeted for 2035 will be in keeping with the proposed target for 2040, that will eventually be enshrined in law. As you know, and as you've heard from the Chair of the Commission, the European Commission has proposed a target of 90%. In a union with 27 member states, it's important to allow the democratic process to run its course. We will be in time for Belem, and we will not disappoint the world. Setting targets is the first step. Implementing them is second. And it's only fair to admit that when we talk about a green transition, other interests are at stake as well. So we need to keep a realistic view, a realistic pace, and a realistic discussion because we need everybody, everyone, people and business on board. And I'm happy to tell that the Kingdom of the Netherlands is definitely on board. We offer a world-class knowledge and expertise in areas such as water management, climate smart agriculture, and renewable energy, such as green hydrogen. And we stand ready to work together with other countries and institutions through knowledge sharing, technology transfer, capacity building, and innovative forms of finance. Together, we must close the implementation gap and accelerate the green transition. In conclusion, to reach the outcomes of the global stocktake, we need to be determined. Determined in our commitment to follow through on the agreement we made 10 years ago, and determined to implement our NDCs together. Let us move forward at a faster pace, and let us reaffirm our deep commitment to the Paris Agreement. Thank you.

I thank the Prime Minister of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. Our next speaker is His Excellency Pedro Sanchez Perez Castillon, President of the Government of Spain.

I thank you very much, Excellencies, ladies and gentlemen. Devastating fires have affected Spain this past winter. Almost 400,000 hectares have burned so far this year. And it's more than a dozen states of the United Nations. However, the data is undeniable. And this has been the hottest summer since we've kept records. And the climate emergency is moving forward. And yet the ambition to face it, unfortunately, is backsliding. And this is unacceptable because we have to comply with what we agreed upon and we have to present a new round of NDCs in line with the objective of 1.5 degrees centigrade because our lives depend on it. And we have to redirect the course and the COP30 in Belem is the place to do it. Spain is working with all of the other European partners in order to present an NDC at the European level in line with science and with the objective of reducing 90% of emissions by 2040. We have to move decisively. We can't backslide. And my country is working in three priority areas with respect to climate action, which I would like to share with you now. First of all, financing. We must continue to make concrete steps when it comes to financing to be credible in the fight against climate change. The Sabil commitment and the Sabil platform for actions adopted in the fourth financing for development conference represents a milestone in strengthening international financing. And secondly, the fight against misinformation and disinformation. Disinformation does not only create confusion, it spreads false news, and in the framework of the climate emergency, it places at risk lives and property. And that is why climate disinformation as well is an actor that kills. And today, I'd like to announce that Spain supports the Global Initiative for Informational Integrity on Climate Change. Because it's not simply fighting hoaxes, it's about saving lives. And lastly, and in last place, improving our prevention systems in the light of extreme climate phenomena, which unfortunately will be more frequent and more violent. And this is the reason behind the proposal that I'm making to all of the institutions and this Danish civil society, all of the political parties, to agree on a great state pact in the light of climate change. because the threat that we are facing doesn't recognize ideologies, nor does it stop at borders. And that is why fighting the climate emergency is not an abstract idea. Unfortunately, our citizens, all of us, we must every day face this climate change that is advancing. It's a matter of protecting our houses, our jobs, it's protecting our way of life. Climate change not only kills, it also impoverishes our societies. And if some, for ideological reasons that have nothing to do with science, if they don't feel affected by this, well, at least they should motivate themselves for other people. Thank you.

I thank the President of Spain for his statement. Our next speaker is His Excellency Luis Alberto Arce Catacora, Constitutional President of the Plurinational State of Bolivia.

Thank you very much. Good afternoon, everyone, Excellencies, and all of those who are here. The paradigm, the Western capitalist paradigm, and through postcentric has placed humankind in the greatest challenge to its history, the climate crisis, creating a reality where, paradoxically, developing countries who are not the ones who are guilty of this, we suffer the most serious impacts. All of the countries must assume their commitments to live well in harmony and in balance with Mother Earth. and within the framework of the principles of equity and common but shared responsibilities. Developed countries that have greater responsibilities, historic responsibilities, must take leadership when it comes to resolving the climate crisis and guarantee financing, technology transfer, as well as capacity building for developing countries. The main message of the developed countries that we have heard at this summit must be to achieve carbon neutrality by the latest by the year 2035. One real solution to the climate crisis also has to include the commitment of the United States, the country with the largest global historic emissions, to comply with their climate obligations within the framework of the Paris Agreement. Greenhouse gas emissions in Bolivia are minimal, but we assume our responsibility within the context of the Paris Agreement, and we have presented our NDC. 3.0. However, without climate financing and means of implementation, our commitments will not be able to become a reality. Without a fair transition, an international transition, actions in our countries will always be inequitable and will be limited in achieving our right to development. Bolivia is a victim of the unjust energy transition. Bolivia has drastically reduced its production of fossil fuels and with the lack of a just transition of being an exporting country, now we're importing fossil fuels and we have to devote more resources to pay for the external debt. As a result, there are not global conditions for a just energy transition. Today, Bolivia can affirm that we have taken a historic step forward. On the 15th of July this year, our program for emission reductions due to deforestation promoted by the indigenous government of Charagua and Gambay in our country, it was certified in the UN platform, placing us in the carbon international market with credits of high integrity and indigenous leadership. This milestone not only makes visible the climate vision of the country, but it also shows that we have laid the basis to exceed to climate financing, complying with three of the five conditions, and consolidating state capabilities and community capabilities. With vast forest areas and a potential for mitigation and also social benefits, our model can be replicated at the national level, especially in protected areas, in order to ensure effective protection. We have a registry of programs and projects along these lines, which are being fully developed, and we are moving forward in consolidating them with other management instruments. We are strengthening the protection information systems to guarantee transparency rights. And we will develop a mechanism to redistribute benefits, which is both just and transparent, which favors those who protect forests. We invite international cooperation as well as markets to accompany these sovereign efforts. Bolivia is ready to use measurable results, results of integrity, which would protect the Amazon as well as our entire ecosystem, generating well-being for our peoples and contributing concretely to the global goal of limiting global warming. We have assumed as a country the commitment to carry out significant and drastic reductions in deforestation of the Amazon by 2030 and strengthening the comprehensive conservation of our forests. However, without the provision of financing today and now, this task will be impossible. And that is why we would like to say that the fund for forests led by Brazil, and which will be launched in COP30, this should incorporate the provision of early resources and advanced resources for future results. We welcome the fact that Brazil would be the seat of COP30 in Belem. an emblematic symbol of the Amazon, convinced that multilateralism is the only path to overcome the climate emergency, and that in this COP, the leadership of Brazil will protect the interests of developing countries. Thank you very much.

I thank the constitutional president of Bolivia. Our next speaker is His Excellency Jeremiah Manela, Prime Minister of the Solomon Islands.

Co-chairs, excellencies, ladies and gentlemen, we gather here today at a time when the impacts of climate change continue to define our shared future. Solomon Islands is positioned in a location where the impact of climate change is three times the global average. Climate change is a daily reality. Eroding coastlines, sea level rise, biodiversity loss, and the frequency and intensity of disasters is placing stress on our people, economy, and livelihoods. We face a climate emergency that is not of our making. The NDCs are the cornerstone of the Paris Agreement that can place us on a 1.5 degree Celsius pathway. We are here today to renew our commitment to our people with ambitious climate action. Solomon Islands has done more than its fair share in submitting an ambitious third cycle net positive nationally determined contribution, NDC commitment. Allow me to briefly explain. Our greenhouse gas emissions peaked in 2018 at 861.5 kilotons of carbon dioxide equivalent, excluding removals. Under a business as usual trajectory, our emissions was supposed to increase by 2% by 2035. However, our standing forests is removing greenhouse gases about 30 times more than our combined national greenhouse gas emissions. We are already net positive and determined to strengthen our net positive status. Our ambition can further be enhanced by 17% with new and additional international support in the form of finance, technology transfer, and capacity building. Ladies and gentlemen, our forests serve as carbon sink and currently absorbing approximately 26.3 million tons of carbon dioxide annually. With investments in reforestation and forest conservation, we have the potential to cut emissions by a further 34% reducing projected 2035 emissions to around 798,000 tons per year. In closing, Solomon Islands urge all parties, especially major emitters, those with historical responsibility, to submit new, more ambitious NDCs that are aligned with the 1.5 degree Celsius pathway. COP30 in Belm is opportunity for a recourse. Ambition delayed is 1.5 degree Celsius pathway denied. We must act now with ambition. I thank you for your attention.

I thank the Prime Minister of the Solomon Islands. Our next speaker is His Excellency Alexander Van der Bellen, Federal President of the Republic of Austria.

Thank you.

Excellencies, ladies and gentlemen, we are all seeing the writing on the wall. The temperature increase that is being recorded, plus 1.6 degrees Celsius globally, plus 3.1 degrees in Austria, double the global increase of temperature. The glaciers in Austria are disappearing. Then the wildfires, for instance, in Spain and Portugal, the floods, among others, in Austria one year ago, the rising sea levels threatening small island states in the Pacific. But there are positive messages, too, some small, some bigger. Looking at my own country, Austria, I noticed that for the third consecutive year, the greenhouse gas emissions of Austria have decreased, summing up to a reduction of around 14%. Where there is a will, there is a way, and there is a will in Austria. We do take measures, bigger and smaller ones. For one, we support the presentation of the EU member states' joint NDCs at the COP30 in Belm. Secondly, we are currently finalizing a new climate law, laying the groundwork for our ambition to achieve climate neutrality by 2040, 10 years ahead of the EU's climate target. Thirdly, we will install a new governance structure, including a mechanism to involve state and non-state actors and an advisory board of climate and other scientists. And we have introduced the so-called climate check, ensuring that climate policies are mainstreamed across all sectors of policymaking. The energy transition is in full speed in Austria. On top of our already existing hydropower capacity, there's a rapidly growing wind and solar energy sector, every day taking us a step further towards our goal of 100% green power generation by 2030. And yes, like so many other countries, we also face budgetary constraints. But inaction would end up being far more expensive than investing now in a climate-neutral economy, which is why Austria will continue to contribute appropriately to international climate finance and is actively engaged in the UN climate and security mechanism. Ladies and gentlemen, many other bigger and smaller positive messages are around the corner of some of them we have heard today. And I hope that COP30 in Belem will witness an ambitious coalition of member states willing and ready to change course Austria will be there standing with you. Thank you for your attention.

I thank the Federal President of the Republic of Austria. Our next speaker is His Excellency Americo Ramos, Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and Principe.

Excellencies, heads of state, distinguished delegates, It is a great honor and with great sense of responsibility that I direct my words to this illustrious audience in the name of the people and the government of the Republic Democratic of Sao Tome and Principe. In spite of us having a small area, we reaffirm our commitment to the global response to the climate problem. We are naturally a carbon sink due to the richness of our ecosystems, which cover more than half of our national territory. Nonetheless, we don't limit ourselves to that role. We reaffirm our ambition of net zero as delineated in our national decarbonization plan and reflected in our NDCs 3.0, which will be officially presented before COP30. Allow me to highlight some central measures of our NDC 3.0. We have increased the NDC 2.0 goals for reducing emissions to 27% to 36% by 2035 based on the national inventory of 2018. We have committed to increase the participation of the share of renewables in our grid to up to 50% by 2035, along with robust efficiency measures. NDC 3.0 places adaptation at the center of our activities as far as infrastructure, tourism, biodiversity are concerned, trying to quantify for the first time the costs of adaptation measures. We are strengthening our efforts, including gender equality and including the youth in our efforts. Excellencies, as far as in the name of ecological protection, we are passing law 820, which will prohibit the production of plastic bags, an important measure to end pollution by plastics. We have a national strategy of transitioning us to a blue economy with a plan to make these strategic goals real. We are also renewing our third national plan and strategy for biodiversity, as well as our biodiversity financial plan, to try to reverse the loss of biodiversity and thus guarantee the resiliency of our ecosystems. Our country is ready to explore high-impact initiatives, including the technical -- the Santiago Network to try to deal with losses and damages. We are committed, but we also realize that we will never reach these goals by ourselves. In this context, we realize the Secretary -- we acknowledge the Secretary of the Secretary-General and especially through the climate promise. Sao Tome and Principe is benefiting from technical, the UNDPs, the FAOs, and many other entities who are collaborating with this. We call for all our partners, be they government, private, or from civil society, that they redouble their efforts to reach the ambitious goals of and NDC 3.0 so that we can have concrete results. Together, we can guarantee that small island states and developing states, in spite of their vulnerabilities, can be leader in climate action and can be an example for the rest of the world. Thank you very much.

The Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and Principe. Our next speaker is His Excellency John Brizeno, Prime Minister of Belize.

Thank you very much, co-chairs and excellencies. Belize reaffirms our commitment, our unwavering commitment to the Paris Agreement and the 1.5 degree goal. 1.5 is not an aspiration. It is a threshold between hope and hardship, between flourishing communities and forced displacement, between shared prosperity and irreversible loss. Since our first nationally determined contribution in 2016, we have consistently raised our ambition. Today, our NDC 3.0 charts an even bolder course. strengthening our 2030 targets, and for the first time, setting 2035 target goals aligned with our long-term low emission development strategy. Our NDC 3.0 delivers concrete action, expanding renewable electricity generation from 53% to cover 75% of domestic needs by 2030, and 80% by 2035. by 2035, restoring 25,000 hectares of degraded forest and implementing sustainable land management on 90,000 hectares, or 3% of our land territory by 2030, doubling our carbon sequestration from 2.5 million tons in 2030 to 5.1 million tons in 2035, protecting and restoring 2.5 thousand hectares of mangroves while safeguarding an additional 8,000 hectares. Since submitting NDC 3.0, my government has committed to plant a million trees by 2028. Belize's NDCs 3.0 is expanding marine biodiversity protecting and protection to cover 30% of Belize's ocean by 2026, and driving emissions reductions across energy, waste, and agriculture. But let me be clear, ambition can only succeed if matched by support. For small climate vulnerable nations like Belize, this means scale up, predictable finance, accessible technology, and genuine partnerships. The science is unforgiving. The window for 1.5 degrees Celsius is closing rapidly. Belize will continue to lead with ambition, but the success of our NDC 3.0 and the global goal of 1.5 degrees Celsius depends on all of us acting with unprecedented urgency, solidarity, and climate justice. Thank you.

The next speaker is His Excellency Faustin-Archange Touadja, President of the Central African Republic.

Excellencies, ladies and gentlemen, it is an honor and a great responsibility for me to speak on behalf of the Central African Republic here in this Chamber, where the future of humanity hangs in the balance. My country, located in the heart of Africa, portrays the brutal reality of climate change, drought, flooding, deforestation, biodiversity loss. All of the above are intensifying year in, year out, making people already poverty-stricken more vulnerable, people who are suffering food insecurity and humanitarian crises. The Central African Republic, although it's one of the smallest emitters of greenhouse gases, is paying a disproportionate price through the crises which we didn't contribute to. This situation compels us to take the floor to recall that climate justice and global solidarity should be turned into deeds instead of simply remaining good intentions. Excellencies, we know that the world has fallen behind. Two months remain before the COP30. Only 40-odd countries, however, have submitted their renewed NDCs. And this despite the fact that scientists are recalling the urgency of maintaining the 1.5 degrees objective. The big emitters responsible for 80% of emissions have not yet submitted responses in keeping with the challenges we face. Piecemeal solutions are insufficient. History shows that we can undergo transformation, and the COP is an opportunity for us to deliver measurable results, to deliver results for our people. The Africa region is taking action with the support of the World Bank and the Global Environment Fund. We have launched the project aimed at promoting resilient infrastructure. This project is nature-based. It will strengthen urban resilience in Beberati and Bangui. Specifically, it will benefit 300,000 people. It will create 3.5 thousand green jobs, especially for women and young people. That's what it means, moving from commitments to results. Furthermore, we have a national strategy for the sustainable management of 7 million hectares, which are well protected, and some of them on the UNESCO Intangible Heritage List. It's not just about conservation. This is our direct contribution to striking a global climate equilibrium. Ladies and gentlemen, in September of last year, in Addis Ababa, at the African Summit, the African Climate Summit, Africa spoke with one voice. Accelerating climate solutions and financing for green and resilient development is what we called for. The Central African Republic is unswervingly committed to the above. We are promoting homegrown, inclusive solutions that are rooted in our communities. We are calling for equitable, direct and streamlined access to climate financing, climate financing, which is currently inaccessible and far too complex for vulnerable countries. We also want to swiftly see the operationalization of the loss and damage fund so that frontline countries can address the disasters threatening their very survival. Our ambition is clear cut. We want resilient green cities. We want to use nature to protect us. to ensure that we can resist climate shocks. We want to build low carbon economies that generates jobs and hope for our young people. We want climate governance that's equitable and inclusive, in which all citizens become agents of the transition. However, to get there, we need much more than pronouncements. We need climate integrity, consistency between what we say here and what we do back in our countries. Excellencies, partners, history is looking at what we do. Any delays, any missed deadlines results in lives lost, in generations sacrificed. The Central African Republic would like to reiterate our commitment to being a resolute actor of the fight for our climate. And we'd like to underscore that a fight waged by one country is not enough. What is called for is real operational global solidarity. We do not have the right to be indifferent. We no longer have the right to the status quo. We have a shared but differentiated responsibility. through which we can transform this crisis into an opportunity, an opportunity to build a fair, low-carbon, and sustainable future for all. Ladies and gentlemen, thank you for your kind attention.

Thank you, Central African Republic. The next speaker is His Excellency Gaston Browne, Prime Minister of Antigua and Barbuda.

Thank you very much, co-chair, distinguished ladies and gentlemen, colleagues. For small island developing states, global decarbonization is not optional. It is a matter of justice. For over a century, the fossil fuel economy concentrated wealth and power in a few nations and industries. Those who profited most should now shoulder the cost of rapid, orderly, and fair transition. This is the polluter pays principle in action. Antigua and Barbuda has endorsed the Fossil Fuel Treaty Initiative to create a rules-based phase-out of coal, oil, and gas, backed by finance and technology. Climate change is a threat multiplier. It magnifies every vulnerability and accelerates every injustice. The farmer without irrigation loses his crop entirely. The fisher without insurance loses his boat and livelihood. Meanwhile, the large polluters rebuild and even expand. Across the Caribbean, the Pacific, and Africa, loss and damage is not a projection. It is our daily reality. For SIDS, holding a line at 1.5 degrees is non-negotiable. It is quintessential to our survival. Science confirms that fossil fuel emissions are contributing to climate change and that an overshoot of the 1.5 degrees will trigger irreversible damage. Law, to include the advisory opinions, tell us that it is a binding benchmark not a bargaining chip. Morality tells us that we cannot abandon it. Every fraction of a degree beyond 1.5 multiplies injustice. Stronger storms, higher seas, deeper loss and damage. Attribution science proves that the consequences of floods, storms, droughts, heat waves, and sea level rise destroying our countries are a direct consequence of emissions. emissions that we did not create. Attribution science also provides the evidence to hold the large polluters accountable. And I say to this august body that if diplomacy fails, then we should use the courts to hold these large polluters accountable. Without the attribution science, loss and damage risk would be dismissed as charity rather than recognized as responsibility. The global finance system remains unfit for purpose. IFIs and multilateral banks are not as responsive as they ought to be. Adaptation, for example, will cost up to 387 billion US dollars annually, and loss and damage already runs in the hundreds of billions. However, the climate funding for adaptation and mitigation remains grossly inadequate, And there is little funding available to fuel the urgent transition needed. Fairness demands equitable participation in the transition to include access to quality technologies, durable, efficient, low-carbon solutions at cost comparable to fossil fuels, protection from unfair burdens, finance at scale, that is concessional financing, primarily non-debt creating flows for renewable energy, clean transport, and resilient infrastructure. And it also requires capacity building, that is investments in people and institutions to sustain a net zero future. Colleagues, Antigua and Barbuda's National Adaptation Plan charts a clear path, and our updated NDC this year will move us closer to a green, resilient future. From survival to justice, that is our call today. Let us treat the 1.5 degree limit as a lifeline, not as a line in the sand. Let us make the polluter pays principle the foundation of a fair transition. And let us act not tomorrow, but today, so that the smallest and most vulnerable nations among us are not left to face the greatest storms alone. Finally, Let us continue to fight to accelerate the transition to renewables in protecting our planet and certainly in the interests of all of humanity. I thank you.

Thank you, Antigua and Barbuda. The next speaker is His Excellency Sitiveni Liga Mamata Rabuka, Prime Minister of the Republic of Fiji.

Co-Chair, Excellencies, I apologize for the very long name. It is an honor to address you today and to present the content of Fiji's third NDC. Fiji's revised NDC response with the appropriate scale of actions and across its element demonstrates a leveling up of our vision and our commitment. Fiji has pledged to increase our energy sector emissions reduction the reduction target from 30 to 36 percent. Your Excellencies, ONDC is our prospectus to support access to the means of implementation, the finance and technology, and the expertise required to supplement our resources. Fiji is firmly committed to harnessing indigenous forms of energy and the phasing out of fossil fuel use. We also target to produce 100 percent of our electricity from renewable energy sources by 2035. Fiji's revised NDC is more than a requirement under the Paris Agreement. Realistically, the scale of our nation's goals and their achievability depend heavily on the NDCs and the actions of major global players and emitters. The ICJ advisory opinion confirmed that states have a binding obligation to act in line with science, fairness, and equity. Large polluters must take responsibility, substantial and rapid and sustainable measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The advisory was also clear Non-proliferation of fossil fuels should be a priority in order to keep within the 1.5 degrees Celsius goal. COP30 in Belm must be the turning point with ambitious yet feasible NCDs. Sorry, NDCs. I urge my fellow leaders, you ladies and gentlemen, to take courage with the political will, the resources, and relentless drive to do what is right, what is right for humanity, for a sustainable future for all of us. Thank you very much.

Thank you, Republic of Fiji. The next speaker is His Excellency Alar Karis, President of the Republic of Estonia.

Thank you, Co-Chair, honored colleagues, ladies and gentlemen. Climate change is the greatest challenge of our time. It destroys homes, livelihoods, and ecosystems while fueling instability and insecurity. COP30 in Brazil must be a turning point with strong action plans aligned with the Paris Agreement. Ten years after its adoption, we now see real progress in clean technologies, competitive industries, and opportunities for a just transition. Excellencies, Estonia is fully committed to climate neutrality by 2050 and to multilateral climate cooperation. We have already reduced emissions by 63% compared to 1990, showing our determination to meet future goals. As part of EU, our NDC for COP30 reflects with strong commitment and responsibility to secure our nature and climate. Tripling renewable energy production by 2030, as agreed during COP28 in Dubai, is the most effective way to reduce emissions. Once dependent on oil shale, Estonia now generates around 40% of its electricity from renewables, with solar capacity growing 25 times in just five years. By 2035, we aim for 80% clean electricity. Together with Finland and Latvia, we are building new electricity connections to support renewable energy. We will soon adopt the Climate Resilience Economy Act, aligning climate, economic, and nature policies. By law, 30% of land and sea will be protected, and the new vehicle tax is already steering drivers towards cleaner cars. Colleagues, innovation is central to our approach. Estonia developed smart rainwater system to reduce flood risks and applies digital and responsible AI tools for smart energy, precision agriculture, and climate monitoring. These strengthen resilience and evidence-based policymaking. As new technologies can also sometimes bring along environmental impacts and dependencies, the green transition must remain sustainable. Estonia shares our technical and digital expertise globally and contributes 1.5 million euro annually to developing countries to tackle climate change. Yet, nearly 20% of the world still lacks electricity and over 2 billion people rely on polluting cooking fuels that harm both health and the environment, mostly in sub-Saharan Africa. With solar and wind now affordable, clean energy must reach everyone. Finally, Russia's war against Ukraine reminds us that conflict intensifies environmental destruction and global insecurity, with constant bombardments poisoning ecosystems and harming health. Climate change or climate action is therefore also a peace and security issue. Thank you very much for your attention.

Thank you, Republic of Estonia. The next speaker is His Excellency Jose Ulysses Correia e Silva, Prime Minister of Republic of Cabo Verde. You have the floor.

Cabo Verde. Thank you. Cape Verde is an African place. It's in the group of countries that produces very few carbon emissions and suffers a lot of impact of the climate change. The hurricanes that affect the US were going to affect the US and in the island of St. Vincent was affected. Torrential rains caused sudden floods, loss of life, displacement of families, destruction of infrastructure, and several million dollars of damage. These are increasingly frequent extreme meteorological phenomena. warning about the urgency of strengthening resilience and protecting lives. Like other countries, we are at the forefront to be preparing our NDC 3.0, which will be issued at the end of October. Our goal is to achieve is to accelerate the just transition, protect the most vulnerable people. We are going to align ambition with credibility, results, and accountability. We want to accelerate the energy transition. Our goal is to achieve more than 50% of electricity produced through renewable energy by 2030 and to get to more than 80% in 2024. It's a simple initiative but costs money, like public lighting, 100% on LED. This This reduces consumption in 30% and reduces carbon emission by 1,300 tons per year. This transition is positive on the balance sheet. It's a positive impact. in terms of the energy resources and in carbon emission. The energy transition is not an ideological matter and it's not a doctrine matter, especially regarding those that defend ecosystem questions. It has a social impact, an environmental impact, and We need adaptation centered in people and science. In terms of water, we have ecosystems, land ecosystems, and maritime ecosystems. We have priorities to these systems. People with deficiencies. along the shore or communities along the interior, we will give assistance to them. The next round of NDCs will only comply with the Paris Agreement if it is accompanied by means compatible with urgency, especially for adaptation. We have internal resources to face emergencies. So what happened in Sao Vicente, we have an emergency fund, a national emergency fund that mobilized more than $10 million, but it won't be enough because we will be more resilient, and more resiliency demands more investment. Thank you very much.

His Excellency Philip Edward Davis, Prime Minister of the Bahamas, you have the floor.

Your Excellencies, thank you, Mr. Chair. Colleagues, we are at an inflection point in our planet's history. As we mark the 10th anniversary of the Paris Agreement, we have a choice. Advance ambitious climate action plans for the sake of people and our planet, or retreat, sacrificing lives, livelihoods, cultures, and biodiversity. Six days ago, on leaving my country, we were being threatened by a hurricane called Gabriel. Thankfully, we were spared. As I stand here at this very moment, there are two systems that are threatening my country, AL3 and AL94, and each of them have been predicted to be impacting my islands. The frequency and intensity of hurricanes is real. It's no hoax. It's not a con job. The 1.5 degree Paris temperature goal is on life support, and our actions ahead of COP30 and beyond will give it the opportunity to either survive or we accept that we have come to the end of a singular call for the hope of humanity. It is clear that some of the most ambitious nationally determined contributions in the world are from developing countries, particularly small island developing states, and notably in the Caribbean region. And while small island developing states emit less than 0.01% of greenhouse gases, the ambitious climate action goals we set out in our NDCs are being proposed not only to curb emissions, but to build in adaptation, climate resilience, and sustainable development co-benefits. However, the means of implementing our NDCs are largely conditionally based on the availability of financial resources, largely from international partners. And despite limited finances, we in the Bahamas have taken the approach to be solution-oriented in the fight against climate change. In our pre-2030 NDCs, the Bahamas established a goal of reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 30% by 2030. This goal is being driven by increasing the provision of renewable energy sources by 30% and addressing technological advancements in the transportation sector by setting a target of electric vehicles to represent 35% and hybrid vehicles representing 15% of vehicle sales by the year 2030. Our preliminary data has shown that my government's efforts via our new energy policy, which focuses on Energy efficiency upgrades, utility scale solar power in our nation's capital, new hybrid grids in our family of islands, and deployment of modern technology will result in our country exceeding our 2030 renewable energy goal by 2% with 32% renewable energy penetration across our archipelago. The Bahamas is keen to accelerate its new trajectory in the energy and transportation sectors to robust and ambitious measures for NDC 3.0. We have taken steps to support these advancements with policy and legislative measures that clearly outline the need for sustainable development, resilient infrastructure, and provision of government-driven incentives to support private sector investments. And while these efforts are notable, Our updated 2022 NDC has shown an imbalance in climate finance inflows into the Bahamas. Nearly $155 million was received between 2010 and 2020, with $140 million earmarked for mitigation actions and $15 million for adaptation. We have shown a willingness to document our priorities. outline our plans, secure partnerships, and make legislative and policy changes, but adaptation has to be better supported by international partners, and it must be balanced. We are a small country, but we punch above our weight, because we know that protecting our climate will ensure a future for our islands and our people. We not only have a moral duty, for a legal imperative to address climate action as a global community. The Bahamas remain committed to the Paris Agreement to advancing ambitious climate action plans and submitting our NDC 3.0 ahead of COP30 in Belm. I recall on other parties to do the same. As I've said before, the time for business as usual is over. The time for bold, transformative action is now. So, let us seize this moment together to save our planet and our humanity. Thank you.

Thank you, Bahamas. The next speaker is His Excellency Wesley Simina, President of the Federated States of Micronesia. You have the floor.

Thank you, co-chairs, your excellencies, ladies and gentlemen. Debating whether climate change is real or not is a distraction and a waste of precious time we do not have. For small island developing states like Micronesia, it is a crisis we live with every day. The impacts are constant, king tides, storms,

Droughts, saltwater intrusion, and shifting rainfall devastate our 600-plus islands, threaten our water and food security, and endanger our ancestral sites. Last year, severe droughts forced us to declare a state of emergency, showing how quickly circumstances can turn dire at the frontline of this crisis. Yet the global response lags far behind the science. While the facts are clear, why is urgent action still missing? Humanity continues to face disaster after disaster. And for small island nations like ours, the devastation is catastrophic. Micronesia has never shied away from climate leadership. We called early for a face down of harmful chemicals, was first to sign the PBNJ treaty and help lead the global methane pledge. Our new NDC and methane roadmap to be launched at COP30 renew this commitment with pathways grounded in science. But this require solidarity. for no country can meet the challenge alone. Future generations deserve a tomorrow that is healthy and resilient. We owe it to them to curb emissions, scale up ambition, and nurture leadership. Limiting fossil fuel use is not enough. The FASM continues to call for a fossil fuel nonproliferation treaty. and welcomes invitation from Colombia to host the first international conference on the equitable phase out of fossil fuels. To keep 1.5 alive and secure our survival, we must act now for us today and for all generations to come. I thank you.

Thank you, Federated States of Micronesia. The next speaker is His Excellency, Alain Maeya Halemna, Prime Minister of the Republic of Chad. You have the floor.

Thank you, Chair, Excellencies, distinguished heads of state and government, distinguished delegates, ladies and gentlemen, I'm taking the floor on behalf of Marshal Debiet Nou. President of the Republic and Head of State of Chad, on behalf of the people of Chad, these millions of women, men, and children facing a vital emergency that is climate change. This is a country in the Sahel at the heart of Africa that is currently facing the realities of climate change. In my country, lakes are drying up, villages are emptying out, The soil is exhausted and our youth are being forced into exile, not by their choice, but due to the instinct for survival. Lake Chad, which used to feed our land and communities, fed by four basins, has in 50 years lost more than 80% of its surface area. This gradual disappearance of the lake has destroyed our natural ecosystems and has impoverished millions of inhabitants, as well as contributed to fueling conflict over access to natural resources. This is a climate challenge that comes in addition to other threats that are just as implacable. The persistent threat of Boko Haram in the Lake Chad Basin. which has already been impoverished by drought and is suffering from flooding. Thousands of inhabitants have to flee their villages to escape the violence caused by Boko Haram, thus suffering a double punishment from climate change and terrorism. In light of this dual suffering, Chad cannot fight single-handedly, and yet we are alone. Our NDC which was updated in 2021, demonstrates our commitment to reducing our greenhouse gas emissions to 19.3% by 2030 compared to the baseline, while stepping up our climate resilience. Currently, we are revising our NDC 3.0 in order to better adapt and to reduce our emissions. Distinguished participants, you will agree that the protection of populations from the effects of climate change is both a humanitarian imperative and a crucial action to ensure sustainable development in our communities. Through this prism, Chad will be presenting an updated roadmap based on four major pillars. First of all, establishing a single window for vulnerable situations within climate financial institutions in order to expand eligibility criteria that are adapted to our realities. Second, to integrate the climate peace security nexus and all financing mechanisms recognizing that climate investments contribute to conflict prevention. Thirdly, increasing the number of national platforms for innovation in order to help vulnerable countries to fully develop their own transformation. Fourth, upholding climate commitments by adapting mechanisms to the reality of vulnerable contexts. In Chad, we refuse to sit idly by and suffer. We continue to act for the planet. In 2030, we would like to see in Chad a great green wall, an environmental and ambitious project to protect our lands and our communities. They will be prepared and warned in advance of natural disasters. then every child will be able to be born and grow up in a safe, sustainable environment. To achieve this vision, international solidarity must be translated into immediate and tangible action. Together, we can make COP30 a historic turning point when climate ambitions become drivers for growth. as well as an anchor for strategic alliances and a demonstration that multilateralism works when it is supported by ambition and implementation. Thank you.

Thank you, Republic of Chad. The next speaker is His Excellency James Marape, Prime Minister of the Independent State of Papua New Guinea. You have the floor.

Thank you very much. Excellency Secretary General, Excellency President Lula, I know both of them are absent, but the system is registering our conversation. I want to thank them for hosting this important session. Colleagues, ladies and gentlemen, let me firstly acknowledge the leadership of United Nations and the Secretary General for always championing the climate change action and climate justice. I thank also President Lula and Brazil for convening this timely meeting as we head towards COP30, and I reaffirm Papua New Guinea's support. As a forest and ocean nation, we stand with Brazil for COP30, and we equally offer our support for Australia's bid for COP31 so that the world recognizes the central role that forests and oceans play in climate change mitigation. Papua New Guinea is both a victim of climate change, but also equally a provider of solutions. As custodians of world's third largest forest, tropical rainforest, I beg your pardon, and vast oceans which are host or houses 7% of world's biodiversity, we are one of planet Earth's greatest natural carbon sink. Despite our small carbon footprint, We will join Brazil at COP30 to advocate that the big polluters and high-emission industries must pay for forest and ocean nations to keep our trees standing and our corals alive. It is the forests and the oceans in their natural state that will maintain the carbon balance required for life on Earth. At home, Papua New Guinea, we are doing our part through our enhanced NDC. We are scaling up renewable energies. We are also working to commit to net zero deforestation by 2030. We are also finalizing a blue national carbon policy to safeguard our mangroves, our seagrass, our coastal ecosystems, and our biodiversity. We are also reinvesting in climate-resilient infrastructure and early warning systems for our people. But ambition requires resources. For Papua New Guinea, the cost of delivering our commitment is estimated to the cost of 7.7 billion by 2030. We therefore call for scale of finance, technology transfer, and stronger global partnerships. We thank the Green Climate Fund for their commitment to support and the remittance of fund to support some of the programs in Papua New Guinea. At COP30, we need to launch a pub- public private partnership in a view, uh, to fulfill paragraph 34 of the global s- stocktake that talks about reversing global deforestation by 2030. That goal will never be achieved unless we dramatically scale up finance now. We need this on the COP30 agenda, and it must be launched in Belem. In conclusion, Papua New Guinea joins Brazil and other forest nations in offering both our forests and oceans a solution to the climate crisis. Together, let us ensure a resilient, prosperous, and sustainable future for our children and generations to come. I thank you all.

Thank you, Papua New Guinea. The next speaker is His Excellency Terrence Michael Drew, Prime Minister of Saint Kitts and Nevis. You have the floor.

Thank you very much. Your Excellencies, Secretary-General, let me thank you for this most important meeting. Excellency President Lula of Brazil, next President of COP30, you can count on Saint Kitts and Nevis for its support. Excellencies, colleagues, friends, all, as we gather today under the shadow of rising temperatures, escalating climate disasters, and widening ambition gaps, two tropical storms now churn ominously in the Atlantic. For small island developing states like mine, This is a relentless reality. Just last year, our Caribbean neighbors in Grenada and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines endured devastating impacts. And even as we speak, families across the region remain in a state of anxious watchfulness because in our part of the world, hurricane season doesn't just bring storms, it brings a threat of lost lives, lost livelihoods, and lost decades of development. This is a story we know too well. And yet, what is most striking is not the frequency of disaster, but the scarcity of adequate response. We are not as victims, but as defenders of humanity, as leaders of nations that have contributed the least to this crisis, but stand to lose the most. We come as stalwart advocates for climate justice and equitable development. At its core, the choice before us is one of justice. Mr. Secretary-General, we hear your call. We share your sense of urgency. And though our contribution to global emissions is negligible, our commitment is undeniable. As of September 2025, the internal drafting of our national determined contribution 3.0 is nearly complete. We expect to launch stakeholder consultations in October of this year and to finalize and submit our updated NDC ahead of COP30 in Brazil. The updated national greenhouse gas inventory, the final critical component, is also on track for completion with international support by late October. We are developing our NDC 3.0 in tandem with a comprehensive national adaptation plan, a fully integrated, inclusive, and evidence-based process supported by partners such as Climate Analytics, the NDC Partnership, and the Caribbean Community Climate Change Center through a US $2.99 million GCF readiness fund. Our targets are sector-specific and anchored in national development priorities. In agriculture, our climate-smart agriculture project is underway. In health, we are partnering with PAHO and World Health Organization to climate-proof our healthcare infrastructure. In marine and coastal ecosystems, we are expanding marine management areas and advancing aquaculture development. In tourism, a revised sector strategy is being finalized by mid-2026. In education, Climate literacy will be mainstreamed across the school system next year. In energy, geothermal energy remains our greatest hope, along with solar energy and wind energy. We mean business. Our governance framework is being transformed to reflect the full spectrum of climate ambition, from mitigation to adaptation to loss and damage. Colleagues, Excellencies, We urge our partners in the Global North to act as well, to act with urgency. Let this gathering, therefore, be remembered as a turning point and a moment when the world finally did what it had to do, what it had promised, which is to stand up for those who have long stood on the front line of climate change. Thank you.

Thank you, Sankit Sinivas. The next speaker is His Excellency Kashim Shittima, Vice President of the Federal Republic of Nigeria. You have the floor.

President of the General Assembly, Secretary-General, Excellencies, ladies and gentlemen, it is a profound honor to address this pivotal dialogue on climate change at a moment when our planet stands at a crossroads. The climate emergency demands not just words, but courageous and sustained leadership. For Nigeria, a country acutely vulnerable to climate impacts, climate action is not a choice. It is an existential necessity. Mr. President, to mobilize resources, we have undertaken significant domestic reforms. We have simplified and modernized our tax laws to ease compliance, remove unproductive fossil fuel subsidies, reduce burdens on households and businesses, and enhance revenue efficiency. At the same time, we are strengthening our business environment through legislation and policies that improve the ease of doing business to attract private capital and expand opportunities for investment in clean energy and sustainable infrastructure. In March 2025, we launched the Nigeria Carbon Market Activation Policy, which establishes a robust framework for high-integrity emissions reductions while positioning Nigeria as a credible hope for Article 6 voluntary and compliance carbon markets. Through this mechanism, our target is to mobilize up to $2.2 billion by 2030 in high-quality credits and related investments. Mr. President, We are under no illusion. No country can tackle the climate crisis alone. Like other developing nations, Nigeria requires significant support to implement effective mitigation and adaptation strategies. We therefore call on international financial institutions, notably the World Bank, IMF, and African Development Bank, to scale up financing for climate action. Likewise, developed countries must honor their climate finance commitments including the $100 billion annually pledged under the Paris Agreement. As a demonstration of our unwavering commitment, Nigeria has updated its Nationally Determined Contributions, NDC 3.0, in line with UNFCCC guidance. This enhanced NDC reflects greater ambition, integrating medication, mitigation, and adaptation measures to safeguard our people, protect ecosystems, and accelerate inclusive growth. It was formally submitted to the UNFCCC Secretariat on September 21st. This NDC 3.0 departs from the business as usual approach to an absolute economy-wide emission reduction, our highest ambition level to date. The targets are better defined and will be supported by an investment plan to accelerate its implementation. Nigeria's NDC 3.0 commits to significantly increasing mitigation and adaptation ambitions would clear a target compared to NDC 2.0. Within the LULUCF sector, Nigeria aims to lower the deforestation rate by 60%, which offers a substantial mitigation potential of 304.8 metric CO2 equivalent, while also pursuing a mitigation potential of 34.4 Mt CO2 equivalent by increasing forest area through reforestation and afforestation. Increasingly, adaptation, the adoption and use of cleaner energy systems, especially in manufacturing and industries. We are increasing captive generation capacity using clean-up wheels by installing 7 GW, 50% renewable and 50% natural gas for a practical energy mix plan on our journey to net zero by 2060. electrifying key sectors such as public transport, industry, and others, while implementing national energy efficiency standards to deliver absolute reductions in energy density intensity by 2030. Five, advancing decarbonization pathways for oil and gas, mining, cement, and other heavy industries with transparent annual reporting and accountability mechanisms. And six, for the first time, health, and action for climate empowerment have been included as priority sectors in our NDC 3.0, demonstrating our commitment to an economy-wide climate governance. On adaptation and resilience, we are scaling climate-smart agriculture to reach 5 million smallholder farms by 2030, increasing yields by 20 to 30%, and expanding drought-resistant crops. We are building resilient infrastructure, integrating early warning systems, climate-informed urban planning, and resilient housing to reduce climate-related damages by 50%. We plan to restore mangroves, forests, and wetlands to enhance carbon sinks by 200 metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent cumulatively by 2030, while protecting biodiversity and livelihoods. Nigeria aims to lower the deforestation rate by 60 percent. And to deliver on these commitments, Nigeria is mobilizing U.S. dollar 20 to $25 billion in climate finance by 2030, including green bonds, blended finance, and public-private risk-sharing mechanisms. We aim to unlock at least 7 to 10 billion U.S. dollars in grants and concessional finance from global partners, while promoting technology transfer regional energy integration, and green entrepreneurship to drive inclusive growth. Institutionally, Nigeria has established a National Council on Climate Change, supported by a cross-ministerial secretariat to ensure coherence, accountability, and measurable results. We have adopted a transparent monitoring, reporting, and verification system aligned with global best practices to track progress annually. Already, solar mini-grids power over 150 rural communities, while nature-based solutions have reduced flood damage by over 40% in coastal areas, improved fisheries, and sequestered carbon. Mr. President, finally, Nigeria's climate action is anchored on social equity. Women, youth, Persons with disabilities, indigenous peoples, and vulnerable communities are at the heart of our transition. Social protection, reskilling, and just transition programs are in place to ensure that no one is left behind. We therefore call on global partners to scale up concessional finance, knowledge sharing, and technology transfer to accelerate not just Nigeria's transition, but Africa's contribution to a safer, more sustainable world. In closing, Mr. President, let me raise a palm. For Nigeria, climate action is not a trade-off between growth and sustainability. It is the pathway to sustainable growth, innovation, security, and shared prosperity. We stand ready to work with all partners, to lead where necessary, and to deliver because the time for climate action is now. I thank you for your audience.

Thank you, Nigeria. We now move on to interventions from ministers, and interventions are limited to two minutes. The next speaker is His Excellency Dion George, Minister of Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment. You have the floor.

Excellencies, colleagues, every country on this planet has a responsibility to act to prevent the further warming of our planet and the devastation caused by climate change. South Africa is determined to play its part, informed by the principle of common but differentiated responsibility and respective capability. In line with the Paris Agreement, guided by its national circumstances, South Africa will strengthen its commitment to the multilateral climate process. South Africa is currently completing its second nationally determined contribution document for the period of implementation from 2031 to 2035. In determining its NDC, South Africa has demonstrated ambition. It has also identified eight adaptation goals that are related to the sustainable development goals. The aim is to enhance the resilience of local communities against climate impacts. The draft NDC document further presents and positions the importance of having to plan for loss and damage, impacts and associated escalate- escalating costs. It presents a case for increased access to financial support, including technology transfer and capacity building. On just transition, the draft NDC document prioritize a fair, just and equitable transition that enables social inclusion. South Africa submitted its first biennial transparency report in December 2024 and remains committed to report and account on progress made in line with Paris Agreement requirements. To make this progress meaningful, it is essential that all countries honour their commitments to reduce emissions and ensure sufficient support to countries that are most vulnerable to the effects of climate change. Thank you.

Thank you, South Africa. The next speaker is His Excellency Ruslan Edalgeriev, Aide to the President and Special Representative on Climate of the Russian Federation. You have the floor.

Distinguished Chair, distinguished colleagues, the Russian Federation takes a responsible approach toward climate action. We view the UNFCCC and the Paris Agreement as a robust foundation for long-term climate governance. Today, I have the honor of announcing that Russia is presenting its latest and more ambitious updated NDC. By 2035, we plan to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to between 65% and 67% of 1990 levels. Once again, we affirm the firmness of our commitment to attaining carbon neutrality by 2060. We emphasize that Russia has moved from strategy to practical implementation, creating a reliable national architecture for decarbonization that prioritizes active visualization and electrification, creating new high tech industries and highly productive jobs. First of all, we are testing the most cutting-edge tools. In the province of Sakhalin, we've launched a regional experiment for carbon credits for the largest emitters. As a result, the region has achieved carbon neutrality ahead of schedule. This success proved the effectiveness of our approach and can serve as a model for future upscaling of carbon regulation. Secondly, we have created a transparent and functional infrastructure for involving the private sector in reduction of greenhouse gases and increasing carbon capture. We've established a registry of carbon credits, established a national-adopted national climate standards, and implemented international ISO standards. We have an institute for accreditation of bodies that certify greenhouse gas emissions. This creates a predictable environment for climate projects by businesses. Russia is presenting its new NDC under unprecedented sanctions pressure, a massive amount of illegal technological, trade, economic, and financial restrictions have been leveled. First and foremost, this concerns industries with the largest greenhouse gas emissions, which seriously limits access to necessary resources and technologies. Despite the unilateral actions of the West, Russia continues to make progress in the Paris Agreement's implementation. We note that the climate negotiations process is undergoing a crisis. In this situation, the UN can play a crucial role, balancing interests of different groups of countries. I emphasize here that this is only possible through taking an impartial and objective position. Further progress will depend on finding a balance when implementing the entire set of measures, which is possible when certain conditions are met, including ensuring the principle of technological neutrality. That means not discriminating between reductions achieved by different means, including through low carbon, nuclear energy and hydropower. We need to have equal access to international verification infrastructure, as well as effective development of international cooperation. The Russian Federation is currently facing barriers and external economic restrictions, including when it comes to access to foreign equipment, technology services, capital markets and carbon credits, which runs counter to the Paris Agreement spirit. I hope that all will understand and take a protective approach and that they'll be able to work productively at the upcoming COP30 in Belm. Thank you.

Thank you, Russian Federation. The next speaker is Her Excellency Batsetseg Batmunkh, Minister of Foreign Affairs of Mongolia. You have the floor.

Excellencies, ladies and gentlemen, Mongolia is among the climate-vulnerable nations. We face intensifying droughts, harsh winters, water scarcity, land degradation, and the erosion of biodiversity. These are not distant warning. They are lived realities for our herders, our farmers, and our children. While we do not come to this summit with despair, we come with determination and solutions. In 2016, Mongolia ratified the Paris Agreement and pledged to be part of the global solution. And today, we reaffirm and elevate that commitment. By 2035, we aim to reduce our greenhouse gas emissions by over 30 percent. And with nature and innovation as our allies, we can push that reduction to more than 50 percent. Our strategy is bold and comprehensive. We are determined to transform our energy sector with renewables and efficiency, modernize transport, shifting coal from roads to rails, and embracing electric mobility, recycle waste and maximize resource efficiency, and restore our greatest asset to our rangelands. Mongolia's 110 million hectares of rangeland are not just grasslands. They are carbon sinks, biodiversity havens, and cultural treasures. Though over 70% are degraded, more than 80% retain the natural ability to regenerate. This is our opportunity to lead with nature-based solutions. as we are aiming to make the 17th Conference of the Parties to the UN Convention to Combat Desertification to be hosted in 2026 in Mongolia more than a conference, but a turning point. One of our flagship initiatives, the Rangeland Flagship Initiative, will unite knowledge, investment, and technology, including AI-powered monitoring to unlock the full carbon sequestration potential to our landscapes. Let Mongolia be a bridge between tradition and innovation, between region and solutions. Let our nomadic heritage guide a global movement toward regeneration, resilience, and respect for the earth. I thank you.

Thank you, Mongolia. The next speaker is Her Excellency Alicia Barcena Ibarra, Minister of the Environment and Natural Resources of the United Mexican States. You have the floor.

Thank you. On.

Behalf of President Claudia Sheinbaum Pardo, Mexico is attending this meeting convened by the Secretary-General together by Brazil, represented by Andre Correa de Lado. President Sheinbaum has brought about structural change through Plan Mexico, which is a strategy, long-term industrialization strategy. It is a plan to increase public and private investment above 28% of GDP, 1.5 million new jobs to increase national content, promote investments, and accelerate energy transition, implementing a circular economy to reduce at least 50% of solid residues. One of the sectors which generates more emissions in Mexico is land transport, about 25% of total. Therefore, Plan Mexico proposes, for example, building 3,000 kilometers of electric trains, which would connect the country from south to north. Our commitment to NDC 2.0 was to reduce 35% of greenhouse gases by 2030, which means reducing 225 million tons of carbon, approximately. This we will achieve by combining measures such as the ones I've already mentioned, electric trains, but also by reducing emissions by using natural gas in hydroelectric plants. For NDC.3, we consulting all industrial sectors, steel, mining, energy, Pennes, our national oil company, electricity, so that our commitments are feasible for 2035. But in principle, the commitment we want to achieve is to reduce 175 equivalent carbon tons. To achieve this objective is impossible without a solid strategy on biodiversity and solutions based on nature. In 2024 alone, our country in the ecosystems of 220 million tons of CO2 equivalent. We are implementing a national restoration plan to do the reforestation of 120,000 hectares of forests and mangroves. We need taxonomy, as the President of France said, so that we can account for carbon per hectare by system. For example, we estimate that mangroves are four times more efficient in absorbing carbon than other ecosystems. Our commitment by 2030 to protect 30% of our territory, marine and land. We have 232 natural protected areas, 99 million hectares. We want to achieve 155 million hectares. We are convinced that climate action is more effective when it is built on the territory with women and indigenous peoples. For Mexico and for the global south, financing based on common but differentiated responsibilities and adaptation is not an option. It is urgent. We know that the climate crisis hurts more those who have the least, and therefore our efforts at mitigation and adaptation. We are also considering loss and damage in our new We think that there will be no climate justice without social justice. We therefore reiterate the strict support of my country, Mexico, for Brazil and the United Nations. multilateralism and the struggle of the Secretary-General against climate change. So let's make COP30 a true which means collective action, and let us change this climate crisis into a historic opportunity. Thank you.

Thank you, Mexico. We now invite His Excellency Andreas Eriksen, Minister of Climate and Environment of Norway. Please, you have the floor.

Dear friends, this year marks yet another milestone in our collective response to the urgency of climate change. The Paris Agreement is driving emissions down, and this year's climate targets must be another step towards keeping 1.5 within reach, recognizing that every fraction of a degree matter. I am honored to present Norway's second NDC under the Paris Agreement. Our 1.5 aligned NDC is to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by at least 70 to 75% compared to 1990 levels by 2035. The policies to implement our NDC include strong and ambitious measures to support timelines for phasing out the use of fossil fuels towards 2050 in key sectors. This provides strong long-term signals and predictability for our pathway to a low-emission society. Friends, as one of Europe's major energy providers in both oil and gas and renewables, we see the need to phase out emissions from both production and consumption of energy. Our goal is to gradually change our economy, creating jobs and opportunities in low-emission sectors. The success of such strategies will require coordinated approaches between countries producing and consuming energy, like the binding climate agreement between Norway and the EU. While celebrating 10 years of delivery under the Paris Agreement, COP30 must send clear signals to the world that we stand ready together to do more. In Belem, We welcome stronger collaboration between all countries going forward to achieve our common goals of rapidly reducing greenhouse gas emissions. I thank you.

Thank you, Minister. We now have the pleasure to invite His Excellency Mukhtar Babayev, President and the representative of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan for climate issues. Please, you have the floor, Excellency.

Excellencies, dear friends, dear colleagues, as a COP29 presidency, we want to thank all colleagues who have submitted their NDCs. These plans are essential. They help us maintain momentum in the multilateral process. The targets, timelines, and priorities will send strong market signals that give a green light to green investment. And the vision of sustainable development, job creation, clean energy, and other social benefits can help us build popular system support for ambitious action. Overall, these reports matter. They should be robust, not rushed. and they should then be delivered, not discarded. But every plan has a price tag. And from earliest days of multilateral negotiations, we have agreed on the need to support each other. In Baku at COP29, we made historic progress on how we would cooperate and enable action. From the Baku finance goal to carbon markets and the fund for responding to loss and damage, Countries pledged trillions of dollars for climate action. But a promise made must be a promise kept. They were collective agreements. Collectively, we must be delivered. We will not forget them, and we will not accept going backwards. We will keep asking, where is adaptation finance that was promised by this year? Where is the money for the UN climate funds that was promised by 2030? Dear colleagues, the integrity of international process depends on delivery. The credibility of nations depends on them honoring their words. We need to cut emissions, not aid budgets, because we know that international support will allow for enhanced ambition in our climate plans. that will benefit everyone. Thank you very much.

Thank you, His Excellency. Now we invite to the floor His Excellency, Rafael Lucia, Secretary of Environment and Natural Resources of the Philippines. Please, you have the floor.

Excellencies, the Philippines is preparing its third Nationally Determined Contribution looking to 2035. This will not be our first submission, but it will be our strongest yet. We are guided by a sobering global outlook. Even if all unconditional NDCs are met, global emissions will decline by only 3% by 2030 from 2019 levels, far short of the trajectory required to keep 1.5 degrees centigrade within reach. This tells us that the real test is not ambition on paper, but delivery of results. This recognition has shaped our NDC 3.0. Our objective is stronger delivery, not only higher targets. Drawing lessons from our previous NDC, We have designed our enhanced NDC not as a headline figure, but as a costed economy-wide investment plan. It is anchored in greenhouse gas inventories, climate expenditure tracking, and a national implementation framework. It treats forestry and land use as carbon sinks and as market assets. It employs Article 6 and other mechanisms to mobilize finance and sustainable growth. And it integrates just transition, nature-based solutions, circular economy, gender equality, and social inclusion. Excellencies, what will define progress in the years ahead is not what was pledged, but what was delivered. Therefore, the credibility of NDCs must rest on implementation backed by finance, technology, and capacity building for developing countries. On this basis, the Philippines calls for NDCs to be recognized as credible investment frameworks, costed, transparent, and backed by predictable grant finance for mitigation with adaptation co-benefits, supported by monitoring and accountability that measure both ambition and delivery. Thank you, and we wish all of us success.

Thank you, His Excellency. We now invite His Excellency Honorable Sharif Ali Sharif, Minister for Labor, Economy and Investment, United Republic of Tanzania. Please, Minister, you have the floor.

Excellencies, distinguished delegates, I bring greetings from the United Republic of Tanzania and from Her Excellency, our beloved President, Dr. Samia Suluhu Hassan. Excellencies, the climate crisis is reshaping lives, economies, and geographies. Tanzania has already lost over 90% of the ice cap of Mount Kilimanjaro, while Zanzibar, our beautiful island in Tanzania, with more than 30% of its land below five meters above sea levels, faces double threat of sea level rise and saltwater intrusion. Excellencies, Tanzania is acting with ambition. Through our NDC 2.0, we pledge 30 to 35% emissions reduction by 2030, conditional on international support of $19.2 million. However, Assessment of the implementation of our NDC 2.0 revealed a 12 billion US dollar financing gap, highlighting the urgent need for the international community to honor the obligations under the conventions and the Paris Agreement. We are finalizing NDC 3.0, guided by our new Tanzania development vision 2050, which places climate resilience environmental integrity, and sustainable growth at the center. Excellencies, through the leadership of our President, Samia Suluhu Hassan, Tanzania has launched the National Clean Cooking Strategy 2024-2034, aiming for 80% adoption of clean cooking solution by 2034. We welcome 2 billion US dollars pledged globally for clean cooking and call for quick debasement and scaling up to match the urgent needs African households. And access to technological development and transfer to accelerate adaptation, mitigation, and innovation. Your excellencies, for Africa, adaptation and poverty alleviation remain the highest priorities. We are also ready to offer solutions, but to succeed, the international community must urgently fulfill their pledges, not in words, but in grant-based financial support for access, such as clean cooking energy success, the blue economy, and resilience. In conclusion, Tanzania stands ready with ambition, commitment, and solutions. We are ready to join the international community to act with urgency, fairness, and solidarity for our people and for our planet. Thank you very much, Asantewaa.

Thank you, Your Excellency. We now invite His Excellency Adul Ghuman Khan, Advisor for Ministry of Industries of the People's Republic of Bangladesh. Please, you have the floor.

Co-Chairs and Excellencies, Assalamu alaikum. Bangladesh has always stood at the frontline of the climate crisis, yet we remain steadfast at our commitment to solutions. In our third NDC, we pledged to reduce 84.97 million tons of CO2 equivalent emissions by 2035. a 20.3% reduction from business as usual. Despite our limited resources, we cut 26.74 million tons unconditionally, demonstrating our resolve to act. But to deliver the remaining 58.23 million tons, we call upon the global community to honor its pledges of finance, technology, and capacity support. With full implementation of our NDCs, Bangladesh will peak its emissions by 2030 and then begin to decline, a clear sign that climate justice can be advanced when ambition is matched with support. To strengthen the alignment of climate finance with our national priorities, Bangladesh has launched the Bangladesh Climate and Development Partnership, the BCDP. This will coordinate climate finance, ensure climate policy coherence, and enhance cooperation to accelerate the implementation of our adaptation needs and our mitigation targets. Our government is leading this initiative at highest levels, involving multiple ministries as well as having development and financing partners. We look forward to making the BCDP more inclusive. by adding private sector and CSOs and more development partners on board. We would like to deliver real benefits for our people. This is not just about funding projects. It is about building trust and building solidarity with our international partners so that together we can deliver climate action that truly makes a difference, especially for our vulnerable populations. We urge the world, especially the developed countries, to match this ambition with fairness and solidarity, to stand with vulnerable nations so that no country is left behind in the fight for our planet's survival, so that together we can build a safer, more just, and sustainable future for all. I thank you. Thank you very much.

Thank you, Your Excellency. We now invite His Excellency David Lammy, Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. Please, you have the floor.

Well, thank you very much, Your Excellencies. Thank you for convening us at this critical time when climate change is demonstrably not a distant threat or tomorrow's problem, it is an emergency, one that we must address with urgency. The extreme heat, floods, wildflowers, droughts throughout the world, all disrupting lives, livelihoods, and economies everywhere. And let's be honest, the people paying the price, the hardest and deepest of prices, are those who have contributed the least to the crisis. They are the most vulnerable in the most volatile places. We must address that, and the United Kingdom is absolutely dedicated to playing its part. At COP29 last November, our Prime Minister announced the UK's commitment, our nationally determined contribution, to fighting climate change under the Paris agreement. It will cut our greenhouse gas emissions by at least 81% by 2035, compared to 1990 levels. It is economy-wide, covering every single sector, aligned with the goal of keeping global warming at 1.5%. National determined contributions matter because they send a signal to our citizens, to investors and to the world that we are ambitious and determined to deliver on climate change. And let me be clear, ambition is not a drag on growth, as some would suggest, it drives growth. The UK is the first major economy to halve its emissions while also growing its economy by almost 80 per cent. Last year, our green economy grew three times faster than the economy as a whole. That is the growth story of the coming decade, and ambitious NDCs are the foundation for attracting the investment that makes it possible. But none of us can succeed alone. Multilateralism is the key to achieving our ambitions. Before Paris, we were on track for 4 degrees of warming by the end of this century. Now, if we each deliver our 2030 NDC commitments, we're on track for 2.6 degrees Celsius. If we also all fulfill our net zero commitments, it could be 1.9 degrees Celsius. Progress is real, but it's not enough. Our current pledges must be the floor, not the ceiling. We must stretch further, or we risk impact on our climate that will cost all of us far more in the long term. That is why the UK will continue to support developing countries, including through the NDC partnership, and that is why we must come together at COP30. We commend Brazil's clear focus on making multilateralism work at COP30 in Belem. COP30 must be a turning point, one that delivers credible pathways to course correct and accelerate action. to show the world that we will act together and with urgency to keep 1.5 degrees in reach, not just for our own sakes but for those communities of people who contributed so little to the problem and suffer so much from its effects. Thank you very much indeed.

Thank you, Your Excellency. Now we invite His Excellency, Mohamed Ali Nafti, Minister of Foreign Affairs, Migration, and Tunisians Abroad of the Republic of Tunisia. Please, you have the floor.

Thank you, Co-Chair. Bismillahirrahmanirrahim. Here comes the convening of this summit at this critical moment for our planet, as the climate crisis is accelerating, threatening lives and livelihoods across continents. For my country, a Mediterranean and African one, at the frontline of a drought, water scarcity, and sea level rise, and notwithstanding its very low carbon footprint, acting on climate change is not a choice. but is a matter of survival. And despite significant economic constraints, Tunisia has remained steadfast in its commitments under Paris Agreement. In fact, a few months ago, we have initiated the update and preparation of our second national determinant contribution for the next decade. through an inclusive, multi-shareholder process to which also participated 45 young men and women, reflecting our conviction that youth commitment is vital to shaping climate solutions. I'm glad to announce today that Tunisia's NDC 3.0 is scheduled for submission in October 2025 prior to COP30. It raises our ambition significantly, targeting a 60 to 70% reduction in carbon intensity by 2035, up from 45% in the previous NDC. In parallel, we are advancing a bold energy transition plan targeting 35% renewable energy in our electricity mix by 2030 again through large scale solar and wind projects and improved energy efficiency, while prioritizing adaptation measures to protect agriculture,

and water system, as well as strengthening coastal resilience. However, these vital efforts face indelible challenge, which is obviously financing. Indeed, the estimated cost of implementing an NDC exceeds $19 billion, far beyond our national resources. The harsh reality is that access to climate finance remains highly complex and commitments reiterated and success of COPS remain largely without any answers, even though COPE 29 set an ambition new objective of tripling climate financing up to $300 billion per year by 2035. Dear Co-Chairs, for climate-vulnerable nations like Tunisia, my country, climate disasters are not just threats. They are already inflicting irreversible damages. The Loss and Damage Fund established at COP27 represents a milestone, but its credibility depends on swift and full capitalizations. We urgently call for the Fund to be fully operational to provide timely support for those facing irreversible impacts. We also call for an urgent action to provide predictable, concessional, and accessible climate finance for both mitigation and adaptation. Innovative financial mechanism such as the climate SDGs debt swap initiative by ESQA offers real win-win model and should be encouraged and duplicated. In closing, Tunisia will continue working closely with African partners and Mediterranean neighbors to promote climate action and sustainable solution. But again, our shared future depends on turning promises into concrete actions and ensuring that climate justice and solidarity became a reality, not mere slogans. As mentioned by the Secretary General at COP21, the future of humanity is at stake. Climate finance is not charity. It is an investment in our shared survival. So let us or let this summit be the moment when we deliver on that responsibility. And thank you so much.

Thank you, Your Excellency. We now invite Her Excellency Amna **** Abdullah Al Dahak Al Shamshi, Minister of Climate Change and Environment of the United Arab Emirates.

Please, you have the floor.

Excellencies, ladies and gentlemen, I would like to extend my thanks to His Excellency, the Secretary General, for inviting us to this important meeting, which comes at a pivotal moment where our world is witnessing record highs, unprecedented in temperature due to climate change. Despite the fact that climate change is considered one of the deepest existential challenges of our time, we must continue trying to turn these challenges into opportunities in order to build a more sustainable and prosperous future for all. Based on this vision, the United Arab Emirates reaffirms its firm commitment to implementing its NDCs, which were announced in November 2024. These NDCs were drafted because of our belief that effective climate action is inherently collaborative. Therefore, women and youth and the private sector and all parts of the civil society had a key role in drafting these NDCs. And to embody this ambition, We took leadership in initiatives to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050. We are moving forward to increase our investments in green technology and a responsible energy transition in a manner that drafts a new path for true diverse development and transformation. We are aiming towards initiatives that unleash innovative technologies and initiatives we have. the Center for Climate Funding and the Terra Fund. We also would like to operationalize the Loss and Damage Fund. Nevertheless, our commendation of this fund must come with a call to provide urgent support to SIDS and least developed countries and the communities most affected by the impacts of climate change so that no one is left behind. The impacts of climate change do not only threaten our environment, they also threaten the basis of international peace and security. Resource scarcity increases. forced migration, which has the potential to increase current conflicts. Therefore, we call for an operationalization of more UN-affiliated climate mechanisms that address the security aspects of climate change. The Baku Consensus, the Baku Charter, and other similar documents embody what we can achieve when international will is present, and we will continue to collaborate with our partners in the international community and will continue to lead efforts aiming to turn climate ambition into a tangible future and a safe future for all. Thank you.

Thank you, Your Excellency. We now invite His Excellency Lars Ogaard, Minister of Climate, Energy and Utilities of Denmark. Please, you have the floor.

Thank you very much, Excellencies, dear friends, our friends in the presidency of the COP, the Brazilian team, friends at the UN, thank you for gathering us today. Denmark currently holds a position as presidency of the European Union, so allow me to start with sharing our view on where Europe stands. EU is standing firm on climate action. We will continue to pursue a European transition that supports security and competitiveness, while maintaining a prosperous Union that offers high quality of life and thriving industries, not only for Europeans, but for people around the globe. Therefore, it's my great pleasure to confirm that EU is well on track in reaching our 2030 target. at at least 55% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions compared to 1990 levels. And we will keep going. Last week, the EU climate ministers agreed on a statement of intent to submit the EU's NDC ahead of COP30. We expect to agree on a target between 66.25% and 72.5% reduction compared to 1990 levels. In Denmark, we are also making progress. The Danish 2030 target is within reach, a 70% reduction in 2030 compared to 1990 levels. Our independent climate council has acknowledged that we are on track meeting the target. And all sectors are contributing, from energy to industry, from transportation to agriculture. And that is exactly what is needed, a society-wide effort. Our country has shown that the transition can happen without compromising our economy, that it is possible to decouple emissions and economic growth. But we are just at the beginning. We are working towards climate neutrality in 2045 and 100% reduction target in 2050 compared to 1990 levels. So we are far from done, but we are on track. Globally, we remain committed to providing 0.7% of our gross national income in official development assistance. 30% of this is allocated to climate initiatives and more than half will be dedicated to adaptation. Denmark and Europe will continue to do our part, both at home and abroad. We will reduce our emissions and keep delivering on our global commitments, that is our responsibility. And we are very much looking forward to collaborating with all of you, with the presidency of the COP. So we are hoping for tremendously great results when we leave Belem. Thank you very much.

Thank you, Your Excellency. We now invite to the floor Her Excellency Toge Tur, Katrine Gonaas Turtie, Minister for Foreign Affairs of Iceland.

You have the floor, please.

Thank you. Thank you so much. Mr. President, distinguished colleagues, the Paris Agreement remains a cornerstone of global climate action. Through our collective efforts, progress is evident. But the climate crisis is no longer a distant threat. It is actively unfolding. Rising temperatures, intensifying weather events, and rising sea levels threaten food security, increase health risks, and deepen inequalities. The urgency is clear. Allow me Dear President, to go through Iceland's proposal for an updated nationally determined contribution. Iceland commits itself to a target of 50 to 55% net reduction of greenhouse gas emissions by 2035 in the sectors covered by the EU's effort sharing regulation on domestic transport, buildings, agriculture, small industry and waste. We are also very committed to reducing greenhouse gas emissions from the land use, land use change and forestry sector by an amount equivalent to 400,000 to 500,000 tonnes of carbon dioxide by 2035. These targets strike a balance between being ambitious and implementable, ensuring high standards with the means, with the real means to achieve them, these important goals. But meeting national targets is only a part of the equation. Iceland has also increased support for climate action in developing countries Equally emphasizing adaption and mitigation and recognizing the links between gender equality and climate resilience and the links between a healthy ocean and a climate action. The updated NDCs are a crucial step forward, but progress depends on our determination to turn commitments into impact. I call on us all to act with urgency. Thank you so much.

Thank you, Your Excellency. We now invite His Excellency Bashir Mohamed Jama, Minister of Environment and Climate Change of the Federal Republic of Somalia.

Please, you have the floor.

Thank you, Chair, Excellencies, distinguished delegates, ladies and gentlemen. Somalia is proud to have submitted its NDC 3.0. This is not only a milestone for Somalia, but also a signal to the world that even the most climate-vulnerable nations are prepared to lead with ambition and vision. Somalia's NDC 3.0 demonstrates our firm commitment to the Paris Agreement. It raises our ambition by setting a clear target. Although we are one of the lowest emitters of greenhouse gases, yet among the most severely impacted by climate change. Excellencies, Somalia's NDC 3.0 is not only an isolated plan. It is fully aligned with our national transformation plan and national adaptation plan. But Somalia cannot walk this path alone. Excellencies, Somalia's pathways, whether in renewable energy, agriculture, and land restoration, offer solutions with global co-benefits. Our resilience is linked to global stability. Our adoption, our adaptation investments reduce risks of displacement, hunger and insecurity that extends beyond our borders. As we move towards COP30 in Blame, let us work together to make 2025 the turning point for ambition and delivery. I thank you very much.

Thank you, Your Excellency. We now invite His Excellency Bruno Eduardo Rodriguez Parrilla, Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Cuba.

Please, you have the floor.

Thank you. Mr. President, In February this year, Cuba presented its Nationally Determined Contribution 3.0. It was the result of a rigorous exercise in response to the global call to increase climate ambition and taken into account the circumstances of a blockaded country like Cuba. Cuba's NDC covers, among others, sectors such as energy, agriculture, and has a broad component related to climate change adaptation. The materialization of our ambition will be limited, particularly by the United States blockade against Cuba. The cost of only one month of blockade is equivalent to the cost of the national solar energy plan for the year 2025. which amounts to approximately $609 million and which will cover the installation of 1,015 megawatts capacity in the whole country. Neither can we speak about climate ambition without removing the basis of the current international unjust and unequal economic order. Foreign debt, protectionism, Unilateral coercive measures and other harmful manifestations of the current order are contrary to the collective action to tackle climate change. Let us also call for the developed countries to pay the ecological debt they have with humanity, to honor their obligations by virtue of their historical responsibilities, and provide developing countries with the resources that would enable them to advance with regard to climate action. As was warned by Commander Chief and President Fidel Castro Ruz in the historical Rio de Janeiro conference, and I quote, "Tomorrow will be too late to do what we should have done long ago." End of quote. Thank you very much.

Thank you, His Excellency. We now invite His Excellency, Passau, one day, Pelagie Caboret, Minister of Humanitarian Action and National Solidarity of Burkina Faso.

Please, you have the floor.

Thank you. Thank you very much, Chair, Excellencies. Distinguished heads of delegations, distinguished delegates, on behalf of the government of Burkina Faso, with His Excellency Kappadine Ibrahim Traore, President of Burkina Faso and head of state, I have the honor of presenting the new nationally determined contribution of Burkina Faso for 2025-2026. Our country reaffirms its commitment to limiting warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius. This new NDC covers all economic sectors and all greenhouse gas emissions with ambitious goals aligned with international standards. Mr. Chair, Burkina Faso, like all of the Sahel countries, is among the countries that pollute the least and yet is among the hardest hit by the effects of climate change, desertification, recurrent droughts, pressure on populations and resources. In light of this crisis, we have chosen action. Our National Adaptation Plan 2024-2028, which is estimated to cost $4.8 billion, targets the sectors of agriculture, livestock husbandry, water, healthcare, environment, and infrastructure. Burkina Faso has already mobilized about half of this financing, demonstrating our national determination. Our priorities include promoting renewable energies, national reforestation through our program called Making Faso Green Again, as well as including the private sector for developing innovative projects. Distinguished delegates, our 2050 vision aims for sober development and low carbon growth, but we know that success also depends on international solidarity. That is why Burkina Faso calls for upholding financial commitments and for implementing our new collective goals by 2035. Mr. Chair. Keenly aware of the urgency as laid out in the latest IPCC report, we reaffirm the unwavering commitment of Burkina Faso to collective climate action that is just and effective in order to build resilient and sovereign nations. Thank you.

Thank you, Your Excellency. We now invite His Excellency, Darragh O'Brien, Minister for Climate, Energy and the Environment of Ireland.

Please, you have the floor.

Thank you very much, Excellencies, Akorga. As we witness the drastic effects of climate change destroy lives and ways of life, it is abundantly clear that the time for action on climate change is now. We must collectively redouble our efforts to drastically reduce carbon emissions, an ambition which can be best realised through multilateral action. For Ireland's part, we intend to submit a joint NDC with our European partners in advance of COP30. Ireland is in no doubt that the key to our collective future prosperity lies with the green transition. It is possible to grow jobs and to grow an economy whilst reducing emissions. 2024 saw emissions reduce in Ireland for a third consecutive year, but we know first-hand the challenges faced by many in delivering on their climate commitments. For us, our position as an island nation at the western outreaches of the European continent and our historic connection to agriculture as both a way of life and a keystone of our economy can pose unique challenges. However, those are challenges that we are determined to meet. We have reaffirmed our commitment to reaching climate neutrality by 2050 in our national legislation, and we are refocusing on delivery and implementation to realise decarbonisation. We are committed to delivering 80% of our electricity generation from renewable sources by 2030. And we've already succeeded in meeting 40% of our needs from renewable sources. Not only will this reduce our emissions, it will reduce our reliance on expensive imported fossil fuels, ultimately reducing energy costs for our citizens. But friends, more can and more must be done. And we stand ready to do our part collectively with our friends and colleagues. Thank you very much.

Thank you, Your Excellency. We now invite His Excellency Mark Attiy, Minister of Foreign Affairs, International Cooperation, and External Trade of the Republic of Vanuatu. Please, you have the floor.

Thank you, Co-Chair, Excellencies, distinguished delegates. Today, I am pleased to announce the submission of our latest Nationally Determined Contribution, Vanuatu NDC 3.0, a comprehensive and ambitious roadmap reflecting our unwavering commitment to climate change. Vanuatu's NDC 3.0 contains our core national priority to lead domestic effort towards more ambitious climate policy while actively engaging with our international partners to fulfill our shared responsibilities under the Paris Agreement. Our commitment continues to uphold our goal of maintaining a net negative greenhouse gas emission society as outlined the article 4.1 and to build resilience against the necessarily impacts of climate change in line with article 7 and 8. This NDC 3.0 is a testament to our world of society effort aligning with and supporting the global sustainable development goals and our nation long-term vision articulate in the people's plan 2030. It set out 219 targets to 2035 including medication, adaptation, and loss and damages and loss and damage measures with a total financial requirement of approximately 3 billion USD. A clear call for the critical climate finance needed from our international partners. Our aim targets compromise 35 mitigation, 132 adaptation, and 50 loss and damage objectives. are cost at over 3 billion USD, reflecting our dedication to safeguarding our environment, our people, and our future generation. This effort are integral to realizing our national objective for sustainable growth, resilience, communities, and inclusive development. We call on developed countries to honor the commitment under the UNFC and to provide the necessary financial support to realize these vital targets. I thank you for your attention.

Thank you, Your Excellency. We now invite His Excellency Arnaldo Ricardo Andre Tinoco, Minister of Foreign Affairs and Worship of the Republic of Costa Rica.

Please, you have the floor.

Excellencies, on behalf of the Republic of Costa Rica, I have the honor to address you. in reference to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the adoption of the Paris Agreement 10 years ago. This agreement has been the reference point for all the countries of the world, both developed and developing, in order to confront the climate crisis that affects all the inhabitants of the planet. Thus, we consider it extremely important for COP30, led by the Brazilian presidency, be successful, especially with regard to the Nationally Determined Contributions, the NDCs, which we must present collectively in October this year. Costa Rica has been and continues to be an ambitious country in its NDCs. despite the fact that our CO2 emissions are minimal, and in the Latin American and Caribbean region, they amount to less than 8% of global emissions. Therefore, our 2030 NDC will include contributions in both mitigation and adaptation, And we have set ourselves the goal of fulfilling an NDC that is implementable, realistic, financed, and consistent with the national reality in fiscal and economic terms. Our climate ambition has focused not only on emissions, but also on expanding participatory engagement, hence the emphasis given to the private sector as a generator of impact in terms of practices that help to reduce emissions with sustainable agro-landscapes standing for their contribution to mitigation. Finally, Costa Rica continues with its vision and commitment in the area of CO2 emissions reduction, which is embodied in the National Decarbonization Plan 2018-2050. as well as in its forest coverage of 60% of the national territory, thereby significantly contributing to carbon sinks and the reduction of CO2 emissions. Likewise, Ambitious national plans and strategies for adaptation and blue carbon in the countries, in the marine and coastal areas of the country have been prioritized in order to maintain the ambition required to fight climate change. Thank you.

Thank you, Your Excellency. We now invite Her Excellency Ana Paula Chantre Luna de Carvalho Pereira, Minister of Environment of Angola.

Please, you have the floor.

Good afternoon to everyone. Excellencies, head of delegations, President of the COP30, it is a great honor to represent His Excellency, Joao Lourenco, the President of the Republic of Angola. And it is an honor to also present the efforts for our country to reduce CO2 emissions and adaptation measures. Angola formally ratified the Paris Accord in November of 2020. Nonetheless, Even before that official ratification, we had already demonstrated our commitment to climate action by, in 2015, accepting the UN framework, contributing nationally. After ratification, the new NDC was submitted from which was in effect between 21 and 2025. And more recently, Angola presented their third NDC, or NDC 3.0 reflects goals of mitigation and adaptation and advanced climate planning in Angola. This document is testimony to our actions, and we highlighted the energy sector, expanding clean energies coming from hydro and solar sources, where we have been very successful. We've also provided for reducing the burning in the oil camps And also we've included transportation and waste sectors, among others. Our country considers adaptation as a serious priority given our vulnerability to climate change. So resilience through concrete and structural efforts in sectors such as agriculture, zonal coastal region, water, health and infrastructure is of tremendous importance. I would like to end with a quote, "Every molecule of gas from the carbon that shows us that our choices now will determine our future." Thank you very much.

Thank you, Your Excellency. We now invite His Excellency Juan Carlos Navarro, Minister of Environment of the Republic of Panama.

Please, you have the floor.

Excellencies, greetings on behalf of the people and the government of Panama.

We must wake up. Nature cannot wait any longer. We cannot continue working with fragmented agendas. We cannot fail. For decades, the world has tried to advance on climate, biodiversity, and land as if they were separate paths. That approach has cost us both time and effectiveness. In Panama, we have chosen a different way, integration and synergy. Today, we present our nature pledge, our pact with nature. This pledge is not an isolated plan. It is a new way of understanding environmental and climate policy. It is a framework that unites our obligations on climate, biodiversity, and land, while also integrating ocean and plastics into a single national commitment. Panama is carbon negative. Still, Panama will reduce its emissions by 2035 yet more. We will also restore 100,000 hectares of critical ecosystems, including mangroves and key watersheds, because nature is our first line of defense against climate change. We have already delivered early on the global goal for each country to protect 30% of their jurisdictional waters. Panama already protects 54% of our ocean, nine years ahead of schedule, plus 35% of our territory. The value of these commitments lies in how we built them, through a participatory process that includes indigenous peoples, youth, rural communities, women, academia, and the private sector. It is not a technical document written by a few. It is a national pact. And we do not stop there. We are also building the Panama Natural Fund, a long-term trust fund based on the Project Finance for Permanence, PFP, model. to guarantee immediate conservation on the ground, while also creating lasting financing to forever protect nature and the resources upon which our lives depend. Excellencies, Panama's message is clear. Division has slowed us down. Integration ensures action. The Nature Pledge and Panama Natural are our goal and our promise, proving that it is possible to unite international commitments with effective and immediate national action for sustainable, prosperous development. True climate ambition is not about accumulating scattered plans. It is about the courage to build a common agenda, to connect what was once separate, to leave behind duplication, and incoherence and to act now, today, with determination and effectiveness. Nature cannot wait any longer. We must work together and we must act now.

Thank you, Your Excellency. We now invite His Excellency Tarek Ibrahim, Minister of Tourism and Environment of the Republic of the Maldives.

Please, you have the floor.

Excellencies, distinguished delegates, As-salamu alaykum. I extend my sincere appreciation to the Secretary-General for convening this timely event and for this unwavering leadership in keeping climate at the forefront of the global agenda. Excellencies, the story of the Maldives is one of resilience and hope. Our journey did not begin today. It began centuries ago. Our ancestors thrived on fragile atolls. They adapted to the rhythm of tides. They endured storms. They secured scarce food and water. They built their lives on harmony with nature. From them, We inherited more than survival. We inherited a spirit of resilience, a spirit that allows us to build a story rooted in sustainability. We learned to turn hardship into opportunity and challenges into progress. Building on this legacy, Maldives has been a voice for climate leadership. As early as 1989, we convened a small state conference on sea level rise. This historic meeting adopted the Male Declaration on Global Warming and Sea Level Rise. It brought global attention to the threats faced by small island states on the frontline of climate change. Since then, we have continued to lead with ambition and action. In February this year, the Maldives became one of the first countries to submit the third nationally determined contribution. This NDC served as our national climate plan through 2035. It charts a clear path towards low emission development and resilience. It also sets our ambitious mitigation target yet. By 2028, we aim to generate 33% of our electricity from renewable energy. We also work towards adapting cleaner mobility and strengthen waste management systems. And through these efforts, we are unlocking both environmental and socioeconomic benefits. Through these efforts, we are advancing energy independence and We are reducing our fossil fuel dependence. We are creating jobs and we are improving the quality of life for all Maldivians. But mitigation is only part of the story. For us, adaptation is critical. Our NDCs expand adaptation priorities across all sectors. Despite the structural vulnerabilities we face as a small island development state, We remain determined to advancing solutions and opportunities to build our resilience. Our NDCs embodies these commitments. It prioritizes building capacity and strengthening resilience, and it outlines strategies to reduce vulnerabilities to climate risks. Yet, commitments and ambition alone are not enough. Our NDC is conditional on international support. It depends on adequate climate finance, technology transfer, and capacity building. For small island development states like the Maldives, accessing climate finance is one of the biggest challenges. The criteria are rigid, the process is slow, and the bureaucracy is overwhelming. The effort required is often the same for a small project as for a billion-dollar program. This is not feasible for capacity-constrained countries like ours. We need access to smaller volume of funding that are fast, simple, and flexible. Excellencies, Maldives' third NDC reflects our unwavering resolve to safeguard our people and protect the environment. But resolve alone will not carry us forward. We must strengthen mechanisms that not only support the preparation of NDCs, but ensure their full and effective implementation. The Maldives has once again shown ambition. Now we need the enabling environment that will allow us to turn ambition into action. I thank you.

Thank you, Your Excellency. I now invite His Excellency Humbardzhun Matev Vosian, Minister of Environment of the Republic of Armenia.

Please, you have the floor.

Excellencies, distinguished colleagues, ladies and gentlemen, at the outset, I thank Secretary-General and COP30 presidency for convening this climate summit. This gathering sends a clear message We remain united in confronting the climate crisis with urgency, ambition, and solidarity. Armenia is a landlocked and mountainous country, highly vulnerable to droughts, heat waves, and extreme weather. Yet we choose determination over despair. We are acting boldly, guided by strong multilateral cooperation. In the past year, Armenia has adopted the comprehensive climate law, approved the long term low emission strategy, and is finalizing a far more ambitious third nationally determined contribution, fully aligned with the Paris Agreement. Energy transformation is at the heart of our approach. We are rapidly scaling up solar and wind power, aiming for 50% renewable electricity by 2030 and 60% by 2040, while safe nuclear energy continues to provide stable, low carbon power. This balanced system underpins a just and sustainable transition. We are also advancing large-scale reforestation and afforestation, strengthening ecosystems, safeguarding biodiversity, and protecting local livelihoods. But our adaptation needs are urgent. Agriculture, water, health, and critical infrastructure are under severe pressure. For us, finance, technology, and capacity building are not optional. They are essential. We call on partners to scale up climate finance, accelerate technology transfer, and expand capacity building support. Looking ahead, Armenia is honored to host the Convention on Biological Diversity, COP17, in 2026. Together, we will champion the integration of biodiversity and climate agendas ensuring the full engagement of civil society, human, indigenous people, the private sector, and scientific community. As we move toward COP30 in Belm, our message is clear, ambition, responsibility, and partnership. At home, we are transforming our energy and the ecosystems Globally, we are ready to work hand in hand with all partners to ensure that the Paris Agreement and the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework deliver on their promise. Let us seize this moment to safeguard both people and the planet. Thank you.

Thank you, Your Excellency. I now invite His Excellency Max Pwip President of the National Council of Climate Change of the Dominican Republic.

Please, you have the floor.

Thank you. Presidency, Excellencies, ladies and gentlemen, I wish to begin by thanking President Lula for his leadership in convening this high-level event and for taking on the challenge of receiving us in Amazonia for COP30. The symbolic nature of that decision is powerful. From the Dominican Republic, which at present occupies one of the vice-presidencies of COP, We support Brazil's efforts to ensure that this will be a COP focused on results, on concrete actions, on the 30 objectives which Brazil has shared with the world. The Dominican Republic reiterates today its firm conviction, its commitment to the Paris Agreement, and I wish to point out that our climate action is based on protecting our people and our natural resources. We are focused on protecting coasts and watersheds, on the sustainable uses of water, agricultural resilience, the protection of health, and systems that protect adaptive social changes in the case of the most vulnerable. In our case, climate resilience is a matter of national security, economic stability, and social justice. The Dominican Republic has started a clear vision, a goal for the future, which is to double our per capita GDP by 2036, but that growth must be sustainable, inclusive, and resilient, or it will not be real growth. Thus, the commitments that we will announce at the Belen do Para COP, reflected in our NDC, will be an integral part of all the projects that we have committed to. We know very well that in order to achieve this, we need public and private investment. quality education, technological innovation, and institutional capacity. But we also know that all of this effort is conditioned upon our climate vulnerability. Climate change is not an abstract risk for us. It is a concrete threat. On a daily basis, it impacts our territory, our communities, and our economy. In a recent report by the International Monetary Fund, it was confirmed that in order to achieve our goal, we must have structural reforms, competitiveness, and resilience in the face of natural disasters, but it also underscores our need to strengthen our climate legal framework and to include this in our fiscal policy. That is why we have incorporated climate action into our national planning and our budget. We do not see this as an expense, but rather as an investment in our future. In 2020, we committed to reducing our emissions by 27% by 2030. Only 7% of that goal would be covered through internal resources. However, when assessing our progress, we have seen that we have achieved an 11 percent reduction only through national efforts. That means that we have already gone beyond 50 percent of the goal we had assigned to ourselves without expecting external resources. This shows that where there is political will, social commitment, and trust on the part of the private sector, we can achieve real changes. In the process of preparing our NDC 3.0, we have identified a potential reduction of almost 10 million tons of CO2 equivalent, and that will require an investment of more than $9.3 billion. We can mobilize internal financing, but we need support and cooperation in order to achieve our full potential. Thus, we appeal to the international community. Every dollar invested in climate action in a developing country not only reduces emissions, it also saves lives, stabilizes economies, promotes innovation, and builds shared prosperity. This is a crucial moment. Leadership, solidarity, and commitment cannot just remain in words. They must translate into decisions. In the Dominican Republic, it is clear to us that to achieve our national goals, We need a global effort, like President Lula has referred to. Thank you.

Thank you, Your Excellency. We remind speakers to try to attain within the two-minute limit, please. I now invite Her Excellency Josephine Napwong Cosmos, Minister of Environment and Forestry of the Republic of South Sudan, speaking on behalf of the Vice President of South Sudan.

Please, you have the floor.

Excellencies, I bring you warm greetings from His Excellency, the President of the Republic of South Sudan, General Salva Kiir Mayardit. A nation still young, but already experiencing the heavy cost of climate change impacts. For us, climate change is not a distant threat. It is here, and it is now. Floods and droughts have displaced families, destroyed harvests, and deepened food insecurity. Livelihoods that depend on agriculture, cattle, and fishing are increasingly fragile, leaving our people vulnerable and communities at risk. Excellencies, South Sudan contributes nothing to global greenhouse gas emissions, yet we are among the most affected states. This is profound injustice. Addressing it requires urgent action, stronger solidarity, and honoring the commitments on the emission gap. It is abundantly clear that we are falling behind on cutting GHG emissions, and the current path will lead us to a 3.5 degrees Celsius increase. Therefore, to limit global warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius, we had the developed countries and the big emitters to increase their ambitions and drastically cut their emissions such that the 1.5 degrees Celsius goal is kept alive. On Article 6, South Sudan is home to the largest wetland in Africa, the Sudd, and has over 30% of forest cover with enormous carbon sequestration capacity. This will enable us to trade in carbon and invest the proceeds in our climate mitigation and adaptation projects. We call upon the developed countries to scale up climate finance, especially for adaptation and resilience. For nations like ours, adaptation is not optional. It is the difference between survival and collapse. Investments in flood management, Climate-resilient agriculture, clean energy, and early warning systems will help us protect lives, stabilize communities, and build a foundation for sustainable development. At the same time, South Sudan is committed to the implementation of its second Nationally Determined Contribution and National Adaptation Plan. We are working to preserve our wetlands, safeguard our forests, and chart a low-carbon, climate-resilient pathway for our people. But we cannot do it alone. The SDG promise and the Paris Agreement must be made real through resources, technology, and partnerships. In conclusion, climate change is the definition challenge of our time. For South Sudan, it is also a test of global solidarity. Let us act with urgency and fairness. Let us ensure that no nation, no matter how fragile, no matter how young it is, is left behind in the fight for our planet's future. Thank you.

Thank you, Your Excellency. We beg the indulgence of ministers that are waiting to give their intervention. as we would like to now invite Mr. Ilan Goldfajn, President of the Inter-American Development Bank, who will speak on behalf of the MDBs. Mr. Goldfajn, you have the floor, please.

Thank you for the UN Climate Team, Brazil COP30 Presidency, for organizing this event. Hearing you all gives us all hope that we can advance our goals despite all challenges. As the chair of the heads of climate of MDBs, I want to reiterate that we are committed to play a key role working with countries meet their climate goals, including prepare and implement long-term climate strategies and national development contributions. MDBs are working together as a system like never before to provide financing and know-how that are critical to this effort. We just announced that MDBs increased climate financing to a record 137 billion last year while mobilizing an additional 134 billion in private financing, adaptation financing for resilience in low and middle income countries rose from only 6.5% to 31% of climate financing to these countries. MDBs are launching new programs and innovative financial instrument to increase climate financing and mobilize private sector capital. This includes innovative instruments like debt swaps and climate resilient debt clauses insurance products for risk transfers, loans whose costs are tied to result, FX mitigating facilities, has equity invest in Brazil, regional disaster programs and facility to provide equity to climate projects, we just launched here in New York, Reinvest Plus. A platform that connects local project financing with global institutional investment. In Belem, we will unveil details and partners participating in Reinvest Plus, and we will issue the first Amazonia bonds, and we will launch

The Amazonia for All ETF in Brazil at COP30 in Belem. MDB Climate Group is advancing joint deliverables for COP30, including our joint long-term strategy program to help you governments and sectors meet the climate goals. MDB will host a joint pavilion to highlight this innovative partnership with governments, the private sector, and others. To conclude, I have one ask for you in this room. As we look to COP30, one challenge these countries face is the need to share and to have the right governance in place. The heads of states in this room can play a pivotal role in this governance, merging the work of environmental and finance ministers. We need to integrate climate financing and investment into national budgets to advance countries' climate strategies and nationally determined contributions. So I look forward to working with all of you on the road to Berlin and beyond. Thank you very much.

Thank you, Mr. Goldfajn. And we thank the delegations of Finland and Cambodia for their patience as they were waiting to speak. We now have the pleasure to invite Her Excellency Sari Multala, Minister of Climate and the Environment of the Republic of Finland.

Please, you have the floor.

Thank you. Your Excellencies, on behalf of Finland, I want to reaffirm our strong commitment to urgent and science-based climate action. COP30 in Belem will be a crucial milestone to prove that we are fully committed to the Paris Agreement and its goals. Together with our partners in the European Union, we stand ready to do our part and to deliver an ambitious new NDC before Belem. Our climate targets are anchored in binding legislation, ensuring full and timely implementation. In addition to our joint EU targets, Finland has one of the world's most ambitious targets to reach carbon neutrality by 2035. We have not only an ambitious target, but have already succeeded in many fronts. Our path towards forward is based on three pillars: rapid emission reductions, strengthening carbon sinks, and investigating, in, investing in innovation. Finland is a land of forests. We are using sustainably our forests and protecting wetlands and soils. This year, we closed the last coal plant in Finland. Our electricity production is already 95% decarbonized with renewables and nuclear power. This attracts new, cleaner industrial investments with clean hydrogen having a central role. Clean and affordable energy is strengthening also our competitiveness and doing good for the climate. And we are supporting research, innovation and clean technology that create new opportunities for businesses. In fact, our businesses are pursuing us all for higher ambition and for predictability of the investment environment. Science continues to guide us. The Finnish Climate Change Panel, established under our Climate Act, provides scientific advice that contributes to both public trust and policy legitimacy. Excellencies. In times of uncertainty and accelerating change, we must show that we are in this together. Especially all major emitters should present NDCs in line with science. COP30 must send a clear message that we are accelerating this transition away from fossil fuels. Ten years after Paris, there is no time to lose. Thank you.

Thank you, Your Excellency. I now invite His Excellency Yang Sokphaleth, Minister of Environment of the Kingdom of Cambodia.

Please, you have the floor.

Excellencies, Co-Chairs, Excellencies, ladies and gentlemen, Cambodia extends its sincere appreciation to the UN Secretariat for convening this climate summit. Under the leadership of Prime Minister Hun Manet and with a strong foundation of political stability built by Prime Minister Hun Sen, Cambodia has reaffirmed its commitment to the Paris Agreement. This commitment is demonstrated through the submission of its NDC 3.0 on August 8, 2025. which outlines an ambitious plan to reduce greenhouse gas emission by up to 55% by 2035. Our NDC 3.0 includes 163 priority actions across mitigations, adaptations, and enabling measures, all working toward our goal of achieving carbon neutrality by 2050. This plan will require estimated 32 billion in international climate investment. Key focus sectors are energy, industry, agriculture, forest, and waste. Cambodia welcome the recent COP29 outcome and its goal of 300 billion in annual climate finance. We hope COP30 in Brazil will accelerate action to fight against climate change. Cambodia is ready to act, to lead, and to partner for cleaner, greener, and more sustainable future for all. Thank you.

Thank you, Your Excellency. I now invite His Excellency Dr. Ayman Suleiman, Minister of Environment of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. Please, you have the floor.

Good evening. Mr. President, Excellencies, I'll try to be as short as possible because I fully understand the situation people are having now. We are in the final countdown to limit the global temperature rise to 1.5 degrees Celsius. This moment between COP29 in Baku and COP30 in Berlin demands renewed ambition. Jordan urges the world to close the gap between commitment and delivery with fair burden sharing. As the second most water-scarce country hosting over 1.3 billion refugees, we launched the Climate Refugees Nexus Initiative to spotlight compound vulnerabilities, climate action, must focus where pressure is greatest. Despite the financial constraints, Jordan has achieved 75% of its obliged over 30 greenhouse gas emission reduction by 2030. Guided by our green growth plan and economic modernization vision, Nearly 30% of the electricity comes from renewables, and over 30 of passengers' cars are electric or hybrid. Our MRV system earned regional recognition for transparency. We are preparing the NDCs 3.0, evaluating youth, women, and persons with disabilities to ensure inclusive and justice climate action. We will come COP 29th 300 billion climate finance bridge, but call for predictable, flexible support focused on adaptation, water resilience, and green transition. Excellencies, Jordan advances five priorities, clean energy, water smart infrastructure, green finance, and transparent data system, and the regional cooperation. Though we emit less than 0.06% of global emissions, we bear disproportionate burdens. Climate equity must guide the global support. Finally, let's rise to this moment with the clarity, courage, and collective resolve. Thank you.

Thank you, Your Excellency. Excellencies, we are fast running out of time. We have very little interpretation in the room. And for those of you who prefer to submit a written statement, please notify our staff and you will be removed from the list. but included as a speaker in the final records of our meeting. Having that said, I now invite His Excellency Bojan Komar, Minister of Environment, Climate and Energy of the Republic of Slovenia.

Please, you have the floor.

Thank you, Mr. Chair. Mr. President, Excellencies, ladies and gentlemen, Global climate action is a critical milestone. The new indices will shape the pace of decarbonization in the near future. At COP30, we will be able to assess whether the world collectively is on the right path to keep 1.5 degrees goal within reach. In a recent historic advisory opinion, The International Court of Justice affirmed that the countries are legally obliged to act on climate change. This is a strong signal before COP30 that each country must do its utmost to strengthen global climate regime. Slovenia is actively implementing its global commitments at home. In July this year, we adopted our first national climate law. with the objective of achieving climate neutrality by 2045 at the latest. With this goal, we are enhancing our contribution to Paris Agreement and demonstrating that small countries can participate meaningfully and lead by example. Equally important, the law enshrines science-based decision making. It foresees an independent scientific advisory board, which also monitors and evaluates the implementation of our climate policies. Climate finance is a matter of climate justice. Emphasizing the importance of solidarity, Slovenia has raised its climate financing. We are also strengthening our support for multilateral funds including to the fund for the responding to loss and damage, which is crucial for those most affected. Let me also emphasize that human rights-based approach and gender equality are of key importance to climate negotiations with the right to clean, healthy, and also sustainable environment at its core. COP30 must be remembered as the moment we align words with action and promises with delivery. Let us demonstrate that multilateralism not only works, but that it is indispensable in current international circumstances. Thank you.

Thank you, Your Excellency. I now invite His Excellency Maxime Regent Koff, Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Belarus. Please, you have the floor.

Mr. Chairman, Excellencies, today, the consequences of climate change are not so critical for Belarus as for many other countries. However, we share a common concern about this phenomenon. We fully implement our commitments to reduce greenhouse gas emissions under the Paris Agreement. We have already reduced emissions by more than 40 percent compared to 1990 level, and we plan to do even more. We take a strategic approach to address climate change as well as effectively develop green and nuclear energy. By the way, I would like to remind you what kind of political noise we had over Belarus when we had been building our nuclear power plant. Now it's clear that it was driven under the protection of international corporations and in accordance with the interest of some European Union countries. At the same time, Belarus, like many other countries, faces hindered access to technology due to the Western economic restrictions and international trade barriers. If not for this, our contribution to the green agenda would have been even greater. A few thoughts on the topic. It's the Western countries that bear historical responsibility for the phenomenon of climate change because of their policy of plundering natural resources and the intensive industrial development during the centuries. Today, they are the ones who hypocritically manipulate the green agenda to suit their own interests, forcing everyone to adapt to their own rules. The world lags behind in this extremely costly green race. which for many developing countries could become nothing short of economic bondage, holding back their economic development. Yet they are the ones that suffer the most from the climate change. Today, at the opening of the session, the professor laid it all out correctly. We must fight for the future of the planet. But how? Some examples. How if the arms production in NATO countries grows and their military emissions increase to 15%? The boycott by the Western countries, the airspace of a number of states is another so-called contribution to the negative process of climate change. For example, the increase of the duration of flights over the comparatively small country of Belarus caused an additional 250 tons of carbon dioxide emissions daily. What if we calculate this figure based on flight bans to Russia and other countries? All the solutions to mitigating climate change are right there. It's simple as that. We must stop hypocrisy and politicizing the issue of climate change by curbing unilateral coercive measures and ensuring technology transfer to countries in need, fairness and equality, as China's President Xi Jinping rightly noted, and only concerted efforts through national actions and international cooperation. Thank you for your attention.

Thank you, Your Excellency. I now invite Her Excellency, Djami Diallo, Minister of Environment and Sustainable Development of the Republic of Guinea.

Please, you have the floor.

Excellency, Honorable Excellencies, participants, it's a great honor for me to take the floor today. to speak about the efforts that are taken by my country, Guinea, to combat climate change, as well as to speak about the many challenges that remain in this area. Guinea has not been spared from climate change, which is marked by a general increase in average temperatures, an average decrease in precipitation, especially in the northwest and northeast of the country, changing frequency and distribution of precipitation, and sea level rise. This dysregulation has also been accompanied by other effects. This creates dramatic effects for four extremely vulnerable sectors in Guinea: agriculture and livestock, water resources, coastal regions, and forests. In particular, These natural cycles, one natural cycle in Fouta Djalo is subject of our attention in Guinea. There has been major deterioration of water resources as well as the soil of this massif, which has reduced its value as a water reservoir for the entire West African subregion. Ladies and gentlemen, keenly aware of the threats of this regulation for our country's economy, we are committed to implementing our nationally determined contributions adopted in July 2021 in its second version. Strong measures were taken over the past four years with tangible results on the ground, especially in the sectors of energy and forest, which contribute greatly to the reduction of emissions. Guinea has made great efforts to make to establish a major hydroelectric dam. We also have made immense efforts to implement reforestation projects, which target extensions of protected areas and mouths of rivers. We are waiting for the outcome of the evaluation of our second NDC, which will take place next month in Kona Kri. Our efforts will have allowed us to attain 58% of our fixed objective for 2030. Additional efforts, however, are necessary, especially in the sectors of transport, waste management, and agriculture in order to attain the overall goals that we have set. Ladies and gentlemen, we have provisions in place for our second NDC. We are updating our partnership plans. UN agencies are piloting adaptation and social and gender inclusion policies. Guinea is strongly committed to implementing its NDC, and we hope that the necessary funding for attaining our climate goals will be mobilized for NDC3 in order to implement and strengthen our ambition to make Guinea a prosperous, green, and sustainable country. Thank you.

Thank you, Your Excellency. We invite speakers to retain to the two-minute limit. I now invite His Excellency Jacques Assogari Konan, Minister of Environment, Sustainable Development and Ecological Transition of Cote d'Ivoire. Please, you have the floor.

Excellencies, Chair, ladies and gentlemen, on behalf of His Excellency, Mr. Alassane Ouattara, President of the Republic of Cote d'Ivoire, I would like to express our deep gratitude to the organizers of this summit. which is taking place a few weeks before COP30, which will be as decisive as COP21, we hope. COP21, which led to the Paris Agreement. Droughts, flooding, food and sanitation crises are becoming increasingly frequent. Africa is responsible for only 4% of greenhouse gas emissions, but has suffered the greatest impact of climate change. Our development efforts are being compromised every year. In light of this, Cote d'Ivoire has chosen to act. We have adopted in 2025 the first climate law, which lays out a clear trajectory toward carbon neutrality, and we've submitted our biennial transparency report. We have established a national carbon market, established as well a national portfolio of green projects and incorporated climate goals in our national development plan. But we know that isolated efforts will not be sufficient. Climate financing remains unequally distributed, concentrated in a small number of countries. and too focused on mitigation, whereas Africa needs adaptation. And too often, this finance takes the form of loans. That is why Cote d'Ivoire calls for a new era of climate responsibility based on three major priorities. First of all, rebalancing financing in favor of adaptation, which is so important for our populations. Second priority, transforming climate debt into investment opportunities for resilience through innovative mechanisms and a reform of the international financial system. Third priority, simplifying and democratizing access to resources by strengthening national capacity, as well as providing local communities with direct access to financing. Excellencies, ladies and gentlemen, Africa does not ask for any special privileges. It asks for justice. Cote d'Ivoire, for its part, will remain fully mobilized. We believe that the environmental transition must be a vector of social justice, shared prosperity, and dignity for our peoples. Thank you.

Thank you, Your Excellency. I now invite Her Excellency Carla Alexandre Oreste do Rosario Fernandes, Minister of Finance of Mozambique.

Please, you have the floor.

Thank you, Mr. President, ministers, delegation heads. It's an honor and privilege that in the name of the Mozambican government, I am here at this high-level event in a context where the country is to finalize his NDC. to submit it to the framework of the UN about climate change. The increase of climate change is a priority for our development in Mozambique. And it's a priority in all sectors of activity. We have been suffering extreme climatic events that are increasing in intensity. We've had droughts, cyclones, salinization of the soil, which causes a negative impact on the livelihood of peoples. This impact undermines our efforts to attain the country's goals expressed in the energy strategy transition that aims at sustainable clean energy forms and the national strategy of climate finance. We intend to increase our mission by improving the quality of our climatic effort by developing the potential of mitigation in the least explored sectors of NDCs like waste, industries, swamplands, and oil. We want to improve our emissions transparency and increase efficiency of these actions. Because of that, our future NDC will reinforce the adaptation component in six fundamental sectors: agriculture, forest and blue economy, health and education, infrastructure, social protection, water resources, sanitation, hygiene. That's why at this summit, we reiterate our commitment to reinforce our mission before COP30, accelerate the implementation of our national adaptation plan, including solutions that are not centralized, mobilize public and private tools, like that SWAT's climate fund guarantees to reduce risks to attract capital for resilient projects and. Regular. Coordinate the carbon market in our priority is simple, protect people and the planet. aligned with the objective of the Paris Agreement without leaving anybody behind. We believe that this climate summit can be a turning point when we share commitments and options to build a new era of clean strategy, clean energy, inclusive prosperity, and climate security for all. Thank you for your attention.

Thank you, Your Excellency. I now invite His Excellency Osman Saleh Mohammed, Foreign Minister of Eritrea.

Please, you have the floor.

Excellencies, ladies and gentlemen, Eritrea, like many nations on the front lines, has been experiencing severe and escalating impacts of climate change. Increasing temperatures and erratic precipitation are driving disasters that undermine our economy and threaten the livelihoods of our people. In the face of these challenges, the state of Eritrea is fully committed to a path of climate resilience and low-carbon development. As a testimony of this, We have prepared our ambitious third Nationally Determined Contribution, NDC, which will be submitted prior to COP30. In this regard, our message today is focused on three pillars, ambition, clarity, and partnership. First, on ambition, Eritrea is putting forward a robust conditional target, which represents its highest possible ambition With our internal resources, we commit to an 8.6% reduction below business as usual. If international support is secured, Eritrea can do much more in achieving a 24.4% reduction by 2030. This will actually bend our emissions curve downward, bringing them below our 2018 levels. Second, on clarity, we have a clear investment ready pipeline to get there. Our strategy is focused on two transformative pillars, a clean energy transformation and large scale nature-based solutions. Third, on partnership, achieving this highest ambition requires partnership. The total investment needed is approximately 1.3 billion USD. While we are investing significantly ourselves, we call on our development partners to support 63.4% of this total. This is not merely a request. It is an invitation to invest in high impact projects that will deliver measurable results for the climate and for the most vulnerable. Eritrea is ready to do its part within its internal capacity to deter the effects of climate change, in particular, and environmental degradation at large. The government of the state of Eritrea remains politically committed in mobilizing its financial and human resources. Having said that, we call upon the international community, and especially most polluter countries, to live up to their historical responsibility in doing what is required from them by taking the lead, addressing groundbreaking measures domestically and sharing the knowledge, skill and technology they acquired and mobilizing adequate financial resources that are reliable and accessible to who needs and when they need it most. Eritrea believes concerted effort can make a big difference. Thank you.

Thank you, Your Excellency. I now invite His Excellency Faisal Bentaleb, Minister of Labor, Employment, and Social Security of Algeria. Please, you have the floor. Syria.

Mr. Chair, my country has worked on an effective strategy through our national climate plan for the period 2020 to 2030. This strategy is in line with our national mandate and takes into consideration our international obligations, including through the UNFCCC and other agreements and protocols that are affiliated to the UNFCCC. Our NDCs have included a number of arenas in order to enhance mitigation efforts and reduce emissions of CO2 and adapt to climate changes. We have launched a number of national projects including the rebuilding of the Green Dam and our leading ecology project, uh, Inland and Air. We have also developed national projects for renewable energy, including 2,300 megawatts of energy through solar energy, and we have added other renewable sources projects. We have also dedicated more than $7 billion over the next five years to achieving our renewable energy goals. It is particularly important to take into consideration the specificities of all countries when setting international plans from a basis of common but differentiated responsibilities in a manner that can ensure harmonization between climate requirements and specific national development priorities. It is also important to give paramount importance to the actual commitment on the part of developed states to provide funding to developing states, especially given developing states limited capacities and minimal contribution to global emissions. In conclusion, Algeria renews its commitment to joint action, especially through the UN COP, which will be hosted this year by the friendly state of Brazil. This is in order to develop a national climate policy on bases that are effective, sustainable, and just. Thank you.

Thank you, Your Excellency. I now invite His Excellency Yerlan Nysanbayev, Minister of Ecology and Natural Resources of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

Please, you have the floor.

Excellent, sir. Good Chair, distinguished colleagues, Kazakhstan has constantly worked toward carbon neutrality by 2060. Our NDC is an important step in this direction. We are working to ensure that the new goals we set are even more ambitious. To this end, we have established concrete plans and projects with specific timelines and budgets. We have made great progress already. We became the first country in Central Asia to launch its national system of carbon credits. This system is constantly being improved and its scope increased so that it is more predictable and understandable for businesses. We are ensuring that investors can plan out their investments and have confidence in long-term rules. We are working to reduce methane emissions, which is one of the fastest and most effective ways of slowing global warming. Kazakhstan is reducing our greenhouse gas emissions and are working to reduce leaks. We also have a program on increasing potential for further reducing methane emissions. We know that the climate agenda is not just about the environment, it also is about social stability. We have established a program for retraining workers so that they can switch to highly in-demand professions in the area of clean energy and infrastructure servicing. We are boosting regional cooperation. Central Asia is a energy, water, and production zone as a whole. Problems in one country creates problems for its neighbors, and that is why we promote a regional dialogue for modernizing energy systems, as well as joint management of water resources and increasing sustainability of agriculture. We believe it's important for our region to work together to ensure that no country or community is left behind. Kazakhstan calls on its international partners to support us along three major lines. First of all, assistance for preparing and financing projects, especially those that could be quickly launched, modernizing networks, increasing energy efficiency, and transitioning toward clean energy and heating. Secondly, joint work on reducing methane emissions Here, what's important is not just technology, but accessible financing, as well as an exchange of experience so that operators in the oil and gas sector and agriculture can quickly adopt new practices. And lastly, making climate financing more simple, predictable, and accessible for transitional economies such as Kazakhstan, so that these funds can more quickly reach projects and create results. We need a sense of urgency. and to support each other. If we do so, we can help keep global warming within the threshold of 1.5 degrees Celsius so that we can create a more sustainable and healthy future for our countries and peoples. We're prepared to contribute to this collective goal. Thank you.

Thank you, Your Excellency. I now invite His Excellency Ahmanata Nasir, Vice Minister for Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia.

Please, you have the floor.

Thank you, Chairperson. Indonesia reaffirms its commitment to the Paris Agreement of net zero by 2060, but we are confident to achieving it much earlier and fully in line with the 1.5 degree pathway. To this end, we will accelerate renewable energy, phase down coal in a just transition, harness forest and mangrove as natural climate solution, and cut emission through innovation and electrification. Indonesia is also ready to lead the global carbon market, showcasing its high integrity credit at COP30, backed by strong certification. We invite government and investors to partner with us through credit purchase, joint investment, and technology transfer. Carbon revenue will restore ecosystem, empower communities, and support workers. But ambition must go hand in hand with justice, developing countries' needs, finance, technology, and fair partnership. The $100 billion pledge must be met. Private financing must be predictable, accessible, and affordable with public finance leading the way. Indonesia is ready to work with partners through G20, South-South cooperation, ASEAN, and the G20. For Indonesia, climate action is a driver to green growth, creating jobs, reducing poverty, and building resilience. Excellencies, time is against us. The choice is clear, another lost year or a turning point where words becomes action. Indonesia has chosen action and invites all nations to walk with us to keep the 1.5 degrees Celsius alive, protect our children's future, and prove that multilateralism can deliver. I thank you.

Thank you, Your Excellency. I now invite His Excellency Edouard Bizimana, Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Burundi.

Please, you have the floor.

Thank you, Chair.

Mr. Chair, distinguished delegates, excellencies, ladies and gentlemen, for us, it's a great honor to take the floor. at the United Nations to speak about a very important subject for the future of humanity. We also would like to sincerely thank the Secretary General of the UN for his unwavering commitment, as well as to all of the technical and financial partners that are committed to combating climate change. Mr. Chair, Burundi, although it is responsible of a negligibly small percentage of global greenhouse gas emissions, is disproportionately impacted by climate change, flooding, landslides, food insecurity, and displacement of populations. Keenly aware of these challenges, my country has made clear and concrete pledges. We have updated our Nationally Determined Contribution, that is the NDC. We have expanded our ambitions, taking into account the principle of gender equity and social inclusion as well. We have also increased or expanded our institutional monitoring, reporting and verification framework. in accordance with the requirements of transparency under the Paris Agreement. Mr. Chair, distinguished colleagues, the climate transition, a just climate transition, is not possible without tailored support for least developed countries. Therefore, Burundi reiterates its call for simplified, equitable, and predictable access to climate financing, especially for adaptation initiatives, as well as for strengthening national capacity and an effective transfer of green technology in accordance with international commitments. We call for an effective implementation of decisions stemming from the COP and the Glasgow Pact, especially when it comes to loss and damages, as well as the mobilization of $100 billion as promised. Mr. Chair. In closing, Burundi remains staunchly committed to climate action. We believe in strong multilateralism, in effective climate solidarity, and in environmental justice as the foundations of our common action. Here, we reaffirm our resolve to actively contribute to achieving the goals of the Paris Agreement while upholding the right of sustainable development of our people. Thank you for your attention.

Thank you, Your Excellency. I now invite His Excellency Yuzipbek Qasbaikov, Deputy Minister of Ecology of Uzbekistan.

Please, you have the floor.

Thank you. Distinguished ladies and gentlemen, your excellencies, it's an honor to speak on behalf of the Republic of Uzbekistan at the special high-level event on climate action. I thank Secretary-General for his leadership in keeping climate ambitions high on the global agenda. 2025 is a crucial year as the countries prepare to submit updated NDCs ahead of COP30 in Belm. The climate crisis is accelerating. Now is the time for bold actions and shared responsibility. Under our current NDC, Uzbekistan committed to reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 35% per unit of GDP by 2030. At the moment, we have already reached 34.8% target. Our new NDC, now at the final stage of government review, has been developed in the line with Uzbekistan's 2030 strategy and the state program for 2025, which was announced as a year of environmental protection and green economy. These programmatic strategies initiated by the President of Uzbekistan, His Excellency Shavkat Mirziyoyev, set ambitious goals. including expanding the generation of renewable energy to 25,000 megawatts and increasing the share of renewables to 54% within the next five years, cutting emissions by 16 million tons annually, doubling the energy efficiency across all sectors, achieving 95% coverage by solid waste collection, with 35% of its use for energy generation, expanding forests to 6.1 million hectares, including 2.3 million hectares in the bottom of the dried Aral Sea, increasing protected areas to 14.5% of national territory. We aim at reaching carbon neutrality by 2050. All of the above actions are directed to significantly reduce the carbon intensity of our economy. Therefore, Uzbekistan is ready to raise its ambitions and present NDC 3.0 at COP30 in Belm. Dear participants, we believe that nature knows no borders. Recently established Central Asian University of Environmental and Climate Change Studies in Tashkent And we call it Green University. And initiatives like environmental exhibition held every year as EcoExpo Central Asia are advancing regional cooperation, innovation, and technology transfer. We stand ready to work with all nations to protect our planet for future generations. Thank you very much.

Thank you, Your Excellency. I now invite Her Excellency Heidi Rombaut, Deputy Minister for Development, Cooperation and Humanitarian Affairs of Belgium.

Please, you have the floor.

Excellencies, distinguished guests, colleagues, the climate crisis is no longer a distant threat. It is here, it is now. It is measured in flooded homes, failed harvests and families forced to leave everything behind. Every fraction of a degree matters. Every year costs lives. That is why the EU and Belgium within it will present an ambitious new NDC ahead of COP30 in Belem, aligned with the 1.5 degrees Celsius goal. This is not just a number on paper. It is about lives. Belgium is ready to play its part. We are pioneers of the energy transition. In the North Sea, our offshore wind farms already power millions of homes, and we aim to make the North Sea among Europe's largest sources of renewable energy. In the past five years, we have doubled solar capacity. and our ports are turning into green energy hubs, leading the shift to climate-neutral industry. We are also rethinking the way we move goods around and across the globe. Belgium, with its proud maritime tradition, is shaping the future of green shipping. Our shipowners are investing in next-generation vessels powered by alternative fuels. The first will sail next year. Together with partners, we are working on hydrogen projects and green shipping corridors. That is why we call on all IMO members to formally approve the net zero framework at the October plenary. This agreement is historic. It sets binding emission limits and carbon pricing for shipping. It is both a climate imperative and an engine of innovation and sustainable growth. We cannot afford to let short-term politics block a breakthrough for the planet that desperately needs it. But our responsibility does not stop at home. Climate justice means solidarity. Belgium is stepping up its climate finance. for the most vulnerable, especially in Africa. Even in a difficult budgetary context, we have increased investments in adaptation, from early warning systems in the Sahel to the protection of central African forests to the implementation of NDCs across the continent. At the same time, we emphasise private sector development. We do this not alone, but with Governments, with civil society and with the private sector, because only by creating opportunities for sustainable businesses and climate-smart technologies can we ensure change that lasts. At the heart of our approach is one simple principle: leave no one behind. That means protecting the most vulnerable, empowering women and children, and ensuring that a just transition does not deepen inequalities, but heals them. Excellencies, colleagues, COP30 in Belem will be a defining moment. The world will ask, are we serious? Are we ready to match words with action? Do we say yes to ambitious goals? and targets. Do we say yes to co-operation? We have to say yes to protecting our planet for the next generation. Let us choose courage over delay. Let us choose unity over division. Let us prove together that climate action is not just possible; it is unstoppable. The time is now. Let us rise to it together. Thank you.

Thank you, Your Excellency. I now invite His Excellency Reverend Paul Damazani, Deputy Chief Secretary to the President and Cabinet of the Republic of Zimbabwe.

Please, you have the floor.

Thank you, Your Excellencies. Zimbabwe welcomes the convening of this special event. because it sees climate change as one of the most pressing challenges of our time. And Zimbabwe, like many developing countries, has not been spared of the scourge, and we continue grappling with climate change-induced droughts, floods, heat waves, and cyclones, and other extreme weather phenomena whose devastating effects on our agricultural sector negatively impacts food security, amongst many other things. It is also with pride that I announce our submission of the country's third general national determined contribution 3.0 country statement in February of this year, which underscores our unwavering commitment to both reducing greenhouse gas emissions and enhancing climate change adaptation and resilience. We are proud as a nation and as part of Africa to present such an NDC because it is a testament of the value we place on concerted climate action. We cannot do it alone. We can do it with everybody else. Our NDC 3.0 outlines ambitious climate targets within the framework of our low carbon development pathway. We recognize that economic growth must not come at the expense of our environment, instead, it should enhance the well-being of our people while safeguarding our ecosystems. Through innovative practices in agriculture, waste management, energy use efficiency, industry, and forest conservation, Zimbabwe aims to reduce its per capita greenhouse gas emissions by 40% per capita by 2035, relative to the business as usual trajectory. Excellencies and colleagues. Allow me to share key highlights of our Zimbabwe's third generation NDC. The country's mitigation measures have been increased to 27 from 17 in the 2021 revised NDC, proposing additional mitigation measures within the energy sector, agriculture, and forestry sectors. This showcases our efforts to accelerate the just transition towards renewable energy, climate-smart agriculture, forest conservation, methane capture, and green production. The assessed mitigation measures are expected to reduce the 2035 business as unusual greenhouse gas emissions by 49,945.40 gigagrams of carbon dioxide equivalent. presenting the country's firm and ambitious conditional contribution and commitment to the Paris Agreement. Excellencies, the level of ambition in Zimbabwe's NDC 3.0 requires adequate, predictable, and accessible climate finance, as well as technical support. Zimbabwe requires USD 19 billion in investment to finance its NDC 3.0. Unmet climate finance commitments continue to threaten progress towards the Paris Agreement. In this regard, Zimbabwe calls on developed world parties to honour their commitments and scale up investment in sustainable solutions to ensure that the countries who are at least responsible for greenhouse gas emissions do not continue to disproportionately bear the brunt of the impacts of climate change. I wish to conclude by expressing Zimbabwe's gratitude to His Excellency, President Lula da Silva and the Secretary-General for their leadership, particularly as we now start building towards COP30 in Belem, Brazil. As we look into the future, we must heed the lessons learned from our past experiences with climate variability and recognize that our collective success hinges on urgency and ambition. Zimbabwe stands ready to collaborate with all nations towards shared objectives, ensuring a just, equitable, and sustainable future for generations to come. I thank you and may God bless you.

Thank you, Your Excellency. Excellencies, we will now move to the closing session. Those of you who have not been able to speak are kindly invited to submit statements in writing for posting in the Climate Summit web and inclusion in the Chair's summary. I now invite Kantuta Konde, a young representative, to speak.

You have the floor.

Thank you so much. First of all, I want to thank my sister, Lena Goins, who is still in the room, another youth who is member of the Youth Advisory Group on Climate Change to the SU. Excellencies, Masoumeh Jalal-Tahwi, I speak to you as a young indigenous woman from the Plurinational State of Bolivia. I stand here where our collective present and future are being decided, yet the voices of those most affected are still too often absent. You carry a profound responsibility to deliver on commitments upon which life on Earth depends. We have indeed seen progress. but the pace remains far behind what science, traditional knowledge, and justice and youth demand. I ask you, will you choose courage? Indigenous peoples, we are doing our part, defending our territories with life itself. Young people, we are doing our part, raising our voices and standing at the front lines against climate change. Women, we are doing our part, leading with resilience and vision. Yet, while the most affected act with courage every day, the global response continues to fall short of what is needed. By COP30, all parties must submit new NDCs that are aligned to 1.5 degrees. This must be rooted in climate justice and serve as real steps forward to rebuild what is in this room, trust and

strengthened multilateral collaboration. But paper promises mean nothing without action. Will you choose courage by delivering NDCs that match the scale of the crisis? For decades, Indigenous Peoples were denied a seat at the table. In 1923, Chief Deskaheh traveled to Geneva to address the League of Nations but was denied entry. Yet, the truth of our message was stronger than all of the barriers that we faced. After decades of persistence, the UN adopted the UN declarations on the rights of indigenous peoples, a landmark that protects our lands and waters, and it strengthens our contributions to mitigation and adaptation. This history reminds us that when human rights and participation are secured, solutions emerge. I ask you, will you choose courage by ensuring human rights and participation in climate action? Excellencies, there is no longer an option to remain cautious. or to choose convenience. The only choice before us is courage. Courage to lead with justice. Courage not to give up. You must choose courage. Hiya, Mother Earth. Thank you.

Thank you, Cantuta, for your invaluable message. And I now invite Dr. Anna Toni, COP30 CEO, to deliver concluding remarks on behalf of the incoming COP30 presidency. Dr. Anna Toni, please, you have the floor.

Thank you. Thank you very much. Thank you for all of you, but especially I wanted to thank the United Nations in the name of our Deputy General Secretary, Amina Mohammed, for organizing this summit. It was really, really important for COP30. I also wanted to thank the UN Secretary General and yourself, and Selwyn here with us, for the 10 solutions dialogues that we had also during this week, on different topics that helped us to really boost the energy in terms of not only the action agenda, but some of the key agreements that we wanted to get at COP30. We have been here since 2 o'clock in this afternoon, and we have witnesses, country after country, reinforcing their commitment and their compromise to the Paris Agreement and to multilateralism. That gives us so much of the energy that we need for COP30. And it's very, very clear from all what we heard here that time is our scarcest resources. We are in a climate emergency. I was so pleased to hear that we had so many countries coming forward, around 100 countries that now will be compromising with their NDC for COP30. This is a substantial number and much, much higher than we had just a couple of weeks ago. And that shows the commitment of all countries to the Paris Agreement and obviously to multilateralism. So I wanted to thank all the countries that expressed also their support for COP30 and for Brazil in our presidency going forward. And we look forward very much to see all of you in Berlin very quickly, I think it's 46 days for the COP in Bali. So I hope to see you all there. And again, thank you very much. Thank you.

Thank you, Dr. Anantony. I am now pleased to invite the Deputy Secretary General, Amina Mohammed, to provide closing remarks. Please, you have the floor.

Thank you very much, Her Excellency, Dr. Anantony, our Chief Executive of the COP30. Excellencies, youth representatives, and our friends here, I'd like to start by thanking all of you that have participated in today's meeting and stayed through to the end, as well as those that participated in the climate solution dialogues that took place across the past three days. And Antonio mentioned those. This afternoon's session started with a clarion call from science. that it is possible to limit global temperature rise to 1.5 degrees this century, but only if countries act with urgency, determination, and solidarity. And now we close with a passionate call from youth to accelerate climate action and progress on the SDGs to deliver a safer, more sustainable planet for future generations. As emissions continue to climb, climate extremes are accelerating. We've heard they're destroying lives, demolishing livelihoods, and upending economies. It's also pushing many into poverty, driving mass displacement, and we know that the current geopolitical uncertainties and divisions and economic challenges that the world is committed to climate action. Over 100 countries, almost 40 at the level of heads of state and government, have come to announce or reiterate their new climate targets or their intent to bring them forward to COP30. This sends a message of unity, hope and optimism that climate remains a priority, and with commitments from governments, businesses and finance to act. Today's announcement of newly determined contributions represent a positive step forward on the road to COP30 in Belem. Leaders across the world have stood together to show that even at a moment of division and uncertainty, the resolve and determination to fight the climate crisis is alive and strong. We had close to 100 parties representing more than 66% of global emissions that have now submitted or made announcements of their new NDC targets, and that's quite amazing. We now know there's a momentum as we go to COP. We are seeing a clear collective response to the first global stocktake of the Paris Agreement with countries bringing forward economy-wide targets covering all sectors and greenhouse gases, many for the first time, including China, Barbados, Nepal, Nigeria, and Singapore. Countries have brought forward new targets for increasing renewables integration, increasing energy efficiency, reducing fossil fuel consumption, and reducing the methane emissions and protecting forests. Countries are also increasing incorporating adaptation considerations and financing costs into their new NDCs. Many others have committed to presenting their new NDCs by COP30. Ahead of COP30, every country that has not yet finalized its new NDC must try to do so without any further delay. We also heard commitments to strengthen climate justice, increase support for developing countries to advance their energy transitions, to bolster their economies and adapt to a changing and more dangerous climate change. Countries also emphasize their firm commitment to international cooperation when it comes to tackling the climate crisis. And I'm grateful to all who turned up and made those commitments today. In doing so, you've chosen to embrace the new clean energy economy that has emerged in the 10 years since Paris, contributing to economic growth, creating millions of decent jobs, and improving public health. while making energy more accessible and affordable. But while progress is made, it's clearly not enough. Science tells us a much greater ambition and implementation are required if we are to keep the 1.5 degree limit within reach. This is not a moment for despair, but it is for determination and deliberate action. It is a moment to take stock, recalibrate, and prepare for the hard work that needs to be done at COP30 in Brazil. By COP30, we will have a clearer picture of how far off track the world is to meet the Paris goals. And in Belem, countries will need to respond with a clear plan to close the ambition gap, along with the gaps in ambition on adaptation and finance. It's therefore essential that COP30, under the leadership of Brazil, delivers a bold and credible response to the NDC ambition gap and signals that 2025 represents a turning point. the beginning of a decade of acceleration, delivery, and implementation. This must include a credible path to mobilizing the $1.3 trillion annually in climate finance by 2035, as we all agreed at COP29, which also addresses issues such as accessibility, affordability, and debt. This COP must also provide developing countries with a clear signal that the enabling political and economic conditions will be in place to not just meet, but exceed their targets. The outcomes of this meeting, including from the 10 solutions dialogues, provide a solid basis to build on, with concrete recommendations to drive progress on finance, adaptation, energy, deforestation, and many more. The recommendations will go into a chair summary to be released shortly and taken forward by the COP30 presidency. So we have the solutions, tools, and technologies to transform and decarbonize our energy systems, transport, and industry, as well as to protect people, restore our forests, and other natural capital. What we lack is the speed, scale, and that must be changed now. Excellencies, the next decade will be decisive. Turning the global economy off fossil fuels and onto renewables is a Herculean task, but it is one that is entirely possible. As the Secretary General said, we have economics and the law on our side, and overwhelmingly, public support. Today also demonstrated that there is political will. Today's meeting showed the political will remains strong, and multilateralism, justice, and solidarity remain at the core of our efforts to solve the climate crisis. So let's build on that foundation on the road to COP30. Let's summon the courage that we heard our young person talk to, to act at the scale and with a sense of urgency that this moment demands. Thank you all.