(Main Committee III) Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT)

I declare open the first meeting of Main Committee Three of the 2026 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons. Excellencies, distinguished delegates, ladies and gentlemen, we are about to start our deliberations in the Main Committee Three. I would like to begin by highlighting the importance of the themes we are going to tackle during the next few days and weeks. It is an often repeated conventional wisdom that many issues under the third pillar and under the title, peaceful uses of nuclear energy, somehow enjoy a benign welcome among the state parties. Personally, I want to believe this is the case. Peaceful uses of both power and non-power solutions greatly benefit the states parties. especially the applications in the fields of health, agriculture, industrial processes, and waste management, to name but a few, are of interest to all of the 191 States Parties. However, we all understand that the treaty is indivisible. Pillars are mutually reinforcing, and for a successful outcome, a balanced and comprehensive set of both review and forward-looking issues of all three pillars need to be found between States Parties. I personally believe that our pillar can make a major contribution to the overall outcome of the Review Conference. We need to look back to see what has been accomplished, and we need to look forward to agreeing upon what needs to be done during the next cycle to make full use of the Treaty for all its members. With these musings, I will do my utmost to engage in an open and transparent manner with all delegations and to conduct the proceedings of this Committee in an efficient and effective way. I count on your cooperation and support. Let us now turn to the organization of work. According to the agenda, which was adopted at the first meeting of the Review Conference, and the decision on the allocation of items to the main committees of the Conference, this committee will deal with the following issues: Item 16, review of the operation of the Treaty as provided for in its Article 8, paragraph 3, taking into account the decisions and the resolution adopted by the 1995 Review and Extension Conference, the final document of the 2000 Review Conference and the conclusions and recommendations for follow-on actions of the 2010 Review Conference; d) Implementation of the provisions of the Treaty relating to the inalienable right of all Parties to the Treaty to develop research, production and use of nuclear energy for peaceful purposes without discrimination and in conformity with Articles I and II; Roman 1, Article 3, paragraph 3 and 4, Preambular paragraph 6 and 7, especially in their relationship to Article 3, paragraphs 1, 2 and 4, and Preambular paragraphs 4 and 5. Roman 2, Article 5, E, other provisions of the Treaty. Item 17, role of the Treaty in the promotion of non-proliferation of nuclear weapons and of nuclear disarmament in strengthening international peace and security and measures aimed at strengthening the implementation of the Treaty and achieving its universality. Furthermore, at its first meeting, the Conference established Subsidiary Body 3 under Main Committee 3 to consider the topic of improving the effectiveness of the strengthened review process. This morning, the Secretariat circulated the revised draft programme of work for Main Committee 3 and Subsidiary Body 3 contained in NPT/CONF.2026/IC.1. including the allocation of meetings for main committee 3 and subsidiary body 3. In addition, the revised draft indicative timetable for the work of main committee 3 and subsidiary body 3, bearing the symbol NPT/CONF.2026/ was also circulated. As outlined in these documents, it is my intention to first commence the meetings of this Main Committee with a general exchange of views on the issues relevant to both Main Committee III and Subsidiary Body III. Consistent with the statement by the President of the Conference, Given the limited number of meetings, we will proceed with our work on Main Committee III and Subsidiary Body 3 on a rolling basis. Following the exhaustion of the list of speakers for the general exchange of views, it is my intention to proceed immediately to the meetings of Subsidiary Body 3. Delegations are kindly requested to prepare accordingly. I thank you very much for your cooperation. Let us now move to the general exchange of views. Please allow me to now briefly share some guidelines for the conduct of our deliberations under this agenda item. It is in our shared interest to have a productive exchange of views encompassing the important issues, while allowing ample opportunity for the participation of all States Parties. First, inscription on the list of speakers on e-delegate is required for the general exchange of views. The list of speakers will be closed at the end of the meeting today at 6:00 p.m. In order to ensure that delegations can have advanced notice of the speaking order, QR codes for the list of speakers can be found around the room. Second, I wish to address the time limit for statements during the general exchange of views. As was advised by the President of the Conference, for the general exchange of views, there will be a timer shown on the screen, indicating one minute remains for the statement, followed by a strict microphone cut-off once the time limit has been reached. Delegations will recall that the time limit for statements are eight minutes for group statements and five minutes for national statements. Delegations that wish to do so are invited to provide longer versions of their statement to be posted on the website of the review conference. Third, delegations are kindly asked to provide their statements in advance for the interpretation services. They may do so by sending an electronic copy of their statement to e-statements@un.org and should clearly include the meeting, i.e. NPT Review Conference Main Committee III and delegation name in the subject line. In addition, delegations are kindly requested to e-mail electronic versions of their statements to the secretariat at npt@un.org. as early as possible for posting on the website of the Review Conference. Finally, delegations are requested to inform the Secretariat as soon as possible if they wish to exercise the right of reply. Rights of reply will be heard at the end of the meeting. With that said, I now turn to the list of speakers we have for the general exchange of views. I currently have 85 speakers on my list. The first speaker I have on my list is the distinguished representative of Indonesia, speaking on behalf of Non-Aligned Movement. Excellency, you have the floor.

Thank you, Mr. Chair. I'm honored to speak on behalf of the group member states of the Non-Aligned Movement parties to the NPT. The Group emphasizes that promoting international cooperation in the peaceful uses of nuclear energy for the realization of the inalienable rights of all the Parties to the Treaty to develop, research, production and use of nuclear energy for peaceful purposes, without discrimination and in conformity with Articles I and II of the Treaty, as stipulated in its Article VI, constitutes one of the fundamental objectives of the Treaty. It is an integral part of the grand bargain upon which the treaty enjoys their universal consensus. The group strongly call upon all states parties to the treaty to fully respect this inalienable rights and underscores that nothing in the treaty shall be interpreted as affecting this right. The group urges all states parties to enhance cooperations to ensure that the benefits of nuclear science become available worldwide, including through facilitating access to a diversified energy metrics. The Group further urges NPT States Parties to recommit to Action 56 of the 2010 Action Plan and continue to encourage national, bilateral and international efforts to train the necessary skilled workforce needed to develop and safeguard peaceful uses of nuclear energy. The Group reaffirms the importance of the respect for the rights of States Parties to participate in the fullest possible exchange of equipment, materials, and scientific and technological information for the peaceful uses of nuclear energy, as well as their right to cooperation among themselves, in particular in the technological field. The group calls on the Conference to reject any restrictions on the exchange of equipment, materials, or scientific and technological information required for the peaceful uses of nuclear energy. The Group also reaffirmed the inalienable rights of each State to develop, research, production and use of nuclear energy, including the sovereign right to develop the full national fuel cycle for peaceful purposes without discrimination. The Group remains deeply concerned about the ability of certain States that are not parties to the Treaty to obtain, in particular from some nuclear-weapon States, nuclear materials, technology and expertise to develop nuclear weapons. The Group strongly calls for the enforcement, without exceptions or further delay, of the total and complete prohibitions, as stipulated in the Treaty, of the transfer of nuclear technology and materials to States that are not parties to the Treaty and whose nuclear facilities are not subject to the safeguard regime of the IAEA. The Group recognizes that the responsibility for nuclear safety and nuclear security rests with individual States. Any multilateral norms, guidelines or rules on nuclear security should be pursued within the framework of the IAEA. NAM continues to note with concern that undue restrictions, including through non-inclusive and targeted export control regimes, on export to developing countries of material, equipment, and technology for peaceful purposes persists and emphasizes that measures and initiatives aimed at strengthening nuclear safety and security must not be used as a pretext or leverage to violate, deny, or restrict the inalienable rights of developing countries to develop research, production, and use of nuclear energy for peaceful purposes without discrimination. The group reaffirms the inviolability of peaceful nuclear activities and that any attack or threat of attack against peaceful nuclear facilities, operational or under constructions, poses a great danger to human lives and the environment and constitute a grave violations of international law, the principle and purposes of the Charter of the United Nations and the regulations of IAEA. And to recognize the need for a comprehensive, multilaterally negotiated, legally binding instruments prohibiting attacks and the threat of attacks on nuclear facilities devoted to peaceful uses of nuclear energy; and, pending the conclusion of such instruments, to strongly urge all States to refrain from attacks or the threat of attacks on such facilities. The Group reiterates that the IAEA's comprehensive safeguards agreements are the universal standard for verifications. with a view to preventing diversions of nuclear material and technology from peaceful uses to nuclear weapons or other nuclear explosive devices. The Group stresses that the IAEA Technical Co-operation Programme, as the main vehicle for the transfer of nuclear technology for peaceful purposes, should continue to be formulated and implemented in accordance with the IAEA Statute. The group calls for increasing the technical cooperation fund target, including to allow the implementations of the unfunded projects through sustainable and predictable financings. The group encourages the IAEA to continue supporting developing countries in realizing the sustainable development goals, including through the IAEA flagship initiative. The group takes note of the emerging issues related to the development of small modular reactors, including those associated with technology readiness, regulatory approaches, financing models and infrastructure considerations. In this context, the group emphasizes that the development and deployment of the SMRS should not hamper conditions or define member states access to the peaceful uses of nuclear energy. nor create implicit expectations or new benchmarks that could disadvantage developing countries. Mr. Chair, the Group also expresses concern that certain unilateral, politically motivated restrictions and/or limitations seriously hamper the exercise by developing States Parties of their inalienable rights to develop, research, production and use of nuclear energy for peaceful purposes, including to participate in the fullest possible exchange of equipment, material, and scientific and technological information for the peaceful uses of nuclear energy. The Group also reaffirms that any interpretation that is used as a pretext to prevent the transfer of nuclear technology for peaceful purposes is inconsistent with the object and purpose of the Treaty. and therefore strongly call for the fulfilment of the obligations under Article IV, paragraph 2 of the Treaty with regard to exports to other States Parties of nuclear material, equipment and technology for peaceful purposes. Lastly, Mr. Chair, the Group reiterates the need for caution in thoroughly addressing the associated technical, legal and economic aspects, as well as the underlying political dimensions of the issues of assurances of nuclear fuel supply. and to stress the necessity to ensure that any further considerations of this issue is based on a coherent and comprehensive conceptual framework that adequately addresses the views and concern of all State Parties. The full version of the statement will be submitted to the Secretariat. Thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative of Indonesia for the statement on behalf of the Non-Aligned Movement. The next speaker on my list is the distinguished representative of the European Union on behalf of European Union and its member states. The floor is yours, Excellency.

Thank you, Chair. I have the honour to speak on behalf of the European Union. The candidate countries Montenegro, Ukraine, Republic of Moldova, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Georgia, and the EFTA country Iceland, member of the European Economic Area, as well as Monaco and San Marino, align themselves with this statement. Let me congratulate you on your election as Chair of Main Committee III and assure you of the full support of the EU and its Member States. The official full version of our statement will be made available online. The EU reaffirms its support for the inalienable right of all NPT States Parties to develop research, production and use of nuclear energy for peaceful purposes without discrimination. Following the successful adoption of the Pact for the Future, the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Paris Climate Agreement remain a top priority for all UN organizations. We recognize the possible contributions of nuclear science, technology and applications in areas like human health, agriculture, food security and safety, water management, environmental protection or preservation of cultural and natural heritage. We also welcome the establishment of the Vienna Group of Friends of Food Security, currently co-chaired by the EU and Sudan. We continue to support activities on peaceful use of nuclear energy, technologies and provide technical expertise and know-how. We are among the largest donors of the technical cooperation programme. EU contributions include support in the area of nuclear medicine and other non-nuclear power applications, and bilateral cooperation, such as collaboration with South Africa and Namibia in advancing targeted alpha therapy to fight cancer, as showcased in a working paper presented to this Review Conference. Chair, the EU and its Member States reiterate their commitment to the highest levels of nuclear safety, security and safeguards. We encourage all States to establish and maintain comprehensive national nuclear safety and security frameworks based on the internationally recognized IAEA safety standards and security guidance. We stress the need to continuously improve nuclear safety and security for new technologies for the entire fuel cycle, including related concepts of small modular reactors. We also encourage all to make full use of the IAEA's peer review missions and advisory services. The EU reaffirms the central role of the IAEA in promoting, coordinating and strengthening the global nuclear security architecture. The universalisation and effective implementation of conventions benefit from EU financial support. We encourage all States that have not yet done so to adhere to nuclear safety and security conventions and fully implement their provisions, as well as to subscribe to the IAEA Code of Conduct on the Safety and Security of Radioactive Sources. Chair, Within the European Union, Euratom's research and training programme, with an emphasis on improving nuclear safety and security, has a budget of close to 2 billion euros. Ongoing activities include the repair of the damage caused to the New Safe Confinement at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant, caused by Russia's war of aggression against Ukraine, remediation activities in Central Asia, and cooperation with nuclear safety regulators in several African countries, with a budget of 300 million euros. The EU has contributed close to 70 million to the IAEA Nuclear Security Fund and will have contributed 175 million to the CBI and Centres of Excellence initiative, facilitating cooperation with 63 countries. We encourage the States concerned, on a voluntary basis, to minimize high enriched uranium in civilian stocks and use low enriched uranium and to share experiences in this regard. The entry into force of the CTBT as well as long-term sustainment of the International Monitoring System remain a priority for the EU. The IMS provides relevant data for managing radiological emergencies, preventing consequences of natural and man-made disasters, and for climate change research, among others. The EU and its Member States remain committed to promoting gender equality and remain the largest donor to the IAEA Marie Sklodowska-Curie Fellowship Programme and support the CDTBDO mentoring programme for early career women in STEM. Chair, the EU is concerned over the potential implications of armed attacks against nuclear facilities devoted to peaceful purposes. recalls the importance of upholding the IAEC seven pillars for ensuring nuclear safety and security in armed conflicts, and calls upon all States to refrain from such actions in accordance with international law. The EU highlights the difficulty of implementing nuclear safeguards and the verification of diversion of nuclear materials under armed conflict situations, and the consequent risk to nuclear proliferation. We note the relevant IAEA General Conference resolutions regarding armed attacks against nuclear facilities devoted to peaceful purposes, in accordance with international law, including the UN Charter, the Geneva Conventions and additional protocols thereto. We remain gravely concerned over the nuclear safety and security risks caused by Russia's war of aggression against Ukraine. We reiterate the importance of the IAEA support and assistance missions at all of Ukraine's nuclear facilities, including ZNPP. as well as its assessment of the risks and extent of damage of electricity substations. We urge Russia to refrain from carrying attacks on such infrastructure, which constitute a serious threat to nuclear safety and security. The EU and its Member States will continue to provide extensive support to Ukraine, both bilaterally and through the IAEA. Thank you, Chair.

I thank the distinguished representative of European Union. speaking on behalf of the European Union and its member states. The next speaker I have on my list is the distinguished representative of Libya, speaking on behalf of the Arab Group. The floor is yours, Excellency.

Thank you, Mr. President. I am honored to deliver the statement on behalf of the Arab Group. Mr. Chairman, The Arab Group aligns itself with the statement delivered by the Non-Aligned Movement, and we express our congratulations to His Excellency Ambassador Puustinen and the Republic of Finland on assuming the chairmanship of the Committee. The Arab Group affirms the peaceful uses of nuclear energy and that it is an inalienable right of the State Parties to the NPT. It contributes to the achievement of the SDGs, and we reject any attempt to restrict this right or to impose any limitation or condition thereof under any pretext in a manner that exceeds the provisions of the Treaty. We underscore the importance of supporting and developing the peaceful uses of nuclear energy and the importance of facilitating cooperation in this regard as one of the three fundamental pillars and the grand bargain upon which the NPT is based. The Arab Group has consistently emphasized the aspiration to develop peaceful uses programs. We developed national legislation and sought to establish a scientific and research basis in this field as a measure towards Arab cooperation in this area. The group emphasizes the role of the IAEA, including through its technical cooperation program, in supporting the peaceful uses of nuclear energy as the sole international body entrusted with promoting such use by state parties. to the NPT. And in this regard, the Arab Group reiterates the important role of the IAEA in transferring expertise and providing technical assistance, in particular to developing countries. At the forefront of such cooperation is the flagship initiative launched by the Director General in the areas of cancer control, food security, and water resource management, as well as the role of nuclear energy in supporting energy security. Our group stresses the importance of ensuring adequate financing to fund technical cooperation programs in developing countries in a sustainable and predictable manner. while avoiding any negative impact on the Agency's ability to carry out its mandate under its statute. Mr. Chairman, the ARB Group emphasizes the importance of upholding transparency and compliance with nuclear safety and nuclear security standards, which remain the exclusive responsibility of States. The Group notes with interest the International Conference on Nuclear Security convened by the Agency in Vienna in May 2024. Our group underscores the importance of not using the relevant measures to enhancing nuclear safety and security as a pretext to violate, deny, or restrict the right to peaceful uses. While we emphasize that there is no link between these measures and the safeguard obligations, and there must be no confusion between them. In this context, we reiterate that nuclear security activities are funded through the Nuclear Security Fund. In this context, we call upon Iran to fully cooperate with the Agency to address the concerns related to transparency regarding nuclear safety standards at the Bushehr Nuclear Power Plant, and we underscore the importance of Iran's accession to all nuclear safety conventions. The Arab Group commends the decision of the IAEA General Conference resolution GC69/RES/10 on expanding the technical cooperation program with the State of Palestine and to include the Gaza Strip. And we call upon the agency to work towards an out-of-cycle technical program covering Gaza in accordance with the priorities of the state of Palestine. We also request the agency to enhance its support to the state of Palestine through the technical cooperation program in the West Bank. In this regard, we reaffirm that the Agency can play an important role in providing urgent and long-term assistance to the State of Palestine, and we call upon the international community to compel Israel to allow the safe and unhindered access and delivery of the Agency's equipment and personnel to the State of Palestine, including the Gaza Strip. On another matter, we follow with the interest the technological developments related to the development, deployment, and use of small modular reactors and other advanced reactors. We welcome the utilization of such developments to enhance the peaceful uses of nuclear energy, provided that this does not entail any additional requirements on the member states of the NPT. Mr. Chair, we express our continued concern over Israel's lack of transparency as a non-party to the NPT and that it's not subject to the comprehensive safeguards regime. The group's concern in this matter is further heightened by the reports indicating expansion work at the Dimona reactor. Our group also expresses deep concern over the continued existence of nuclear cooperation involving the supply of nuclear material, equipment, and technology between State Parties to the Treaty and non-Party States. This is a violation of paragraph 2 of Decision 2 of the 1995 Review Conference. We call upon States and the International Atomic Energy Agency to cease their cooperation and technical programs with Israel so long as it does not accede to the NPT as a non-nuclear weapons state and until it subjects all its nuclear facilities to the comprehensive safeguards system. The Arab Group further views with concern the repeated precedent of exempting a non-party state to the NPT from the strict rules of the Nuclear Suppliers Group that prohibit nuclear exports to non-NPT states. in violation of paragraph 2 of article 3 of the NPT. In conclusion, the Arab Group reaffirms its firm position that military attacks against peaceful nuclear facilities that are subject to the Comprehensive Safeguards Program are unacceptable, and we reject such attempts in their entirety because they are a grave harm to the NPT. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.

I thank the distinguished representative of Libya for the statement on behalf of the Arab group. The next speaker I have on my list is the distinguished representative of the Philippines, speaking on behalf of a group of states. The floor is yours, Excellency.

Chair, on behalf of the following NPT State Parties who sponsored the working paper number 10 on upscaling of non-power applications of atomic energy which has 43 cons post sponsors as of 4 May 2026 Belgium Cambodia Canada Chile Colombia the Czech Republic Denmark Ecuador Finland France Greece Indonesia Japan Republic of Korea Kuwait Malaysia Malta Morocco Myanmar the Netherlands Norway the Philippines Portugal Singapore Slovakia Sweden Thailand Turkey United Kingdom like to deliver a joint statement on the need to scale up the non-power applications of atomic energy. While peaceful atomic energy offers transformative solution for global challenges and in helping countries achieve the sustainable development goals, as well as responding to states parties development priorities, its full potential remains untapped due to the insufficient focus on scaling up non-power applications. Although power-related uses are well commercialized, greater attention and investment are needed to move these diverse and life-saving technologies into widespread practical use. Pursuant to actions 47 to 54 of the 2010 NPT Review Conference 64-point Action Plan, we, like-minded States Parties, submitted Working Paper No. 10, Upscaling the Non-Power Applications of Atomic Energy, to the 2026 NPT RevCon in the hopes of drawing the world's attention to this important matter. Specifically, we reaffirm that the peaceful uses of nuclear energy, consistent with Article IV of the NPT, remain a fundamental pillar of the treaty. Emphasize the important role of IAEA in accelerating the contribution of nuclear energy applications to peace, health and prosperity of state parties. Underscore that non-power applications of atomic energy deliver tangible socio-economic benefits across health, agriculture, industry, water management, environmental protection, among others. Note that the challenge in delivering the benefits of non-power applications is not confined to proof of concept, but now more so in ensuring scale, sustainability, wider deployment of these technologies. Recognize the necessity of technical cooperation projects should progress to the stage of upscaling, dissemination, and end-user impact. Highlight the critical role of industry engagement, including in technology development, financing and uptake. Encourage stronger public private partnership to support innovation, commercialization and scaling of nuclear applications. Recognize the value of coordinated national approaches that align non power application with industrial strategies and development priorities as applicable. Stress the importance of regional and interregional cooperation mechanisms in facilitating knowledge sharing, capacity building and scalable solutions. Call for increased awareness and visibility of non-power applications to drive broader adoption and investment. Express support for the growing work of IAEA in non-power application, including its various flagship initiatives. Encourage closer engagement with financing institutions, development agencies, academia, and research institutions to support scaling efforts. Finally, Chair, we reaffirm that non-power applications should receive adequate proportional recognition, promotion and support similar to those received by power applications. Thank you, Chair.

I thank the distinguished representative of the Philippines for the statement on behalf of a group of countries. The next speaker I have on my list is the distinguished representative of Finland. The floor is yours, Excellency.

Yeah. Chair, Finland aligns itself with a statement delivered by the European Union. I'm pleased to make the following remarks in my national capacity. Chair, is it the enable right of the all parties of the NPT to develop research, production and use of nuclear energy for peaceful purposes? For Finland, nuclear energy is a crucial part of our energy mix. Today, over 40% of our electricity is generated by nuclear power. On a per capita basis, Finland ranks among the world's leading producers of nuclear power. Nuclear energy is an integral and cost-effective means for Finland to achieve its goal of carbon neutrality by 2035. Chair, throughout the nuclear history, Finland has been forward-looking. Finland was the first country to conclude a comprehensive safe gas agreement with the IAEA in 1972. Today, we are preparing to become the first country to begin the final geological repository of the nuclear spent fuel. Operating license for the disposal facility is expected to be granted by the end of this year, with operations at the encapsulation plant starting in 2027. Earlier this year, we began constructing an electrically heated pilot plant for concept testing of an SMR for district heating in our capital, Helsinki. Symbolically, the test plant will be built inside the former coal power plant. For Finland, advancing nuclear technology must go hand in hand with maintaining the highest levels of safety and security in full compliance with the IAEA safeguards obligations. Nuclear power enjoys high public acceptance in Finland. A strong, independent regulator ensuring highest level of safety, security and safeguards at all times plays a key role in sustaining high level of public trust year after year. The IAEA has a vital role in facilitating and expanding the use of nuclear technology throughout the world. Our experts participate actively in IAEA workshops and technical meetings with an aim to advance safe and sustainable use of nuclear energy. Chair, promoting the responsible use of peaceful nuclear applications and broader accessibility to them is important for Finland. Finland highlights the ability of nuclear applications to deliver remarkable benefits in the field of health, agriculture, climate change mitigation and sustainable development. The IAEA's flagship initiatives are first class demonstration of this. We recall the final declaration of the IAEA Ministerial Conference on Nuclear Science, Technology and Applications and the Technical Cooperation Programme in November 2024, which was adopted by consensus by all IAEA Member States. Finland remains committed to sharing its expertise and is active in many international initiatives aimed at advancing disarmament and non-proliferation. Alongside our contributions to the IAEA Technical Cooperation Fund, we partner with the African Commission on Nuclear Energy to strengthen nuclear safeguards in Africa through a European Commission-funded project. Finland regularly contributes to the IAEA support program for Ukraine and provides additional support to Ukraine beyond the IAEA framework. Likewise, we support the IAEA in its aim to promote gender balance with the nuclear industry. Chair, Finland expresses its concern over potential implications of armed attacks against peaceful nuclear facilities. Such attacks pose a serious threat to nuclear safety and security and could result in radioactive releases with grave consequences within and beyond the boundaries of the attacked state. Chair, from early on, Finland has given great significance to the NPT and the broader framework around its core facilitators of nuclear technology and development. We will organize a side event of Finland's peaceful nuclear leadership on May 8th at lunchtime. We welcome you all to the event. It is important to remember that pillar three of the NPT is a genuine success story. We believe that the entire review process would benefit from states sharing their own positive success stories in the field of peaceful uses of nuclear energy. Thank you, Chair.

I thank the distinguished representative of Finland for the statement. The next speaker on my list is the distinguished representative of Egypt. You have the floor. Excellency.

Thank you, Mr. Chair. We would like to congratulate you on assuming the chairmanship of the main committee, the third main committee. I would like to add the following. The inalienable and fundamental right for the peaceful use of nuclear energy without discrimination is the main pillar that underpins the NPT. This would guarantee for all state parties to develop their nuclear energy through their national priorities. On another hand, and despite the fact that all safeguard guarantees cannot be implemented according to the agreement, unless there is international cooperation for the peaceful uses, The practical reality has witnessed an increase in adding additional conditions for nuclear technology transfer, whether under the pretext of non-proliferation or for nuclear safety pretexts. Some supply countries have put extreme conditions for such delivery of technology at a time when some other countries are excluded from even the Comprehensive Safeguards Agreement system. This reflects double standards against the rights of non-nuclear states. The impact of such practices run counter to the universality of this convention. This makes the non-state parties capable of benefiting from nuclear technology without necessarily being party to the agreement. Mr. Chair, the themes of this MCT have greater importance especially that there is a vital role that is played by nuclear applications over the past years. It would be a remiss not to highlight the vital role of the IAEA in this domain through technology transfer, capacity building, providing technical assistance to member states. Despite the above, however, so many non-nuclear states are still not capable of benefiting from such developments. This is due to the restrictions on technology transfer, especially at the very first stages of the nuclear fuel stage. This also includes the financial constraints on technology transfer, primarily through the technology transfer fund of the IAEA. Mr. Chair, In light of the current technological development, and especially the small modular reactors and other advanced reactors and technologies, Egypt stresses that this speed development -- speedy development in this vein can have a great potential of promoting nuclear energy to achieve national objectives. Egypt stresses the importance of transparency, integ- -- and integrity in putting the necessary frameworks to ensure the spread of this emerging technology. Turning to the use of AI, Egypt believes that those developments have a great potential. However, it should not also constrain the legal and practical challenges that need to be addressed in a balanced and adequate manner. To conclude, Mr. Chair, Egypt underlines that promoting the pillar of the peaceful uses of nuclear energy requires the right to uphold the inalienable right to benefit from the peaceful uses and to ensure that it is practiced without any discrimination or imposing any unjustified restrictions while promoting international cooperation and providing the necessary resources to support such uses. Thank you, Mr. Chair.

I thank the distinguished representative of Egypt for the statement. The next speaker I have on my list is the distinguished representative of Mexico. You have the floor, Excellency.

Thank you very much, Mr. Chair. Mexico reaffirms that the inalienable right of all States Parties to develop research, production and uses of nuclear energy for peaceful purposes, enshrined in Article IV of the Treaty, constitutes a fundamental pillar of the NPT and should be fully preserved. This right should be exercised without discrimination and cannot be subject to selective interpretations. it also carries with it the responsibility of ensuring that all nuclear activities are exclusively peaceful, in full transparency and cooperation with the International Atomic Energy Agency. For Mexico, the peaceful uses of nuclear science and technology continue to generate specific benefits for humanity. They contribute directly to facing global challenges in terms of health, food security, agriculture, the management of water resources, environmental protection, climate monitoring, and sustainable electricity generation. Therefore, Mexico recognizes the contribution of these technologies to the implementation of Agenda 2030 for sustainable development, and we underline the importance that all developing countries can fully benefit from them. Mr. Chair, Mexico would like to reiterate that the IAEA continues to be the main intergovernmental forum for technical and scientific cooperation geared towards the peaceful uses of nuclear energy. Thus, we support its continued strengthening and we would like to highlight the importance of its technical cooperation program. It should continue to generate specific benefits, especially when it comes to health, food, agriculture, and electricity generation. Mexico also has a strong commitment to South-South cooperation and regional cooperation. In Latin America and the Caribbean, we continue to support initiatives such as the Regional Agreement for Cooperation to Promote Nuclear Science and Technology in Latin America and the Caribbean in order to strengthen capacities throughout the region. Nevertheless, the peaceful uses cannot be unlinked from technological safety, physical safety, and safeguards. Mexico Mexico deems these issues very important, and we are part of the main international instruments governing them, including the Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material and Nuclear Facilities, as well as the International Convention for the Suppression of Acts of Nuclear Terrorism. We also continue strengthening our national capacities in cooperation with the IAEA in areas such as regulation, safeguards, emergency preparedness, radiological protection, and the prevention of the illicit trafficking in nuclear and radioactive materials. Mr. Chair, Mexico would like to underline that any attack against peaceful nuclear facilities contravenes the principles of the United Nations Charter, undermines the integrity of the treaty, and they could constitute violations of international humanitarian law. Attacks against nuclear facilities under safeguards create unacceptable radiological risk, possible devastating humanitarian consequences, and long-term environmental damages that go beyond borders. Therefore, Mexico would like to reiterate that nuclear facilities under IAEA safeguards should be considered off-limits in armed conflicts. We urge all parties involved in active conflicts to abstain from any action that could put at risk nuclear safety and humanity. Finally, Mexico would like to reiterate that the IAEA's work should preserve a balanced focus between its three fundamental pillars: technical cooperation, safety in terms of the use of the technology, physical safety and verification, and preserving that balance is indispensable to build trust in the treaty's peaceful uses pillar and to ensure that all State Parties can fully exercise the rights recognized in Article IV. I thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative of Mexico for the statement. The next speaker on my list is the distinguished representative of Kuwait. You have the floor, Excellency.

In the name of God, the compassionate, the merciful. Thank you, Mr. Chair. At the outset, the State of Kuwait aligns itself with the statement of the Arab Group and that of NAM. We would like to stress that the peaceful uses of nuclear energy represent a fundamental pillar of the NPT. It is an inalienable right to all State parties, pursuant to Article IV. It will contribute in ensuring the efforts of sustainable development and building capacity. Ensuring a balance between this right and nonproliferation is an important element to ensure the credibility of the treaty and its sustainability. It will also ensure the grand bargain that underpins this treaty. In this vein, Mr. Chair, we stress the importance of promoting international cooperation in technology transfer for peaceful uses, while building capacity, especially in developing countries. This would make them capable of benefiting from nuclear developments in real life, including health, food security, management, water resources, and energy. Mr. Chair, the State of Kuwait commends the vital role played by the IAEA in this domain. particularly through the technical cooperation programs, which are an important tool for knowledge and technology transfer while promoting peaceful uses of nuclear energy. We stress the need to provide the adequate and sustainable financial resources for such programs to ensure sustained effectiveness. This will also make them capable of resisting any financial constraints. Mr. Chair, turning to the Iranian nuclear dossier, we believe the importance of promoting the resumption of cooperation between Iran and IAEA. We have to continue addressing all concerns related to transparency. This would ensure full compliance to nuclear safety and security, especially with the facilities that are miles away from my country and those of the GCC countries. Any radioactive danger from this reactor will have negative impact on the entire region. It will also lead to dangerous environmental impacts. We have to provide the necessary safeguards for the nature of the Iranian program in light of the dangerous and escalating situation in the region. This will build trust and promote regional stability. In this vein, we should call on the IAEA to end all forms of cooperation with Israel, the power because there is no reason in cooperating in this domain with a party that uses and threatens to use the nuclear power as a weapon, and they are not party to the treaty. To conclude, the State of Kuwait stresses that promoting the pillar of peaceful uses requires an environment, international environment built on mutual respect and complete adherence to the principles of the treaty. This will enable the Member States to ensure sustainable development without any violation of nonproliferation. Thank you, Mr. Chair.

I thank the distinguished representative of Kuwait for the statement. The next speaker on my list is the distinguished representative of Nigeria, speaking on behalf of the African Group. You have the floor, Excellency.

Thank you, Mr. Chair. African Group aligns itself with the statement delivered by the Non-Aligned Movement, and we have the following remark to make on this cluster. The African Group reiterates the importance of respect for the inalienable right of States parties to participate without discrimination in the fullest possible exchange of equipment, material, and scientific and technological information for the peaceful uses of nuclear energy, as well as the right to collaborate, especially in the field of technology development. In this regard, the group called upon this conference to firmly reject any restriction on the exchange of equipment, material, or scientific and technological information required for peaceful uses of nuclear energy and to reaffirm that such exchange are fundamental obligation under Article IV of the Treaty. The group reaffirmed the inalienable right of state to develop research, production and use of nuclear energy, including the sovereign right to develop full national fuel cycle for peaceful purposes without discrimination. It is also important to state that it is within the sovereign right of each state to define its national energy policy, and any decision on multilateral approaches to nuclear fuel cycle shall be made by consensus. The group remain deeply concerned about the ability to certain states that are not party to the treaty to obtain, in particular, from nuclear weapons states, nuclear materials, technology and expertise to develop nuclear weapon or other nuclear activities that are not subject to International Atomic Energy Agency safeguards regime. The group strongly call for the enforcement without exception or further delay of the total and complete prohibition of the transfer of nuclear technology and material to states that are not party to the treaty. The African Group acknowledges that the responsibility for nuclear safety and nuclear security rests solely with each individual state. To this effect, any multilateral norms, guidelines or rules in the area of nuclear security should be pursued within the framework of IAEA. The group notes with deep concern that undue restriction on exports of materials, equipment and technology to developing countries for peaceful purposes persists and emphasizes that measures and initiatives aimed at strengthening nuclear safety and security must not be used as a pretext or leverage to violate, deny or restrict the inalienable right of all nuclear-weapon States to develop, research, produce and use nuclear energy for peaceful purposes without discrimination. The group further underscores that nuclear security measures must be implemented in a manner consistent with state rights under the Treaty and must not place an undue burden on developing countries seeking to advance their peaceful nuclear programs. The group take note of the emerging issues related to development of small modular reactors, including those associated with technology readiness, regulatory approaches, financing model, and infrastructure consideration. In this context, the group emphasizes that the development and deployment of SMRs should not hamper, condition or redefine Member States' access to the peaceful uses of nuclear energy, nor create implicit expectations or new benchmarks that could disadvantage developing countries. The advancement of SMRs must therefore be pursued in conformity with the obligations of the NPT and respective safeguard agreements without prejudice to the inel right of the state party under article four of the MPT. Mister chair, The African Group call upon all Member States, in accordance with the purpose and principle of the Charter of the United Nations and international law, to refrain for any attack on or threat to attack nuclear facility, operational or under construction, devoted to peaceful purposes. The group recall relevant IAEA General Conference decision as well as section 65 of the 2010 NPT Action Plan on this matter and expresses grave concern at incidents involving nuclear facilities which constitute a serious threat to international peace, security and integrity of the non-proliferation regime. The Group calls on this Conference to adopt clear and unambiguous language reaffirming the inviolability of peaceful nuclear installations. The group stresses that the IAEA is the sole competent authority responsible for the verification of the fulfillment of safeguard obligation assumed by state parties under the treaty. And that the IAEA comprehensive safeguard agreement are the universal standard for verification with a view to preventing diversion of nuclear material and technology from peaceful uses to nuclear weapon or other nuclear explosive devices, as well as its central role for nuclear technical The group highlighted that the IAEA Technical Cooperation Programme remained the principal vehicle for supporting the transfer of nuclear technology for peaceful purposes, which should continue to be formulated and implemented in accordance with the IAEA Statute and the principle of non-discrimination. The group expresses serious concern at the impact of current UN budgetary constraint on the effective implementation of technical cooperation program and call for increasing the technical cooperation fund target through sufficient, sustainable, adequate, and predictable financing. It further calls for the full implementation of all approved projects, including those currently unfunded, as a matter of equity and treaty obligation. The African Group encourages IAEA to continue and deepen its support to developing countries in realizing the Sustainable Development Goals, including through the IAEA flagship initiative. In this regard, the Group recognizes the indispensable role of the IAEA in assisting developing State Parties in planning for making full use of and scaling up the peaceful application of nuclear science and technology. The Group calls upon development partners and the IAEA to ensure that technical cooperation activities are adequately solved and that no approved project is left unfunded due to fiscal constraints that fall disproportionately on beneficiary states. Finally, Mr. Chair, mindful of the complex environment in which this conference convenes and heeding the President's call for agility, openness, and flexibility for all delegations, the group reiterates the need for caution in thoroughly addressing the associated technical, legal, and economic aspects, as well as the underlying political dimension of the issue of assurances of nuclear fuel supply, and to stress the necessity to that any further consideration of this issue is based on a coherent and comprehensive conceptual framework that adequately addresses the view and concern of all state parties that any proposal that eventually emerges in this regard is in full accordance with the nonproliferation treaty and take into account the respective legal obligation of state parties and the principle of non-discrimination. Thank you, Mr. Chair.

I thank the distinguished representative of Nigeria for the statement on behalf of the African Group. The next speaker on my list is the distinguished representative of Lithuania. You have the floor, Excellency.

Thank you, Mr. Chair. Lithuania aligns itself with the statement of the European Union. In my national capacity, I would like to underscore the following points. Lithuania reaffirms its full support for the inalienable right of NPT States Parties to develop nuclear energy for peaceful purposes. As new applications of nuclear energy continue to emerge, the sustainable implementation of the third pillar of the NPT has become more important than ever. In this context, we support IAEA's efforts, including through technical cooperation program and the peaceful uses initiative. Mr. Chair, regrettably, this right, enshrined in NPT Article IV, is aggressively denied to Ukraine by Russia. Lithuania condemns in the strongest terms the Russia's ongoing, unjustified, and illegal war of aggression against Ukraine, including the unlawful seizure and continued occupation of the Zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant. For more than four years, this occupation has posed grave and persistent risks to nuclear safety and security across the region. The militarization of the ZNPP, documented by the IAEA, is incompatible with safe nuclear operations, while the unlawful detention and intimidation of Ukrainian personnel violate international humanitarian law and undermine nuclear safety. Repeated attacks on Ukraine's energy infrastructure have led to losses of off-site power at the nuclear power plant, significantly increasing the risk of a nuclear accident with catastrophic consequences beyond Ukraine. In these circumstances, Lithuania firmly rejects any attempt to restart the reactors, which would contradict decisions of the IAEA Board of Governors. On the 40th anniversary of the Chernobyl disaster, we also are alarmed by damage to the new safe confinement following a Russian drone attack in February 2025. Mr. Chair, Lithuania strongly supports the continued presence of the IAEA in Ukraine and commends the courage and professionalism of both IAEA and Ukraine personnel working under its extremely difficult and dangerous conditions. We also welcome the sustained attention of the Agency Board of Governors, including the resolution adopted in March this year. As a member of the Board, Lithuania remains ready to contribute actively to this work. We urge Russia immediately cease all military activities affecting nuclear and energy infrastructure, fully demilitarize and withdraw from the Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant. and restore full control to the competent Ukrainian authorities. Russia must ensure the safety and independence of Ukrainian personnel, fully cooperate with the IAEA, and take responsibility for all damage caused, including at the Chernobyl site. Mr. Chair, Belarus, Russia's accomplice in its aggression against Ukraine, has constructed and commissioned the Astravets nuclear power plant, just 40 kilometers from Lithuania's densely populated capital, Vilnius. The site was selected without full compliance with modern international safety standards, and key models on the IAEA's site and external events design mission were excluded, raising fundamental safety concerns from the outset. Lithuania has repeatedly highlighted persistent lack of transparency from Belarus, selective implementation of safety requirements, frequent unplanned shutdowns, and recurring equipment failures. Statements on a possible third reactor and additional nuclear-related facilities have further exacerbated these concerns. Mr. Chair. In these challenging times, ensuring safety and secure nuclear operations is more important than ever. Nuclear safety must never be instrumentalized or used as a tool of coercion. We recall that Lithuania made a difficult but responsible decision to shut down the unsafe Ignalina nuclear power plant. As of 2022, Lithuania no longer has nuclear installations under the Nuclear Safety Convention. since last container of spent nuclear fuel from Ignalina plant was removed and safely transferred to secure storage facilities. Lithuania is currently evaluating the feasibility and advanced small model reactors for civilian use based on the results of the analysis.

I thank the distinguished representative of Lithuania for the statement. The next speaker on my list is the distinguished representative of Costa Rica. floor is you have the floor. Excellence.

Gracias, Senor Presidente. Thank you, Chair. First, we would like to congratulate you for your election and we wish you all the best in your work. 40 years after Chernobyl, the energy transition towards low carbon economies has returned nuclear energy to the heart of the global agenda. The IAEA projects that installed capacity could double by mid century and small modular reactors have moved from academic papers to procurement contracts. States parties must respond to this juncture with full consideration of the right enshrined in Article IV and the obligations under Articles I, II, and III. Costa Rica wishes to make three points in this regard. The first concerns supply. Article IV guarantees non-discriminatory access to peaceful nuclear technology under effective safeguards, and that guarantee is only as strong as the infrastructure delivering it. Growing demand for reliable nuclear fuel may lead more states to consider national enrichment capabilities, reproducing, thus, the very proliferation pressure that the treaty was designed to forestall. The nuclear renaissance returns Multilateral fuel assurances and supply arrangements to the nonproliferation agenda. Nuclear supplier states bear direct responsibility for insisting on the highest IAEA safeguards standards, including the Additional Protocol, in every supply arrangement. Accepting lowered standards for commercial or geopolitical gain corrodes the regime from within. The second concerns small modular reactors. Several advanced reactor designs require fuel forms for which the IAEA has yet to complete its safeguards methodology. Export control frameworks governing large reactor programs have not kept pace. This conference should task the IAEA with closing that gap before deployments outrun governance. The third concerns physical protection. Nuclear power plants present the gravest radiological danger in armed conflict because a successful attack can release contamination that crosses borders and reaches populations bearing no responsibility for the conflict. Additional Protocols I and II to the 1949 Geneva Conventions prohibit attacks against nuclear electrical generating stations, even where they constitute military objectives, if the attack may cause the release of dangerous forces and consequent severe losses among the civilian population. This prohibition binds parties to a conflict regardless of their relationship to this treaty. Attacks on any nuclear facility devoted to peaceful purposes are equally unacceptable, even where the immediate radiological consequences may be lower. A state that places a safeguarded nuclear facility at risk attacks the legal architecture that makes Article IV viable. I thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative of Costa Rica for the statement. The next speaker on my list is the distinguished representative of New Zealand. You have the floor, Excellency.

Thank you, Chair. New Zealand reaffirms its strong support for the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons as the cornerstone of the global nuclear disarmament and non-proliferation regime. We reaffirm that the credibility and durability of the NPT rest on balanced and effective implementation of all three pillars. The peaceful uses pillar continues to deliver tangible benefits for people, prosperity, and the environment, while reinforcing shared responsibility for safety, security, and non-proliferation. Chair, the peaceful uses of nuclear science and technology continue to deliver significant benefits across a wide range of areas, including health, food security, water management, environmental protection, and climate resilience. We recognize the important contribution that nuclear applications can make to sustainable development and to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals. In this regard, New Zealand reiterates its strong support for the work of the IAEA. Chair, at the same time, we stress that the exercise of rights under Article IV must be accompanied by the fulfilment of corresponding obligations. Peaceful uses of nuclear technology must remain firmly underpinned by effective safeguards and by the broader non-proliferation regime. Given the dual use nature of nuclear technology, comprehensive, credible safeguards and effective export controls are indispensable for building international confidence. For New Zealand, a comprehensive safeguards agreement, together with an additional protocol, represents the current verification standard. Chair, nuclear safety and nuclear security are integral to the peaceful uses pillar and are essential enablers of international cooperation in this field. In this context, and as we reflected in more depth in our statement to Main Committee II, New Zealand expresses deep concern at the risks to nuclear safety and security arising from the return of armed conflict to areas with nuclear facilities. Any comprehensive outcome of the Review Conference should reaffirm the prohibition of armed attacks against peaceful nuclear facilities. Chair, while New Zealand does not use nuclear energy, we recognise the right of States Parties to do so in accordance with Article IV of the Treaty. We emphasize that any expansion of nuclear power, including the development of new reactor technologies, must be accompanied by the highest achievable standards of nuclear safety, security, and waste management. As a coastal state, New Zealand continues to advocate strongly for the safe and secure maritime transport of radioactive material and vigilance around introducing nuclear propulsion systems to civilian vessels. We support transparency, advanced notification, and meaningful dialogue between shipping and coastal states, and we encourage ongoing efforts to strengthen international nuclear liability arrangements so that the interests of non-nuclear states are fully reflected. Chair, the evolving threat environment, including cyber risks and the potential malicious use of radioactive material, requires constant vigilance. New Zealand supports the IAEA's nuclear security work, including through voluntary financial contributions, and stresses that effective security is a shared responsibility for all States, regardless of the scale of their nuclear activities. Finally, Chair, we reaffirm our support for the work of the Vienna Group of Ten, including its recommendations on peaceful uses, nuclear safety, and nuclear security, and commend these to the Conference for consideration. Thank you, Chair.

I thank the distinguished representative of New Zealand for the statement. The next speaker on my list is the distinguished representative of Germany. You have the floor, Excellency.

Chair, first let me congratulate you on your election and assure you of the full support of my delegation. Germany aligns itself with a statement delivered by the European Union. I would like to emphasize a few points on my national capacity. It is our firm belief that a sustainable implementation of the NPT's third pillar reinforces the treaty and will lend an impetus to positive developments in its other pillars. Under Article IV, Germany stays committed to the enable right of all states parties to the NPT to peacefully make use of nuclear energy, science, and technology. The obligations under Article I, II, and III, including the universal IAEA verification standards to safeguard nonproliferation, are the agreed and indispensable basis for the peaceful use of all nuclear applications. Chair, any peaceful use of nuclear energy must be subject to higher standards of safety and security. In addition, we underline the need for strong export control mechanisms. Nuclear security, safety, and safeguards are an essential element for peaceful uses. Therefore, the highest standards of safety, security, safeguards, and export controls are not an impediment to the spread of such use and the related technology transfer, but rather a catalyst. Germany strongly supports the role and the work of the IAEA in advancing safety standards and security guidelines. Both bilaterally as a fourth largest contributor to the IAEA budget and through the European Union, Germany supports the agency's valuable work. Furthermore, Germany finances extra budgetary contributions to the Nuclear Security Fund, stands out at the fourth largest contributor to the Technical Cooperation Fund, and has been running an IAEA member state support program for safeguards for more than 45 years. We strongly support the conventions on safety, security, and nuclear liability, and call upon states parties that have not yet done so to accede to and implement the relevant conventions. Chair, Germany condemns Russia's ongoing, brutal, and illegal war of aggression against Ukraine. and the ongoing, unprecedented scissor of the largest nuclear power plant in Europe, Ukraine's Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant, endangering nuclear safety and security in the region and beyond for more than four years now. Germany commends the IAEA's experts' presence in Ukraine and their vital work and will continue to support Ukraine and the IAEA. Chair, Germany commends and supports the IAEA Technical Cooperation Programme and the Peaceful Uses Initiative as effective means to promote the benefits of nuclear technology in areas such as human health, agriculture, nutrition, water management and industrial applications to meet the needs of IAEA Member States. This includes tracing techniques and isotope analysis to improve food safety and boost agricultural output for better controlling insect pests. They also contribute to the protection of water resources and the environment by treating industrial wastewater or studying groundwater resources. In the area of health, the use of medical radioisotopes for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes including the treatment of cancer, continues to save lives on a daily basis. Accordingly, Germany contributed to the Rays of Hope initiative of the IAEA. All the mentioned activities contribute to selective areas of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Chair, Germany is implementing the national program for competence building and the development of future talent for nuclear safety. We are committed to preserving, developing and sharing knowledge and expertise in nuclear science and technology and strongly support non power applications of nuclear science and technology. Multiple non power applications improve the lives of people all over the world. It is particularly in this area where the potential for international cooperation and cross-fertilization remains to be fully explored and further developed. Thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative of Germany for the statement. The next speaker on my list is the distinguished representative of Saudi Arabia. You have the floor, Excellency.

Mr. Chairman, at the outset, I would like to express to you our sincere congratulations on your assumption of the chairmanship of this committee, and we fully trust your ability to lead us to a successful outcome. The delegation of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia aligns itself with the statements delivered by both the Arab Group and the Non-Aligned Movement. Mr. Chairman, the peaceful uses of nuclear energy and their development constitute a fundamental pillar of the treaty. the Kingdom attaches great importance to nuclear energy and recognize its reliability and its benefits. We reaffirm that the treaty has granted an inalienable right to state parties to benefit from nuclear energy and develop it for peaceful purposes. as per Article IV of the NPT. And in light of the important role that nuclear energy can play in socioeconomic development, the Kingdom has proceeded towards utilizing this energy for peaceful purposes. In this context, we continue cooperating with the IAEA to implement our national nuclear energy project, including the project of building the first nuclear power plant in the Kingdom with the aim of achieving sustainable development. The Kingdom aspires to serve as a role model and an example to follow. The Kingdom is undertaking these development efforts in accordance with national requirements and within international obligations. We are, uh, we also continue to ensure that this, uh, national project contributes to knowledge and technology transfer, uh, and to remain in line with the best international practices in a manner that, uh, reaffirms our efforts in the field of peaceful uses of nuclear technology to promote prosperity in all fields and support technical progress. Mr. Chairman, the Kingdom believes that cooperating to promote the peaceful uses of energy will contribute to achieving prosperity, well-being, and stability around the world. We call upon State Parties to adhere to the provisions of the NPT, which grant State Parties the inalienable right to benefit from nuclear energy for peaceful purposes. The Kingdom also stresses the importance that nuclear energy remains accessible to state parties of the treaty without additional conditions outside the framework of the treaty and without restrictions that prevent the exercise of this right. We note that any interpretation of the treaty that uses the pretext to prevent the transfer of nuclear technology is inconsistent with the provisions and purposes of the treaty. We also urge states to remove the obstacles preventing the transfer of nuclear technology to developing countries and to refrain from imposing restrictions on the transfer of equipment, material, and technology to state parties that adhere to the comprehensive safeguards system of the International Atomic Energy Agency. In conclusion, my country hopes the work of this Committee will lead to the intended objectives with regard to the peaceful uses of nuclear energy in a manner that fulfills the development goals and that takes into account the needs of State parties and their international obligations. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.

I thank the distinguished representative of Saudi Arabia for the statement. next speaker on my list is the distinguished representative of the United States of America. You have the floor, Excellency.

Chair Pustynan, over 70 years ago, President Dwight D. Eisenhower delivered his Atoms for Peace speech at the United Nations in which he envisioned the potential for nuclear energy, science, and technology to lift nations, increase global prosperity, and secure our mutual future. The NPT enshrines the inalienable right of all states parties to leverage nuclear energy for peaceful purposes in conformity with their obligations under the treaty so that together we may realize this vision. Today, President Trump is advancing these efforts by unleashing the ingenuity and strength of the American nuclear industry for the benefit of the world. The United States is in the midst of what can only be described as a nuclear renaissance. Last year, President Trump issued four executive orders aimed at reinvigorating America's nuclear energy industry by modernizing regulations, streamlining reactor testing, deploying reactors for national security, and reinvigorating the nuclear industrial base. In particular, Executive Order 14299, entitled Deploying Advanced Nuclear Reactor Technologies for National Security, demonstrates that the administration's clear commitment to our Article IV obligations. The United States has the safest, most secure, and most advanced civil nuclear technology. We possess the financial strength, the cutting edge innovation, and the world's most rigorous regulatory review process. We stand ready to work with partners old and new to promote real world solutions for the safe and reliable development and deployment of civil nuclear energy. In recent years, the United States has also negotiated new or amended 123 agreements, intergovernmental agreements, and nuclear cooperation memoranda of understanding with multiple partners in the Americas, Southeast Asia, the Middle East, and Sub-Saharan Africa. Our international engagement demonstrates our commitment to cooperating with all states who share our strategic and commercial interests. It is important to note here that the peaceful uses of nuclear science and technology are no longer limited to just nuclear power generation. Since the NPT came into force over 50 years ago, the breadth of peaceful uses has grown tremendously. extending to health, food, and water security. The United States is and will continue to be a proud leader in this journey. The United States affirms the central role of the IAEA in peaceful uses cooperation. Since 2010, the United States has provided over 690 million, the single largest contribution in extra budgetary funding and in-kind contributions to support the IAEA's technical cooperation program and peaceful uses initiative. we call on all states who value this work to increase their support to the IAEA to help us realize our shared commitment to the NPT. While the IAEA has made significant progress in expanding access to the peaceful uses of the atom, we believe we can do more. That is why at this review conference, the United States is launching the Accelerating Scientific Collaboration and Excellence in Nuclear Technology initiative, or ASCENT. ASCENT will help expand access to non-energy peaceful uses and pave a path for future civil nuclear energy cooperation. Safe and secure nuclear technology is technology that citizens can trust and businesses can sell. Through President Trump's leadership, the United States is paving the way to responsibly leverage the peaceful uses of the atom under the highest standards of nuclear safety, security, and nonproliferation. We encourage all NPT states parties to become party to and implement core international commitments related to nuclear liability, safety, and security. The United States affirms that export controls are necessary enablers for the responsible international exchange of nuclear technology for peaceful uses. We reject efforts by some parties to incorrectly imply that they are not. Indeed, export controls create a level playing field for all those that supply nuclear commodities globally, and in doing so, create and facilitate more international nuclear cooperation rather than less. The NPT brings incredible value to its States Parties by providing a framework to facilitate the fullest possible international cooperation on the peaceful uses of nuclear energy, science, and technology. Under the leadership of President Trump, we commit to unleashing a golden age of American energy and ushering in a global nuclear renaissance that will provide increased prosperity for all. We invite you to join the United States in this endeavor. Thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative of the United States of America for the statement. The next speaker on my list is the distinguished representative of Sweden. You have the floor, Excellency.

Thank you, Chair. Sweden is aligned with the statement made by the European Union and supports the working papers presented by France on strengthening the IAEA safeguards and the Philippines on upscaling the non-power applications of atomic energy. Chair, Sweden attaches great importance to the full, balanced and effective implementation of Article IV of the NPT. The right of all States Parties to develop, research, produce and use nuclear energy for peaceful purposes, in conformity with the Treaty, remains a cornerstone of the NPT. The IAEA plays a vital role in strengthening the global nuclear safety regime and contributes to broader international objectives, including the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, the Pact for the Future and the Paris Climate Agreement. Sweden strongly supports the IAEA essential role in enabling the peaceful use of nuclear energy and in ensuring the highest levels of safety, security and safeguards. Chair, Sweden places strong emphasis on the international nuclear safety conventions and peer review mechanisms that uphold global confidence in peaceful nuclear activities. We participate fully in review meetings, working groups and safety standards committees, and we regularly provide expert support to, as well as host, international review missions. We encourage all States to become party to the nuclear safety related conventions, apply relevant IAEA safety standards and invite peer review missions on a regular basis. Chair. Russia's war of aggression is an unprecedented threat to nuclear safety and security in Ukraine and its civilian population and surrounding areas. These risks will persist until Russia ends its war of aggression against Ukraine and withdraws from all Ukrainian territory, including from the Zaporizhzhia NPP, which remains illegally seized by Russia. In this regard, we reiterate the importance of upholding the IAEA's seven indispensable pillars for ensuring nuclear safety and security in armed conflicts, as well as the five concrete principles established by the IAEA Director General for avoiding an accident at the Zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant. Russian attacks on critical infrastructure, including substations, must stop. IAEA support and assistance missions at all of Ukraine's nuclear power plants is critical. Sweden supports the IAEA's important work in Ukraine, including by an extra budgetary contribution of 20 million Swedish crowns. Chair, international cooperation is essential to fully realize the benefits of civil nuclear energy. Sweden therefore continues to strengthen cooperation on nuclear safety, waste management, radiation protection and regulatory capacity, including through increased support to Ukraine, Moldova and Armenia. Working in close partnership with national authorities, Sweden supports training, institutional development, scientific cooperation and practical assistance to ensure that nuclear technologies are used safely and sustainably. Sweden is also funding the Nuclear Energy Agency to accelerate small and modular reactors, and the International Energy Agency to analyze the role of nuclear power in the global energy system. Chair, the global community faces immense challenges, including climate change, environmental degradation, food insecurity, and disease. Peaceful nuclear cooperation must be strengthened, not constrained, as nuclear science offers proven tools to address these challenges. Our shared responsibility is to ensure universal access to peaceful nuclear technologies, uphold the highest safety and security standards, and preserve the integrity of the NPT. Sweden will continue to work with determination to advance this essential pillar of the NPT. I thank you, Chair.

I thank the distinguished representative of Sweden for the statement. The next speaker on my list is the distinguished representative of Turkey. You have the floor, Excellency.

Thank you, Mr. Chair. Let me congratulate you on your election and assure you of our delegation's full support. Turkey considers the peaceful use of nuclear energy both as national strategy and as a shared obligation of the international community. In this regard, Turkey is a part of fundamental international legal instruments related to nuclear non-proliferation, especially NPT as the cornerstone of the nuclear non-proliferation regime. With this framework, Turkey has concluded a comprehensive safeguards agreement with the IAEA and has accepted the additional protocol, thereby clearly demonstrating its commitment to principles of transparency, verifiability, and accountability. In accordance with this legal framework, the national nuclear material accounting and control system established to ensure the peaceful use of nuclear energy is operated in an effective, reliable and sustainable manner. Turkey further reinforces its commitment to the peaceful use of nuclear energy through robust export and import control mechanisms. As a member of Nuclear Suppliers Group and Zanger Committee, Turkey manages the trade of nuclear and dual-use materials in a strict and responsible manner, fully aligned with international obligations and the principles of the relevant control regimes. Furthermore, UN Security Council resolutions are promptly and fully incorporated in our nation's legislation. Turkey continues to strongly support the advancement of international standards while meticulously fulfilling all of its responsibilities in this domain. At the same time, Turkey firmly supports the inalienable right of all states to develop and utilize nuclear energy and related technologies for peaceful purposes, in accordance with their international obligations. In line with global efforts to triple nuclear energy capacity by 2050 and to meet climate targets, nuclear energy offers significant potential as a reliable source of baseload electricity with near-zero carbon emissions. In this context, nuclear energy is not only instrumental in achieving climate goals but also plays a critical role in ensuring energy security. Mr. Chair, Turkey is no longer a newcomer in the field of nuclear energy. The more than decade-long experience gained through the development of our first nuclear power plant, Akkuyu, has enabled us to establish a comprehensive and sound regulatory framework, particularly in the areas of nuclear safety and security. Akku nuclear power plant is expected to be commissioned in the near future, marking a significant milestone in our energy policy. Looking ahead, Turkey plans to further expand its nuclear energy capacity through the construction of two additional conventional nuclear power plants. In parallel, we are also exploring the integration of small modular reactors into our energy mix, reflecting our commitment to innovative and flexible nuclear technologies. Our long-term objective is to achieve a total installed nuclear capacity of 20 gigawatts, including 15 gigawatts from conventional nuclear power plants and 5 gigawatts from SMRs. Mr. Chair, to this end, Turkey places great importance on our international cooperation to expand the use of nuclear energy and further promote its peaceful applications. We remain committed to working closely with international partners and relevant organizations to ensure that nuclear energy continues to be utilized in safe, secure, and sustainable manner for the benefit of all. I thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative of Turkey for the statement. The next speaker on my list is the distinguished representative of Norway. You have the floor, Excellency.

Chair, It is the right of all States Parties to develop, research, produce and use nuclear technology for peaceful purposes. Enshrined in Article IV, this right is an essential part of the Treaty's grand bargain and must be upheld in balance with obligations related to non-proliferation, nuclear safety, security and safeguards. Preserving this balance is vital for the credibility and sustainability of the NPT. Peaceful uses of nuclear science and technology are instrumental in the achievement of sustainable development goals. Through nuclear applications, cancer diagnosis and treatment are strengthened, food security and agricultural productivity are improved, water resource management is enhanced, and environmental monitoring and climate resilience are supported. Norway is actively working to ensuring that these benefits are available to all States Parties. Chair, the IAEA plays a unique and indispensable role in enabling the safe, secure, and sustainable peaceful use of nuclear technology. Considering the unprecedented global growth in the use of nuclear technologies, Norway reiterates the need for the Agency to be funded in a sufficient, predictable and sustainable manner, including through the Technical Cooperation Fund. Peaceful uses, non-proliferation, nuclear safety and nuclear security are mutually reinforcing. Effective safeguards and credible national regulatory frameworks enable cooperation and build confidence. Norway therefore emphasizes that any expansion of peaceful nuclear activities must take place within a comprehensive framework covering safeguards, implementation, safety and security, and responsible management of radioactive waste and spent fuel. Competent, independent, and well-resourced regulatory authorities are essential, as are education, training, and knowledge retention. Investing in the next generation of scientists, engineers, and regulators is a prerequisite for safe and secure peaceful nuclear activities. Norway supports IAEA initiatives in this area. Chair, many states are exploring the role of nuclear energy in addressing climate change and energy security. Each state has the sovereign right to determine its own energy mix. Any decision to pursue nuclear power must, however, be based on robust safety standards, transparent decision making, effective emergency preparedness, and credible solutions for waste and spent fuel management. Armed conflict in states with advanced nuclear industries, particularly those hosting nuclear power plants, pose serious risk. Norway underlines the importance of the IAEA Director General's seven indispensable pillars for nuclear safety and security in armed conflict. Chair, Norway strongly advocates minimizing and eliminating the civilian use and stocks of highly enriched uranium. We are working with the United States to reduce our own limited HEU holdings. Together with IAEA, Norway hosted the fourth international symposium on HEU minimization in March. Conclusions are reflected in working paper 36. International cooperation remains the backbone of pillar three. It must be inclusive, transparent, and responsive to national needs, while strengthening multilateral institution. Norway stresses that the IAEA should remain the primary forum for cooperation and technical assistance. Gender equality and diversity are also essential for a sustainable and resilient nuclear sector. Norway would like to commend the Philippines for working paper 10 on upscaling non-power applications of atomic energy, a timely and constructive contribution that highlights the transformative development impact of peaceful nuclear application and to which Norway is pleased to be an associated supporter. Finally, Norway is a member of the Vienna Group of 10, which has submitted working paper 37 to this conference. Chair, in conclusion, Norway believes this Review Conference should reaffirm the inalienable right to peaceful uses for nuclear energy, while underscoring the responsibilities that accompany that right. A strong and credible Pillar 3 depends on cooperation, robust institutions, high safety and security standards, and full respect for safeguards. Thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative of Norway for the statement. Next speaker on my list is the distinguished representative of Canada. You have the floor, Excellency.

Chair, Canada reaffirms that all States Parties have the right to develop, produce, and use nuclear technology for peaceful purposes, so long as these activities are conducted in full compliance with the NPT's nonproliferation obligations. The NPT provides the essential framework enabling States to access and expand the peaceful application of nuclear technologies. Its benefits could be seen across medicine, agriculture, and clean energy production. This work would not be possible without the IAEA assisting states to safely and securely harness nuclear technology for peaceful uses. Nuclear energy is among the lowest emitting sources of electricity, providing Canada and the world with reliable power that supports grid stability, energy security, and decarbonization. Canada's collaboration with nuclear partners, including newcomer states, is guided by common priorities of safety, security, and non-proliferation. Canada brings more than seven decades of experience in nuclear energy through its homegrown can-do technology and deep expertise across the nuclear fuel cycle. We are committed to advancing innovation and emerging technologies, including through our advancements in small modular reactors. As always, these new technologies will be introduced in a manner that upholds the highest standards of safety and security and in full cooperation with the IAEA on safeguards implementation. Canada remains committed to enabling the peaceful uses of nuclear energy. Our strengths position Canada as a stable and reliable partner in meeting the growing global demand from both established and newcomer nuclear power programs. The IAEA also plays an indispensable role in helping states through the milestones approach and promoting non-power applications that improve health, food systems and climate resilience through the technical cooperation program. Chair, Canada contributes to meeting growing global nuclear energy demand through the responsible export of nuclear materials and technologies. As the world's second largest producer of uranium, an exporter of CANDU reactor technology, and home to a competitive and diversified nuclear supply chain and high quality training and education programs, Canada supports all nuclear technologies. Canada is thus active in multilateral export control regimes, and has concluded 32 nuclear cooperation agreements covering 48 states to ensure that our nuclear exports are used exclusively for peaceful purposes. Canada is equally dedicated to reinforcing international nuclear safety and security. We have contributed over $158 million in voluntary extra budgetary contributions to the IAEA since 2003, including over $96 million to the Nuclear Security Fund. Canada has also been chairing the IAEA Regulatory Cooperation Forum since 2022. These contributions exemplify Canada's commitment to enabling the responsible growth of nuclear energy worldwide. Mr. Chairman, at the same time, Canada would like to express its deep disquiet about the nuclear safety and security risks posed by the ongoing occupation of the Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant in Ukraine by Russia, as well as Russia's attacks against energy infrastructure. We staunchly support the IAEA's technical activities in Ukraine, in particular the implementation of the Director General's seven indispensable pillars for nuclear safety and security in armed conflict. It is absolutely vital for all nuclear facilities in Ukraine to operate under the authority of the independent regulator of Ukraine. As regards the situation in the Middle East, Canada would like to reiterate its calls for restraint. We urge all parties to avoid taking any steps that could imperil nuclear safety and security. The collective principles of nuclear safety and security should be respected across the board and without exception. By way of conclusion, Canada would like to reiterate the central role of the NPT and of its three pillars as part of the global nonproliferation architecture. Thanks to Canada's efforts at home and abroad, we will continue to be an active partner working to promote and share the peaceful uses of nuclear technologies. I thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative of Canada for the statement. The next speaker on my list is the distinguished representative of the Netherlands. You have the floor, Excellency.

Chair, allow me to congratulate you on the assumption of your duties as Chair of Main Committee III. In addition to the statement delivered by the European Union, I would like to make the following statement in my national capacity. Chair, Excellencies, Distinguished Delegates, Peaceful nuclear cooperation offers real and tangible benefits. It supports energy security through nuclear power, advances medicine through life-saving treatments, and drives innovation in science and agriculture. These shared benefits create incentives for State Parties to remain committed to the NPT as a whole and non-proliferation in particular, constituting a balance based not only on restriction, but also on opportunities. Chair, over the past years, we have seen a rapid and impressive development of the application of nuclear technology that is positively impacting many countries around the world. Nuclear technology can play an important role in tackling our most pressing challenges, such as climate change, and can contribute directly to the Sustainable Development Goals. The Kingdom of the Netherlands fully recognizes the inalienable right of all States Parties under Article IV of the NPT to access nuclear technology for peaceful purposes. We also provide tangible support to peaceful use of nuclear technology, such as the cutting-edge research and innovation coming from our private sector and universities. The Netherlands has always been a strong supporter of international cooperation in the field of nuclear technology, for instance through providing extra-budgetary contributions in support of the important work of the International Atomic Energy Agency. Nationally, the Netherlands plans to expand our existing reactors, while also exploring the promising potential of advanced small modular reactors. Developments are also advancing into maritime applications, an area of special interest to the Netherlands, where the Dutch nuclear sector is eager to partner with other leading innovators. A new governmental organization, the Nuclear Energy Organization NL, abbreviated NEO, was founded in order to successfully manage and coordinate nuclear energy projects. Chair, we see the opportunities and potential that nuclear technology has to offer. We also acknowledge the current geopolitical tensions and how they are impacting the balanced bargain of the NPT. As we meet here today, nuclear safety, security and safeguards implementation in Ukraine continues to be threatened as a result of the Russian Federation's war of aggression against Ukraine. The illegal seizure of Ukraine's Zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant by Russia does not only infringe on Ukraine's right to peaceful use, but also has, but also led to unacceptable risks to nuclear safety and security for us all. We underline the ongoing relevance of the five principles as established by the Director General of the Agency. Let me also recall the importance of upholding the Agency's seven pillars for ensuring nuclear safety and security in armed conflicts. Chair, in concluding, the potential of peaceful uses is unprecedented, but can only thrive in a stable and rule-based international order. If we want to make full use of the benefits of nuclear technology while keeping the risks manageable, we have to protect and invest in strong institutions that facilitate nuclear cooperation. We call on all States to join us in upholding the frameworks for peaceful uses of nuclear energy, and to make sure that the balanced bargain of the NPT will serve all its State Parties for many years to come. Thank you for giving me the floor.

I thank the distinguished representative of the Kingdom of the Netherlands for the statement. The next speaker on my list is the distinguished representative of Austria. You have the floor, Excellency.

Chair, congratulations on your election. You have our full support. Austria aligns with the EU and the Vienna Group of Ten statements. Mr. Chair, we fully respect the inalienable right of all parties to the NPT to develop, research, production and use of nuclear energy for peaceful purposes, as stipulated by the Treaty. Indeed, there is a huge and growing array of non-power applications of peaceful nuclear science and technology, and ongoing work to enable more countries to benefit from them. Austria fully endorses and supports this. The IAEA plays a central role in helping to ensure that the benefits of nuclear technology are utilized for peaceful purposes. Austria values the IAEA's work under the ZODIAC initiative, Rays of Hope, New Tech Plastics, or Atoms for Food. Furthermore, we support the IAEA Marie Sklodowska-Curie Fellowship and Lise Meitner programs in empowering women in the nuclear field. Austria supports the IAEA and Member States in these activities, including through the co-financing of the IAEA Nuclear Applications Laboratories in Seibersdorf, Austria. Chair, when it comes to nuclear energy, our position is well known. This position is rooted in a serious concern for environmental safety and the risk for socio-economic consequences of any nuclear incident. In that spirit, for those countries who rely on nuclear power production, maintenance and the continuous improvement of nuclear safety have to be guaranteed, including adequately addressing physical aging and obsolescence of concepts and technology. Climate change requires our utmost attention, but we must not be shortsighted in our attempts to mitigate its negative effects. Nuclear power is not the answer. Sustainability is not limited to greenhouse gas emissions. The comparatively low CO2 emissions of nuclear power do not compensate for disadvantages inevitably connected to nuclear power. For example, the safe and permanent disposal of spent nuclear fuel remains unresolved. Even if such repositories would become operational in the foreseeable future, today's knowledge can hardly guarantee the safe enclosure required for hundreds of thousands of years. As history has shown us, we cannot exclude severe accidents from nuclear power plants involving large and early releases of radionuclides with significant adverse consequences, including contamination even on the territory of other countries. These are important concerns in relation to cross-border and long-term environmental and health impacts of nuclear accidents. There is only a limited supply of uranium and thorium available worldwide, and a nuclear fuel cycle does not exist so far. If there would be such a cycle, it would trigger additional challenges regarding safety, security and safeguards. Many more exist and they all underline a central point: In Austria's view, nuclear power is not compatible with the concept of sustainable development. Both the polluter pays principle and the precautionary principle are grossly violated in nuclear power use. Mr. Chair, as nuclear applications, power and non-power, are rolled out more widely, risks to peaceful nuclear installations from armed attack also increase. Such attacks pose a serious threat to nuclear safety and security and could result in radioactive releases with grave consequences within and beyond the boundaries of the state which has been attacked. We urge all parties to abstain from attacks on nuclear facilities and to avoid compromising nuclear safety, security and safeguards in light of the possible consequences. We recall the importance of upholding the IAEA's seven pillars for ensuring nuclear safety and security in armed conflict, and in the case of Russian attacks on Ukraine, also highlight the DG's five principles to prevent catastrophic events. We call upon states to refrain from such actions in accordance with international law. We note the relevant IAEA General Conference resolutions regarding armed attacks against nuclear facilities devoted to peaceful purposes in accordance with international law, including the UN Charter, the Geneva Conventions and additional protocols thereto. This call is further elaborated in WP 55 by Austria and other States Parties, the working paper. We are grateful for the IAEA's untiring work to fulfill its mandate close to the very front lines in Ukraine at the great risks to and hardship for its staff. Since it's illegal and unproved invasion of Ukraine in 2022 and the occupation of the Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant, Russia has consistently violated international law as well as IAEA safety standards and nuclear

I thank the distinguished representative of Austria for the statement. Next speaker on my list is the distinguished representative of Ireland. You have the floor, Excellency.

Chair, thank you and congratulations on your election. Ireland aligns itself with the statement of the European Union. Chair, the full implementation of the treaty and related commitments underpin the peaceful application of nuclear science and technology in a growing range of areas of human and animal health, and environmental protection and supports attainment of the Sustainable Development Goals. While Ireland has chosen not to include nuclear power in its energy mix, it recognises the inalienable right of others to do so under Article IV of the NPT. If a State chooses to use nuclear power, it is essential that it is used safely and securely. We welcome the important work of the IAEA in the implementation and the continuous improvement of nuclear safety and security standards. Ireland fully supports the vital, impartial expert work of the IAEA, on which we rely. As an island state, Ireland has a particular interest in maintaining and supporting the dialogue between coastal and shipping states regarding confidence-building measures for the maritime transport of nuclear materials by sea, as encouraged by Action 62 of the 2010 Action Plan. Chair, Ireland advocates for the full, equal and meaningful participation of women and the integration of gender perspectives across the three pillars of the NPT. This is essential for the treaty to achieve its objectives. Improving gender equality and participation in the NPT review process will enhance the effectiveness of the treaty's review processes and ensure more equitable and sustainable outcomes. Gender considerations extend beyond participation. By applying a gender analysis and promoting diverse gender perspectives, we can highlight other significant differential gendered impacts. In this time of pushback on the rights of women globally and growing nuclear risks, characterised by increased nuclear rhetoric and backsliding on key obligations, we must ensure that all voices are heard and that sustainable outcomes can be achieved. Chair, Ireland looks forward to discussing how to strengthen the review process of the NPT. We will devote particular attention in that respect to enhancing transparency and accountability. Let me preface my remarks on this by emphasising that this is first and foremost a pillar one issue in relation to nuclear weapons states' fulfilment of their disarmament obligations and their commitments. Chair, we hope that with creativity and flexibility we can progress at this conference. It would represent a welcome investment in the full implementation of the Treaty, particularly Article VI. Ireland has worked closely with many States Parties, including New Zealand and Switzerland, and within the European Union and the New Agenda Coalition over this review cycle on the issue of transparency and accountability. The vast majority of States Parties on a cross-regional basis have emphasised the need for progress. Now is the time to act, in two ways in particular. First, we should agree to enhance the national reporting by nuclear weapons States to improve clarity and consistency in relation to Article VI and related commitments. Second, we should establish in-person interactive dialogue on those reports within the review cycle. This could take place within the existing main committee structure, with particular emphasis on disarmament pillar commitments, or as a new standalone agenda item. We welcome those who have facilitated informal discussion of their national reports at this review conference. Institutionalizing that practice in the formal review cycle would bring three benefits. It would mean that all nuclear weapons states would engage on their national reports. It would allow all non-nuclear weapons states to interact on those reports on an equal basis, and it would breathe life into discussions on Article VI in particular. Our proposal would build on existing practice, impose no new obligations, and create no new legal categories. Non-nuclear weapons states could engage on a voluntary basis. This would constitute, we believe, a modest step, but one that is long overdue. Agreement would be an important investment in restoring trust in the implementation of the disarmament commitments, reducing misconceptions and strengthening the treaty as a whole. We urge all States Parties to consider the European Union's working paper number one and working paper number seven submitted by New Zealand, Switzerland and Ireland as the basis for further discussion and agreement at this review conference. Thank you, Chair.

I thank the distinguished representative of Ireland for the statement. Next speaker on my list is the distinguished representative of Australia. You have the floor, Excellency.

Thank you, Chair. Throughout this review cycle, we have heard the growing interest from NPT States Parties in accessing the benefits of nuclear science and technology. The NPT is the essential framework for doing this securely, safely, and with safeguards. Australia has been very pleased to contribute through working papers from NPDI and the Vienna Group of 10, which offer constructive guidance for this conference. Australia reaffirms the right of all States Parties to develop, research, produce and use nuclear energy for safe and peaceful purposes, should they choose to do so, in full conformity with Articles I and II of the NPT. Chair, we commend the IAEA support for states, parties to access the benefits of nuclear science and technology, including through its technical cooperation program. Australia is proud to support this and other programs, including through substantial extra budgetary support. We urge all states parties to ensure the IAEA is fully resourced to fulfill its mandate. Chair, many of the people working on the implementation of Pillar 3 are not in this conference room. They are our scientists, our lab technicians, our radiologists and more. They comprise a dynamic, growing group of people committed to peaceful uses who know that diversity in gender, age and expertise delivers results. Chair, Australia was pleased and privileged to host a diverse group of women from our region at the Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation in Sydney this year. along with the IAEA for the Lise Meitner program to boost women's leadership in the nuclear sector. Chair, in 2026, Australia marks 20 years of safe operation of our OPAL multipurpose research reactor. Australia is doing its part to contribute to nuclear safety and security. ANSTO has pioneered a breakthrough technology, Synroc, a safe, secure and sustainable radioactive waste treatment. SINROC is a practical contribution to nuclear safety, a stable, long-term solution for radioactive waste and reducing risks to people and the environment. Australia continues to fulfil its responsibilities as a major and reliable supplier of uranium. Through our network of nuclear cooperation agreements, we promote the highest standards of safety, security and non-proliferation, including the broad application of IAEA safeguards and the Additional Protocol. Chair, it is important that this conference reaffirm the IAEA's central role and leadership on nuclear safety and security. We echo the comments of IAEA Director General Grossi in stressing the paramount importance of adhering to the seven pillars for ensuring nuclear safety and security, including during conflict. Australia remains gravely concerned by the unprovoked and unjustified full-scale invasion of Ukraine and the control of the Zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant. We recommend the IAEA. We commend the IAEA for its vital role in the safety, security and safeguarding of Ukraine's national nuclear power plants. The IAEA's presence in Ukraine has been critical in providing independent, impartial reporting to the international community. We reiterate that the most effective protection of Ukraine's nuclear infrastructure is an immediate and complete withdrawal of all Russian military and unauthorized personnel and the full return of the nuclear facilities to Ukrainian control. Chair, effective export controls play an important enabling role for peaceful nuclear cooperation while safeguarding against proliferation risks and maintaining confidence in the international nuclear framework. This review conference should reiterate the value of effective export controls and treaty implementation. Chair, effective implementation of the NPT depends not only on the actions and engagement of States Parties, but also on the strength, transparency and credibility of the treaty reviews process. Chair, our full statement will be uploaded on the website. Thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative of Australia for the statement. Next speaker on my list is the distinguished representative of the Philippines. You have the floor, Excellency.

Mr. Chair, the Philippines aligns itself with the statement delivered by NAM and will make the following remarks in its national capacity. The Philippines reiterates its longstanding position that the pillar of the peaceful uses of atomic energy should be co-equal and not ancillary to nuclear disarmament and nonproliferation. Under Article 4 of the Treaty, States Parties have the inalienable right to pursue nuclear energy for peaceful purposes without discrimination. We acknowledge the transformative potential of nuclear science and technology in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals, as well as in tackling global challenges. We should enhance our efforts to leverage nuclear technology applications such as nuclear medicine, isotope hydrology, food irradiation, sterile insect technique, and new tech plastics. These are effective solutions that have the potential to enable countries, particularly developing countries, to address socioeconomic development problems. The IAEA's Technical Cooperation Program plays an essential role in the transfer of nuclear science and technology to developing countries. As such, we urge States parties to reiterate support for this program at this review conference. For our part, the Philippines undertook the following cooperative mechanisms and initiatives, including with the IAEA to maximize the benefits of nuclear science and technology. We hosted the International High Level Forum on Nuclear Technology for Controlling Plastic Pollution in November last year to discuss the progress in developing the technology for reprocessing plastics and other innovative solutions. We undertook partnerships with the private sector to develop a breakthrough process that transforms low value plastic wastes into durable and commercially viable construction materials, contributing to circular economy by upcycling plastic wastes into tiles and roofing. We established a marine microplastics monitoring laboratory to equip researchers with the tools to quantify microplastic pollution with scientific precision. As chair of ASEAN as well as the ASEAN Network of Regulatory Bodies on Atomic Energy this year, the Philippines is committed to strengthening the regional capability of ASEAN member states in responding to nuclear and radiological emergencies. We will organize an ASEAN nuclear emergency response and communication exercise in June this year. Mr. Chair, the Philippines reaffirms its strong support for the peaceful uses of atomic energy while ensuring nuclear safety, security, and non-proliferation. It is in this spirit that in September 2025, President Ferdinand Marcos Jr. signed a landmark law promoting the safe and peaceful use of nuclear energy, establishing an institutional framework to support our nuclear energy transitions. Our experience in seeing the tangible benefits for communities is our motivation for our persistent call to upscale non power applications. Our vision is simple to go beyond prototypes or pilot stages of nuclear projects and to yield actual benefits through tapping their full commercial potential and their intended multiplier effect. This is outlined in working paper number 10 on this topic, currently co-sponsored by 43 states parties. In conclusion, we call to move with clarity, confidence and scientific ambition to ensure that future generations inherit a world where technology safeguards the environment, boosts economies and increases opportunities for everyone. Thank you, Mr. Chair.

I thank the distinguished representative of the Philippines for the statement. Next speaker on my list is the distinguished representative of South Africa. You have the floor, Excellency.

Thank you, Chairperson. South Africa congratulates you on the chairmanship of MC3 and assures you of its full support. South Africa associates with the statements made on behalf of the Non-Aligned Movement and the Africa Group. Chairperson, the NPT reaffirms the inalienable right to the peaceful uses of nuclear energy pursuant to Article IV. While many interpret Article 4 to be about the promotion of nuclear power, the requirements for developing states are in many instances more basic. The peaceful uses of nuclear energy in health, agriculture, and industry, amongst others, contribute meaningfully to socioeconomic development and the achievement of the sustainable development goals and African Union Agenda 2063. Against the backdrop of increasing interest in non-power applications and application of nuclear energy for power generation to combat climate change, Member States continue to collaborate through nuclear science and technology projects and programs focused on specific and shared needs. The African Regional Cooperative Agreement for Research, Development and Training remains vital for promoting benefits of nuclear science and technology and provides an important platform for building skills and capacity across the region. Chairperson, we reaffirm the leading role that the International Atomic Energy Agency has in the development and promotion of nuclear and nuclear-derived technologies, assisting Member States to harness the enormous benefits from the peaceful uses of nuclear energy. South Africa therefore recommends the affirmation of the 2010 NPT Review Conference outcome, under which Member States undertook to: 1. Facilitate and reaffirm the inalienable right of States Parties to participate in the fullest possible exchange of equipment, materials and scientific and technological information for peaceful uses of nuclear energy; 2. Give preferential treatment to the non-nuclear-weapon States Parties to the Treaty, taking the needs of developing countries in particular into account. And three, facilitate the transfer of nuclear technology and international cooperation in conformity with Articles 1, 2, 3, and 4 of the Treaty. And fourth, eliminate undue restrictions inconsistent with the Treaty. Chairperson, we attach great importance to the IAEA's technical cooperation programme, through which peaceful uses of nuclear science and technology is made available to countries. The lack of sufficient, assured and predictable funding to the IAEA to fulfil its promotional mandate and to meet the increasing number of requests for technical cooperation is a concern. It is therefore essential that we prioritize the program despite difficult global and financial conditions. South Africa remains committed to hosting, supporting and participating in fellowships, scientific visits, training courses and international schools in all the areas of the IAEA's work. South Africa was proud to have the eThebe labs become its first IAEA collaborating center, which is being used as part of the IAEA supported initiative to enhance regional capacity, particularly in advanced particle accelerator techniques. Closing the cancer gap must be prioritised. We acknowledge the continued impactful work being done in South Africa at the Nuclear Research Medicine Infrastructure as a designated rays of hope and centre towards providing cancer care for all, including across the African continent. Chairperson, nothing should be interpreted in a way as inhibiting or restricting the inelible right of states to development to develop atomic energy for peaceful uses State's choices and decisions in the field of peaceful uses of nuclear energy and its nuclear fuel cycle policies must be respected South Africa appreciates the agency's efforts in supporting member states to enhance nuclear security to positively contribute to the development and utilization of nuclear technology for peaceful uses however we that nuclear security should not be a precondition to access nuclear science and technologies for peaceful uses. The integrity of the NPT rests on the fundamental bargain across the three pillars of the Treaty, each of which must be fully recognized and upheld without prejudice. I thank you, Chair.

I thank the distinguished representative of South Africa for the statement. Next speaker on my list is the distinguished representative of Czechia. You have the floor, Excellency.

Thank you, Chair. Czech Republic aligns itself with the statement delivered by the European Union. In our national capacity, I would like to highlight several key points. Czech Republic remains a strong and consistent supporter of the peaceful uses of nuclear energy as one of the fundamental pillars of the NPT. We are convinced that the nuclear science and technology play an indispensable role in addressing global challenges such as climate change and energy security. Nuclear energy continues to form a cornerstone of our national energy mix, contributing significantly to decarbonization efforts and long-term energy resilience. At the same time, we stress that the benefits of the peaceful uses can only be fully realized if they are pursued in a safe, secure, and peaceful manner. In this regard, the role of the IAEA and its verification regimes remains irreplaceable. Furthermore, we believe that robust and effective export controls represent a key component of the international nonproliferation system. Czech Republic fully supports the nuclear export control regimes, namely the Nuclear Suppliers Group and the Zangre Committee. Therefore, we call upon all states to adhere to the guidelines of these regimes allowing states to facilitate transfers of nuclear technology only for peaceful uses. Chair, Czech Republic is continuously providing its know-how, training and expertise, and making available its national infrastructure for training within the IAEA Technical Cooperation Programme. We remain committed in advancing capacity building, strengthening regulatory frameworks, and sharing best practices. We actively contribute to the IAEA's activities, both financially and through in-kind expertise. Czech Republic is strongly committed to collaboration with the IAEA on the National Technical Cooperation Program, where we participate in relevant regional and interregional projects. We cooperate with the IAEA in the preparation and implementation of so-called expert missions. to support existing operation in the nuclear sector with technical knowledge or expert insight into specific issues or technical equipment addressing the key areas in nuclear safety, radiation protection and nuclear security. Additionally, Czech Republic works closely with the IAEA under the framework of the Member State Support Programme to the IAEA Safeguards and within the INSEP initiative of the United States Department of Energy. There, we contribute to various training courses and organize technical visits, workshops, or webinars for newcomer countries. We believe that such assistance significantly contributes to the assurance for the international community of a state's commitment to meeting the highest standard of transparency and safeguards verification. Chair, in light of the current geopolitical situation, we must once again express our serious concern regarding Russia's ongoing aggression against Ukraine. The unlawful seizure and continued control of the Zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant represents a violation of international law. Russia's actions, including targeting of electrical substations, shows disregard for the fundamental principles of nuclear safety and security. Such actions are unacceptable. They undermine the integrity of the global nuclear safety and security framework and set a dangerous precedent. We fully support the IAEA's effort to ensure nuclear safety and security in Ukraine, including its continued presence on the ground. Respect for the IAEA mandate and for the seven indispensable pillars for nuclear safety and security in armed conflict and five principles must be upheld without exception. Chair, looking ahead, Czech Republic will continue to advance innovation in the nuclear field. We are in the midst of building our nuclear capacity for power production and research and development. We are currently preparing the construction of several additional reactors at our existing nuclear sites. In addition to that, Czech Republic is also preparing for construction of several small modular reactors, which will contribute to reliable low carbon energy solutions. In line with that, we reiterate our commitment to the highest levels of safety, security and safeguards, and therefore we closely collaborate with many international partners. such as the Republic of Korea, the United Kingdom, Finland, and many others. In conclusion, Czech Republic reaffirms its unwavering commitment to the NPT and its three mutually reinforcing pillars. We remain determined to contribute to strengthening the treaty's implementation and to promoting the responsible, safe, and secure use of nuclear energy for the benefit of all. Thank you, Chair.

I thank the distinguished representative of Czechia for the statement. Next speaker on my list is the distinguished representative of Poland. You have the floor, Excellency.

Very much, Mr. Chairman. Poland congratulates you on your election and fully associate itself with the EU statement. A few remarks in our national capacity. The peaceful uses of nuclear energy remain a fundamental pillar of the treaty and a key enabler in addressing today's global challenges. Poland firmly supports the right of all States Parties to access and develop nuclear technology for peaceful purposes in full accordance with the provisions of the NPT. In the current geopolitical context, nuclear energy has gained renewed importance as a reliable, low-emission and sovereign source of power. It contributes not only to sustainable development, but also to strengthening energy security and resilience, particularly in regions exposed to external pressure and instability. Mr. Chair, Poland is pursuing a comprehensive transformation of its energy system, with nuclear energy as one of its central pillars. Our strategy is based on a balanced approach, combining nuclear power with renewable energy sources to ensure a stable, secure, and low-carbon energy mix. The Polish nuclear power program foresees the developments of the nuclear capacity in the range of six to nine gigawatts. The first nuclear power plant is advancing in cooperation with experienced international partners. The first unit is scheduled to start operating in 2036. In the longer term, Poland plans to achieve up to nine gigawatts of installed nuclear capacity by 2042. Work is underway of subsequent projects, including preparation for the second nuclear power plant, with discussion currently ongoing with potentially technology suppliers. Poland is committed to ensuring the selection of process in transparent, competitive and the well structure way. In the same time, Poland is evaluating the role of small modular reactors as a complementary solution, particularly. for industrial applications. Their future developments will depend on the technological maturity, regularity readiness, and economic viability, ensuring a just transition remains a priority by considering existing conventional energy sites for future nuclear investment. Poland aims to combine decarbonization efforts with regional development of workforce continuity. Mr. Chair, Poland remains fully committed to upholding the highest standards of nuclear safety and security and non-proliferation. We continue to implement all relevant international obligations and actively support the work of the IAEA. Our engagement in the IEA projects includes financial contributions as well as active participation, technical cooperation, training, and international knowledge exchange. In this context, Poland expresses its firm and continued support for key IEA initiatives, including the ZODIAC project and Maria Sklodowska Curie Fellowship Program, both of which benefit from Poland's financial contribution. Mr. Chair, Poland remains convinced that the peaceful use of nuclear energy, implemented responsibly in full compliance with the NPT, is essential for advancing sustainable development, strengthening global energy security, addressing climate change, and contributing to peace, health, and prosperity. Thank you very much. Full version will be uploaded online.

I thank the distinguished representative of Poland for the statement. The next speaker on my list is the distinguished representative of Belgium. You have the floor, Excellency.

Thank you, Chair. Belgium aligns itself with the statement delivered on behalf of the European Union. Chair, the founding fathers of the NPT understood the power of the atom and the need to distribute its benefits in an equitable manner. They, however, could not foresee some of the challenges the international community is facing today. Nor could they imagine the many applications the use of the atom would generate, helping us to deal with those new challenges. Nuclear energy has not only become an appealing source of power generation, but also an ally in the quest to lower greenhouse gas emissions. Medical isotopes play a key role in cancer diagnosis and treatment. Nuclear techniques help improve crop resilience in the face of disease and climate change. And nuclear-driven desalination supports the optimization of water management. Importantly, all these applications play a role in achieving sustainable development. Chair, ensuring equitable access to the benefits of nuclear science and technology depends on robust assistance and technology transfer. Belgium consistently and timely meets its voluntary assessed contributions to the IAEA Technical Cooperation Fund. In addition, we have provided tailored extra budgetary contributions every year supporting initiatives in agriculture, health, safeguards, security and women's empowerment. Chair, we must learn from past mistakes. Nuclear accidents drove some states to abandon this type of energy. Safety and security are of paramount importance and should be factored in from the inception of projects. Safety and security hinge on certain procedures and equipment. but also on a fully independent regulator to make sure that corners aren't cut. Past experience also includes cases where technology transfers ended up fomenting military programs. Here, too, we should learn the lesson. Export controls are instrumental to prevent diversion of technology to non-legitimate purposes. Robust national legislation and international cooperation should be encouraged. Chair, we should also encourage. We should also engage the public and foster dialogue about the benefits of the peaceful uses of nuclear technology. Proactive and meaningful engagement with domestic audiences is necessary to dispel the lack of understanding of peaceful nuclear technologies and counter misinformation. Chair. Europe's and Ukraine's nuclear safety and security continue to be threatened by Russia's illegal invasion of Ukraine. The unlawful occupation of the Zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant is particularly alarming, and the drone attack on the new safe confinement at Chernobyl further illustrates Russia's disregard for nuclear safety and security. We strongly support the continuous presence of IAEA personnel at all nuclear power plants in Ukraine. But there remains only one viable solution to this situation: Russia's immediate and unconditional withdrawal from all occupied territories, including the Zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant, and the full restoration of control by the Ukrainian authorities. Chair, Belgium also welcomes the multi-layered monitoring of the discharge of ALPS-treated water from the Fukushima nuclear power plant into the ocean. We support the critical role of the IAEA and have full confidence in its impartial scientific advice. Chair, the peaceful use of the atom is not merely a technical domain, it is also a promise, one we must continue to safeguard and expand for future generations. The full version of our statement will be uploaded. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.

I thank the distinguished representative of Belgium for the statement. Next speaker on my list is the distinguished representative of Romania. You have the floor, Excellency.

Chair, Excellencies, dear colleagues, Romania aligns with the EU statement and would like to make the following remarks in our national capacity. As a non-nuclear weapons State Party to the NPT, Romania fully upholds the inalienable right of all State Parties to develop, research, production and use of nuclear energy for peaceful purposes without discrimination and in conformity with Articles I, II, III and IV of the Treaty, as well as with comprehensive safeguards agreements concluded with the IAEA. We reiterate our continued support to the IAEA's mission to uphold nuclear safety and security, including at the Zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant, and to promote the peaceful use of nuclear technologies despite the current challenges. We encourage all States to become parties to the relevant treaties and conventions aimed at creating a strong nuclear safety and security architecture. As a member of the IEA network of nuclear security training and support centers, Romania has continued to develop its national center for nuclear security training, standing ready to cooperate and assist countries in the region. Having a civilian nuclear program, Romania remains committed to strengthening global nuclear safety and security and highlights the importance of cooperation in the field of peaceful uses of nuclear energy. Romania advocates for the awareness of the benefits of the peaceful use of nuclear energy and the importance of harnessing it in order to identify solutions to the crisis generated by climate change as well as for energy security. With 60 years of experience in nuclear energy, Romania is acting on multiple levels. The Cernavoda nuclear power plant, which has been operating for 30 years respecting maximum safety and efficiency conditions, exploring actively innovative nuclear technology, the SMRs, and taking into account Romania's needs and potential. To ensure the highly skilled workforce needed to develop these projects since 2023, the National University of Science and Technology, Politecnica, Bucharest, hosts a control room simulator for the new scale SMR plant, which serves as a critical workforce development tool for Romanian nuclear specialists. Romania aims to expand its peaceful nuclear energy sector in order to nearly triple its production capacities in the next 10 years, considering that nuclear energy is one of the sources capable of covering the clean energy deficit. Nuclear energy covers approximately one fifth of the Romanian electricity consumption, and we are continuing the projects at the Jena Voda nuclear power plant by refurbishing reactor one and developing units three and four with CANDU technology. Chair, Romania is developing a wide spectrum of activities in the field of peaceful application of nuclear science and technology. In this context, let me mention that Romania will also develop and produce medical isotopes at the Chernavoda NPP used in advanced medical treatments. Significant success has been achieved by national participation in several projects, such as the Alfred project, which contributes to the development of generation for reactor technology within the framework of the European Commission Strategic Energy Technology Plan, supporting long term sustainability and innovation in nuclear energy systems. Also, progress was achieved in the framework of the Romania IAEA World Bank Health Sector Reform project in several fields. Romania remains firmly committed to facilitating the peaceful uses of nuclear energy in accordance with Article IV of the NPP, while ensuring the highest standards of nuclear safety, security, and nonproliferation. The national export control system is designed not to impede legitimate nuclear cooperation, but to ensure that such cooperation takes place exclusively for peaceful purposes and under appropriate safeguards. Romania also contributed to international capacity building and the strengthening of nuclear security culture. I will mention just briefly few events that Romania hosted, organized or co-organized since the last NPT refcon, such as the concrete shield exercise in 2024, the convex three exercise with the IAEA in 2025, two nuclear sustainability seminars together with Carnegie Endowment for International Peace in Bucharest in 2024 and New York in 2025, the anniversary of 10 years of existence of the IP and DB back in 2024 and the global footprint, the first edition of the global footprint in 2024. Chair Romania remains committed to advancing the goals of the NPT with regard to peaceful uses of nuclear energy and joins the majority of state parties in moving towards transparency and accountability with regard to the implementation of the treaty and its related commitments. I thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative of Romania for the statement. Next speaker on my list is the distinguished representative of Qatar. You have the floor, Excellency.

Mr. Chairman, at the outset, we congratulate you on your selection to chair our committee. And we align ourselves with the Arab Group statement and NAM statement. Mr. Chairman, the State of Qatar reiterates that the peaceful uses of nuclear energy is an inalienable right of Member States as per the NPT, Article IV. These uses are no longer dispensable for the achievement of sustainable development. We emphasize the need that peaceful energy programs must be transparent and responsible and must conform with the comprehensive safeguards program of the IAEA. We reiterate the central role of the IAEA in supporting developing countries In the area of the peaceful uses of nuclear energy, we reiterate that the technical cooperation program is a necessary tool for knowledge transfer and capacity building and adherence to the criteria of nuclear safety and security. In this regard, we cooperate with the IAEA and we have become members of the board of governance in of governors at the IAEA agency in several sessions in the past and we cooperate in this field of the peaceful uses with the agency and Qatar has been nominated through the Qatar Fund for Development in 2025-2026 and we have signed a partnership agreement with the agency in the value of $600,000 and also participate in the efforts in Syria, which demonstrates our commitment to the humanitarian development applications of nuclear energy. In conclusion, we emphasize that this is not just a right to all state and its sovereign right to achieve its development goals, but it's an opportunity to strategically achieve sustainability. And this pillar of the NPT must continue in transparency within the comprehensive safeguards program. And this will accordingly allow for a more credible and balanced regime for nonproliferation. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.

I thank the distinguished representative of Qatar for the statement. The next speaker on my list is the distinguished representative of Zimbabwe. You have the floor, Excellency.

My delegation congratulates you, Ambassador Pekka Pustinen, on your election as Chair of Main Committee III, and we assure you of our full support. Chair, Zimbabwe aligns itself with the statement delivered by the Group of Non-Aligned States Parties to the NPT and by the African Group. I will deliver the following remarks in our national capacity. Zimbabwe reaffirms Article 4 of the NPT, in which all States Parties undertook to facilitate and have the right to participate in the fullest possible exchange of equipment, materials and scientific and technological information for the peaceful uses of nuclear energy. Nuclear technology and science can serve as an accelerant for the attainment of the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals with profound possibilities in sectors including energy, food and agriculture, industry, health, climate change, environment and water. We urge this review conference to advance concrete proposals in this regard. Chair, Zimbabwe applauds several initiatives under the International Atomic Energy Agency, which have increased and popularized access to a range of nuclear science applications. These include the Rays of Hope program, which has enabled many countries to establish and/or strengthen access to safe, secure, and effective radiation medicine. The New Tech Plastics Initiative, which is addressing the global challenge of plastic pollution. The Water Availability Enhancement Project, which is improving long-term access to fresh water. The ZODIAC program, which is helping to address zoonotic diseases to safeguard human and animal health. And the Atoms for Food initiative, which is helping countries to boost food security. We further applaud the Atoms for Net Zero initiative, which supports efforts by member states to harness the power of nuclear energy in the transition to net zero. In this vein, Zimbabwe welcomes the ongoing research into small modular reactors, SMRs, which could enhance energy security while helping to achieve global climate goals. Along with many countries in the global south, Zimbabwe wishes to benefit from these peaceful uses of nuclear energy. Beyond addressing the urgent imperative for climate action through the provision of reliable low-carbon electricity, heat, and hydrogen, nuclear energy is also uniquely positioned to support emerging economic development pathways. We note that new and advanced technologies, including next-generation nuclear designs, are expected to enable emerging and developing economies to leapfrog traditional development trajectories that have historically centered on fossil fuels and energy-intensive industries. Harnessing nuclear energy could therefore provide a pathway to bridge the energy divide and enable more countries to achieve production scales that reduce disparities in the global economy. Chair, Zimbabwe reaffirms its strong support for the indispensable role of the IAEA in encouraging and assisting the development and practical application of atomic energy for peaceful uses, in technology transfer to developing countries, and in nuclear safety, verification and security. Zimbabwe recalls Action 51 of the 2010 Action Plan, and we urge continued facilitation of transfers of nuclear technology and international cooperation among States Parties and the elimination of any undue constraints inconsistent with the Treaty. We further reiterate Action 56 of the 2010 Action Plan and underline the need for national, bilateral and international efforts to train the necessary skilled workforce needed to develop peaceful uses of nuclear energy. In this regard, we also highlight Action 60 of 2010, which calls for the sharing of best practices in nuclear safety and security, including through dialogue with the nuclear industry and the private sector as appropriate. In conclusion, Chair, in this spirit, we urge all States Parties to fully uphold their obligations under the NPT and to reinforce international cooperation that ensures that nuclear technology is used exclusively for peaceful purposes. I thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative of Zambia for the statement. That was the last speaker on my list for this meeting. I note that there are two requests from delegations to exercise their right of reply. Pursuant to Rule 19 of the Rules of Procedure, we will hear them now. May I remind delegations that, in accordance with Rule 19, that these statements should be as brief as possible. Delegations should limit their interventions to five minutes. May I also remind delegations that in accordance with the established practice, the number of interventions in the exercise of the right of reply for any delegation is limited to two. The second intervention should be limited to three minutes. Consistent with the advice provided by the President of the Conference, speaking limits will be strictly enforced for rights of reply. A timer will show on the screen indicating when there is one minute remaining. After the time limit has been reached, the microphone will be cut off. I now invite the representative of Russian Federation to take the floor.

Thank you, Mr. Chairman. At the outset, I wish to congratulate you on your election to the post of Chair. We stand ready to provide you with comprehensive support as you discharge your duties. Distinguished Mr. Chairman, throughout the discussion we had, a host of delegations and a representative of one intergovernmental association, allegations were leveled at the Russian Federation. There is no rationale. These allegations go beyond the confines of the NPT. They don't further the objectives of the conference, and in fact, they undermine this review. conference cycle. Against this backdrop, what particularly drew our attention was the unprofessional, irresponsible and aggressive statement delivered by the representative of the European Commission, which contained unjustified and mendacious allegations levelled at the Russian Federation. We believe that the European Commission being allowed to take the floor as part of the review process to be a mistake. Our response is the following: we reject All of the statements to the effect that the Russian Federation supposedly struck the new safe confinement at the Chernobyl NPP, this clearly is a provocation on the part of Ukraine. Let us remind you that the Russian Federation made a significant financial contribution to the building of the new confinement as part of the Chernobyl fund to that end. The ZNPP is a Russian nuclear facility. It is now under Russian jurisdiction following the September 2022 referendum that was held in Zaporizhzhia region. Due to the vote that was taken at that referendum. Ukraine regularly creates threats to the ZNPP. Throughout this conference alone, the Ukrainian Armed Forces struck at least six times with drones and also conducted one mass strike using artillery. These were strikes aimed at facilities which seek to ensure the functioning of the ZNPP. Facilities which are very close to the ZNPP industrial complex. As a result of the strike, one person died. UAVs were also launched by the Ukraine to other NPPs in the Russian Federation. There were attacks on the staff at these various facilities. There were also psychological threats issued to the staff and their families. This is what Ukraine is doing. All of Kyiv's actions would be impossible without the material, moral, political, and technical support on the part of NATO and EU countries. Let us underscore that it is NATO and the EU, as well as their allies, who bear responsibility for Ukraine's actions. All of the aforementioned states must immediately stop any cooperation with Ukraine. Let us also note that a number of delegations flagged the so-called seven principles, which have been completely compromised by the fact that they have been mentioned solely with a view to supporting Ukraine. And this despite the fact that the Russian Federation is doing nothing in contravention of these principles, which are not binding, but rather reasonable. Nevertheless, Western delegations and the IAEA Secretariat are forgetting about these principles. They forget about them when we talk about attacks against the nuclear facilities of Russia and Iran. Therefore, we believe that the seven principles, their mention, well, it is completely inappropriate. I thank you.

I thank the representative of Russian Federation for the intervention. I now invite the representative of Islamic Republic of Iran to take the floor.

Thank you, Mr. Chair. In response to the unfounded allegations raised by certain delegations against Iran's Bushehr Nuclear Power Plant, we exercise our right of reply to place the facts on record and underscore the evident double standard. The safety of the Bushehr Nuclear Power Plant is of the highest priority for my country. Accordingly, every necessary measure has been taken to ensure that it adheres to the most stringent international safety standards. Its safety has been duly certified by Iran's National Nuclear Regulatory Authority and independently verified by the IAEA through an operational safety review team. An IAEA-led operational safety review team mission has been carried out at the Bushehr Nuclear Power Plant. Its mission, comprising experts from multiple countries, assess the plant's operational safety against IAEA safeguard standards. The Operational Safety Review Team process is a well established independent peer review mechanism coordinated by the IAEA and represents a rigorous technical evaluation of safety performance. There is therefore no credible basis for the concerns that has been expressed. It is, however, striking that the same delegations advancing such claims have remained silent in the face of armed attacks carried out by the United States and the Israeli regime against Iran's peaceful nuclear facilities under the full scope IAEA safeguards. These attacks constitute a real and immediate threat to nuclear safety and security, with grave consequences for civilians and the environment across the region. Notably, the same Bushehr Nuclear Power Plant, about whose safety these delegations now express concern, has itself been subject to such attacks. Yet, this is deliberately omitted from their statement. Several strikes occurred in this plant, and Iran duly informed the IAEA of these incidents. This includes damage caused by shock waves and projectile fragments to site structures, as well as the tragic loss of a member of the facility's physical protection personnel. In another instance, a structure located approximately 350 meters from the reactor was hit and destroyed. Instead of addressing these real and urgent dangers, These delegations have chosen to promote unfounded narratives about a facility that operates in line with the highest standards of nuclear safety and security. We also witnessed today in this committee a striking display of hypocrisy and double standards by certain Western delegations. While they decline to condemn the attacks carried out by the United States and the Israeli regime against Iran's peaceful nuclear facilities, under the IAEA safeguards, a matter that should have been among the main focuses of this Review Conference, particularly in Main Committee III. They readily advanced unfounded allegations this morning in Main Committee II regarding Iran's peaceful nuclear program. Such inconsistency calls into question their objectivity and undermines confidence in their stated commitment to the Treaty. Rather than strengthening the credibility of the NPT, these approaches risk eroding it. I thank you, Mr. Chair.

I thank the representative of Islamic Republic of Iran for the intervention. That was the last speaker to exercise rights of reply. We will continue with the general exchange of views at the next meeting of Main Committee III on Tuesday, 5 May, 00 p.m. until 6:00 p.m. The meeting is adjourned.