{"disclaimer":"Transcripts available through this tool are created by using automatic speech recognition and are not official records nor official documents of the United Nations. Official records and official documents are available on the Official Document System of the United Nations.","url":"https://transcripts.un.org/en/asset/k1a/k1ad4k1m9e","llms":{"note":"Plain-text sibling of this page, compact for LLM context. For the full API guide (search, listing, URL grammar) see /llms.txt.","textUrl":"/en/asset/k1a/k1ad4k1m9e.txt","guide":"/llms.txt"},"video":{"id":"k1a/k1ad4k1m9e","kaltura_id":"1_ad4k1m9e","title":"Outer Space: Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space, Scientific and Technical Subcommittee, 62nd session, 1022 meeting","clean_title":"Outer Space: Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space, Scientific and Technical Subcommittee, 62nd session, 1022 meeting","url":"https://webtv.un.org/en/asset/k1a/k1ad4k1m9e","date":"2025-02-06T00:00:00.000Z","scheduled_time":"2025-02-06T14:00:00.000Z","status":"finished","duration":"04:22:53","category":"General Assembly","body":"General Assembly","event_code":null,"event_type":null,"session_number":"62nd session","pv_symbol":null,"pv_part":null,"slug":"asset/k1a/k1ad4k1m9e"},"metadata":{"summary":"Outer Space: Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space, Scientific and Technical Subcommittee, 62nd session","description":null,"categories":["Meetings & Events","General Assembly","Subsidiary organs of the General Assembly","Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space"],"geographic_subject":[],"subject_topical":[],"corporate_name":["UNITED NATIONS OFFICE FOR OUTER SPACE AFFAIRS - UNOOSA"],"speaker_affiliation":[],"related_documents":[{"title":"United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs - STSC 2025","url":"https://www.unoosa.org/oosa/en/ourwork/copuos/stsc/2025/index.html"}]},"transcript":{"transcript_id":"assemblyai-universal-3-5-pro-a0436a0a-23f8-49ed-8f23-0c83c95889da","language":"en","data":[{"statement_number":1,"start":1429.269,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1a/k1ad4k1m9e?t=1430","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Good afternoon, distinguished delegates.","start":1429.269,"end":1431.112,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Good","start":1429.269,"end":1429.429},{"text":"afternoon,","start":1429.429,"end":1429.878},{"text":"distinguished","start":1429.974,"end":1430.455},{"text":"delegates.","start":1430.455,"end":1431.112}]},{"text":"I now declare open the 1022nd meeting of the Scientific and Technical Subcommittee of the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space.","start":1432.475,"end":1440.866,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":1432.475,"end":1432.507},{"text":"now","start":1432.539,"end":1432.651},{"text":"declare","start":1432.715,"end":1433.052},{"text":"open","start":1433.18,"end":1433.469},{"text":"the","start":1433.517,"end":1433.709},{"text":"1022nd","start":1433.741,"end":1435.12},{"text":"meeting","start":1435.12,"end":1435.488},{"text":"of","start":1435.905,"end":1435.953},{"text":"the","start":1435.985,"end":1436.13},{"text":"Scientific","start":1436.05,"end":1436.644},{"text":"and","start":1436.644,"end":1436.772},{"text":"Technical","start":1436.804,"end":1437.206},{"text":"Subcommittee","start":1437.206,"end":1438.041},{"text":"of","start":1438.394,"end":1438.49},{"text":"the","start":1438.49,"end":1438.57},{"text":"Committee","start":1438.635,"end":1439.1},{"text":"on","start":1439.293,"end":1439.357},{"text":"the","start":1439.437,"end":1439.534},{"text":"Peaceful","start":1439.534,"end":1439.871},{"text":"Uses","start":1439.871,"end":1440.144},{"text":"of","start":1440.192,"end":1440.272},{"text":"Outer","start":1440.321,"end":1440.577},{"text":"Space.","start":1440.577,"end":1440.866}]},{"text":"Distinguished delegates, this afternoon we will continue our consideration of Agenda Item 3, General Exchange of Views.","start":1442.344,"end":1450.26,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Distinguished","start":1442.344,"end":1442.809},{"text":"delegates,","start":1442.809,"end":1443.5},{"text":"this","start":1444.527,"end":1444.736},{"text":"afternoon","start":1444.736,"end":1445.25},{"text":"we","start":1445.394,"end":1445.539},{"text":"will","start":1445.539,"end":1445.667},{"text":"continue","start":1445.78,"end":1446.342},{"text":"our","start":1446.422,"end":1446.599},{"text":"consideration","start":1446.663,"end":1447.402},{"text":"of","start":1447.402,"end":1447.482},{"text":"Agenda","start":1447.482,"end":1447.931},{"text":"Item","start":1447.947,"end":1448.253},{"text":"3,","start":1448.285,"end":1448.638},{"text":"General","start":1449.071,"end":1449.312},{"text":"Exchange","start":1449.312,"end":1449.794},{"text":"of","start":1449.874,"end":1449.955},{"text":"Views.","start":1449.955,"end":1450.26}]},{"text":"We will continue and hopefully conclude our consideration of Agenda Item 8, Space Weather.","start":1451.319,"end":1457.421,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":1451.319,"end":1451.448},{"text":"will","start":1451.48,"end":1451.64},{"text":"continue","start":1451.64,"end":1452.074},{"text":"and","start":1452.299,"end":1452.363},{"text":"hopefully","start":1452.443,"end":1452.861},{"text":"conclude","start":1452.861,"end":1453.471},{"text":"our","start":1453.808,"end":1453.985},{"text":"consideration","start":1454.001,"end":1454.836},{"text":"of","start":1455.012,"end":1455.125},{"text":"Agenda","start":1455.125,"end":1455.59},{"text":"Item","start":1455.59,"end":1455.912},{"text":"8,","start":1456.056,"end":1456.313},{"text":"Space","start":1456.538,"end":1456.987},{"text":"Weather.","start":1457.035,"end":1457.421}]},{"text":"We will begin our consideration of Agenda Item 9, Near-Earth objects.","start":1458.481,"end":1462.682,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":1458.481,"end":1458.625},{"text":"will","start":1458.625,"end":1458.802},{"text":"begin","start":1458.802,"end":1459.075},{"text":"our","start":1459.123,"end":1459.364},{"text":"consideration","start":1459.364,"end":1460.086},{"text":"of","start":1460.086,"end":1460.134},{"text":"Agenda","start":1460.183,"end":1460.552},{"text":"Item","start":1460.552,"end":1460.969},{"text":"9,","start":1460.969,"end":1461.258},{"text":"Near-Earth","start":1461.612,"end":1461.904},{"text":"objects.","start":1462.163,"end":1462.682}]},{"text":"Time permitting, we will begin our consideration of agenda item 10, long-term sustainability of outer space activities.","start":1464.028,"end":1471.607,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Time","start":1464.028,"end":1464.239},{"text":"permitting,","start":1464.288,"end":1464.823},{"text":"we","start":1465.326,"end":1465.423},{"text":"will","start":1465.488,"end":1465.65},{"text":"begin","start":1465.65,"end":1465.877},{"text":"our","start":1465.974,"end":1466.153},{"text":"consideration","start":1466.153,"end":1466.866},{"text":"of","start":1466.866,"end":1466.964},{"text":"agenda","start":1466.964,"end":1467.369},{"text":"item","start":1467.369,"end":1467.807},{"text":"10,","start":1467.839,"end":1468.066},{"text":"long-term","start":1468.7,"end":1469.071},{"text":"sustainability","start":1469.071,"end":1469.992},{"text":"of","start":1470.185,"end":1470.315},{"text":"outer","start":1470.492,"end":1470.67},{"text":"space","start":1470.67,"end":1471.009},{"text":"activities.","start":1471.058,"end":1471.607}]},{"text":"We will then suspend the plenary meeting so that the Working Group of the Whole can hold its 4th meeting today.","start":1472.996,"end":1478.624,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":1472.996,"end":1473.157},{"text":"will","start":1473.157,"end":1473.335},{"text":"then","start":1473.335,"end":1473.512},{"text":"suspend","start":1473.512,"end":1473.981},{"text":"the","start":1473.981,"end":1474.062},{"text":"plenary","start":1474.062,"end":1474.482},{"text":"meeting","start":1474.482,"end":1474.837},{"text":"so","start":1474.966,"end":1475.192},{"text":"that","start":1475.192,"end":1475.338},{"text":"the","start":1475.338,"end":1475.402},{"text":"Working","start":1475.434,"end":1475.757},{"text":"Group","start":1475.757,"end":1476},{"text":"of","start":1476,"end":1476.145},{"text":"the","start":1476.145,"end":1476.226},{"text":"Whole","start":1476.226,"end":1476.452},{"text":"can","start":1476.888,"end":1477.017},{"text":"hold","start":1477.033,"end":1477.26},{"text":"its","start":1477.26,"end":1477.445},{"text":"4th","start":1477.445,"end":1477.681},{"text":"meeting","start":1477.883,"end":1478.186},{"text":"today.","start":1478.304,"end":1478.624}]},{"text":"There will be 5 technical presentations this afternoon.","start":1480.702,"end":1483.354,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"There","start":1480.702,"end":1480.863},{"text":"will","start":1480.863,"end":1481.025},{"text":"be","start":1481.025,"end":1481.122},{"text":"5","start":1481.122,"end":1481.51},{"text":"technical","start":1481.51,"end":1481.931},{"text":"presentations","start":1481.931,"end":1482.626},{"text":"this","start":1482.658,"end":1482.885},{"text":"afternoon.","start":1482.885,"end":1483.354}]},{"text":"Delegates are reminded that the full schedule of technical presentations is available on the session's webpage.","start":1484.68,"end":1490.977,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Delegates","start":1484.68,"end":1485.262},{"text":"are","start":1485.31,"end":1485.407},{"text":"reminded","start":1485.407,"end":1485.973},{"text":"that","start":1485.973,"end":1486.151},{"text":"the","start":1486.2,"end":1486.297},{"text":"full","start":1486.297,"end":1486.475},{"text":"schedule","start":1486.475,"end":1487.089},{"text":"of","start":1487.089,"end":1487.154},{"text":"technical","start":1487.202,"end":1487.898},{"text":"presentations","start":1487.898,"end":1488.69},{"text":"is","start":1489.03,"end":1489.094},{"text":"available","start":1489.143,"end":1489.777},{"text":"on","start":1489.777,"end":1489.826},{"text":"the","start":1489.859,"end":1489.941},{"text":"session's","start":1489.941,"end":1490.435},{"text":"webpage.","start":1490.435,"end":1490.977}]},{"text":"Are there any questions or comments on this proposed schedule?","start":1492.504,"end":1495.101,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Are","start":1492.504,"end":1492.585},{"text":"there","start":1492.585,"end":1492.748},{"text":"any","start":1492.748,"end":1492.91},{"text":"questions","start":1492.991,"end":1493.381},{"text":"or","start":1493.397,"end":1493.446},{"text":"comments","start":1493.559,"end":1493.981},{"text":"on","start":1493.981,"end":1494.03},{"text":"this","start":1494.127,"end":1494.192},{"text":"proposed","start":1494.29,"end":1494.63},{"text":"schedule?","start":1494.63,"end":1495.101}]},{"text":"I see none.","start":1498.128,"end":1498.565,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":1498.128,"end":1498.146},{"text":"see","start":1498.146,"end":1498.328},{"text":"none.","start":1498.328,"end":1498.565}]},{"text":"Distinguished delegates, I'd now like to continue our consideration of Agenda Item 3, General Exchange of Views.","start":1501.45,"end":1508.995,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Distinguished","start":1501.45,"end":1501.71},{"text":"delegates,","start":1501.71,"end":1502.23},{"text":"I'd","start":1503.174,"end":1503.434},{"text":"now","start":1503.434,"end":1503.564},{"text":"like","start":1503.597,"end":1503.841},{"text":"to","start":1503.841,"end":1503.971},{"text":"continue","start":1503.987,"end":1504.394},{"text":"our","start":1504.394,"end":1504.573},{"text":"consideration","start":1504.573,"end":1505.305},{"text":"of","start":1505.305,"end":1505.387},{"text":"Agenda","start":1505.387,"end":1505.842},{"text":"Item","start":1505.858,"end":1506.314},{"text":"3,","start":1506.346,"end":1506.525},{"text":"General","start":1507.99,"end":1508.274},{"text":"Exchange","start":1508.274,"end":1508.61},{"text":"of","start":1508.61,"end":1508.677},{"text":"Views.","start":1508.677,"end":1508.995}]},{"text":"The first speaker on my list is the distinguished delegate of Ghana.","start":1510.95,"end":1515.376,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1510.95,"end":1511.046},{"text":"first","start":1511.046,"end":1511.224},{"text":"speaker","start":1511.224,"end":1511.693},{"text":"on","start":1511.693,"end":1511.79},{"text":"my","start":1511.79,"end":1512.016},{"text":"list","start":1512.016,"end":1512.307},{"text":"is","start":1512.5,"end":1512.646},{"text":"the","start":1512.678,"end":1512.84},{"text":"distinguished","start":1512.84,"end":1513.696},{"text":"delegate","start":1514.148,"end":1514.859},{"text":"of","start":1515.005,"end":1515.118},{"text":"Ghana.","start":1515.263,"end":1515.376}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"You have the floor.","start":1515.425,"end":1515.667,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"You","start":1515.425,"end":1515.489},{"text":"have","start":1515.489,"end":1515.538},{"text":"the","start":1515.538,"end":1515.57},{"text":"floor.","start":1515.57,"end":1515.667}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Madam Chair.","start":1516.071,"end":1517.105,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":1516.071,"end":1516.475},{"text":"you,","start":1516.475,"end":1516.556},{"text":"Madam","start":1516.588,"end":1516.992},{"text":"Chair.","start":1516.992,"end":1517.105}]},{"text":"We will continue with agenda item 8. I would like to conclude— hopefully conclude our consideration of agenda item 8, space weather.","start":1561.261,"end":1571.719,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":1561.261,"end":1561.423},{"text":"will","start":1561.423,"end":1561.584},{"text":"continue","start":1561.584,"end":1561.989},{"text":"with","start":1562.054,"end":1562.184},{"text":"agenda","start":1562.232,"end":1562.556},{"text":"item","start":1562.637,"end":1562.896},{"text":"8.","start":1563.026,"end":1563.139},{"text":"I","start":1566.928,"end":1566.944},{"text":"would","start":1566.944,"end":1567.09},{"text":"like","start":1567.09,"end":1567.252},{"text":"to","start":1567.252,"end":1567.462},{"text":"conclude—","start":1567.884,"end":1568.466},{"text":"hopefully","start":1568.466,"end":1568.774},{"text":"conclude","start":1568.774,"end":1569.098},{"text":"our","start":1569.098,"end":1569.276},{"text":"consideration","start":1569.276,"end":1569.73},{"text":"of","start":1569.73,"end":1569.844},{"text":"agenda","start":1569.844,"end":1570.154},{"text":"item","start":1570.154,"end":1570.561},{"text":"8,","start":1570.561,"end":1570.79},{"text":"space","start":1570.838,"end":1571.181},{"text":"weather.","start":1571.377,"end":1571.719}]},{"text":"The first speaker on my list is the distinguished representative of Nigeria.","start":1573.272,"end":1577.251,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1573.272,"end":1573.369},{"text":"first","start":1573.369,"end":1573.935},{"text":"speaker","start":1573.935,"end":1574.42},{"text":"on","start":1574.42,"end":1574.501},{"text":"my","start":1574.501,"end":1574.727},{"text":"list","start":1574.727,"end":1575.035},{"text":"is","start":1575.132,"end":1575.196},{"text":"the","start":1575.229,"end":1575.31},{"text":"distinguished","start":1575.374,"end":1575.86},{"text":"representative","start":1575.86,"end":1576.539},{"text":"of","start":1576.539,"end":1576.684},{"text":"Nigeria.","start":1576.684,"end":1577.251}]},{"text":"You have the floor.","start":1577.331,"end":1578.124,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"You","start":1577.331,"end":1577.461},{"text":"have","start":1577.477,"end":1577.671},{"text":"the","start":1577.671,"end":1577.8},{"text":"floor.","start":1577.8,"end":1578.124}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"COPUOS","affiliation_full":"COPUOS","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":2,"start":1581.62,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1a/k1ad4k1m9e?t=1582","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Madam Chair, distinguished delegates, my delegation is delighted to have the opportunity to make statement on this important agenda item on space weather.","start":1581.62,"end":1590.543,"topics":[{"key":"space-weather","label":"Space Weather","description":"Multiple interventions addressed monitoring and forecasting of solar and ionospheric phenomena that can affect satellites, communications, navigation, aviation, and infrastructure on Earth. The discussion also covered scientific missions, operational warning systems, and international training and capacity-building."}],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":1581.62,"end":1581.812},{"text":"Chair,","start":1581.812,"end":1581.989},{"text":"distinguished","start":1582.054,"end":1582.552},{"text":"delegates,","start":1582.552,"end":1583.05},{"text":"my","start":1584.143,"end":1584.224},{"text":"delegation","start":1584.224,"end":1584.786},{"text":"is","start":1584.786,"end":1584.834},{"text":"delighted","start":1584.867,"end":1585.333},{"text":"to","start":1585.365,"end":1585.477},{"text":"have","start":1585.494,"end":1585.638},{"text":"the","start":1585.67,"end":1585.815},{"text":"opportunity","start":1585.815,"end":1586.362},{"text":"to","start":1586.458,"end":1586.538},{"text":"make","start":1586.554,"end":1586.731},{"text":"statement","start":1586.731,"end":1587.342},{"text":"on","start":1587.84,"end":1587.889},{"text":"this","start":1587.921,"end":1588.049},{"text":"important","start":1588.146,"end":1588.628},{"text":"agenda","start":1588.628,"end":1589.03},{"text":"item","start":1589.11,"end":1589.48},{"text":"on","start":1589.769,"end":1589.818},{"text":"space","start":1589.914,"end":1590.139},{"text":"weather.","start":1590.22,"end":1590.543}]},{"text":"Madam Chair, distinguished delegates, Nigerian scientists are actively involved in space weather monitoring activities and research, as well as in membership of relevant global scientific bodies such as the Scientific Committee on Solar Terrestrial Physics, the Committee on Space, and International Union of Radio Science, etc. Nigeria is set to host an edition of the United Nations Nigeria Workshop on International Space Weather Initiative in Abuja between 6th and 10th October. 2025.","start":1591.949,"end":1625.21,"topics":[{"key":"space-weather","label":"Space Weather","description":"Multiple interventions addressed monitoring and forecasting of solar and ionospheric phenomena that can affect satellites, communications, navigation, aviation, and infrastructure on Earth. The discussion also covered scientific missions, operational warning systems, and international training and capacity-building."}],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":1591.949,"end":1592.191},{"text":"Chair,","start":1592.191,"end":1592.45},{"text":"distinguished","start":1592.514,"end":1592.983},{"text":"delegates,","start":1592.983,"end":1593.645},{"text":"Nigerian","start":1594.437,"end":1594.712},{"text":"scientists","start":1594.712,"end":1595.536},{"text":"are","start":1595.73,"end":1595.908},{"text":"actively","start":1595.908,"end":1596.28},{"text":"involved","start":1596.312,"end":1596.7},{"text":"in","start":1596.7,"end":1596.797},{"text":"space","start":1596.797,"end":1597.12},{"text":"weather","start":1597.12,"end":1597.298},{"text":"monitoring","start":1597.298,"end":1597.734},{"text":"activities","start":1597.831,"end":1598.348},{"text":"and","start":1599.123,"end":1599.284},{"text":"research,","start":1599.284,"end":1599.685},{"text":"as","start":1600.246,"end":1600.375},{"text":"well","start":1600.407,"end":1600.583},{"text":"as","start":1600.631,"end":1600.695},{"text":"in","start":1601.53,"end":1601.594},{"text":"membership","start":1601.61,"end":1602.091},{"text":"of","start":1602.091,"end":1602.22},{"text":"relevant","start":1602.236,"end":1602.653},{"text":"global","start":1602.653,"end":1602.926},{"text":"scientific","start":1602.926,"end":1603.391},{"text":"bodies","start":1603.455,"end":1603.744},{"text":"such","start":1604.353,"end":1604.546},{"text":"as","start":1604.642,"end":1604.706},{"text":"the","start":1604.738,"end":1604.819},{"text":"Scientific","start":1604.819,"end":1605.284},{"text":"Committee","start":1605.284,"end":1605.829},{"text":"on","start":1605.862,"end":1606.006},{"text":"Solar","start":1606.006,"end":1606.423},{"text":"Terrestrial","start":1606.487,"end":1607.113},{"text":"Physics,","start":1607.129,"end":1607.578},{"text":"the","start":1608.092,"end":1608.188},{"text":"Committee","start":1608.188,"end":1608.525},{"text":"on","start":1608.525,"end":1608.605},{"text":"Space,","start":1608.605,"end":1609.086},{"text":"and","start":1609.792,"end":1609.937},{"text":"International","start":1609.937,"end":1610.514},{"text":"Union","start":1610.514,"end":1610.803},{"text":"of","start":1610.931,"end":1610.996},{"text":"Radio","start":1610.996,"end":1611.316},{"text":"Science,","start":1611.316,"end":1611.91},{"text":"etc.","start":1612.664,"end":1613.322},{"text":"Nigeria","start":1613.964,"end":1614.285},{"text":"is","start":1614.285,"end":1614.333},{"text":"set","start":1614.429,"end":1614.605},{"text":"to","start":1614.605,"end":1614.686},{"text":"host","start":1614.686,"end":1615.071},{"text":"an","start":1615.071,"end":1615.119},{"text":"edition","start":1615.167,"end":1615.568},{"text":"of","start":1615.568,"end":1615.648},{"text":"the","start":1615.648,"end":1615.729},{"text":"United","start":1615.793,"end":1616.29},{"text":"Nations","start":1616.29,"end":1616.739},{"text":"Nigeria","start":1616.916,"end":1617.333},{"text":"Workshop","start":1617.333,"end":1617.798},{"text":"on","start":1618.28,"end":1618.344},{"text":"International","start":1618.456,"end":1619.034},{"text":"Space","start":1619.034,"end":1619.419},{"text":"Weather","start":1619.419,"end":1619.579},{"text":"Initiative","start":1619.659,"end":1620.269},{"text":"in","start":1620.927,"end":1621.023},{"text":"Abuja","start":1621.023,"end":1621.585},{"text":"between","start":1621.986,"end":1622.307},{"text":"6th","start":1622.307,"end":1622.996},{"text":"and","start":1623.173,"end":1623.269},{"text":"10th","start":1623.269,"end":1623.446},{"text":"October.","start":1623.51,"end":1624.055},{"text":"2025.","start":1624.392,"end":1625.21}]},{"text":"All member states are invited to attend.","start":1626.3,"end":1629.652,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"All","start":1626.3,"end":1626.396},{"text":"member","start":1626.396,"end":1626.637},{"text":"states","start":1626.637,"end":1626.974},{"text":"are","start":1627.278,"end":1627.455},{"text":"invited","start":1627.503,"end":1628.128},{"text":"to","start":1629.122,"end":1629.219},{"text":"attend.","start":1629.219,"end":1629.652}]},{"text":"My delegation greatly appreciates the United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs for granting this privilege.","start":1630.79,"end":1637.509,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"My","start":1630.79,"end":1630.886},{"text":"delegation","start":1630.95,"end":1631.496},{"text":"greatly","start":1631.608,"end":1631.896},{"text":"appreciates","start":1631.928,"end":1632.65},{"text":"the","start":1632.65,"end":1632.714},{"text":"United","start":1632.714,"end":1633.099},{"text":"Nations","start":1633.131,"end":1633.5},{"text":"Office","start":1633.548,"end":1633.805},{"text":"for","start":1633.997,"end":1634.237},{"text":"Outer","start":1634.237,"end":1634.43},{"text":"Space","start":1634.478,"end":1634.799},{"text":"Affairs","start":1634.799,"end":1635.103},{"text":"for","start":1635.28,"end":1636.001},{"text":"granting","start":1636.001,"end":1636.386},{"text":"this","start":1636.803,"end":1636.915},{"text":"privilege.","start":1637.044,"end":1637.509}]},{"text":"Furthermore, I wish to inform the delegates that Nigeria successfully hosted the 2024 edition of the Annual International Colloquium on Equatorial and Low Latitude Ionosphere.","start":1638.727,"end":1651.651,"topics":[{"key":"space-weather","label":"Space Weather","description":"Multiple interventions addressed monitoring and forecasting of solar and ionospheric phenomena that can affect satellites, communications, navigation, aviation, and infrastructure on Earth. The discussion also covered scientific missions, operational warning systems, and international training and capacity-building."}],"words":[{"text":"Furthermore,","start":1638.727,"end":1639.24},{"text":"I","start":1639.93,"end":1639.994},{"text":"wish","start":1640.01,"end":1640.154},{"text":"to","start":1640.186,"end":1640.267},{"text":"inform","start":1640.267,"end":1640.571},{"text":"the","start":1640.571,"end":1640.667},{"text":"delegates","start":1640.667,"end":1641.261},{"text":"that","start":1641.71,"end":1642.03},{"text":"Nigeria","start":1642.03,"end":1643.57},{"text":"successfully","start":1643.57,"end":1644.259},{"text":"hosted","start":1644.259,"end":1644.644},{"text":"the","start":1644.676,"end":1644.836},{"text":"2024","start":1644.836,"end":1645.718},{"text":"edition","start":1645.718,"end":1646.248},{"text":"of","start":1646.664,"end":1646.777},{"text":"the","start":1646.825,"end":1646.985},{"text":"Annual","start":1647.065,"end":1647.562},{"text":"International","start":1647.562,"end":1648.236},{"text":"Colloquium","start":1648.268,"end":1648.749},{"text":"on","start":1649.39,"end":1649.454},{"text":"Equatorial","start":1649.551,"end":1650.112},{"text":"and","start":1650.192,"end":1650.352},{"text":"Low","start":1650.352,"end":1650.513},{"text":"Latitude","start":1650.513,"end":1650.994},{"text":"Ionosphere.","start":1651.074,"end":1651.651}]},{"text":"As a hybrid event.","start":1652.614,"end":1653.819,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"As","start":1652.614,"end":1652.711},{"text":"a","start":1652.775,"end":1652.839},{"text":"hybrid","start":1652.855,"end":1653.337},{"text":"event.","start":1653.337,"end":1653.819}]},{"text":"The physical event was held at the Mountaintop University, Prayer City, Ogun State, Nigeria, and was held from 29th July to 2nd of August 2024.","start":1654.525,"end":1665.299,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1654.525,"end":1654.622},{"text":"physical","start":1654.622,"end":1655.119},{"text":"event","start":1655.119,"end":1655.553},{"text":"was","start":1655.665,"end":1655.794},{"text":"held","start":1655.89,"end":1656.195},{"text":"at","start":1656.227,"end":1656.307},{"text":"the","start":1656.307,"end":1656.388},{"text":"Mountaintop","start":1656.388,"end":1657.03},{"text":"University,","start":1657.03,"end":1657.64},{"text":"Prayer","start":1657.913,"end":1658.154},{"text":"City,","start":1658.154,"end":1658.523},{"text":"Ogun","start":1658.636,"end":1658.877},{"text":"State,","start":1658.877,"end":1659.182},{"text":"Nigeria,","start":1659.198,"end":1659.84},{"text":"and","start":1660.787,"end":1660.884},{"text":"was","start":1660.884,"end":1661.108},{"text":"held","start":1661.108,"end":1661.526},{"text":"from","start":1661.606,"end":1661.735},{"text":"29th","start":1661.767,"end":1662.746},{"text":"July","start":1662.875,"end":1663.067},{"text":"to","start":1663.517,"end":1663.597},{"text":"2nd","start":1663.597,"end":1663.934},{"text":"of","start":1663.934,"end":1664.079},{"text":"August","start":1664.079,"end":1664.416},{"text":"2024.","start":1664.416,"end":1665.299}]},{"text":"A total of 74 participants from 19 countries participated.","start":1666.68,"end":1670.887,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"A","start":1666.68,"end":1666.696},{"text":"total","start":1666.76,"end":1667.065},{"text":"of","start":1667.065,"end":1667.146},{"text":"74","start":1667.146,"end":1667.868},{"text":"participants","start":1667.868,"end":1668.687},{"text":"from","start":1668.751,"end":1668.96},{"text":"19","start":1668.992,"end":1669.538},{"text":"countries","start":1669.699,"end":1670.084},{"text":"participated.","start":1670.196,"end":1670.887}]},{"text":"The colloquium featured 29 papers and 2 special half-day scientific sessions on the International Meridian Cycle Program, an AFROTECH model.","start":1671.786,"end":1681.36,"topics":[{"key":"space-weather","label":"Space Weather","description":"Multiple interventions addressed monitoring and forecasting of solar and ionospheric phenomena that can affect satellites, communications, navigation, aviation, and infrastructure on Earth. The discussion also covered scientific missions, operational warning systems, and international training and capacity-building."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1671.786,"end":1671.866},{"text":"colloquium","start":1671.866,"end":1672.541},{"text":"featured","start":1672.685,"end":1673.087},{"text":"29","start":1673.087,"end":1673.697},{"text":"papers","start":1673.793,"end":1674.098},{"text":"and","start":1674.837,"end":1674.997},{"text":"2","start":1674.997,"end":1675.11},{"text":"special","start":1675.11,"end":1675.575},{"text":"half-day","start":1675.575,"end":1675.977},{"text":"scientific","start":1675.977,"end":1676.362},{"text":"sessions","start":1676.362,"end":1676.828},{"text":"on","start":1677.342,"end":1677.455},{"text":"the","start":1677.504,"end":1677.585},{"text":"International","start":1677.585,"end":1678.233},{"text":"Meridian","start":1678.233,"end":1678.654},{"text":"Cycle","start":1678.654,"end":1679.043},{"text":"Program,","start":1679.043,"end":1679.578},{"text":"an","start":1680.323,"end":1680.469},{"text":"AFROTECH","start":1680.485,"end":1680.971},{"text":"model.","start":1680.971,"end":1681.36}]},{"text":"The colloquium bordered on the dynamics of equatorial and low-latitude ionosphere, as well as space weather, and served as an effective meeting point for scientists, policymakers, students, and designers of space-dependent technologies.","start":1682.527,"end":1697.242,"topics":[{"key":"space-weather","label":"Space Weather","description":"Multiple interventions addressed monitoring and forecasting of solar and ionospheric phenomena that can affect satellites, communications, navigation, aviation, and infrastructure on Earth. The discussion also covered scientific missions, operational warning systems, and international training and capacity-building."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1682.527,"end":1682.608},{"text":"colloquium","start":1682.608,"end":1683.077},{"text":"bordered","start":1683.094,"end":1683.466},{"text":"on","start":1683.596,"end":1683.677},{"text":"the","start":1683.725,"end":1683.823},{"text":"dynamics","start":1683.823,"end":1684.39},{"text":"of","start":1684.455,"end":1684.568},{"text":"equatorial","start":1684.568,"end":1685.216},{"text":"and","start":1685.216,"end":1685.33},{"text":"low-latitude","start":1685.33,"end":1685.893},{"text":"ionosphere,","start":1685.989,"end":1686.569},{"text":"as","start":1687.116,"end":1687.18},{"text":"well","start":1687.277,"end":1687.389},{"text":"as","start":1687.438,"end":1687.502},{"text":"space","start":1687.55,"end":1687.872},{"text":"weather,","start":1688.001,"end":1688.339},{"text":"and","start":1688.741,"end":1688.806},{"text":"served","start":1688.822,"end":1689.224},{"text":"as","start":1689.224,"end":1689.272},{"text":"an","start":1689.321,"end":1689.401},{"text":"effective","start":1689.449,"end":1689.948},{"text":"meeting","start":1689.948,"end":1690.238},{"text":"point","start":1690.27,"end":1690.753},{"text":"for","start":1691.252,"end":1691.413},{"text":"scientists,","start":1691.413,"end":1692.072},{"text":"policymakers,","start":1692.67,"end":1693.316},{"text":"students,","start":1693.849,"end":1694.269},{"text":"and","start":1694.802,"end":1694.883},{"text":"designers","start":1694.883,"end":1695.416},{"text":"of","start":1695.691,"end":1695.772},{"text":"space-dependent","start":1695.772,"end":1696.66},{"text":"technologies.","start":1696.66,"end":1697.242}]},{"text":"Madam Chair, distinguished delegates, the colloquium was co-organized by the Mountaintop University, the African Regional Center for Space Science and Technology Education in English, the National Space Research and Development Agency, the Network of Space Earth Environmentalists, the Scientific Committee on Solar Terrestrial Physics, Boston College, United States of America, the United Nations International Space Weather Initiative, the Institute for Space Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Japan, the JSPS program, and the African Geophysical Society.","start":1698.945,"end":1736.078,"topics":[{"key":"space-weather","label":"Space Weather","description":"Multiple interventions addressed monitoring and forecasting of solar and ionospheric phenomena that can affect satellites, communications, navigation, aviation, and infrastructure on Earth. The discussion also covered scientific missions, operational warning systems, and international training and capacity-building."}],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":1698.945,"end":1699.271},{"text":"Chair,","start":1699.271,"end":1699.581},{"text":"distinguished","start":1699.597,"end":1700.07},{"text":"delegates,","start":1700.07,"end":1700.672},{"text":"the","start":1701.21,"end":1701.308},{"text":"colloquium","start":1701.308,"end":1701.927},{"text":"was","start":1702.286,"end":1702.416},{"text":"co-organized","start":1702.514,"end":1703.215},{"text":"by","start":1703.372,"end":1703.532},{"text":"the","start":1703.532,"end":1703.596},{"text":"Mountaintop","start":1703.596,"end":1704.189},{"text":"University,","start":1704.189,"end":1704.734},{"text":"the","start":1705.6,"end":1705.68},{"text":"African","start":1705.76,"end":1706.145},{"text":"Regional","start":1706.177,"end":1706.514},{"text":"Center","start":1706.514,"end":1706.898},{"text":"for","start":1706.898,"end":1707.075},{"text":"Space","start":1707.075,"end":1707.46},{"text":"Science","start":1707.46,"end":1707.924},{"text":"and","start":1707.924,"end":1708.021},{"text":"Technology","start":1708.021,"end":1708.486},{"text":"Education","start":1708.502,"end":1709.047},{"text":"in","start":1709.047,"end":1709.111},{"text":"English,","start":1709.207,"end":1709.56},{"text":"the","start":1710.489,"end":1710.586},{"text":"National","start":1710.586,"end":1710.938},{"text":"Space","start":1710.938,"end":1711.307},{"text":"Research","start":1711.307,"end":1711.756},{"text":"and","start":1711.852,"end":1711.948},{"text":"Development","start":1711.948,"end":1712.573},{"text":"Agency,","start":1712.573,"end":1712.99},{"text":"the","start":1713.712,"end":1713.872},{"text":"Network","start":1713.872,"end":1714.337},{"text":"of","start":1714.337,"end":1714.385},{"text":"Space","start":1714.417,"end":1714.866},{"text":"Earth","start":1714.914,"end":1715.042},{"text":"Environmentalists,","start":1715.218,"end":1716.276},{"text":"the","start":1716.597,"end":1716.693},{"text":"Scientific","start":1716.693,"end":1717.238},{"text":"Committee","start":1717.238,"end":1717.687},{"text":"on","start":1717.783,"end":1717.831},{"text":"Solar","start":1717.879,"end":1718.12},{"text":"Terrestrial","start":1718.184,"end":1718.761},{"text":"Physics,","start":1718.761,"end":1719.114},{"text":"Boston","start":1719.803,"end":1720.172},{"text":"College,","start":1720.204,"end":1720.573},{"text":"United","start":1720.605,"end":1721.005},{"text":"States","start":1721.005,"end":1721.31},{"text":"of","start":1721.326,"end":1721.422},{"text":"America,","start":1721.422,"end":1721.983},{"text":"the","start":1722.769,"end":1722.849},{"text":"United","start":1722.849,"end":1723.33},{"text":"Nations","start":1723.33,"end":1723.699},{"text":"International","start":1723.747,"end":1724.709},{"text":"Space","start":1724.709,"end":1725.157},{"text":"Weather","start":1725.157,"end":1725.414},{"text":"Initiative,","start":1725.414,"end":1725.927},{"text":"the","start":1726.536,"end":1726.68},{"text":"Institute","start":1726.76,"end":1727.161},{"text":"for","start":1727.161,"end":1727.354},{"text":"Space","start":1727.354,"end":1727.835},{"text":"Earth","start":1727.883,"end":1728.027},{"text":"Environmental","start":1728.059,"end":1728.748},{"text":"Research,","start":1728.78,"end":1729.149},{"text":"Nagoya","start":1729.86,"end":1730.184},{"text":"University,","start":1730.184,"end":1730.751},{"text":"Japan,","start":1730.832,"end":1731.301},{"text":"the","start":1731.739,"end":1731.9},{"text":"JSPS","start":1731.9,"end":1733.018},{"text":"program,","start":1733.018,"end":1733.552},{"text":"and","start":1734.005,"end":1734.151},{"text":"the","start":1734.151,"end":1734.232},{"text":"African","start":1734.313,"end":1734.653},{"text":"Geophysical","start":1734.653,"end":1735.349},{"text":"Society.","start":1735.479,"end":1736.078}]},{"text":"Madam Chair, distinguished delegates, I thank you for your kind attention.","start":1737.142,"end":1740.365,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":1737.142,"end":1737.271},{"text":"Chair,","start":1737.336,"end":1737.433},{"text":"distinguished","start":1737.45,"end":1737.806},{"text":"delegates,","start":1737.806,"end":1738.276},{"text":"I","start":1738.583,"end":1738.68},{"text":"thank","start":1738.68,"end":1738.923},{"text":"you","start":1738.923,"end":1739.134},{"text":"for","start":1739.474,"end":1739.571},{"text":"your","start":1739.571,"end":1739.717},{"text":"kind","start":1739.717,"end":1739.911},{"text":"attention.","start":1739.911,"end":1740.365}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"NGA","affiliation_full":"Nigeria","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":3,"start":1742.406,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1a/k1ad4k1m9e?t=1743","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of Nigeria for the statement.","start":1742.406,"end":1745.574,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":1742.406,"end":1742.422},{"text":"thank","start":1742.422,"end":1742.648},{"text":"the","start":1742.648,"end":1742.729},{"text":"distinguished","start":1742.745,"end":1743.23},{"text":"representative","start":1743.23,"end":1743.844},{"text":"of","start":1743.861,"end":1744.006},{"text":"Nigeria","start":1744.103,"end":1744.604},{"text":"for","start":1744.604,"end":1744.782},{"text":"the","start":1744.831,"end":1744.863},{"text":"statement.","start":1744.863,"end":1745.574}]},{"text":"We have concluded our consideration of Agenda Item 8, Space Weather.","start":1746.221,"end":1750.198,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":1746.221,"end":1746.367},{"text":"have","start":1746.367,"end":1746.544},{"text":"concluded","start":1746.544,"end":1747.11},{"text":"our","start":1747.11,"end":1747.353},{"text":"consideration","start":1747.353,"end":1748.08},{"text":"of","start":1748.08,"end":1748.161},{"text":"Agenda","start":1748.161,"end":1748.565},{"text":"Item","start":1748.565,"end":1748.969},{"text":"8,","start":1748.969,"end":1749.293},{"text":"Space","start":1749.309,"end":1749.794},{"text":"Weather.","start":1749.842,"end":1750.198}]},{"text":"Distinguished delegates, I would now like to begin our consideration of Agenda Item 9, Near-Earth Objects.","start":1752.09,"end":1758.713,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Distinguished","start":1752.09,"end":1752.353},{"text":"delegates,","start":1752.353,"end":1752.897},{"text":"I","start":1753.343,"end":1753.359},{"text":"would","start":1753.359,"end":1753.524},{"text":"now","start":1753.524,"end":1753.606},{"text":"like","start":1753.755,"end":1753.903},{"text":"to","start":1753.936,"end":1754.052},{"text":"begin","start":1754.085,"end":1754.48},{"text":"our","start":1754.662,"end":1754.744},{"text":"consideration","start":1754.843,"end":1755.47},{"text":"of","start":1755.972,"end":1756.068},{"text":"Agenda","start":1756.068,"end":1756.421},{"text":"Item","start":1756.437,"end":1756.902},{"text":"9,","start":1756.918,"end":1757.142},{"text":"Near-Earth","start":1757.495,"end":1757.944},{"text":"Objects.","start":1758.2,"end":1758.713}]},{"text":"As we practice, I would like to invite the International Asteroid Warning Network Group, IAWN, and the Space Mission Planning Advisory Group, SMPAG, to provide the status report to the subcommittee.","start":1759.899,"end":1771.44,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"As","start":1759.899,"end":1759.995},{"text":"we","start":1760.043,"end":1760.38},{"text":"practice,","start":1760.62,"end":1761.053},{"text":"I","start":1761.245,"end":1761.261},{"text":"would","start":1761.261,"end":1761.374},{"text":"like","start":1761.422,"end":1761.598},{"text":"to","start":1761.662,"end":1761.742},{"text":"invite","start":1761.742,"end":1762.303},{"text":"the","start":1762.303,"end":1762.383},{"text":"International","start":1762.383,"end":1763.089},{"text":"Asteroid","start":1763.089,"end":1763.554},{"text":"Warning","start":1763.586,"end":1763.858},{"text":"Network","start":1763.906,"end":1764.371},{"text":"Group,","start":1764.371,"end":1764.692},{"text":"IAWN,","start":1764.772,"end":1765.156},{"text":"and","start":1765.653,"end":1765.733},{"text":"the","start":1765.749,"end":1765.83},{"text":"Space","start":1765.83,"end":1766.246},{"text":"Mission","start":1766.246,"end":1766.551},{"text":"Planning","start":1766.615,"end":1766.92},{"text":"Advisory","start":1767.096,"end":1767.721},{"text":"Group,","start":1767.737,"end":1768.074},{"text":"SMPAG,","start":1768.122,"end":1768.859},{"text":"to","start":1768.875,"end":1769.019},{"text":"provide","start":1769.019,"end":1769.5},{"text":"the","start":1769.5,"end":1769.532},{"text":"status","start":1769.532,"end":1769.933},{"text":"report","start":1769.981,"end":1770.382},{"text":"to","start":1770.382,"end":1770.446},{"text":"the","start":1770.478,"end":1770.558},{"text":"subcommittee.","start":1770.558,"end":1771.44}]},{"text":"I'd like to give the floor to the member of the International Asteroid Warning Network, Mr. Alan Harris.","start":1772.465,"end":1778.957,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I'd","start":1772.465,"end":1772.546},{"text":"like","start":1772.562,"end":1772.786},{"text":"to","start":1772.786,"end":1772.93},{"text":"give","start":1772.946,"end":1773.123},{"text":"the","start":1773.123,"end":1773.203},{"text":"floor","start":1773.203,"end":1773.475},{"text":"to","start":1774.341,"end":1774.453},{"text":"the","start":1774.469,"end":1774.549},{"text":"member","start":1774.549,"end":1774.998},{"text":"of","start":1775.11,"end":1775.27},{"text":"the","start":1775.27,"end":1775.302},{"text":"International","start":1775.302,"end":1775.928},{"text":"Asteroid","start":1775.928,"end":1776.392},{"text":"Warning","start":1776.392,"end":1776.649},{"text":"Network,","start":1776.713,"end":1777.354},{"text":"Mr.","start":1777.931,"end":1778.236},{"text":"Alan","start":1778.316,"end":1778.46},{"text":"Harris.","start":1778.556,"end":1778.957}]},{"text":"You have the floor.","start":1779.053,"end":1779.871,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"You","start":1779.053,"end":1779.197},{"text":"have","start":1779.197,"end":1779.342},{"text":"the","start":1779.374,"end":1779.438},{"text":"floor.","start":1779.438,"end":1779.871}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"COPUOS","affiliation_full":"COPUOS","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":4,"start":1781.121,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1a/k1ad4k1m9e?t=1782","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Madam Chair, for the opportunity to address the subcommittee on behalf of the International Asteroid Warning Network, known as IAWN, as a member of its steering committee.","start":1781.121,"end":1793.159,"topics":[{"key":"planetary-defense-cooperation","label":"Planetary Defense Cooperation","description":"Many speakers stressed that asteroid threats require coordinated international action through mechanisms such as IAWN, SMPAG, UNOOSA, and joint exercises. The discussion focused on sharing observations, aligning response procedures, and building common preparedness against impact risks."}],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":1781.121,"end":1781.377},{"text":"you,","start":1781.602,"end":1781.762},{"text":"Madam","start":1781.842,"end":1782.099},{"text":"Chair,","start":1782.115,"end":1782.355},{"text":"for","start":1782.419,"end":1782.644},{"text":"the","start":1782.644,"end":1782.82},{"text":"opportunity","start":1782.82,"end":1783.429},{"text":"to","start":1783.75,"end":1783.926},{"text":"address","start":1783.926,"end":1784.343},{"text":"the","start":1784.343,"end":1784.375},{"text":"subcommittee","start":1784.423,"end":1785.256},{"text":"on","start":1785.689,"end":1785.753},{"text":"behalf","start":1785.785,"end":1786.186},{"text":"of","start":1786.186,"end":1786.33},{"text":"the","start":1786.33,"end":1786.426},{"text":"International","start":1786.426,"end":1787.196},{"text":"Asteroid","start":1787.613,"end":1788.174},{"text":"Warning","start":1788.174,"end":1788.478},{"text":"Network,","start":1788.51,"end":1789.103},{"text":"known","start":1789.472,"end":1789.777},{"text":"as","start":1789.777,"end":1789.841},{"text":"IAWN,","start":1790.097,"end":1790.562},{"text":"as","start":1791.299,"end":1791.476},{"text":"a","start":1791.476,"end":1791.492},{"text":"member","start":1791.492,"end":1791.973},{"text":"of","start":1792.021,"end":1792.181},{"text":"its","start":1792.181,"end":1792.357},{"text":"steering","start":1792.357,"end":1792.758},{"text":"committee.","start":1792.758,"end":1793.159}]},{"text":"Distinguished delegates, IAWN applauds the declaration of 2029 as the International Year of Asteroid Awareness and Planetary Defense.","start":1794.281,"end":1804.011,"topics":[{"key":"asteroid-awareness","label":"Asteroid Awareness","description":"Delegations repeatedly welcomed the designation of 2029 as the International Year of Asteroid Awareness and Planetary Defense. This topic centered on public education, outreach, scientific engagement, and using the close approach of Apophis to raise global awareness."}],"words":[{"text":"Distinguished","start":1794.281,"end":1794.858},{"text":"delegates,","start":1794.858,"end":1795.435},{"text":"IAWN","start":1796.188,"end":1796.653},{"text":"applauds","start":1796.766,"end":1797.246},{"text":"the","start":1797.327,"end":1797.407},{"text":"declaration","start":1797.423,"end":1798.144},{"text":"of","start":1798.144,"end":1798.256},{"text":"2029","start":1798.304,"end":1799.458},{"text":"as","start":1799.875,"end":1799.939},{"text":"the","start":1800.036,"end":1800.196},{"text":"International","start":1800.196,"end":1800.869},{"text":"Year","start":1800.917,"end":1801.19},{"text":"of","start":1801.478,"end":1801.622},{"text":"Asteroid","start":1801.719,"end":1802.232},{"text":"Awareness","start":1802.232,"end":1802.729},{"text":"and","start":1803.001,"end":1803.161},{"text":"Planetary","start":1803.161,"end":1803.562},{"text":"Defense.","start":1803.578,"end":1804.011}]},{"text":"There are now 61 official signatories to the IAWN Statement of Intent, representing independent astronomers, observatories, and space institutions from 28 countries.","start":1804.86,"end":1818.989,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"There","start":1804.86,"end":1805.085},{"text":"are","start":1805.085,"end":1805.117},{"text":"now","start":1805.117,"end":1805.293},{"text":"61","start":1805.518,"end":1806.72},{"text":"official","start":1806.864,"end":1807.345},{"text":"signatories","start":1807.345,"end":1808.114},{"text":"to","start":1808.708,"end":1808.852},{"text":"the","start":1808.852,"end":1809.06},{"text":"IAWN","start":1809.092,"end":1809.461},{"text":"Statement","start":1809.509,"end":1810.006},{"text":"of","start":1810.006,"end":1810.086},{"text":"Intent,","start":1810.086,"end":1810.743},{"text":"representing","start":1811.246,"end":1812.104},{"text":"independent","start":1812.526,"end":1813.352},{"text":"astronomers,","start":1813.352,"end":1813.886},{"text":"observatories,","start":1814.34,"end":1815.101},{"text":"and","start":1815.7,"end":1815.83},{"text":"space","start":1815.862,"end":1816.3},{"text":"institutions","start":1816.494,"end":1817.288},{"text":"from","start":1817.385,"end":1817.563},{"text":"28","start":1817.628,"end":1818.535},{"text":"countries.","start":1818.535,"end":1818.989}]},{"text":"The steering committee of Iwan has held review meetings about twice each year, most recently on the 4th of February of this year.","start":1819.831,"end":1828.648,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1819.831,"end":1819.88},{"text":"steering","start":1819.88,"end":1820.283},{"text":"committee","start":1820.299,"end":1820.687},{"text":"of","start":1820.719,"end":1820.865},{"text":"Iwan","start":1820.865,"end":1821.317},{"text":"has","start":1821.43,"end":1821.495},{"text":"held","start":1821.608,"end":1821.947},{"text":"review","start":1821.947,"end":1822.27},{"text":"meetings","start":1822.334,"end":1822.867},{"text":"about","start":1823.368,"end":1823.578},{"text":"twice","start":1823.788,"end":1824.143},{"text":"each","start":1824.434,"end":1824.66},{"text":"year,","start":1824.66,"end":1824.854},{"text":"most","start":1825.177,"end":1825.548},{"text":"recently","start":1825.548,"end":1826.178},{"text":"on","start":1826.76,"end":1826.824},{"text":"the","start":1826.857,"end":1826.937},{"text":"4th","start":1826.937,"end":1827.309},{"text":"of","start":1827.357,"end":1827.422},{"text":"February","start":1827.422,"end":1827.874},{"text":"of","start":1828.133,"end":1828.213},{"text":"this","start":1828.294,"end":1828.44},{"text":"year.","start":1828.44,"end":1828.648}]},{"text":"The current Iwan collaboration brings to bear a variety of ground-based and space-based telescopic assets to discover, track, and characterize near-Earth objects known as NEOs, as well as abilities in orbit computation, potential impact predictions, and modeling of potential impact effects.","start":1830.159,"end":1855.721,"topics":[{"key":"neo-monitoring","label":"NEO Monitoring and Early Warning","description":"A major theme was the detection, tracking, characterization, and risk assessment of near-Earth objects using ground-based and space-based systems. Several statements highlighted early warning thresholds, impact probability updates, and the recent case of asteroid 2024 YR4."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1830.159,"end":1830.304},{"text":"current","start":1830.304,"end":1830.802},{"text":"Iwan","start":1830.866,"end":1831.332},{"text":"collaboration","start":1831.509,"end":1832.297},{"text":"brings","start":1832.891,"end":1833.261},{"text":"to","start":1833.358,"end":1833.534},{"text":"bear","start":1833.534,"end":1833.872},{"text":"a","start":1834.258,"end":1834.274},{"text":"variety","start":1834.274,"end":1834.949},{"text":"of","start":1834.965,"end":1835.109},{"text":"ground-based","start":1835.142,"end":1836.042},{"text":"and","start":1836.09,"end":1836.283},{"text":"space-based","start":1836.283,"end":1837.665},{"text":"telescopic","start":1837.51,"end":1838.329},{"text":"assets","start":1838.409,"end":1838.842},{"text":"to","start":1839.469,"end":1839.613},{"text":"discover,","start":1839.613,"end":1840.111},{"text":"track,","start":1840.577,"end":1840.946},{"text":"and","start":1841.541,"end":1841.637},{"text":"characterize","start":1841.717,"end":1842.568},{"text":"near-Earth","start":1843.066,"end":1843.371},{"text":"objects","start":1843.548,"end":1844.158},{"text":"known","start":1844.447,"end":1844.704},{"text":"as","start":1844.704,"end":1844.817},{"text":"NEOs,","start":1844.929,"end":1845.572},{"text":"as","start":1846.375,"end":1846.503},{"text":"well","start":1846.599,"end":1846.728},{"text":"as","start":1847.001,"end":1847.178},{"text":"abilities","start":1847.178,"end":1847.788},{"text":"in","start":1848.045,"end":1848.189},{"text":"orbit","start":1848.286,"end":1848.607},{"text":"computation,","start":1848.607,"end":1849.474},{"text":"potential","start":1849.988,"end":1850.518},{"text":"impact","start":1850.791,"end":1851.305},{"text":"predictions,","start":1851.337,"end":1851.963},{"text":"and","start":1852.542,"end":1852.799},{"text":"modeling","start":1852.799,"end":1853.328},{"text":"of","start":1853.666,"end":1853.778},{"text":"potential","start":1853.842,"end":1854.581},{"text":"impact","start":1854.581,"end":1855.047},{"text":"effects.","start":1855.047,"end":1855.721}]},{"text":"I1 also contributed to a hypothetical scenario exercise that the Space Mission Planning Advisory Group, same page is holding in preparation for the International Academy of Astronautics Planetary Defense Conference to be held in South Africa in May of this year.","start":1856.958,"end":1878.023,"topics":[{"key":"planetary-defense-cooperation","label":"Planetary Defense Cooperation","description":"Many speakers stressed that asteroid threats require coordinated international action through mechanisms such as IAWN, SMPAG, UNOOSA, and joint exercises. The discussion focused on sharing observations, aligning response procedures, and building common preparedness against impact risks."}],"words":[{"text":"I1","start":1856.958,"end":1857.167},{"text":"also","start":1857.295,"end":1857.697},{"text":"contributed","start":1857.761,"end":1858.58},{"text":"to","start":1858.58,"end":1858.709},{"text":"a","start":1858.741,"end":1858.805},{"text":"hypothetical","start":1858.805,"end":1859.736},{"text":"scenario","start":1859.785,"end":1860.555},{"text":"exercise","start":1860.652,"end":1861.326},{"text":"that","start":1861.792,"end":1862.017},{"text":"the","start":1862.017,"end":1862.049},{"text":"Space","start":1862.049,"end":1862.515},{"text":"Mission","start":1862.515,"end":1862.788},{"text":"Planning","start":1862.9,"end":1863.221},{"text":"Advisory","start":1863.221,"end":1863.848},{"text":"Group,","start":1863.88,"end":1864.281},{"text":"same","start":1864.346,"end":1864.699},{"text":"page","start":1864.763,"end":1865.18},{"text":"is","start":1865.71,"end":1865.774},{"text":"holding","start":1865.871,"end":1866.32},{"text":"in","start":1866.513,"end":1866.561},{"text":"preparation","start":1866.689,"end":1867.62},{"text":"for","start":1867.893,"end":1868.134},{"text":"the","start":1868.134,"end":1868.359},{"text":"International","start":1868.439,"end":1869.29},{"text":"Academy","start":1869.498,"end":1870.108},{"text":"of","start":1870.606,"end":1870.719},{"text":"Astronautics","start":1870.847,"end":1871.858},{"text":"Planetary","start":1871.906,"end":1872.452},{"text":"Defense","start":1872.452,"end":1872.902},{"text":"Conference","start":1873.03,"end":1873.544},{"text":"to","start":1874.234,"end":1874.379},{"text":"be","start":1874.379,"end":1874.539},{"text":"held","start":1874.539,"end":1875.037},{"text":"in","start":1875.037,"end":1875.181},{"text":"South","start":1875.181,"end":1875.566},{"text":"Africa","start":1875.743,"end":1876.321},{"text":"in","start":1876.786,"end":1876.851},{"text":"May","start":1876.963,"end":1877.156},{"text":"of","start":1877.429,"end":1877.573},{"text":"this","start":1877.589,"end":1877.701},{"text":"year.","start":1877.766,"end":1878.023}]},{"text":"Distinguished delegates, the capabilities of IWAN were critically demonstrated on the 29th of January 2025 when IWAN sent official notification to the United Nations Office of Outer Space Affairs for dissemination to member states of a recently discovered potential future asteroid impact threat predicted for the 22nd of December, 2032.","start":1879.275,"end":1908.021,"topics":[{"key":"planetary-defense-cooperation","label":"Planetary Defense Cooperation","description":"Many speakers stressed that asteroid threats require coordinated international action through mechanisms such as IAWN, SMPAG, UNOOSA, and joint exercises. The discussion focused on sharing observations, aligning response procedures, and building common preparedness against impact risks."},{"key":"neo-monitoring","label":"NEO Monitoring and Early Warning","description":"A major theme was the detection, tracking, characterization, and risk assessment of near-Earth objects using ground-based and space-based systems. Several statements highlighted early warning thresholds, impact probability updates, and the recent case of asteroid 2024 YR4."}],"words":[{"text":"Distinguished","start":1879.275,"end":1879.836},{"text":"delegates,","start":1879.836,"end":1880.286},{"text":"the","start":1880.896,"end":1880.976},{"text":"capabilities","start":1880.976,"end":1881.747},{"text":"of","start":1881.843,"end":1881.939},{"text":"IWAN","start":1881.939,"end":1882.373},{"text":"were","start":1882.501,"end":1882.533},{"text":"critically","start":1882.646,"end":1883.224},{"text":"demonstrated","start":1883.304,"end":1884.299},{"text":"on","start":1884.652,"end":1884.749},{"text":"the","start":1884.749,"end":1884.909},{"text":"29th","start":1884.909,"end":1885.696},{"text":"of","start":1885.696,"end":1885.792},{"text":"January","start":1885.792,"end":1886.402},{"text":"2025","start":1886.579,"end":1887.815},{"text":"when","start":1888.344,"end":1888.409},{"text":"IWAN","start":1888.521,"end":1889.115},{"text":"sent","start":1889.179,"end":1889.581},{"text":"official","start":1889.581,"end":1890.078},{"text":"notification","start":1890.11,"end":1891.057},{"text":"to","start":1891.234,"end":1891.33},{"text":"the","start":1891.33,"end":1891.394},{"text":"United","start":1891.394,"end":1892.037},{"text":"Nations","start":1892.037,"end":1892.422},{"text":"Office","start":1892.679,"end":1892.903},{"text":"of","start":1893.16,"end":1893.305},{"text":"Outer","start":1893.401,"end":1893.642},{"text":"Space","start":1893.642,"end":1893.947},{"text":"Affairs","start":1894.059,"end":1894.428},{"text":"for","start":1895.022,"end":1895.182},{"text":"dissemination","start":1895.182,"end":1896.064},{"text":"to","start":1896.064,"end":1896.208},{"text":"member","start":1896.208,"end":1896.529},{"text":"states","start":1896.529,"end":1896.977},{"text":"of","start":1897.651,"end":1897.747},{"text":"a","start":1897.747,"end":1897.923},{"text":"recently","start":1897.971,"end":1898.548},{"text":"discovered","start":1898.548,"end":1899.446},{"text":"potential","start":1899.67,"end":1900.472},{"text":"future","start":1900.472,"end":1901.113},{"text":"asteroid","start":1901.273,"end":1902.026},{"text":"impact","start":1902.074,"end":1902.555},{"text":"threat","start":1902.555,"end":1903.052},{"text":"predicted","start":1903.357,"end":1904.11},{"text":"for","start":1904.238,"end":1904.559},{"text":"the","start":1904.559,"end":1904.639},{"text":"22nd","start":1904.719,"end":1905.617},{"text":"of","start":1905.617,"end":1905.681},{"text":"December,","start":1905.681,"end":1906.258},{"text":"2032.","start":1906.787,"end":1908.021}]},{"text":"The asteroid designated 2024 YR4 was first reported on the 27th of December, 2024.","start":1909.367,"end":1918.68,"topics":[{"key":"neo-monitoring","label":"NEO Monitoring and Early Warning","description":"A major theme was the detection, tracking, characterization, and risk assessment of near-Earth objects using ground-based and space-based systems. Several statements highlighted early warning thresholds, impact probability updates, and the recent case of asteroid 2024 YR4."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1909.367,"end":1909.512},{"text":"asteroid","start":1909.528,"end":1910.473},{"text":"designated","start":1910.473,"end":1911.451},{"text":"2024","start":1911.451,"end":1912.669},{"text":"YR4","start":1913.679,"end":1913.871},{"text":"was","start":1914.561,"end":1914.673},{"text":"first","start":1914.801,"end":1915.138},{"text":"reported","start":1915.138,"end":1915.843},{"text":"on","start":1915.843,"end":1915.891},{"text":"the","start":1915.923,"end":1916.019},{"text":"27th","start":1916.019,"end":1916.708},{"text":"of","start":1916.756,"end":1916.885},{"text":"December,","start":1916.885,"end":1917.478},{"text":"2024.","start":1917.574,"end":1918.68}]},{"text":"The worldwide network of observatories of the Iwan continued to submit follow-up observations to the Minor Planet Center, and the impact probability was independently calculated by the NASA JPL Center for Near-Earth Object Studies, the ESA Near-Earth Objects Coordination Center, and the NEODynamics site.","start":1919.449,"end":1942.768,"topics":[{"key":"neo-monitoring","label":"NEO Monitoring and Early Warning","description":"A major theme was the detection, tracking, characterization, and risk assessment of near-Earth objects using ground-based and space-based systems. Several statements highlighted early warning thresholds, impact probability updates, and the recent case of asteroid 2024 YR4."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1919.449,"end":1919.513},{"text":"worldwide","start":1919.545,"end":1920.074},{"text":"network","start":1920.122,"end":1920.683},{"text":"of","start":1920.683,"end":1920.763},{"text":"observatories","start":1920.763,"end":1921.597},{"text":"of","start":1921.869,"end":1921.966},{"text":"the","start":1921.966,"end":1922.174},{"text":"Iwan","start":1922.174,"end":1922.703},{"text":"continued","start":1923.136,"end":1923.841},{"text":"to","start":1923.874,"end":1923.97},{"text":"submit","start":1924.018,"end":1924.435},{"text":"follow-up","start":1924.435,"end":1925.044},{"text":"observations","start":1925.06,"end":1925.846},{"text":"to","start":1925.943,"end":1926.039},{"text":"the","start":1926.039,"end":1926.183},{"text":"Minor","start":1926.183,"end":1926.44},{"text":"Planet","start":1926.52,"end":1926.841},{"text":"Center,","start":1926.841,"end":1927.45},{"text":"and","start":1927.947,"end":1928.044},{"text":"the","start":1928.044,"end":1928.14},{"text":"impact","start":1928.188,"end":1928.525},{"text":"probability","start":1928.589,"end":1929.215},{"text":"was","start":1929.311,"end":1929.471},{"text":"independently","start":1929.583,"end":1930.369},{"text":"calculated","start":1930.369,"end":1931.284},{"text":"by","start":1931.572,"end":1931.829},{"text":"the","start":1931.877,"end":1931.973},{"text":"NASA","start":1931.973,"end":1932.406},{"text":"JPL","start":1932.695,"end":1933.305},{"text":"Center","start":1933.417,"end":1933.994},{"text":"for","start":1933.994,"end":1934.235},{"text":"Near-Earth","start":1934.235,"end":1934.668},{"text":"Object","start":1934.764,"end":1935.149},{"text":"Studies,","start":1935.165,"end":1935.63},{"text":"the","start":1936.208,"end":1936.416},{"text":"ESA","start":1936.528,"end":1936.977},{"text":"Near-Earth","start":1937.122,"end":1937.635},{"text":"Objects","start":1937.892,"end":1938.389},{"text":"Coordination","start":1938.453,"end":1939.191},{"text":"Center,","start":1939.207,"end":1939.832},{"text":"and","start":1940.378,"end":1940.554},{"text":"the","start":1940.554,"end":1940.747},{"text":"NEODynamics","start":1940.859,"end":1942.11},{"text":"site.","start":1942.302,"end":1942.768}]},{"text":"Once the 3 orbit computation centers were in agreement that the 1% impact probability threshold had been crossed, The Iwan Steering Committee began to coordinate the official notification of a 1.3% probability of a future impact.","start":1943.682,"end":1962.507,"topics":[{"key":"neo-monitoring","label":"NEO Monitoring and Early Warning","description":"A major theme was the detection, tracking, characterization, and risk assessment of near-Earth objects using ground-based and space-based systems. Several statements highlighted early warning thresholds, impact probability updates, and the recent case of asteroid 2024 YR4."}],"words":[{"text":"Once","start":1943.682,"end":1944.067},{"text":"the","start":1944.067,"end":1944.099},{"text":"3","start":1944.099,"end":1944.468},{"text":"orbit","start":1944.564,"end":1944.965},{"text":"computation","start":1944.965,"end":1945.687},{"text":"centers","start":1945.687,"end":1946.216},{"text":"were","start":1946.312,"end":1946.425},{"text":"in","start":1946.425,"end":1946.569},{"text":"agreement","start":1946.569,"end":1947.291},{"text":"that","start":1947.676,"end":1947.852},{"text":"the","start":1947.852,"end":1947.996},{"text":"1%","start":1947.996,"end":1948.59},{"text":"impact","start":1948.59,"end":1949.183},{"text":"probability","start":1949.296,"end":1949.953},{"text":"threshold","start":1949.953,"end":1950.643},{"text":"had","start":1950.643,"end":1950.819},{"text":"been","start":1950.819,"end":1951.124},{"text":"crossed,","start":1951.124,"end":1951.605},{"text":"The","start":1952.022,"end":1952.263},{"text":"Iwan","start":1952.328,"end":1952.713},{"text":"Steering","start":1952.761,"end":1953.275},{"text":"Committee","start":1953.307,"end":1953.757},{"text":"began","start":1953.789,"end":1954.078},{"text":"to","start":1954.174,"end":1954.286},{"text":"coordinate","start":1954.286,"end":1954.961},{"text":"the","start":1954.993,"end":1955.154},{"text":"official","start":1955.154,"end":1955.748},{"text":"notification","start":1955.86,"end":1956.759},{"text":"of","start":1957.225,"end":1957.385},{"text":"a","start":1957.385,"end":1957.401},{"text":"1.3%","start":1957.562,"end":1958.622},{"text":"probability","start":1959.794,"end":1960.613},{"text":"of","start":1960.998,"end":1961.159},{"text":"a","start":1961.159,"end":1961.191},{"text":"future","start":1961.191,"end":1961.785},{"text":"impact.","start":1961.881,"end":1962.507}]},{"text":"Asteroid 2024 YR4 is likely to be in the range of 40 to 90 meters in diameter, which could result in blast damage should it impact Earth.","start":1963.567,"end":1976.637,"topics":[{"key":"neo-monitoring","label":"NEO Monitoring and Early Warning","description":"A major theme was the detection, tracking, characterization, and risk assessment of near-Earth objects using ground-based and space-based systems. Several statements highlighted early warning thresholds, impact probability updates, and the recent case of asteroid 2024 YR4."}],"words":[{"text":"Asteroid","start":1963.567,"end":1964.306},{"text":"2024","start":1964.306,"end":1965.606},{"text":"YR4","start":1966.393,"end":1966.586},{"text":"is","start":1967.212,"end":1967.324},{"text":"likely","start":1967.421,"end":1967.886},{"text":"to","start":1967.935,"end":1968.079},{"text":"be","start":1968.079,"end":1968.304},{"text":"in","start":1968.304,"end":1968.384},{"text":"the","start":1968.384,"end":1968.48},{"text":"range","start":1968.48,"end":1968.93},{"text":"of","start":1969.123,"end":1969.203},{"text":"40","start":1969.203,"end":1969.893},{"text":"to","start":1969.99,"end":1970.102},{"text":"90","start":1970.15,"end":1970.632},{"text":"meters","start":1970.648,"end":1971.033},{"text":"in","start":1971.29,"end":1971.339},{"text":"diameter,","start":1971.451,"end":1972.222},{"text":"which","start":1972.8,"end":1972.976},{"text":"could","start":1973.057,"end":1973.281},{"text":"result","start":1973.281,"end":1973.843},{"text":"in","start":1973.843,"end":1973.892},{"text":"blast","start":1974.02,"end":1974.309},{"text":"damage","start":1974.614,"end":1975.08},{"text":"should","start":1975.128,"end":1975.529},{"text":"it","start":1975.529,"end":1975.674},{"text":"impact","start":1975.69,"end":1976.284},{"text":"Earth.","start":1976.348,"end":1976.637}]},{"text":"The impact probability is changing daily with continued telescopic observations.","start":1977.376,"end":1983.382,"topics":[{"key":"neo-monitoring","label":"NEO Monitoring and Early Warning","description":"A major theme was the detection, tracking, characterization, and risk assessment of near-Earth objects using ground-based and space-based systems. Several statements highlighted early warning thresholds, impact probability updates, and the recent case of asteroid 2024 YR4."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1977.376,"end":1977.472},{"text":"impact","start":1977.472,"end":1978.034},{"text":"probability","start":1978.034,"end":1978.725},{"text":"is","start":1978.837,"end":1978.966},{"text":"changing","start":1979.078,"end":1979.592},{"text":"daily","start":1979.72,"end":1980.17},{"text":"with","start":1980.684,"end":1980.877},{"text":"continued","start":1980.989,"end":1981.68},{"text":"telescopic","start":1981.68,"end":1982.434},{"text":"observations.","start":1982.515,"end":1983.382}]},{"text":"As of this morning, the probability of a future impact is 1.9%, but that means it has about a 98% chance of missing Earth on the 22nd of December, 2032.","start":1984.121,"end":1999.232,"topics":[{"key":"neo-monitoring","label":"NEO Monitoring and Early Warning","description":"A major theme was the detection, tracking, characterization, and risk assessment of near-Earth objects using ground-based and space-based systems. Several statements highlighted early warning thresholds, impact probability updates, and the recent case of asteroid 2024 YR4."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":1984.121,"end":1984.265},{"text":"of","start":1984.458,"end":1984.586},{"text":"this","start":1984.602,"end":1984.731},{"text":"morning,","start":1984.859,"end":1985.229},{"text":"the","start":1985.807,"end":1985.903},{"text":"probability","start":1985.967,"end":1986.674},{"text":"of","start":1986.706,"end":1986.802},{"text":"a","start":1986.802,"end":1986.867},{"text":"future","start":1986.867,"end":1987.348},{"text":"impact","start":1987.348,"end":1988.023},{"text":"is","start":1988.071,"end":1988.28},{"text":"1.9%,","start":1988.713,"end":1990.416},{"text":"but","start":1990.721,"end":1990.881},{"text":"that","start":1990.881,"end":1991.058},{"text":"means","start":1991.138,"end":1991.492},{"text":"it","start":1991.765,"end":1991.909},{"text":"has","start":1991.909,"end":1992.134},{"text":"about","start":1992.182,"end":1992.616},{"text":"a","start":1992.632,"end":1992.728},{"text":"98%","start":1992.728,"end":1993.82},{"text":"chance","start":1993.852,"end":1994.206},{"text":"of","start":1994.575,"end":1994.719},{"text":"missing","start":1994.8,"end":1995.185},{"text":"Earth","start":1995.281,"end":1995.587},{"text":"on","start":1996.084,"end":1996.149},{"text":"the","start":1996.181,"end":1996.261},{"text":"22nd","start":1996.261,"end":1997.064},{"text":"of","start":1997.064,"end":1997.209},{"text":"December,","start":1997.209,"end":1997.771},{"text":"2032.","start":1998.028,"end":1999.232}]},{"text":"Madam Chair, I call your attention to Conference Room Papers 6 on the status of ION and Samepage activities, which documents the ION notification about asteroid 2024 YR4, along with the thresholds and criteria agreed by ION and Samepage.","start":1999.955,"end":2020.536,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":1999.955,"end":2000.276},{"text":"Chair,","start":2000.276,"end":2000.693},{"text":"I","start":2001.304,"end":2001.464},{"text":"call","start":2001.464,"end":2001.753},{"text":"your","start":2001.785,"end":2001.914},{"text":"attention","start":2001.962,"end":2002.685},{"text":"to","start":2002.685,"end":2002.765},{"text":"Conference","start":2002.829,"end":2003.471},{"text":"Room","start":2003.471,"end":2003.584},{"text":"Papers","start":2003.648,"end":2003.985},{"text":"6","start":2003.985,"end":2004.644},{"text":"on","start":2004.916,"end":2005.013},{"text":"the","start":2005.013,"end":2005.109},{"text":"status","start":2005.109,"end":2005.67},{"text":"of","start":2005.734,"end":2005.879},{"text":"ION","start":2005.879,"end":2006.328},{"text":"and","start":2006.52,"end":2006.616},{"text":"Samepage","start":2006.616,"end":2007.226},{"text":"activities,","start":2007.258,"end":2007.867},{"text":"which","start":2008.364,"end":2008.509},{"text":"documents","start":2008.605,"end":2009.198},{"text":"the","start":2009.343,"end":2009.567},{"text":"ION","start":2009.647,"end":2010.032},{"text":"notification","start":2010.064,"end":2011.155},{"text":"about","start":2011.508,"end":2011.973},{"text":"asteroid","start":2011.973,"end":2012.518},{"text":"2024","start":2012.726,"end":2013.929},{"text":"YR4,","start":2015.02,"end":2015.228},{"text":"along","start":2015.741,"end":2015.966},{"text":"with","start":2016.142,"end":2016.238},{"text":"the","start":2016.238,"end":2016.319},{"text":"thresholds","start":2016.319,"end":2016.928},{"text":"and","start":2016.96,"end":2017.104},{"text":"criteria","start":2017.104,"end":2017.954},{"text":"agreed","start":2017.986,"end":2018.708},{"text":"by","start":2018.708,"end":2018.836},{"text":"ION","start":2019.029,"end":2019.494},{"text":"and","start":2019.686,"end":2019.847},{"text":"Samepage.","start":2019.847,"end":2020.536}]},{"text":"Distinguished delegates, the worldwide network of ION will continue to track asteroid 2024 YR4 through early April 2025, when it will become too faint to be observable from Earth until June 2028.","start":2021.05,"end":2040.631,"topics":[{"key":"neo-monitoring","label":"NEO Monitoring and Early Warning","description":"A major theme was the detection, tracking, characterization, and risk assessment of near-Earth objects using ground-based and space-based systems. Several statements highlighted early warning thresholds, impact probability updates, and the recent case of asteroid 2024 YR4."}],"words":[{"text":"Distinguished","start":2021.05,"end":2021.675},{"text":"delegates,","start":2021.675,"end":2022.252},{"text":"the","start":2022.83,"end":2022.958},{"text":"worldwide","start":2022.974,"end":2023.519},{"text":"network","start":2023.519,"end":2024.016},{"text":"of","start":2024.016,"end":2024.113},{"text":"ION","start":2024.161,"end":2024.69},{"text":"will","start":2025.059,"end":2025.283},{"text":"continue","start":2025.283,"end":2025.973},{"text":"to","start":2026.165,"end":2026.326},{"text":"track","start":2026.326,"end":2026.759},{"text":"asteroid","start":2027.047,"end":2027.753},{"text":"2024","start":2027.881,"end":2028.94},{"text":"YR4","start":2029.373,"end":2030.399},{"text":"through","start":2030.752,"end":2031.009},{"text":"early","start":2031.218,"end":2031.523},{"text":"April","start":2031.7,"end":2032.069},{"text":"2025,","start":2032.198,"end":2033.547},{"text":"when","start":2034.125,"end":2034.286},{"text":"it","start":2034.286,"end":2034.447},{"text":"will","start":2034.447,"end":2034.559},{"text":"become","start":2034.607,"end":2034.961},{"text":"too","start":2035.169,"end":2035.41},{"text":"faint","start":2035.41,"end":2035.989},{"text":"to","start":2035.989,"end":2036.085},{"text":"be","start":2036.133,"end":2036.294},{"text":"observable","start":2036.294,"end":2036.985},{"text":"from","start":2037.081,"end":2037.274},{"text":"Earth","start":2037.338,"end":2037.627},{"text":"until","start":2038.205,"end":2038.511},{"text":"June","start":2038.784,"end":2039.201},{"text":"2028.","start":2039.506,"end":2040.631}]},{"text":"The 3 orbit computation centers of Iwan will continue to update the impact probabilities on their public websites, and Iwan will again officially notify the United Nations Office of Outer Space Affairs for dissemination to member states should the impact probability rise above 10% for notification, or more likely drop below the 1% threshold.","start":2041.354,"end":2069.254,"topics":[{"key":"neo-monitoring","label":"NEO Monitoring and Early Warning","description":"A major theme was the detection, tracking, characterization, and risk assessment of near-Earth objects using ground-based and space-based systems. Several statements highlighted early warning thresholds, impact probability updates, and the recent case of asteroid 2024 YR4."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2041.354,"end":2041.434},{"text":"3","start":2041.434,"end":2041.836},{"text":"orbit","start":2041.98,"end":2042.35},{"text":"computation","start":2042.382,"end":2043.185},{"text":"centers","start":2043.185,"end":2043.731},{"text":"of","start":2043.827,"end":2043.892},{"text":"Iwan","start":2044.084,"end":2044.695},{"text":"will","start":2044.791,"end":2044.871},{"text":"continue","start":2044.887,"end":2045.321},{"text":"to","start":2045.434,"end":2045.482},{"text":"update","start":2045.594,"end":2046.172},{"text":"the","start":2046.172,"end":2046.333},{"text":"impact","start":2046.333,"end":2046.735},{"text":"probabilities","start":2046.735,"end":2047.425},{"text":"on","start":2047.522,"end":2047.682},{"text":"their","start":2047.682,"end":2047.891},{"text":"public","start":2047.891,"end":2048.261},{"text":"websites,","start":2048.261,"end":2048.967},{"text":"and","start":2049.385,"end":2049.562},{"text":"Iwan","start":2049.69,"end":2050.156},{"text":"will","start":2050.413,"end":2050.541},{"text":"again","start":2050.59,"end":2051.12},{"text":"officially","start":2051.409,"end":2052.003},{"text":"notify","start":2052.18,"end":2052.79},{"text":"the","start":2052.919,"end":2053.063},{"text":"United","start":2053.063,"end":2053.642},{"text":"Nations","start":2053.642,"end":2054.091},{"text":"Office","start":2054.268,"end":2054.557},{"text":"of","start":2054.67,"end":2054.83},{"text":"Outer","start":2054.83,"end":2055.071},{"text":"Space","start":2055.071,"end":2055.36},{"text":"Affairs","start":2055.489,"end":2055.939},{"text":"for","start":2056.211,"end":2056.371},{"text":"dissemination","start":2056.371,"end":2057.433},{"text":"to","start":2057.433,"end":2057.562},{"text":"member","start":2057.562,"end":2057.835},{"text":"states","start":2057.899,"end":2058.495},{"text":"should","start":2058.929,"end":2059.427},{"text":"the","start":2059.427,"end":2059.636},{"text":"impact","start":2059.652,"end":2060.135},{"text":"probability","start":2060.135,"end":2060.843},{"text":"rise","start":2061.036,"end":2061.406},{"text":"above","start":2061.663,"end":2061.968},{"text":"10%","start":2062.547,"end":2062.885},{"text":"for","start":2064.157,"end":2064.416},{"text":"notification,","start":2064.416,"end":2065.468},{"text":"or","start":2065.856,"end":2066.018},{"text":"more","start":2066.018,"end":2066.309},{"text":"likely","start":2066.342,"end":2066.811},{"text":"drop","start":2066.989,"end":2067.312},{"text":"below","start":2067.329,"end":2067.62},{"text":"the","start":2067.814,"end":2067.96},{"text":"1%","start":2067.976,"end":2068.299},{"text":"threshold.","start":2068.542,"end":2069.254}]},{"text":"Thank you for your kind attention.","start":2069.594,"end":2071.018,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":2069.594,"end":2069.836},{"text":"you","start":2069.901,"end":2070.063},{"text":"for","start":2070.063,"end":2070.16},{"text":"your","start":2070.16,"end":2070.387},{"text":"kind","start":2070.387,"end":2070.645},{"text":"attention.","start":2070.645,"end":2071.018}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Alan Harris","affiliation":"IAWN","affiliation_full":"IAWN","group":null,"function":"Steering Committee member"}},{"statement_number":5,"start":2073.237,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1a/k1ad4k1m9e?t=2074","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the member of the ION steering committee for the statement.","start":2073.237,"end":2076.831,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":2073.237,"end":2073.318},{"text":"thank","start":2073.318,"end":2073.642},{"text":"the","start":2073.642,"end":2073.707},{"text":"member","start":2073.707,"end":2074.128},{"text":"of","start":2074.128,"end":2074.257},{"text":"the","start":2074.29,"end":2074.516},{"text":"ION","start":2074.516,"end":2074.824},{"text":"steering","start":2074.856,"end":2075.228},{"text":"committee","start":2075.261,"end":2075.73},{"text":"for","start":2075.73,"end":2075.973},{"text":"the","start":2075.973,"end":2076.07},{"text":"statement.","start":2076.07,"end":2076.831}]},{"text":"I'd now like to give the floor to the chair of the Space Mission Planning Advisory Group, Mr. Detlef Kosny.","start":2077.673,"end":2083.616,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I'd","start":2077.673,"end":2077.77},{"text":"now","start":2077.834,"end":2077.948},{"text":"like","start":2078.077,"end":2078.288},{"text":"to","start":2078.288,"end":2078.417},{"text":"give","start":2078.417,"end":2078.595},{"text":"the","start":2078.66,"end":2078.741},{"text":"floor","start":2078.741,"end":2079.016},{"text":"to","start":2079.21,"end":2079.324},{"text":"the","start":2079.372,"end":2079.55},{"text":"chair","start":2079.55,"end":2079.809},{"text":"of","start":2079.955,"end":2080.101},{"text":"the","start":2080.101,"end":2080.182},{"text":"Space","start":2080.182,"end":2080.602},{"text":"Mission","start":2080.602,"end":2080.991},{"text":"Planning","start":2080.991,"end":2081.218},{"text":"Advisory","start":2081.318,"end":2081.979},{"text":"Group,","start":2081.979,"end":2082.26},{"text":"Mr.","start":2082.409,"end":2082.673},{"text":"Detlef","start":2082.74,"end":2083.236},{"text":"Kosny.","start":2083.236,"end":2083.616}]},{"text":"You have the floor.","start":2083.879,"end":2084.627,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"You","start":2083.879,"end":2083.962},{"text":"have","start":2083.962,"end":2084.145},{"text":"the","start":2084.145,"end":2084.228},{"text":"floor.","start":2084.228,"end":2084.627}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"COPUOS","affiliation_full":"COPUOS","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":6,"start":2086.42,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1a/k1ad4k1m9e?t=2087","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Madam Chair, distinguished delegates.","start":2086.42,"end":2088.947,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":2086.42,"end":2086.517},{"text":"you,","start":2086.517,"end":2086.598},{"text":"Madam","start":2086.695,"end":2087.084},{"text":"Chair,","start":2087.084,"end":2087.44},{"text":"distinguished","start":2087.683,"end":2088.315},{"text":"delegates.","start":2088.315,"end":2088.947}]},{"text":"Thanks for the opportunity to address this subcommittee.","start":2089.514,"end":2092.786,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thanks","start":2089.514,"end":2089.854},{"text":"for","start":2089.854,"end":2090.032},{"text":"the","start":2090.032,"end":2090.178},{"text":"opportunity","start":2090.178,"end":2091.004},{"text":"to","start":2091.004,"end":2091.215},{"text":"address","start":2091.296,"end":2091.587},{"text":"this","start":2091.782,"end":2091.911},{"text":"subcommittee.","start":2092.025,"end":2092.786}]},{"text":"As the chair of the Space Mission Planning Advisory Group, Samepage, on behalf of the European Space Agency, I'm pleased to inform delegations about our work progress.","start":2093.536,"end":2104.053,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"As","start":2093.536,"end":2093.6},{"text":"the","start":2093.616,"end":2093.778},{"text":"chair","start":2093.778,"end":2093.987},{"text":"of","start":2094.116,"end":2094.246},{"text":"the","start":2094.278,"end":2094.31},{"text":"Space","start":2094.358,"end":2094.649},{"text":"Mission","start":2095.004,"end":2095.326},{"text":"Planning","start":2095.568,"end":2095.859},{"text":"Advisory","start":2095.956,"end":2096.585},{"text":"Group,","start":2096.601,"end":2097.15},{"text":"Samepage,","start":2097.166,"end":2097.924},{"text":"on","start":2098.23,"end":2098.36},{"text":"behalf","start":2098.456,"end":2098.956},{"text":"of","start":2098.956,"end":2099.086},{"text":"the","start":2099.182,"end":2099.263},{"text":"European","start":2099.263,"end":2099.682},{"text":"Space","start":2099.682,"end":2100.07},{"text":"Agency,","start":2100.07,"end":2100.57},{"text":"I'm","start":2100.989,"end":2101.102},{"text":"pleased","start":2101.199,"end":2101.506},{"text":"to","start":2101.651,"end":2101.715},{"text":"inform","start":2101.764,"end":2102.264},{"text":"delegations","start":2102.344,"end":2102.957},{"text":"about","start":2103.006,"end":2103.216},{"text":"our","start":2103.216,"end":2103.457},{"text":"work","start":2103.457,"end":2103.635},{"text":"progress.","start":2103.635,"end":2104.053}]},{"text":"Madam Chair, distinguished delegates, the purpose of Samepage is to prepare for an international response to a near-Earth object impact threat through the exchange of information, development of options for collaborative research and mission opportunities, and NEO threat mitigation planning activities.","start":2105.004,"end":2126,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":2105.004,"end":2105.246},{"text":"Chair,","start":2105.326,"end":2105.584},{"text":"distinguished","start":2105.81,"end":2106.374},{"text":"delegates,","start":2106.374,"end":2106.905},{"text":"the","start":2107.405,"end":2107.437},{"text":"purpose","start":2107.485,"end":2107.92},{"text":"of","start":2107.985,"end":2108.065},{"text":"Samepage","start":2108.065,"end":2108.839},{"text":"is","start":2108.952,"end":2109.08},{"text":"to","start":2109.193,"end":2109.29},{"text":"prepare","start":2109.338,"end":2109.773},{"text":"for","start":2109.999,"end":2110.241},{"text":"an","start":2110.241,"end":2110.289},{"text":"international","start":2110.466,"end":2111.272},{"text":"response","start":2111.272,"end":2111.803},{"text":"to","start":2112.332,"end":2112.476},{"text":"a","start":2112.476,"end":2112.508},{"text":"near-Earth","start":2112.572,"end":2113.293},{"text":"object","start":2113.293,"end":2113.95},{"text":"impact","start":2113.998,"end":2114.399},{"text":"threat","start":2114.399,"end":2114.655},{"text":"through","start":2115.04,"end":2115.232},{"text":"the","start":2115.232,"end":2115.376},{"text":"exchange","start":2115.376,"end":2115.905},{"text":"of","start":2116.017,"end":2116.193},{"text":"information,","start":2116.193,"end":2117.011},{"text":"development","start":2117.459,"end":2118.02},{"text":"of","start":2118.02,"end":2118.148},{"text":"options","start":2118.325,"end":2118.789},{"text":"for","start":2118.902,"end":2119.062},{"text":"collaborative","start":2119.062,"end":2119.751},{"text":"research","start":2119.847,"end":2120.28},{"text":"and","start":2120.808,"end":2120.985},{"text":"mission","start":2121.001,"end":2121.417},{"text":"opportunities,","start":2121.61,"end":2122.475},{"text":"and","start":2123.132,"end":2123.533},{"text":"NEO","start":2123.549,"end":2123.933},{"text":"threat","start":2123.933,"end":2124.366},{"text":"mitigation","start":2124.414,"end":2124.991},{"text":"planning","start":2125.055,"end":2125.359},{"text":"activities.","start":2125.455,"end":2126}]},{"text":"SAMEPAGE is comprised of space agencies and offices.","start":2126.769,"end":2130.487,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"SAMEPAGE","start":2126.769,"end":2127.41},{"text":"is","start":2127.619,"end":2127.683},{"text":"comprised","start":2127.779,"end":2128.5},{"text":"of","start":2128.5,"end":2128.58},{"text":"space","start":2128.58,"end":2128.917},{"text":"agencies","start":2128.917,"end":2129.526},{"text":"and","start":2129.702,"end":2129.958},{"text":"offices.","start":2130.022,"end":2130.487}]},{"text":"We now have 19 members and 7 observer organizations.","start":2130.92,"end":2134.894,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":2130.92,"end":2131.064},{"text":"now","start":2131.064,"end":2131.16},{"text":"have","start":2131.384,"end":2131.609},{"text":"19","start":2131.705,"end":2132.25},{"text":"members","start":2132.362,"end":2132.811},{"text":"and","start":2133.147,"end":2133.243},{"text":"7","start":2133.243,"end":2133.644},{"text":"observer","start":2133.644,"end":2134.012},{"text":"organizations.","start":2134.028,"end":2134.894}]},{"text":"SAMEPAGE is chaired by the European Space Agency, And the UN Office for Outer Space Affairs acts as a secretariat to Samepage in accordance with General Assembly Resolution 71/90.","start":2135.583,"end":2150.854,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"SAMEPAGE","start":2135.583,"end":2136.208},{"text":"is","start":2136.208,"end":2136.256},{"text":"chaired","start":2136.432,"end":2136.849},{"text":"by","start":2136.849,"end":2137.009},{"text":"the","start":2137.009,"end":2137.153},{"text":"European","start":2137.153,"end":2137.554},{"text":"Space","start":2137.554,"end":2137.922},{"text":"Agency,","start":2137.954,"end":2138.387},{"text":"And","start":2138.996,"end":2139.06},{"text":"the","start":2139.092,"end":2139.172},{"text":"UN","start":2139.236,"end":2139.461},{"text":"Office","start":2139.573,"end":2139.941},{"text":"for","start":2140.134,"end":2140.278},{"text":"Outer","start":2140.278,"end":2140.55},{"text":"Space","start":2140.55,"end":2140.903},{"text":"Affairs","start":2141.015,"end":2141.383},{"text":"acts","start":2141.88,"end":2142.105},{"text":"as","start":2142.281,"end":2142.345},{"text":"a","start":2142.457,"end":2142.473},{"text":"secretariat","start":2142.473,"end":2143.386},{"text":"to","start":2143.418,"end":2143.499},{"text":"Samepage","start":2143.499,"end":2144.364},{"text":"in","start":2144.845,"end":2144.893},{"text":"accordance","start":2145.005,"end":2145.758},{"text":"with","start":2146.111,"end":2146.239},{"text":"General","start":2146.623,"end":2147.216},{"text":"Assembly","start":2147.489,"end":2148.514},{"text":"Resolution","start":2148.546,"end":2149.251},{"text":"71/90.","start":2149.251,"end":2150.854}]},{"text":"Since our last reporting to this subcommittee, Samepage held its 23rd meeting in person in Milano, Italy on the 10th to the 11th October 2024, kindly hosted by the Italian Space Agency, ASI, and its 24th meeting on 5 and 6 February 2025 in conjunction with this session of the subcommittee.","start":2152.216,"end":2175.385,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Since","start":2152.216,"end":2152.552},{"text":"our","start":2152.616,"end":2152.728},{"text":"last","start":2152.728,"end":2152.985},{"text":"reporting","start":2153.033,"end":2153.562},{"text":"to","start":2153.738,"end":2153.834},{"text":"this","start":2153.834,"end":2153.994},{"text":"subcommittee,","start":2153.994,"end":2154.86},{"text":"Samepage","start":2154.972,"end":2155.693},{"text":"held","start":2155.757,"end":2156.093},{"text":"its","start":2156.093,"end":2156.206},{"text":"23rd","start":2156.318,"end":2156.975},{"text":"meeting","start":2156.975,"end":2157.327},{"text":"in","start":2157.6,"end":2157.792},{"text":"person","start":2157.824,"end":2158.289},{"text":"in","start":2158.465,"end":2158.561},{"text":"Milano,","start":2158.561,"end":2159.026},{"text":"Italy","start":2159.122,"end":2159.41},{"text":"on","start":2159.667,"end":2159.715},{"text":"the","start":2159.763,"end":2159.923},{"text":"10th","start":2159.923,"end":2160.292},{"text":"to","start":2160.388,"end":2160.5},{"text":"the","start":2160.5,"end":2160.644},{"text":"11th","start":2160.644,"end":2161.045},{"text":"October","start":2161.109,"end":2161.526},{"text":"2024,","start":2161.526,"end":2162.503},{"text":"kindly","start":2163.128,"end":2163.529},{"text":"hosted","start":2163.529,"end":2164.121},{"text":"by","start":2164.25,"end":2164.394},{"text":"the","start":2164.394,"end":2164.49},{"text":"Italian","start":2164.49,"end":2165.035},{"text":"Space","start":2165.035,"end":2165.483},{"text":"Agency,","start":2165.516,"end":2165.997},{"text":"ASI,","start":2166.157,"end":2166.543},{"text":"and","start":2167.441,"end":2167.554},{"text":"its","start":2167.554,"end":2167.762},{"text":"24th","start":2167.762,"end":2168.308},{"text":"meeting","start":2168.42,"end":2168.693},{"text":"on","start":2169.158,"end":2169.239},{"text":"5","start":2169.303,"end":2169.608},{"text":"and","start":2169.849,"end":2169.913},{"text":"6","start":2169.945,"end":2170.33},{"text":"February","start":2170.33,"end":2170.667},{"text":"2025","start":2170.667,"end":2171.758},{"text":"in","start":2172.047,"end":2172.16},{"text":"conjunction","start":2172.176,"end":2172.994},{"text":"with","start":2172.994,"end":2173.219},{"text":"this","start":2173.219,"end":2173.347},{"text":"session","start":2173.395,"end":2174.326},{"text":"of","start":2174.358,"end":2174.503},{"text":"the","start":2174.503,"end":2174.551},{"text":"subcommittee.","start":2174.599,"end":2175.385}]},{"text":"Madam Chair, distinguished delegates, 2 main points drive the current work of SAMEPAGE.","start":2176.444,"end":2182.077,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":2176.444,"end":2176.765},{"text":"Chair,","start":2176.765,"end":2176.958},{"text":"distinguished","start":2177.263,"end":2177.808},{"text":"delegates,","start":2177.808,"end":2178.402},{"text":"2","start":2178.771,"end":2179.012},{"text":"main","start":2179.012,"end":2179.237},{"text":"points","start":2179.317,"end":2179.911},{"text":"drive","start":2180.135,"end":2180.553},{"text":"the","start":2180.553,"end":2180.681},{"text":"current","start":2180.681,"end":2180.986},{"text":"work","start":2181.082,"end":2181.275},{"text":"of","start":2181.323,"end":2181.387},{"text":"SAMEPAGE.","start":2181.403,"end":2182.077}]},{"text":"Firstly, the notification by ION about the real asteroid designated 2024 YR4, which currently has an impact probability of about 1.9% for December 2032.","start":2182.783,"end":2197.192,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Firstly,","start":2182.783,"end":2183.313},{"text":"the","start":2183.666,"end":2183.746},{"text":"notification","start":2183.746,"end":2184.677},{"text":"by","start":2184.693,"end":2184.934},{"text":"ION","start":2184.934,"end":2185.544},{"text":"about","start":2185.672,"end":2185.993},{"text":"the","start":2185.993,"end":2186.073},{"text":"real","start":2186.073,"end":2186.378},{"text":"asteroid","start":2186.378,"end":2187.084},{"text":"designated","start":2187.1,"end":2187.919},{"text":"2024","start":2187.919,"end":2188.962},{"text":"YR4,","start":2189.588,"end":2189.716},{"text":"which","start":2190.406,"end":2190.535},{"text":"currently","start":2190.631,"end":2191.096},{"text":"has","start":2191.193,"end":2191.417},{"text":"an","start":2191.53,"end":2191.674},{"text":"impact","start":2191.674,"end":2192.252},{"text":"probability","start":2192.14,"end":2192.781},{"text":"of","start":2192.813,"end":2192.99},{"text":"about","start":2192.99,"end":2193.359},{"text":"1.9%","start":2193.359,"end":2194.113},{"text":"for","start":2194.241,"end":2195.332},{"text":"December","start":2195.54,"end":2196.005},{"text":"2032.","start":2196.037,"end":2197.192}]},{"text":"Secondly, Samepage has been engaged in the ongoing hypothetical international exercise to test its capabilities.","start":2198.123,"end":2207.138,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Secondly,","start":2198.123,"end":2198.796},{"text":"Samepage","start":2199.085,"end":2199.807},{"text":"has","start":2199.951,"end":2200.08},{"text":"been","start":2200.208,"end":2200.336},{"text":"engaged","start":2200.417,"end":2201.09},{"text":"in","start":2201.219,"end":2201.315},{"text":"the","start":2201.315,"end":2201.411},{"text":"ongoing","start":2201.539,"end":2201.924},{"text":"hypothetical","start":2202.101,"end":2203.144},{"text":"international","start":2203.705,"end":2204.395},{"text":"exercise","start":2204.507,"end":2205.117},{"text":"to","start":2205.117,"end":2205.614},{"text":"test","start":2205.63,"end":2205.935},{"text":"its","start":2206.111,"end":2206.352},{"text":"capabilities.","start":2206.352,"end":2207.138}]},{"text":"Related to Asteroid 24 YR4, Samepage agreed to issue a statement also available on its webpage, which in summary informs as follows: That same page will continue to actively monitor the evolution of the impact probability and possible knowledge about the object size.","start":2208.453,"end":2228.47,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Related","start":2208.453,"end":2208.854},{"text":"to","start":2208.854,"end":2208.998},{"text":"Asteroid","start":2208.998,"end":2209.544},{"text":"24","start":2209.56,"end":2210.234},{"text":"YR4,","start":2210.619,"end":2211.276},{"text":"Samepage","start":2211.501,"end":2212.399},{"text":"agreed","start":2212.624,"end":2213.089},{"text":"to","start":2213.089,"end":2213.281},{"text":"issue","start":2213.281,"end":2213.666},{"text":"a","start":2213.666,"end":2213.682},{"text":"statement","start":2213.682,"end":2214.468},{"text":"also","start":2214.934,"end":2215.238},{"text":"available","start":2215.254,"end":2215.896},{"text":"on","start":2215.896,"end":2215.944},{"text":"its","start":2215.992,"end":2216.217},{"text":"webpage,","start":2216.217,"end":2216.81},{"text":"which","start":2217.115,"end":2217.243},{"text":"in","start":2217.34,"end":2217.436},{"text":"summary","start":2217.436,"end":2218.045},{"text":"informs","start":2218.222,"end":2218.719},{"text":"as","start":2218.719,"end":2218.767},{"text":"follows:","start":2218.88,"end":2219.248},{"text":"That","start":2220.066,"end":2220.339},{"text":"same","start":2220.467,"end":2220.74},{"text":"page","start":2220.948,"end":2221.221},{"text":"will","start":2221.349,"end":2221.51},{"text":"continue","start":2221.51,"end":2222.183},{"text":"to","start":2222.247,"end":2222.408},{"text":"actively","start":2222.488,"end":2222.905},{"text":"monitor","start":2222.905,"end":2223.45},{"text":"the","start":2223.45,"end":2223.595},{"text":"evolution","start":2223.595,"end":2224.172},{"text":"of","start":2224.172,"end":2224.3},{"text":"the","start":2224.316,"end":2224.428},{"text":"impact","start":2224.428,"end":2224.797},{"text":"probability","start":2224.797,"end":2225.631},{"text":"and","start":2225.92,"end":2226.064},{"text":"possible","start":2226.096,"end":2226.658},{"text":"knowledge","start":2226.658,"end":2227.058},{"text":"about","start":2227.058,"end":2227.379},{"text":"the","start":2227.379,"end":2227.604},{"text":"object","start":2227.604,"end":2228.005},{"text":"size.","start":2228.005,"end":2228.47}]},{"text":"The group has started to discuss activities but considers it is premature to develop specific recommendations for missions.","start":2229.304,"end":2237.931,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2229.304,"end":2229.4},{"text":"group","start":2229.464,"end":2229.769},{"text":"has","start":2229.785,"end":2229.961},{"text":"started","start":2229.961,"end":2230.651},{"text":"to","start":2230.651,"end":2230.747},{"text":"discuss","start":2230.747,"end":2231.244},{"text":"activities","start":2231.372,"end":2231.998},{"text":"but","start":2232.431,"end":2232.591},{"text":"considers","start":2232.655,"end":2233.12},{"text":"it","start":2233.233,"end":2233.521},{"text":"is","start":2233.714,"end":2233.842},{"text":"premature","start":2233.938,"end":2234.708},{"text":"to","start":2235.317,"end":2235.462},{"text":"develop","start":2235.462,"end":2235.863},{"text":"specific","start":2235.863,"end":2236.456},{"text":"recommendations","start":2236.504,"end":2237.29},{"text":"for","start":2237.322,"end":2237.466},{"text":"missions.","start":2237.466,"end":2237.931}]},{"text":"This will be reassessed at a future meeting which will be held towards the end of this visibility period.","start":2238.749,"end":2245.709,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":2238.749,"end":2238.91},{"text":"will","start":2238.91,"end":2239.038},{"text":"be","start":2239.086,"end":2239.246},{"text":"reassessed","start":2239.246,"end":2240.08},{"text":"at","start":2240.433,"end":2240.577},{"text":"a","start":2240.593,"end":2240.642},{"text":"future","start":2240.69,"end":2241.155},{"text":"meeting","start":2241.155,"end":2241.459},{"text":"which","start":2241.716,"end":2241.892},{"text":"will","start":2241.892,"end":2242.053},{"text":"be","start":2242.053,"end":2242.277},{"text":"held","start":2242.277,"end":2242.662},{"text":"towards","start":2242.694,"end":2243.304},{"text":"the","start":2243.336,"end":2243.56},{"text":"end","start":2243.64,"end":2243.897},{"text":"of","start":2243.897,"end":2244.025},{"text":"this","start":2244.057,"end":2244.314},{"text":"visibility","start":2244.442,"end":2245.164},{"text":"period.","start":2245.26,"end":2245.709}]},{"text":"which is roughly the end of April, early May this year, or earlier if the evolution of the threat merits.","start":2246.303,"end":2253.474,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"which","start":2246.303,"end":2246.479},{"text":"is","start":2246.479,"end":2246.591},{"text":"roughly","start":2246.688,"end":2247.073},{"text":"the","start":2247.089,"end":2247.217},{"text":"end","start":2247.329,"end":2247.666},{"text":"of","start":2247.666,"end":2247.795},{"text":"April,","start":2247.971,"end":2248.42},{"text":"early","start":2248.469,"end":2248.757},{"text":"May","start":2248.773,"end":2249.03},{"text":"this","start":2249.03,"end":2249.255},{"text":"year,","start":2249.255,"end":2249.447},{"text":"or","start":2250.378,"end":2250.426},{"text":"earlier","start":2250.779,"end":2251.18},{"text":"if","start":2251.276,"end":2251.533},{"text":"the","start":2251.533,"end":2251.693},{"text":"evolution","start":2251.693,"end":2252.239},{"text":"of","start":2252.239,"end":2252.367},{"text":"the","start":2252.399,"end":2252.479},{"text":"threat","start":2252.479,"end":2252.816},{"text":"merits.","start":2252.816,"end":2253.474}]},{"text":"Note, as we heard from the speaker before, the impact probability is still changing daily.","start":2254.324,"end":2259.908,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Note,","start":2254.324,"end":2254.629},{"text":"as","start":2254.95,"end":2255.014},{"text":"we","start":2255.046,"end":2255.191},{"text":"heard","start":2255.191,"end":2255.431},{"text":"from","start":2255.431,"end":2255.576},{"text":"the","start":2255.608,"end":2255.704},{"text":"speaker","start":2255.704,"end":2256.089},{"text":"before,","start":2256.089,"end":2256.603},{"text":"the","start":2257.357,"end":2257.453},{"text":"impact","start":2257.533,"end":2257.918},{"text":"probability","start":2257.918,"end":2258.544},{"text":"is","start":2258.576,"end":2258.608},{"text":"still","start":2258.608,"end":2258.865},{"text":"changing","start":2258.977,"end":2259.506},{"text":"daily.","start":2259.603,"end":2259.908}]},{"text":"As of this morning, it is at 1.9%.","start":2260.485,"end":2263.582,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"As","start":2260.485,"end":2260.549},{"text":"of","start":2260.662,"end":2260.806},{"text":"this","start":2260.806,"end":2261.015},{"text":"morning,","start":2261.047,"end":2261.432},{"text":"it","start":2261.464,"end":2261.769},{"text":"is","start":2261.769,"end":2261.833},{"text":"at","start":2261.929,"end":2262.122},{"text":"1.9%.","start":2262.25,"end":2263.582}]},{"text":"Madam Chair, distinguished delegates, CENPAGE is also continuing its work on an international exercise I emphasize exercise, kindly coordinated by the Italian Space Agency.","start":2264.817,"end":2277.255,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":2264.817,"end":2265.138},{"text":"Chair,","start":2265.138,"end":2265.459},{"text":"distinguished","start":2265.475,"end":2266.036},{"text":"delegates,","start":2266.036,"end":2266.614},{"text":"CENPAGE","start":2266.742,"end":2267.448},{"text":"is","start":2267.641,"end":2267.689},{"text":"also","start":2267.865,"end":2268.282},{"text":"continuing","start":2268.282,"end":2268.876},{"text":"its","start":2268.924,"end":2269.1},{"text":"work","start":2269.149,"end":2269.502},{"text":"on","start":2269.502,"end":2269.582},{"text":"an","start":2269.63,"end":2269.79},{"text":"international","start":2269.806,"end":2270.576},{"text":"exercise","start":2270.769,"end":2271.539},{"text":"I","start":2271.892,"end":2272.037},{"text":"emphasize","start":2272.053,"end":2272.502},{"text":"exercise,","start":2272.84,"end":2273.466},{"text":"kindly","start":2274.06,"end":2274.509},{"text":"coordinated","start":2274.542,"end":2275.312},{"text":"by","start":2275.344,"end":2275.489},{"text":"the","start":2275.489,"end":2275.585},{"text":"Italian","start":2275.585,"end":2276.051},{"text":"Space","start":2276.051,"end":2276.356},{"text":"Agency.","start":2276.613,"end":2277.255}]},{"text":"Samepage currently uses a simulated asteroid impact threat, which was developed by an international team within the frame of ION, to prepare a decision-makers panel discussion at the upcoming Planetary Defense Conference 2025, taking place in Stellenbosch, South Africa in May this year.","start":2277.833,"end":2297.117,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Samepage","start":2277.833,"end":2278.283},{"text":"currently","start":2278.459,"end":2278.861},{"text":"uses","start":2278.877,"end":2279.166},{"text":"a","start":2279.278,"end":2279.294},{"text":"simulated","start":2279.294,"end":2280.306},{"text":"asteroid","start":2280.466,"end":2280.948},{"text":"impact","start":2280.948,"end":2281.285},{"text":"threat,","start":2281.35,"end":2281.558},{"text":"which","start":2281.928,"end":2282.152},{"text":"was","start":2282.168,"end":2282.297},{"text":"developed","start":2282.409,"end":2282.891},{"text":"by","start":2282.891,"end":2282.971},{"text":"an","start":2282.971,"end":2283.1},{"text":"international","start":2283.196,"end":2283.806},{"text":"team","start":2283.919,"end":2284.336},{"text":"within","start":2284.336,"end":2284.657},{"text":"the","start":2284.657,"end":2284.737},{"text":"frame","start":2284.737,"end":2285.123},{"text":"of","start":2285.123,"end":2285.267},{"text":"ION,","start":2285.364,"end":2285.749},{"text":"to","start":2286.263,"end":2286.359},{"text":"prepare","start":2286.359,"end":2286.841},{"text":"a","start":2286.905,"end":2287.066},{"text":"decision-makers","start":2287.066,"end":2287.836},{"text":"panel","start":2287.949,"end":2288.27},{"text":"discussion","start":2288.27,"end":2288.848},{"text":"at","start":2288.848,"end":2288.976},{"text":"the","start":2288.976,"end":2289.073},{"text":"upcoming","start":2289.073,"end":2289.522},{"text":"Planetary","start":2289.635,"end":2290.245},{"text":"Defense","start":2290.277,"end":2290.791},{"text":"Conference","start":2290.823,"end":2291.465},{"text":"2025,","start":2291.465,"end":2292.653},{"text":"taking","start":2293.167,"end":2293.456},{"text":"place","start":2293.569,"end":2293.89},{"text":"in","start":2293.89,"end":2294.05},{"text":"Stellenbosch,","start":2294.05,"end":2294.789},{"text":"South","start":2295.014,"end":2295.303},{"text":"Africa","start":2295.479,"end":2296.138},{"text":"in","start":2296.138,"end":2296.186},{"text":"May","start":2296.379,"end":2296.459},{"text":"this","start":2296.684,"end":2296.957},{"text":"year.","start":2297.005,"end":2297.117}]},{"text":"More information on our activities is provided in the status report by ION and SAMEPAGE, made available today in conference room paper number 6.","start":2298.225,"end":2306.863,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"More","start":2298.225,"end":2298.386},{"text":"information","start":2298.386,"end":2299.028},{"text":"on","start":2299.028,"end":2299.172},{"text":"our","start":2299.172,"end":2299.413},{"text":"activities","start":2299.413,"end":2299.879},{"text":"is","start":2299.927,"end":2300.039},{"text":"provided","start":2300.136,"end":2300.698},{"text":"in","start":2300.698,"end":2300.778},{"text":"the","start":2300.778,"end":2300.858},{"text":"status","start":2300.858,"end":2301.436},{"text":"report","start":2301.436,"end":2302.063},{"text":"by","start":2302.063,"end":2302.127},{"text":"ION","start":2302.143,"end":2302.625},{"text":"and","start":2302.625,"end":2302.721},{"text":"SAMEPAGE,","start":2302.721,"end":2303.379},{"text":"made","start":2303.765,"end":2304.005},{"text":"available","start":2304.005,"end":2304.439},{"text":"today","start":2304.487,"end":2304.969},{"text":"in","start":2305.129,"end":2305.258},{"text":"conference","start":2305.274,"end":2305.756},{"text":"room","start":2305.756,"end":2305.932},{"text":"paper","start":2305.932,"end":2306.269},{"text":"number","start":2306.269,"end":2306.574},{"text":"6.","start":2306.574,"end":2306.863}]},{"text":"Finally, SAMEPAGE notes with satisfaction that the agreement by the United Nations to declare the year 2029 as International Year of Asteroid Awareness and Planetary Defense, as contained in the General Assembly Resolution 7986 of 4 December 2024.","start":2308.164,"end":2328.954,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Finally,","start":2308.164,"end":2308.63},{"text":"SAMEPAGE","start":2308.919,"end":2309.609},{"text":"notes","start":2309.625,"end":2309.93},{"text":"with","start":2309.93,"end":2310.027},{"text":"satisfaction","start":2310.027,"end":2310.958},{"text":"that","start":2311.135,"end":2311.231},{"text":"the","start":2311.231,"end":2311.375},{"text":"agreement","start":2311.391,"end":2312.034},{"text":"by","start":2312.034,"end":2312.194},{"text":"the","start":2312.194,"end":2312.275},{"text":"United","start":2312.339,"end":2312.82},{"text":"Nations","start":2312.82,"end":2313.254},{"text":"to","start":2313.382,"end":2313.543},{"text":"declare","start":2313.543,"end":2313.993},{"text":"the","start":2314.266,"end":2314.426},{"text":"year","start":2314.426,"end":2314.539},{"text":"2029","start":2314.667,"end":2316.096},{"text":"as","start":2316.754,"end":2316.899},{"text":"International","start":2317.236,"end":2318.119},{"text":"Year","start":2318.119,"end":2318.328},{"text":"of","start":2318.842,"end":2318.922},{"text":"Asteroid","start":2319.243,"end":2319.917},{"text":"Awareness","start":2319.966,"end":2320.656},{"text":"and","start":2320.768,"end":2320.865},{"text":"Planetary","start":2320.865,"end":2321.475},{"text":"Defense,","start":2321.507,"end":2322.021},{"text":"as","start":2322.631,"end":2322.679},{"text":"contained","start":2322.76,"end":2323.437},{"text":"in","start":2323.598,"end":2323.647},{"text":"the","start":2323.744,"end":2323.84},{"text":"General","start":2323.84,"end":2324.195},{"text":"Assembly","start":2324.308,"end":2324.695},{"text":"Resolution","start":2324.792,"end":2325.325},{"text":"7986","start":2325.373,"end":2326.712},{"text":"of","start":2326.97,"end":2327.002},{"text":"4","start":2327.002,"end":2327.26},{"text":"December","start":2327.389,"end":2327.954},{"text":"2024.","start":2327.954,"end":2328.954}]},{"text":"Madam Chair, distinguished delegates, thank you for your kind attention.","start":2330.132,"end":2333.302,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":2330.132,"end":2330.422},{"text":"Chair,","start":2330.438,"end":2330.632},{"text":"distinguished","start":2330.777,"end":2331.342},{"text":"delegates,","start":2331.342,"end":2331.89},{"text":"thank","start":2332.052,"end":2332.294},{"text":"you","start":2332.294,"end":2332.39},{"text":"for","start":2332.39,"end":2332.52},{"text":"your","start":2332.52,"end":2332.641},{"text":"kind","start":2332.641,"end":2333.007},{"text":"attention.","start":2333.007,"end":2333.302}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Detlef Kosny","affiliation":"SMPAG","affiliation_full":"SMPAG","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":7,"start":2335.336,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1a/k1ad4k1m9e?t=2336","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the chair of the Space Mission Planning Advisory Group for the statement.","start":2335.336,"end":2339.607,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":2335.336,"end":2335.368},{"text":"thank","start":2335.432,"end":2335.658},{"text":"the","start":2335.658,"end":2335.819},{"text":"chair","start":2335.819,"end":2336.238},{"text":"of","start":2336.238,"end":2336.367},{"text":"the","start":2336.399,"end":2336.48},{"text":"Space","start":2336.48,"end":2336.883},{"text":"Mission","start":2336.883,"end":2337.27},{"text":"Planning","start":2337.27,"end":2337.576},{"text":"Advisory","start":2337.625,"end":2338.221},{"text":"Group","start":2338.318,"end":2338.559},{"text":"for","start":2338.656,"end":2338.817},{"text":"the","start":2338.817,"end":2338.898},{"text":"statement.","start":2338.898,"end":2339.607}]},{"text":"I now turn to the list of speakers.","start":2340.333,"end":2341.848,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":2340.333,"end":2340.349},{"text":"now","start":2340.349,"end":2340.461},{"text":"turn","start":2340.607,"end":2340.881},{"text":"to","start":2340.913,"end":2341.01},{"text":"the","start":2341.058,"end":2341.138},{"text":"list","start":2341.138,"end":2341.38},{"text":"of","start":2341.38,"end":2341.445},{"text":"speakers.","start":2341.461,"end":2341.848}]},{"text":"The first speaker on my list is the distinguished representative of the United States of America.","start":2342.7,"end":2347.324,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2342.7,"end":2342.748},{"text":"first","start":2342.796,"end":2342.99},{"text":"speaker","start":2342.99,"end":2343.376},{"text":"on","start":2343.376,"end":2343.505},{"text":"my","start":2343.537,"end":2343.682},{"text":"list","start":2343.682,"end":2344.069},{"text":"is","start":2344.101,"end":2344.15},{"text":"the","start":2344.246,"end":2344.295},{"text":"distinguished","start":2344.408,"end":2344.923},{"text":"representative","start":2344.972,"end":2345.777},{"text":"of","start":2345.777,"end":2345.842},{"text":"the","start":2345.874,"end":2345.938},{"text":"United","start":2345.938,"end":2346.325},{"text":"States","start":2346.357,"end":2346.68},{"text":"of","start":2346.68,"end":2346.776},{"text":"America.","start":2346.776,"end":2347.324}]},{"text":"You have the floor.","start":2347.63,"end":2348.211,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"You","start":2347.63,"end":2347.711},{"text":"have","start":2347.711,"end":2347.856},{"text":"the","start":2347.888,"end":2347.969},{"text":"floor.","start":2347.969,"end":2348.211}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"COPUOS","affiliation_full":"COPUOS","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":8,"start":2352.153,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1a/k1ad4k1m9e?t=2353","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Chair, and distinguished delegates.","start":2352.153,"end":2354.079,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":2352.153,"end":2352.474},{"text":"you,","start":2352.474,"end":2352.538},{"text":"Chair,","start":2352.554,"end":2352.859},{"text":"and","start":2352.875,"end":2352.956},{"text":"distinguished","start":2352.956,"end":2353.469},{"text":"delegates.","start":2353.517,"end":2354.079}]},{"text":"The United States appreciates the opportunity to share its most recent activities for discovery and research on near-Earth objects, or NEOs.","start":2355.138,"end":2364.046,"topics":[{"key":"neo-monitoring","label":"NEO Monitoring and Early Warning","description":"A major theme was the detection, tracking, characterization, and risk assessment of near-Earth objects using ground-based and space-based systems. Several statements highlighted early warning thresholds, impact probability updates, and the recent case of asteroid 2024 YR4."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2355.138,"end":2355.187},{"text":"United","start":2355.187,"end":2355.443},{"text":"States","start":2355.443,"end":2355.877},{"text":"appreciates","start":2356.069,"end":2356.792},{"text":"the","start":2356.792,"end":2356.856},{"text":"opportunity","start":2356.872,"end":2357.578},{"text":"to","start":2357.771,"end":2357.867},{"text":"share","start":2357.867,"end":2358.124},{"text":"its","start":2358.252,"end":2358.413},{"text":"most","start":2358.413,"end":2358.718},{"text":"recent","start":2358.718,"end":2359.215},{"text":"activities","start":2359.279,"end":2359.905},{"text":"for","start":2360.483,"end":2360.579},{"text":"discovery","start":2360.579,"end":2361.189},{"text":"and","start":2361.285,"end":2361.446},{"text":"research","start":2361.446,"end":2361.895},{"text":"on","start":2362.088,"end":2362.264},{"text":"near-Earth","start":2362.264,"end":2362.73},{"text":"objects,","start":2362.73,"end":2363.195},{"text":"or","start":2363.629,"end":2363.725},{"text":"NEOs.","start":2363.725,"end":2364.046}]},{"text":"The NASA Planetary Defense Coordination Office leads U.S. efforts to detect, track, and study hazardous NEOs.","start":2365.474,"end":2374.141,"topics":[{"key":"neo-monitoring","label":"NEO Monitoring and Early Warning","description":"A major theme was the detection, tracking, characterization, and risk assessment of near-Earth objects using ground-based and space-based systems. Several statements highlighted early warning thresholds, impact probability updates, and the recent case of asteroid 2024 YR4."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2365.474,"end":2365.571},{"text":"NASA","start":2365.571,"end":2366.036},{"text":"Planetary","start":2366.036,"end":2366.726},{"text":"Defense","start":2366.758,"end":2367.208},{"text":"Coordination","start":2367.304,"end":2368.026},{"text":"Office","start":2368.026,"end":2368.331},{"text":"leads","start":2368.989,"end":2369.294},{"text":"U.S.","start":2369.471,"end":2369.711},{"text":"efforts","start":2369.872,"end":2370.386},{"text":"to","start":2370.674,"end":2370.771},{"text":"detect,","start":2370.771,"end":2371.332},{"text":"track,","start":2371.798,"end":2372.295},{"text":"and","start":2372.536,"end":2372.681},{"text":"study","start":2372.681,"end":2373.066},{"text":"hazardous","start":2373.323,"end":2373.708},{"text":"NEOs.","start":2373.82,"end":2374.141}]},{"text":"This office would also lead coordination of efforts by U.S. government for response to any potential impact hazard, working closely with our international partners.","start":2375.336,"end":2385.207,"topics":[{"key":"planetary-defense-cooperation","label":"Planetary Defense Cooperation","description":"Many speakers stressed that asteroid threats require coordinated international action through mechanisms such as IAWN, SMPAG, UNOOSA, and joint exercises. The discussion focused on sharing observations, aligning response procedures, and building common preparedness against impact risks."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":2375.336,"end":2375.578},{"text":"office","start":2375.578,"end":2376.015},{"text":"would","start":2376.225,"end":2376.387},{"text":"also","start":2376.387,"end":2376.791},{"text":"lead","start":2376.807,"end":2377.114},{"text":"coordination","start":2377.114,"end":2377.923},{"text":"of","start":2377.923,"end":2378.084},{"text":"efforts","start":2378.084,"end":2378.569},{"text":"by","start":2378.569,"end":2378.812},{"text":"U.S.","start":2378.812,"end":2379.022},{"text":"government","start":2379.151,"end":2379.62},{"text":"for","start":2380.024,"end":2380.202},{"text":"response","start":2380.202,"end":2380.704},{"text":"to","start":2380.704,"end":2380.817},{"text":"any","start":2380.833,"end":2381.011},{"text":"potential","start":2381.011,"end":2381.528},{"text":"impact","start":2381.577,"end":2382.045},{"text":"hazard,","start":2382.045,"end":2382.531},{"text":"working","start":2382.854,"end":2383.161},{"text":"closely","start":2383.258,"end":2383.727},{"text":"with","start":2383.905,"end":2383.97},{"text":"our","start":2383.97,"end":2384.071},{"text":"international","start":2384.088,"end":2384.749},{"text":"partners.","start":2384.834,"end":2385.207}]},{"text":"As of January of this year, international efforts led by NASA-sponsored NEO search teams have obtained a significant milestone in the search for near-Earth asteroids, having discovered over 37,000 asteroids of all sizes whose orbits could allow them to come relatively close to Earth, including more than 11,150 objects larger than 140 meters in size and over 850 that are 1 kilometer and larger.","start":2387.29,"end":2417.83,"topics":[{"key":"neo-monitoring","label":"NEO Monitoring and Early Warning","description":"A major theme was the detection, tracking, characterization, and risk assessment of near-Earth objects using ground-based and space-based systems. Several statements highlighted early warning thresholds, impact probability updates, and the recent case of asteroid 2024 YR4."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":2387.29,"end":2387.338},{"text":"of","start":2387.386,"end":2387.483},{"text":"January","start":2387.483,"end":2388.127},{"text":"of","start":2388.127,"end":2388.272},{"text":"this","start":2388.272,"end":2388.401},{"text":"year,","start":2388.513,"end":2388.642},{"text":"international","start":2389.254,"end":2389.882},{"text":"efforts","start":2389.882,"end":2390.269},{"text":"led","start":2390.607,"end":2390.784},{"text":"by","start":2390.784,"end":2390.961},{"text":"NASA-sponsored","start":2390.961,"end":2392.169},{"text":"NEO","start":2392.169,"end":2392.717},{"text":"search","start":2392.894,"end":2393.2},{"text":"teams","start":2393.2,"end":2393.57},{"text":"have","start":2393.924,"end":2394.086},{"text":"obtained","start":2394.086,"end":2394.504},{"text":"a","start":2394.504,"end":2394.52},{"text":"significant","start":2394.553,"end":2395.213},{"text":"milestone","start":2395.213,"end":2395.905},{"text":"in","start":2395.938,"end":2396.002},{"text":"the","start":2396.002,"end":2396.05},{"text":"search","start":2396.099,"end":2396.469},{"text":"for","start":2396.665,"end":2396.813},{"text":"near-Earth","start":2396.846,"end":2397.439},{"text":"asteroids,","start":2397.472,"end":2397.95},{"text":"having","start":2398.972,"end":2399.235},{"text":"discovered","start":2399.235,"end":2399.861},{"text":"over","start":2399.861,"end":2400.158},{"text":"37,000","start":2400.37,"end":2401.259},{"text":"asteroids","start":2401.275,"end":2401.792},{"text":"of","start":2401.792,"end":2401.922},{"text":"all","start":2401.922,"end":2402.051},{"text":"sizes","start":2402.116,"end":2402.714},{"text":"whose","start":2403.053,"end":2403.199},{"text":"orbits","start":2403.312,"end":2403.619},{"text":"could","start":2403.635,"end":2403.781},{"text":"allow","start":2403.781,"end":2403.991},{"text":"them","start":2404.056,"end":2404.169},{"text":"to","start":2404.282,"end":2404.379},{"text":"come","start":2404.427,"end":2404.638},{"text":"relatively","start":2404.751,"end":2405.333},{"text":"close","start":2405.397,"end":2405.688},{"text":"to","start":2405.801,"end":2405.963},{"text":"Earth,","start":2405.979,"end":2406.27},{"text":"including","start":2406.642,"end":2407.16},{"text":"more","start":2407.434,"end":2407.548},{"text":"than","start":2407.742,"end":2407.936},{"text":"11,150","start":2408.13,"end":2409.932},{"text":"objects","start":2410.014,"end":2410.615},{"text":"larger","start":2411.069,"end":2411.492},{"text":"than","start":2411.492,"end":2411.719},{"text":"140","start":2411.719,"end":2412.629},{"text":"meters","start":2412.629,"end":2413.002},{"text":"in","start":2413.116,"end":2413.197},{"text":"size","start":2413.197,"end":2413.652},{"text":"and","start":2414.399,"end":2414.48},{"text":"over","start":2414.48,"end":2414.724},{"text":"850","start":2414.74,"end":2415.682},{"text":"that","start":2415.942,"end":2416.039},{"text":"are","start":2416.039,"end":2416.121},{"text":"1","start":2416.17,"end":2416.25},{"text":"kilometer","start":2416.427,"end":2417.088},{"text":"and","start":2417.249,"end":2417.314},{"text":"larger.","start":2417.394,"end":2417.83}]},{"text":"Chair, work continues on the NASA NEO Surveyor infrared space telescope.","start":2419.651,"end":2426.235,"topics":[{"key":"neo-monitoring","label":"NEO Monitoring and Early Warning","description":"A major theme was the detection, tracking, characterization, and risk assessment of near-Earth objects using ground-based and space-based systems. Several statements highlighted early warning thresholds, impact probability updates, and the recent case of asteroid 2024 YR4."}],"words":[{"text":"Chair,","start":2419.651,"end":2420.005},{"text":"work","start":2420.86,"end":2421.263},{"text":"continues","start":2421.279,"end":2422.052},{"text":"on","start":2422.391,"end":2422.455},{"text":"the","start":2422.488,"end":2422.568},{"text":"NASA","start":2422.568,"end":2423.084},{"text":"NEO","start":2423.148,"end":2423.616},{"text":"Surveyor","start":2423.616,"end":2424.325},{"text":"infrared","start":2424.487,"end":2425.092},{"text":"space","start":2425.092,"end":2425.516},{"text":"telescope.","start":2425.647,"end":2426.235}]},{"text":"planned for launch in 2027.","start":2426.718,"end":2429.198,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"planned","start":2426.718,"end":2427.056},{"text":"for","start":2427.056,"end":2427.233},{"text":"launch","start":2427.362,"end":2427.7},{"text":"in","start":2427.781,"end":2427.829},{"text":"2027.","start":2428.006,"end":2429.198}]},{"text":"NEO Surveyor will accelerate the rate at which we are able to discover and characterize potentially hazardous NEOs by measuring the infrared emissions from them after heating by the Sun, complementing ground-based observatories.","start":2429.875,"end":2445.302,"topics":[{"key":"neo-monitoring","label":"NEO Monitoring and Early Warning","description":"A major theme was the detection, tracking, characterization, and risk assessment of near-Earth objects using ground-based and space-based systems. Several statements highlighted early warning thresholds, impact probability updates, and the recent case of asteroid 2024 YR4."}],"words":[{"text":"NEO","start":2429.875,"end":2430.181},{"text":"Surveyor","start":2430.181,"end":2431.002},{"text":"will","start":2431.002,"end":2431.163},{"text":"accelerate","start":2431.163,"end":2432.065},{"text":"the","start":2432.371,"end":2432.532},{"text":"rate","start":2432.532,"end":2432.886},{"text":"at","start":2432.919,"end":2433.08},{"text":"which","start":2433.08,"end":2433.353},{"text":"we","start":2433.353,"end":2433.482},{"text":"are","start":2433.482,"end":2433.531},{"text":"able","start":2433.579,"end":2433.756},{"text":"to","start":2433.804,"end":2433.885},{"text":"discover","start":2433.885,"end":2434.497},{"text":"and","start":2434.545,"end":2434.706},{"text":"characterize","start":2434.706,"end":2435.399},{"text":"potentially","start":2435.674,"end":2436.208},{"text":"hazardous","start":2436.954,"end":2437.342},{"text":"NEOs","start":2437.618,"end":2438.023},{"text":"by","start":2438.509,"end":2438.687},{"text":"measuring","start":2438.687,"end":2439.205},{"text":"the","start":2439.383,"end":2439.529},{"text":"infrared","start":2439.545,"end":2439.983},{"text":"emissions","start":2439.983,"end":2440.582},{"text":"from","start":2440.663,"end":2440.744},{"text":"them","start":2440.841,"end":2441.116},{"text":"after","start":2441.165,"end":2441.376},{"text":"heating","start":2441.424,"end":2441.781},{"text":"by","start":2441.91,"end":2442.137},{"text":"the","start":2442.137,"end":2442.169},{"text":"Sun,","start":2442.169,"end":2442.688},{"text":"complementing","start":2443.044,"end":2443.66},{"text":"ground-based","start":2443.66,"end":2444.398},{"text":"observatories.","start":2444.612,"end":2445.302}]},{"text":"In April of last year, NASA, in partnership with the Federal Emergency Management Agency and with assistance of the U.S.","start":2448.12,"end":2455.197,"topics":[{"key":"planetary-defense-cooperation","label":"Planetary Defense Cooperation","description":"Many speakers stressed that asteroid threats require coordinated international action through mechanisms such as IAWN, SMPAG, UNOOSA, and joint exercises. The discussion focused on sharing observations, aligning response procedures, and building common preparedness against impact risks."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":2448.12,"end":2448.217},{"text":"April","start":2448.217,"end":2448.543},{"text":"of","start":2448.543,"end":2448.624},{"text":"last","start":2448.64,"end":2448.966},{"text":"year,","start":2448.966,"end":2449.08},{"text":"NASA,","start":2449.535,"end":2450.105},{"text":"in","start":2450.333,"end":2450.382},{"text":"partnership","start":2450.496,"end":2451.228},{"text":"with","start":2451.244,"end":2451.391},{"text":"the","start":2451.391,"end":2451.472},{"text":"Federal","start":2451.472,"end":2451.96},{"text":"Emergency","start":2451.96,"end":2452.513},{"text":"Management","start":2452.546,"end":2453.116},{"text":"Agency","start":2453.116,"end":2453.653},{"text":"and","start":2453.848,"end":2453.913},{"text":"with","start":2453.994,"end":2454.385},{"text":"assistance","start":2454.16,"end":2454.662},{"text":"of","start":2454.662,"end":2454.759},{"text":"the","start":2454.759,"end":2454.905},{"text":"U.S.","start":2454.905,"end":2455.197}]},{"text":"Department of State, convened the 5th U.S.","start":2455.311,"end":2458.278,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Department","start":2455.311,"end":2455.829},{"text":"of","start":2455.829,"end":2455.91},{"text":"State,","start":2455.91,"end":2456.446},{"text":"convened","start":2456.705,"end":2457.224},{"text":"the","start":2457.272,"end":2457.305},{"text":"5th","start":2457.353,"end":2457.726},{"text":"U.S.","start":2457.986,"end":2458.278}]},{"text":"Interagency Hypothetical Asteroid Impact Tabletop Exercise.","start":2458.472,"end":2463.148,"topics":[{"key":"planetary-defense-cooperation","label":"Planetary Defense Cooperation","description":"Many speakers stressed that asteroid threats require coordinated international action through mechanisms such as IAWN, SMPAG, UNOOSA, and joint exercises. The discussion focused on sharing observations, aligning response procedures, and building common preparedness against impact risks."}],"words":[{"text":"Interagency","start":2458.472,"end":2459.104},{"text":"Hypothetical","start":2459.542,"end":2460.45},{"text":"Asteroid","start":2460.661,"end":2461.309},{"text":"Impact","start":2461.309,"end":2461.892},{"text":"Tabletop","start":2461.892,"end":2462.536},{"text":"Exercise.","start":2462.536,"end":2463.148}]},{"text":"This was the first U.S. exercise to include international participation, including the U.N.","start":2464.71,"end":2471.004,"topics":[{"key":"planetary-defense-cooperation","label":"Planetary Defense Cooperation","description":"Many speakers stressed that asteroid threats require coordinated international action through mechanisms such as IAWN, SMPAG, UNOOSA, and joint exercises. The discussion focused on sharing observations, aligning response procedures, and building common preparedness against impact risks."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":2464.71,"end":2464.838},{"text":"was","start":2465.015,"end":2465.08},{"text":"the","start":2465.176,"end":2465.257},{"text":"first","start":2465.257,"end":2465.82},{"text":"U.S.","start":2465.82,"end":2466.03},{"text":"exercise","start":2466.223,"end":2466.77},{"text":"to","start":2466.802,"end":2466.931},{"text":"include","start":2466.947,"end":2467.591},{"text":"international","start":2467.591,"end":2468.316},{"text":"participation,","start":2468.316,"end":2469.266},{"text":"including","start":2469.765,"end":2470.312},{"text":"the","start":2470.586,"end":2470.731},{"text":"U.N.","start":2470.731,"end":2471.004}]},{"text":"Office for Outer Space Affairs, the International Asteroid Warning Network, the Space Missions Planning and Advisory Group, and other national space agencies, underscoring the international nature of the NEO hazard.","start":2471.149,"end":2486.367,"topics":[{"key":"planetary-defense-cooperation","label":"Planetary Defense Cooperation","description":"Many speakers stressed that asteroid threats require coordinated international action through mechanisms such as IAWN, SMPAG, UNOOSA, and joint exercises. The discussion focused on sharing observations, aligning response procedures, and building common preparedness against impact risks."}],"words":[{"text":"Office","start":2471.149,"end":2471.503},{"text":"for","start":2471.552,"end":2471.698},{"text":"Outer","start":2471.698,"end":2471.811},{"text":"Space","start":2471.811,"end":2472.216},{"text":"Affairs,","start":2472.216,"end":2472.653},{"text":"the","start":2473.398,"end":2473.56},{"text":"International","start":2473.56,"end":2474.338},{"text":"Asteroid","start":2474.532,"end":2475.002},{"text":"Warning","start":2475.099,"end":2475.375},{"text":"Network,","start":2475.439,"end":2475.925},{"text":"the","start":2476.735,"end":2476.832},{"text":"Space","start":2476.832,"end":2477.173},{"text":"Missions","start":2477.318,"end":2477.756},{"text":"Planning","start":2477.804,"end":2478.242},{"text":"and","start":2478.679,"end":2478.744},{"text":"Advisory","start":2478.76,"end":2479.295},{"text":"Group,","start":2479.392,"end":2479.586},{"text":"and","start":2480.318,"end":2480.383},{"text":"other","start":2480.464,"end":2480.738},{"text":"national","start":2480.738,"end":2481.224},{"text":"space","start":2481.224,"end":2481.693},{"text":"agencies,","start":2481.693,"end":2482.307},{"text":"underscoring","start":2483.229,"end":2483.909},{"text":"the","start":2483.941,"end":2484.103},{"text":"international","start":2484.103,"end":2484.814},{"text":"nature","start":2484.928,"end":2485.397},{"text":"of","start":2485.477,"end":2485.542},{"text":"the","start":2485.574,"end":2485.655},{"text":"NEO","start":2485.655,"end":2485.963},{"text":"hazard.","start":2485.963,"end":2486.367}]},{"text":"These exercises inform and assess our ability as a nation to respond effectively to the threat of a potentially hazardous asteroid or comet.","start":2488.1,"end":2496.248,"topics":[{"key":"planetary-defense-cooperation","label":"Planetary Defense Cooperation","description":"Many speakers stressed that asteroid threats require coordinated international action through mechanisms such as IAWN, SMPAG, UNOOSA, and joint exercises. The discussion focused on sharing observations, aligning response procedures, and building common preparedness against impact risks."}],"words":[{"text":"These","start":2488.1,"end":2488.18},{"text":"exercises","start":2488.277,"end":2488.906},{"text":"inform","start":2488.939,"end":2489.358},{"text":"and","start":2489.358,"end":2489.439},{"text":"assess","start":2489.439,"end":2489.778},{"text":"our","start":2489.987,"end":2490.149},{"text":"ability","start":2490.149,"end":2490.681},{"text":"as","start":2490.778,"end":2490.843},{"text":"a","start":2490.875,"end":2490.891},{"text":"nation","start":2490.891,"end":2491.407},{"text":"to","start":2491.908,"end":2491.988},{"text":"respond","start":2491.988,"end":2492.488},{"text":"effectively","start":2492.488,"end":2493.102},{"text":"to","start":2493.198,"end":2493.279},{"text":"the","start":2493.279,"end":2493.376},{"text":"threat","start":2493.376,"end":2493.828},{"text":"of","start":2494.021,"end":2494.118},{"text":"a","start":2494.118,"end":2494.166},{"text":"potentially","start":2494.166,"end":2494.747},{"text":"hazardous","start":2494.747,"end":2495.183},{"text":"asteroid","start":2495.296,"end":2495.796},{"text":"or","start":2495.796,"end":2495.877},{"text":"comet.","start":2495.877,"end":2496.248}]},{"text":"They also bring together key members in planetary science and government, representatives of the International Planetary Defense community and other areas of expertise such as emergency response to explore how a global response to a future asteroid impact threat might be conducted.","start":2497.555,"end":2515.173,"topics":[{"key":"planetary-defense-cooperation","label":"Planetary Defense Cooperation","description":"Many speakers stressed that asteroid threats require coordinated international action through mechanisms such as IAWN, SMPAG, UNOOSA, and joint exercises. The discussion focused on sharing observations, aligning response procedures, and building common preparedness against impact risks."}],"words":[{"text":"They","start":2497.555,"end":2497.62},{"text":"also","start":2497.62,"end":2497.976},{"text":"bring","start":2497.976,"end":2498.171},{"text":"together","start":2498.284,"end":2498.787},{"text":"key","start":2498.787,"end":2499.111},{"text":"members","start":2499.111,"end":2499.646},{"text":"in","start":2499.987,"end":2500.035},{"text":"planetary","start":2500.084,"end":2500.505},{"text":"science","start":2500.505,"end":2501.057},{"text":"and","start":2501.057,"end":2501.186},{"text":"government,","start":2501.219,"end":2501.624},{"text":"representatives","start":2502.013,"end":2502.808},{"text":"of","start":2503.083,"end":2503.229},{"text":"the","start":2503.229,"end":2503.31},{"text":"International","start":2503.31,"end":2503.926},{"text":"Planetary","start":2504.121,"end":2504.753},{"text":"Defense","start":2504.85,"end":2505.24},{"text":"community","start":2505.296,"end":2505.765},{"text":"and","start":2506.283,"end":2506.428},{"text":"other","start":2506.428,"end":2506.671},{"text":"areas","start":2506.687,"end":2507.059},{"text":"of","start":2507.092,"end":2507.221},{"text":"expertise","start":2507.237,"end":2507.771},{"text":"such","start":2507.771,"end":2508.062},{"text":"as","start":2508.062,"end":2508.111},{"text":"emergency","start":2508.305,"end":2508.855},{"text":"response","start":2508.855,"end":2509.437},{"text":"to","start":2509.437,"end":2509.551},{"text":"explore","start":2509.599,"end":2510.182},{"text":"how","start":2510.246,"end":2510.36},{"text":"a","start":2510.424,"end":2510.57},{"text":"global","start":2510.57,"end":2510.893},{"text":"response","start":2510.893,"end":2511.541},{"text":"to","start":2511.88,"end":2511.977},{"text":"a","start":2512.026,"end":2512.042},{"text":"future","start":2512.042,"end":2512.495},{"text":"asteroid","start":2512.495,"end":2512.916},{"text":"impact","start":2512.916,"end":2513.401},{"text":"threat","start":2513.401,"end":2513.854},{"text":"might","start":2514.21,"end":2514.34},{"text":"be","start":2514.34,"end":2514.578},{"text":"conducted.","start":2514.612,"end":2515.173}]},{"text":"In September 2022, NASA's Double Asteroid Redirection Test, or DART mission, successfully demonstrated one method of asteroid deflection technology using a kinetic impactor spacecraft.","start":2517.44,"end":2531.535,"topics":[{"key":"asteroid-deflection","label":"Asteroid Deflection and Mitigation Missions","description":"Speakers discussed missions and technologies intended to understand or demonstrate how dangerous asteroids could be deflected. DART, Hera, and planned Apophis-related missions were presented as key steps in developing practical mitigation options."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":2517.44,"end":2517.472},{"text":"September","start":2517.472,"end":2518.034},{"text":"2022,","start":2518.034,"end":2518.725},{"text":"NASA's","start":2519.063,"end":2519.545},{"text":"Double","start":2519.545,"end":2519.802},{"text":"Asteroid","start":2519.866,"end":2520.509},{"text":"Redirection","start":2520.509,"end":2521.233},{"text":"Test,","start":2521.233,"end":2521.731},{"text":"or","start":2522.036,"end":2522.084},{"text":"DART","start":2522.47,"end":2522.856},{"text":"mission,","start":2522.856,"end":2523.258},{"text":"successfully","start":2523.756,"end":2524.511},{"text":"demonstrated","start":2524.64,"end":2525.267},{"text":"one","start":2525.411,"end":2525.54},{"text":"method","start":2525.668,"end":2526.215},{"text":"of","start":2526.215,"end":2526.263},{"text":"asteroid","start":2526.456,"end":2526.908},{"text":"deflection","start":2526.94,"end":2527.569},{"text":"technology","start":2527.601,"end":2528.262},{"text":"using","start":2528.875,"end":2529.181},{"text":"a","start":2529.278,"end":2529.294},{"text":"kinetic","start":2529.375,"end":2529.939},{"text":"impactor","start":2530.245,"end":2530.826},{"text":"spacecraft.","start":2530.826,"end":2531.535}]},{"text":"Marking the world's first test for planetary defense.","start":2532.129,"end":2534.887,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Marking","start":2532.129,"end":2532.481},{"text":"the","start":2532.578,"end":2532.642},{"text":"world's","start":2532.674,"end":2533.059},{"text":"first","start":2533.059,"end":2533.444},{"text":"test","start":2533.46,"end":2533.797},{"text":"for","start":2533.797,"end":2533.941},{"text":"planetary","start":2534.021,"end":2534.518},{"text":"defense.","start":2534.518,"end":2534.887}]},{"text":"Telescopes across all 7 continents were trained on DART during its impact and gathered essential data that confirmed the milestone success of the mission and serve as another powerful example of international cooperation.","start":2536.058,"end":2549.883,"topics":[{"key":"planetary-defense-cooperation","label":"Planetary Defense Cooperation","description":"Many speakers stressed that asteroid threats require coordinated international action through mechanisms such as IAWN, SMPAG, UNOOSA, and joint exercises. The discussion focused on sharing observations, aligning response procedures, and building common preparedness against impact risks."}],"words":[{"text":"Telescopes","start":2536.058,"end":2536.764},{"text":"across","start":2536.764,"end":2537.036},{"text":"all","start":2537.229,"end":2537.293},{"text":"7","start":2537.485,"end":2537.935},{"text":"continents","start":2538.031,"end":2538.576},{"text":"were","start":2538.688,"end":2538.833},{"text":"trained","start":2538.833,"end":2539.394},{"text":"on","start":2539.394,"end":2539.538},{"text":"DART","start":2539.667,"end":2540.068},{"text":"during","start":2540.292,"end":2540.485},{"text":"its","start":2540.533,"end":2540.645},{"text":"impact","start":2540.773,"end":2541.431},{"text":"and","start":2541.655,"end":2541.72},{"text":"gathered","start":2541.8,"end":2542.072},{"text":"essential","start":2542.072,"end":2542.57},{"text":"data","start":2542.698,"end":2543.115},{"text":"that","start":2543.42,"end":2543.5},{"text":"confirmed","start":2543.5,"end":2544.141},{"text":"the","start":2544.141,"end":2544.238},{"text":"milestone","start":2544.238,"end":2544.991},{"text":"success","start":2545.024,"end":2545.537},{"text":"of","start":2545.665,"end":2545.745},{"text":"the","start":2545.745,"end":2545.841},{"text":"mission","start":2545.841,"end":2546.275},{"text":"and","start":2546.291,"end":2546.371},{"text":"serve","start":2546.371,"end":2546.643},{"text":"as","start":2546.643,"end":2546.788},{"text":"another","start":2546.788,"end":2547.06},{"text":"powerful","start":2547.173,"end":2547.59},{"text":"example","start":2547.59,"end":2548.199},{"text":"of","start":2548.616,"end":2548.712},{"text":"international","start":2548.712,"end":2549.258},{"text":"cooperation.","start":2549.258,"end":2549.883}]},{"text":"Chair, the United States actively contributes to ION and SAMEPAGE.","start":2551.182,"end":2555.817,"topics":[{"key":"planetary-defense-cooperation","label":"Planetary Defense Cooperation","description":"Many speakers stressed that asteroid threats require coordinated international action through mechanisms such as IAWN, SMPAG, UNOOSA, and joint exercises. The discussion focused on sharing observations, aligning response procedures, and building common preparedness against impact risks."}],"words":[{"text":"Chair,","start":2551.182,"end":2551.391},{"text":"the","start":2551.503,"end":2551.599},{"text":"United","start":2551.599,"end":2551.904},{"text":"States","start":2551.904,"end":2552.305},{"text":"actively","start":2552.385,"end":2552.866},{"text":"contributes","start":2552.866,"end":2553.476},{"text":"to","start":2553.989,"end":2554.053},{"text":"ION","start":2554.23,"end":2554.855},{"text":"and","start":2554.967,"end":2555.096},{"text":"SAMEPAGE.","start":2555.128,"end":2555.817}]},{"text":"These groups provide a strong foundation for international cooperation among space agencies and scientific and technical institutes to detect and deal with the natural impact hazard.","start":2557.133,"end":2567.56,"topics":[{"key":"planetary-defense-cooperation","label":"Planetary Defense Cooperation","description":"Many speakers stressed that asteroid threats require coordinated international action through mechanisms such as IAWN, SMPAG, UNOOSA, and joint exercises. The discussion focused on sharing observations, aligning response procedures, and building common preparedness against impact risks."}],"words":[{"text":"These","start":2557.133,"end":2557.341},{"text":"groups","start":2557.437,"end":2557.774},{"text":"provide","start":2557.774,"end":2558.095},{"text":"a","start":2558.095,"end":2558.111},{"text":"strong","start":2558.111,"end":2558.464},{"text":"foundation","start":2558.56,"end":2559.185},{"text":"for","start":2559.202,"end":2559.378},{"text":"international","start":2559.378,"end":2559.923},{"text":"cooperation","start":2559.923,"end":2560.789},{"text":"among","start":2560.87,"end":2561.03},{"text":"space","start":2561.062,"end":2561.479},{"text":"agencies","start":2561.527,"end":2561.993},{"text":"and","start":2562.426,"end":2562.49},{"text":"scientific","start":2562.57,"end":2563.228},{"text":"and","start":2563.228,"end":2563.308},{"text":"technical","start":2563.308,"end":2563.789},{"text":"institutes","start":2563.789,"end":2564.528},{"text":"to","start":2564.832,"end":2564.929},{"text":"detect","start":2564.929,"end":2565.458},{"text":"and","start":2565.458,"end":2565.554},{"text":"deal","start":2565.554,"end":2565.811},{"text":"with","start":2565.955,"end":2566.068},{"text":"the","start":2566.1,"end":2566.132},{"text":"natural","start":2566.132,"end":2566.677},{"text":"impact","start":2566.677,"end":2567.143},{"text":"hazard.","start":2567.143,"end":2567.56}]},{"text":"As a recent example of this, what we just heard from Iwan and Samepage, NASA analysis of an estimated 40 to 90-meter near-Earth asteroid designated 2024 YR4 indicates it has more than a 1% chance of impacting Earth on December 22nd, 2032.","start":2568.667,"end":2588.381,"topics":[{"key":"neo-monitoring","label":"NEO Monitoring and Early Warning","description":"A major theme was the detection, tracking, characterization, and risk assessment of near-Earth objects using ground-based and space-based systems. Several statements highlighted early warning thresholds, impact probability updates, and the recent case of asteroid 2024 YR4."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":2568.667,"end":2568.731},{"text":"a","start":2568.763,"end":2568.827},{"text":"recent","start":2568.827,"end":2569.148},{"text":"example","start":2569.148,"end":2569.646},{"text":"of","start":2569.646,"end":2569.79},{"text":"this,","start":2569.79,"end":2570.063},{"text":"what","start":2570.769,"end":2570.897},{"text":"we","start":2570.897,"end":2570.929},{"text":"just","start":2570.929,"end":2571.17},{"text":"heard","start":2571.17,"end":2571.475},{"text":"from","start":2571.475,"end":2571.667},{"text":"Iwan","start":2571.715,"end":2572.004},{"text":"and","start":2572.036,"end":2572.116},{"text":"Samepage,","start":2572.116,"end":2572.662},{"text":"NASA","start":2573.175,"end":2573.528},{"text":"analysis","start":2573.56,"end":2574.378},{"text":"of","start":2574.378,"end":2574.459},{"text":"an","start":2574.459,"end":2574.507},{"text":"estimated","start":2574.603,"end":2575.341},{"text":"40","start":2575.341,"end":2575.71},{"text":"to","start":2575.806,"end":2575.919},{"text":"90-meter","start":2575.919,"end":2576.881},{"text":"near-Earth","start":2576.881,"end":2577.331},{"text":"asteroid","start":2577.411,"end":2577.988},{"text":"designated","start":2577.988,"end":2578.534},{"text":"2024","start":2578.71,"end":2579.545},{"text":"YR4","start":2580.074,"end":2581.037},{"text":"indicates","start":2581.438,"end":2581.983},{"text":"it","start":2581.983,"end":2582.063},{"text":"has","start":2582.063,"end":2582.208},{"text":"more","start":2582.304,"end":2582.465},{"text":"than","start":2582.465,"end":2582.561},{"text":"a","start":2582.561,"end":2582.625},{"text":"1%","start":2582.641,"end":2582.753},{"text":"chance","start":2583.267,"end":2583.684},{"text":"of","start":2583.684,"end":2583.828},{"text":"impacting","start":2583.828,"end":2584.374},{"text":"Earth","start":2584.422,"end":2584.614},{"text":"on","start":2585.128,"end":2585.176},{"text":"December","start":2585.208,"end":2585.673},{"text":"22nd,","start":2585.673,"end":2586.331},{"text":"2032.","start":2588.044,"end":2588.381}]},{"text":"In response, IAWN notified UNOOSA, who in turn disseminated a circular notifying all UN member states on January 30th, 2025.","start":2588.896,"end":2601.617,"topics":[{"key":"planetary-defense-cooperation","label":"Planetary Defense Cooperation","description":"Many speakers stressed that asteroid threats require coordinated international action through mechanisms such as IAWN, SMPAG, UNOOSA, and joint exercises. The discussion focused on sharing observations, aligning response procedures, and building common preparedness against impact risks."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":2588.896,"end":2588.976},{"text":"response,","start":2588.976,"end":2589.49},{"text":"IAWN","start":2590.165,"end":2590.76},{"text":"notified","start":2590.889,"end":2591.628},{"text":"UNOOSA,","start":2591.789,"end":2592.351},{"text":"who","start":2592.656,"end":2592.721},{"text":"in","start":2592.753,"end":2592.801},{"text":"turn","start":2592.93,"end":2593.428},{"text":"disseminated","start":2593.476,"end":2594.055},{"text":"a","start":2594.055,"end":2594.119},{"text":"circular","start":2594.119,"end":2594.778},{"text":"notifying","start":2595.083,"end":2595.694},{"text":"all","start":2595.71,"end":2595.758},{"text":"UN","start":2595.871,"end":2596.112},{"text":"member","start":2596.128,"end":2596.385},{"text":"states","start":2596.385,"end":2597.141},{"text":"on","start":2597.258,"end":2597.309},{"text":"January","start":2597.36,"end":2597.803},{"text":"30th,","start":2597.803,"end":2598.349},{"text":"2025.","start":2600.76,"end":2601.617}]},{"text":"We thank UNOOSA for its work in support of these groups, and we appreciate the UN General Assembly's adoption of the resolution declaring 2029 as the International Year of Asteroid Awareness and Planetary Defense.","start":2601.665,"end":2613.542,"topics":[{"key":"asteroid-awareness","label":"Asteroid Awareness","description":"Delegations repeatedly welcomed the designation of 2029 as the International Year of Asteroid Awareness and Planetary Defense. This topic centered on public education, outreach, scientific engagement, and using the close approach of Apophis to raise global awareness."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":2601.665,"end":2601.698},{"text":"thank","start":2601.698,"end":2601.827},{"text":"UNOOSA","start":2601.843,"end":2602.247},{"text":"for","start":2602.247,"end":2602.377},{"text":"its","start":2602.393,"end":2602.571},{"text":"work","start":2602.571,"end":2602.878},{"text":"in","start":2602.878,"end":2602.959},{"text":"support","start":2602.959,"end":2603.331},{"text":"of","start":2603.363,"end":2603.412},{"text":"these","start":2603.444,"end":2603.59},{"text":"groups,","start":2603.687,"end":2604.026},{"text":"and","start":2604.091,"end":2604.172},{"text":"we","start":2604.172,"end":2604.269},{"text":"appreciate","start":2604.269,"end":2604.867},{"text":"the","start":2604.9,"end":2605.061},{"text":"UN","start":2605.061,"end":2605.288},{"text":"General","start":2605.385,"end":2605.708},{"text":"Assembly's","start":2605.708,"end":2606.388},{"text":"adoption","start":2606.388,"end":2606.954},{"text":"of","start":2606.954,"end":2607.083},{"text":"the","start":2607.083,"end":2607.164},{"text":"resolution","start":2607.164,"end":2607.795},{"text":"declaring","start":2607.972,"end":2608.409},{"text":"2029","start":2608.474,"end":2609.654},{"text":"as","start":2609.848,"end":2609.897},{"text":"the","start":2610.01,"end":2610.172},{"text":"International","start":2610.172,"end":2610.726},{"text":"Year","start":2610.726,"end":2610.937},{"text":"of","start":2611.149,"end":2611.344},{"text":"Asteroid","start":2611.377,"end":2611.816},{"text":"Awareness","start":2611.816,"end":2612.256},{"text":"and","start":2612.435,"end":2612.5},{"text":"Planetary","start":2612.533,"end":2613.102},{"text":"Defense.","start":2613.102,"end":2613.542}]},{"text":"The close approach to Earth of the asteroid Apophis in 2029 that inspired the International Year will afford an historic opportunity both for science and for education about planetary defense efforts around the world.","start":2614.729,"end":2628.375,"topics":[{"key":"asteroid-awareness","label":"Asteroid Awareness","description":"Delegations repeatedly welcomed the designation of 2029 as the International Year of Asteroid Awareness and Planetary Defense. This topic centered on public education, outreach, scientific engagement, and using the close approach of Apophis to raise global awareness."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2614.729,"end":2614.825},{"text":"close","start":2614.825,"end":2615.147},{"text":"approach","start":2615.147,"end":2615.516},{"text":"to","start":2615.628,"end":2615.757},{"text":"Earth","start":2615.789,"end":2615.997},{"text":"of","start":2616.335,"end":2616.399},{"text":"the","start":2616.431,"end":2616.495},{"text":"asteroid","start":2616.575,"end":2616.896},{"text":"Apophis","start":2616.896,"end":2617.362},{"text":"in","start":2617.539,"end":2617.603},{"text":"2029","start":2617.635,"end":2618.502},{"text":"that","start":2618.679,"end":2618.839},{"text":"inspired","start":2618.839,"end":2619.545},{"text":"the","start":2619.545,"end":2619.61},{"text":"International","start":2619.626,"end":2620.188},{"text":"Year","start":2620.188,"end":2620.316},{"text":"will","start":2621.167,"end":2621.328},{"text":"afford","start":2621.328,"end":2621.745},{"text":"an","start":2621.745,"end":2621.793},{"text":"historic","start":2621.809,"end":2622.516},{"text":"opportunity","start":2622.516,"end":2623.222},{"text":"both","start":2623.334,"end":2623.543},{"text":"for","start":2623.575,"end":2623.72},{"text":"science","start":2623.72,"end":2624.185},{"text":"and","start":2624.538,"end":2624.635},{"text":"for","start":2624.683,"end":2624.843},{"text":"education","start":2624.843,"end":2625.55},{"text":"about","start":2626.08,"end":2626.304},{"text":"planetary","start":2626.304,"end":2626.786},{"text":"defense","start":2626.786,"end":2627.252},{"text":"efforts","start":2627.252,"end":2627.749},{"text":"around","start":2627.749,"end":2627.974},{"text":"the","start":2627.974,"end":2628.054},{"text":"world.","start":2628.054,"end":2628.375}]},{"text":"NASA's OSIRIS-APEX mission will explore Apophis after its close approach, and NASA continues to explore possible collaborations to study Apophis prior to its close approach.","start":2629.275,"end":2641.818,"topics":[{"key":"asteroid-deflection","label":"Asteroid Deflection and Mitigation Missions","description":"Speakers discussed missions and technologies intended to understand or demonstrate how dangerous asteroids could be deflected. DART, Hera, and planned Apophis-related missions were presented as key steps in developing practical mitigation options."}],"words":[{"text":"NASA's","start":2629.275,"end":2629.74},{"text":"OSIRIS-APEX","start":2629.74,"end":2631.121},{"text":"mission","start":2631.121,"end":2631.41},{"text":"will","start":2632.245,"end":2632.309},{"text":"explore","start":2632.309,"end":2632.758},{"text":"Apophis","start":2632.807,"end":2633.336},{"text":"after","start":2633.433,"end":2633.69},{"text":"its","start":2633.69,"end":2633.802},{"text":"close","start":2633.85,"end":2634.171},{"text":"approach,","start":2634.171,"end":2635.343},{"text":"and","start":2635.841,"end":2635.921},{"text":"NASA","start":2635.937,"end":2636.29},{"text":"continues","start":2636.339,"end":2636.949},{"text":"to","start":2637.045,"end":2637.141},{"text":"explore","start":2637.141,"end":2637.799},{"text":"possible","start":2637.848,"end":2638.297},{"text":"collaborations","start":2638.329,"end":2639.036},{"text":"to","start":2639.068,"end":2639.148},{"text":"study","start":2639.148,"end":2639.517},{"text":"Apophis","start":2639.533,"end":2639.999},{"text":"prior","start":2640.16,"end":2640.433},{"text":"to","start":2640.932,"end":2641.045},{"text":"its","start":2641.061,"end":2641.158},{"text":"close","start":2641.158,"end":2641.351},{"text":"approach.","start":2641.416,"end":2641.818}]},{"text":"Chair, the United States continues its efforts to detect and avoid the rare but potentially globally devastating effects of an asteroid impact.","start":2642.607,"end":2650.434,"topics":[{"key":"neo-monitoring","label":"NEO Monitoring and Early Warning","description":"A major theme was the detection, tracking, characterization, and risk assessment of near-Earth objects using ground-based and space-based systems. Several statements highlighted early warning thresholds, impact probability updates, and the recent case of asteroid 2024 YR4."}],"words":[{"text":"Chair,","start":2642.607,"end":2642.913},{"text":"the","start":2643.01,"end":2643.171},{"text":"United","start":2643.171,"end":2643.509},{"text":"States","start":2643.509,"end":2643.96},{"text":"continues","start":2643.96,"end":2644.507},{"text":"its","start":2644.556,"end":2644.765},{"text":"efforts","start":2644.765,"end":2644.99},{"text":"to","start":2645.103,"end":2645.184},{"text":"detect","start":2645.184,"end":2645.667},{"text":"and","start":2645.667,"end":2645.747},{"text":"avoid","start":2645.747,"end":2646.117},{"text":"the","start":2646.15,"end":2646.311},{"text":"rare","start":2646.311,"end":2646.649},{"text":"but","start":2646.697,"end":2646.858},{"text":"potentially","start":2646.858,"end":2647.406},{"text":"globally","start":2647.599,"end":2648.13},{"text":"devastating","start":2648.243,"end":2648.839},{"text":"effects","start":2648.871,"end":2649.354},{"text":"of","start":2649.354,"end":2649.435},{"text":"an","start":2649.435,"end":2649.483},{"text":"asteroid","start":2649.596,"end":2649.999},{"text":"impact.","start":2649.999,"end":2650.434}]},{"text":"We appreciate international cooperation to address the impact hazard from space.","start":2650.982,"end":2654.979,"topics":[{"key":"planetary-defense-cooperation","label":"Planetary Defense Cooperation","description":"Many speakers stressed that asteroid threats require coordinated international action through mechanisms such as IAWN, SMPAG, UNOOSA, and joint exercises. The discussion focused on sharing observations, aligning response procedures, and building common preparedness against impact risks."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":2650.982,"end":2651.111},{"text":"appreciate","start":2651.127,"end":2651.771},{"text":"international","start":2651.771,"end":2652.319},{"text":"cooperation","start":2652.336,"end":2653.125},{"text":"to","start":2653.158,"end":2653.287},{"text":"address","start":2653.303,"end":2653.593},{"text":"the","start":2653.706,"end":2653.802},{"text":"impact","start":2653.802,"end":2654.189},{"text":"hazard","start":2654.189,"end":2654.479},{"text":"from","start":2654.479,"end":2654.64},{"text":"space.","start":2654.673,"end":2654.979}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Chair.","start":2655.64,"end":2656.204,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":2655.64,"end":2655.817},{"text":"you,","start":2655.817,"end":2655.882},{"text":"Chair.","start":2655.898,"end":2656.204}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"USA","affiliation_full":"United States of America","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":9,"start":2657.856,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1a/k1ad4k1m9e?t=2658","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of the United States of America for the statement.","start":2657.856,"end":2662.209,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":2657.856,"end":2657.888},{"text":"thank","start":2657.936,"end":2658.114},{"text":"the","start":2658.114,"end":2658.259},{"text":"distinguished","start":2658.259,"end":2658.759},{"text":"representative","start":2658.759,"end":2659.5},{"text":"of","start":2659.5,"end":2659.613},{"text":"the","start":2659.645,"end":2659.694},{"text":"United","start":2659.71,"end":2660.097},{"text":"States","start":2660.113,"end":2660.435},{"text":"of","start":2660.435,"end":2660.532},{"text":"America","start":2660.532,"end":2661.016},{"text":"for","start":2661.016,"end":2661.225},{"text":"the","start":2661.564,"end":2661.645},{"text":"statement.","start":2661.645,"end":2662.209}]},{"text":"The next speaker on my list is the distinguished representative of Dominique, you have the floor.","start":2662.709,"end":2666.927,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2662.709,"end":2662.789},{"text":"next","start":2662.789,"end":2663.064},{"text":"speaker","start":2663.064,"end":2663.273},{"text":"on","start":2663.273,"end":2663.499},{"text":"my","start":2663.499,"end":2663.66},{"text":"list","start":2663.66,"end":2663.999},{"text":"is","start":2663.999,"end":2664.047},{"text":"the","start":2664.079,"end":2664.224},{"text":"distinguished","start":2664.241,"end":2664.789},{"text":"representative","start":2664.789,"end":2665.514},{"text":"of","start":2665.514,"end":2665.579},{"text":"Dominique,","start":2665.69,"end":2666.045},{"text":"you","start":2666.062,"end":2666.215},{"text":"have","start":2666.215,"end":2666.401},{"text":"the","start":2666.401,"end":2666.554},{"text":"floor.","start":2666.554,"end":2666.927}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"COPUOS","affiliation_full":"COPUOS","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":10,"start":2669.07,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1a/k1ad4k1m9e?t=2670","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Madam Chair, distinguished delegates.","start":2669.07,"end":2671.177,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":2669.07,"end":2669.186},{"text":"you,","start":2669.186,"end":2669.252},{"text":"Madam","start":2669.269,"end":2669.435},{"text":"Chair,","start":2669.435,"end":2669.7},{"text":"distinguished","start":2670.181,"end":2670.646},{"text":"delegates.","start":2670.679,"end":2671.177}]},{"text":"2024 was a year of significant progress for planetary defense.","start":2672.442,"end":2675.992,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"2024","start":2672.442,"end":2673.007},{"text":"was","start":2673.007,"end":2673.152},{"text":"a","start":2673.232,"end":2673.249},{"text":"year","start":2673.249,"end":2673.475},{"text":"of","start":2673.475,"end":2673.555},{"text":"significant","start":2673.555,"end":2674.168},{"text":"progress","start":2674.217,"end":2674.765},{"text":"for","start":2674.765,"end":2674.846},{"text":"planetary","start":2674.862,"end":2675.443},{"text":"defense.","start":2675.443,"end":2675.992}]},{"text":"Based on a proposal by the International Asteroid Warning Network, IAWN, and the Space Mission Planning Advisory Group, SEMPAGE, and following our discussions here at the committee, the UN General Assembly passed Resolution 7986.","start":2676.799,"end":2689.765,"topics":[{"key":"planetary-defense-cooperation","label":"Planetary Defense Cooperation","description":"Many speakers stressed that asteroid threats require coordinated international action through mechanisms such as IAWN, SMPAG, UNOOSA, and joint exercises. The discussion focused on sharing observations, aligning response procedures, and building common preparedness against impact risks."}],"words":[{"text":"Based","start":2676.799,"end":2677.105},{"text":"on","start":2677.105,"end":2677.138},{"text":"a","start":2677.138,"end":2677.267},{"text":"proposal","start":2677.267,"end":2677.961},{"text":"by","start":2677.993,"end":2678.09},{"text":"the","start":2678.09,"end":2678.251},{"text":"International","start":2678.251,"end":2678.816},{"text":"Asteroid","start":2678.88,"end":2679.364},{"text":"Warning","start":2679.364,"end":2679.671},{"text":"Network,","start":2679.703,"end":2680.107},{"text":"IAWN,","start":2680.252,"end":2680.559},{"text":"and","start":2681.156,"end":2681.22},{"text":"the","start":2681.236,"end":2681.333},{"text":"Space","start":2681.333,"end":2681.704},{"text":"Mission","start":2681.704,"end":2681.866},{"text":"Planning","start":2681.866,"end":2682.172},{"text":"Advisory","start":2682.204,"end":2682.736},{"text":"Group,","start":2682.768,"end":2683.01},{"text":"SEMPAGE,","start":2683.026,"end":2683.542},{"text":"and","start":2684.3,"end":2684.364},{"text":"following","start":2684.381,"end":2684.751},{"text":"our","start":2684.848,"end":2685.009},{"text":"discussions","start":2685.009,"end":2685.477},{"text":"here","start":2685.509,"end":2685.686},{"text":"at","start":2685.751,"end":2685.848},{"text":"the","start":2685.896,"end":2685.928},{"text":"committee,","start":2685.993,"end":2686.363},{"text":"the","start":2686.944,"end":2687.008},{"text":"UN","start":2687.041,"end":2687.282},{"text":"General","start":2687.282,"end":2687.685},{"text":"Assembly","start":2687.685,"end":2688.169},{"text":"passed","start":2688.234,"end":2688.524},{"text":"Resolution","start":2688.556,"end":2689.12},{"text":"7986.","start":2689.12,"end":2689.765}]},{"text":"This resolution establishes that 2029 will be the International Year of Asteroid Awareness and Planetary Defense, on the occasion of the close approach of asteroid Apophis in April 2029.","start":2691.22,"end":2702.717,"topics":[{"key":"asteroid-awareness","label":"Asteroid Awareness","description":"Delegations repeatedly welcomed the designation of 2029 as the International Year of Asteroid Awareness and Planetary Defense. This topic centered on public education, outreach, scientific engagement, and using the close approach of Apophis to raise global awareness."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":2691.22,"end":2691.348},{"text":"resolution","start":2691.348,"end":2691.911},{"text":"establishes","start":2691.911,"end":2692.586},{"text":"that","start":2692.698,"end":2692.923},{"text":"2029","start":2692.923,"end":2693.791},{"text":"will","start":2693.823,"end":2693.984},{"text":"be","start":2693.984,"end":2694.129},{"text":"the","start":2694.129,"end":2694.273},{"text":"International","start":2694.305,"end":2694.884},{"text":"Year","start":2694.884,"end":2695.013},{"text":"of","start":2695.029,"end":2695.238},{"text":"Asteroid","start":2695.334,"end":2695.816},{"text":"Awareness","start":2695.816,"end":2696.395},{"text":"and","start":2696.475,"end":2696.54},{"text":"Planetary","start":2696.636,"end":2697.166},{"text":"Defense,","start":2697.199,"end":2697.681},{"text":"on","start":2698.163,"end":2698.243},{"text":"the","start":2698.243,"end":2698.34},{"text":"occasion","start":2698.34,"end":2698.822},{"text":"of","start":2698.886,"end":2698.983},{"text":"the","start":2698.983,"end":2699.111},{"text":"close","start":2699.111,"end":2699.384},{"text":"approach","start":2699.384,"end":2699.931},{"text":"of","start":2699.931,"end":2700.06},{"text":"asteroid","start":2700.092,"end":2700.575},{"text":"Apophis","start":2700.575,"end":2701.106},{"text":"in","start":2701.3,"end":2701.429},{"text":"April","start":2701.461,"end":2701.815},{"text":"2029.","start":2701.864,"end":2702.717}]},{"text":"It invites member states, civil society, and many other stakeholders to conduct educational activities related to asteroids, raise awareness of their potential hazards, and engage in, in observations of near-Earth objects.","start":2703.49,"end":2717.235,"topics":[{"key":"asteroid-awareness","label":"Asteroid Awareness","description":"Delegations repeatedly welcomed the designation of 2029 as the International Year of Asteroid Awareness and Planetary Defense. This topic centered on public education, outreach, scientific engagement, and using the close approach of Apophis to raise global awareness."},{"key":"neo-monitoring","label":"NEO Monitoring and Early Warning","description":"A major theme was the detection, tracking, characterization, and risk assessment of near-Earth objects using ground-based and space-based systems. Several statements highlighted early warning thresholds, impact probability updates, and the recent case of asteroid 2024 YR4."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":2703.49,"end":2703.619},{"text":"invites","start":2703.619,"end":2704.022},{"text":"member","start":2704.022,"end":2704.28},{"text":"states,","start":2704.28,"end":2704.747},{"text":"civil","start":2704.763,"end":2705.085},{"text":"society,","start":2705.085,"end":2705.858},{"text":"and","start":2706.116,"end":2706.18},{"text":"many","start":2706.212,"end":2706.422},{"text":"other","start":2706.454,"end":2706.615},{"text":"stakeholders","start":2706.615,"end":2707.308},{"text":"to","start":2707.823,"end":2707.936},{"text":"conduct","start":2707.968,"end":2708.467},{"text":"educational","start":2708.467,"end":2709.08},{"text":"activities","start":2709.08,"end":2709.644},{"text":"related","start":2709.676,"end":2710.111},{"text":"to","start":2710.159,"end":2710.304},{"text":"asteroids,","start":2710.321,"end":2710.933},{"text":"raise","start":2711.513,"end":2711.658},{"text":"awareness","start":2711.755,"end":2712.142},{"text":"of","start":2712.239,"end":2712.303},{"text":"their","start":2712.335,"end":2712.48},{"text":"potential","start":2712.48,"end":2713.028},{"text":"hazards,","start":2713.044,"end":2713.592},{"text":"and","start":2714.189,"end":2714.253},{"text":"engage","start":2714.269,"end":2714.705},{"text":"in,","start":2714.914,"end":2715.108},{"text":"in","start":2715.478,"end":2715.607},{"text":"observations","start":2715.639,"end":2716.332},{"text":"of","start":2716.349,"end":2716.51},{"text":"near-Earth","start":2716.526,"end":2716.913},{"text":"objects.","start":2716.913,"end":2717.235}]},{"text":"These activities will help to promote a better understanding of asteroids among the general public and inspire young people to become interested in the sciences.","start":2718.138,"end":2726.784,"topics":[{"key":"asteroid-awareness","label":"Asteroid Awareness","description":"Delegations repeatedly welcomed the designation of 2029 as the International Year of Asteroid Awareness and Planetary Defense. This topic centered on public education, outreach, scientific engagement, and using the close approach of Apophis to raise global awareness."}],"words":[{"text":"These","start":2718.138,"end":2718.282},{"text":"activities","start":2718.314,"end":2718.924},{"text":"will","start":2719.02,"end":2719.18},{"text":"help","start":2719.18,"end":2719.742},{"text":"to","start":2719.742,"end":2719.886},{"text":"promote","start":2719.902,"end":2720.319},{"text":"a","start":2720.319,"end":2720.335},{"text":"better","start":2720.4,"end":2720.624},{"text":"understanding","start":2720.72,"end":2721.234},{"text":"of","start":2721.282,"end":2721.442},{"text":"asteroids","start":2721.507,"end":2721.972},{"text":"among","start":2722.004,"end":2722.325},{"text":"the","start":2722.325,"end":2722.405},{"text":"general","start":2722.405,"end":2722.774},{"text":"public","start":2722.806,"end":2723.351},{"text":"and","start":2723.688,"end":2723.752},{"text":"inspire","start":2723.785,"end":2724.202},{"text":"young","start":2724.33,"end":2724.539},{"text":"people","start":2724.571,"end":2724.94},{"text":"to","start":2725.036,"end":2725.132},{"text":"become","start":2725.132,"end":2725.565},{"text":"interested","start":2725.613,"end":2726.079},{"text":"in","start":2726.095,"end":2726.159},{"text":"the","start":2726.159,"end":2726.207},{"text":"sciences.","start":2726.239,"end":2726.784}]},{"text":"We therefore fully endorse the declaration and want to thank member states, and in particular Romania, for making this development possible.","start":2727.522,"end":2735.64,"topics":[{"key":"asteroid-awareness","label":"Asteroid Awareness","description":"Delegations repeatedly welcomed the designation of 2029 as the International Year of Asteroid Awareness and Planetary Defense. This topic centered on public education, outreach, scientific engagement, and using the close approach of Apophis to raise global awareness."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":2727.522,"end":2727.603},{"text":"therefore","start":2727.619,"end":2728.004},{"text":"fully","start":2728.004,"end":2728.341},{"text":"endorse","start":2729.143,"end":2729.544},{"text":"the","start":2729.544,"end":2729.624},{"text":"declaration","start":2729.624,"end":2730.298},{"text":"and","start":2730.41,"end":2730.474},{"text":"want","start":2730.49,"end":2730.667},{"text":"to","start":2730.667,"end":2730.795},{"text":"thank","start":2730.827,"end":2731.068},{"text":"member","start":2731.068,"end":2731.324},{"text":"states,","start":2731.324,"end":2731.854},{"text":"and","start":2732.175,"end":2732.239},{"text":"in","start":2732.255,"end":2732.319},{"text":"particular","start":2732.351,"end":2732.929},{"text":"Romania,","start":2732.977,"end":2733.57},{"text":"for","start":2734.02,"end":2734.1},{"text":"making","start":2734.1,"end":2734.405},{"text":"this","start":2734.437,"end":2734.597},{"text":"development","start":2734.597,"end":2735.078},{"text":"possible.","start":2735.078,"end":2735.64}]},{"text":"We look forward to preparing national activities in advance of the International Year and to exchanging information with other delegations on their own preparations.","start":2736.121,"end":2743.789,"topics":[{"key":"asteroid-awareness","label":"Asteroid Awareness","description":"Delegations repeatedly welcomed the designation of 2029 as the International Year of Asteroid Awareness and Planetary Defense. This topic centered on public education, outreach, scientific engagement, and using the close approach of Apophis to raise global awareness."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":2736.121,"end":2736.201},{"text":"look","start":2736.201,"end":2736.298},{"text":"forward","start":2736.298,"end":2736.618},{"text":"to","start":2736.667,"end":2736.763},{"text":"preparing","start":2736.827,"end":2737.212},{"text":"national","start":2737.324,"end":2737.709},{"text":"activities","start":2737.709,"end":2738.335},{"text":"in","start":2738.367,"end":2738.511},{"text":"advance","start":2738.511,"end":2738.928},{"text":"of","start":2738.928,"end":2739.025},{"text":"the","start":2739.025,"end":2739.089},{"text":"International","start":2739.089,"end":2739.715},{"text":"Year","start":2739.715,"end":2740.067},{"text":"and","start":2740.372,"end":2740.436},{"text":"to","start":2740.517,"end":2740.613},{"text":"exchanging","start":2740.613,"end":2741.094},{"text":"information","start":2741.174,"end":2741.72},{"text":"with","start":2741.72,"end":2741.96},{"text":"other","start":2741.96,"end":2742.121},{"text":"delegations","start":2742.121,"end":2742.747},{"text":"on","start":2742.859,"end":2742.939},{"text":"their","start":2742.939,"end":2743.244},{"text":"own","start":2743.244,"end":2743.308},{"text":"preparations.","start":2743.404,"end":2743.789}]},{"text":"2024 was also a year of scientific progress in our understanding of asteroids and in the development of mitigation strategies to prevent an impact on the Earth of a near-Earth object.","start":2746.295,"end":2756.752,"topics":[{"key":"asteroid-deflection","label":"Asteroid Deflection and Mitigation Missions","description":"Speakers discussed missions and technologies intended to understand or demonstrate how dangerous asteroids could be deflected. DART, Hera, and planned Apophis-related missions were presented as key steps in developing practical mitigation options."}],"words":[{"text":"2024","start":2746.295,"end":2747.098},{"text":"was","start":2747.098,"end":2747.243},{"text":"also","start":2747.339,"end":2747.58},{"text":"a","start":2747.58,"end":2747.66},{"text":"year","start":2747.66,"end":2747.821},{"text":"of","start":2747.821,"end":2747.885},{"text":"scientific","start":2747.901,"end":2748.544},{"text":"progress","start":2748.544,"end":2748.929},{"text":"in","start":2749.202,"end":2749.331},{"text":"our","start":2749.363,"end":2749.524},{"text":"understanding","start":2749.524,"end":2750.102},{"text":"of","start":2750.102,"end":2750.214},{"text":"asteroids","start":2750.327,"end":2750.969},{"text":"and","start":2751.066,"end":2751.21},{"text":"in","start":2751.21,"end":2751.355},{"text":"the","start":2751.355,"end":2751.451},{"text":"development","start":2751.451,"end":2752.174},{"text":"of","start":2752.19,"end":2752.27},{"text":"mitigation","start":2752.335,"end":2752.897},{"text":"strategies","start":2752.897,"end":2753.507},{"text":"to","start":2754.005,"end":2754.085},{"text":"prevent","start":2754.085,"end":2754.439},{"text":"an","start":2754.439,"end":2754.519},{"text":"impact","start":2754.583,"end":2755.049},{"text":"on","start":2755.049,"end":2755.081},{"text":"the","start":2755.081,"end":2755.226},{"text":"Earth","start":2755.226,"end":2755.515},{"text":"of","start":2755.628,"end":2755.772},{"text":"a","start":2755.772,"end":2755.804},{"text":"near-Earth","start":2755.804,"end":2756.254},{"text":"object.","start":2756.334,"end":2756.752}]},{"text":"On the 7th of October, the European Space Agency's Hera probe was successfully launched and sent on its journey to the Didymos and Dimorphos binary asteroid system.","start":2757.555,"end":2768.365,"topics":[{"key":"asteroid-deflection","label":"Asteroid Deflection and Mitigation Missions","description":"Speakers discussed missions and technologies intended to understand or demonstrate how dangerous asteroids could be deflected. DART, Hera, and planned Apophis-related missions were presented as key steps in developing practical mitigation options."}],"words":[{"text":"On","start":2757.555,"end":2757.603},{"text":"the","start":2757.635,"end":2757.667},{"text":"7th","start":2757.716,"end":2758.053},{"text":"of","start":2758.117,"end":2758.214},{"text":"October,","start":2758.278,"end":2758.904},{"text":"the","start":2759.386,"end":2759.547},{"text":"European","start":2759.547,"end":2759.932},{"text":"Space","start":2759.964,"end":2760.35},{"text":"Agency's","start":2760.35,"end":2760.864},{"text":"Hera","start":2760.928,"end":2761.33},{"text":"probe","start":2761.33,"end":2761.731},{"text":"was","start":2761.731,"end":2761.844},{"text":"successfully","start":2761.844,"end":2762.535},{"text":"launched","start":2762.599,"end":2763.065},{"text":"and","start":2763.418,"end":2763.482},{"text":"sent","start":2763.498,"end":2763.82},{"text":"on","start":2763.82,"end":2763.916},{"text":"its","start":2763.916,"end":2764.125},{"text":"journey","start":2764.125,"end":2764.51},{"text":"to","start":2764.542,"end":2764.671},{"text":"the","start":2764.703,"end":2764.783},{"text":"Didymos","start":2765.49,"end":2765.956},{"text":"and","start":2766.068,"end":2766.133},{"text":"Dimorphos","start":2766.229,"end":2766.888},{"text":"binary","start":2767.032,"end":2767.482},{"text":"asteroid","start":2767.578,"end":2767.964},{"text":"system.","start":2767.996,"end":2768.365}]},{"text":"Hera follows on from NASA's DART mission, which impacted Dimorphos in 2022 and aims to investigate the changes in its dynamical and physical characteristics, such as in the orbital period, shape, and mass of the asteroid, in order to gain a better understanding of options and methods for the deflection of dangerous asteroids.","start":2769.185,"end":2790.568,"topics":[{"key":"asteroid-deflection","label":"Asteroid Deflection and Mitigation Missions","description":"Speakers discussed missions and technologies intended to understand or demonstrate how dangerous asteroids could be deflected. DART, Hera, and planned Apophis-related missions were presented as key steps in developing practical mitigation options."}],"words":[{"text":"Hera","start":2769.185,"end":2769.683},{"text":"follows","start":2769.683,"end":2770.132},{"text":"on","start":2770.309,"end":2770.454},{"text":"from","start":2770.486,"end":2770.694},{"text":"NASA's","start":2770.807,"end":2771.289},{"text":"DART","start":2771.289,"end":2771.674},{"text":"mission,","start":2771.674,"end":2771.899},{"text":"which","start":2772.492,"end":2772.62},{"text":"impacted","start":2772.669,"end":2773.197},{"text":"Dimorphos","start":2773.197,"end":2773.822},{"text":"in","start":2774.255,"end":2774.383},{"text":"2022","start":2774.495,"end":2775.329},{"text":"and","start":2776.002,"end":2776.082},{"text":"aims","start":2776.178,"end":2776.386},{"text":"to","start":2776.418,"end":2776.579},{"text":"investigate","start":2776.579,"end":2777.22},{"text":"the","start":2777.22,"end":2777.3},{"text":"changes","start":2777.364,"end":2777.828},{"text":"in","start":2777.941,"end":2778.037},{"text":"its","start":2778.037,"end":2778.261},{"text":"dynamical","start":2778.261,"end":2778.998},{"text":"and","start":2779.046,"end":2779.143},{"text":"physical","start":2779.143,"end":2779.591},{"text":"characteristics,","start":2779.623,"end":2780.585},{"text":"such","start":2780.969,"end":2781.114},{"text":"as","start":2781.21,"end":2781.274},{"text":"in","start":2781.386,"end":2781.466},{"text":"the","start":2781.466,"end":2781.594},{"text":"orbital","start":2781.61,"end":2781.915},{"text":"period,","start":2782.027,"end":2782.476},{"text":"shape,","start":2782.828,"end":2783.229},{"text":"and","start":2783.293,"end":2783.373},{"text":"mass","start":2783.453,"end":2783.742},{"text":"of","start":2783.774,"end":2783.918},{"text":"the","start":2783.934,"end":2784.078},{"text":"asteroid,","start":2784.094,"end":2784.719},{"text":"in","start":2785.312,"end":2785.36},{"text":"order","start":2785.472,"end":2785.648},{"text":"to","start":2785.713,"end":2785.809},{"text":"gain","start":2785.873,"end":2786.049},{"text":"a","start":2786.049,"end":2786.193},{"text":"better","start":2786.193,"end":2786.482},{"text":"understanding","start":2786.514,"end":2787.059},{"text":"of","start":2787.139,"end":2787.283},{"text":"options","start":2787.315,"end":2787.684},{"text":"and","start":2787.796,"end":2787.876},{"text":"methods","start":2787.876,"end":2788.357},{"text":"for","start":2788.421,"end":2788.533},{"text":"the","start":2788.533,"end":2788.661},{"text":"deflection","start":2788.677,"end":2789.254},{"text":"of","start":2789.334,"end":2789.446},{"text":"dangerous","start":2789.478,"end":2789.847},{"text":"asteroids.","start":2790.023,"end":2790.568}]},{"text":"Germany is the largest contributor to the mission, and multiple German institutions have participated in the development of the space spacecraft and its scientific payloads.","start":2791.321,"end":2799.705,"topics":[{"key":"asteroid-deflection","label":"Asteroid Deflection and Mitigation Missions","description":"Speakers discussed missions and technologies intended to understand or demonstrate how dangerous asteroids could be deflected. DART, Hera, and planned Apophis-related missions were presented as key steps in developing practical mitigation options."}],"words":[{"text":"Germany","start":2791.321,"end":2791.706},{"text":"is","start":2791.706,"end":2791.77},{"text":"the","start":2791.786,"end":2791.882},{"text":"largest","start":2791.882,"end":2792.283},{"text":"contributor","start":2792.283,"end":2792.988},{"text":"to","start":2792.988,"end":2793.084},{"text":"the","start":2793.084,"end":2793.18},{"text":"mission,","start":2793.18,"end":2793.565},{"text":"and","start":2794.029,"end":2794.126},{"text":"multiple","start":2794.126,"end":2794.526},{"text":"German","start":2794.526,"end":2794.847},{"text":"institutions","start":2794.847,"end":2795.536},{"text":"have","start":2795.632,"end":2795.712},{"text":"participated","start":2795.792,"end":2796.625},{"text":"in","start":2796.754,"end":2796.834},{"text":"the","start":2796.834,"end":2796.914},{"text":"development","start":2796.93,"end":2797.491},{"text":"of","start":2797.491,"end":2797.587},{"text":"the","start":2797.587,"end":2797.667},{"text":"space","start":2797.667,"end":2798.26},{"text":"spacecraft","start":2798.02,"end":2798.357},{"text":"and","start":2798.373,"end":2798.437},{"text":"its","start":2798.533,"end":2798.678},{"text":"scientific","start":2798.678,"end":2799.256},{"text":"payloads.","start":2799.256,"end":2799.705}]},{"text":"The spacecraft itself was developed and built by OHB in Bremen.","start":2800.444,"end":2804.362,"topics":[{"key":"asteroid-deflection","label":"Asteroid Deflection and Mitigation Missions","description":"Speakers discussed missions and technologies intended to understand or demonstrate how dangerous asteroids could be deflected. DART, Hera, and planned Apophis-related missions were presented as key steps in developing practical mitigation options."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2800.444,"end":2800.476},{"text":"spacecraft","start":2800.476,"end":2801.118},{"text":"itself","start":2801.118,"end":2801.664},{"text":"was","start":2801.905,"end":2802.034},{"text":"developed","start":2802.082,"end":2802.547},{"text":"and","start":2802.547,"end":2802.772},{"text":"built","start":2802.772,"end":2803.013},{"text":"by","start":2803.013,"end":2803.174},{"text":"OHB","start":2803.254,"end":2803.655},{"text":"in","start":2803.655,"end":2803.88},{"text":"Bremen.","start":2803.993,"end":2804.362}]},{"text":"A newly developed antenna made of carbon fiber reinforced materials was produced by Munich-based company HPS, while the 2 asteroid framing cameras are from Jena-based company Jena Optronik.","start":2805.197,"end":2817.978,"topics":[{"key":"asteroid-deflection","label":"Asteroid Deflection and Mitigation Missions","description":"Speakers discussed missions and technologies intended to understand or demonstrate how dangerous asteroids could be deflected. DART, Hera, and planned Apophis-related missions were presented as key steps in developing practical mitigation options."}],"words":[{"text":"A","start":2805.197,"end":2805.213},{"text":"newly","start":2805.213,"end":2805.646},{"text":"developed","start":2805.679,"end":2806.16},{"text":"antenna","start":2806.16,"end":2806.642},{"text":"made","start":2806.642,"end":2806.947},{"text":"of","start":2806.947,"end":2807.011},{"text":"carbon","start":2807.108,"end":2807.413},{"text":"fiber","start":2807.509,"end":2808.007},{"text":"reinforced","start":2808.007,"end":2808.649},{"text":"materials","start":2808.649,"end":2809.339},{"text":"was","start":2809.757,"end":2809.901},{"text":"produced","start":2809.934,"end":2810.415},{"text":"by","start":2810.415,"end":2810.56},{"text":"Munich-based","start":2810.64,"end":2811.298},{"text":"company","start":2811.298,"end":2811.748},{"text":"HPS,","start":2811.925,"end":2812.599},{"text":"while","start":2813.45,"end":2813.546},{"text":"the","start":2813.546,"end":2813.627},{"text":"2","start":2813.707,"end":2813.835},{"text":"asteroid","start":2813.948,"end":2814.397},{"text":"framing","start":2814.413,"end":2814.799},{"text":"cameras","start":2814.831,"end":2815.329},{"text":"are","start":2815.473,"end":2815.601},{"text":"from","start":2815.618,"end":2815.746},{"text":"Jena-based","start":2815.858,"end":2816.501},{"text":"company","start":2816.501,"end":2816.966},{"text":"Jena","start":2817.159,"end":2817.384},{"text":"Optronik.","start":2817.384,"end":2817.978}]},{"text":"The Dresden University of Technology is heavily involved in the development of the radar experiment on Juventus, a CubeSat carried by Hera that will observe Dimorphos at a close range and ultimately attempt to land on it in the final phase of the mission to measure its surface characteristics, interior structure, and gravitational field.","start":2818.829,"end":2839.865,"topics":[{"key":"asteroid-deflection","label":"Asteroid Deflection and Mitigation Missions","description":"Speakers discussed missions and technologies intended to understand or demonstrate how dangerous asteroids could be deflected. DART, Hera, and planned Apophis-related missions were presented as key steps in developing practical mitigation options."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2818.829,"end":2818.909},{"text":"Dresden","start":2818.925,"end":2819.407},{"text":"University","start":2819.407,"end":2820.049},{"text":"of","start":2820.049,"end":2820.194},{"text":"Technology","start":2820.194,"end":2820.82},{"text":"is","start":2820.852,"end":2820.98},{"text":"heavily","start":2821.077,"end":2821.382},{"text":"involved","start":2821.398,"end":2821.831},{"text":"in","start":2821.831,"end":2821.96},{"text":"the","start":2821.96,"end":2822.04},{"text":"development","start":2822.04,"end":2822.618},{"text":"of","start":2822.618,"end":2822.763},{"text":"the","start":2822.763,"end":2822.843},{"text":"radar","start":2822.859,"end":2823.26},{"text":"experiment","start":2823.646,"end":2824.464},{"text":"on","start":2824.464,"end":2824.608},{"text":"Juventus,","start":2824.608,"end":2825.266},{"text":"a","start":2825.683,"end":2825.699},{"text":"CubeSat","start":2825.811,"end":2826.453},{"text":"carried","start":2826.453,"end":2826.838},{"text":"by","start":2826.87,"end":2826.983},{"text":"Hera","start":2827.031,"end":2827.432},{"text":"that","start":2827.432,"end":2827.608},{"text":"will","start":2827.656,"end":2827.753},{"text":"observe","start":2827.753,"end":2828.282},{"text":"Dimorphos","start":2828.314,"end":2828.924},{"text":"at","start":2829.517,"end":2829.597},{"text":"a","start":2829.597,"end":2829.678},{"text":"close","start":2829.678,"end":2830.063},{"text":"range","start":2830.063,"end":2830.367},{"text":"and","start":2830.865,"end":2830.929},{"text":"ultimately","start":2831.041,"end":2831.571},{"text":"attempt","start":2831.587,"end":2831.924},{"text":"to","start":2831.924,"end":2832.068},{"text":"land","start":2832.068,"end":2832.389},{"text":"on","start":2832.389,"end":2832.501},{"text":"it","start":2832.629,"end":2832.774},{"text":"in","start":2832.886,"end":2832.934},{"text":"the","start":2832.966,"end":2833.047},{"text":"final","start":2833.047,"end":2833.367},{"text":"phase","start":2833.367,"end":2833.656},{"text":"of","start":2833.688,"end":2833.833},{"text":"the","start":2833.833,"end":2833.897},{"text":"mission","start":2833.897,"end":2834.202},{"text":"to","start":2834.731,"end":2834.875},{"text":"measure","start":2834.875,"end":2835.212},{"text":"its","start":2835.212,"end":2835.357},{"text":"surface","start":2835.357,"end":2835.742},{"text":"characteristics,","start":2835.838,"end":2836.816},{"text":"interior","start":2837.137,"end":2837.635},{"text":"structure,","start":2837.635,"end":2838.276},{"text":"and","start":2838.661,"end":2838.726},{"text":"gravitational","start":2838.742,"end":2839.463},{"text":"field.","start":2839.463,"end":2839.865}]},{"text":"The German Aerospace Center DLR is involved in terms of science through its Microgravity User Support Center in Cologne and the DLR Institute of Planetary Research in Berlin.","start":2840.586,"end":2851.948,"topics":[{"key":"asteroid-deflection","label":"Asteroid Deflection and Mitigation Missions","description":"Speakers discussed missions and technologies intended to understand or demonstrate how dangerous asteroids could be deflected. DART, Hera, and planned Apophis-related missions were presented as key steps in developing practical mitigation options."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2840.586,"end":2840.683},{"text":"German","start":2840.731,"end":2840.971},{"text":"Aerospace","start":2841.068,"end":2841.501},{"text":"Center","start":2841.549,"end":2841.87},{"text":"DLR","start":2841.87,"end":2842.303},{"text":"is","start":2842.608,"end":2842.72},{"text":"involved","start":2842.752,"end":2843.249},{"text":"in","start":2843.249,"end":2843.362},{"text":"terms","start":2843.394,"end":2843.683},{"text":"of","start":2843.731,"end":2843.811},{"text":"science","start":2843.859,"end":2844.324},{"text":"through","start":2844.822,"end":2845.062},{"text":"its","start":2845.255,"end":2845.495},{"text":"Microgravity","start":2845.624,"end":2846.49},{"text":"User","start":2846.522,"end":2846.779},{"text":"Support","start":2846.779,"end":2847.308},{"text":"Center","start":2847.308,"end":2847.645},{"text":"in","start":2847.645,"end":2847.773},{"text":"Cologne","start":2847.805,"end":2848.223},{"text":"and","start":2848.848,"end":2848.912},{"text":"the","start":2848.993,"end":2849.073},{"text":"DLR","start":2849.089,"end":2849.586},{"text":"Institute","start":2849.586,"end":2850.035},{"text":"of","start":2850.035,"end":2851.992},{"text":"Planetary","start":2850.212,"end":2850.855},{"text":"Research","start":2850.919,"end":2851.434},{"text":"in","start":2851.434,"end":2851.546},{"text":"Berlin.","start":2851.578,"end":2851.948}]},{"text":"With several space agencies involved, such as JAXA, NASA, ESA, and European national space agencies, the mission is also a great example of the value of international cooperation in space science and exploration.","start":2852.864,"end":2865.721,"topics":[{"key":"planetary-defense-cooperation","label":"Planetary Defense Cooperation","description":"Many speakers stressed that asteroid threats require coordinated international action through mechanisms such as IAWN, SMPAG, UNOOSA, and joint exercises. The discussion focused on sharing observations, aligning response procedures, and building common preparedness against impact risks."}],"words":[{"text":"With","start":2852.864,"end":2853.009},{"text":"several","start":2853.009,"end":2853.443},{"text":"space","start":2853.443,"end":2853.813},{"text":"agencies","start":2853.813,"end":2854.279},{"text":"involved,","start":2854.327,"end":2854.874},{"text":"such","start":2854.89,"end":2855.082},{"text":"as","start":2855.179,"end":2855.243},{"text":"JAXA,","start":2855.42,"end":2855.95},{"text":"NASA,","start":2856.176,"end":2856.674},{"text":"ESA,","start":2856.947,"end":2857.236},{"text":"and","start":2857.365,"end":2857.429},{"text":"European","start":2857.51,"end":2857.976},{"text":"national","start":2858.072,"end":2858.426},{"text":"space","start":2858.426,"end":2858.812},{"text":"agencies,","start":2858.812,"end":2859.342},{"text":"the","start":2860.017,"end":2860.097},{"text":"mission","start":2860.097,"end":2860.418},{"text":"is","start":2860.418,"end":2860.467},{"text":"also","start":2860.579,"end":2860.772},{"text":"a","start":2860.804,"end":2860.884},{"text":"great","start":2860.884,"end":2861.142},{"text":"example","start":2861.142,"end":2861.704},{"text":"of","start":2861.704,"end":2861.8},{"text":"the","start":2861.8,"end":2861.929},{"text":"value","start":2861.929,"end":2862.186},{"text":"of","start":2862.25,"end":2862.315},{"text":"international","start":2862.427,"end":2863.038},{"text":"cooperation","start":2863.054,"end":2863.809},{"text":"in","start":2864.195,"end":2864.275},{"text":"space","start":2864.275,"end":2864.516},{"text":"science","start":2864.516,"end":2864.918},{"text":"and","start":2864.918,"end":2865.078},{"text":"exploration.","start":2865.078,"end":2865.721}]},{"text":"We look forward to the arrival of Hera at the asteroid system in 2026 and the resulting scientific return and valuable insights.","start":2866.444,"end":2874.488,"topics":[{"key":"asteroid-deflection","label":"Asteroid Deflection and Mitigation Missions","description":"Speakers discussed missions and technologies intended to understand or demonstrate how dangerous asteroids could be deflected. DART, Hera, and planned Apophis-related missions were presented as key steps in developing practical mitigation options."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":2866.444,"end":2866.524},{"text":"look","start":2866.524,"end":2866.765},{"text":"forward","start":2866.765,"end":2867.135},{"text":"to","start":2867.167,"end":2867.264},{"text":"the","start":2867.264,"end":2867.408},{"text":"arrival","start":2867.408,"end":2867.89},{"text":"of","start":2867.89,"end":2868.115},{"text":"Hera","start":2868.18,"end":2868.538},{"text":"at","start":2868.538,"end":2868.62},{"text":"the","start":2868.62,"end":2868.766},{"text":"asteroid","start":2868.783,"end":2869.255},{"text":"system","start":2869.255,"end":2869.598},{"text":"in","start":2869.598,"end":2869.646},{"text":"2026","start":2869.679,"end":2870.771},{"text":"and","start":2871.228,"end":2871.293},{"text":"the","start":2871.325,"end":2871.439},{"text":"resulting","start":2871.456,"end":2872.01},{"text":"scientific","start":2872.124,"end":2872.776},{"text":"return","start":2872.776,"end":2873.314},{"text":"and","start":2873.347,"end":2873.412},{"text":"valuable","start":2873.51,"end":2873.917},{"text":"insights.","start":2873.917,"end":2874.488}]},{"text":"Madam Chair, this year CEMPEG has also conducted the first exercise to establish processes for planetary defense.","start":2876.303,"end":2883.071,"topics":[{"key":"planetary-defense-cooperation","label":"Planetary Defense Cooperation","description":"Many speakers stressed that asteroid threats require coordinated international action through mechanisms such as IAWN, SMPAG, UNOOSA, and joint exercises. The discussion focused on sharing observations, aligning response procedures, and building common preparedness against impact risks."}],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":2876.303,"end":2876.512},{"text":"Chair,","start":2876.544,"end":2876.736},{"text":"this","start":2877.586,"end":2877.698},{"text":"year","start":2877.81,"end":2877.923},{"text":"CEMPEG","start":2878.003,"end":2878.484},{"text":"has","start":2878.532,"end":2878.725},{"text":"also","start":2878.725,"end":2878.949},{"text":"conducted","start":2878.949,"end":2879.494},{"text":"the","start":2879.494,"end":2879.542},{"text":"first","start":2879.575,"end":2879.895},{"text":"exercise","start":2879.911,"end":2880.441},{"text":"to","start":2880.537,"end":2880.633},{"text":"establish","start":2880.633,"end":2881.13},{"text":"processes","start":2881.178,"end":2881.723},{"text":"for","start":2881.82,"end":2881.98},{"text":"planetary","start":2881.98,"end":2882.557},{"text":"defense.","start":2882.557,"end":2883.071}]},{"text":"During this exercise, CEMPEG also took stock of the national processes for asteroid deflection.","start":2883.92,"end":2889.341,"topics":[{"key":"asteroid-deflection","label":"Asteroid Deflection and Mitigation Missions","description":"Speakers discussed missions and technologies intended to understand or demonstrate how dangerous asteroids could be deflected. DART, Hera, and planned Apophis-related missions were presented as key steps in developing practical mitigation options."}],"words":[{"text":"During","start":2883.92,"end":2884.049},{"text":"this","start":2884.145,"end":2884.402},{"text":"exercise,","start":2884.402,"end":2885.011},{"text":"CEMPEG","start":2885.268,"end":2885.62},{"text":"also","start":2885.909,"end":2886.101},{"text":"took","start":2886.15,"end":2886.278},{"text":"stock","start":2886.31,"end":2886.663},{"text":"of","start":2886.727,"end":2886.807},{"text":"the","start":2886.807,"end":2886.903},{"text":"national","start":2886.903,"end":2887.24},{"text":"processes","start":2887.352,"end":2887.898},{"text":"for","start":2887.994,"end":2888.266},{"text":"asteroid","start":2888.411,"end":2888.876},{"text":"deflection.","start":2888.876,"end":2889.341}]},{"text":"CEMPEG showed areas where more work needs to be done at national and international levels in order to develop recommendations on the mitigation of an asteroid threat.","start":2890.175,"end":2899.38,"topics":[{"key":"planetary-defense-cooperation","label":"Planetary Defense Cooperation","description":"Many speakers stressed that asteroid threats require coordinated international action through mechanisms such as IAWN, SMPAG, UNOOSA, and joint exercises. The discussion focused on sharing observations, aligning response procedures, and building common preparedness against impact risks."},{"key":"asteroid-deflection","label":"Asteroid Deflection and Mitigation Missions","description":"Speakers discussed missions and technologies intended to understand or demonstrate how dangerous asteroids could be deflected. DART, Hera, and planned Apophis-related missions were presented as key steps in developing practical mitigation options."}],"words":[{"text":"CEMPEG","start":2890.175,"end":2890.512},{"text":"showed","start":2890.576,"end":2891.057},{"text":"areas","start":2891.057,"end":2891.394},{"text":"where","start":2891.522,"end":2891.618},{"text":"more","start":2891.618,"end":2891.955},{"text":"work","start":2892.003,"end":2892.276},{"text":"needs","start":2892.34,"end":2892.468},{"text":"to","start":2892.564,"end":2892.66},{"text":"be","start":2892.66,"end":2892.741},{"text":"done","start":2892.741,"end":2892.949},{"text":"at","start":2893.142,"end":2893.286},{"text":"national","start":2893.286,"end":2893.863},{"text":"and","start":2893.863,"end":2894.024},{"text":"international","start":2894.024,"end":2894.665},{"text":"levels","start":2894.665,"end":2895.082},{"text":"in","start":2895.547,"end":2895.675},{"text":"order","start":2895.707,"end":2895.868},{"text":"to","start":2895.932,"end":2896.044},{"text":"develop","start":2896.092,"end":2896.493},{"text":"recommendations","start":2896.493,"end":2897.359},{"text":"on","start":2897.536,"end":2897.6},{"text":"the","start":2897.616,"end":2897.664},{"text":"mitigation","start":2897.664,"end":2898.289},{"text":"of","start":2898.353,"end":2898.45},{"text":"an","start":2898.45,"end":2898.562},{"text":"asteroid","start":2898.658,"end":2899.043},{"text":"threat.","start":2899.139,"end":2899.38}]},{"text":"The results of the exercise will be laid out in Conference Room Paper 6.","start":2900.278,"end":2903.885,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2900.278,"end":2900.358},{"text":"results","start":2900.358,"end":2900.855},{"text":"of","start":2900.855,"end":2900.967},{"text":"the","start":2900.984,"end":2901.08},{"text":"exercise","start":2901.08,"end":2901.689},{"text":"will","start":2901.785,"end":2901.914},{"text":"be","start":2901.882,"end":2902.026},{"text":"laid","start":2902.026,"end":2902.266},{"text":"out","start":2902.266,"end":2902.442},{"text":"in","start":2902.442,"end":2902.49},{"text":"Conference","start":2902.522,"end":2902.987},{"text":"Room","start":2902.987,"end":2903.083},{"text":"Paper","start":2903.083,"end":2903.404},{"text":"6.","start":2903.404,"end":2903.885}]},{"text":"The meetings of ION and CENPAGE this year were also very timely, given the recent detection of Asteroid 2024 YR4, which at the moment has a higher than 1% chance of impacting the Earth in 2032, and which has therefore triggered the first official warning and stimulated active discussions at CENPAGE.","start":2904.926,"end":2923.882,"topics":[{"key":"neo-monitoring","label":"NEO Monitoring and Early Warning","description":"A major theme was the detection, tracking, characterization, and risk assessment of near-Earth objects using ground-based and space-based systems. Several statements highlighted early warning thresholds, impact probability updates, and the recent case of asteroid 2024 YR4."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2904.926,"end":2905.006},{"text":"meetings","start":2905.006,"end":2905.375},{"text":"of","start":2905.471,"end":2905.615},{"text":"ION","start":2905.711,"end":2905.936},{"text":"and","start":2905.984,"end":2906.112},{"text":"CENPAGE","start":2906.112,"end":2906.496},{"text":"this","start":2906.528,"end":2906.657},{"text":"year","start":2906.753,"end":2906.881},{"text":"were","start":2906.993,"end":2907.153},{"text":"also","start":2907.153,"end":2907.362},{"text":"very","start":2907.41,"end":2907.618},{"text":"timely,","start":2907.65,"end":2908.099},{"text":"given","start":2908.756,"end":2908.996},{"text":"the","start":2908.996,"end":2909.076},{"text":"recent","start":2909.092,"end":2909.477},{"text":"detection","start":2909.477,"end":2910.07},{"text":"of","start":2910.134,"end":2910.262},{"text":"Asteroid","start":2910.358,"end":2910.823},{"text":"2024","start":2910.855,"end":2912.121},{"text":"YR4,","start":2912.601,"end":2912.65},{"text":"which","start":2913.403,"end":2913.579},{"text":"at","start":2913.579,"end":2913.659},{"text":"the","start":2913.659,"end":2913.739},{"text":"moment","start":2913.739,"end":2914.14},{"text":"has","start":2914.14,"end":2914.316},{"text":"a","start":2914.364,"end":2914.38},{"text":"higher","start":2914.38,"end":2914.701},{"text":"than","start":2914.701,"end":2914.829},{"text":"1%","start":2914.861,"end":2915.47},{"text":"chance","start":2915.486,"end":2915.806},{"text":"of","start":2915.806,"end":2915.886},{"text":"impacting","start":2915.982,"end":2916.415},{"text":"the","start":2916.463,"end":2916.704},{"text":"Earth","start":2916.704,"end":2916.88},{"text":"in","start":2916.88,"end":2916.976},{"text":"2032,","start":2917.168,"end":2918.082},{"text":"and","start":2918.706,"end":2918.835},{"text":"which","start":2918.851,"end":2919.011},{"text":"has","start":2919.011,"end":2919.075},{"text":"therefore","start":2919.187,"end":2919.508},{"text":"triggered","start":2919.508,"end":2919.892},{"text":"the","start":2919.892,"end":2919.972},{"text":"first","start":2919.972,"end":2920.325},{"text":"official","start":2920.373,"end":2920.741},{"text":"warning","start":2920.854,"end":2921.238},{"text":"and","start":2921.735,"end":2921.815},{"text":"stimulated","start":2921.831,"end":2922.536},{"text":"active","start":2922.552,"end":2922.841},{"text":"discussions","start":2922.857,"end":2923.417},{"text":"at","start":2923.417,"end":2923.514},{"text":"CENPAGE.","start":2923.514,"end":2923.882}]},{"text":"This event shows the importance of ION and CENPAGE, as crucial platforms for international exchange and coordination on near-Earth objects.","start":2924.795,"end":2933.616,"topics":[{"key":"planetary-defense-cooperation","label":"Planetary Defense Cooperation","description":"Many speakers stressed that asteroid threats require coordinated international action through mechanisms such as IAWN, SMPAG, UNOOSA, and joint exercises. The discussion focused on sharing observations, aligning response procedures, and building common preparedness against impact risks."},{"key":"neo-monitoring","label":"NEO Monitoring and Early Warning","description":"A major theme was the detection, tracking, characterization, and risk assessment of near-Earth objects using ground-based and space-based systems. Several statements highlighted early warning thresholds, impact probability updates, and the recent case of asteroid 2024 YR4."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":2924.795,"end":2924.972},{"text":"event","start":2924.972,"end":2925.26},{"text":"shows","start":2925.26,"end":2925.565},{"text":"the","start":2926.077,"end":2926.334},{"text":"importance","start":2926.895,"end":2927.439},{"text":"of","start":2927.504,"end":2927.664},{"text":"ION","start":2927.744,"end":2927.952},{"text":"and","start":2928,"end":2928.112},{"text":"CENPAGE,","start":2928.144,"end":2928.609},{"text":"as","start":2929.203,"end":2929.283},{"text":"crucial","start":2929.347,"end":2929.812},{"text":"platforms","start":2929.829,"end":2930.374},{"text":"for","start":2930.471,"end":2930.631},{"text":"international","start":2930.631,"end":2931.129},{"text":"exchange","start":2931.129,"end":2931.69},{"text":"and","start":2931.69,"end":2931.771},{"text":"coordination","start":2931.771,"end":2932.541},{"text":"on","start":2932.637,"end":2932.685},{"text":"near-Earth","start":2932.734,"end":2933.119},{"text":"objects.","start":2933.119,"end":2933.616}]},{"text":"We hope that these developments and the CRP can stimulate further work in order to improve our preparedness for a potential asteroid threat in the future.","start":2934.499,"end":2943.23,"topics":[{"key":"planetary-defense-cooperation","label":"Planetary Defense Cooperation","description":"Many speakers stressed that asteroid threats require coordinated international action through mechanisms such as IAWN, SMPAG, UNOOSA, and joint exercises. The discussion focused on sharing observations, aligning response procedures, and building common preparedness against impact risks."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":2934.499,"end":2934.644},{"text":"hope","start":2934.644,"end":2934.82},{"text":"that","start":2934.9,"end":2935.061},{"text":"these","start":2935.061,"end":2935.269},{"text":"developments","start":2935.286,"end":2936.024},{"text":"and","start":2936.104,"end":2936.249},{"text":"the","start":2936.249,"end":2936.297},{"text":"CRP","start":2936.329,"end":2936.971},{"text":"can","start":2937.452,"end":2937.597},{"text":"stimulate","start":2937.613,"end":2938.11},{"text":"further","start":2938.11,"end":2938.576},{"text":"work","start":2938.576,"end":2938.913},{"text":"in","start":2939.154,"end":2939.218},{"text":"order","start":2939.298,"end":2939.475},{"text":"to","start":2939.475,"end":2939.571},{"text":"improve","start":2939.571,"end":2940.101},{"text":"our","start":2940.101,"end":2940.277},{"text":"preparedness","start":2940.277,"end":2940.887},{"text":"for","start":2941.064,"end":2941.176},{"text":"a","start":2941.176,"end":2941.304},{"text":"potential","start":2941.304,"end":2941.738},{"text":"asteroid","start":2941.866,"end":2942.348},{"text":"threat","start":2942.348,"end":2942.685},{"text":"in","start":2942.685,"end":2942.765},{"text":"the","start":2942.765,"end":2942.829},{"text":"future.","start":2942.829,"end":2943.23}]},{"text":"Finally, we want to congratulate Ms. Romana Koffler of the Secretariat for having an asteroid named after her, a well-deserved honor and a great sign of appreciation that reflects the many years of hard work she put into supporting activities under this agenda item.","start":2944.113,"end":2959.569,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Finally,","start":2944.113,"end":2944.579},{"text":"we","start":2945.253,"end":2945.333},{"text":"want","start":2945.397,"end":2945.574},{"text":"to","start":2945.574,"end":2945.702},{"text":"congratulate","start":2945.718,"end":2946.472},{"text":"Ms.","start":2946.521,"end":2946.633},{"text":"Romana","start":2946.761,"end":2947.243},{"text":"Koffler","start":2947.243,"end":2947.66},{"text":"of","start":2947.66,"end":2947.805},{"text":"the","start":2947.805,"end":2947.885},{"text":"Secretariat","start":2947.885,"end":2948.719},{"text":"for","start":2949.024,"end":2949.169},{"text":"having","start":2949.185,"end":2949.393},{"text":"an","start":2949.426,"end":2949.474},{"text":"asteroid","start":2949.666,"end":2950.084},{"text":"named","start":2950.148,"end":2950.389},{"text":"after","start":2950.453,"end":2950.71},{"text":"her,","start":2950.71,"end":2950.966},{"text":"a","start":2951.512,"end":2951.576},{"text":"well-deserved","start":2951.576,"end":2952.234},{"text":"honor","start":2952.234,"end":2952.555},{"text":"and","start":2952.716,"end":2952.78},{"text":"a","start":2952.796,"end":2952.86},{"text":"great","start":2952.86,"end":2953.197},{"text":"sign","start":2953.197,"end":2953.47},{"text":"of","start":2953.502,"end":2953.599},{"text":"appreciation","start":2953.599,"end":2954.353},{"text":"that","start":2954.723,"end":2954.869},{"text":"reflects","start":2954.869,"end":2955.272},{"text":"the","start":2955.272,"end":2955.353},{"text":"many","start":2955.353,"end":2955.66},{"text":"years","start":2955.692,"end":2955.902},{"text":"of","start":2955.999,"end":2956.048},{"text":"hard","start":2956.096,"end":2956.387},{"text":"work","start":2956.419,"end":2956.662},{"text":"she","start":2956.662,"end":2956.823},{"text":"put","start":2956.888,"end":2957.081},{"text":"into","start":2957.13,"end":2957.308},{"text":"supporting","start":2957.308,"end":2957.824},{"text":"activities","start":2957.889,"end":2958.406},{"text":"under","start":2958.503,"end":2958.681},{"text":"this","start":2958.681,"end":2958.81},{"text":"agenda","start":2958.858,"end":2959.246},{"text":"item.","start":2959.246,"end":2959.569}]},{"text":"Thank you for your attention.","start":2960.134,"end":2960.829,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":2960.134,"end":2960.296},{"text":"you","start":2960.296,"end":2960.376},{"text":"for","start":2960.376,"end":2960.538},{"text":"your","start":2960.538,"end":2960.619},{"text":"attention.","start":2960.619,"end":2960.829}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"DEU","affiliation_full":"Germany","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":11,"start":2963.07,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1a/k1ad4k1m9e?t=2964","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of Germany for the statement.","start":2963.07,"end":2966.969,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":2963.07,"end":2963.102},{"text":"thank","start":2963.102,"end":2963.328},{"text":"the","start":2963.328,"end":2963.49},{"text":"distinguished","start":2963.49,"end":2963.927},{"text":"representative","start":2963.976,"end":2964.655},{"text":"of","start":2964.655,"end":2964.768},{"text":"Germany","start":2964.801,"end":2965.254},{"text":"for","start":2965.852,"end":2966.176},{"text":"the","start":2966.176,"end":2966.208},{"text":"statement.","start":2966.257,"end":2966.969}]},{"text":"The next speaker on my list is the distinguished representative of China.","start":2967.309,"end":2970.528,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2967.309,"end":2967.389},{"text":"next","start":2967.389,"end":2967.665},{"text":"speaker","start":2967.665,"end":2967.875},{"text":"on","start":2967.875,"end":2968.053},{"text":"my","start":2968.053,"end":2968.198},{"text":"list","start":2968.198,"end":2968.538},{"text":"is","start":2968.538,"end":2968.651},{"text":"the","start":2968.668,"end":2968.749},{"text":"distinguished","start":2968.749,"end":2969.315},{"text":"representative","start":2969.315,"end":2970.043},{"text":"of","start":2970.043,"end":2970.091},{"text":"China.","start":2970.27,"end":2970.528}]},{"text":"You have the floor.","start":2970.689,"end":2971.303,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"You","start":2970.689,"end":2970.77},{"text":"have","start":2970.77,"end":2971.012},{"text":"the","start":2971.012,"end":2971.093},{"text":"floor.","start":2971.093,"end":2971.303}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"COPUOS","affiliation_full":"COPUOS","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":12,"start":2976.051,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1a/k1ad4k1m9e?t=2977","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Madam Chair, distinguished delegates, the impact risk of near-Earth objects, or NEOs, is a common threat to humanity.","start":2976.051,"end":2981.944,"topics":[{"key":"neo-monitoring","label":"NEO Monitoring and Early Warning","description":"A major theme was the detection, tracking, characterization, and risk assessment of near-Earth objects using ground-based and space-based systems. Several statements highlighted early warning thresholds, impact probability updates, and the recent case of asteroid 2024 YR4."}],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":2976.051,"end":2976.503},{"text":"Chair,","start":2976.503,"end":2976.696},{"text":"distinguished","start":2976.923,"end":2977.326},{"text":"delegates,","start":2977.326,"end":2977.908},{"text":"the","start":2978.053,"end":2978.214},{"text":"impact","start":2978.214,"end":2978.537},{"text":"risk","start":2978.537,"end":2978.844},{"text":"of","start":2978.844,"end":2978.99},{"text":"near-Earth","start":2978.99,"end":2979.398},{"text":"objects,","start":2979.496,"end":2980.002},{"text":"or","start":2980.149,"end":2980.181},{"text":"NEOs,","start":2980.181,"end":2980.589},{"text":"is","start":2980.655,"end":2980.802},{"text":"a","start":2980.802,"end":2980.883},{"text":"common","start":2980.883,"end":2981.144},{"text":"threat","start":2981.144,"end":2981.373},{"text":"to","start":2981.373,"end":2981.471},{"text":"humanity.","start":2981.536,"end":2981.944}]},{"text":"China attaches great importance to news monitoring, early warning, defense, and response, and fully understands and recognizes the importance and urgency of the work.","start":2982.533,"end":2991.123,"topics":[{"key":"neo-monitoring","label":"NEO Monitoring and Early Warning","description":"A major theme was the detection, tracking, characterization, and risk assessment of near-Earth objects using ground-based and space-based systems. Several statements highlighted early warning thresholds, impact probability updates, and the recent case of asteroid 2024 YR4."},{"key":"planetary-defense-cooperation","label":"Planetary Defense Cooperation","description":"Many speakers stressed that asteroid threats require coordinated international action through mechanisms such as IAWN, SMPAG, UNOOSA, and joint exercises. The discussion focused on sharing observations, aligning response procedures, and building common preparedness against impact risks."}],"words":[{"text":"China","start":2982.533,"end":2982.951},{"text":"attaches","start":2983.24,"end":2983.785},{"text":"great","start":2983.818,"end":2984.074},{"text":"importance","start":2984.074,"end":2984.54},{"text":"to","start":2984.54,"end":2984.701},{"text":"news","start":2984.701,"end":2985.006},{"text":"monitoring,","start":2985.038,"end":2985.552},{"text":"early","start":2985.664,"end":2985.825},{"text":"warning,","start":2985.969,"end":2986.194},{"text":"defense,","start":2986.451,"end":2986.868},{"text":"and","start":2986.933,"end":2987.013},{"text":"response,","start":2987.029,"end":2987.462},{"text":"and","start":2987.655,"end":2987.719},{"text":"fully","start":2987.832,"end":2987.96},{"text":"understands","start":2988.057,"end":2988.635},{"text":"and","start":2988.699,"end":2988.795},{"text":"recognizes","start":2988.795,"end":2989.486},{"text":"the","start":2989.502,"end":2989.582},{"text":"importance","start":2989.582,"end":2990.015},{"text":"and","start":2990.015,"end":2990.16},{"text":"urgency","start":2990.224,"end":2990.561},{"text":"of","start":2990.626,"end":2990.722},{"text":"the","start":2990.722,"end":2990.866},{"text":"work.","start":2990.866,"end":2991.123}]},{"text":"China actively strengthens the development and monitoring of early warning capabilities and participates in the relevant work of I-ONE and the SAME PAGE.","start":2991.75,"end":2999.762,"topics":[{"key":"neo-monitoring","label":"NEO Monitoring and Early Warning","description":"A major theme was the detection, tracking, characterization, and risk assessment of near-Earth objects using ground-based and space-based systems. Several statements highlighted early warning thresholds, impact probability updates, and the recent case of asteroid 2024 YR4."},{"key":"planetary-defense-cooperation","label":"Planetary Defense Cooperation","description":"Many speakers stressed that asteroid threats require coordinated international action through mechanisms such as IAWN, SMPAG, UNOOSA, and joint exercises. The discussion focused on sharing observations, aligning response procedures, and building common preparedness against impact risks."}],"words":[{"text":"China","start":2991.75,"end":2991.974},{"text":"actively","start":2992.071,"end":2992.536},{"text":"strengthens","start":2992.665,"end":2993.259},{"text":"the","start":2993.291,"end":2993.387},{"text":"development","start":2993.387,"end":2993.949},{"text":"and","start":2993.949,"end":2994.014},{"text":"monitoring","start":2994.014,"end":2994.592},{"text":"of","start":2994.64,"end":2994.688},{"text":"early","start":2994.8,"end":2995.025},{"text":"warning","start":2995.137,"end":2995.346},{"text":"capabilities","start":2995.378,"end":2996.069},{"text":"and","start":2996.181,"end":2996.326},{"text":"participates","start":2996.326,"end":2996.904},{"text":"in","start":2996.904,"end":2996.952},{"text":"the","start":2996.968,"end":2997.064},{"text":"relevant","start":2997.064,"end":2997.53},{"text":"work","start":2997.53,"end":2997.787},{"text":"of","start":2997.787,"end":2997.996},{"text":"I-ONE","start":2998.493,"end":2998.959},{"text":"and","start":2999.055,"end":2999.12},{"text":"the","start":2999.136,"end":2999.168},{"text":"SAME","start":2999.168,"end":2999.36},{"text":"PAGE.","start":2999.473,"end":2999.762}]},{"text":"First, strengthening the development of and research on news monitoring and early warning capabilities to better participate in international news monitoring and defense cooperation.","start":3000.34,"end":3011.124,"topics":[{"key":"neo-monitoring","label":"NEO Monitoring and Early Warning","description":"A major theme was the detection, tracking, characterization, and risk assessment of near-Earth objects using ground-based and space-based systems. Several statements highlighted early warning thresholds, impact probability updates, and the recent case of asteroid 2024 YR4."},{"key":"planetary-defense-cooperation","label":"Planetary Defense Cooperation","description":"Many speakers stressed that asteroid threats require coordinated international action through mechanisms such as IAWN, SMPAG, UNOOSA, and joint exercises. The discussion focused on sharing observations, aligning response procedures, and building common preparedness against impact risks."}],"words":[{"text":"First,","start":3000.34,"end":3000.629},{"text":"strengthening","start":3000.757,"end":3001.287},{"text":"the","start":3001.319,"end":3001.4},{"text":"development","start":3001.4,"end":3002.01},{"text":"of","start":3002.106,"end":3002.267},{"text":"and","start":3002.347,"end":3002.427},{"text":"research","start":3002.507,"end":3002.893},{"text":"on","start":3002.989,"end":3003.085},{"text":"news","start":3003.085,"end":3003.455},{"text":"monitoring","start":3003.551,"end":3004.145},{"text":"and","start":3004.209,"end":3004.29},{"text":"early","start":3004.37,"end":3004.579},{"text":"warning","start":3004.691,"end":3004.9},{"text":"capabilities","start":3004.932,"end":3005.944},{"text":"to","start":3006.522,"end":3006.634},{"text":"better","start":3006.939,"end":3007.26},{"text":"participate","start":3007.26,"end":3009.476},{"text":"in","start":3007.966,"end":3008.11},{"text":"international","start":3008.126,"end":3008.639},{"text":"news","start":3008.639,"end":3009.072},{"text":"monitoring","start":3009.249,"end":3009.746},{"text":"and","start":3009.746,"end":3009.826},{"text":"defense","start":3009.826,"end":3010.339},{"text":"cooperation.","start":3010.451,"end":3011.124}]},{"text":"CNSA organized a demonstration of new threat monitoring and response plans, formulated a plan for the development of planetary defense-related technologies, and actively promoted the development of China's NEA defense system.","start":3011.525,"end":3025.68,"topics":[{"key":"neo-monitoring","label":"NEO Monitoring and Early Warning","description":"A major theme was the detection, tracking, characterization, and risk assessment of near-Earth objects using ground-based and space-based systems. Several statements highlighted early warning thresholds, impact probability updates, and the recent case of asteroid 2024 YR4."},{"key":"planetary-defense-cooperation","label":"Planetary Defense Cooperation","description":"Many speakers stressed that asteroid threats require coordinated international action through mechanisms such as IAWN, SMPAG, UNOOSA, and joint exercises. The discussion focused on sharing observations, aligning response procedures, and building common preparedness against impact risks."}],"words":[{"text":"CNSA","start":3011.525,"end":3012.15},{"text":"organized","start":3012.23,"end":3012.679},{"text":"a","start":3012.856,"end":3012.872},{"text":"demonstration","start":3012.872,"end":3013.561},{"text":"of","start":3013.657,"end":3013.833},{"text":"new","start":3013.85,"end":3014.106},{"text":"threat","start":3014.154,"end":3014.555},{"text":"monitoring","start":3014.555,"end":3015.148},{"text":"and","start":3015.196,"end":3015.356},{"text":"response","start":3015.356,"end":3015.918},{"text":"plans,","start":3015.918,"end":3016.286},{"text":"formulated","start":3016.398,"end":3016.976},{"text":"a","start":3016.976,"end":3016.992},{"text":"plan","start":3017.12,"end":3017.44},{"text":"for","start":3017.44,"end":3017.601},{"text":"the","start":3017.601,"end":3017.681},{"text":"development","start":3017.681,"end":3018.306},{"text":"of","start":3018.386,"end":3018.45},{"text":"planetary","start":3018.947,"end":3019.508},{"text":"defense-related","start":3019.508,"end":3020.39},{"text":"technologies,","start":3020.406,"end":3021.096},{"text":"and","start":3021.192,"end":3021.352},{"text":"actively","start":3021.352,"end":3021.897},{"text":"promoted","start":3021.913,"end":3022.49},{"text":"the","start":3022.586,"end":3022.731},{"text":"development","start":3022.731,"end":3023.404},{"text":"of","start":3023.676,"end":3023.773},{"text":"China's","start":3023.773,"end":3024.189},{"text":"NEA","start":3024.334,"end":3024.59},{"text":"defense","start":3024.879,"end":3025.231},{"text":"system.","start":3025.231,"end":3025.68}]},{"text":"The central government has allocated special funds to support research on planetary defense technologies and carried out research on wide-area and in-depth monitoring of NEOs, precise orbit determination, fine characterization, accurate hazard warning, and reliable hazard assessment, et cetera.","start":3026.081,"end":3043.874,"topics":[{"key":"neo-monitoring","label":"NEO Monitoring and Early Warning","description":"A major theme was the detection, tracking, characterization, and risk assessment of near-Earth objects using ground-based and space-based systems. Several statements highlighted early warning thresholds, impact probability updates, and the recent case of asteroid 2024 YR4."},{"key":"planetary-defense-cooperation","label":"Planetary Defense Cooperation","description":"Many speakers stressed that asteroid threats require coordinated international action through mechanisms such as IAWN, SMPAG, UNOOSA, and joint exercises. The discussion focused on sharing observations, aligning response procedures, and building common preparedness against impact risks."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":3026.081,"end":3026.177},{"text":"central","start":3026.177,"end":3026.482},{"text":"government","start":3026.482,"end":3026.963},{"text":"has","start":3026.963,"end":3027.107},{"text":"allocated","start":3027.203,"end":3027.861},{"text":"special","start":3027.877,"end":3028.325},{"text":"funds","start":3028.325,"end":3028.55},{"text":"to","start":3028.582,"end":3028.694},{"text":"support","start":3028.742,"end":3029.432},{"text":"research","start":3029.784,"end":3030.329},{"text":"on","start":3030.329,"end":3030.426},{"text":"planetary","start":3030.426,"end":3030.971},{"text":"defense","start":3030.987,"end":3031.468},{"text":"technologies","start":3031.468,"end":3032.237},{"text":"and","start":3032.269,"end":3032.429},{"text":"carried","start":3032.429,"end":3032.814},{"text":"out","start":3032.814,"end":3033.055},{"text":"research","start":3033.055,"end":3033.568},{"text":"on","start":3033.536,"end":3033.6},{"text":"wide-area","start":3033.632,"end":3034.338},{"text":"and","start":3034.418,"end":3034.563},{"text":"in-depth","start":3034.595,"end":3034.964},{"text":"monitoring","start":3035.012,"end":3035.687},{"text":"of","start":3035.719,"end":3035.895},{"text":"NEOs,","start":3035.895,"end":3036.281},{"text":"precise","start":3036.746,"end":3037.244},{"text":"orbit","start":3037.324,"end":3037.581},{"text":"determination,","start":3037.87,"end":3038.592},{"text":"fine","start":3038.673,"end":3038.93},{"text":"characterization,","start":3038.93,"end":3039.861},{"text":"accurate","start":3039.957,"end":3040.455},{"text":"hazard","start":3040.455,"end":3041},{"text":"warning,","start":3041,"end":3041.225},{"text":"and","start":3041.402,"end":3041.482},{"text":"reliable","start":3041.562,"end":3042.06},{"text":"hazard","start":3042.06,"end":3042.477},{"text":"assessment,","start":3042.477,"end":3043.103},{"text":"et","start":3043.505,"end":3043.601},{"text":"cetera.","start":3043.601,"end":3043.874}]},{"text":"At present, China has built and put into service a number of telescopes that can be used for NEOs observations.","start":3044.211,"end":3050.986,"topics":[{"key":"neo-monitoring","label":"NEO Monitoring and Early Warning","description":"A major theme was the detection, tracking, characterization, and risk assessment of near-Earth objects using ground-based and space-based systems. Several statements highlighted early warning thresholds, impact probability updates, and the recent case of asteroid 2024 YR4."}],"words":[{"text":"At","start":3044.211,"end":3044.307},{"text":"present,","start":3044.307,"end":3044.645},{"text":"China","start":3044.693,"end":3044.95},{"text":"has","start":3044.95,"end":3045.158},{"text":"built","start":3045.19,"end":3045.479},{"text":"and","start":3045.495,"end":3045.624},{"text":"put","start":3045.672,"end":3045.849},{"text":"into","start":3045.849,"end":3046.041},{"text":"service","start":3046.089,"end":3046.555},{"text":"a","start":3046.555,"end":3046.571},{"text":"number","start":3046.571,"end":3046.924},{"text":"of","start":3046.94,"end":3047.085},{"text":"telescopes","start":3048.144,"end":3048.803},{"text":"that","start":3048.803,"end":3049.043},{"text":"can","start":3049.043,"end":3049.14},{"text":"be","start":3049.14,"end":3049.268},{"text":"used","start":3049.284,"end":3049.605},{"text":"for","start":3049.669,"end":3049.798},{"text":"NEOs","start":3049.846,"end":3050.263},{"text":"observations.","start":3050.312,"end":3050.986}]},{"text":"In the events of 2024 RW1 asteroid and 2024 XA1 asteroid, China organized First, China will continue to conduct joint observations with multiple domestic telescopes to contribute to an international response.","start":3051.451,"end":3066.25,"topics":[{"key":"neo-monitoring","label":"NEO Monitoring and Early Warning","description":"A major theme was the detection, tracking, characterization, and risk assessment of near-Earth objects using ground-based and space-based systems. Several statements highlighted early warning thresholds, impact probability updates, and the recent case of asteroid 2024 YR4."},{"key":"planetary-defense-cooperation","label":"Planetary Defense Cooperation","description":"Many speakers stressed that asteroid threats require coordinated international action through mechanisms such as IAWN, SMPAG, UNOOSA, and joint exercises. The discussion focused on sharing observations, aligning response procedures, and building common preparedness against impact risks."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":3051.451,"end":3051.548},{"text":"the","start":3051.548,"end":3051.708},{"text":"events","start":3051.708,"end":3052.206},{"text":"of","start":3052.318,"end":3052.527},{"text":"2024","start":3052.527,"end":3053.41},{"text":"RW1","start":3053.603,"end":3054.79},{"text":"asteroid","start":3054.903,"end":3055.625},{"text":"and","start":3055.625,"end":3055.802},{"text":"2024","start":3056.251,"end":3056.942},{"text":"XA1","start":3057.809,"end":3058.643},{"text":"asteroid,","start":3058.98,"end":3059.623},{"text":"China","start":3059.639,"end":3059.96},{"text":"organized","start":3059.96,"end":3060.538},{"text":"First,","start":3060.49,"end":3060.73},{"text":"China","start":3060.73,"end":3060.73},{"text":"will","start":3060.73,"end":3060.73},{"text":"continue","start":3060.73,"end":3060.73},{"text":"to","start":3060.73,"end":3060.73},{"text":"conduct","start":3060.73,"end":3060.73},{"text":"joint","start":3060.73,"end":3060.73},{"text":"observations","start":3060.73,"end":3061.45},{"text":"with","start":3061.45,"end":3061.73},{"text":"multiple","start":3061.73,"end":3062.19},{"text":"domestic","start":3062.19,"end":3062.85},{"text":"telescopes","start":3062.85,"end":3063.57},{"text":"to","start":3063.57,"end":3064.03},{"text":"contribute","start":3064.03,"end":3064.47},{"text":"to","start":3064.47,"end":3064.71},{"text":"an","start":3064.71,"end":3064.81},{"text":"international","start":3064.81,"end":3065.31},{"text":"response.","start":3065.31,"end":3066.25}]},{"text":"In the future, China will gradually build and improve space-based and ground-based monitoring equipment and facilities, and continuously improve NEO's monitoring and early warning capabilities.","start":3066.25,"end":3076.12,"topics":[{"key":"neo-monitoring","label":"NEO Monitoring and Early Warning","description":"A major theme was the detection, tracking, characterization, and risk assessment of near-Earth objects using ground-based and space-based systems. Several statements highlighted early warning thresholds, impact probability updates, and the recent case of asteroid 2024 YR4."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":3066.25,"end":3066.27},{"text":"the","start":3066.27,"end":3066.41},{"text":"future,","start":3066.41,"end":3066.76},{"text":"China","start":3066.97,"end":3067.03},{"text":"will","start":3067.03,"end":3067.27},{"text":"gradually","start":3067.27,"end":3067.67},{"text":"build","start":3067.67,"end":3068.05},{"text":"and","start":3068.05,"end":3068.23},{"text":"improve","start":3068.23,"end":3068.63},{"text":"space-based","start":3068.63,"end":3069.39},{"text":"and","start":3069.39,"end":3069.49},{"text":"ground-based","start":3069.49,"end":3070.07},{"text":"monitoring","start":3070.07,"end":3070.59},{"text":"equipment","start":3070.59,"end":3071.03},{"text":"and","start":3071.03,"end":3071.25},{"text":"facilities,","start":3071.25,"end":3072.49},{"text":"and","start":3072.49,"end":3072.49},{"text":"continuously","start":3072.49,"end":3073.05},{"text":"improve","start":3073.05,"end":3073.57},{"text":"NEO's","start":3073.57,"end":3074.07},{"text":"monitoring","start":3074.07,"end":3074.57},{"text":"and","start":3074.57,"end":3074.81},{"text":"early","start":3074.81,"end":3075.07},{"text":"warning","start":3075.07,"end":3075.37},{"text":"capabilities.","start":3075.37,"end":3076.12}]},{"text":"Second, deepening international cooperation.","start":3076.569,"end":3079.17,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Second,","start":3076.569,"end":3077.21},{"text":"deepening","start":3077.21,"end":3077.57},{"text":"international","start":3077.57,"end":3078.17},{"text":"cooperation.","start":3078.17,"end":3079.17}]},{"text":"In January and February 2024, CNSA actively organized joint observations of NEO 1685 by ABSKO member states carried out early warning risk analysis and popular science publicity and education activities to raise through this joint observation the awareness and understanding of planetary defense among member states.","start":3079.17,"end":3102.335,"topics":[{"key":"neo-monitoring","label":"NEO Monitoring and Early Warning","description":"A major theme was the detection, tracking, characterization, and risk assessment of near-Earth objects using ground-based and space-based systems. Several statements highlighted early warning thresholds, impact probability updates, and the recent case of asteroid 2024 YR4."},{"key":"asteroid-awareness","label":"Asteroid Awareness","description":"Delegations repeatedly welcomed the designation of 2029 as the International Year of Asteroid Awareness and Planetary Defense. This topic centered on public education, outreach, scientific engagement, and using the close approach of Apophis to raise global awareness."},{"key":"planetary-defense-cooperation","label":"Planetary Defense Cooperation","description":"Many speakers stressed that asteroid threats require coordinated international action through mechanisms such as IAWN, SMPAG, UNOOSA, and joint exercises. The discussion focused on sharing observations, aligning response procedures, and building common preparedness against impact risks."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":3079.17,"end":3079.17},{"text":"January","start":3079.17,"end":3079.55},{"text":"and","start":3079.55,"end":3079.69},{"text":"February","start":3079.69,"end":3080.11},{"text":"2024,","start":3080.11,"end":3081.06},{"text":"CNSA","start":3081.61,"end":3082.21},{"text":"actively","start":3082.21,"end":3082.87},{"text":"organized","start":3082.87,"end":3083.59},{"text":"joint","start":3083.59,"end":3083.95},{"text":"observations","start":3083.95,"end":3084.73},{"text":"of","start":3084.73,"end":3085.11},{"text":"NEO","start":3085.11,"end":3085.91},{"text":"1685","start":3086.02,"end":3086.998},{"text":"by","start":3086.998,"end":3087.207},{"text":"ABSKO","start":3087.399,"end":3088.073},{"text":"member","start":3088.233,"end":3088.554},{"text":"states","start":3088.554,"end":3088.971},{"text":"carried","start":3089.003,"end":3089.324},{"text":"out","start":3089.324,"end":3089.581},{"text":"early","start":3089.581,"end":3089.79},{"text":"warning","start":3089.886,"end":3090.094},{"text":"risk","start":3090.223,"end":3090.527},{"text":"analysis","start":3090.544,"end":3091.185},{"text":"and","start":3091.185,"end":3091.249},{"text":"popular","start":3091.41,"end":3091.747},{"text":"science","start":3091.747,"end":3092.324},{"text":"publicity","start":3092.372,"end":3092.95},{"text":"and","start":3093.351,"end":3093.415},{"text":"education","start":3093.576,"end":3094.137},{"text":"activities","start":3094.137,"end":3094.763},{"text":"to","start":3094.859,"end":3095.132},{"text":"raise","start":3095.196,"end":3095.404},{"text":"through","start":3095.517,"end":3095.773},{"text":"this","start":3096.223,"end":3096.303},{"text":"joint","start":3096.463,"end":3096.784},{"text":"observation","start":3097.105,"end":3097.65},{"text":"the","start":3098.164,"end":3098.388},{"text":"awareness","start":3098.629,"end":3099.11},{"text":"and","start":3099.191,"end":3099.255},{"text":"understanding","start":3099.351,"end":3099.977},{"text":"of","start":3100.009,"end":3100.137},{"text":"planetary","start":3100.169,"end":3100.731},{"text":"defense","start":3100.731,"end":3101.276},{"text":"among","start":3101.276,"end":3101.581},{"text":"member","start":3101.613,"end":3101.934},{"text":"states.","start":3101.934,"end":3102.335}]},{"text":"China actively carries out NEO defense-related technical exchanges and discussions.","start":3102.415,"end":3107.918,"topics":[{"key":"planetary-defense-cooperation","label":"Planetary Defense Cooperation","description":"Many speakers stressed that asteroid threats require coordinated international action through mechanisms such as IAWN, SMPAG, UNOOSA, and joint exercises. The discussion focused on sharing observations, aligning response procedures, and building common preparedness against impact risks."}],"words":[{"text":"China","start":3102.415,"end":3102.656},{"text":"actively","start":3102.736,"end":3103.185},{"text":"carries","start":3103.201,"end":3103.506},{"text":"out","start":3103.682,"end":3103.923},{"text":"NEO","start":3104.276,"end":3104.902},{"text":"defense-related","start":3104.966,"end":3106.073},{"text":"technical","start":3106.121,"end":3106.602},{"text":"exchanges","start":3106.602,"end":3107.116},{"text":"and","start":3107.228,"end":3107.308},{"text":"discussions.","start":3107.308,"end":3107.918}]},{"text":"China commends the same page and Iowan under the UN platform for their work accomplished, considering the 2 mechanisms to be of positive significance for human response to the threat of NEOS.","start":3108.431,"end":3121.167,"topics":[{"key":"planetary-defense-cooperation","label":"Planetary Defense Cooperation","description":"Many speakers stressed that asteroid threats require coordinated international action through mechanisms such as IAWN, SMPAG, UNOOSA, and joint exercises. The discussion focused on sharing observations, aligning response procedures, and building common preparedness against impact risks."}],"words":[{"text":"China","start":3108.431,"end":3108.848},{"text":"commends","start":3109.33,"end":3109.763},{"text":"the","start":3109.795,"end":3109.827},{"text":"same","start":3109.875,"end":3110.084},{"text":"page","start":3110.18,"end":3110.404},{"text":"and","start":3110.597,"end":3110.661},{"text":"Iowan","start":3110.757,"end":3111.11},{"text":"under","start":3111.303,"end":3111.479},{"text":"the","start":3111.479,"end":3111.64},{"text":"UN","start":3111.64,"end":3111.961},{"text":"platform","start":3111.961,"end":3114.239},{"text":"for","start":3112.442,"end":3112.587},{"text":"their","start":3112.587,"end":3112.747},{"text":"work","start":3112.747,"end":3112.94},{"text":"accomplished,","start":3112.94,"end":3113.711},{"text":"considering","start":3114.933,"end":3115.463},{"text":"the","start":3115.559,"end":3115.72},{"text":"2","start":3115.72,"end":3115.849},{"text":"mechanisms","start":3116.877,"end":3117.6},{"text":"to","start":3117.664,"end":3117.761},{"text":"be","start":3117.825,"end":3117.905},{"text":"of","start":3117.905,"end":3118.034},{"text":"positive","start":3118.066,"end":3118.436},{"text":"significance","start":3118.484,"end":3119.175},{"text":"for","start":3119.175,"end":3119.271},{"text":"human","start":3119.271,"end":3119.657},{"text":"response","start":3119.673,"end":3120.219},{"text":"to","start":3120.219,"end":3120.332},{"text":"the","start":3120.38,"end":3120.46},{"text":"threat","start":3120.46,"end":3120.685},{"text":"of","start":3120.733,"end":3120.798},{"text":"NEOS.","start":3120.798,"end":3121.167}]},{"text":"China attaches great importance to the role of CENPAGE in NEOS.","start":3121.746,"end":3125.265,"topics":[{"key":"planetary-defense-cooperation","label":"Planetary Defense Cooperation","description":"Many speakers stressed that asteroid threats require coordinated international action through mechanisms such as IAWN, SMPAG, UNOOSA, and joint exercises. The discussion focused on sharing observations, aligning response procedures, and building common preparedness against impact risks."}],"words":[{"text":"China","start":3121.746,"end":3121.987},{"text":"attaches","start":3121.987,"end":3122.453},{"text":"great","start":3122.565,"end":3122.806},{"text":"importance","start":3122.806,"end":3123.353},{"text":"to","start":3123.353,"end":3123.465},{"text":"the","start":3123.465,"end":3123.594},{"text":"role","start":3123.594,"end":3123.722},{"text":"of","start":3123.851,"end":3124.092},{"text":"CENPAGE","start":3124.092,"end":3124.622},{"text":"in","start":3124.799,"end":3124.847},{"text":"NEOS.","start":3124.895,"end":3125.265}]},{"text":"In September 2024, China actively participated in the international conference organized by CENPAGE and IWONG, exchanged technical achievements, and is actively participating in a series of discussions on planning Defense Programs and Legal Issues organized by CENPAIGE.","start":3125.699,"end":3141.249,"topics":[{"key":"planetary-defense-cooperation","label":"Planetary Defense Cooperation","description":"Many speakers stressed that asteroid threats require coordinated international action through mechanisms such as IAWN, SMPAG, UNOOSA, and joint exercises. The discussion focused on sharing observations, aligning response procedures, and building common preparedness against impact risks."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":3125.699,"end":3125.779},{"text":"September","start":3125.779,"end":3126.261},{"text":"2024,","start":3126.261,"end":3127.177},{"text":"China","start":3127.29,"end":3127.498},{"text":"actively","start":3127.611,"end":3127.997},{"text":"participated","start":3128.029,"end":3128.752},{"text":"in","start":3128.816,"end":3128.929},{"text":"the","start":3128.929,"end":3129.073},{"text":"international","start":3129.073,"end":3129.587},{"text":"conference","start":3129.636,"end":3130.102},{"text":"organized","start":3130.118,"end":3130.568},{"text":"by","start":3130.6,"end":3130.873},{"text":"CENPAGE","start":3131.178,"end":3131.612},{"text":"and","start":3131.708,"end":3131.853},{"text":"IWONG,","start":3131.949,"end":3132.432},{"text":"exchanged","start":3132.512,"end":3133.01},{"text":"technical","start":3133.01,"end":3133.476},{"text":"achievements,","start":3133.653,"end":3134.279},{"text":"and","start":3134.617,"end":3134.681},{"text":"is","start":3134.761,"end":3134.826},{"text":"actively","start":3135.003,"end":3135.42},{"text":"participating","start":3135.501,"end":3136.272},{"text":"in","start":3136.304,"end":3136.384},{"text":"a","start":3136.384,"end":3136.4},{"text":"series","start":3136.4,"end":3136.754},{"text":"of","start":3136.866,"end":3136.947},{"text":"discussions","start":3136.947,"end":3137.557},{"text":"on","start":3137.67,"end":3137.798},{"text":"planning","start":3137.815,"end":3138.2},{"text":"Defense","start":3138.232,"end":3138.698},{"text":"Programs","start":3138.698,"end":3139.243},{"text":"and","start":3139.275,"end":3139.34},{"text":"Legal","start":3139.356,"end":3139.661},{"text":"Issues","start":3139.661,"end":3140.062},{"text":"organized","start":3140.142,"end":3140.527},{"text":"by","start":3140.559,"end":3140.64},{"text":"CENPAIGE.","start":3140.64,"end":3141.249}]},{"text":"China will actively share relevant results with the international community and contribute Chinese wisdom and strength to enhancing the ability of humanity to jointly defend against hazardous NEOs.","start":3142.084,"end":3153.335,"topics":[{"key":"planetary-defense-cooperation","label":"Planetary Defense Cooperation","description":"Many speakers stressed that asteroid threats require coordinated international action through mechanisms such as IAWN, SMPAG, UNOOSA, and joint exercises. The discussion focused on sharing observations, aligning response procedures, and building common preparedness against impact risks."}],"words":[{"text":"China","start":3142.084,"end":3142.405},{"text":"will","start":3142.469,"end":3142.63},{"text":"actively","start":3142.71,"end":3143.063},{"text":"share","start":3143.063,"end":3143.448},{"text":"relevant","start":3143.448,"end":3143.914},{"text":"results","start":3143.914,"end":3144.411},{"text":"with","start":3144.411,"end":3144.491},{"text":"the","start":3144.491,"end":3144.652},{"text":"international","start":3144.652,"end":3145.165},{"text":"community","start":3145.214,"end":3145.824},{"text":"and","start":3145.856,"end":3146.016},{"text":"contribute","start":3146.016,"end":3146.417},{"text":"Chinese","start":3146.417,"end":3146.786},{"text":"wisdom","start":3146.899,"end":3147.22},{"text":"and","start":3147.22,"end":3147.316},{"text":"strength","start":3147.316,"end":3147.749},{"text":"to","start":3148.167,"end":3148.263},{"text":"enhancing","start":3148.263,"end":3148.873},{"text":"the","start":3148.969,"end":3149.162},{"text":"ability","start":3149.29,"end":3149.948},{"text":"of","start":3150.189,"end":3150.317},{"text":"humanity","start":3150.333,"end":3150.911},{"text":"to","start":3150.911,"end":3151.072},{"text":"jointly","start":3151.072,"end":3151.393},{"text":"defend","start":3151.457,"end":3151.762},{"text":"against","start":3151.794,"end":3152.243},{"text":"hazardous","start":3152.516,"end":3152.998},{"text":"NEOs.","start":3152.998,"end":3153.335}]},{"text":"China attaches great importance to the role of STSC of UN COPUS in NEOs response.","start":3154.105,"end":3159.08,"topics":[{"key":"planetary-defense-cooperation","label":"Planetary Defense Cooperation","description":"Many speakers stressed that asteroid threats require coordinated international action through mechanisms such as IAWN, SMPAG, UNOOSA, and joint exercises. The discussion focused on sharing observations, aligning response procedures, and building common preparedness against impact risks."}],"words":[{"text":"China","start":3154.105,"end":3154.346},{"text":"attaches","start":3154.346,"end":3154.811},{"text":"great","start":3154.843,"end":3155.004},{"text":"importance","start":3155.004,"end":3155.566},{"text":"to","start":3155.566,"end":3155.694},{"text":"the","start":3155.71,"end":3155.79},{"text":"role","start":3155.79,"end":3156.031},{"text":"of","start":3156.031,"end":3156.175},{"text":"STSC","start":3156.208,"end":3156.85},{"text":"of","start":3156.994,"end":3157.042},{"text":"UN","start":3157.154,"end":3157.363},{"text":"COPUS","start":3157.475,"end":3157.957},{"text":"in","start":3157.957,"end":3158.021},{"text":"NEOs","start":3158.117,"end":3158.471},{"text":"response.","start":3158.519,"end":3159.08}]},{"text":"China stands ready to carry out extensive international exchanges and cooperation on cutting-edge scientific issues and key technical issues in the field of NEOS and contribute to ensuring the long-term sustainability of human civilization.","start":3159.482,"end":3174.876,"topics":[{"key":"planetary-defense-cooperation","label":"Planetary Defense Cooperation","description":"Many speakers stressed that asteroid threats require coordinated international action through mechanisms such as IAWN, SMPAG, UNOOSA, and joint exercises. The discussion focused on sharing observations, aligning response procedures, and building common preparedness against impact risks."},{"key":"space-sustainability","label":"Long-Term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities","description":"Several delegations emphasized implementation of the COPUOS Long-Term Sustainability Guidelines and the need for continued work beyond the current mandate. The topic included national laws, reporting on implementation, information-sharing tools, and preserving space for future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"China","start":3159.482,"end":3159.755},{"text":"stands","start":3159.755,"end":3160.188},{"text":"ready","start":3160.22,"end":3160.445},{"text":"to","start":3160.605,"end":3160.782},{"text":"carry","start":3160.782,"end":3161.087},{"text":"out","start":3161.167,"end":3161.279},{"text":"extensive","start":3161.279,"end":3161.825},{"text":"international","start":3161.841,"end":3162.467},{"text":"exchanges","start":3162.467,"end":3162.997},{"text":"and","start":3163.093,"end":3163.189},{"text":"cooperation","start":3163.189,"end":3163.879},{"text":"on","start":3164.38,"end":3164.493},{"text":"cutting-edge","start":3164.558,"end":3165.091},{"text":"scientific","start":3165.463,"end":3166.158},{"text":"issues","start":3166.158,"end":3166.466},{"text":"and","start":3167.484,"end":3167.937},{"text":"key","start":3168.115,"end":3168.276},{"text":"technical","start":3168.276,"end":3168.826},{"text":"issues","start":3168.826,"end":3169.133},{"text":"in","start":3169.166,"end":3169.214},{"text":"the","start":3169.311,"end":3169.489},{"text":"field","start":3169.489,"end":3169.861},{"text":"of","start":3169.958,"end":3170.055},{"text":"NEOS","start":3170.071,"end":3170.508},{"text":"and","start":3170.605,"end":3170.685},{"text":"contribute","start":3170.782,"end":3171.3},{"text":"to","start":3171.348,"end":3171.478},{"text":"ensuring","start":3171.575,"end":3172.286},{"text":"the","start":3172.318,"end":3172.464},{"text":"long-term","start":3172.464,"end":3172.868},{"text":"sustainability","start":3172.868,"end":3173.58},{"text":"of","start":3173.758,"end":3173.855},{"text":"human","start":3173.92,"end":3174.195},{"text":"civilization.","start":3174.195,"end":3174.876}]},{"text":"Thank you.","start":3174.99,"end":3175.281,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":3174.99,"end":3175.168},{"text":"you.","start":3175.168,"end":3175.281}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"CHN","affiliation_full":"China","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":13,"start":3177.502,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1a/k1ad4k1m9e?t=3178","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of China for the statement.","start":3177.502,"end":3180.744,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":3177.502,"end":3177.583},{"text":"thank","start":3177.583,"end":3177.745},{"text":"the","start":3177.745,"end":3177.891},{"text":"distinguished","start":3177.891,"end":3178.556},{"text":"representative","start":3178.588,"end":3179.447},{"text":"of","start":3179.447,"end":3179.577},{"text":"China","start":3179.593,"end":3179.917},{"text":"for","start":3179.917,"end":3180.16},{"text":"the","start":3180.16,"end":3180.193},{"text":"statement.","start":3180.193,"end":3180.744}]},{"text":"The next speaker on my list is the distinguished representative of France.","start":3181.068,"end":3184.054,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":3181.068,"end":3181.165},{"text":"next","start":3181.165,"end":3181.424},{"text":"speaker","start":3181.424,"end":3181.651},{"text":"on","start":3181.7,"end":3181.862},{"text":"my","start":3181.862,"end":3182.024},{"text":"list","start":3182.024,"end":3182.3},{"text":"is","start":3182.3,"end":3182.413},{"text":"the","start":3182.429,"end":3182.51},{"text":"distinguished","start":3182.51,"end":3182.932},{"text":"representative","start":3182.932,"end":3183.599},{"text":"of","start":3183.599,"end":3183.68},{"text":"France.","start":3183.68,"end":3184.054}]},{"text":"You have the floor.","start":3184.216,"end":3184.916,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"You","start":3184.216,"end":3184.298},{"text":"have","start":3184.298,"end":3184.444},{"text":"the","start":3184.477,"end":3184.558},{"text":"floor.","start":3184.558,"end":3184.916}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"COPUOS","affiliation_full":"COPUOS","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":14,"start":3188.396,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1a/k1ad4k1m9e?t=3189","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you very much, Chair.","start":3188.396,"end":3189.259,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":3188.396,"end":3188.575},{"text":"you","start":3188.575,"end":3188.656},{"text":"very","start":3188.656,"end":3188.819},{"text":"much,","start":3188.819,"end":3189.031},{"text":"Chair.","start":3189.129,"end":3189.259}]},{"text":"Chair, ladies and gentlemen, colleagues.","start":3190.881,"end":3193.357,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Chair,","start":3190.881,"end":3191.012},{"text":"ladies","start":3191.468,"end":3191.679},{"text":"and","start":3191.777,"end":3191.875},{"text":"gentlemen,","start":3191.875,"end":3192.217},{"text":"colleagues.","start":3192.933,"end":3193.357}]},{"text":"France is pleased with the international dialogue on the consequences of the impact of a near-Earth object on our planet.","start":3196.43,"end":3204.496,"topics":[{"key":"asteroid-awareness","label":"Asteroid Awareness","description":"Delegations repeatedly welcomed the designation of 2029 as the International Year of Asteroid Awareness and Planetary Defense. This topic centered on public education, outreach, scientific engagement, and using the close approach of Apophis to raise global awareness."}],"words":[{"text":"France","start":3196.43,"end":3196.622},{"text":"is","start":3196.622,"end":3196.719},{"text":"pleased","start":3196.783,"end":3197.313},{"text":"with","start":3197.587,"end":3197.747},{"text":"the","start":3197.747,"end":3197.908},{"text":"international","start":3197.908,"end":3198.535},{"text":"dialogue","start":3198.535,"end":3199.113},{"text":"on","start":3199.354,"end":3199.483},{"text":"the","start":3199.499,"end":3199.595},{"text":"consequences","start":3199.595,"end":3200.367},{"text":"of","start":3200.479,"end":3200.64},{"text":"the","start":3200.64,"end":3200.784},{"text":"impact","start":3200.8,"end":3201.363},{"text":"of","start":3201.524,"end":3201.7},{"text":"a","start":3201.829,"end":3201.861},{"text":"near-Earth","start":3201.861,"end":3202.488},{"text":"object","start":3203.275,"end":3203.789},{"text":"on","start":3203.838,"end":3203.886},{"text":"our","start":3203.918,"end":3204.014},{"text":"planet.","start":3204.014,"end":3204.496}]},{"text":"This is to raise awareness in public opinion and to promote international cooperation.","start":3204.979,"end":3209.48,"topics":[{"key":"asteroid-awareness","label":"Asteroid Awareness","description":"Delegations repeatedly welcomed the designation of 2029 as the International Year of Asteroid Awareness and Planetary Defense. This topic centered on public education, outreach, scientific engagement, and using the close approach of Apophis to raise global awareness."},{"key":"planetary-defense-cooperation","label":"Planetary Defense Cooperation","description":"Many speakers stressed that asteroid threats require coordinated international action through mechanisms such as IAWN, SMPAG, UNOOSA, and joint exercises. The discussion focused on sharing observations, aligning response procedures, and building common preparedness against impact risks."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":3204.979,"end":3205.091},{"text":"is","start":3205.155,"end":3205.236},{"text":"to","start":3205.3,"end":3205.428},{"text":"raise","start":3205.461,"end":3205.67},{"text":"awareness","start":3205.702,"end":3206.14},{"text":"in","start":3206.578,"end":3206.642},{"text":"public","start":3206.675,"end":3207.064},{"text":"opinion","start":3207.064,"end":3207.437},{"text":"and","start":3207.632,"end":3207.713},{"text":"to","start":3207.713,"end":3207.778},{"text":"promote","start":3207.81,"end":3208.118},{"text":"international","start":3208.297,"end":3208.815},{"text":"cooperation.","start":3208.864,"end":3209.48}]},{"text":"Here, I would like to hail the work of the SMPA As well as by the International Asteroid Warning Network.","start":3210.405,"end":3222.899,"topics":[{"key":"planetary-defense-cooperation","label":"Planetary Defense Cooperation","description":"Many speakers stressed that asteroid threats require coordinated international action through mechanisms such as IAWN, SMPAG, UNOOSA, and joint exercises. The discussion focused on sharing observations, aligning response procedures, and building common preparedness against impact risks."},{"key":"neo-monitoring","label":"NEO Monitoring and Early Warning","description":"A major theme was the detection, tracking, characterization, and risk assessment of near-Earth objects using ground-based and space-based systems. Several statements highlighted early warning thresholds, impact probability updates, and the recent case of asteroid 2024 YR4."}],"words":[{"text":"Here,","start":3210.405,"end":3210.745},{"text":"I","start":3211.037,"end":3211.053},{"text":"would","start":3211.053,"end":3211.183},{"text":"like","start":3211.199,"end":3211.378},{"text":"to","start":3211.378,"end":3211.507},{"text":"hail","start":3211.524,"end":3211.653},{"text":"the","start":3211.767,"end":3211.815},{"text":"work","start":3211.929,"end":3212.124},{"text":"of","start":3213.226,"end":3213.405},{"text":"the","start":3213.551,"end":3213.794},{"text":"SMPA","start":3213.81,"end":3214.686},{"text":"As","start":3218.066,"end":3218.13},{"text":"well","start":3218.243,"end":3218.532},{"text":"as","start":3219.11,"end":3219.174},{"text":"by","start":3219.286,"end":3219.399},{"text":"the","start":3219.752,"end":3219.913},{"text":"International","start":3219.929,"end":3220.683},{"text":"Asteroid","start":3221.117,"end":3221.695},{"text":"Warning","start":3222.016,"end":3222.305},{"text":"Network.","start":3222.401,"end":3222.899}]},{"text":"We participate in these through the CNES and the Côte d'Azur Observatory.","start":3223.686,"end":3227.925,"topics":[{"key":"planetary-defense-cooperation","label":"Planetary Defense Cooperation","description":"Many speakers stressed that asteroid threats require coordinated international action through mechanisms such as IAWN, SMPAG, UNOOSA, and joint exercises. The discussion focused on sharing observations, aligning response procedures, and building common preparedness against impact risks."},{"key":"neo-monitoring","label":"NEO Monitoring and Early Warning","description":"A major theme was the detection, tracking, characterization, and risk assessment of near-Earth objects using ground-based and space-based systems. Several statements highlighted early warning thresholds, impact probability updates, and the recent case of asteroid 2024 YR4."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3223.686,"end":3223.862},{"text":"participate","start":3223.862,"end":3224.521},{"text":"in","start":3224.521,"end":3224.569},{"text":"these","start":3224.649,"end":3224.874},{"text":"through","start":3224.906,"end":3225.067},{"text":"the","start":3225.067,"end":3225.147},{"text":"CNES","start":3225.147,"end":3225.821},{"text":"and","start":3226.175,"end":3226.415},{"text":"the","start":3226.415,"end":3226.512},{"text":"Côte","start":3226.512,"end":3226.737},{"text":"d'Azur","start":3226.737,"end":3227.17},{"text":"Observatory.","start":3227.234,"end":3227.925}]},{"text":"These 2 bodies allow us to contribute to tackling the global challenge of NEOs by detecting them first and then monitoring them and diverting them if necessary.","start":3229.065,"end":3239.887,"topics":[{"key":"neo-monitoring","label":"NEO Monitoring and Early Warning","description":"A major theme was the detection, tracking, characterization, and risk assessment of near-Earth objects using ground-based and space-based systems. Several statements highlighted early warning thresholds, impact probability updates, and the recent case of asteroid 2024 YR4."},{"key":"asteroid-deflection","label":"Asteroid Deflection and Mitigation Missions","description":"Speakers discussed missions and technologies intended to understand or demonstrate how dangerous asteroids could be deflected. DART, Hera, and planned Apophis-related missions were presented as key steps in developing practical mitigation options."}],"words":[{"text":"These","start":3229.065,"end":3229.29},{"text":"2","start":3229.563,"end":3229.739},{"text":"bodies","start":3229.803,"end":3230.253},{"text":"allow","start":3230.365,"end":3230.558},{"text":"us","start":3230.687,"end":3230.799},{"text":"to","start":3230.927,"end":3231.136},{"text":"contribute","start":3231.152,"end":3231.634},{"text":"to","start":3231.634,"end":3231.73},{"text":"tackling","start":3231.73,"end":3232.1},{"text":"the","start":3232.132,"end":3232.292},{"text":"global","start":3232.292,"end":3232.597},{"text":"challenge","start":3232.838,"end":3233.256},{"text":"of","start":3233.256,"end":3233.384},{"text":"NEOs","start":3233.384,"end":3233.753},{"text":"by","start":3234.781,"end":3235.022},{"text":"detecting","start":3235.022,"end":3235.471},{"text":"them","start":3235.568,"end":3235.632},{"text":"first","start":3235.728,"end":3236.387},{"text":"and","start":3236.611,"end":3236.676},{"text":"then","start":3236.772,"end":3236.852},{"text":"monitoring","start":3237.029,"end":3237.543},{"text":"them","start":3237.655,"end":3237.8},{"text":"and","start":3238.217,"end":3238.474},{"text":"diverting","start":3238.474,"end":3238.924},{"text":"them","start":3238.956,"end":3239.068},{"text":"if","start":3239.132,"end":3239.261},{"text":"necessary.","start":3239.293,"end":3239.887}]},{"text":"We contribute to the observation of NEOs from the ground, but also to scientific space missions for observation and return of asteroid samples, as well as planetary defense missions.","start":3240.883,"end":3253.413,"topics":[{"key":"neo-monitoring","label":"NEO Monitoring and Early Warning","description":"A major theme was the detection, tracking, characterization, and risk assessment of near-Earth objects using ground-based and space-based systems. Several statements highlighted early warning thresholds, impact probability updates, and the recent case of asteroid 2024 YR4."},{"key":"asteroid-deflection","label":"Asteroid Deflection and Mitigation Missions","description":"Speakers discussed missions and technologies intended to understand or demonstrate how dangerous asteroids could be deflected. DART, Hera, and planned Apophis-related missions were presented as key steps in developing practical mitigation options."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3240.883,"end":3240.979},{"text":"contribute","start":3241.043,"end":3241.718},{"text":"to","start":3241.767,"end":3241.911},{"text":"the","start":3241.911,"end":3241.991},{"text":"observation","start":3242.008,"end":3242.538},{"text":"of","start":3242.65,"end":3242.731},{"text":"NEOs","start":3242.731,"end":3243.052},{"text":"from","start":3243.132,"end":3243.293},{"text":"the","start":3243.293,"end":3243.373},{"text":"ground,","start":3243.373,"end":3243.647},{"text":"but","start":3244.82,"end":3244.964},{"text":"also","start":3244.964,"end":3245.463},{"text":"to","start":3245.768,"end":3245.993},{"text":"scientific","start":3246.121,"end":3246.764},{"text":"space","start":3246.764,"end":3247.037},{"text":"missions","start":3247.15,"end":3247.6},{"text":"for","start":3247.696,"end":3247.825},{"text":"observation","start":3248.098,"end":3248.869},{"text":"and","start":3249.142,"end":3249.319},{"text":"return","start":3249.319,"end":3249.689},{"text":"of","start":3250.19,"end":3250.352},{"text":"asteroid","start":3250.352,"end":3250.773},{"text":"samples,","start":3250.773,"end":3251.307},{"text":"as","start":3251.485,"end":3251.55},{"text":"well","start":3251.663,"end":3251.858},{"text":"as","start":3251.923,"end":3252.036},{"text":"planetary","start":3252.149,"end":3252.635},{"text":"defense","start":3252.635,"end":3252.975},{"text":"missions.","start":3253.04,"end":3253.413}]},{"text":"In this manner, we've provided lander subsystems for the MASCOT and also a hyperspectral infrared microscope, Micro-Omega.","start":3254.741,"end":3262.653,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":3254.741,"end":3254.789},{"text":"this","start":3254.886,"end":3255.081},{"text":"manner,","start":3255.081,"end":3255.356},{"text":"we've","start":3255.47,"end":3255.712},{"text":"provided","start":3255.712,"end":3256.328},{"text":"lander","start":3256.749,"end":3257.105},{"text":"subsystems","start":3257.105,"end":3257.867},{"text":"for","start":3257.899,"end":3258.029},{"text":"the","start":3258.045,"end":3258.11},{"text":"MASCOT","start":3258.11,"end":3258.724},{"text":"and","start":3258.853,"end":3259.161},{"text":"also","start":3259.258,"end":3259.565},{"text":"a","start":3259.662,"end":3259.678},{"text":"hyperspectral","start":3259.743,"end":3260.438},{"text":"infrared","start":3260.567,"end":3261.02},{"text":"microscope,","start":3261.069,"end":3261.78},{"text":"Micro-Omega.","start":3261.926,"end":3262.653}]},{"text":"This was for the Hayabusa 2 mission of JAXA.","start":3263.381,"end":3265.629,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":3263.381,"end":3263.559},{"text":"was","start":3263.559,"end":3263.688},{"text":"for","start":3263.785,"end":3263.882},{"text":"the","start":3263.882,"end":3264.044},{"text":"Hayabusa","start":3264.044,"end":3264.675},{"text":"2","start":3264.675,"end":3264.852},{"text":"mission","start":3264.852,"end":3265.144},{"text":"of","start":3265.241,"end":3265.305},{"text":"JAXA.","start":3265.338,"end":3265.629}]},{"text":"It brought back to Earth samples from the Ryugu asteroid.","start":3266.557,"end":3270.028,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"It","start":3266.557,"end":3266.654},{"text":"brought","start":3266.654,"end":3266.927},{"text":"back","start":3266.975,"end":3267.296},{"text":"to","start":3267.296,"end":3267.505},{"text":"Earth","start":3267.537,"end":3267.714},{"text":"samples","start":3267.714,"end":3268.228},{"text":"from","start":3268.261,"end":3268.421},{"text":"the","start":3268.502,"end":3268.582},{"text":"Ryugu","start":3268.582,"end":3269.08},{"text":"asteroid.","start":3269.61,"end":3270.028}]},{"text":"The French scientific community also participates in the OSIRIS-REx and OSIRIS-APEX missions from NASA.","start":3271.378,"end":3277.918,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":3271.378,"end":3271.474},{"text":"French","start":3271.474,"end":3271.764},{"text":"scientific","start":3271.796,"end":3272.278},{"text":"community","start":3272.278,"end":3272.728},{"text":"also","start":3272.985,"end":3273.242},{"text":"participates","start":3273.306,"end":3274.238},{"text":"in","start":3274.27,"end":3274.415},{"text":"the","start":3274.447,"end":3274.527},{"text":"OSIRIS-REx","start":3274.688,"end":3275.716},{"text":"and","start":3275.733,"end":3275.797},{"text":"OSIRIS-APEX","start":3275.829,"end":3276.922},{"text":"missions","start":3276.922,"end":3277.307},{"text":"from","start":3277.388,"end":3277.58},{"text":"NASA.","start":3277.58,"end":3277.918}]},{"text":"100 milligrams from the ground and 3 rock sections were provided to France through preliminary analysis of samples brought back.","start":3278.609,"end":3288.025,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"100","start":3278.609,"end":3279.203},{"text":"milligrams","start":3279.252,"end":3279.798},{"text":"from","start":3279.91,"end":3280.055},{"text":"the","start":3280.151,"end":3280.344},{"text":"ground","start":3280.457,"end":3280.891},{"text":"and","start":3280.891,"end":3281.003},{"text":"3","start":3281.1,"end":3281.437},{"text":"rock","start":3281.582,"end":3281.774},{"text":"sections","start":3281.774,"end":3282.337},{"text":"were","start":3282.385,"end":3282.497},{"text":"provided","start":3282.642,"end":3283.156},{"text":"to","start":3283.269,"end":3283.413},{"text":"France","start":3283.446,"end":3284.008},{"text":"through","start":3284.956,"end":3285.133},{"text":"preliminary","start":3285.133,"end":3285.695},{"text":"analysis","start":3285.695,"end":3286.45},{"text":"of","start":3286.643,"end":3286.707},{"text":"samples","start":3286.756,"end":3287.27},{"text":"brought","start":3287.463,"end":3287.704},{"text":"back.","start":3287.704,"end":3288.025}]},{"text":"We're pleased with the recent launch Successful launch of the Hera mission of the ESA.","start":3289.311,"end":3296.288,"topics":[{"key":"asteroid-deflection","label":"Asteroid Deflection and Mitigation Missions","description":"Speakers discussed missions and technologies intended to understand or demonstrate how dangerous asteroids could be deflected. DART, Hera, and planned Apophis-related missions were presented as key steps in developing practical mitigation options."}],"words":[{"text":"We're","start":3289.311,"end":3289.616},{"text":"pleased","start":3289.712,"end":3290.837},{"text":"with","start":3290.901,"end":3291.062},{"text":"the","start":3291.062,"end":3291.142},{"text":"recent","start":3291.159,"end":3291.625},{"text":"launch","start":3291.625,"end":3291.93},{"text":"Successful","start":3292.298,"end":3292.827},{"text":"launch","start":3292.827,"end":3293.131},{"text":"of","start":3293.789,"end":3293.853},{"text":"the","start":3293.901,"end":3294.045},{"text":"Hera","start":3294.045,"end":3294.365},{"text":"mission","start":3294.365,"end":3294.734},{"text":"of","start":3295.567,"end":3295.647},{"text":"the","start":3295.647,"end":3295.84},{"text":"ESA.","start":3295.872,"end":3296.288}]},{"text":"This will characterize the impact of the DART probe from NASA in 2022 on the dimorphous moon and the double asteroid Didymos, as well as the proper properties of said asteroid.","start":3296.913,"end":3308.467,"topics":[{"key":"asteroid-deflection","label":"Asteroid Deflection and Mitigation Missions","description":"Speakers discussed missions and technologies intended to understand or demonstrate how dangerous asteroids could be deflected. DART, Hera, and planned Apophis-related missions were presented as key steps in developing practical mitigation options."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":3296.913,"end":3296.977},{"text":"will","start":3297.09,"end":3297.298},{"text":"characterize","start":3297.314,"end":3297.939},{"text":"the","start":3298.035,"end":3298.195},{"text":"impact","start":3298.275,"end":3298.708},{"text":"of","start":3298.708,"end":3298.82},{"text":"the","start":3299.013,"end":3299.253},{"text":"DART","start":3299.557,"end":3299.878},{"text":"probe","start":3299.878,"end":3300.23},{"text":"from","start":3300.279,"end":3300.391},{"text":"NASA","start":3300.455,"end":3300.968},{"text":"in","start":3301,"end":3301.096},{"text":"2022","start":3301.096,"end":3301.913},{"text":"on","start":3302.602,"end":3302.666},{"text":"the","start":3302.843,"end":3302.939},{"text":"dimorphous","start":3302.939,"end":3303.644},{"text":"moon","start":3303.644,"end":3303.868},{"text":"and","start":3304.125,"end":3304.301},{"text":"the","start":3304.301,"end":3304.445},{"text":"double","start":3304.445,"end":3304.653},{"text":"asteroid","start":3304.685,"end":3305.118},{"text":"Didymos,","start":3305.118,"end":3305.551},{"text":"as","start":3305.663,"end":3305.791},{"text":"well","start":3305.887,"end":3306.015},{"text":"as","start":3306.064,"end":3306.192},{"text":"the","start":3306.288,"end":3306.384},{"text":"proper","start":3306.384,"end":3306.769},{"text":"properties","start":3306.865,"end":3307.313},{"text":"of","start":3307.57,"end":3307.634},{"text":"said","start":3307.666,"end":3307.89},{"text":"asteroid.","start":3307.97,"end":3308.467}]},{"text":"Documenting this will allow for validation of digital impact simulations.","start":3309.028,"end":3315.166,"topics":[{"key":"asteroid-deflection","label":"Asteroid Deflection and Mitigation Missions","description":"Speakers discussed missions and technologies intended to understand or demonstrate how dangerous asteroids could be deflected. DART, Hera, and planned Apophis-related missions were presented as key steps in developing practical mitigation options."}],"words":[{"text":"Documenting","start":3309.028,"end":3309.797},{"text":"this","start":3309.829,"end":3310.022},{"text":"will","start":3310.935,"end":3311.095},{"text":"allow","start":3311.095,"end":3311.191},{"text":"for","start":3311.288,"end":3311.512},{"text":"validation","start":3311.512,"end":3312.361},{"text":"of","start":3313.018,"end":3313.163},{"text":"digital","start":3313.515,"end":3314.06},{"text":"impact","start":3314.06,"end":3314.412},{"text":"simulations.","start":3314.412,"end":3315.166}]},{"text":"The French community is also extremely present in characterizing near-Earth objects through various European programs.","start":3315.759,"end":3325.582,"topics":[{"key":"neo-monitoring","label":"NEO Monitoring and Early Warning","description":"A major theme was the detection, tracking, characterization, and risk assessment of near-Earth objects using ground-based and space-based systems. Several statements highlighted early warning thresholds, impact probability updates, and the recent case of asteroid 2024 YR4."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":3315.759,"end":3315.839},{"text":"French","start":3315.839,"end":3316.143},{"text":"community","start":3316.159,"end":3316.688},{"text":"is","start":3316.944,"end":3317.009},{"text":"also","start":3317.185,"end":3317.617},{"text":"extremely","start":3319.079,"end":3319.596},{"text":"present","start":3319.629,"end":3320.114},{"text":"in","start":3320.179,"end":3320.227},{"text":"characterizing","start":3320.276,"end":3321.133},{"text":"near-Earth","start":3322.055,"end":3322.427},{"text":"objects","start":3322.605,"end":3323.204},{"text":"through","start":3323.43,"end":3323.673},{"text":"various","start":3323.673,"end":3324.11},{"text":"European","start":3324.465,"end":3325.032},{"text":"programs.","start":3325.032,"end":3325.582}]},{"text":"We draw upon ground-based instruments to research the fall of meteorites through the FREPA network and continuous surveillance cameras.","start":3327.791,"end":3338.732,"topics":[{"key":"neo-monitoring","label":"NEO Monitoring and Early Warning","description":"A major theme was the detection, tracking, characterization, and risk assessment of near-Earth objects using ground-based and space-based systems. Several statements highlighted early warning thresholds, impact probability updates, and the recent case of asteroid 2024 YR4."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3327.791,"end":3328.018},{"text":"draw","start":3328.018,"end":3328.228},{"text":"upon","start":3328.341,"end":3328.632},{"text":"ground-based","start":3328.68,"end":3329.456},{"text":"instruments","start":3329.634,"end":3330.183},{"text":"to","start":3332.559,"end":3332.72},{"text":"research","start":3332.72,"end":3333.173},{"text":"the","start":3333.205,"end":3333.286},{"text":"fall","start":3333.286,"end":3333.48},{"text":"of","start":3333.528,"end":3333.658},{"text":"meteorites","start":3333.69,"end":3334.417},{"text":"through","start":3334.417,"end":3334.546},{"text":"the","start":3334.579,"end":3334.659},{"text":"FREPA","start":3334.87,"end":3335.127},{"text":"network","start":3335.127,"end":3335.69},{"text":"and","start":3335.771,"end":3336.286},{"text":"continuous","start":3337.219,"end":3337.67},{"text":"surveillance","start":3337.718,"end":3338.217},{"text":"cameras.","start":3338.266,"end":3338.732}]},{"text":"All of this is key to characterize The NEO population, as well as targets for space missions.","start":3340.438,"end":3348.535,"topics":[{"key":"neo-monitoring","label":"NEO Monitoring and Early Warning","description":"A major theme was the detection, tracking, characterization, and risk assessment of near-Earth objects using ground-based and space-based systems. Several statements highlighted early warning thresholds, impact probability updates, and the recent case of asteroid 2024 YR4."}],"words":[{"text":"All","start":3340.438,"end":3340.487},{"text":"of","start":3340.551,"end":3340.664},{"text":"this","start":3340.68,"end":3340.809},{"text":"is","start":3340.921,"end":3340.986},{"text":"key","start":3341.098,"end":3341.42},{"text":"to","start":3342.466,"end":3342.595},{"text":"characterize","start":3342.611,"end":3343.239},{"text":"The","start":3343.943,"end":3344.024},{"text":"NEO","start":3344.024,"end":3344.351},{"text":"population,","start":3344.351,"end":3344.972},{"text":"as","start":3346.786,"end":3346.933},{"text":"well","start":3346.966,"end":3347.146},{"text":"as","start":3347.146,"end":3347.26},{"text":"targets","start":3347.293,"end":3347.751},{"text":"for","start":3347.751,"end":3347.849},{"text":"space","start":3347.849,"end":3348.11},{"text":"missions.","start":3348.192,"end":3348.535}]},{"text":"This research also seeks to understand the atmosphere— the atmospheric reentry process on Earth and the related shockwave.","start":3351.1,"end":3358.931,"topics":[{"key":"reentry-safety","label":"Reentry Safety","description":"Several statements focused on the risks posed by spacecraft and rocket bodies reentering the atmosphere, including fragmentation, ground safety, and effects on air and maritime traffic. Speakers described observation campaigns and modeling efforts to improve predictions and support safer spacecraft design and disposal."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":3351.1,"end":3351.148},{"text":"research","start":3351.213,"end":3351.584},{"text":"also","start":3351.762,"end":3352.02},{"text":"seeks","start":3352.02,"end":3352.408},{"text":"to","start":3352.408,"end":3352.569},{"text":"understand","start":3352.585,"end":3353.28},{"text":"the","start":3353.296,"end":3353.441},{"text":"atmosphere—","start":3353.457,"end":3354.055},{"text":"the","start":3354.668,"end":3354.927},{"text":"atmospheric","start":3355.25,"end":3355.815},{"text":"reentry","start":3355.815,"end":3356.267},{"text":"process","start":3356.299,"end":3356.751},{"text":"on","start":3356.929,"end":3357.074},{"text":"Earth","start":3357.171,"end":3357.317},{"text":"and","start":3357.736,"end":3357.833},{"text":"the","start":3357.833,"end":3357.914},{"text":"related","start":3357.914,"end":3358.398},{"text":"shockwave.","start":3358.398,"end":3358.931}]},{"text":"In April 2029, the Apophis asteroid, measuring 340 meters across, will cross the Earth's orbit at a distance of 3.2 million kilometers.","start":3359.303,"end":3368.758,"topics":[{"key":"asteroid-awareness","label":"Asteroid Awareness","description":"Delegations repeatedly welcomed the designation of 2029 as the International Year of Asteroid Awareness and Planetary Defense. This topic centered on public education, outreach, scientific engagement, and using the close approach of Apophis to raise global awareness."},{"key":"neo-monitoring","label":"NEO Monitoring and Early Warning","description":"A major theme was the detection, tracking, characterization, and risk assessment of near-Earth objects using ground-based and space-based systems. Several statements highlighted early warning thresholds, impact probability updates, and the recent case of asteroid 2024 YR4."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":3359.303,"end":3359.384},{"text":"April","start":3359.61,"end":3359.82},{"text":"2029,","start":3359.82,"end":3360.625},{"text":"the","start":3360.738,"end":3360.802},{"text":"Apophis","start":3360.899,"end":3361.269},{"text":"asteroid,","start":3361.688,"end":3362.203},{"text":"measuring","start":3362.67,"end":3363.025},{"text":"340","start":3363.073,"end":3364.41},{"text":"meters","start":3364.442,"end":3364.812},{"text":"across,","start":3364.861,"end":3365.279},{"text":"will","start":3366.133,"end":3366.278},{"text":"cross","start":3366.278,"end":3366.536},{"text":"the","start":3366.536,"end":3366.6},{"text":"Earth's","start":3366.6,"end":3366.874},{"text":"orbit","start":3367.003,"end":3367.244},{"text":"at","start":3367.244,"end":3367.309},{"text":"a","start":3367.309,"end":3367.341},{"text":"distance","start":3367.341,"end":3367.631},{"text":"of","start":3367.679,"end":3367.712},{"text":"3.2","start":3367.744,"end":3368.227},{"text":"million","start":3368.227,"end":3368.501},{"text":"kilometers.","start":3368.549,"end":3368.758}]},{"text":"32,000 kilometers and will be struck by the tidal forces of the Earth.","start":3370.524,"end":3375.826,"topics":[{"key":"asteroid-awareness","label":"Asteroid Awareness","description":"Delegations repeatedly welcomed the designation of 2029 as the International Year of Asteroid Awareness and Planetary Defense. This topic centered on public education, outreach, scientific engagement, and using the close approach of Apophis to raise global awareness."},{"key":"neo-monitoring","label":"NEO Monitoring and Early Warning","description":"A major theme was the detection, tracking, characterization, and risk assessment of near-Earth objects using ground-based and space-based systems. Several statements highlighted early warning thresholds, impact probability updates, and the recent case of asteroid 2024 YR4."}],"words":[{"text":"32,000","start":3370.524,"end":3371.3},{"text":"kilometers","start":3371.333,"end":3371.947},{"text":"and","start":3373.094,"end":3373.369},{"text":"will","start":3373.515,"end":3373.644},{"text":"be","start":3373.757,"end":3373.854},{"text":"struck","start":3374.097,"end":3374.468},{"text":"by","start":3374.468,"end":3374.565},{"text":"the","start":3374.565,"end":3374.711},{"text":"tidal","start":3374.711,"end":3374.937},{"text":"forces","start":3374.97,"end":3375.341},{"text":"of","start":3375.374,"end":3375.519},{"text":"the","start":3375.519,"end":3375.616},{"text":"Earth.","start":3375.616,"end":3375.826}]},{"text":"This will mean that the asteroid will be visible to the naked eye by 2 billion people in Europe and in Africa.","start":3377.305,"end":3383.045,"topics":[{"key":"asteroid-awareness","label":"Asteroid Awareness","description":"Delegations repeatedly welcomed the designation of 2029 as the International Year of Asteroid Awareness and Planetary Defense. This topic centered on public education, outreach, scientific engagement, and using the close approach of Apophis to raise global awareness."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":3377.305,"end":3377.531},{"text":"will","start":3377.531,"end":3377.596},{"text":"mean","start":3377.628,"end":3377.837},{"text":"that","start":3377.87,"end":3378.015},{"text":"the","start":3378.015,"end":3378.095},{"text":"asteroid","start":3378.176,"end":3378.66},{"text":"will","start":3378.66,"end":3378.821},{"text":"be","start":3378.821,"end":3379.031},{"text":"visible","start":3379.401,"end":3379.724},{"text":"to","start":3379.804,"end":3379.933},{"text":"the","start":3379.949,"end":3379.982},{"text":"naked","start":3379.982,"end":3380.433},{"text":"eye","start":3380.433,"end":3380.482},{"text":"by","start":3380.611,"end":3380.804},{"text":"2","start":3380.836,"end":3380.949},{"text":"billion","start":3381.014,"end":3381.239},{"text":"people","start":3381.336,"end":3381.675},{"text":"in","start":3381.723,"end":3381.787},{"text":"Europe","start":3381.82,"end":3382.158},{"text":"and","start":3382.368,"end":3382.465},{"text":"in","start":3382.465,"end":3382.513},{"text":"Africa.","start":3382.61,"end":3383.045}]},{"text":"This is a unique opportunity, one that happens only once a millennium.","start":3383.899,"end":3388.425,"topics":[{"key":"asteroid-awareness","label":"Asteroid Awareness","description":"Delegations repeatedly welcomed the designation of 2029 as the International Year of Asteroid Awareness and Planetary Defense. This topic centered on public education, outreach, scientific engagement, and using the close approach of Apophis to raise global awareness."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":3383.899,"end":3384.077},{"text":"is","start":3384.077,"end":3384.174},{"text":"a","start":3384.238,"end":3384.254},{"text":"unique","start":3384.48,"end":3384.722},{"text":"opportunity,","start":3384.786,"end":3385.334},{"text":"one","start":3386.654,"end":3386.783},{"text":"that","start":3386.879,"end":3386.976},{"text":"happens","start":3386.976,"end":3387.362},{"text":"only","start":3387.362,"end":3387.588},{"text":"once","start":3387.62,"end":3387.861},{"text":"a","start":3387.861,"end":3387.877},{"text":"millennium.","start":3387.877,"end":3388.425}]},{"text":"We can build our knowledge of the properties of NEOs and how they respond to external That's why we're currently studying the possibility of providing several types of instruments to the RAMSES ESA mission, which might be launched in spring 2028 and get to Apophis in February 2029.","start":3389.793,"end":3410.932,"topics":[{"key":"asteroid-deflection","label":"Asteroid Deflection and Mitigation Missions","description":"Speakers discussed missions and technologies intended to understand or demonstrate how dangerous asteroids could be deflected. DART, Hera, and planned Apophis-related missions were presented as key steps in developing practical mitigation options."},{"key":"neo-monitoring","label":"NEO Monitoring and Early Warning","description":"A major theme was the detection, tracking, characterization, and risk assessment of near-Earth objects using ground-based and space-based systems. Several statements highlighted early warning thresholds, impact probability updates, and the recent case of asteroid 2024 YR4."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3389.793,"end":3389.874},{"text":"can","start":3389.938,"end":3390.083},{"text":"build","start":3390.115,"end":3390.373},{"text":"our","start":3390.373,"end":3390.598},{"text":"knowledge","start":3390.598,"end":3391.081},{"text":"of","start":3391.081,"end":3391.178},{"text":"the","start":3391.226,"end":3391.323},{"text":"properties","start":3391.323,"end":3391.774},{"text":"of","start":3391.87,"end":3392.047},{"text":"NEOs","start":3392.047,"end":3392.385},{"text":"and","start":3394.124,"end":3394.269},{"text":"how","start":3394.285,"end":3394.333},{"text":"they","start":3394.384,"end":3394.538},{"text":"respond","start":3394.555,"end":3394.982},{"text":"to","start":3394.982,"end":3395.033},{"text":"external","start":3395.033,"end":3397.323},{"text":"That's","start":3397.841,"end":3398.146},{"text":"why","start":3398.146,"end":3398.291},{"text":"we're","start":3398.548,"end":3398.693},{"text":"currently","start":3398.725,"end":3399.142},{"text":"studying","start":3399.142,"end":3399.978},{"text":"the","start":3400.074,"end":3400.154},{"text":"possibility","start":3400.154,"end":3400.636},{"text":"of","start":3400.636,"end":3400.732},{"text":"providing","start":3400.732,"end":3401.134},{"text":"several","start":3401.937,"end":3402.194},{"text":"types","start":3402.194,"end":3402.499},{"text":"of","start":3402.499,"end":3402.644},{"text":"instruments","start":3402.644,"end":3403.222},{"text":"to","start":3403.688,"end":3403.784},{"text":"the","start":3403.784,"end":3403.865},{"text":"RAMSES","start":3403.865,"end":3404.314},{"text":"ESA","start":3404.652,"end":3404.844},{"text":"mission,","start":3404.844,"end":3405.198},{"text":"which","start":3405.872,"end":3406.001},{"text":"might","start":3406.097,"end":3406.338},{"text":"be","start":3406.338,"end":3406.434},{"text":"launched","start":3406.499,"end":3406.868},{"text":"in","start":3406.981,"end":3407.045},{"text":"spring","start":3407.141,"end":3407.446},{"text":"2028","start":3407.479,"end":3408.506},{"text":"and","start":3408.523,"end":3408.587},{"text":"get","start":3408.683,"end":3408.844},{"text":"to","start":3408.844,"end":3408.924},{"text":"Apophis","start":3408.988,"end":3409.374},{"text":"in","start":3409.47,"end":3409.615},{"text":"February","start":3409.631,"end":3410.048},{"text":"2029.","start":3410.048,"end":3410.932}]},{"text":"Finally, we're part of the Hayabusa mission from JAXA.","start":3412.04,"end":3415.333,"topics":[{"key":"neo-monitoring","label":"NEO Monitoring and Early Warning","description":"A major theme was the detection, tracking, characterization, and risk assessment of near-Earth objects using ground-based and space-based systems. Several statements highlighted early warning thresholds, impact probability updates, and the recent case of asteroid 2024 YR4."}],"words":[{"text":"Finally,","start":3412.04,"end":3412.345},{"text":"we're","start":3412.843,"end":3413.02},{"text":"part","start":3413.02,"end":3413.245},{"text":"of","start":3413.245,"end":3413.325},{"text":"the","start":3413.325,"end":3413.422},{"text":"Hayabusa","start":3413.422,"end":3414.144},{"text":"mission","start":3414.144,"end":3414.514},{"text":"from","start":3414.61,"end":3414.851},{"text":"JAXA.","start":3414.851,"end":3415.333}]},{"text":"In 2031, it will be visiting the NEO asteroid 1998 KY26.","start":3415.59,"end":3421.115,"topics":[{"key":"neo-monitoring","label":"NEO Monitoring and Early Warning","description":"A major theme was the detection, tracking, characterization, and risk assessment of near-Earth objects using ground-based and space-based systems. Several statements highlighted early warning thresholds, impact probability updates, and the recent case of asteroid 2024 YR4."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":3415.59,"end":3415.638},{"text":"2031,","start":3415.67,"end":3416.425},{"text":"it","start":3416.634,"end":3416.714},{"text":"will","start":3416.714,"end":3416.843},{"text":"be","start":3416.875,"end":3417.132},{"text":"visiting","start":3417.18,"end":3417.549},{"text":"the","start":3417.678,"end":3417.774},{"text":"NEO","start":3417.774,"end":3418.144},{"text":"asteroid","start":3418.304,"end":3418.85},{"text":"1998","start":3419.3,"end":3420.569},{"text":"KY26.","start":3420.569,"end":3421.115}]},{"text":"2006, which is about 30 meters across.","start":3421.748,"end":3424.239,"topics":[{"key":"neo-monitoring","label":"NEO Monitoring and Early Warning","description":"A major theme was the detection, tracking, characterization, and risk assessment of near-Earth objects using ground-based and space-based systems. Several statements highlighted early warning thresholds, impact probability updates, and the recent case of asteroid 2024 YR4."}],"words":[{"text":"2006,","start":3421.748,"end":3422.441},{"text":"which","start":3422.523,"end":3422.639},{"text":"is","start":3422.705,"end":3422.754},{"text":"about","start":3422.804,"end":3423.068},{"text":"30","start":3423.183,"end":3423.53},{"text":"meters","start":3423.53,"end":3423.909},{"text":"across.","start":3423.942,"end":3424.239}]},{"text":"That object exploded— or rather, it's close to the size of the object that exploded above Siberia in 1908.","start":3426.899,"end":3432.55,"topics":[{"key":"neo-monitoring","label":"NEO Monitoring and Early Warning","description":"A major theme was the detection, tracking, characterization, and risk assessment of near-Earth objects using ground-based and space-based systems. Several statements highlighted early warning thresholds, impact probability updates, and the recent case of asteroid 2024 YR4."}],"words":[{"text":"That","start":3426.899,"end":3427.14},{"text":"object","start":3427.221,"end":3427.559},{"text":"exploded—","start":3427.559,"end":3428.573},{"text":"or","start":3428.686,"end":3428.75},{"text":"rather,","start":3428.75,"end":3429.121},{"text":"it's","start":3429.249,"end":3429.41},{"text":"close","start":3429.41,"end":3429.652},{"text":"to","start":3429.652,"end":3429.733},{"text":"the","start":3429.733,"end":3429.813},{"text":"size","start":3429.813,"end":3430.022},{"text":"of","start":3430.071,"end":3430.151},{"text":"the","start":3430.199,"end":3430.28},{"text":"object","start":3430.296,"end":3430.538},{"text":"that","start":3430.538,"end":3430.683},{"text":"exploded","start":3430.683,"end":3431.117},{"text":"above","start":3431.117,"end":3431.359},{"text":"Siberia","start":3431.359,"end":3431.81},{"text":"in","start":3431.81,"end":3431.874},{"text":"1908.","start":3431.89,"end":3432.55}]},{"text":"Chair, my delegation welcomes the adoption of the resolution by the General Assembly marking 2029 as the International Asteroid Awareness and Planetary Defense Year.","start":3433.098,"end":3443.881,"topics":[{"key":"asteroid-awareness","label":"Asteroid Awareness","description":"Delegations repeatedly welcomed the designation of 2029 as the International Year of Asteroid Awareness and Planetary Defense. This topic centered on public education, outreach, scientific engagement, and using the close approach of Apophis to raise global awareness."}],"words":[{"text":"Chair,","start":3433.098,"end":3433.275},{"text":"my","start":3433.436,"end":3433.613},{"text":"delegation","start":3433.613,"end":3434.128},{"text":"welcomes","start":3434.241,"end":3434.611},{"text":"the","start":3434.949,"end":3435.159},{"text":"adoption","start":3435.271,"end":3435.674},{"text":"of","start":3435.674,"end":3435.771},{"text":"the","start":3435.771,"end":3435.835},{"text":"resolution","start":3435.9,"end":3436.303},{"text":"by","start":3436.819,"end":3436.98},{"text":"the","start":3436.98,"end":3437.061},{"text":"General","start":3437.125,"end":3437.48},{"text":"Assembly","start":3437.48,"end":3437.996},{"text":"marking","start":3438.609,"end":3438.964},{"text":"2029","start":3439.222,"end":3440.012},{"text":"as","start":3440.512,"end":3440.658},{"text":"the","start":3440.77,"end":3440.98},{"text":"International","start":3441.012,"end":3441.609},{"text":"Asteroid","start":3441.803,"end":3442.206},{"text":"Awareness","start":3442.287,"end":3442.706},{"text":"and","start":3442.706,"end":3442.867},{"text":"Planetary","start":3442.867,"end":3443.351},{"text":"Defense","start":3443.4,"end":3443.748},{"text":"Year.","start":3443.748,"end":3443.881}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"France.","start":3445.093,"end":3445.924,"topics":[{"key":"asteroid-awareness","label":"Asteroid Awareness","description":"Delegations repeatedly welcomed the designation of 2029 as the International Year of Asteroid Awareness and Planetary Defense. This topic centered on public education, outreach, scientific engagement, and using the close approach of Apophis to raise global awareness."}],"words":[{"text":"France.","start":3445.093,"end":3445.924}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"Also welcomes international cooperation underway currently in IAWN and SMPAG following the recent discovery of the NEO in 2024 YR4, which is 40 to 90 meters and with a probability rate of impacting the Earth of 1.3% in December 2032.","start":3446.896,"end":3470.758,"topics":[{"key":"neo-monitoring","label":"NEO Monitoring and Early Warning","description":"A major theme was the detection, tracking, characterization, and risk assessment of near-Earth objects using ground-based and space-based systems. Several statements highlighted early warning thresholds, impact probability updates, and the recent case of asteroid 2024 YR4."},{"key":"planetary-defense-cooperation","label":"Planetary Defense Cooperation","description":"Many speakers stressed that asteroid threats require coordinated international action through mechanisms such as IAWN, SMPAG, UNOOSA, and joint exercises. The discussion focused on sharing observations, aligning response procedures, and building common preparedness against impact risks."}],"words":[{"text":"Also","start":3446.896,"end":3447.297},{"text":"welcomes","start":3448.276,"end":3448.725},{"text":"international","start":3449.239,"end":3449.865},{"text":"cooperation","start":3449.865,"end":3450.49},{"text":"underway","start":3451.469,"end":3451.887},{"text":"currently","start":3451.887,"end":3452.416},{"text":"in","start":3452.593,"end":3452.737},{"text":"IAWN","start":3453.315,"end":3454.085},{"text":"and","start":3454.358,"end":3454.679},{"text":"SMPAG","start":3454.759,"end":3455.754},{"text":"following","start":3456.685,"end":3456.99},{"text":"the","start":3457.022,"end":3457.102},{"text":"recent","start":3457.102,"end":3457.375},{"text":"discovery","start":3457.375,"end":3457.872},{"text":"of","start":3457.904,"end":3458.001},{"text":"the","start":3458.001,"end":3458.065},{"text":"NEO","start":3458.065,"end":3458.338},{"text":"in","start":3458.386,"end":3458.434},{"text":"2024","start":3458.466,"end":3459.702},{"text":"YR4,","start":3460.857,"end":3461.13},{"text":"which","start":3461.916,"end":3462.044},{"text":"is","start":3462.093,"end":3462.205},{"text":"40","start":3462.237,"end":3462.478},{"text":"to","start":3462.478,"end":3462.574},{"text":"90","start":3462.574,"end":3462.895},{"text":"meters","start":3462.895,"end":3463.328},{"text":"and","start":3464.147,"end":3464.532},{"text":"with","start":3465.206,"end":3465.382},{"text":"a","start":3465.43,"end":3465.527},{"text":"probability","start":3465.607,"end":3466.217},{"text":"rate","start":3466.313,"end":3466.49},{"text":"of","start":3466.49,"end":3466.618},{"text":"impacting","start":3466.65,"end":3467.099},{"text":"the","start":3467.196,"end":3467.292},{"text":"Earth","start":3467.292,"end":3467.501},{"text":"of","start":3467.773,"end":3467.87},{"text":"1.3%","start":3467.934,"end":3468.688},{"text":"in","start":3468.736,"end":3469.089},{"text":"December","start":3469.137,"end":3469.474},{"text":"2032.","start":3469.474,"end":3470.758}]},{"text":"All of these space and observation missions on the ground work together to help us detect, monitor, characterize, and divert asteroids threatening the Earth.","start":3471.689,"end":3481.306,"topics":[{"key":"neo-monitoring","label":"NEO Monitoring and Early Warning","description":"A major theme was the detection, tracking, characterization, and risk assessment of near-Earth objects using ground-based and space-based systems. Several statements highlighted early warning thresholds, impact probability updates, and the recent case of asteroid 2024 YR4."},{"key":"asteroid-deflection","label":"Asteroid Deflection and Mitigation Missions","description":"Speakers discussed missions and technologies intended to understand or demonstrate how dangerous asteroids could be deflected. DART, Hera, and planned Apophis-related missions were presented as key steps in developing practical mitigation options."}],"words":[{"text":"All","start":3471.689,"end":3471.737},{"text":"of","start":3471.769,"end":3471.849},{"text":"these","start":3471.865,"end":3472.074},{"text":"space","start":3472.202,"end":3472.507},{"text":"and","start":3472.507,"end":3472.652},{"text":"observation","start":3472.652,"end":3473.278},{"text":"missions","start":3473.31,"end":3473.679},{"text":"on","start":3473.775,"end":3473.839},{"text":"the","start":3473.871,"end":3473.952},{"text":"ground","start":3473.936,"end":3474.369},{"text":"work","start":3474.738,"end":3474.915},{"text":"together","start":3474.915,"end":3475.429},{"text":"to","start":3475.798,"end":3475.878},{"text":"help","start":3475.878,"end":3476.119},{"text":"us","start":3476.119,"end":3476.167},{"text":"detect,","start":3476.264,"end":3476.697},{"text":"monitor,","start":3477.083,"end":3477.548},{"text":"characterize,","start":3477.805,"end":3478.496},{"text":"and","start":3478.993,"end":3479.218},{"text":"divert","start":3479.555,"end":3480.053},{"text":"asteroids","start":3480.053,"end":3480.583},{"text":"threatening","start":3480.615,"end":3480.984},{"text":"the","start":3481.081,"end":3481.257},{"text":"Earth.","start":3481.257,"end":3481.306}]},{"text":"Thank you.","start":3481.643,"end":3482.012,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":3481.643,"end":3481.819},{"text":"you.","start":3481.819,"end":3482.012}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"FRA","affiliation_full":"France","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":15,"start":3483.184,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1a/k1ad4k1m9e?t=3484","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of France for the statement.","start":3483.184,"end":3486.155,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":3483.184,"end":3483.2},{"text":"thank","start":3483.248,"end":3483.425},{"text":"the","start":3483.425,"end":3483.57},{"text":"distinguished","start":3483.57,"end":3484.003},{"text":"representative","start":3484.051,"end":3484.71},{"text":"of","start":3484.71,"end":3484.79},{"text":"France","start":3484.79,"end":3485.255},{"text":"for","start":3485.255,"end":3485.32},{"text":"the","start":3485.416,"end":3485.512},{"text":"statement.","start":3485.512,"end":3486.155}]},{"text":"The next speaker on my list is the distinguished representative of Japan.","start":3486.62,"end":3489.816,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":3486.62,"end":3486.652},{"text":"next","start":3486.652,"end":3486.909},{"text":"speaker","start":3486.909,"end":3487.263},{"text":"on","start":3487.263,"end":3487.295},{"text":"my","start":3487.295,"end":3487.455},{"text":"list","start":3487.519,"end":3487.841},{"text":"is","start":3487.841,"end":3487.889},{"text":"the","start":3487.921,"end":3488.081},{"text":"distinguished","start":3488.081,"end":3488.563},{"text":"representative","start":3488.563,"end":3489.286},{"text":"of","start":3489.286,"end":3489.446},{"text":"Japan.","start":3489.446,"end":3489.816}]},{"text":"You have the floor.","start":3489.928,"end":3490.634,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"You","start":3489.928,"end":3490.056},{"text":"have","start":3490.072,"end":3490.217},{"text":"the","start":3490.265,"end":3490.378},{"text":"floor.","start":3490.394,"end":3490.634}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"COPUOS","affiliation_full":"COPUOS","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":16,"start":3491.758,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1a/k1ad4k1m9e?t=3492","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Chair, distinguished delegates.","start":3491.758,"end":3494.038,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":3491.758,"end":3491.951},{"text":"you,","start":3491.951,"end":3492.096},{"text":"Chair,","start":3492.417,"end":3492.658},{"text":"distinguished","start":3492.882,"end":3493.525},{"text":"delegates.","start":3493.525,"end":3494.038}]},{"text":"Japan recognizes the importance of the exploration of asteroids.","start":3494.729,"end":3499.128,"topics":[{"key":"neo-monitoring","label":"NEO Monitoring and Early Warning","description":"A major theme was the detection, tracking, characterization, and risk assessment of near-Earth objects using ground-based and space-based systems. Several statements highlighted early warning thresholds, impact probability updates, and the recent case of asteroid 2024 YR4."}],"words":[{"text":"Japan","start":3494.729,"end":3495.034},{"text":"recognizes","start":3495.066,"end":3495.837},{"text":"the","start":3496.013,"end":3496.094},{"text":"importance","start":3496.094,"end":3496.688},{"text":"of","start":3496.752,"end":3496.913},{"text":"the","start":3496.913,"end":3497.137},{"text":"exploration","start":3497.731,"end":3498.277},{"text":"of","start":3498.342,"end":3498.582},{"text":"asteroids.","start":3498.582,"end":3499.128}]},{"text":"While the probability of a near-Earth object, NEO, collision with the Earth is low, it is important to understand the fundamental characteristics of NEOs by observing and exploring them to avoid such risks.","start":3499.803,"end":3514.263,"topics":[{"key":"neo-monitoring","label":"NEO Monitoring and Early Warning","description":"A major theme was the detection, tracking, characterization, and risk assessment of near-Earth objects using ground-based and space-based systems. Several statements highlighted early warning thresholds, impact probability updates, and the recent case of asteroid 2024 YR4."}],"words":[{"text":"While","start":3499.803,"end":3500.044},{"text":"the","start":3500.044,"end":3500.189},{"text":"probability","start":3500.189,"end":3500.847},{"text":"of","start":3501.169,"end":3501.249},{"text":"a","start":3501.249,"end":3501.265},{"text":"near-Earth","start":3501.265,"end":3501.779},{"text":"object,","start":3501.956,"end":3502.438},{"text":"NEO,","start":3502.615,"end":3503.016},{"text":"collision","start":3503.659,"end":3503.996},{"text":"with","start":3504.061,"end":3504.221},{"text":"the","start":3504.221,"end":3504.366},{"text":"Earth","start":3504.366,"end":3504.511},{"text":"is","start":3504.623,"end":3504.768},{"text":"low,","start":3504.784,"end":3504.944},{"text":"it","start":3505.571,"end":3505.667},{"text":"is","start":3505.667,"end":3505.764},{"text":"important","start":3505.764,"end":3506.535},{"text":"to","start":3506.535,"end":3506.68},{"text":"understand","start":3506.696,"end":3507.37},{"text":"the","start":3507.37,"end":3507.595},{"text":"fundamental","start":3507.66,"end":3508.447},{"text":"characteristics","start":3508.463,"end":3509.315},{"text":"of","start":3509.363,"end":3509.443},{"text":"NEOs","start":3509.523,"end":3509.941},{"text":"by","start":3510.327,"end":3510.439},{"text":"observing","start":3510.487,"end":3511.018},{"text":"and","start":3511.371,"end":3511.468},{"text":"exploring","start":3511.516,"end":3512.062},{"text":"them","start":3512.48,"end":3512.624},{"text":"to","start":3512.978,"end":3513.122},{"text":"avoid","start":3513.122,"end":3513.347},{"text":"such","start":3513.46,"end":3513.861},{"text":"risks.","start":3513.926,"end":3514.263}]},{"text":"Chair, Japan firmly believes in the importance of international cooperation on planetary defense in order to address potential threats to Earth and to the human lives.","start":3515.066,"end":3525.799,"topics":[{"key":"planetary-defense-cooperation","label":"Planetary Defense Cooperation","description":"Many speakers stressed that asteroid threats require coordinated international action through mechanisms such as IAWN, SMPAG, UNOOSA, and joint exercises. The discussion focused on sharing observations, aligning response procedures, and building common preparedness against impact risks."}],"words":[{"text":"Chair,","start":3515.066,"end":3515.404},{"text":"Japan","start":3516.031,"end":3516.32},{"text":"firmly","start":3516.352,"end":3516.721},{"text":"believes","start":3516.834,"end":3517.203},{"text":"in","start":3517.477,"end":3517.525},{"text":"the","start":3517.621,"end":3517.862},{"text":"importance","start":3517.862,"end":3518.505},{"text":"of","start":3518.505,"end":3518.649},{"text":"international","start":3518.746,"end":3519.405},{"text":"cooperation","start":3519.405,"end":3520.095},{"text":"on","start":3520.369,"end":3520.417},{"text":"planetary","start":3520.513,"end":3520.899},{"text":"defense","start":3520.931,"end":3521.349},{"text":"in","start":3521.734,"end":3521.863},{"text":"order","start":3521.959,"end":3522.136},{"text":"to","start":3522.136,"end":3522.345},{"text":"address","start":3522.361,"end":3522.811},{"text":"potential","start":3523.1,"end":3523.534},{"text":"threats","start":3523.582,"end":3523.984},{"text":"to","start":3523.984,"end":3524.192},{"text":"Earth","start":3524.321,"end":3524.433},{"text":"and","start":3524.691,"end":3524.787},{"text":"to","start":3524.787,"end":3524.948},{"text":"the","start":3524.948,"end":3525.028},{"text":"human","start":3525.044,"end":3525.478},{"text":"lives.","start":3525.655,"end":3525.799}]},{"text":"On this note, we highly commend the professional work and efforts of the distinguished delegates of Romania as well as Iwan and Sempait to designate the year 2029 as the United Nations-designated International Year of Asteroid Awareness and Planetary Defense, coinciding with the close approach to the asteroid Apophis on April 13th, The designation is a significant step forward in raising public awareness over this critical issue and accelerating international cooperation.","start":3526.939,"end":3564.428,"topics":[{"key":"asteroid-awareness","label":"Asteroid Awareness","description":"Delegations repeatedly welcomed the designation of 2029 as the International Year of Asteroid Awareness and Planetary Defense. This topic centered on public education, outreach, scientific engagement, and using the close approach of Apophis to raise global awareness."},{"key":"planetary-defense-cooperation","label":"Planetary Defense Cooperation","description":"Many speakers stressed that asteroid threats require coordinated international action through mechanisms such as IAWN, SMPAG, UNOOSA, and joint exercises. The discussion focused on sharing observations, aligning response procedures, and building common preparedness against impact risks."}],"words":[{"text":"On","start":3526.939,"end":3527.035},{"text":"this","start":3527.035,"end":3527.164},{"text":"note,","start":3527.276,"end":3527.694},{"text":"we","start":3527.838,"end":3527.967},{"text":"highly","start":3527.999,"end":3528.368},{"text":"commend","start":3528.544,"end":3529.01},{"text":"the","start":3529.299,"end":3529.427},{"text":"professional","start":3529.427,"end":3530.005},{"text":"work","start":3530.005,"end":3530.31},{"text":"and","start":3530.407,"end":3530.567},{"text":"efforts","start":3530.632,"end":3531.145},{"text":"of","start":3531.29,"end":3531.466},{"text":"the","start":3531.466,"end":3531.691},{"text":"distinguished","start":3531.916,"end":3532.67},{"text":"delegates","start":3532.735,"end":3533.393},{"text":"of","start":3533.473,"end":3533.618},{"text":"Romania","start":3533.618,"end":3534.356},{"text":"as","start":3534.565,"end":3534.709},{"text":"well","start":3534.741,"end":3534.918},{"text":"as","start":3534.966,"end":3535.111},{"text":"Iwan","start":3535.287,"end":3535.672},{"text":"and","start":3535.849,"end":3535.961},{"text":"Sempait","start":3535.961,"end":3537.069},{"text":"to","start":3537.792,"end":3537.952},{"text":"designate","start":3537.952,"end":3538.594},{"text":"the","start":3538.594,"end":3538.739},{"text":"year","start":3538.819,"end":3539.076},{"text":"2029","start":3539.076,"end":3540.168},{"text":"as","start":3540.601,"end":3540.73},{"text":"the","start":3540.762,"end":3540.906},{"text":"United","start":3540.906,"end":3541.34},{"text":"Nations-designated","start":3541.34,"end":3542.704},{"text":"International","start":3542.833,"end":3543.635},{"text":"Year","start":3543.635,"end":3543.908},{"text":"of","start":3543.972,"end":3544.101},{"text":"Asteroid","start":3544.438,"end":3544.839},{"text":"Awareness","start":3544.839,"end":3545.449},{"text":"and","start":3545.498,"end":3545.562},{"text":"Planetary","start":3545.658,"end":3546.027},{"text":"Defense,","start":3546.059,"end":3546.541},{"text":"coinciding","start":3547.023,"end":3547.633},{"text":"with","start":3547.809,"end":3548.05},{"text":"the","start":3548.05,"end":3548.243},{"text":"close","start":3548.291,"end":3548.66},{"text":"approach","start":3548.692,"end":3549.158},{"text":"to","start":3549.334,"end":3549.511},{"text":"the","start":3549.511,"end":3549.704},{"text":"asteroid","start":3550.298,"end":3550.651},{"text":"Apophis","start":3550.715,"end":3551.084},{"text":"on","start":3551.341,"end":3551.389},{"text":"April","start":3551.598,"end":3551.967},{"text":"13th,","start":3551.983,"end":3552.561},{"text":"The","start":3554.708,"end":3554.789},{"text":"designation","start":3554.789,"end":3555.581},{"text":"is","start":3555.581,"end":3555.71},{"text":"a","start":3555.742,"end":3555.758},{"text":"significant","start":3555.758,"end":3556.485},{"text":"step","start":3556.485,"end":3556.792},{"text":"forward","start":3556.792,"end":3557.293},{"text":"in","start":3557.358,"end":3557.487},{"text":"raising","start":3558.069,"end":3558.343},{"text":"public","start":3558.408,"end":3558.812},{"text":"awareness","start":3559.038,"end":3559.571},{"text":"over","start":3559.846,"end":3559.943},{"text":"this","start":3559.943,"end":3560.185},{"text":"critical","start":3560.185,"end":3561.413},{"text":"issue","start":3561.462,"end":3561.769},{"text":"and","start":3562.188,"end":3562.349},{"text":"accelerating","start":3562.349,"end":3562.978},{"text":"international","start":3563.155,"end":3563.8},{"text":"cooperation.","start":3563.8,"end":3564.428}]},{"text":"In support of these efforts, Japan's newly revised Basic Plan on Space Policy explicitly outlines our commitment to advancing international cooperation to this end.","start":3565.814,"end":3577.658,"topics":[{"key":"planetary-defense-cooperation","label":"Planetary Defense Cooperation","description":"Many speakers stressed that asteroid threats require coordinated international action through mechanisms such as IAWN, SMPAG, UNOOSA, and joint exercises. The discussion focused on sharing observations, aligning response procedures, and building common preparedness against impact risks."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":3565.814,"end":3565.895},{"text":"support","start":3565.895,"end":3566.378},{"text":"of","start":3566.378,"end":3566.491},{"text":"these","start":3566.491,"end":3566.765},{"text":"efforts,","start":3566.781,"end":3567.2},{"text":"Japan's","start":3567.668,"end":3568.087},{"text":"newly","start":3568.103,"end":3568.457},{"text":"revised","start":3568.57,"end":3569.102},{"text":"Basic","start":3569.134,"end":3569.537},{"text":"Plan","start":3569.537,"end":3569.827},{"text":"on","start":3570.021,"end":3570.15},{"text":"Space","start":3570.15,"end":3570.312},{"text":"Policy","start":3570.426,"end":3570.832},{"text":"explicitly","start":3571.385,"end":3572.1},{"text":"outlines","start":3572.197,"end":3572.831},{"text":"our","start":3573.254,"end":3573.498},{"text":"commitment","start":3573.498,"end":3574.083},{"text":"to","start":3574.083,"end":3574.359},{"text":"advancing","start":3574.651,"end":3575.139},{"text":"international","start":3575.285,"end":3576.033},{"text":"cooperation","start":3576.033,"end":3576.65},{"text":"to","start":3577.008,"end":3577.154},{"text":"this","start":3577.154,"end":3577.333},{"text":"end.","start":3577.333,"end":3577.658}]},{"text":"This includes the development of an exploration program that leverages the unique observation opportunities presented by the asteroid Apophis in 2029 and contribute to global planetary defense activities.","start":3578.476,"end":3593.924,"topics":[{"key":"asteroid-awareness","label":"Asteroid Awareness","description":"Delegations repeatedly welcomed the designation of 2029 as the International Year of Asteroid Awareness and Planetary Defense. This topic centered on public education, outreach, scientific engagement, and using the close approach of Apophis to raise global awareness."},{"key":"planetary-defense-cooperation","label":"Planetary Defense Cooperation","description":"Many speakers stressed that asteroid threats require coordinated international action through mechanisms such as IAWN, SMPAG, UNOOSA, and joint exercises. The discussion focused on sharing observations, aligning response procedures, and building common preparedness against impact risks."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":3578.476,"end":3578.652},{"text":"includes","start":3578.652,"end":3579.101},{"text":"the","start":3579.518,"end":3579.678},{"text":"development","start":3579.694,"end":3580.399},{"text":"of","start":3580.399,"end":3580.495},{"text":"an","start":3580.495,"end":3580.623},{"text":"exploration","start":3580.8,"end":3581.889},{"text":"program","start":3581.937,"end":3582.514},{"text":"that","start":3582.963,"end":3583.3},{"text":"leverages","start":3583.3,"end":3583.989},{"text":"the","start":3584.485,"end":3584.694},{"text":"unique","start":3584.806,"end":3585.223},{"text":"observation","start":3585.223,"end":3585.896},{"text":"opportunities","start":3586.344,"end":3587.033},{"text":"presented","start":3587.29,"end":3587.722},{"text":"by","start":3587.787,"end":3587.979},{"text":"the","start":3588.107,"end":3588.267},{"text":"asteroid","start":3588.428,"end":3588.732},{"text":"Apophis","start":3588.748,"end":3589.165},{"text":"in","start":3589.549,"end":3589.597},{"text":"2029","start":3589.629,"end":3590.479},{"text":"and","start":3590.992,"end":3591.216},{"text":"contribute","start":3591.216,"end":3591.857},{"text":"to","start":3591.857,"end":3592.033},{"text":"global","start":3592.033,"end":3592.498},{"text":"planetary","start":3592.498,"end":3592.915},{"text":"defense","start":3592.979,"end":3593.379},{"text":"activities.","start":3593.379,"end":3593.924}]},{"text":"Chair, in 2024, Japan established a dedicated planetary defense team to address— to enhance Japan's capacity in this field.","start":3594.822,"end":3605.017,"topics":[{"key":"planetary-defense-cooperation","label":"Planetary Defense Cooperation","description":"Many speakers stressed that asteroid threats require coordinated international action through mechanisms such as IAWN, SMPAG, UNOOSA, and joint exercises. The discussion focused on sharing observations, aligning response procedures, and building common preparedness against impact risks."}],"words":[{"text":"Chair,","start":3594.822,"end":3595.014},{"text":"in","start":3595.863,"end":3595.927},{"text":"2024,","start":3596.023,"end":3596.857},{"text":"Japan","start":3597.386,"end":3597.69},{"text":"established","start":3597.882,"end":3598.491},{"text":"a","start":3598.587,"end":3598.604},{"text":"dedicated","start":3598.748,"end":3599.373},{"text":"planetary","start":3599.405,"end":3599.789},{"text":"defense","start":3599.789,"end":3600.19},{"text":"team","start":3600.19,"end":3600.623},{"text":"to","start":3600.847,"end":3601.007},{"text":"address—","start":3601.152,"end":3601.376},{"text":"to","start":3601.632,"end":3601.776},{"text":"enhance","start":3601.953,"end":3602.45},{"text":"Japan's","start":3602.45,"end":3603.026},{"text":"capacity","start":3603.315,"end":3603.7},{"text":"in","start":3604.278,"end":3604.326},{"text":"this","start":3604.454,"end":3604.615},{"text":"field.","start":3604.679,"end":3605.017}]},{"text":"As one of the early initiatives, the team participated in the 5th Planetary Defense Interagency Tabletop Exercise organized by NASA in cooperation with FEMA and the Department of State last April.","start":3605.964,"end":3622.091,"topics":[{"key":"planetary-defense-cooperation","label":"Planetary Defense Cooperation","description":"Many speakers stressed that asteroid threats require coordinated international action through mechanisms such as IAWN, SMPAG, UNOOSA, and joint exercises. The discussion focused on sharing observations, aligning response procedures, and building common preparedness against impact risks."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":3605.964,"end":3606.029},{"text":"one","start":3606.141,"end":3606.35},{"text":"of","start":3606.382,"end":3606.478},{"text":"the","start":3606.478,"end":3606.687},{"text":"early","start":3606.767,"end":3606.992},{"text":"initiatives,","start":3607.362,"end":3607.956},{"text":"the","start":3608.47,"end":3608.711},{"text":"team","start":3608.711,"end":3608.92},{"text":"participated","start":3609.032,"end":3609.964},{"text":"in","start":3610.237,"end":3610.285},{"text":"the","start":3610.478,"end":3610.703},{"text":"5th","start":3611.425,"end":3611.811},{"text":"Planetary","start":3611.923,"end":3612.293},{"text":"Defense","start":3612.389,"end":3612.903},{"text":"Interagency","start":3613.273,"end":3613.979},{"text":"Tabletop","start":3614.012,"end":3614.638},{"text":"Exercise","start":3614.718,"end":3615.264},{"text":"organized","start":3615.859,"end":3616.324},{"text":"by","start":3616.324,"end":3616.517},{"text":"NASA","start":3616.565,"end":3616.935},{"text":"in","start":3617.802,"end":3617.915},{"text":"cooperation","start":3617.947,"end":3618.637},{"text":"with","start":3618.654,"end":3618.943},{"text":"FEMA","start":3619.007,"end":3619.473},{"text":"and","start":3619.714,"end":3619.858},{"text":"the","start":3619.858,"end":3620.035},{"text":"Department","start":3620.035,"end":3620.581},{"text":"of","start":3620.581,"end":3620.613},{"text":"State","start":3620.613,"end":3621.175},{"text":"last","start":3621.48,"end":3621.866},{"text":"April.","start":3621.866,"end":3622.091}]},{"text":"Furthermore, in November of 2024, JAXA and ESA issued a joint statement emphasizing the importance of international collaboration on planetary defense to prepare against potential threats posed by near-Earth objects.","start":3623.006,"end":3638.107,"topics":[{"key":"planetary-defense-cooperation","label":"Planetary Defense Cooperation","description":"Many speakers stressed that asteroid threats require coordinated international action through mechanisms such as IAWN, SMPAG, UNOOSA, and joint exercises. The discussion focused on sharing observations, aligning response procedures, and building common preparedness against impact risks."}],"words":[{"text":"Furthermore,","start":3623.006,"end":3623.665},{"text":"in","start":3623.97,"end":3624.018},{"text":"November","start":3624.115,"end":3624.597},{"text":"of","start":3624.597,"end":3624.757},{"text":"2024,","start":3624.757,"end":3625.448},{"text":"JAXA","start":3626.155,"end":3626.492},{"text":"and","start":3626.54,"end":3626.717},{"text":"ESA","start":3626.717,"end":3627.054},{"text":"issued","start":3627.086,"end":3627.52},{"text":"a","start":3627.584,"end":3627.6},{"text":"joint","start":3627.664,"end":3628.05},{"text":"statement","start":3628.05,"end":3628.709},{"text":"emphasizing","start":3628.949,"end":3629.48},{"text":"the","start":3629.608,"end":3629.753},{"text":"importance","start":3629.753,"end":3630.395},{"text":"of","start":3630.395,"end":3630.62},{"text":"international","start":3630.62,"end":3631.279},{"text":"collaboration","start":3631.279,"end":3631.969},{"text":"on","start":3632.548,"end":3632.692},{"text":"planetary","start":3632.724,"end":3633.014},{"text":"defense","start":3633.11,"end":3633.64},{"text":"to","start":3633.913,"end":3634.058},{"text":"prepare","start":3634.17,"end":3634.749},{"text":"against","start":3634.877,"end":3635.295},{"text":"potential","start":3635.295,"end":3635.857},{"text":"threats","start":3635.857,"end":3636.259},{"text":"posed","start":3636.5,"end":3636.773},{"text":"by","start":3636.805,"end":3636.934},{"text":"near-Earth","start":3637.062,"end":3637.528},{"text":"objects.","start":3637.625,"end":3638.107}]},{"text":"In October 2024, ESA's Hera mission, in cooperation with JAXA, was successfully launched and is planned to reach its target asteroid in 2026.","start":3639.135,"end":3650.301,"topics":[{"key":"asteroid-deflection","label":"Asteroid Deflection and Mitigation Missions","description":"Speakers discussed missions and technologies intended to understand or demonstrate how dangerous asteroids could be deflected. DART, Hera, and planned Apophis-related missions were presented as key steps in developing practical mitigation options."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":3639.135,"end":3639.312},{"text":"October","start":3639.312,"end":3639.697},{"text":"2024,","start":3639.858,"end":3640.629},{"text":"ESA's","start":3640.822,"end":3641.095},{"text":"Hera","start":3641.545,"end":3642.525},{"text":"mission,","start":3642.525,"end":3643.055},{"text":"in","start":3643.168,"end":3643.216},{"text":"cooperation","start":3643.312,"end":3643.875},{"text":"with","start":3643.875,"end":3644.084},{"text":"JAXA,","start":3644.116,"end":3644.598},{"text":"was","start":3644.919,"end":3645.015},{"text":"successfully","start":3645.015,"end":3645.626},{"text":"launched","start":3645.803,"end":3646.269},{"text":"and","start":3646.526,"end":3646.702},{"text":"is","start":3646.702,"end":3646.831},{"text":"planned","start":3646.847,"end":3647.152},{"text":"to","start":3647.184,"end":3647.409},{"text":"reach","start":3647.425,"end":3647.634},{"text":"its","start":3647.908,"end":3648.068},{"text":"target","start":3648.068,"end":3648.566},{"text":"asteroid","start":3648.614,"end":3649.209},{"text":"in","start":3649.37,"end":3649.482},{"text":"2026.","start":3649.514,"end":3650.301}]},{"text":"The 2 agencies are now exploring potential cooperation on ESA's Rapid Apophis Mission for space Safety, Ramses, which aims to explore Apophis during its close approach in 2029.","start":3651.458,"end":3664.635,"topics":[{"key":"asteroid-deflection","label":"Asteroid Deflection and Mitigation Missions","description":"Speakers discussed missions and technologies intended to understand or demonstrate how dangerous asteroids could be deflected. DART, Hera, and planned Apophis-related missions were presented as key steps in developing practical mitigation options."},{"key":"asteroid-awareness","label":"Asteroid Awareness","description":"Delegations repeatedly welcomed the designation of 2029 as the International Year of Asteroid Awareness and Planetary Defense. This topic centered on public education, outreach, scientific engagement, and using the close approach of Apophis to raise global awareness."},{"key":"planetary-defense-cooperation","label":"Planetary Defense Cooperation","description":"Many speakers stressed that asteroid threats require coordinated international action through mechanisms such as IAWN, SMPAG, UNOOSA, and joint exercises. The discussion focused on sharing observations, aligning response procedures, and building common preparedness against impact risks."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":3651.458,"end":3651.667},{"text":"2","start":3651.667,"end":3651.812},{"text":"agencies","start":3651.844,"end":3652.535},{"text":"are","start":3652.711,"end":3652.952},{"text":"now","start":3652.969,"end":3653.065},{"text":"exploring","start":3653.274,"end":3653.82},{"text":"potential","start":3654.093,"end":3654.543},{"text":"cooperation","start":3654.656,"end":3655.346},{"text":"on","start":3655.443,"end":3655.491},{"text":"ESA's","start":3655.684,"end":3656.198},{"text":"Rapid","start":3656.423,"end":3656.905},{"text":"Apophis","start":3656.969,"end":3657.274},{"text":"Mission","start":3657.387,"end":3657.692},{"text":"for","start":3657.869,"end":3658.046},{"text":"space","start":3658.046,"end":3658.721},{"text":"Safety,","start":3658.48,"end":3658.88},{"text":"Ramses,","start":3659.153,"end":3659.521},{"text":"which","start":3660.099,"end":3660.339},{"text":"aims","start":3660.419,"end":3660.644},{"text":"to","start":3660.676,"end":3660.804},{"text":"explore","start":3660.82,"end":3661.173},{"text":"Apophis","start":3661.301,"end":3661.846},{"text":"during","start":3662.118,"end":3662.407},{"text":"its","start":3662.519,"end":3662.744},{"text":"close","start":3662.744,"end":3663.064},{"text":"approach","start":3663.064,"end":3663.497},{"text":"in","start":3663.721,"end":3663.77},{"text":"2029.","start":3663.866,"end":3664.635}]},{"text":"Moreover, Japan has worked to strengthen its international cooperation beyond exploration mission.","start":3665.789,"end":3672.714,"topics":[{"key":"planetary-defense-cooperation","label":"Planetary Defense Cooperation","description":"Many speakers stressed that asteroid threats require coordinated international action through mechanisms such as IAWN, SMPAG, UNOOSA, and joint exercises. The discussion focused on sharing observations, aligning response procedures, and building common preparedness against impact risks."}],"words":[{"text":"Moreover,","start":3665.789,"end":3666.174},{"text":"Japan","start":3666.767,"end":3667.056},{"text":"has","start":3667.152,"end":3667.296},{"text":"worked","start":3667.392,"end":3667.745},{"text":"to","start":3667.745,"end":3667.857},{"text":"strengthen","start":3667.905,"end":3668.498},{"text":"its","start":3668.755,"end":3669.011},{"text":"international","start":3669.076,"end":3669.685},{"text":"cooperation","start":3669.733,"end":3670.374},{"text":"beyond","start":3670.695,"end":3671.127},{"text":"exploration","start":3671.256,"end":3672.105},{"text":"mission.","start":3672.442,"end":3672.714}]},{"text":"Last year, JAXA's planetary defense team participated in the annual meeting of the space-based disaster management project Sentinel Asia, hosted by the Philippine Space Agency to raise awareness of the significance of planetary defense in the context of disaster risk management.","start":3673.644,"end":3692.364,"topics":[{"key":"asteroid-awareness","label":"Asteroid Awareness","description":"Delegations repeatedly welcomed the designation of 2029 as the International Year of Asteroid Awareness and Planetary Defense. This topic centered on public education, outreach, scientific engagement, and using the close approach of Apophis to raise global awareness."},{"key":"planetary-defense-cooperation","label":"Planetary Defense Cooperation","description":"Many speakers stressed that asteroid threats require coordinated international action through mechanisms such as IAWN, SMPAG, UNOOSA, and joint exercises. The discussion focused on sharing observations, aligning response procedures, and building common preparedness against impact risks."}],"words":[{"text":"Last","start":3673.644,"end":3673.965},{"text":"year,","start":3673.965,"end":3674.318},{"text":"JAXA's","start":3674.686,"end":3675.007},{"text":"planetary","start":3675.007,"end":3675.311},{"text":"defense","start":3675.343,"end":3675.648},{"text":"team","start":3675.648,"end":3675.969},{"text":"participated","start":3676.385,"end":3677.315},{"text":"in","start":3677.427,"end":3677.524},{"text":"the","start":3677.588,"end":3677.828},{"text":"annual","start":3677.828,"end":3678.165},{"text":"meeting","start":3678.165,"end":3678.501},{"text":"of","start":3678.694,"end":3678.854},{"text":"the","start":3678.854,"end":3679.832},{"text":"space-based","start":3679.832,"end":3680.617},{"text":"disaster","start":3680.617,"end":3681.13},{"text":"management","start":3681.13,"end":3681.9},{"text":"project","start":3681.9,"end":3682.381},{"text":"Sentinel","start":3682.573,"end":3682.974},{"text":"Asia,","start":3682.974,"end":3683.583},{"text":"hosted","start":3683.824,"end":3684.208},{"text":"by","start":3684.24,"end":3684.433},{"text":"the","start":3684.545,"end":3684.721},{"text":"Philippine","start":3684.85,"end":3685.283},{"text":"Space","start":3685.283,"end":3685.572},{"text":"Agency","start":3685.684,"end":3686.102},{"text":"to","start":3686.648,"end":3686.776},{"text":"raise","start":3686.873,"end":3687.097},{"text":"awareness","start":3687.194,"end":3687.692},{"text":"of","start":3687.692,"end":3687.82},{"text":"the","start":3687.852,"end":3687.948},{"text":"significance","start":3687.948,"end":3688.735},{"text":"of","start":3688.735,"end":3688.864},{"text":"planetary","start":3688.896,"end":3689.265},{"text":"defense","start":3689.297,"end":3689.779},{"text":"in","start":3690.1,"end":3690.196},{"text":"the","start":3690.245,"end":3690.405},{"text":"context","start":3690.405,"end":3690.823},{"text":"of","start":3690.823,"end":3690.919},{"text":"disaster","start":3690.983,"end":3691.465},{"text":"risk","start":3691.545,"end":3691.85},{"text":"management.","start":3691.85,"end":3692.364}]},{"text":"Chair, in 2020, the asteroid explorer Hayabusa 2 collected surface and underground samples from the C-type asteroid Ryugu and successfully brought them back to the Earth.","start":3693.215,"end":3705.595,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Chair,","start":3693.215,"end":3693.568},{"text":"in","start":3694.098,"end":3694.162},{"text":"2020,","start":3694.259,"end":3694.965},{"text":"the","start":3695.543,"end":3695.752},{"text":"asteroid","start":3695.8,"end":3696.185},{"text":"explorer","start":3696.185,"end":3696.667},{"text":"Hayabusa","start":3696.667,"end":3697.069},{"text":"2","start":3697.149,"end":3697.261},{"text":"collected","start":3697.647,"end":3698.064},{"text":"surface","start":3698.064,"end":3698.642},{"text":"and","start":3698.755,"end":3698.931},{"text":"underground","start":3698.931,"end":3699.509},{"text":"samples","start":3699.509,"end":3700.023},{"text":"from","start":3700.36,"end":3700.585},{"text":"the","start":3700.681,"end":3700.858},{"text":"C-type","start":3700.858,"end":3701.5},{"text":"asteroid","start":3701.5,"end":3701.853},{"text":"Ryugu","start":3701.853,"end":3702.239},{"text":"and","start":3702.769,"end":3702.865},{"text":"successfully","start":3702.865,"end":3703.443},{"text":"brought","start":3703.588,"end":3703.925},{"text":"them","start":3703.925,"end":3704.117},{"text":"back","start":3704.15,"end":3704.455},{"text":"to","start":3704.712,"end":3704.872},{"text":"the","start":3704.872,"end":3705.065},{"text":"Earth.","start":3705.113,"end":3705.595}]},{"text":"The spacecraft is now on the way to explore 2 more asteroids, With a planned flyby observation of asteroid Torifune, the provisional designation is 2001 CC21, in 2026.","start":3706.253,"end":3719.323,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":3706.253,"end":3706.333},{"text":"spacecraft","start":3706.333,"end":3706.959},{"text":"is","start":3707.024,"end":3707.088},{"text":"now","start":3707.136,"end":3707.281},{"text":"on","start":3707.521,"end":3707.65},{"text":"the","start":3707.666,"end":3707.714},{"text":"way","start":3707.827,"end":3708.003},{"text":"to","start":3708.083,"end":3708.34},{"text":"explore","start":3708.629,"end":3708.918},{"text":"2","start":3709.047,"end":3709.239},{"text":"more","start":3709.272,"end":3709.593},{"text":"asteroids,","start":3709.593,"end":3710.058},{"text":"With","start":3710.412,"end":3710.652},{"text":"a","start":3710.652,"end":3710.797},{"text":"planned","start":3710.797,"end":3711.118},{"text":"flyby","start":3711.118,"end":3711.487},{"text":"observation","start":3711.696,"end":3712.306},{"text":"of","start":3712.66,"end":3712.788},{"text":"asteroid","start":3712.884,"end":3713.189},{"text":"Torifune,","start":3713.222,"end":3713.639},{"text":"the","start":3714.345,"end":3714.442},{"text":"provisional","start":3714.49,"end":3715.068},{"text":"designation","start":3715.068,"end":3715.694},{"text":"is","start":3715.694,"end":3715.839},{"text":"2001","start":3716.031,"end":3716.818},{"text":"CC21,","start":3716.818,"end":3717.605},{"text":"in","start":3718.103,"end":3718.247},{"text":"2026.","start":3718.36,"end":3719.323}]},{"text":"In 2031, the spacecraft will arrive at a small and fast-rotating asteroid known as 1998 KY26 for observation.","start":3720.126,"end":3730.001,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":3720.126,"end":3720.254},{"text":"2031,","start":3720.286,"end":3721.218},{"text":"the","start":3721.876,"end":3721.988},{"text":"spacecraft","start":3721.988,"end":3722.599},{"text":"will","start":3722.599,"end":3722.759},{"text":"arrive","start":3722.759,"end":3723.145},{"text":"at","start":3723.241,"end":3723.385},{"text":"a","start":3723.482,"end":3723.498},{"text":"small","start":3723.578,"end":3724.076},{"text":"and","start":3724.204,"end":3724.268},{"text":"fast-rotating","start":3724.381,"end":3725.071},{"text":"asteroid","start":3725.248,"end":3725.746},{"text":"known","start":3725.987,"end":3726.308},{"text":"as","start":3726.308,"end":3726.516},{"text":"1998","start":3726.709,"end":3727.769},{"text":"KY26","start":3727.913,"end":3728.989},{"text":"for","start":3729.182,"end":3729.423},{"text":"observation.","start":3729.423,"end":3730.001}]},{"text":"Chair, Japan remains fully committed to advancing research missions to deepen our understanding of the basic features of NEOs.","start":3731.125,"end":3740.217,"topics":[{"key":"neo-monitoring","label":"NEO Monitoring and Early Warning","description":"A major theme was the detection, tracking, characterization, and risk assessment of near-Earth objects using ground-based and space-based systems. Several statements highlighted early warning thresholds, impact probability updates, and the recent case of asteroid 2024 YR4."}],"words":[{"text":"Chair,","start":3731.125,"end":3731.382},{"text":"Japan","start":3732.152,"end":3732.425},{"text":"remains","start":3732.489,"end":3732.827},{"text":"fully","start":3732.955,"end":3733.18},{"text":"committed","start":3733.292,"end":3733.822},{"text":"to","start":3733.838,"end":3733.983},{"text":"advancing","start":3734.24,"end":3734.705},{"text":"research","start":3734.834,"end":3735.251},{"text":"missions","start":3735.444,"end":3735.829},{"text":"to","start":3736.086,"end":3736.279},{"text":"deepen","start":3736.408,"end":3737.195},{"text":"our","start":3737.372,"end":3737.436},{"text":"understanding","start":3737.453,"end":3738.16},{"text":"of","start":3738.353,"end":3738.449},{"text":"the","start":3738.449,"end":3738.674},{"text":"basic","start":3738.674,"end":3739.06},{"text":"features","start":3739.076,"end":3739.446},{"text":"of","start":3739.558,"end":3739.655},{"text":"NEOs.","start":3739.815,"end":3740.217}]},{"text":"We will continue addressing the critical challenges of planetary defense with a holistic approach in close collaboration with international partners.","start":3741.23,"end":3750.572,"topics":[{"key":"planetary-defense-cooperation","label":"Planetary Defense Cooperation","description":"Many speakers stressed that asteroid threats require coordinated international action through mechanisms such as IAWN, SMPAG, UNOOSA, and joint exercises. The discussion focused on sharing observations, aligning response procedures, and building common preparedness against impact risks."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3741.23,"end":3741.391},{"text":"will","start":3741.391,"end":3741.551},{"text":"continue","start":3741.551,"end":3742.066},{"text":"addressing","start":3742.291,"end":3742.741},{"text":"the","start":3742.853,"end":3743.078},{"text":"critical","start":3743.335,"end":3743.818},{"text":"challenges","start":3743.882,"end":3744.348},{"text":"of","start":3744.621,"end":3744.67},{"text":"planetary","start":3744.67,"end":3744.928},{"text":"defense","start":3744.928,"end":3745.462},{"text":"with","start":3745.656,"end":3745.915},{"text":"a","start":3745.979,"end":3745.995},{"text":"holistic","start":3746.06,"end":3746.723},{"text":"approach","start":3746.966,"end":3747.338},{"text":"in","start":3747.839,"end":3747.984},{"text":"close","start":3748.017,"end":3748.243},{"text":"collaboration","start":3748.34,"end":3748.874},{"text":"with","start":3749.068,"end":3749.31},{"text":"international","start":3749.31,"end":3750.07},{"text":"partners.","start":3750.103,"end":3750.572}]},{"text":"Thank you for your attention.","start":3751.429,"end":3752.205,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":3751.429,"end":3751.655},{"text":"you","start":3751.655,"end":3751.801},{"text":"for","start":3751.801,"end":3751.898},{"text":"your","start":3751.898,"end":3752.011},{"text":"attention.","start":3752.043,"end":3752.205}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"JPN","affiliation_full":"Japan","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":17,"start":3754.704,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1a/k1ad4k1m9e?t=3755","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of Japan for the statement.","start":3754.704,"end":3757.77,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":3754.704,"end":3754.72},{"text":"thank","start":3754.768,"end":3755.027},{"text":"the","start":3755.027,"end":3755.107},{"text":"distinguished","start":3755.172,"end":3755.656},{"text":"representative","start":3755.656,"end":3756.302},{"text":"of","start":3756.302,"end":3756.447},{"text":"Japan","start":3756.463,"end":3756.753},{"text":"for","start":3756.866,"end":3757.06},{"text":"the","start":3757.06,"end":3757.141},{"text":"statement.","start":3757.141,"end":3757.77}]},{"text":"The next speaker on my list is the distinguished representative of Canada.","start":3758.335,"end":3761.369,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":3758.335,"end":3758.416},{"text":"next","start":3758.416,"end":3758.69},{"text":"speaker","start":3758.69,"end":3758.98},{"text":"on","start":3758.98,"end":3759.045},{"text":"my","start":3759.142,"end":3759.287},{"text":"list","start":3759.287,"end":3759.61},{"text":"is","start":3759.61,"end":3759.674},{"text":"the","start":3759.69,"end":3759.852},{"text":"distinguished","start":3759.852,"end":3760.352},{"text":"representative","start":3760.352,"end":3761.014},{"text":"of","start":3761.014,"end":3761.127},{"text":"Canada.","start":3761.224,"end":3761.369}]},{"text":"You have the floor.","start":3761.646,"end":3762.337,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"You","start":3761.646,"end":3761.743},{"text":"have","start":3761.743,"end":3761.968},{"text":"the","start":3761.968,"end":3762.048},{"text":"floor.","start":3762.048,"end":3762.337}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"COPUOS","affiliation_full":"COPUOS","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":18,"start":3763.43,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1a/k1ad4k1m9e?t=3764","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Madam Chair and distinguished delegates.","start":3763.43,"end":3765.31,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":3763.43,"end":3763.606},{"text":"you,","start":3763.606,"end":3763.655},{"text":"Madam","start":3763.671,"end":3763.912},{"text":"Chair","start":3763.912,"end":3764.169},{"text":"and","start":3764.217,"end":3764.362},{"text":"distinguished","start":3764.394,"end":3764.908},{"text":"delegates.","start":3764.908,"end":3765.31}]},{"text":"On September 23rd, 2023, the international community watched with pride as the sample retrieved from asteroid Bennu safely descended through the Earth's atmosphere and landed in the Utah desert.","start":3765.984,"end":3776.3,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"On","start":3765.984,"end":3766.065},{"text":"September","start":3766.065,"end":3766.483},{"text":"23rd,","start":3766.483,"end":3767.013},{"text":"2023,","start":3767.045,"end":3767.913},{"text":"the","start":3767.929,"end":3768.009},{"text":"international","start":3768.009,"end":3768.539},{"text":"community","start":3768.636,"end":3769.069},{"text":"watched","start":3769.118,"end":3769.455},{"text":"with","start":3769.455,"end":3769.664},{"text":"pride","start":3769.68,"end":3770.194},{"text":"as","start":3770.644,"end":3770.789},{"text":"the","start":3770.821,"end":3770.901},{"text":"sample","start":3770.901,"end":3771.383},{"text":"retrieved","start":3771.383,"end":3771.849},{"text":"from","start":3771.849,"end":3771.962},{"text":"asteroid","start":3772.01,"end":3772.428},{"text":"Bennu","start":3772.428,"end":3772.685},{"text":"safely","start":3772.685,"end":3773.151},{"text":"descended","start":3773.215,"end":3773.697},{"text":"through","start":3773.697,"end":3773.841},{"text":"the","start":3773.858,"end":3773.954},{"text":"Earth's","start":3773.954,"end":3774.227},{"text":"atmosphere","start":3774.259,"end":3774.918},{"text":"and","start":3774.918,"end":3775.063},{"text":"landed","start":3775.063,"end":3775.416},{"text":"in","start":3775.416,"end":3775.529},{"text":"the","start":3775.545,"end":3775.625},{"text":"Utah","start":3775.625,"end":3775.946},{"text":"desert.","start":3775.946,"end":3776.3}]},{"text":"While this was not the first time asteroid fragments came to the Earth, this was the first time that humanity piloted a spacecraft to an asteroid, collected its chosen sample, and brought it back in a controlled manner.","start":3776.75,"end":3787.531,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"While","start":3776.75,"end":3776.91},{"text":"this","start":3776.91,"end":3777.023},{"text":"was","start":3777.071,"end":3777.232},{"text":"not","start":3777.232,"end":3777.36},{"text":"the","start":3777.392,"end":3777.441},{"text":"first","start":3777.489,"end":3777.794},{"text":"time","start":3777.794,"end":3777.939},{"text":"asteroid","start":3778.035,"end":3778.533},{"text":"fragments","start":3778.533,"end":3779.015},{"text":"came","start":3779.096,"end":3779.272},{"text":"to","start":3779.337,"end":3779.433},{"text":"the","start":3779.433,"end":3779.578},{"text":"Earth,","start":3779.578,"end":3779.899},{"text":"this","start":3780.301,"end":3780.542},{"text":"was","start":3780.542,"end":3780.67},{"text":"the","start":3780.767,"end":3780.847},{"text":"first","start":3780.847,"end":3781.136},{"text":"time","start":3781.136,"end":3781.249},{"text":"that","start":3781.265,"end":3781.49},{"text":"humanity","start":3781.49,"end":3781.956},{"text":"piloted","start":3781.988,"end":3782.405},{"text":"a","start":3782.405,"end":3782.47},{"text":"spacecraft","start":3782.47,"end":3783.145},{"text":"to","start":3783.193,"end":3783.353},{"text":"an","start":3783.353,"end":3783.402},{"text":"asteroid,","start":3783.498,"end":3783.932},{"text":"collected","start":3783.996,"end":3784.494},{"text":"its","start":3784.494,"end":3784.735},{"text":"chosen","start":3784.864,"end":3785.201},{"text":"sample,","start":3785.201,"end":3785.619},{"text":"and","start":3785.747,"end":3785.844},{"text":"brought","start":3785.908,"end":3786.165},{"text":"it","start":3786.165,"end":3786.31},{"text":"back","start":3786.31,"end":3786.583},{"text":"in","start":3786.631,"end":3786.728},{"text":"a","start":3786.728,"end":3786.744},{"text":"controlled","start":3786.808,"end":3787.226},{"text":"manner.","start":3787.274,"end":3787.531}]},{"text":"The Canadian Space Agency, CSA, is proud to have partnered with NASA, Japan's Aerospace Exploration Agency, JAXA, and France's Centre national d'études spatiales, CNES, on this historic mission, OSIRIS-REx.","start":3788.013,"end":3801.267,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":3788.013,"end":3788.158},{"text":"Canadian","start":3788.158,"end":3788.479},{"text":"Space","start":3788.479,"end":3788.816},{"text":"Agency,","start":3788.816,"end":3789.186},{"text":"CSA,","start":3789.218,"end":3789.732},{"text":"is","start":3789.844,"end":3789.941},{"text":"proud","start":3790.005,"end":3790.262},{"text":"to","start":3790.262,"end":3790.326},{"text":"have","start":3790.326,"end":3790.471},{"text":"partnered","start":3790.503,"end":3790.857},{"text":"with","start":3790.905,"end":3791.033},{"text":"NASA,","start":3791.049,"end":3791.547},{"text":"Japan's","start":3791.692,"end":3792.752},{"text":"Aerospace","start":3793.234,"end":3793.797},{"text":"Exploration","start":3793.797,"end":3794.407},{"text":"Agency,","start":3794.503,"end":3794.889},{"text":"JAXA,","start":3794.921,"end":3795.5},{"text":"and","start":3795.724,"end":3795.789},{"text":"France's","start":3795.869,"end":3796.447},{"text":"Centre","start":3796.447,"end":3796.833},{"text":"national","start":3796.833,"end":3797.395},{"text":"d'études","start":3797.395,"end":3797.684},{"text":"spatiales,","start":3797.684,"end":3798.343},{"text":"CNES,","start":3798.616,"end":3799.05},{"text":"on","start":3799.179,"end":3799.227},{"text":"this","start":3799.259,"end":3799.387},{"text":"historic","start":3799.484,"end":3799.982},{"text":"mission,","start":3799.982,"end":3800.303},{"text":"OSIRIS-REx.","start":3800.384,"end":3801.267}]},{"text":"CSA is now constructing a new laboratory to receive its share of the asteroid sample fragments, allowing Canadian scientists to collaborate with their international colleagues to study the samples and enrich our understanding of our solar system's origins.","start":3801.813,"end":3815.611,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"CSA","start":3801.813,"end":3802.231},{"text":"is","start":3802.231,"end":3802.36},{"text":"now","start":3802.392,"end":3802.504},{"text":"constructing","start":3802.633,"end":3803.195},{"text":"a","start":3803.211,"end":3803.259},{"text":"new","start":3803.259,"end":3803.42},{"text":"laboratory","start":3803.5,"end":3804.046},{"text":"to","start":3804.641,"end":3804.786},{"text":"receive","start":3804.786,"end":3805.107},{"text":"its","start":3805.107,"end":3805.235},{"text":"share","start":3805.284,"end":3805.621},{"text":"of","start":3805.685,"end":3805.83},{"text":"the","start":3805.83,"end":3805.91},{"text":"asteroid","start":3805.926,"end":3806.247},{"text":"sample","start":3806.247,"end":3806.649},{"text":"fragments,","start":3806.649,"end":3807.163},{"text":"allowing","start":3807.356,"end":3807.661},{"text":"Canadian","start":3807.758,"end":3808.111},{"text":"scientists","start":3808.111,"end":3808.898},{"text":"to","start":3808.963,"end":3809.107},{"text":"collaborate","start":3809.123,"end":3809.653},{"text":"with","start":3809.686,"end":3809.766},{"text":"their","start":3809.766,"end":3809.943},{"text":"international","start":3809.943,"end":3810.457},{"text":"colleagues","start":3810.505,"end":3810.955},{"text":"to","start":3811.051,"end":3811.164},{"text":"study","start":3811.164,"end":3811.517},{"text":"the","start":3811.935,"end":3812.015},{"text":"samples","start":3812.015,"end":3812.561},{"text":"and","start":3812.609,"end":3812.738},{"text":"enrich","start":3812.738,"end":3813.14},{"text":"our","start":3813.22,"end":3813.365},{"text":"understanding","start":3813.381,"end":3814.007},{"text":"of","start":3814.184,"end":3814.216},{"text":"our","start":3814.216,"end":3814.377},{"text":"solar","start":3814.377,"end":3814.794},{"text":"system's","start":3814.618,"end":3815.082},{"text":"origins.","start":3815.162,"end":3815.611}]},{"text":"Canada's OSIRIS-REx laser altimeter, OLA, was instrumental in creating detailed 3D maps of asteroid Bennu's surface.","start":3816.525,"end":3823.704,"topics":[{"key":"neo-monitoring","label":"NEO Monitoring and Early Warning","description":"A major theme was the detection, tracking, characterization, and risk assessment of near-Earth objects using ground-based and space-based systems. Several statements highlighted early warning thresholds, impact probability updates, and the recent case of asteroid 2024 YR4."}],"words":[{"text":"Canada's","start":3816.525,"end":3816.893},{"text":"OSIRIS-REx","start":3817.021,"end":3817.919},{"text":"laser","start":3818.047,"end":3818.415},{"text":"altimeter,","start":3818.431,"end":3818.992},{"text":"OLA,","start":3819.185,"end":3819.473},{"text":"was","start":3819.553,"end":3819.665},{"text":"instrumental","start":3819.73,"end":3820.515},{"text":"in","start":3820.515,"end":3820.675},{"text":"creating","start":3820.675,"end":3821.06},{"text":"detailed","start":3821.172,"end":3821.572},{"text":"3D","start":3821.572,"end":3821.893},{"text":"maps","start":3821.893,"end":3822.358},{"text":"of","start":3822.358,"end":3822.518},{"text":"asteroid","start":3822.518,"end":3822.967},{"text":"Bennu's","start":3822.999,"end":3823.287},{"text":"surface.","start":3823.399,"end":3823.704}]},{"text":"These maps were crucial for selecting the optimal site for sample selection.","start":3824.281,"end":3828.062,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"These","start":3824.281,"end":3824.425},{"text":"maps","start":3824.521,"end":3824.841},{"text":"were","start":3824.841,"end":3825.002},{"text":"crucial","start":3825.002,"end":3825.386},{"text":"for","start":3825.498,"end":3825.643},{"text":"selecting","start":3825.643,"end":3826.107},{"text":"the","start":3826.139,"end":3826.284},{"text":"optimal","start":3826.284,"end":3826.7},{"text":"site","start":3826.7,"end":3827.085},{"text":"for","start":3827.085,"end":3827.197},{"text":"sample","start":3827.197,"end":3827.582},{"text":"selection.","start":3827.582,"end":3828.062}]},{"text":"Following the successful completion of its mission, the OSIRIS spacecraft has now embarked on its next mission to study the asteroid Apophis, which is expected to arrive shortly after the asteroid's close approach to Earth in 2029.","start":3828.607,"end":3842.858,"topics":[{"key":"asteroid-deflection","label":"Asteroid Deflection and Mitigation Missions","description":"Speakers discussed missions and technologies intended to understand or demonstrate how dangerous asteroids could be deflected. DART, Hera, and planned Apophis-related missions were presented as key steps in developing practical mitigation options."},{"key":"asteroid-awareness","label":"Asteroid Awareness","description":"Delegations repeatedly welcomed the designation of 2029 as the International Year of Asteroid Awareness and Planetary Defense. This topic centered on public education, outreach, scientific engagement, and using the close approach of Apophis to raise global awareness."}],"words":[{"text":"Following","start":3828.607,"end":3828.992},{"text":"the","start":3829.088,"end":3829.12},{"text":"successful","start":3829.12,"end":3829.713},{"text":"completion","start":3829.745,"end":3830.354},{"text":"of","start":3830.69,"end":3830.787},{"text":"its","start":3830.787,"end":3830.947},{"text":"mission,","start":3830.947,"end":3831.315},{"text":"the","start":3831.508,"end":3831.604},{"text":"OSIRIS","start":3831.604,"end":3832.021},{"text":"spacecraft","start":3832.101,"end":3832.63},{"text":"has","start":3832.63,"end":3832.774},{"text":"now","start":3832.774,"end":3832.902},{"text":"embarked","start":3832.95,"end":3833.575},{"text":"on","start":3833.575,"end":3833.623},{"text":"its","start":3833.671,"end":3833.831},{"text":"next","start":3833.831,"end":3834.104},{"text":"mission","start":3834.136,"end":3834.44},{"text":"to","start":3834.633,"end":3834.713},{"text":"study","start":3834.729,"end":3835.081},{"text":"the","start":3835.097,"end":3835.177},{"text":"asteroid","start":3835.177,"end":3835.514},{"text":"Apophis,","start":3835.514,"end":3835.963},{"text":"which","start":3836.54,"end":3836.7},{"text":"is","start":3836.7,"end":3836.812},{"text":"expected","start":3836.812,"end":3837.309},{"text":"to","start":3837.341,"end":3837.453},{"text":"arrive","start":3837.501,"end":3837.95},{"text":"shortly","start":3838.158,"end":3838.607},{"text":"after","start":3838.703,"end":3839.152},{"text":"the","start":3839.841,"end":3840.081},{"text":"asteroid's","start":3840.466,"end":3840.867},{"text":"close","start":3840.867,"end":3841.108},{"text":"approach","start":3841.108,"end":3841.461},{"text":"to","start":3841.461,"end":3841.558},{"text":"Earth","start":3841.686,"end":3841.927},{"text":"in","start":3841.927,"end":3842.007},{"text":"2029.","start":3842.007,"end":3842.858}]},{"text":"The OLA instrument will once again play a key role in contributing to the production of detailed 3D maps when the newly branded OSIRIS-APEX reaches its destination.","start":3843.533,"end":3854.419,"topics":[{"key":"asteroid-awareness","label":"Asteroid Awareness","description":"Delegations repeatedly welcomed the designation of 2029 as the International Year of Asteroid Awareness and Planetary Defense. This topic centered on public education, outreach, scientific engagement, and using the close approach of Apophis to raise global awareness."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":3843.533,"end":3843.693},{"text":"OLA","start":3843.757,"end":3844.014},{"text":"instrument","start":3844.014,"end":3844.464},{"text":"will","start":3844.496,"end":3844.641},{"text":"once","start":3844.657,"end":3844.897},{"text":"again","start":3844.897,"end":3845.09},{"text":"play","start":3845.203,"end":3845.379},{"text":"a","start":3845.379,"end":3845.524},{"text":"key","start":3845.524,"end":3845.7},{"text":"role","start":3845.765,"end":3845.893},{"text":"in","start":3846.021,"end":3846.15},{"text":"contributing","start":3846.182,"end":3846.712},{"text":"to","start":3846.808,"end":3846.921},{"text":"the","start":3846.921,"end":3847.145},{"text":"production","start":3847.145,"end":3847.675},{"text":"of","start":3847.852,"end":3848.077},{"text":"detailed","start":3848.109,"end":3848.51},{"text":"3D","start":3848.51,"end":3848.767},{"text":"maps","start":3848.767,"end":3849.265},{"text":"when","start":3850.02,"end":3850.148},{"text":"the","start":3850.678,"end":3850.774},{"text":"newly","start":3850.774,"end":3851.127},{"text":"branded","start":3851.545,"end":3852.027},{"text":"OSIRIS-APEX","start":3852.027,"end":3853.167},{"text":"reaches","start":3853.167,"end":3853.456},{"text":"its","start":3853.632,"end":3853.745},{"text":"destination.","start":3853.809,"end":3854.419}]},{"text":"These 3D maps will provide unprecedented detail on the structure of these important celestial bodies and allow us to deepen humanity's knowledge of the near-Earth object population.","start":3855.077,"end":3865.338,"topics":[{"key":"neo-monitoring","label":"NEO Monitoring and Early Warning","description":"A major theme was the detection, tracking, characterization, and risk assessment of near-Earth objects using ground-based and space-based systems. Several statements highlighted early warning thresholds, impact probability updates, and the recent case of asteroid 2024 YR4."}],"words":[{"text":"These","start":3855.077,"end":3855.222},{"text":"3D","start":3855.334,"end":3855.591},{"text":"maps","start":3855.655,"end":3856.073},{"text":"will","start":3856.201,"end":3856.282},{"text":"provide","start":3856.298,"end":3856.779},{"text":"unprecedented","start":3856.779,"end":3857.646},{"text":"detail","start":3857.646,"end":3857.935},{"text":"on","start":3857.984,"end":3858.128},{"text":"the","start":3858.128,"end":3858.208},{"text":"structure","start":3858.208,"end":3858.802},{"text":"of","start":3859.011,"end":3859.124},{"text":"these","start":3859.172,"end":3859.316},{"text":"important","start":3859.348,"end":3859.814},{"text":"celestial","start":3859.814,"end":3860.328},{"text":"bodies","start":3860.376,"end":3860.681},{"text":"and","start":3860.794,"end":3860.858},{"text":"allow","start":3860.938,"end":3861.147},{"text":"us","start":3861.259,"end":3861.355},{"text":"to","start":3861.355,"end":3861.564},{"text":"deepen","start":3861.58,"end":3861.869},{"text":"humanity's","start":3861.917,"end":3862.463},{"text":"knowledge","start":3862.479,"end":3862.929},{"text":"of","start":3863.363,"end":3863.459},{"text":"the","start":3863.507,"end":3863.603},{"text":"near-Earth","start":3863.603,"end":3864.326},{"text":"object","start":3864.326,"end":3864.711},{"text":"population.","start":3864.711,"end":3865.338}]},{"text":"The study of near-Earth objects is important to our collective understanding of the risks present in our solar system.","start":3865.9,"end":3873.036,"topics":[{"key":"neo-monitoring","label":"NEO Monitoring and Early Warning","description":"A major theme was the detection, tracking, characterization, and risk assessment of near-Earth objects using ground-based and space-based systems. Several statements highlighted early warning thresholds, impact probability updates, and the recent case of asteroid 2024 YR4."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":3865.9,"end":3865.98},{"text":"study","start":3865.996,"end":3866.349},{"text":"of","start":3866.349,"end":3866.461},{"text":"near-Earth","start":3866.493,"end":3867.022},{"text":"objects","start":3867.118,"end":3867.567},{"text":"is","start":3867.872,"end":3867.984},{"text":"important","start":3868.658,"end":3869.299},{"text":"to","start":3869.299,"end":3869.396},{"text":"our","start":3869.396,"end":3869.54},{"text":"collective","start":3869.54,"end":3870.085},{"text":"understanding","start":3870.085,"end":3870.631},{"text":"of","start":3870.743,"end":3870.839},{"text":"the","start":3870.839,"end":3871.048},{"text":"risks","start":3871.048,"end":3871.561},{"text":"present","start":3871.625,"end":3872.122},{"text":"in","start":3872.122,"end":3872.202},{"text":"our","start":3872.202,"end":3872.33},{"text":"solar","start":3872.33,"end":3872.587},{"text":"system.","start":3872.603,"end":3873.036}]},{"text":"We strongly support the NEO work of Canadian and international scientists, including the collaboration through the UN-established International Asteroid Warning Network, IAWN.","start":3873.613,"end":3883.685,"topics":[{"key":"planetary-defense-cooperation","label":"Planetary Defense Cooperation","description":"Many speakers stressed that asteroid threats require coordinated international action through mechanisms such as IAWN, SMPAG, UNOOSA, and joint exercises. The discussion focused on sharing observations, aligning response procedures, and building common preparedness against impact risks."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3873.613,"end":3873.646},{"text":"strongly","start":3873.646,"end":3874.127},{"text":"support","start":3874.127,"end":3874.752},{"text":"the","start":3874.752,"end":3874.848},{"text":"NEO","start":3874.848,"end":3875.217},{"text":"work","start":3875.297,"end":3875.634},{"text":"of","start":3875.698,"end":3875.762},{"text":"Canadian","start":3875.795,"end":3876.244},{"text":"and","start":3876.34,"end":3876.564},{"text":"international","start":3876.677,"end":3877.254},{"text":"scientists,","start":3877.254,"end":3877.895},{"text":"including","start":3878.024,"end":3878.489},{"text":"the","start":3878.938,"end":3879.082},{"text":"collaboration","start":3879.082,"end":3879.852},{"text":"through","start":3879.868,"end":3880.061},{"text":"the","start":3880.109,"end":3880.269},{"text":"UN-established","start":3880.269,"end":3881.343},{"text":"International","start":3881.343,"end":3882.113},{"text":"Asteroid","start":3882.113,"end":3882.466},{"text":"Warning","start":3882.514,"end":3882.739},{"text":"Network,","start":3882.771,"end":3883.236},{"text":"IAWN.","start":3883.316,"end":3883.685}]},{"text":"In 2024, Canada formally joined the UN-mandated Space Mission Planning Advisory Group.","start":3885,"end":3891.527,"topics":[{"key":"planetary-defense-cooperation","label":"Planetary Defense Cooperation","description":"Many speakers stressed that asteroid threats require coordinated international action through mechanisms such as IAWN, SMPAG, UNOOSA, and joint exercises. The discussion focused on sharing observations, aligning response procedures, and building common preparedness against impact risks."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":3885,"end":3885.064},{"text":"2024,","start":3885.417,"end":3886.411},{"text":"Canada","start":3886.684,"end":3886.941},{"text":"formally","start":3886.941,"end":3887.39},{"text":"joined","start":3887.422,"end":3887.742},{"text":"the","start":3887.742,"end":3887.887},{"text":"UN-mandated","start":3887.887,"end":3888.881},{"text":"Space","start":3889.49,"end":3889.779},{"text":"Mission","start":3889.891,"end":3890.196},{"text":"Planning","start":3890.228,"end":3890.597},{"text":"Advisory","start":3890.613,"end":3891.158},{"text":"Group.","start":3891.335,"end":3891.527}]},{"text":"SM-PAGE.","start":3891.896,"end":3892.601,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"SM-PAGE.","start":3891.896,"end":3892.601}]},{"text":"And through SM-PAGE, Canada hopes to ensure that humanity is prepared in the event of a near-Earth object impact threat.","start":3893.338,"end":3899.764,"topics":[{"key":"planetary-defense-cooperation","label":"Planetary Defense Cooperation","description":"Many speakers stressed that asteroid threats require coordinated international action through mechanisms such as IAWN, SMPAG, UNOOSA, and joint exercises. The discussion focused on sharing observations, aligning response procedures, and building common preparedness against impact risks."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":3893.338,"end":3893.498},{"text":"through","start":3893.498,"end":3893.61},{"text":"SM-PAGE,","start":3893.675,"end":3894.283},{"text":"Canada","start":3894.38,"end":3894.636},{"text":"hopes","start":3894.7,"end":3894.956},{"text":"to","start":3894.956,"end":3895.053},{"text":"ensure","start":3895.053,"end":3895.437},{"text":"that","start":3895.437,"end":3895.597},{"text":"humanity","start":3895.597,"end":3896.078},{"text":"is","start":3896.078,"end":3896.126},{"text":"prepared","start":3896.222,"end":3896.847},{"text":"in","start":3896.895,"end":3897.008},{"text":"the","start":3897.04,"end":3897.168},{"text":"event","start":3897.184,"end":3897.6},{"text":"of","start":3897.6,"end":3897.697},{"text":"a","start":3897.697,"end":3897.713},{"text":"near-Earth","start":3897.745,"end":3898.321},{"text":"object","start":3898.466,"end":3898.946},{"text":"impact","start":3898.946,"end":3899.363},{"text":"threat.","start":3899.363,"end":3899.764}]},{"text":"In fact, the importance of Iwan and SAME-PAGE is highlighted by the recent discovery of asteroid 2024 YR4, which is being now being studied carefully as a potentially hazardous asteroid.","start":3900.324,"end":3912.951,"topics":[{"key":"neo-monitoring","label":"NEO Monitoring and Early Warning","description":"A major theme was the detection, tracking, characterization, and risk assessment of near-Earth objects using ground-based and space-based systems. Several statements highlighted early warning thresholds, impact probability updates, and the recent case of asteroid 2024 YR4."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":3900.324,"end":3900.453},{"text":"fact,","start":3900.469,"end":3900.837},{"text":"the","start":3901.03,"end":3901.126},{"text":"importance","start":3901.126,"end":3901.687},{"text":"of","start":3901.767,"end":3901.991},{"text":"Iwan","start":3901.991,"end":3902.376},{"text":"and","start":3902.472,"end":3902.584},{"text":"SAME-PAGE","start":3902.584,"end":3903.225},{"text":"is","start":3903.225,"end":3903.337},{"text":"highlighted","start":3903.369,"end":3903.93},{"text":"by","start":3903.93,"end":3904.074},{"text":"the","start":3904.09,"end":3904.234},{"text":"recent","start":3904.234,"end":3904.507},{"text":"discovery","start":3904.555,"end":3905.1},{"text":"of","start":3905.757,"end":3905.917},{"text":"asteroid","start":3905.917,"end":3906.333},{"text":"2024","start":3906.333,"end":3907.167},{"text":"YR4,","start":3907.92,"end":3907.968},{"text":"which","start":3908.481,"end":3908.545},{"text":"is","start":3908.593,"end":3908.705},{"text":"being","start":3908.737,"end":3908.865},{"text":"now","start":3909.138,"end":3909.25},{"text":"being","start":3909.763,"end":3909.907},{"text":"studied","start":3909.923,"end":3910.323},{"text":"carefully","start":3910.323,"end":3910.788},{"text":"as","start":3911.301,"end":3911.429},{"text":"a","start":3911.461,"end":3911.525},{"text":"potentially","start":3911.525,"end":3912.022},{"text":"hazardous","start":3912.022,"end":3912.567},{"text":"asteroid.","start":3912.567,"end":3912.951}]},{"text":"Chair, Canada continues to operate its own space telescope in low Earth orbit, the Near Earth Object Surveillance Satellite, NEOsat, which is the first and only space telescope dedicated to tracking and detecting asteroids, comets, satellites, and space debris.","start":3914.009,"end":3931.593,"topics":[{"key":"neo-monitoring","label":"NEO Monitoring and Early Warning","description":"A major theme was the detection, tracking, characterization, and risk assessment of near-Earth objects using ground-based and space-based systems. Several statements highlighted early warning thresholds, impact probability updates, and the recent case of asteroid 2024 YR4."},{"key":"space-traffic-management","label":"Space Traffic Management and Space Situational Awareness","description":"Delegations highlighted the importance of tracking objects in orbit, issuing conjunction warnings, and coordinating maneuvers in an increasingly crowded space environment. The discussion covered national and regional surveillance systems, data sharing, and governance frameworks for safer operations."},{"key":"space-debris","label":"Space Debris Mitigation and Removal","description":"A recurring concern was the growing debris environment and the need to prevent new debris, improve post-mission disposal, and develop active debris removal. Speakers also referred to design-for-demise, passivation, and ambitious initiatives such as zero-debris approaches."}],"words":[{"text":"Chair,","start":3914.009,"end":3914.217},{"text":"Canada","start":3915.467,"end":3915.852},{"text":"continues","start":3915.852,"end":3916.236},{"text":"to","start":3916.284,"end":3916.364},{"text":"operate","start":3916.413,"end":3916.813},{"text":"its","start":3916.813,"end":3917.053},{"text":"own","start":3917.053,"end":3917.102},{"text":"space","start":3917.15,"end":3917.406},{"text":"telescope","start":3917.406,"end":3918.175},{"text":"in","start":3918.736,"end":3918.784},{"text":"low","start":3918.896,"end":3919.153},{"text":"Earth","start":3919.233,"end":3919.409},{"text":"orbit,","start":3919.409,"end":3919.874},{"text":"the","start":3919.954,"end":3920.051},{"text":"Near","start":3920.051,"end":3920.307},{"text":"Earth","start":3920.435,"end":3920.66},{"text":"Object","start":3920.66,"end":3921.317},{"text":"Surveillance","start":3921.574,"end":3922.135},{"text":"Satellite,","start":3922.135,"end":3922.744},{"text":"NEOsat,","start":3922.84,"end":3923.465},{"text":"which","start":3923.786,"end":3923.85},{"text":"is","start":3923.946,"end":3924.01},{"text":"the","start":3924.026,"end":3924.122},{"text":"first","start":3924.122,"end":3924.523},{"text":"and","start":3924.523,"end":3924.651},{"text":"only","start":3924.667,"end":3924.86},{"text":"space","start":3924.86,"end":3925.132},{"text":"telescope","start":3925.229,"end":3925.726},{"text":"dedicated","start":3925.726,"end":3926.431},{"text":"to","start":3926.431,"end":3926.543},{"text":"tracking","start":3926.543,"end":3926.96},{"text":"and","start":3927.569,"end":3927.633},{"text":"detecting","start":3927.713,"end":3928.258},{"text":"asteroids,","start":3928.996,"end":3929.621},{"text":"comets,","start":3929.653,"end":3930.118},{"text":"satellites,","start":3930.134,"end":3930.695},{"text":"and","start":3930.759,"end":3930.855},{"text":"space","start":3930.871,"end":3931.192},{"text":"debris.","start":3931.192,"end":3931.593}]},{"text":"Through the CSA's Guest Observer Program for NEOsat-based space astronomy, Canadian astronomers can participate in international observation campaigns led by the Iwan and many other campaigns.","start":3932.122,"end":3944.369,"topics":[{"key":"planetary-defense-cooperation","label":"Planetary Defense Cooperation","description":"Many speakers stressed that asteroid threats require coordinated international action through mechanisms such as IAWN, SMPAG, UNOOSA, and joint exercises. The discussion focused on sharing observations, aligning response procedures, and building common preparedness against impact risks."}],"words":[{"text":"Through","start":3932.122,"end":3932.314},{"text":"the","start":3932.619,"end":3932.715},{"text":"CSA's","start":3932.715,"end":3933.164},{"text":"Guest","start":3933.26,"end":3933.837},{"text":"Observer","start":3933.901,"end":3934.382},{"text":"Program","start":3934.382,"end":3934.895},{"text":"for","start":3935.103,"end":3935.344},{"text":"NEOsat-based","start":3935.344,"end":3936.226},{"text":"space","start":3936.226,"end":3936.418},{"text":"astronomy,","start":3936.53,"end":3936.995},{"text":"Canadian","start":3937.652,"end":3938.069},{"text":"astronomers","start":3938.069,"end":3938.598},{"text":"can","start":3938.63,"end":3938.774},{"text":"participate","start":3938.871,"end":3939.416},{"text":"in","start":3939.416,"end":3939.624},{"text":"international","start":3939.656,"end":3940.185},{"text":"observation","start":3940.538,"end":3941.163},{"text":"campaigns","start":3941.179,"end":3941.724},{"text":"led","start":3941.981,"end":3942.157},{"text":"by","start":3942.157,"end":3942.317},{"text":"the","start":3942.317,"end":3942.429},{"text":"Iwan","start":3942.478,"end":3942.991},{"text":"and","start":3943.504,"end":3943.568},{"text":"many","start":3943.584,"end":3943.808},{"text":"other","start":3943.824,"end":3943.984},{"text":"campaigns.","start":3943.984,"end":3944.369}]},{"text":"In line with the Government of Canada's directive on open government and commitments to open science principles, all of Neosat's astronomy images are available freely to scientists and researchers worldwide.","start":3945.392,"end":3956.628,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":3945.392,"end":3945.44},{"text":"line","start":3945.554,"end":3945.766},{"text":"with","start":3945.799,"end":3945.864},{"text":"the","start":3945.864,"end":3945.961},{"text":"Government","start":3946.026,"end":3946.384},{"text":"of","start":3946.384,"end":3946.45},{"text":"Canada's","start":3946.466,"end":3946.856},{"text":"directive","start":3946.856,"end":3947.345},{"text":"on","start":3947.345,"end":3947.54},{"text":"open","start":3947.573,"end":3947.817},{"text":"government","start":3948.077,"end":3948.809},{"text":"and","start":3948.972,"end":3949.037},{"text":"commitments","start":3949.135,"end":3949.639},{"text":"to","start":3949.639,"end":3949.786},{"text":"open","start":3949.786,"end":3950.03},{"text":"science","start":3950.046,"end":3950.437},{"text":"principles,","start":3950.437,"end":3951.055},{"text":"all","start":3951.61,"end":3951.707},{"text":"of","start":3951.707,"end":3951.74},{"text":"Neosat's","start":3951.74,"end":3952.375},{"text":"astronomy","start":3952.375,"end":3952.913},{"text":"images","start":3952.946,"end":3953.402},{"text":"are","start":3953.516,"end":3953.597},{"text":"available","start":3953.597,"end":3953.956},{"text":"freely","start":3953.988,"end":3954.38},{"text":"to","start":3954.738,"end":3954.836},{"text":"scientists","start":3954.836,"end":3955.39},{"text":"and","start":3955.39,"end":3955.471},{"text":"researchers","start":3955.471,"end":3956.009},{"text":"worldwide.","start":3956.123,"end":3956.628}]},{"text":"Neosat's observation time is partly dedicated also to space situational awareness, collecting observations on the satellites and debris in low Earth orbit, from low Earth orbit to geostationary and beyond, including cislunar orbits.","start":3958.29,"end":3973.156,"topics":[{"key":"space-debris","label":"Space Debris Mitigation and Removal","description":"A recurring concern was the growing debris environment and the need to prevent new debris, improve post-mission disposal, and develop active debris removal. Speakers also referred to design-for-demise, passivation, and ambitious initiatives such as zero-debris approaches."},{"key":"space-traffic-management","label":"Space Traffic Management and Space Situational Awareness","description":"Delegations highlighted the importance of tracking objects in orbit, issuing conjunction warnings, and coordinating maneuvers in an increasingly crowded space environment. The discussion covered national and regional surveillance systems, data sharing, and governance frameworks for safer operations."}],"words":[{"text":"Neosat's","start":3958.29,"end":3958.516},{"text":"observation","start":3958.629,"end":3959.178},{"text":"time","start":3959.275,"end":3959.501},{"text":"is","start":3959.695,"end":3959.759},{"text":"partly","start":3959.856,"end":3960.147},{"text":"dedicated","start":3960.244,"end":3960.664},{"text":"also","start":3960.664,"end":3961.148},{"text":"to","start":3961.294,"end":3961.471},{"text":"space","start":3961.471,"end":3961.746},{"text":"situational","start":3961.859,"end":3962.44},{"text":"awareness,","start":3962.44,"end":3962.796},{"text":"collecting","start":3963.006,"end":3963.361},{"text":"observations","start":3963.409,"end":3964.185},{"text":"on","start":3964.201,"end":3964.362},{"text":"the","start":3964.362,"end":3964.443},{"text":"satellites","start":3964.443,"end":3965.024},{"text":"and","start":3965.024,"end":3965.105},{"text":"debris","start":3965.105,"end":3965.541},{"text":"in","start":3965.59,"end":3965.719},{"text":"low","start":3965.735,"end":3965.816},{"text":"Earth","start":3966.074,"end":3966.171},{"text":"orbit,","start":3966.22,"end":3966.623},{"text":"from","start":3968.508,"end":3968.72},{"text":"low","start":3969.728,"end":3969.907},{"text":"Earth","start":3969.907,"end":3970.086},{"text":"orbit","start":3970.086,"end":3970.493},{"text":"to","start":3970.493,"end":3970.639},{"text":"geostationary","start":3970.639,"end":3971.436},{"text":"and","start":3971.518,"end":3971.615},{"text":"beyond,","start":3971.615,"end":3971.941},{"text":"including","start":3972.162,"end":3972.45},{"text":"cislunar","start":3972.466,"end":3972.803},{"text":"orbits.","start":3972.803,"end":3973.156}]},{"text":"NEOsat is Canada's eye in the sky, ready to pivot towards any important or emerging space phenomenon, such as witnessing the amazing NASA DART spacecraft when it impacted the asteroid Didymos.","start":3973.845,"end":3985.248,"topics":[{"key":"asteroid-deflection","label":"Asteroid Deflection and Mitigation Missions","description":"Speakers discussed missions and technologies intended to understand or demonstrate how dangerous asteroids could be deflected. DART, Hera, and planned Apophis-related missions were presented as key steps in developing practical mitigation options."}],"words":[{"text":"NEOsat","start":3973.845,"end":3974.327},{"text":"is","start":3974.327,"end":3974.375},{"text":"Canada's","start":3974.471,"end":3974.952},{"text":"eye","start":3974.952,"end":3975},{"text":"in","start":3975.112,"end":3975.177},{"text":"the","start":3975.193,"end":3975.241},{"text":"sky,","start":3975.273,"end":3975.481},{"text":"ready","start":3975.85,"end":3976.059},{"text":"to","start":3976.107,"end":3976.187},{"text":"pivot","start":3976.251,"end":3976.572},{"text":"towards","start":3976.572,"end":3976.957},{"text":"any","start":3976.957,"end":3977.149},{"text":"important","start":3977.149,"end":3977.662},{"text":"or","start":3977.71,"end":3977.791},{"text":"emerging","start":3977.855,"end":3978.192},{"text":"space","start":3978.256,"end":3978.576},{"text":"phenomenon,","start":3978.576,"end":3979.106},{"text":"such","start":3979.523,"end":3979.779},{"text":"as","start":3979.779,"end":3979.875},{"text":"witnessing","start":3979.924,"end":3980.389},{"text":"the","start":3980.661,"end":3980.741},{"text":"amazing","start":3980.741,"end":3981.19},{"text":"NASA","start":3982.345,"end":3982.746},{"text":"DART","start":3982.746,"end":3982.971},{"text":"spacecraft","start":3982.971,"end":3983.692},{"text":"when","start":3983.692,"end":3983.788},{"text":"it","start":3983.788,"end":3983.933},{"text":"impacted","start":3983.933,"end":3984.366},{"text":"the","start":3984.366,"end":3984.478},{"text":"asteroid","start":3984.494,"end":3984.831},{"text":"Didymos.","start":3984.831,"end":3985.248}]},{"text":"The NEOsat team has recently started to develop its Near-Earth Object Candidate Observation Planner, or NEOCOP, to facilitate rapid response on NEO candidates and deliver data faster to the international community databases.","start":3986.515,"end":4000.335,"topics":[{"key":"neo-monitoring","label":"NEO Monitoring and Early Warning","description":"A major theme was the detection, tracking, characterization, and risk assessment of near-Earth objects using ground-based and space-based systems. Several statements highlighted early warning thresholds, impact probability updates, and the recent case of asteroid 2024 YR4."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":3986.515,"end":3986.611},{"text":"NEOsat","start":3986.611,"end":3987.076},{"text":"team","start":3987.076,"end":3987.268},{"text":"has","start":3987.301,"end":3987.445},{"text":"recently","start":3987.477,"end":3987.814},{"text":"started","start":3987.814,"end":3988.199},{"text":"to","start":3988.199,"end":3988.359},{"text":"develop","start":3988.359,"end":3988.824},{"text":"its","start":3989.145,"end":3989.273},{"text":"Near-Earth","start":3989.482,"end":3990.107},{"text":"Object","start":3990.107,"end":3990.813},{"text":"Candidate","start":3990.909,"end":3991.486},{"text":"Observation","start":3991.486,"end":3992.096},{"text":"Planner,","start":3992.128,"end":3992.497},{"text":"or","start":3992.625,"end":3992.705},{"text":"NEOCOP,","start":3992.705,"end":3993.411},{"text":"to","start":3993.812,"end":3993.892},{"text":"facilitate","start":3993.892,"end":3994.597},{"text":"rapid","start":3994.597,"end":3994.934},{"text":"response","start":3994.934,"end":3995.56},{"text":"on","start":3995.56,"end":3995.624},{"text":"NEO","start":3995.72,"end":3995.961},{"text":"candidates","start":3995.961,"end":3996.458},{"text":"and","start":3996.522,"end":3996.618},{"text":"deliver","start":3996.618,"end":3997.131},{"text":"data","start":3997.42,"end":3997.66},{"text":"faster","start":3997.677,"end":3998.254},{"text":"to","start":3998.373,"end":3998.472},{"text":"the","start":3998.472,"end":3998.555},{"text":"international","start":3998.555,"end":3999.165},{"text":"community","start":3999.214,"end":3999.61},{"text":"databases.","start":3999.709,"end":4000.335}]},{"text":"Chair, we wish to take this opportunity to commend Romania on its leadership at COPUSS in 2024 in advancing the proposal for an International Year of Asteroid Awareness and Planetary Defense.","start":4002.25,"end":4014.263,"topics":[{"key":"asteroid-awareness","label":"Asteroid Awareness","description":"Delegations repeatedly welcomed the designation of 2029 as the International Year of Asteroid Awareness and Planetary Defense. This topic centered on public education, outreach, scientific engagement, and using the close approach of Apophis to raise global awareness."}],"words":[{"text":"Chair,","start":4002.25,"end":4002.508},{"text":"we","start":4002.686,"end":4002.767},{"text":"wish","start":4002.767,"end":4002.88},{"text":"to","start":4002.88,"end":4003.026},{"text":"take","start":4003.09,"end":4003.252},{"text":"this","start":4003.252,"end":4003.478},{"text":"opportunity","start":4003.478,"end":4004.028},{"text":"to","start":4004.206,"end":4004.287},{"text":"commend","start":4004.287,"end":4004.626},{"text":"Romania","start":4004.626,"end":4005.273},{"text":"on","start":4005.839,"end":4005.936},{"text":"its","start":4005.984,"end":4006.146},{"text":"leadership","start":4006.146,"end":4006.647},{"text":"at","start":4006.647,"end":4006.906},{"text":"COPUSS","start":4007.294,"end":4007.843},{"text":"in","start":4007.843,"end":4007.94},{"text":"2024","start":4007.94,"end":4008.619},{"text":"in","start":4008.732,"end":4008.91},{"text":"advancing","start":4008.91,"end":4009.347},{"text":"the","start":4009.395,"end":4009.476},{"text":"proposal","start":4009.476,"end":4010.074},{"text":"for","start":4010.672,"end":4010.85},{"text":"an","start":4010.85,"end":4010.899},{"text":"International","start":4011.077,"end":4011.723},{"text":"Year","start":4011.723,"end":4011.917},{"text":"of","start":4012.047,"end":4012.127},{"text":"Asteroid","start":4012.208,"end":4012.629},{"text":"Awareness","start":4012.629,"end":4013.195},{"text":"and","start":4013.195,"end":4013.325},{"text":"Planetary","start":4013.357,"end":4013.81},{"text":"Defense.","start":4013.842,"end":4014.263}]},{"text":"We agree with the importance of raising awareness on planetary defense and that 2029 is a particularly compelling year.","start":4014.732,"end":4021.384,"topics":[{"key":"asteroid-awareness","label":"Asteroid Awareness","description":"Delegations repeatedly welcomed the designation of 2029 as the International Year of Asteroid Awareness and Planetary Defense. This topic centered on public education, outreach, scientific engagement, and using the close approach of Apophis to raise global awareness."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4014.732,"end":4014.878},{"text":"agree","start":4014.878,"end":4015.201},{"text":"with","start":4015.201,"end":4015.282},{"text":"the","start":4015.282,"end":4015.331},{"text":"importance","start":4015.379,"end":4015.946},{"text":"of","start":4016.027,"end":4016.091},{"text":"raising","start":4016.091,"end":4016.399},{"text":"awareness","start":4016.496,"end":4016.916},{"text":"on","start":4016.916,"end":4016.997},{"text":"planetary","start":4016.997,"end":4017.644},{"text":"defense","start":4017.644,"end":4018.081},{"text":"and","start":4018.356,"end":4018.421},{"text":"that","start":4018.453,"end":4018.631},{"text":"2029","start":4018.631,"end":4019.634},{"text":"is","start":4019.667,"end":4019.715},{"text":"a","start":4019.812,"end":4019.909},{"text":"particularly","start":4019.909,"end":4020.686},{"text":"compelling","start":4020.702,"end":4021.042},{"text":"year.","start":4021.042,"end":4021.384}]},{"text":"This is an opportunity to highlight the collaborative efforts being undertaken by the UN to mitigate the potential hazard posed by near-Earth objects.","start":4022.671,"end":4031.029,"topics":[{"key":"planetary-defense-cooperation","label":"Planetary Defense Cooperation","description":"Many speakers stressed that asteroid threats require coordinated international action through mechanisms such as IAWN, SMPAG, UNOOSA, and joint exercises. The discussion focused on sharing observations, aligning response procedures, and building common preparedness against impact risks."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":4022.671,"end":4022.801},{"text":"is","start":4022.915,"end":4022.996},{"text":"an","start":4022.996,"end":4023.143},{"text":"opportunity","start":4023.143,"end":4023.697},{"text":"to","start":4023.729,"end":4023.892},{"text":"highlight","start":4023.908,"end":4024.316},{"text":"the","start":4024.876,"end":4024.972},{"text":"collaborative","start":4024.972,"end":4025.501},{"text":"efforts","start":4025.597,"end":4025.998},{"text":"being","start":4025.998,"end":4026.142},{"text":"undertaken","start":4026.478,"end":4027.039},{"text":"by","start":4027.039,"end":4027.087},{"text":"the","start":4027.135,"end":4027.28},{"text":"UN","start":4027.28,"end":4027.584},{"text":"to","start":4027.696,"end":4027.841},{"text":"mitigate","start":4027.841,"end":4028.321},{"text":"the","start":4028.321,"end":4028.417},{"text":"potential","start":4028.417,"end":4028.898},{"text":"hazard","start":4028.898,"end":4029.299},{"text":"posed","start":4029.299,"end":4029.667},{"text":"by","start":4029.699,"end":4029.796},{"text":"near-Earth","start":4029.796,"end":4030.404},{"text":"objects.","start":4030.565,"end":4031.029}]},{"text":"In closing, increased data sharing from the large variety of sensors we collectively operate can yield great benefits for space sustainability by improving our collective knowledge of the solar system, including risks to our planet in space and on orbit.","start":4032.087,"end":4048.047,"topics":[{"key":"space-sustainability","label":"Long-Term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities","description":"Several delegations emphasized implementation of the COPUOS Long-Term Sustainability Guidelines and the need for continued work beyond the current mandate. The topic included national laws, reporting on implementation, information-sharing tools, and preserving space for future generations."},{"key":"neo-monitoring","label":"NEO Monitoring and Early Warning","description":"A major theme was the detection, tracking, characterization, and risk assessment of near-Earth objects using ground-based and space-based systems. Several statements highlighted early warning thresholds, impact probability updates, and the recent case of asteroid 2024 YR4."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":4032.087,"end":4032.183},{"text":"closing,","start":4032.183,"end":4032.632},{"text":"increased","start":4033.305,"end":4034.202},{"text":"data","start":4034.25,"end":4034.443},{"text":"sharing","start":4034.443,"end":4034.795},{"text":"from","start":4034.891,"end":4035.116},{"text":"the","start":4035.212,"end":4035.292},{"text":"large","start":4035.548,"end":4035.869},{"text":"variety","start":4035.869,"end":4036.285},{"text":"of","start":4036.285,"end":4036.366},{"text":"sensors","start":4036.366,"end":4036.798},{"text":"we","start":4036.894,"end":4037.055},{"text":"collectively","start":4037.055,"end":4037.599},{"text":"operate","start":4037.696,"end":4038.433},{"text":"can","start":4038.433,"end":4038.545},{"text":"yield","start":4038.593,"end":4038.833},{"text":"great","start":4038.833,"end":4039.138},{"text":"benefits","start":4039.138,"end":4039.57},{"text":"for","start":4039.715,"end":4039.907},{"text":"space","start":4039.907,"end":4040.259},{"text":"sustainability","start":4040.259,"end":4040.965},{"text":"by","start":4041.157,"end":4041.237},{"text":"improving","start":4041.237,"end":4041.686},{"text":"our","start":4041.782,"end":4041.958},{"text":"collective","start":4041.958,"end":4042.455},{"text":"knowledge","start":4042.455,"end":4042.855},{"text":"of","start":4042.855,"end":4042.936},{"text":"the","start":4042.984,"end":4043.064},{"text":"solar","start":4043.064,"end":4043.336},{"text":"system,","start":4043.336,"end":4043.849},{"text":"including","start":4044.362,"end":4044.794},{"text":"risks","start":4045.147,"end":4045.435},{"text":"to","start":4045.547,"end":4045.644},{"text":"our","start":4045.644,"end":4045.836},{"text":"planet","start":4045.868,"end":4046.381},{"text":"in","start":4046.589,"end":4046.685},{"text":"space","start":4046.685,"end":4047.038},{"text":"and","start":4047.23,"end":4047.31},{"text":"on","start":4047.47,"end":4047.518},{"text":"orbit.","start":4047.647,"end":4048.047}]},{"text":"The last few years have seen great progress in areas, but there is still much to learn.","start":4048.608,"end":4052.829,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":4048.608,"end":4048.688},{"text":"last","start":4048.688,"end":4048.961},{"text":"few","start":4048.993,"end":4049.233},{"text":"years","start":4049.233,"end":4049.377},{"text":"have","start":4049.473,"end":4049.57},{"text":"seen","start":4049.57,"end":4049.778},{"text":"great","start":4049.81,"end":4050.114},{"text":"progress","start":4050.114,"end":4050.531},{"text":"in","start":4050.531,"end":4050.579},{"text":"areas,","start":4050.917,"end":4051.225},{"text":"but","start":4051.322,"end":4051.516},{"text":"there","start":4051.727,"end":4051.84},{"text":"is","start":4051.84,"end":4051.905},{"text":"still","start":4051.905,"end":4052.213},{"text":"much","start":4052.213,"end":4052.407},{"text":"to","start":4052.488,"end":4052.618},{"text":"learn.","start":4052.618,"end":4052.829}]},{"text":"Canada looks forward to building upon and expanding upon our capabilities and partnerships in these important areas.","start":4053.347,"end":4059.164,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Canada","start":4053.347,"end":4053.671},{"text":"looks","start":4053.671,"end":4053.85},{"text":"forward","start":4053.85,"end":4054.174},{"text":"to","start":4054.174,"end":4054.336},{"text":"building","start":4054.336,"end":4054.611},{"text":"upon","start":4054.66,"end":4055.016},{"text":"and","start":4055.146,"end":4055.211},{"text":"expanding","start":4055.243,"end":4055.843},{"text":"upon","start":4055.859,"end":4056.232},{"text":"our","start":4056.345,"end":4056.507},{"text":"capabilities","start":4056.507,"end":4057.139},{"text":"and","start":4057.317,"end":4057.382},{"text":"partnerships","start":4057.414,"end":4058.063},{"text":"in","start":4058.127,"end":4058.192},{"text":"these","start":4058.225,"end":4058.354},{"text":"important","start":4058.387,"end":4058.873},{"text":"areas.","start":4058.873,"end":4059.164}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"CAN","affiliation_full":"Canada","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":19,"start":4059.72,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1a/k1ad4k1m9e?t=4060","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you.","start":4059.72,"end":4059.963,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":4059.72,"end":4059.817},{"text":"you.","start":4059.817,"end":4059.963}]},{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of Canada for the statement.","start":4061.767,"end":4064.772,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":4061.767,"end":4061.848},{"text":"thank","start":4061.848,"end":4062.026},{"text":"the","start":4062.026,"end":4062.108},{"text":"distinguished","start":4062.124,"end":4062.595},{"text":"representative","start":4062.66,"end":4063.326},{"text":"of","start":4063.326,"end":4063.456},{"text":"Canada","start":4063.489,"end":4063.895},{"text":"for","start":4063.895,"end":4064.122},{"text":"the","start":4064.122,"end":4064.155},{"text":"statement.","start":4064.155,"end":4064.772}]},{"text":"The next speaker on my list is the distinguished representative of the Russian Federation.","start":4065.3,"end":4069.167,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":4065.3,"end":4065.348},{"text":"next","start":4065.348,"end":4065.526},{"text":"speaker","start":4065.526,"end":4065.801},{"text":"on","start":4065.801,"end":4065.963},{"text":"my","start":4065.963,"end":4066.141},{"text":"list","start":4066.238,"end":4066.626},{"text":"is","start":4066.626,"end":4066.675},{"text":"the","start":4066.707,"end":4066.788},{"text":"distinguished","start":4066.853,"end":4067.355},{"text":"representative","start":4067.355,"end":4068.034},{"text":"of","start":4068.067,"end":4068.131},{"text":"the","start":4068.164,"end":4068.245},{"text":"Russian","start":4068.245,"end":4068.568},{"text":"Federation.","start":4068.568,"end":4069.167}]},{"text":"You have the floor.","start":4069.442,"end":4070.089,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"You","start":4069.442,"end":4069.539},{"text":"have","start":4069.539,"end":4069.717},{"text":"the","start":4069.717,"end":4069.847},{"text":"floor.","start":4069.847,"end":4070.089}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"COPUOS","affiliation_full":"COPUOS","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":20,"start":4074.3,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1a/k1ad4k1m9e?t=4075","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you very much, Chair.","start":4074.3,"end":4075.294,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":4074.3,"end":4074.479},{"text":"you","start":4074.479,"end":4074.528},{"text":"very","start":4074.545,"end":4074.659},{"text":"much,","start":4074.659,"end":4074.952},{"text":"Chair.","start":4075.033,"end":4075.294}]},{"text":"Madam Chair, The problem of near-Earth objects is generally acknowledged and is a serious global threat.","start":4076.663,"end":4084.729,"topics":[{"key":"neo-monitoring","label":"NEO Monitoring and Early Warning","description":"A major theme was the detection, tracking, characterization, and risk assessment of near-Earth objects using ground-based and space-based systems. Several statements highlighted early warning thresholds, impact probability updates, and the recent case of asteroid 2024 YR4."}],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":4076.663,"end":4076.907},{"text":"Chair,","start":4076.907,"end":4077.249},{"text":"The","start":4078.169,"end":4078.266},{"text":"problem","start":4078.266,"end":4078.555},{"text":"of","start":4078.667,"end":4078.796},{"text":"near-Earth","start":4078.893,"end":4079.6},{"text":"objects","start":4079.857,"end":4080.388},{"text":"is","start":4081.304,"end":4081.369},{"text":"generally","start":4081.465,"end":4081.851},{"text":"acknowledged","start":4082.044,"end":4082.816},{"text":"and","start":4082.992,"end":4083.105},{"text":"is","start":4083.105,"end":4083.217},{"text":"a","start":4083.25,"end":4083.266},{"text":"serious","start":4083.266,"end":4083.844},{"text":"global","start":4084.118,"end":4084.423},{"text":"threat.","start":4084.455,"end":4084.729}]},{"text":"The main areas of work for us in monitoring near-Earth objects are the drafting of effective astronomical technologies for the detection and monitoring of NEOs, including asteroids and comets, and particularly potentially dangerous objects depending on their characteristics, studying the dynamic, physical, and chemical characteristics of NEO, identifying mechanisms for reproduction of populations of NEO from asteroids in the main belt, crafting effective methods for forecasting the movement of, of NEOs and risk assessment for collisions.","start":4086.39,"end":4127.774,"topics":[{"key":"neo-monitoring","label":"NEO Monitoring and Early Warning","description":"A major theme was the detection, tracking, characterization, and risk assessment of near-Earth objects using ground-based and space-based systems. Several statements highlighted early warning thresholds, impact probability updates, and the recent case of asteroid 2024 YR4."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":4086.39,"end":4086.422},{"text":"main","start":4086.422,"end":4086.55},{"text":"areas","start":4086.807,"end":4087.113},{"text":"of","start":4087.225,"end":4087.466},{"text":"work","start":4087.466,"end":4087.852},{"text":"for","start":4088.189,"end":4088.543},{"text":"us","start":4088.575,"end":4088.703},{"text":"in","start":4088.912,"end":4088.96},{"text":"monitoring","start":4089.073,"end":4089.683},{"text":"near-Earth","start":4089.94,"end":4090.406},{"text":"objects","start":4090.503,"end":4091.001},{"text":"are","start":4091.145,"end":4091.338},{"text":"the","start":4092.511,"end":4092.704},{"text":"drafting","start":4092.752,"end":4093.138},{"text":"of","start":4093.186,"end":4093.25},{"text":"effective","start":4093.25,"end":4093.78},{"text":"astronomical","start":4093.877,"end":4094.536},{"text":"technologies","start":4094.536,"end":4095.226},{"text":"for","start":4095.339,"end":4095.484},{"text":"the","start":4095.484,"end":4095.564},{"text":"detection","start":4095.564,"end":4095.982},{"text":"and","start":4095.982,"end":4096.062},{"text":"monitoring","start":4096.062,"end":4096.594},{"text":"of","start":4096.933,"end":4096.998},{"text":"NEOs,","start":4097.256,"end":4097.691},{"text":"including","start":4098.545,"end":4099.174},{"text":"asteroids","start":4099.432,"end":4099.868},{"text":"and","start":4099.868,"end":4099.964},{"text":"comets,","start":4100.077,"end":4100.464},{"text":"and","start":4100.883,"end":4101.238},{"text":"particularly","start":4101.625,"end":4102.27},{"text":"potentially","start":4102.592,"end":4103.125},{"text":"dangerous","start":4103.254,"end":4103.769},{"text":"objects","start":4103.896,"end":4104.507},{"text":"depending","start":4105.118,"end":4105.456},{"text":"on","start":4105.456,"end":4105.536},{"text":"their","start":4105.536,"end":4105.681},{"text":"characteristics,","start":4105.681,"end":4106.646},{"text":"studying","start":4106.984,"end":4107.337},{"text":"the","start":4107.369,"end":4107.514},{"text":"dynamic,","start":4107.514,"end":4108.141},{"text":"physical,","start":4108.157,"end":4108.672},{"text":"and","start":4108.817,"end":4108.881},{"text":"chemical","start":4108.978,"end":4109.396},{"text":"characteristics","start":4109.444,"end":4110.28},{"text":"of","start":4110.344,"end":4110.473},{"text":"NEO,","start":4110.521,"end":4110.843},{"text":"identifying","start":4112.18,"end":4112.662},{"text":"mechanisms","start":4112.694,"end":4113.304},{"text":"for","start":4113.336,"end":4113.497},{"text":"reproduction","start":4113.497,"end":4114.14},{"text":"of","start":4114.14,"end":4114.236},{"text":"populations","start":4114.236,"end":4114.992},{"text":"of","start":4115.024,"end":4115.152},{"text":"NEO","start":4115.522,"end":4115.875},{"text":"from","start":4117.257,"end":4117.514},{"text":"asteroids","start":4117.579,"end":4118.125},{"text":"in","start":4118.318,"end":4118.366},{"text":"the","start":4118.398,"end":4118.495},{"text":"main","start":4118.495,"end":4118.687},{"text":"belt,","start":4118.8,"end":4119.121},{"text":"crafting","start":4120.632,"end":4121.017},{"text":"effective","start":4121.066,"end":4121.5},{"text":"methods","start":4121.5,"end":4122.037},{"text":"for","start":4122.086,"end":4122.265},{"text":"forecasting","start":4122.265,"end":4122.982},{"text":"the","start":4123.064,"end":4123.113},{"text":"movement","start":4123.113,"end":4123.504},{"text":"of,","start":4123.504,"end":4123.651},{"text":"of","start":4124.139,"end":4124.237},{"text":"NEOs","start":4124.286,"end":4124.645},{"text":"and","start":4125.59,"end":4125.704},{"text":"risk","start":4125.834,"end":4126.111},{"text":"assessment","start":4126.111,"end":4126.812},{"text":"for","start":4126.812,"end":4126.91},{"text":"collisions.","start":4127.236,"end":4127.774}]},{"text":"Fundamental aspects of study of these measures could be the prevention of the collision of these NEOs and damage control; developing international cooperation, including in the IAWN; creating tools on the ground and in space for the detection and monitoring of NEO; designing and implementing algorithms for optimal planning for the detection of NEO.","start":4129.45,"end":4159.371,"topics":[{"key":"neo-monitoring","label":"NEO Monitoring and Early Warning","description":"A major theme was the detection, tracking, characterization, and risk assessment of near-Earth objects using ground-based and space-based systems. Several statements highlighted early warning thresholds, impact probability updates, and the recent case of asteroid 2024 YR4."},{"key":"planetary-defense-cooperation","label":"Planetary Defense Cooperation","description":"Many speakers stressed that asteroid threats require coordinated international action through mechanisms such as IAWN, SMPAG, UNOOSA, and joint exercises. The discussion focused on sharing observations, aligning response procedures, and building common preparedness against impact risks."}],"words":[{"text":"Fundamental","start":4129.45,"end":4130.164},{"text":"aspects","start":4130.196,"end":4130.845},{"text":"of","start":4130.845,"end":4130.991},{"text":"study","start":4131.008,"end":4131.397},{"text":"of","start":4131.819,"end":4131.884},{"text":"these","start":4131.916,"end":4132.046},{"text":"measures","start":4132.144,"end":4132.452},{"text":"could","start":4133.134,"end":4133.426},{"text":"be","start":4133.458,"end":4133.604},{"text":"the","start":4133.604,"end":4133.702},{"text":"prevention","start":4133.702,"end":4134.156},{"text":"of","start":4134.205,"end":4134.481},{"text":"the","start":4134.497,"end":4134.562},{"text":"collision","start":4134.594,"end":4135},{"text":"of","start":4135,"end":4135.081},{"text":"these","start":4135.081,"end":4135.292},{"text":"NEOs","start":4135.714,"end":4136.331},{"text":"and","start":4136.687,"end":4136.914},{"text":"damage","start":4137.496,"end":4137.819},{"text":"control;","start":4137.836,"end":4138.288},{"text":"developing","start":4139.614,"end":4140.067},{"text":"international","start":4140.261,"end":4140.859},{"text":"cooperation,","start":4140.908,"end":4141.652},{"text":"including","start":4141.862,"end":4142.363},{"text":"in","start":4143.237,"end":4143.285},{"text":"the","start":4143.334,"end":4143.495},{"text":"IAWN;","start":4143.641,"end":4144.579},{"text":"creating","start":4145.97,"end":4146.373},{"text":"tools","start":4146.47,"end":4146.858},{"text":"on","start":4147.116,"end":4147.261},{"text":"the","start":4147.293,"end":4147.374},{"text":"ground","start":4147.374,"end":4147.923},{"text":"and","start":4148.004,"end":4148.165},{"text":"in","start":4148.165,"end":4148.214},{"text":"space","start":4148.278,"end":4148.634},{"text":"for","start":4149.554,"end":4149.715},{"text":"the","start":4149.796,"end":4149.877},{"text":"detection","start":4149.877,"end":4150.329},{"text":"and","start":4150.377,"end":4150.49},{"text":"monitoring","start":4150.506,"end":4150.958},{"text":"of","start":4151.394,"end":4151.54},{"text":"NEO;","start":4151.572,"end":4151.863},{"text":"designing","start":4154.85,"end":4155.338},{"text":"and","start":4155.436,"end":4155.534},{"text":"implementing","start":4155.534,"end":4156.071},{"text":"algorithms","start":4156.332,"end":4156.968},{"text":"for","start":4157,"end":4157.13},{"text":"optimal","start":4157.245,"end":4157.652},{"text":"planning","start":4157.652,"end":4158.027},{"text":"for","start":4158.124,"end":4158.287},{"text":"the","start":4158.236,"end":4158.317},{"text":"detection","start":4158.317,"end":4158.706},{"text":"of","start":4158.901,"end":4159.031},{"text":"NEO.","start":4159.063,"end":4159.371}]},{"text":"Of importance is broadening Russian scientific centers' participation in adding to the Minor Planet Center and the IAWN databases.","start":4163.428,"end":4174.215,"topics":[{"key":"neo-monitoring","label":"NEO Monitoring and Early Warning","description":"A major theme was the detection, tracking, characterization, and risk assessment of near-Earth objects using ground-based and space-based systems. Several statements highlighted early warning thresholds, impact probability updates, and the recent case of asteroid 2024 YR4."}],"words":[{"text":"Of","start":4163.428,"end":4163.493},{"text":"importance","start":4163.541,"end":4164.304},{"text":"is","start":4164.888,"end":4164.953},{"text":"broadening","start":4165.066,"end":4165.44},{"text":"Russian","start":4165.472,"end":4165.842},{"text":"scientific","start":4166.615,"end":4167.179},{"text":"centers'","start":4167.179,"end":4167.694},{"text":"participation","start":4167.968,"end":4168.724},{"text":"in","start":4169.014,"end":4169.063},{"text":"adding","start":4169.32,"end":4169.546},{"text":"to","start":4169.819,"end":4169.997},{"text":"the","start":4170.222,"end":4170.302},{"text":"Minor","start":4170.302,"end":4170.625},{"text":"Planet","start":4170.625,"end":4171.011},{"text":"Center","start":4171.011,"end":4171.333},{"text":"and","start":4172.058,"end":4172.364},{"text":"the","start":4172.412,"end":4172.525},{"text":"IAWN","start":4172.621,"end":4173.571},{"text":"databases.","start":4173.604,"end":4174.215}]},{"text":"In 2024, the Russian Federation conducted broad research on NEO.","start":4175.215,"end":4180.648,"topics":[{"key":"neo-monitoring","label":"NEO Monitoring and Early Warning","description":"A major theme was the detection, tracking, characterization, and risk assessment of near-Earth objects using ground-based and space-based systems. Several statements highlighted early warning thresholds, impact probability updates, and the recent case of asteroid 2024 YR4."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":4175.215,"end":4175.264},{"text":"2024,","start":4175.296,"end":4176.202},{"text":"the","start":4177.156,"end":4177.236},{"text":"Russian","start":4177.236,"end":4177.527},{"text":"Federation","start":4177.641,"end":4178.174},{"text":"conducted","start":4178.352,"end":4178.837},{"text":"broad","start":4178.837,"end":4179.112},{"text":"research","start":4179.177,"end":4179.743},{"text":"on","start":4180.212,"end":4180.26},{"text":"NEO.","start":4180.389,"end":4180.648}]},{"text":"This is included in the list of problems which seeks to solve the Milky Way project, which is an information analytics system for the safety of outer space operations.","start":4182.653,"end":4195.97,"topics":[{"key":"space-traffic-management","label":"Space Traffic Management and Space Situational Awareness","description":"Delegations highlighted the importance of tracking objects in orbit, issuing conjunction warnings, and coordinating maneuvers in an increasingly crowded space environment. The discussion covered national and regional surveillance systems, data sharing, and governance frameworks for safer operations."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":4182.653,"end":4182.766},{"text":"is","start":4182.831,"end":4182.944},{"text":"included","start":4182.977,"end":4183.478},{"text":"in","start":4183.478,"end":4183.591},{"text":"the","start":4183.623,"end":4183.688},{"text":"list","start":4183.688,"end":4183.963},{"text":"of","start":4183.963,"end":4184.076},{"text":"problems","start":4184.108,"end":4184.561},{"text":"which","start":4186.433,"end":4186.545},{"text":"seeks","start":4186.609,"end":4187.107},{"text":"to","start":4187.332,"end":4187.492},{"text":"solve","start":4187.492,"end":4188.664},{"text":"the","start":4189.339,"end":4189.596},{"text":"Milky","start":4189.756,"end":4190.077},{"text":"Way","start":4190.125,"end":4190.382},{"text":"project,","start":4190.463,"end":4191.025},{"text":"which","start":4191.185,"end":4191.394},{"text":"is","start":4191.571,"end":4191.635},{"text":"an","start":4191.683,"end":4191.795},{"text":"information","start":4191.908,"end":4192.438},{"text":"analytics","start":4192.614,"end":4193.353},{"text":"system","start":4193.353,"end":4193.706},{"text":"for","start":4194.075,"end":4194.236},{"text":"the","start":4194.236,"end":4194.316},{"text":"safety","start":4194.316,"end":4194.685},{"text":"of","start":4194.701,"end":4194.766},{"text":"outer","start":4194.798,"end":4194.958},{"text":"space","start":4194.958,"end":4195.344},{"text":"operations.","start":4195.344,"end":4195.97}]},{"text":"The Director General of the State Corporation Roscosmos in May 2024, during a meeting of the heads of space agencies of the BRICS countries, invited the partners of BRICS to participate in the Milky Way project.","start":4196.484,"end":4210.115,"topics":[{"key":"space-traffic-management","label":"Space Traffic Management and Space Situational Awareness","description":"Delegations highlighted the importance of tracking objects in orbit, issuing conjunction warnings, and coordinating maneuvers in an increasingly crowded space environment. The discussion covered national and regional surveillance systems, data sharing, and governance frameworks for safer operations."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":4196.484,"end":4196.628},{"text":"Director","start":4196.628,"end":4197.046},{"text":"General","start":4197.046,"end":4197.543},{"text":"of","start":4197.672,"end":4197.72},{"text":"the","start":4197.768,"end":4197.832},{"text":"State","start":4197.832,"end":4198.154},{"text":"Corporation","start":4198.154,"end":4198.619},{"text":"Roscosmos","start":4198.715,"end":4199.422},{"text":"in","start":4199.855,"end":4200.016},{"text":"May","start":4200.016,"end":4200.128},{"text":"2024,","start":4200.257,"end":4200.995},{"text":"during","start":4201.06,"end":4201.268},{"text":"a","start":4201.381,"end":4201.397},{"text":"meeting","start":4201.397,"end":4201.83},{"text":"of","start":4201.927,"end":4202.103},{"text":"the","start":4202.103,"end":4202.216},{"text":"heads","start":4202.248,"end":4202.585},{"text":"of","start":4202.585,"end":4202.713},{"text":"space","start":4202.729,"end":4202.954},{"text":"agencies","start":4203.067,"end":4203.597},{"text":"of","start":4203.613,"end":4203.693},{"text":"the","start":4203.693,"end":4203.789},{"text":"BRICS","start":4203.789,"end":4204.014},{"text":"countries,","start":4204.03,"end":4204.48},{"text":"invited","start":4204.592,"end":4205.138},{"text":"the","start":4205.138,"end":4205.234},{"text":"partners","start":4205.234,"end":4205.684},{"text":"of","start":4205.716,"end":4205.812},{"text":"BRICS","start":4205.86,"end":4206.23},{"text":"to","start":4206.76,"end":4206.888},{"text":"participate","start":4206.92,"end":4207.739},{"text":"in","start":4207.803,"end":4207.851},{"text":"the","start":4208.044,"end":4208.285},{"text":"Milky","start":4209.409,"end":4209.698},{"text":"Way","start":4209.714,"end":4209.81},{"text":"project.","start":4209.874,"end":4210.115}]},{"text":"The detection of daytime asteroids is also part of the project.","start":4210.519,"end":4213.772,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":4210.519,"end":4210.6},{"text":"detection","start":4210.6,"end":4211.053},{"text":"of","start":4211.086,"end":4211.134},{"text":"daytime","start":4211.248,"end":4211.62},{"text":"asteroids","start":4211.749,"end":4212.202},{"text":"is","start":4212.316,"end":4212.364},{"text":"also","start":4212.461,"end":4212.785},{"text":"part","start":4212.785,"end":4212.963},{"text":"of","start":4212.963,"end":4213.044},{"text":"the","start":4213.044,"end":4213.141},{"text":"project.","start":4213.141,"end":4213.772}]},{"text":"We welcome all who are interested to participate.","start":4213.918,"end":4216.928,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4213.918,"end":4214.015},{"text":"welcome","start":4214.08,"end":4214.42},{"text":"all","start":4214.727,"end":4214.776},{"text":"who","start":4215.391,"end":4215.52},{"text":"are","start":4215.536,"end":4215.585},{"text":"interested","start":4215.714,"end":4216.119},{"text":"to","start":4216.119,"end":4216.2},{"text":"participate.","start":4216.2,"end":4216.928}]},{"text":"We would like to note that the State Corporation Roscosmos, as a member of SMPAG, stands ready to engage in more active, practical participation in this format.","start":4217.84,"end":4230.113,"topics":[{"key":"planetary-defense-cooperation","label":"Planetary Defense Cooperation","description":"Many speakers stressed that asteroid threats require coordinated international action through mechanisms such as IAWN, SMPAG, UNOOSA, and joint exercises. The discussion focused on sharing observations, aligning response procedures, and building common preparedness against impact risks."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4217.84,"end":4217.872},{"text":"would","start":4217.872,"end":4218.033},{"text":"like","start":4218.033,"end":4218.34},{"text":"to","start":4218.34,"end":4218.372},{"text":"note","start":4218.421,"end":4218.809},{"text":"that","start":4219.245,"end":4219.406},{"text":"the","start":4219.406,"end":4219.487},{"text":"State","start":4219.487,"end":4219.778},{"text":"Corporation","start":4219.794,"end":4220.262},{"text":"Roscosmos,","start":4220.375,"end":4221.602},{"text":"as","start":4221.812,"end":4221.877},{"text":"a","start":4221.909,"end":4221.925},{"text":"member","start":4221.925,"end":4222.362},{"text":"of","start":4222.701,"end":4222.765},{"text":"SMPAG,","start":4223.104,"end":4223.863},{"text":"stands","start":4225.72,"end":4226.123},{"text":"ready","start":4226.156,"end":4226.366},{"text":"to","start":4226.624,"end":4226.769},{"text":"engage","start":4226.785,"end":4227.092},{"text":"in","start":4227.125,"end":4227.173},{"text":"more","start":4227.27,"end":4227.399},{"text":"active,","start":4227.593,"end":4227.9},{"text":"practical","start":4228.013,"end":4228.578},{"text":"participation","start":4228.578,"end":4229.305},{"text":"in","start":4229.305,"end":4229.354},{"text":"this","start":4229.386,"end":4229.515},{"text":"format.","start":4229.612,"end":4230.113}]},{"text":"We think that this is the only way to create a single international coordination system for the Monitoring of NEO.","start":4231.809,"end":4238.695,"topics":[{"key":"neo-monitoring","label":"NEO Monitoring and Early Warning","description":"A major theme was the detection, tracking, characterization, and risk assessment of near-Earth objects using ground-based and space-based systems. Several statements highlighted early warning thresholds, impact probability updates, and the recent case of asteroid 2024 YR4."},{"key":"planetary-defense-cooperation","label":"Planetary Defense Cooperation","description":"Many speakers stressed that asteroid threats require coordinated international action through mechanisms such as IAWN, SMPAG, UNOOSA, and joint exercises. The discussion focused on sharing observations, aligning response procedures, and building common preparedness against impact risks."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4231.809,"end":4231.906},{"text":"think","start":4231.906,"end":4232.212},{"text":"that","start":4232.212,"end":4232.325},{"text":"this","start":4232.325,"end":4232.438},{"text":"is","start":4232.551,"end":4232.6},{"text":"the","start":4232.712,"end":4232.938},{"text":"only","start":4233.019,"end":4233.245},{"text":"way","start":4233.277,"end":4233.503},{"text":"to","start":4233.503,"end":4233.616},{"text":"create","start":4233.616,"end":4234.003},{"text":"a","start":4234.003,"end":4234.084},{"text":"single","start":4234.084,"end":4234.6},{"text":"international","start":4235.374,"end":4235.988},{"text":"coordination","start":4236.02,"end":4236.552},{"text":"system","start":4236.601,"end":4237.02},{"text":"for","start":4237.214,"end":4237.31},{"text":"the","start":4237.31,"end":4237.569},{"text":"Monitoring","start":4237.563,"end":4238.096},{"text":"of","start":4238.209,"end":4238.339},{"text":"NEO.","start":4238.436,"end":4238.695}]},{"text":"The Russian Federation is discussing with international partners the project of the creation of a system for observation of daytime asteroids, or SODA.","start":4239.665,"end":4250.269,"topics":[{"key":"neo-monitoring","label":"NEO Monitoring and Early Warning","description":"A major theme was the detection, tracking, characterization, and risk assessment of near-Earth objects using ground-based and space-based systems. Several statements highlighted early warning thresholds, impact probability updates, and the recent case of asteroid 2024 YR4."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":4239.665,"end":4239.729},{"text":"Russian","start":4239.729,"end":4240.069},{"text":"Federation","start":4240.069,"end":4240.603},{"text":"is","start":4241.363,"end":4241.492},{"text":"discussing","start":4241.524,"end":4242.058},{"text":"with","start":4242.171,"end":4242.284},{"text":"international","start":4242.349,"end":4243.044},{"text":"partners","start":4243.044,"end":4243.513},{"text":"the","start":4243.626,"end":4243.772},{"text":"project","start":4243.772,"end":4244.257},{"text":"of","start":4244.661,"end":4244.839},{"text":"the","start":4244.839,"end":4244.984},{"text":"creation","start":4244.984,"end":4245.453},{"text":"of","start":4245.486,"end":4245.567},{"text":"a","start":4245.567,"end":4245.583},{"text":"system","start":4245.583,"end":4246.019},{"text":"for","start":4246.133,"end":4246.327},{"text":"observation","start":4246.44,"end":4246.941},{"text":"of","start":4247.109,"end":4247.246},{"text":"daytime","start":4247.263,"end":4247.759},{"text":"asteroids,","start":4248.033,"end":4248.614},{"text":"or","start":4249.75,"end":4249.912},{"text":"SODA.","start":4249.944,"end":4250.269}]},{"text":"Allow us to recall that, as was demonstrated by the events in Chelyabinsk on February 15th, 2013, daytime bodies cannot be detected in a timely manner by ground or space-based resources.","start":4252.864,"end":4267.986,"topics":[{"key":"neo-monitoring","label":"NEO Monitoring and Early Warning","description":"A major theme was the detection, tracking, characterization, and risk assessment of near-Earth objects using ground-based and space-based systems. Several statements highlighted early warning thresholds, impact probability updates, and the recent case of asteroid 2024 YR4."}],"words":[{"text":"Allow","start":4252.864,"end":4253.058},{"text":"us","start":4253.107,"end":4253.253},{"text":"to","start":4253.253,"end":4253.35},{"text":"recall","start":4253.35,"end":4253.853},{"text":"that,","start":4254.242,"end":4254.356},{"text":"as","start":4254.469,"end":4254.615},{"text":"was","start":4254.713,"end":4254.859},{"text":"demonstrated","start":4254.972,"end":4255.621},{"text":"by","start":4255.621,"end":4255.783},{"text":"the","start":4255.783,"end":4255.913},{"text":"events","start":4255.929,"end":4256.27},{"text":"in","start":4256.27,"end":4256.416},{"text":"Chelyabinsk","start":4256.416,"end":4257.243},{"text":"on","start":4257.243,"end":4257.292},{"text":"February","start":4257.405,"end":4257.81},{"text":"15th,","start":4257.81,"end":4258.231},{"text":"2013,","start":4258.296,"end":4259.398},{"text":"daytime","start":4261.197,"end":4261.715},{"text":"bodies","start":4262.023,"end":4262.396},{"text":"cannot","start":4262.752,"end":4263.352},{"text":"be","start":4263.481,"end":4263.563},{"text":"detected","start":4263.563,"end":4264.113},{"text":"in","start":4264.113,"end":4264.162},{"text":"a","start":4264.211,"end":4264.276},{"text":"timely","start":4264.276,"end":4264.664},{"text":"manner","start":4264.697,"end":4265.248},{"text":"by","start":4265.282,"end":4265.395},{"text":"ground","start":4265.91,"end":4266.377},{"text":"or","start":4266.473,"end":4266.521},{"text":"space-based","start":4266.57,"end":4267.342},{"text":"resources.","start":4267.375,"end":4267.986}]},{"text":"That is the reason that a space telescope is necessary, and it must be far enough away from the Earth.","start":4268.727,"end":4273.298,"topics":[{"key":"neo-monitoring","label":"NEO Monitoring and Early Warning","description":"A major theme was the detection, tracking, characterization, and risk assessment of near-Earth objects using ground-based and space-based systems. Several statements highlighted early warning thresholds, impact probability updates, and the recent case of asteroid 2024 YR4."}],"words":[{"text":"That","start":4268.727,"end":4268.904},{"text":"is","start":4268.904,"end":4268.952},{"text":"the","start":4269.048,"end":4269.129},{"text":"reason","start":4269.129,"end":4269.451},{"text":"that","start":4269.467,"end":4269.563},{"text":"a","start":4269.563,"end":4269.58},{"text":"space","start":4269.612,"end":4269.934},{"text":"telescope","start":4269.95,"end":4270.449},{"text":"is","start":4270.449,"end":4270.561},{"text":"necessary,","start":4270.61,"end":4271.205},{"text":"and","start":4271.463,"end":4271.559},{"text":"it","start":4271.559,"end":4271.656},{"text":"must","start":4271.656,"end":4271.881},{"text":"be","start":4271.881,"end":4271.994},{"text":"far","start":4272.042,"end":4272.284},{"text":"enough","start":4272.284,"end":4272.477},{"text":"away","start":4272.541,"end":4272.718},{"text":"from","start":4272.766,"end":4272.911},{"text":"the","start":4272.992,"end":4273.088},{"text":"Earth.","start":4273.088,"end":4273.298}]},{"text":"The unique project of a small space device with this type of telescope on board in the L1 system is proposed as the basis for creating the SODA system.","start":4274.59,"end":4286.157,"topics":[{"key":"neo-monitoring","label":"NEO Monitoring and Early Warning","description":"A major theme was the detection, tracking, characterization, and risk assessment of near-Earth objects using ground-based and space-based systems. Several statements highlighted early warning thresholds, impact probability updates, and the recent case of asteroid 2024 YR4."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":4274.59,"end":4274.783},{"text":"unique","start":4275.105,"end":4275.491},{"text":"project","start":4275.507,"end":4276.055},{"text":"of","start":4276.055,"end":4276.199},{"text":"a","start":4276.232,"end":4276.328},{"text":"small","start":4276.328,"end":4276.972},{"text":"space","start":4276.972,"end":4277.359},{"text":"device","start":4277.359,"end":4277.777},{"text":"with","start":4277.826,"end":4277.922},{"text":"this","start":4277.922,"end":4278.051},{"text":"type","start":4278.083,"end":4278.341},{"text":"of","start":4278.341,"end":4278.454},{"text":"telescope","start":4278.792,"end":4279.516},{"text":"on","start":4279.677,"end":4279.725},{"text":"board","start":4279.935,"end":4280.305},{"text":"in","start":4280.498,"end":4280.547},{"text":"the","start":4280.579,"end":4280.675},{"text":"L1","start":4280.804,"end":4281.432},{"text":"system","start":4281.545,"end":4282.076},{"text":"is","start":4282.205,"end":4282.318},{"text":"proposed","start":4282.897,"end":4283.461},{"text":"as","start":4283.541,"end":4283.606},{"text":"the","start":4283.718,"end":4283.879},{"text":"basis","start":4283.879,"end":4284.348},{"text":"for","start":4284.348,"end":4284.447},{"text":"creating","start":4284.529,"end":4285.006},{"text":"the","start":4285.105,"end":4285.187},{"text":"SODA","start":4285.187,"end":4285.532},{"text":"system.","start":4285.532,"end":4286.157}]},{"text":"Madam Chair, The Russian Federation stands ready to develop and broaden various fora for international cooperation dealing with NEO.","start":4289.717,"end":4298.984,"topics":[{"key":"planetary-defense-cooperation","label":"Planetary Defense Cooperation","description":"Many speakers stressed that asteroid threats require coordinated international action through mechanisms such as IAWN, SMPAG, UNOOSA, and joint exercises. The discussion focused on sharing observations, aligning response procedures, and building common preparedness against impact risks."}],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":4289.717,"end":4290.013},{"text":"Chair,","start":4290.046,"end":4290.358},{"text":"The","start":4291.117,"end":4291.197},{"text":"Russian","start":4291.197,"end":4291.502},{"text":"Federation","start":4291.534,"end":4292.145},{"text":"stands","start":4292.241,"end":4292.626},{"text":"ready","start":4292.658,"end":4292.867},{"text":"to","start":4293.044,"end":4293.172},{"text":"develop","start":4293.301,"end":4293.862},{"text":"and","start":4294.264,"end":4294.424},{"text":"broaden","start":4294.489,"end":4294.794},{"text":"various","start":4295.131,"end":4295.356},{"text":"fora","start":4295.468,"end":4295.789},{"text":"for","start":4295.789,"end":4295.966},{"text":"international","start":4295.966,"end":4296.512},{"text":"cooperation","start":4296.576,"end":4297.282},{"text":"dealing","start":4297.7,"end":4297.925},{"text":"with","start":4298.021,"end":4298.23},{"text":"NEO.","start":4298.663,"end":4298.984}]},{"text":"The Russian Federation welcomes the GA's decision to mark in 2029 the International Year for Asteroid Awareness and Planetary Defense.","start":4299.642,"end":4309.934,"topics":[{"key":"asteroid-awareness","label":"Asteroid Awareness","description":"Delegations repeatedly welcomed the designation of 2029 as the International Year of Asteroid Awareness and Planetary Defense. This topic centered on public education, outreach, scientific engagement, and using the close approach of Apophis to raise global awareness."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":4299.642,"end":4299.707},{"text":"Russian","start":4299.707,"end":4300.012},{"text":"Federation","start":4300.108,"end":4300.574},{"text":"welcomes","start":4300.67,"end":4301.136},{"text":"the","start":4301.152,"end":4301.248},{"text":"GA's","start":4301.248,"end":4301.601},{"text":"decision","start":4301.649,"end":4302.179},{"text":"to","start":4303.094,"end":4303.223},{"text":"mark","start":4303.239,"end":4303.576},{"text":"in","start":4303.576,"end":4303.624},{"text":"2029","start":4303.721,"end":4304.748},{"text":"the","start":4305.342,"end":4305.583},{"text":"International","start":4305.728,"end":4306.691},{"text":"Year","start":4306.771,"end":4306.9},{"text":"for","start":4307.012,"end":4307.156},{"text":"Asteroid","start":4307.333,"end":4307.734},{"text":"Awareness","start":4307.751,"end":4308.248},{"text":"and","start":4308.457,"end":4308.682},{"text":"Planetary","start":4308.939,"end":4309.404},{"text":"Defense.","start":4309.436,"end":4309.934}]},{"text":"We note that the efforts of countries to develop capacity when it comes to detecting and monitoring potentially dangerous NEO, as well as early warning about them and threat reduction, are of utmost importance and can broaden international cooperation and information exchange.","start":4310.962,"end":4330.66,"topics":[{"key":"neo-monitoring","label":"NEO Monitoring and Early Warning","description":"A major theme was the detection, tracking, characterization, and risk assessment of near-Earth objects using ground-based and space-based systems. Several statements highlighted early warning thresholds, impact probability updates, and the recent case of asteroid 2024 YR4."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4310.962,"end":4311.186},{"text":"note","start":4311.202,"end":4311.54},{"text":"that","start":4311.54,"end":4311.684},{"text":"the","start":4311.684,"end":4311.845},{"text":"efforts","start":4311.845,"end":4312.198},{"text":"of","start":4312.246,"end":4312.375},{"text":"countries","start":4312.391,"end":4312.776},{"text":"to","start":4312.872,"end":4312.985},{"text":"develop","start":4312.985,"end":4313.434},{"text":"capacity","start":4313.45,"end":4314.221},{"text":"when","start":4314.398,"end":4314.51},{"text":"it","start":4314.558,"end":4314.654},{"text":"comes","start":4314.654,"end":4314.863},{"text":"to","start":4314.895,"end":4315.04},{"text":"detecting","start":4315.04,"end":4315.586},{"text":"and","start":4315.762,"end":4315.843},{"text":"monitoring","start":4316.019,"end":4316.629},{"text":"potentially","start":4317.12,"end":4317.687},{"text":"dangerous","start":4317.687,"end":4318.075},{"text":"NEO,","start":4318.674,"end":4319.063},{"text":"as","start":4320.521,"end":4320.586},{"text":"well","start":4320.683,"end":4320.812},{"text":"as","start":4320.861,"end":4320.91},{"text":"early","start":4321.088,"end":4321.282},{"text":"warning","start":4321.412,"end":4321.703},{"text":"about","start":4321.752,"end":4322.141},{"text":"them","start":4322.141,"end":4322.367},{"text":"and","start":4323.517,"end":4323.825},{"text":"threat","start":4323.857,"end":4324.165},{"text":"reduction,","start":4324.165,"end":4324.716},{"text":"are","start":4325.218,"end":4325.266},{"text":"of","start":4325.299,"end":4325.364},{"text":"utmost","start":4325.542,"end":4325.882},{"text":"importance","start":4325.882,"end":4326.56},{"text":"and","start":4327.48,"end":4327.561},{"text":"can","start":4327.642,"end":4327.722},{"text":"broaden","start":4327.819,"end":4328.094},{"text":"international","start":4328.126,"end":4328.755},{"text":"cooperation","start":4328.772,"end":4329.401},{"text":"and","start":4329.514,"end":4329.676},{"text":"information","start":4329.676,"end":4330.192},{"text":"exchange.","start":4330.241,"end":4330.66}]},{"text":"Thank you.","start":4330.967,"end":4331.209,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":4330.967,"end":4331.129},{"text":"you.","start":4331.129,"end":4331.209}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"RUS","affiliation_full":"Russian Federation","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":21,"start":4334.422,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1a/k1ad4k1m9e?t=4335","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of the Russian Federation for the statement.","start":4334.422,"end":4338.003,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":4334.422,"end":4334.503},{"text":"thank","start":4334.503,"end":4334.745},{"text":"the","start":4334.745,"end":4334.81},{"text":"distinguished","start":4334.81,"end":4335.312},{"text":"representative","start":4335.312,"end":4335.977},{"text":"of","start":4335.977,"end":4336.074},{"text":"the","start":4336.123,"end":4336.204},{"text":"Russian","start":4336.22,"end":4336.512},{"text":"Federation","start":4336.528,"end":4337.112},{"text":"for","start":4337.112,"end":4337.274},{"text":"the","start":4337.274,"end":4337.355},{"text":"statement.","start":4337.355,"end":4338.003}]},{"text":"The next speaker on my list is the distinguished representative of Italy.","start":4338.409,"end":4341.732,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":4338.409,"end":4338.474},{"text":"next","start":4338.49,"end":4338.652},{"text":"speaker","start":4338.652,"end":4339.057},{"text":"on","start":4339.057,"end":4339.203},{"text":"my","start":4339.203,"end":4339.365},{"text":"list","start":4339.365,"end":4339.69},{"text":"is","start":4339.69,"end":4339.754},{"text":"the","start":4339.771,"end":4339.819},{"text":"distinguished","start":4339.933,"end":4340.435},{"text":"representative","start":4340.435,"end":4341.165},{"text":"of","start":4341.165,"end":4341.408},{"text":"Italy.","start":4341.408,"end":4341.732}]},{"text":"You have the floor.","start":4342.057,"end":4342.365,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"You","start":4342.057,"end":4342.203},{"text":"have","start":4342.203,"end":4342.267},{"text":"the","start":4342.267,"end":4342.3},{"text":"floor.","start":4342.3,"end":4342.365}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"COPUOS","affiliation_full":"COPUOS","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":22,"start":4344.713,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1a/k1ad4k1m9e?t=4345","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Madam Chair, distinguished delegates, on behalf of the Italian delegation, I'm honored to report the national activities under this agenda item.","start":4344.713,"end":4353.384,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":4344.713,"end":4344.922},{"text":"Chair,","start":4345.035,"end":4345.324},{"text":"distinguished","start":4345.613,"end":4346.159},{"text":"delegates,","start":4346.159,"end":4346.737},{"text":"on","start":4346.977,"end":4347.106},{"text":"behalf","start":4347.138,"end":4347.523},{"text":"of","start":4347.523,"end":4347.684},{"text":"the","start":4347.684,"end":4347.764},{"text":"Italian","start":4347.764,"end":4348.101},{"text":"delegation,","start":4348.101,"end":4348.792},{"text":"I'm","start":4349.225,"end":4349.338},{"text":"honored","start":4349.53,"end":4349.836},{"text":"to","start":4349.932,"end":4350.044},{"text":"report","start":4350.044,"end":4350.398},{"text":"the","start":4350.43,"end":4350.51},{"text":"national","start":4350.51,"end":4351.008},{"text":"activities","start":4351.008,"end":4351.602},{"text":"under","start":4351.859,"end":4352.18},{"text":"this","start":4352.26,"end":4352.485},{"text":"agenda","start":4352.581,"end":4353.079},{"text":"item.","start":4353.079,"end":4353.384}]},{"text":"Italy actively contributes to the study and monitoring of near-Earth objects, particularly participating in numerous international projects and recognizing the high value of global cooperation in planetary defense.","start":4354.299,"end":4367.498,"topics":[{"key":"neo-monitoring","label":"NEO Monitoring and Early Warning","description":"A major theme was the detection, tracking, characterization, and risk assessment of near-Earth objects using ground-based and space-based systems. Several statements highlighted early warning thresholds, impact probability updates, and the recent case of asteroid 2024 YR4."},{"key":"planetary-defense-cooperation","label":"Planetary Defense Cooperation","description":"Many speakers stressed that asteroid threats require coordinated international action through mechanisms such as IAWN, SMPAG, UNOOSA, and joint exercises. The discussion focused on sharing observations, aligning response procedures, and building common preparedness against impact risks."}],"words":[{"text":"Italy","start":4354.299,"end":4354.572},{"text":"actively","start":4354.765,"end":4355.247},{"text":"contributes","start":4355.311,"end":4355.969},{"text":"to","start":4356.114,"end":4356.258},{"text":"the","start":4356.29,"end":4356.387},{"text":"study","start":4356.387,"end":4356.82},{"text":"and","start":4356.933,"end":4357.077},{"text":"monitoring","start":4357.093,"end":4357.543},{"text":"of","start":4357.671,"end":4357.784},{"text":"near-Earth","start":4357.816,"end":4358.538},{"text":"objects,","start":4358.538,"end":4359.132},{"text":"particularly","start":4359.662,"end":4360.272},{"text":"participating","start":4360.529,"end":4361.155},{"text":"in","start":4361.284,"end":4361.332},{"text":"numerous","start":4361.332,"end":4361.83},{"text":"international","start":4361.83,"end":4362.536},{"text":"projects","start":4362.617,"end":4363.195},{"text":"and","start":4363.339,"end":4363.5},{"text":"recognizing","start":4363.5,"end":4364.126},{"text":"the","start":4364.303,"end":4364.399},{"text":"high","start":4364.399,"end":4364.672},{"text":"value","start":4364.72,"end":4365.121},{"text":"of","start":4365.202,"end":4365.33},{"text":"global","start":4365.362,"end":4365.732},{"text":"cooperation","start":4365.764,"end":4366.438},{"text":"in","start":4366.502,"end":4366.615},{"text":"planetary","start":4366.631,"end":4367.096},{"text":"defense.","start":4367.129,"end":4367.498}]},{"text":"In the context of UN, Italian experts participate to the I1 and CEMPAGE framework.","start":4368.349,"end":4374.675,"topics":[{"key":"planetary-defense-cooperation","label":"Planetary Defense Cooperation","description":"Many speakers stressed that asteroid threats require coordinated international action through mechanisms such as IAWN, SMPAG, UNOOSA, and joint exercises. The discussion focused on sharing observations, aligning response procedures, and building common preparedness against impact risks."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":4368.349,"end":4368.429},{"text":"the","start":4368.429,"end":4368.558},{"text":"context","start":4368.558,"end":4369.232},{"text":"of","start":4369.28,"end":4369.441},{"text":"UN,","start":4369.441,"end":4369.746},{"text":"Italian","start":4370.099,"end":4370.468},{"text":"experts","start":4370.805,"end":4371.689},{"text":"participate","start":4371.865,"end":4372.572},{"text":"to","start":4372.572,"end":4372.732},{"text":"the","start":4372.732,"end":4372.861},{"text":"I1","start":4373.214,"end":4373.358},{"text":"and","start":4373.535,"end":4373.599},{"text":"CEMPAGE","start":4373.647,"end":4374.177},{"text":"framework.","start":4374.193,"end":4374.675}]},{"text":"At the European level, Italy participates in the ESA Space Safety Programme, supporting the development of both ground-based and space-based instruments to observe and detect NEOs.","start":4375.398,"end":4386.621,"topics":[{"key":"neo-monitoring","label":"NEO Monitoring and Early Warning","description":"A major theme was the detection, tracking, characterization, and risk assessment of near-Earth objects using ground-based and space-based systems. Several statements highlighted early warning thresholds, impact probability updates, and the recent case of asteroid 2024 YR4."}],"words":[{"text":"At","start":4375.398,"end":4375.478},{"text":"the","start":4375.478,"end":4375.622},{"text":"European","start":4375.622,"end":4376.168},{"text":"level,","start":4376.281,"end":4376.698},{"text":"Italy","start":4377.228,"end":4377.533},{"text":"participates","start":4377.565,"end":4378.464},{"text":"in","start":4378.513,"end":4378.609},{"text":"the","start":4378.609,"end":4378.77},{"text":"ESA","start":4378.77,"end":4379.026},{"text":"Space","start":4379.026,"end":4379.332},{"text":"Safety","start":4379.332,"end":4379.701},{"text":"Programme,","start":4379.717,"end":4380.199},{"text":"supporting","start":4380.311,"end":4380.905},{"text":"the","start":4381.017,"end":4381.098},{"text":"development","start":4381.162,"end":4381.917},{"text":"of","start":4381.981,"end":4382.077},{"text":"both","start":4382.141,"end":4382.43},{"text":"ground-based","start":4382.463,"end":4383.105},{"text":"and","start":4383.105,"end":4383.265},{"text":"space-based","start":4383.265,"end":4384.004},{"text":"instruments","start":4384.052,"end":4384.71},{"text":"to","start":4384.71,"end":4384.839},{"text":"observe","start":4384.935,"end":4385.401},{"text":"and","start":4385.578,"end":4385.674},{"text":"detect","start":4385.674,"end":4386.075},{"text":"NEOs.","start":4386.3,"end":4386.621}]},{"text":"In this context, Italy supports the realization and installation phase of the FlyEye telescope.","start":4387.761,"end":4393.22,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":4387.761,"end":4387.842},{"text":"this","start":4387.842,"end":4388.066},{"text":"context,","start":4388.066,"end":4388.693},{"text":"Italy","start":4389.03,"end":4389.287},{"text":"supports","start":4389.287,"end":4389.672},{"text":"the","start":4389.688,"end":4389.768},{"text":"realization","start":4389.768,"end":4390.571},{"text":"and","start":4390.571,"end":4390.716},{"text":"installation","start":4390.716,"end":4391.438},{"text":"phase","start":4391.438,"end":4391.743},{"text":"of","start":4391.936,"end":4392.032},{"text":"the","start":4392.08,"end":4392.161},{"text":"FlyEye","start":4392.161,"end":4392.675},{"text":"telescope.","start":4392.723,"end":4393.22}]},{"text":"an innovative system with a large field of view designed for sky surveillance and NEO detection.","start":4394.007,"end":4400.315,"topics":[{"key":"neo-monitoring","label":"NEO Monitoring and Early Warning","description":"A major theme was the detection, tracking, characterization, and risk assessment of near-Earth objects using ground-based and space-based systems. Several statements highlighted early warning thresholds, impact probability updates, and the recent case of asteroid 2024 YR4."}],"words":[{"text":"an","start":4394.007,"end":4394.103},{"text":"innovative","start":4394.103,"end":4394.569},{"text":"system","start":4394.569,"end":4395.098},{"text":"with","start":4395.291,"end":4395.452},{"text":"a","start":4395.452,"end":4395.468},{"text":"large","start":4395.548,"end":4395.805},{"text":"field","start":4395.933,"end":4396.126},{"text":"of","start":4396.126,"end":4396.254},{"text":"view","start":4396.254,"end":4396.479},{"text":"designed","start":4396.992,"end":4397.506},{"text":"for","start":4397.538,"end":4397.715},{"text":"sky","start":4397.715,"end":4397.987},{"text":"surveillance","start":4398.036,"end":4398.71},{"text":"and","start":4398.983,"end":4399.207},{"text":"NEO","start":4399.336,"end":4399.625},{"text":"detection.","start":4399.721,"end":4400.315}]},{"text":"This telescope is planned to be installed in Italy, in Sicily, and the Italian Space Agency supports the pre-installation phase with its Space Geodesy Centre located in Matera.","start":4401.31,"end":4413.363,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":4401.31,"end":4401.551},{"text":"telescope","start":4401.551,"end":4402.209},{"text":"is","start":4402.289,"end":4402.417},{"text":"planned","start":4402.449,"end":4402.658},{"text":"to","start":4402.867,"end":4402.979},{"text":"be","start":4403.011,"end":4403.156},{"text":"installed","start":4403.156,"end":4403.717},{"text":"in","start":4403.717,"end":4403.814},{"text":"Italy,","start":4403.814,"end":4404.183},{"text":"in","start":4404.536,"end":4404.6},{"text":"Sicily,","start":4404.616,"end":4405.066},{"text":"and","start":4405.419,"end":4405.483},{"text":"the","start":4405.499,"end":4405.579},{"text":"Italian","start":4405.579,"end":4405.98},{"text":"Space","start":4405.98,"end":4406.301},{"text":"Agency","start":4406.366,"end":4406.831},{"text":"supports","start":4406.943,"end":4407.425},{"text":"the","start":4407.489,"end":4407.65},{"text":"pre-installation","start":4407.65,"end":4408.452},{"text":"phase","start":4408.452,"end":4408.677},{"text":"with","start":4409.351,"end":4409.64},{"text":"its","start":4409.816,"end":4409.945},{"text":"Space","start":4410.073,"end":4410.41},{"text":"Geodesy","start":4410.715,"end":4411.694},{"text":"Centre","start":4411.694,"end":4412.192},{"text":"located","start":4412.304,"end":4412.737},{"text":"in","start":4412.802,"end":4412.946},{"text":"Matera.","start":4412.946,"end":4413.363}]},{"text":"Italy also played a key role in the recent launch of the Hera mission in October 2024, contributing to the development of the onboard Milani CubeSat.","start":4414.31,"end":4424.761,"topics":[{"key":"asteroid-deflection","label":"Asteroid Deflection and Mitigation Missions","description":"Speakers discussed missions and technologies intended to understand or demonstrate how dangerous asteroids could be deflected. DART, Hera, and planned Apophis-related missions were presented as key steps in developing practical mitigation options."}],"words":[{"text":"Italy","start":4414.31,"end":4414.615},{"text":"also","start":4414.872,"end":4415.209},{"text":"played","start":4415.209,"end":4415.498},{"text":"a","start":4415.514,"end":4415.53},{"text":"key","start":4415.53,"end":4415.771},{"text":"role","start":4415.771,"end":4416.076},{"text":"in","start":4416.493,"end":4416.573},{"text":"the","start":4416.573,"end":4416.718},{"text":"recent","start":4416.734,"end":4417.135},{"text":"launch","start":4417.135,"end":4417.472},{"text":"of","start":4417.777,"end":4417.905},{"text":"the","start":4417.938,"end":4418.082},{"text":"Hera","start":4418.082,"end":4418.259},{"text":"mission","start":4418.259,"end":4418.708},{"text":"in","start":4418.917,"end":4418.981},{"text":"October","start":4419.222,"end":4419.398},{"text":"2024,","start":4419.398,"end":4420.442},{"text":"contributing","start":4421.229,"end":4421.903},{"text":"to","start":4422.032,"end":4422.192},{"text":"the","start":4422.192,"end":4422.288},{"text":"development","start":4422.288,"end":4423.059},{"text":"of","start":4423.059,"end":4423.172},{"text":"the","start":4423.172,"end":4423.316},{"text":"onboard","start":4423.396,"end":4423.862},{"text":"Milani","start":4423.862,"end":4424.247},{"text":"CubeSat.","start":4424.279,"end":4424.761}]},{"text":"These nanosatellites will study the Didymos binary system following the impact of the previous NASA DART mission.","start":4425.708,"end":4432.838,"topics":[{"key":"asteroid-deflection","label":"Asteroid Deflection and Mitigation Missions","description":"Speakers discussed missions and technologies intended to understand or demonstrate how dangerous asteroids could be deflected. DART, Hera, and planned Apophis-related missions were presented as key steps in developing practical mitigation options."}],"words":[{"text":"These","start":4425.708,"end":4425.837},{"text":"nanosatellites","start":4425.949,"end":4426.865},{"text":"will","start":4427.073,"end":4427.234},{"text":"study","start":4427.234,"end":4427.619},{"text":"the","start":4427.635,"end":4427.812},{"text":"Didymos","start":4427.812,"end":4428.261},{"text":"binary","start":4428.454,"end":4428.823},{"text":"system","start":4428.856,"end":4429.434},{"text":"following","start":4429.578,"end":4429.947},{"text":"the","start":4430.06,"end":4430.204},{"text":"impact","start":4430.204,"end":4430.702},{"text":"of","start":4430.847,"end":4430.895},{"text":"the","start":4430.943,"end":4431.087},{"text":"previous","start":4431.087,"end":4431.682},{"text":"NASA","start":4431.73,"end":4431.987},{"text":"DART","start":4431.987,"end":4432.388},{"text":"mission.","start":4432.388,"end":4432.838}]},{"text":"DART had previously deployed another Italian CubeSat, LICIACube, which captured images of the first-ever asteroid deflection test.","start":4433.753,"end":4442.664,"topics":[{"key":"asteroid-deflection","label":"Asteroid Deflection and Mitigation Missions","description":"Speakers discussed missions and technologies intended to understand or demonstrate how dangerous asteroids could be deflected. DART, Hera, and planned Apophis-related missions were presented as key steps in developing practical mitigation options."}],"words":[{"text":"DART","start":4433.753,"end":4434.17},{"text":"had","start":4434.299,"end":4434.491},{"text":"previously","start":4434.62,"end":4435.166},{"text":"deployed","start":4435.198,"end":4435.728},{"text":"another","start":4435.824,"end":4436.21},{"text":"Italian","start":4436.226,"end":4436.643},{"text":"CubeSat,","start":4436.643,"end":4437.285},{"text":"LICIACube,","start":4437.606,"end":4438.088},{"text":"which","start":4438.634,"end":4438.779},{"text":"captured","start":4438.875,"end":4439.389},{"text":"images","start":4439.437,"end":4439.822},{"text":"of","start":4440.015,"end":4440.111},{"text":"the","start":4440.159,"end":4440.24},{"text":"first-ever","start":4440.24,"end":4440.882},{"text":"asteroid","start":4440.898,"end":4441.556},{"text":"deflection","start":4441.621,"end":4442.231},{"text":"test.","start":4442.263,"end":4442.664}]},{"text":"Italian industries are also deeply involved in the preparatory work for the ESA-proposed Ramses mission, which will rendezvous the Apophis asteroid, offering a unique opportunity to study this NEO during its exceptionally close approach to Earth in April 2029.","start":4443.692,"end":4462.06,"topics":[{"key":"asteroid-deflection","label":"Asteroid Deflection and Mitigation Missions","description":"Speakers discussed missions and technologies intended to understand or demonstrate how dangerous asteroids could be deflected. DART, Hera, and planned Apophis-related missions were presented as key steps in developing practical mitigation options."},{"key":"asteroid-awareness","label":"Asteroid Awareness","description":"Delegations repeatedly welcomed the designation of 2029 as the International Year of Asteroid Awareness and Planetary Defense. This topic centered on public education, outreach, scientific engagement, and using the close approach of Apophis to raise global awareness."}],"words":[{"text":"Italian","start":4443.692,"end":4444.109},{"text":"industries","start":4444.109,"end":4444.639},{"text":"are","start":4445.233,"end":4445.378},{"text":"also","start":4445.378,"end":4445.683},{"text":"deeply","start":4445.715,"end":4445.956},{"text":"involved","start":4445.956,"end":4446.614},{"text":"in","start":4446.662,"end":4446.727},{"text":"the","start":4446.759,"end":4446.839},{"text":"preparatory","start":4446.919,"end":4447.529},{"text":"work","start":4447.626,"end":4447.963},{"text":"for","start":4447.963,"end":4448.091},{"text":"the","start":4448.188,"end":4448.284},{"text":"ESA-proposed","start":4448.428,"end":4449.055},{"text":"Ramses","start":4449.231,"end":4449.617},{"text":"mission,","start":4449.729,"end":4450.179},{"text":"which","start":4450.692,"end":4450.917},{"text":"will","start":4450.933,"end":4451.19},{"text":"rendezvous","start":4451.319,"end":4451.768},{"text":"the","start":4451.961,"end":4452.202},{"text":"Apophis","start":4452.442,"end":4453.229},{"text":"asteroid,","start":4453.406,"end":4453.92},{"text":"offering","start":4454.369,"end":4454.755},{"text":"a","start":4454.851,"end":4454.931},{"text":"unique","start":4454.931,"end":4455.349},{"text":"opportunity","start":4455.349,"end":4456.039},{"text":"to","start":4456.376,"end":4456.473},{"text":"study","start":4456.473,"end":4456.842},{"text":"this","start":4456.874,"end":4457.115},{"text":"NEO","start":4457.115,"end":4457.372},{"text":"during","start":4457.372,"end":4457.885},{"text":"its","start":4458.142,"end":4458.271},{"text":"exceptionally","start":4458.464,"end":4459.331},{"text":"close","start":4459.363,"end":4459.668},{"text":"approach","start":4459.668,"end":4460.053},{"text":"to","start":4460.085,"end":4460.294},{"text":"Earth","start":4460.39,"end":4460.647},{"text":"in","start":4460.727,"end":4460.872},{"text":"April","start":4460.872,"end":4461.177},{"text":"2029.","start":4461.193,"end":4462.06}]},{"text":"Moreover, within the framework of the Alcor programme, the Italian Space Agency is funding ANIME, a nanosatellite mission concept aimed to explore 3 near-Earth asteroids belonging to the potentially hazardous population.","start":4462.959,"end":4477.557,"topics":[{"key":"neo-monitoring","label":"NEO Monitoring and Early Warning","description":"A major theme was the detection, tracking, characterization, and risk assessment of near-Earth objects using ground-based and space-based systems. Several statements highlighted early warning thresholds, impact probability updates, and the recent case of asteroid 2024 YR4."}],"words":[{"text":"Moreover,","start":4462.959,"end":4463.409},{"text":"within","start":4463.537,"end":4463.939},{"text":"the","start":4463.939,"end":4464.019},{"text":"framework","start":4464.019,"end":4464.581},{"text":"of","start":4464.581,"end":4464.709},{"text":"the","start":4464.725,"end":4464.886},{"text":"Alcor","start":4464.966,"end":4465.287},{"text":"programme,","start":4465.368,"end":4465.785},{"text":"the","start":4465.93,"end":4466.01},{"text":"Italian","start":4466.01,"end":4466.363},{"text":"Space","start":4466.363,"end":4466.732},{"text":"Agency","start":4466.732,"end":4467.198},{"text":"is","start":4467.31,"end":4467.407},{"text":"funding","start":4467.471,"end":4467.84},{"text":"ANIME,","start":4467.937,"end":4468.29},{"text":"a","start":4468.996,"end":4469.012},{"text":"nanosatellite","start":4469.012,"end":4469.976},{"text":"mission","start":4470.024,"end":4470.393},{"text":"concept","start":4470.49,"end":4471.116},{"text":"aimed","start":4471.148,"end":4471.485},{"text":"to","start":4471.501,"end":4471.63},{"text":"explore","start":4471.646,"end":4472.08},{"text":"3","start":4472.369,"end":4472.69},{"text":"near-Earth","start":4472.77,"end":4473.622},{"text":"asteroids","start":4473.798,"end":4474.425},{"text":"belonging","start":4474.842,"end":4475.308},{"text":"to","start":4475.42,"end":4475.565},{"text":"the","start":4475.565,"end":4475.661},{"text":"potentially","start":4475.661,"end":4476.288},{"text":"hazardous","start":4476.288,"end":4476.818},{"text":"population.","start":4476.946,"end":4477.557}]},{"text":"These asteroids are of significant interest for both planetary science and planetary defense.","start":4478.295,"end":4484.062,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"These","start":4478.295,"end":4478.44},{"text":"asteroids","start":4478.536,"end":4479.082},{"text":"are","start":4479.339,"end":4479.532},{"text":"of","start":4479.58,"end":4479.693},{"text":"significant","start":4479.693,"end":4480.56},{"text":"interest","start":4480.56,"end":4481.524},{"text":"for","start":4481.524,"end":4481.7},{"text":"both","start":4481.765,"end":4482.054},{"text":"planetary","start":4482.07,"end":4482.487},{"text":"science","start":4482.487,"end":4482.969},{"text":"and","start":4483.05,"end":4483.194},{"text":"planetary","start":4483.194,"end":4483.66},{"text":"defense.","start":4483.676,"end":4484.062}]},{"text":"National research centers and universities are involved in both physical and orbital characterization of NEOs.","start":4485.041,"end":4491.659,"topics":[{"key":"neo-monitoring","label":"NEO Monitoring and Early Warning","description":"A major theme was the detection, tracking, characterization, and risk assessment of near-Earth objects using ground-based and space-based systems. Several statements highlighted early warning thresholds, impact probability updates, and the recent case of asteroid 2024 YR4."}],"words":[{"text":"National","start":4485.041,"end":4485.459},{"text":"research","start":4485.459,"end":4485.78},{"text":"centers","start":4485.78,"end":4486.31},{"text":"and","start":4486.423,"end":4486.599},{"text":"universities","start":4486.599,"end":4487.354},{"text":"are","start":4487.531,"end":4487.611},{"text":"involved","start":4487.611,"end":4488.077},{"text":"in","start":4488.334,"end":4488.398},{"text":"both","start":4488.511,"end":4488.896},{"text":"physical","start":4488.896,"end":4489.362},{"text":"and","start":4489.458,"end":4489.603},{"text":"orbital","start":4489.779,"end":4490.165},{"text":"characterization","start":4490.197,"end":4491.209},{"text":"of","start":4491.257,"end":4491.402},{"text":"NEOs.","start":4491.402,"end":4491.659}]},{"text":"The Italian National Institute for Astrophysics is actively engaged in scientific observation and spectroscopic analysis of NEOs, improving our knowledge of the nature of these objects.","start":4492.606,"end":4504.964,"topics":[{"key":"neo-monitoring","label":"NEO Monitoring and Early Warning","description":"A major theme was the detection, tracking, characterization, and risk assessment of near-Earth objects using ground-based and space-based systems. Several statements highlighted early warning thresholds, impact probability updates, and the recent case of asteroid 2024 YR4."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":4492.606,"end":4492.654},{"text":"Italian","start":4492.687,"end":4493.152},{"text":"National","start":4493.152,"end":4493.522},{"text":"Institute","start":4493.586,"end":4494.116},{"text":"for","start":4494.116,"end":4494.293},{"text":"Astrophysics","start":4494.293,"end":4495.128},{"text":"is","start":4495.24,"end":4495.305},{"text":"actively","start":4495.481,"end":4495.947},{"text":"engaged","start":4496.124,"end":4496.59},{"text":"in","start":4496.926,"end":4497.007},{"text":"scientific","start":4497.007,"end":4497.52},{"text":"observation","start":4497.584,"end":4498.354},{"text":"and","start":4498.531,"end":4498.611},{"text":"spectroscopic","start":4498.691,"end":4499.606},{"text":"analysis","start":4499.894,"end":4500.472},{"text":"of","start":4500.472,"end":4500.632},{"text":"NEOs,","start":4500.632,"end":4500.969},{"text":"improving","start":4501.579,"end":4502.044},{"text":"our","start":4502.317,"end":4502.526},{"text":"knowledge","start":4502.638,"end":4503.087},{"text":"of","start":4503.344,"end":4503.408},{"text":"the","start":4503.44,"end":4503.52},{"text":"nature","start":4503.52,"end":4504.018},{"text":"of","start":4504.162,"end":4504.29},{"text":"these","start":4504.322,"end":4504.451},{"text":"objects.","start":4504.547,"end":4504.964}]},{"text":"The University of Pisa has significantly contributed to the development of theoretical models that refine essential tools for orbital calculations and impact probabilities.","start":4505.847,"end":4518.088,"topics":[{"key":"neo-monitoring","label":"NEO Monitoring and Early Warning","description":"A major theme was the detection, tracking, characterization, and risk assessment of near-Earth objects using ground-based and space-based systems. Several statements highlighted early warning thresholds, impact probability updates, and the recent case of asteroid 2024 YR4."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":4505.847,"end":4505.927},{"text":"University","start":4505.927,"end":4506.617},{"text":"of","start":4506.633,"end":4506.697},{"text":"Pisa","start":4506.809,"end":4507.13},{"text":"has","start":4507.13,"end":4507.74},{"text":"significantly","start":4508.012,"end":4508.799},{"text":"contributed","start":4508.799,"end":4509.505},{"text":"to","start":4509.697,"end":4509.857},{"text":"the","start":4509.857,"end":4509.938},{"text":"development","start":4509.938,"end":4510.724},{"text":"of","start":4510.724,"end":4510.788},{"text":"theoretical","start":4510.884,"end":4511.43},{"text":"models","start":4511.446,"end":4511.831},{"text":"that","start":4512.505,"end":4512.745},{"text":"refine","start":4512.745,"end":4513.82},{"text":"essential","start":4513.868,"end":4514.478},{"text":"tools","start":4514.494,"end":4514.799},{"text":"for","start":4514.831,"end":4515.023},{"text":"orbital","start":4515.296,"end":4515.761},{"text":"calculations","start":4515.778,"end":4516.403},{"text":"and","start":4516.58,"end":4516.885},{"text":"impact","start":4516.981,"end":4517.366},{"text":"probabilities.","start":4517.398,"end":4518.088}]},{"text":"These software have been recently selected for the establishment of the first Italian Space Agency NEO Center, planned to be completed by the end of 2025.","start":4519.002,"end":4529.886,"topics":[{"key":"neo-monitoring","label":"NEO Monitoring and Early Warning","description":"A major theme was the detection, tracking, characterization, and risk assessment of near-Earth objects using ground-based and space-based systems. Several statements highlighted early warning thresholds, impact probability updates, and the recent case of asteroid 2024 YR4."}],"words":[{"text":"These","start":4519.002,"end":4519.099},{"text":"software","start":4519.099,"end":4519.74},{"text":"have","start":4520.029,"end":4520.141},{"text":"been","start":4520.206,"end":4520.382},{"text":"recently","start":4520.51,"end":4521.088},{"text":"selected","start":4521.088,"end":4521.665},{"text":"for","start":4521.794,"end":4522.034},{"text":"the","start":4522.034,"end":4522.195},{"text":"establishment","start":4522.452,"end":4523.014},{"text":"of","start":4523.014,"end":4523.11},{"text":"the","start":4523.158,"end":4523.238},{"text":"first","start":4523.238,"end":4523.72},{"text":"Italian","start":4523.72,"end":4524.138},{"text":"Space","start":4524.138,"end":4524.443},{"text":"Agency","start":4524.443,"end":4524.876},{"text":"NEO","start":4524.876,"end":4525.181},{"text":"Center,","start":4525.181,"end":4525.775},{"text":"planned","start":4526.225,"end":4526.739},{"text":"to","start":4526.787,"end":4526.867},{"text":"be","start":4526.947,"end":4527.092},{"text":"completed","start":4527.092,"end":4527.718},{"text":"by","start":4527.75,"end":4527.911},{"text":"the","start":4527.911,"end":4528.071},{"text":"end","start":4528.216,"end":4528.505},{"text":"of","start":4528.553,"end":4528.682},{"text":"2025.","start":4528.714,"end":4529.886}]},{"text":"Madam Chair, honorable colleagues, the recent discovery of Asteroid 2024 YR4, with an impact probability with Earth of over 1% in the year 2032, underscored the critical need to continue investing planetary defense efforts.","start":4530.785,"end":4547.805,"topics":[{"key":"neo-monitoring","label":"NEO Monitoring and Early Warning","description":"A major theme was the detection, tracking, characterization, and risk assessment of near-Earth objects using ground-based and space-based systems. Several statements highlighted early warning thresholds, impact probability updates, and the recent case of asteroid 2024 YR4."}],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":4530.785,"end":4531.186},{"text":"Chair,","start":4531.186,"end":4531.524},{"text":"honorable","start":4531.989,"end":4532.567},{"text":"colleagues,","start":4532.567,"end":4533.017},{"text":"the","start":4533.37,"end":4533.466},{"text":"recent","start":4533.466,"end":4533.804},{"text":"discovery","start":4533.852,"end":4534.542},{"text":"of","start":4534.879,"end":4535.024},{"text":"Asteroid","start":4535.12,"end":4535.618},{"text":"2024","start":4535.618,"end":4536.887},{"text":"YR4,","start":4536.887,"end":4537.208},{"text":"with","start":4538.01,"end":4538.203},{"text":"an","start":4538.332,"end":4538.444},{"text":"impact","start":4538.444,"end":4538.91},{"text":"probability","start":4538.91,"end":4539.6},{"text":"with","start":4539.616,"end":4539.937},{"text":"Earth","start":4539.937,"end":4540.323},{"text":"of","start":4540.419,"end":4540.58},{"text":"over","start":4540.58,"end":4540.852},{"text":"1%","start":4540.917,"end":4541.029},{"text":"in","start":4541.174,"end":4541.607},{"text":"the","start":4541.8,"end":4542.025},{"text":"year","start":4542.025,"end":4542.153},{"text":"2032,","start":4542.346,"end":4543.052},{"text":"underscored","start":4543.791,"end":4544.273},{"text":"the","start":4544.273,"end":4544.369},{"text":"critical","start":4544.369,"end":4544.77},{"text":"need","start":4544.77,"end":4545.156},{"text":"to","start":4545.156,"end":4545.252},{"text":"continue","start":4545.252,"end":4545.814},{"text":"investing","start":4545.958,"end":4546.504},{"text":"planetary","start":4546.681,"end":4547.099},{"text":"defense","start":4547.163,"end":4547.644},{"text":"efforts.","start":4547.644,"end":4547.805}]},{"text":"This object serves as a reminder of potential threats posed by asteroids and highlights the importance of early detection, continuous monitoring, and impact risk assessment.","start":4548.704,"end":4560.987,"topics":[{"key":"neo-monitoring","label":"NEO Monitoring and Early Warning","description":"A major theme was the detection, tracking, characterization, and risk assessment of near-Earth objects using ground-based and space-based systems. Several statements highlighted early warning thresholds, impact probability updates, and the recent case of asteroid 2024 YR4."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":4548.704,"end":4548.929},{"text":"object","start":4548.929,"end":4549.475},{"text":"serves","start":4549.507,"end":4549.957},{"text":"as","start":4550.213,"end":4550.358},{"text":"a","start":4550.454,"end":4550.535},{"text":"reminder","start":4550.535,"end":4551.273},{"text":"of","start":4551.273,"end":4551.402},{"text":"potential","start":4551.434,"end":4552.012},{"text":"threats","start":4552.14,"end":4552.429},{"text":"posed","start":4552.959,"end":4553.264},{"text":"by","start":4553.345,"end":4553.537},{"text":"asteroids","start":4553.585,"end":4554.212},{"text":"and","start":4554.388,"end":4554.533},{"text":"highlights","start":4554.565,"end":4555.207},{"text":"the","start":4555.207,"end":4555.352},{"text":"importance","start":4555.432,"end":4556.01},{"text":"of","start":4556.01,"end":4556.154},{"text":"early","start":4556.154,"end":4556.716},{"text":"detection,","start":4556.716,"end":4557.343},{"text":"continuous","start":4557.455,"end":4558.033},{"text":"monitoring,","start":4558.097,"end":4558.627},{"text":"and","start":4558.884,"end":4558.98},{"text":"impact","start":4559.125,"end":4559.655},{"text":"risk","start":4559.799,"end":4560.104},{"text":"assessment.","start":4560.249,"end":4560.987}]},{"text":"To mitigate the risk, it's important to enhance observational capabilities, develop advanced mitigation strategies, and strengthen international cooperation.","start":4561.63,"end":4572.195,"topics":[{"key":"neo-monitoring","label":"NEO Monitoring and Early Warning","description":"A major theme was the detection, tracking, characterization, and risk assessment of near-Earth objects using ground-based and space-based systems. Several statements highlighted early warning thresholds, impact probability updates, and the recent case of asteroid 2024 YR4."},{"key":"planetary-defense-cooperation","label":"Planetary Defense Cooperation","description":"Many speakers stressed that asteroid threats require coordinated international action through mechanisms such as IAWN, SMPAG, UNOOSA, and joint exercises. The discussion focused on sharing observations, aligning response procedures, and building common preparedness against impact risks."},{"key":"asteroid-deflection","label":"Asteroid Deflection and Mitigation Missions","description":"Speakers discussed missions and technologies intended to understand or demonstrate how dangerous asteroids could be deflected. DART, Hera, and planned Apophis-related missions were presented as key steps in developing practical mitigation options."}],"words":[{"text":"To","start":4561.63,"end":4561.774},{"text":"mitigate","start":4561.774,"end":4562.336},{"text":"the","start":4562.336,"end":4562.417},{"text":"risk,","start":4562.417,"end":4562.834},{"text":"it's","start":4563.251,"end":4563.46},{"text":"important","start":4563.46,"end":4564.022},{"text":"to","start":4564.022,"end":4564.102},{"text":"enhance","start":4564.119,"end":4564.6},{"text":"observational","start":4564.6,"end":4565.387},{"text":"capabilities,","start":4565.403,"end":4566.093},{"text":"develop","start":4566.366,"end":4567.009},{"text":"advanced","start":4567.009,"end":4567.715},{"text":"mitigation","start":4567.715,"end":4568.245},{"text":"strategies,","start":4568.277,"end":4568.903},{"text":"and","start":4569.16,"end":4569.385},{"text":"strengthen","start":4569.417,"end":4570.011},{"text":"international","start":4570.22,"end":4571.472},{"text":"cooperation.","start":4571.505,"end":4572.195}]},{"text":"Thank you for your attention.","start":4572.629,"end":4573.223,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":4572.629,"end":4572.853},{"text":"you","start":4572.853,"end":4572.934},{"text":"for","start":4572.934,"end":4573.014},{"text":"your","start":4573.014,"end":4573.078},{"text":"attention.","start":4573.094,"end":4573.223}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you.","start":4573.271,"end":4573.367,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":4573.271,"end":4573.335},{"text":"you.","start":4573.335,"end":4573.367}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"ITA","affiliation_full":"Italy","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":23,"start":4575.275,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1a/k1ad4k1m9e?t=4576","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of Italy for her statement.","start":4575.275,"end":4578.401,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":4575.275,"end":4575.339},{"text":"thank","start":4575.339,"end":4575.515},{"text":"the","start":4575.515,"end":4575.596},{"text":"distinguished","start":4575.66,"end":4576.157},{"text":"representative","start":4576.157,"end":4576.798},{"text":"of","start":4576.798,"end":4576.926},{"text":"Italy","start":4577.022,"end":4577.279},{"text":"for","start":4577.279,"end":4577.487},{"text":"her","start":4577.6,"end":4577.696},{"text":"statement.","start":4577.696,"end":4578.401}]},{"text":"Next speaker on my list is the distinguished representative of the Republic of Korea.","start":4578.882,"end":4583.21,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next","start":4578.882,"end":4579.155},{"text":"speaker","start":4579.155,"end":4579.443},{"text":"on","start":4579.443,"end":4579.587},{"text":"my","start":4579.603,"end":4579.748},{"text":"list","start":4579.748,"end":4580.1},{"text":"is","start":4580.1,"end":4580.181},{"text":"the","start":4580.229,"end":4580.309},{"text":"distinguished","start":4580.325,"end":4580.87},{"text":"representative","start":4580.87,"end":4581.655},{"text":"of","start":4581.752,"end":4581.8},{"text":"the","start":4582.008,"end":4582.168},{"text":"Republic","start":4582.168,"end":4582.665},{"text":"of","start":4582.665,"end":4582.778},{"text":"Korea.","start":4582.81,"end":4583.21}]},{"text":"You have the floor.","start":4583.355,"end":4583.964,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"You","start":4583.355,"end":4583.451},{"text":"have","start":4583.451,"end":4583.659},{"text":"the","start":4583.675,"end":4583.772},{"text":"floor.","start":4583.772,"end":4583.964}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"COPUOS","affiliation_full":"COPUOS","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":24,"start":4584.717,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1a/k1ad4k1m9e?t=4585","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Madam Chair.","start":4584.717,"end":4585.711,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":4584.717,"end":4584.91},{"text":"you,","start":4584.958,"end":4585.038},{"text":"Madam","start":4585.054,"end":4585.295},{"text":"Chair.","start":4585.359,"end":4585.711}]},{"text":"Since 2008, 11 NEOs have been detected and tracked before their impacts on Earth.","start":4586.417,"end":4590.793,"topics":[{"key":"neo-monitoring","label":"NEO Monitoring and Early Warning","description":"A major theme was the detection, tracking, characterization, and risk assessment of near-Earth objects using ground-based and space-based systems. Several statements highlighted early warning thresholds, impact probability updates, and the recent case of asteroid 2024 YR4."}],"words":[{"text":"Since","start":4586.417,"end":4586.721},{"text":"2008,","start":4586.721,"end":4587.587},{"text":"11","start":4587.619,"end":4587.972},{"text":"NEOs","start":4588.02,"end":4588.34},{"text":"have","start":4588.34,"end":4588.437},{"text":"been","start":4588.485,"end":4588.645},{"text":"detected","start":4588.645,"end":4589.142},{"text":"and","start":4589.142,"end":4589.286},{"text":"tracked","start":4589.286,"end":4589.623},{"text":"before","start":4589.623,"end":4589.896},{"text":"their","start":4589.944,"end":4590.088},{"text":"impacts","start":4590.088,"end":4590.505},{"text":"on","start":4590.505,"end":4590.649},{"text":"Earth.","start":4590.649,"end":4590.793}]},{"text":"Fortunately, all were smaller than 5 meters and disintegrated into the atmosphere, posing no serious threat.","start":4591.531,"end":4596.885,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Fortunately,","start":4591.531,"end":4592.012},{"text":"all","start":4592.108,"end":4592.236},{"text":"were","start":4592.268,"end":4592.348},{"text":"smaller","start":4592.348,"end":4592.733},{"text":"than","start":4592.733,"end":4592.829},{"text":"5","start":4592.829,"end":4593.086},{"text":"meters","start":4593.134,"end":4593.519},{"text":"and","start":4593.711,"end":4593.775},{"text":"disintegrated","start":4593.791,"end":4594.673},{"text":"into","start":4594.673,"end":4594.897},{"text":"the","start":4594.897,"end":4594.993},{"text":"atmosphere,","start":4594.993,"end":4595.699},{"text":"posing","start":4595.715,"end":4596.003},{"text":"no","start":4596.035,"end":4596.132},{"text":"serious","start":4596.132,"end":4596.468},{"text":"threat.","start":4596.581,"end":4596.885}]},{"text":"4 of these impacts occurred last year in Germany, the Philippines, the Eastern Pacific, and Siberia.","start":4597.623,"end":4603.095,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"4","start":4597.623,"end":4597.751},{"text":"of","start":4597.783,"end":4597.863},{"text":"these","start":4597.863,"end":4598.007},{"text":"impacts","start":4598.12,"end":4598.472},{"text":"occurred","start":4598.52,"end":4598.825},{"text":"last","start":4598.841,"end":4599.162},{"text":"year","start":4599.13,"end":4599.419},{"text":"in","start":4599.563,"end":4599.643},{"text":"Germany,","start":4599.643,"end":4600.173},{"text":"the","start":4600.35,"end":4600.398},{"text":"Philippines,","start":4600.43,"end":4601.056},{"text":"the","start":4601.313,"end":4601.49},{"text":"Eastern","start":4601.49,"end":4601.795},{"text":"Pacific,","start":4601.795,"end":4602.357},{"text":"and","start":4602.373,"end":4602.517},{"text":"Siberia.","start":4602.517,"end":4603.095}]},{"text":"While none caused harm, these events underscore the importance of continuous observation, risk assessment, and mitigation efforts.","start":4603.818,"end":4610.594,"topics":[{"key":"neo-monitoring","label":"NEO Monitoring and Early Warning","description":"A major theme was the detection, tracking, characterization, and risk assessment of near-Earth objects using ground-based and space-based systems. Several statements highlighted early warning thresholds, impact probability updates, and the recent case of asteroid 2024 YR4."},{"key":"asteroid-deflection","label":"Asteroid Deflection and Mitigation Missions","description":"Speakers discussed missions and technologies intended to understand or demonstrate how dangerous asteroids could be deflected. DART, Hera, and planned Apophis-related missions were presented as key steps in developing practical mitigation options."}],"words":[{"text":"While","start":4603.818,"end":4603.979},{"text":"none","start":4603.979,"end":4604.187},{"text":"caused","start":4604.203,"end":4604.508},{"text":"harm,","start":4604.525,"end":4604.862},{"text":"these","start":4604.926,"end":4605.07},{"text":"events","start":4605.119,"end":4605.504},{"text":"underscore","start":4605.504,"end":4606.066},{"text":"the","start":4606.066,"end":4606.227},{"text":"importance","start":4606.227,"end":4606.869},{"text":"of","start":4606.869,"end":4606.933},{"text":"continuous","start":4606.949,"end":4607.415},{"text":"observation,","start":4607.415,"end":4608.041},{"text":"risk","start":4608.474,"end":4608.715},{"text":"assessment,","start":4608.715,"end":4609.358},{"text":"and","start":4609.422,"end":4609.502},{"text":"mitigation","start":4609.518,"end":4610.032},{"text":"efforts.","start":4610.064,"end":4610.594}]},{"text":"Recognizing the importance, the Republic of Korea actively collaborates with the International Asteroid Warning Network, ION, and the Space Mission Planning Advisory Group, Samepage, to contribute to related global initiatives.","start":4611.525,"end":4623.263,"topics":[{"key":"planetary-defense-cooperation","label":"Planetary Defense Cooperation","description":"Many speakers stressed that asteroid threats require coordinated international action through mechanisms such as IAWN, SMPAG, UNOOSA, and joint exercises. The discussion focused on sharing observations, aligning response procedures, and building common preparedness against impact risks."}],"words":[{"text":"Recognizing","start":4611.525,"end":4612.135},{"text":"the","start":4612.167,"end":4612.248},{"text":"importance,","start":4612.248,"end":4612.826},{"text":"the","start":4612.954,"end":4613.035},{"text":"Republic","start":4613.035,"end":4613.468},{"text":"of","start":4613.468,"end":4613.58},{"text":"Korea","start":4613.613,"end":4614.062},{"text":"actively","start":4614.078,"end":4614.383},{"text":"collaborates","start":4614.399,"end":4615.074},{"text":"with","start":4615.138,"end":4615.218},{"text":"the","start":4615.218,"end":4615.282},{"text":"International","start":4615.282,"end":4615.844},{"text":"Asteroid","start":4615.844,"end":4616.246},{"text":"Warning","start":4616.246,"end":4616.471},{"text":"Network,","start":4616.503,"end":4616.984},{"text":"ION,","start":4617.129,"end":4617.514},{"text":"and","start":4618.028,"end":4618.092},{"text":"the","start":4618.189,"end":4618.269},{"text":"Space","start":4618.269,"end":4618.59},{"text":"Mission","start":4618.59,"end":4618.895},{"text":"Planning","start":4618.895,"end":4619.281},{"text":"Advisory","start":4619.329,"end":4619.762},{"text":"Group,","start":4619.794,"end":4620.019},{"text":"Samepage,","start":4620.035,"end":4620.565},{"text":"to","start":4620.838,"end":4621.079},{"text":"contribute","start":4621.079,"end":4621.657},{"text":"to","start":4621.705,"end":4621.898},{"text":"related","start":4621.898,"end":4622.363},{"text":"global","start":4622.363,"end":4622.636},{"text":"initiatives.","start":4622.668,"end":4623.263}]},{"text":"In this regard, we welcome the UN General Assembly's declaration of 2029 as the International Year of Asteroid Awareness and Planetary Defense.","start":4624.692,"end":4632.191,"topics":[{"key":"asteroid-awareness","label":"Asteroid Awareness","description":"Delegations repeatedly welcomed the designation of 2029 as the International Year of Asteroid Awareness and Planetary Defense. This topic centered on public education, outreach, scientific engagement, and using the close approach of Apophis to raise global awareness."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":4624.692,"end":4624.74},{"text":"this","start":4624.772,"end":4624.9},{"text":"regard,","start":4624.996,"end":4625.397},{"text":"we","start":4625.413,"end":4625.557},{"text":"welcome","start":4625.557,"end":4625.893},{"text":"the","start":4625.893,"end":4625.974},{"text":"UN","start":4626.038,"end":4626.246},{"text":"General","start":4626.358,"end":4626.615},{"text":"Assembly's","start":4626.615,"end":4627.095},{"text":"declaration","start":4627.095,"end":4627.816},{"text":"of","start":4627.816,"end":4627.945},{"text":"2029","start":4627.977,"end":4628.906},{"text":"as","start":4629.163,"end":4629.227},{"text":"the","start":4629.259,"end":4629.323},{"text":"International","start":4629.323,"end":4629.884},{"text":"Year","start":4629.884,"end":4630.076},{"text":"of","start":4630.076,"end":4630.204},{"text":"Asteroid","start":4630.204,"end":4630.573},{"text":"Awareness","start":4630.621,"end":4631.005},{"text":"and","start":4631.182,"end":4631.326},{"text":"Planetary","start":4631.326,"end":4631.791},{"text":"Defense.","start":4631.823,"end":4632.191}]},{"text":"This milestone coincides with the close approach of the asteroid Apophis, which will pass between the Earth and the geostationary orbit in April 2029.","start":4633.201,"end":4641.085,"topics":[{"key":"asteroid-awareness","label":"Asteroid Awareness","description":"Delegations repeatedly welcomed the designation of 2029 as the International Year of Asteroid Awareness and Planetary Defense. This topic centered on public education, outreach, scientific engagement, and using the close approach of Apophis to raise global awareness."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":4633.201,"end":4633.313},{"text":"milestone","start":4633.409,"end":4633.874},{"text":"coincides","start":4633.906,"end":4634.435},{"text":"with","start":4634.467,"end":4634.579},{"text":"the","start":4634.611,"end":4634.691},{"text":"close","start":4634.771,"end":4635.028},{"text":"approach","start":4635.028,"end":4635.38},{"text":"of","start":4635.428,"end":4635.541},{"text":"the","start":4635.573,"end":4635.637},{"text":"asteroid","start":4635.653,"end":4636.085},{"text":"Apophis,","start":4636.085,"end":4636.518},{"text":"which","start":4636.951,"end":4637.031},{"text":"will","start":4637.031,"end":4637.239},{"text":"pass","start":4637.255,"end":4637.512},{"text":"between","start":4637.512,"end":4637.896},{"text":"the","start":4637.896,"end":4637.976},{"text":"Earth","start":4638.056,"end":4638.281},{"text":"and","start":4638.393,"end":4638.457},{"text":"the","start":4638.473,"end":4638.553},{"text":"geostationary","start":4638.553,"end":4639.242},{"text":"orbit","start":4639.419,"end":4639.835},{"text":"in","start":4639.835,"end":4639.883},{"text":"April","start":4639.979,"end":4640.236},{"text":"2029.","start":4640.236,"end":4641.085}]},{"text":"While Apophis poses no immediate threat, its passage presents an invaluable opportunity to enhance global awareness of space hazards and to advance planetary defense technologies.","start":4642.159,"end":4651.584,"topics":[{"key":"asteroid-awareness","label":"Asteroid Awareness","description":"Delegations repeatedly welcomed the designation of 2029 as the International Year of Asteroid Awareness and Planetary Defense. This topic centered on public education, outreach, scientific engagement, and using the close approach of Apophis to raise global awareness."},{"key":"asteroid-deflection","label":"Asteroid Deflection and Mitigation Missions","description":"Speakers discussed missions and technologies intended to understand or demonstrate how dangerous asteroids could be deflected. DART, Hera, and planned Apophis-related missions were presented as key steps in developing practical mitigation options."}],"words":[{"text":"While","start":4642.159,"end":4642.335},{"text":"Apophis","start":4642.335,"end":4642.736},{"text":"poses","start":4642.8,"end":4643.12},{"text":"no","start":4643.184,"end":4643.313},{"text":"immediate","start":4643.361,"end":4643.761},{"text":"threat,","start":4643.761,"end":4644.098},{"text":"its","start":4644.547,"end":4644.659},{"text":"passage","start":4644.723,"end":4645.043},{"text":"presents","start":4645.059,"end":4645.46},{"text":"an","start":4645.46,"end":4645.588},{"text":"invaluable","start":4645.588,"end":4646.085},{"text":"opportunity","start":4646.085,"end":4646.774},{"text":"to","start":4646.806,"end":4647.014},{"text":"enhance","start":4647.031,"end":4647.367},{"text":"global","start":4647.367,"end":4647.655},{"text":"awareness","start":4647.688,"end":4648.264},{"text":"of","start":4648.264,"end":4648.329},{"text":"space","start":4648.345,"end":4648.601},{"text":"hazards","start":4648.713,"end":4649.098},{"text":"and","start":4649.595,"end":4649.675},{"text":"to","start":4649.675,"end":4649.771},{"text":"advance","start":4649.771,"end":4650.444},{"text":"planetary","start":4650.22,"end":4650.621},{"text":"defense","start":4650.653,"end":4650.974},{"text":"technologies.","start":4650.974,"end":4651.584}]},{"text":"Several space missions are being planned to study Apophis during this close encounter, including NASA's OSIRIS-APEX and ESA's RAMSES.","start":4653.078,"end":4660.415,"topics":[{"key":"asteroid-deflection","label":"Asteroid Deflection and Mitigation Missions","description":"Speakers discussed missions and technologies intended to understand or demonstrate how dangerous asteroids could be deflected. DART, Hera, and planned Apophis-related missions were presented as key steps in developing practical mitigation options."}],"words":[{"text":"Several","start":4653.078,"end":4653.399},{"text":"space","start":4653.399,"end":4653.656},{"text":"missions","start":4653.768,"end":4654.073},{"text":"are","start":4654.169,"end":4654.202},{"text":"being","start":4654.202,"end":4654.394},{"text":"planned","start":4654.426,"end":4654.667},{"text":"to","start":4654.667,"end":4654.747},{"text":"study","start":4654.747,"end":4655.117},{"text":"Apophis","start":4655.133,"end":4655.518},{"text":"during","start":4655.695,"end":4655.92},{"text":"this","start":4655.952,"end":4656.064},{"text":"close","start":4656.417,"end":4656.755},{"text":"encounter,","start":4656.755,"end":4657.172},{"text":"including","start":4657.236,"end":4657.686},{"text":"NASA's","start":4657.782,"end":4658.135},{"text":"OSIRIS-APEX","start":4658.135,"end":4659.035},{"text":"and","start":4659.484,"end":4659.597},{"text":"ESA's","start":4659.709,"end":4659.966},{"text":"RAMSES.","start":4659.966,"end":4660.415}]},{"text":"And recently, Korean scientists discovered that Apophis' surface material exhibits heterogeneity.","start":4661.01,"end":4665.602,"topics":[{"key":"asteroid-deflection","label":"Asteroid Deflection and Mitigation Missions","description":"Speakers discussed missions and technologies intended to understand or demonstrate how dangerous asteroids could be deflected. DART, Hera, and planned Apophis-related missions were presented as key steps in developing practical mitigation options."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":4661.01,"end":4661.074},{"text":"recently,","start":4661.09,"end":4661.475},{"text":"Korean","start":4661.555,"end":4661.812},{"text":"scientists","start":4661.812,"end":4662.358},{"text":"discovered","start":4662.358,"end":4662.776},{"text":"that","start":4662.776,"end":4662.84},{"text":"Apophis'","start":4662.84,"end":4663.225},{"text":"surface","start":4663.257,"end":4663.707},{"text":"material","start":4664.044,"end":4664.446},{"text":"exhibits","start":4664.446,"end":4664.847},{"text":"heterogeneity.","start":4664.847,"end":4665.602}]},{"text":"Through visible and near-infrared spectra observations conducted using a number of ground-based astronomical facilities, including NASA's Infrared Telescope Facility They identified spectral variations that suggest compositional differences between Apophis' hemispheres.","start":4667.095,"end":4681.599,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Through","start":4667.095,"end":4667.256},{"text":"visible","start":4667.256,"end":4667.673},{"text":"and","start":4667.673,"end":4667.834},{"text":"near-infrared","start":4667.834,"end":4668.476},{"text":"spectra","start":4668.476,"end":4668.909},{"text":"observations","start":4669.182,"end":4669.776},{"text":"conducted","start":4669.841,"end":4670.338},{"text":"using","start":4670.338,"end":4670.644},{"text":"a","start":4670.644,"end":4670.708},{"text":"number","start":4670.708,"end":4671.029},{"text":"of","start":4671.029,"end":4671.109},{"text":"ground-based","start":4671.109,"end":4671.575},{"text":"astronomical","start":4671.703,"end":4672.297},{"text":"facilities,","start":4672.313,"end":4672.94},{"text":"including","start":4673.277,"end":4673.63},{"text":"NASA's","start":4673.678,"end":4673.967},{"text":"Infrared","start":4674.096,"end":4674.433},{"text":"Telescope","start":4674.433,"end":4674.995},{"text":"Facility","start":4674.995,"end":4675.589},{"text":"They","start":4676.022,"end":4676.102},{"text":"identified","start":4676.166,"end":4676.743},{"text":"spectral","start":4676.743,"end":4677.352},{"text":"variations","start":4677.464,"end":4678.233},{"text":"that","start":4678.586,"end":4678.682},{"text":"suggest","start":4678.682,"end":4679.067},{"text":"compositional","start":4679.067,"end":4679.611},{"text":"differences","start":4679.692,"end":4680.156},{"text":"between","start":4680.269,"end":4680.605},{"text":"Apophis'","start":4680.605,"end":4680.958},{"text":"hemispheres.","start":4681.054,"end":4681.599}]},{"text":"We expect that these findings will be further validated by upcoming space missions such as OSIRIS-APEX and Ramses.","start":4682.512,"end":4688.409,"topics":[{"key":"asteroid-deflection","label":"Asteroid Deflection and Mitigation Missions","description":"Speakers discussed missions and technologies intended to understand or demonstrate how dangerous asteroids could be deflected. DART, Hera, and planned Apophis-related missions were presented as key steps in developing practical mitigation options."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4682.512,"end":4682.576},{"text":"expect","start":4682.576,"end":4682.913},{"text":"that","start":4682.913,"end":4683.073},{"text":"these","start":4683.073,"end":4683.201},{"text":"findings","start":4683.297,"end":4683.682},{"text":"will","start":4683.714,"end":4683.858},{"text":"be","start":4683.858,"end":4683.954},{"text":"further","start":4683.954,"end":4684.275},{"text":"validated","start":4684.275,"end":4684.996},{"text":"by","start":4684.996,"end":4685.14},{"text":"upcoming","start":4685.22,"end":4685.509},{"text":"space","start":4685.541,"end":4685.749},{"text":"missions","start":4685.877,"end":4686.23},{"text":"such","start":4686.23,"end":4686.502},{"text":"as","start":4686.502,"end":4686.566},{"text":"OSIRIS-APEX","start":4686.614,"end":4687.864},{"text":"and","start":4687.944,"end":4688.009},{"text":"Ramses.","start":4688.105,"end":4688.409}]},{"text":"Madam Chair, I would like to conclude by saying that the Republic of Korea remains committed to strengthening global efforts in NEO observation and planetary defense.","start":4689.803,"end":4697.463,"topics":[{"key":"neo-monitoring","label":"NEO Monitoring and Early Warning","description":"A major theme was the detection, tracking, characterization, and risk assessment of near-Earth objects using ground-based and space-based systems. Several statements highlighted early warning thresholds, impact probability updates, and the recent case of asteroid 2024 YR4."},{"key":"planetary-defense-cooperation","label":"Planetary Defense Cooperation","description":"Many speakers stressed that asteroid threats require coordinated international action through mechanisms such as IAWN, SMPAG, UNOOSA, and joint exercises. The discussion focused on sharing observations, aligning response procedures, and building common preparedness against impact risks."}],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":4689.803,"end":4690.012},{"text":"Chair,","start":4690.044,"end":4690.38},{"text":"I","start":4690.508,"end":4690.524},{"text":"would","start":4690.589,"end":4690.685},{"text":"like","start":4690.685,"end":4690.861},{"text":"to","start":4690.861,"end":4691.005},{"text":"conclude","start":4691.005,"end":4691.486},{"text":"by","start":4691.486,"end":4691.646},{"text":"saying","start":4691.646,"end":4691.935},{"text":"that","start":4691.983,"end":4692.111},{"text":"the","start":4692.111,"end":4692.191},{"text":"Republic","start":4692.191,"end":4692.608},{"text":"of","start":4692.624,"end":4692.704},{"text":"Korea","start":4692.752,"end":4693.072},{"text":"remains","start":4693.072,"end":4693.377},{"text":"committed","start":4693.473,"end":4693.874},{"text":"to","start":4693.874,"end":4693.97},{"text":"strengthening","start":4693.97,"end":4694.418},{"text":"global","start":4694.515,"end":4694.787},{"text":"efforts","start":4694.835,"end":4695.172},{"text":"in","start":4695.172,"end":4695.22},{"text":"NEO","start":4695.332,"end":4695.54},{"text":"observation","start":4695.556,"end":4696.181},{"text":"and","start":4696.534,"end":4696.598},{"text":"planetary","start":4696.678,"end":4697.03},{"text":"defense.","start":4697.095,"end":4697.463}]},{"text":"By collaborating with ION, Samepage, and other member States, we aim to contribute to advance collective capacity to safeguard our planet from potential hazards and threats.","start":4698.296,"end":4707.577,"topics":[{"key":"planetary-defense-cooperation","label":"Planetary Defense Cooperation","description":"Many speakers stressed that asteroid threats require coordinated international action through mechanisms such as IAWN, SMPAG, UNOOSA, and joint exercises. The discussion focused on sharing observations, aligning response procedures, and building common preparedness against impact risks."}],"words":[{"text":"By","start":4698.296,"end":4698.537},{"text":"collaborating","start":4698.537,"end":4699.226},{"text":"with","start":4699.338,"end":4699.659},{"text":"ION,","start":4699.723,"end":4700.027},{"text":"Samepage,","start":4700.219,"end":4700.828},{"text":"and","start":4701.005,"end":4701.101},{"text":"other","start":4701.101,"end":4701.229},{"text":"member","start":4701.261,"end":4701.566},{"text":"States,","start":4701.64,"end":4701.849},{"text":"we","start":4702.235,"end":4702.38},{"text":"aim","start":4702.38,"end":4702.428},{"text":"to","start":4702.476,"end":4702.605},{"text":"contribute","start":4702.621,"end":4703.12},{"text":"to","start":4703.12,"end":4703.2},{"text":"advance","start":4703.2,"end":4703.602},{"text":"collective","start":4703.602,"end":4704.005},{"text":"capacity","start":4704.005,"end":4704.536},{"text":"to","start":4704.89,"end":4705.018},{"text":"safeguard","start":4705.035,"end":4705.485},{"text":"our","start":4705.485,"end":4705.582},{"text":"planet","start":4705.598,"end":4706},{"text":"from","start":4706,"end":4706.177},{"text":"potential","start":4706.177,"end":4706.595},{"text":"hazards","start":4706.644,"end":4706.869},{"text":"and","start":4706.981,"end":4707.126},{"text":"threats.","start":4707.126,"end":4707.577}]},{"text":"Thank you.","start":4707.786,"end":4708.124,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":4707.786,"end":4708.011},{"text":"you.","start":4708.011,"end":4708.124}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"KOR","affiliation_full":"Republic of Korea","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":25,"start":4710.199,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1a/k1ad4k1m9e?t=4711","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of the Republic of Korea for the statement.","start":4710.199,"end":4714.256,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":4710.199,"end":4710.216},{"text":"thank","start":4710.28,"end":4710.441},{"text":"the","start":4710.505,"end":4710.57},{"text":"distinguished","start":4710.57,"end":4711.329},{"text":"representative","start":4711.394,"end":4712.073},{"text":"of","start":4712.073,"end":4712.186},{"text":"the","start":4712.219,"end":4712.38},{"text":"Republic","start":4712.38,"end":4712.865},{"text":"of","start":4712.865,"end":4712.995},{"text":"Korea","start":4713.011,"end":4713.35},{"text":"for","start":4713.35,"end":4713.576},{"text":"the","start":4713.576,"end":4713.674},{"text":"statement.","start":4713.674,"end":4714.256}]},{"text":"Next speaker on my list is the distinguished representative of the United Kingdom, Great Britain, and Northern Ireland.","start":4714.724,"end":4720.108,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next","start":4714.724,"end":4714.999},{"text":"speaker","start":4714.999,"end":4715.29},{"text":"on","start":4715.29,"end":4715.339},{"text":"my","start":4715.452,"end":4715.597},{"text":"list","start":4715.597,"end":4715.872},{"text":"is","start":4715.872,"end":4715.985},{"text":"the","start":4716.001,"end":4716.099},{"text":"distinguished","start":4716.099,"end":4716.648},{"text":"representative","start":4716.648,"end":4717.311},{"text":"of","start":4717.311,"end":4717.44},{"text":"the","start":4717.473,"end":4717.537},{"text":"United","start":4717.537,"end":4717.958},{"text":"Kingdom,","start":4717.958,"end":4718.313},{"text":"Great","start":4718.75,"end":4719.009},{"text":"Britain,","start":4719.009,"end":4719.283},{"text":"and","start":4719.332,"end":4719.461},{"text":"Northern","start":4719.494,"end":4719.785},{"text":"Ireland.","start":4719.882,"end":4720.108}]},{"text":"You have the floor.","start":4720.27,"end":4720.874,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"You","start":4720.27,"end":4720.303},{"text":"have","start":4720.303,"end":4720.471},{"text":"the","start":4720.471,"end":4720.555},{"text":"floor.","start":4720.555,"end":4720.874}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"COPUOS","affiliation_full":"COPUOS","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":26,"start":4723.686,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1a/k1ad4k1m9e?t=4724","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Chair, distinguished delegates, the delegation of the United Kingdom is pleased to inform this body that the UK Space Agency, through the UK National Space Operations Centre, NSOC, has become a member of the International Asteroid Warning Network, IAWN.","start":4723.686,"end":4737.928,"topics":[{"key":"planetary-defense-cooperation","label":"Planetary Defense Cooperation","description":"Many speakers stressed that asteroid threats require coordinated international action through mechanisms such as IAWN, SMPAG, UNOOSA, and joint exercises. The discussion focused on sharing observations, aligning response procedures, and building common preparedness against impact risks."}],"words":[{"text":"Chair,","start":4723.686,"end":4724.096},{"text":"distinguished","start":4724.178,"end":4724.587},{"text":"delegates,","start":4724.587,"end":4725.03},{"text":"the","start":4725.636,"end":4725.718},{"text":"delegation","start":4725.734,"end":4726.439},{"text":"of","start":4726.471,"end":4726.57},{"text":"the","start":4726.57,"end":4726.619},{"text":"United","start":4726.619,"end":4726.963},{"text":"Kingdom","start":4726.963,"end":4727.307},{"text":"is","start":4727.307,"end":4727.422},{"text":"pleased","start":4727.52,"end":4727.7},{"text":"to","start":4727.7,"end":4727.979},{"text":"inform","start":4727.77,"end":4728.122},{"text":"this","start":4728.122,"end":4728.266},{"text":"body","start":4728.282,"end":4728.571},{"text":"that","start":4728.763,"end":4728.859},{"text":"the","start":4728.859,"end":4728.987},{"text":"UK","start":4728.987,"end":4729.244},{"text":"Space","start":4729.244,"end":4729.644},{"text":"Agency,","start":4729.644,"end":4730.093},{"text":"through","start":4730.509,"end":4730.798},{"text":"the","start":4730.99,"end":4731.07},{"text":"UK","start":4731.311,"end":4731.583},{"text":"National","start":4731.583,"end":4731.984},{"text":"Space","start":4731.984,"end":4732.176},{"text":"Operations","start":4732.288,"end":4732.753},{"text":"Centre,","start":4732.753,"end":4733.089},{"text":"NSOC,","start":4733.474,"end":4733.97},{"text":"has","start":4734.435,"end":4734.499},{"text":"become","start":4734.531,"end":4734.74},{"text":"a","start":4734.772,"end":4734.788},{"text":"member","start":4734.788,"end":4735.236},{"text":"of","start":4735.397,"end":4735.477},{"text":"the","start":4735.477,"end":4735.573},{"text":"International","start":4735.573,"end":4736.294},{"text":"Asteroid","start":4736.294,"end":4736.63},{"text":"Warning","start":4736.678,"end":4736.887},{"text":"Network,","start":4736.935,"end":4737.271},{"text":"IAWN.","start":4737.576,"end":4737.928}]},{"text":"Membership to the IAWN is a demonstration of the UK's commitment to planetary defense activities in the lead-up to the International Year of Asteroid Awareness and Planetary Defense in 2029 and beyond.","start":4738.841,"end":4750.634,"topics":[{"key":"asteroid-awareness","label":"Asteroid Awareness","description":"Delegations repeatedly welcomed the designation of 2029 as the International Year of Asteroid Awareness and Planetary Defense. This topic centered on public education, outreach, scientific engagement, and using the close approach of Apophis to raise global awareness."},{"key":"planetary-defense-cooperation","label":"Planetary Defense Cooperation","description":"Many speakers stressed that asteroid threats require coordinated international action through mechanisms such as IAWN, SMPAG, UNOOSA, and joint exercises. The discussion focused on sharing observations, aligning response procedures, and building common preparedness against impact risks."}],"words":[{"text":"Membership","start":4738.841,"end":4739.37},{"text":"to","start":4739.402,"end":4739.498},{"text":"the","start":4739.498,"end":4739.643},{"text":"IAWN","start":4739.723,"end":4740.027},{"text":"is","start":4740.444,"end":4740.476},{"text":"a","start":4740.476,"end":4740.54},{"text":"demonstration","start":4740.54,"end":4741.325},{"text":"of","start":4741.325,"end":4741.421},{"text":"the","start":4741.421,"end":4741.485},{"text":"UK's","start":4741.501,"end":4741.982},{"text":"commitment","start":4741.982,"end":4742.447},{"text":"to","start":4742.447,"end":4742.527},{"text":"planetary","start":4742.527,"end":4743.024},{"text":"defense","start":4743.024,"end":4743.344},{"text":"activities","start":4743.344,"end":4743.953},{"text":"in","start":4744.626,"end":4744.674},{"text":"the","start":4744.706,"end":4744.802},{"text":"lead-up","start":4744.85,"end":4745.251},{"text":"to","start":4745.267,"end":4745.363},{"text":"the","start":4745.363,"end":4745.507},{"text":"International","start":4745.507,"end":4746.052},{"text":"Year","start":4746.052,"end":4746.468},{"text":"of","start":4746.468,"end":4746.533},{"text":"Asteroid","start":4746.613,"end":4746.949},{"text":"Awareness","start":4746.949,"end":4747.318},{"text":"and","start":4747.59,"end":4747.654},{"text":"Planetary","start":4747.67,"end":4748.151},{"text":"Defense","start":4748.151,"end":4748.632},{"text":"in","start":4748.792,"end":4748.84},{"text":"2029","start":4748.872,"end":4749.641},{"text":"and","start":4750.074,"end":4750.138},{"text":"beyond.","start":4750.234,"end":4750.634}]},{"text":"As a co-sponsor of the International Year of Asteroid Awareness and Planetary events resolution passed in 2024, the United Kingdom welcomes the opportunity to raise global understanding of the threat that asteroids and comets may pose to the Earth in the future and how we might protect our planet from these near-Earth objects.","start":4751.836,"end":4769.436,"topics":[{"key":"asteroid-awareness","label":"Asteroid Awareness","description":"Delegations repeatedly welcomed the designation of 2029 as the International Year of Asteroid Awareness and Planetary Defense. This topic centered on public education, outreach, scientific engagement, and using the close approach of Apophis to raise global awareness."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":4751.836,"end":4751.884},{"text":"a","start":4751.932,"end":4751.996},{"text":"co-sponsor","start":4751.996,"end":4752.685},{"text":"of","start":4752.878,"end":4752.958},{"text":"the","start":4752.958,"end":4753.038},{"text":"International","start":4753.038,"end":4753.583},{"text":"Year","start":4753.583,"end":4753.743},{"text":"of","start":4753.743,"end":4753.839},{"text":"Asteroid","start":4753.839,"end":4754.24},{"text":"Awareness","start":4754.24,"end":4754.608},{"text":"and","start":4754.801,"end":4754.881},{"text":"Planetary","start":4754.881,"end":4755.506},{"text":"events","start":4755.49,"end":4755.843},{"text":"resolution","start":4755.843,"end":4756.293},{"text":"passed","start":4756.566,"end":4756.775},{"text":"in","start":4756.871,"end":4756.92},{"text":"2024,","start":4756.968,"end":4757.787},{"text":"the","start":4758.494,"end":4758.542},{"text":"United","start":4758.542,"end":4758.896},{"text":"Kingdom","start":4758.896,"end":4759.297},{"text":"welcomes","start":4759.297,"end":4759.683},{"text":"the","start":4759.683,"end":4759.78},{"text":"opportunity","start":4759.78,"end":4760.39},{"text":"to","start":4760.422,"end":4760.567},{"text":"raise","start":4760.583,"end":4760.872},{"text":"global","start":4761.129,"end":4761.483},{"text":"understanding","start":4761.627,"end":4762.238},{"text":"of","start":4762.431,"end":4762.527},{"text":"the","start":4762.527,"end":4762.656},{"text":"threat","start":4762.656,"end":4762.913},{"text":"that","start":4762.913,"end":4763.138},{"text":"asteroids","start":4763.138,"end":4763.588},{"text":"and","start":4763.636,"end":4763.7},{"text":"comets","start":4763.78,"end":4764.053},{"text":"may","start":4764.118,"end":4764.343},{"text":"pose","start":4764.343,"end":4764.568},{"text":"to","start":4764.6,"end":4764.664},{"text":"the","start":4764.664,"end":4764.825},{"text":"Earth","start":4764.905,"end":4765.05},{"text":"in","start":4765.323,"end":4765.371},{"text":"the","start":4765.403,"end":4765.483},{"text":"future","start":4765.483,"end":4765.933},{"text":"and","start":4766.528,"end":4766.592},{"text":"how","start":4766.672,"end":4766.785},{"text":"we","start":4766.785,"end":4766.849},{"text":"might","start":4766.93,"end":4767.09},{"text":"protect","start":4767.09,"end":4767.476},{"text":"our","start":4767.476,"end":4767.572},{"text":"planet","start":4767.572,"end":4767.861},{"text":"from","start":4767.958,"end":4768.102},{"text":"these","start":4768.215,"end":4768.343},{"text":"near-Earth","start":4768.44,"end":4768.858},{"text":"objects.","start":4768.858,"end":4769.436}]},{"text":"The UK Space Agency, through the UK NSPOC, is responsible for the receipt and redistribution of potential near-Earth object impact event notifications on behalf of the UK government The NSPOC has made its global optical space surveillance and tracking network available for the follow-up observations of near-Earth objects which could potentially impact the Earth.","start":4770.529,"end":4791.615,"topics":[{"key":"neo-monitoring","label":"NEO Monitoring and Early Warning","description":"A major theme was the detection, tracking, characterization, and risk assessment of near-Earth objects using ground-based and space-based systems. Several statements highlighted early warning thresholds, impact probability updates, and the recent case of asteroid 2024 YR4."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":4770.529,"end":4770.625},{"text":"UK","start":4770.625,"end":4770.866},{"text":"Space","start":4770.882,"end":4771.252},{"text":"Agency,","start":4771.252,"end":4771.637},{"text":"through","start":4771.894,"end":4772.087},{"text":"the","start":4772.087,"end":4772.216},{"text":"UK","start":4772.232,"end":4772.553},{"text":"NSPOC,","start":4772.634,"end":4773.067},{"text":"is","start":4773.581,"end":4773.646},{"text":"responsible","start":4773.662,"end":4774.288},{"text":"for","start":4774.385,"end":4774.481},{"text":"the","start":4774.481,"end":4774.562},{"text":"receipt","start":4774.562,"end":4775.044},{"text":"and","start":4775.044,"end":4775.156},{"text":"redistribution","start":4775.204,"end":4775.976},{"text":"of","start":4776.088,"end":4776.217},{"text":"potential","start":4776.249,"end":4776.827},{"text":"near-Earth","start":4777.052,"end":4777.502},{"text":"object","start":4777.598,"end":4778.016},{"text":"impact","start":4778.016,"end":4778.53},{"text":"event","start":4778.578,"end":4778.916},{"text":"notifications","start":4778.916,"end":4779.671},{"text":"on","start":4780.249,"end":4780.33},{"text":"behalf","start":4780.346,"end":4780.844},{"text":"of","start":4780.844,"end":4780.973},{"text":"the","start":4780.973,"end":4781.053},{"text":"UK","start":4781.053,"end":4781.31},{"text":"government","start":4781.39,"end":4783.527},{"text":"The","start":4782.577,"end":4782.657},{"text":"NSPOC","start":4782.737,"end":4783.25},{"text":"has","start":4783.314,"end":4783.442},{"text":"made","start":4783.474,"end":4783.699},{"text":"its","start":4783.699,"end":4783.795},{"text":"global","start":4783.795,"end":4784.163},{"text":"optical","start":4784.259,"end":4784.724},{"text":"space","start":4784.981,"end":4785.189},{"text":"surveillance","start":4785.189,"end":4785.718},{"text":"and","start":4785.718,"end":4785.798},{"text":"tracking","start":4785.798,"end":4786.166},{"text":"network","start":4786.198,"end":4786.583},{"text":"available","start":4786.663,"end":4787.208},{"text":"for","start":4787.384,"end":4787.464},{"text":"the","start":4787.464,"end":4787.544},{"text":"follow-up","start":4787.544,"end":4787.945},{"text":"observations","start":4788.025,"end":4788.73},{"text":"of","start":4788.858,"end":4788.939},{"text":"near-Earth","start":4789.003,"end":4789.371},{"text":"objects","start":4789.403,"end":4789.932},{"text":"which","start":4790.204,"end":4790.349},{"text":"could","start":4790.365,"end":4790.445},{"text":"potentially","start":4790.445,"end":4790.91},{"text":"impact","start":4790.99,"end":4791.326},{"text":"the","start":4791.326,"end":4791.454},{"text":"Earth.","start":4791.47,"end":4791.615}]},{"text":"NSPOC will work with ION partners to deliver follow-up observations of near-Earth objects which could potentially impact the Earth, including where feasible through our global optical space surveillance and tracking network.","start":4793.009,"end":4804.226,"topics":[{"key":"neo-monitoring","label":"NEO Monitoring and Early Warning","description":"A major theme was the detection, tracking, characterization, and risk assessment of near-Earth objects using ground-based and space-based systems. Several statements highlighted early warning thresholds, impact probability updates, and the recent case of asteroid 2024 YR4."},{"key":"planetary-defense-cooperation","label":"Planetary Defense Cooperation","description":"Many speakers stressed that asteroid threats require coordinated international action through mechanisms such as IAWN, SMPAG, UNOOSA, and joint exercises. The discussion focused on sharing observations, aligning response procedures, and building common preparedness against impact risks."}],"words":[{"text":"NSPOC","start":4793.009,"end":4793.393},{"text":"will","start":4793.393,"end":4793.506},{"text":"work","start":4793.554,"end":4793.81},{"text":"with","start":4793.81,"end":4793.922},{"text":"ION","start":4794.034,"end":4794.259},{"text":"partners","start":4794.371,"end":4794.82},{"text":"to","start":4794.836,"end":4794.98},{"text":"deliver","start":4794.996,"end":4795.38},{"text":"follow-up","start":4795.412,"end":4795.893},{"text":"observations","start":4795.893,"end":4796.582},{"text":"of","start":4796.71,"end":4796.791},{"text":"near-Earth","start":4796.855,"end":4797.223},{"text":"objects","start":4797.335,"end":4797.848},{"text":"which","start":4797.96,"end":4798.056},{"text":"could","start":4798.056,"end":4798.201},{"text":"potentially","start":4798.201,"end":4798.665},{"text":"impact","start":4798.697,"end":4799.098},{"text":"the","start":4799.098,"end":4799.226},{"text":"Earth,","start":4799.242,"end":4799.386},{"text":"including","start":4799.899,"end":4800.348},{"text":"where","start":4800.46,"end":4800.62},{"text":"feasible","start":4800.62,"end":4801.101},{"text":"through","start":4801.101,"end":4801.39},{"text":"our","start":4801.406,"end":4801.566},{"text":"global","start":4801.566,"end":4801.918},{"text":"optical","start":4802.063,"end":4802.399},{"text":"space","start":4802.399,"end":4802.623},{"text":"surveillance","start":4802.623,"end":4803.216},{"text":"and","start":4803.264,"end":4803.409},{"text":"tracking","start":4803.409,"end":4803.681},{"text":"network.","start":4803.745,"end":4804.226}]},{"text":"The UK Space Agency is supporting the European Space Space Agency in the development of the FlyEye telescopes that will photograph large areas of the sky each night searching for asteroids.","start":4805.652,"end":4815.795,"topics":[{"key":"neo-monitoring","label":"NEO Monitoring and Early Warning","description":"A major theme was the detection, tracking, characterization, and risk assessment of near-Earth objects using ground-based and space-based systems. Several statements highlighted early warning thresholds, impact probability updates, and the recent case of asteroid 2024 YR4."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":4805.652,"end":4805.732},{"text":"UK","start":4805.732,"end":4805.989},{"text":"Space","start":4805.989,"end":4806.309},{"text":"Agency","start":4806.309,"end":4806.678},{"text":"is","start":4806.71,"end":4806.742},{"text":"supporting","start":4806.742,"end":4807.319},{"text":"the","start":4807.351,"end":4807.431},{"text":"European","start":4807.431,"end":4807.799},{"text":"Space","start":4807.831,"end":4808.072},{"text":"Space","start":4807.96,"end":4808.104},{"text":"Agency","start":4808.216,"end":4808.602},{"text":"in","start":4808.859,"end":4808.907},{"text":"the","start":4808.955,"end":4809.051},{"text":"development","start":4809.051,"end":4809.678},{"text":"of","start":4809.678,"end":4809.758},{"text":"the","start":4809.758,"end":4809.838},{"text":"FlyEye","start":4809.838,"end":4810.095},{"text":"telescopes","start":4810.304,"end":4811.042},{"text":"that","start":4811.042,"end":4811.508},{"text":"will","start":4811.508,"end":4811.556},{"text":"photograph","start":4811.556,"end":4812.198},{"text":"large","start":4812.311,"end":4812.616},{"text":"areas","start":4812.712,"end":4813.066},{"text":"of","start":4813.13,"end":4813.194},{"text":"the","start":4813.21,"end":4813.306},{"text":"sky","start":4813.306,"end":4813.611},{"text":"each","start":4813.868,"end":4813.965},{"text":"night","start":4814.077,"end":4814.43},{"text":"searching","start":4814.8,"end":4815.185},{"text":"for","start":4815.201,"end":4815.362},{"text":"asteroids.","start":4815.362,"end":4815.795}]},{"text":"We are conducting early studies for ESA's deep space mission NEOMIR, Near-Earth Object Mission for Infrared, that will enable the detection and monitoring of asteroids that we cannot see from the ground.","start":4816.646,"end":4827.26,"topics":[{"key":"neo-monitoring","label":"NEO Monitoring and Early Warning","description":"A major theme was the detection, tracking, characterization, and risk assessment of near-Earth objects using ground-based and space-based systems. Several statements highlighted early warning thresholds, impact probability updates, and the recent case of asteroid 2024 YR4."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4816.646,"end":4816.726},{"text":"are","start":4816.742,"end":4816.807},{"text":"conducting","start":4816.807,"end":4817.224},{"text":"early","start":4817.288,"end":4817.529},{"text":"studies","start":4817.529,"end":4817.915},{"text":"for","start":4818.027,"end":4818.172},{"text":"ESA's","start":4818.172,"end":4818.477},{"text":"deep","start":4818.894,"end":4819.071},{"text":"space","start":4819.071,"end":4819.295},{"text":"mission","start":4819.392,"end":4819.761},{"text":"NEOMIR,","start":4819.938,"end":4820.532},{"text":"Near-Earth","start":4820.692,"end":4821.126},{"text":"Object","start":4821.238,"end":4821.64},{"text":"Mission","start":4821.64,"end":4821.832},{"text":"for","start":4821.945,"end":4822.121},{"text":"Infrared,","start":4822.121,"end":4822.571},{"text":"that","start":4823.165,"end":4823.31},{"text":"will","start":4823.31,"end":4823.406},{"text":"enable","start":4823.406,"end":4823.807},{"text":"the","start":4823.807,"end":4823.904},{"text":"detection","start":4823.904,"end":4824.418},{"text":"and","start":4824.674,"end":4824.771},{"text":"monitoring","start":4824.771,"end":4825.14},{"text":"of","start":4825.172,"end":4825.317},{"text":"asteroids","start":4825.317,"end":4825.782},{"text":"that","start":4825.798,"end":4825.895},{"text":"we","start":4825.895,"end":4825.975},{"text":"cannot","start":4825.975,"end":4826.312},{"text":"see","start":4826.312,"end":4826.633},{"text":"from","start":4826.682,"end":4826.794},{"text":"the","start":4826.842,"end":4826.922},{"text":"ground.","start":4826.922,"end":4827.26}]},{"text":"The UK Space Agency through ESA is also supporting RAMSES, Rapid Apophis Mission for Space Safety that will study the asteroid Apophis on its close flyby of our planet in April 2029.","start":4828.448,"end":4840.477,"topics":[{"key":"asteroid-deflection","label":"Asteroid Deflection and Mitigation Missions","description":"Speakers discussed missions and technologies intended to understand or demonstrate how dangerous asteroids could be deflected. DART, Hera, and planned Apophis-related missions were presented as key steps in developing practical mitigation options."},{"key":"asteroid-awareness","label":"Asteroid Awareness","description":"Delegations repeatedly welcomed the designation of 2029 as the International Year of Asteroid Awareness and Planetary Defense. This topic centered on public education, outreach, scientific engagement, and using the close approach of Apophis to raise global awareness."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":4828.448,"end":4828.528},{"text":"UK","start":4828.528,"end":4828.785},{"text":"Space","start":4828.785,"end":4829.17},{"text":"Agency","start":4829.17,"end":4829.556},{"text":"through","start":4829.652,"end":4829.829},{"text":"ESA","start":4829.829,"end":4830.23},{"text":"is","start":4830.487,"end":4830.599},{"text":"also","start":4830.696,"end":4830.872},{"text":"supporting","start":4830.872,"end":4831.322},{"text":"RAMSES,","start":4831.338,"end":4831.804},{"text":"Rapid","start":4832.301,"end":4832.622},{"text":"Apophis","start":4832.622,"end":4833.008},{"text":"Mission","start":4833.12,"end":4833.393},{"text":"for","start":4833.393,"end":4835.384},{"text":"Space","start":4833.506,"end":4833.714},{"text":"Safety","start":4833.714,"end":4834.277},{"text":"that","start":4834.646,"end":4834.791},{"text":"will","start":4834.791,"end":4834.871},{"text":"study","start":4834.871,"end":4835.176},{"text":"the","start":4835.192,"end":4835.353},{"text":"asteroid","start":4835.353,"end":4835.69},{"text":"Apophis","start":4835.69,"end":4836.059},{"text":"on","start":4836.654,"end":4836.734},{"text":"its","start":4836.734,"end":4837.216},{"text":"close","start":4837.682,"end":4837.923},{"text":"flyby","start":4837.923,"end":4838.421},{"text":"of","start":4838.581,"end":4838.726},{"text":"our","start":4838.726,"end":4838.806},{"text":"planet","start":4838.806,"end":4839.256},{"text":"in","start":4839.304,"end":4839.368},{"text":"April","start":4839.449,"end":4839.754},{"text":"2029.","start":4839.77,"end":4840.477}]},{"text":"The unique perspectives that these missions offer is vital for considering how we may deal with any Earthbound threats in the future, as well as providing new scientific insights into the formation and evolution of our solar system.","start":4841.713,"end":4853.358,"topics":[{"key":"asteroid-deflection","label":"Asteroid Deflection and Mitigation Missions","description":"Speakers discussed missions and technologies intended to understand or demonstrate how dangerous asteroids could be deflected. DART, Hera, and planned Apophis-related missions were presented as key steps in developing practical mitigation options."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":4841.713,"end":4841.794},{"text":"unique","start":4841.794,"end":4842.115},{"text":"perspectives","start":4842.115,"end":4842.677},{"text":"that","start":4842.677,"end":4842.822},{"text":"these","start":4842.822,"end":4842.966},{"text":"missions","start":4842.982,"end":4843.287},{"text":"offer","start":4843.32,"end":4843.689},{"text":"is","start":4843.882,"end":4844.01},{"text":"vital","start":4844.107,"end":4844.637},{"text":"for","start":4844.685,"end":4844.829},{"text":"considering","start":4844.829,"end":4845.279},{"text":"how","start":4845.311,"end":4845.424},{"text":"we","start":4845.424,"end":4845.504},{"text":"may","start":4845.504,"end":4845.649},{"text":"deal","start":4845.793,"end":4845.922},{"text":"with","start":4845.97,"end":4846.146},{"text":"any","start":4846.195,"end":4846.339},{"text":"Earthbound","start":4846.516,"end":4846.917},{"text":"threats","start":4846.917,"end":4847.126},{"text":"in","start":4847.174,"end":4847.255},{"text":"the","start":4847.255,"end":4847.335},{"text":"future,","start":4847.335,"end":4847.737},{"text":"as","start":4848.459,"end":4848.508},{"text":"well","start":4848.604,"end":4848.716},{"text":"as","start":4848.716,"end":4848.749},{"text":"providing","start":4848.781,"end":4849.23},{"text":"new","start":4849.262,"end":4849.439},{"text":"scientific","start":4849.439,"end":4850.05},{"text":"insights","start":4850.066,"end":4850.708},{"text":"into","start":4850.708,"end":4850.917},{"text":"the","start":4850.933,"end":4851.013},{"text":"formation","start":4851.013,"end":4851.479},{"text":"and","start":4851.592,"end":4851.736},{"text":"evolution","start":4851.752,"end":4852.202},{"text":"of","start":4852.395,"end":4852.491},{"text":"our","start":4852.491,"end":4852.636},{"text":"solar","start":4852.636,"end":4852.957},{"text":"system.","start":4852.957,"end":4853.358}]},{"text":"The United Kingdom recognizes the importance of international communities' work in relation The recent interest in 2024 YR4 underlines the importance of international cooperation on this topic, and we look forward to continuing the work with partners.","start":4854.804,"end":4872.844,"topics":[{"key":"neo-monitoring","label":"NEO Monitoring and Early Warning","description":"A major theme was the detection, tracking, characterization, and risk assessment of near-Earth objects using ground-based and space-based systems. Several statements highlighted early warning thresholds, impact probability updates, and the recent case of asteroid 2024 YR4."},{"key":"planetary-defense-cooperation","label":"Planetary Defense Cooperation","description":"Many speakers stressed that asteroid threats require coordinated international action through mechanisms such as IAWN, SMPAG, UNOOSA, and joint exercises. The discussion focused on sharing observations, aligning response procedures, and building common preparedness against impact risks."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":4854.804,"end":4854.852},{"text":"United","start":4854.852,"end":4855.125},{"text":"Kingdom","start":4855.125,"end":4855.511},{"text":"recognizes","start":4855.511,"end":4856.089},{"text":"the","start":4856.089,"end":4856.185},{"text":"importance","start":4856.185,"end":4856.828},{"text":"of","start":4856.828,"end":4856.94},{"text":"international","start":4856.988,"end":4857.534},{"text":"communities'","start":4857.534,"end":4858.145},{"text":"work","start":4858.418,"end":4858.771},{"text":"in","start":4858.819,"end":4858.868},{"text":"relation","start":4858.98,"end":4859.35},{"text":"The","start":4862.926,"end":4863.007},{"text":"recent","start":4863.007,"end":4863.412},{"text":"interest","start":4863.412,"end":4864.043},{"text":"in","start":4864.059,"end":4864.156},{"text":"2024","start":4864.156,"end":4865.127},{"text":"YR4","start":4865.435,"end":4865.952},{"text":"underlines","start":4866.405,"end":4866.859},{"text":"the","start":4866.907,"end":4867.037},{"text":"importance","start":4867.037,"end":4867.651},{"text":"of","start":4868.331,"end":4868.525},{"text":"international","start":4868.736,"end":4869.205},{"text":"cooperation","start":4869.221,"end":4869.755},{"text":"on","start":4869.787,"end":4869.852},{"text":"this","start":4869.868,"end":4870.03},{"text":"topic,","start":4870.03,"end":4870.435},{"text":"and","start":4870.839,"end":4870.936},{"text":"we","start":4870.936,"end":4871.001},{"text":"look","start":4871.001,"end":4871.179},{"text":"forward","start":4871.179,"end":4871.39},{"text":"to","start":4871.39,"end":4871.47},{"text":"continuing","start":4871.486,"end":4871.907},{"text":"the","start":4871.971,"end":4872.052},{"text":"work","start":4872.068,"end":4872.311},{"text":"with","start":4872.311,"end":4872.44},{"text":"partners.","start":4872.472,"end":4872.844}]},{"text":"Thank you, Chair, distinguished delegates.","start":4873.603,"end":4875.559,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":4873.603,"end":4873.846},{"text":"you,","start":4873.91,"end":4873.975},{"text":"Chair,","start":4874.169,"end":4874.508},{"text":"distinguished","start":4874.654,"end":4875.058},{"text":"delegates.","start":4875.058,"end":4875.559}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"GBR","affiliation_full":"United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":27,"start":4877.142,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1a/k1ad4k1m9e?t=4878","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of the United Kingdom for the statement.","start":4877.142,"end":4880.406,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":4877.142,"end":4877.223},{"text":"thank","start":4877.223,"end":4877.401},{"text":"the","start":4877.401,"end":4877.546},{"text":"distinguished","start":4877.546,"end":4878.031},{"text":"representative","start":4878.031,"end":4878.677},{"text":"of","start":4878.677,"end":4878.823},{"text":"the","start":4878.855,"end":4878.92},{"text":"United","start":4878.92,"end":4879.34},{"text":"Kingdom","start":4879.34,"end":4879.728},{"text":"for","start":4879.728,"end":4879.905},{"text":"the","start":4879.905,"end":4879.97},{"text":"statement.","start":4879.97,"end":4880.406}]},{"text":"Next speaker on my list is the distinguished representative of Mexico.","start":4881.03,"end":4884.586,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next","start":4881.03,"end":4881.456},{"text":"speaker","start":4881.488,"end":4881.865},{"text":"on","start":4881.865,"end":4881.964},{"text":"my","start":4881.964,"end":4882.111},{"text":"list","start":4882.111,"end":4882.456},{"text":"is","start":4882.456,"end":4882.505},{"text":"the","start":4882.538,"end":4882.636},{"text":"distinguished","start":4882.636,"end":4883.177},{"text":"representative","start":4883.177,"end":4883.898},{"text":"of","start":4883.996,"end":4884.062},{"text":"Mexico.","start":4884.16,"end":4884.586}]},{"text":"You have the floor.","start":4884.88,"end":4885.619,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"You","start":4884.88,"end":4884.915},{"text":"have","start":4884.915,"end":4885.108},{"text":"the","start":4885.161,"end":4885.249},{"text":"floor.","start":4885.249,"end":4885.619}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"COPUOS","affiliation_full":"COPUOS","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":28,"start":4891.974,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1a/k1ad4k1m9e?t=4892","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you very much, Chair.","start":4891.974,"end":4892.859,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":4891.974,"end":4892.135},{"text":"you","start":4892.135,"end":4892.2},{"text":"very","start":4892.2,"end":4892.328},{"text":"much,","start":4892.328,"end":4892.505},{"text":"Chair.","start":4892.602,"end":4892.859}]},{"text":"Distinguished delegates, over the past few years, we've witnessed huge climatic, atmospheric, and meteorological change that affect our planet as a consequence both of human activity and natural phenomena.","start":4893.567,"end":4908.118,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Distinguished","start":4893.567,"end":4893.921},{"text":"delegates,","start":4893.921,"end":4894.355},{"text":"over","start":4896.061,"end":4896.141},{"text":"the","start":4896.141,"end":4896.238},{"text":"past","start":4896.238,"end":4896.463},{"text":"few","start":4896.479,"end":4896.704},{"text":"years,","start":4896.704,"end":4897.01},{"text":"we've","start":4897.348,"end":4897.573},{"text":"witnessed","start":4897.605,"end":4898.168},{"text":"huge","start":4898.168,"end":4898.603},{"text":"climatic,","start":4899.2,"end":4899.945},{"text":"atmospheric,","start":4900.091,"end":4900.819},{"text":"and","start":4900.9,"end":4900.965},{"text":"meteorological","start":4900.997,"end":4901.709},{"text":"change","start":4901.709,"end":4902.195},{"text":"that","start":4902.696,"end":4902.842},{"text":"affect","start":4902.842,"end":4903.247},{"text":"our","start":4903.247,"end":4903.425},{"text":"planet","start":4903.425,"end":4904.007},{"text":"as","start":4904.784,"end":4904.881},{"text":"a","start":4904.881,"end":4904.946},{"text":"consequence","start":4904.946,"end":4905.529},{"text":"both","start":4905.529,"end":4905.658},{"text":"of","start":4905.707,"end":4905.82},{"text":"human","start":4905.836,"end":4906.192},{"text":"activity","start":4906.192,"end":4906.791},{"text":"and","start":4906.969,"end":4907.277},{"text":"natural","start":4907.293,"end":4907.536},{"text":"phenomena.","start":4907.536,"end":4908.118}]},{"text":"These changes have meant we have to think about the risks that threaten sustainability and the system of life on Earth.","start":4909.797,"end":4917.135,"topics":[{"key":"space-sustainability","label":"Long-Term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities","description":"Several delegations emphasized implementation of the COPUOS Long-Term Sustainability Guidelines and the need for continued work beyond the current mandate. The topic included national laws, reporting on implementation, information-sharing tools, and preserving space for future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"These","start":4909.797,"end":4910.18},{"text":"changes","start":4910.47,"end":4910.951},{"text":"have","start":4911.208,"end":4911.417},{"text":"meant","start":4911.61,"end":4911.947},{"text":"we","start":4911.947,"end":4912.092},{"text":"have","start":4912.092,"end":4912.236},{"text":"to","start":4912.268,"end":4912.477},{"text":"think","start":4912.493,"end":4912.622},{"text":"about","start":4912.67,"end":4912.895},{"text":"the","start":4912.895,"end":4912.975},{"text":"risks","start":4912.991,"end":4913.457},{"text":"that","start":4913.457,"end":4913.569},{"text":"threaten","start":4913.569,"end":4914.051},{"text":"sustainability","start":4914.34,"end":4915.127},{"text":"and","start":4915.465,"end":4915.77},{"text":"the","start":4915.866,"end":4915.946},{"text":"system","start":4915.946,"end":4916.444},{"text":"of","start":4916.444,"end":4916.525},{"text":"life","start":4916.525,"end":4916.766},{"text":"on","start":4916.766,"end":4916.894},{"text":"Earth.","start":4916.99,"end":4917.135}]},{"text":"Some recent events caused by natural phenomena have reminded us of our vulnerability in the face of large-scale disasters.","start":4917.81,"end":4923.801,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Some","start":4917.81,"end":4917.986},{"text":"recent","start":4917.986,"end":4918.259},{"text":"events","start":4918.275,"end":4918.597},{"text":"caused","start":4918.597,"end":4918.854},{"text":"by","start":4918.854,"end":4918.95},{"text":"natural","start":4918.95,"end":4919.319},{"text":"phenomena","start":4919.319,"end":4919.817},{"text":"have","start":4919.817,"end":4920.026},{"text":"reminded","start":4920.058,"end":4920.556},{"text":"us","start":4920.556,"end":4920.717},{"text":"of","start":4920.717,"end":4920.845},{"text":"our","start":4920.845,"end":4920.942},{"text":"vulnerability","start":4920.942,"end":4921.632},{"text":"in","start":4921.745,"end":4921.793},{"text":"the","start":4921.809,"end":4921.905},{"text":"face","start":4921.905,"end":4922.114},{"text":"of","start":4922.307,"end":4922.435},{"text":"large-scale","start":4922.789,"end":4923.271},{"text":"disasters.","start":4923.271,"end":4923.801}]},{"text":"However, in spite of the technological advances that we have, early warning and mitigation measures such as population evacuation and safeguarding infrastructure— in spite of all of these, These floods, landslides, and earthquakes continue to have an impact and cause damage across the world.","start":4924.861,"end":4942.256,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"However,","start":4924.861,"end":4925.423},{"text":"in","start":4926.146,"end":4926.194},{"text":"spite","start":4926.226,"end":4926.708},{"text":"of","start":4926.708,"end":4926.852},{"text":"the","start":4926.965,"end":4927.206},{"text":"technological","start":4927.511,"end":4928.169},{"text":"advances","start":4928.169,"end":4928.86},{"text":"that","start":4928.956,"end":4929.117},{"text":"we","start":4929.117,"end":4929.197},{"text":"have,","start":4929.197,"end":4929.583},{"text":"early","start":4930.161,"end":4930.434},{"text":"warning","start":4930.498,"end":4930.948},{"text":"and","start":4931.446,"end":4931.574},{"text":"mitigation","start":4931.623,"end":4932.185},{"text":"measures","start":4932.185,"end":4932.474},{"text":"such","start":4932.522,"end":4932.699},{"text":"as","start":4932.763,"end":4932.827},{"text":"population","start":4932.827,"end":4933.293},{"text":"evacuation","start":4933.293,"end":4933.823},{"text":"and","start":4933.871,"end":4933.951},{"text":"safeguarding","start":4933.951,"end":4934.482},{"text":"infrastructure—","start":4934.514,"end":4935.269},{"text":"in","start":4935.879,"end":4935.911},{"text":"spite","start":4935.943,"end":4936.184},{"text":"of","start":4936.184,"end":4936.264},{"text":"all","start":4936.264,"end":4936.377},{"text":"of","start":4936.377,"end":4936.441},{"text":"these,","start":4936.441,"end":4936.489},{"text":"These","start":4936.57,"end":4936.618},{"text":"floods,","start":4936.747,"end":4937.053},{"text":"landslides,","start":4937.149,"end":4937.697},{"text":"and","start":4937.729,"end":4938.019},{"text":"earthquakes","start":4938.277,"end":4938.728},{"text":"continue","start":4938.776,"end":4939.389},{"text":"to","start":4939.679,"end":4939.743},{"text":"have","start":4939.743,"end":4939.92},{"text":"an","start":4939.92,"end":4939.985},{"text":"impact","start":4940.001,"end":4940.532},{"text":"and","start":4940.871,"end":4940.935},{"text":"cause","start":4940.951,"end":4941.161},{"text":"damage","start":4941.257,"end":4941.579},{"text":"across","start":4941.579,"end":4941.837},{"text":"the","start":4941.837,"end":4941.918},{"text":"world.","start":4941.918,"end":4942.256}]},{"text":"This reminds us of the need for preparation and adaptation to natural phenomena, including astronomic phenomena or space phenomena, which include asteroids, comets, and meteorites.","start":4942.707,"end":4954.152,"topics":[{"key":"asteroid-awareness","label":"Asteroid Awareness","description":"Delegations repeatedly welcomed the designation of 2029 as the International Year of Asteroid Awareness and Planetary Defense. This topic centered on public education, outreach, scientific engagement, and using the close approach of Apophis to raise global awareness."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":4942.707,"end":4942.868},{"text":"reminds","start":4942.868,"end":4943.223},{"text":"us","start":4943.223,"end":4943.303},{"text":"of","start":4943.368,"end":4943.513},{"text":"the","start":4943.513,"end":4943.577},{"text":"need","start":4943.577,"end":4943.835},{"text":"for","start":4943.835,"end":4943.915},{"text":"preparation","start":4943.931,"end":4944.624},{"text":"and","start":4944.656,"end":4944.721},{"text":"adaptation","start":4944.801,"end":4945.349},{"text":"to","start":4946.026,"end":4946.284},{"text":"natural","start":4946.445,"end":4946.832},{"text":"phenomena,","start":4946.832,"end":4947.381},{"text":"including","start":4947.461,"end":4947.994},{"text":"astronomic","start":4948.268,"end":4948.848},{"text":"phenomena","start":4948.848,"end":4949.38},{"text":"or","start":4949.397,"end":4949.429},{"text":"space","start":4949.429,"end":4949.816},{"text":"phenomena,","start":4949.816,"end":4950.348},{"text":"which","start":4950.445,"end":4950.59},{"text":"include","start":4951.106,"end":4951.477},{"text":"asteroids,","start":4951.574,"end":4952.122},{"text":"comets,","start":4952.235,"end":4952.719},{"text":"and","start":4953.283,"end":4953.428},{"text":"meteorites.","start":4953.428,"end":4954.152}]},{"text":"In line with the Law for Civil Protection, Mexico will continue working on creating and promoting public policy in prevention, mitigation, and assistance when it comes to disasters caused by, among other things, celestial bodies.","start":4957.212,"end":4972.463,"topics":[{"key":"planetary-defense-cooperation","label":"Planetary Defense Cooperation","description":"Many speakers stressed that asteroid threats require coordinated international action through mechanisms such as IAWN, SMPAG, UNOOSA, and joint exercises. The discussion focused on sharing observations, aligning response procedures, and building common preparedness against impact risks."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":4957.212,"end":4957.293},{"text":"line","start":4957.374,"end":4957.583},{"text":"with","start":4957.712,"end":4957.921},{"text":"the","start":4958.098,"end":4958.292},{"text":"Law","start":4958.501,"end":4958.63},{"text":"for","start":4958.694,"end":4958.904},{"text":"Civil","start":4958.904,"end":4959.145},{"text":"Protection,","start":4959.322,"end":4959.854},{"text":"Mexico","start":4960.111,"end":4960.707},{"text":"will","start":4960.917,"end":4961.013},{"text":"continue","start":4961.013,"end":4961.384},{"text":"working","start":4961.48,"end":4961.867},{"text":"on","start":4962.125,"end":4962.189},{"text":"creating","start":4962.632,"end":4963.081},{"text":"and","start":4963.113,"end":4963.194},{"text":"promoting","start":4963.194,"end":4963.643},{"text":"public","start":4963.739,"end":4964.076},{"text":"policy","start":4964.14,"end":4964.525},{"text":"in","start":4965.262,"end":4965.327},{"text":"prevention,","start":4965.583,"end":4966.145},{"text":"mitigation,","start":4966.161,"end":4966.85},{"text":"and","start":4966.882,"end":4966.946},{"text":"assistance","start":4967.027,"end":4967.796},{"text":"when","start":4968.486,"end":4968.646},{"text":"it","start":4968.646,"end":4968.727},{"text":"comes","start":4968.727,"end":4968.935},{"text":"to","start":4968.967,"end":4969.127},{"text":"disasters","start":4969.127,"end":4969.657},{"text":"caused","start":4969.769,"end":4970.33},{"text":"by,","start":4970.33,"end":4970.523},{"text":"among","start":4970.795,"end":4970.94},{"text":"other","start":4971.116,"end":4971.293},{"text":"things,","start":4971.293,"end":4971.581},{"text":"celestial","start":4971.597,"end":4972.046},{"text":"bodies.","start":4972.094,"end":4972.463}]},{"text":"This work involves institutions that are key when it comes to the field of space, as civil protection authorities, as— and it also includes the National Prevention System for Disasters and the National Civil Protection System.","start":4973.057,"end":4986.255,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":4973.057,"end":4973.169},{"text":"work","start":4973.281,"end":4973.602},{"text":"involves","start":4973.923,"end":4974.5},{"text":"institutions","start":4974.596,"end":4975.109},{"text":"that","start":4975.141,"end":4975.206},{"text":"are","start":4975.206,"end":4975.366},{"text":"key","start":4975.366,"end":4975.607},{"text":"when","start":4975.607,"end":4975.719},{"text":"it","start":4975.719,"end":4975.783},{"text":"comes","start":4975.783,"end":4976.072},{"text":"to","start":4976.248,"end":4976.473},{"text":"the","start":4976.585,"end":4976.825},{"text":"field","start":4977.066,"end":4977.387},{"text":"of","start":4977.451,"end":4977.515},{"text":"space,","start":4977.531,"end":4978.028},{"text":"as","start":4978.573,"end":4978.718},{"text":"civil","start":4978.75,"end":4979.103},{"text":"protection","start":4979.135,"end":4979.504},{"text":"authorities,","start":4979.536,"end":4980.161},{"text":"as—","start":4980.418,"end":4980.562},{"text":"and","start":4981.059,"end":4981.172},{"text":"it","start":4981.396,"end":4981.556},{"text":"also","start":4981.556,"end":4981.845},{"text":"includes","start":4981.861,"end":4982.166},{"text":"the","start":4982.198,"end":4982.278},{"text":"National","start":4982.278,"end":4982.583},{"text":"Prevention","start":4982.583,"end":4983},{"text":"System","start":4983,"end":4983.337},{"text":"for","start":4983.385,"end":4983.481},{"text":"Disasters","start":4983.481,"end":4983.93},{"text":"and","start":4984.363,"end":4984.427},{"text":"the","start":4984.427,"end":4984.507},{"text":"National","start":4984.507,"end":4985.004},{"text":"Civil","start":4985.004,"end":4985.405},{"text":"Protection","start":4985.405,"end":4985.822},{"text":"System.","start":4985.822,"end":4986.255}]},{"text":"Mexico recognizes The valuable work carried out by the International Asteroid Warning System, IAWN, along with the Space Mission Planning Advisory Group, or SMPAG, on this hugely relevant topic for all of Earth's inhabitants.","start":4986.929,"end":5006.644,"topics":[{"key":"planetary-defense-cooperation","label":"Planetary Defense Cooperation","description":"Many speakers stressed that asteroid threats require coordinated international action through mechanisms such as IAWN, SMPAG, UNOOSA, and joint exercises. The discussion focused on sharing observations, aligning response procedures, and building common preparedness against impact risks."}],"words":[{"text":"Mexico","start":4986.929,"end":4987.394},{"text":"recognizes","start":4987.41,"end":4987.939},{"text":"The","start":4988.357,"end":4988.614},{"text":"valuable","start":4988.694,"end":4989.24},{"text":"work","start":4989.24,"end":4989.657},{"text":"carried","start":4989.657,"end":4990.043},{"text":"out","start":4990.043,"end":4990.38},{"text":"by","start":4990.38,"end":4990.604},{"text":"the","start":4990.621,"end":4990.813},{"text":"International","start":4990.845,"end":4991.728},{"text":"Asteroid","start":4992.29,"end":4992.756},{"text":"Warning","start":4992.852,"end":4993.157},{"text":"System,","start":4993.286,"end":4993.639},{"text":"IAWN,","start":4993.976,"end":4994.763},{"text":"along","start":4995.582,"end":4995.806},{"text":"with","start":4995.919,"end":4996.128},{"text":"the","start":4996.32,"end":4996.513},{"text":"Space","start":4997.187,"end":4997.637},{"text":"Mission","start":4998.006,"end":4998.375},{"text":"Planning","start":4998.488,"end":4998.857},{"text":"Advisory","start":4998.953,"end":4999.692},{"text":"Group,","start":5000.414,"end":5000.719},{"text":"or","start":5000.88,"end":5001.073},{"text":"SMPAG,","start":5001.314,"end":5001.94},{"text":"on","start":5003.288,"end":5003.337},{"text":"this","start":5003.465,"end":5003.706},{"text":"hugely","start":5003.706,"end":5004.107},{"text":"relevant","start":5004.107,"end":5004.428},{"text":"topic","start":5004.428,"end":5004.894},{"text":"for","start":5004.974,"end":5005.263},{"text":"all","start":5005.295,"end":5005.488},{"text":"of","start":5005.488,"end":5005.6},{"text":"Earth's","start":5005.697,"end":5006.018},{"text":"inhabitants.","start":5006.018,"end":5006.644}]},{"text":"Just a week ago, through UNOSA, we received notification about a potential impact in 2032, which highlights the importance of having early trustworthy information in terms of preparation on this important topic.","start":5007.736,"end":5025.622,"topics":[{"key":"neo-monitoring","label":"NEO Monitoring and Early Warning","description":"A major theme was the detection, tracking, characterization, and risk assessment of near-Earth objects using ground-based and space-based systems. Several statements highlighted early warning thresholds, impact probability updates, and the recent case of asteroid 2024 YR4."}],"words":[{"text":"Just","start":5007.736,"end":5007.961},{"text":"a","start":5007.961,"end":5008.041},{"text":"week","start":5008.041,"end":5008.282},{"text":"ago,","start":5008.282,"end":5008.603},{"text":"through","start":5009.711,"end":5010.112},{"text":"UNOSA,","start":5010.128,"end":5010.69},{"text":"we","start":5010.851,"end":5010.931},{"text":"received","start":5011.011,"end":5011.573},{"text":"notification","start":5011.974,"end":5012.857},{"text":"about","start":5012.857,"end":5013.098},{"text":"a","start":5013.098,"end":5013.163},{"text":"potential","start":5013.163,"end":5013.548},{"text":"impact","start":5013.644,"end":5014.078},{"text":"in","start":5014.078,"end":5014.143},{"text":"2032,","start":5014.143,"end":5015.292},{"text":"which","start":5015.745,"end":5015.858},{"text":"highlights","start":5015.907,"end":5016.489},{"text":"the","start":5016.489,"end":5016.635},{"text":"importance","start":5016.635,"end":5017.282},{"text":"of","start":5017.363,"end":5017.428},{"text":"having","start":5017.525,"end":5017.752},{"text":"early","start":5018.172,"end":5018.48},{"text":"trustworthy","start":5018.982,"end":5019.694},{"text":"information","start":5019.742,"end":5020.406},{"text":"in","start":5021.587,"end":5021.652},{"text":"terms","start":5021.749,"end":5022.202},{"text":"of","start":5022.461,"end":5022.623},{"text":"preparation","start":5022.85,"end":5023.559},{"text":"on","start":5024.236,"end":5024.3},{"text":"this","start":5024.397,"end":5024.526},{"text":"important","start":5024.655,"end":5025.074},{"text":"topic.","start":5025.139,"end":5025.622}]},{"text":"Mexico contributes to the work of Iwan through its National Astrophysics, Optics, and Electronics Institute, and the Mexican Space Agency forms part of the Space Mission Planning Advisory Group and from its very start has actively participated in the ad hoc legal group created in the framework of this group.","start":5027.234,"end":5049.021,"topics":[{"key":"planetary-defense-cooperation","label":"Planetary Defense Cooperation","description":"Many speakers stressed that asteroid threats require coordinated international action through mechanisms such as IAWN, SMPAG, UNOOSA, and joint exercises. The discussion focused on sharing observations, aligning response procedures, and building common preparedness against impact risks."}],"words":[{"text":"Mexico","start":5027.234,"end":5027.686},{"text":"contributes","start":5028.024,"end":5028.508},{"text":"to","start":5028.508,"end":5028.604},{"text":"the","start":5028.604,"end":5028.685},{"text":"work","start":5028.685,"end":5028.943},{"text":"of","start":5028.943,"end":5029.023},{"text":"Iwan","start":5029.072,"end":5029.314},{"text":"through","start":5030.2,"end":5030.523},{"text":"its","start":5030.684,"end":5030.942},{"text":"National","start":5030.942,"end":5031.305},{"text":"Astrophysics,","start":5031.502,"end":5032.161},{"text":"Optics,","start":5032.326,"end":5032.754},{"text":"and","start":5032.902,"end":5032.984},{"text":"Electronics","start":5033.166,"end":5033.824},{"text":"Institute,","start":5033.824,"end":5034.582},{"text":"and","start":5037.234,"end":5037.548},{"text":"the","start":5037.73,"end":5037.911},{"text":"Mexican","start":5037.911,"end":5038.407},{"text":"Space","start":5038.407,"end":5038.803},{"text":"Agency","start":5038.803,"end":5039.199},{"text":"forms","start":5039.232,"end":5039.794},{"text":"part","start":5039.656,"end":5040.012},{"text":"of","start":5040.076,"end":5040.157},{"text":"the","start":5040.157,"end":5040.222},{"text":"Space","start":5040.222,"end":5040.448},{"text":"Mission","start":5040.561,"end":5040.77},{"text":"Planning","start":5040.803,"end":5041.093},{"text":"Advisory","start":5041.126,"end":5041.659},{"text":"Group","start":5041.675,"end":5041.998},{"text":"and","start":5042.563,"end":5042.821},{"text":"from","start":5042.886,"end":5043.063},{"text":"its","start":5043.079,"end":5043.209},{"text":"very","start":5043.209,"end":5043.354},{"text":"start","start":5043.628,"end":5044.21},{"text":"has","start":5044.258,"end":5044.403},{"text":"actively","start":5044.5,"end":5044.839},{"text":"participated","start":5044.904,"end":5045.614},{"text":"in","start":5045.647,"end":5045.695},{"text":"the","start":5045.727,"end":5045.84},{"text":"ad","start":5045.873,"end":5046.034},{"text":"hoc","start":5046.034,"end":5046.228},{"text":"legal","start":5046.228,"end":5046.502},{"text":"group","start":5046.535,"end":5046.777},{"text":"created","start":5046.777,"end":5047.31},{"text":"in","start":5047.568,"end":5047.617},{"text":"the","start":5047.649,"end":5047.73},{"text":"framework","start":5047.73,"end":5048.133},{"text":"of","start":5048.295,"end":5048.472},{"text":"this","start":5048.472,"end":5048.698},{"text":"group.","start":5048.698,"end":5049.021}]},{"text":"Several thousand years ago, a large asteroid fell onto the, the Yucatan Peninsula.","start":5053.203,"end":5057.55,"topics":[{"key":"asteroid-awareness","label":"Asteroid Awareness","description":"Delegations repeatedly welcomed the designation of 2029 as the International Year of Asteroid Awareness and Planetary Defense. This topic centered on public education, outreach, scientific engagement, and using the close approach of Apophis to raise global awareness."}],"words":[{"text":"Several","start":5053.203,"end":5053.541},{"text":"thousand","start":5053.541,"end":5053.943},{"text":"years","start":5053.943,"end":5054.153},{"text":"ago,","start":5054.201,"end":5054.394},{"text":"a","start":5054.668,"end":5054.684},{"text":"large","start":5054.748,"end":5055.006},{"text":"asteroid","start":5055.006,"end":5055.36},{"text":"fell","start":5055.393,"end":5055.698},{"text":"onto","start":5055.698,"end":5055.956},{"text":"the,","start":5055.956,"end":5056.198},{"text":"the","start":5056.278,"end":5056.504},{"text":"Yucatan","start":5056.504,"end":5056.971},{"text":"Peninsula.","start":5056.987,"end":5057.55}]},{"text":"This impact caused huge natural phenomena such as volcanic eruptions and tsunamis.","start":5057.888,"end":5063.519,"topics":[{"key":"asteroid-awareness","label":"Asteroid Awareness","description":"Delegations repeatedly welcomed the designation of 2029 as the International Year of Asteroid Awareness and Planetary Defense. This topic centered on public education, outreach, scientific engagement, and using the close approach of Apophis to raise global awareness."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":5057.888,"end":5058.017},{"text":"impact","start":5058.275,"end":5058.709},{"text":"caused","start":5058.758,"end":5059.386},{"text":"huge","start":5060.046,"end":5060.416},{"text":"natural","start":5060.851,"end":5061.254},{"text":"phenomena","start":5061.254,"end":5061.592},{"text":"such","start":5061.592,"end":5061.788},{"text":"as","start":5061.919,"end":5061.968},{"text":"volcanic","start":5062.082,"end":5062.49},{"text":"eruptions","start":5062.49,"end":5062.883},{"text":"and","start":5062.899,"end":5062.948},{"text":"tsunamis.","start":5062.948,"end":5063.519}]},{"text":"The Earth our planet remained in darkness for many years as the dust cloud completely stopped the Sun's light from entering.","start":5064.777,"end":5073.189,"topics":[{"key":"asteroid-awareness","label":"Asteroid Awareness","description":"Delegations repeatedly welcomed the designation of 2029 as the International Year of Asteroid Awareness and Planetary Defense. This topic centered on public education, outreach, scientific engagement, and using the close approach of Apophis to raise global awareness."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":5064.777,"end":5065.022},{"text":"Earth","start":5065.169,"end":5065.479},{"text":"our","start":5065.748,"end":5065.926},{"text":"planet","start":5065.926,"end":5066.429},{"text":"remained","start":5067.369,"end":5067.872},{"text":"in","start":5067.872,"end":5067.92},{"text":"darkness","start":5067.953,"end":5068.325},{"text":"for","start":5068.423,"end":5068.52},{"text":"many","start":5068.52,"end":5068.731},{"text":"years","start":5068.828,"end":5069.136},{"text":"as","start":5069.314,"end":5069.379},{"text":"the","start":5069.493,"end":5069.72},{"text":"dust","start":5069.72,"end":5069.963},{"text":"cloud","start":5069.979,"end":5070.352},{"text":"completely","start":5070.692,"end":5071.081},{"text":"stopped","start":5071.114,"end":5071.714},{"text":"the","start":5071.843,"end":5071.941},{"text":"Sun's","start":5071.941,"end":5072.265},{"text":"light","start":5072.314,"end":5072.557},{"text":"from","start":5072.557,"end":5072.703},{"text":"entering.","start":5072.816,"end":5073.189}]},{"text":"Mexico would like to have 2029 as the International Year for Awareness-Raising about Asteroids and Planetary Defense, as this will raise global awareness on asteroids.","start":5075.611,"end":5088.029,"topics":[{"key":"asteroid-awareness","label":"Asteroid Awareness","description":"Delegations repeatedly welcomed the designation of 2029 as the International Year of Asteroid Awareness and Planetary Defense. This topic centered on public education, outreach, scientific engagement, and using the close approach of Apophis to raise global awareness."}],"words":[{"text":"Mexico","start":5075.611,"end":5076.111},{"text":"would","start":5077.241,"end":5077.37},{"text":"like","start":5077.403,"end":5077.629},{"text":"to","start":5077.645,"end":5077.726},{"text":"have","start":5077.726,"end":5078.016},{"text":"2029","start":5078.113,"end":5078.904},{"text":"as","start":5079.162,"end":5079.308},{"text":"the","start":5079.501,"end":5079.566},{"text":"International","start":5080.712,"end":5081.277},{"text":"Year","start":5081.277,"end":5081.471},{"text":"for","start":5081.536,"end":5081.762},{"text":"Awareness-Raising","start":5081.762,"end":5082.537},{"text":"about","start":5082.633,"end":5082.892},{"text":"Asteroids","start":5082.892,"end":5083.344},{"text":"and","start":5083.457,"end":5083.57},{"text":"Planetary","start":5083.602,"end":5083.99},{"text":"Defense,","start":5083.99,"end":5084.377},{"text":"as","start":5085.153,"end":5085.282},{"text":"this","start":5085.314,"end":5085.444},{"text":"will","start":5085.557,"end":5085.702},{"text":"raise","start":5085.799,"end":5086.009},{"text":"global","start":5086.122,"end":5086.542},{"text":"awareness","start":5086.542,"end":5087.172},{"text":"on","start":5087.237,"end":5087.302},{"text":"asteroids.","start":5087.479,"end":5088.029}]},{"text":"For Mexico, as an emerging country, when it comes to space, it is essential that we continue collaborating in work in this field, both with scientific institutions as well as with multilateral frameworks such as those put in place by this subcommittee.","start":5089.273,"end":5107.67,"topics":[{"key":"planetary-defense-cooperation","label":"Planetary Defense Cooperation","description":"Many speakers stressed that asteroid threats require coordinated international action through mechanisms such as IAWN, SMPAG, UNOOSA, and joint exercises. The discussion focused on sharing observations, aligning response procedures, and building common preparedness against impact risks."}],"words":[{"text":"For","start":5089.273,"end":5089.418},{"text":"Mexico,","start":5089.418,"end":5089.919},{"text":"as","start":5091.115,"end":5091.26},{"text":"an","start":5091.357,"end":5091.406},{"text":"emerging","start":5091.438,"end":5091.745},{"text":"country,","start":5091.761,"end":5092.116},{"text":"when","start":5092.165,"end":5094.088},{"text":"it","start":5092.256,"end":5092.352},{"text":"comes","start":5092.352,"end":5092.561},{"text":"to","start":5092.593,"end":5092.737},{"text":"space,","start":5092.737,"end":5093.042},{"text":"it","start":5093.652,"end":5093.781},{"text":"is","start":5093.781,"end":5093.845},{"text":"essential","start":5093.893,"end":5094.407},{"text":"that","start":5094.439,"end":5094.6},{"text":"we","start":5094.6,"end":5094.68},{"text":"continue","start":5094.68,"end":5095.178},{"text":"collaborating","start":5095.724,"end":5096.495},{"text":"in","start":5096.687,"end":5096.735},{"text":"work","start":5096.848,"end":5097.153},{"text":"in","start":5097.153,"end":5097.201},{"text":"this","start":5097.249,"end":5097.362},{"text":"field,","start":5097.474,"end":5097.891},{"text":"both","start":5098.373,"end":5098.662},{"text":"with","start":5098.919,"end":5099.112},{"text":"scientific","start":5099.112,"end":5099.818},{"text":"institutions","start":5099.818,"end":5100.589},{"text":"as","start":5100.766,"end":5100.83},{"text":"well","start":5100.926,"end":5101.119},{"text":"as","start":5101.167,"end":5101.311},{"text":"with","start":5101.906,"end":5102.323},{"text":"multilateral","start":5102.387,"end":5103.222},{"text":"frameworks","start":5104.073,"end":5104.732},{"text":"such","start":5105.534,"end":5105.711},{"text":"as","start":5105.775,"end":5105.888},{"text":"those","start":5105.904,"end":5106.128},{"text":"put","start":5106.305,"end":5106.498},{"text":"in","start":5106.498,"end":5106.562},{"text":"place","start":5106.562,"end":5106.803},{"text":"by","start":5106.803,"end":5106.899},{"text":"this","start":5106.899,"end":5107.076},{"text":"subcommittee.","start":5107.124,"end":5107.67}]},{"text":"Thank you, Chair.","start":5107.75,"end":5108.216,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":5107.75,"end":5107.927},{"text":"you,","start":5107.927,"end":5107.991},{"text":"Chair.","start":5108.007,"end":5108.216}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"MEX","affiliation_full":"Mexico","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":29,"start":5108.489,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1a/k1ad4k1m9e?t=5109","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Representative of Mexico for her statement.","start":5108.489,"end":5110.672,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Representative","start":5108.489,"end":5109.131},{"text":"of","start":5109.131,"end":5109.227},{"text":"Mexico","start":5109.292,"end":5109.645},{"text":"for","start":5109.693,"end":5109.87},{"text":"her","start":5109.934,"end":5110.014},{"text":"statement.","start":5110.03,"end":5110.672}]},{"text":"The next speaker on my list is a distinguished observer for the European Space Agency.","start":5111.523,"end":5117.448,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":5111.523,"end":5111.62},{"text":"next","start":5111.62,"end":5112.037},{"text":"speaker","start":5113.402,"end":5113.787},{"text":"on","start":5113.787,"end":5113.948},{"text":"my","start":5113.948,"end":5114.028},{"text":"list","start":5114.093,"end":5114.333},{"text":"is","start":5114.333,"end":5114.446},{"text":"a","start":5114.446,"end":5114.574},{"text":"distinguished","start":5114.574,"end":5115.168},{"text":"observer","start":5115.168,"end":5115.795},{"text":"for","start":5115.795,"end":5116.035},{"text":"the","start":5116.035,"end":5116.1},{"text":"European","start":5116.1,"end":5116.533},{"text":"Space","start":5116.533,"end":5116.902},{"text":"Agency.","start":5116.983,"end":5117.448}]},{"text":"You have the floor.","start":5117.77,"end":5118.334,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"You","start":5117.77,"end":5117.855},{"text":"have","start":5117.855,"end":5118.043},{"text":"the","start":5118.043,"end":5118.129},{"text":"floor.","start":5118.129,"end":5118.334}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"COPUOS","affiliation_full":"COPUOS","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":30,"start":5132.662,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1a/k1ad4k1m9e?t=5133","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Distinguished Chair, distinguished delegates, the European Space Agency is proud to endorse and strongly support the 2029 International Year of Asteroid Awareness and Planetary Defense.","start":5132.662,"end":5142.685,"topics":[{"key":"asteroid-awareness","label":"Asteroid Awareness","description":"Delegations repeatedly welcomed the designation of 2029 as the International Year of Asteroid Awareness and Planetary Defense. This topic centered on public education, outreach, scientific engagement, and using the close approach of Apophis to raise global awareness."}],"words":[{"text":"Distinguished","start":5132.662,"end":5132.952},{"text":"Chair,","start":5132.952,"end":5133.242},{"text":"distinguished","start":5133.306,"end":5133.821},{"text":"delegates,","start":5133.821,"end":5134.385},{"text":"the","start":5134.756,"end":5134.836},{"text":"European","start":5134.836,"end":5135.255},{"text":"Space","start":5135.255,"end":5135.674},{"text":"Agency","start":5135.706,"end":5136.125},{"text":"is","start":5136.125,"end":5136.173},{"text":"proud","start":5136.35,"end":5136.624},{"text":"to","start":5136.672,"end":5136.753},{"text":"endorse","start":5136.753,"end":5137.252},{"text":"and","start":5137.252,"end":5137.349},{"text":"strongly","start":5137.349,"end":5137.703},{"text":"support","start":5137.735,"end":5138.379},{"text":"the","start":5138.379,"end":5138.524},{"text":"2029","start":5138.524,"end":5139.41},{"text":"International","start":5139.41,"end":5139.974},{"text":"Year","start":5139.974,"end":5140.167},{"text":"of","start":5140.216,"end":5140.377},{"text":"Asteroid","start":5140.457,"end":5140.811},{"text":"Awareness","start":5140.811,"end":5141.311},{"text":"and","start":5141.52,"end":5141.585},{"text":"Planetary","start":5141.763,"end":5142.166},{"text":"Defense.","start":5142.166,"end":5142.685}]},{"text":"This highlights the need for global cooperation in monitoring and preparing for potential asteroid impacts, ensuring the safety of our planet and all its inhabitants.","start":5143.188,"end":5152.635,"topics":[{"key":"planetary-defense-cooperation","label":"Planetary Defense Cooperation","description":"Many speakers stressed that asteroid threats require coordinated international action through mechanisms such as IAWN, SMPAG, UNOOSA, and joint exercises. The discussion focused on sharing observations, aligning response procedures, and building common preparedness against impact risks."},{"key":"asteroid-awareness","label":"Asteroid Awareness","description":"Delegations repeatedly welcomed the designation of 2029 as the International Year of Asteroid Awareness and Planetary Defense. This topic centered on public education, outreach, scientific engagement, and using the close approach of Apophis to raise global awareness."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":5143.188,"end":5143.323},{"text":"highlights","start":5143.44,"end":5143.859},{"text":"the","start":5143.859,"end":5144.144},{"text":"need","start":5143.978,"end":5144.331},{"text":"for","start":5144.347,"end":5144.701},{"text":"global","start":5144.749,"end":5145.134},{"text":"cooperation","start":5145.15,"end":5145.937},{"text":"in","start":5146.291,"end":5146.435},{"text":"monitoring","start":5146.435,"end":5146.885},{"text":"and","start":5146.933,"end":5147.014},{"text":"preparing","start":5147.014,"end":5147.447},{"text":"for","start":5147.495,"end":5147.785},{"text":"potential","start":5147.801,"end":5148.299},{"text":"asteroid","start":5148.299,"end":5148.78},{"text":"impacts,","start":5148.78,"end":5149.343},{"text":"ensuring","start":5149.664,"end":5150.065},{"text":"the","start":5150.065,"end":5150.162},{"text":"safety","start":5150.162,"end":5150.596},{"text":"of","start":5150.644,"end":5150.772},{"text":"our","start":5150.772,"end":5150.933},{"text":"planet","start":5150.933,"end":5151.334},{"text":"and","start":5151.334,"end":5151.415},{"text":"all","start":5151.575,"end":5151.624},{"text":"its","start":5151.816,"end":5151.993},{"text":"inhabitants.","start":5151.993,"end":5152.635}]},{"text":"ESA's commitment to this cause is exemplified by our ongoing efforts through our Near-Earth Object Coordination Center to monitor the recently discovered asteroid 2024 YR4, with a more than 98% chance of safely passing Earth on the 22nd of December 2032, this asteroid still poses a potential impact risk that cannot be entirely ruled out.","start":5153.358,"end":5178.621,"topics":[{"key":"neo-monitoring","label":"NEO Monitoring and Early Warning","description":"A major theme was the detection, tracking, characterization, and risk assessment of near-Earth objects using ground-based and space-based systems. Several statements highlighted early warning thresholds, impact probability updates, and the recent case of asteroid 2024 YR4."}],"words":[{"text":"ESA's","start":5153.358,"end":5153.76},{"text":"commitment","start":5153.76,"end":5154.306},{"text":"to","start":5154.306,"end":5154.402},{"text":"this","start":5154.402,"end":5154.531},{"text":"cause","start":5154.627,"end":5154.852},{"text":"is","start":5154.965,"end":5155.125},{"text":"exemplified","start":5155.125,"end":5155.977},{"text":"by","start":5156.009,"end":5156.089},{"text":"our","start":5156.234,"end":5156.282},{"text":"ongoing","start":5156.474,"end":5156.78},{"text":"efforts","start":5156.876,"end":5157.454},{"text":"through","start":5157.615,"end":5157.759},{"text":"our","start":5157.84,"end":5158.016},{"text":"Near-Earth","start":5158.016,"end":5158.514},{"text":"Object","start":5158.643,"end":5158.964},{"text":"Coordination","start":5158.964,"end":5159.623},{"text":"Center","start":5159.623,"end":5160.137},{"text":"to","start":5160.522,"end":5160.603},{"text":"monitor","start":5160.635,"end":5161.261},{"text":"the","start":5161.55,"end":5161.631},{"text":"recently","start":5161.631,"end":5162.112},{"text":"discovered","start":5162.112,"end":5162.755},{"text":"asteroid","start":5162.755,"end":5163.253},{"text":"2024","start":5163.301,"end":5164.426},{"text":"YR4,","start":5164.907,"end":5165.1},{"text":"with","start":5165.646,"end":5165.807},{"text":"a","start":5165.807,"end":5165.839},{"text":"more","start":5165.839,"end":5166.08},{"text":"than","start":5166.128,"end":5166.257},{"text":"98%","start":5166.289,"end":5167.092},{"text":"chance","start":5168.04,"end":5168.393},{"text":"of","start":5168.682,"end":5168.746},{"text":"safely","start":5169.003,"end":5169.71},{"text":"passing","start":5169.582,"end":5169.999},{"text":"Earth","start":5170.063,"end":5170.272},{"text":"on","start":5170.449,"end":5170.513},{"text":"the","start":5170.529,"end":5170.625},{"text":"22nd","start":5170.625,"end":5171.348},{"text":"of","start":5171.348,"end":5171.476},{"text":"December","start":5171.524,"end":5172.086},{"text":"2032,","start":5172.231,"end":5173.066},{"text":"this","start":5173.66,"end":5173.821},{"text":"asteroid","start":5173.901,"end":5174.254},{"text":"still","start":5174.254,"end":5174.72},{"text":"poses","start":5174.72,"end":5175.169},{"text":"a","start":5175.266,"end":5175.298},{"text":"potential","start":5175.298,"end":5175.796},{"text":"impact","start":5175.86,"end":5176.261},{"text":"risk","start":5176.261,"end":5176.63},{"text":"that","start":5176.887,"end":5177.016},{"text":"cannot","start":5177.048,"end":5177.369},{"text":"be","start":5177.369,"end":5177.514},{"text":"entirely","start":5177.514,"end":5178.06},{"text":"ruled","start":5178.156,"end":5178.397},{"text":"out.","start":5178.397,"end":5178.621}]},{"text":"This highlights the importance for enhanced vigilance and improved asteroid detection, tracking, and characterization capabilities throughout the globe.","start":5179.296,"end":5187.726,"topics":[{"key":"neo-monitoring","label":"NEO Monitoring and Early Warning","description":"A major theme was the detection, tracking, characterization, and risk assessment of near-Earth objects using ground-based and space-based systems. Several statements highlighted early warning thresholds, impact probability updates, and the recent case of asteroid 2024 YR4."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":5179.296,"end":5179.456},{"text":"highlights","start":5179.456,"end":5179.858},{"text":"the","start":5179.858,"end":5179.938},{"text":"importance","start":5179.938,"end":5180.532},{"text":"for","start":5180.661,"end":5180.805},{"text":"enhanced","start":5180.805,"end":5181.464},{"text":"vigilance","start":5181.624,"end":5182.363},{"text":"and","start":5182.668,"end":5182.732},{"text":"improved","start":5182.748,"end":5183.23},{"text":"asteroid","start":5183.294,"end":5183.856},{"text":"detection,","start":5183.856,"end":5184.402},{"text":"tracking,","start":5184.434,"end":5184.884},{"text":"and","start":5185.157,"end":5185.221},{"text":"characterization","start":5185.237,"end":5186.184},{"text":"capabilities","start":5186.184,"end":5186.891},{"text":"throughout","start":5187.083,"end":5187.404},{"text":"the","start":5187.404,"end":5187.485},{"text":"globe.","start":5187.485,"end":5187.726}]},{"text":"As our asteroid survey technology improves, thanks to advancements such as the deployment of ESA's Flyer telescope scope, we are likely to detect an increasing number of objects passing close to Earth that we would have missed in the past.","start":5188.833,"end":5201.681,"topics":[{"key":"neo-monitoring","label":"NEO Monitoring and Early Warning","description":"A major theme was the detection, tracking, characterization, and risk assessment of near-Earth objects using ground-based and space-based systems. Several statements highlighted early warning thresholds, impact probability updates, and the recent case of asteroid 2024 YR4."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":5188.833,"end":5188.898},{"text":"our","start":5189.01,"end":5189.235},{"text":"asteroid","start":5189.315,"end":5189.781},{"text":"survey","start":5189.797,"end":5190.086},{"text":"technology","start":5190.279,"end":5190.744},{"text":"improves,","start":5190.76,"end":5191.194},{"text":"thanks","start":5191.499,"end":5191.708},{"text":"to","start":5191.82,"end":5191.916},{"text":"advancements","start":5191.916,"end":5192.575},{"text":"such","start":5192.703,"end":5192.912},{"text":"as","start":5192.944,"end":5193.072},{"text":"the","start":5193.105,"end":5193.185},{"text":"deployment","start":5193.185,"end":5193.731},{"text":"of","start":5193.731,"end":5193.875},{"text":"ESA's","start":5193.907,"end":5194.164},{"text":"Flyer","start":5194.212,"end":5194.55},{"text":"telescope","start":5194.55,"end":5196.958},{"text":"scope,","start":5195.08,"end":5195.176},{"text":"we","start":5195.674,"end":5195.818},{"text":"are","start":5195.818,"end":5195.867},{"text":"likely","start":5195.899,"end":5196.236},{"text":"to","start":5196.236,"end":5196.397},{"text":"detect","start":5196.397,"end":5196.782},{"text":"an","start":5196.782,"end":5196.878},{"text":"increasing","start":5196.878,"end":5197.409},{"text":"number","start":5197.441,"end":5197.746},{"text":"of","start":5197.746,"end":5197.939},{"text":"objects","start":5198.003,"end":5198.565},{"text":"passing","start":5198.806,"end":5199.191},{"text":"close","start":5199.191,"end":5199.529},{"text":"to","start":5199.529,"end":5199.689},{"text":"Earth","start":5199.689,"end":5199.898},{"text":"that","start":5200.011,"end":5200.171},{"text":"we","start":5200.171,"end":5200.252},{"text":"would","start":5200.316,"end":5200.412},{"text":"have","start":5200.412,"end":5200.621},{"text":"missed","start":5200.717,"end":5200.99},{"text":"in","start":5200.99,"end":5201.055},{"text":"the","start":5201.055,"end":5201.199},{"text":"past.","start":5201.199,"end":5201.681}]},{"text":"This technological advance is crucial for our ongoing efforts in planetary defense and aligns perfectly with the objectives of the 2029 International Year of Asteroid Awareness and Planetary Defense.","start":5202.163,"end":5213.069,"topics":[{"key":"asteroid-awareness","label":"Asteroid Awareness","description":"Delegations repeatedly welcomed the designation of 2029 as the International Year of Asteroid Awareness and Planetary Defense. This topic centered on public education, outreach, scientific engagement, and using the close approach of Apophis to raise global awareness."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":5202.163,"end":5202.227},{"text":"technological","start":5202.404,"end":5203.078},{"text":"advance","start":5203.078,"end":5203.56},{"text":"is","start":5203.56,"end":5203.625},{"text":"crucial","start":5203.705,"end":5204.139},{"text":"for","start":5204.171,"end":5204.363},{"text":"our","start":5204.363,"end":5204.428},{"text":"ongoing","start":5204.428,"end":5204.861},{"text":"efforts","start":5204.99,"end":5205.375},{"text":"in","start":5205.375,"end":5205.536},{"text":"planetary","start":5205.536,"end":5205.954},{"text":"defense","start":5205.954,"end":5206.468},{"text":"and","start":5206.757,"end":5206.821},{"text":"aligns","start":5206.837,"end":5207.126},{"text":"perfectly","start":5207.222,"end":5207.736},{"text":"with","start":5208.122,"end":5208.283},{"text":"the","start":5208.283,"end":5208.411},{"text":"objectives","start":5208.427,"end":5208.893},{"text":"of","start":5209.005,"end":5209.086},{"text":"the","start":5209.086,"end":5209.23},{"text":"2029","start":5209.23,"end":5210.178},{"text":"International","start":5210.306,"end":5210.869},{"text":"Year","start":5210.933,"end":5211.093},{"text":"of","start":5211.093,"end":5211.222},{"text":"Asteroid","start":5211.318,"end":5211.72},{"text":"Awareness","start":5211.72,"end":5212.121},{"text":"and","start":5212.121,"end":5212.218},{"text":"Planetary","start":5212.218,"end":5212.619},{"text":"Defense.","start":5212.619,"end":5213.069}]},{"text":"In support of these efforts, ESA recently launched the Hera mission, which will fly by Mars on the 12th of March, by later conducting a post-impact survey of the asteroid Dimorphos, hit by NASA's DART impactor in 2022.","start":5214.145,"end":5227.972,"topics":[{"key":"asteroid-deflection","label":"Asteroid Deflection and Mitigation Missions","description":"Speakers discussed missions and technologies intended to understand or demonstrate how dangerous asteroids could be deflected. DART, Hera, and planned Apophis-related missions were presented as key steps in developing practical mitigation options."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":5214.145,"end":5214.226},{"text":"support","start":5214.226,"end":5214.643},{"text":"of","start":5214.643,"end":5214.756},{"text":"these","start":5214.788,"end":5214.916},{"text":"efforts,","start":5215.013,"end":5215.366},{"text":"ESA","start":5215.591,"end":5215.832},{"text":"recently","start":5215.832,"end":5216.362},{"text":"launched","start":5216.378,"end":5216.715},{"text":"the","start":5216.715,"end":5216.795},{"text":"Hera","start":5216.795,"end":5217.052},{"text":"mission,","start":5217.052,"end":5217.438},{"text":"which","start":5217.823,"end":5217.984},{"text":"will","start":5217.984,"end":5218.08},{"text":"fly","start":5218.08,"end":5218.321},{"text":"by","start":5218.321,"end":5218.418},{"text":"Mars","start":5218.418,"end":5218.771},{"text":"on","start":5218.884,"end":5218.964},{"text":"the","start":5218.964,"end":5219.108},{"text":"12th","start":5219.108,"end":5219.414},{"text":"of","start":5219.446,"end":5219.606},{"text":"March,","start":5219.606,"end":5219.895},{"text":"by","start":5220.57,"end":5220.715},{"text":"later","start":5220.715,"end":5220.972},{"text":"conducting","start":5220.94,"end":5221.421},{"text":"a","start":5221.774,"end":5221.791},{"text":"post-impact","start":5221.855,"end":5223.139},{"text":"survey","start":5223.139,"end":5223.701},{"text":"of","start":5223.846,"end":5223.91},{"text":"the","start":5223.942,"end":5224.071},{"text":"asteroid","start":5224.087,"end":5224.584},{"text":"Dimorphos,","start":5224.584,"end":5225.195},{"text":"hit","start":5225.451,"end":5225.692},{"text":"by","start":5225.692,"end":5225.724},{"text":"NASA's","start":5225.724,"end":5226.158},{"text":"DART","start":5226.254,"end":5226.575},{"text":"impactor","start":5226.591,"end":5226.993},{"text":"in","start":5226.993,"end":5227.041},{"text":"2022.","start":5227.153,"end":5227.972}]},{"text":"This mission demonstrates our dedication to global planetary defense efforts and improving our understanding of asteroids.","start":5228.759,"end":5236.193,"topics":[{"key":"asteroid-deflection","label":"Asteroid Deflection and Mitigation Missions","description":"Speakers discussed missions and technologies intended to understand or demonstrate how dangerous asteroids could be deflected. DART, Hera, and planned Apophis-related missions were presented as key steps in developing practical mitigation options."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":5228.759,"end":5228.92},{"text":"mission","start":5228.92,"end":5229.177},{"text":"demonstrates","start":5229.225,"end":5229.899},{"text":"our","start":5230.124,"end":5230.284},{"text":"dedication","start":5230.284,"end":5231.055},{"text":"to","start":5231.328,"end":5231.473},{"text":"global","start":5231.473,"end":5231.858},{"text":"planetary","start":5231.874,"end":5232.227},{"text":"defense","start":5232.227,"end":5232.661},{"text":"efforts","start":5232.998,"end":5233.303},{"text":"and","start":5233.961,"end":5234.042},{"text":"improving","start":5234.122,"end":5234.556},{"text":"our","start":5234.604,"end":5234.764},{"text":"understanding","start":5234.78,"end":5235.39},{"text":"of","start":5235.487,"end":5235.551},{"text":"asteroids.","start":5235.663,"end":5236.193}]},{"text":"Additionally, ESA has received permission to begin the preparatory work on the Rapid Upoffice Mission for Space Safety, RAMSES for short.","start":5237.654,"end":5245.619,"topics":[{"key":"asteroid-deflection","label":"Asteroid Deflection and Mitigation Missions","description":"Speakers discussed missions and technologies intended to understand or demonstrate how dangerous asteroids could be deflected. DART, Hera, and planned Apophis-related missions were presented as key steps in developing practical mitigation options."}],"words":[{"text":"Additionally,","start":5237.654,"end":5238.12},{"text":"ESA","start":5238.634,"end":5238.875},{"text":"has","start":5238.875,"end":5239.083},{"text":"received","start":5239.196,"end":5239.485},{"text":"permission","start":5239.597,"end":5240.127},{"text":"to","start":5240.175,"end":5240.32},{"text":"begin","start":5240.32,"end":5240.529},{"text":"the","start":5240.561,"end":5240.641},{"text":"preparatory","start":5240.705,"end":5241.412},{"text":"work","start":5241.508,"end":5241.781},{"text":"on","start":5242.022,"end":5242.086},{"text":"the","start":5242.086,"end":5242.166},{"text":"Rapid","start":5242.166,"end":5242.536},{"text":"Upoffice","start":5242.536,"end":5243.21},{"text":"Mission","start":5243.21,"end":5243.531},{"text":"for","start":5243.531,"end":5243.676},{"text":"Space","start":5243.676,"end":5243.933},{"text":"Safety,","start":5243.933,"end":5244.462},{"text":"RAMSES","start":5244.735,"end":5245.057},{"text":"for","start":5245.121,"end":5245.217},{"text":"short.","start":5245.217,"end":5245.619}]},{"text":"in the agency's next— which is the agency's next planetary defense mission.","start":5246.887,"end":5250.963,"topics":[{"key":"asteroid-deflection","label":"Asteroid Deflection and Mitigation Missions","description":"Speakers discussed missions and technologies intended to understand or demonstrate how dangerous asteroids could be deflected. DART, Hera, and planned Apophis-related missions were presented as key steps in developing practical mitigation options."}],"words":[{"text":"in","start":5246.887,"end":5246.951},{"text":"the","start":5247.063,"end":5247.208},{"text":"agency's","start":5247.224,"end":5247.85},{"text":"next—","start":5247.85,"end":5248.219},{"text":"which","start":5248.652,"end":5248.829},{"text":"is","start":5248.829,"end":5248.877},{"text":"the","start":5248.909,"end":5249.037},{"text":"agency's","start":5249.053,"end":5249.551},{"text":"next","start":5249.551,"end":5249.792},{"text":"planetary","start":5249.792,"end":5250.241},{"text":"defense","start":5250.273,"end":5250.738},{"text":"mission.","start":5250.738,"end":5250.963}]},{"text":"Ramses will rendezvous with the asteroid 99942 Apophis and accompany it through its safe but exceptionally close flyby of Earth in April 2029.","start":5251.573,"end":5261.796,"topics":[{"key":"asteroid-deflection","label":"Asteroid Deflection and Mitigation Missions","description":"Speakers discussed missions and technologies intended to understand or demonstrate how dangerous asteroids could be deflected. DART, Hera, and planned Apophis-related missions were presented as key steps in developing practical mitigation options."}],"words":[{"text":"Ramses","start":5251.573,"end":5251.974},{"text":"will","start":5252.103,"end":5252.199},{"text":"rendezvous","start":5252.263,"end":5252.745},{"text":"with","start":5252.761,"end":5252.921},{"text":"the","start":5252.921,"end":5253.033},{"text":"asteroid","start":5253.322,"end":5253.932},{"text":"99942","start":5253.964,"end":5255.152},{"text":"Apophis","start":5255.168,"end":5255.697},{"text":"and","start":5256.211,"end":5256.275},{"text":"accompany","start":5256.355,"end":5257.013},{"text":"it","start":5257.013,"end":5257.19},{"text":"through","start":5257.318,"end":5257.511},{"text":"its","start":5257.511,"end":5257.623},{"text":"safe","start":5257.639,"end":5257.928},{"text":"but","start":5258.137,"end":5258.297},{"text":"exceptionally","start":5258.297,"end":5258.987},{"text":"close","start":5259.02,"end":5259.341},{"text":"flyby","start":5259.405,"end":5259.806},{"text":"of","start":5259.886,"end":5260.079},{"text":"Earth","start":5260.079,"end":5260.271},{"text":"in","start":5260.319,"end":5260.4},{"text":"April","start":5260.608,"end":5260.865},{"text":"2029.","start":5260.929,"end":5261.796}]},{"text":"ESA's commitment to planetary defense is further strengthened through our collaboration with our space agencies— with other space agencies around the world, including our participation participation in the International Asteroid Warning Network and the Space Mission Planning Advisory Group.","start":5262.855,"end":5278.494,"topics":[{"key":"planetary-defense-cooperation","label":"Planetary Defense Cooperation","description":"Many speakers stressed that asteroid threats require coordinated international action through mechanisms such as IAWN, SMPAG, UNOOSA, and joint exercises. The discussion focused on sharing observations, aligning response procedures, and building common preparedness against impact risks."}],"words":[{"text":"ESA's","start":5262.855,"end":5263.112},{"text":"commitment","start":5263.112,"end":5263.69},{"text":"to","start":5263.69,"end":5263.834},{"text":"planetary","start":5263.834,"end":5264.235},{"text":"defense","start":5264.235,"end":5264.749},{"text":"is","start":5264.893,"end":5264.974},{"text":"further","start":5265.022,"end":5265.278},{"text":"strengthened","start":5265.278,"end":5265.84},{"text":"through","start":5265.84,"end":5266.129},{"text":"our","start":5266.145,"end":5266.241},{"text":"collaboration","start":5266.241,"end":5267.012},{"text":"with","start":5267.044,"end":5267.204},{"text":"our","start":5267.204,"end":5267.349},{"text":"space","start":5267.349,"end":5267.638},{"text":"agencies—","start":5267.83,"end":5268.296},{"text":"with","start":5268.809,"end":5269.05},{"text":"other","start":5269.05,"end":5269.226},{"text":"space","start":5269.226,"end":5269.804},{"text":"agencies","start":5269.997,"end":5270.462},{"text":"around","start":5270.575,"end":5270.815},{"text":"the","start":5270.815,"end":5270.944},{"text":"world,","start":5270.96,"end":5271.265},{"text":"including","start":5271.939,"end":5272.468},{"text":"our","start":5272.484,"end":5272.581},{"text":"participation","start":5272.581,"end":5274.779},{"text":"participation","start":5272.87,"end":5273.446},{"text":"in","start":5273.446,"end":5273.527},{"text":"the","start":5273.527,"end":5273.623},{"text":"International","start":5273.623,"end":5274.344},{"text":"Asteroid","start":5274.344,"end":5274.809},{"text":"Warning","start":5274.809,"end":5275.065},{"text":"Network","start":5275.065,"end":5275.53},{"text":"and","start":5275.786,"end":5275.93},{"text":"the","start":5275.93,"end":5275.994},{"text":"Space","start":5276.01,"end":5276.443},{"text":"Mission","start":5277.052,"end":5277.437},{"text":"Planning","start":5277.453,"end":5277.725},{"text":"Advisory","start":5277.773,"end":5278.334},{"text":"Group.","start":5278.334,"end":5278.494}]},{"text":"By working together, we pool our resources, share our expertise, and develop coordinated strategies to address the threat of asteroid impacts, which affects all people everywhere.","start":5279.151,"end":5290.689,"topics":[{"key":"planetary-defense-cooperation","label":"Planetary Defense Cooperation","description":"Many speakers stressed that asteroid threats require coordinated international action through mechanisms such as IAWN, SMPAG, UNOOSA, and joint exercises. The discussion focused on sharing observations, aligning response procedures, and building common preparedness against impact risks."}],"words":[{"text":"By","start":5279.151,"end":5279.231},{"text":"working","start":5279.295,"end":5279.6},{"text":"together,","start":5279.696,"end":5280.113},{"text":"we","start":5280.257,"end":5280.353},{"text":"pool","start":5280.353,"end":5280.61},{"text":"our","start":5280.61,"end":5280.754},{"text":"resources,","start":5280.754,"end":5281.411},{"text":"share","start":5282.02,"end":5282.212},{"text":"our","start":5282.212,"end":5282.436},{"text":"expertise,","start":5282.5,"end":5283.125},{"text":"and","start":5283.718,"end":5283.782},{"text":"develop","start":5283.863,"end":5284.279},{"text":"coordinated","start":5284.279,"end":5284.984},{"text":"strategies","start":5284.984,"end":5285.609},{"text":"to","start":5286.106,"end":5286.154},{"text":"address","start":5286.186,"end":5286.475},{"text":"the","start":5286.667,"end":5286.747},{"text":"threat","start":5286.747,"end":5287.084},{"text":"of","start":5287.084,"end":5287.212},{"text":"asteroid","start":5287.308,"end":5287.773},{"text":"impacts,","start":5287.805,"end":5288.398},{"text":"which","start":5288.606,"end":5288.734},{"text":"affects","start":5288.83,"end":5289.327},{"text":"all","start":5289.407,"end":5289.519},{"text":"people","start":5289.631,"end":5290.032},{"text":"everywhere.","start":5290.192,"end":5290.689}]},{"text":"This international cooperation is essential for enhancing our collective ability to detect, to track, and to mitigate potential as it's close by near-Earth objects.","start":5291.635,"end":5300.639,"topics":[{"key":"planetary-defense-cooperation","label":"Planetary Defense Cooperation","description":"Many speakers stressed that asteroid threats require coordinated international action through mechanisms such as IAWN, SMPAG, UNOOSA, and joint exercises. The discussion focused on sharing observations, aligning response procedures, and building common preparedness against impact risks."},{"key":"neo-monitoring","label":"NEO Monitoring and Early Warning","description":"A major theme was the detection, tracking, characterization, and risk assessment of near-Earth objects using ground-based and space-based systems. Several statements highlighted early warning thresholds, impact probability updates, and the recent case of asteroid 2024 YR4."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":5291.635,"end":5291.699},{"text":"international","start":5291.811,"end":5292.372},{"text":"cooperation","start":5292.372,"end":5293.029},{"text":"is","start":5293.157,"end":5293.221},{"text":"essential","start":5293.269,"end":5293.782},{"text":"for","start":5293.814,"end":5293.974},{"text":"enhancing","start":5293.974,"end":5294.583},{"text":"our","start":5294.679,"end":5294.775},{"text":"collective","start":5294.775,"end":5295.272},{"text":"ability","start":5295.272,"end":5295.865},{"text":"to","start":5295.977,"end":5296.122},{"text":"detect,","start":5296.122,"end":5296.618},{"text":"to","start":5296.682,"end":5296.843},{"text":"track,","start":5296.843,"end":5297.163},{"text":"and","start":5297.179,"end":5297.323},{"text":"to","start":5297.323,"end":5297.436},{"text":"mitigate","start":5297.484,"end":5298.029},{"text":"potential","start":5298.061,"end":5298.718},{"text":"as","start":5298.702,"end":5298.75},{"text":"it's","start":5298.766,"end":5298.944},{"text":"close","start":5298.944,"end":5299.331},{"text":"by","start":5299.331,"end":5299.38},{"text":"near-Earth","start":5299.412,"end":5299.88},{"text":"objects.","start":5300.074,"end":5300.639}]},{"text":"Distinguished Chair, distinguished delegates, please let me conclude by underlining ESA's continued commitment to advancing our understanding of asteroids and our planetary defense capabilities in collaboration with our international partners for a safer future.","start":5300.961,"end":5315.944,"topics":[{"key":"planetary-defense-cooperation","label":"Planetary Defense Cooperation","description":"Many speakers stressed that asteroid threats require coordinated international action through mechanisms such as IAWN, SMPAG, UNOOSA, and joint exercises. The discussion focused on sharing observations, aligning response procedures, and building common preparedness against impact risks."}],"words":[{"text":"Distinguished","start":5300.961,"end":5301.51},{"text":"Chair,","start":5301.51,"end":5301.865},{"text":"distinguished","start":5302.091,"end":5302.608},{"text":"delegates,","start":5302.608,"end":5303.157},{"text":"please","start":5303.689,"end":5303.834},{"text":"let","start":5303.931,"end":5304.109},{"text":"me","start":5304.109,"end":5304.19},{"text":"conclude","start":5304.19,"end":5304.738},{"text":"by","start":5304.738,"end":5304.771},{"text":"underlining","start":5304.835,"end":5305.368},{"text":"ESA's","start":5305.497,"end":5305.884},{"text":"continued","start":5305.884,"end":5306.449},{"text":"commitment","start":5306.514,"end":5307.079},{"text":"to","start":5307.321,"end":5307.385},{"text":"advancing","start":5307.418,"end":5307.87},{"text":"our","start":5307.982,"end":5308.127},{"text":"understanding","start":5308.143,"end":5308.754},{"text":"of","start":5308.867,"end":5308.995},{"text":"asteroids","start":5309.028,"end":5309.639},{"text":"and","start":5309.993,"end":5310.057},{"text":"our","start":5310.089,"end":5310.153},{"text":"planetary","start":5310.153,"end":5310.636},{"text":"defense","start":5310.636,"end":5311.054},{"text":"capabilities","start":5311.118,"end":5311.81},{"text":"in","start":5312.325,"end":5312.389},{"text":"collaboration","start":5312.389,"end":5313.225},{"text":"with","start":5313.37,"end":5313.547},{"text":"our","start":5313.547,"end":5313.676},{"text":"international","start":5313.692,"end":5314.319},{"text":"partners","start":5314.319,"end":5314.705},{"text":"for","start":5314.882,"end":5315.075},{"text":"a","start":5315.075,"end":5315.123},{"text":"safer","start":5315.123,"end":5315.477},{"text":"future.","start":5315.526,"end":5315.944}]},{"text":"Thank you very much.","start":5316.249,"end":5316.973,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":5316.249,"end":5316.491},{"text":"you","start":5316.491,"end":5316.523},{"text":"very","start":5316.523,"end":5316.748},{"text":"much.","start":5316.748,"end":5316.973}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"ESA","affiliation_full":"ESA","group":null,"function":"Observer"}},{"statement_number":31,"start":5318.502,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1a/k1ad4k1m9e?t=5319","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished observer for European Space Agency for the statement.","start":5318.502,"end":5322.26,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":5318.502,"end":5318.567},{"text":"thank","start":5318.567,"end":5318.746},{"text":"the","start":5318.746,"end":5318.892},{"text":"distinguished","start":5318.892,"end":5319.413},{"text":"observer","start":5319.413,"end":5319.885},{"text":"for","start":5319.885,"end":5320.129},{"text":"European","start":5320.129,"end":5320.568},{"text":"Space","start":5320.6,"end":5320.942},{"text":"Agency","start":5320.942,"end":5321.349},{"text":"for","start":5321.349,"end":5321.576},{"text":"the","start":5321.576,"end":5321.674},{"text":"statement.","start":5321.674,"end":5322.26}]},{"text":"We have concluded our consideration Distinguished delegates, I would now like to begin our consideration of Agenda Item 10, Long-Term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities.","start":5322.894,"end":5337.097,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":5322.894,"end":5322.975},{"text":"have","start":5322.975,"end":5323.187},{"text":"concluded","start":5323.219,"end":5323.854},{"text":"our","start":5323.854,"end":5324.033},{"text":"consideration","start":5324.033,"end":5326.44},{"text":"Distinguished","start":5328.654,"end":5329.138},{"text":"delegates,","start":5329.138,"end":5329.865},{"text":"I","start":5330.575,"end":5330.591},{"text":"would","start":5330.591,"end":5330.753},{"text":"now","start":5330.753,"end":5330.85},{"text":"like","start":5330.914,"end":5331.221},{"text":"to","start":5331.221,"end":5331.334},{"text":"begin","start":5331.382,"end":5331.705},{"text":"our","start":5331.705,"end":5331.947},{"text":"consideration","start":5331.947,"end":5332.69},{"text":"of","start":5332.69,"end":5332.787},{"text":"Agenda","start":5332.787,"end":5333.239},{"text":"Item","start":5333.32,"end":5333.691},{"text":"10,","start":5333.723,"end":5333.933},{"text":"Long-Term","start":5334.466,"end":5334.966},{"text":"Sustainability","start":5334.966,"end":5335.741},{"text":"of","start":5335.741,"end":5335.79},{"text":"Outer","start":5335.903,"end":5336.145},{"text":"Space","start":5336.145,"end":5336.548},{"text":"Activities.","start":5336.548,"end":5337.097}]},{"text":"The first speaker on my list is the distinguished representative of Spain.","start":5338.27,"end":5342.021,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":5338.27,"end":5338.302},{"text":"first","start":5338.302,"end":5338.645},{"text":"speaker","start":5338.661,"end":5338.955},{"text":"on","start":5338.955,"end":5339.118},{"text":"my","start":5339.118,"end":5339.265},{"text":"list","start":5339.265,"end":5339.607},{"text":"is","start":5339.607,"end":5339.656},{"text":"the","start":5339.754,"end":5339.836},{"text":"distinguished","start":5339.836,"end":5340.423},{"text":"representative","start":5340.423,"end":5341.287},{"text":"of","start":5341.467,"end":5341.532},{"text":"Spain.","start":5341.548,"end":5342.021}]},{"text":"You have the floor.","start":5342.136,"end":5342.968,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"You","start":5342.136,"end":5342.266},{"text":"have","start":5342.282,"end":5342.478},{"text":"the","start":5342.478,"end":5342.609},{"text":"floor.","start":5342.609,"end":5342.968}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"COPUOS","affiliation_full":"COPUOS","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":32,"start":5348.324,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1a/k1ad4k1m9e?t=5349","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Madam President. Madam Chair, distinguished delegates.","start":5348.324,"end":5352.842,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":5348.324,"end":5348.495},{"text":"you,","start":5348.495,"end":5348.529},{"text":"Madam","start":5348.546,"end":5348.683},{"text":"President.","start":5348.683,"end":5349.351},{"text":"Madam","start":5350.899,"end":5351.191},{"text":"Chair,","start":5351.207,"end":5351.676},{"text":"distinguished","start":5351.806,"end":5352.226},{"text":"delegates.","start":5352.226,"end":5352.842}]},{"text":"Spain would like to express its commitment to the 21 sustainability— long-term sustainability guidelines and the work carried out in the dedicated working group under the leadership of Mr. Dr. Umama Heswaran.","start":5353.877,"end":5367.512,"topics":[{"key":"space-sustainability","label":"Long-Term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities","description":"Several delegations emphasized implementation of the COPUOS Long-Term Sustainability Guidelines and the need for continued work beyond the current mandate. The topic included national laws, reporting on implementation, information-sharing tools, and preserving space for future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"Spain","start":5353.877,"end":5354.185},{"text":"would","start":5354.217,"end":5354.363},{"text":"like","start":5354.363,"end":5354.622},{"text":"to","start":5354.622,"end":5354.719},{"text":"express","start":5354.768,"end":5355.107},{"text":"its","start":5355.107,"end":5355.269},{"text":"commitment","start":5355.269,"end":5355.998},{"text":"to","start":5355.998,"end":5356.24},{"text":"the","start":5356.24,"end":5356.467},{"text":"21","start":5356.467,"end":5357.098},{"text":"sustainability—","start":5357.131,"end":5357.907},{"text":"long-term","start":5358.183,"end":5358.522},{"text":"sustainability","start":5358.522,"end":5358.96},{"text":"guidelines","start":5359.461,"end":5360.01},{"text":"and","start":5360.512,"end":5360.592},{"text":"the","start":5360.673,"end":5360.738},{"text":"work","start":5360.77,"end":5361.078},{"text":"carried","start":5361.482,"end":5361.886},{"text":"out","start":5361.886,"end":5362.08},{"text":"in","start":5362.209,"end":5362.258},{"text":"the","start":5362.452,"end":5362.646},{"text":"dedicated","start":5362.694,"end":5363.163},{"text":"working","start":5363.196,"end":5363.487},{"text":"group","start":5363.519,"end":5363.826},{"text":"under","start":5363.826,"end":5364.085},{"text":"the","start":5364.085,"end":5364.23},{"text":"leadership","start":5364.247,"end":5364.845},{"text":"of","start":5364.877,"end":5364.942},{"text":"Mr.","start":5365.039,"end":5365.297},{"text":"Dr.","start":5365.378,"end":5365.782},{"text":"Umama","start":5366.268,"end":5366.785},{"text":"Heswaran.","start":5367.076,"end":5367.512}]},{"text":"Spain is working on a space law that encompasses the goals and priorities of these guidelines.","start":5369.152,"end":5376.699,"topics":[{"key":"space-sustainability","label":"Long-Term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities","description":"Several delegations emphasized implementation of the COPUOS Long-Term Sustainability Guidelines and the need for continued work beyond the current mandate. The topic included national laws, reporting on implementation, information-sharing tools, and preserving space for future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"Spain","start":5369.152,"end":5369.523},{"text":"is","start":5369.619,"end":5369.684},{"text":"working","start":5369.716,"end":5370.087},{"text":"on","start":5370.587,"end":5370.732},{"text":"a","start":5370.845,"end":5370.893},{"text":"space","start":5370.926,"end":5371.297},{"text":"law","start":5371.393,"end":5371.522},{"text":"that","start":5371.651,"end":5371.796},{"text":"encompasses","start":5371.796,"end":5372.506},{"text":"the","start":5373.248,"end":5373.457},{"text":"goals","start":5374.538,"end":5374.844},{"text":"and","start":5375.199,"end":5375.264},{"text":"priorities","start":5375.28,"end":5375.812},{"text":"of","start":5375.925,"end":5376.022},{"text":"these","start":5376.086,"end":5376.215},{"text":"guidelines.","start":5376.328,"end":5376.699}]},{"text":"We therefore support the creation of a new working group once the current mandate is over, and we are proud to co-sponsor the conference room paper on this topic.","start":5377.995,"end":5388.753,"topics":[{"key":"space-sustainability","label":"Long-Term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities","description":"Several delegations emphasized implementation of the COPUOS Long-Term Sustainability Guidelines and the need for continued work beyond the current mandate. The topic included national laws, reporting on implementation, information-sharing tools, and preserving space for future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":5377.995,"end":5378.075},{"text":"therefore","start":5378.075,"end":5378.396},{"text":"support","start":5378.396,"end":5378.798},{"text":"the","start":5378.798,"end":5378.878},{"text":"creation","start":5378.878,"end":5379.247},{"text":"of","start":5379.44,"end":5379.569},{"text":"a","start":5379.601,"end":5379.617},{"text":"new","start":5379.617,"end":5379.858},{"text":"working","start":5379.986,"end":5380.291},{"text":"group","start":5380.323,"end":5380.66},{"text":"once","start":5381.19,"end":5381.527},{"text":"the","start":5381.527,"end":5381.624},{"text":"current","start":5381.624,"end":5381.897},{"text":"mandate","start":5381.929,"end":5382.427},{"text":"is","start":5382.475,"end":5382.539},{"text":"over,","start":5382.716,"end":5383.005},{"text":"and","start":5383.679,"end":5383.984},{"text":"we","start":5384.08,"end":5384.273},{"text":"are","start":5384.482,"end":5384.659},{"text":"proud","start":5384.659,"end":5385.204},{"text":"to","start":5385.204,"end":5385.429},{"text":"co-sponsor","start":5385.461,"end":5386.409},{"text":"the","start":5386.569,"end":5386.778},{"text":"conference","start":5386.906,"end":5387.372},{"text":"room","start":5387.372,"end":5387.613},{"text":"paper","start":5387.613,"end":5387.998},{"text":"on","start":5388.03,"end":5388.079},{"text":"this","start":5388.111,"end":5388.271},{"text":"topic.","start":5388.271,"end":5388.753}]},{"text":"We would like to highlight that our approach to sustainability is not focused only on space, but is also related to Earth and ensures that space products and services directly contribute to tackling the most urgent current challenges we face.","start":5390.198,"end":5405.484,"topics":[{"key":"space-sustainability","label":"Long-Term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities","description":"Several delegations emphasized implementation of the COPUOS Long-Term Sustainability Guidelines and the need for continued work beyond the current mandate. The topic included national laws, reporting on implementation, information-sharing tools, and preserving space for future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":5390.198,"end":5390.246},{"text":"would","start":5390.246,"end":5390.423},{"text":"like","start":5390.423,"end":5390.583},{"text":"to","start":5390.583,"end":5390.648},{"text":"highlight","start":5390.664,"end":5391.242},{"text":"that","start":5391.242,"end":5391.386},{"text":"our","start":5391.467,"end":5391.804},{"text":"approach","start":5391.948,"end":5392.334},{"text":"to","start":5392.51,"end":5392.623},{"text":"sustainability","start":5392.623,"end":5393.538},{"text":"is","start":5394.052,"end":5394.18},{"text":"not","start":5394.196,"end":5394.309},{"text":"focused","start":5394.309,"end":5394.694},{"text":"only","start":5394.758,"end":5394.903},{"text":"on","start":5394.919,"end":5395.015},{"text":"space,","start":5395.015,"end":5395.368},{"text":"but","start":5395.561,"end":5396.3},{"text":"is","start":5396.364,"end":5396.428},{"text":"also","start":5396.524,"end":5397.102},{"text":"related","start":5397.102,"end":5397.584},{"text":"to","start":5397.584,"end":5397.809},{"text":"Earth","start":5397.969,"end":5398.194},{"text":"and","start":5398.869,"end":5398.933},{"text":"ensures","start":5398.949,"end":5399.398},{"text":"that","start":5399.415,"end":5399.463},{"text":"space","start":5399.463,"end":5399.752},{"text":"products","start":5399.752,"end":5399.993},{"text":"and","start":5399.993,"end":5400.073},{"text":"services","start":5400.089,"end":5400.683},{"text":"directly","start":5401.052,"end":5401.518},{"text":"contribute","start":5401.518,"end":5402.192},{"text":"to","start":5402.305,"end":5402.578},{"text":"tackling","start":5402.53,"end":5402.851},{"text":"the","start":5403.124,"end":5403.284},{"text":"most","start":5403.284,"end":5403.573},{"text":"urgent","start":5403.75,"end":5404.167},{"text":"current","start":5404.167,"end":5404.633},{"text":"challenges","start":5404.633,"end":5405.018},{"text":"we","start":5405.05,"end":5405.195},{"text":"face.","start":5405.195,"end":5405.484}]},{"text":"Using space technology, we seek to improve our understanding of the environment and its complex dynamics.","start":5406.239,"end":5411.489,"topics":[{"key":"space-sustainability","label":"Long-Term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities","description":"Several delegations emphasized implementation of the COPUOS Long-Term Sustainability Guidelines and the need for continued work beyond the current mandate. The topic included national laws, reporting on implementation, information-sharing tools, and preserving space for future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"Using","start":5406.239,"end":5406.544},{"text":"space","start":5406.576,"end":5406.849},{"text":"technology,","start":5406.897,"end":5407.523},{"text":"we","start":5407.603,"end":5407.7},{"text":"seek","start":5407.7,"end":5408.085},{"text":"to","start":5408.085,"end":5408.197},{"text":"improve","start":5408.197,"end":5408.808},{"text":"our","start":5408.808,"end":5408.92},{"text":"understanding","start":5409.048,"end":5409.546},{"text":"of","start":5409.627,"end":5409.707},{"text":"the","start":5409.707,"end":5409.787},{"text":"environment","start":5409.787,"end":5410.333},{"text":"and","start":5410.349,"end":5410.413},{"text":"its","start":5410.413,"end":5410.494},{"text":"complex","start":5410.51,"end":5410.911},{"text":"dynamics.","start":5410.911,"end":5411.489}]},{"text":"This knowledge will play a key role in better managing and mitigating environmental problems on Earth.","start":5412.099,"end":5419.71,"topics":[{"key":"space-sustainability","label":"Long-Term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities","description":"Several delegations emphasized implementation of the COPUOS Long-Term Sustainability Guidelines and the need for continued work beyond the current mandate. The topic included national laws, reporting on implementation, information-sharing tools, and preserving space for future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":5412.099,"end":5412.292},{"text":"knowledge","start":5412.533,"end":5413.127},{"text":"will","start":5414.122,"end":5414.267},{"text":"play","start":5414.347,"end":5414.7},{"text":"a","start":5415.166,"end":5415.182},{"text":"key","start":5415.311,"end":5415.632},{"text":"role","start":5415.632,"end":5415.856},{"text":"in","start":5416.37,"end":5416.499},{"text":"better","start":5416.595,"end":5416.868},{"text":"managing","start":5416.868,"end":5417.382},{"text":"and","start":5417.414,"end":5417.494},{"text":"mitigating","start":5417.494,"end":5418.185},{"text":"environmental","start":5418.377,"end":5419.004},{"text":"problems","start":5419.004,"end":5419.405},{"text":"on","start":5419.405,"end":5419.566},{"text":"Earth.","start":5419.566,"end":5419.71}]},{"text":"Moreover, we are working to minimize the environmental impact of space activities, since launching— from launching satellites to eliminating space debris.","start":5420.77,"end":5429.888,"topics":[{"key":"space-sustainability","label":"Long-Term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities","description":"Several delegations emphasized implementation of the COPUOS Long-Term Sustainability Guidelines and the need for continued work beyond the current mandate. The topic included national laws, reporting on implementation, information-sharing tools, and preserving space for future generations."},{"key":"space-debris","label":"Space Debris Mitigation and Removal","description":"A recurring concern was the growing debris environment and the need to prevent new debris, improve post-mission disposal, and develop active debris removal. Speakers also referred to design-for-demise, passivation, and ambitious initiatives such as zero-debris approaches."}],"words":[{"text":"Moreover,","start":5420.77,"end":5421.268},{"text":"we","start":5421.332,"end":5421.428},{"text":"are","start":5421.428,"end":5421.573},{"text":"working","start":5421.573,"end":5421.894},{"text":"to","start":5421.99,"end":5422.151},{"text":"minimize","start":5422.151,"end":5422.681},{"text":"the","start":5422.777,"end":5422.873},{"text":"environmental","start":5422.873,"end":5423.371},{"text":"impact","start":5423.371,"end":5423.772},{"text":"of","start":5423.772,"end":5423.837},{"text":"space","start":5423.837,"end":5424.222},{"text":"activities,","start":5424.222,"end":5424.768},{"text":"since","start":5425.458,"end":5425.844},{"text":"launching—","start":5425.908,"end":5426.293},{"text":"from","start":5426.341,"end":5426.47},{"text":"launching","start":5426.55,"end":5426.839},{"text":"satellites","start":5426.887,"end":5427.562},{"text":"to","start":5427.61,"end":5427.819},{"text":"eliminating","start":5428.293,"end":5428.905},{"text":"space","start":5429.002,"end":5429.292},{"text":"debris.","start":5429.405,"end":5429.888}]},{"text":"Our goal is that each step we take in exploring space respects and protects our planet.","start":5430.049,"end":5434.754,"topics":[{"key":"space-sustainability","label":"Long-Term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities","description":"Several delegations emphasized implementation of the COPUOS Long-Term Sustainability Guidelines and the need for continued work beyond the current mandate. The topic included national laws, reporting on implementation, information-sharing tools, and preserving space for future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"Our","start":5430.049,"end":5430.275},{"text":"goal","start":5430.307,"end":5430.42},{"text":"is","start":5430.629,"end":5430.758},{"text":"that","start":5430.79,"end":5431.016},{"text":"each","start":5431.097,"end":5431.161},{"text":"step","start":5431.209,"end":5431.612},{"text":"we","start":5431.741,"end":5431.838},{"text":"take","start":5431.902,"end":5432.257},{"text":"in","start":5432.257,"end":5432.386},{"text":"exploring","start":5432.386,"end":5432.772},{"text":"space","start":5432.885,"end":5433.175},{"text":"respects","start":5433.288,"end":5433.691},{"text":"and","start":5433.691,"end":5433.755},{"text":"protects","start":5433.755,"end":5434.239},{"text":"our","start":5434.239,"end":5434.335},{"text":"planet.","start":5434.335,"end":5434.754}]},{"text":"We are also prioritising support for the UN SDGs.","start":5435.544,"end":5440.166,"topics":[{"key":"space-sustainability","label":"Long-Term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities","description":"Several delegations emphasized implementation of the COPUOS Long-Term Sustainability Guidelines and the need for continued work beyond the current mandate. The topic included national laws, reporting on implementation, information-sharing tools, and preserving space for future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":5435.544,"end":5435.785},{"text":"are","start":5436.011,"end":5436.172},{"text":"also","start":5436.172,"end":5436.478},{"text":"prioritising","start":5436.64,"end":5437.606},{"text":"support","start":5437.799,"end":5438.443},{"text":"for","start":5438.443,"end":5438.717},{"text":"the","start":5438.926,"end":5439.071},{"text":"UN","start":5439.151,"end":5439.361},{"text":"SDGs.","start":5439.554,"end":5440.166}]},{"text":"For us, sustainability in space, in outer space, is a fundamental pillar of our strategy, and as we continue exploring space, we are dedicated to promoting a safe and sustainable space environment.","start":5442.371,"end":5453.695,"topics":[{"key":"space-sustainability","label":"Long-Term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities","description":"Several delegations emphasized implementation of the COPUOS Long-Term Sustainability Guidelines and the need for continued work beyond the current mandate. The topic included national laws, reporting on implementation, information-sharing tools, and preserving space for future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"For","start":5442.371,"end":5442.565},{"text":"us,","start":5442.613,"end":5442.758},{"text":"sustainability","start":5443.096,"end":5443.837},{"text":"in","start":5443.837,"end":5443.885},{"text":"space,","start":5443.981,"end":5444.352},{"text":"in","start":5444.964,"end":5445.109},{"text":"outer","start":5445.109,"end":5445.302},{"text":"space,","start":5445.302,"end":5445.575},{"text":"is","start":5445.688,"end":5445.736},{"text":"a","start":5445.785,"end":5445.801},{"text":"fundamental","start":5445.849,"end":5446.252},{"text":"pillar","start":5446.252,"end":5446.382},{"text":"of","start":5446.398,"end":5446.447},{"text":"our","start":5446.447,"end":5446.511},{"text":"strategy,","start":5446.511,"end":5446.982},{"text":"and","start":5447.614,"end":5448.003},{"text":"as","start":5449.398,"end":5449.463},{"text":"we","start":5449.495,"end":5449.592},{"text":"continue","start":5449.592,"end":5450.208},{"text":"exploring","start":5450.306,"end":5450.76},{"text":"space,","start":5450.792,"end":5451.116},{"text":"we","start":5451.198,"end":5451.343},{"text":"are","start":5451.36,"end":5451.392},{"text":"dedicated","start":5451.392,"end":5451.911},{"text":"to","start":5451.911,"end":5452.008},{"text":"promoting","start":5452.008,"end":5452.462},{"text":"a","start":5452.657,"end":5452.673},{"text":"safe","start":5452.673,"end":5452.965},{"text":"and","start":5452.965,"end":5453.046},{"text":"sustainable","start":5453.046,"end":5453.354},{"text":"space","start":5453.354,"end":5453.484},{"text":"environment.","start":5453.484,"end":5453.695}]},{"text":"environment.","start":5453.962,"end":5454.187,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"environment.","start":5453.962,"end":5454.187}]},{"text":"This implies considering not only the current benefits of space activities but also how to preserve space resources for future generations, guaranteeing sustainability both on Earth as in space.","start":5454.606,"end":5465.315,"topics":[{"key":"space-sustainability","label":"Long-Term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities","description":"Several delegations emphasized implementation of the COPUOS Long-Term Sustainability Guidelines and the need for continued work beyond the current mandate. The topic included national laws, reporting on implementation, information-sharing tools, and preserving space for future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":5454.606,"end":5454.799},{"text":"implies","start":5454.928,"end":5455.218},{"text":"considering","start":5455.314,"end":5455.733},{"text":"not","start":5455.733,"end":5455.878},{"text":"only","start":5455.878,"end":5456.055},{"text":"the","start":5456.442,"end":5456.506},{"text":"current","start":5456.522,"end":5456.747},{"text":"benefits","start":5456.86,"end":5457.359},{"text":"of","start":5457.359,"end":5457.424},{"text":"space","start":5457.424,"end":5457.746},{"text":"activities","start":5457.746,"end":5458.277},{"text":"but","start":5458.309,"end":5458.47},{"text":"also","start":5458.551,"end":5458.841},{"text":"how","start":5458.873,"end":5458.97},{"text":"to","start":5459.098,"end":5459.195},{"text":"preserve","start":5459.195,"end":5459.726},{"text":"space","start":5460.097,"end":5460.419},{"text":"resources","start":5460.805,"end":5461.224},{"text":"for","start":5461.272,"end":5461.353},{"text":"future","start":5461.369,"end":5461.61},{"text":"generations,","start":5461.61,"end":5462.158},{"text":"guaranteeing","start":5462.238,"end":5462.705},{"text":"sustainability","start":5462.754,"end":5463.35},{"text":"both","start":5463.382,"end":5463.593},{"text":"on","start":5463.626,"end":5463.674},{"text":"Earth","start":5463.853,"end":5463.999},{"text":"as","start":5464.584,"end":5464.73},{"text":"in","start":5464.779,"end":5464.925},{"text":"space.","start":5464.925,"end":5465.315}]},{"text":"We therefore hope to have a positive impact and a lasting impact in the future.","start":5465.412,"end":5469.05,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":5465.412,"end":5465.558},{"text":"therefore","start":5465.558,"end":5465.883},{"text":"hope","start":5465.883,"end":5466.143},{"text":"to","start":5466.143,"end":5466.273},{"text":"have","start":5466.289,"end":5466.549},{"text":"a","start":5466.549,"end":5466.565},{"text":"positive","start":5466.63,"end":5467.036},{"text":"impact","start":5467.036,"end":5467.588},{"text":"and","start":5467.604,"end":5467.669},{"text":"a","start":5467.751,"end":5467.767},{"text":"lasting","start":5467.832,"end":5468.124},{"text":"impact","start":5468.173,"end":5468.514},{"text":"in","start":5468.514,"end":5468.644},{"text":"the","start":5468.644,"end":5468.709},{"text":"future.","start":5468.725,"end":5469.05}]},{"text":"Spain, through the Spanish Space Agency, is a founding and coordinating member of the EUSST European initiative, which has been in operation since 2016, providing collision prevention services, fragmentation in orbit analysis, and re-entry, with the goal of protecting European space infrastructure.","start":5471.519,"end":5489.517,"topics":[{"key":"space-traffic-management","label":"Space Traffic Management and Space Situational Awareness","description":"Delegations highlighted the importance of tracking objects in orbit, issuing conjunction warnings, and coordinating maneuvers in an increasingly crowded space environment. The discussion covered national and regional surveillance systems, data sharing, and governance frameworks for safer operations."},{"key":"space-debris","label":"Space Debris Mitigation and Removal","description":"A recurring concern was the growing debris environment and the need to prevent new debris, improve post-mission disposal, and develop active debris removal. Speakers also referred to design-for-demise, passivation, and ambitious initiatives such as zero-debris approaches."},{"key":"reentry-safety","label":"Reentry Safety","description":"Several statements focused on the risks posed by spacecraft and rocket bodies reentering the atmosphere, including fragmentation, ground safety, and effects on air and maritime traffic. Speakers described observation campaigns and modeling efforts to improve predictions and support safer spacecraft design and disposal."}],"words":[{"text":"Spain,","start":5471.519,"end":5471.874},{"text":"through","start":5472.067,"end":5472.357},{"text":"the","start":5472.373,"end":5472.47},{"text":"Spanish","start":5472.47,"end":5472.744},{"text":"Space","start":5472.97,"end":5473.357},{"text":"Agency,","start":5473.357,"end":5473.808},{"text":"is","start":5474.066,"end":5474.131},{"text":"a","start":5474.163,"end":5474.227},{"text":"founding","start":5474.227,"end":5474.614},{"text":"and","start":5474.646,"end":5474.727},{"text":"coordinating","start":5474.727,"end":5475.259},{"text":"member","start":5475.291,"end":5475.597},{"text":"of","start":5475.678,"end":5475.791},{"text":"the","start":5475.791,"end":5475.92},{"text":"EUSST","start":5476.162,"end":5476.823},{"text":"European","start":5476.968,"end":5477.387},{"text":"initiative,","start":5477.387,"end":5477.919},{"text":"which","start":5478.338,"end":5478.499},{"text":"has","start":5478.499,"end":5478.564},{"text":"been","start":5478.676,"end":5478.902},{"text":"in","start":5478.902,"end":5478.999},{"text":"operation","start":5478.999,"end":5479.434},{"text":"since","start":5479.45,"end":5479.642},{"text":"2016,","start":5479.642,"end":5480.413},{"text":"providing","start":5480.525,"end":5481.071},{"text":"collision","start":5481.248,"end":5481.537},{"text":"prevention","start":5481.569,"end":5481.97},{"text":"services,","start":5481.97,"end":5482.5},{"text":"fragmentation","start":5483.56,"end":5484.17},{"text":"in","start":5484.459,"end":5484.507},{"text":"orbit","start":5484.764,"end":5485.021},{"text":"analysis,","start":5485.021,"end":5485.535},{"text":"and","start":5485.888,"end":5486.113},{"text":"re-entry,","start":5486.145,"end":5486.755},{"text":"with","start":5486.868,"end":5487.092},{"text":"the","start":5487.092,"end":5487.173},{"text":"goal","start":5487.173,"end":5487.349},{"text":"of","start":5487.349,"end":5487.398},{"text":"protecting","start":5487.43,"end":5487.96},{"text":"European","start":5488.152,"end":5488.554},{"text":"space","start":5488.554,"end":5488.762},{"text":"infrastructure.","start":5488.875,"end":5489.517}]},{"text":"This initiative is a great example of international collaboration.","start":5489.999,"end":5493.644,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":5489.999,"end":5490.127},{"text":"initiative","start":5490.577,"end":5491.171},{"text":"is","start":5491.524,"end":5491.572},{"text":"a","start":5491.62,"end":5491.685},{"text":"great","start":5491.685,"end":5491.925},{"text":"example","start":5491.925,"end":5492.423},{"text":"of","start":5492.423,"end":5492.552},{"text":"international","start":5492.552,"end":5493.049},{"text":"collaboration.","start":5493.049,"end":5493.644}]},{"text":"We believe in this initiative with more than 500 registered users, and we believe that it's an operational pillar and a precursor to future management and coordination of space traffic.","start":5493.692,"end":5501.576,"topics":[{"key":"space-traffic-management","label":"Space Traffic Management and Space Situational Awareness","description":"Delegations highlighted the importance of tracking objects in orbit, issuing conjunction warnings, and coordinating maneuvers in an increasingly crowded space environment. The discussion covered national and regional surveillance systems, data sharing, and governance frameworks for safer operations."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":5493.692,"end":5493.836},{"text":"believe","start":5493.836,"end":5494.141},{"text":"in","start":5494.173,"end":5494.222},{"text":"this","start":5494.238,"end":5494.302},{"text":"initiative","start":5494.398,"end":5494.96},{"text":"with","start":5494.96,"end":5495.057},{"text":"more","start":5495.057,"end":5495.201},{"text":"than","start":5495.201,"end":5495.297},{"text":"500","start":5495.297,"end":5496.004},{"text":"registered","start":5496.004,"end":5496.341},{"text":"users,","start":5496.341,"end":5496.678},{"text":"and","start":5496.759,"end":5497.192},{"text":"we","start":5497.192,"end":5497.304},{"text":"believe","start":5497.304,"end":5497.465},{"text":"that","start":5497.465,"end":5497.626},{"text":"it's","start":5497.626,"end":5497.786},{"text":"an","start":5497.786,"end":5497.866},{"text":"operational","start":5497.947,"end":5498.589},{"text":"pillar","start":5498.589,"end":5498.894},{"text":"and","start":5498.974,"end":5499.055},{"text":"a","start":5499.055,"end":5499.071},{"text":"precursor","start":5499.071,"end":5499.617},{"text":"to","start":5499.633,"end":5499.713},{"text":"future","start":5499.713,"end":5500.05},{"text":"management","start":5500.05,"end":5500.435},{"text":"and","start":5500.435,"end":5500.5},{"text":"coordination","start":5500.58,"end":5500.917},{"text":"of","start":5500.917,"end":5501.014},{"text":"space","start":5501.014,"end":5501.206},{"text":"traffic.","start":5501.254,"end":5501.576}]},{"text":"Moreover, to guarantee the security of space operations and sustainability in the space environment.","start":5502.459,"end":5507.34,"topics":[{"key":"space-sustainability","label":"Long-Term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities","description":"Several delegations emphasized implementation of the COPUOS Long-Term Sustainability Guidelines and the need for continued work beyond the current mandate. The topic included national laws, reporting on implementation, information-sharing tools, and preserving space for future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"Moreover,","start":5502.459,"end":5502.924},{"text":"to","start":5502.988,"end":5503.101},{"text":"guarantee","start":5503.165,"end":5503.567},{"text":"the","start":5503.567,"end":5503.631},{"text":"security","start":5503.631,"end":5504.177},{"text":"of","start":5504.193,"end":5504.257},{"text":"space","start":5504.273,"end":5504.53},{"text":"operations","start":5504.53,"end":5504.819},{"text":"and","start":5504.851,"end":5504.947},{"text":"sustainability","start":5504.98,"end":5505.782},{"text":"in","start":5506.2,"end":5506.264},{"text":"the","start":5506.521,"end":5506.601},{"text":"space","start":5506.601,"end":5506.858},{"text":"environment.","start":5506.858,"end":5507.34}]},{"text":"Spain has an R&D investment programme for space monitoring, many of you— the results of which are available to the international community through the EU SST initiative.","start":5508.239,"end":5519.109,"topics":[{"key":"space-traffic-management","label":"Space Traffic Management and Space Situational Awareness","description":"Delegations highlighted the importance of tracking objects in orbit, issuing conjunction warnings, and coordinating maneuvers in an increasingly crowded space environment. The discussion covered national and regional surveillance systems, data sharing, and governance frameworks for safer operations."}],"words":[{"text":"Spain","start":5508.239,"end":5508.512},{"text":"has","start":5508.624,"end":5509.074},{"text":"an","start":5509.331,"end":5509.395},{"text":"R&D","start":5509.652,"end":5510.246},{"text":"investment","start":5510.712,"end":5511.434},{"text":"programme","start":5511.434,"end":5512.093},{"text":"for","start":5512.542,"end":5512.687},{"text":"space","start":5512.719,"end":5512.992},{"text":"monitoring,","start":5513.104,"end":5513.57},{"text":"many","start":5513.762,"end":5514.003},{"text":"of","start":5514.003,"end":5514.132},{"text":"you—","start":5514.148,"end":5514.405},{"text":"the","start":5514.646,"end":5514.71},{"text":"results","start":5514.726,"end":5515.047},{"text":"of","start":5515.047,"end":5515.111},{"text":"which","start":5515.127,"end":5515.336},{"text":"are","start":5515.593,"end":5515.77},{"text":"available","start":5515.77,"end":5516.219},{"text":"to","start":5516.332,"end":5516.476},{"text":"the","start":5516.476,"end":5516.572},{"text":"international","start":5516.572,"end":5516.845},{"text":"community","start":5516.845,"end":5517.183},{"text":"through","start":5517.279,"end":5517.552},{"text":"the","start":5517.6,"end":5517.728},{"text":"EU","start":5518.082,"end":5518.306},{"text":"SST","start":5518.323,"end":5518.724},{"text":"initiative.","start":5518.724,"end":5519.109}]},{"text":"To safeguard the space environment, we must tackle one of the most urgent issues, which is space debris.","start":5519.543,"end":5524.761,"topics":[{"key":"space-debris","label":"Space Debris Mitigation and Removal","description":"A recurring concern was the growing debris environment and the need to prevent new debris, improve post-mission disposal, and develop active debris removal. Speakers also referred to design-for-demise, passivation, and ambitious initiatives such as zero-debris approaches."}],"words":[{"text":"To","start":5519.543,"end":5519.671},{"text":"safeguard","start":5519.687,"end":5520.314},{"text":"the","start":5520.49,"end":5520.587},{"text":"space","start":5520.587,"end":5520.908},{"text":"environment,","start":5520.908,"end":5521.486},{"text":"we","start":5521.55,"end":5521.646},{"text":"must","start":5521.646,"end":5522.032},{"text":"tackle","start":5522.032,"end":5522.433},{"text":"one","start":5522.433,"end":5522.545},{"text":"of","start":5522.578,"end":5522.658},{"text":"the","start":5522.658,"end":5522.69},{"text":"most","start":5522.69,"end":5522.915},{"text":"urgent","start":5522.979,"end":5523.236},{"text":"issues,","start":5523.236,"end":5523.493},{"text":"which","start":5523.557,"end":5523.685},{"text":"is","start":5523.782,"end":5523.83},{"text":"space","start":5523.83,"end":5524.167},{"text":"debris.","start":5524.36,"end":5524.761}]},{"text":"This means we must work on various lines.","start":5525.387,"end":5527.86,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":5525.387,"end":5525.516},{"text":"means","start":5525.628,"end":5525.885},{"text":"we","start":5525.885,"end":5526.03},{"text":"must","start":5526.03,"end":5526.287},{"text":"work","start":5526.287,"end":5526.672},{"text":"on","start":5526.768,"end":5526.816},{"text":"various","start":5526.913,"end":5527.298},{"text":"lines.","start":5527.475,"end":5527.86}]},{"text":"Firstly, space monitoring.","start":5528.438,"end":5530.429,"topics":[{"key":"space-traffic-management","label":"Space Traffic Management and Space Situational Awareness","description":"Delegations highlighted the importance of tracking objects in orbit, issuing conjunction warnings, and coordinating maneuvers in an increasingly crowded space environment. The discussion covered national and regional surveillance systems, data sharing, and governance frameworks for safer operations."}],"words":[{"text":"Firstly,","start":5528.438,"end":5528.984},{"text":"space","start":5529.675,"end":5529.996},{"text":"monitoring.","start":5529.996,"end":5530.429}]},{"text":"As mentioned in the first part of our statement, to avoid collisions and increase the number of objects in orbit and to monitor fragmentation and reentry of this space debris.","start":5530.766,"end":5542.038,"topics":[{"key":"space-traffic-management","label":"Space Traffic Management and Space Situational Awareness","description":"Delegations highlighted the importance of tracking objects in orbit, issuing conjunction warnings, and coordinating maneuvers in an increasingly crowded space environment. The discussion covered national and regional surveillance systems, data sharing, and governance frameworks for safer operations."},{"key":"space-debris","label":"Space Debris Mitigation and Removal","description":"A recurring concern was the growing debris environment and the need to prevent new debris, improve post-mission disposal, and develop active debris removal. Speakers also referred to design-for-demise, passivation, and ambitious initiatives such as zero-debris approaches."},{"key":"reentry-safety","label":"Reentry Safety","description":"Several statements focused on the risks posed by spacecraft and rocket bodies reentering the atmosphere, including fragmentation, ground safety, and effects on air and maritime traffic. Speakers described observation campaigns and modeling efforts to improve predictions and support safer spacecraft design and disposal."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":5530.766,"end":5530.831},{"text":"mentioned","start":5530.943,"end":5531.393},{"text":"in","start":5531.425,"end":5531.473},{"text":"the","start":5531.505,"end":5531.585},{"text":"first","start":5531.65,"end":5531.971},{"text":"part","start":5531.971,"end":5532.324},{"text":"of","start":5532.533,"end":5532.677},{"text":"our","start":5533.095,"end":5533.191},{"text":"statement,","start":5533.191,"end":5533.833},{"text":"to","start":5534.299,"end":5534.443},{"text":"avoid","start":5534.556,"end":5534.957},{"text":"collisions","start":5535.118,"end":5535.696},{"text":"and","start":5535.905,"end":5536.049},{"text":"increase","start":5536.081,"end":5536.531},{"text":"the","start":5537.285,"end":5537.526},{"text":"number","start":5537.59,"end":5537.896},{"text":"of","start":5537.912,"end":5537.976},{"text":"objects","start":5538.072,"end":5538.329},{"text":"in","start":5538.329,"end":5538.458},{"text":"orbit","start":5538.554,"end":5538.795},{"text":"and","start":5538.811,"end":5538.875},{"text":"to","start":5538.971,"end":5539.068},{"text":"monitor","start":5539.068,"end":5539.389},{"text":"fragmentation","start":5539.437,"end":5539.983},{"text":"and","start":5540.031,"end":5540.16},{"text":"reentry","start":5540.16,"end":5540.577},{"text":"of","start":5540.577,"end":5540.705},{"text":"this","start":5540.738,"end":5540.818},{"text":"space","start":5540.818,"end":5541.107},{"text":"debris.","start":5541.765,"end":5542.038}]},{"text":"Secondly, we need to avoid generating new debris.","start":5542.6,"end":5544.912,"topics":[{"key":"space-debris","label":"Space Debris Mitigation and Removal","description":"A recurring concern was the growing debris environment and the need to prevent new debris, improve post-mission disposal, and develop active debris removal. Speakers also referred to design-for-demise, passivation, and ambitious initiatives such as zero-debris approaches."}],"words":[{"text":"Secondly,","start":5542.6,"end":5543.066},{"text":"we","start":5543.082,"end":5543.162},{"text":"need","start":5543.162,"end":5543.307},{"text":"to","start":5543.307,"end":5543.435},{"text":"avoid","start":5543.467,"end":5543.869},{"text":"generating","start":5543.869,"end":5544.334},{"text":"new","start":5544.334,"end":5544.511},{"text":"debris.","start":5544.591,"end":5544.912}]},{"text":"This implies divide— designing spaceships and operations that minimize debris generation, both in orbit as well as in reentry.","start":5545.458,"end":5553.824,"topics":[{"key":"space-debris","label":"Space Debris Mitigation and Removal","description":"A recurring concern was the growing debris environment and the need to prevent new debris, improve post-mission disposal, and develop active debris removal. Speakers also referred to design-for-demise, passivation, and ambitious initiatives such as zero-debris approaches."},{"key":"reentry-safety","label":"Reentry Safety","description":"Several statements focused on the risks posed by spacecraft and rocket bodies reentering the atmosphere, including fragmentation, ground safety, and effects on air and maritime traffic. Speakers described observation campaigns and modeling efforts to improve predictions and support safer spacecraft design and disposal."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":5545.458,"end":5545.522},{"text":"implies","start":5545.635,"end":5546.004},{"text":"divide—","start":5546.036,"end":5546.679},{"text":"designing","start":5547.305,"end":5547.754},{"text":"spaceships","start":5547.819,"end":5548.525},{"text":"and","start":5548.525,"end":5548.67},{"text":"operations","start":5548.75,"end":5549.135},{"text":"that","start":5549.232,"end":5549.344},{"text":"minimize","start":5549.392,"end":5549.858},{"text":"debris","start":5550.372,"end":5550.677},{"text":"generation,","start":5550.677,"end":5551.142},{"text":"both","start":5551.656,"end":5551.865},{"text":"in","start":5551.913,"end":5551.993},{"text":"orbit","start":5552.122,"end":5552.363},{"text":"as","start":5552.619,"end":5552.668},{"text":"well","start":5552.764,"end":5552.86},{"text":"as","start":5552.86,"end":5552.908},{"text":"in","start":5553.101,"end":5553.165},{"text":"reentry.","start":5553.342,"end":5553.824}]},{"text":"Given the complexity of processes of disintegration, We need to carry out missions that help us to understand it better, to improve Earth models and also improve our future designs.","start":5554.37,"end":5562.698,"topics":[{"key":"reentry-safety","label":"Reentry Safety","description":"Several statements focused on the risks posed by spacecraft and rocket bodies reentering the atmosphere, including fragmentation, ground safety, and effects on air and maritime traffic. Speakers described observation campaigns and modeling efforts to improve predictions and support safer spacecraft design and disposal."}],"words":[{"text":"Given","start":5554.37,"end":5554.498},{"text":"the","start":5554.498,"end":5554.562},{"text":"complexity","start":5554.562,"end":5555.092},{"text":"of","start":5555.092,"end":5555.124},{"text":"processes","start":5555.124,"end":5555.558},{"text":"of","start":5555.606,"end":5555.686},{"text":"disintegration,","start":5555.686,"end":5556.007},{"text":"We","start":5556.473,"end":5556.569},{"text":"need","start":5556.569,"end":5556.729},{"text":"to","start":5556.778,"end":5556.874},{"text":"carry","start":5556.874,"end":5557.082},{"text":"out","start":5557.114,"end":5557.195},{"text":"missions","start":5557.195,"end":5557.483},{"text":"that","start":5557.516,"end":5557.612},{"text":"help","start":5557.612,"end":5557.852},{"text":"us","start":5557.852,"end":5557.997},{"text":"to","start":5557.997,"end":5558.157},{"text":"understand","start":5558.238,"end":5558.558},{"text":"it","start":5558.558,"end":5558.607},{"text":"better,","start":5558.639,"end":5558.927},{"text":"to","start":5559.441,"end":5559.665},{"text":"improve","start":5559.681,"end":5560.131},{"text":"Earth","start":5560.468,"end":5560.532},{"text":"models","start":5560.58,"end":5560.933},{"text":"and","start":5561.109,"end":5561.27},{"text":"also","start":5561.27,"end":5561.478},{"text":"improve","start":5561.51,"end":5561.912},{"text":"our","start":5561.912,"end":5562.008},{"text":"future","start":5562.008,"end":5562.329},{"text":"designs.","start":5562.329,"end":5562.698}]},{"text":"A good example of this is the DRACO mission under Spain's leadership, which will internally monitor the disintegration of a satellite on re-entering the atmosphere to approve models that simulate this behaviour.","start":5562.746,"end":5575.421,"topics":[{"key":"reentry-safety","label":"Reentry Safety","description":"Several statements focused on the risks posed by spacecraft and rocket bodies reentering the atmosphere, including fragmentation, ground safety, and effects on air and maritime traffic. Speakers described observation campaigns and modeling efforts to improve predictions and support safer spacecraft design and disposal."}],"words":[{"text":"A","start":5562.746,"end":5562.81},{"text":"good","start":5562.81,"end":5562.954},{"text":"example","start":5562.97,"end":5563.356},{"text":"of","start":5563.356,"end":5563.42},{"text":"this","start":5563.452,"end":5563.692},{"text":"is","start":5563.773,"end":5563.821},{"text":"the","start":5563.853,"end":5563.997},{"text":"DRACO","start":5563.997,"end":5564.27},{"text":"mission","start":5564.27,"end":5565.505},{"text":"under","start":5565.602,"end":5565.698},{"text":"Spain's","start":5565.698,"end":5566.035},{"text":"leadership,","start":5566.035,"end":5566.484},{"text":"which","start":5566.5,"end":5566.628},{"text":"will","start":5566.725,"end":5566.853},{"text":"internally","start":5567.126,"end":5567.623},{"text":"monitor","start":5568.65,"end":5568.987},{"text":"the","start":5568.987,"end":5569.067},{"text":"disintegration","start":5569.067,"end":5569.725},{"text":"of","start":5569.725,"end":5569.805},{"text":"a","start":5569.805,"end":5569.853},{"text":"satellite","start":5569.853,"end":5570.976},{"text":"on","start":5570.992,"end":5571.041},{"text":"re-entering","start":5571.233,"end":5571.666},{"text":"the","start":5571.779,"end":5571.843},{"text":"atmosphere","start":5571.875,"end":5572.356},{"text":"to","start":5572.356,"end":5572.597},{"text":"approve","start":5573.142,"end":5573.961},{"text":"models","start":5573.961,"end":5574.249},{"text":"that","start":5574.281,"end":5574.378},{"text":"simulate","start":5574.378,"end":5574.827},{"text":"this","start":5574.827,"end":5575.003},{"text":"behaviour.","start":5575.003,"end":5575.421}]},{"text":"This will allow us in the future to design satellites which will completely disintegrate during re-entry in the atmosphere and avoid impacts on Earth's surface.","start":5575.485,"end":5581.293,"topics":[{"key":"reentry-safety","label":"Reentry Safety","description":"Several statements focused on the risks posed by spacecraft and rocket bodies reentering the atmosphere, including fragmentation, ground safety, and effects on air and maritime traffic. Speakers described observation campaigns and modeling efforts to improve predictions and support safer spacecraft design and disposal."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":5575.485,"end":5575.709},{"text":"will","start":5575.709,"end":5575.806},{"text":"allow","start":5575.806,"end":5575.982},{"text":"us","start":5576.046,"end":5576.126},{"text":"in","start":5576.126,"end":5576.175},{"text":"the","start":5576.207,"end":5576.287},{"text":"future","start":5576.287,"end":5576.495},{"text":"to","start":5576.528,"end":5576.608},{"text":"design","start":5576.608,"end":5576.864},{"text":"satellites","start":5576.864,"end":5577.314},{"text":"which","start":5577.33,"end":5577.474},{"text":"will","start":5577.474,"end":5577.699},{"text":"completely","start":5577.875,"end":5578.164},{"text":"disintegrate","start":5578.164,"end":5578.677},{"text":"during","start":5578.934,"end":5579.143},{"text":"re-entry","start":5579.159,"end":5579.56},{"text":"in","start":5579.56,"end":5579.592},{"text":"the","start":5579.592,"end":5579.656},{"text":"atmosphere","start":5579.656,"end":5580.202},{"text":"and","start":5580.202,"end":5580.362},{"text":"avoid","start":5580.378,"end":5580.683},{"text":"impacts","start":5580.779,"end":5581.068},{"text":"on","start":5581.068,"end":5581.1},{"text":"Earth's","start":5581.1,"end":5581.18},{"text":"surface.","start":5581.18,"end":5581.293}]},{"text":"Thank you.","start":5581.341,"end":5581.549,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":5581.341,"end":5581.469},{"text":"you.","start":5581.469,"end":5581.549}]},{"text":"The surface.","start":5581.63,"end":5581.951,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":5581.63,"end":5581.662},{"text":"surface.","start":5581.694,"end":5581.951}]},{"text":"Thirdly, we need to develop orbit services to update or extend the useful life of satellites.","start":5582.063,"end":5586.994,"topics":[{"key":"space-sustainability","label":"Long-Term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities","description":"Several delegations emphasized implementation of the COPUOS Long-Term Sustainability Guidelines and the need for continued work beyond the current mandate. The topic included national laws, reporting on implementation, information-sharing tools, and preserving space for future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"Thirdly,","start":5582.063,"end":5582.384},{"text":"we","start":5582.465,"end":5582.545},{"text":"need","start":5582.545,"end":5582.625},{"text":"to","start":5582.625,"end":5582.77},{"text":"develop","start":5582.77,"end":5583.188},{"text":"orbit","start":5583.975,"end":5584.167},{"text":"services","start":5584.167,"end":5584.681},{"text":"to","start":5584.794,"end":5584.906},{"text":"update","start":5585.099,"end":5585.436},{"text":"or","start":5585.436,"end":5585.501},{"text":"extend","start":5585.501,"end":5585.982},{"text":"the","start":5585.982,"end":5586.143},{"text":"useful","start":5586.143,"end":5586.384},{"text":"life","start":5586.384,"end":5586.513},{"text":"of","start":5586.577,"end":5586.641},{"text":"satellites.","start":5586.641,"end":5586.994}]},{"text":"In this field, Spain on the 28th of January, um, signed a joint statement with the European Commission for Services and Operations in Space, the goal of which is to create a safe and sustainable European space infrastructure through in-orbit services.","start":5587.043,"end":5602.993,"topics":[{"key":"space-sustainability","label":"Long-Term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities","description":"Several delegations emphasized implementation of the COPUOS Long-Term Sustainability Guidelines and the need for continued work beyond the current mandate. The topic included national laws, reporting on implementation, information-sharing tools, and preserving space for future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":5587.043,"end":5587.091},{"text":"this","start":5587.123,"end":5587.235},{"text":"field,","start":5587.284,"end":5587.589},{"text":"Spain","start":5587.605,"end":5587.894},{"text":"on","start":5588.006,"end":5588.055},{"text":"the","start":5588.087,"end":5588.167},{"text":"28th","start":5588.167,"end":5589.307},{"text":"of","start":5589.307,"end":5589.42},{"text":"January,","start":5589.452,"end":5589.821},{"text":"um,","start":5590.641,"end":5590.849},{"text":"signed","start":5591.01,"end":5591.347},{"text":"a","start":5591.444,"end":5591.54},{"text":"joint","start":5591.54,"end":5591.765},{"text":"statement","start":5591.765,"end":5592.327},{"text":"with","start":5592.327,"end":5592.44},{"text":"the","start":5592.488,"end":5592.681},{"text":"European","start":5592.729,"end":5592.954},{"text":"Commission","start":5592.986,"end":5593.436},{"text":"for","start":5593.548,"end":5593.966},{"text":"Services","start":5594.174,"end":5594.608},{"text":"and","start":5594.608,"end":5594.688},{"text":"Operations","start":5594.688,"end":5595.122},{"text":"in","start":5595.154,"end":5595.202},{"text":"Space,","start":5595.251,"end":5595.62},{"text":"the","start":5595.636,"end":5595.797},{"text":"goal","start":5595.797,"end":5596.102},{"text":"of","start":5596.102,"end":5596.198},{"text":"which","start":5596.198,"end":5596.407},{"text":"is","start":5596.584,"end":5596.648},{"text":"to","start":5596.825,"end":5596.969},{"text":"create","start":5596.985,"end":5597.58},{"text":"a","start":5598.11,"end":5598.206},{"text":"safe","start":5598.206,"end":5598.688},{"text":"and","start":5598.688,"end":5598.768},{"text":"sustainable","start":5598.768,"end":5599.266},{"text":"European","start":5599.315,"end":5599.636},{"text":"space","start":5599.636,"end":5599.893},{"text":"infrastructure","start":5599.893,"end":5600.696},{"text":"through","start":5600.696,"end":5601.001},{"text":"in-orbit","start":5601.579,"end":5602.093},{"text":"services.","start":5602.222,"end":5602.993}]},{"text":"Finally, the elimination of space debris is a key focus to clean space and guarantee a safer environment for future missions.","start":5603.346,"end":5609.578,"topics":[{"key":"space-debris","label":"Space Debris Mitigation and Removal","description":"A recurring concern was the growing debris environment and the need to prevent new debris, improve post-mission disposal, and develop active debris removal. Speakers also referred to design-for-demise, passivation, and ambitious initiatives such as zero-debris approaches."}],"words":[{"text":"Finally,","start":5603.346,"end":5603.796},{"text":"the","start":5603.989,"end":5604.069},{"text":"elimination","start":5604.069,"end":5604.615},{"text":"of","start":5604.615,"end":5604.647},{"text":"space","start":5604.647,"end":5604.936},{"text":"debris","start":5604.936,"end":5605.338},{"text":"is","start":5605.418,"end":5605.483},{"text":"a","start":5605.595,"end":5605.675},{"text":"key","start":5605.82,"end":5606.141},{"text":"focus","start":5606.141,"end":5606.639},{"text":"to","start":5606.639,"end":5606.928},{"text":"clean","start":5606.944,"end":5607.169},{"text":"space","start":5607.25,"end":5607.442},{"text":"and","start":5607.442,"end":5607.571},{"text":"guarantee","start":5607.603,"end":5608.149},{"text":"a","start":5608.165,"end":5608.181},{"text":"safer","start":5608.245,"end":5608.55},{"text":"environment","start":5608.55,"end":5608.887},{"text":"for","start":5608.887,"end":5609.032},{"text":"future","start":5609.032,"end":5609.224},{"text":"missions.","start":5609.224,"end":5609.578}]},{"text":"In this framework, the Spanish Space Agency is providing— is carrying out the mission CatIOD under the framework of the ESA, the goal of which is to remove from Earth's orbit satellites which have been previously prepared to facilitate their removal.","start":5610.092,"end":5623.081,"topics":[{"key":"space-debris","label":"Space Debris Mitigation and Removal","description":"A recurring concern was the growing debris environment and the need to prevent new debris, improve post-mission disposal, and develop active debris removal. Speakers also referred to design-for-demise, passivation, and ambitious initiatives such as zero-debris approaches."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":5610.092,"end":5610.14},{"text":"this","start":5610.14,"end":5610.252},{"text":"framework,","start":5610.252,"end":5610.637},{"text":"the","start":5610.654,"end":5610.734},{"text":"Spanish","start":5610.734,"end":5610.959},{"text":"Space","start":5610.959,"end":5611.28},{"text":"Agency","start":5611.28,"end":5611.745},{"text":"is","start":5612.484,"end":5612.628},{"text":"providing—","start":5612.821,"end":5613.672},{"text":"is","start":5613.768,"end":5613.833},{"text":"carrying","start":5613.865,"end":5614.154},{"text":"out","start":5614.25,"end":5614.427},{"text":"the","start":5614.427,"end":5614.523},{"text":"mission","start":5614.523,"end":5614.957},{"text":"CatIOD","start":5614.989,"end":5615.76},{"text":"under","start":5616.354,"end":5616.498},{"text":"the","start":5616.498,"end":5616.546},{"text":"framework","start":5616.578,"end":5616.851},{"text":"of","start":5616.851,"end":5616.98},{"text":"the","start":5616.98,"end":5617.14},{"text":"ESA,","start":5617.221,"end":5617.462},{"text":"the","start":5617.478,"end":5617.558},{"text":"goal","start":5617.558,"end":5617.783},{"text":"of","start":5617.783,"end":5617.879},{"text":"which","start":5617.879,"end":5618.088},{"text":"is","start":5618.216,"end":5618.329},{"text":"to","start":5618.441,"end":5618.602},{"text":"remove","start":5618.682,"end":5619.164},{"text":"from","start":5619.485,"end":5619.613},{"text":"Earth's","start":5619.79,"end":5619.982},{"text":"orbit","start":5620.031,"end":5620.304},{"text":"satellites","start":5620.304,"end":5620.833},{"text":"which","start":5620.833,"end":5620.93},{"text":"have","start":5620.93,"end":5621.09},{"text":"been","start":5621.09,"end":5621.219},{"text":"previously","start":5621.251,"end":5621.636},{"text":"prepared","start":5621.636,"end":5621.989},{"text":"to","start":5621.989,"end":5622.102},{"text":"facilitate","start":5622.118,"end":5622.535},{"text":"their","start":5622.535,"end":5622.648},{"text":"removal.","start":5622.648,"end":5623.081}]},{"text":"We would like to highlight and reiterate our conviction that sustainability is a shared matter for all of us, and the only option is a global solution designed with participation of COPUS in the UN Forum where we work together for a sustainable space environment.","start":5623.9,"end":5639.228,"topics":[{"key":"space-sustainability","label":"Long-Term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities","description":"Several delegations emphasized implementation of the COPUOS Long-Term Sustainability Guidelines and the need for continued work beyond the current mandate. The topic included national laws, reporting on implementation, information-sharing tools, and preserving space for future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":5623.9,"end":5624.045},{"text":"would","start":5624.045,"end":5624.141},{"text":"like","start":5624.141,"end":5624.253},{"text":"to","start":5624.318,"end":5624.446},{"text":"highlight","start":5624.446,"end":5624.96},{"text":"and","start":5625.49,"end":5625.65},{"text":"reiterate","start":5625.65,"end":5626.244},{"text":"our","start":5626.293,"end":5626.469},{"text":"conviction","start":5626.469,"end":5627.144},{"text":"that","start":5627.176,"end":5627.272},{"text":"sustainability","start":5627.272,"end":5628.043},{"text":"is","start":5628.541,"end":5628.605},{"text":"a","start":5628.781,"end":5628.797},{"text":"shared","start":5628.797,"end":5629.167},{"text":"matter","start":5629.199,"end":5629.504},{"text":"for","start":5629.504,"end":5629.665},{"text":"all","start":5629.665,"end":5629.713},{"text":"of","start":5629.761,"end":5629.841},{"text":"us,","start":5629.841,"end":5630.034},{"text":"and","start":5630.307,"end":5630.74},{"text":"the","start":5631.19,"end":5631.286},{"text":"only","start":5631.286,"end":5631.495},{"text":"option","start":5631.511,"end":5631.8},{"text":"is","start":5631.912,"end":5631.977},{"text":"a","start":5632.089,"end":5632.169},{"text":"global","start":5632.234,"end":5632.474},{"text":"solution","start":5632.474,"end":5632.78},{"text":"designed","start":5632.78,"end":5633.072},{"text":"with","start":5633.121,"end":5633.251},{"text":"participation","start":5633.543,"end":5634.03},{"text":"of","start":5634.03,"end":5634.079},{"text":"COPUS","start":5634.095,"end":5634.501},{"text":"in","start":5635.07,"end":5635.135},{"text":"the","start":5635.33,"end":5635.59},{"text":"UN","start":5635.638,"end":5635.866},{"text":"Forum","start":5635.963,"end":5636.353},{"text":"where","start":5636.548,"end":5636.711},{"text":"we","start":5636.711,"end":5636.857},{"text":"work","start":5636.857,"end":5637.117},{"text":"together","start":5637.117,"end":5637.523},{"text":"for","start":5637.523,"end":5637.783},{"text":"a","start":5637.783,"end":5637.848},{"text":"sustainable","start":5637.848,"end":5638.384},{"text":"space","start":5638.416,"end":5638.741},{"text":"environment.","start":5638.741,"end":5639.228}]},{"text":"Spain has actively participated as a speaker in the capacity-building exercise, the UN Day on Space Sustainability on 30th and 31st of January here in Vienna.","start":5640.928,"end":5651.891,"topics":[{"key":"space-sustainability","label":"Long-Term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities","description":"Several delegations emphasized implementation of the COPUOS Long-Term Sustainability Guidelines and the need for continued work beyond the current mandate. The topic included national laws, reporting on implementation, information-sharing tools, and preserving space for future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"Spain","start":5640.928,"end":5641.364},{"text":"has","start":5641.412,"end":5641.557},{"text":"actively","start":5641.654,"end":5642.04},{"text":"participated","start":5642.298,"end":5642.878},{"text":"as","start":5642.878,"end":5642.975},{"text":"a","start":5642.975,"end":5643.04},{"text":"speaker","start":5643.04,"end":5643.62},{"text":"in","start":5643.765,"end":5643.829},{"text":"the","start":5644.151,"end":5644.345},{"text":"capacity-building","start":5644.393,"end":5645.102},{"text":"exercise,","start":5645.521,"end":5646.069},{"text":"the","start":5646.182,"end":5646.44},{"text":"UN","start":5646.585,"end":5646.875},{"text":"Day","start":5646.907,"end":5647.213},{"text":"on","start":5647.294,"end":5647.358},{"text":"Space","start":5647.471,"end":5647.681},{"text":"Sustainability","start":5647.697,"end":5648.406},{"text":"on","start":5648.502,"end":5648.567},{"text":"30th","start":5648.986,"end":5649.308},{"text":"and","start":5649.308,"end":5649.405},{"text":"31st","start":5649.405,"end":5650.13},{"text":"of","start":5650.356,"end":5650.42},{"text":"January","start":5650.436,"end":5650.905},{"text":"here","start":5651.18,"end":5651.374},{"text":"in","start":5651.423,"end":5651.487},{"text":"Vienna.","start":5651.503,"end":5651.891}]},{"text":"We would also like to express our appreciation for the invitation received by the Spanish Space Agency to participate in the USB Dialogue, which was held in New York on the 29th of October last year.","start":5652.231,"end":5663.146,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":5652.231,"end":5652.295},{"text":"would","start":5652.295,"end":5652.457},{"text":"also","start":5652.457,"end":5652.861},{"text":"like","start":5652.877,"end":5653.039},{"text":"to","start":5653.039,"end":5653.12},{"text":"express","start":5653.12,"end":5653.427},{"text":"our","start":5653.427,"end":5653.508},{"text":"appreciation","start":5653.508,"end":5654.138},{"text":"for","start":5654.235,"end":5654.348},{"text":"the","start":5654.348,"end":5654.429},{"text":"invitation","start":5654.429,"end":5654.882},{"text":"received","start":5654.882,"end":5655.221},{"text":"by","start":5655.221,"end":5655.302},{"text":"the","start":5655.302,"end":5655.383},{"text":"Spanish","start":5655.383,"end":5655.577},{"text":"Space","start":5655.577,"end":5655.868},{"text":"Agency","start":5655.868,"end":5656.191},{"text":"to","start":5656.191,"end":5656.272},{"text":"participate","start":5656.272,"end":5656.854},{"text":"in","start":5656.983,"end":5657.048},{"text":"the","start":5657.161,"end":5657.355},{"text":"USB","start":5657.711,"end":5658.341},{"text":"Dialogue,","start":5658.79,"end":5658.886},{"text":"which","start":5659.37,"end":5659.516},{"text":"was","start":5659.709,"end":5659.838},{"text":"held","start":5659.871,"end":5660.484},{"text":"in","start":5660.581,"end":5660.677},{"text":"New","start":5660.677,"end":5660.919},{"text":"York","start":5660.919,"end":5661.323},{"text":"on","start":5661.565,"end":5661.629},{"text":"the","start":5661.629,"end":5661.71},{"text":"29th","start":5661.71,"end":5662.21},{"text":"of","start":5662.21,"end":5662.291},{"text":"October","start":5662.291,"end":5662.63},{"text":"last","start":5662.63,"end":5662.872},{"text":"year.","start":5662.872,"end":5663.146}]},{"text":"We would like to wrap up by reiterating that international cooperation plays a vital role to guarantee long-term sustainability.","start":5663.824,"end":5669.814,"topics":[{"key":"space-sustainability","label":"Long-Term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities","description":"Several delegations emphasized implementation of the COPUOS Long-Term Sustainability Guidelines and the need for continued work beyond the current mandate. The topic included national laws, reporting on implementation, information-sharing tools, and preserving space for future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":5663.824,"end":5663.872},{"text":"would","start":5663.872,"end":5664.147},{"text":"like","start":5664.147,"end":5664.453},{"text":"to","start":5664.453,"end":5664.647},{"text":"wrap","start":5664.695,"end":5664.969},{"text":"up","start":5665.099,"end":5665.437},{"text":"by","start":5665.437,"end":5665.631},{"text":"reiterating","start":5665.663,"end":5666.293},{"text":"that","start":5666.325,"end":5666.47},{"text":"international","start":5666.47,"end":5666.954},{"text":"cooperation","start":5666.954,"end":5667.454},{"text":"plays","start":5667.454,"end":5667.664},{"text":"a","start":5667.696,"end":5667.712},{"text":"vital","start":5667.712,"end":5668.084},{"text":"role","start":5668.084,"end":5668.245},{"text":"to","start":5668.245,"end":5668.31},{"text":"guarantee","start":5668.31,"end":5668.762},{"text":"long-term","start":5668.811,"end":5669.199},{"text":"sustainability.","start":5669.215,"end":5669.814}]},{"text":"It's only through working together that we can develop strategies and standards that are needed to safeguard space as a shared and essential resource for future generations.","start":5670.202,"end":5678.503,"topics":[{"key":"space-sustainability","label":"Long-Term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities","description":"Several delegations emphasized implementation of the COPUOS Long-Term Sustainability Guidelines and the need for continued work beyond the current mandate. The topic included national laws, reporting on implementation, information-sharing tools, and preserving space for future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"It's","start":5670.202,"end":5670.283},{"text":"only","start":5670.283,"end":5670.412},{"text":"through","start":5670.444,"end":5670.655},{"text":"working","start":5670.671,"end":5670.897},{"text":"together","start":5670.929,"end":5671.253},{"text":"that","start":5671.253,"end":5671.366},{"text":"we","start":5671.398,"end":5671.495},{"text":"can","start":5671.56,"end":5671.673},{"text":"develop","start":5671.738,"end":5672.142},{"text":"strategies","start":5672.142,"end":5672.676},{"text":"and","start":5672.773,"end":5672.854},{"text":"standards","start":5672.854,"end":5673.161},{"text":"that","start":5673.258,"end":5673.42},{"text":"are","start":5673.42,"end":5673.501},{"text":"needed","start":5673.501,"end":5673.808},{"text":"to","start":5674.164,"end":5674.261},{"text":"safeguard","start":5674.261,"end":5674.698},{"text":"space","start":5674.714,"end":5675.15},{"text":"as","start":5675.28,"end":5675.425},{"text":"a","start":5675.603,"end":5675.619},{"text":"shared","start":5675.619,"end":5676.072},{"text":"and","start":5676.574,"end":5676.671},{"text":"essential","start":5676.671,"end":5677.14},{"text":"resource","start":5677.14,"end":5677.56},{"text":"for","start":5677.625,"end":5677.69},{"text":"future","start":5677.69,"end":5677.901},{"text":"generations.","start":5677.901,"end":5678.503}]},{"text":"Thank you.","start":5678.568,"end":5678.926,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":5678.568,"end":5678.845},{"text":"you.","start":5678.845,"end":5678.926}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"ESP","affiliation_full":"Spain","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":33,"start":5680.976,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1a/k1ad4k1m9e?t=5681","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of Spain for the statement.","start":5680.976,"end":5683.644,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":5680.976,"end":5680.992},{"text":"thank","start":5681.057,"end":5681.285},{"text":"the","start":5681.285,"end":5681.367},{"text":"distinguished","start":5681.383,"end":5681.936},{"text":"representative","start":5681.936,"end":5682.538},{"text":"of","start":5682.538,"end":5682.684},{"text":"Spain","start":5682.684,"end":5682.994},{"text":"for","start":5683.091,"end":5683.319},{"text":"the","start":5683.319,"end":5683.4},{"text":"statement.","start":5683.4,"end":5683.644}]},{"text":"Next speaker on my list is the distinguished representative of the United States of America.","start":5684.332,"end":5688.399,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next","start":5684.332,"end":5684.528},{"text":"speaker","start":5684.528,"end":5684.885},{"text":"on","start":5684.902,"end":5684.999},{"text":"my","start":5684.999,"end":5685.227},{"text":"list","start":5685.227,"end":5685.487},{"text":"is","start":5685.487,"end":5685.569},{"text":"the","start":5685.569,"end":5685.666},{"text":"distinguished","start":5685.731,"end":5686.187},{"text":"representative","start":5686.219,"end":5686.951},{"text":"of","start":5686.951,"end":5687.049},{"text":"the","start":5687.097,"end":5687.162},{"text":"United","start":5687.162,"end":5687.455},{"text":"States","start":5687.455,"end":5687.781},{"text":"of","start":5687.781,"end":5687.846},{"text":"America.","start":5687.846,"end":5688.399}]},{"text":"You have the floor.","start":5688.724,"end":5689.309,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"You","start":5688.724,"end":5688.805},{"text":"have","start":5688.805,"end":5688.952},{"text":"the","start":5688.984,"end":5689.065},{"text":"floor.","start":5689.065,"end":5689.309}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"COPUOS","affiliation_full":"COPUOS","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":34,"start":5692.26,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1a/k1ad4k1m9e?t=5693","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Chair. 2024 set a new record for spaceflight with over 250 launches.","start":5692.26,"end":5697.906,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":5692.26,"end":5692.372},{"text":"you,","start":5692.372,"end":5692.421},{"text":"Chair.","start":5692.485,"end":5692.566},{"text":"2024","start":5693.566,"end":5694.26},{"text":"set","start":5694.486,"end":5694.712},{"text":"a","start":5694.712,"end":5694.728},{"text":"new","start":5694.728,"end":5694.938},{"text":"record","start":5694.954,"end":5695.357},{"text":"for","start":5695.357,"end":5695.502},{"text":"spaceflight","start":5695.518,"end":5696.261},{"text":"with","start":5696.325,"end":5696.503},{"text":"over","start":5696.551,"end":5696.793},{"text":"250","start":5696.793,"end":5697.503},{"text":"launches.","start":5697.519,"end":5697.906}]},{"text":"Now, more than 80 countries have had a satellite in orbit and have been able to access the many benefits that outer space affords.","start":5698.358,"end":5704.601,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Now,","start":5698.358,"end":5698.519},{"text":"more","start":5698.971,"end":5699.084},{"text":"than","start":5699.148,"end":5699.278},{"text":"80","start":5699.374,"end":5699.52},{"text":"countries","start":5699.552,"end":5699.923},{"text":"have","start":5700.02,"end":5700.116},{"text":"had","start":5700.116,"end":5700.246},{"text":"a","start":5700.294,"end":5700.342},{"text":"satellite","start":5700.342,"end":5700.729},{"text":"in","start":5700.762,"end":5700.81},{"text":"orbit","start":5700.923,"end":5701.214},{"text":"and","start":5701.407,"end":5701.472},{"text":"have","start":5701.488,"end":5701.585},{"text":"been","start":5701.585,"end":5701.794},{"text":"able","start":5701.794,"end":5701.94},{"text":"to","start":5701.94,"end":5702.036},{"text":"access","start":5702.117,"end":5702.568},{"text":"the","start":5702.601,"end":5702.681},{"text":"many","start":5702.681,"end":5702.939},{"text":"benefits","start":5702.939,"end":5703.488},{"text":"that","start":5703.488,"end":5703.649},{"text":"outer","start":5703.649,"end":5703.81},{"text":"space","start":5703.81,"end":5704.084},{"text":"affords.","start":5704.084,"end":5704.601}]},{"text":"This increasing activity also encompasses the commercial space sector, including satellite operators, which have extended these benefits to even more communities.","start":5705.197,"end":5713.539,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":5705.197,"end":5705.423},{"text":"increasing","start":5705.423,"end":5705.794},{"text":"activity","start":5705.907,"end":5706.375},{"text":"also","start":5706.471,"end":5706.697},{"text":"encompasses","start":5706.713,"end":5707.262},{"text":"the","start":5707.294,"end":5707.375},{"text":"commercial","start":5707.375,"end":5707.762},{"text":"space","start":5707.762,"end":5708.052},{"text":"sector,","start":5708.052,"end":5708.423},{"text":"including","start":5708.665,"end":5709.036},{"text":"satellite","start":5709.132,"end":5711.374},{"text":"operators,","start":5710.122,"end":5710.571},{"text":"which","start":5710.989,"end":5711.053},{"text":"have","start":5711.085,"end":5711.293},{"text":"extended","start":5711.422,"end":5711.807},{"text":"these","start":5711.807,"end":5711.967},{"text":"benefits","start":5711.967,"end":5712.513},{"text":"to","start":5712.513,"end":5712.561},{"text":"even","start":5712.673,"end":5712.801},{"text":"more","start":5712.85,"end":5712.962},{"text":"communities.","start":5713.074,"end":5713.539}]},{"text":"These milestone achievements are paired with an important reminder: the more we depend on the benefits derived from space, the more pressing the responsibility to support the long-term sustainability of outer space environment.","start":5714.197,"end":5724.978,"topics":[{"key":"space-sustainability","label":"Long-Term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities","description":"Several delegations emphasized implementation of the COPUOS Long-Term Sustainability Guidelines and the need for continued work beyond the current mandate. The topic included national laws, reporting on implementation, information-sharing tools, and preserving space for future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"These","start":5714.197,"end":5714.342},{"text":"milestone","start":5714.358,"end":5714.743},{"text":"achievements","start":5714.791,"end":5715.4},{"text":"are","start":5715.432,"end":5715.497},{"text":"paired","start":5715.497,"end":5715.882},{"text":"with","start":5715.882,"end":5715.994},{"text":"an","start":5715.994,"end":5716.058},{"text":"important","start":5716.074,"end":5716.427},{"text":"reminder:","start":5716.443,"end":5716.844},{"text":"the","start":5717.261,"end":5717.342},{"text":"more","start":5717.342,"end":5717.518},{"text":"we","start":5717.582,"end":5717.679},{"text":"depend","start":5717.679,"end":5718.144},{"text":"on","start":5718.144,"end":5718.192},{"text":"the","start":5718.224,"end":5718.32},{"text":"benefits","start":5718.32,"end":5718.769},{"text":"derived","start":5718.769,"end":5719.074},{"text":"from","start":5719.09,"end":5719.203},{"text":"space,","start":5719.203,"end":5719.604},{"text":"the","start":5719.989,"end":5720.069},{"text":"more","start":5720.069,"end":5720.294},{"text":"pressing","start":5720.294,"end":5720.679},{"text":"the","start":5720.791,"end":5720.855},{"text":"responsibility","start":5720.855,"end":5721.641},{"text":"to","start":5721.737,"end":5721.834},{"text":"support","start":5721.834,"end":5722.315},{"text":"the","start":5722.315,"end":5722.459},{"text":"long-term","start":5722.459,"end":5722.893},{"text":"sustainability","start":5722.893,"end":5723.647},{"text":"of","start":5723.839,"end":5723.919},{"text":"outer","start":5723.919,"end":5724.144},{"text":"space","start":5724.144,"end":5724.417},{"text":"environment.","start":5724.417,"end":5724.978}]},{"text":"That is why the 2020 U.S.","start":5725.524,"end":5727.176,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"That","start":5725.524,"end":5725.7},{"text":"is","start":5725.7,"end":5725.812},{"text":"why","start":5725.844,"end":5725.957},{"text":"the","start":5726.165,"end":5726.31},{"text":"2020","start":5726.31,"end":5726.855},{"text":"U.S.","start":5726.967,"end":5727.176}]},{"text":"National Space Policy instructs the U.S. government to preserve the space environment and enhance the long-term sustainability of outer space activities.","start":5727.272,"end":5734.636,"topics":[{"key":"space-sustainability","label":"Long-Term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities","description":"Several delegations emphasized implementation of the COPUOS Long-Term Sustainability Guidelines and the need for continued work beyond the current mandate. The topic included national laws, reporting on implementation, information-sharing tools, and preserving space for future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"National","start":5727.272,"end":5727.577},{"text":"Space","start":5727.609,"end":5727.93},{"text":"Policy","start":5727.93,"end":5728.379},{"text":"instructs","start":5728.732,"end":5729.117},{"text":"the","start":5729.117,"end":5729.197},{"text":"U.S.","start":5729.197,"end":5729.342},{"text":"government","start":5729.454,"end":5729.823},{"text":"to","start":5729.919,"end":5730.016},{"text":"preserve","start":5730.016,"end":5730.481},{"text":"the","start":5730.481,"end":5730.513},{"text":"space","start":5730.513,"end":5730.818},{"text":"environment","start":5730.818,"end":5731.379},{"text":"and","start":5731.443,"end":5731.524},{"text":"enhance","start":5731.524,"end":5732.085},{"text":"the","start":5732.085,"end":5732.165},{"text":"long-term","start":5732.181,"end":5732.663},{"text":"sustainability","start":5732.663,"end":5733.433},{"text":"of","start":5733.529,"end":5733.625},{"text":"outer","start":5733.625,"end":5733.786},{"text":"space","start":5733.786,"end":5734.171},{"text":"activities.","start":5734.171,"end":5734.636}]},{"text":"One of the most important factors in advancing sustainability is knowing the location of space objects in orbit and being able to predict and avoid potential collisions.","start":5735.39,"end":5743.3,"topics":[{"key":"space-traffic-management","label":"Space Traffic Management and Space Situational Awareness","description":"Delegations highlighted the importance of tracking objects in orbit, issuing conjunction warnings, and coordinating maneuvers in an increasingly crowded space environment. The discussion covered national and regional surveillance systems, data sharing, and governance frameworks for safer operations."}],"words":[{"text":"One","start":5735.39,"end":5735.502},{"text":"of","start":5735.551,"end":5735.583},{"text":"the","start":5735.583,"end":5735.647},{"text":"most","start":5735.647,"end":5735.887},{"text":"important","start":5735.936,"end":5736.192},{"text":"factors","start":5736.192,"end":5736.722},{"text":"in","start":5736.914,"end":5736.978},{"text":"advancing","start":5736.978,"end":5737.396},{"text":"sustainability","start":5737.396,"end":5738.085},{"text":"is","start":5738.454,"end":5738.535},{"text":"knowing","start":5738.535,"end":5738.775},{"text":"the","start":5738.775,"end":5738.856},{"text":"location","start":5738.856,"end":5739.385},{"text":"of","start":5739.385,"end":5739.417},{"text":"space","start":5739.417,"end":5739.786},{"text":"objects","start":5739.786,"end":5740.123},{"text":"in","start":5740.123,"end":5740.283},{"text":"orbit","start":5740.283,"end":5740.717},{"text":"and","start":5740.845,"end":5740.925},{"text":"being","start":5740.925,"end":5741.054},{"text":"able","start":5741.166,"end":5741.326},{"text":"to","start":5741.326,"end":5741.423},{"text":"predict","start":5741.423,"end":5741.968},{"text":"and","start":5741.968,"end":5742.032},{"text":"avoid","start":5742.048,"end":5742.514},{"text":"potential","start":5742.514,"end":5742.915},{"text":"collisions.","start":5742.915,"end":5743.3}]},{"text":"The United States Department of Defense has been providing space object tracking data through spacetrack.org for well over a decade and continues to alert satellite operators of potential conjunctions in an effort that has only grown more complex and frequent in recent years.","start":5743.974,"end":5758.541,"topics":[{"key":"space-traffic-management","label":"Space Traffic Management and Space Situational Awareness","description":"Delegations highlighted the importance of tracking objects in orbit, issuing conjunction warnings, and coordinating maneuvers in an increasingly crowded space environment. The discussion covered national and regional surveillance systems, data sharing, and governance frameworks for safer operations."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":5743.974,"end":5744.038},{"text":"United","start":5744.038,"end":5744.294},{"text":"States","start":5744.294,"end":5744.631},{"text":"Department","start":5744.679,"end":5745.032},{"text":"of","start":5745.032,"end":5745.065},{"text":"Defense","start":5745.065,"end":5745.53},{"text":"has","start":5745.803,"end":5745.963},{"text":"been","start":5745.963,"end":5746.123},{"text":"providing","start":5746.123,"end":5746.492},{"text":"space","start":5746.541,"end":5746.926},{"text":"object","start":5746.926,"end":5747.246},{"text":"tracking","start":5747.246,"end":5747.551},{"text":"data","start":5747.648,"end":5748.017},{"text":"through","start":5748.225,"end":5748.321},{"text":"spacetrack.org","start":5748.321,"end":5749.428},{"text":"for","start":5749.493,"end":5749.669},{"text":"well","start":5749.669,"end":5749.781},{"text":"over","start":5749.894,"end":5750.134},{"text":"a","start":5750.134,"end":5750.15},{"text":"decade","start":5750.215,"end":5750.68},{"text":"and","start":5750.953,"end":5751.017},{"text":"continues","start":5751.097,"end":5751.562},{"text":"to","start":5751.594,"end":5751.755},{"text":"alert","start":5751.755,"end":5751.995},{"text":"satellite","start":5751.995,"end":5752.461},{"text":"operators","start":5752.461,"end":5752.926},{"text":"of","start":5753.103,"end":5753.199},{"text":"potential","start":5753.199,"end":5753.584},{"text":"conjunctions","start":5753.584,"end":5754.29},{"text":"in","start":5754.482,"end":5754.53},{"text":"an","start":5754.579,"end":5754.627},{"text":"effort","start":5754.707,"end":5755.124},{"text":"that","start":5755.124,"end":5755.22},{"text":"has","start":5755.22,"end":5755.365},{"text":"only","start":5755.429,"end":5755.653},{"text":"grown","start":5755.686,"end":5755.974},{"text":"more","start":5756.006,"end":5756.119},{"text":"complex","start":5756.231,"end":5756.761},{"text":"and","start":5757.049,"end":5757.194},{"text":"frequent","start":5757.194,"end":5757.787},{"text":"in","start":5757.851,"end":5757.9},{"text":"recent","start":5757.996,"end":5758.317},{"text":"years.","start":5758.317,"end":5758.541}]},{"text":"As directed by Space Policy Directive 3 and 2018, many of these responsibilities are now planned for transition to a civilian system administered by the U.S.","start":5759.376,"end":5769.024,"topics":[{"key":"space-traffic-management","label":"Space Traffic Management and Space Situational Awareness","description":"Delegations highlighted the importance of tracking objects in orbit, issuing conjunction warnings, and coordinating maneuvers in an increasingly crowded space environment. The discussion covered national and regional surveillance systems, data sharing, and governance frameworks for safer operations."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":5759.376,"end":5759.504},{"text":"directed","start":5759.536,"end":5760.082},{"text":"by","start":5760.082,"end":5760.194},{"text":"Space","start":5760.194,"end":5760.483},{"text":"Policy","start":5760.579,"end":5760.98},{"text":"Directive","start":5760.98,"end":5761.51},{"text":"3","start":5761.51,"end":5761.799},{"text":"and","start":5761.943,"end":5762.007},{"text":"2018,","start":5762.023,"end":5762.794},{"text":"many","start":5763.452,"end":5763.677},{"text":"of","start":5763.709,"end":5763.79},{"text":"these","start":5763.79,"end":5763.918},{"text":"responsibilities","start":5764.014,"end":5764.801},{"text":"are","start":5765.058,"end":5765.09},{"text":"now","start":5765.09,"end":5765.379},{"text":"planned","start":5765.379,"end":5765.668},{"text":"for","start":5765.7,"end":5765.861},{"text":"transition","start":5765.861,"end":5766.391},{"text":"to","start":5766.599,"end":5766.696},{"text":"a","start":5766.696,"end":5766.76},{"text":"civilian","start":5766.76,"end":5767.306},{"text":"system","start":5767.306,"end":5767.788},{"text":"administered","start":5768.045,"end":5768.526},{"text":"by","start":5768.526,"end":5768.687},{"text":"the","start":5768.687,"end":5768.831},{"text":"U.S.","start":5768.831,"end":5769.024}]},{"text":"Department of Commerce and their Traffic Coordination System for Space, or TRACS.","start":5769.072,"end":5773.488,"topics":[{"key":"space-traffic-management","label":"Space Traffic Management and Space Situational Awareness","description":"Delegations highlighted the importance of tracking objects in orbit, issuing conjunction warnings, and coordinating maneuvers in an increasingly crowded space environment. The discussion covered national and regional surveillance systems, data sharing, and governance frameworks for safer operations."}],"words":[{"text":"Department","start":5769.072,"end":5769.49},{"text":"of","start":5769.49,"end":5769.554},{"text":"Commerce","start":5769.57,"end":5769.939},{"text":"and","start":5770.357,"end":5770.437},{"text":"their","start":5770.453,"end":5770.598},{"text":"Traffic","start":5770.598,"end":5771.015},{"text":"Coordination","start":5771.015,"end":5771.722},{"text":"System","start":5771.722,"end":5772.059},{"text":"for","start":5772.123,"end":5772.251},{"text":"Space,","start":5772.251,"end":5772.781},{"text":"or","start":5772.926,"end":5772.974},{"text":"TRACS.","start":5773.086,"end":5773.488}]},{"text":"We look forward to providing additional updates on the progress of these efforts to this subcommittee and the full committee.","start":5774.066,"end":5779.493,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":5774.066,"end":5774.194},{"text":"look","start":5774.226,"end":5774.339},{"text":"forward","start":5774.387,"end":5774.788},{"text":"to","start":5774.788,"end":5774.885},{"text":"providing","start":5774.885,"end":5775.254},{"text":"additional","start":5775.334,"end":5775.752},{"text":"updates","start":5775.752,"end":5776.201},{"text":"on","start":5776.378,"end":5776.458},{"text":"the","start":5776.458,"end":5776.538},{"text":"progress","start":5776.538,"end":5776.956},{"text":"of","start":5776.956,"end":5777.036},{"text":"these","start":5777.036,"end":5777.261},{"text":"efforts","start":5777.261,"end":5777.679},{"text":"to","start":5777.679,"end":5777.823},{"text":"this","start":5777.823,"end":5777.919},{"text":"subcommittee","start":5777.919,"end":5778.674},{"text":"and","start":5778.722,"end":5778.786},{"text":"the","start":5778.867,"end":5778.947},{"text":"full","start":5778.947,"end":5779.108},{"text":"committee.","start":5779.124,"end":5779.493}]},{"text":"These initiatives build upon a long history of the United States promoting the safe, responsible, and sustainable use of outer space and underscores our commitment to the UN COPUAS-21 Guidelines for the Long-Term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities.","start":5780.328,"end":5793.537,"topics":[{"key":"space-sustainability","label":"Long-Term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities","description":"Several delegations emphasized implementation of the COPUOS Long-Term Sustainability Guidelines and the need for continued work beyond the current mandate. The topic included national laws, reporting on implementation, information-sharing tools, and preserving space for future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"These","start":5780.328,"end":5780.488},{"text":"initiatives","start":5780.488,"end":5781.05},{"text":"build","start":5781.115,"end":5781.307},{"text":"upon","start":5781.307,"end":5781.548},{"text":"a","start":5781.596,"end":5781.677},{"text":"long","start":5781.677,"end":5781.821},{"text":"history","start":5781.917,"end":5782.223},{"text":"of","start":5782.479,"end":5782.56},{"text":"the","start":5782.56,"end":5782.64},{"text":"United","start":5782.64,"end":5782.897},{"text":"States","start":5782.897,"end":5783.298},{"text":"promoting","start":5783.298,"end":5783.668},{"text":"the","start":5783.7,"end":5783.796},{"text":"safe,","start":5783.796,"end":5784.278},{"text":"responsible,","start":5784.342,"end":5785},{"text":"and","start":5785.145,"end":5785.241},{"text":"sustainable","start":5785.241,"end":5785.851},{"text":"use","start":5785.851,"end":5786.044},{"text":"of","start":5786.108,"end":5786.189},{"text":"outer","start":5786.253,"end":5786.413},{"text":"space","start":5786.413,"end":5786.718},{"text":"and","start":5787.152,"end":5787.216},{"text":"underscores","start":5787.296,"end":5787.874},{"text":"our","start":5787.89,"end":5788.034},{"text":"commitment","start":5788.034,"end":5788.58},{"text":"to","start":5788.58,"end":5788.692},{"text":"the","start":5788.756,"end":5788.901},{"text":"UN","start":5788.901,"end":5789.045},{"text":"COPUAS-21","start":5789.141,"end":5790.008},{"text":"Guidelines","start":5790.104,"end":5790.649},{"text":"for","start":5790.778,"end":5790.906},{"text":"the","start":5790.906,"end":5791.002},{"text":"Long-Term","start":5791.002,"end":5791.5},{"text":"Sustainability","start":5791.5,"end":5792.254},{"text":"of","start":5792.43,"end":5792.591},{"text":"Outer","start":5792.591,"end":5792.703},{"text":"Space","start":5792.703,"end":5792.96},{"text":"Activities.","start":5793.072,"end":5793.537}]},{"text":"Under the leadership of Mr. Umama Heshwaran, the LTS Working Group has made progress in advancing the 3 pillars of its work plan, but there is still much work to be done even as we quickly approach the end of our mandate.","start":5794.275,"end":5805.297,"topics":[{"key":"space-sustainability","label":"Long-Term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities","description":"Several delegations emphasized implementation of the COPUOS Long-Term Sustainability Guidelines and the need for continued work beyond the current mandate. The topic included national laws, reporting on implementation, information-sharing tools, and preserving space for future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"Under","start":5794.275,"end":5794.452},{"text":"the","start":5794.452,"end":5794.532},{"text":"leadership","start":5794.532,"end":5795.094},{"text":"of","start":5795.094,"end":5795.19},{"text":"Mr.","start":5795.19,"end":5795.43},{"text":"Umama","start":5795.495,"end":5795.864},{"text":"Heshwaran,","start":5795.88,"end":5796.425},{"text":"the","start":5796.698,"end":5796.842},{"text":"LTS","start":5796.842,"end":5797.324},{"text":"Working","start":5797.324,"end":5797.596},{"text":"Group","start":5797.645,"end":5797.901},{"text":"has","start":5797.901,"end":5798.03},{"text":"made","start":5798.062,"end":5798.286},{"text":"progress","start":5798.286,"end":5798.655},{"text":"in","start":5798.864,"end":5798.944},{"text":"advancing","start":5798.944,"end":5799.345},{"text":"the","start":5799.345,"end":5799.425},{"text":"3","start":5799.425,"end":5799.666},{"text":"pillars","start":5799.666,"end":5800.003},{"text":"of","start":5800.003,"end":5800.083},{"text":"its","start":5800.083,"end":5800.228},{"text":"work","start":5800.228,"end":5800.468},{"text":"plan,","start":5800.468,"end":5800.741},{"text":"but","start":5801.11,"end":5801.222},{"text":"there","start":5801.254,"end":5801.367},{"text":"is","start":5801.367,"end":5801.431},{"text":"still","start":5801.431,"end":5801.623},{"text":"much","start":5801.672,"end":5801.896},{"text":"work","start":5801.912,"end":5802.089},{"text":"to","start":5802.153,"end":5802.217},{"text":"be","start":5802.217,"end":5802.377},{"text":"done","start":5802.377,"end":5802.602},{"text":"even","start":5803.035,"end":5803.164},{"text":"as","start":5803.212,"end":5803.324},{"text":"we","start":5803.356,"end":5803.436},{"text":"quickly","start":5803.436,"end":5803.902},{"text":"approach","start":5803.902,"end":5804.271},{"text":"the","start":5804.383,"end":5804.511},{"text":"end","start":5804.559,"end":5804.704},{"text":"of","start":5804.704,"end":5804.752},{"text":"our","start":5804.784,"end":5804.88},{"text":"mandate.","start":5804.88,"end":5805.297}]},{"text":"It is difficult to overstate the impact that the LTS guidelines have had on the international space community.","start":5806.18,"end":5811.266,"topics":[{"key":"space-sustainability","label":"Long-Term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities","description":"Several delegations emphasized implementation of the COPUOS Long-Term Sustainability Guidelines and the need for continued work beyond the current mandate. The topic included national laws, reporting on implementation, information-sharing tools, and preserving space for future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":5806.18,"end":5806.26},{"text":"is","start":5806.26,"end":5806.372},{"text":"difficult","start":5806.421,"end":5806.79},{"text":"to","start":5806.79,"end":5806.854},{"text":"overstate","start":5806.95,"end":5807.415},{"text":"the","start":5807.528,"end":5807.656},{"text":"impact","start":5807.688,"end":5808.153},{"text":"that","start":5808.153,"end":5808.25},{"text":"the","start":5808.25,"end":5808.362},{"text":"LTS","start":5808.41,"end":5808.795},{"text":"guidelines","start":5808.811,"end":5809.357},{"text":"have","start":5809.357,"end":5809.533},{"text":"had","start":5809.533,"end":5809.758},{"text":"on","start":5809.758,"end":5809.806},{"text":"the","start":5809.854,"end":5810.062},{"text":"international","start":5810.079,"end":5810.528},{"text":"space","start":5810.56,"end":5810.897},{"text":"community.","start":5810.897,"end":5811.266}]},{"text":"Member states, including my own, have used these guidelines to inform policies, operating procedures, and regulations.","start":5812.004,"end":5818.158,"topics":[{"key":"space-sustainability","label":"Long-Term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities","description":"Several delegations emphasized implementation of the COPUOS Long-Term Sustainability Guidelines and the need for continued work beyond the current mandate. The topic included national laws, reporting on implementation, information-sharing tools, and preserving space for future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"Member","start":5812.004,"end":5812.244},{"text":"states,","start":5812.244,"end":5812.597},{"text":"including","start":5812.678,"end":5813.03},{"text":"my","start":5813.046,"end":5813.222},{"text":"own,","start":5813.222,"end":5813.431},{"text":"have","start":5813.847,"end":5813.96},{"text":"used","start":5814.008,"end":5814.184},{"text":"these","start":5814.184,"end":5814.312},{"text":"guidelines","start":5814.344,"end":5814.873},{"text":"to","start":5814.889,"end":5814.985},{"text":"inform","start":5814.985,"end":5815.386},{"text":"policies,","start":5815.386,"end":5815.915},{"text":"operating","start":5816.251,"end":5816.636},{"text":"procedures,","start":5816.652,"end":5817.229},{"text":"and","start":5817.309,"end":5817.373},{"text":"regulations.","start":5817.389,"end":5818.158}]},{"text":"They demonstrate that this committee can produce substantive, technically rigorous, and meaningful consensus-based outcomes that have a lasting effect.","start":5818.911,"end":5826.106,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"They","start":5818.911,"end":5819.055},{"text":"demonstrate","start":5819.055,"end":5819.632},{"text":"that","start":5819.632,"end":5819.793},{"text":"this","start":5819.793,"end":5819.953},{"text":"committee","start":5819.953,"end":5820.241},{"text":"can","start":5820.273,"end":5820.402},{"text":"produce","start":5820.434,"end":5820.85},{"text":"substantive,","start":5820.85,"end":5821.555},{"text":"technically","start":5821.635,"end":5822.116},{"text":"rigorous,","start":5822.116,"end":5822.549},{"text":"and","start":5822.757,"end":5822.821},{"text":"meaningful","start":5822.917,"end":5823.382},{"text":"consensus-based","start":5823.542,"end":5824.344},{"text":"outcomes","start":5824.344,"end":5824.808},{"text":"that","start":5824.905,"end":5825.001},{"text":"have","start":5825.001,"end":5825.161},{"text":"a","start":5825.161,"end":5825.241},{"text":"lasting","start":5825.241,"end":5825.642},{"text":"effect.","start":5825.642,"end":5826.106}]},{"text":"As the second iteration of the LTS Working Group reaches the end of its mandate, my delegation would like to highlight the numerous conference room papers submitted by member states detailing their implementation efforts, potential new challenges, capacity-building initiatives, and possible recommendations for future work.","start":5826.844,"end":5842.235,"topics":[{"key":"space-sustainability","label":"Long-Term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities","description":"Several delegations emphasized implementation of the COPUOS Long-Term Sustainability Guidelines and the need for continued work beyond the current mandate. The topic included national laws, reporting on implementation, information-sharing tools, and preserving space for future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":5826.844,"end":5826.892},{"text":"the","start":5826.924,"end":5827.02},{"text":"second","start":5827.02,"end":5827.404},{"text":"iteration","start":5827.404,"end":5827.933},{"text":"of","start":5828.029,"end":5828.126},{"text":"the","start":5828.126,"end":5828.27},{"text":"LTS","start":5828.27,"end":5828.67},{"text":"Working","start":5828.686,"end":5828.975},{"text":"Group","start":5829.007,"end":5829.391},{"text":"reaches","start":5829.391,"end":5829.648},{"text":"the","start":5829.648,"end":5829.76},{"text":"end","start":5829.808,"end":5829.952},{"text":"of","start":5829.952,"end":5830.049},{"text":"its","start":5830.049,"end":5830.193},{"text":"mandate,","start":5830.193,"end":5830.673},{"text":"my","start":5830.994,"end":5831.09},{"text":"delegation","start":5831.09,"end":5831.571},{"text":"would","start":5831.571,"end":5831.683},{"text":"like","start":5831.715,"end":5831.811},{"text":"to","start":5831.811,"end":5831.955},{"text":"highlight","start":5831.955,"end":5832.372},{"text":"the","start":5832.372,"end":5832.452},{"text":"numerous","start":5832.452,"end":5832.917},{"text":"conference","start":5832.917,"end":5833.253},{"text":"room","start":5833.253,"end":5833.414},{"text":"papers","start":5833.414,"end":5833.75},{"text":"submitted","start":5833.75,"end":5834.135},{"text":"by","start":5834.135,"end":5834.231},{"text":"member","start":5834.231,"end":5834.535},{"text":"states","start":5834.535,"end":5835.048},{"text":"detailing","start":5835.321,"end":5835.705},{"text":"their","start":5835.737,"end":5835.962},{"text":"implementation","start":5835.962,"end":5836.587},{"text":"efforts,","start":5836.619,"end":5837.019},{"text":"potential","start":5837.34,"end":5837.74},{"text":"new","start":5837.74,"end":5837.885},{"text":"challenges,","start":5837.885,"end":5838.349},{"text":"capacity-building","start":5838.702,"end":5839.457},{"text":"initiatives,","start":5839.505,"end":5840.035},{"text":"and","start":5840.388,"end":5840.453},{"text":"possible","start":5840.469,"end":5840.87},{"text":"recommendations","start":5840.87,"end":5841.561},{"text":"for","start":5841.657,"end":5841.737},{"text":"future","start":5841.737,"end":5842.058},{"text":"work.","start":5842.058,"end":5842.235}]},{"text":"It is imperative that we find a way to produce a report that accurately highlights these achievements and ideas.","start":5843.038,"end":5848.786,"topics":[{"key":"space-sustainability","label":"Long-Term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities","description":"Several delegations emphasized implementation of the COPUOS Long-Term Sustainability Guidelines and the need for continued work beyond the current mandate. The topic included national laws, reporting on implementation, information-sharing tools, and preserving space for future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":5843.038,"end":5843.118},{"text":"is","start":5843.118,"end":5843.198},{"text":"imperative","start":5843.198,"end":5843.841},{"text":"that","start":5843.841,"end":5844.001},{"text":"we","start":5844.001,"end":5844.081},{"text":"find","start":5844.081,"end":5844.403},{"text":"a","start":5844.403,"end":5844.467},{"text":"way","start":5844.467,"end":5844.724},{"text":"to","start":5844.724,"end":5844.868},{"text":"produce","start":5844.868,"end":5845.703},{"text":"a","start":5845.703,"end":5845.767},{"text":"report","start":5845.767,"end":5846.394},{"text":"that","start":5846.394,"end":5846.554},{"text":"accurately","start":5846.554,"end":5847.02},{"text":"highlights","start":5847.036,"end":5847.518},{"text":"these","start":5847.518,"end":5847.662},{"text":"achievements","start":5847.71,"end":5848.208},{"text":"and","start":5848.32,"end":5848.401},{"text":"ideas.","start":5848.417,"end":5848.786}]},{"text":"If we do not, we risk other international fora stepping in to address and the incorrect perception that UN COPUUS has not made valuable progress on long-term sustainability.","start":5849.444,"end":5859.014,"topics":[{"key":"space-sustainability","label":"Long-Term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities","description":"Several delegations emphasized implementation of the COPUOS Long-Term Sustainability Guidelines and the need for continued work beyond the current mandate. The topic included national laws, reporting on implementation, information-sharing tools, and preserving space for future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"If","start":5849.444,"end":5849.541},{"text":"we","start":5849.541,"end":5849.685},{"text":"do","start":5849.685,"end":5849.782},{"text":"not,","start":5849.782,"end":5850.183},{"text":"we","start":5850.263,"end":5850.424},{"text":"risk","start":5850.424,"end":5850.729},{"text":"other","start":5850.729,"end":5850.889},{"text":"international","start":5850.905,"end":5851.467},{"text":"fora","start":5851.467,"end":5851.724},{"text":"stepping","start":5851.724,"end":5852.094},{"text":"in","start":5852.19,"end":5852.238},{"text":"to","start":5852.335,"end":5852.447},{"text":"address","start":5852.447,"end":5852.784},{"text":"and","start":5853.539,"end":5853.635},{"text":"the","start":5853.635,"end":5853.844},{"text":"incorrect","start":5853.86,"end":5854.39},{"text":"perception","start":5854.582,"end":5855.032},{"text":"that","start":5855.16,"end":5855.321},{"text":"UN","start":5855.321,"end":5855.546},{"text":"COPUUS","start":5855.546,"end":5856.028},{"text":"has","start":5856.028,"end":5856.172},{"text":"not","start":5856.204,"end":5856.445},{"text":"made","start":5856.445,"end":5856.638},{"text":"valuable","start":5856.686,"end":5857.071},{"text":"progress","start":5857.087,"end":5857.681},{"text":"on","start":5857.794,"end":5857.858},{"text":"long-term","start":5857.89,"end":5858.243},{"text":"sustainability.","start":5858.243,"end":5859.014}]},{"text":"My delegation is optimistic that we will find a way forward and produce a substantive report that highlights member states' many accomplishments, identifies areas of future work, and produces practical consensus-based recommendations.","start":5859.656,"end":5871.514,"topics":[{"key":"space-sustainability","label":"Long-Term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities","description":"Several delegations emphasized implementation of the COPUOS Long-Term Sustainability Guidelines and the need for continued work beyond the current mandate. The topic included national laws, reporting on implementation, information-sharing tools, and preserving space for future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"My","start":5859.656,"end":5859.817},{"text":"delegation","start":5859.817,"end":5860.363},{"text":"is","start":5860.363,"end":5860.427},{"text":"optimistic","start":5860.523,"end":5861.085},{"text":"that","start":5861.166,"end":5861.262},{"text":"we","start":5861.262,"end":5861.342},{"text":"will","start":5861.342,"end":5861.503},{"text":"find","start":5861.503,"end":5861.744},{"text":"a","start":5861.744,"end":5861.808},{"text":"way","start":5861.808,"end":5861.904},{"text":"forward","start":5861.904,"end":5862.466},{"text":"and","start":5862.466,"end":5862.53},{"text":"produce","start":5862.53,"end":5862.803},{"text":"a","start":5862.803,"end":5862.868},{"text":"substantive","start":5862.868,"end":5863.414},{"text":"report","start":5863.414,"end":5863.879},{"text":"that","start":5864.072,"end":5864.217},{"text":"highlights","start":5864.217,"end":5864.779},{"text":"member","start":5864.779,"end":5865.036},{"text":"states'","start":5865.036,"end":5865.358},{"text":"many","start":5865.358,"end":5865.567},{"text":"accomplishments,","start":5865.599,"end":5866.387},{"text":"identifies","start":5866.724,"end":5867.255},{"text":"areas","start":5867.367,"end":5867.576},{"text":"of","start":5867.624,"end":5867.689},{"text":"future","start":5867.689,"end":5868.074},{"text":"work,","start":5868.074,"end":5868.348},{"text":"and","start":5868.717,"end":5868.798},{"text":"produces","start":5868.798,"end":5869.184},{"text":"practical","start":5869.216,"end":5869.762},{"text":"consensus-based","start":5869.859,"end":5870.743},{"text":"recommendations.","start":5870.743,"end":5871.514}]},{"text":"Thank you, Chair.","start":5871.788,"end":5872.27,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":5871.788,"end":5871.948},{"text":"you,","start":5871.948,"end":5872.013},{"text":"Chair.","start":5872.029,"end":5872.27}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"USA","affiliation_full":"United States of America","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":35,"start":5874.092,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1a/k1ad4k1m9e?t=5875","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of the United States of America for the statement.","start":5874.092,"end":5878.076,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":5874.092,"end":5874.14},{"text":"thank","start":5874.173,"end":5874.351},{"text":"the","start":5874.351,"end":5874.481},{"text":"distinguished","start":5874.481,"end":5874.983},{"text":"representative","start":5874.983,"end":5875.711},{"text":"of","start":5875.711,"end":5875.841},{"text":"the","start":5875.857,"end":5875.922},{"text":"United","start":5875.922,"end":5876.278},{"text":"States","start":5876.278,"end":5876.618},{"text":"of","start":5876.618,"end":5876.683},{"text":"America","start":5876.683,"end":5877.169},{"text":"for","start":5877.169,"end":5877.315},{"text":"the","start":5877.395,"end":5877.476},{"text":"statement.","start":5877.476,"end":5878.076}]},{"text":"Next speaker on my list is the distinguished representative of New Zealand.","start":5878.691,"end":5882.124,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next","start":5878.691,"end":5878.869},{"text":"speaker","start":5878.869,"end":5879.274},{"text":"on","start":5879.274,"end":5879.404},{"text":"my","start":5879.436,"end":5879.582},{"text":"list","start":5879.582,"end":5879.857},{"text":"is","start":5879.857,"end":5879.97},{"text":"the","start":5879.987,"end":5880.084},{"text":"distinguished","start":5880.084,"end":5880.634},{"text":"representative","start":5880.634,"end":5881.298},{"text":"of","start":5881.298,"end":5881.428},{"text":"New","start":5881.525,"end":5881.622},{"text":"Zealand.","start":5881.622,"end":5882.124}]},{"text":"You have the floor.","start":5882.254,"end":5882.867,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"You","start":5882.254,"end":5882.335},{"text":"have","start":5882.335,"end":5882.432},{"text":"the","start":5882.432,"end":5882.512},{"text":"floor.","start":5882.512,"end":5882.867}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"COPUOS","affiliation_full":"COPUOS","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":36,"start":5886.942,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1a/k1ad4k1m9e?t=5887","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Chair, distinguished delegates, New Zealand would like to thank the the Chair of the Working Group on the Long-Term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities, and the Secretariat for their ongoing efforts to advance this important work.","start":5886.942,"end":5902.272,"topics":[{"key":"space-sustainability","label":"Long-Term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities","description":"Several delegations emphasized implementation of the COPUOS Long-Term Sustainability Guidelines and the need for continued work beyond the current mandate. The topic included national laws, reporting on implementation, information-sharing tools, and preserving space for future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"Chair,","start":5886.942,"end":5887.264},{"text":"distinguished","start":5887.651,"end":5888.247},{"text":"delegates,","start":5888.312,"end":5888.843},{"text":"New","start":5889.455,"end":5889.6},{"text":"Zealand","start":5889.6,"end":5890.18},{"text":"would","start":5890.245,"end":5890.406},{"text":"like","start":5890.406,"end":5890.647},{"text":"to","start":5890.647,"end":5890.792},{"text":"thank","start":5890.792,"end":5891.211},{"text":"the","start":5891.211,"end":5891.292},{"text":"the","start":5891.29,"end":5891.322},{"text":"Chair","start":5891.322,"end":5891.805},{"text":"of","start":5891.805,"end":5891.934},{"text":"the","start":5891.966,"end":5892.046},{"text":"Working","start":5892.046,"end":5892.336},{"text":"Group","start":5892.433,"end":5892.707},{"text":"on","start":5893.093,"end":5893.141},{"text":"the","start":5893.157,"end":5893.222},{"text":"Long-Term","start":5893.254,"end":5893.786},{"text":"Sustainability","start":5893.818,"end":5894.832},{"text":"of","start":5895.025,"end":5895.154},{"text":"Outer","start":5895.331,"end":5895.509},{"text":"Space","start":5895.509,"end":5895.976},{"text":"Activities,","start":5895.976,"end":5896.604},{"text":"and","start":5897.344,"end":5897.586},{"text":"the","start":5897.586,"end":5897.666},{"text":"Secretariat","start":5897.666,"end":5898.552},{"text":"for","start":5898.955,"end":5899.067},{"text":"their","start":5899.067,"end":5899.325},{"text":"ongoing","start":5899.438,"end":5899.808},{"text":"efforts","start":5899.937,"end":5900.42},{"text":"to","start":5900.501,"end":5900.646},{"text":"advance","start":5900.646,"end":5901.048},{"text":"this","start":5901.29,"end":5901.467},{"text":"important","start":5901.467,"end":5901.886},{"text":"work.","start":5901.95,"end":5902.272}]},{"text":"New Zealand places great importance on space sustainability and takes its role as a launching state very seriously.","start":5903.48,"end":5911.373,"topics":[{"key":"space-sustainability","label":"Long-Term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities","description":"Several delegations emphasized implementation of the COPUOS Long-Term Sustainability Guidelines and the need for continued work beyond the current mandate. The topic included national laws, reporting on implementation, information-sharing tools, and preserving space for future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"New","start":5903.48,"end":5903.642},{"text":"Zealand","start":5903.642,"end":5904.125},{"text":"places","start":5904.125,"end":5904.576},{"text":"great","start":5904.753,"end":5905.059},{"text":"importance","start":5905.091,"end":5905.784},{"text":"on","start":5906.042,"end":5906.122},{"text":"space","start":5906.122,"end":5906.428},{"text":"sustainability","start":5906.525,"end":5907.395},{"text":"and","start":5907.99,"end":5908.055},{"text":"takes","start":5908.071,"end":5908.458},{"text":"its","start":5908.458,"end":5908.57},{"text":"role","start":5908.699,"end":5908.989},{"text":"as","start":5909.102,"end":5909.199},{"text":"a","start":5909.199,"end":5909.343},{"text":"launching","start":5909.343,"end":5909.65},{"text":"state","start":5909.682,"end":5910.191},{"text":"very","start":5910.487,"end":5910.717},{"text":"seriously.","start":5910.749,"end":5911.373}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"International—","start":5917.479,"end":5918.04,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"International—","start":5917.479,"end":5918.04}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"we remain committed to to the implementation of the Guidelines for the Long-Term Sustainability of Outer Space.","start":5918.056,"end":5924.081,"topics":[{"key":"space-sustainability","label":"Long-Term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities","description":"Several delegations emphasized implementation of the COPUOS Long-Term Sustainability Guidelines and the need for continued work beyond the current mandate. The topic included national laws, reporting on implementation, information-sharing tools, and preserving space for future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"we","start":5918.056,"end":5918.155},{"text":"remain","start":5918.155,"end":5918.452},{"text":"committed","start":5918.485,"end":5918.964},{"text":"to","start":5918.964,"end":5919.211},{"text":"to","start":5919.04,"end":5919.088},{"text":"the","start":5919.136,"end":5919.216},{"text":"implementation","start":5919.296,"end":5920.083},{"text":"of","start":5920.436,"end":5920.533},{"text":"the","start":5920.533,"end":5920.661},{"text":"Guidelines","start":5920.661,"end":5921.287},{"text":"for","start":5921.384,"end":5921.48},{"text":"the","start":5921.48,"end":5921.625},{"text":"Long-Term","start":5921.625,"end":5922.01},{"text":"Sustainability","start":5922.058,"end":5922.893},{"text":"of","start":5923.311,"end":5923.391},{"text":"Outer","start":5923.471,"end":5923.712},{"text":"Space.","start":5923.712,"end":5924.081}]},{"text":"International collaboration and cooperation are critical for addressing key space sustainability challenges and ensuring humankind can continue to benefit from space technologies.","start":5925.414,"end":5939.11,"topics":[{"key":"space-sustainability","label":"Long-Term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities","description":"Several delegations emphasized implementation of the COPUOS Long-Term Sustainability Guidelines and the need for continued work beyond the current mandate. The topic included national laws, reporting on implementation, information-sharing tools, and preserving space for future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"International","start":5925.414,"end":5926.056},{"text":"collaboration","start":5926.056,"end":5926.907},{"text":"and","start":5927.1,"end":5927.164},{"text":"cooperation","start":5927.244,"end":5928.095},{"text":"are","start":5928.77,"end":5928.802},{"text":"critical","start":5928.802,"end":5929.444},{"text":"for","start":5929.492,"end":5929.733},{"text":"addressing","start":5929.733,"end":5930.199},{"text":"key","start":5930.472,"end":5930.632},{"text":"space","start":5930.729,"end":5931.628},{"text":"sustainability","start":5931.676,"end":5932.559},{"text":"challenges","start":5932.559,"end":5933.169},{"text":"and","start":5933.908,"end":5934.02},{"text":"ensuring","start":5934.068,"end":5934.534},{"text":"humankind","start":5934.711,"end":5935.546},{"text":"can","start":5935.61,"end":5935.819},{"text":"continue","start":5936.092,"end":5936.814},{"text":"to","start":5937.135,"end":5937.232},{"text":"benefit","start":5937.232,"end":5937.665},{"text":"from","start":5937.842,"end":5938.018},{"text":"space","start":5938.018,"end":5938.307},{"text":"technologies.","start":5938.42,"end":5939.11}]},{"text":"New Zealand is pleased to see the continued efforts by member states to report on their implementation of the guidelines.","start":5940.427,"end":5947.781,"topics":[{"key":"space-sustainability","label":"Long-Term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities","description":"Several delegations emphasized implementation of the COPUOS Long-Term Sustainability Guidelines and the need for continued work beyond the current mandate. The topic included national laws, reporting on implementation, information-sharing tools, and preserving space for future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"New","start":5940.427,"end":5940.523},{"text":"Zealand","start":5940.523,"end":5941.053},{"text":"is","start":5941.069,"end":5941.117},{"text":"pleased","start":5941.23,"end":5941.695},{"text":"to","start":5941.695,"end":5941.856},{"text":"see","start":5941.856,"end":5942.177},{"text":"the","start":5942.177,"end":5942.273},{"text":"continued","start":5942.273,"end":5942.884},{"text":"efforts","start":5942.916,"end":5943.205},{"text":"by","start":5943.317,"end":5943.494},{"text":"member","start":5943.494,"end":5943.815},{"text":"states","start":5943.815,"end":5944.361},{"text":"to","start":5944.907,"end":5945.019},{"text":"report","start":5945.019,"end":5945.597},{"text":"on","start":5945.629,"end":5945.726},{"text":"their","start":5945.726,"end":5945.95},{"text":"implementation","start":5945.95,"end":5946.817},{"text":"of","start":5946.93,"end":5947.026},{"text":"the","start":5947.09,"end":5947.155},{"text":"guidelines.","start":5947.155,"end":5947.781}]},{"text":"Not only does this reporting serve as useful guidance for other states on their own implementation journeys, it also helps to develop a picture of the shared challenges in implementing guidelines.","start":5949.258,"end":5963.516,"topics":[{"key":"space-sustainability","label":"Long-Term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities","description":"Several delegations emphasized implementation of the COPUOS Long-Term Sustainability Guidelines and the need for continued work beyond the current mandate. The topic included national laws, reporting on implementation, information-sharing tools, and preserving space for future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"Not","start":5949.258,"end":5949.435},{"text":"only","start":5949.563,"end":5949.868},{"text":"does","start":5949.981,"end":5950.189},{"text":"this","start":5950.237,"end":5950.639},{"text":"reporting","start":5950.848,"end":5951.394},{"text":"serve","start":5951.747,"end":5952.116},{"text":"as","start":5952.293,"end":5952.357},{"text":"useful","start":5952.469,"end":5952.919},{"text":"guidance","start":5952.951,"end":5953.545},{"text":"for","start":5953.577,"end":5953.738},{"text":"other","start":5953.818,"end":5953.979},{"text":"states","start":5953.979,"end":5954.476},{"text":"on","start":5954.878,"end":5954.926},{"text":"their","start":5954.958,"end":5955.231},{"text":"own","start":5955.263,"end":5955.488},{"text":"implementation","start":5955.52,"end":5956.291},{"text":"journeys,","start":5956.403,"end":5956.853},{"text":"it","start":5957.607,"end":5957.736},{"text":"also","start":5957.832,"end":5958.218},{"text":"helps","start":5958.234,"end":5958.539},{"text":"to","start":5958.731,"end":5958.892},{"text":"develop","start":5958.892,"end":5959.374},{"text":"a","start":5959.374,"end":5959.454},{"text":"picture","start":5959.454,"end":5960},{"text":"of","start":5960.417,"end":5960.546},{"text":"the","start":5960.562,"end":5960.642},{"text":"shared","start":5960.642,"end":5961.124},{"text":"challenges","start":5961.124,"end":5961.67},{"text":"in","start":5962.184,"end":5962.312},{"text":"implementing","start":5962.328,"end":5962.874},{"text":"guidelines.","start":5962.97,"end":5963.516}]},{"text":"This is vital for guiding COPUAS's work on sustainability issues.","start":5964.737,"end":5969.778,"topics":[{"key":"space-sustainability","label":"Long-Term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities","description":"Several delegations emphasized implementation of the COPUOS Long-Term Sustainability Guidelines and the need for continued work beyond the current mandate. The topic included national laws, reporting on implementation, information-sharing tools, and preserving space for future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":5964.737,"end":5964.849},{"text":"is","start":5964.994,"end":5965.042},{"text":"vital","start":5965.218,"end":5965.925},{"text":"for","start":5966.262,"end":5966.487},{"text":"guiding","start":5966.503,"end":5966.888},{"text":"COPUAS's","start":5967.065,"end":5967.723},{"text":"work","start":5967.787,"end":5968.108},{"text":"on","start":5968.365,"end":5968.414},{"text":"sustainability","start":5968.462,"end":5969.377},{"text":"issues.","start":5969.473,"end":5969.778}]},{"text":"New Zealand is pleased to see that work has progressed on an open-source information repository to support information sharing, and we expect this will be a valuable tool for advancing efforts on improving the sustainability of space for years to come.","start":5971.363,"end":5989.092,"topics":[{"key":"space-sustainability","label":"Long-Term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities","description":"Several delegations emphasized implementation of the COPUOS Long-Term Sustainability Guidelines and the need for continued work beyond the current mandate. The topic included national laws, reporting on implementation, information-sharing tools, and preserving space for future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"New","start":5971.363,"end":5971.46},{"text":"Zealand","start":5971.46,"end":5971.996},{"text":"is","start":5971.996,"end":5972.061},{"text":"pleased","start":5972.159,"end":5972.5},{"text":"to","start":5972.5,"end":5972.597},{"text":"see","start":5972.597,"end":5972.987},{"text":"that","start":5973.377,"end":5973.539},{"text":"work","start":5973.539,"end":5973.799},{"text":"has","start":5973.799,"end":5973.929},{"text":"progressed","start":5974.027,"end":5974.709},{"text":"on","start":5974.774,"end":5974.822},{"text":"an","start":5974.871,"end":5974.985},{"text":"open-source","start":5975.164,"end":5975.797},{"text":"information","start":5976.154,"end":5976.837},{"text":"repository","start":5976.869,"end":5977.502},{"text":"to","start":5978.022,"end":5978.103},{"text":"support","start":5978.103,"end":5978.591},{"text":"information","start":5978.752,"end":5979.284},{"text":"sharing,","start":5979.38,"end":5979.686},{"text":"and","start":5980.91,"end":5980.99},{"text":"we","start":5980.99,"end":5981.168},{"text":"expect","start":5981.168,"end":5981.812},{"text":"this","start":5981.812,"end":5982.037},{"text":"will","start":5982.037,"end":5982.134},{"text":"be","start":5982.134,"end":5982.23},{"text":"a","start":5982.456,"end":5982.472},{"text":"valuable","start":5982.472,"end":5983.084},{"text":"tool","start":5983.164,"end":5983.358},{"text":"for","start":5983.969,"end":5984.13},{"text":"advancing","start":5984.13,"end":5984.597},{"text":"efforts","start":5984.71,"end":5985.081},{"text":"on","start":5985.66,"end":5985.741},{"text":"improving","start":5985.741,"end":5986.288},{"text":"the","start":5986.465,"end":5986.546},{"text":"sustainability","start":5986.546,"end":5987.512},{"text":"of","start":5987.512,"end":5987.576},{"text":"space","start":5987.609,"end":5987.963},{"text":"for","start":5988.334,"end":5988.543},{"text":"years","start":5988.56,"end":5988.705},{"text":"to","start":5988.818,"end":5988.914},{"text":"come.","start":5988.914,"end":5989.092}]},{"text":"As we move towards the working group's conclusion, New Zealand looks forward to engaging on the development of the final report on the key elements of the Working Group's mandate.","start":5990.898,"end":6002.413,"topics":[{"key":"space-sustainability","label":"Long-Term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities","description":"Several delegations emphasized implementation of the COPUOS Long-Term Sustainability Guidelines and the need for continued work beyond the current mandate. The topic included national laws, reporting on implementation, information-sharing tools, and preserving space for future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":5990.898,"end":5990.963},{"text":"we","start":5991.06,"end":5991.157},{"text":"move","start":5991.157,"end":5991.366},{"text":"towards","start":5991.463,"end":5991.931},{"text":"the","start":5992.108,"end":5992.173},{"text":"working","start":5992.205,"end":5992.495},{"text":"group's","start":5992.528,"end":5992.931},{"text":"conclusion,","start":5992.931,"end":5993.544},{"text":"New","start":5994.544,"end":5994.705},{"text":"Zealand","start":5994.705,"end":5995.238},{"text":"looks","start":5995.334,"end":5995.802},{"text":"forward","start":5995.63,"end":5995.969},{"text":"to","start":5995.969,"end":5996.066},{"text":"engaging","start":5996.066,"end":5996.679},{"text":"on","start":5996.873,"end":5996.922},{"text":"the","start":5996.938,"end":5997.051},{"text":"development","start":5997.051,"end":5997.826},{"text":"of","start":5997.842,"end":5997.923},{"text":"the","start":5997.923,"end":5998.068},{"text":"final","start":5998.068,"end":5998.537},{"text":"report","start":5998.553,"end":5999.102},{"text":"on","start":5999.603,"end":5999.651},{"text":"the","start":5999.683,"end":5999.845},{"text":"key","start":5999.845,"end":6000.119},{"text":"elements","start":6000.249,"end":6000.782},{"text":"of","start":6000.895,"end":6000.991},{"text":"the","start":6000.991,"end":6001.024},{"text":"Working","start":6001.137,"end":6001.444},{"text":"Group's","start":6001.476,"end":6001.864},{"text":"mandate.","start":6001.864,"end":6002.413}]},{"text":"Reaching consensus on a substantive final report in 2026 will be important as we continue to work together to improve the sustainability of space.","start":6003.749,"end":6015.789,"topics":[{"key":"space-sustainability","label":"Long-Term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities","description":"Several delegations emphasized implementation of the COPUOS Long-Term Sustainability Guidelines and the need for continued work beyond the current mandate. The topic included national laws, reporting on implementation, information-sharing tools, and preserving space for future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"Reaching","start":6003.749,"end":6003.91},{"text":"consensus","start":6003.926,"end":6004.618},{"text":"on","start":6005.149,"end":6005.246},{"text":"a","start":6005.246,"end":6005.262},{"text":"substantive","start":6005.31,"end":6006.244},{"text":"final","start":6006.357,"end":6006.76},{"text":"report","start":6006.76,"end":6007.371},{"text":"in","start":6007.484,"end":6007.516},{"text":"2026","start":6007.645,"end":6008.643},{"text":"will","start":6009.481,"end":6009.561},{"text":"be","start":6009.642,"end":6009.883},{"text":"important","start":6009.899,"end":6010.688},{"text":"as","start":6011.413,"end":6011.477},{"text":"we","start":6011.574,"end":6011.671},{"text":"continue","start":6011.671,"end":6012.17},{"text":"to","start":6012.234,"end":6012.331},{"text":"work","start":6012.395,"end":6012.572},{"text":"together","start":6012.572,"end":6013.104},{"text":"to","start":6013.43,"end":6013.594},{"text":"improve","start":6013.594,"end":6014.069},{"text":"the","start":6014.167,"end":6014.232},{"text":"sustainability","start":6014.249,"end":6015.134},{"text":"of","start":6015.33,"end":6015.428},{"text":"space.","start":6015.428,"end":6015.789}]},{"text":"Thank you, Chair.","start":6016.477,"end":6016.968,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":6016.477,"end":6016.657},{"text":"you,","start":6016.706,"end":6016.739},{"text":"Chair.","start":6016.788,"end":6016.968}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"NZL","affiliation_full":"New Zealand","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":37,"start":6019.046,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1a/k1ad4k1m9e?t=6020","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of New Zealand for Next speaker on my list is a distinguished representative of the Philippines.","start":6019.046,"end":6026.253,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":6019.046,"end":6019.063},{"text":"thank","start":6019.063,"end":6019.297},{"text":"the","start":6019.297,"end":6019.397},{"text":"distinguished","start":6019.397,"end":6019.964},{"text":"representative","start":6019.964,"end":6020.632},{"text":"of","start":6020.632,"end":6020.698},{"text":"New","start":6020.815,"end":6020.915},{"text":"Zealand","start":6020.915,"end":6021.383},{"text":"for","start":6021.383,"end":6021.583},{"text":"Next","start":6022.708,"end":6022.985},{"text":"speaker","start":6022.985,"end":6023.278},{"text":"on","start":6023.278,"end":6023.359},{"text":"my","start":6023.359,"end":6023.521},{"text":"list","start":6023.586,"end":6023.847},{"text":"is","start":6023.847,"end":6023.977},{"text":"a","start":6024.009,"end":6024.025},{"text":"distinguished","start":6024.09,"end":6024.643},{"text":"representative","start":6024.643,"end":6025.44},{"text":"of","start":6025.472,"end":6025.521},{"text":"the","start":6025.619,"end":6025.7},{"text":"Philippines.","start":6025.7,"end":6026.253}]},{"text":"You have the floor.","start":6026.367,"end":6027.001,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"You","start":6026.367,"end":6026.448},{"text":"have","start":6026.448,"end":6026.675},{"text":"the","start":6026.675,"end":6026.773},{"text":"floor.","start":6026.773,"end":6027.001}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"COPUOS","affiliation_full":"COPUOS","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":38,"start":6029.07,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1a/k1ad4k1m9e?t=6030","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Madam Chair. The Philippine Space Act defines an effective national legal framework for supporting the development and implementation of safe, responsible, and sustainable national space activities for the Philippines.","start":6029.07,"end":6040.939,"topics":[{"key":"space-sustainability","label":"Long-Term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities","description":"Several delegations emphasized implementation of the COPUOS Long-Term Sustainability Guidelines and the need for continued work beyond the current mandate. The topic included national laws, reporting on implementation, information-sharing tools, and preserving space for future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":6029.07,"end":6029.166},{"text":"you,","start":6029.166,"end":6029.263},{"text":"Madam","start":6029.279,"end":6029.554},{"text":"Chair.","start":6029.667,"end":6030.006},{"text":"The","start":6030.474,"end":6030.554},{"text":"Philippine","start":6030.554,"end":6030.958},{"text":"Space","start":6030.958,"end":6031.232},{"text":"Act","start":6031.426,"end":6031.652},{"text":"defines","start":6031.684,"end":6032.088},{"text":"an","start":6032.168,"end":6032.249},{"text":"effective","start":6032.249,"end":6032.798},{"text":"national","start":6032.991,"end":6033.379},{"text":"legal","start":6033.379,"end":6033.685},{"text":"framework","start":6033.685,"end":6034.121},{"text":"for","start":6034.186,"end":6034.299},{"text":"supporting","start":6034.299,"end":6034.799},{"text":"the","start":6034.831,"end":6034.912},{"text":"development","start":6034.912,"end":6035.703},{"text":"and","start":6036.025,"end":6036.106},{"text":"implementation","start":6036.106,"end":6036.816},{"text":"of","start":6036.913,"end":6036.978},{"text":"safe,","start":6037.01,"end":6037.397},{"text":"responsible,","start":6037.413,"end":6038.204},{"text":"and","start":6038.285,"end":6038.35},{"text":"sustainable","start":6038.35,"end":6038.851},{"text":"national","start":6038.851,"end":6039.223},{"text":"space","start":6039.223,"end":6039.482},{"text":"activities","start":6039.579,"end":6040.13},{"text":"for","start":6040.162,"end":6040.308},{"text":"the","start":6040.324,"end":6040.405},{"text":"Philippines.","start":6040.405,"end":6040.939}]},{"text":"In our efforts to contribute to the long-term sustainability in outer space, the Philippine Space Act mandates compliance to the out— the UN Outer Space Treaties.","start":6041.635,"end":6049.989,"topics":[{"key":"space-sustainability","label":"Long-Term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities","description":"Several delegations emphasized implementation of the COPUOS Long-Term Sustainability Guidelines and the need for continued work beyond the current mandate. The topic included national laws, reporting on implementation, information-sharing tools, and preserving space for future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":6041.635,"end":6041.699},{"text":"our","start":6041.716,"end":6041.845},{"text":"efforts","start":6041.845,"end":6042.185},{"text":"to","start":6042.185,"end":6042.314},{"text":"contribute","start":6042.331,"end":6042.816},{"text":"to","start":6042.816,"end":6042.849},{"text":"the","start":6042.913,"end":6043.059},{"text":"long-term","start":6043.059,"end":6043.48},{"text":"sustainability","start":6043.48,"end":6044.176},{"text":"in","start":6044.208,"end":6044.256},{"text":"outer","start":6044.354,"end":6044.613},{"text":"space,","start":6044.613,"end":6044.985},{"text":"the","start":6045.422,"end":6045.519},{"text":"Philippine","start":6045.519,"end":6045.859},{"text":"Space","start":6045.891,"end":6046.182},{"text":"Act","start":6046.377,"end":6046.781},{"text":"mandates","start":6046.781,"end":6049.095},{"text":"compliance","start":6047.26,"end":6047.854},{"text":"to","start":6047.854,"end":6047.998},{"text":"the","start":6047.998,"end":6048.062},{"text":"out—","start":6048.159,"end":6048.351},{"text":"the","start":6048.496,"end":6048.576},{"text":"UN","start":6048.64,"end":6048.849},{"text":"Outer","start":6048.962,"end":6049.202},{"text":"Space","start":6049.202,"end":6049.524},{"text":"Treaties.","start":6049.524,"end":6049.989}]},{"text":"Our accession to the Registration Convention reinforces our stance as a responsible spacefaring nation and further develops cooperation together with and among space actors.","start":6050.503,"end":6061.117,"topics":[{"key":"space-sustainability","label":"Long-Term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities","description":"Several delegations emphasized implementation of the COPUOS Long-Term Sustainability Guidelines and the need for continued work beyond the current mandate. The topic included national laws, reporting on implementation, information-sharing tools, and preserving space for future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"Our","start":6050.503,"end":6050.664},{"text":"accession","start":6050.664,"end":6051.113},{"text":"to","start":6051.209,"end":6051.306},{"text":"the","start":6051.306,"end":6051.434},{"text":"Registration","start":6051.45,"end":6051.996},{"text":"Convention","start":6052.093,"end":6052.639},{"text":"reinforces","start":6053.136,"end":6053.763},{"text":"our","start":6053.811,"end":6053.955},{"text":"stance","start":6053.955,"end":6054.549},{"text":"as","start":6054.597,"end":6054.726},{"text":"a","start":6054.758,"end":6054.774},{"text":"responsible","start":6054.774,"end":6055.545},{"text":"spacefaring","start":6055.545,"end":6056.171},{"text":"nation","start":6056.267,"end":6056.637},{"text":"and","start":6057.167,"end":6057.231},{"text":"further","start":6057.247,"end":6057.632},{"text":"develops","start":6057.729,"end":6058.226},{"text":"cooperation","start":6058.274,"end":6059.013},{"text":"together","start":6059.013,"end":6059.495},{"text":"with","start":6059.495,"end":6059.736},{"text":"and","start":6059.736,"end":6059.88},{"text":"among","start":6059.88,"end":6060.153},{"text":"space","start":6060.153,"end":6060.506},{"text":"actors.","start":6060.763,"end":6061.117}]},{"text":"Having concerted efforts to abide by and with the existing regimes in outer space prevents disruption and instabilities of the global space ecosystem.","start":6061.727,"end":6070.895,"topics":[{"key":"space-sustainability","label":"Long-Term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities","description":"Several delegations emphasized implementation of the COPUOS Long-Term Sustainability Guidelines and the need for continued work beyond the current mandate. The topic included national laws, reporting on implementation, information-sharing tools, and preserving space for future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"Having","start":6061.727,"end":6061.984},{"text":"concerted","start":6062.048,"end":6062.562},{"text":"efforts","start":6062.61,"end":6062.899},{"text":"to","start":6063.011,"end":6063.075},{"text":"abide","start":6063.092,"end":6063.477},{"text":"by","start":6063.509,"end":6063.734},{"text":"and","start":6063.814,"end":6063.878},{"text":"with","start":6063.991,"end":6064.183},{"text":"the","start":6064.232,"end":6064.312},{"text":"existing","start":6064.312,"end":6064.761},{"text":"regimes","start":6064.874,"end":6065.323},{"text":"in","start":6065.436,"end":6065.484},{"text":"outer","start":6065.661,"end":6065.853},{"text":"space","start":6065.853,"end":6066.239},{"text":"prevents","start":6066.239,"end":6066.72},{"text":"disruption","start":6066.72,"end":6067.331},{"text":"and","start":6067.909,"end":6068.021},{"text":"instabilities","start":6068.021,"end":6068.856},{"text":"of","start":6068.968,"end":6069.065},{"text":"the","start":6069.065,"end":6069.129},{"text":"global","start":6069.129,"end":6069.466},{"text":"space","start":6069.466,"end":6069.803},{"text":"ecosystem.","start":6070.076,"end":6070.895}]},{"text":"To date, the country has already ratified and/or acceded to the Moon Agreement, and the Registration Convention, and we are working towards the ratification of the rest of the UN outer space treaties.","start":6071.457,"end":6082.095,"topics":[{"key":"space-sustainability","label":"Long-Term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities","description":"Several delegations emphasized implementation of the COPUOS Long-Term Sustainability Guidelines and the need for continued work beyond the current mandate. The topic included national laws, reporting on implementation, information-sharing tools, and preserving space for future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"To","start":6071.457,"end":6071.537},{"text":"date,","start":6071.602,"end":6071.859},{"text":"the","start":6071.875,"end":6072.003},{"text":"country","start":6072.003,"end":6072.34},{"text":"has","start":6072.34,"end":6072.469},{"text":"already","start":6072.758,"end":6073.031},{"text":"ratified","start":6073.063,"end":6073.721},{"text":"and/or","start":6073.785,"end":6073.978},{"text":"acceded","start":6074.026,"end":6074.476},{"text":"to","start":6074.572,"end":6074.668},{"text":"the","start":6074.668,"end":6074.749},{"text":"Moon","start":6074.749,"end":6074.958},{"text":"Agreement,","start":6074.99,"end":6075.487},{"text":"and","start":6075.792,"end":6075.936},{"text":"the","start":6075.936,"end":6075.969},{"text":"Registration","start":6075.969,"end":6076.562},{"text":"Convention,","start":6076.674,"end":6077.284},{"text":"and","start":6077.636,"end":6077.765},{"text":"we","start":6077.781,"end":6077.861},{"text":"are","start":6077.877,"end":6077.973},{"text":"working","start":6078.021,"end":6078.326},{"text":"towards","start":6078.422,"end":6078.807},{"text":"the","start":6078.823,"end":6078.919},{"text":"ratification","start":6078.919,"end":6079.769},{"text":"of","start":6080.122,"end":6080.218},{"text":"the","start":6080.218,"end":6080.299},{"text":"rest","start":6080.299,"end":6080.603},{"text":"of","start":6080.668,"end":6080.7},{"text":"the","start":6080.7,"end":6080.828},{"text":"UN","start":6080.828,"end":6081.036},{"text":"outer","start":6081.149,"end":6081.325},{"text":"space","start":6081.325,"end":6081.598},{"text":"treaties.","start":6081.662,"end":6082.095}]},{"text":"We firmly believe that becoming an official party to the Registration Convention aligns with the timely adoption of the Pact for the Future.","start":6083.089,"end":6090.482,"topics":[{"key":"space-sustainability","label":"Long-Term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities","description":"Several delegations emphasized implementation of the COPUOS Long-Term Sustainability Guidelines and the need for continued work beyond the current mandate. The topic included national laws, reporting on implementation, information-sharing tools, and preserving space for future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":6083.089,"end":6083.169},{"text":"firmly","start":6083.169,"end":6083.554},{"text":"believe","start":6083.554,"end":6084.019},{"text":"that","start":6084.051,"end":6084.212},{"text":"becoming","start":6084.212,"end":6084.613},{"text":"an","start":6084.613,"end":6084.661},{"text":"official","start":6084.709,"end":6085.174},{"text":"party","start":6085.174,"end":6085.495},{"text":"to","start":6085.495,"end":6085.623},{"text":"the","start":6085.655,"end":6085.719},{"text":"Registration","start":6085.719,"end":6086.345},{"text":"Convention","start":6086.441,"end":6086.986},{"text":"aligns","start":6087.499,"end":6087.868},{"text":"with","start":6087.965,"end":6088.029},{"text":"the","start":6088.045,"end":6088.125},{"text":"timely","start":6088.125,"end":6088.51},{"text":"adoption","start":6088.526,"end":6088.991},{"text":"of","start":6089.199,"end":6089.312},{"text":"the","start":6089.328,"end":6089.424},{"text":"Pact","start":6089.424,"end":6089.809},{"text":"for","start":6089.809,"end":6089.905},{"text":"the","start":6089.905,"end":6089.985},{"text":"Future.","start":6089.985,"end":6090.482}]},{"text":"We welcome the vision of the pact as a bold and renewed global commitment to the UN and a modernized multilateral system that is responsive and action-driven in addressing the present and future challenges of our planet.","start":6090.787,"end":6103.622,"topics":[{"key":"space-sustainability","label":"Long-Term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities","description":"Several delegations emphasized implementation of the COPUOS Long-Term Sustainability Guidelines and the need for continued work beyond the current mandate. The topic included national laws, reporting on implementation, information-sharing tools, and preserving space for future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":6090.787,"end":6090.947},{"text":"welcome","start":6090.947,"end":6091.268},{"text":"the","start":6091.332,"end":6091.429},{"text":"vision","start":6091.429,"end":6091.717},{"text":"of","start":6091.813,"end":6091.878},{"text":"the","start":6091.91,"end":6091.99},{"text":"pact","start":6092.07,"end":6092.407},{"text":"as","start":6092.535,"end":6092.599},{"text":"a","start":6092.696,"end":6092.856},{"text":"bold","start":6092.856,"end":6093.177},{"text":"and","start":6093.193,"end":6093.305},{"text":"renewed","start":6093.353,"end":6093.818},{"text":"global","start":6093.818,"end":6094.123},{"text":"commitment","start":6094.219,"end":6094.716},{"text":"to","start":6094.716,"end":6095.278},{"text":"the","start":6095.278,"end":6095.422},{"text":"UN","start":6095.422,"end":6095.775},{"text":"and","start":6095.903,"end":6095.999},{"text":"a","start":6095.999,"end":6096.015},{"text":"modernized","start":6096.015,"end":6096.657},{"text":"multilateral","start":6096.657,"end":6097.298},{"text":"system","start":6097.298,"end":6097.908},{"text":"that","start":6097.908,"end":6098.084},{"text":"is","start":6098.084,"end":6098.132},{"text":"responsive","start":6098.244,"end":6099.014},{"text":"and","start":6099.447,"end":6099.592},{"text":"action-driven","start":6099.592,"end":6100.297},{"text":"in","start":6100.714,"end":6100.762},{"text":"addressing","start":6100.81,"end":6101.308},{"text":"the","start":6101.292,"end":6101.372},{"text":"present","start":6101.452,"end":6101.854},{"text":"and","start":6101.854,"end":6101.918},{"text":"future","start":6101.999,"end":6102.336},{"text":"challenges","start":6102.336,"end":6102.947},{"text":"of","start":6102.979,"end":6103.059},{"text":"our","start":6103.059,"end":6103.22},{"text":"planet.","start":6103.22,"end":6103.622}]},{"text":"On governing outer space, Action 56 in the pact underscores the need to strengthen existing framework and establish new mechanisms for space traffic, space debris, and space resources.","start":6104.425,"end":6115.721,"topics":[{"key":"space-sustainability","label":"Long-Term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities","description":"Several delegations emphasized implementation of the COPUOS Long-Term Sustainability Guidelines and the need for continued work beyond the current mandate. The topic included national laws, reporting on implementation, information-sharing tools, and preserving space for future generations."},{"key":"space-traffic-management","label":"Space Traffic Management and Space Situational Awareness","description":"Delegations highlighted the importance of tracking objects in orbit, issuing conjunction warnings, and coordinating maneuvers in an increasingly crowded space environment. The discussion covered national and regional surveillance systems, data sharing, and governance frameworks for safer operations."},{"key":"space-debris","label":"Space Debris Mitigation and Removal","description":"A recurring concern was the growing debris environment and the need to prevent new debris, improve post-mission disposal, and develop active debris removal. Speakers also referred to design-for-demise, passivation, and ambitious initiatives such as zero-debris approaches."}],"words":[{"text":"On","start":6104.425,"end":6104.505},{"text":"governing","start":6104.505,"end":6104.955},{"text":"outer","start":6104.971,"end":6105.164},{"text":"space,","start":6105.164,"end":6105.63},{"text":"Action","start":6105.694,"end":6105.919},{"text":"56","start":6106.032,"end":6106.739},{"text":"in","start":6106.739,"end":6106.787},{"text":"the","start":6106.819,"end":6106.98},{"text":"pact","start":6106.98,"end":6107.349},{"text":"underscores","start":6107.622,"end":6108.217},{"text":"the","start":6108.217,"end":6108.297},{"text":"need","start":6108.297,"end":6108.651},{"text":"to","start":6108.683,"end":6108.763},{"text":"strengthen","start":6108.763,"end":6109.213},{"text":"existing","start":6109.326,"end":6109.776},{"text":"framework","start":6109.808,"end":6110.37},{"text":"and","start":6110.691,"end":6110.772},{"text":"establish","start":6110.772,"end":6111.318},{"text":"new","start":6111.318,"end":6111.431},{"text":"mechanisms","start":6111.479,"end":6112.186},{"text":"for","start":6112.218,"end":6112.346},{"text":"space","start":6112.379,"end":6112.78},{"text":"traffic,","start":6112.78,"end":6113.246},{"text":"space","start":6113.262,"end":6113.664},{"text":"debris,","start":6113.664,"end":6114.082},{"text":"and","start":6114.548,"end":6114.612},{"text":"space","start":6114.628,"end":6115.094},{"text":"resources.","start":6115.094,"end":6115.721}]},{"text":"As the Philippines advances its space capabilities, fosters space development, and seeks to create value within the space ecosystem, we recognize the importance of a global governance framework that is sustainable, inclusive, and aligned with the common good.","start":6116.38,"end":6131.22,"topics":[{"key":"space-sustainability","label":"Long-Term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities","description":"Several delegations emphasized implementation of the COPUOS Long-Term Sustainability Guidelines and the need for continued work beyond the current mandate. The topic included national laws, reporting on implementation, information-sharing tools, and preserving space for future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":6116.38,"end":6116.444},{"text":"the","start":6116.476,"end":6116.508},{"text":"Philippines","start":6116.556,"end":6117.087},{"text":"advances","start":6117.119,"end":6117.569},{"text":"its","start":6117.617,"end":6117.713},{"text":"space","start":6117.761,"end":6118.083},{"text":"capabilities,","start":6118.083,"end":6118.854},{"text":"fosters","start":6118.967,"end":6119.433},{"text":"space","start":6119.433,"end":6119.722},{"text":"development,","start":6119.834,"end":6120.525},{"text":"and","start":6121.136,"end":6121.264},{"text":"seeks","start":6121.28,"end":6121.602},{"text":"to","start":6121.602,"end":6121.65},{"text":"create","start":6121.762,"end":6122.164},{"text":"value","start":6122.164,"end":6122.55},{"text":"within","start":6122.646,"end":6122.871},{"text":"the","start":6122.903,"end":6122.984},{"text":"space","start":6122.984,"end":6123.45},{"text":"ecosystem,","start":6123.45,"end":6124.237},{"text":"we","start":6124.59,"end":6124.815},{"text":"recognize","start":6124.815,"end":6125.362},{"text":"the","start":6125.458,"end":6125.49},{"text":"importance","start":6125.49,"end":6126.117},{"text":"of","start":6126.117,"end":6126.213},{"text":"a","start":6126.213,"end":6126.278},{"text":"global","start":6126.278,"end":6126.663},{"text":"governance","start":6126.679,"end":6127.129},{"text":"framework","start":6127.21,"end":6127.707},{"text":"that","start":6127.964,"end":6128.124},{"text":"is","start":6128.124,"end":6128.156},{"text":"sustainable,","start":6128.156,"end":6128.862},{"text":"inclusive,","start":6129.006,"end":6129.696},{"text":"and","start":6129.809,"end":6129.873},{"text":"aligned","start":6129.953,"end":6130.322},{"text":"with","start":6130.45,"end":6130.531},{"text":"the","start":6130.531,"end":6130.675},{"text":"common","start":6130.675,"end":6130.9},{"text":"good.","start":6131.012,"end":6131.22}]},{"text":"We advocate for a system that remains relevant, transparent, and accountable to future generations, ensuring responsible and equitable use of outer space.","start":6131.734,"end":6140.847,"topics":[{"key":"space-sustainability","label":"Long-Term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities","description":"Several delegations emphasized implementation of the COPUOS Long-Term Sustainability Guidelines and the need for continued work beyond the current mandate. The topic included national laws, reporting on implementation, information-sharing tools, and preserving space for future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":6131.734,"end":6131.894},{"text":"advocate","start":6131.894,"end":6132.376},{"text":"for","start":6132.376,"end":6132.52},{"text":"a","start":6132.52,"end":6132.536},{"text":"system","start":6132.536,"end":6132.921},{"text":"that","start":6133.001,"end":6133.162},{"text":"remains","start":6133.162,"end":6133.467},{"text":"relevant,","start":6133.563,"end":6134.092},{"text":"transparent,","start":6134.301,"end":6135.167},{"text":"and","start":6135.488,"end":6135.584},{"text":"accountable","start":6135.584,"end":6136.194},{"text":"to","start":6136.322,"end":6136.467},{"text":"future","start":6136.467,"end":6136.868},{"text":"generations,","start":6136.868,"end":6137.638},{"text":"ensuring","start":6138.071,"end":6138.52},{"text":"responsible","start":6138.536,"end":6139.226},{"text":"and","start":6139.258,"end":6139.355},{"text":"equitable","start":6139.355,"end":6139.788},{"text":"use","start":6139.9,"end":6140.093},{"text":"of","start":6140.157,"end":6140.301},{"text":"outer","start":6140.301,"end":6140.494},{"text":"space.","start":6140.494,"end":6140.847}]},{"text":"Madam Chair and distinguished colleagues, at the international level, the LTS guidelines recognize the need to identify general context of and modalities for states to remain committed to enforce rules for space activities covering safe space operations, international cooperation, capacity building and awareness, and scientific and technical research and development.","start":6141.36,"end":6163.533,"topics":[{"key":"space-sustainability","label":"Long-Term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities","description":"Several delegations emphasized implementation of the COPUOS Long-Term Sustainability Guidelines and the need for continued work beyond the current mandate. The topic included national laws, reporting on implementation, information-sharing tools, and preserving space for future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":6141.36,"end":6141.745},{"text":"Chair","start":6141.745,"end":6141.938},{"text":"and","start":6142.146,"end":6142.211},{"text":"distinguished","start":6142.211,"end":6143.43},{"text":"colleagues,","start":6143.43,"end":6143.895},{"text":"at","start":6144.393,"end":6144.425},{"text":"the","start":6144.425,"end":6144.489},{"text":"international","start":6144.489,"end":6145.195},{"text":"level,","start":6145.291,"end":6145.74},{"text":"the","start":6146.013,"end":6146.077},{"text":"LTS","start":6146.157,"end":6146.574},{"text":"guidelines","start":6146.574,"end":6146.943},{"text":"recognize","start":6147.056,"end":6147.505},{"text":"the","start":6147.601,"end":6147.633},{"text":"need","start":6147.633,"end":6148.018},{"text":"to","start":6148.018,"end":6148.099},{"text":"identify","start":6148.099,"end":6148.74},{"text":"general","start":6148.74,"end":6149.013},{"text":"context","start":6149.125,"end":6149.767},{"text":"of","start":6149.847,"end":6149.992},{"text":"and","start":6150.088,"end":6150.152},{"text":"modalities","start":6150.168,"end":6150.874},{"text":"for","start":6151.291,"end":6151.388},{"text":"states","start":6151.404,"end":6151.869},{"text":"to","start":6151.869,"end":6151.965},{"text":"remain","start":6151.965,"end":6152.286},{"text":"committed","start":6152.334,"end":6152.719},{"text":"to","start":6153.073,"end":6153.153},{"text":"enforce","start":6153.153,"end":6153.651},{"text":"rules","start":6153.699,"end":6153.924},{"text":"for","start":6154.037,"end":6154.197},{"text":"space","start":6154.213,"end":6154.792},{"text":"activities","start":6155.081,"end":6155.611},{"text":"covering","start":6155.724,"end":6156.093},{"text":"safe","start":6156.125,"end":6156.495},{"text":"space","start":6156.511,"end":6156.961},{"text":"operations,","start":6157.073,"end":6157.7},{"text":"international","start":6158.295,"end":6158.841},{"text":"cooperation,","start":6158.857,"end":6159.548},{"text":"capacity","start":6159.58,"end":6160.078},{"text":"building","start":6160.078,"end":6160.415},{"text":"and","start":6160.448,"end":6160.544},{"text":"awareness,","start":6160.544,"end":6160.994},{"text":"and","start":6161.251,"end":6161.299},{"text":"scientific","start":6161.299,"end":6161.91},{"text":"and","start":6161.91,"end":6161.99},{"text":"technical","start":6162.054,"end":6162.504},{"text":"research","start":6162.536,"end":6162.842},{"text":"and","start":6162.874,"end":6162.954},{"text":"development.","start":6162.954,"end":6163.533}]},{"text":"While the guidelines provide a compendium of internationally recognized measures for safe space operations, the Philippines leverages bilateral exchanges and cooperation dialogues with other states.","start":6164.223,"end":6175.31,"topics":[{"key":"space-sustainability","label":"Long-Term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities","description":"Several delegations emphasized implementation of the COPUOS Long-Term Sustainability Guidelines and the need for continued work beyond the current mandate. The topic included national laws, reporting on implementation, information-sharing tools, and preserving space for future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"While","start":6164.223,"end":6164.32},{"text":"the","start":6164.32,"end":6164.4},{"text":"guidelines","start":6164.4,"end":6164.77},{"text":"provide","start":6164.802,"end":6165.188},{"text":"a","start":6165.188,"end":6165.204},{"text":"compendium","start":6165.268,"end":6166.393},{"text":"of","start":6166.473,"end":6166.634},{"text":"internationally","start":6166.634,"end":6167.341},{"text":"recognized","start":6167.437,"end":6168.031},{"text":"measures","start":6168.031,"end":6168.465},{"text":"for","start":6168.578,"end":6168.738},{"text":"safe","start":6168.738,"end":6169.028},{"text":"space","start":6169.044,"end":6169.333},{"text":"operations,","start":6169.526,"end":6170.233},{"text":"the","start":6170.667,"end":6170.747},{"text":"Philippines","start":6170.747,"end":6171.197},{"text":"leverages","start":6171.293,"end":6171.759},{"text":"bilateral","start":6171.791,"end":6172.225},{"text":"exchanges","start":6172.273,"end":6172.804},{"text":"and","start":6172.9,"end":6172.98},{"text":"cooperation","start":6172.996,"end":6173.687},{"text":"dialogues","start":6174.201,"end":6174.571},{"text":"with","start":6174.667,"end":6174.764},{"text":"other","start":6174.764,"end":6174.924},{"text":"states.","start":6174.924,"end":6175.31}]},{"text":"In May 2024, the inaugural United States and Philippine Space Dialogue serve as a platform to promote cooperation in civil space matters.","start":6175.551,"end":6183.4,"topics":[{"key":"space-sustainability","label":"Long-Term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities","description":"Several delegations emphasized implementation of the COPUOS Long-Term Sustainability Guidelines and the need for continued work beyond the current mandate. The topic included national laws, reporting on implementation, information-sharing tools, and preserving space for future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":6175.551,"end":6175.615},{"text":"May","start":6175.647,"end":6175.68},{"text":"2024,","start":6175.792,"end":6176.708},{"text":"the","start":6176.997,"end":6177.094},{"text":"inaugural","start":6177.094,"end":6177.608},{"text":"United","start":6177.64,"end":6178.058},{"text":"States","start":6178.058,"end":6178.443},{"text":"and","start":6178.443,"end":6178.54},{"text":"Philippine","start":6178.54,"end":6178.99},{"text":"Space","start":6178.99,"end":6179.182},{"text":"Dialogue","start":6179.246,"end":6179.679},{"text":"serve","start":6179.679,"end":6180.064},{"text":"as","start":6180.064,"end":6180.112},{"text":"a","start":6180.16,"end":6180.224},{"text":"platform","start":6180.289,"end":6180.754},{"text":"to","start":6180.866,"end":6180.946},{"text":"promote","start":6180.946,"end":6181.411},{"text":"cooperation","start":6181.411,"end":6182.037},{"text":"in","start":6182.133,"end":6182.213},{"text":"civil","start":6182.213,"end":6182.47},{"text":"space","start":6182.47,"end":6182.822},{"text":"matters.","start":6182.935,"end":6183.4}]},{"text":"In particular, it focuses on utilizing space for maritime domain awareness and space situational awareness.","start":6183.913,"end":6189.638,"topics":[{"key":"space-traffic-management","label":"Space Traffic Management and Space Situational Awareness","description":"Delegations highlighted the importance of tracking objects in orbit, issuing conjunction warnings, and coordinating maneuvers in an increasingly crowded space environment. The discussion covered national and regional surveillance systems, data sharing, and governance frameworks for safer operations."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":6183.913,"end":6183.961},{"text":"particular,","start":6184.073,"end":6184.651},{"text":"it","start":6184.939,"end":6184.987},{"text":"focuses","start":6185.036,"end":6185.404},{"text":"on","start":6185.501,"end":6185.565},{"text":"utilizing","start":6185.677,"end":6186.254},{"text":"space","start":6186.303,"end":6186.671},{"text":"for","start":6186.784,"end":6186.88},{"text":"maritime","start":6186.88,"end":6187.265},{"text":"domain","start":6187.361,"end":6187.634},{"text":"awareness","start":6187.682,"end":6188.115},{"text":"and","start":6188.227,"end":6188.323},{"text":"space","start":6188.323,"end":6188.756},{"text":"situational","start":6188.788,"end":6189.221},{"text":"awareness.","start":6189.221,"end":6189.638}]},{"text":"The Philippines continues to have an active participation in regional platforms such as the Asia-Pacific Regional Space Forum Agency Forum, ASEAN Subcommittee on Space Technology and Applications, and the Regional Space Applications Program of the UN Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific.","start":6190.248,"end":6208.08,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":6190.248,"end":6190.328},{"text":"Philippines","start":6190.328,"end":6190.777},{"text":"continues","start":6190.873,"end":6191.258},{"text":"to","start":6191.354,"end":6191.435},{"text":"have","start":6191.435,"end":6191.611},{"text":"an","start":6191.611,"end":6191.659},{"text":"active","start":6191.755,"end":6192.06},{"text":"participation","start":6192.092,"end":6192.782},{"text":"in","start":6193.215,"end":6193.263},{"text":"regional","start":6193.295,"end":6193.696},{"text":"platforms","start":6193.696,"end":6194.385},{"text":"such","start":6194.417,"end":6194.738},{"text":"as","start":6194.738,"end":6194.867},{"text":"the","start":6194.899,"end":6195.043},{"text":"Asia-Pacific","start":6195.123,"end":6195.781},{"text":"Regional","start":6195.797,"end":6196.182},{"text":"Space","start":6196.182,"end":6196.583},{"text":"Forum","start":6196.647,"end":6196.951},{"text":"Agency","start":6198.25,"end":6198.651},{"text":"Forum,","start":6198.651,"end":6199.036},{"text":"ASEAN","start":6199.373,"end":6199.71},{"text":"Subcommittee","start":6199.71,"end":6200.415},{"text":"on","start":6200.415,"end":6200.464},{"text":"Space","start":6200.512,"end":6200.784},{"text":"Technology","start":6200.913,"end":6201.442},{"text":"and","start":6201.474,"end":6201.554},{"text":"Applications,","start":6201.554,"end":6202.324},{"text":"and","start":6202.5,"end":6202.58},{"text":"the","start":6202.58,"end":6202.661},{"text":"Regional","start":6202.661,"end":6202.997},{"text":"Space","start":6202.997,"end":6203.27},{"text":"Applications","start":6203.382,"end":6204.008},{"text":"Program","start":6204.104,"end":6204.473},{"text":"of","start":6204.906,"end":6205.018},{"text":"the","start":6205.018,"end":6205.146},{"text":"UN","start":6205.146,"end":6205.371},{"text":"Economic","start":6205.419,"end":6206.028},{"text":"and","start":6206.028,"end":6206.124},{"text":"Social","start":6206.124,"end":6206.493},{"text":"Commission","start":6206.525,"end":6206.974},{"text":"for","start":6207.07,"end":6207.134},{"text":"Asia","start":6207.246,"end":6207.455},{"text":"and","start":6207.471,"end":6207.551},{"text":"the","start":6207.551,"end":6207.647},{"text":"Pacific.","start":6207.647,"end":6208.08}]},{"text":"These platforms provide us with an opportunity to exchange technical, scientific, and policy know-how, as well as establish international cooperation.","start":6208.913,"end":6217.153,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"These","start":6208.913,"end":6209.058},{"text":"platforms","start":6209.17,"end":6209.699},{"text":"provide","start":6209.795,"end":6210.1},{"text":"us","start":6210.132,"end":6210.276},{"text":"with","start":6210.276,"end":6210.372},{"text":"an","start":6210.372,"end":6210.452},{"text":"opportunity","start":6210.452,"end":6211.142},{"text":"to","start":6211.238,"end":6211.318},{"text":"exchange","start":6211.318,"end":6211.799},{"text":"technical,","start":6211.895,"end":6212.536},{"text":"scientific,","start":6212.697,"end":6213.354},{"text":"and","start":6213.402,"end":6213.562},{"text":"policy","start":6213.562,"end":6213.947},{"text":"know-how,","start":6214.075,"end":6214.412},{"text":"as","start":6214.941,"end":6214.989},{"text":"well","start":6215.101,"end":6215.245},{"text":"as","start":6215.245,"end":6215.31},{"text":"establish","start":6215.422,"end":6215.903},{"text":"international","start":6215.903,"end":6216.448},{"text":"cooperation.","start":6216.448,"end":6217.153}]},{"text":"For example, in ASEAN's COSA, we are working with Thailand and all ASEAN member states on space situational awareness and space traffic management.","start":6217.345,"end":6225.361,"topics":[{"key":"space-traffic-management","label":"Space Traffic Management and Space Situational Awareness","description":"Delegations highlighted the importance of tracking objects in orbit, issuing conjunction warnings, and coordinating maneuvers in an increasingly crowded space environment. The discussion covered national and regional surveillance systems, data sharing, and governance frameworks for safer operations."}],"words":[{"text":"For","start":6217.345,"end":6217.698},{"text":"example,","start":6217.73,"end":6218.227},{"text":"in","start":6218.291,"end":6218.339},{"text":"ASEAN's","start":6218.371,"end":6218.868},{"text":"COSA,","start":6218.868,"end":6219.381},{"text":"we","start":6219.734,"end":6219.814},{"text":"are","start":6219.814,"end":6219.862},{"text":"working","start":6219.91,"end":6220.199},{"text":"with","start":6220.295,"end":6220.503},{"text":"Thailand","start":6220.503,"end":6220.888},{"text":"and","start":6220.888,"end":6221},{"text":"all","start":6221.032,"end":6221.145},{"text":"ASEAN","start":6221.257,"end":6221.497},{"text":"member","start":6221.577,"end":6221.77},{"text":"states","start":6221.77,"end":6222.235},{"text":"on","start":6222.315,"end":6222.363},{"text":"space","start":6222.411,"end":6222.876},{"text":"situational","start":6222.876,"end":6223.517},{"text":"awareness","start":6223.517,"end":6223.886},{"text":"and","start":6223.998,"end":6224.078},{"text":"space","start":6224.078,"end":6224.335},{"text":"traffic","start":6224.335,"end":6224.735},{"text":"management.","start":6224.784,"end":6225.361}]},{"text":"We'll be setting up a steering committee and expert committee, and the Philippines will act as a secretariat in this regard.","start":6225.761,"end":6230.843,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We'll","start":6225.761,"end":6225.922},{"text":"be","start":6225.922,"end":6226.002},{"text":"setting","start":6226.002,"end":6226.371},{"text":"up","start":6226.403,"end":6226.499},{"text":"a","start":6226.499,"end":6226.563},{"text":"steering","start":6226.563,"end":6226.851},{"text":"committee","start":6226.948,"end":6227.284},{"text":"and","start":6227.284,"end":6227.429},{"text":"expert","start":6227.429,"end":6227.829},{"text":"committee,","start":6227.829,"end":6228.214},{"text":"and","start":6228.326,"end":6228.406},{"text":"the","start":6228.406,"end":6228.487},{"text":"Philippines","start":6228.487,"end":6228.935},{"text":"will","start":6228.967,"end":6229.192},{"text":"act","start":6229.192,"end":6229.352},{"text":"as","start":6229.352,"end":6229.416},{"text":"a","start":6229.448,"end":6229.512},{"text":"secretariat","start":6229.512,"end":6230.25},{"text":"in","start":6230.25,"end":6230.33},{"text":"this","start":6230.33,"end":6230.57},{"text":"regard.","start":6230.57,"end":6230.843}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you.","start":6230.891,"end":6231.035,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":6230.891,"end":6230.987},{"text":"you.","start":6230.987,"end":6231.035}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"This initiative brings forth regional cooperation and supports the principles of the LTS guidelines.","start":6231.436,"end":6236.307,"topics":[{"key":"space-sustainability","label":"Long-Term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities","description":"Several delegations emphasized implementation of the COPUOS Long-Term Sustainability Guidelines and the need for continued work beyond the current mandate. The topic included national laws, reporting on implementation, information-sharing tools, and preserving space for future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":6231.436,"end":6231.612},{"text":"initiative","start":6231.612,"end":6232.141},{"text":"brings","start":6232.157,"end":6232.349},{"text":"forth","start":6232.478,"end":6232.67},{"text":"regional","start":6232.734,"end":6233.119},{"text":"cooperation","start":6233.119,"end":6233.663},{"text":"and","start":6233.695,"end":6233.792},{"text":"supports","start":6233.792,"end":6234.256},{"text":"the","start":6234.256,"end":6234.401},{"text":"principles","start":6234.401,"end":6234.865},{"text":"of","start":6234.977,"end":6235.058},{"text":"the","start":6235.058,"end":6235.202},{"text":"LTS","start":6235.282,"end":6235.667},{"text":"guidelines.","start":6235.779,"end":6236.307}]},{"text":"The FILSA also conducted book reading activities within the country and distributed copies of our children's book on outer space treaties, Si Tala at Ang Kanyang Lakbay Kalawakan, or Tala and Her Journey into Space.","start":6237.221,"end":6249.56,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":6237.221,"end":6237.301},{"text":"FILSA","start":6237.301,"end":6238.022},{"text":"also","start":6238.102,"end":6238.279},{"text":"conducted","start":6238.327,"end":6238.855},{"text":"book","start":6239.689,"end":6239.929},{"text":"reading","start":6239.929,"end":6240.153},{"text":"activities","start":6240.185,"end":6240.794},{"text":"within","start":6240.907,"end":6241.099},{"text":"the","start":6241.147,"end":6241.227},{"text":"country","start":6241.227,"end":6241.596},{"text":"and","start":6241.708,"end":6241.788},{"text":"distributed","start":6241.788,"end":6242.365},{"text":"copies","start":6242.413,"end":6242.765},{"text":"of","start":6242.83,"end":6242.91},{"text":"our","start":6242.91,"end":6243.054},{"text":"children's","start":6243.054,"end":6243.471},{"text":"book","start":6243.471,"end":6243.855},{"text":"on","start":6244.111,"end":6244.16},{"text":"outer","start":6244.256,"end":6244.432},{"text":"space","start":6244.432,"end":6244.704},{"text":"treaties,","start":6244.817,"end":6245.281},{"text":"Si","start":6245.554,"end":6245.714},{"text":"Tala","start":6245.778,"end":6246.018},{"text":"at","start":6246.018,"end":6246.259},{"text":"Ang","start":6246.259,"end":6246.291},{"text":"Kanyang","start":6246.355,"end":6246.643},{"text":"Lakbay","start":6246.675,"end":6247.06},{"text":"Kalawakan,","start":6247.06,"end":6247.589},{"text":"or","start":6247.637,"end":6247.973},{"text":"Tala","start":6247.973,"end":6248.278},{"text":"and","start":6248.278,"end":6248.358},{"text":"Her","start":6248.358,"end":6248.598},{"text":"Journey","start":6248.598,"end":6248.887},{"text":"into","start":6248.903,"end":6249.079},{"text":"Space.","start":6249.095,"end":6249.56}]},{"text":"We're also grateful for the support from the Embassy of the United Kingdom in Manila, who partnered with FILSA for a book reading session for students.","start":6249.944,"end":6257.653,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We're","start":6249.944,"end":6250.073},{"text":"also","start":6250.121,"end":6250.361},{"text":"grateful","start":6250.361,"end":6250.842},{"text":"for","start":6250.842,"end":6250.986},{"text":"the","start":6250.986,"end":6251.018},{"text":"support","start":6251.018,"end":6251.643},{"text":"from","start":6251.643,"end":6251.771},{"text":"the","start":6251.867,"end":6251.964},{"text":"Embassy","start":6251.964,"end":6252.332},{"text":"of","start":6252.364,"end":6252.444},{"text":"the","start":6252.444,"end":6252.524},{"text":"United","start":6252.524,"end":6252.909},{"text":"Kingdom","start":6252.909,"end":6253.213},{"text":"in","start":6253.326,"end":6253.374},{"text":"Manila,","start":6253.47,"end":6253.87},{"text":"who","start":6254.207,"end":6254.367},{"text":"partnered","start":6254.367,"end":6254.816},{"text":"with","start":6254.848,"end":6254.976},{"text":"FILSA","start":6255.008,"end":6255.409},{"text":"for","start":6255.409,"end":6255.649},{"text":"a","start":6255.649,"end":6255.809},{"text":"book","start":6255.809,"end":6256.05},{"text":"reading","start":6256.05,"end":6256.258},{"text":"session","start":6256.306,"end":6256.739},{"text":"for","start":6256.835,"end":6256.979},{"text":"students.","start":6257.14,"end":6257.653}]},{"text":"We look forward to more activities with other countries in this regard.","start":6257.973,"end":6261.051,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":6257.973,"end":6258.069},{"text":"look","start":6258.117,"end":6258.278},{"text":"forward","start":6258.278,"end":6258.614},{"text":"to","start":6258.63,"end":6258.711},{"text":"more","start":6258.711,"end":6258.855},{"text":"activities","start":6258.855,"end":6259.464},{"text":"with","start":6259.56,"end":6259.721},{"text":"other","start":6259.721,"end":6259.881},{"text":"countries","start":6259.881,"end":6260.314},{"text":"in","start":6260.378,"end":6260.458},{"text":"this","start":6260.458,"end":6260.698},{"text":"regard.","start":6260.698,"end":6261.051}]},{"text":"Madam Chair, in closing, the Philippines reaffirms its commitment and adherence to the LTS guidelines, and we remain actively continuing the activities on enhancing policy and regulatory framework, ensure safety of space operations, maximize international cooperation benefits, promote intensive capacity development to reinforce domestic space workforce and fortify our space research and development.","start":6261.5,"end":6286.95,"topics":[{"key":"space-sustainability","label":"Long-Term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities","description":"Several delegations emphasized implementation of the COPUOS Long-Term Sustainability Guidelines and the need for continued work beyond the current mandate. The topic included national laws, reporting on implementation, information-sharing tools, and preserving space for future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":6261.5,"end":6261.885},{"text":"Chair,","start":6261.885,"end":6262.077},{"text":"in","start":6262.446,"end":6262.51},{"text":"closing,","start":6262.606,"end":6263.071},{"text":"the","start":6263.424,"end":6263.52},{"text":"Philippines","start":6263.52,"end":6264.033},{"text":"reaffirms","start":6264.065,"end":6264.594},{"text":"its","start":6264.642,"end":6264.786},{"text":"commitment","start":6264.786,"end":6265.428},{"text":"and","start":6265.428,"end":6265.508},{"text":"adherence","start":6265.508,"end":6266.181},{"text":"to","start":6266.229,"end":6266.341},{"text":"the","start":6266.566,"end":6266.742},{"text":"LTS","start":6266.854,"end":6267.207},{"text":"guidelines,","start":6267.271,"end":6267.8},{"text":"and","start":6267.913,"end":6267.977},{"text":"we","start":6268.057,"end":6268.153},{"text":"remain","start":6268.153,"end":6268.426},{"text":"actively","start":6268.618,"end":6269.083},{"text":"continuing","start":6269.435,"end":6270.045},{"text":"the","start":6270.077,"end":6270.141},{"text":"activities","start":6270.141,"end":6270.766},{"text":"on","start":6270.862,"end":6270.926},{"text":"enhancing","start":6270.958,"end":6271.487},{"text":"policy","start":6271.584,"end":6272.049},{"text":"and","start":6272.081,"end":6272.225},{"text":"regulatory","start":6272.225,"end":6272.69},{"text":"framework,","start":6272.722,"end":6273.427},{"text":"ensure","start":6273.748,"end":6274.085},{"text":"safety","start":6274.101,"end":6274.565},{"text":"of","start":6274.565,"end":6274.662},{"text":"space","start":6274.71,"end":6274.998},{"text":"operations,","start":6275.111,"end":6275.896},{"text":"maximize","start":6276.329,"end":6276.778},{"text":"international","start":6276.89,"end":6277.403},{"text":"cooperation","start":6277.435,"end":6277.98},{"text":"benefits,","start":6278.092,"end":6278.621},{"text":"promote","start":6278.974,"end":6279.455},{"text":"intensive","start":6279.455,"end":6280.064},{"text":"capacity","start":6280.096,"end":6280.786},{"text":"development","start":6280.802,"end":6281.587},{"text":"to","start":6281.764,"end":6281.844},{"text":"reinforce","start":6281.844,"end":6282.309},{"text":"domestic","start":6282.405,"end":6284.633},{"text":"space","start":6282.79,"end":6283.115},{"text":"workforce","start":6283.228,"end":6283.765},{"text":"and","start":6284.269,"end":6284.35},{"text":"fortify","start":6284.366,"end":6284.984},{"text":"our","start":6285,"end":6285.098},{"text":"space","start":6285.098,"end":6285.455},{"text":"research","start":6285.585,"end":6285.959},{"text":"and","start":6286.138,"end":6286.235},{"text":"development.","start":6286.235,"end":6286.95}]},{"text":"Thank you, Madam Chair.","start":6287.292,"end":6288.202,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":6287.292,"end":6287.519},{"text":"you,","start":6287.519,"end":6287.601},{"text":"Madam","start":6287.617,"end":6287.909},{"text":"Chair.","start":6288.023,"end":6288.202}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"PHL","affiliation_full":"Philippines","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":39,"start":6290.03,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1a/k1ad4k1m9e?t=6291","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of the Philippines for the statement.","start":6290.03,"end":6293.214,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":6290.03,"end":6290.062},{"text":"thank","start":6290.062,"end":6290.223},{"text":"the","start":6290.223,"end":6290.369},{"text":"distinguished","start":6290.369,"end":6290.821},{"text":"representative","start":6290.87,"end":6291.581},{"text":"of","start":6291.581,"end":6291.646},{"text":"the","start":6291.678,"end":6291.759},{"text":"Philippines","start":6291.759,"end":6292.244},{"text":"for","start":6292.308,"end":6292.486},{"text":"the","start":6292.486,"end":6292.567},{"text":"statement.","start":6292.567,"end":6293.214}]},{"text":"Next speaker on my list is a distinguished representative of the United Kingdom and Great Britain and Northern Ireland.","start":6293.682,"end":6298.773,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next","start":6293.682,"end":6293.892},{"text":"speaker","start":6293.892,"end":6294.183},{"text":"on","start":6294.183,"end":6294.28},{"text":"my","start":6294.28,"end":6294.426},{"text":"list","start":6294.49,"end":6294.749},{"text":"is","start":6294.749,"end":6294.894},{"text":"a","start":6294.894,"end":6294.911},{"text":"distinguished","start":6294.975,"end":6295.476},{"text":"representative","start":6295.476,"end":6296.187},{"text":"of","start":6296.187,"end":6296.252},{"text":"the","start":6296.284,"end":6296.349},{"text":"United","start":6296.349,"end":6296.737},{"text":"Kingdom","start":6296.769,"end":6297.141},{"text":"and","start":6297.173,"end":6297.319},{"text":"Great","start":6297.319,"end":6297.561},{"text":"Britain","start":6297.577,"end":6297.965},{"text":"and","start":6297.965,"end":6298.046},{"text":"Northern","start":6298.062,"end":6298.45},{"text":"Ireland.","start":6298.466,"end":6298.773}]},{"text":"You have the floor.","start":6299.113,"end":6299.84,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"You","start":6299.113,"end":6299.194},{"text":"have","start":6299.194,"end":6299.404},{"text":"the","start":6299.436,"end":6299.517},{"text":"floor.","start":6299.517,"end":6299.84}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"COPUOS","affiliation_full":"COPUOS","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":40,"start":6301.87,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1a/k1ad4k1m9e?t=6302","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Chair, distinguished delegates, the long-term sustainability of outer space activities and the ability to maintain our current use of the space environment while preserving it for future generations continues to be a key priority for the UK government.","start":6301.87,"end":6315.526,"topics":[{"key":"space-sustainability","label":"Long-Term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities","description":"Several delegations emphasized implementation of the COPUOS Long-Term Sustainability Guidelines and the need for continued work beyond the current mandate. The topic included national laws, reporting on implementation, information-sharing tools, and preserving space for future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"Chair,","start":6301.87,"end":6302.127},{"text":"distinguished","start":6302.144,"end":6302.595},{"text":"delegates,","start":6302.627,"end":6303.304},{"text":"the","start":6303.578,"end":6303.643},{"text":"long-term","start":6303.659,"end":6304.11},{"text":"sustainability","start":6304.11,"end":6304.851},{"text":"of","start":6305.045,"end":6305.142},{"text":"outer","start":6305.271,"end":6305.464},{"text":"space","start":6305.464,"end":6305.722},{"text":"activities","start":6305.835,"end":6306.463},{"text":"and","start":6306.979,"end":6307.044},{"text":"the","start":6307.06,"end":6307.205},{"text":"ability","start":6307.205,"end":6307.592},{"text":"to","start":6307.624,"end":6307.721},{"text":"maintain","start":6307.721,"end":6308.236},{"text":"our","start":6308.285,"end":6308.462},{"text":"current","start":6308.494,"end":6308.897},{"text":"use","start":6308.897,"end":6309.091},{"text":"of","start":6309.091,"end":6309.155},{"text":"the","start":6309.155,"end":6309.236},{"text":"space","start":6309.236,"end":6309.558},{"text":"environment","start":6309.558,"end":6310.074},{"text":"while","start":6310.372,"end":6310.533},{"text":"preserving","start":6310.533,"end":6311.063},{"text":"it","start":6311.079,"end":6311.111},{"text":"for","start":6311.111,"end":6311.303},{"text":"future","start":6311.32,"end":6311.576},{"text":"generations","start":6311.576,"end":6312.427},{"text":"continues","start":6312.765,"end":6313.15},{"text":"to","start":6313.246,"end":6313.343},{"text":"be","start":6313.343,"end":6313.487},{"text":"a","start":6313.487,"end":6313.503},{"text":"key","start":6313.567,"end":6313.808},{"text":"priority","start":6313.808,"end":6314.306},{"text":"for","start":6314.306,"end":6314.467},{"text":"the","start":6314.467,"end":6314.611},{"text":"UK","start":6314.611,"end":6314.948},{"text":"government.","start":6314.948,"end":6315.526}]},{"text":"The UK Space Agency takes a multifaceted approach to delivering on its space sustainability commitments across the development of new missions, technologies, and our national regulatory framework.","start":6316.056,"end":6327.167,"topics":[{"key":"space-sustainability","label":"Long-Term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities","description":"Several delegations emphasized implementation of the COPUOS Long-Term Sustainability Guidelines and the need for continued work beyond the current mandate. The topic included national laws, reporting on implementation, information-sharing tools, and preserving space for future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":6316.056,"end":6316.137},{"text":"UK","start":6316.137,"end":6316.409},{"text":"Space","start":6316.409,"end":6316.875},{"text":"Agency","start":6316.875,"end":6317.325},{"text":"takes","start":6317.357,"end":6317.678},{"text":"a","start":6317.678,"end":6317.694},{"text":"multifaceted","start":6317.71,"end":6318.577},{"text":"approach","start":6318.577,"end":6319.091},{"text":"to","start":6319.284,"end":6319.316},{"text":"delivering","start":6319.316,"end":6319.733},{"text":"on","start":6319.83,"end":6319.878},{"text":"its","start":6319.926,"end":6320.006},{"text":"space","start":6320.006,"end":6320.263},{"text":"sustainability","start":6320.263,"end":6321.178},{"text":"commitments","start":6321.21,"end":6321.804},{"text":"across","start":6322.254,"end":6322.559},{"text":"the","start":6322.559,"end":6322.639},{"text":"development","start":6322.639,"end":6323.217},{"text":"of","start":6323.217,"end":6323.346},{"text":"new","start":6323.394,"end":6323.539},{"text":"missions,","start":6323.555,"end":6324.068},{"text":"technologies,","start":6324.261,"end":6325.032},{"text":"and","start":6325.385,"end":6325.449},{"text":"our","start":6325.53,"end":6325.626},{"text":"national","start":6325.626,"end":6326.092},{"text":"regulatory","start":6326.092,"end":6326.589},{"text":"framework.","start":6326.589,"end":6327.167}]},{"text":"In terms of new missions, the UK continues to support preparations for a national debris removal mission, which will demonstrate the capability to rendezvous, dock with, and safely remove 2 unprepared UK-licensed objects from orbit, in addition to wider investments in space sustainability research and technology development, including atmospheric ablation.","start":6328.195,"end":6349.34,"topics":[{"key":"space-debris","label":"Space Debris Mitigation and Removal","description":"A recurring concern was the growing debris environment and the need to prevent new debris, improve post-mission disposal, and develop active debris removal. Speakers also referred to design-for-demise, passivation, and ambitious initiatives such as zero-debris approaches."},{"key":"space-sustainability","label":"Long-Term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities","description":"Several delegations emphasized implementation of the COPUOS Long-Term Sustainability Guidelines and the need for continued work beyond the current mandate. The topic included national laws, reporting on implementation, information-sharing tools, and preserving space for future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":6328.195,"end":6328.243},{"text":"terms","start":6328.356,"end":6328.645},{"text":"of","start":6328.677,"end":6328.821},{"text":"new","start":6328.821,"end":6328.982},{"text":"missions,","start":6328.982,"end":6329.447},{"text":"the","start":6329.64,"end":6329.785},{"text":"UK","start":6329.785,"end":6330.074},{"text":"continues","start":6330.186,"end":6330.652},{"text":"to","start":6330.748,"end":6330.844},{"text":"support","start":6330.844,"end":6331.326},{"text":"preparations","start":6331.326,"end":6332.097},{"text":"for","start":6332.129,"end":6332.209},{"text":"a","start":6332.209,"end":6332.225},{"text":"national","start":6332.225,"end":6332.691},{"text":"debris","start":6332.691,"end":6333.012},{"text":"removal","start":6333.012,"end":6333.462},{"text":"mission,","start":6333.494,"end":6333.959},{"text":"which","start":6334.297,"end":6334.441},{"text":"will","start":6334.441,"end":6334.521},{"text":"demonstrate","start":6334.521,"end":6335.099},{"text":"the","start":6335.099,"end":6335.18},{"text":"capability","start":6335.18,"end":6335.758},{"text":"to","start":6335.886,"end":6336.03},{"text":"rendezvous,","start":6336.046,"end":6336.479},{"text":"dock","start":6337.008,"end":6337.265},{"text":"with,","start":6337.265,"end":6337.522},{"text":"and","start":6337.746,"end":6337.81},{"text":"safely","start":6337.826,"end":6338.275},{"text":"remove","start":6338.307,"end":6338.756},{"text":"2","start":6338.788,"end":6339.093},{"text":"unprepared","start":6339.173,"end":6339.799},{"text":"UK-licensed","start":6339.991,"end":6340.937},{"text":"objects","start":6340.937,"end":6341.29},{"text":"from","start":6341.29,"end":6341.515},{"text":"orbit,","start":6341.579,"end":6341.883},{"text":"in","start":6342.397,"end":6342.445},{"text":"addition","start":6342.493,"end":6342.942},{"text":"to","start":6342.942,"end":6343.038},{"text":"wider","start":6343.038,"end":6343.423},{"text":"investments","start":6343.439,"end":6344.096},{"text":"in","start":6344.16,"end":6344.209},{"text":"space","start":6344.305,"end":6344.561},{"text":"sustainability","start":6344.561,"end":6345.331},{"text":"research","start":6345.427,"end":6345.892},{"text":"and","start":6345.989,"end":6346.069},{"text":"technology","start":6346.085,"end":6346.646},{"text":"development,","start":6346.646,"end":6347.255},{"text":"including","start":6347.608,"end":6348.025},{"text":"atmospheric","start":6348.073,"end":6348.731},{"text":"ablation.","start":6348.731,"end":6349.34}]},{"text":"Additionally, the UK maintains focus on its space surveillance and tracking capabilities through our National Space Operations Center, established in May 2024, which provides conjunction analysis and warning to UK operators, along with reentry and license compliance.","start":6350.334,"end":6367.048,"topics":[{"key":"space-traffic-management","label":"Space Traffic Management and Space Situational Awareness","description":"Delegations highlighted the importance of tracking objects in orbit, issuing conjunction warnings, and coordinating maneuvers in an increasingly crowded space environment. The discussion covered national and regional surveillance systems, data sharing, and governance frameworks for safer operations."},{"key":"reentry-safety","label":"Reentry Safety","description":"Several statements focused on the risks posed by spacecraft and rocket bodies reentering the atmosphere, including fragmentation, ground safety, and effects on air and maritime traffic. Speakers described observation campaigns and modeling efforts to improve predictions and support safer spacecraft design and disposal."}],"words":[{"text":"Additionally,","start":6350.334,"end":6350.864},{"text":"the","start":6351.056,"end":6351.2},{"text":"UK","start":6351.2,"end":6351.617},{"text":"maintains","start":6351.617,"end":6352.227},{"text":"focus","start":6352.323,"end":6352.708},{"text":"on","start":6352.884,"end":6352.948},{"text":"its","start":6352.98,"end":6353.093},{"text":"space","start":6353.125,"end":6353.381},{"text":"surveillance","start":6353.381,"end":6353.894},{"text":"and","start":6353.942,"end":6354.007},{"text":"tracking","start":6354.023,"end":6354.375},{"text":"capabilities","start":6354.424,"end":6355.193},{"text":"through","start":6355.546,"end":6355.642},{"text":"our","start":6355.642,"end":6355.803},{"text":"National","start":6355.803,"end":6356.252},{"text":"Space","start":6356.252,"end":6356.54},{"text":"Operations","start":6356.669,"end":6357.262},{"text":"Center,","start":6357.262,"end":6357.759},{"text":"established","start":6358.112,"end":6358.657},{"text":"in","start":6358.657,"end":6358.705},{"text":"May","start":6358.705,"end":6358.994},{"text":"2024,","start":6358.994,"end":6359.972},{"text":"which","start":6360.341,"end":6360.453},{"text":"provides","start":6360.501,"end":6360.966},{"text":"conjunction","start":6360.998,"end":6361.576},{"text":"analysis","start":6361.576,"end":6362.185},{"text":"and","start":6362.185,"end":6362.265},{"text":"warning","start":6362.426,"end":6362.65},{"text":"to","start":6362.763,"end":6362.971},{"text":"UK","start":6362.987,"end":6363.388},{"text":"operators,","start":6363.469,"end":6364.175},{"text":"along","start":6364.688,"end":6364.977},{"text":"with","start":6364.993,"end":6365.17},{"text":"reentry","start":6365.17,"end":6365.748},{"text":"and","start":6365.812,"end":6365.876},{"text":"license","start":6365.892,"end":6366.454},{"text":"compliance.","start":6366.454,"end":6367.048}]},{"text":"The UK welcomes UNOOSA's work in this area, particularly the sustainability days held ahead of this session.","start":6367.882,"end":6373.804,"topics":[{"key":"space-sustainability","label":"Long-Term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities","description":"Several delegations emphasized implementation of the COPUOS Long-Term Sustainability Guidelines and the need for continued work beyond the current mandate. The topic included national laws, reporting on implementation, information-sharing tools, and preserving space for future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":6367.882,"end":6367.962},{"text":"UK","start":6367.962,"end":6368.38},{"text":"welcomes","start":6368.38,"end":6368.941},{"text":"UNOOSA's","start":6368.941,"end":6369.487},{"text":"work","start":6369.487,"end":6369.744},{"text":"in","start":6369.744,"end":6369.808},{"text":"this","start":6369.808,"end":6369.872},{"text":"area,","start":6370.049,"end":6370.434},{"text":"particularly","start":6370.626,"end":6371.076},{"text":"the","start":6371.108,"end":6371.188},{"text":"sustainability","start":6371.188,"end":6372.007},{"text":"days","start":6372.007,"end":6372.36},{"text":"held","start":6372.536,"end":6372.729},{"text":"ahead","start":6372.729,"end":6373.05},{"text":"of","start":6373.05,"end":6373.162},{"text":"this","start":6373.194,"end":6373.307},{"text":"session.","start":6373.355,"end":6373.804}]},{"text":"The UK looks forward to continuing to explore practical mechanisms to improve information sharing and ensure the safety and sustainability of future space operations.","start":6374.558,"end":6383.353,"topics":[{"key":"space-sustainability","label":"Long-Term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities","description":"Several delegations emphasized implementation of the COPUOS Long-Term Sustainability Guidelines and the need for continued work beyond the current mandate. The topic included national laws, reporting on implementation, information-sharing tools, and preserving space for future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":6374.558,"end":6374.703},{"text":"UK","start":6374.703,"end":6375.04},{"text":"looks","start":6375.04,"end":6375.345},{"text":"forward","start":6375.345,"end":6375.65},{"text":"to","start":6375.666,"end":6375.762},{"text":"continuing","start":6375.778,"end":6376.292},{"text":"to","start":6376.324,"end":6376.468},{"text":"explore","start":6376.468,"end":6376.885},{"text":"practical","start":6376.885,"end":6377.335},{"text":"mechanisms","start":6377.351,"end":6378.025},{"text":"to","start":6378.073,"end":6378.185},{"text":"improve","start":6378.185,"end":6378.651},{"text":"information","start":6378.651,"end":6379.277},{"text":"sharing","start":6379.277,"end":6379.742},{"text":"and","start":6380.015,"end":6380.079},{"text":"ensure","start":6380.111,"end":6380.416},{"text":"the","start":6380.416,"end":6380.448},{"text":"safety","start":6380.48,"end":6380.914},{"text":"and","start":6380.914,"end":6381.042},{"text":"sustainability","start":6381.042,"end":6381.748},{"text":"of","start":6381.796,"end":6381.876},{"text":"future","start":6381.876,"end":6382.246},{"text":"space","start":6382.246,"end":6382.534},{"text":"operations.","start":6382.679,"end":6383.353}]},{"text":"Chair, the UK recognizes that to achieve our goal of sustainable space environment, International collaboration and the dissemination of best practices, knowledge, and experience is vital.","start":6384.332,"end":6394.592,"topics":[{"key":"space-sustainability","label":"Long-Term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities","description":"Several delegations emphasized implementation of the COPUOS Long-Term Sustainability Guidelines and the need for continued work beyond the current mandate. The topic included national laws, reporting on implementation, information-sharing tools, and preserving space for future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"Chair,","start":6384.332,"end":6384.685},{"text":"the","start":6385.07,"end":6385.215},{"text":"UK","start":6385.215,"end":6385.552},{"text":"recognizes","start":6385.552,"end":6386.242},{"text":"that","start":6386.274,"end":6386.515},{"text":"to","start":6386.515,"end":6386.643},{"text":"achieve","start":6386.659,"end":6387.012},{"text":"our","start":6387.06,"end":6387.156},{"text":"goal","start":6387.156,"end":6387.381},{"text":"of","start":6387.381,"end":6387.477},{"text":"sustainable","start":6387.494,"end":6388.007},{"text":"space","start":6388.039,"end":6388.36},{"text":"environment,","start":6388.36,"end":6388.761},{"text":"International","start":6389.307,"end":6389.87},{"text":"collaboration","start":6389.87,"end":6390.544},{"text":"and","start":6390.609,"end":6390.673},{"text":"the","start":6390.689,"end":6390.785},{"text":"dissemination","start":6390.785,"end":6391.492},{"text":"of","start":6391.492,"end":6391.556},{"text":"best","start":6391.572,"end":6391.781},{"text":"practices,","start":6391.877,"end":6392.424},{"text":"knowledge,","start":6392.777,"end":6393.146},{"text":"and","start":6393.179,"end":6393.243},{"text":"experience","start":6393.323,"end":6393.998},{"text":"is","start":6393.998,"end":6394.11},{"text":"vital.","start":6394.142,"end":6394.592}]},{"text":"The UK welcomes the annual release of the IADC report on the status of the space debris environment, which was released at this session.","start":6395.267,"end":6403.105,"topics":[{"key":"space-debris","label":"Space Debris Mitigation and Removal","description":"A recurring concern was the growing debris environment and the need to prevent new debris, improve post-mission disposal, and develop active debris removal. Speakers also referred to design-for-demise, passivation, and ambitious initiatives such as zero-debris approaches."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":6395.267,"end":6395.411},{"text":"UK","start":6395.411,"end":6395.813},{"text":"welcomes","start":6395.813,"end":6396.23},{"text":"the","start":6396.23,"end":6396.279},{"text":"annual","start":6396.375,"end":6396.648},{"text":"release","start":6396.648,"end":6396.921},{"text":"of","start":6397.05,"end":6397.162},{"text":"the","start":6397.178,"end":6397.242},{"text":"IADC","start":6397.275,"end":6398.64},{"text":"report","start":6398.72,"end":6399.282},{"text":"on","start":6399.282,"end":6399.331},{"text":"the","start":6399.363,"end":6399.427},{"text":"status","start":6399.427,"end":6399.861},{"text":"of","start":6399.861,"end":6399.989},{"text":"the","start":6399.989,"end":6400.069},{"text":"space","start":6400.069,"end":6400.31},{"text":"debris","start":6400.343,"end":6400.648},{"text":"environment,","start":6400.648,"end":6401.178},{"text":"which","start":6401.692,"end":6401.82},{"text":"was","start":6401.852,"end":6401.981},{"text":"released","start":6402.013,"end":6402.399},{"text":"at","start":6402.399,"end":6402.479},{"text":"this","start":6402.479,"end":6402.656},{"text":"session.","start":6402.656,"end":6403.105}]},{"text":"The report serves as a critical insight into the global compliance with the space debris mitigation guidelines and the forecasted environmental challenges we may begin to face on orbit.","start":6403.78,"end":6413.257,"topics":[{"key":"space-debris","label":"Space Debris Mitigation and Removal","description":"A recurring concern was the growing debris environment and the need to prevent new debris, improve post-mission disposal, and develop active debris removal. Speakers also referred to design-for-demise, passivation, and ambitious initiatives such as zero-debris approaches."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":6403.78,"end":6403.844},{"text":"report","start":6403.844,"end":6404.262},{"text":"serves","start":6404.262,"end":6404.471},{"text":"as","start":6404.503,"end":6404.551},{"text":"a","start":6404.663,"end":6404.679},{"text":"critical","start":6404.728,"end":6405.129},{"text":"insight","start":6405.145,"end":6405.531},{"text":"into","start":6405.627,"end":6405.788},{"text":"the","start":6405.788,"end":6405.868},{"text":"global","start":6405.868,"end":6406.254},{"text":"compliance","start":6406.254,"end":6406.912},{"text":"with","start":6407.217,"end":6407.394},{"text":"the","start":6407.394,"end":6407.474},{"text":"space","start":6407.474,"end":6407.812},{"text":"debris","start":6407.812,"end":6408.117},{"text":"mitigation","start":6408.117,"end":6408.647},{"text":"guidelines","start":6408.759,"end":6409.37},{"text":"and","start":6409.402,"end":6409.514},{"text":"the","start":6409.546,"end":6409.627},{"text":"forecasted","start":6409.627,"end":6410.35},{"text":"environmental","start":6410.35,"end":6410.992},{"text":"challenges","start":6410.992,"end":6411.458},{"text":"we","start":6411.49,"end":6411.586},{"text":"may","start":6411.586,"end":6411.811},{"text":"begin","start":6411.811,"end":6412.116},{"text":"to","start":6412.116,"end":6412.213},{"text":"face","start":6412.213,"end":6412.406},{"text":"on","start":6412.679,"end":6412.727},{"text":"orbit.","start":6412.775,"end":6413.257}]},{"text":"Noting importance of evidence-based approaches for international agreements, the UK Space Agency commissioned a study to support the development of threshold-based models and begin their— and begin to evaluate their incorporation into existing and new frameworks for space governance or regulatory coordination.","start":6414.205,"end":6432.092,"topics":[{"key":"space-sustainability","label":"Long-Term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities","description":"Several delegations emphasized implementation of the COPUOS Long-Term Sustainability Guidelines and the need for continued work beyond the current mandate. The topic included national laws, reporting on implementation, information-sharing tools, and preserving space for future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"Noting","start":6414.205,"end":6414.67},{"text":"importance","start":6414.526,"end":6415.136},{"text":"of","start":6415.409,"end":6415.473},{"text":"evidence-based","start":6416.613,"end":6417.223},{"text":"approaches","start":6417.255,"end":6417.882},{"text":"for","start":6417.914,"end":6418.058},{"text":"international","start":6418.058,"end":6418.652},{"text":"agreements,","start":6418.652,"end":6419.182},{"text":"the","start":6419.584,"end":6419.664},{"text":"UK","start":6419.664,"end":6419.937},{"text":"Space","start":6419.937,"end":6420.322},{"text":"Agency","start":6420.322,"end":6420.772},{"text":"commissioned","start":6420.788,"end":6421.205},{"text":"a","start":6421.205,"end":6421.221},{"text":"study","start":6421.27,"end":6421.575},{"text":"to","start":6421.607,"end":6421.655},{"text":"support","start":6421.671,"end":6422.089},{"text":"the","start":6422.089,"end":6422.233},{"text":"development","start":6422.233,"end":6422.699},{"text":"of","start":6422.827,"end":6422.94},{"text":"threshold-based","start":6422.972,"end":6423.742},{"text":"models","start":6423.758,"end":6424.144},{"text":"and","start":6424.802,"end":6424.882},{"text":"begin","start":6424.979,"end":6425.268},{"text":"their—","start":6425.3,"end":6425.412},{"text":"and","start":6425.862,"end":6425.926},{"text":"begin","start":6425.942,"end":6426.247},{"text":"to","start":6426.247,"end":6426.279},{"text":"evaluate","start":6426.279,"end":6426.97},{"text":"their","start":6426.97,"end":6427.066},{"text":"incorporation","start":6427.066,"end":6427.869},{"text":"into","start":6427.869,"end":6428.013},{"text":"existing","start":6428.029,"end":6428.495},{"text":"and","start":6428.591,"end":6428.736},{"text":"new","start":6428.736,"end":6428.832},{"text":"frameworks","start":6428.832,"end":6429.587},{"text":"for","start":6429.619,"end":6429.699},{"text":"space","start":6429.715,"end":6429.988},{"text":"governance","start":6430.117,"end":6430.743},{"text":"or","start":6430.743,"end":6430.823},{"text":"regulatory","start":6430.823,"end":6431.289},{"text":"coordination.","start":6431.321,"end":6432.092}]},{"text":"Earlier in this session, the UK provided under— sorry, provided under this agenda item presentation titled Findings from the UK Space Agency and UNOOSA Space Environment Sustainability Assessment, which highlights our initial findings from this topic.","start":6432.911,"end":6450.175,"topics":[{"key":"space-sustainability","label":"Long-Term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities","description":"Several delegations emphasized implementation of the COPUOS Long-Term Sustainability Guidelines and the need for continued work beyond the current mandate. The topic included national laws, reporting on implementation, information-sharing tools, and preserving space for future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"Earlier","start":6432.911,"end":6433.168},{"text":"in","start":6433.168,"end":6433.232},{"text":"this","start":6433.312,"end":6433.489},{"text":"session,","start":6433.489,"end":6433.858},{"text":"the","start":6434.035,"end":6434.115},{"text":"UK","start":6434.115,"end":6434.452},{"text":"provided","start":6434.452,"end":6435.191},{"text":"under—","start":6435.335,"end":6435.753},{"text":"sorry,","start":6437.005,"end":6437.23},{"text":"provided","start":6437.342,"end":6438.274},{"text":"under","start":6438.45,"end":6438.707},{"text":"this","start":6438.707,"end":6438.9},{"text":"agenda","start":6438.964,"end":6439.43},{"text":"item","start":6439.43,"end":6439.847},{"text":"presentation","start":6440.633,"end":6441.403},{"text":"titled","start":6441.435,"end":6442.044},{"text":"Findings","start":6442.157,"end":6442.638},{"text":"from","start":6442.67,"end":6442.782},{"text":"the","start":6442.782,"end":6442.878},{"text":"UK","start":6442.878,"end":6443.231},{"text":"Space","start":6443.279,"end":6443.664},{"text":"Agency","start":6443.664,"end":6444.129},{"text":"and","start":6444.225,"end":6444.29},{"text":"UNOOSA","start":6444.386,"end":6444.963},{"text":"Space","start":6444.963,"end":6445.428},{"text":"Environment","start":6445.428,"end":6446.07},{"text":"Sustainability","start":6446.07,"end":6446.807},{"text":"Assessment,","start":6446.807,"end":6447.321},{"text":"which","start":6447.69,"end":6447.818},{"text":"highlights","start":6447.834,"end":6448.347},{"text":"our","start":6448.347,"end":6448.54},{"text":"initial","start":6448.636,"end":6448.956},{"text":"findings","start":6448.956,"end":6449.389},{"text":"from","start":6449.422,"end":6449.502},{"text":"this","start":6449.534,"end":6449.678},{"text":"topic.","start":6449.678,"end":6450.175}]},{"text":"To continue this discussion, we welcome delegates to a side event to be co-hosted with UNOOSA tomorrow morning to gather member states' reflections on this topic.","start":6450.881,"end":6459.718,"topics":[{"key":"space-sustainability","label":"Long-Term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities","description":"Several delegations emphasized implementation of the COPUOS Long-Term Sustainability Guidelines and the need for continued work beyond the current mandate. The topic included national laws, reporting on implementation, information-sharing tools, and preserving space for future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"To","start":6450.881,"end":6450.977},{"text":"continue","start":6450.977,"end":6451.378},{"text":"this","start":6451.378,"end":6451.506},{"text":"discussion,","start":6451.603,"end":6452.132},{"text":"we","start":6452.324,"end":6452.421},{"text":"welcome","start":6452.485,"end":6452.87},{"text":"delegates","start":6452.982,"end":6453.463},{"text":"to","start":6453.463,"end":6453.543},{"text":"a","start":6453.543,"end":6453.559},{"text":"side","start":6453.559,"end":6453.944},{"text":"event","start":6453.944,"end":6454.441},{"text":"to","start":6454.489,"end":6454.586},{"text":"be","start":6454.586,"end":6454.746},{"text":"co-hosted","start":6454.746,"end":6455.612},{"text":"with","start":6455.612,"end":6455.708},{"text":"UNOOSA","start":6455.788,"end":6456.173},{"text":"tomorrow","start":6456.173,"end":6456.51},{"text":"morning","start":6456.51,"end":6456.879},{"text":"to","start":6457.296,"end":6457.392},{"text":"gather","start":6457.392,"end":6457.633},{"text":"member","start":6457.649,"end":6457.969},{"text":"states'","start":6457.969,"end":6458.338},{"text":"reflections","start":6458.338,"end":6458.932},{"text":"on","start":6458.996,"end":6459.044},{"text":"this","start":6459.076,"end":6459.204},{"text":"topic.","start":6459.236,"end":6459.718}]},{"text":"The UK would like to thank the chair of the Long-Term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities Working Group and UNUSA, our Secretariat, for their significant efforts in coordinating and advancing our discussion in this area.","start":6461.001,"end":6471.757,"topics":[{"key":"space-sustainability","label":"Long-Term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities","description":"Several delegations emphasized implementation of the COPUOS Long-Term Sustainability Guidelines and the need for continued work beyond the current mandate. The topic included national laws, reporting on implementation, information-sharing tools, and preserving space for future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":6461.001,"end":6461.145},{"text":"UK","start":6461.145,"end":6461.466},{"text":"would","start":6461.466,"end":6461.562},{"text":"like","start":6461.562,"end":6461.658},{"text":"to","start":6461.658,"end":6461.883},{"text":"thank","start":6461.883,"end":6462.123},{"text":"the","start":6462.123,"end":6462.268},{"text":"chair","start":6462.268,"end":6462.62},{"text":"of","start":6462.684,"end":6462.813},{"text":"the","start":6462.829,"end":6462.989},{"text":"Long-Term","start":6462.989,"end":6463.47},{"text":"Sustainability","start":6463.47,"end":6464.128},{"text":"of","start":6464.128,"end":6464.192},{"text":"Outer","start":6464.272,"end":6464.433},{"text":"Space","start":6464.433,"end":6464.769},{"text":"Activities","start":6464.769,"end":6465.299},{"text":"Working","start":6465.331,"end":6465.7},{"text":"Group","start":6465.7,"end":6465.973},{"text":"and","start":6466.294,"end":6466.358},{"text":"UNUSA,","start":6466.39,"end":6466.744},{"text":"our","start":6466.776,"end":6466.856},{"text":"Secretariat,","start":6466.953,"end":6467.74},{"text":"for","start":6467.804,"end":6467.885},{"text":"their","start":6467.885,"end":6467.997},{"text":"significant","start":6467.997,"end":6468.624},{"text":"efforts","start":6468.688,"end":6468.961},{"text":"in","start":6468.961,"end":6469.074},{"text":"coordinating","start":6469.09,"end":6469.765},{"text":"and","start":6469.829,"end":6469.893},{"text":"advancing","start":6469.925,"end":6470.359},{"text":"our","start":6470.471,"end":6470.552},{"text":"discussion","start":6470.552,"end":6471.018},{"text":"in","start":6471.018,"end":6471.066},{"text":"this","start":6471.114,"end":6471.227},{"text":"area.","start":6471.339,"end":6471.757}]},{"text":"The UK attaches great importance to the work of the Working Group and looks forward to further progress at this session.","start":6472.383,"end":6478.404,"topics":[{"key":"space-sustainability","label":"Long-Term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities","description":"Several delegations emphasized implementation of the COPUOS Long-Term Sustainability Guidelines and the need for continued work beyond the current mandate. The topic included national laws, reporting on implementation, information-sharing tools, and preserving space for future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":6472.383,"end":6472.464},{"text":"UK","start":6472.464,"end":6472.753},{"text":"attaches","start":6472.801,"end":6473.171},{"text":"great","start":6473.203,"end":6473.508},{"text":"importance","start":6473.508,"end":6474.087},{"text":"to","start":6474.087,"end":6474.135},{"text":"the","start":6474.151,"end":6474.231},{"text":"work","start":6474.231,"end":6474.488},{"text":"of","start":6474.488,"end":6474.617},{"text":"the","start":6474.633,"end":6474.697},{"text":"Working","start":6474.713,"end":6475.051},{"text":"Group","start":6475.051,"end":6475.534},{"text":"and","start":6475.534,"end":6475.614},{"text":"looks","start":6475.614,"end":6475.872},{"text":"forward","start":6475.921,"end":6476.469},{"text":"to","start":6476.565,"end":6476.678},{"text":"further","start":6476.678,"end":6477.081},{"text":"progress","start":6477.146,"end":6477.662},{"text":"at","start":6477.694,"end":6477.791},{"text":"this","start":6477.791,"end":6477.92},{"text":"session.","start":6477.952,"end":6478.404}]},{"text":"To support this work, the UK produced a conference room paper, A/AC.105/C.1/2025/CRP21, which provides an update to the UK's approach to implementation of the guidelines for the long-term sustainability of outer space activities.","start":6478.984,"end":6496.788,"topics":[{"key":"space-sustainability","label":"Long-Term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities","description":"Several delegations emphasized implementation of the COPUOS Long-Term Sustainability Guidelines and the need for continued work beyond the current mandate. The topic included national laws, reporting on implementation, information-sharing tools, and preserving space for future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"To","start":6478.984,"end":6479.065},{"text":"support","start":6479.065,"end":6479.484},{"text":"this","start":6479.484,"end":6479.597},{"text":"work,","start":6479.709,"end":6480.113},{"text":"the","start":6480.193,"end":6480.274},{"text":"UK","start":6480.274,"end":6480.5},{"text":"produced","start":6480.532,"end":6480.885},{"text":"a","start":6480.917,"end":6480.998},{"text":"conference","start":6480.998,"end":6481.415},{"text":"room","start":6481.415,"end":6481.592},{"text":"paper,","start":6481.64,"end":6482.026},{"text":"A/AC.105/C.1/2025/CRP21,","start":6482.524,"end":6489.898},{"text":"which","start":6490.38,"end":6490.465},{"text":"provides","start":6490.465,"end":6490.771},{"text":"an","start":6490.771,"end":6490.856},{"text":"update","start":6490.924,"end":6491.349},{"text":"to","start":6491.349,"end":6491.451},{"text":"the","start":6491.41,"end":6491.506},{"text":"UK's","start":6491.506,"end":6491.939},{"text":"approach","start":6491.939,"end":6492.261},{"text":"to","start":6492.261,"end":6492.453},{"text":"implementation","start":6492.469,"end":6493.256},{"text":"of","start":6493.288,"end":6493.352},{"text":"the","start":6493.433,"end":6493.513},{"text":"guidelines","start":6493.513,"end":6494.059},{"text":"for","start":6494.075,"end":6494.139},{"text":"the","start":6494.139,"end":6494.235},{"text":"long-term","start":6494.235,"end":6494.717},{"text":"sustainability","start":6494.717,"end":6495.311},{"text":"of","start":6495.311,"end":6495.52},{"text":"outer","start":6495.52,"end":6495.681},{"text":"space","start":6495.681,"end":6495.97},{"text":"activities.","start":6496.098,"end":6496.788}]},{"text":"Reporting on implementation of the guidelines is a vital tool to share practices and uncover common challenges in their implementation, which may guide future work of the committee.","start":6497.527,"end":6506.711,"topics":[{"key":"space-sustainability","label":"Long-Term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities","description":"Several delegations emphasized implementation of the COPUOS Long-Term Sustainability Guidelines and the need for continued work beyond the current mandate. The topic included national laws, reporting on implementation, information-sharing tools, and preserving space for future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"Reporting","start":6497.527,"end":6497.993},{"text":"on","start":6498.009,"end":6498.057},{"text":"implementation","start":6498.169,"end":6498.763},{"text":"of","start":6498.763,"end":6498.844},{"text":"the","start":6498.892,"end":6498.972},{"text":"guidelines","start":6498.972,"end":6499.502},{"text":"is","start":6499.55,"end":6499.63},{"text":"a","start":6499.63,"end":6499.711},{"text":"vital","start":6499.711,"end":6500.112},{"text":"tool","start":6500.112,"end":6500.353},{"text":"to","start":6500.353,"end":6500.433},{"text":"share","start":6500.433,"end":6500.674},{"text":"practices","start":6500.674,"end":6501.204},{"text":"and","start":6501.316,"end":6501.381},{"text":"uncover","start":6501.461,"end":6502.2},{"text":"common","start":6502.424,"end":6502.633},{"text":"challenges","start":6502.681,"end":6503.291},{"text":"in","start":6503.404,"end":6503.452},{"text":"their","start":6503.484,"end":6503.661},{"text":"implementation,","start":6503.709,"end":6504.48},{"text":"which","start":6504.849,"end":6505.009},{"text":"may","start":6505.009,"end":6505.25},{"text":"guide","start":6505.25,"end":6505.539},{"text":"future","start":6505.571,"end":6505.893},{"text":"work","start":6505.893,"end":6506.149},{"text":"of","start":6506.149,"end":6506.262},{"text":"the","start":6506.278,"end":6506.358},{"text":"committee.","start":6506.358,"end":6506.711}]},{"text":"In recognition of this, the UK Space Agency is supporting the development of a repository, as agreed at the 60th session of this committee, to provide an easily accessible and searchable open-source repository of implementation practices, which we hope will serve as a tool for building transparency, confidence, and capacity.","start":6507.659,"end":6525.281,"topics":[{"key":"space-sustainability","label":"Long-Term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities","description":"Several delegations emphasized implementation of the COPUOS Long-Term Sustainability Guidelines and the need for continued work beyond the current mandate. The topic included national laws, reporting on implementation, information-sharing tools, and preserving space for future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":6507.659,"end":6507.723},{"text":"recognition","start":6507.755,"end":6508.365},{"text":"of","start":6508.365,"end":6508.43},{"text":"this,","start":6508.462,"end":6508.686},{"text":"the","start":6508.783,"end":6508.927},{"text":"UK","start":6508.927,"end":6509.2},{"text":"Space","start":6509.2,"end":6509.65},{"text":"Agency","start":6509.65,"end":6510.035},{"text":"is","start":6510.132,"end":6510.164},{"text":"supporting","start":6510.164,"end":6510.645},{"text":"the","start":6510.645,"end":6510.71},{"text":"development","start":6510.71,"end":6511.207},{"text":"of","start":6511.207,"end":6511.32},{"text":"a","start":6511.352,"end":6511.368},{"text":"repository,","start":6511.416,"end":6512.042},{"text":"as","start":6512.46,"end":6512.524},{"text":"agreed","start":6512.62,"end":6512.941},{"text":"at","start":6512.941,"end":6513.022},{"text":"the","start":6513.022,"end":6513.054},{"text":"60th","start":6513.054,"end":6513.471},{"text":"session","start":6513.471,"end":6513.857},{"text":"of","start":6513.857,"end":6513.985},{"text":"this","start":6513.985,"end":6514.049},{"text":"committee,","start":6514.146,"end":6514.531},{"text":"to","start":6514.884,"end":6514.981},{"text":"provide","start":6514.981,"end":6515.318},{"text":"an","start":6515.366,"end":6515.414},{"text":"easily","start":6515.51,"end":6515.767},{"text":"accessible","start":6515.767,"end":6516.41},{"text":"and","start":6516.474,"end":6516.538},{"text":"searchable","start":6516.57,"end":6516.94},{"text":"open-source","start":6517.517,"end":6518.014},{"text":"repository","start":6518.014,"end":6518.624},{"text":"of","start":6518.8,"end":6518.864},{"text":"implementation","start":6518.897,"end":6519.683},{"text":"practices,","start":6519.699,"end":6520.228},{"text":"which","start":6520.725,"end":6520.838},{"text":"we","start":6520.886,"end":6520.982},{"text":"hope","start":6520.982,"end":6521.287},{"text":"will","start":6521.287,"end":6521.335},{"text":"serve","start":6521.335,"end":6521.64},{"text":"as","start":6521.64,"end":6521.784},{"text":"a","start":6521.784,"end":6521.8},{"text":"tool","start":6521.848,"end":6521.993},{"text":"for","start":6522.249,"end":6522.362},{"text":"building","start":6522.362,"end":6522.634},{"text":"transparency,","start":6522.666,"end":6523.436},{"text":"confidence,","start":6523.853,"end":6524.511},{"text":"and","start":6524.591,"end":6524.655},{"text":"capacity.","start":6524.736,"end":6525.281}]},{"text":"We hope delegates were able to attend our side event demonstrating the repository held on Monday, co-hosted with the UNUSA.","start":6525.875,"end":6532.211,"topics":[{"key":"space-sustainability","label":"Long-Term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities","description":"Several delegations emphasized implementation of the COPUOS Long-Term Sustainability Guidelines and the need for continued work beyond the current mandate. The topic included national laws, reporting on implementation, information-sharing tools, and preserving space for future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":6525.875,"end":6526.019},{"text":"hope","start":6526.019,"end":6526.195},{"text":"delegates","start":6526.195,"end":6526.741},{"text":"were","start":6526.741,"end":6526.821},{"text":"able","start":6526.837,"end":6527.158},{"text":"to","start":6527.158,"end":6527.286},{"text":"attend","start":6527.302,"end":6527.655},{"text":"our","start":6527.655,"end":6527.719},{"text":"side","start":6527.719,"end":6528.12},{"text":"event","start":6528.12,"end":6528.441},{"text":"demonstrating","start":6528.441,"end":6529.019},{"text":"the","start":6529.019,"end":6529.099},{"text":"repository","start":6529.099,"end":6529.693},{"text":"held","start":6530.11,"end":6530.366},{"text":"on","start":6530.366,"end":6530.398},{"text":"Monday,","start":6530.398,"end":6530.928},{"text":"co-hosted","start":6530.992,"end":6531.537},{"text":"with","start":6531.537,"end":6531.65},{"text":"the","start":6531.65,"end":6531.73},{"text":"UNUSA.","start":6531.73,"end":6532.211}]},{"text":"Chair, an important discussion at this session will be the development of a substantial report for the Working Group and its next steps.","start":6533.478,"end":6540.039,"topics":[{"key":"space-sustainability","label":"Long-Term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities","description":"Several delegations emphasized implementation of the COPUOS Long-Term Sustainability Guidelines and the need for continued work beyond the current mandate. The topic included national laws, reporting on implementation, information-sharing tools, and preserving space for future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"Chair,","start":6533.478,"end":6533.879},{"text":"an","start":6533.976,"end":6534.056},{"text":"important","start":6534.056,"end":6534.473},{"text":"discussion","start":6534.473,"end":6534.906},{"text":"at","start":6534.938,"end":6535.018},{"text":"this","start":6535.018,"end":6535.131},{"text":"session","start":6535.179,"end":6535.532},{"text":"will","start":6535.564,"end":6535.628},{"text":"be","start":6535.66,"end":6535.756},{"text":"the","start":6535.756,"end":6535.885},{"text":"development","start":6535.885,"end":6536.494},{"text":"of","start":6536.943,"end":6537.04},{"text":"a","start":6537.04,"end":6537.216},{"text":"substantial","start":6537.264,"end":6537.922},{"text":"report","start":6537.922,"end":6538.451},{"text":"for","start":6538.451,"end":6538.531},{"text":"the","start":6538.531,"end":6538.612},{"text":"Working","start":6538.612,"end":6538.884},{"text":"Group","start":6538.884,"end":6539.189},{"text":"and","start":6539.189,"end":6539.253},{"text":"its","start":6539.269,"end":6539.446},{"text":"next","start":6539.446,"end":6539.686},{"text":"steps.","start":6539.686,"end":6540.039}]},{"text":"To support this discussion, the UK, along with Canada, the Philippines, Chile, Spain, and France have released a conference room paper, A/AC.105/C.1/2025CRP14.","start":6540.697,"end":6555.351,"topics":[{"key":"space-sustainability","label":"Long-Term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities","description":"Several delegations emphasized implementation of the COPUOS Long-Term Sustainability Guidelines and the need for continued work beyond the current mandate. The topic included national laws, reporting on implementation, information-sharing tools, and preserving space for future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"To","start":6540.697,"end":6540.777},{"text":"support","start":6540.777,"end":6541.114},{"text":"this","start":6541.114,"end":6541.307},{"text":"discussion,","start":6541.307,"end":6541.868},{"text":"the","start":6542.237,"end":6542.381},{"text":"UK,","start":6542.381,"end":6542.67},{"text":"along","start":6542.959,"end":6543.167},{"text":"with","start":6543.183,"end":6543.328},{"text":"Canada,","start":6543.344,"end":6543.905},{"text":"the","start":6543.921,"end":6544.114},{"text":"Philippines,","start":6544.32,"end":6544.562},{"text":"Chile,","start":6544.659,"end":6544.885},{"text":"Spain,","start":6545.176,"end":6545.692},{"text":"and","start":6545.725,"end":6545.789},{"text":"France","start":6545.87,"end":6546.274},{"text":"have","start":6546.274,"end":6546.387},{"text":"released","start":6546.387,"end":6546.758},{"text":"a","start":6546.758,"end":6546.775},{"text":"conference","start":6546.775,"end":6547.178},{"text":"room","start":6547.178,"end":6547.34},{"text":"paper,","start":6547.34,"end":6547.824},{"text":"A/AC.105/C.1/2025CRP14.","start":6548.697,"end":6555.351}]},{"text":"The paper identifies a set of potential consensus recommendations gathered from our current schedule of work and identifies a set of next steps for future work, which will ensure long-term sustainability continues to be a key topic of discussion at UN Thank you, Chair.","start":6556.03,"end":6570.986,"topics":[{"key":"space-sustainability","label":"Long-Term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities","description":"Several delegations emphasized implementation of the COPUOS Long-Term Sustainability Guidelines and the need for continued work beyond the current mandate. The topic included national laws, reporting on implementation, information-sharing tools, and preserving space for future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":6556.03,"end":6556.062},{"text":"paper","start":6556.062,"end":6556.352},{"text":"identifies","start":6556.368,"end":6557.076},{"text":"a","start":6557.125,"end":6557.173},{"text":"set","start":6557.173,"end":6557.495},{"text":"of","start":6557.495,"end":6557.592},{"text":"potential","start":6557.592,"end":6558.075},{"text":"consensus","start":6558.075,"end":6558.638},{"text":"recommendations","start":6558.638,"end":6559.572},{"text":"gathered","start":6559.604,"end":6559.894},{"text":"from","start":6559.91,"end":6560.071},{"text":"our","start":6560.071,"end":6560.168},{"text":"current","start":6560.168,"end":6560.506},{"text":"schedule","start":6560.506,"end":6560.957},{"text":"of","start":6560.957,"end":6561.022},{"text":"work","start":6561.054,"end":6561.505},{"text":"and","start":6561.859,"end":6561.923},{"text":"identifies","start":6561.923,"end":6562.503},{"text":"a","start":6562.503,"end":6562.519},{"text":"set","start":6562.519,"end":6562.873},{"text":"of","start":6562.97,"end":6563.051},{"text":"next","start":6563.131,"end":6563.324},{"text":"steps","start":6563.324,"end":6563.695},{"text":"for","start":6563.695,"end":6563.775},{"text":"future","start":6563.775,"end":6564.162},{"text":"work,","start":6564.178,"end":6564.436},{"text":"which","start":6564.741,"end":6564.806},{"text":"will","start":6564.919,"end":6565.015},{"text":"ensure","start":6565.015,"end":6565.418},{"text":"long-term","start":6565.466,"end":6565.887},{"text":"sustainability","start":6565.887,"end":6566.614},{"text":"continues","start":6566.614,"end":6567.067},{"text":"to","start":6567.115,"end":6567.244},{"text":"be","start":6567.244,"end":6567.422},{"text":"a","start":6567.422,"end":6567.568},{"text":"key","start":6567.568,"end":6567.746},{"text":"topic","start":6567.746,"end":6568.247},{"text":"of","start":6568.247,"end":6568.327},{"text":"discussion","start":6568.376,"end":6568.845},{"text":"at","start":6569.022,"end":6569.119},{"text":"UN","start":6569.119,"end":6569.41},{"text":"Thank","start":6570.326,"end":6570.551},{"text":"you,","start":6570.551,"end":6570.583},{"text":"Chair.","start":6570.632,"end":6570.986}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"GBR","affiliation_full":"United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":41,"start":6572.5,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1a/k1ad4k1m9e?t=6573","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of the UK for the statement.","start":6572.5,"end":6575.609,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":6572.5,"end":6572.581},{"text":"thank","start":6572.581,"end":6572.822},{"text":"the","start":6572.822,"end":6572.903},{"text":"distinguished","start":6572.903,"end":6573.467},{"text":"representative","start":6573.467,"end":6574.175},{"text":"of","start":6574.175,"end":6574.24},{"text":"the","start":6574.272,"end":6574.417},{"text":"UK","start":6574.417,"end":6574.691},{"text":"for","start":6574.755,"end":6574.916},{"text":"the","start":6574.916,"end":6575.013},{"text":"statement.","start":6575.013,"end":6575.609}]},{"text":"Next speaker on my list is the distinguished representative of Saudi Arabia.","start":6576.23,"end":6579.466,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next","start":6576.23,"end":6576.328},{"text":"speaker","start":6576.328,"end":6576.655},{"text":"on","start":6576.655,"end":6576.687},{"text":"my","start":6576.687,"end":6576.9},{"text":"list","start":6576.9,"end":6577.161},{"text":"is","start":6577.161,"end":6577.292},{"text":"the","start":6577.308,"end":6577.39},{"text":"distinguished","start":6577.39,"end":6577.897},{"text":"representative","start":6577.897,"end":6578.616},{"text":"of","start":6578.616,"end":6578.73},{"text":"Saudi","start":6578.73,"end":6579.041},{"text":"Arabia.","start":6579.106,"end":6579.466}]},{"text":"You have the floor.","start":6579.597,"end":6580.251,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"You","start":6579.597,"end":6579.662},{"text":"have","start":6579.679,"end":6579.875},{"text":"the","start":6579.875,"end":6580.005},{"text":"floor.","start":6580.005,"end":6580.251}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"COPUOS","affiliation_full":"COPUOS","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":42,"start":6586.549,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1a/k1ad4k1m9e?t=6587","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Madam Chair, ladies and gentlemen, as we advance into an era of unprecedented space activity, it is crucial to address the challenges and opportunities that come along to ensure that space remains a safe, secure, and accessible domain for all nations.","start":6586.549,"end":6602.945,"topics":[{"key":"space-sustainability","label":"Long-Term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities","description":"Several delegations emphasized implementation of the COPUOS Long-Term Sustainability Guidelines and the need for continued work beyond the current mandate. The topic included national laws, reporting on implementation, information-sharing tools, and preserving space for future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":6586.549,"end":6586.806},{"text":"Chair,","start":6586.806,"end":6587.304},{"text":"ladies","start":6588.155,"end":6588.38},{"text":"and","start":6588.412,"end":6588.541},{"text":"gentlemen,","start":6588.573,"end":6588.942},{"text":"as","start":6589.119,"end":6589.183},{"text":"we","start":6589.28,"end":6589.36},{"text":"advance","start":6589.44,"end":6589.922},{"text":"into","start":6589.922,"end":6590.147},{"text":"an","start":6590.163,"end":6590.404},{"text":"era","start":6590.404,"end":6590.645},{"text":"of","start":6590.726,"end":6590.79},{"text":"unprecedented","start":6590.902,"end":6591.963},{"text":"space","start":6592.445,"end":6592.863},{"text":"activity,","start":6593.055,"end":6593.634},{"text":"it","start":6593.698,"end":6593.794},{"text":"is","start":6593.794,"end":6593.923},{"text":"crucial","start":6594.019,"end":6594.485},{"text":"to","start":6594.501,"end":6594.598},{"text":"address","start":6594.598,"end":6594.919},{"text":"the","start":6594.919,"end":6595.064},{"text":"challenges","start":6595.064,"end":6595.53},{"text":"and","start":6596.217,"end":6596.314},{"text":"opportunities","start":6596.314,"end":6597.084},{"text":"that","start":6597.116,"end":6597.341},{"text":"come","start":6597.341,"end":6597.486},{"text":"along","start":6597.518,"end":6597.711},{"text":"to","start":6597.839,"end":6597.967},{"text":"ensure","start":6597.983,"end":6598.321},{"text":"that","start":6598.321,"end":6598.497},{"text":"space","start":6598.497,"end":6599.043},{"text":"remains","start":6599.043,"end":6599.445},{"text":"a","start":6599.445,"end":6599.525},{"text":"safe,","start":6599.525,"end":6599.894},{"text":"secure,","start":6599.926,"end":6600.472},{"text":"and","start":6600.874,"end":6600.986},{"text":"accessible","start":6600.986,"end":6601.548},{"text":"domain","start":6601.612,"end":6601.982},{"text":"for","start":6602.014,"end":6602.287},{"text":"all","start":6602.319,"end":6602.367},{"text":"nations.","start":6602.479,"end":6602.945}]},{"text":"The increasing number of satellite constellations requires comprehensive regulation and registration.","start":6603.443,"end":6609.801,"topics":[{"key":"space-sustainability","label":"Long-Term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities","description":"Several delegations emphasized implementation of the COPUOS Long-Term Sustainability Guidelines and the need for continued work beyond the current mandate. The topic included national laws, reporting on implementation, information-sharing tools, and preserving space for future generations."},{"key":"space-traffic-management","label":"Space Traffic Management and Space Situational Awareness","description":"Delegations highlighted the importance of tracking objects in orbit, issuing conjunction warnings, and coordinating maneuvers in an increasingly crowded space environment. The discussion covered national and regional surveillance systems, data sharing, and governance frameworks for safer operations."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":6603.443,"end":6603.523},{"text":"increasing","start":6603.523,"end":6603.989},{"text":"number","start":6604.085,"end":6604.454},{"text":"of","start":6604.502,"end":6604.583},{"text":"satellite","start":6604.583,"end":6605.337},{"text":"constellations","start":6605.386,"end":6606.317},{"text":"requires","start":6606.815,"end":6607.361},{"text":"comprehensive","start":6607.393,"end":6608.035},{"text":"regulation","start":6608.035,"end":6608.709},{"text":"and","start":6608.822,"end":6608.902},{"text":"registration.","start":6608.918,"end":6609.801}]},{"text":"Establishing clear operational contact points and assessing the impact on ground-based astronomy are essential to manage these constellations effectively.","start":6610.283,"end":6620.768,"topics":[{"key":"space-traffic-management","label":"Space Traffic Management and Space Situational Awareness","description":"Delegations highlighted the importance of tracking objects in orbit, issuing conjunction warnings, and coordinating maneuvers in an increasingly crowded space environment. The discussion covered national and regional surveillance systems, data sharing, and governance frameworks for safer operations."}],"words":[{"text":"Establishing","start":6610.283,"end":6610.973},{"text":"clear","start":6611.086,"end":6611.632},{"text":"operational","start":6611.632,"end":6612.274},{"text":"contact","start":6612.354,"end":6612.916},{"text":"points","start":6612.932,"end":6613.414},{"text":"and","start":6613.976,"end":6614.04},{"text":"assessing","start":6614.201,"end":6614.586},{"text":"the","start":6614.698,"end":6614.859},{"text":"impact","start":6614.859,"end":6615.501},{"text":"on","start":6615.501,"end":6615.565},{"text":"ground-based","start":6615.726,"end":6616.561},{"text":"astronomy","start":6616.561,"end":6617.155},{"text":"are","start":6617.653,"end":6617.829},{"text":"essential","start":6617.829,"end":6618.407},{"text":"to","start":6618.407,"end":6618.536},{"text":"manage","start":6618.536,"end":6618.921},{"text":"these","start":6619.018,"end":6619.162},{"text":"constellations","start":6619.275,"end":6620.045},{"text":"effectively.","start":6620.174,"end":6620.768}]},{"text":"Improving space situational awareness through data sharing and coordination is in this regard vital for preventing collisions and ensuring the safety and efficiency of operations.","start":6621.683,"end":6633.847,"topics":[{"key":"space-traffic-management","label":"Space Traffic Management and Space Situational Awareness","description":"Delegations highlighted the importance of tracking objects in orbit, issuing conjunction warnings, and coordinating maneuvers in an increasingly crowded space environment. The discussion covered national and regional surveillance systems, data sharing, and governance frameworks for safer operations."}],"words":[{"text":"Improving","start":6621.683,"end":6622.196},{"text":"space","start":6622.309,"end":6622.678},{"text":"situational","start":6622.726,"end":6623.448},{"text":"awareness","start":6623.448,"end":6624.042},{"text":"through","start":6624.395,"end":6624.62},{"text":"data","start":6624.652,"end":6624.973},{"text":"sharing","start":6624.973,"end":6625.342},{"text":"and","start":6625.438,"end":6625.599},{"text":"coordination","start":6625.599,"end":6626.305},{"text":"is","start":6626.481,"end":6626.626},{"text":"in","start":6626.963,"end":6627.027},{"text":"this","start":6627.059,"end":6627.3},{"text":"regard","start":6627.3,"end":6627.797},{"text":"vital","start":6628.247,"end":6628.776},{"text":"for","start":6629.049,"end":6629.225},{"text":"preventing","start":6629.225,"end":6629.755},{"text":"collisions","start":6629.851,"end":6630.365},{"text":"and","start":6630.509,"end":6630.718},{"text":"ensuring","start":6630.734,"end":6631.119},{"text":"the","start":6631.231,"end":6631.312},{"text":"safety","start":6631.312,"end":6631.793},{"text":"and","start":6632.194,"end":6632.371},{"text":"efficiency","start":6632.371,"end":6632.917},{"text":"of","start":6632.981,"end":6633.125},{"text":"operations.","start":6633.221,"end":6633.847}]},{"text":"Collaborative efforts to enhance tracking and monitoring capabilities will therefore contribute to a more secure space environment.","start":6634.746,"end":6643.203,"topics":[{"key":"space-traffic-management","label":"Space Traffic Management and Space Situational Awareness","description":"Delegations highlighted the importance of tracking objects in orbit, issuing conjunction warnings, and coordinating maneuvers in an increasingly crowded space environment. The discussion covered national and regional surveillance systems, data sharing, and governance frameworks for safer operations."}],"words":[{"text":"Collaborative","start":6634.746,"end":6635.372},{"text":"efforts","start":6635.581,"end":6635.966},{"text":"to","start":6635.966,"end":6636.094},{"text":"enhance","start":6636.126,"end":6636.559},{"text":"tracking","start":6636.672,"end":6637.137},{"text":"and","start":6637.651,"end":6637.715},{"text":"monitoring","start":6637.811,"end":6638.293},{"text":"capabilities","start":6638.373,"end":6639.143},{"text":"will","start":6639.256,"end":6639.368},{"text":"therefore","start":6639.48,"end":6639.849},{"text":"contribute","start":6640.283,"end":6640.86},{"text":"to","start":6640.86,"end":6640.973},{"text":"a","start":6641.021,"end":6641.165},{"text":"more","start":6641.438,"end":6641.679},{"text":"secure","start":6641.679,"end":6642.16},{"text":"space","start":6642.16,"end":6642.497},{"text":"environment.","start":6642.626,"end":6643.203}]},{"text":"With the number of launched and planned constellations increasing, in the face of a more challenging low Earth orbit, so does the need to establish rules and requirements for spacecraft maneuvering, as it is necessary to prevent collisions and ensure safe and sound operations.","start":6644.054,"end":6662.171,"topics":[{"key":"space-traffic-management","label":"Space Traffic Management and Space Situational Awareness","description":"Delegations highlighted the importance of tracking objects in orbit, issuing conjunction warnings, and coordinating maneuvers in an increasingly crowded space environment. The discussion covered national and regional surveillance systems, data sharing, and governance frameworks for safer operations."}],"words":[{"text":"With","start":6644.054,"end":6644.15},{"text":"the","start":6644.15,"end":6644.231},{"text":"number","start":6644.231,"end":6644.632},{"text":"of","start":6644.632,"end":6644.76},{"text":"launched","start":6644.792,"end":6645.258},{"text":"and","start":6645.274,"end":6645.338},{"text":"planned","start":6645.498,"end":6645.883},{"text":"constellations","start":6645.98,"end":6646.846},{"text":"increasing,","start":6647.103,"end":6647.649},{"text":"in","start":6648.162,"end":6648.21},{"text":"the","start":6648.243,"end":6648.339},{"text":"face","start":6648.339,"end":6648.708},{"text":"of","start":6648.74,"end":6648.82},{"text":"a","start":6648.868,"end":6648.9},{"text":"more","start":6648.9,"end":6649.27},{"text":"challenging","start":6649.27,"end":6649.735},{"text":"low","start":6650.393,"end":6650.489},{"text":"Earth","start":6650.73,"end":6650.858},{"text":"orbit,","start":6651.051,"end":6651.484},{"text":"so","start":6652.03,"end":6652.206},{"text":"does","start":6652.334,"end":6652.543},{"text":"the","start":6652.655,"end":6652.752},{"text":"need","start":6652.752,"end":6652.976},{"text":"to","start":6652.976,"end":6653.121},{"text":"establish","start":6653.121,"end":6653.57},{"text":"rules","start":6653.682,"end":6653.955},{"text":"and","start":6654.083,"end":6654.212},{"text":"requirements","start":6654.212,"end":6654.838},{"text":"for","start":6654.902,"end":6655.046},{"text":"spacecraft","start":6655.046,"end":6656.025},{"text":"maneuvering,","start":6656.346,"end":6656.956},{"text":"as","start":6657.132,"end":6657.196},{"text":"it","start":6657.293,"end":6657.405},{"text":"is","start":6657.405,"end":6657.517},{"text":"necessary","start":6657.566,"end":6658.159},{"text":"to","start":6658.336,"end":6658.48},{"text":"prevent","start":6658.496,"end":6658.913},{"text":"collisions","start":6658.913,"end":6659.411},{"text":"and","start":6659.876,"end":6659.973},{"text":"ensure","start":6659.973,"end":6660.438},{"text":"safe","start":6660.438,"end":6660.695},{"text":"and","start":6660.823,"end":6660.903},{"text":"sound","start":6660.919,"end":6661.369},{"text":"operations.","start":6661.481,"end":6662.171}]},{"text":"Establishing clear guidelines on maneuvering protocols will help maintain order in increasingly crowded, crowded orbits while developing standards for the design and operation of small space objects is crucial to minimize their impact on the space environment and ensure that these objects are, are trackable and can be safely deorbited.","start":6663.182,"end":6686.673,"topics":[{"key":"space-traffic-management","label":"Space Traffic Management and Space Situational Awareness","description":"Delegations highlighted the importance of tracking objects in orbit, issuing conjunction warnings, and coordinating maneuvers in an increasingly crowded space environment. The discussion covered national and regional surveillance systems, data sharing, and governance frameworks for safer operations."},{"key":"space-debris","label":"Space Debris Mitigation and Removal","description":"A recurring concern was the growing debris environment and the need to prevent new debris, improve post-mission disposal, and develop active debris removal. Speakers also referred to design-for-demise, passivation, and ambitious initiatives such as zero-debris approaches."}],"words":[{"text":"Establishing","start":6663.182,"end":6663.776},{"text":"clear","start":6663.792,"end":6664},{"text":"guidelines","start":6664.113,"end":6665.14},{"text":"on","start":6665.252,"end":6665.316},{"text":"maneuvering","start":6665.412,"end":6665.942},{"text":"protocols","start":6666.054,"end":6666.664},{"text":"will","start":6667.097,"end":6667.322},{"text":"help","start":6667.322,"end":6667.643},{"text":"maintain","start":6667.643,"end":6667.996},{"text":"order","start":6668.124,"end":6668.381},{"text":"in","start":6669.007,"end":6669.183},{"text":"increasingly","start":6669.183,"end":6669.793},{"text":"crowded,","start":6669.825,"end":6670.274},{"text":"crowded","start":6670.708,"end":6671.157},{"text":"orbits","start":6671.253,"end":6671.831},{"text":"while","start":6672.152,"end":6672.376},{"text":"developing","start":6672.393,"end":6672.922},{"text":"standards","start":6672.954,"end":6673.564},{"text":"for","start":6673.74,"end":6673.965},{"text":"the","start":6673.981,"end":6674.077},{"text":"design","start":6674.077,"end":6674.511},{"text":"and","start":6674.703,"end":6674.767},{"text":"operation","start":6674.88,"end":6675.49},{"text":"of","start":6675.829,"end":6675.894},{"text":"small","start":6675.91,"end":6676.282},{"text":"space","start":6676.33,"end":6676.621},{"text":"objects","start":6676.88,"end":6677.333},{"text":"is","start":6677.381,"end":6677.43},{"text":"crucial","start":6677.608,"end":6677.979},{"text":"to","start":6678.432,"end":6678.578},{"text":"minimize","start":6678.578,"end":6679.046},{"text":"their","start":6679.079,"end":6679.321},{"text":"impact","start":6679.321,"end":6679.806},{"text":"on","start":6679.871,"end":6679.952},{"text":"the","start":6679.952,"end":6680.033},{"text":"space","start":6680.033,"end":6680.324},{"text":"environment","start":6680.453,"end":6681.084},{"text":"and","start":6681.504,"end":6681.569},{"text":"ensure","start":6681.666,"end":6682.151},{"text":"that","start":6682.151,"end":6682.329},{"text":"these","start":6682.377,"end":6682.523},{"text":"objects","start":6682.781,"end":6683.137},{"text":"are,","start":6683.347,"end":6683.525},{"text":"are","start":6683.671,"end":6683.848},{"text":"trackable","start":6683.848,"end":6684.479},{"text":"and","start":6684.818,"end":6684.883},{"text":"can","start":6684.98,"end":6685.11},{"text":"be","start":6685.11,"end":6685.208},{"text":"safely","start":6685.208,"end":6685.768},{"text":"deorbited.","start":6685.899,"end":6686.673}]},{"text":"Equally important is studying, understanding, and mitigating the effects of space weather on space operations and the larger orbital environment.","start":6688.167,"end":6698.123,"topics":[{"key":"space-weather","label":"Space Weather","description":"Multiple interventions addressed monitoring and forecasting of solar and ionospheric phenomena that can affect satellites, communications, navigation, aviation, and infrastructure on Earth. The discussion also covered scientific missions, operational warning systems, and international training and capacity-building."}],"words":[{"text":"Equally","start":6688.167,"end":6688.506},{"text":"important","start":6688.506,"end":6689.168},{"text":"is","start":6690.105,"end":6690.17},{"text":"studying,","start":6690.202,"end":6690.719},{"text":"understanding,","start":6690.848,"end":6691.445},{"text":"and","start":6691.558,"end":6691.639},{"text":"mitigating","start":6691.72,"end":6692.333},{"text":"the","start":6692.398,"end":6692.543},{"text":"effects","start":6692.543,"end":6693.012},{"text":"of","start":6693.028,"end":6693.157},{"text":"space","start":6693.173,"end":6693.706},{"text":"weather","start":6693.754,"end":6694.077},{"text":"on","start":6694.465,"end":6694.53},{"text":"space","start":6694.562,"end":6694.998},{"text":"operations","start":6695.03,"end":6695.628},{"text":"and","start":6696.096,"end":6696.16},{"text":"the","start":6696.257,"end":6696.403},{"text":"larger","start":6696.403,"end":6696.807},{"text":"orbital","start":6696.807,"end":6697.246},{"text":"environment.","start":6697.392,"end":6698.123}]},{"text":"Therefore, enhanced monitoring and prediction capabilities are imperative to protect satellites, spacecraft, and astronauts from solar flares, geomagnetic storms, and other space weather phenomena.","start":6699.504,"end":6712.468,"topics":[{"key":"space-weather","label":"Space Weather","description":"Multiple interventions addressed monitoring and forecasting of solar and ionospheric phenomena that can affect satellites, communications, navigation, aviation, and infrastructure on Earth. The discussion also covered scientific missions, operational warning systems, and international training and capacity-building."}],"words":[{"text":"Therefore,","start":6699.504,"end":6699.975},{"text":"enhanced","start":6699.991,"end":6700.544},{"text":"monitoring","start":6700.544,"end":6700.982},{"text":"and","start":6701.047,"end":6701.161},{"text":"prediction","start":6701.21,"end":6701.778},{"text":"capabilities","start":6701.778,"end":6702.477},{"text":"are","start":6702.672,"end":6702.835},{"text":"imperative","start":6702.835,"end":6705.158},{"text":"to","start":6703.709,"end":6703.822},{"text":"protect","start":6703.87,"end":6704.21},{"text":"satellites,","start":6704.21,"end":6705.052},{"text":"spacecraft,","start":6705.085,"end":6705.846},{"text":"and","start":6706.218,"end":6706.445},{"text":"astronauts","start":6706.542,"end":6707.206},{"text":"from","start":6707.352,"end":6707.53},{"text":"solar","start":6707.53,"end":6708.015},{"text":"flares,","start":6708.015,"end":6708.469},{"text":"geomagnetic","start":6708.987,"end":6709.813},{"text":"storms,","start":6709.813,"end":6710.25},{"text":"and","start":6710.428,"end":6710.574},{"text":"other","start":6710.671,"end":6710.849},{"text":"space","start":6710.849,"end":6711.302},{"text":"weather","start":6711.497,"end":6711.885},{"text":"phenomena.","start":6711.885,"end":6712.468}]},{"text":"The increased need for maneuvers motivates us to go beyond mere avoidance and mitigation to explore promising opportunities for orbit sustainability technologies.","start":6715.852,"end":6727.548,"topics":[{"key":"space-sustainability","label":"Long-Term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities","description":"Several delegations emphasized implementation of the COPUOS Long-Term Sustainability Guidelines and the need for continued work beyond the current mandate. The topic included national laws, reporting on implementation, information-sharing tools, and preserving space for future generations."},{"key":"space-traffic-management","label":"Space Traffic Management and Space Situational Awareness","description":"Delegations highlighted the importance of tracking objects in orbit, issuing conjunction warnings, and coordinating maneuvers in an increasingly crowded space environment. The discussion covered national and regional surveillance systems, data sharing, and governance frameworks for safer operations."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":6715.852,"end":6715.997},{"text":"increased","start":6715.997,"end":6716.578},{"text":"need","start":6716.578,"end":6716.95},{"text":"for","start":6717.047,"end":6717.224},{"text":"maneuvers","start":6717.224,"end":6718.403},{"text":"motivates","start":6718.742,"end":6719.484},{"text":"us","start":6719.63,"end":6719.807},{"text":"to","start":6719.807,"end":6719.936},{"text":"go","start":6719.952,"end":6720.098},{"text":"beyond","start":6720.13,"end":6720.663},{"text":"mere","start":6720.76,"end":6721.099},{"text":"avoidance","start":6721.099,"end":6721.744},{"text":"and","start":6721.825,"end":6721.89},{"text":"mitigation","start":6721.971,"end":6722.681},{"text":"to","start":6723.117,"end":6723.23},{"text":"explore","start":6723.262,"end":6723.682},{"text":"promising","start":6723.682,"end":6724.137},{"text":"opportunities","start":6724.169,"end":6724.949},{"text":"for","start":6725.371,"end":6725.501},{"text":"orbit","start":6725.696,"end":6726.021},{"text":"sustainability","start":6726.021,"end":6726.898},{"text":"technologies.","start":6726.914,"end":6727.548}]},{"text":"Investing in these technologies and establishing protocols for on-orbit operations are crucial for maintaining a sustainable space environment.","start":6728.376,"end":6738.423,"topics":[{"key":"space-sustainability","label":"Long-Term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities","description":"Several delegations emphasized implementation of the COPUOS Long-Term Sustainability Guidelines and the need for continued work beyond the current mandate. The topic included national laws, reporting on implementation, information-sharing tools, and preserving space for future generations."},{"key":"space-traffic-management","label":"Space Traffic Management and Space Situational Awareness","description":"Delegations highlighted the importance of tracking objects in orbit, issuing conjunction warnings, and coordinating maneuvers in an increasingly crowded space environment. The discussion covered national and regional surveillance systems, data sharing, and governance frameworks for safer operations."}],"words":[{"text":"Investing","start":6728.376,"end":6728.847},{"text":"in","start":6728.88,"end":6728.993},{"text":"these","start":6729.042,"end":6729.253},{"text":"technologies","start":6729.286,"end":6729.984},{"text":"and","start":6730.244,"end":6730.423},{"text":"establishing","start":6730.423,"end":6731.04},{"text":"protocols","start":6731.153,"end":6731.884},{"text":"for","start":6732.084,"end":6732.392},{"text":"on-orbit","start":6732.474,"end":6733.236},{"text":"operations","start":6733.398,"end":6734.08},{"text":"are","start":6734.583,"end":6734.664},{"text":"crucial","start":6734.68,"end":6735.151},{"text":"for","start":6735.167,"end":6735.394},{"text":"maintaining","start":6735.394,"end":6735.865},{"text":"a","start":6735.995,"end":6736.011},{"text":"sustainable","start":6736.059,"end":6736.806},{"text":"space","start":6737.26,"end":6737.682},{"text":"environment.","start":6737.682,"end":6738.423}]},{"text":"Moreover, the increase of space debris poses a threat to both current and future space missions.","start":6739.92,"end":6748.52,"topics":[{"key":"space-debris","label":"Space Debris Mitigation and Removal","description":"A recurring concern was the growing debris environment and the need to prevent new debris, improve post-mission disposal, and develop active debris removal. Speakers also referred to design-for-demise, passivation, and ambitious initiatives such as zero-debris approaches."}],"words":[{"text":"Moreover,","start":6739.92,"end":6740.355},{"text":"the","start":6742.03,"end":6742.094},{"text":"increase","start":6742.175,"end":6742.594},{"text":"of","start":6742.674,"end":6742.738},{"text":"space","start":6742.755,"end":6743.189},{"text":"debris","start":6744.059,"end":6744.526},{"text":"poses","start":6744.59,"end":6744.896},{"text":"a","start":6745.009,"end":6745.074},{"text":"threat","start":6745.074,"end":6745.492},{"text":"to","start":6745.492,"end":6745.621},{"text":"both","start":6745.637,"end":6746.33},{"text":"current","start":6746.442,"end":6746.781},{"text":"and","start":6746.845,"end":6746.91},{"text":"future","start":6746.91,"end":6747.264},{"text":"space","start":6747.28,"end":6747.763},{"text":"missions.","start":6748.149,"end":6748.52}]},{"text":"It is a must to implement and adhere to rigorous debris mitigation guidelines, promote the utilization and development of active debris removal technologies and enhance international cooperation to effectively manage and reduce space debris.","start":6749.422,"end":6765.949,"topics":[{"key":"space-debris","label":"Space Debris Mitigation and Removal","description":"A recurring concern was the growing debris environment and the need to prevent new debris, improve post-mission disposal, and develop active debris removal. Speakers also referred to design-for-demise, passivation, and ambitious initiatives such as zero-debris approaches."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":6749.422,"end":6749.567},{"text":"is","start":6750.098,"end":6750.291},{"text":"a","start":6750.468,"end":6750.484},{"text":"must","start":6750.484,"end":6750.968},{"text":"to","start":6751.193,"end":6751.274},{"text":"implement","start":6751.306,"end":6751.837},{"text":"and","start":6751.853,"end":6752.079},{"text":"adhere","start":6752.079,"end":6752.546},{"text":"to","start":6752.562,"end":6752.658},{"text":"rigorous","start":6752.658,"end":6753.093},{"text":"debris","start":6753.303,"end":6753.77},{"text":"mitigation","start":6753.77,"end":6754.478},{"text":"guidelines,","start":6754.494,"end":6755.074},{"text":"promote","start":6755.557,"end":6756.024},{"text":"the","start":6756.024,"end":6756.25},{"text":"utilization","start":6756.25,"end":6756.915},{"text":"and","start":6756.966,"end":6757.119},{"text":"development","start":6757.119,"end":6757.733},{"text":"of","start":6757.818,"end":6757.904},{"text":"active","start":6757.932,"end":6758.3},{"text":"debris","start":6758.717,"end":6759.134},{"text":"removal","start":6759.134,"end":6759.791},{"text":"technologies","start":6759.84,"end":6760.385},{"text":"and","start":6760.577,"end":6760.641},{"text":"enhance","start":6760.737,"end":6761.315},{"text":"international","start":6761.555,"end":6762.181},{"text":"cooperation","start":6762.181,"end":6762.79},{"text":"to","start":6762.886,"end":6762.982},{"text":"effectively","start":6762.982,"end":6763.592},{"text":"manage","start":6763.928,"end":6764.329},{"text":"and","start":6764.425,"end":6764.65},{"text":"reduce","start":6764.65,"end":6765.067},{"text":"space","start":6765.067,"end":6765.435},{"text":"debris.","start":6765.644,"end":6765.949}]},{"text":"All of this is a collective effort, ensuring the inclusive participation of all nations, including emerging spacefaring nations, in space activities and the implementation of sustainability guidelines, which is all fundamental.","start":6767.215,"end":6781.02,"topics":[{"key":"space-sustainability","label":"Long-Term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities","description":"Several delegations emphasized implementation of the COPUOS Long-Term Sustainability Guidelines and the need for continued work beyond the current mandate. The topic included national laws, reporting on implementation, information-sharing tools, and preserving space for future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"All","start":6767.215,"end":6767.311},{"text":"of","start":6767.311,"end":6767.408},{"text":"this","start":6767.456,"end":6767.712},{"text":"is","start":6767.776,"end":6767.873},{"text":"a","start":6767.889,"end":6767.905},{"text":"collective","start":6767.953,"end":6768.482},{"text":"effort,","start":6768.514,"end":6768.899},{"text":"ensuring","start":6768.931,"end":6769.348},{"text":"the","start":6769.396,"end":6769.476},{"text":"inclusive","start":6769.54,"end":6770.085},{"text":"participation","start":6770.117,"end":6770.967},{"text":"of","start":6770.999,"end":6771.143},{"text":"all","start":6771.143,"end":6771.224},{"text":"nations,","start":6771.224,"end":6771.689},{"text":"including","start":6772.122,"end":6772.554},{"text":"emerging","start":6772.667,"end":6773.1},{"text":"spacefaring","start":6773.26,"end":6773.917},{"text":"nations,","start":6774.03,"end":6774.414},{"text":"in","start":6775.168,"end":6775.248},{"text":"space","start":6775.248,"end":6775.649},{"text":"activities","start":6775.649,"end":6776.178},{"text":"and","start":6776.355,"end":6776.451},{"text":"the","start":6776.451,"end":6776.595},{"text":"implementation","start":6776.595,"end":6777.477},{"text":"of","start":6777.509,"end":6777.589},{"text":"sustainability","start":6777.589,"end":6778.455},{"text":"guidelines,","start":6778.455,"end":6779.064},{"text":"which","start":6779.738,"end":6779.882},{"text":"is","start":6779.882,"end":6779.946},{"text":"all","start":6780.058,"end":6780.171},{"text":"fundamental.","start":6780.283,"end":6781.02}]},{"text":"Through capacity-building initiatives such as education, training, and technology And then, sir, we can empower all nations to contribute to and benefit from the promise of space activities and technology.","start":6781.501,"end":6796.471,"topics":[{"key":"space-sustainability","label":"Long-Term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities","description":"Several delegations emphasized implementation of the COPUOS Long-Term Sustainability Guidelines and the need for continued work beyond the current mandate. The topic included national laws, reporting on implementation, information-sharing tools, and preserving space for future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"Through","start":6781.501,"end":6781.678},{"text":"capacity-building","start":6781.742,"end":6782.672},{"text":"initiatives","start":6782.704,"end":6783.233},{"text":"such","start":6783.265,"end":6783.522},{"text":"as","start":6783.73,"end":6783.794},{"text":"education,","start":6783.971,"end":6784.869},{"text":"training,","start":6784.949,"end":6785.398},{"text":"and","start":6785.51,"end":6785.638},{"text":"technology","start":6785.67,"end":6786.231},{"text":"And","start":6786.312,"end":6786.472},{"text":"then,","start":6786.472,"end":6786.841},{"text":"sir,","start":6787.435,"end":6787.628},{"text":"we","start":6788.559,"end":6788.719},{"text":"can","start":6788.783,"end":6789.008},{"text":"empower","start":6789.024,"end":6789.505},{"text":"all","start":6789.586,"end":6789.618},{"text":"nations","start":6789.618,"end":6790.212},{"text":"to","start":6790.565,"end":6790.661},{"text":"contribute","start":6790.661,"end":6791.303},{"text":"to","start":6791.351,"end":6791.464},{"text":"and","start":6791.672,"end":6791.817},{"text":"benefit","start":6791.849,"end":6792.314},{"text":"from","start":6792.314,"end":6792.587},{"text":"the","start":6793.036,"end":6793.133},{"text":"promise","start":6793.133,"end":6793.614},{"text":"of","start":6793.63,"end":6793.71},{"text":"space","start":6793.71,"end":6794.16},{"text":"activities","start":6794.176,"end":6794.786},{"text":"and","start":6795.765,"end":6795.845},{"text":"technology.","start":6795.925,"end":6796.471}]},{"text":"The long-term sustainability of outer space activities requires a concerted effort from the international community by addressing the challenge of space debris and space weather, rethinking spacecraft maneuvers, investing in active debris removal and working towards inclusive participation, we can ensure that outer space remains a domain of peace, security, and safe and sustainable development for generations to come.","start":6797.145,"end":6825.124,"topics":[{"key":"space-debris","label":"Space Debris Mitigation and Removal","description":"A recurring concern was the growing debris environment and the need to prevent new debris, improve post-mission disposal, and develop active debris removal. Speakers also referred to design-for-demise, passivation, and ambitious initiatives such as zero-debris approaches."},{"key":"space-weather","label":"Space Weather","description":"Multiple interventions addressed monitoring and forecasting of solar and ionospheric phenomena that can affect satellites, communications, navigation, aviation, and infrastructure on Earth. The discussion also covered scientific missions, operational warning systems, and international training and capacity-building."},{"key":"space-sustainability","label":"Long-Term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities","description":"Several delegations emphasized implementation of the COPUOS Long-Term Sustainability Guidelines and the need for continued work beyond the current mandate. The topic included national laws, reporting on implementation, information-sharing tools, and preserving space for future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":6797.145,"end":6797.289},{"text":"long-term","start":6797.289,"end":6797.739},{"text":"sustainability","start":6797.787,"end":6798.589},{"text":"of","start":6798.589,"end":6798.718},{"text":"outer","start":6798.894,"end":6799.087},{"text":"space","start":6799.151,"end":6799.488},{"text":"activities","start":6799.552,"end":6800.082},{"text":"requires","start":6800.66,"end":6801.206},{"text":"a","start":6801.462,"end":6801.559},{"text":"concerted","start":6801.559,"end":6802.104},{"text":"effort","start":6802.12,"end":6802.441},{"text":"from","start":6802.441,"end":6802.57},{"text":"the","start":6802.602,"end":6802.666},{"text":"international","start":6802.666,"end":6803.228},{"text":"community","start":6803.228,"end":6803.725},{"text":"by","start":6804.287,"end":6804.399},{"text":"addressing","start":6804.688,"end":6805.138},{"text":"the","start":6805.17,"end":6805.25},{"text":"challenge","start":6805.25,"end":6805.667},{"text":"of","start":6805.667,"end":6805.812},{"text":"space","start":6805.812,"end":6806.277},{"text":"debris","start":6806.277,"end":6806.662},{"text":"and","start":6806.678,"end":6806.775},{"text":"space","start":6806.775,"end":6807.16},{"text":"weather,","start":6807.16,"end":6807.529},{"text":"rethinking","start":6807.978,"end":6808.508},{"text":"spacecraft","start":6808.717,"end":6809.407},{"text":"maneuvers,","start":6809.407,"end":6809.872},{"text":"investing","start":6810.306,"end":6810.835},{"text":"in","start":6811.028,"end":6811.076},{"text":"active","start":6811.253,"end":6811.654},{"text":"debris","start":6811.654,"end":6812.087},{"text":"removal","start":6812.2,"end":6812.813},{"text":"and","start":6813.524,"end":6813.605},{"text":"working","start":6813.669,"end":6813.976},{"text":"towards","start":6813.992,"end":6814.299},{"text":"inclusive","start":6814.477,"end":6815.026},{"text":"participation,","start":6815.058,"end":6815.995},{"text":"we","start":6816.351,"end":6816.496},{"text":"can","start":6816.496,"end":6816.722},{"text":"ensure","start":6816.738,"end":6817.11},{"text":"that","start":6817.417,"end":6817.707},{"text":"outer","start":6817.788,"end":6818.031},{"text":"space","start":6818.031,"end":6818.547},{"text":"remains","start":6818.547,"end":6818.903},{"text":"a","start":6819.08,"end":6819.097},{"text":"domain","start":6819.177,"end":6819.63},{"text":"of","start":6819.646,"end":6819.743},{"text":"peace,","start":6819.743,"end":6820.179},{"text":"security,","start":6820.68,"end":6821.215},{"text":"and","start":6821.928,"end":6821.993},{"text":"safe","start":6822.074,"end":6822.561},{"text":"and","start":6822.577,"end":6822.642},{"text":"sustainable","start":6822.658,"end":6823.226},{"text":"development","start":6823.226,"end":6823.94},{"text":"for","start":6823.94,"end":6824.053},{"text":"generations","start":6824.053,"end":6824.734},{"text":"to","start":6824.832,"end":6824.88},{"text":"come.","start":6824.994,"end":6825.124}]},{"text":"Thank you for your attention.","start":6825.643,"end":6826.486,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":6825.643,"end":6825.821},{"text":"you","start":6825.821,"end":6825.951},{"text":"for","start":6825.967,"end":6826.129},{"text":"your","start":6826.129,"end":6826.291},{"text":"attention.","start":6826.291,"end":6826.486}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"SAU","affiliation_full":"Saudi Arabia","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":43,"start":6830.137,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1a/k1ad4k1m9e?t=6831","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of Saudi Arabia for the statement.","start":6830.137,"end":6833.587,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":6830.137,"end":6830.186},{"text":"thank","start":6830.218,"end":6830.444},{"text":"the","start":6830.444,"end":6830.524},{"text":"distinguished","start":6830.54,"end":6831.024},{"text":"representative","start":6831.024,"end":6831.749},{"text":"of","start":6831.749,"end":6831.878},{"text":"Saudi","start":6831.895,"end":6832.153},{"text":"Arabia","start":6832.153,"end":6832.556},{"text":"for","start":6832.556,"end":6832.781},{"text":"the","start":6832.797,"end":6832.894},{"text":"statement.","start":6832.894,"end":6833.587}]},{"text":"Before we suspend the plenary meeting, I'd like to announce some changes in the indicative schedule of work for the Working Group on the Long-Term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities.","start":6834.635,"end":6846.315,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Before","start":6834.635,"end":6835.006},{"text":"we","start":6835.442,"end":6835.49},{"text":"suspend","start":6835.538,"end":6835.925},{"text":"the","start":6835.925,"end":6836.022},{"text":"plenary","start":6836.022,"end":6836.425},{"text":"meeting,","start":6836.425,"end":6837.005},{"text":"I'd","start":6838.07,"end":6838.215},{"text":"like","start":6838.232,"end":6838.475},{"text":"to","start":6838.475,"end":6838.539},{"text":"announce","start":6838.556,"end":6838.977},{"text":"some","start":6838.977,"end":6839.268},{"text":"changes","start":6839.366,"end":6839.835},{"text":"in","start":6840.03,"end":6840.078},{"text":"the","start":6840.192,"end":6840.273},{"text":"indicative","start":6840.273,"end":6840.888},{"text":"schedule","start":6841.099,"end":6841.552},{"text":"of","start":6841.552,"end":6841.633},{"text":"work","start":6841.714,"end":6842.038},{"text":"for","start":6842.443,"end":6842.621},{"text":"the","start":6842.621,"end":6842.767},{"text":"Working","start":6842.767,"end":6843.075},{"text":"Group","start":6843.107,"end":6843.285},{"text":"on","start":6843.35,"end":6843.496},{"text":"the","start":6843.496,"end":6843.577},{"text":"Long-Term","start":6843.593,"end":6844.095},{"text":"Sustainability","start":6844.095,"end":6844.857},{"text":"of","start":6844.954,"end":6845.116},{"text":"Outer","start":6845.116,"end":6845.359},{"text":"Space","start":6845.359,"end":6845.764},{"text":"Activities.","start":6845.764,"end":6846.315}]},{"text":"The formal meeting scheduled for tomorrow morning will not take place.","start":6847.43,"end":6851.308,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":6847.43,"end":6847.462},{"text":"formal","start":6847.462,"end":6847.947},{"text":"meeting","start":6847.947,"end":6848.318},{"text":"scheduled","start":6848.367,"end":6848.916},{"text":"for","start":6848.916,"end":6849.143},{"text":"tomorrow","start":6849.143,"end":6849.482},{"text":"morning","start":6849.482,"end":6849.854},{"text":"will","start":6850.048,"end":6850.225},{"text":"not","start":6850.225,"end":6850.71},{"text":"take","start":6850.775,"end":6851.001},{"text":"place.","start":6851.017,"end":6851.308}]},{"text":"Instead, informal consultations will continue tomorrow in Room M3 starting 1:00 PM.","start":6851.987,"end":6858.575,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Instead,","start":6851.987,"end":6852.44},{"text":"informal","start":6852.617,"end":6853.086},{"text":"consultations","start":6853.102,"end":6853.894},{"text":"will","start":6854.153,"end":6854.234},{"text":"continue","start":6854.331,"end":6854.88},{"text":"tomorrow","start":6854.88,"end":6855.478},{"text":"in","start":6855.784,"end":6856.01},{"text":"Room","start":6856.01,"end":6856.22},{"text":"M3","start":6856.413,"end":6856.994},{"text":"starting","start":6857.252,"end":6857.752},{"text":"1:00","start":6857.946,"end":6858.333},{"text":"PM.","start":6858.333,"end":6858.575}]},{"text":"This information will be posted on the Working Group's webpage, Thank you.","start":6859.64,"end":6863.682,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":6859.64,"end":6859.833},{"text":"information","start":6859.833,"end":6860.511},{"text":"will","start":6860.543,"end":6860.704},{"text":"be","start":6860.704,"end":6860.865},{"text":"posted","start":6860.865,"end":6861.333},{"text":"on","start":6861.333,"end":6861.43},{"text":"the","start":6861.43,"end":6861.494},{"text":"Working","start":6861.511,"end":6861.801},{"text":"Group's","start":6861.898,"end":6862.22},{"text":"webpage,","start":6862.22,"end":6862.801},{"text":"Thank","start":6863.41,"end":6863.602},{"text":"you.","start":6863.602,"end":6863.682}]},{"text":"The agenda for the meeting is available on the ECDC webpage as well as also by email to the working group points of contact.","start":6863.747,"end":6868.499,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":6863.747,"end":6863.779},{"text":"agenda","start":6863.779,"end":6864.004},{"text":"for","start":6864.004,"end":6864.164},{"text":"the","start":6864.164,"end":6864.196},{"text":"meeting","start":6864.196,"end":6864.293},{"text":"is","start":6864.325,"end":6864.373},{"text":"available","start":6864.421,"end":6864.71},{"text":"on","start":6864.71,"end":6864.742},{"text":"the","start":6864.742,"end":6864.79},{"text":"ECDC","start":6864.79,"end":6865.047},{"text":"webpage","start":6865.047,"end":6865.176},{"text":"as","start":6865.208,"end":6865.256},{"text":"well","start":6865.352,"end":6865.433},{"text":"as","start":6865.433,"end":6865.497},{"text":"also","start":6865.593,"end":6865.834},{"text":"by","start":6865.85,"end":6866.011},{"text":"email","start":6866.155,"end":6866.428},{"text":"to","start":6866.557,"end":6866.621},{"text":"the","start":6866.653,"end":6866.733},{"text":"working","start":6866.797,"end":6867.103},{"text":"group","start":6867.135,"end":6867.359},{"text":"points","start":6867.359,"end":6867.713},{"text":"of","start":6867.713,"end":6867.825},{"text":"contact.","start":6867.857,"end":6868.499}]},{"text":"We will now suspend the plenary meeting so that the Working Group of the Whole can hold its 4th meeting.","start":6869.945,"end":6875.613,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":6869.945,"end":6870.089},{"text":"will","start":6870.089,"end":6870.201},{"text":"now","start":6870.201,"end":6870.362},{"text":"suspend","start":6870.442,"end":6870.876},{"text":"the","start":6870.972,"end":6871.052},{"text":"plenary","start":6871.052,"end":6871.438},{"text":"meeting","start":6871.47,"end":6871.839},{"text":"so","start":6872.337,"end":6872.449},{"text":"that","start":6872.449,"end":6872.674},{"text":"the","start":6872.674,"end":6872.754},{"text":"Working","start":6872.754,"end":6873.092},{"text":"Group","start":6873.14,"end":6873.332},{"text":"of","start":6873.332,"end":6873.445},{"text":"the","start":6873.477,"end":6873.557},{"text":"Whole","start":6873.557,"end":6873.83},{"text":"can","start":6873.943,"end":6874.023},{"text":"hold","start":6874.103,"end":6874.505},{"text":"its","start":6874.505,"end":6874.745},{"text":"4th","start":6874.745,"end":6875.051},{"text":"meeting.","start":6875.243,"end":6875.613}]},{"text":"Following the adjournment of the working group meeting, we will then resume the plenary with a view to proceeding with technical presentations.","start":6876.271,"end":6882.966,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Following","start":6876.271,"end":6876.576},{"text":"the","start":6876.672,"end":6876.769},{"text":"adjournment","start":6876.769,"end":6877.25},{"text":"of","start":6877.25,"end":6877.395},{"text":"the","start":6877.395,"end":6877.459},{"text":"working","start":6877.491,"end":6877.78},{"text":"group","start":6877.812,"end":6878.037},{"text":"meeting,","start":6878.053,"end":6878.406},{"text":"we","start":6878.856,"end":6878.936},{"text":"will","start":6878.936,"end":6879.097},{"text":"then","start":6879.097,"end":6879.306},{"text":"resume","start":6879.338,"end":6879.627},{"text":"the","start":6879.659,"end":6879.739},{"text":"plenary","start":6879.739,"end":6880.189},{"text":"with","start":6880.381,"end":6880.622},{"text":"a","start":6880.622,"end":6880.638},{"text":"view","start":6880.702,"end":6881.008},{"text":"to","start":6881.008,"end":6881.104},{"text":"proceeding","start":6881.104,"end":6881.553},{"text":"with","start":6881.666,"end":6881.859},{"text":"technical","start":6881.859,"end":6882.372},{"text":"presentations.","start":6882.372,"end":6882.966}]},{"text":"Distinguished delegates, I would now turn to proceed with technical presentations.","start":8544.583,"end":8550.206,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Distinguished","start":8544.583,"end":8544.939},{"text":"delegates,","start":8544.939,"end":8545.523},{"text":"I","start":8547.176,"end":8547.192},{"text":"would","start":8547.192,"end":8547.354},{"text":"now","start":8547.354,"end":8547.548},{"text":"turn","start":8548.164,"end":8548.456},{"text":"to","start":8548.488,"end":8548.634},{"text":"proceed","start":8548.634,"end":8549.056},{"text":"with","start":8549.056,"end":8549.282},{"text":"technical","start":8549.282,"end":8549.704},{"text":"presentations.","start":8549.704,"end":8550.206}]},{"text":"The first presentation on my list is on International Airborne Observation Campaign dedicated to the reentry of European Space Agency's Cluster/SALSA satellite by the representative of Slovakia.","start":8551.67,"end":8563.571,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":8551.67,"end":8551.735},{"text":"first","start":8551.735,"end":8552.04},{"text":"presentation","start":8552.04,"end":8552.619},{"text":"on","start":8552.619,"end":8552.764},{"text":"my","start":8552.764,"end":8552.924},{"text":"list","start":8552.94,"end":8553.262},{"text":"is","start":8553.262,"end":8553.358},{"text":"on","start":8553.407,"end":8553.487},{"text":"International","start":8553.487,"end":8554.291},{"text":"Airborne","start":8554.291,"end":8554.596},{"text":"Observation","start":8554.628,"end":8555.223},{"text":"Campaign","start":8555.255,"end":8555.641},{"text":"dedicated","start":8556.155,"end":8556.815},{"text":"to","start":8556.863,"end":8557.007},{"text":"the","start":8557.023,"end":8557.184},{"text":"reentry","start":8557.184,"end":8557.731},{"text":"of","start":8557.924,"end":8558.084},{"text":"European","start":8558.084,"end":8558.454},{"text":"Space","start":8558.502,"end":8558.888},{"text":"Agency's","start":8558.888,"end":8559.531},{"text":"Cluster/SALSA","start":8559.58,"end":8560.662},{"text":"satellite","start":8560.662,"end":8561.486},{"text":"by","start":8561.712,"end":8561.874},{"text":"the","start":8561.874,"end":8562.019},{"text":"representative","start":8562.019,"end":8562.763},{"text":"of","start":8562.763,"end":8562.86},{"text":"Slovakia.","start":8562.86,"end":8563.571}]},{"text":"You have the floor.","start":8563.716,"end":8564.492,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"You","start":8563.716,"end":8563.797},{"text":"have","start":8563.797,"end":8563.991},{"text":"the","start":8564.039,"end":8564.12},{"text":"floor.","start":8564.12,"end":8564.492}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"COPUOS","affiliation_full":"COPUOS","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":44,"start":8567.259,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1a/k1ad4k1m9e?t=8568","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Good afternoon, distinguished delegates, and thank you for having me.","start":8567.259,"end":8570.535,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Good","start":8567.259,"end":8567.371},{"text":"afternoon,","start":8567.371,"end":8567.823},{"text":"distinguished","start":8568.017,"end":8568.518},{"text":"delegates,","start":8568.518,"end":8569.05},{"text":"and","start":8569.292,"end":8569.438},{"text":"thank","start":8569.534,"end":8569.712},{"text":"you","start":8569.712,"end":8569.809},{"text":"for","start":8569.809,"end":8569.954},{"text":"having","start":8569.954,"end":8570.245},{"text":"me.","start":8570.277,"end":8570.535}]},{"text":"Today I will be presenting to you our International Airborne Observation Campaign dedicated dedicated to the Salsa mission, which re-entered the atmosphere last September.","start":8571.907,"end":8581.784,"topics":[{"key":"reentry-safety","label":"Reentry Safety","description":"Several statements focused on the risks posed by spacecraft and rocket bodies reentering the atmosphere, including fragmentation, ground safety, and effects on air and maritime traffic. Speakers described observation campaigns and modeling efforts to improve predictions and support safer spacecraft design and disposal."}],"words":[{"text":"Today","start":8571.907,"end":8572.166},{"text":"I","start":8572.44,"end":8572.521},{"text":"will","start":8572.521,"end":8572.618},{"text":"be","start":8572.618,"end":8572.698},{"text":"presenting","start":8572.763,"end":8573.312},{"text":"to","start":8573.651,"end":8573.747},{"text":"you","start":8573.747,"end":8573.86},{"text":"our","start":8574.167,"end":8574.296},{"text":"International","start":8574.296,"end":8574.877},{"text":"Airborne","start":8574.877,"end":8575.168},{"text":"Observation","start":8575.184,"end":8575.652},{"text":"Campaign","start":8575.684,"end":8576.12},{"text":"dedicated","start":8576.12,"end":8578.251},{"text":"dedicated","start":8576.41,"end":8576.811},{"text":"to","start":8577.709,"end":8577.805},{"text":"the","start":8577.805,"end":8577.837},{"text":"Salsa","start":8577.886,"end":8578.303},{"text":"mission,","start":8578.303,"end":8578.736},{"text":"which","start":8579.073,"end":8579.217},{"text":"re-entered","start":8579.474,"end":8580.051},{"text":"the","start":8580.051,"end":8580.196},{"text":"atmosphere","start":8580.196,"end":8580.709},{"text":"last","start":8580.998,"end":8581.239},{"text":"September.","start":8581.239,"end":8581.784}]},{"text":"It was a coordinated effort between academia, industries, the European Space Agency.","start":8582.795,"end":8588.523,"topics":[{"key":"reentry-safety","label":"Reentry Safety","description":"Several statements focused on the risks posed by spacecraft and rocket bodies reentering the atmosphere, including fragmentation, ground safety, and effects on air and maritime traffic. Speakers described observation campaigns and modeling efforts to improve predictions and support safer spacecraft design and disposal."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":8582.795,"end":8582.923},{"text":"was","start":8582.923,"end":8583.036},{"text":"a","start":8583.084,"end":8583.1},{"text":"coordinated","start":8583.1,"end":8583.742},{"text":"effort","start":8583.742,"end":8584.062},{"text":"between","start":8584.127,"end":8585.057},{"text":"academia,","start":8585.089,"end":8585.763},{"text":"industries,","start":8586.148,"end":8586.838},{"text":"the","start":8587.015,"end":8587.095},{"text":"European","start":8587.095,"end":8587.496},{"text":"Space","start":8587.496,"end":8587.945},{"text":"Agency.","start":8587.977,"end":8588.523}]},{"text":"The whole activity was coordinated by the Slovak industry, the Astro Solutions.","start":8589.261,"end":8593.416,"topics":[{"key":"reentry-safety","label":"Reentry Safety","description":"Several statements focused on the risks posed by spacecraft and rocket bodies reentering the atmosphere, including fragmentation, ground safety, and effects on air and maritime traffic. Speakers described observation campaigns and modeling efforts to improve predictions and support safer spacecraft design and disposal."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":8589.261,"end":8589.325},{"text":"whole","start":8589.341,"end":8589.517},{"text":"activity","start":8589.517,"end":8590.047},{"text":"was","start":8590.159,"end":8590.287},{"text":"coordinated","start":8590.4,"end":8590.961},{"text":"by","start":8590.961,"end":8591.042},{"text":"the","start":8591.106,"end":8591.186},{"text":"Slovak","start":8591.186,"end":8591.539},{"text":"industry,","start":8591.539,"end":8592.052},{"text":"the","start":8592.485,"end":8592.566},{"text":"Astro","start":8592.63,"end":8592.871},{"text":"Solutions.","start":8592.871,"end":8593.416}]},{"text":"Our Comenius University was part of the science team participating on this experiment.","start":8594.475,"end":8599.641,"topics":[{"key":"reentry-safety","label":"Reentry Safety","description":"Several statements focused on the risks posed by spacecraft and rocket bodies reentering the atmosphere, including fragmentation, ground safety, and effects on air and maritime traffic. Speakers described observation campaigns and modeling efforts to improve predictions and support safer spacecraft design and disposal."}],"words":[{"text":"Our","start":8594.475,"end":8594.651},{"text":"Comenius","start":8594.651,"end":8595.117},{"text":"University","start":8595.117,"end":8595.662},{"text":"was","start":8595.694,"end":8595.823},{"text":"part","start":8595.935,"end":8596.336},{"text":"of","start":8596.336,"end":8596.432},{"text":"the","start":8596.432,"end":8596.561},{"text":"science","start":8596.561,"end":8596.833},{"text":"team","start":8596.833,"end":8597.186},{"text":"participating","start":8597.443,"end":8598.149},{"text":"on","start":8598.277,"end":8598.39},{"text":"this","start":8598.438,"end":8598.614},{"text":"experiment.","start":8598.823,"end":8599.641}]},{"text":"We also had on board German colleagues from the University of Stuttgart who are responsible for the science lead, and colleagues from the University of South Queensland, Australia, responsible for the mission lead.","start":8600.828,"end":8613.448,"topics":[{"key":"reentry-safety","label":"Reentry Safety","description":"Several statements focused on the risks posed by spacecraft and rocket bodies reentering the atmosphere, including fragmentation, ground safety, and effects on air and maritime traffic. Speakers described observation campaigns and modeling efforts to improve predictions and support safer spacecraft design and disposal."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":8600.828,"end":8600.973},{"text":"also","start":8600.989,"end":8601.294},{"text":"had","start":8601.294,"end":8601.438},{"text":"on","start":8601.47,"end":8601.598},{"text":"board","start":8601.614,"end":8602.064},{"text":"German","start":8602,"end":8602.481},{"text":"colleagues","start":8602.513,"end":8602.963},{"text":"from","start":8603.075,"end":8603.268},{"text":"the","start":8603.316,"end":8603.364},{"text":"University","start":8603.38,"end":8603.782},{"text":"of","start":8603.782,"end":8603.814},{"text":"Stuttgart","start":8603.814,"end":8604.697},{"text":"who","start":8604.761,"end":8605.002},{"text":"are","start":8605.002,"end":8605.082},{"text":"responsible","start":8605.082,"end":8605.725},{"text":"for","start":8605.725,"end":8605.885},{"text":"the","start":8605.885,"end":8605.917},{"text":"science","start":8605.965,"end":8606.415},{"text":"lead,","start":8606.527,"end":8607.025},{"text":"and","start":8607.555,"end":8607.716},{"text":"colleagues","start":8607.732,"end":8608.101},{"text":"from","start":8608.133,"end":8608.294},{"text":"the","start":8608.358,"end":8608.438},{"text":"University","start":8608.438,"end":8609.064},{"text":"of","start":8609.321,"end":8609.514},{"text":"South","start":8609.514,"end":8609.867},{"text":"Queensland,","start":8609.899,"end":8610.606},{"text":"Australia,","start":8610.622,"end":8611.361},{"text":"responsible","start":8611.73,"end":8612.372},{"text":"for","start":8612.372,"end":8612.484},{"text":"the","start":8612.484,"end":8612.565},{"text":"mission","start":8612.565,"end":8612.982},{"text":"lead.","start":8613.03,"end":8613.448}]},{"text":"Additionally, colleagues from the private company HTG from Germany were responsible for the simulation and planning the reentry event, to actually telling us where exactly to fly to observe the object.","start":8614.219,"end":8626.341,"topics":[{"key":"reentry-safety","label":"Reentry Safety","description":"Several statements focused on the risks posed by spacecraft and rocket bodies reentering the atmosphere, including fragmentation, ground safety, and effects on air and maritime traffic. Speakers described observation campaigns and modeling efforts to improve predictions and support safer spacecraft design and disposal."}],"words":[{"text":"Additionally,","start":8614.219,"end":8614.765},{"text":"colleagues","start":8615.118,"end":8615.407},{"text":"from","start":8615.503,"end":8615.68},{"text":"the","start":8615.68,"end":8615.921},{"text":"private","start":8615.985,"end":8616.306},{"text":"company","start":8616.306,"end":8616.691},{"text":"HTG","start":8616.723,"end":8617.446},{"text":"from","start":8617.446,"end":8617.639},{"text":"Germany","start":8617.687,"end":8618.136},{"text":"were","start":8618.49,"end":8618.522},{"text":"responsible","start":8618.634,"end":8619.276},{"text":"for","start":8619.276,"end":8619.453},{"text":"the","start":8619.453,"end":8619.485},{"text":"simulation","start":8619.533,"end":8620.304},{"text":"and","start":8620.738,"end":8620.882},{"text":"planning","start":8620.882,"end":8621.235},{"text":"the","start":8621.3,"end":8621.444},{"text":"reentry","start":8621.444,"end":8621.91},{"text":"event,","start":8621.942,"end":8622.343},{"text":"to","start":8622.745,"end":8622.873},{"text":"actually","start":8622.889,"end":8623.13},{"text":"telling","start":8623.162,"end":8623.419},{"text":"us","start":8623.531,"end":8623.724},{"text":"where","start":8623.853,"end":8624.029},{"text":"exactly","start":8624.029,"end":8624.575},{"text":"to","start":8624.575,"end":8624.671},{"text":"fly","start":8624.671,"end":8625.009},{"text":"to","start":8625.073,"end":8625.282},{"text":"observe","start":8625.298,"end":8625.779},{"text":"the","start":8625.779,"end":8625.844},{"text":"object.","start":8625.86,"end":8626.341}]},{"text":"Next slide, please.","start":8626.727,"end":8627.433,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next","start":8626.727,"end":8626.919},{"text":"slide,","start":8626.919,"end":8627.208},{"text":"please.","start":8627.24,"end":8627.433}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"SVK","affiliation_full":"Slovakia","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":45,"start":8628.188,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1a/k1ad4k1m9e?t=8629","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Here's the video.","start":8628.188,"end":8629.055,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Here's","start":8628.188,"end":8628.348},{"text":"the","start":8628.348,"end":8628.429},{"text":"video.","start":8628.429,"end":8629.055}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":null,"affiliation_full":null,"group":null,"function":null}},{"statement_number":46,"start":8630.115,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1a/k1ad4k1m9e?t=8631","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"So what is actually reentry event?","start":8630.115,"end":8633.037,"topics":[{"key":"reentry-safety","label":"Reentry Safety","description":"Several statements focused on the risks posed by spacecraft and rocket bodies reentering the atmosphere, including fragmentation, ground safety, and effects on air and maritime traffic. Speakers described observation campaigns and modeling efforts to improve predictions and support safer spacecraft design and disposal."}],"words":[{"text":"So","start":8630.115,"end":8630.452},{"text":"what","start":8630.917,"end":8631.078},{"text":"is","start":8631.078,"end":8631.142},{"text":"actually","start":8631.174,"end":8631.56},{"text":"reentry","start":8631.56,"end":8632.105},{"text":"event?","start":8632.443,"end":8633.037}]},{"text":"Reentry event occurs when a large compact object such as defunct or nonfunctional satellite or spared upper stage from a rocket orbits Earth and then reenters the atmosphere with very high velocity.","start":8634.225,"end":8648.643,"topics":[{"key":"reentry-safety","label":"Reentry Safety","description":"Several statements focused on the risks posed by spacecraft and rocket bodies reentering the atmosphere, including fragmentation, ground safety, and effects on air and maritime traffic. Speakers described observation campaigns and modeling efforts to improve predictions and support safer spacecraft design and disposal."}],"words":[{"text":"Reentry","start":8634.225,"end":8634.61},{"text":"event","start":8634.626,"end":8634.931},{"text":"occurs","start":8634.931,"end":8635.236},{"text":"when","start":8635.349,"end":8635.541},{"text":"a","start":8635.654,"end":8635.67},{"text":"large","start":8635.83,"end":8636.296},{"text":"compact","start":8636.312,"end":8636.762},{"text":"object","start":8636.778,"end":8637.292},{"text":"such","start":8637.532,"end":8637.805},{"text":"as","start":8637.902,"end":8638.046},{"text":"defunct","start":8638.383,"end":8638.961},{"text":"or","start":8638.961,"end":8638.994},{"text":"nonfunctional","start":8638.994,"end":8639.684},{"text":"satellite","start":8639.684,"end":8640.423},{"text":"or","start":8640.888,"end":8641.081},{"text":"spared","start":8641.129,"end":8641.659},{"text":"upper","start":8641.755,"end":8641.884},{"text":"stage","start":8641.932,"end":8642.301},{"text":"from","start":8642.333,"end":8642.462},{"text":"a","start":8642.51,"end":8642.574},{"text":"rocket","start":8642.574,"end":8642.943},{"text":"orbits","start":8643.618,"end":8644.099},{"text":"Earth","start":8644.18,"end":8644.469},{"text":"and","start":8644.966,"end":8645.207},{"text":"then","start":8645.207,"end":8645.352},{"text":"reenters","start":8645.544,"end":8646.074},{"text":"the","start":8646.09,"end":8646.171},{"text":"atmosphere","start":8646.251,"end":8646.7},{"text":"with","start":8647.391,"end":8647.551},{"text":"very","start":8647.551,"end":8647.792},{"text":"high","start":8647.792,"end":8647.985},{"text":"velocity.","start":8648.097,"end":8648.643}]},{"text":"Thanks to the atmospheric drag, the high temperatures and pressure are acting on this object, and object starts to decay into the atmosphere, usually going through very wild processes when it ablates, something similar to melting due to the high enthalpy.","start":8649.542,"end":8670.172,"topics":[{"key":"reentry-safety","label":"Reentry Safety","description":"Several statements focused on the risks posed by spacecraft and rocket bodies reentering the atmosphere, including fragmentation, ground safety, and effects on air and maritime traffic. Speakers described observation campaigns and modeling efforts to improve predictions and support safer spacecraft design and disposal."}],"words":[{"text":"Thanks","start":8649.542,"end":8649.815},{"text":"to","start":8649.815,"end":8649.896},{"text":"the","start":8649.896,"end":8650.104},{"text":"atmospheric","start":8650.104,"end":8650.666},{"text":"drag,","start":8650.666,"end":8651.068},{"text":"the","start":8652.143,"end":8652.384},{"text":"high","start":8652.593,"end":8652.85},{"text":"temperatures","start":8652.85,"end":8653.3},{"text":"and","start":8653.332,"end":8653.396},{"text":"pressure","start":8653.476,"end":8653.91},{"text":"are","start":8654.039,"end":8654.312},{"text":"acting","start":8654.376,"end":8654.665},{"text":"on","start":8654.762,"end":8654.858},{"text":"this","start":8654.858,"end":8655.003},{"text":"object,","start":8655.003,"end":8655.565},{"text":"and","start":8656.208,"end":8656.272},{"text":"object","start":8656.481,"end":8656.786},{"text":"starts","start":8656.786,"end":8657.268},{"text":"to","start":8657.268,"end":8657.477},{"text":"decay","start":8657.911,"end":8658.329},{"text":"into","start":8658.699,"end":8658.891},{"text":"the","start":8658.891,"end":8659.02},{"text":"atmosphere,","start":8659.02,"end":8659.775},{"text":"usually","start":8660.225,"end":8660.595},{"text":"going","start":8660.643,"end":8660.852},{"text":"through","start":8660.948,"end":8661.221},{"text":"very","start":8661.43,"end":8661.655},{"text":"wild","start":8661.752,"end":8662.925},{"text":"processes","start":8662.973,"end":8663.583},{"text":"when","start":8664.403,"end":8664.467},{"text":"it","start":8664.564,"end":8664.74},{"text":"ablates,","start":8664.74,"end":8665.383},{"text":"something","start":8665.689,"end":8665.978},{"text":"similar","start":8666.01,"end":8666.428},{"text":"to","start":8666.428,"end":8666.604},{"text":"melting","start":8667.552,"end":8668.002},{"text":"due","start":8668.822,"end":8668.918},{"text":"to","start":8668.918,"end":8669.015},{"text":"the","start":8669.015,"end":8669.143},{"text":"high","start":8669.143,"end":8669.272},{"text":"enthalpy.","start":8669.641,"end":8670.172}]},{"text":"And eventually it may fragment, and some of the fragments survive and can fall to the ground or the ocean, or some of the fragments fragments will demise in the atmosphere.","start":8670.927,"end":8680.841,"topics":[{"key":"reentry-safety","label":"Reentry Safety","description":"Several statements focused on the risks posed by spacecraft and rocket bodies reentering the atmosphere, including fragmentation, ground safety, and effects on air and maritime traffic. Speakers described observation campaigns and modeling efforts to improve predictions and support safer spacecraft design and disposal."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":8670.927,"end":8671.088},{"text":"eventually","start":8671.152,"end":8671.698},{"text":"it","start":8671.746,"end":8671.907},{"text":"may","start":8671.907,"end":8672.052},{"text":"fragment,","start":8672.068,"end":8673.016},{"text":"and","start":8673.241,"end":8673.418},{"text":"some","start":8673.418,"end":8673.626},{"text":"of","start":8673.723,"end":8673.819},{"text":"the","start":8673.819,"end":8673.9},{"text":"fragments","start":8673.9,"end":8674.478},{"text":"survive","start":8674.719,"end":8675.426},{"text":"and","start":8675.426,"end":8675.555},{"text":"can","start":8675.651,"end":8675.812},{"text":"fall","start":8675.812,"end":8676.085},{"text":"to","start":8676.133,"end":8676.23},{"text":"the","start":8676.23,"end":8676.471},{"text":"ground","start":8676.712,"end":8677.113},{"text":"or","start":8677.113,"end":8677.226},{"text":"the","start":8677.29,"end":8677.435},{"text":"ocean,","start":8677.435,"end":8677.804},{"text":"or","start":8678.399,"end":8678.479},{"text":"some","start":8678.479,"end":8678.56},{"text":"of","start":8678.56,"end":8678.608},{"text":"the","start":8678.64,"end":8678.704},{"text":"fragments","start":8678.752,"end":8680.857},{"text":"fragments","start":8679.01,"end":8679.379},{"text":"will","start":8679.379,"end":8679.514},{"text":"demise","start":8679.614,"end":8680.018},{"text":"in","start":8680.118,"end":8680.202},{"text":"the","start":8680.202,"end":8680.303},{"text":"atmosphere.","start":8680.303,"end":8680.841}]},{"text":"The ablation process itself is accompanied by the gaseonization, which causes the emission of the light.","start":8682.35,"end":8690.451,"topics":[{"key":"reentry-safety","label":"Reentry Safety","description":"Several statements focused on the risks posed by spacecraft and rocket bodies reentering the atmosphere, including fragmentation, ground safety, and effects on air and maritime traffic. Speakers described observation campaigns and modeling efforts to improve predictions and support safer spacecraft design and disposal."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":8682.35,"end":8682.446},{"text":"ablation","start":8682.527,"end":8682.945},{"text":"process","start":8682.945,"end":8683.413},{"text":"itself","start":8683.413,"end":8684.17},{"text":"is","start":8684.637,"end":8684.717},{"text":"accompanied","start":8684.717,"end":8685.41},{"text":"by","start":8685.523,"end":8685.716},{"text":"the","start":8685.829,"end":8686.086},{"text":"gaseonization,","start":8686.086,"end":8687.101},{"text":"which","start":8688.502,"end":8688.68},{"text":"causes","start":8688.68,"end":8688.953},{"text":"the","start":8689.05,"end":8689.243},{"text":"emission","start":8689.388,"end":8689.855},{"text":"of","start":8689.855,"end":8689.968},{"text":"the","start":8689.968,"end":8690.113},{"text":"light.","start":8690.113,"end":8690.451}]},{"text":"That means we actually can see the reentry event from the ground, and the phenomena is very similar to meteors, which you might see being created by natural objects, meteoroids.","start":8690.999,"end":8701.888,"topics":[{"key":"reentry-safety","label":"Reentry Safety","description":"Several statements focused on the risks posed by spacecraft and rocket bodies reentering the atmosphere, including fragmentation, ground safety, and effects on air and maritime traffic. Speakers described observation campaigns and modeling efforts to improve predictions and support safer spacecraft design and disposal."}],"words":[{"text":"That","start":8690.999,"end":8691.241},{"text":"means","start":8691.241,"end":8691.37},{"text":"we","start":8691.418,"end":8691.547},{"text":"actually","start":8691.628,"end":8691.967},{"text":"can","start":8691.967,"end":8692.097},{"text":"see","start":8692.194,"end":8692.614},{"text":"the","start":8692.678,"end":8692.775},{"text":"reentry","start":8692.775,"end":8693.308},{"text":"event","start":8693.341,"end":8693.535},{"text":"from","start":8693.567,"end":8693.712},{"text":"the","start":8693.745,"end":8693.89},{"text":"ground,","start":8693.89,"end":8694.31},{"text":"and","start":8694.455,"end":8694.536},{"text":"the","start":8694.552,"end":8694.811},{"text":"phenomena","start":8695.942,"end":8696.524},{"text":"is","start":8696.572,"end":8696.62},{"text":"very","start":8696.653,"end":8696.814},{"text":"similar","start":8696.814,"end":8697.218},{"text":"to","start":8697.218,"end":8697.315},{"text":"meteors,","start":8697.315,"end":8697.913},{"text":"which","start":8698.026,"end":8698.188},{"text":"you","start":8698.188,"end":8698.268},{"text":"might","start":8698.268,"end":8698.446},{"text":"see","start":8698.446,"end":8698.85},{"text":"being","start":8699.076,"end":8699.206},{"text":"created","start":8699.303,"end":8699.642},{"text":"by","start":8699.642,"end":8699.805},{"text":"natural","start":8699.902,"end":8700.342},{"text":"objects,","start":8700.456,"end":8701.026},{"text":"meteoroids.","start":8701.27,"end":8701.888}]},{"text":"Next slide, please.","start":8703.451,"end":8704.167,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next","start":8703.451,"end":8703.662},{"text":"slide,","start":8703.662,"end":8703.841},{"text":"please.","start":8703.857,"end":8704.167}]},{"text":"So the reason we are interested in reentry events and their modeling is to understand how these objects could harm humans on the ground, how the air and maritime traffic is affected, as well as how the atmosphere can be changed due to these events.","start":8706.151,"end":8722.659,"topics":[{"key":"reentry-safety","label":"Reentry Safety","description":"Several statements focused on the risks posed by spacecraft and rocket bodies reentering the atmosphere, including fragmentation, ground safety, and effects on air and maritime traffic. Speakers described observation campaigns and modeling efforts to improve predictions and support safer spacecraft design and disposal."}],"words":[{"text":"So","start":8706.151,"end":8706.49},{"text":"the","start":8706.797,"end":8706.829},{"text":"reason","start":8706.829,"end":8707.201},{"text":"we","start":8707.201,"end":8707.282},{"text":"are","start":8707.298,"end":8707.395},{"text":"interested","start":8707.395,"end":8707.928},{"text":"in","start":8707.928,"end":8708.089},{"text":"reentry","start":8708.089,"end":8708.477},{"text":"events","start":8709.543,"end":8709.85},{"text":"and","start":8710.108,"end":8710.205},{"text":"their","start":8710.205,"end":8710.302},{"text":"modeling","start":8710.334,"end":8710.706},{"text":"is","start":8710.867,"end":8710.98},{"text":"to","start":8711.012,"end":8711.093},{"text":"understand","start":8711.158,"end":8711.545},{"text":"how","start":8711.658,"end":8711.852},{"text":"these","start":8712.046,"end":8712.159},{"text":"objects","start":8712.159,"end":8712.773},{"text":"could","start":8712.773,"end":8713.015},{"text":"harm","start":8713.015,"end":8713.322},{"text":"humans","start":8713.435,"end":8713.807},{"text":"on","start":8713.903,"end":8713.952},{"text":"the","start":8713.984,"end":8714.065},{"text":"ground,","start":8714.065,"end":8714.598},{"text":"how","start":8715.115,"end":8715.212},{"text":"the","start":8715.212,"end":8715.356},{"text":"air","start":8715.437,"end":8715.549},{"text":"and","start":8715.678,"end":8715.759},{"text":"maritime","start":8715.759,"end":8716.241},{"text":"traffic","start":8716.338,"end":8716.82},{"text":"is","start":8716.82,"end":8716.868},{"text":"affected,","start":8716.981,"end":8717.431},{"text":"as","start":8718.107,"end":8718.155},{"text":"well","start":8718.268,"end":8718.412},{"text":"as","start":8718.573,"end":8718.638},{"text":"how","start":8718.75,"end":8718.927},{"text":"the","start":8719.297,"end":8719.554},{"text":"atmosphere","start":8719.619,"end":8720.23},{"text":"can","start":8720.761,"end":8721.002},{"text":"be","start":8721.002,"end":8721.147},{"text":"changed","start":8721.147,"end":8721.629},{"text":"due","start":8721.629,"end":8721.742},{"text":"to","start":8721.742,"end":8721.887},{"text":"these","start":8721.887,"end":8722.096},{"text":"events.","start":8722.353,"end":8722.659}]},{"text":"For example, how the ozone layer is affected when these reentries are happening.","start":8723.6,"end":8728.558,"topics":[{"key":"reentry-safety","label":"Reentry Safety","description":"Several statements focused on the risks posed by spacecraft and rocket bodies reentering the atmosphere, including fragmentation, ground safety, and effects on air and maritime traffic. Speakers described observation campaigns and modeling efforts to improve predictions and support safer spacecraft design and disposal."}],"words":[{"text":"For","start":8723.6,"end":8723.68},{"text":"example,","start":8723.696,"end":8724.147},{"text":"how","start":8724.26,"end":8724.388},{"text":"the","start":8724.501,"end":8724.598},{"text":"ozone","start":8724.598,"end":8724.92},{"text":"layer","start":8724.92,"end":8725.226},{"text":"is","start":8725.242,"end":8725.403},{"text":"affected","start":8725.403,"end":8726.047},{"text":"when","start":8726.546,"end":8726.691},{"text":"these","start":8726.691,"end":8726.819},{"text":"reentries","start":8726.932,"end":8727.383},{"text":"are","start":8727.641,"end":8727.995},{"text":"happening.","start":8728.204,"end":8728.558}]},{"text":"Currently, Actually, we do understand the physics to a certain level, but models, however, are limited if you don't have any observations to actually validate them.","start":8729.669,"end":8740.359,"topics":[{"key":"reentry-safety","label":"Reentry Safety","description":"Several statements focused on the risks posed by spacecraft and rocket bodies reentering the atmosphere, including fragmentation, ground safety, and effects on air and maritime traffic. Speakers described observation campaigns and modeling efforts to improve predictions and support safer spacecraft design and disposal."}],"words":[{"text":"Currently,","start":8729.669,"end":8730.007},{"text":"Actually,","start":8730.07,"end":8730.414},{"text":"we","start":8730.431,"end":8730.513},{"text":"do","start":8730.513,"end":8730.71},{"text":"understand","start":8730.824,"end":8731.563},{"text":"the","start":8731.563,"end":8731.645},{"text":"physics","start":8731.645,"end":8732.137},{"text":"to","start":8732.137,"end":8732.219},{"text":"a","start":8732.219,"end":8732.236},{"text":"certain","start":8732.236,"end":8732.646},{"text":"level,","start":8732.646,"end":8733.073},{"text":"but","start":8734.27,"end":8734.334},{"text":"models,","start":8734.334,"end":8734.832},{"text":"however,","start":8735.089,"end":8735.587},{"text":"are","start":8735.973,"end":8736.053},{"text":"limited","start":8736.053,"end":8736.647},{"text":"if","start":8737.178,"end":8737.338},{"text":"you","start":8737.338,"end":8737.435},{"text":"don't","start":8737.435,"end":8737.724},{"text":"have","start":8737.74,"end":8737.997},{"text":"any","start":8737.997,"end":8738.238},{"text":"observations","start":8738.318,"end":8739.09},{"text":"to","start":8739.202,"end":8739.331},{"text":"actually","start":8739.427,"end":8739.764},{"text":"validate","start":8739.764,"end":8740.247},{"text":"them.","start":8740.247,"end":8740.359}]},{"text":"So we can have an idea what the physics is, but you need to have an observation to actually confirm and refine your physical model.","start":8741.291,"end":8749.111,"topics":[{"key":"reentry-safety","label":"Reentry Safety","description":"Several statements focused on the risks posed by spacecraft and rocket bodies reentering the atmosphere, including fragmentation, ground safety, and effects on air and maritime traffic. Speakers described observation campaigns and modeling efforts to improve predictions and support safer spacecraft design and disposal."}],"words":[{"text":"So","start":8741.291,"end":8741.612},{"text":"we","start":8741.853,"end":8741.998},{"text":"can","start":8741.998,"end":8742.094},{"text":"have","start":8742.094,"end":8742.255},{"text":"an","start":8742.255,"end":8742.303},{"text":"idea","start":8742.335,"end":8743.396},{"text":"what","start":8743.524,"end":8743.621},{"text":"the","start":8743.621,"end":8743.701},{"text":"physics","start":8743.83,"end":8744.186},{"text":"is,","start":8744.186,"end":8744.316},{"text":"but","start":8744.915,"end":8745.061},{"text":"you","start":8745.061,"end":8745.158},{"text":"need","start":8745.158,"end":8745.385},{"text":"to","start":8745.401,"end":8745.498},{"text":"have","start":8745.547,"end":8745.644},{"text":"an","start":8745.644,"end":8745.725},{"text":"observation","start":8745.725,"end":8746.259},{"text":"to","start":8746.357,"end":8746.454},{"text":"actually","start":8746.519,"end":8746.859},{"text":"confirm","start":8746.859,"end":8747.491},{"text":"and","start":8747.491,"end":8747.604},{"text":"refine","start":8747.604,"end":8748.058},{"text":"your","start":8748.171,"end":8748.349},{"text":"physical","start":8748.382,"end":8748.771},{"text":"model.","start":8748.803,"end":8749.111}]},{"text":"Next slide, please.","start":8749.694,"end":8750.391,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next","start":8749.694,"end":8749.856},{"text":"slide,","start":8749.856,"end":8750.115},{"text":"please.","start":8750.164,"end":8750.391}]},{"text":"At the Comenius University, we acquire scientific data data using primarily ground-based observations.","start":8752.766,"end":8759.057,"topics":[{"key":"reentry-safety","label":"Reentry Safety","description":"Several statements focused on the risks posed by spacecraft and rocket bodies reentering the atmosphere, including fragmentation, ground safety, and effects on air and maritime traffic. Speakers described observation campaigns and modeling efforts to improve predictions and support safer spacecraft design and disposal."}],"words":[{"text":"At","start":8752.766,"end":8752.847},{"text":"the","start":8752.847,"end":8752.928},{"text":"Comenius","start":8752.928,"end":8753.35},{"text":"University,","start":8753.35,"end":8753.885},{"text":"we","start":8754.729,"end":8754.875},{"text":"acquire","start":8754.891,"end":8755.296},{"text":"scientific","start":8755.296,"end":8755.556},{"text":"data","start":8755.556,"end":8755.816},{"text":"data","start":8755.946,"end":8756.283},{"text":"using","start":8756.908,"end":8757.133},{"text":"primarily","start":8757.229,"end":8757.614},{"text":"ground-based","start":8757.646,"end":8758.207},{"text":"observations.","start":8758.207,"end":8759.057}]},{"text":"On the animation below, you can see flying fragments of the Chinese upper stage Long March 3B, which reentered in October 2020 above the Hawaiian Islands.","start":8760.052,"end":8771.246,"topics":[{"key":"reentry-safety","label":"Reentry Safety","description":"Several statements focused on the risks posed by spacecraft and rocket bodies reentering the atmosphere, including fragmentation, ground safety, and effects on air and maritime traffic. Speakers described observation campaigns and modeling efforts to improve predictions and support safer spacecraft design and disposal."}],"words":[{"text":"On","start":8760.052,"end":8760.132},{"text":"the","start":8760.132,"end":8760.196},{"text":"animation","start":8760.276,"end":8760.741},{"text":"below,","start":8760.757,"end":8761.11},{"text":"you","start":8761.479,"end":8761.671},{"text":"can","start":8761.816,"end":8761.928},{"text":"see","start":8761.976,"end":8762.329},{"text":"flying","start":8763.484,"end":8763.788},{"text":"fragments","start":8763.82,"end":8764.366},{"text":"of","start":8764.366,"end":8764.478},{"text":"the","start":8764.478,"end":8764.606},{"text":"Chinese","start":8764.606,"end":8765.232},{"text":"upper","start":8765.488,"end":8765.665},{"text":"stage","start":8765.665,"end":8766.034},{"text":"Long","start":8766.146,"end":8766.274},{"text":"March","start":8766.37,"end":8766.675},{"text":"3B,","start":8766.707,"end":8767.028},{"text":"which","start":8767.91,"end":8768.038},{"text":"reentered","start":8768.135,"end":8768.632},{"text":"in","start":8768.632,"end":8768.888},{"text":"October","start":8768.888,"end":8769.353},{"text":"2020","start":8769.353,"end":8770.075},{"text":"above","start":8770.075,"end":8770.267},{"text":"the","start":8770.316,"end":8770.412},{"text":"Hawaiian","start":8770.412,"end":8770.781},{"text":"Islands.","start":8770.861,"end":8771.246}]},{"text":"Our all-sky meteor cameras captured this event by chance because these are designed to actually capture meteors, are the natural phenomena, and because reentry resembles similar shape as a meteor, it is video recorded.","start":8772.16,"end":8791.096,"topics":[{"key":"reentry-safety","label":"Reentry Safety","description":"Several statements focused on the risks posed by spacecraft and rocket bodies reentering the atmosphere, including fragmentation, ground safety, and effects on air and maritime traffic. Speakers described observation campaigns and modeling efforts to improve predictions and support safer spacecraft design and disposal."}],"words":[{"text":"Our","start":8772.16,"end":8772.32},{"text":"all-sky","start":8772.465,"end":8772.882},{"text":"meteor","start":8772.962,"end":8773.587},{"text":"cameras","start":8773.587,"end":8774.132},{"text":"captured","start":8774.63,"end":8775.047},{"text":"this","start":8775.047,"end":8775.271},{"text":"event","start":8775.287,"end":8775.608},{"text":"by","start":8775.608,"end":8775.72},{"text":"chance","start":8775.768,"end":8776.426},{"text":"because","start":8776.955,"end":8777.26},{"text":"these","start":8778.414,"end":8778.623},{"text":"are","start":8778.799,"end":8778.847},{"text":"designed","start":8778.976,"end":8779.874},{"text":"to","start":8779.922,"end":8779.97},{"text":"actually","start":8780.082,"end":8780.339},{"text":"capture","start":8780.339,"end":8780.756},{"text":"meteors,","start":8780.756,"end":8781.349},{"text":"are","start":8781.478,"end":8781.558},{"text":"the","start":8781.558,"end":8781.638},{"text":"natural","start":8781.638,"end":8782.088},{"text":"phenomena,","start":8782.088,"end":8782.666},{"text":"and","start":8783.372,"end":8783.517},{"text":"because","start":8783.95,"end":8784.239},{"text":"reentry","start":8784.416,"end":8784.834},{"text":"resembles","start":8784.834,"end":8785.363},{"text":"similar","start":8785.572,"end":8786.519},{"text":"shape","start":8787.483,"end":8787.82},{"text":"as","start":8787.884,"end":8788.093},{"text":"a","start":8788.189,"end":8788.366},{"text":"meteor,","start":8788.366,"end":8788.992},{"text":"it","start":8789.394,"end":8789.474},{"text":"is","start":8789.474,"end":8789.618},{"text":"video","start":8790.293,"end":8790.55},{"text":"recorded.","start":8790.55,"end":8791.096}]},{"text":"However, with this approach of ground-based observations, we do not have capability to influence what and when we're going to observe.","start":8791.577,"end":8800.569,"topics":[{"key":"reentry-safety","label":"Reentry Safety","description":"Several statements focused on the risks posed by spacecraft and rocket bodies reentering the atmosphere, including fragmentation, ground safety, and effects on air and maritime traffic. Speakers described observation campaigns and modeling efforts to improve predictions and support safer spacecraft design and disposal."}],"words":[{"text":"However,","start":8791.577,"end":8792.605},{"text":"with","start":8792.621,"end":8792.782},{"text":"this","start":8792.782,"end":8793.022},{"text":"approach","start":8793.022,"end":8793.584},{"text":"of","start":8793.649,"end":8793.745},{"text":"ground-based","start":8793.761,"end":8794.291},{"text":"observations,","start":8794.291,"end":8794.917},{"text":"we","start":8795.19,"end":8795.335},{"text":"do","start":8795.335,"end":8795.431},{"text":"not","start":8795.431,"end":8795.672},{"text":"have","start":8795.672,"end":8795.88},{"text":"capability","start":8795.977,"end":8796.603},{"text":"to","start":8797.615,"end":8797.759},{"text":"influence","start":8797.759,"end":8798.257},{"text":"what","start":8798.466,"end":8798.915},{"text":"and","start":8799.108,"end":8799.188},{"text":"when","start":8799.268,"end":8799.413},{"text":"we're","start":8799.525,"end":8799.67},{"text":"going","start":8799.67,"end":8799.814},{"text":"to","start":8799.911,"end":8800.023},{"text":"observe.","start":8800.023,"end":8800.569}]},{"text":"We are left only with the option of targets of opportunity and fully depend on the luck and chance what we are going to observe.","start":8801.532,"end":8810.664,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":8801.532,"end":8801.677},{"text":"are","start":8801.693,"end":8801.789},{"text":"left","start":8801.854,"end":8802.175},{"text":"only","start":8802.175,"end":8802.464},{"text":"with","start":8802.48,"end":8802.576},{"text":"the","start":8802.576,"end":8802.721},{"text":"option","start":8802.721,"end":8803.202},{"text":"of","start":8803.202,"end":8803.347},{"text":"targets","start":8803.395,"end":8803.925},{"text":"of","start":8803.925,"end":8804.021},{"text":"opportunity","start":8804.021,"end":8804.712},{"text":"and","start":8805.611,"end":8805.675},{"text":"fully","start":8806.044,"end":8806.398},{"text":"depend","start":8807.411,"end":8807.915},{"text":"on","start":8807.915,"end":8808.029},{"text":"the","start":8808.078,"end":8808.159},{"text":"luck","start":8808.159,"end":8808.647},{"text":"and","start":8808.647,"end":8808.793},{"text":"chance","start":8808.793,"end":8809.395},{"text":"what","start":8809.607,"end":8809.769},{"text":"we","start":8809.769,"end":8809.867},{"text":"are","start":8809.867,"end":8809.932},{"text":"going","start":8809.932,"end":8810.127},{"text":"to","start":8810.176,"end":8810.273},{"text":"observe.","start":8810.273,"end":8810.664}]},{"text":"Next slide, please.","start":8811.493,"end":8812.274,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next","start":8811.493,"end":8811.77},{"text":"slide,","start":8811.77,"end":8811.867},{"text":"please.","start":8812.062,"end":8812.274}]},{"text":"For that reason, we use sometimes an option of airborne campaigns.","start":8815.06,"end":8819.873,"topics":[{"key":"reentry-safety","label":"Reentry Safety","description":"Several statements focused on the risks posed by spacecraft and rocket bodies reentering the atmosphere, including fragmentation, ground safety, and effects on air and maritime traffic. Speakers described observation campaigns and modeling efforts to improve predictions and support safer spacecraft design and disposal."}],"words":[{"text":"For","start":8815.06,"end":8815.157},{"text":"that","start":8815.157,"end":8815.321},{"text":"reason,","start":8815.321,"end":8815.794},{"text":"we","start":8816.234,"end":8816.381},{"text":"use","start":8816.398,"end":8816.822},{"text":"sometimes","start":8817.311,"end":8817.997},{"text":"an","start":8818.111,"end":8818.241},{"text":"option","start":8818.258,"end":8818.551},{"text":"of","start":8818.617,"end":8818.861},{"text":"airborne","start":8818.91,"end":8819.22},{"text":"campaigns.","start":8819.351,"end":8819.873}]},{"text":"Airborne observations are unique type of observations when you travel to the event itself because you know where the object is going to demise.","start":8820.792,"end":8829.827,"topics":[{"key":"reentry-safety","label":"Reentry Safety","description":"Several statements focused on the risks posed by spacecraft and rocket bodies reentering the atmosphere, including fragmentation, ground safety, and effects on air and maritime traffic. Speakers described observation campaigns and modeling efforts to improve predictions and support safer spacecraft design and disposal."}],"words":[{"text":"Airborne","start":8820.792,"end":8821.099},{"text":"observations","start":8821.099,"end":8821.569},{"text":"are","start":8821.585,"end":8821.747},{"text":"unique","start":8821.747,"end":8822.103},{"text":"type","start":8822.103,"end":8822.33},{"text":"of","start":8822.33,"end":8822.411},{"text":"observations","start":8822.411,"end":8823.188},{"text":"when","start":8824.029,"end":8824.159},{"text":"you","start":8824.256,"end":8824.45},{"text":"travel","start":8824.515,"end":8824.806},{"text":"to","start":8825,"end":8825.081},{"text":"the","start":8825.081,"end":8825.308},{"text":"event","start":8825.308,"end":8825.648},{"text":"itself","start":8825.648,"end":8826.328},{"text":"because","start":8827.429,"end":8827.736},{"text":"you","start":8827.736,"end":8827.833},{"text":"know","start":8827.833,"end":8828.076},{"text":"where","start":8828.076,"end":8828.303},{"text":"the","start":8828.303,"end":8828.384},{"text":"object","start":8828.384,"end":8828.869},{"text":"is","start":8828.869,"end":8829.047},{"text":"going","start":8829.063,"end":8829.258},{"text":"to","start":8829.371,"end":8829.42},{"text":"demise.","start":8829.42,"end":8829.827}]},{"text":"We send the airplane filled with scientific instruments and scientists to the specific location.","start":8830.821,"end":8836.815,"topics":[{"key":"reentry-safety","label":"Reentry Safety","description":"Several statements focused on the risks posed by spacecraft and rocket bodies reentering the atmosphere, including fragmentation, ground safety, and effects on air and maritime traffic. Speakers described observation campaigns and modeling efforts to improve predictions and support safer spacecraft design and disposal."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":8830.821,"end":8830.919},{"text":"send","start":8830.919,"end":8831.147},{"text":"the","start":8831.147,"end":8831.196},{"text":"airplane","start":8831.31,"end":8831.816},{"text":"filled","start":8831.816,"end":8832.223},{"text":"with","start":8832.223,"end":8832.353},{"text":"scientific","start":8832.37,"end":8832.794},{"text":"instruments","start":8832.907,"end":8834.344},{"text":"and","start":8834.441,"end":8834.522},{"text":"scientists","start":8834.522,"end":8835.152},{"text":"to","start":8835.588,"end":8835.669},{"text":"the","start":8835.669,"end":8835.749},{"text":"specific","start":8835.749,"end":8836.218},{"text":"location.","start":8836.218,"end":8836.815}]},{"text":"Once we are at the location, we gather all the data which we then use to validate our models.","start":8837.526,"end":8842.419,"topics":[{"key":"reentry-safety","label":"Reentry Safety","description":"Several statements focused on the risks posed by spacecraft and rocket bodies reentering the atmosphere, including fragmentation, ground safety, and effects on air and maritime traffic. Speakers described observation campaigns and modeling efforts to improve predictions and support safer spacecraft design and disposal."}],"words":[{"text":"Once","start":8837.526,"end":8837.752},{"text":"we","start":8837.768,"end":8837.832},{"text":"are","start":8837.849,"end":8837.946},{"text":"at","start":8837.994,"end":8838.091},{"text":"the","start":8838.091,"end":8838.155},{"text":"location,","start":8838.155,"end":8838.785},{"text":"we","start":8838.818,"end":8838.963},{"text":"gather","start":8838.963,"end":8839.205},{"text":"all","start":8839.286,"end":8839.383},{"text":"the","start":8839.383,"end":8839.528},{"text":"data","start":8839.528,"end":8839.932},{"text":"which","start":8839.932,"end":8840.093},{"text":"we","start":8840.109,"end":8840.19},{"text":"then","start":8840.19,"end":8840.416},{"text":"use","start":8840.416,"end":8840.594},{"text":"to","start":8840.675,"end":8840.739},{"text":"validate","start":8840.755,"end":8841.417},{"text":"our","start":8841.95,"end":8842.096},{"text":"models.","start":8842.096,"end":8842.419}]},{"text":"In the past, there were several airborne campaigns conducted to either upper stages or cargo ships or interplanetary missions.","start":8843.94,"end":8852.188,"topics":[{"key":"reentry-safety","label":"Reentry Safety","description":"Several statements focused on the risks posed by spacecraft and rocket bodies reentering the atmosphere, including fragmentation, ground safety, and effects on air and maritime traffic. Speakers described observation campaigns and modeling efforts to improve predictions and support safer spacecraft design and disposal."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":8843.94,"end":8843.972},{"text":"the","start":8843.972,"end":8844.117},{"text":"past,","start":8844.117,"end":8844.522},{"text":"there","start":8844.603,"end":8844.684},{"text":"were","start":8844.684,"end":8844.732},{"text":"several","start":8844.797,"end":8845.363},{"text":"airborne","start":8845.411,"end":8845.751},{"text":"campaigns","start":8845.751,"end":8846.123},{"text":"conducted","start":8846.22,"end":8846.77},{"text":"to","start":8846.883,"end":8846.98},{"text":"either","start":8847.11,"end":8847.352},{"text":"upper","start":8847.433,"end":8847.611},{"text":"stages","start":8847.611,"end":8848.226},{"text":"or","start":8848.42,"end":8848.581},{"text":"cargo","start":8848.581,"end":8848.97},{"text":"ships","start":8848.97,"end":8849.342},{"text":"or","start":8849.778,"end":8849.972},{"text":"interplanetary","start":8851.153,"end":8851.752},{"text":"missions.","start":8851.752,"end":8852.188}]},{"text":"Some of the missions you can see on the figure on the right-hand side where they are listed.","start":8852.948,"end":8856.866,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Some","start":8852.948,"end":8853.159},{"text":"of","start":8853.191,"end":8853.24},{"text":"the","start":8853.24,"end":8853.288},{"text":"missions","start":8853.288,"end":8853.727},{"text":"you","start":8853.825,"end":8853.89},{"text":"can","start":8853.923,"end":8854.101},{"text":"see","start":8854.101,"end":8854.28},{"text":"on","start":8854.329,"end":8854.427},{"text":"the","start":8854.427,"end":8854.557},{"text":"figure","start":8854.557,"end":8854.963},{"text":"on","start":8854.98,"end":8855.028},{"text":"the","start":8855.061,"end":8855.158},{"text":"right-hand","start":8855.158,"end":8855.549},{"text":"side","start":8855.565,"end":8856.02},{"text":"where","start":8856.02,"end":8856.134},{"text":"they","start":8856.199,"end":8856.264},{"text":"are","start":8856.264,"end":8856.427},{"text":"listed.","start":8856.427,"end":8856.866}]},{"text":"For all In all these listed cases, objects were— all of the objects were of unique origin, which means it was impossible to repeat the experiment using the same exact build of the object.","start":8857.972,"end":8870.224,"topics":[{"key":"reentry-safety","label":"Reentry Safety","description":"Several statements focused on the risks posed by spacecraft and rocket bodies reentering the atmosphere, including fragmentation, ground safety, and effects on air and maritime traffic. Speakers described observation campaigns and modeling efforts to improve predictions and support safer spacecraft design and disposal."}],"words":[{"text":"For","start":8857.972,"end":8858.151},{"text":"all","start":8858.151,"end":8858.265},{"text":"In","start":8858.23,"end":8858.262},{"text":"all","start":8858.262,"end":8858.31},{"text":"these","start":8858.342,"end":8858.567},{"text":"listed","start":8858.567,"end":8858.824},{"text":"cases,","start":8858.824,"end":8859.353},{"text":"objects","start":8860.028,"end":8860.51},{"text":"were—","start":8860.51,"end":8860.59},{"text":"all","start":8861.617,"end":8861.666},{"text":"of","start":8861.714,"end":8861.762},{"text":"the","start":8861.89,"end":8861.971},{"text":"objects","start":8862.019,"end":8862.34},{"text":"were","start":8862.34,"end":8862.468},{"text":"of","start":8862.517,"end":8862.597},{"text":"unique","start":8862.661,"end":8862.982},{"text":"origin,","start":8862.982,"end":8863.432},{"text":"which","start":8863.946,"end":8864.058},{"text":"means","start":8864.106,"end":8864.411},{"text":"it","start":8864.54,"end":8864.668},{"text":"was","start":8864.668,"end":8864.781},{"text":"impossible","start":8864.829,"end":8865.455},{"text":"to","start":8865.648,"end":8865.744},{"text":"repeat","start":8865.744,"end":8866.113},{"text":"the","start":8866.29,"end":8866.547},{"text":"experiment","start":8866.772,"end":8867.382},{"text":"using","start":8867.494,"end":8867.783},{"text":"the","start":8867.88,"end":8867.976},{"text":"same","start":8867.976,"end":8868.522},{"text":"exact","start":8868.602,"end":8868.987},{"text":"build","start":8869.02,"end":8869.421},{"text":"of","start":8869.421,"end":8869.565},{"text":"the","start":8869.582,"end":8869.63},{"text":"object.","start":8869.646,"end":8870.224}]},{"text":"The conducted observations were always during the night, as shown on the upper stage on the right upper corner.","start":8871.091,"end":8878.67,"topics":[{"key":"reentry-safety","label":"Reentry Safety","description":"Several statements focused on the risks posed by spacecraft and rocket bodies reentering the atmosphere, including fragmentation, ground safety, and effects on air and maritime traffic. Speakers described observation campaigns and modeling efforts to improve predictions and support safer spacecraft design and disposal."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":8871.091,"end":8871.171},{"text":"conducted","start":8871.171,"end":8871.653},{"text":"observations","start":8871.653,"end":8872.44},{"text":"were","start":8872.793,"end":8872.953},{"text":"always","start":8872.953,"end":8873.323},{"text":"during","start":8874.19,"end":8874.447},{"text":"the","start":8874.559,"end":8874.639},{"text":"night,","start":8874.639,"end":8874.928},{"text":"as","start":8875.041,"end":8875.089},{"text":"shown","start":8875.201,"end":8875.474},{"text":"on","start":8875.587,"end":8875.635},{"text":"the","start":8875.667,"end":8875.763},{"text":"upper","start":8875.828,"end":8876.004},{"text":"stage","start":8876.004,"end":8876.293},{"text":"on","start":8876.47,"end":8876.518},{"text":"the","start":8876.566,"end":8876.807},{"text":"right","start":8877.513,"end":8877.931},{"text":"upper","start":8877.931,"end":8878.236},{"text":"corner.","start":8878.236,"end":8878.67}]},{"text":"So this is how it looks like when the reentry is happening in the night.","start":8879.039,"end":8882.427,"topics":[{"key":"reentry-safety","label":"Reentry Safety","description":"Several statements focused on the risks posed by spacecraft and rocket bodies reentering the atmosphere, including fragmentation, ground safety, and effects on air and maritime traffic. Speakers described observation campaigns and modeling efforts to improve predictions and support safer spacecraft design and disposal."}],"words":[{"text":"So","start":8879.039,"end":8879.199},{"text":"this","start":8879.199,"end":8879.36},{"text":"is","start":8879.36,"end":8879.424},{"text":"how","start":8879.456,"end":8879.569},{"text":"it","start":8879.633,"end":8879.777},{"text":"looks","start":8879.777,"end":8880.002},{"text":"like","start":8880.002,"end":8880.066},{"text":"when","start":8880.163,"end":8880.291},{"text":"the","start":8880.339,"end":8880.58},{"text":"reentry","start":8880.885,"end":8881.223},{"text":"is","start":8881.223,"end":8881.271},{"text":"happening","start":8881.367,"end":8881.656},{"text":"in","start":8881.72,"end":8881.833},{"text":"the","start":8881.865,"end":8881.929},{"text":"night.","start":8881.929,"end":8882.427}]},{"text":"Next slide, please.","start":8883.97,"end":8884.648,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next","start":8883.97,"end":8884.228},{"text":"slide,","start":8884.228,"end":8884.325},{"text":"please.","start":8884.503,"end":8884.648}]},{"text":"In 2008, the European Space Agency put on orbit a space weather mission called Cluster.","start":8886.845,"end":8893.08,"topics":[{"key":"space-weather","label":"Space Weather","description":"Multiple interventions addressed monitoring and forecasting of solar and ionospheric phenomena that can affect satellites, communications, navigation, aviation, and infrastructure on Earth. The discussion also covered scientific missions, operational warning systems, and international training and capacity-building."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":8886.845,"end":8887.055},{"text":"2008,","start":8887.911,"end":8888.525},{"text":"the","start":8888.816,"end":8888.865},{"text":"European","start":8888.881,"end":8889.349},{"text":"Space","start":8889.349,"end":8889.689},{"text":"Agency","start":8889.689,"end":8890.222},{"text":"put","start":8890.254,"end":8890.658},{"text":"on","start":8890.658,"end":8890.706},{"text":"orbit","start":8890.803,"end":8891.126},{"text":"a","start":8891.126,"end":8891.142},{"text":"space","start":8891.142,"end":8891.53},{"text":"weather","start":8891.546,"end":8891.789},{"text":"mission","start":8891.789,"end":8892.08},{"text":"called","start":8892.112,"end":8892.483},{"text":"Cluster.","start":8892.515,"end":8893.08}]},{"text":"Cluster consisted of 4 identical satellites which orbit the Earth on highly eccentric orbits.","start":8893.806,"end":8899.873,"topics":[{"key":"space-weather","label":"Space Weather","description":"Multiple interventions addressed monitoring and forecasting of solar and ionospheric phenomena that can affect satellites, communications, navigation, aviation, and infrastructure on Earth. The discussion also covered scientific missions, operational warning systems, and international training and capacity-building."}],"words":[{"text":"Cluster","start":8893.806,"end":8894.193},{"text":"consisted","start":8894.193,"end":8894.855},{"text":"of","start":8894.855,"end":8894.935},{"text":"4","start":8894.935,"end":8895.21},{"text":"identical","start":8895.436,"end":8895.92},{"text":"satellites","start":8895.92,"end":8896.952},{"text":"which","start":8897.033,"end":8897.243},{"text":"orbit","start":8897.339,"end":8897.614},{"text":"the","start":8897.614,"end":8897.775},{"text":"Earth","start":8897.775,"end":8898.13},{"text":"on","start":8898.227,"end":8898.275},{"text":"highly","start":8898.388,"end":8898.775},{"text":"eccentric","start":8898.872,"end":8899.437},{"text":"orbits.","start":8899.518,"end":8899.873}]},{"text":"The mission was very successful, and it was concluded last year in 2024, leaving 4 still active satellites but not which are not anymore conducting their primary mission.","start":8901.28,"end":8913.353,"topics":[{"key":"space-weather","label":"Space Weather","description":"Multiple interventions addressed monitoring and forecasting of solar and ionospheric phenomena that can affect satellites, communications, navigation, aviation, and infrastructure on Earth. The discussion also covered scientific missions, operational warning systems, and international training and capacity-building."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":8901.28,"end":8901.328},{"text":"mission","start":8901.328,"end":8901.667},{"text":"was","start":8901.78,"end":8901.926},{"text":"very","start":8901.974,"end":8902.184},{"text":"successful,","start":8902.184,"end":8902.798},{"text":"and","start":8903.072,"end":8903.185},{"text":"it","start":8903.185,"end":8903.315},{"text":"was","start":8903.315,"end":8903.379},{"text":"concluded","start":8903.476,"end":8904.041},{"text":"last","start":8904.041,"end":8904.364},{"text":"year","start":8904.364,"end":8904.607},{"text":"in","start":8904.607,"end":8904.687},{"text":"2024,","start":8904.687,"end":8905.689},{"text":"leaving","start":8906.222,"end":8906.529},{"text":"4","start":8906.625,"end":8907.062},{"text":"still","start":8907.675,"end":8908.047},{"text":"active","start":8908.499,"end":8908.87},{"text":"satellites","start":8908.887,"end":8909.468},{"text":"but","start":8909.468,"end":8909.613},{"text":"not","start":8909.613,"end":8910.146},{"text":"which","start":8910.3,"end":8910.48},{"text":"are","start":8910.743,"end":8910.94},{"text":"not","start":8911.005,"end":8911.531},{"text":"anymore","start":8911.547,"end":8911.843},{"text":"conducting","start":8911.892,"end":8912.352},{"text":"their","start":8912.385,"end":8912.532},{"text":"primary","start":8912.532,"end":8912.894},{"text":"mission.","start":8912.894,"end":8913.353}]},{"text":"These objects were on very highly elliptical orbits, which means the lowest point of orbit the object reached a few hundred kilometers above the Earth's surface, and on their furthest point of the orbit they were more than 100,000 kilometers above the Earth's surface.","start":8914.86,"end":8929.211,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"These","start":8914.86,"end":8914.908},{"text":"objects","start":8914.956,"end":8915.358},{"text":"were","start":8915.358,"end":8915.438},{"text":"on","start":8915.518,"end":8915.567},{"text":"very","start":8915.615,"end":8915.904},{"text":"highly","start":8916.322,"end":8916.579},{"text":"elliptical","start":8916.643,"end":8917.206},{"text":"orbits,","start":8917.206,"end":8917.527},{"text":"which","start":8917.543,"end":8917.704},{"text":"means","start":8917.768,"end":8917.993},{"text":"the","start":8918.025,"end":8918.668},{"text":"lowest","start":8918.668,"end":8919.07},{"text":"point","start":8919.07,"end":8919.407},{"text":"of","start":8919.407,"end":8919.52},{"text":"orbit","start":8919.616,"end":8919.921},{"text":"the","start":8919.954,"end":8920.034},{"text":"object","start":8920.114,"end":8920.516},{"text":"reached","start":8920.516,"end":8920.837},{"text":"a","start":8920.837,"end":8920.918},{"text":"few","start":8920.918,"end":8921.046},{"text":"hundred","start":8921.143,"end":8921.544},{"text":"kilometers","start":8921.544,"end":8922.091},{"text":"above","start":8922.268,"end":8922.541},{"text":"the","start":8922.541,"end":8922.605},{"text":"Earth's","start":8922.605,"end":8922.926},{"text":"surface,","start":8922.926,"end":8923.441},{"text":"and","start":8923.955,"end":8924.341},{"text":"on","start":8924.357,"end":8924.421},{"text":"their","start":8924.453,"end":8924.614},{"text":"furthest","start":8924.614,"end":8925.08},{"text":"point","start":8925.08,"end":8925.482},{"text":"of","start":8925.482,"end":8925.594},{"text":"the","start":8925.594,"end":8925.723},{"text":"orbit","start":8925.739,"end":8926.109},{"text":"they","start":8926.125,"end":8926.205},{"text":"were","start":8926.221,"end":8926.382},{"text":"more","start":8926.382,"end":8926.575},{"text":"than","start":8926.639,"end":8926.848},{"text":"100,000","start":8926.848,"end":8927.78},{"text":"kilometers","start":8927.78,"end":8928.118},{"text":"above","start":8928.311,"end":8928.439},{"text":"the","start":8928.536,"end":8928.648},{"text":"Earth's","start":8928.648,"end":8928.905},{"text":"surface.","start":8928.905,"end":8929.211}]},{"text":"This is a type of orbit which is very unique and allows us to predict years in advance the location when this object will reenter, which means for planning an airborne campaign, these are fantastic opportunities.","start":8930.384,"end":8944.133,"topics":[{"key":"reentry-safety","label":"Reentry Safety","description":"Several statements focused on the risks posed by spacecraft and rocket bodies reentering the atmosphere, including fragmentation, ground safety, and effects on air and maritime traffic. Speakers described observation campaigns and modeling efforts to improve predictions and support safer spacecraft design and disposal."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":8930.384,"end":8930.561},{"text":"is","start":8930.561,"end":8930.609},{"text":"a","start":8930.657,"end":8930.673},{"text":"type","start":8930.705,"end":8931.027},{"text":"of","start":8931.027,"end":8931.172},{"text":"orbit","start":8931.268,"end":8931.702},{"text":"which","start":8932.088,"end":8932.264},{"text":"is","start":8932.264,"end":8932.377},{"text":"very","start":8932.393,"end":8932.538},{"text":"unique","start":8932.634,"end":8932.972},{"text":"and","start":8933.056,"end":8933.19},{"text":"allows","start":8933.29,"end":8933.524},{"text":"us","start":8933.708,"end":8933.909},{"text":"to","start":8934.21,"end":8934.377},{"text":"predict","start":8934.377,"end":8934.945},{"text":"years","start":8934.962,"end":8935.53},{"text":"in","start":8935.566,"end":8935.63},{"text":"advance","start":8935.807,"end":8936.545},{"text":"the","start":8936.545,"end":8936.641},{"text":"location","start":8936.641,"end":8937.347},{"text":"when","start":8937.347,"end":8937.459},{"text":"this","start":8937.507,"end":8937.748},{"text":"object","start":8937.748,"end":8938.277},{"text":"will","start":8938.694,"end":8938.823},{"text":"reenter,","start":8938.887,"end":8939.448},{"text":"which","start":8939.994,"end":8940.09},{"text":"means","start":8940.17,"end":8940.363},{"text":"for","start":8940.459,"end":8940.636},{"text":"planning","start":8940.636,"end":8941.005},{"text":"an","start":8941.117,"end":8941.309},{"text":"airborne","start":8941.341,"end":8941.694},{"text":"campaign,","start":8941.743,"end":8942.368},{"text":"these","start":8942.561,"end":8942.737},{"text":"are","start":8942.866,"end":8942.978},{"text":"fantastic","start":8942.978,"end":8943.523},{"text":"opportunities.","start":8943.523,"end":8944.133}]},{"text":"Additionally, there is not only one satellite, but 4 identical ones.","start":8945.128,"end":8949.267,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Additionally,","start":8945.128,"end":8945.657},{"text":"there","start":8946.09,"end":8946.186},{"text":"is","start":8946.186,"end":8946.299},{"text":"not","start":8946.315,"end":8946.427},{"text":"only","start":8946.491,"end":8946.7},{"text":"one","start":8946.732,"end":8946.957},{"text":"satellite,","start":8946.957,"end":8947.63},{"text":"but","start":8947.935,"end":8948.112},{"text":"4","start":8948.112,"end":8948.288},{"text":"identical","start":8948.416,"end":8948.946},{"text":"ones.","start":8949.042,"end":8949.267}]},{"text":"That means that once we observe one object reentering, we can then fine-tune our physical models, come up with a new hypothesis with improved model, and then go again to observe observe the same object and confirm validity of our models, luxury we didn't have before.","start":8950.021,"end":8967.321,"topics":[{"key":"reentry-safety","label":"Reentry Safety","description":"Several statements focused on the risks posed by spacecraft and rocket bodies reentering the atmosphere, including fragmentation, ground safety, and effects on air and maritime traffic. Speakers described observation campaigns and modeling efforts to improve predictions and support safer spacecraft design and disposal."}],"words":[{"text":"That","start":8950.021,"end":8950.245},{"text":"means","start":8950.245,"end":8950.47},{"text":"that","start":8950.566,"end":8950.663},{"text":"once","start":8950.727,"end":8950.967},{"text":"we","start":8950.967,"end":8951.015},{"text":"observe","start":8951.064,"end":8951.593},{"text":"one","start":8951.705,"end":8951.834},{"text":"object","start":8951.93,"end":8952.331},{"text":"reentering,","start":8952.331,"end":8952.796},{"text":"we","start":8953.55,"end":8953.711},{"text":"can","start":8953.951,"end":8954.112},{"text":"then","start":8954.112,"end":8954.24},{"text":"fine-tune","start":8954.352,"end":8955.042},{"text":"our","start":8955.379,"end":8955.524},{"text":"physical","start":8955.556,"end":8956.021},{"text":"models,","start":8956.021,"end":8956.406},{"text":"come","start":8956.823,"end":8956.935},{"text":"up","start":8956.983,"end":8957.256},{"text":"with","start":8957.32,"end":8957.481},{"text":"a","start":8957.481,"end":8957.497},{"text":"new","start":8957.497,"end":8957.721},{"text":"hypothesis","start":8957.721,"end":8958.395},{"text":"with","start":8958.844,"end":8959.005},{"text":"improved","start":8959.005,"end":8959.39},{"text":"model,","start":8959.39,"end":8959.743},{"text":"and","start":8960.369,"end":8960.433},{"text":"then","start":8960.513,"end":8960.657},{"text":"go","start":8960.673,"end":8960.802},{"text":"again","start":8960.834,"end":8961.139},{"text":"to","start":8961.251,"end":8961.331},{"text":"observe","start":8961.331,"end":8961.46},{"text":"observe","start":8961.492,"end":8961.653},{"text":"the","start":8961.653,"end":8961.734},{"text":"same","start":8961.734,"end":8961.928},{"text":"object","start":8962.041,"end":8962.444},{"text":"and","start":8962.687,"end":8962.784},{"text":"confirm","start":8962.784,"end":8963.252},{"text":"validity","start":8963.268,"end":8963.801},{"text":"of","start":8963.898,"end":8963.995},{"text":"our","start":8963.995,"end":8964.172},{"text":"models,","start":8964.172,"end":8964.527},{"text":"luxury","start":8965.125,"end":8965.528},{"text":"we","start":8965.528,"end":8965.787},{"text":"didn't","start":8965.835,"end":8966.174},{"text":"have","start":8966.239,"end":8966.546},{"text":"before.","start":8967.046,"end":8967.321}]},{"text":"Such opportunity never occurred so far.","start":8968.096,"end":8970.894,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Such","start":8968.096,"end":8968.338},{"text":"opportunity","start":8968.338,"end":8968.839},{"text":"never","start":8968.839,"end":8969.048},{"text":"occurred","start":8969.081,"end":8969.42},{"text":"so","start":8970.439,"end":8970.618},{"text":"far.","start":8970.618,"end":8970.894}]},{"text":"Next slide, please.","start":8971.66,"end":8972.294,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next","start":8971.66,"end":8971.822},{"text":"slide,","start":8971.822,"end":8971.985},{"text":"please.","start":8972.018,"end":8972.294}]},{"text":"Eventually, last September 2024, an opportunity arise.","start":8975.052,"end":8979.206,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Eventually,","start":8975.052,"end":8975.422},{"text":"last","start":8976.163,"end":8976.436},{"text":"September","start":8976.436,"end":8977.145},{"text":"2024,","start":8977.225,"end":8977.982},{"text":"an","start":8978.111,"end":8978.239},{"text":"opportunity","start":8978.272,"end":8978.803},{"text":"arise.","start":8978.835,"end":8979.206}]},{"text":"One of the cluster satellites named Salsa was supposed to reenter into the atmosphere close to Easter Island.","start":8980.268,"end":8986.563,"topics":[{"key":"reentry-safety","label":"Reentry Safety","description":"Several statements focused on the risks posed by spacecraft and rocket bodies reentering the atmosphere, including fragmentation, ground safety, and effects on air and maritime traffic. Speakers described observation campaigns and modeling efforts to improve predictions and support safer spacecraft design and disposal."}],"words":[{"text":"One","start":8980.268,"end":8980.51},{"text":"of","start":8980.51,"end":8980.671},{"text":"the","start":8980.671,"end":8980.767},{"text":"cluster","start":8980.767,"end":8981.073},{"text":"satellites","start":8981.073,"end":8981.749},{"text":"named","start":8981.91,"end":8982.152},{"text":"Salsa","start":8982.152,"end":8982.86},{"text":"was","start":8983.488,"end":8983.536},{"text":"supposed","start":8983.536,"end":8984.003},{"text":"to","start":8984.003,"end":8984.084},{"text":"reenter","start":8984.084,"end":8984.519},{"text":"into","start":8984.535,"end":8984.68},{"text":"the","start":8984.696,"end":8984.796},{"text":"atmosphere","start":8984.796,"end":8985.296},{"text":"close","start":8985.296,"end":8985.596},{"text":"to","start":8985.696,"end":8985.88},{"text":"Easter","start":8985.88,"end":8986.18},{"text":"Island.","start":8986.28,"end":8986.563}]},{"text":"Together with our partners and the European Space Agency, we prepared an airplane to departure from Sydney, Australia, fully equipped with instrumentation to address some of the main scientific questions we had in mind.","start":8987.584,"end":9000.236,"topics":[{"key":"reentry-safety","label":"Reentry Safety","description":"Several statements focused on the risks posed by spacecraft and rocket bodies reentering the atmosphere, including fragmentation, ground safety, and effects on air and maritime traffic. Speakers described observation campaigns and modeling efforts to improve predictions and support safer spacecraft design and disposal."}],"words":[{"text":"Together","start":8987.584,"end":8987.985},{"text":"with","start":8987.985,"end":8988.146},{"text":"our","start":8988.146,"end":8988.386},{"text":"partners","start":8988.386,"end":8988.756},{"text":"and","start":8988.932,"end":8989.013},{"text":"the","start":8989.029,"end":8989.061},{"text":"European","start":8989.093,"end":8989.446},{"text":"Space","start":8989.446,"end":8989.735},{"text":"Agency,","start":8989.815,"end":8990.281},{"text":"we","start":8990.618,"end":8990.715},{"text":"prepared","start":8990.715,"end":8991.116},{"text":"an","start":8991.116,"end":8991.245},{"text":"airplane","start":8991.277,"end":8991.726},{"text":"to","start":8992.465,"end":8992.561},{"text":"departure","start":8992.561,"end":8993.107},{"text":"from","start":8993.107,"end":8993.252},{"text":"Sydney,","start":8993.284,"end":8993.733},{"text":"Australia,","start":8994.087,"end":8994.793},{"text":"fully","start":8995.275,"end":8995.5},{"text":"equipped","start":8995.596,"end":8995.837},{"text":"with","start":8995.837,"end":8996.11},{"text":"instrumentation","start":8996.11,"end":8997.041},{"text":"to","start":8997.041,"end":8997.137},{"text":"address","start":8997.202,"end":8997.426},{"text":"some","start":8997.571,"end":8997.651},{"text":"of","start":8997.715,"end":8997.828},{"text":"the","start":8997.86,"end":8997.94},{"text":"main","start":8997.94,"end":8998.149},{"text":"scientific","start":8998.197,"end":8998.807},{"text":"questions","start":8998.807,"end":8999.353},{"text":"we","start":8999.546,"end":8999.69},{"text":"had","start":8999.69,"end":8999.851},{"text":"in","start":8999.851,"end":8999.915},{"text":"mind.","start":8999.931,"end":9000.236}]},{"text":"In total, we had 26 instruments.","start":9001.135,"end":9003.431,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":9001.135,"end":9001.2},{"text":"total,","start":9001.232,"end":9001.697},{"text":"we","start":9001.858,"end":9001.938},{"text":"had","start":9001.938,"end":9002.051},{"text":"26","start":9002.051,"end":9002.709},{"text":"instruments.","start":9002.837,"end":9003.431}]},{"text":"Each instrument was calibrated and had synchronized time.","start":9003.961,"end":9006.659,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Each","start":9003.961,"end":9004.09},{"text":"instrument","start":9004.202,"end":9004.668},{"text":"was","start":9004.668,"end":9004.732},{"text":"calibrated","start":9004.828,"end":9005.406},{"text":"and","start":9005.406,"end":9005.551},{"text":"had","start":9005.551,"end":9005.712},{"text":"synchronized","start":9005.792,"end":9006.37},{"text":"time.","start":9006.37,"end":9006.659}]},{"text":"4 instruments were Comenius University's, and these are shown in the bottom right part of the slide.","start":9007.317,"end":9015.828,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"4","start":9007.317,"end":9007.526},{"text":"instruments","start":9007.574,"end":9008.232},{"text":"were","start":9008.682,"end":9008.875},{"text":"Comenius","start":9008.923,"end":9009.356},{"text":"University's,","start":9009.356,"end":9010.175},{"text":"and","start":9010.946,"end":9011.01},{"text":"these","start":9011.107,"end":9011.235},{"text":"are","start":9011.412,"end":9011.508},{"text":"shown","start":9011.508,"end":9011.941},{"text":"in","start":9012.054,"end":9012.15},{"text":"the","start":9012.15,"end":9012.295},{"text":"bottom","start":9012.295,"end":9012.68},{"text":"right","start":9012.552,"end":9013.649},{"text":"part","start":9014.085,"end":9014.601},{"text":"of","start":9014.714,"end":9014.86},{"text":"the","start":9014.892,"end":9015.15},{"text":"slide.","start":9015.376,"end":9015.828}]},{"text":"Small interesting part, we were also able to observe the object before it entered the atmosphere.","start":9017.813,"end":9024.702,"topics":[{"key":"reentry-safety","label":"Reentry Safety","description":"Several statements focused on the risks posed by spacecraft and rocket bodies reentering the atmosphere, including fragmentation, ground safety, and effects on air and maritime traffic. Speakers described observation campaigns and modeling efforts to improve predictions and support safer spacecraft design and disposal."}],"words":[{"text":"Small","start":9017.813,"end":9018.265},{"text":"interesting","start":9018.265,"end":9018.814},{"text":"part,","start":9019.233,"end":9019.588},{"text":"we","start":9019.879,"end":9020.04},{"text":"were","start":9020.04,"end":9020.121},{"text":"also","start":9020.202,"end":9020.541},{"text":"able","start":9020.541,"end":9020.799},{"text":"to","start":9020.847,"end":9020.896},{"text":"observe","start":9020.944,"end":9021.428},{"text":"the","start":9021.428,"end":9021.59},{"text":"object","start":9021.59,"end":9021.832},{"text":"before","start":9021.832,"end":9022.27},{"text":"it","start":9022.659,"end":9022.853},{"text":"entered","start":9022.886,"end":9023.242},{"text":"the","start":9023.275,"end":9023.486},{"text":"atmosphere.","start":9023.68,"end":9024.702}]},{"text":"You can see measurements on the upper right corner when we use our 70-centimeter Space Debris Research Telescope situated close to Bratislava capital in Slovakia.","start":9025.139,"end":9036.006,"topics":[{"key":"reentry-safety","label":"Reentry Safety","description":"Several statements focused on the risks posed by spacecraft and rocket bodies reentering the atmosphere, including fragmentation, ground safety, and effects on air and maritime traffic. Speakers described observation campaigns and modeling efforts to improve predictions and support safer spacecraft design and disposal."}],"words":[{"text":"You","start":9025.139,"end":9025.237},{"text":"can","start":9025.237,"end":9025.415},{"text":"see","start":9025.415,"end":9025.658},{"text":"measurements","start":9025.658,"end":9026.274},{"text":"on","start":9026.274,"end":9026.372},{"text":"the","start":9026.372,"end":9026.453},{"text":"upper","start":9026.517,"end":9026.793},{"text":"right","start":9026.923,"end":9027.279},{"text":"corner","start":9027.733,"end":9028.187},{"text":"when","start":9028.479,"end":9028.609},{"text":"we","start":9028.641,"end":9028.868},{"text":"use","start":9028.868,"end":9029.225},{"text":"our","start":9029.274,"end":9029.42},{"text":"70-centimeter","start":9029.42,"end":9030.517},{"text":"Space","start":9030.888,"end":9031.292},{"text":"Debris","start":9031.308,"end":9031.615},{"text":"Research","start":9031.615,"end":9031.922},{"text":"Telescope","start":9031.97,"end":9032.6},{"text":"situated","start":9032.616,"end":9034.149},{"text":"close","start":9034.214,"end":9034.424},{"text":"to","start":9034.456,"end":9034.537},{"text":"Bratislava","start":9034.537,"end":9035.021},{"text":"capital","start":9035.021,"end":9035.441},{"text":"in","start":9035.441,"end":9035.521},{"text":"Slovakia.","start":9035.521,"end":9036.006}]},{"text":"Next slide, please.","start":9037.604,"end":9038.217,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next","start":9037.604,"end":9037.878},{"text":"slide,","start":9037.878,"end":9037.991},{"text":"please.","start":9038.007,"end":9038.217}]},{"text":"Eventually, a group of 8 scientists were on the air when the object was reentering.","start":9041.07,"end":9045.775,"topics":[{"key":"reentry-safety","label":"Reentry Safety","description":"Several statements focused on the risks posed by spacecraft and rocket bodies reentering the atmosphere, including fragmentation, ground safety, and effects on air and maritime traffic. Speakers described observation campaigns and modeling efforts to improve predictions and support safer spacecraft design and disposal."}],"words":[{"text":"Eventually,","start":9041.07,"end":9041.52},{"text":"a","start":9042.05,"end":9042.066},{"text":"group","start":9042.114,"end":9042.435},{"text":"of","start":9042.435,"end":9042.564},{"text":"8","start":9042.74,"end":9042.804},{"text":"scientists","start":9042.853,"end":9043.623},{"text":"were","start":9043.623,"end":9043.8},{"text":"on","start":9043.864,"end":9043.96},{"text":"the","start":9043.96,"end":9044.105},{"text":"air","start":9044.121,"end":9044.297},{"text":"when","start":9044.442,"end":9044.603},{"text":"the","start":9044.603,"end":9044.747},{"text":"object","start":9044.747,"end":9045.068},{"text":"was","start":9045.068,"end":9045.213},{"text":"reentering.","start":9045.245,"end":9045.775}]},{"text":"To actually be able to get to the designated area, we had to coordinate our movement through the Pacific Ocean.","start":9046.224,"end":9052.373,"topics":[{"key":"reentry-safety","label":"Reentry Safety","description":"Several statements focused on the risks posed by spacecraft and rocket bodies reentering the atmosphere, including fragmentation, ground safety, and effects on air and maritime traffic. Speakers described observation campaigns and modeling efforts to improve predictions and support safer spacecraft design and disposal."}],"words":[{"text":"To","start":9046.224,"end":9046.353},{"text":"actually","start":9046.369,"end":9046.69},{"text":"be","start":9046.69,"end":9046.834},{"text":"able","start":9046.834,"end":9047.348},{"text":"to","start":9047.958,"end":9048.167},{"text":"get","start":9048.199,"end":9048.408},{"text":"to","start":9048.456,"end":9048.536},{"text":"the","start":9048.536,"end":9048.681},{"text":"designated","start":9048.681,"end":9049.242},{"text":"area,","start":9049.242,"end":9049.596},{"text":"we","start":9049.804,"end":9049.885},{"text":"had","start":9049.885,"end":9050.013},{"text":"to","start":9050.061,"end":9050.19},{"text":"coordinate","start":9050.206,"end":9050.703},{"text":"our","start":9050.703,"end":9050.864},{"text":"movement","start":9050.864,"end":9051.265},{"text":"through","start":9051.265,"end":9051.49},{"text":"the","start":9051.49,"end":9051.586},{"text":"Pacific","start":9051.586,"end":9052.052},{"text":"Ocean.","start":9052.052,"end":9052.373}]},{"text":"In coordination with the European Space Agency and the Cluster Mission Operations Team, SASA satellite performed an orbital maneuver a few days before reentry to adjust its impact location securing safety on ground.","start":9053.513,"end":9066.761,"topics":[{"key":"reentry-safety","label":"Reentry Safety","description":"Several statements focused on the risks posed by spacecraft and rocket bodies reentering the atmosphere, including fragmentation, ground safety, and effects on air and maritime traffic. Speakers described observation campaigns and modeling efforts to improve predictions and support safer spacecraft design and disposal."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":9053.513,"end":9053.561},{"text":"coordination","start":9053.658,"end":9054.3},{"text":"with","start":9054.3,"end":9054.364},{"text":"the","start":9054.38,"end":9054.476},{"text":"European","start":9054.476,"end":9054.797},{"text":"Space","start":9054.797,"end":9055.103},{"text":"Agency","start":9055.103,"end":9055.504},{"text":"and","start":9055.584,"end":9055.681},{"text":"the","start":9055.681,"end":9055.825},{"text":"Cluster","start":9055.825,"end":9056.242},{"text":"Mission","start":9056.242,"end":9056.628},{"text":"Operations","start":9056.628,"end":9057.254},{"text":"Team,","start":9057.511,"end":9057.72},{"text":"SASA","start":9058.346,"end":9058.731},{"text":"satellite","start":9058.731,"end":9059.293},{"text":"performed","start":9059.293,"end":9059.694},{"text":"an","start":9059.694,"end":9059.791},{"text":"orbital","start":9059.871,"end":9060.208},{"text":"maneuver","start":9060.208,"end":9060.642},{"text":"a","start":9060.642,"end":9060.658},{"text":"few","start":9060.658,"end":9061.075},{"text":"days","start":9061.123,"end":9061.348},{"text":"before","start":9061.525,"end":9061.814},{"text":"reentry","start":9061.862,"end":9062.311},{"text":"to","start":9063.05,"end":9063.114},{"text":"adjust","start":9063.146,"end":9063.596},{"text":"its","start":9063.692,"end":9063.853},{"text":"impact","start":9063.853,"end":9064.142},{"text":"location","start":9064.142,"end":9064.703},{"text":"securing","start":9065.039,"end":9065.49},{"text":"safety","start":9065.57,"end":9066.198},{"text":"on","start":9066.311,"end":9066.359},{"text":"ground.","start":9066.455,"end":9066.761}]},{"text":"ESA was also responsible for securing the air and maritime traffic.","start":9067.743,"end":9071.444,"topics":[{"key":"reentry-safety","label":"Reentry Safety","description":"Several statements focused on the risks posed by spacecraft and rocket bodies reentering the atmosphere, including fragmentation, ground safety, and effects on air and maritime traffic. Speakers described observation campaigns and modeling efforts to improve predictions and support safer spacecraft design and disposal."}],"words":[{"text":"ESA","start":9067.743,"end":9068.065},{"text":"was","start":9068.065,"end":9068.21},{"text":"also","start":9068.306,"end":9068.499},{"text":"responsible","start":9068.499,"end":9069.127},{"text":"for","start":9069.127,"end":9069.288},{"text":"securing","start":9069.288,"end":9069.819},{"text":"the","start":9069.851,"end":9070.076},{"text":"air","start":9070.076,"end":9070.189},{"text":"and","start":9070.398,"end":9070.479},{"text":"maritime","start":9070.495,"end":9070.913},{"text":"traffic.","start":9070.978,"end":9071.444}]},{"text":"Eventually, the object itself re-entered the atmosphere on September 8th, 2024, around local noon.","start":9072.512,"end":9078.669,"topics":[{"key":"reentry-safety","label":"Reentry Safety","description":"Several statements focused on the risks posed by spacecraft and rocket bodies reentering the atmosphere, including fragmentation, ground safety, and effects on air and maritime traffic. Speakers described observation campaigns and modeling efforts to improve predictions and support safer spacecraft design and disposal."}],"words":[{"text":"Eventually,","start":9072.512,"end":9072.978},{"text":"the","start":9073.058,"end":9073.155},{"text":"object","start":9073.235,"end":9073.573},{"text":"itself","start":9073.573,"end":9074.232},{"text":"re-entered","start":9074.28,"end":9074.762},{"text":"the","start":9074.762,"end":9074.827},{"text":"atmosphere","start":9074.907,"end":9075.325},{"text":"on","start":9075.325,"end":9075.405},{"text":"September","start":9075.405,"end":9075.807},{"text":"8th,","start":9075.952,"end":9076.097},{"text":"2024,","start":9076.129,"end":9077.045},{"text":"around","start":9077.881,"end":9078.138},{"text":"local","start":9078.138,"end":9078.46},{"text":"noon.","start":9078.46,"end":9078.669}]},{"text":"Because of that, we had to conduct observations during daylight, which was the first time in history and was quite challenging.","start":9079.344,"end":9085.526,"topics":[{"key":"reentry-safety","label":"Reentry Safety","description":"Several statements focused on the risks posed by spacecraft and rocket bodies reentering the atmosphere, including fragmentation, ground safety, and effects on air and maritime traffic. Speakers described observation campaigns and modeling efforts to improve predictions and support safer spacecraft design and disposal."}],"words":[{"text":"Because","start":9079.344,"end":9079.585},{"text":"of","start":9079.585,"end":9079.698},{"text":"that,","start":9079.73,"end":9080.035},{"text":"we","start":9080.309,"end":9080.389},{"text":"had","start":9080.389,"end":9080.55},{"text":"to","start":9080.55,"end":9080.678},{"text":"conduct","start":9080.694,"end":9081.016},{"text":"observations","start":9081.016,"end":9081.485},{"text":"during","start":9081.598,"end":9081.792},{"text":"daylight,","start":9081.841,"end":9082.39},{"text":"which","start":9082.568,"end":9082.714},{"text":"was","start":9082.714,"end":9082.859},{"text":"the","start":9082.875,"end":9082.956},{"text":"first","start":9082.956,"end":9083.28},{"text":"time","start":9083.28,"end":9083.635},{"text":"in","start":9083.635,"end":9083.732},{"text":"history","start":9083.845,"end":9084.233},{"text":"and","start":9084.573,"end":9084.654},{"text":"was","start":9084.654,"end":9084.767},{"text":"quite","start":9084.831,"end":9085.074},{"text":"challenging.","start":9085.074,"end":9085.526}]},{"text":"Next slide, please.","start":9086.205,"end":9086.9,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next","start":9086.205,"end":9086.351},{"text":"slide,","start":9086.351,"end":9086.577},{"text":"please.","start":9086.609,"end":9086.9}]},{"text":"Eventually, We were able to capture the object.","start":9089.56,"end":9092.527,"topics":[{"key":"reentry-safety","label":"Reentry Safety","description":"Several statements focused on the risks posed by spacecraft and rocket bodies reentering the atmosphere, including fragmentation, ground safety, and effects on air and maritime traffic. Speakers described observation campaigns and modeling efforts to improve predictions and support safer spacecraft design and disposal."}],"words":[{"text":"Eventually,","start":9089.56,"end":9090.114},{"text":"We","start":9090.824,"end":9090.904},{"text":"were","start":9090.904,"end":9091.049},{"text":"able","start":9091.049,"end":9091.322},{"text":"to","start":9091.37,"end":9091.466},{"text":"capture","start":9091.466,"end":9091.788},{"text":"the","start":9091.788,"end":9091.932},{"text":"object.","start":9092.013,"end":9092.527}]},{"text":"On the right-hand side, you can see the screenshot of the view we had during the recording.","start":9092.977,"end":9096.657,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"On","start":9092.977,"end":9093.025},{"text":"the","start":9093.073,"end":9093.154},{"text":"right-hand","start":9093.154,"end":9093.555},{"text":"side,","start":9093.555,"end":9093.764},{"text":"you","start":9093.893,"end":9094.005},{"text":"can","start":9094.021,"end":9094.134},{"text":"see","start":9094.134,"end":9094.295},{"text":"the","start":9094.295,"end":9094.423},{"text":"screenshot","start":9094.423,"end":9094.921},{"text":"of","start":9094.921,"end":9095.066},{"text":"the","start":9095.066,"end":9095.146},{"text":"view","start":9095.146,"end":9095.291},{"text":"we","start":9095.403,"end":9095.484},{"text":"had","start":9095.484,"end":9095.757},{"text":"during","start":9095.789,"end":9096.014},{"text":"the","start":9096.126,"end":9096.191},{"text":"recording.","start":9096.191,"end":9096.657}]},{"text":"You see the moon in the upper right upper corner and the event itself in the left lower corner, slightly above the clouds.","start":9097.171,"end":9104.45,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"You","start":9097.171,"end":9097.267},{"text":"see","start":9097.315,"end":9097.492},{"text":"the","start":9097.492,"end":9097.605},{"text":"moon","start":9097.605,"end":9098.006},{"text":"in","start":9098.039,"end":9098.103},{"text":"the","start":9098.135,"end":9098.28},{"text":"upper","start":9098.28,"end":9098.569},{"text":"right","start":9099.26,"end":9099.501},{"text":"upper","start":9099.501,"end":9099.726},{"text":"corner","start":9099.726,"end":9100.144},{"text":"and","start":9100.144,"end":9100.304},{"text":"the","start":9100.304,"end":9100.433},{"text":"event","start":9100.465,"end":9100.69},{"text":"itself","start":9100.69,"end":9101.027},{"text":"in","start":9101.027,"end":9101.076},{"text":"the","start":9101.108,"end":9101.188},{"text":"left","start":9101.188,"end":9101.67},{"text":"lower","start":9101.815,"end":9102.136},{"text":"corner,","start":9102.136,"end":9102.425},{"text":"slightly","start":9102.731,"end":9103.116},{"text":"above","start":9103.116,"end":9103.277},{"text":"the","start":9103.277,"end":9103.357},{"text":"clouds.","start":9103.422,"end":9104.45}]},{"text":"The object was observed for more than 40 seconds, which was a large part of the period when the object was emitting the light and was detectable from air.","start":9105.205,"end":9113.545,"topics":[{"key":"reentry-safety","label":"Reentry Safety","description":"Several statements focused on the risks posed by spacecraft and rocket bodies reentering the atmosphere, including fragmentation, ground safety, and effects on air and maritime traffic. Speakers described observation campaigns and modeling efforts to improve predictions and support safer spacecraft design and disposal."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":9105.205,"end":9105.334},{"text":"object","start":9105.35,"end":9105.607},{"text":"was","start":9105.607,"end":9105.768},{"text":"observed","start":9105.784,"end":9106.266},{"text":"for","start":9106.266,"end":9106.41},{"text":"more","start":9106.41,"end":9106.667},{"text":"than","start":9106.667,"end":9106.78},{"text":"40","start":9106.973,"end":9107.23},{"text":"seconds,","start":9107.23,"end":9107.664},{"text":"which","start":9107.937,"end":9108.098},{"text":"was","start":9108.098,"end":9108.226},{"text":"a","start":9108.258,"end":9108.323},{"text":"large","start":9108.323,"end":9108.548},{"text":"part","start":9108.58,"end":9108.901},{"text":"of","start":9108.901,"end":9108.965},{"text":"the","start":9108.965,"end":9109.062},{"text":"period","start":9109.062,"end":9109.447},{"text":"when","start":9109.447,"end":9109.544},{"text":"the","start":9109.544,"end":9109.721},{"text":"object","start":9109.721,"end":9110.026},{"text":"was","start":9110.026,"end":9110.154},{"text":"emitting","start":9110.331,"end":9110.62},{"text":"the","start":9110.669,"end":9110.813},{"text":"light","start":9110.813,"end":9111.247},{"text":"and","start":9111.713,"end":9111.777},{"text":"was","start":9111.858,"end":9112.002},{"text":"detectable","start":9112.018,"end":9112.645},{"text":"from","start":9112.902,"end":9113.047},{"text":"air.","start":9113.384,"end":9113.545}]},{"text":"In total, 17 from 20 6 instruments were able to capture the event.","start":9114.364,"end":9118.279,"topics":[{"key":"reentry-safety","label":"Reentry Safety","description":"Several statements focused on the risks posed by spacecraft and rocket bodies reentering the atmosphere, including fragmentation, ground safety, and effects on air and maritime traffic. Speakers described observation campaigns and modeling efforts to improve predictions and support safer spacecraft design and disposal."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":9114.364,"end":9114.413},{"text":"total,","start":9114.509,"end":9114.846},{"text":"17","start":9114.863,"end":9115.473},{"text":"from","start":9115.473,"end":9115.666},{"text":"20","start":9115.666,"end":9115.971},{"text":"6","start":9116.02,"end":9116.228},{"text":"instruments","start":9116.308,"end":9116.917},{"text":"were","start":9116.917,"end":9116.997},{"text":"able","start":9117.013,"end":9117.253},{"text":"to","start":9117.253,"end":9117.382},{"text":"capture","start":9117.398,"end":9117.718},{"text":"the","start":9117.718,"end":9117.878},{"text":"event.","start":9117.878,"end":9118.279}]},{"text":"And on the left-hand side, you can see the chart which is showing you how the object was behaving or its brightness during the reentry captured by one of our instruments from Comenius University.","start":9118.696,"end":9128.599,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":9118.696,"end":9118.76},{"text":"on","start":9118.856,"end":9118.968},{"text":"the","start":9119,"end":9119.096},{"text":"left-hand","start":9119.096,"end":9120.058},{"text":"side,","start":9120.058,"end":9120.426},{"text":"you","start":9120.442,"end":9120.539},{"text":"can","start":9120.539,"end":9120.651},{"text":"see","start":9120.683,"end":9120.795},{"text":"the","start":9120.795,"end":9120.939},{"text":"chart","start":9120.939,"end":9121.34},{"text":"which","start":9121.34,"end":9121.452},{"text":"is","start":9121.5,"end":9121.564},{"text":"showing","start":9121.564,"end":9121.869},{"text":"you","start":9121.965,"end":9122.077},{"text":"how","start":9122.686,"end":9122.814},{"text":"the","start":9122.878,"end":9123.022},{"text":"object","start":9123.022,"end":9123.263},{"text":"was","start":9123.263,"end":9123.391},{"text":"behaving","start":9123.439,"end":9123.872},{"text":"or","start":9124.048,"end":9124.128},{"text":"its","start":9124.128,"end":9124.224},{"text":"brightness","start":9124.224,"end":9124.817},{"text":"during","start":9124.945,"end":9125.234},{"text":"the","start":9125.266,"end":9125.362},{"text":"reentry","start":9125.362,"end":9125.907},{"text":"captured","start":9125.907,"end":9126.179},{"text":"by","start":9126.179,"end":9126.259},{"text":"one","start":9126.291,"end":9126.42},{"text":"of","start":9126.468,"end":9126.564},{"text":"our","start":9126.692,"end":9126.836},{"text":"instruments","start":9126.852,"end":9127.493},{"text":"from","start":9127.493,"end":9127.589},{"text":"Comenius","start":9127.654,"end":9128.054},{"text":"University.","start":9128.054,"end":9128.599}]},{"text":"On the upper animation, you could see modeling of the object during the reentry.","start":9129.577,"end":9135.009,"topics":[{"key":"reentry-safety","label":"Reentry Safety","description":"Several statements focused on the risks posed by spacecraft and rocket bodies reentering the atmosphere, including fragmentation, ground safety, and effects on air and maritime traffic. Speakers described observation campaigns and modeling efforts to improve predictions and support safer spacecraft design and disposal."}],"words":[{"text":"On","start":9129.577,"end":9129.625},{"text":"the","start":9129.657,"end":9129.737},{"text":"upper","start":9129.817,"end":9130.089},{"text":"animation,","start":9130.634,"end":9131.179},{"text":"you","start":9131.195,"end":9131.275},{"text":"could","start":9131.355,"end":9131.451},{"text":"see","start":9131.451,"end":9131.852},{"text":"modeling","start":9132.493,"end":9132.926},{"text":"of","start":9133.102,"end":9133.214},{"text":"the","start":9133.214,"end":9133.358},{"text":"object","start":9133.358,"end":9133.871},{"text":"during","start":9134.16,"end":9134.432},{"text":"the","start":9134.48,"end":9134.544},{"text":"reentry.","start":9134.544,"end":9135.009}]},{"text":"We have seen several different fragmentation events happening during the reentry, which is aligned with the model.","start":9136.067,"end":9141.675,"topics":[{"key":"reentry-safety","label":"Reentry Safety","description":"Several statements focused on the risks posed by spacecraft and rocket bodies reentering the atmosphere, including fragmentation, ground safety, and effects on air and maritime traffic. Speakers described observation campaigns and modeling efforts to improve predictions and support safer spacecraft design and disposal."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":9136.067,"end":9136.163},{"text":"have","start":9136.163,"end":9136.291},{"text":"seen","start":9136.387,"end":9136.643},{"text":"several","start":9136.643,"end":9137.108},{"text":"different","start":9137.108,"end":9137.477},{"text":"fragmentation","start":9137.509,"end":9138.374},{"text":"events","start":9138.47,"end":9138.791},{"text":"happening","start":9138.791,"end":9139.175},{"text":"during","start":9139.207,"end":9139.448},{"text":"the","start":9139.528,"end":9139.608},{"text":"reentry,","start":9139.913,"end":9140.313},{"text":"which","start":9140.329,"end":9140.57},{"text":"is","start":9140.57,"end":9140.698},{"text":"aligned","start":9140.874,"end":9141.195},{"text":"with","start":9141.195,"end":9141.275},{"text":"the","start":9141.275,"end":9141.371},{"text":"model.","start":9141.371,"end":9141.675}]},{"text":"But there are creation of fragmentation tail which model does not fully cover at the moment.","start":9142.093,"end":9146.677,"topics":[{"key":"reentry-safety","label":"Reentry Safety","description":"Several statements focused on the risks posed by spacecraft and rocket bodies reentering the atmosphere, including fragmentation, ground safety, and effects on air and maritime traffic. Speakers described observation campaigns and modeling efforts to improve predictions and support safer spacecraft design and disposal."}],"words":[{"text":"But","start":9142.093,"end":9142.238},{"text":"there","start":9142.238,"end":9142.334},{"text":"are","start":9142.334,"end":9142.656},{"text":"creation","start":9143.042,"end":9143.476},{"text":"of","start":9143.525,"end":9143.573},{"text":"fragmentation","start":9143.621,"end":9144.152},{"text":"tail","start":9144.248,"end":9144.377},{"text":"which","start":9144.57,"end":9144.812},{"text":"model","start":9144.828,"end":9145.23},{"text":"does","start":9145.23,"end":9145.358},{"text":"not","start":9145.407,"end":9145.632},{"text":"fully","start":9145.696,"end":9145.841},{"text":"cover","start":9145.938,"end":9146.211},{"text":"at","start":9146.211,"end":9146.34},{"text":"the","start":9146.34,"end":9146.404},{"text":"moment.","start":9146.404,"end":9146.677}]},{"text":"So this is something being investigated at the moment.","start":9146.935,"end":9149.026,"topics":[{"key":"reentry-safety","label":"Reentry Safety","description":"Several statements focused on the risks posed by spacecraft and rocket bodies reentering the atmosphere, including fragmentation, ground safety, and effects on air and maritime traffic. Speakers described observation campaigns and modeling efforts to improve predictions and support safer spacecraft design and disposal."}],"words":[{"text":"So","start":9146.935,"end":9147.08},{"text":"this","start":9147.08,"end":9147.16},{"text":"is","start":9147.16,"end":9147.208},{"text":"something","start":9147.321,"end":9147.578},{"text":"being","start":9147.627,"end":9147.771},{"text":"investigated","start":9147.868,"end":9148.511},{"text":"at","start":9148.527,"end":9148.608},{"text":"the","start":9148.608,"end":9148.672},{"text":"moment.","start":9148.672,"end":9149.026}]},{"text":"Next slide, please.","start":9149.76,"end":9150.248,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next","start":9149.76,"end":9149.906},{"text":"slide,","start":9149.906,"end":9150.004},{"text":"please.","start":9150.02,"end":9150.248}]},{"text":"Even we are happy with the results of the Rosetta/Salazar campaign, this is not the end.","start":9152.138,"end":9155.755,"topics":[{"key":"asteroid-deflection","label":"Asteroid Deflection and Mitigation Missions","description":"Speakers discussed missions and technologies intended to understand or demonstrate how dangerous asteroids could be deflected. DART, Hera, and planned Apophis-related missions were presented as key steps in developing practical mitigation options."}],"words":[{"text":"Even","start":9152.138,"end":9152.334},{"text":"we","start":9152.334,"end":9152.48},{"text":"are","start":9152.48,"end":9152.562},{"text":"happy","start":9152.562,"end":9152.806},{"text":"with","start":9152.806,"end":9152.888},{"text":"the","start":9152.888,"end":9152.986},{"text":"results","start":9152.986,"end":9153.36},{"text":"of","start":9153.36,"end":9153.474},{"text":"the","start":9153.474,"end":9153.54},{"text":"Rosetta/Salazar","start":9153.54,"end":9154.273},{"text":"campaign,","start":9154.273,"end":9154.81},{"text":"this","start":9154.924,"end":9155.071},{"text":"is","start":9155.071,"end":9155.136},{"text":"not","start":9155.169,"end":9155.283},{"text":"the","start":9155.332,"end":9155.462},{"text":"end.","start":9155.478,"end":9155.755}]},{"text":"We would like to achieve to be more prepared in the next mission and using lessons learned from this mission to prepare ourselves better for next missions.","start":9156.32,"end":9164.376,"topics":[{"key":"asteroid-deflection","label":"Asteroid Deflection and Mitigation Missions","description":"Speakers discussed missions and technologies intended to understand or demonstrate how dangerous asteroids could be deflected. DART, Hera, and planned Apophis-related missions were presented as key steps in developing practical mitigation options."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":9156.32,"end":9156.4},{"text":"would","start":9156.416,"end":9156.513},{"text":"like","start":9156.513,"end":9156.674},{"text":"to","start":9156.674,"end":9156.819},{"text":"achieve","start":9156.819,"end":9157.206},{"text":"to","start":9157.786,"end":9157.882},{"text":"be","start":9157.882,"end":9157.979},{"text":"more","start":9157.979,"end":9158.156},{"text":"prepared","start":9158.285,"end":9158.688},{"text":"in","start":9158.688,"end":9158.736},{"text":"the","start":9158.769,"end":9158.817},{"text":"next","start":9158.849,"end":9159.236},{"text":"mission","start":9159.236,"end":9159.623},{"text":"and","start":9159.8,"end":9160.122},{"text":"using","start":9160.122,"end":9160.348},{"text":"lessons","start":9160.444,"end":9160.783},{"text":"learned","start":9160.783,"end":9160.944},{"text":"from","start":9160.944,"end":9161.105},{"text":"this","start":9161.17,"end":9161.347},{"text":"mission","start":9161.347,"end":9161.637},{"text":"to","start":9162.007,"end":9162.136},{"text":"prepare","start":9162.136,"end":9162.426},{"text":"ourselves","start":9162.62,"end":9163.248},{"text":"better","start":9163.345,"end":9163.587},{"text":"for","start":9163.587,"end":9163.748},{"text":"next","start":9163.748,"end":9164.006},{"text":"missions.","start":9164.006,"end":9164.376}]},{"text":"Next opportunity windows are for Callisto.","start":9164.975,"end":9167.594,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next","start":9164.975,"end":9165.172},{"text":"opportunity","start":9165.205,"end":9165.782},{"text":"windows","start":9165.798,"end":9166.177},{"text":"are","start":9166.358,"end":9166.539},{"text":"for","start":9166.539,"end":9166.737},{"text":"Callisto.","start":9167.347,"end":9167.594}]},{"text":"satellites in October this year, and for 2 other satellites in 2026.","start":9167.712,"end":9173.192,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"satellites","start":9167.712,"end":9168.387},{"text":"in","start":9168.435,"end":9168.563},{"text":"October","start":9168.997,"end":9169.48},{"text":"this","start":9169.48,"end":9169.64},{"text":"year,","start":9169.64,"end":9169.833},{"text":"and","start":9170.042,"end":9170.315},{"text":"for","start":9170.508,"end":9170.685},{"text":"2","start":9170.685,"end":9170.83},{"text":"other","start":9170.91,"end":9171.022},{"text":"satellites","start":9171.022,"end":9171.714},{"text":"in","start":9171.714,"end":9171.762},{"text":"2026.","start":9172.196,"end":9173.192}]},{"text":"Very important context of airborne campaigns is ESA Draco mission, which will be launched in next years.","start":9174.462,"end":9180.063,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Very","start":9174.462,"end":9174.703},{"text":"important","start":9174.703,"end":9175.089},{"text":"context","start":9175.089,"end":9175.442},{"text":"of","start":9175.442,"end":9175.555},{"text":"airborne","start":9175.651,"end":9175.828},{"text":"campaigns","start":9175.828,"end":9176.278},{"text":"is","start":9176.31,"end":9176.439},{"text":"ESA","start":9176.6,"end":9176.648},{"text":"Draco","start":9176.712,"end":9177.018},{"text":"mission,","start":9177.018,"end":9177.405},{"text":"which","start":9177.679,"end":9177.775},{"text":"will","start":9177.84,"end":9178.033},{"text":"be","start":9178.565,"end":9178.71},{"text":"launched","start":9178.71,"end":9179.209},{"text":"in","start":9179.209,"end":9179.434},{"text":"next","start":9179.434,"end":9179.756},{"text":"years.","start":9179.756,"end":9180.063}]},{"text":"This mission was designed actually to demise in the atmosphere, and thanks to this mission, we will model reentry events and try to understand them.","start":9181.383,"end":9190.549,"topics":[{"key":"reentry-safety","label":"Reentry Safety","description":"Several statements focused on the risks posed by spacecraft and rocket bodies reentering the atmosphere, including fragmentation, ground safety, and effects on air and maritime traffic. Speakers described observation campaigns and modeling efforts to improve predictions and support safer spacecraft design and disposal."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":9181.383,"end":9181.56},{"text":"mission","start":9181.56,"end":9181.802},{"text":"was","start":9181.85,"end":9181.947},{"text":"designed","start":9181.947,"end":9182.334},{"text":"actually","start":9182.334,"end":9182.72},{"text":"to","start":9182.752,"end":9182.994},{"text":"demise","start":9183.075,"end":9183.445},{"text":"in","start":9183.493,"end":9183.542},{"text":"the","start":9183.558,"end":9183.638},{"text":"atmosphere,","start":9183.638,"end":9184.154},{"text":"and","start":9184.347,"end":9184.701},{"text":"thanks","start":9184.766,"end":9184.943},{"text":"to","start":9184.943,"end":9185.023},{"text":"this","start":9185.023,"end":9185.185},{"text":"mission,","start":9185.185,"end":9185.474},{"text":"we","start":9185.571,"end":9185.62},{"text":"will","start":9185.62,"end":9185.7},{"text":"model","start":9186.282,"end":9186.573},{"text":"reentry","start":9186.961,"end":9187.349},{"text":"events","start":9187.413,"end":9187.753},{"text":"and","start":9187.753,"end":9187.817},{"text":"try","start":9187.914,"end":9189.854},{"text":"to","start":9189.854,"end":9189.951},{"text":"understand","start":9189.999,"end":9190.452},{"text":"them.","start":9190.484,"end":9190.549}]},{"text":"For all these upcoming experiments, We would like to reach out to you, distinguished delegates, and kindly invite you to consider to join us with these missions which we plan to conduct in the close future.","start":9191.793,"end":9203.955,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"For","start":9191.793,"end":9191.955},{"text":"all","start":9192.02,"end":9192.197},{"text":"these","start":9192.197,"end":9192.407},{"text":"upcoming","start":9192.601,"end":9192.973},{"text":"experiments,","start":9193.005,"end":9193.587},{"text":"We","start":9193.825,"end":9193.971},{"text":"would","start":9193.971,"end":9194.068},{"text":"like","start":9194.068,"end":9194.296},{"text":"to","start":9194.296,"end":9194.328},{"text":"reach","start":9194.328,"end":9194.556},{"text":"out","start":9194.556,"end":9194.783},{"text":"to","start":9194.783,"end":9194.865},{"text":"you,","start":9194.865,"end":9194.962},{"text":"distinguished","start":9195.044,"end":9195.564},{"text":"delegates,","start":9195.564,"end":9195.97},{"text":"and","start":9196.263,"end":9196.409},{"text":"kindly","start":9196.458,"end":9196.734},{"text":"invite","start":9196.734,"end":9197.043},{"text":"you","start":9197.075,"end":9197.221},{"text":"to","start":9197.221,"end":9197.416},{"text":"consider","start":9198.375,"end":9198.847},{"text":"to","start":9198.847,"end":9198.944},{"text":"join","start":9198.944,"end":9199.237},{"text":"us","start":9199.334,"end":9199.464},{"text":"with","start":9199.676,"end":9199.854},{"text":"these","start":9199.854,"end":9199.968},{"text":"missions","start":9200.563,"end":9201.015},{"text":"which","start":9201.936,"end":9202.114},{"text":"we","start":9202.114,"end":9202.259},{"text":"plan","start":9202.259,"end":9202.534},{"text":"to","start":9202.663,"end":9202.744},{"text":"conduct","start":9202.744,"end":9203.212},{"text":"in","start":9203.212,"end":9203.261},{"text":"the","start":9203.293,"end":9203.374},{"text":"close","start":9203.374,"end":9203.568},{"text":"future.","start":9203.632,"end":9203.955}]},{"text":"And with that, I thank you very much for your kind attention.","start":9204.278,"end":9206.556,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":9204.278,"end":9204.343},{"text":"with","start":9204.359,"end":9204.521},{"text":"that,","start":9204.521,"end":9204.747},{"text":"I","start":9204.828,"end":9204.925},{"text":"thank","start":9204.925,"end":9205.167},{"text":"you","start":9205.167,"end":9205.248},{"text":"very","start":9205.248,"end":9205.409},{"text":"much","start":9205.409,"end":9205.716},{"text":"for","start":9205.716,"end":9205.797},{"text":"your","start":9205.797,"end":9206.023},{"text":"kind","start":9206.136,"end":9206.314},{"text":"attention.","start":9206.314,"end":9206.556}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"SVK","affiliation_full":"Slovakia","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":47,"start":9209.81,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1a/k1ad4k1m9e?t=9210","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of Slovakia for the presentation.","start":9209.81,"end":9212.898,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":9209.81,"end":9209.842},{"text":"thank","start":9209.842,"end":9210.086},{"text":"the","start":9210.086,"end":9210.232},{"text":"distinguished","start":9210.232,"end":9210.736},{"text":"representative","start":9210.736,"end":9211.468},{"text":"of","start":9211.468,"end":9211.565},{"text":"Slovakia","start":9211.565,"end":9212.118},{"text":"for","start":9212.118,"end":9212.346},{"text":"the","start":9212.346,"end":9212.427},{"text":"presentation.","start":9212.427,"end":9212.898}]},{"text":"The second presentation on my list is on VGOS, the VLBI Global Observing System by the representative of Germany.","start":9215.526,"end":9224.123,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":9215.526,"end":9215.574},{"text":"second","start":9215.606,"end":9215.881},{"text":"presentation","start":9215.913,"end":9216.64},{"text":"on","start":9216.883,"end":9216.947},{"text":"my","start":9216.98,"end":9217.141},{"text":"list","start":9217.141,"end":9217.464},{"text":"is","start":9217.464,"end":9217.513},{"text":"on","start":9217.61,"end":9217.82},{"text":"VGOS,","start":9217.852,"end":9218.611},{"text":"the","start":9219.08,"end":9219.338},{"text":"VLBI","start":9219.55,"end":9220.268},{"text":"Global","start":9220.382,"end":9220.725},{"text":"Observing","start":9220.725,"end":9221.346},{"text":"System","start":9221.64,"end":9222.081},{"text":"by","start":9222.522,"end":9222.669},{"text":"the","start":9222.669,"end":9222.767},{"text":"representative","start":9222.767,"end":9223.486},{"text":"of","start":9223.486,"end":9223.633},{"text":"Germany.","start":9223.665,"end":9224.123}]},{"text":"You have the floor.","start":9224.466,"end":9225.282,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"You","start":9224.466,"end":9224.564},{"text":"have","start":9224.564,"end":9224.776},{"text":"the","start":9224.809,"end":9224.841},{"text":"floor.","start":9224.89,"end":9225.282}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"COPUOS","affiliation_full":"COPUOS","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":48,"start":9227.67,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1a/k1ad4k1m9e?t=9228","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Dear Chair, dear delegates, I'm honored to have the opportunity to present Vigos, the VLBI Global Observing System, to you.","start":9227.67,"end":9234.407,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Dear","start":9227.67,"end":9227.766},{"text":"Chair,","start":9227.766,"end":9228.089},{"text":"dear","start":9228.169,"end":9228.363},{"text":"delegates,","start":9228.492,"end":9229.152},{"text":"I'm","start":9229.314,"end":9229.539},{"text":"honored","start":9229.539,"end":9229.749},{"text":"to","start":9229.781,"end":9230.023},{"text":"have","start":9230.023,"end":9230.184},{"text":"the","start":9230.184,"end":9230.264},{"text":"opportunity","start":9230.264,"end":9230.893},{"text":"to","start":9230.925,"end":9231.086},{"text":"present","start":9231.086,"end":9231.489},{"text":"Vigos,","start":9231.489,"end":9231.86},{"text":"the","start":9232.215,"end":9232.295},{"text":"VLBI","start":9232.295,"end":9232.811},{"text":"Global","start":9232.94,"end":9233.278},{"text":"Observing","start":9233.278,"end":9233.714},{"text":"System,","start":9233.746,"end":9234.084},{"text":"to","start":9234.133,"end":9234.229},{"text":"you.","start":9234.229,"end":9234.407}]},{"text":"I give this presentation on behalf of the IVS, and I hope there will be some slides soon.","start":9235.422,"end":9240.734,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":9235.422,"end":9235.519},{"text":"give","start":9235.519,"end":9235.632},{"text":"this","start":9235.68,"end":9235.89},{"text":"presentation","start":9235.89,"end":9236.593},{"text":"on","start":9237.624,"end":9237.772},{"text":"behalf","start":9237.804,"end":9238.295},{"text":"of","start":9238.295,"end":9238.443},{"text":"the","start":9238.443,"end":9238.508},{"text":"IVS,","start":9238.541,"end":9238.917},{"text":"and","start":9239.114,"end":9239.212},{"text":"I","start":9239.212,"end":9239.245},{"text":"hope","start":9239.245,"end":9239.441},{"text":"there","start":9239.441,"end":9239.588},{"text":"will","start":9239.588,"end":9239.67},{"text":"be","start":9239.687,"end":9239.801},{"text":"some","start":9239.85,"end":9240.096},{"text":"slides","start":9240.096,"end":9240.505},{"text":"soon.","start":9240.505,"end":9240.734}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Rüdiger Haas","affiliation":"IVS","affiliation_full":"IVS","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":49,"start":9243.94,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1a/k1ad4k1m9e?t=9244","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you.","start":9243.94,"end":9244.236,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":9243.94,"end":9244.137},{"text":"you.","start":9244.137,"end":9244.236}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":null,"affiliation_full":null,"group":null,"function":null}},{"statement_number":50,"start":9245.376,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1a/k1ad4k1m9e?t=9246","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Which is the International VLBIs Service for Geodesy and Astrometry.","start":9245.376,"end":9250.366,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Which","start":9245.376,"end":9245.619},{"text":"is","start":9245.619,"end":9245.667},{"text":"the","start":9245.781,"end":9246.04},{"text":"International","start":9246.575,"end":9247.433},{"text":"VLBIs","start":9247.482,"end":9247.919},{"text":"Service","start":9247.984,"end":9248.454},{"text":"for","start":9248.454,"end":9248.632},{"text":"Geodesy","start":9248.681,"end":9249.15},{"text":"and","start":9249.345,"end":9249.669},{"text":"Astrometry.","start":9249.669,"end":9250.366}]},{"text":"My name is Rüdiger Haas, and I'm the current chair of the IVS directing board.","start":9250.787,"end":9254.359,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"My","start":9250.787,"end":9250.9},{"text":"name","start":9250.9,"end":9251.143},{"text":"is","start":9251.143,"end":9251.208},{"text":"Rüdiger","start":9251.208,"end":9251.483},{"text":"Haas,","start":9251.483,"end":9251.743},{"text":"and","start":9251.856,"end":9251.937},{"text":"I'm","start":9251.937,"end":9252.067},{"text":"the","start":9252.099,"end":9252.196},{"text":"current","start":9252.261,"end":9252.504},{"text":"chair","start":9252.569,"end":9252.844},{"text":"of","start":9252.909,"end":9253.055},{"text":"the","start":9253.055,"end":9253.12},{"text":"IVS","start":9253.12,"end":9253.442},{"text":"directing","start":9253.538,"end":9253.925},{"text":"board.","start":9254.037,"end":9254.359}]},{"text":"Next slide, please.","start":9255.149,"end":9255.857,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next","start":9255.149,"end":9255.358},{"text":"slide,","start":9255.358,"end":9255.583},{"text":"please.","start":9255.648,"end":9255.857}]},{"text":"Let me introduce you to the IVS.","start":9257.741,"end":9259.287,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Let","start":9257.741,"end":9257.902},{"text":"me","start":9257.902,"end":9257.983},{"text":"introduce","start":9257.983,"end":9258.45},{"text":"you","start":9258.45,"end":9258.498},{"text":"to","start":9258.611,"end":9258.723},{"text":"the","start":9258.723,"end":9258.917},{"text":"IVS.","start":9258.933,"end":9259.287}]},{"text":"The International VLBIs Service for Geodesy and Astrometry is an international collaboration of organizations which operate or support very long baseline interferometry components.","start":9259.513,"end":9270.355,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":9259.513,"end":9259.754},{"text":"International","start":9259.835,"end":9260.511},{"text":"VLBIs","start":9260.511,"end":9260.817},{"text":"Service","start":9260.817,"end":9261.397},{"text":"for","start":9261.429,"end":9261.558},{"text":"Geodesy","start":9261.992,"end":9262.459},{"text":"and","start":9262.46,"end":9262.508},{"text":"Astrometry","start":9262.508,"end":9263.183},{"text":"is","start":9263.617,"end":9263.746},{"text":"an","start":9263.859,"end":9263.907},{"text":"international","start":9264.003,"end":9264.582},{"text":"collaboration","start":9264.646,"end":9265.306},{"text":"of","start":9265.306,"end":9265.467},{"text":"organizations","start":9265.467,"end":9266.238},{"text":"which","start":9266.271,"end":9266.383},{"text":"operate","start":9266.753,"end":9267.332},{"text":"or","start":9267.396,"end":9267.477},{"text":"support","start":9267.477,"end":9268.023},{"text":"very","start":9268.023,"end":9268.2},{"text":"long","start":9268.2,"end":9268.329},{"text":"baseline","start":9268.361,"end":9268.795},{"text":"interferometry","start":9268.844,"end":9269.615},{"text":"components.","start":9269.873,"end":9270.355}]},{"text":"It is a service of the International Astronomical Union, IAU, and the International Association of Geodesy, IAG, and it's also technique center for the International Earth Rotation and Reference System Service, IERS.","start":9271.42,"end":9284.618,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"It","start":9271.42,"end":9271.548},{"text":"is","start":9271.548,"end":9271.613},{"text":"a","start":9271.725,"end":9271.741},{"text":"service","start":9271.789,"end":9272.319},{"text":"of","start":9272.351,"end":9272.496},{"text":"the","start":9272.512,"end":9272.608},{"text":"International","start":9272.608,"end":9273.234},{"text":"Astronomical","start":9273.234,"end":9273.973},{"text":"Union,","start":9273.973,"end":9274.278},{"text":"IAU,","start":9274.455,"end":9274.808},{"text":"and","start":9275.241,"end":9275.402},{"text":"the","start":9275.402,"end":9275.498},{"text":"International","start":9275.498,"end":9276.06},{"text":"Association","start":9276.06,"end":9276.783},{"text":"of","start":9276.783,"end":9276.911},{"text":"Geodesy,","start":9276.943,"end":9277.473},{"text":"IAG,","start":9277.65,"end":9278.308},{"text":"and","start":9278.87,"end":9278.934},{"text":"it's","start":9278.967,"end":9279.175},{"text":"also","start":9279.175,"end":9279.4},{"text":"technique","start":9279.432,"end":9279.85},{"text":"center","start":9279.85,"end":9280.299},{"text":"for","start":9280.299,"end":9280.492},{"text":"the","start":9280.492,"end":9280.62},{"text":"International","start":9280.62,"end":9281.343},{"text":"Earth","start":9281.343,"end":9281.487},{"text":"Rotation","start":9281.52,"end":9282.065},{"text":"and","start":9282.082,"end":9282.226},{"text":"Reference","start":9282.226,"end":9282.788},{"text":"System","start":9282.788,"end":9283.093},{"text":"Service,","start":9283.125,"end":9283.719},{"text":"IERS.","start":9283.912,"end":9284.618}]},{"text":"We are a nonprofit and best effort organization with about 350 associate members.","start":9286.096,"end":9291.603,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":9286.096,"end":9286.24},{"text":"are","start":9286.24,"end":9286.288},{"text":"a","start":9286.337,"end":9286.417},{"text":"nonprofit","start":9286.417,"end":9287.236},{"text":"and","start":9287.236,"end":9287.332},{"text":"best","start":9287.38,"end":9287.782},{"text":"effort","start":9287.782,"end":9288.103},{"text":"organization","start":9288.103,"end":9288.857},{"text":"with","start":9288.986,"end":9289.162},{"text":"about","start":9289.162,"end":9289.468},{"text":"350","start":9289.468,"end":9290.64},{"text":"associate","start":9290.656,"end":9291.218},{"text":"members.","start":9291.218,"end":9291.603}]},{"text":"We have more than 80 permanent components such as network stations, stations, correlators, data centres, and analysis centres, and they are operated by more than 40 institutions, for example, land survey agencies, space agencies, universities, and other research institutes, and these are located in more than 20 countries.","start":9292.502,"end":9312.868,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":9292.502,"end":9292.711},{"text":"have","start":9292.759,"end":9292.968},{"text":"more","start":9293.145,"end":9293.321},{"text":"than","start":9293.321,"end":9293.53},{"text":"80","start":9293.562,"end":9293.819},{"text":"permanent","start":9293.883,"end":9294.365},{"text":"components","start":9294.365,"end":9295.023},{"text":"such","start":9295.087,"end":9295.425},{"text":"as","start":9295.553,"end":9295.617},{"text":"network","start":9295.794,"end":9296.067},{"text":"stations,","start":9296.067,"end":9296.227},{"text":"stations,","start":9296.26,"end":9296.662},{"text":"correlators,","start":9296.759,"end":9297.468},{"text":"data","start":9297.661,"end":9297.919},{"text":"centres,","start":9297.919,"end":9298.515},{"text":"and","start":9299.176,"end":9299.257},{"text":"analysis","start":9299.273,"end":9299.772},{"text":"centres,","start":9299.772,"end":9300.207},{"text":"and","start":9300.562,"end":9300.626},{"text":"they","start":9300.723,"end":9300.804},{"text":"are","start":9300.884,"end":9300.965},{"text":"operated","start":9300.965,"end":9301.496},{"text":"by","start":9301.529,"end":9301.561},{"text":"more","start":9301.609,"end":9301.803},{"text":"than","start":9301.851,"end":9302.012},{"text":"40","start":9302.077,"end":9302.544},{"text":"institutions,","start":9302.882,"end":9303.317},{"text":"for","start":9304.04,"end":9304.12},{"text":"example,","start":9304.12,"end":9304.509},{"text":"land","start":9304.558,"end":9304.72},{"text":"survey","start":9304.72,"end":9305.06},{"text":"agencies,","start":9305.19,"end":9305.821},{"text":"space","start":9306.486,"end":9306.907},{"text":"agencies,","start":9306.907,"end":9307.441},{"text":"universities,","start":9307.62,"end":9308.414},{"text":"and","start":9308.527,"end":9308.673},{"text":"other","start":9308.673,"end":9308.851},{"text":"research","start":9308.851,"end":9309.256},{"text":"institutes,","start":9309.256,"end":9309.985},{"text":"and","start":9310.536,"end":9310.633},{"text":"these","start":9310.698,"end":9310.843},{"text":"are","start":9310.941,"end":9311.022},{"text":"located","start":9311.022,"end":9311.54},{"text":"in","start":9311.67,"end":9311.734},{"text":"more","start":9311.767,"end":9311.945},{"text":"than","start":9311.945,"end":9312.156},{"text":"20","start":9312.156,"end":9312.48},{"text":"countries.","start":9312.496,"end":9312.868}]},{"text":"Next slide, please.","start":9314,"end":9314.723,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next","start":9314,"end":9314.225},{"text":"slide,","start":9314.225,"end":9314.417},{"text":"please.","start":9314.433,"end":9314.723}]},{"text":"The goals of the IVS are the following: we want to provide a service to support geodetic, geophysical, and astrometric research and operational activities in this area.","start":9316.185,"end":9326.379,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":9316.185,"end":9316.282},{"text":"goals","start":9316.282,"end":9316.652},{"text":"of","start":9316.684,"end":9316.78},{"text":"the","start":9316.78,"end":9316.925},{"text":"IVS","start":9316.925,"end":9317.294},{"text":"are","start":9317.552,"end":9317.648},{"text":"the","start":9317.648,"end":9317.728},{"text":"following:","start":9317.728,"end":9318.098},{"text":"we","start":9318.436,"end":9318.548},{"text":"want","start":9318.612,"end":9318.837},{"text":"to","start":9318.837,"end":9318.934},{"text":"provide","start":9318.998,"end":9319.432},{"text":"a","start":9319.432,"end":9319.496},{"text":"service","start":9319.496,"end":9320.059},{"text":"to","start":9320.059,"end":9320.204},{"text":"support","start":9320.204,"end":9320.686},{"text":"geodetic,","start":9320.686,"end":9321.361},{"text":"geophysical,","start":9321.409,"end":9322.148},{"text":"and","start":9322.164,"end":9322.325},{"text":"astrometric","start":9322.325,"end":9324.688},{"text":"research","start":9322.966,"end":9323.433},{"text":"and","start":9324.174,"end":9324.335},{"text":"operational","start":9324.335,"end":9324.898},{"text":"activities","start":9324.898,"end":9325.446},{"text":"in","start":9325.478,"end":9325.574},{"text":"this","start":9325.639,"end":9325.896},{"text":"area.","start":9325.945,"end":9326.379}]},{"text":"We want to interact with the community of users of VLBI products and to integrate VLBI into a global Earth observing system.","start":9327.168,"end":9334.761,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":9327.168,"end":9327.249},{"text":"want","start":9327.249,"end":9327.474},{"text":"to","start":9327.474,"end":9327.619},{"text":"interact","start":9327.651,"end":9328.134},{"text":"with","start":9328.134,"end":9328.295},{"text":"the","start":9328.295,"end":9328.44},{"text":"community","start":9328.44,"end":9328.988},{"text":"of","start":9329.004,"end":9329.165},{"text":"users","start":9329.165,"end":9329.599},{"text":"of","start":9329.68,"end":9329.744},{"text":"VLBI","start":9329.744,"end":9330.308},{"text":"products","start":9330.308,"end":9330.887},{"text":"and","start":9331.097,"end":9331.177},{"text":"to","start":9331.193,"end":9331.354},{"text":"integrate","start":9331.354,"end":9331.821},{"text":"VLBI","start":9331.821,"end":9332.304},{"text":"into","start":9332.385,"end":9332.562},{"text":"a","start":9332.562,"end":9332.643},{"text":"global","start":9332.643,"end":9333.306},{"text":"Earth","start":9333.516,"end":9333.742},{"text":"observing","start":9333.855,"end":9334.227},{"text":"system.","start":9334.276,"end":9334.761}]},{"text":"And we want to promote research and development activities in all of the aspects of geodetic and astrometric VLBI technique.","start":9335.617,"end":9341.858,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":9335.617,"end":9335.731},{"text":"we","start":9335.779,"end":9335.86},{"text":"want","start":9335.86,"end":9336.102},{"text":"to","start":9336.102,"end":9336.199},{"text":"promote","start":9336.199,"end":9336.749},{"text":"research","start":9336.749,"end":9337.25},{"text":"and","start":9337.25,"end":9337.331},{"text":"development","start":9337.331,"end":9337.897},{"text":"activities","start":9337.897,"end":9338.414},{"text":"in","start":9338.447,"end":9338.543},{"text":"all","start":9338.689,"end":9338.738},{"text":"of","start":9338.802,"end":9338.883},{"text":"the","start":9338.883,"end":9339.012},{"text":"aspects","start":9339.029,"end":9339.449},{"text":"of","start":9339.514,"end":9339.594},{"text":"geodetic","start":9339.594,"end":9340.176},{"text":"and","start":9340.176,"end":9340.257},{"text":"astrometric","start":9340.257,"end":9340.952},{"text":"VLBI","start":9340.952,"end":9341.373},{"text":"technique.","start":9341.373,"end":9341.858}]},{"text":"In order to do so, in order to reach our goals, we operate and organize international VLBI observations.","start":9343.39,"end":9350.493,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":9343.39,"end":9343.471},{"text":"order","start":9343.487,"end":9343.667},{"text":"to","start":9343.732,"end":9343.896},{"text":"do","start":9343.896,"end":9344.075},{"text":"so,","start":9344.075,"end":9344.386},{"text":"in","start":9344.402,"end":9344.451},{"text":"order","start":9344.549,"end":9344.794},{"text":"to","start":9344.794,"end":9344.875},{"text":"reach","start":9344.875,"end":9345.137},{"text":"our","start":9345.202,"end":9345.284},{"text":"goals,","start":9345.3,"end":9345.675},{"text":"we","start":9345.79,"end":9345.937},{"text":"operate","start":9345.953,"end":9346.557},{"text":"and","start":9346.769,"end":9346.835},{"text":"organize","start":9346.916,"end":9347.39},{"text":"international","start":9347.504,"end":9348.157},{"text":"VLBI","start":9348.157,"end":9348.598},{"text":"observations.","start":9350.138,"end":9350.493}]},{"text":"Next slide, please.","start":9350.606,"end":9351.381,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next","start":9350.606,"end":9350.961},{"text":"slide,","start":9350.961,"end":9351.155},{"text":"please.","start":9351.171,"end":9351.381}]},{"text":"To give you an impression on the principle on VLBI for geodesy and astrometry, we observe radio sources, active galactic nuclei, at cosmological distances, so at the edge of the universe, with radio telescopes on the Earth.","start":9353.512,"end":9370.14,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"To","start":9353.512,"end":9353.609},{"text":"give","start":9353.609,"end":9353.77},{"text":"you","start":9353.77,"end":9353.916},{"text":"an","start":9353.916,"end":9353.996},{"text":"impression","start":9353.996,"end":9354.432},{"text":"on","start":9354.465,"end":9354.561},{"text":"the","start":9354.561,"end":9354.707},{"text":"principle","start":9354.707,"end":9355.159},{"text":"on","start":9355.207,"end":9355.256},{"text":"VLBI","start":9355.369,"end":9355.885},{"text":"for","start":9356.014,"end":9356.257},{"text":"geodesy","start":9356.257,"end":9356.709},{"text":"and","start":9356.741,"end":9356.822},{"text":"astrometry,","start":9356.822,"end":9357.435},{"text":"we","start":9358.48,"end":9358.528},{"text":"observe","start":9358.593,"end":9359.127},{"text":"radio","start":9359.466,"end":9359.725},{"text":"sources,","start":9359.725,"end":9360.34},{"text":"active","start":9360.615,"end":9361.716},{"text":"galactic","start":9362.136,"end":9362.897},{"text":"nuclei,","start":9362.897,"end":9363.334},{"text":"at","start":9363.754,"end":9363.868},{"text":"cosmological","start":9363.997,"end":9364.741},{"text":"distances,","start":9364.741,"end":9365.356},{"text":"so","start":9365.405,"end":9365.631},{"text":"at","start":9365.631,"end":9365.793},{"text":"the","start":9365.793,"end":9366.003},{"text":"edge","start":9366.019,"end":9366.165},{"text":"of","start":9366.278,"end":9366.408},{"text":"the","start":9366.44,"end":9366.699},{"text":"universe,","start":9366.828,"end":9367.298},{"text":"with","start":9368.12,"end":9368.394},{"text":"radio","start":9368.54,"end":9368.879},{"text":"telescopes","start":9368.879,"end":9369.526},{"text":"on","start":9369.607,"end":9369.688},{"text":"the","start":9369.688,"end":9369.849},{"text":"Earth.","start":9369.849,"end":9370.14}]},{"text":"They are located on the surface of the Earth, so we connect directly this celestial reference frame with the radio sources and the terrestrial reference frame with the radio telescopes.","start":9370.496,"end":9379.93,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"They","start":9370.496,"end":9370.658},{"text":"are","start":9370.658,"end":9370.803},{"text":"located","start":9370.803,"end":9371.224},{"text":"on","start":9371.224,"end":9371.304},{"text":"the","start":9371.304,"end":9371.385},{"text":"surface","start":9371.385,"end":9371.87},{"text":"of","start":9371.87,"end":9372.016},{"text":"the","start":9372.016,"end":9372.113},{"text":"Earth,","start":9372.113,"end":9372.226},{"text":"so","start":9372.42,"end":9372.468},{"text":"we","start":9372.517,"end":9372.598},{"text":"connect","start":9372.662,"end":9373.067},{"text":"directly","start":9373.067,"end":9373.616},{"text":"this","start":9373.713,"end":9373.907},{"text":"celestial","start":9373.96,"end":9374.377},{"text":"reference","start":9374.377,"end":9374.794},{"text":"frame","start":9374.794,"end":9375.115},{"text":"with","start":9375.42,"end":9375.597},{"text":"the","start":9375.597,"end":9375.853},{"text":"radio","start":9376.142,"end":9376.383},{"text":"sources","start":9376.383,"end":9376.849},{"text":"and","start":9377.105,"end":9377.186},{"text":"the","start":9377.282,"end":9377.426},{"text":"terrestrial","start":9377.426,"end":9377.811},{"text":"reference","start":9377.828,"end":9378.357},{"text":"frame","start":9378.357,"end":9378.534},{"text":"with","start":9378.791,"end":9378.887},{"text":"the","start":9378.887,"end":9378.967},{"text":"radio","start":9378.967,"end":9379.272},{"text":"telescopes.","start":9379.272,"end":9379.93}]},{"text":"The radio telescopes form an interferometer, and by doing so, we can do the signal— we can correlate the signal delay between pairs of radio telescopes and derive this delay between the telescopes.","start":9381.038,"end":9393.733,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":9381.038,"end":9381.118},{"text":"radio","start":9381.118,"end":9381.391},{"text":"telescopes","start":9381.391,"end":9382.017},{"text":"form","start":9382.017,"end":9382.225},{"text":"an","start":9382.273,"end":9382.386},{"text":"interferometer,","start":9382.418,"end":9383.317},{"text":"and","start":9383.927,"end":9384.183},{"text":"by","start":9384.729,"end":9384.906},{"text":"doing","start":9384.906,"end":9385.114},{"text":"so,","start":9385.162,"end":9385.419},{"text":"we","start":9385.853,"end":9386.029},{"text":"can","start":9386.029,"end":9386.157},{"text":"do","start":9386.27,"end":9386.446},{"text":"the","start":9386.446,"end":9386.591},{"text":"signal—","start":9386.591,"end":9386.896},{"text":"we","start":9387.056,"end":9387.137},{"text":"can","start":9387.137,"end":9387.361},{"text":"correlate","start":9387.554,"end":9388.019},{"text":"the","start":9388.019,"end":9388.1},{"text":"signal","start":9388.1,"end":9388.388},{"text":"delay","start":9388.388,"end":9388.661},{"text":"between","start":9388.661,"end":9388.918},{"text":"pairs","start":9388.998,"end":9389.287},{"text":"of","start":9389.319,"end":9389.464},{"text":"radio","start":9389.464,"end":9389.737},{"text":"telescopes","start":9390.026,"end":9390.764},{"text":"and","start":9391.165,"end":9391.229},{"text":"derive","start":9391.245,"end":9391.695},{"text":"this","start":9391.711,"end":9391.839},{"text":"delay","start":9391.968,"end":9392.24},{"text":"between","start":9392.529,"end":9392.85},{"text":"the","start":9392.85,"end":9393.075},{"text":"telescopes.","start":9393.075,"end":9393.733}]},{"text":"Doing so, the VBI technique connects the celestial reference frame that is realized by the radio sources with terrestrial reference frame that is realized by the radio telescopes.","start":9394.279,"end":9402.512,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Doing","start":9394.279,"end":9394.503},{"text":"so,","start":9394.536,"end":9394.825},{"text":"the","start":9394.857,"end":9394.937},{"text":"VBI","start":9395.001,"end":9395.402},{"text":"technique","start":9395.402,"end":9395.964},{"text":"connects","start":9395.964,"end":9396.462},{"text":"the","start":9396.462,"end":9396.542},{"text":"celestial","start":9396.542,"end":9397.007},{"text":"reference","start":9397.007,"end":9397.425},{"text":"frame","start":9397.425,"end":9397.681},{"text":"that","start":9397.681,"end":9397.842},{"text":"is","start":9397.842,"end":9397.954},{"text":"realized","start":9397.986,"end":9398.388},{"text":"by","start":9398.388,"end":9398.484},{"text":"the","start":9398.532,"end":9398.564},{"text":"radio","start":9398.564,"end":9398.853},{"text":"sources","start":9398.853,"end":9399.319},{"text":"with","start":9399.431,"end":9399.591},{"text":"terrestrial","start":9399.64,"end":9399.978},{"text":"reference","start":9399.978,"end":9400.382},{"text":"frame","start":9400.382,"end":9400.689},{"text":"that","start":9400.802,"end":9400.963},{"text":"is","start":9400.963,"end":9401.011},{"text":"realized","start":9401.108,"end":9401.447},{"text":"by","start":9401.447,"end":9401.544},{"text":"the","start":9401.592,"end":9401.689},{"text":"radio","start":9401.689,"end":9401.931},{"text":"telescopes.","start":9401.931,"end":9402.512}]},{"text":"And that allows us then to determine the 2 reference frames, as well as all the parameters that describe the transformation between these reference frames.","start":9403.368,"end":9410.697,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":9403.368,"end":9403.449},{"text":"that","start":9403.529,"end":9403.658},{"text":"allows","start":9403.723,"end":9404.078},{"text":"us","start":9404.175,"end":9404.352},{"text":"then","start":9404.352,"end":9404.482},{"text":"to","start":9404.578,"end":9404.675},{"text":"determine","start":9404.675,"end":9405.289},{"text":"the","start":9405.385,"end":9405.547},{"text":"2","start":9405.547,"end":9405.692},{"text":"reference","start":9405.724,"end":9406.192},{"text":"frames,","start":9406.192,"end":9406.499},{"text":"as","start":9406.757,"end":9406.903},{"text":"well","start":9407,"end":9407.129},{"text":"as","start":9407.177,"end":9407.225},{"text":"all","start":9407.403,"end":9407.451},{"text":"the","start":9407.564,"end":9407.661},{"text":"parameters","start":9407.661,"end":9408.194},{"text":"that","start":9408.21,"end":9408.323},{"text":"describe","start":9408.323,"end":9408.775},{"text":"the","start":9408.775,"end":9408.84},{"text":"transformation","start":9408.84,"end":9409.421},{"text":"between","start":9409.421,"end":9409.76},{"text":"these","start":9409.76,"end":9409.89},{"text":"reference","start":9410.003,"end":9410.39},{"text":"frames.","start":9410.39,"end":9410.697}]},{"text":"And these are the so-called Earth orientation parameters.","start":9411.295,"end":9413.847,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":9411.295,"end":9411.36},{"text":"these","start":9411.44,"end":9411.586},{"text":"are","start":9411.683,"end":9411.731},{"text":"the","start":9411.78,"end":9411.86},{"text":"so-called","start":9411.86,"end":9412.296},{"text":"Earth","start":9412.49,"end":9412.636},{"text":"orientation","start":9412.668,"end":9413.201},{"text":"parameters.","start":9413.233,"end":9413.847}]},{"text":"And VLBI is unique in that sense.","start":9414.96,"end":9416.895,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":9414.96,"end":9415.056},{"text":"VLBI","start":9415.056,"end":9415.395},{"text":"is","start":9415.637,"end":9415.766},{"text":"unique","start":9415.863,"end":9416.218},{"text":"in","start":9416.218,"end":9416.33},{"text":"that","start":9416.347,"end":9416.54},{"text":"sense.","start":9416.54,"end":9416.895}]},{"text":"It's the only space geodetic technique that can do this.","start":9416.992,"end":9419.782,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"It's","start":9416.992,"end":9417.153},{"text":"the","start":9417.153,"end":9417.314},{"text":"only","start":9417.314,"end":9417.572},{"text":"space","start":9417.572,"end":9417.96},{"text":"geodetic","start":9417.96,"end":9418.395},{"text":"technique","start":9418.395,"end":9418.96},{"text":"that","start":9418.96,"end":9419.105},{"text":"can","start":9419.105,"end":9419.25},{"text":"do","start":9419.33,"end":9419.508},{"text":"this.","start":9419.508,"end":9419.782}]},{"text":"Next slide, please.","start":9421.185,"end":9421.895,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next","start":9421.185,"end":9421.395},{"text":"slide,","start":9421.395,"end":9421.653},{"text":"please.","start":9421.685,"end":9421.895}]},{"text":"So we observe the celestial reference frame, and this consists of several thousands of radio sources at the edge of the universe that are observed in IVS observing sessions on a routine basis.","start":9424.338,"end":9435.448,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":9424.338,"end":9424.665},{"text":"we","start":9424.665,"end":9424.812},{"text":"observe","start":9424.812,"end":9425.286},{"text":"the","start":9425.63,"end":9425.728},{"text":"celestial","start":9425.728,"end":9426.153},{"text":"reference","start":9426.153,"end":9426.562},{"text":"frame,","start":9426.627,"end":9426.938},{"text":"and","start":9426.954,"end":9427.036},{"text":"this","start":9427.036,"end":9427.151},{"text":"consists","start":9427.265,"end":9427.658},{"text":"of","start":9427.69,"end":9429.62},{"text":"several","start":9427.766,"end":9428.056},{"text":"thousands","start":9428.169,"end":9428.605},{"text":"of","start":9428.653,"end":9428.734},{"text":"radio","start":9428.75,"end":9428.992},{"text":"sources","start":9428.992,"end":9429.525},{"text":"at","start":9429.702,"end":9429.799},{"text":"the","start":9429.799,"end":9429.928},{"text":"edge","start":9429.944,"end":9430.106},{"text":"of","start":9430.122,"end":9430.203},{"text":"the","start":9430.203,"end":9430.283},{"text":"universe","start":9430.283,"end":9430.735},{"text":"that","start":9431.074,"end":9431.332},{"text":"are","start":9431.332,"end":9431.558},{"text":"observed","start":9431.558,"end":9432.107},{"text":"in","start":9432.301,"end":9432.349},{"text":"IVS","start":9433.253,"end":9433.559},{"text":"observing","start":9433.656,"end":9434.011},{"text":"sessions","start":9434.06,"end":9434.447},{"text":"on","start":9434.479,"end":9434.56},{"text":"a","start":9434.56,"end":9434.576},{"text":"routine","start":9434.625,"end":9435.012},{"text":"basis.","start":9435.044,"end":9435.448}]},{"text":"This color code here gives you an indication on the position uncertainties that have been determined from about 40 years of observations with the IVS.","start":9436.302,"end":9444.918,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":9436.302,"end":9436.528},{"text":"color","start":9436.528,"end":9436.771},{"text":"code","start":9436.771,"end":9437.094},{"text":"here","start":9437.094,"end":9437.272},{"text":"gives","start":9437.272,"end":9437.482},{"text":"you","start":9437.498,"end":9437.595},{"text":"an","start":9437.595,"end":9437.644},{"text":"indication","start":9437.676,"end":9438.468},{"text":"on","start":9438.549,"end":9438.613},{"text":"the","start":9438.71,"end":9438.888},{"text":"position","start":9438.888,"end":9439.325},{"text":"uncertainties","start":9439.373,"end":9440.068},{"text":"that","start":9440.165,"end":9440.262},{"text":"have","start":9440.262,"end":9440.408},{"text":"been","start":9440.424,"end":9440.553},{"text":"determined","start":9441.394,"end":9441.879},{"text":"from","start":9441.879,"end":9442.089},{"text":"about","start":9442.137,"end":9442.412},{"text":"40","start":9442.428,"end":9442.816},{"text":"years","start":9443.075,"end":9443.382},{"text":"of","start":9443.415,"end":9443.576},{"text":"observations","start":9443.576,"end":9444.19},{"text":"with","start":9444.287,"end":9444.384},{"text":"the","start":9444.384,"end":9444.514},{"text":"IVS.","start":9444.53,"end":9444.918}]},{"text":"Next slide, please.","start":9446.05,"end":9446.536,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next","start":9446.05,"end":9446.147},{"text":"slide,","start":9446.147,"end":9446.293},{"text":"please.","start":9446.325,"end":9446.536}]},{"text":"The Earth orientation parameters are traditionally expressed as precession notation.","start":9448.094,"end":9452.782,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":9448.094,"end":9448.304},{"text":"Earth","start":9448.353,"end":9448.483},{"text":"orientation","start":9448.596,"end":9449.051},{"text":"parameters","start":9449.083,"end":9449.781},{"text":"are","start":9450.04,"end":9450.089},{"text":"traditionally","start":9450.138,"end":9450.835},{"text":"expressed","start":9451.013,"end":9451.5},{"text":"as","start":9451.5,"end":9451.565},{"text":"precession","start":9451.679,"end":9452.133},{"text":"notation.","start":9452.246,"end":9452.782}]},{"text":"The Earth Orientation angle, which is usually expressed as UT1 minus UTC, and polar motion.","start":9453.074,"end":9457.978,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":9453.074,"end":9453.22},{"text":"Earth","start":9453.22,"end":9453.35},{"text":"Orientation","start":9453.386,"end":9453.774},{"text":"angle,","start":9453.952,"end":9454.243},{"text":"which","start":9454.437,"end":9454.55},{"text":"is","start":9454.55,"end":9454.663},{"text":"usually","start":9454.679,"end":9454.987},{"text":"expressed","start":9454.987,"end":9455.359},{"text":"as","start":9455.359,"end":9455.472},{"text":"UT1","start":9455.52,"end":9455.957},{"text":"minus","start":9455.989,"end":9456.313},{"text":"UTC,","start":9456.313,"end":9456.895},{"text":"and","start":9457.121,"end":9457.186},{"text":"polar","start":9457.283,"end":9457.574},{"text":"motion.","start":9457.59,"end":9457.978}]},{"text":"And the EUPs are these transformation parameters that are necessary to transform between the CRF and the TRF.","start":9459.126,"end":9465.063,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":9459.126,"end":9459.272},{"text":"the","start":9459.45,"end":9459.611},{"text":"EUPs","start":9459.611,"end":9459.87},{"text":"are","start":9460.339,"end":9460.501},{"text":"these","start":9460.501,"end":9460.646},{"text":"transformation","start":9460.743,"end":9461.293},{"text":"parameters","start":9461.39,"end":9461.94},{"text":"that","start":9461.956,"end":9462.134},{"text":"are","start":9462.134,"end":9462.215},{"text":"necessary","start":9462.215,"end":9462.749},{"text":"to","start":9462.781,"end":9462.83},{"text":"transform","start":9462.83,"end":9463.351},{"text":"between","start":9463.351,"end":9463.645},{"text":"the","start":9463.677,"end":9463.775},{"text":"CRF","start":9463.775,"end":9464.329},{"text":"and","start":9464.329,"end":9464.411},{"text":"the","start":9464.411,"end":9464.557},{"text":"TRF.","start":9464.557,"end":9465.063}]},{"text":"And they are of great importance for all kinds of satellite systems.","start":9465.78,"end":9468.698,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":9465.78,"end":9465.862},{"text":"they","start":9465.862,"end":9465.959},{"text":"are","start":9465.959,"end":9466.041},{"text":"of","start":9466.041,"end":9466.171},{"text":"great","start":9466.188,"end":9466.465},{"text":"importance","start":9466.465,"end":9467.117},{"text":"for","start":9467.166,"end":9467.345},{"text":"all","start":9467.345,"end":9467.459},{"text":"kinds","start":9467.508,"end":9467.769},{"text":"of","start":9467.769,"end":9467.85},{"text":"satellite","start":9467.899,"end":9468.258},{"text":"systems.","start":9468.258,"end":9468.698}]},{"text":"Satellite systems need EUP for precise orbit determination.","start":9469.17,"end":9472.565,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Satellite","start":9469.17,"end":9469.461},{"text":"systems","start":9469.461,"end":9469.865},{"text":"need","start":9470.01,"end":9470.301},{"text":"EUP","start":9470.414,"end":9470.819},{"text":"for","start":9470.883,"end":9471.061},{"text":"precise","start":9471.061,"end":9471.53},{"text":"orbit","start":9471.627,"end":9471.853},{"text":"determination.","start":9471.853,"end":9472.565}]},{"text":"However, the satellite systems themselves cannot determine neither nutation or UT1 minus C.","start":9473.405,"end":9478.676,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"However,","start":9473.405,"end":9473.777},{"text":"the","start":9473.874,"end":9473.955},{"text":"satellite","start":9473.955,"end":9474.391},{"text":"systems","start":9474.391,"end":9474.925},{"text":"themselves","start":9474.925,"end":9475.555},{"text":"cannot","start":9475.669,"end":9475.992},{"text":"determine","start":9475.992,"end":9476.525},{"text":"neither","start":9476.558,"end":9476.865},{"text":"nutation","start":9476.865,"end":9477.415},{"text":"or","start":9477.673,"end":9477.722},{"text":"UT1","start":9477.997,"end":9478.142},{"text":"minus","start":9478.255,"end":9478.498},{"text":"C.","start":9478.498,"end":9478.676}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Rüdiger Haas","affiliation":"IVS","affiliation_full":"IVS","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":51,"start":9478.74,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1a/k1ad4k1m9e?t=9479","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Yes.","start":9478.74,"end":9478.789,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Yes.","start":9478.74,"end":9478.789}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":null,"affiliation_full":null,"group":null,"function":null}},{"statement_number":52,"start":9479.569,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1a/k1ad4k1m9e?t=9480","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"And they rely on the corresponding information that is provided by VLBI.","start":9479.569,"end":9483.245,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":9479.569,"end":9479.65},{"text":"they","start":9479.666,"end":9479.811},{"text":"rely","start":9479.811,"end":9480.101},{"text":"on","start":9480.295,"end":9480.375},{"text":"the","start":9480.375,"end":9480.472},{"text":"corresponding","start":9480.472,"end":9481.052},{"text":"information","start":9481.117,"end":9481.73},{"text":"that","start":9481.762,"end":9481.939},{"text":"is","start":9481.939,"end":9482.02},{"text":"provided","start":9482.068,"end":9482.552},{"text":"by","start":9482.552,"end":9482.649},{"text":"VLBI.","start":9482.649,"end":9483.245}]},{"text":"So VLBI is unique in providing all EUPs, and this is quite important for all satellite systems, both commercial and scientific ones.","start":9484.261,"end":9493.83,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":9484.261,"end":9484.374},{"text":"VLBI","start":9484.486,"end":9484.906},{"text":"is","start":9484.906,"end":9485.035},{"text":"unique","start":9485.067,"end":9485.615},{"text":"in","start":9485.615,"end":9485.712},{"text":"providing","start":9485.712,"end":9486.163},{"text":"all","start":9486.357,"end":9486.534},{"text":"EUPs,","start":9486.663,"end":9487.082},{"text":"and","start":9487.646,"end":9487.711},{"text":"this","start":9487.791,"end":9488.033},{"text":"is","start":9488.033,"end":9488.098},{"text":"quite","start":9488.34,"end":9488.614},{"text":"important","start":9489.115,"end":9489.664},{"text":"for","start":9489.664,"end":9490.019},{"text":"all","start":9490.051,"end":9490.18},{"text":"satellite","start":9490.536,"end":9491.036},{"text":"systems,","start":9491.036,"end":9491.488},{"text":"both","start":9491.601,"end":9491.811},{"text":"commercial","start":9491.908,"end":9492.425},{"text":"and","start":9492.425,"end":9492.554},{"text":"scientific","start":9492.554,"end":9493.636},{"text":"ones.","start":9493.701,"end":9493.83}]},{"text":"Next slide, please.","start":9495.38,"end":9496.024,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next","start":9495.38,"end":9495.524},{"text":"slide,","start":9495.524,"end":9495.766},{"text":"please.","start":9495.814,"end":9496.024}]},{"text":"To illustrate the need for precise and accurate EUP, the requirements, for example, for remote sensing satellite systems, such as the Sentinel satellites, on the level of 10 microseconds for UT1-UTC, and preferably in real time.","start":9497.103,"end":9512.448,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"To","start":9497.103,"end":9497.248},{"text":"illustrate","start":9497.248,"end":9498.005},{"text":"the","start":9498.311,"end":9498.408},{"text":"need","start":9498.408,"end":9498.762},{"text":"for","start":9498.794,"end":9498.955},{"text":"precise","start":9498.955,"end":9499.519},{"text":"and","start":9499.519,"end":9499.68},{"text":"accurate","start":9499.68,"end":9500.147},{"text":"EUP,","start":9500.147,"end":9500.566},{"text":"the","start":9500.953,"end":9500.985},{"text":"requirements,","start":9500.985,"end":9501.677},{"text":"for","start":9501.758,"end":9501.822},{"text":"example,","start":9501.855,"end":9502.273},{"text":"for","start":9502.322,"end":9502.451},{"text":"remote","start":9502.483,"end":9502.757},{"text":"sensing","start":9502.757,"end":9503.191},{"text":"satellite","start":9503.208,"end":9503.61},{"text":"systems,","start":9503.61,"end":9504.077},{"text":"such","start":9504.43,"end":9504.59},{"text":"as","start":9504.686,"end":9504.75},{"text":"the","start":9504.846,"end":9504.959},{"text":"Sentinel","start":9504.959,"end":9505.456},{"text":"satellites,","start":9505.504,"end":9506.097},{"text":"on","start":9506.771,"end":9506.835},{"text":"the","start":9506.867,"end":9507.012},{"text":"level","start":9507.012,"end":9507.268},{"text":"of","start":9507.268,"end":9507.396},{"text":"10","start":9507.428,"end":9507.621},{"text":"microseconds","start":9507.813,"end":9508.519},{"text":"for","start":9508.872,"end":9509.032},{"text":"UT1-UTC,","start":9509.337,"end":9510.379},{"text":"and","start":9510.877,"end":9510.941},{"text":"preferably","start":9511.021,"end":9511.646},{"text":"in","start":9511.759,"end":9511.855},{"text":"real","start":9511.903,"end":9512.111},{"text":"time.","start":9512.16,"end":9512.448}]},{"text":"And also space exploration navigation needs precise and accurate EOP.","start":9513.122,"end":9517.067,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":9513.122,"end":9513.186},{"text":"also","start":9513.266,"end":9513.523},{"text":"space","start":9513.523,"end":9514.004},{"text":"exploration","start":9514.004,"end":9514.726},{"text":"navigation","start":9514.726,"end":9515.335},{"text":"needs","start":9515.431,"end":9515.575},{"text":"precise","start":9515.608,"end":9516.073},{"text":"and","start":9516.169,"end":9516.313},{"text":"accurate","start":9516.313,"end":9516.65},{"text":"EOP.","start":9516.65,"end":9517.067}]},{"text":"For example, an uncertainty of just ±100 microseconds in UT1-UTC means an uncertainty of several kilometers at Mars distance and more than 5 kilometers at Jupiter distance.","start":9517.692,"end":9528.967,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"For","start":9517.692,"end":9517.821},{"text":"example,","start":9517.837,"end":9518.254},{"text":"an","start":9518.318,"end":9518.414},{"text":"uncertainty","start":9518.414,"end":9519.104},{"text":"of","start":9519.2,"end":9519.344},{"text":"just","start":9519.36,"end":9519.761},{"text":"±100","start":9520.419,"end":9520.964},{"text":"microseconds","start":9520.964,"end":9521.67},{"text":"in","start":9521.702,"end":9521.862},{"text":"UT1-UTC","start":9521.862,"end":9522.824},{"text":"means","start":9522.824,"end":9523.113},{"text":"an","start":9523.225,"end":9523.562},{"text":"uncertainty","start":9523.562,"end":9524.204},{"text":"of","start":9524.204,"end":9524.284},{"text":"several","start":9524.332,"end":9524.556},{"text":"kilometers","start":9524.653,"end":9525.198},{"text":"at","start":9525.31,"end":9525.455},{"text":"Mars","start":9525.455,"end":9525.679},{"text":"distance","start":9525.791,"end":9526.224},{"text":"and","start":9526.834,"end":9526.898},{"text":"more","start":9526.994,"end":9527.138},{"text":"than","start":9527.138,"end":9527.219},{"text":"5","start":9527.219,"end":9527.523},{"text":"kilometers","start":9527.539,"end":9527.924},{"text":"at","start":9528.037,"end":9528.117},{"text":"Jupiter","start":9528.117,"end":9528.502},{"text":"distance.","start":9528.502,"end":9528.967}]},{"text":"You need to know the UT1 minus UTC precisely if you want to track your spacecraft in the solar system.","start":9529.063,"end":9535.821,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"You","start":9529.063,"end":9529.159},{"text":"need","start":9529.159,"end":9529.336},{"text":"to","start":9529.384,"end":9529.56},{"text":"know","start":9529.56,"end":9529.785},{"text":"the","start":9529.865,"end":9530.105},{"text":"UT1","start":9530.426,"end":9530.651},{"text":"minus","start":9530.748,"end":9531.021},{"text":"UTC","start":9531.069,"end":9531.663},{"text":"precisely","start":9532.193,"end":9532.947},{"text":"if","start":9532.947,"end":9533.092},{"text":"you","start":9533.092,"end":9533.172},{"text":"want","start":9533.172,"end":9533.333},{"text":"to","start":9533.333,"end":9533.461},{"text":"track","start":9533.557,"end":9533.814},{"text":"your","start":9533.814,"end":9533.927},{"text":"spacecraft","start":9533.975,"end":9534.858},{"text":"in","start":9534.858,"end":9534.906},{"text":"the","start":9535.003,"end":9535.099},{"text":"solar","start":9535.099,"end":9535.356},{"text":"system.","start":9535.356,"end":9535.821}]},{"text":"Next slide, please.","start":9536.624,"end":9537.315,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next","start":9536.624,"end":9536.897},{"text":"slide,","start":9536.897,"end":9537.106},{"text":"please.","start":9537.17,"end":9537.315}]},{"text":"The terrestrial reference frame is then a combination of the contributions of several space geodetic techniques, including satellite systems and VLBI.","start":9538.696,"end":9546.531,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":9538.696,"end":9538.792},{"text":"terrestrial","start":9538.792,"end":9539.274},{"text":"reference","start":9539.274,"end":9539.691},{"text":"frame","start":9539.739,"end":9540.076},{"text":"is","start":9540.076,"end":9540.141},{"text":"then","start":9540.301,"end":9540.414},{"text":"a","start":9540.414,"end":9540.542},{"text":"combination","start":9540.542,"end":9541.233},{"text":"of","start":9541.281,"end":9541.425},{"text":"the","start":9541.425,"end":9541.522},{"text":"contributions","start":9541.522,"end":9542.164},{"text":"of","start":9542.164,"end":9542.244},{"text":"several","start":9542.244,"end":9542.629},{"text":"space","start":9542.629,"end":9543.031},{"text":"geodetic","start":9543.031,"end":9543.513},{"text":"techniques,","start":9543.513,"end":9544.171},{"text":"including","start":9544.315,"end":9544.781},{"text":"satellite","start":9544.813,"end":9545.215},{"text":"systems","start":9545.215,"end":9545.664},{"text":"and","start":9545.841,"end":9546.082},{"text":"VLBI.","start":9546.082,"end":9546.531}]},{"text":"And the link between these different techniques is usually realized at so-called geodetic fundamental stations that are equipped with instrumentation for several of these techniques.","start":9547.527,"end":9555.603,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":9547.527,"end":9547.607},{"text":"the","start":9547.687,"end":9547.784},{"text":"link","start":9547.784,"end":9548.089},{"text":"between","start":9548.089,"end":9548.394},{"text":"these","start":9548.426,"end":9548.602},{"text":"different","start":9548.602,"end":9548.908},{"text":"techniques","start":9548.908,"end":9549.405},{"text":"is","start":9549.405,"end":9549.486},{"text":"usually","start":9549.534,"end":9549.919},{"text":"realized","start":9550.015,"end":9550.481},{"text":"at","start":9550.738,"end":9550.834},{"text":"so-called","start":9550.834,"end":9551.284},{"text":"geodetic","start":9551.3,"end":9551.798},{"text":"fundamental","start":9551.798,"end":9552.36},{"text":"stations","start":9552.36,"end":9552.89},{"text":"that","start":9552.906,"end":9553.066},{"text":"are","start":9553.066,"end":9553.179},{"text":"equipped","start":9553.179,"end":9553.484},{"text":"with","start":9553.484,"end":9553.644},{"text":"instrumentation","start":9553.644,"end":9554.351},{"text":"for","start":9554.367,"end":9554.511},{"text":"several","start":9554.511,"end":9554.832},{"text":"of","start":9554.849,"end":9554.993},{"text":"these","start":9554.993,"end":9555.138},{"text":"techniques.","start":9555.17,"end":9555.603}]},{"text":"And as I said earlier, the satellite systems need the EUP for their precise orbit determination, so it comes in there again.","start":9556.526,"end":9563.608,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":9556.526,"end":9556.752},{"text":"as","start":9556.752,"end":9556.817},{"text":"I","start":9556.914,"end":9556.93},{"text":"said","start":9556.946,"end":9557.237},{"text":"earlier,","start":9557.237,"end":9557.739},{"text":"the","start":9558.143,"end":9558.224},{"text":"satellite","start":9558.224,"end":9558.709},{"text":"systems","start":9558.709,"end":9559.162},{"text":"need","start":9559.194,"end":9559.42},{"text":"the","start":9559.42,"end":9559.517},{"text":"EUP","start":9559.598,"end":9560.018},{"text":"for","start":9560.083,"end":9560.326},{"text":"their","start":9560.342,"end":9560.6},{"text":"precise","start":9560.811,"end":9561.328},{"text":"orbit","start":9561.36,"end":9561.538},{"text":"determination,","start":9561.538,"end":9562.234},{"text":"so","start":9562.266,"end":9562.508},{"text":"it","start":9562.508,"end":9562.589},{"text":"comes","start":9562.589,"end":9562.88},{"text":"in","start":9562.913,"end":9562.961},{"text":"there","start":9563.074,"end":9563.187},{"text":"again.","start":9563.236,"end":9563.608}]},{"text":"Next slide, please.","start":9564.66,"end":9565.223,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next","start":9564.66,"end":9564.756},{"text":"slide,","start":9564.756,"end":9564.901},{"text":"please.","start":9564.933,"end":9565.223}]},{"text":"A precise and accurate TRF is crucial for society and science, and in 2019, the United Nations Resolution for the Global Geodetic Reference Frame highlighted this importance for the TRF for sustainable development.","start":9566.864,"end":9580.037,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"A","start":9566.864,"end":9566.896},{"text":"precise","start":9566.944,"end":9567.555},{"text":"and","start":9567.732,"end":9567.974},{"text":"accurate","start":9567.974,"end":9568.279},{"text":"TRF","start":9568.311,"end":9568.746},{"text":"is","start":9568.875,"end":9568.923},{"text":"crucial","start":9569.019,"end":9569.389},{"text":"for","start":9569.422,"end":9569.582},{"text":"society","start":9569.582,"end":9570.081},{"text":"and","start":9570.081,"end":9570.178},{"text":"science,","start":9570.178,"end":9570.837},{"text":"and","start":9570.966,"end":9571.143},{"text":"in","start":9571.143,"end":9571.207},{"text":"2019,","start":9571.288,"end":9571.915},{"text":"the","start":9572.4,"end":9572.48},{"text":"United","start":9572.48,"end":9572.803},{"text":"Nations","start":9572.835,"end":9573.336},{"text":"Resolution","start":9573.465,"end":9574.014},{"text":"for","start":9574.046,"end":9574.273},{"text":"the","start":9574.273,"end":9574.321},{"text":"Global","start":9574.369,"end":9574.676},{"text":"Geodetic","start":9574.676,"end":9575.161},{"text":"Reference","start":9575.161,"end":9575.58},{"text":"Frame","start":9575.58,"end":9575.79},{"text":"highlighted","start":9575.887,"end":9576.436},{"text":"this","start":9576.452,"end":9576.63},{"text":"importance","start":9576.63,"end":9577.357},{"text":"for","start":9577.76,"end":9577.954},{"text":"the","start":9577.986,"end":9578.083},{"text":"TRF","start":9578.083,"end":9578.568},{"text":"for","start":9578.568,"end":9578.81},{"text":"sustainable","start":9578.81,"end":9579.391},{"text":"development.","start":9579.391,"end":9580.037}]},{"text":"The TRF is necessary to understand the dynamics of our Earth, which is the only, so far as we know, habitable planet— planet so far.","start":9580.651,"end":9588.104,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":9580.651,"end":9580.731},{"text":"TRF","start":9580.731,"end":9581.086},{"text":"is","start":9581.086,"end":9581.296},{"text":"necessary","start":9581.262,"end":9581.872},{"text":"to","start":9581.904,"end":9582.049},{"text":"understand","start":9582.049,"end":9582.498},{"text":"the","start":9582.547,"end":9582.627},{"text":"dynamics","start":9582.627,"end":9583.189},{"text":"of","start":9583.189,"end":9583.414},{"text":"our","start":9583.414,"end":9583.767},{"text":"Earth,","start":9583.767,"end":9583.88},{"text":"which","start":9584.072,"end":9584.233},{"text":"is","start":9584.233,"end":9584.281},{"text":"the","start":9584.378,"end":9584.538},{"text":"only,","start":9584.619,"end":9585.004},{"text":"so","start":9585.117,"end":9585.341},{"text":"far","start":9585.341,"end":9585.518},{"text":"as","start":9585.518,"end":9585.566},{"text":"we","start":9585.679,"end":9585.823},{"text":"know,","start":9585.823,"end":9586.064},{"text":"habitable","start":9586.08,"end":9586.546},{"text":"planet—","start":9586.562,"end":9587.124},{"text":"planet","start":9587.285,"end":9587.686},{"text":"so","start":9587.686,"end":9587.799},{"text":"far.","start":9587.911,"end":9588.104}]},{"text":"Next slide, please.","start":9589.453,"end":9590.144,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next","start":9589.453,"end":9589.63},{"text":"slide,","start":9589.63,"end":9589.919},{"text":"please.","start":9589.935,"end":9590.144}]},{"text":"To address the goals that the IVS has, we are operating today 2 global VLBI networks.","start":9591.557,"end":9596.842,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"To","start":9591.557,"end":9591.67},{"text":"address","start":9591.702,"end":9592.104},{"text":"the","start":9592.104,"end":9592.184},{"text":"goals","start":9592.248,"end":9592.553},{"text":"that","start":9592.569,"end":9592.73},{"text":"the","start":9592.73,"end":9592.81},{"text":"IVS","start":9592.81,"end":9593.115},{"text":"has,","start":9593.212,"end":9593.517},{"text":"we","start":9593.79,"end":9593.951},{"text":"are","start":9593.951,"end":9594.031},{"text":"operating","start":9594.031,"end":9594.481},{"text":"today","start":9594.754,"end":9595.075},{"text":"2","start":9595.155,"end":9595.284},{"text":"global","start":9595.396,"end":9595.798},{"text":"VLBI","start":9595.798,"end":9596.119},{"text":"networks.","start":9596.119,"end":9596.842}]},{"text":"One is the so-called legacy SX VLBI network, which is the upper graph, which has observations that are going back to 1979, so it's more than 40 years of of data that we have.","start":9597.083,"end":9608.214,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"One","start":9597.083,"end":9597.211},{"text":"is","start":9597.324,"end":9597.372},{"text":"the","start":9597.404,"end":9597.549},{"text":"so-called","start":9597.549,"end":9598.143},{"text":"legacy","start":9598.448,"end":9598.898},{"text":"SX","start":9598.994,"end":9599.412},{"text":"VLBI","start":9599.412,"end":9599.749},{"text":"network,","start":9599.749,"end":9600.311},{"text":"which","start":9600.536,"end":9600.665},{"text":"is","start":9600.713,"end":9600.825},{"text":"the","start":9600.857,"end":9600.986},{"text":"upper","start":9601.002,"end":9601.355},{"text":"graph,","start":9601.5,"end":9601.901},{"text":"which","start":9602.544,"end":9602.753},{"text":"has","start":9603.09,"end":9603.235},{"text":"observations","start":9603.331,"end":9603.877},{"text":"that","start":9603.909,"end":9604.054},{"text":"are","start":9604.054,"end":9604.15},{"text":"going","start":9604.15,"end":9604.359},{"text":"back","start":9604.391,"end":9604.568},{"text":"to","start":9604.632,"end":9604.728},{"text":"1979,","start":9604.728,"end":9605.805},{"text":"so","start":9605.821,"end":9605.933},{"text":"it's","start":9605.933,"end":9606.142},{"text":"more","start":9606.142,"end":9606.254},{"text":"than","start":9606.254,"end":9606.399},{"text":"40","start":9606.463,"end":9606.768},{"text":"years","start":9606.8,"end":9607.009},{"text":"of","start":9607.041,"end":9607.154},{"text":"of","start":9607.218,"end":9607.33},{"text":"data","start":9607.363,"end":9607.684},{"text":"that","start":9607.684,"end":9607.909},{"text":"we","start":9607.909,"end":9607.989},{"text":"have.","start":9607.989,"end":9608.214}]},{"text":"And this SX legacy network comprises about 40 stations with radio telescopes of various sizes.","start":9609.194,"end":9614.96,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":9609.194,"end":9609.29},{"text":"this","start":9609.29,"end":9609.467},{"text":"SX","start":9609.611,"end":9610.077},{"text":"legacy","start":9610.077,"end":9610.414},{"text":"network","start":9610.414,"end":9610.912},{"text":"comprises","start":9611.298,"end":9611.86},{"text":"about","start":9611.86,"end":9612.101},{"text":"40","start":9612.101,"end":9612.422},{"text":"stations","start":9612.422,"end":9612.968},{"text":"with","start":9612.968,"end":9613.145},{"text":"radio","start":9613.145,"end":9613.386},{"text":"telescopes","start":9613.386,"end":9613.964},{"text":"of","start":9613.964,"end":9614.045},{"text":"various","start":9614.093,"end":9614.446},{"text":"sizes.","start":9614.446,"end":9614.96}]},{"text":"The observing frequencies are in the 2 and X— S and X frequency range, so in 2 and 8 GHz.","start":9616.101,"end":9622.14,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":9616.101,"end":9616.181},{"text":"observing","start":9616.181,"end":9616.486},{"text":"frequencies","start":9616.583,"end":9617.129},{"text":"are","start":9617.305,"end":9617.354},{"text":"in","start":9617.402,"end":9617.45},{"text":"the","start":9617.546,"end":9617.643},{"text":"2","start":9617.643,"end":9618.205},{"text":"and","start":9618.205,"end":9618.43},{"text":"X—","start":9618.446,"end":9618.767},{"text":"S","start":9619.474,"end":9619.57},{"text":"and","start":9619.57,"end":9619.731},{"text":"X","start":9619.731,"end":9620.052},{"text":"frequency","start":9620.197,"end":9620.582},{"text":"range,","start":9620.614,"end":9620.759},{"text":"so","start":9620.775,"end":9620.952},{"text":"in","start":9620.952,"end":9621.016},{"text":"2","start":9621.08,"end":9621.16},{"text":"and","start":9621.257,"end":9621.417},{"text":"8","start":9621.417,"end":9621.562},{"text":"GHz.","start":9621.578,"end":9622.14}]},{"text":"The other and modern and the next generation VLBI system is the VIGOS network, and this started operating in 2020, so this is on the lower picture Today we have 15 stations with 13-meter-class radio telescopes, which are— some of them are so-called twin telescopes, and they use broadband receivers covering a much wider frequency range between 2 and 14 GHz.","start":9622.943,"end":9647,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":9622.943,"end":9623.072},{"text":"other","start":9623.088,"end":9623.409},{"text":"and","start":9623.409,"end":9623.57},{"text":"modern","start":9623.57,"end":9623.859},{"text":"and","start":9623.971,"end":9624.052},{"text":"the","start":9624.052,"end":9624.132},{"text":"next","start":9624.132,"end":9624.453},{"text":"generation","start":9624.453,"end":9624.919},{"text":"VLBI","start":9625.015,"end":9625.433},{"text":"system","start":9625.433,"end":9625.851},{"text":"is","start":9625.851,"end":9625.963},{"text":"the","start":9625.979,"end":9626.06},{"text":"VIGOS","start":9626.06,"end":9626.445},{"text":"network,","start":9626.477,"end":9627.023},{"text":"and","start":9627.907,"end":9628.003},{"text":"this","start":9628.003,"end":9628.116},{"text":"started","start":9628.196,"end":9628.646},{"text":"operating","start":9628.646,"end":9629.144},{"text":"in","start":9629.208,"end":9629.256},{"text":"2020,","start":9629.288,"end":9630.059},{"text":"so","start":9630.429,"end":9630.621},{"text":"this","start":9630.653,"end":9630.83},{"text":"is","start":9630.83,"end":9630.91},{"text":"on","start":9631.039,"end":9631.119},{"text":"the","start":9631.135,"end":9631.296},{"text":"lower","start":9631.762,"end":9632.067},{"text":"picture","start":9632.34,"end":9632.774},{"text":"Today","start":9632.982,"end":9633.255},{"text":"we","start":9633.384,"end":9633.528},{"text":"have","start":9633.528,"end":9633.657},{"text":"15","start":9633.705,"end":9634.235},{"text":"stations","start":9634.267,"end":9634.877},{"text":"with","start":9634.99,"end":9635.166},{"text":"13-meter-class","start":9635.889,"end":9636.9},{"text":"radio","start":9636.9,"end":9637.141},{"text":"telescopes,","start":9637.157,"end":9637.88},{"text":"which","start":9637.96,"end":9638.088},{"text":"are—","start":9638.265,"end":9638.313},{"text":"some","start":9639.02,"end":9639.212},{"text":"of","start":9639.245,"end":9639.325},{"text":"them","start":9639.325,"end":9639.501},{"text":"are","start":9639.55,"end":9639.742},{"text":"so-called","start":9639.742,"end":9640.128},{"text":"twin","start":9640.128,"end":9640.336},{"text":"telescopes,","start":9640.369,"end":9641.171},{"text":"and","start":9641.717,"end":9641.798},{"text":"they","start":9641.814,"end":9641.958},{"text":"use","start":9641.958,"end":9642.199},{"text":"broadband","start":9642.215,"end":9642.697},{"text":"receivers","start":9642.697,"end":9643.227},{"text":"covering","start":9643.323,"end":9643.628},{"text":"a","start":9643.74,"end":9643.756},{"text":"much","start":9643.981,"end":9644.19},{"text":"wider","start":9644.302,"end":9644.607},{"text":"frequency","start":9644.607,"end":9645.089},{"text":"range","start":9645.089,"end":9645.346},{"text":"between","start":9645.346,"end":9645.635},{"text":"2","start":9645.731,"end":9645.844},{"text":"and","start":9645.972,"end":9646.069},{"text":"14","start":9646.069,"end":9646.454},{"text":"GHz.","start":9646.454,"end":9647}]},{"text":"This VIGO system, the next-generation VLBI system, is still in the build-up phase, and so far most of the stations are located in the Northern Hemisphere, as you see.","start":9647.835,"end":9656.682,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":9647.835,"end":9648.06},{"text":"VIGO","start":9648.06,"end":9648.317},{"text":"system,","start":9648.317,"end":9648.846},{"text":"the","start":9649.039,"end":9649.184},{"text":"next-generation","start":9649.184,"end":9649.906},{"text":"VLBI","start":9649.922,"end":9650.243},{"text":"system,","start":9650.34,"end":9650.773},{"text":"is","start":9650.789,"end":9650.821},{"text":"still","start":9650.821,"end":9651.126},{"text":"in","start":9651.126,"end":9651.207},{"text":"the","start":9651.207,"end":9651.287},{"text":"build-up","start":9651.287,"end":9651.753},{"text":"phase,","start":9651.753,"end":9652.138},{"text":"and","start":9652.652,"end":9652.716},{"text":"so","start":9652.796,"end":9653.053},{"text":"far","start":9653.053,"end":9653.23},{"text":"most","start":9653.23,"end":9653.856},{"text":"of","start":9653.856,"end":9654.001},{"text":"the","start":9654.001,"end":9654.081},{"text":"stations","start":9654.081,"end":9654.627},{"text":"are","start":9654.643,"end":9654.723},{"text":"located","start":9654.723,"end":9655.221},{"text":"in","start":9655.221,"end":9655.301},{"text":"the","start":9655.301,"end":9655.397},{"text":"Northern","start":9655.397,"end":9655.783},{"text":"Hemisphere,","start":9655.783,"end":9656.2},{"text":"as","start":9656.265,"end":9656.313},{"text":"you","start":9656.409,"end":9656.441},{"text":"see.","start":9656.505,"end":9656.682}]},{"text":"Next slide, please.","start":9657.372,"end":9658.079,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next","start":9657.372,"end":9657.581},{"text":"slide,","start":9657.581,"end":9657.79},{"text":"please.","start":9657.854,"end":9658.079}]},{"text":"The concept of VIGOS is that we use fast-moving radio telescopes with sensitive broadband receivers that cover this 2 to 14 GHz and dual linear polarization.","start":9661.304,"end":9671.782,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":9661.304,"end":9661.401},{"text":"concept","start":9661.401,"end":9661.886},{"text":"of","start":9661.886,"end":9662.015},{"text":"VIGOS","start":9662.112,"end":9662.419},{"text":"is","start":9662.597,"end":9662.742},{"text":"that","start":9662.855,"end":9663.082},{"text":"we","start":9663.082,"end":9663.162},{"text":"use","start":9663.178,"end":9663.421},{"text":"fast-moving","start":9663.421,"end":9664.035},{"text":"radio","start":9664.148,"end":9664.471},{"text":"telescopes","start":9664.471,"end":9665.28},{"text":"with","start":9665.344,"end":9665.457},{"text":"sensitive","start":9665.457,"end":9665.974},{"text":"broadband","start":9666.007,"end":9666.427},{"text":"receivers","start":9666.427,"end":9667.025},{"text":"that","start":9667.203,"end":9667.364},{"text":"cover","start":9667.381,"end":9667.639},{"text":"this","start":9667.639,"end":9667.865},{"text":"2","start":9667.865,"end":9668.027},{"text":"to","start":9668.027,"end":9668.156},{"text":"14","start":9668.172,"end":9668.48},{"text":"GHz","start":9668.48,"end":9669.027},{"text":"and","start":9669.301,"end":9669.64},{"text":"dual","start":9669.865,"end":9670.784},{"text":"linear","start":9670.832,"end":9671.074},{"text":"polarization.","start":9671.074,"end":9671.782}]},{"text":"With this broad frequency range, we observe 4 bands of 1 GHz bandwidth each.","start":9672.443,"end":9677.831,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"With","start":9672.443,"end":9672.524},{"text":"this","start":9672.524,"end":9672.814},{"text":"broad","start":9673.168,"end":9673.426},{"text":"frequency","start":9673.426,"end":9673.909},{"text":"range,","start":9673.909,"end":9674.28},{"text":"we","start":9674.312,"end":9674.554},{"text":"observe","start":9675.198,"end":9675.504},{"text":"4","start":9675.504,"end":9675.714},{"text":"bands","start":9675.843,"end":9676.084},{"text":"of","start":9676.165,"end":9676.326},{"text":"1","start":9676.326,"end":9676.439},{"text":"GHz","start":9676.648,"end":9677.132},{"text":"bandwidth","start":9677.132,"end":9677.506},{"text":"each.","start":9677.685,"end":9677.831}]},{"text":"Due to the fast telescopes and the sensitive receivers, we can achieve more than 2,500 scans per day per station, which is about 5 times more than is possible with the legacy SX system.","start":9678.676,"end":9690.7,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Due","start":9678.676,"end":9678.822},{"text":"to","start":9678.822,"end":9678.936},{"text":"the","start":9678.936,"end":9679.066},{"text":"fast","start":9679.066,"end":9679.342},{"text":"telescopes","start":9679.342,"end":9680.058},{"text":"and","start":9680.058,"end":9680.155},{"text":"the","start":9680.155,"end":9680.285},{"text":"sensitive","start":9680.285,"end":9680.805},{"text":"receivers,","start":9680.805,"end":9681.407},{"text":"we","start":9681.829,"end":9681.927},{"text":"can","start":9681.927,"end":9682.057},{"text":"achieve","start":9682.105,"end":9682.463},{"text":"more","start":9682.479,"end":9682.674},{"text":"than","start":9682.674,"end":9682.788},{"text":"2,500","start":9682.821,"end":9683.682},{"text":"scans","start":9683.89,"end":9684.13},{"text":"per","start":9684.242,"end":9684.386},{"text":"day","start":9684.386,"end":9684.514},{"text":"per","start":9685.428,"end":9685.989},{"text":"station,","start":9685.989,"end":9686.454},{"text":"which","start":9686.63,"end":9686.806},{"text":"is","start":9686.806,"end":9686.854},{"text":"about","start":9686.902,"end":9687.191},{"text":"5","start":9687.191,"end":9687.495},{"text":"times","start":9687.527,"end":9687.768},{"text":"more","start":9687.832,"end":9688.024},{"text":"than","start":9688.072,"end":9688.216},{"text":"is","start":9688.264,"end":9688.344},{"text":"possible","start":9688.889,"end":9689.274},{"text":"with","start":9689.354,"end":9689.514},{"text":"the","start":9689.514,"end":9689.594},{"text":"legacy","start":9689.594,"end":9689.995},{"text":"SX","start":9690.011,"end":9690.332},{"text":"system.","start":9690.332,"end":9690.7}]},{"text":"For robustness, several stations, as I said, are equipped with twin telescopes.","start":9691.037,"end":9694.835,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"For","start":9691.037,"end":9691.165},{"text":"robustness,","start":9691.197,"end":9691.758},{"text":"several","start":9691.774,"end":9692.126},{"text":"stations,","start":9692.174,"end":9692.703},{"text":"as","start":9692.735,"end":9692.896},{"text":"I","start":9692.896,"end":9692.912},{"text":"said,","start":9692.976,"end":9693.2},{"text":"are","start":9693.36,"end":9693.408},{"text":"equipped","start":9693.456,"end":9693.841},{"text":"with","start":9693.841,"end":9693.937},{"text":"twin","start":9693.937,"end":9694.146},{"text":"telescopes.","start":9694.178,"end":9694.835}]},{"text":"The goal of VIGOS is eventually to operate in continuous 24/7 mode and to achieve fast turnaround between the observations and the final results.","start":9695.684,"end":9703.584,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":9695.684,"end":9695.748},{"text":"goal","start":9695.764,"end":9696.004},{"text":"of","start":9696.004,"end":9696.085},{"text":"VIGOS","start":9696.085,"end":9696.469},{"text":"is","start":9696.501,"end":9696.629},{"text":"eventually","start":9696.742,"end":9697.27},{"text":"to","start":9697.302,"end":9697.447},{"text":"operate","start":9697.463,"end":9697.879},{"text":"in","start":9697.879,"end":9697.927},{"text":"continuous","start":9698.024,"end":9698.568},{"text":"24/7","start":9698.568,"end":9699.306},{"text":"mode","start":9699.306,"end":9699.674},{"text":"and","start":9699.77,"end":9699.867},{"text":"to","start":9699.867,"end":9700.011},{"text":"achieve","start":9700.011,"end":9700.395},{"text":"fast","start":9700.427,"end":9700.748},{"text":"turnaround","start":9700.748,"end":9701.309},{"text":"between","start":9701.309,"end":9701.677},{"text":"the","start":9701.709,"end":9701.79},{"text":"observations","start":9701.806,"end":9702.479},{"text":"and","start":9702.511,"end":9702.607},{"text":"the","start":9702.607,"end":9702.735},{"text":"final","start":9702.735,"end":9703.055},{"text":"results.","start":9703.055,"end":9703.584}]},{"text":"The expectation is that VIGOS will achieve up to one order of magnitude of improvement as compared to legacy CSX VLBI.","start":9704.337,"end":9710.78,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":9704.337,"end":9704.418},{"text":"expectation","start":9704.418,"end":9705.107},{"text":"is","start":9705.155,"end":9705.283},{"text":"that","start":9705.315,"end":9705.491},{"text":"VIGOS","start":9705.491,"end":9705.764},{"text":"will","start":9705.876,"end":9705.972},{"text":"achieve","start":9706.02,"end":9706.405},{"text":"up","start":9706.517,"end":9706.677},{"text":"to","start":9706.677,"end":9706.805},{"text":"one","start":9706.837,"end":9706.966},{"text":"order","start":9707.062,"end":9707.254},{"text":"of","start":9707.254,"end":9707.366},{"text":"magnitude","start":9707.398,"end":9707.879},{"text":"of","start":9707.879,"end":9707.975},{"text":"improvement","start":9708.039,"end":9708.584},{"text":"as","start":9708.584,"end":9708.648},{"text":"compared","start":9708.744,"end":9709.049},{"text":"to","start":9709.081,"end":9709.177},{"text":"legacy","start":9709.225,"end":9709.417},{"text":"CSX","start":9709.45,"end":9710.139},{"text":"VLBI.","start":9710.347,"end":9710.78}]},{"text":"Next slide, please.","start":9711.244,"end":9711.933,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next","start":9711.244,"end":9711.405},{"text":"slide,","start":9711.405,"end":9711.693},{"text":"please.","start":9711.725,"end":9711.933}]},{"text":"2 examples of IVS network stations are the Onsala Space Observatory in Sweden and the Geodetic Observatory Wettzell in Germany.","start":9713.087,"end":9720.827,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"2","start":9713.087,"end":9713.231},{"text":"examples","start":9713.231,"end":9713.808},{"text":"of","start":9713.872,"end":9714.033},{"text":"IVS","start":9714.033,"end":9714.337},{"text":"network","start":9714.369,"end":9715.651},{"text":"stations","start":9715.651,"end":9716.18},{"text":"are","start":9716.276,"end":9716.356},{"text":"the","start":9716.356,"end":9716.517},{"text":"Onsala","start":9716.517,"end":9716.773},{"text":"Space","start":9716.773,"end":9717.109},{"text":"Observatory","start":9717.109,"end":9717.654},{"text":"in","start":9717.654,"end":9717.783},{"text":"Sweden","start":9717.815,"end":9718.263},{"text":"and","start":9718.44,"end":9718.536},{"text":"the","start":9718.536,"end":9718.696},{"text":"Geodetic","start":9718.696,"end":9719.193},{"text":"Observatory","start":9719.193,"end":9719.786},{"text":"Wettzell","start":9719.818,"end":9720.25},{"text":"in","start":9720.298,"end":9720.379},{"text":"Germany.","start":9720.379,"end":9720.827}]},{"text":"Both operate both VIGOS twin telescopes, which are shown on the left side of the photos, and legacy SXV-LBI telescopes, shown on the right side of the photos.","start":9721.5,"end":9730.122,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Both","start":9721.5,"end":9721.709},{"text":"operate","start":9721.805,"end":9722.189},{"text":"both","start":9722.221,"end":9722.494},{"text":"VIGOS","start":9722.606,"end":9722.911},{"text":"twin","start":9722.943,"end":9723.151},{"text":"telescopes,","start":9723.183,"end":9723.792},{"text":"which","start":9723.888,"end":9724.048},{"text":"are","start":9724.048,"end":9724.08},{"text":"shown","start":9724.08,"end":9724.337},{"text":"on","start":9724.385,"end":9724.449},{"text":"the","start":9724.449,"end":9724.545},{"text":"left","start":9724.545,"end":9724.769},{"text":"side","start":9724.769,"end":9725.01},{"text":"of","start":9725.01,"end":9725.058},{"text":"the","start":9725.106,"end":9725.186},{"text":"photos,","start":9725.186,"end":9725.635},{"text":"and","start":9725.891,"end":9726.132},{"text":"legacy","start":9726.132,"end":9726.516},{"text":"SXV-LBI","start":9726.628,"end":9727.494},{"text":"telescopes,","start":9727.494,"end":9728.087},{"text":"shown","start":9728.135,"end":9728.295},{"text":"on","start":9728.295,"end":9728.343},{"text":"the","start":9728.375,"end":9728.503},{"text":"right","start":9728.535,"end":9728.872},{"text":"side","start":9729.353,"end":9729.593},{"text":"of","start":9729.593,"end":9729.689},{"text":"the","start":9729.689,"end":9729.817},{"text":"photos.","start":9729.817,"end":9730.122}]},{"text":"Both stations are partners of the United Nations Global Geodetic Centre Excellence, which is located in Bonn in Germany.","start":9731.196,"end":9737.419,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Both","start":9731.196,"end":9731.372},{"text":"stations","start":9731.372,"end":9731.885},{"text":"are","start":9731.981,"end":9732.061},{"text":"partners","start":9732.061,"end":9732.526},{"text":"of","start":9732.622,"end":9732.766},{"text":"the","start":9732.782,"end":9732.862},{"text":"United","start":9732.862,"end":9733.327},{"text":"Nations","start":9733.343,"end":9733.695},{"text":"Global","start":9733.824,"end":9734.112},{"text":"Geodetic","start":9734.144,"end":9734.641},{"text":"Centre","start":9734.641,"end":9734.961},{"text":"Excellence,","start":9735.106,"end":9735.555},{"text":"which","start":9735.668,"end":9735.845},{"text":"is","start":9735.845,"end":9735.893},{"text":"located","start":9735.989,"end":9736.487},{"text":"in","start":9736.487,"end":9736.536},{"text":"Bonn","start":9736.648,"end":9736.777},{"text":"in","start":9736.889,"end":9736.937},{"text":"Germany.","start":9736.969,"end":9737.419}]},{"text":"Next slide, please.","start":9737.917,"end":9738.624,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next","start":9737.917,"end":9738.126},{"text":"slide,","start":9738.126,"end":9738.319},{"text":"please.","start":9738.399,"end":9738.624}]},{"text":"The United Nations Global Centre of Excellence is located at the UN campus in Bonn, and it has a mission to support UN member states in maintaining and utilizing a high-quality global geodetic reference frame.","start":9740.167,"end":9751.655,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":9740.167,"end":9740.247},{"text":"United","start":9740.247,"end":9740.633},{"text":"Nations","start":9740.729,"end":9741.067},{"text":"Global","start":9741.131,"end":9741.388},{"text":"Centre","start":9741.388,"end":9741.693},{"text":"of","start":9741.693,"end":9741.854},{"text":"Excellence","start":9741.854,"end":9742.288},{"text":"is","start":9742.288,"end":9742.4},{"text":"located","start":9742.497,"end":9743.429},{"text":"at","start":9743.541,"end":9743.638},{"text":"the","start":9743.638,"end":9743.782},{"text":"UN","start":9743.782,"end":9744.007},{"text":"campus","start":9744.039,"end":9744.393},{"text":"in","start":9744.505,"end":9744.57},{"text":"Bonn,","start":9744.57,"end":9744.731},{"text":"and","start":9745.004,"end":9745.149},{"text":"it","start":9745.149,"end":9745.246},{"text":"has","start":9745.246,"end":9745.375},{"text":"a","start":9745.487,"end":9745.503},{"text":"mission","start":9745.552,"end":9745.858},{"text":"to","start":9745.89,"end":9745.987},{"text":"support","start":9746.035,"end":9746.599},{"text":"UN","start":9746.599,"end":9746.824},{"text":"member","start":9746.856,"end":9747.162},{"text":"states","start":9747.162,"end":9747.581},{"text":"in","start":9747.581,"end":9747.645},{"text":"maintaining","start":9747.661,"end":9748.193},{"text":"and","start":9748.225,"end":9748.37},{"text":"utilizing","start":9748.37,"end":9748.998},{"text":"a","start":9749.336,"end":9749.352},{"text":"high-quality","start":9749.417,"end":9750.077},{"text":"global","start":9750.077,"end":9750.399},{"text":"geodetic","start":9750.399,"end":9750.882},{"text":"reference","start":9750.882,"end":9751.365},{"text":"frame.","start":9751.365,"end":9751.655}]},{"text":"Many geodetic stations and geodetic organizations are already partners of the UNGDCE.","start":9752.396,"end":9757.599,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Many","start":9752.396,"end":9752.653},{"text":"geodetic","start":9752.653,"end":9753.153},{"text":"stations","start":9753.153,"end":9753.765},{"text":"and","start":9753.765,"end":9753.91},{"text":"geodetic","start":9753.91,"end":9754.673},{"text":"organizations","start":9754.673,"end":9755.421},{"text":"are","start":9755.421,"end":9755.47},{"text":"already","start":9755.47,"end":9755.779},{"text":"partners","start":9755.811,"end":9756.266},{"text":"of","start":9756.299,"end":9756.445},{"text":"the","start":9756.445,"end":9756.526},{"text":"UNGDCE.","start":9756.705,"end":9757.599}]},{"text":"However, the contribution— more contribution, more money, and support personnel are needed from further UN member states to support the important work that the UNGCE is doing.","start":9758.07,"end":9769.688,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"However,","start":9758.07,"end":9758.509},{"text":"the","start":9758.964,"end":9759.045},{"text":"contribution—","start":9759.045,"end":9759.76},{"text":"more","start":9760.183,"end":9760.362},{"text":"contribution,","start":9760.362,"end":9760.979},{"text":"more","start":9761.012,"end":9761.191},{"text":"money,","start":9761.191,"end":9761.467},{"text":"and","start":9761.499,"end":9761.711},{"text":"support","start":9761.74,"end":9762.061},{"text":"personnel","start":9762.061,"end":9762.558},{"text":"are","start":9762.558,"end":9762.639},{"text":"needed","start":9762.655,"end":9763.056},{"text":"from","start":9763.779,"end":9764.357},{"text":"further","start":9764.421,"end":9764.822},{"text":"UN","start":9764.903,"end":9765.256},{"text":"member","start":9765.384,"end":9765.705},{"text":"states","start":9765.705,"end":9765.978},{"text":"to","start":9765.978,"end":9766.251},{"text":"support","start":9766.251,"end":9766.733},{"text":"the","start":9766.733,"end":9766.781},{"text":"important","start":9766.813,"end":9767.311},{"text":"work","start":9767.311,"end":9767.552},{"text":"that","start":9767.616,"end":9767.777},{"text":"the","start":9767.777,"end":9767.937},{"text":"UNGCE","start":9767.969,"end":9769.077},{"text":"is","start":9769.093,"end":9769.366},{"text":"doing.","start":9769.479,"end":9769.688}]},{"text":"Next slide, please.","start":9770.282,"end":9770.94,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next","start":9770.282,"end":9770.442},{"text":"slide,","start":9770.442,"end":9770.731},{"text":"please.","start":9770.763,"end":9770.94}]},{"text":"A comparison of results from the first years of observations with the still sparse Vigos network gives— to the results of the legacy SX network shows that Vigos is already today outperforming legacy SX VLDI.","start":9772.353,"end":9784.283,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"A","start":9772.353,"end":9772.433},{"text":"comparison","start":9772.433,"end":9773.011},{"text":"of","start":9773.011,"end":9773.188},{"text":"results","start":9773.188,"end":9773.621},{"text":"from","start":9773.798,"end":9773.959},{"text":"the","start":9773.959,"end":9774.039},{"text":"first","start":9774.039,"end":9774.44},{"text":"years","start":9774.44,"end":9774.585},{"text":"of","start":9774.697,"end":9774.794},{"text":"observations","start":9774.794,"end":9775.42},{"text":"with","start":9775.42,"end":9775.564},{"text":"the","start":9775.564,"end":9775.645},{"text":"still","start":9775.645,"end":9775.934},{"text":"sparse","start":9775.966,"end":9776.351},{"text":"Vigos","start":9776.447,"end":9776.672},{"text":"network","start":9776.785,"end":9777.25},{"text":"gives—","start":9777.748,"end":9777.957},{"text":"to","start":9778.535,"end":9778.647},{"text":"the","start":9778.647,"end":9778.792},{"text":"results","start":9778.792,"end":9779.129},{"text":"of","start":9779.129,"end":9779.193},{"text":"the","start":9779.193,"end":9779.338},{"text":"legacy","start":9779.338,"end":9779.723},{"text":"SX","start":9779.819,"end":9780.237},{"text":"network","start":9780.237,"end":9780.558},{"text":"shows","start":9780.558,"end":9780.847},{"text":"that","start":9780.879,"end":9781.056},{"text":"Vigos","start":9781.056,"end":9781.409},{"text":"is","start":9781.441,"end":9781.489},{"text":"already","start":9781.585,"end":9781.81},{"text":"today","start":9781.826,"end":9782.18},{"text":"outperforming","start":9782.404,"end":9782.982},{"text":"legacy","start":9782.982,"end":9783.432},{"text":"SX","start":9783.448,"end":9783.849},{"text":"VLDI.","start":9783.849,"end":9784.283}]},{"text":"For example, the baseline repeatability, So the distance measurements between 2 stations of Vigos is more than 2 times better than the legacy SX VLBI.","start":9784.893,"end":9794.179,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"For","start":9784.893,"end":9785.118},{"text":"example,","start":9785.118,"end":9785.568},{"text":"the","start":9785.68,"end":9785.776},{"text":"baseline","start":9785.776,"end":9786.242},{"text":"repeatability,","start":9786.242,"end":9787.029},{"text":"So","start":9787.27,"end":9787.366},{"text":"the","start":9787.366,"end":9787.463},{"text":"distance","start":9787.463,"end":9787.931},{"text":"measurements","start":9787.931,"end":9788.416},{"text":"between","start":9788.416,"end":9788.722},{"text":"2","start":9788.755,"end":9788.916},{"text":"stations","start":9788.916,"end":9789.53},{"text":"of","start":9790.111,"end":9790.175},{"text":"Vigos","start":9790.208,"end":9790.579},{"text":"is","start":9790.627,"end":9790.74},{"text":"more","start":9790.918,"end":9791.047},{"text":"than","start":9791.354,"end":9791.467},{"text":"2","start":9791.58,"end":9791.79},{"text":"times","start":9791.806,"end":9792.112},{"text":"better","start":9792.209,"end":9792.468},{"text":"than","start":9792.468,"end":9792.597},{"text":"the","start":9792.613,"end":9792.694},{"text":"legacy","start":9792.71,"end":9793.162},{"text":"SX","start":9793.21,"end":9793.662},{"text":"VLBI.","start":9793.662,"end":9794.179}]},{"text":"And this is only with the sparse network that we have.","start":9794.469,"end":9796.872,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":9794.469,"end":9794.566},{"text":"this","start":9794.566,"end":9794.792},{"text":"is","start":9794.792,"end":9794.857},{"text":"only","start":9794.97,"end":9795.26},{"text":"with","start":9795.276,"end":9795.357},{"text":"the","start":9795.357,"end":9795.535},{"text":"sparse","start":9795.535,"end":9796.019},{"text":"network","start":9796.019,"end":9796.342},{"text":"that","start":9796.342,"end":9796.502},{"text":"we","start":9796.502,"end":9796.583},{"text":"have.","start":9796.647,"end":9796.872}]},{"text":"Similar improvements of Vigos with respect to legacy SX can be seen also for station position repeatability and UT1 minus UTC.","start":9797.563,"end":9804.842,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Similar","start":9797.563,"end":9797.948},{"text":"improvements","start":9797.948,"end":9798.575},{"text":"of","start":9798.575,"end":9798.671},{"text":"Vigos","start":9798.671,"end":9799.009},{"text":"with","start":9799.057,"end":9799.218},{"text":"respect","start":9799.218,"end":9799.555},{"text":"to","start":9799.555,"end":9799.652},{"text":"legacy","start":9799.7,"end":9800.085},{"text":"SX","start":9800.182,"end":9800.6},{"text":"can","start":9800.6,"end":9800.744},{"text":"be","start":9800.76,"end":9800.841},{"text":"seen","start":9800.841,"end":9801.05},{"text":"also","start":9801.146,"end":9801.467},{"text":"for","start":9801.467,"end":9801.58},{"text":"station","start":9801.58,"end":9802.03},{"text":"position","start":9802.03,"end":9802.431},{"text":"repeatability","start":9802.447,"end":9803.219},{"text":"and","start":9803.395,"end":9803.797},{"text":"UT1","start":9803.797,"end":9804.054},{"text":"minus","start":9804.054,"end":9804.359},{"text":"UTC.","start":9804.359,"end":9804.842}]},{"text":"Next slide, please.","start":9805.79,"end":9806.356,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next","start":9805.79,"end":9805.887},{"text":"slide,","start":9805.887,"end":9806.065},{"text":"please.","start":9806.129,"end":9806.356}]},{"text":"There are several international projects ongoing right now to establish new Vigos stations.","start":9808.088,"end":9812.749,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"There","start":9808.088,"end":9808.201},{"text":"are","start":9808.249,"end":9808.33},{"text":"several","start":9808.33,"end":9808.767},{"text":"international","start":9808.897,"end":9809.544},{"text":"projects","start":9809.544,"end":9809.965},{"text":"ongoing","start":9810.03,"end":9810.483},{"text":"right","start":9810.515,"end":9810.758},{"text":"now","start":9810.758,"end":9810.871},{"text":"to","start":9811.082,"end":9811.227},{"text":"establish","start":9811.227,"end":9811.729},{"text":"new","start":9811.729,"end":9811.842},{"text":"Vigos","start":9811.972,"end":9812.247},{"text":"stations.","start":9812.247,"end":9812.749}]},{"text":"Within the next 5 years, we expect the Vigos station network to expand from 15 stations today to more than 30.","start":9812.982,"end":9818.989,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Within","start":9812.982,"end":9813.272},{"text":"the","start":9813.288,"end":9813.32},{"text":"next","start":9813.32,"end":9813.706},{"text":"5","start":9813.706,"end":9813.916},{"text":"years,","start":9814.012,"end":9814.238},{"text":"we","start":9814.27,"end":9814.415},{"text":"expect","start":9814.415,"end":9814.753},{"text":"the","start":9814.753,"end":9814.898},{"text":"Vigos","start":9814.898,"end":9815.14},{"text":"station","start":9815.14,"end":9815.558},{"text":"network","start":9815.558,"end":9815.88},{"text":"to","start":9815.88,"end":9815.961},{"text":"expand","start":9815.961,"end":9816.444},{"text":"from","start":9816.509,"end":9816.637},{"text":"15","start":9816.686,"end":9817.056},{"text":"stations","start":9817.088,"end":9817.539},{"text":"today","start":9817.571,"end":9817.845},{"text":"to","start":9818.119,"end":9818.183},{"text":"more","start":9818.232,"end":9818.393},{"text":"than","start":9818.457,"end":9818.586},{"text":"30.","start":9818.683,"end":9818.989}]},{"text":"Still, more geodetic stations are needed on the Southern Hemisphere, in particular in Africa and South America.","start":9819.81,"end":9825.545,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Still,","start":9819.81,"end":9820.213},{"text":"more","start":9820.229,"end":9820.551},{"text":"geodetic","start":9820.551,"end":9821.034},{"text":"stations","start":9821.034,"end":9821.501},{"text":"are","start":9821.501,"end":9821.533},{"text":"needed","start":9821.533,"end":9822},{"text":"on","start":9822,"end":9822.081},{"text":"the","start":9822.081,"end":9822.161},{"text":"Southern","start":9822.21,"end":9822.467},{"text":"Hemisphere,","start":9822.467,"end":9822.999},{"text":"in","start":9823.192,"end":9823.289},{"text":"particular","start":9823.289,"end":9823.837},{"text":"in","start":9823.853,"end":9824.062},{"text":"Africa","start":9824.24,"end":9824.578},{"text":"and","start":9824.578,"end":9824.723},{"text":"South","start":9824.723,"end":9824.997},{"text":"America.","start":9824.997,"end":9825.545}]},{"text":"Next slide, please.","start":9826.109,"end":9826.882,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next","start":9826.109,"end":9826.367},{"text":"slide,","start":9826.383,"end":9826.624},{"text":"please.","start":9826.673,"end":9826.882}]},{"text":"To summarize, the IVS is currently rolling out a powerful new observation system called Vigos.","start":9828.81,"end":9834.675,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"To","start":9828.81,"end":9828.89},{"text":"summarize,","start":9828.89,"end":9829.372},{"text":"the","start":9830.111,"end":9830.32},{"text":"IVS","start":9830.368,"end":9830.577},{"text":"is","start":9830.674,"end":9830.738},{"text":"currently","start":9831.011,"end":9831.461},{"text":"rolling","start":9831.477,"end":9831.766},{"text":"out","start":9831.879,"end":9832.136},{"text":"a","start":9832.136,"end":9832.216},{"text":"powerful","start":9832.216,"end":9832.73},{"text":"new","start":9832.779,"end":9832.955},{"text":"observation","start":9833.084,"end":9833.598},{"text":"system","start":9833.598,"end":9834.032},{"text":"called","start":9834.064,"end":9834.37},{"text":"Vigos.","start":9834.37,"end":9834.675}]},{"text":"Already today, we see that Vigos is outperforming legacy will be in several of the geodetic products.","start":9835.093,"end":9840.663,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Already","start":9835.093,"end":9835.414},{"text":"today,","start":9835.414,"end":9835.703},{"text":"we","start":9835.896,"end":9835.928},{"text":"see","start":9835.928,"end":9836.234},{"text":"that","start":9836.234,"end":9836.394},{"text":"Vigos","start":9836.394,"end":9836.796},{"text":"is","start":9836.796,"end":9836.844},{"text":"outperforming","start":9837.021,"end":9837.648},{"text":"legacy","start":9837.68,"end":9838.05},{"text":"will","start":9838.576,"end":9838.752},{"text":"be","start":9838.752,"end":9838.833},{"text":"in","start":9838.897,"end":9838.961},{"text":"several","start":9839.058,"end":9839.411},{"text":"of","start":9839.411,"end":9839.539},{"text":"the","start":9839.539,"end":9839.7},{"text":"geodetic","start":9839.7,"end":9840.181},{"text":"products.","start":9840.181,"end":9840.663}]},{"text":"With a more dense network of observing stations, Vigos will become even more powerful.","start":9841.321,"end":9846.074,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"With","start":9841.321,"end":9841.498},{"text":"a","start":9841.562,"end":9841.578},{"text":"more","start":9841.643,"end":9841.835},{"text":"dense","start":9841.948,"end":9842.285},{"text":"network","start":9842.285,"end":9842.766},{"text":"of","start":9842.766,"end":9842.911},{"text":"observing","start":9842.911,"end":9843.762},{"text":"stations,","start":9843.81,"end":9844.26},{"text":"Vigos","start":9844.308,"end":9844.581},{"text":"will","start":9844.677,"end":9844.838},{"text":"become","start":9844.838,"end":9845.062},{"text":"even","start":9845.175,"end":9845.319},{"text":"more","start":9845.319,"end":9845.512},{"text":"powerful.","start":9845.576,"end":9846.074}]},{"text":"On the other hand, we also see an increased level of disturbances at the Vigos stations due to active users of the radio frequency spectrum.","start":9846.845,"end":9853.733,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"On","start":9846.845,"end":9846.941},{"text":"the","start":9846.941,"end":9847.086},{"text":"other","start":9847.086,"end":9847.326},{"text":"hand,","start":9847.326,"end":9847.519},{"text":"we","start":9847.567,"end":9847.648},{"text":"also","start":9847.648,"end":9847.904},{"text":"see","start":9847.92,"end":9848.145},{"text":"an","start":9848.145,"end":9848.193},{"text":"increased","start":9848.29,"end":9848.739},{"text":"level","start":9848.771,"end":9849.077},{"text":"of","start":9849.077,"end":9849.157},{"text":"disturbances","start":9849.173,"end":9849.96},{"text":"at","start":9850.056,"end":9850.152},{"text":"the","start":9850.152,"end":9850.184},{"text":"Vigos","start":9850.233,"end":9850.506},{"text":"stations","start":9850.506,"end":9851.003},{"text":"due","start":9851.116,"end":9851.276},{"text":"to","start":9851.276,"end":9851.405},{"text":"active","start":9851.517,"end":9851.806},{"text":"users","start":9851.838,"end":9852.207},{"text":"of","start":9852.256,"end":9852.368},{"text":"the","start":9852.4,"end":9852.48},{"text":"radio","start":9852.48,"end":9852.785},{"text":"frequency","start":9852.785,"end":9853.219},{"text":"spectrum.","start":9853.219,"end":9853.733}]},{"text":"There is a risk that Vigos gets blinded.","start":9854.407,"end":9856.462,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"There","start":9854.407,"end":9854.52},{"text":"is","start":9854.552,"end":9854.616},{"text":"a","start":9854.728,"end":9854.809},{"text":"risk","start":9854.809,"end":9855.13},{"text":"that","start":9855.13,"end":9855.354},{"text":"Vigos","start":9855.354,"end":9855.627},{"text":"gets","start":9855.692,"end":9856.013},{"text":"blinded.","start":9856.013,"end":9856.462}]},{"text":"The unwanted electromagnetic radiation originates from ground-based systems such as 5G mobile telephony, as well as spaceborne systems such as satellite communication constellations.","start":9857.602,"end":9868.581,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":9857.602,"end":9857.667},{"text":"unwanted","start":9857.763,"end":9858.806},{"text":"electromagnetic","start":9858.806,"end":9859.625},{"text":"radiation","start":9859.625,"end":9860.316},{"text":"originates","start":9860.332,"end":9860.974},{"text":"from","start":9860.974,"end":9861.07},{"text":"ground-based","start":9861.135,"end":9861.632},{"text":"systems","start":9861.632,"end":9862.13},{"text":"such","start":9862.13,"end":9862.403},{"text":"as","start":9862.499,"end":9862.564},{"text":"5G","start":9862.74,"end":9863.896},{"text":"mobile","start":9863.96,"end":9864.458},{"text":"telephony,","start":9864.25,"end":9864.731},{"text":"as","start":9864.907,"end":9864.971},{"text":"well","start":9865.084,"end":9865.26},{"text":"as","start":9865.26,"end":9865.308},{"text":"spaceborne","start":9865.308,"end":9865.854},{"text":"systems","start":9865.902,"end":9866.303},{"text":"such","start":9866.303,"end":9866.56},{"text":"as","start":9866.672,"end":9866.736},{"text":"satellite","start":9866.768,"end":9867.234},{"text":"communication","start":9867.234,"end":9867.843},{"text":"constellations.","start":9867.875,"end":9868.581}]},{"text":"The IVS is performing research and development sessions to find optimum frequencies with low level of disturbances.","start":9869.255,"end":9875.961,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":9869.255,"end":9869.383},{"text":"IVS","start":9869.399,"end":9869.785},{"text":"is","start":9870.041,"end":9870.105},{"text":"performing","start":9870.619,"end":9871.148},{"text":"research","start":9871.341,"end":9871.806},{"text":"and","start":9871.806,"end":9871.886},{"text":"development","start":9871.886,"end":9872.384},{"text":"sessions","start":9872.384,"end":9872.72},{"text":"to","start":9872.72,"end":9872.913},{"text":"find","start":9872.929,"end":9873.154},{"text":"optimum","start":9873.266,"end":9873.667},{"text":"frequencies","start":9873.667,"end":9874.277},{"text":"with","start":9874.469,"end":9874.646},{"text":"low","start":9874.71,"end":9874.79},{"text":"level","start":9874.934,"end":9875.143},{"text":"of","start":9875.175,"end":9875.271},{"text":"disturbances.","start":9875.271,"end":9875.961}]},{"text":"In parallel, there are initiatives on the IAU, IUGG, and ITU level to coordinate and/or regulate Vigo's frequency bands.","start":9876.154,"end":9884.176,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":9876.154,"end":9876.202},{"text":"parallel,","start":9876.314,"end":9876.763},{"text":"there","start":9876.796,"end":9876.956},{"text":"are","start":9876.956,"end":9877.036},{"text":"initiatives","start":9877.036,"end":9877.646},{"text":"on","start":9877.742,"end":9877.838},{"text":"the","start":9877.838,"end":9877.983},{"text":"IAU,","start":9877.999,"end":9878.4},{"text":"IUGG,","start":9879.042,"end":9879.764},{"text":"and","start":9879.908,"end":9880.02},{"text":"ITU","start":9880.149,"end":9880.582},{"text":"level","start":9880.582,"end":9880.838},{"text":"to","start":9880.887,"end":9881.015},{"text":"coordinate","start":9881.031,"end":9881.705},{"text":"and/or","start":9882.234,"end":9882.523},{"text":"regulate","start":9882.571,"end":9883.117},{"text":"Vigo's","start":9883.117,"end":9883.341},{"text":"frequency","start":9883.438,"end":9883.855},{"text":"bands.","start":9883.919,"end":9884.176}]},{"text":"This goes hand in hand with initiatives to keep the dark side of the moon a radio quiet zone.","start":9884.336,"end":9889.839,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":9884.336,"end":9884.496},{"text":"goes","start":9884.496,"end":9884.785},{"text":"hand","start":9884.962,"end":9885.218},{"text":"in","start":9885.218,"end":9885.266},{"text":"hand","start":9885.363,"end":9885.7},{"text":"with","start":9885.7,"end":9885.94},{"text":"initiatives","start":9885.94,"end":9886.55},{"text":"to","start":9886.582,"end":9886.742},{"text":"keep","start":9886.742,"end":9887.063},{"text":"the","start":9887.063,"end":9887.144},{"text":"dark","start":9887.144,"end":9887.4},{"text":"side","start":9887.4,"end":9887.641},{"text":"of","start":9887.641,"end":9887.753},{"text":"the","start":9887.769,"end":9887.849},{"text":"moon","start":9887.849,"end":9888.074},{"text":"a","start":9888.106,"end":9888.122},{"text":"radio","start":9888.251,"end":9889.085},{"text":"quiet","start":9889.293,"end":9889.55},{"text":"zone.","start":9889.55,"end":9889.839}]},{"text":"for further radio astronomical observations.","start":9890.257,"end":9892.175,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"for","start":9890.257,"end":9890.354},{"text":"further","start":9890.354,"end":9890.74},{"text":"radio","start":9890.74,"end":9890.966},{"text":"astronomical","start":9890.998,"end":9891.563},{"text":"observations.","start":9891.563,"end":9892.175}]},{"text":"Next slide, please.","start":9892.772,"end":9893.465,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next","start":9892.772,"end":9892.965},{"text":"slide,","start":9892.965,"end":9893.223},{"text":"please.","start":9893.255,"end":9893.465}]},{"text":"Thank you very much.","start":9894.384,"end":9895.044,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":9894.384,"end":9894.69},{"text":"you","start":9894.69,"end":9894.77},{"text":"very","start":9894.77,"end":9894.883},{"text":"much.","start":9894.883,"end":9895.044}]},{"text":"If you want to know more, please contact me or check these 2 web links given there.","start":9895.351,"end":9900.076,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"If","start":9895.351,"end":9895.576},{"text":"you","start":9895.576,"end":9895.657},{"text":"want","start":9895.673,"end":9895.834},{"text":"to","start":9895.834,"end":9895.931},{"text":"know","start":9895.931,"end":9896.044},{"text":"more,","start":9896.092,"end":9896.35},{"text":"please","start":9896.56,"end":9896.769},{"text":"contact","start":9896.866,"end":9897.35},{"text":"me","start":9897.35,"end":9897.559},{"text":"or","start":9897.769,"end":9897.849},{"text":"check","start":9897.849,"end":9898.107},{"text":"these","start":9898.14,"end":9898.305},{"text":"2","start":9898.421,"end":9898.636},{"text":"web","start":9898.835,"end":9899.149},{"text":"links","start":9899.149,"end":9899.53},{"text":"given","start":9899.563,"end":9899.828},{"text":"there.","start":9899.828,"end":9900.076}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Rüdiger Haas","affiliation":"IVS","affiliation_full":"IVS","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":53,"start":9902.392,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1a/k1ad4k1m9e?t=9903","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of Germany for the presentation.","start":9902.392,"end":9905.9,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":9902.392,"end":9902.441},{"text":"thank","start":9902.474,"end":9902.72},{"text":"the","start":9902.72,"end":9902.753},{"text":"distinguished","start":9902.818,"end":9903.441},{"text":"representative","start":9903.441,"end":9904.113},{"text":"of","start":9904.113,"end":9904.261},{"text":"Germany","start":9904.261,"end":9904.736},{"text":"for","start":9904.851,"end":9905.097},{"text":"the","start":9905.097,"end":9905.179},{"text":"presentation.","start":9905.179,"end":9905.9}]},{"text":"The 3rd presentation on my list is on China Meteorological Administration Space Weather Operations Update by the representative of China.","start":9907.14,"end":9915.395,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":9907.14,"end":9907.172},{"text":"3rd","start":9907.172,"end":9907.495},{"text":"presentation","start":9907.495,"end":9908.125},{"text":"on","start":9908.125,"end":9908.19},{"text":"my","start":9908.222,"end":9908.448},{"text":"list","start":9908.448,"end":9908.723},{"text":"is","start":9908.723,"end":9908.836},{"text":"on","start":9908.868,"end":9908.917},{"text":"China","start":9909.03,"end":9909.434},{"text":"Meteorological","start":9909.434,"end":9910.322},{"text":"Administration","start":9910.322,"end":9911.308},{"text":"Space","start":9911.308,"end":9911.776},{"text":"Weather","start":9911.776,"end":9912.099},{"text":"Operations","start":9912.099,"end":9912.681},{"text":"Update","start":9912.891,"end":9913.456},{"text":"by","start":9913.796,"end":9913.957},{"text":"the","start":9913.957,"end":9914.102},{"text":"representative","start":9914.102,"end":9914.813},{"text":"of","start":9915.007,"end":9915.056},{"text":"China.","start":9915.169,"end":9915.395}]},{"text":"You have the floor.","start":9915.713,"end":9916.403,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"You","start":9915.713,"end":9915.799},{"text":"have","start":9915.799,"end":9915.955},{"text":"the","start":9915.989,"end":9916.075},{"text":"floor.","start":9916.075,"end":9916.403}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"COPUOS","affiliation_full":"COPUOS","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":54,"start":9921.97,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1a/k1ad4k1m9e?t=9922","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Mrs.","start":9921.97,"end":9922.131,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Mrs.","start":9921.97,"end":9922.131}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"Chair and distinguished delegates, it's a great honor to— it's a great honor to have this opportunity to give this presentation.","start":9922.244,"end":9930.443,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Chair","start":9922.244,"end":9922.663},{"text":"and","start":9922.712,"end":9922.793},{"text":"distinguished","start":9922.889,"end":9923.971},{"text":"delegates,","start":9923.971,"end":9924.31},{"text":"it's","start":9924.6,"end":9924.745},{"text":"a","start":9924.745,"end":9924.81},{"text":"great","start":9924.81,"end":9925.084},{"text":"honor","start":9925.213,"end":9925.472},{"text":"to—","start":9925.472,"end":9925.585},{"text":"it's","start":9926.94,"end":9927.199},{"text":"a","start":9927.312,"end":9927.328},{"text":"great","start":9927.328,"end":9927.634},{"text":"honor","start":9927.634,"end":9927.876},{"text":"to","start":9927.876,"end":9927.989},{"text":"have","start":9928.038,"end":9928.231},{"text":"this","start":9928.231,"end":9928.538},{"text":"opportunity","start":9928.603,"end":9929.038},{"text":"to","start":9929.103,"end":9929.232},{"text":"give","start":9929.264,"end":9929.474},{"text":"this","start":9929.506,"end":9929.749},{"text":"presentation.","start":9929.749,"end":9930.443}]},{"text":"I come from the China Meteorological Administration, and my topic is the CMA Space Weather Operations Update.","start":9930.781,"end":9937.569,"topics":[{"key":"space-weather","label":"Space Weather","description":"Multiple interventions addressed monitoring and forecasting of solar and ionospheric phenomena that can affect satellites, communications, navigation, aviation, and infrastructure on Earth. The discussion also covered scientific missions, operational warning systems, and international training and capacity-building."}],"words":[{"text":"I","start":9930.781,"end":9930.798},{"text":"come","start":9930.814,"end":9931.04},{"text":"from","start":9931.04,"end":9931.25},{"text":"the","start":9931.25,"end":9931.298},{"text":"China","start":9931.346,"end":9931.701},{"text":"Meteorological","start":9931.91,"end":9932.652},{"text":"Administration,","start":9932.652,"end":9933.265},{"text":"and","start":9933.764,"end":9933.861},{"text":"my","start":9933.861,"end":9933.942},{"text":"topic","start":9934.022,"end":9934.409},{"text":"is","start":9934.57,"end":9934.635},{"text":"the","start":9934.748,"end":9934.989},{"text":"CMA","start":9934.989,"end":9935.57},{"text":"Space","start":9935.892,"end":9936.15},{"text":"Weather","start":9936.263,"end":9936.505},{"text":"Operations","start":9936.585,"end":9937.053},{"text":"Update.","start":9937.166,"end":9937.569}]},{"text":"Next, please.","start":9938.036,"end":9938.907,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next,","start":9938.036,"end":9938.294},{"text":"please.","start":9938.697,"end":9938.907}]},{"text":"And this presentation consists of 3 parts.","start":9941.487,"end":9946.015,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":9941.487,"end":9941.793},{"text":"this","start":9943.34,"end":9943.502},{"text":"presentation","start":9943.518,"end":9944.211},{"text":"consists","start":9944.307,"end":9945.274},{"text":"of","start":9945.274,"end":9945.435},{"text":"3","start":9945.435,"end":9945.677},{"text":"parts.","start":9945.677,"end":9946.015}]},{"text":"First is the Fengyun Space Program.","start":9946.176,"end":9948.11,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"First","start":9946.176,"end":9946.483},{"text":"is","start":9946.483,"end":9946.708},{"text":"the","start":9946.74,"end":9946.821},{"text":"Fengyun","start":9946.821,"end":9947.159},{"text":"Space","start":9947.159,"end":9947.433},{"text":"Program.","start":9947.707,"end":9948.11}]},{"text":"Next, please.","start":9948.78,"end":9949.262,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next,","start":9948.78,"end":9948.956},{"text":"please.","start":9949.037,"end":9949.262}]},{"text":"And at present, 8 F5 satellites operate in orbit, including 4 GEO satellites and 4 LEO satellites.","start":9951.77,"end":9960.608,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":9951.77,"end":9951.834},{"text":"at","start":9951.947,"end":9952.107},{"text":"present,","start":9952.107,"end":9952.686},{"text":"8","start":9953.008,"end":9953.152},{"text":"F5","start":9953.538,"end":9954.246},{"text":"satellites","start":9954.278,"end":9954.84},{"text":"operate","start":9954.84,"end":9955.226},{"text":"in","start":9955.226,"end":9955.339},{"text":"orbit,","start":9955.468,"end":9955.805},{"text":"including","start":9956.191,"end":9956.657},{"text":"4","start":9956.754,"end":9957.107},{"text":"GEO","start":9957.14,"end":9957.494},{"text":"satellites","start":9957.494,"end":9958.705},{"text":"and","start":9958.705,"end":9958.866},{"text":"4","start":9958.866,"end":9959.043},{"text":"LEO","start":9959.043,"end":9959.915},{"text":"satellites.","start":9960.141,"end":9960.608}]},{"text":"And F5-3C has been replaced by the F5-3F and decommissioned on November 28th, 2024.","start":9961.109,"end":9969.001,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":9961.109,"end":9961.27},{"text":"F5-3C","start":9961.27,"end":9962.254},{"text":"has","start":9962.399,"end":9962.641},{"text":"been","start":9962.641,"end":9962.787},{"text":"replaced","start":9962.819,"end":9963.464},{"text":"by","start":9963.464,"end":9963.626},{"text":"the","start":9963.626,"end":9963.706},{"text":"F5-3F","start":9963.706,"end":9964.868},{"text":"and","start":9965.062,"end":9965.255},{"text":"decommissioned","start":9965.255,"end":9966.03},{"text":"on","start":9966.03,"end":9966.094},{"text":"November","start":9966.385,"end":9966.74},{"text":"28th,","start":9966.912,"end":9967.667},{"text":"2024.","start":9967.892,"end":9969.001}]},{"text":"Next, please.","start":9969.387,"end":9969.933,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next,","start":9969.387,"end":9969.58},{"text":"please.","start":9969.644,"end":9969.933}]},{"text":"And FY3, I've officially become operational so far since July 1st, 2024.","start":9972.135,"end":9980.914,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":9972.135,"end":9972.457},{"text":"FY3,","start":9973.084,"end":9974.032},{"text":"I've","start":9974.209,"end":9975.012},{"text":"officially","start":9975.093,"end":9975.752},{"text":"become","start":9975.752,"end":9976.042},{"text":"operational","start":9976.478,"end":9977.139},{"text":"so","start":9977.139,"end":9977.349},{"text":"far","start":9977.365,"end":9977.785},{"text":"since","start":9977.785,"end":9978.252},{"text":"July","start":9978.72,"end":9978.962},{"text":"1st,","start":9978.962,"end":9979.462},{"text":"2024.","start":9979.85,"end":9980.914}]},{"text":"It has replaced the FY3C's duties and will continue to provide the 3D global atmospheric detection data for the numerical weather prediction models with modern 50 products and 40 times improved vertical detection of atmospheric temperature and humidity.","start":9981.237,"end":10000.287,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"It","start":9981.237,"end":9981.334},{"text":"has","start":9981.334,"end":9981.447},{"text":"replaced","start":9981.624,"end":9982.124},{"text":"the","start":9982.124,"end":9982.205},{"text":"FY3C's","start":9982.383,"end":9983.722},{"text":"duties","start":9983.722,"end":9984.109},{"text":"and","start":9984.206,"end":9984.302},{"text":"will","start":9984.367,"end":9984.528},{"text":"continue","start":9984.528,"end":9984.867},{"text":"to","start":9984.867,"end":9984.964},{"text":"provide","start":9985.028,"end":9985.4},{"text":"the","start":9985.4,"end":9985.448},{"text":"3D","start":9985.448,"end":9986},{"text":"global","start":9986.406,"end":9986.796},{"text":"atmospheric","start":9986.877,"end":9988.193},{"text":"detection","start":9988.339,"end":9988.761},{"text":"data","start":9988.761,"end":9989.005},{"text":"for","start":9989.086,"end":9989.33},{"text":"the","start":9989.33,"end":9989.411},{"text":"numerical","start":9989.411,"end":9990.028},{"text":"weather","start":9990.207,"end":9990.532},{"text":"prediction","start":9990.532,"end":9991.084},{"text":"models","start":9991.197,"end":9991.522},{"text":"with","start":9991.603,"end":9991.798},{"text":"modern","start":9991.831,"end":9992.221},{"text":"50","start":9992.442,"end":9992.783},{"text":"products","start":9992.929,"end":9994.212},{"text":"and","start":9994.294,"end":9994.407},{"text":"40","start":9994.472,"end":9995.106},{"text":"times","start":9995.122,"end":9995.463},{"text":"improved","start":9995.934,"end":9996.34},{"text":"vertical","start":9996.34,"end":9996.876},{"text":"detection","start":9997.396,"end":9997.851},{"text":"of","start":9997.948,"end":9998.111},{"text":"atmospheric","start":9998.127,"end":9998.955},{"text":"temperature","start":9999.02,"end":9999.491},{"text":"and","start":9999.491,"end":9999.637},{"text":"humidity.","start":9999.67,"end":10000.287}]},{"text":"Next, please.","start":10001.21,"end":10001.744,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next,","start":10001.21,"end":10001.485},{"text":"please.","start":10001.534,"end":10001.744}]},{"text":"And FY3G officially became operational since May 1st, 2024.","start":10003.397,"end":10011.485,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":10003.397,"end":10003.461},{"text":"FY3G","start":10004.223,"end":10004.773},{"text":"officially","start":10005.016,"end":10005.47},{"text":"became","start":10005.583,"end":10006.085},{"text":"operational","start":10006.474,"end":10007.446},{"text":"since","start":10007.446,"end":10008.029},{"text":"May","start":10008.564,"end":10008.645},{"text":"1st,","start":10008.645,"end":10009.129},{"text":"2024.","start":10010.275,"end":10011.485}]},{"text":"And FY3G is the Chinese first precipitation measurement satellite equipped with the Ku and Ka-band dual-ray focusing precipitation measurement radar and could marry the 3D structure of the precipitation and the cloud— the microphysical parameters.","start":10011.792,"end":10029.617,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":10011.792,"end":10012.05},{"text":"FY3G","start":10012.76,"end":10013.922},{"text":"is","start":10014.213,"end":10014.277},{"text":"the","start":10014.374,"end":10014.471},{"text":"Chinese","start":10014.471,"end":10014.891},{"text":"first","start":10014.955,"end":10015.423},{"text":"precipitation","start":10015.423,"end":10016.214},{"text":"measurement","start":10016.23,"end":10016.747},{"text":"satellite","start":10016.747,"end":10017.311},{"text":"equipped","start":10017.683,"end":10017.973},{"text":"with","start":10017.972,"end":10018.23},{"text":"the","start":10018.294,"end":10018.455},{"text":"Ku","start":10018.455,"end":10018.906},{"text":"and","start":10018.922,"end":10019.035},{"text":"Ka-band","start":10019.1,"end":10020.324},{"text":"dual-ray","start":10020.389,"end":10020.775},{"text":"focusing","start":10020.775,"end":10021.243},{"text":"precipitation","start":10021.356,"end":10022.161},{"text":"measurement","start":10022.161,"end":10023.225},{"text":"radar","start":10023.289,"end":10023.66},{"text":"and","start":10023.853,"end":10023.95},{"text":"could","start":10024.079,"end":10024.256},{"text":"marry","start":10024.256,"end":10024.562},{"text":"the","start":10024.562,"end":10024.61},{"text":"3D","start":10024.659,"end":10025.062},{"text":"structure","start":10025.142,"end":10025.609},{"text":"of","start":10025.609,"end":10025.771},{"text":"the","start":10025.771,"end":10025.867},{"text":"precipitation","start":10025.867,"end":10026.48},{"text":"and","start":10026.656,"end":10026.753},{"text":"the","start":10026.753,"end":10026.914},{"text":"cloud—","start":10026.914,"end":10027.364},{"text":"the","start":10027.541,"end":10027.734},{"text":"microphysical","start":10028.201,"end":10029.07},{"text":"parameters.","start":10029.086,"end":10029.617}]},{"text":"Next, please.","start":10030.293,"end":10030.904,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next,","start":10030.293,"end":10030.679},{"text":"please.","start":10030.695,"end":10030.904}]},{"text":"And for the Fengyun GEO satellite program, 2 FY2 satellites is the first generation and 2 FY4 satellites is the second generation.","start":10032.706,"end":10042.753,"topics":[{"key":"space-weather","label":"Space Weather","description":"Multiple interventions addressed monitoring and forecasting of solar and ionospheric phenomena that can affect satellites, communications, navigation, aviation, and infrastructure on Earth. The discussion also covered scientific missions, operational warning systems, and international training and capacity-building."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":10032.706,"end":10032.867},{"text":"for","start":10032.883,"end":10033.189},{"text":"the","start":10033.189,"end":10033.446},{"text":"Fengyun","start":10033.752,"end":10034.123},{"text":"GEO","start":10034.236,"end":10034.558},{"text":"satellite","start":10034.655,"end":10035.123},{"text":"program,","start":10035.123,"end":10035.591},{"text":"2","start":10035.671,"end":10035.8},{"text":"FY2","start":10036.494,"end":10037.075},{"text":"satellites","start":10037.123,"end":10037.559},{"text":"is","start":10037.559,"end":10037.672},{"text":"the","start":10037.768,"end":10037.849},{"text":"first","start":10037.849,"end":10038.156},{"text":"generation","start":10038.188,"end":10038.801},{"text":"and","start":10038.817,"end":10038.93},{"text":"2","start":10039.059,"end":10039.252},{"text":"FY4","start":10040.607,"end":10041.027},{"text":"satellites","start":10041.237,"end":10041.672},{"text":"is","start":10041.672,"end":10041.785},{"text":"the","start":10041.801,"end":10041.914},{"text":"second","start":10041.914,"end":10042.301},{"text":"generation.","start":10042.301,"end":10042.753}]},{"text":"And last year, The FY-4B is located to the 1,005 degrees east longitude.","start":10042.93,"end":10051.983,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":10042.93,"end":10043.011},{"text":"last","start":10043.108,"end":10043.237},{"text":"year,","start":10043.414,"end":10043.495},{"text":"The","start":10043.59,"end":10044.008},{"text":"FY-4B","start":10044.427,"end":10045.233},{"text":"is","start":10045.233,"end":10045.362},{"text":"located","start":10047.875,"end":10048.407},{"text":"to","start":10048.455,"end":10048.568},{"text":"the","start":10048.616,"end":10048.761},{"text":"1,005","start":10048.761,"end":10050.034},{"text":"degrees","start":10050.05,"end":10050.356},{"text":"east","start":10050.614,"end":10051.033},{"text":"longitude.","start":10051.275,"end":10051.983}]},{"text":"Next, please.","start":10052.484,"end":10052.988,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next,","start":10052.484,"end":10052.679},{"text":"please.","start":10052.793,"end":10052.988}]},{"text":"And the next topic is the enhancing early warning system to facilitate SDGS.","start":10054.336,"end":10060.431,"topics":[{"key":"space-weather","label":"Space Weather","description":"Multiple interventions addressed monitoring and forecasting of solar and ionospheric phenomena that can affect satellites, communications, navigation, aviation, and infrastructure on Earth. The discussion also covered scientific missions, operational warning systems, and international training and capacity-building."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":10054.336,"end":10054.401},{"text":"the","start":10054.515,"end":10054.774},{"text":"next","start":10054.774,"end":10055.083},{"text":"topic","start":10055.083,"end":10055.505},{"text":"is","start":10055.635,"end":10055.781},{"text":"the","start":10055.895,"end":10056.155},{"text":"enhancing","start":10056.447,"end":10056.999},{"text":"early","start":10057.422,"end":10057.974},{"text":"warning","start":10058.071,"end":10058.347},{"text":"system","start":10058.347,"end":10058.721},{"text":"to","start":10058.883,"end":10059.126},{"text":"facilitate","start":10059.126,"end":10059.609},{"text":"SDGS.","start":10059.625,"end":10060.431}]},{"text":"Next, please.","start":10060.769,"end":10061.284,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next,","start":10060.769,"end":10061.059},{"text":"please.","start":10061.075,"end":10061.284}]},{"text":"And the Fengyun satellite has been included in the Global Earth Observation Satellite sequence by the World Meteorological Organization, and also is the duty satellite of the Charter, and it's the duty satellite of the Emergency Support Mechanism for the international users.","start":10062.669,"end":10081.657,"topics":[{"key":"space-weather","label":"Space Weather","description":"Multiple interventions addressed monitoring and forecasting of solar and ionospheric phenomena that can affect satellites, communications, navigation, aviation, and infrastructure on Earth. The discussion also covered scientific missions, operational warning systems, and international training and capacity-building."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":10062.669,"end":10062.911},{"text":"the","start":10063.088,"end":10063.313},{"text":"Fengyun","start":10063.313,"end":10063.587},{"text":"satellite","start":10063.587,"end":10064.022},{"text":"has","start":10064.038,"end":10064.263},{"text":"been","start":10064.279,"end":10064.505},{"text":"included","start":10064.618,"end":10065.229},{"text":"in","start":10065.935,"end":10066.001},{"text":"the","start":10066.034,"end":10066.297},{"text":"Global","start":10066.429,"end":10067.103},{"text":"Earth","start":10067.169,"end":10067.646},{"text":"Observation","start":10068.156,"end":10068.683},{"text":"Satellite","start":10068.749,"end":10069.407},{"text":"sequence","start":10069.27,"end":10069.784},{"text":"by","start":10069.784,"end":10069.944},{"text":"the","start":10069.944,"end":10070.025},{"text":"World","start":10070.989,"end":10071.246},{"text":"Meteorological","start":10071.246,"end":10072.596},{"text":"Organization,","start":10072.596,"end":10073.126},{"text":"and","start":10073.383,"end":10073.625},{"text":"also","start":10073.705,"end":10073.962},{"text":"is","start":10073.962,"end":10074.058},{"text":"the","start":10074.187,"end":10074.283},{"text":"duty","start":10074.283,"end":10074.541},{"text":"satellite","start":10074.541,"end":10075.007},{"text":"of","start":10075.007,"end":10075.135},{"text":"the","start":10075.167,"end":10075.312},{"text":"Charter,","start":10075.312,"end":10075.714},{"text":"and","start":10076.115,"end":10076.276},{"text":"it's","start":10076.276,"end":10076.437},{"text":"the","start":10076.437,"end":10076.469},{"text":"duty","start":10076.598,"end":10076.871},{"text":"satellite","start":10076.871,"end":10077.497},{"text":"of","start":10077.497,"end":10077.642},{"text":"the","start":10077.738,"end":10078.108},{"text":"Emergency","start":10078.43,"end":10078.914},{"text":"Support","start":10079.043,"end":10079.624},{"text":"Mechanism","start":10079.914,"end":10080.479},{"text":"for","start":10080.479,"end":10080.721},{"text":"the","start":10080.721,"end":10080.786},{"text":"international","start":10080.866,"end":10081.302},{"text":"users.","start":10081.302,"end":10081.657}]},{"text":"Next, please.","start":10082.416,"end":10083.029,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next,","start":10082.416,"end":10082.771},{"text":"please.","start":10082.819,"end":10083.029}]},{"text":"And the FY-3C satellite has been the duty satellite of the Charter from 2014, and FY-3D, FY-2D, 2H and FY-4A has been the duty satellite of the charters since December of 2021.","start":10084.497,"end":10103.505,"topics":[{"key":"space-weather","label":"Space Weather","description":"Multiple interventions addressed monitoring and forecasting of solar and ionospheric phenomena that can affect satellites, communications, navigation, aviation, and infrastructure on Earth. The discussion also covered scientific missions, operational warning systems, and international training and capacity-building."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":10084.497,"end":10084.756},{"text":"the","start":10085.708,"end":10085.966},{"text":"FY-3C","start":10086.208,"end":10086.757},{"text":"satellite","start":10086.757,"end":10087.386},{"text":"has","start":10087.402,"end":10087.628},{"text":"been","start":10087.66,"end":10087.79},{"text":"the","start":10087.79,"end":10087.905},{"text":"duty","start":10087.905,"end":10088.235},{"text":"satellite","start":10088.235,"end":10088.828},{"text":"of","start":10089.158,"end":10089.224},{"text":"the","start":10089.224,"end":10089.306},{"text":"Charter","start":10089.306,"end":10089.801},{"text":"from","start":10089.801,"end":10090.081},{"text":"2014,","start":10090.279,"end":10091.335},{"text":"and","start":10093.27,"end":10093.574},{"text":"FY-3D,","start":10093.811,"end":10094.385},{"text":"FY-2D,","start":10094.402,"end":10095.096},{"text":"2H","start":10095.16,"end":10095.467},{"text":"and","start":10095.661,"end":10095.806},{"text":"FY-4A","start":10096,"end":10097.698},{"text":"has","start":10098.005,"end":10098.232},{"text":"been","start":10098.248,"end":10098.426},{"text":"the","start":10098.426,"end":10098.458},{"text":"duty","start":10098.506,"end":10098.83},{"text":"satellite","start":10098.83,"end":10099.299},{"text":"of","start":10099.299,"end":10099.444},{"text":"the","start":10099.477,"end":10099.703},{"text":"charters","start":10099.703,"end":10100.091},{"text":"since","start":10100.447,"end":10100.722},{"text":"December","start":10101.579,"end":10102.065},{"text":"of","start":10102.065,"end":10102.194},{"text":"2021.","start":10102.389,"end":10103.505}]},{"text":"And since 2018, more than 150 satellites has been provided to the 75 countries or regions for the various disasters monitor and assessment.","start":10103.845,"end":10114.985,"topics":[{"key":"space-weather","label":"Space Weather","description":"Multiple interventions addressed monitoring and forecasting of solar and ionospheric phenomena that can affect satellites, communications, navigation, aviation, and infrastructure on Earth. The discussion also covered scientific missions, operational warning systems, and international training and capacity-building."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":10103.845,"end":10103.958},{"text":"since","start":10104.007,"end":10104.298},{"text":"2018,","start":10104.476,"end":10105.593},{"text":"more","start":10106.127,"end":10106.354},{"text":"than","start":10106.354,"end":10106.483},{"text":"150","start":10106.516,"end":10107.633},{"text":"satellites","start":10107.633,"end":10108.037},{"text":"has","start":10108.037,"end":10108.183},{"text":"been","start":10108.28,"end":10108.426},{"text":"provided","start":10108.539,"end":10109.024},{"text":"to","start":10109.024,"end":10109.3},{"text":"the","start":10109.802,"end":10109.917},{"text":"75","start":10109.933,"end":10110.699},{"text":"countries","start":10110.731,"end":10111.188},{"text":"or","start":10111.302,"end":10111.383},{"text":"regions","start":10111.383,"end":10111.758},{"text":"for","start":10111.856,"end":10112.019},{"text":"the","start":10112.019,"end":10112.182},{"text":"various","start":10112.182,"end":10112.687},{"text":"disasters","start":10112.687,"end":10113.339},{"text":"monitor","start":10113.747,"end":10114.203},{"text":"and","start":10114.236,"end":10114.415},{"text":"assessment.","start":10114.48,"end":10114.985}]},{"text":"Next slide, please.","start":10115.845,"end":10116.515,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next","start":10115.845,"end":10116.008},{"text":"slide,","start":10116.008,"end":10116.139},{"text":"please.","start":10116.302,"end":10116.515}]},{"text":"And the CMA established the Emergency called mechanism, the phone user ties for the international users on the April of the 2018.","start":10118.345,"end":10127.29,"topics":[{"key":"space-weather","label":"Space Weather","description":"Multiple interventions addressed monitoring and forecasting of solar and ionospheric phenomena that can affect satellites, communications, navigation, aviation, and infrastructure on Earth. The discussion also covered scientific missions, operational warning systems, and international training and capacity-building."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":10118.345,"end":10118.475},{"text":"the","start":10118.508,"end":10118.606},{"text":"CMA","start":10118.606,"end":10119.162},{"text":"established","start":10119.162,"end":10120.06},{"text":"the","start":10120.06,"end":10120.322},{"text":"Emergency","start":10120.371,"end":10120.6},{"text":"called","start":10120.9,"end":10121.269},{"text":"mechanism,","start":10121.333,"end":10121.815},{"text":"the","start":10121.895,"end":10121.975},{"text":"phone","start":10121.991,"end":10122.361},{"text":"user","start":10122.361,"end":10122.537},{"text":"ties","start":10122.553,"end":10122.907},{"text":"for","start":10123.019,"end":10123.485},{"text":"the","start":10123.485,"end":10123.581},{"text":"international","start":10123.581,"end":10124.111},{"text":"users","start":10124.127,"end":10124.432},{"text":"on","start":10124.689,"end":10124.753},{"text":"the","start":10124.801,"end":10125.106},{"text":"April","start":10125.572,"end":10126.054},{"text":"of","start":10126.054,"end":10126.198},{"text":"the","start":10126.214,"end":10126.311},{"text":"2018.","start":10126.311,"end":10127.29}]},{"text":"And once the I5ESM is activated, highly frequent observation of the given area at intervals up to 1 minute will provide to the users.","start":10127.74,"end":10138.803,"topics":[{"key":"space-weather","label":"Space Weather","description":"Multiple interventions addressed monitoring and forecasting of solar and ionospheric phenomena that can affect satellites, communications, navigation, aviation, and infrastructure on Earth. The discussion also covered scientific missions, operational warning systems, and international training and capacity-building."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":10127.74,"end":10127.852},{"text":"once","start":10127.916,"end":10128.173},{"text":"the","start":10128.237,"end":10128.462},{"text":"I5ESM","start":10128.783,"end":10129.859},{"text":"is","start":10129.859,"end":10129.939},{"text":"activated,","start":10130.084,"end":10130.742},{"text":"highly","start":10130.79,"end":10131.047},{"text":"frequent","start":10131.047,"end":10131.625},{"text":"observation","start":10131.69,"end":10132.3},{"text":"of","start":10132.332,"end":10132.412},{"text":"the","start":10132.412,"end":10132.573},{"text":"given","start":10132.573,"end":10133.954},{"text":"area","start":10134.323,"end":10134.676},{"text":"at","start":10134.885,"end":10135.077},{"text":"intervals","start":10135.142,"end":10135.591},{"text":"up","start":10135.768,"end":10135.945},{"text":"to","start":10135.945,"end":10136.121},{"text":"1","start":10136.41,"end":10136.555},{"text":"minute","start":10136.667,"end":10137.069},{"text":"will","start":10137.069,"end":10137.261},{"text":"provide","start":10137.711,"end":10138.192},{"text":"to","start":10138.192,"end":10138.353},{"text":"the","start":10138.353,"end":10138.433},{"text":"users.","start":10138.433,"end":10138.803}]},{"text":"As the December of the 2024, 36 countries has registered the I5ESM and the Since 2018, more than 160 emergency support devices have been provided to 65 countries worldwide through the phone, ESM, and charter mechanism.","start":10139.381,"end":10160.156,"topics":[{"key":"space-weather","label":"Space Weather","description":"Multiple interventions addressed monitoring and forecasting of solar and ionospheric phenomena that can affect satellites, communications, navigation, aviation, and infrastructure on Earth. The discussion also covered scientific missions, operational warning systems, and international training and capacity-building."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":10139.381,"end":10139.525},{"text":"the","start":10139.557,"end":10139.718},{"text":"December","start":10139.718,"end":10140.167},{"text":"of","start":10140.183,"end":10140.328},{"text":"the","start":10140.36,"end":10140.505},{"text":"2024,","start":10140.505,"end":10142.191},{"text":"36","start":10142.207,"end":10143.555},{"text":"countries","start":10143.555,"end":10143.941},{"text":"has","start":10143.957,"end":10144.117},{"text":"registered","start":10144.149,"end":10144.599},{"text":"the","start":10144.599,"end":10144.76},{"text":"I5ESM","start":10145.017,"end":10145.691},{"text":"and","start":10146.124,"end":10146.221},{"text":"the","start":10146.221,"end":10146.301},{"text":"Since","start":10146.462,"end":10146.848},{"text":"2018,","start":10146.865,"end":10148.444},{"text":"more","start":10148.54,"end":10148.653},{"text":"than","start":10148.653,"end":10149.491},{"text":"160","start":10149.684,"end":10150.506},{"text":"emergency","start":10150.828,"end":10151.312},{"text":"support","start":10151.312,"end":10151.715},{"text":"devices","start":10151.715,"end":10151.989},{"text":"have","start":10152.037,"end":10152.23},{"text":"been","start":10152.262,"end":10152.472},{"text":"provided","start":10152.73,"end":10153.149},{"text":"to","start":10153.149,"end":10153.326},{"text":"65","start":10153.326,"end":10154.003},{"text":"countries","start":10154.035,"end":10154.486},{"text":"worldwide","start":10155.549,"end":10155.984},{"text":"through","start":10155.984,"end":10156.178},{"text":"the","start":10156.29,"end":10156.435},{"text":"phone,","start":10156.435,"end":10156.757},{"text":"ESM,","start":10158.69,"end":10158.98},{"text":"and","start":10159.029,"end":10159.19},{"text":"charter","start":10159.254,"end":10159.592},{"text":"mechanism.","start":10159.592,"end":10160.156}]},{"text":"Next, please.","start":10160.623,"end":10161.252,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next,","start":10160.623,"end":10160.962},{"text":"please.","start":10161.026,"end":10161.252}]},{"text":"And this is an emergency device example which shows the FY4B and FY3E satellites monitor the Tonga volcano eruption.","start":10163.91,"end":10173.379,"topics":[{"key":"space-weather","label":"Space Weather","description":"Multiple interventions addressed monitoring and forecasting of solar and ionospheric phenomena that can affect satellites, communications, navigation, aviation, and infrastructure on Earth. The discussion also covered scientific missions, operational warning systems, and international training and capacity-building."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":10163.91,"end":10164.185},{"text":"this","start":10164.185,"end":10164.444},{"text":"is","start":10164.493,"end":10164.719},{"text":"an","start":10164.833,"end":10164.962},{"text":"emergency","start":10164.979,"end":10165.546},{"text":"device","start":10165.546,"end":10166.112},{"text":"example","start":10166.226,"end":10166.696},{"text":"which","start":10166.696,"end":10166.906},{"text":"shows","start":10167.003,"end":10167.311},{"text":"the","start":10167.343,"end":10167.57},{"text":"FY4B","start":10168.234,"end":10168.785},{"text":"and","start":10168.866,"end":10169.028},{"text":"FY3E","start":10169.141,"end":10170.032},{"text":"satellites","start":10170.356,"end":10170.956},{"text":"monitor","start":10170.956,"end":10171.393},{"text":"the","start":10171.393,"end":10171.474},{"text":"Tonga","start":10171.474,"end":10172.235},{"text":"volcano","start":10172.256,"end":10172.809},{"text":"eruption.","start":10172.874,"end":10173.379}]},{"text":"We can clearly see the shockwaves caused by the volcano eruptions.","start":10173.444,"end":10177.643,"topics":[{"key":"space-weather","label":"Space Weather","description":"Multiple interventions addressed monitoring and forecasting of solar and ionospheric phenomena that can affect satellites, communications, navigation, aviation, and infrastructure on Earth. The discussion also covered scientific missions, operational warning systems, and international training and capacity-building."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":10173.444,"end":10173.525},{"text":"can","start":10173.542,"end":10173.851},{"text":"clearly","start":10173.851,"end":10174.111},{"text":"see","start":10174.111,"end":10174.486},{"text":"the","start":10174.486,"end":10174.73},{"text":"shockwaves","start":10174.892,"end":10175.527},{"text":"caused","start":10175.787,"end":10176.194},{"text":"by","start":10176.194,"end":10176.292},{"text":"the","start":10176.292,"end":10176.438},{"text":"volcano","start":10176.438,"end":10176.764},{"text":"eruptions.","start":10177.171,"end":10177.643}]},{"text":"Next, please.","start":10178.37,"end":10178.774,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next,","start":10178.37,"end":10178.483},{"text":"please.","start":10178.548,"end":10178.774}]},{"text":"And we think Fengyun satellites could play a good role in supporting the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.","start":10180.588,"end":10187.032,"topics":[{"key":"space-weather","label":"Space Weather","description":"Multiple interventions addressed monitoring and forecasting of solar and ionospheric phenomena that can affect satellites, communications, navigation, aviation, and infrastructure on Earth. The discussion also covered scientific missions, operational warning systems, and international training and capacity-building."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":10180.588,"end":10180.993},{"text":"we","start":10181.139,"end":10181.252},{"text":"think","start":10181.252,"end":10181.738},{"text":"Fengyun","start":10182.046,"end":10182.369},{"text":"satellites","start":10182.369,"end":10182.855},{"text":"could","start":10182.855,"end":10183.066},{"text":"play","start":10183.098,"end":10183.422},{"text":"a","start":10183.422,"end":10183.503},{"text":"good","start":10183.568,"end":10183.746},{"text":"role","start":10183.746,"end":10183.956},{"text":"in","start":10183.989,"end":10184.037},{"text":"supporting","start":10184.135,"end":10184.604},{"text":"the","start":10184.637,"end":10184.718},{"text":"United","start":10184.718,"end":10185.139},{"text":"Nations","start":10185.139,"end":10185.592},{"text":"Sustainable","start":10185.624,"end":10186.321},{"text":"Development","start":10186.321,"end":10186.742},{"text":"Goals.","start":10186.742,"end":10187.032}]},{"text":"With multiple sensors on the Fengyun satellites, about 90 kinds of the products has been generated in CMA, and the objective of this product include atmosphere They are ocean, land, cloud, radiation, ice and snow, and biology, and space weather.","start":10187.466,"end":10203.097,"topics":[{"key":"space-weather","label":"Space Weather","description":"Multiple interventions addressed monitoring and forecasting of solar and ionospheric phenomena that can affect satellites, communications, navigation, aviation, and infrastructure on Earth. The discussion also covered scientific missions, operational warning systems, and international training and capacity-building."}],"words":[{"text":"With","start":10187.466,"end":10187.627},{"text":"multiple","start":10187.644,"end":10188.69},{"text":"sensors","start":10188.69,"end":10189.206},{"text":"on","start":10189.302,"end":10189.399},{"text":"the","start":10189.399,"end":10189.479},{"text":"Fengyun","start":10189.479,"end":10189.753},{"text":"satellites,","start":10189.753,"end":10190.285},{"text":"about","start":10190.365,"end":10190.687},{"text":"90","start":10190.703,"end":10191.38},{"text":"kinds","start":10191.396,"end":10191.702},{"text":"of","start":10191.734,"end":10191.863},{"text":"the","start":10191.895,"end":10192.04},{"text":"products","start":10192.04,"end":10192.443},{"text":"has","start":10192.443,"end":10192.588},{"text":"been","start":10192.62,"end":10192.829},{"text":"generated","start":10193.022,"end":10193.586},{"text":"in","start":10193.586,"end":10193.731},{"text":"CMA,","start":10193.731,"end":10194.23},{"text":"and","start":10194.617,"end":10194.713},{"text":"the","start":10194.713,"end":10194.794},{"text":"objective","start":10195.019,"end":10195.905},{"text":"of","start":10195.905,"end":10195.97},{"text":"this","start":10195.97,"end":10196.15},{"text":"product","start":10196.232,"end":10196.855},{"text":"include","start":10196.888,"end":10197.199},{"text":"atmosphere","start":10197.314,"end":10197.659},{"text":"They","start":10197.76,"end":10197.874},{"text":"are","start":10197.939,"end":10198.037},{"text":"ocean,","start":10198.037,"end":10198.331},{"text":"land,","start":10198.51,"end":10198.821},{"text":"cloud,","start":10199.261,"end":10199.653},{"text":"radiation,","start":10199.751,"end":10200.29},{"text":"ice","start":10200.632,"end":10200.812},{"text":"and","start":10200.812,"end":10200.943},{"text":"snow,","start":10200.959,"end":10201.351},{"text":"and","start":10201.383,"end":10201.596},{"text":"biology,","start":10201.628,"end":10202.085},{"text":"and","start":10202.118,"end":10202.346},{"text":"space","start":10202.363,"end":10202.706},{"text":"weather.","start":10202.771,"end":10203.097}]},{"text":"Next, please.","start":10203.66,"end":10204.225,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next,","start":10203.66,"end":10203.934},{"text":"please.","start":10203.999,"end":10204.225}]},{"text":"And climate is one of the important application areas of Fengyun meteorological satellites, and the Fengyun satellites could provide critical information for monitoring the climate change, enhancing early warning systems, and informing the climate policies, and adaptation strategies.","start":10205.792,"end":10226.273,"topics":[{"key":"space-weather","label":"Space Weather","description":"Multiple interventions addressed monitoring and forecasting of solar and ionospheric phenomena that can affect satellites, communications, navigation, aviation, and infrastructure on Earth. The discussion also covered scientific missions, operational warning systems, and international training and capacity-building."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":10205.792,"end":10205.857},{"text":"climate","start":10206.018,"end":10206.519},{"text":"is","start":10206.519,"end":10206.567},{"text":"one","start":10206.681,"end":10206.907},{"text":"of","start":10206.907,"end":10207.004},{"text":"the","start":10207.004,"end":10207.036},{"text":"important","start":10207.149,"end":10207.65},{"text":"application","start":10207.65,"end":10208.28},{"text":"areas","start":10208.474,"end":10208.829},{"text":"of","start":10208.926,"end":10208.975},{"text":"Fengyun","start":10209.104,"end":10209.395},{"text":"meteorological","start":10209.427,"end":10210.154},{"text":"satellites,","start":10210.154,"end":10210.703},{"text":"and","start":10211.188,"end":10211.446},{"text":"the","start":10211.446,"end":10211.527},{"text":"Fengyun","start":10211.527,"end":10211.98},{"text":"satellites","start":10211.98,"end":10212.383},{"text":"could","start":10212.48,"end":10212.738},{"text":"provide","start":10212.738,"end":10213.174},{"text":"critical","start":10213.868,"end":10214.659},{"text":"information","start":10214.659,"end":10215.53},{"text":"for","start":10215.885,"end":10216.144},{"text":"monitoring","start":10216.208,"end":10216.66},{"text":"the","start":10216.692,"end":10216.886},{"text":"climate","start":10217.725,"end":10218.21},{"text":"change,","start":10218.21,"end":10218.484},{"text":"enhancing","start":10218.532,"end":10219.84},{"text":"early","start":10219.904,"end":10220.05},{"text":"warning","start":10220.147,"end":10220.453},{"text":"systems,","start":10220.469,"end":10220.986},{"text":"and","start":10221.05,"end":10221.18},{"text":"informing","start":10221.18,"end":10221.6},{"text":"the","start":10221.634,"end":10221.802},{"text":"climate","start":10221.802,"end":10222.375},{"text":"policies,","start":10222.375,"end":10222.863},{"text":"and","start":10223.048,"end":10223.233},{"text":"adaptation","start":10223.492,"end":10224.987},{"text":"strategies.","start":10225.518,"end":10226.273}]},{"text":"Next, please.","start":10226.772,"end":10227.286,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next,","start":10226.772,"end":10226.981},{"text":"please.","start":10227.029,"end":10227.286}]},{"text":"And the funding supplies support earlier detection, impact assessment, monitor greenhouse gas concentration and biomass burning, adding in the understanding of climate change and protect ecosystem and biodiversity.","start":10229.665,"end":10245.967,"topics":[{"key":"space-weather","label":"Space Weather","description":"Multiple interventions addressed monitoring and forecasting of solar and ionospheric phenomena that can affect satellites, communications, navigation, aviation, and infrastructure on Earth. The discussion also covered scientific missions, operational warning systems, and international training and capacity-building."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":10229.665,"end":10229.762},{"text":"the","start":10229.762,"end":10229.842},{"text":"funding","start":10229.842,"end":10230.453},{"text":"supplies","start":10230.807,"end":10231.337},{"text":"support","start":10231.45,"end":10231.932},{"text":"earlier","start":10231.932,"end":10232.253},{"text":"detection,","start":10232.253,"end":10232.768},{"text":"impact","start":10232.96,"end":10233.443},{"text":"assessment,","start":10233.443,"end":10234.085},{"text":"monitor","start":10234.101,"end":10234.712},{"text":"greenhouse","start":10234.969,"end":10235.548},{"text":"gas","start":10235.548,"end":10235.724},{"text":"concentration","start":10235.724,"end":10236.962},{"text":"and","start":10236.994,"end":10237.203},{"text":"biomass","start":10237.299,"end":10237.749},{"text":"burning,","start":10237.958,"end":10238.328},{"text":"adding","start":10238.745,"end":10239.131},{"text":"in","start":10239.26,"end":10239.34},{"text":"the","start":10239.34,"end":10239.485},{"text":"understanding","start":10239.549,"end":10240.593},{"text":"of","start":10240.61,"end":10240.658},{"text":"climate","start":10240.754,"end":10241.06},{"text":"change","start":10241.06,"end":10241.43},{"text":"and","start":10241.639,"end":10241.88},{"text":"protect","start":10241.88,"end":10243.199},{"text":"ecosystem","start":10243.344,"end":10243.94},{"text":"and","start":10244.133,"end":10244.229},{"text":"biodiversity.","start":10244.229,"end":10245.967}]},{"text":"Next, please.","start":10246.643,"end":10247.174,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next,","start":10246.643,"end":10246.916},{"text":"please.","start":10246.964,"end":10247.174}]},{"text":"And the CMA has built an integrated meteorological comprehensive product service platform, Fengyun Earth, and it's a web-based platform and could realize the multi-source, multi-scale, multi-element, and multi-form data assets.","start":10249.333,"end":10265.542,"topics":[{"key":"space-weather","label":"Space Weather","description":"Multiple interventions addressed monitoring and forecasting of solar and ionospheric phenomena that can affect satellites, communications, navigation, aviation, and infrastructure on Earth. The discussion also covered scientific missions, operational warning systems, and international training and capacity-building."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":10249.333,"end":10249.431},{"text":"the","start":10249.431,"end":10249.529},{"text":"CMA","start":10249.529,"end":10249.871},{"text":"has","start":10249.985,"end":10250.213},{"text":"built","start":10250.245,"end":10250.587},{"text":"an","start":10250.636,"end":10250.702},{"text":"integrated","start":10250.913,"end":10251.891},{"text":"meteorological","start":10251.891,"end":10253.227},{"text":"comprehensive","start":10254.87,"end":10255.519},{"text":"product","start":10255.551,"end":10256.022},{"text":"service","start":10256.022,"end":10256.509},{"text":"platform,","start":10256.509,"end":10256.979},{"text":"Fengyun","start":10257.401,"end":10257.872},{"text":"Earth,","start":10257.905,"end":10258.002},{"text":"and","start":10258.7,"end":10258.895},{"text":"it's","start":10258.895,"end":10259.203},{"text":"a","start":10259.203,"end":10259.219},{"text":"web-based","start":10259.349,"end":10260.177},{"text":"platform","start":10260.177,"end":10260.631},{"text":"and","start":10260.729,"end":10260.875},{"text":"could","start":10260.907,"end":10261.216},{"text":"realize","start":10261.216,"end":10261.524},{"text":"the","start":10261.621,"end":10261.654},{"text":"multi-source,","start":10261.654,"end":10262.449},{"text":"multi-scale,","start":10262.595,"end":10263.277},{"text":"multi-element,","start":10263.31,"end":10264.021},{"text":"and","start":10264.07,"end":10264.215},{"text":"multi-form","start":10264.215,"end":10264.83},{"text":"data","start":10264.943,"end":10265.202},{"text":"assets.","start":10265.202,"end":10265.542}]},{"text":"It offers over 130 products, and Fengyun Earth also provides the customized versions.","start":10266.076,"end":10273.109,"topics":[{"key":"space-weather","label":"Space Weather","description":"Multiple interventions addressed monitoring and forecasting of solar and ionospheric phenomena that can affect satellites, communications, navigation, aviation, and infrastructure on Earth. The discussion also covered scientific missions, operational warning systems, and international training and capacity-building."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":10266.076,"end":10266.286},{"text":"offers","start":10266.399,"end":10266.706},{"text":"over","start":10266.803,"end":10266.981},{"text":"130","start":10267.046,"end":10268.68},{"text":"products,","start":10268.923,"end":10269.408},{"text":"and","start":10269.472,"end":10269.634},{"text":"Fengyun","start":10269.634,"end":10270.184},{"text":"Earth","start":10270.2,"end":10270.265},{"text":"also","start":10270.443,"end":10270.67},{"text":"provides","start":10270.702,"end":10271.239},{"text":"the","start":10271.596,"end":10271.678},{"text":"customized","start":10271.743,"end":10272.572},{"text":"versions.","start":10272.718,"end":10273.109}]},{"text":"Next, please.","start":10273.694,"end":10274.247,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next,","start":10273.694,"end":10274.019},{"text":"please.","start":10274.036,"end":10274.247}]},{"text":"And next, I will talk about the Fengyun Space Weather.","start":10275.019,"end":10278.079,"topics":[{"key":"space-weather","label":"Space Weather","description":"Multiple interventions addressed monitoring and forecasting of solar and ionospheric phenomena that can affect satellites, communications, navigation, aviation, and infrastructure on Earth. The discussion also covered scientific missions, operational warning systems, and international training and capacity-building."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":10275.019,"end":10275.373},{"text":"next,","start":10275.373,"end":10275.857},{"text":"I","start":10275.985,"end":10276.082},{"text":"will","start":10276.082,"end":10276.291},{"text":"talk","start":10276.307,"end":10276.501},{"text":"about","start":10276.501,"end":10276.871},{"text":"the","start":10276.871,"end":10276.952},{"text":"Fengyun","start":10276.952,"end":10277.274},{"text":"Space","start":10277.306,"end":10277.66},{"text":"Weather.","start":10277.773,"end":10278.079}]},{"text":"Next, please.","start":10278.497,"end":10279.029,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next,","start":10278.497,"end":10278.691},{"text":"please.","start":10278.739,"end":10279.029}]},{"text":"And the CMA is the national official source of space weather forecasts based on the operational space weather observation system.","start":10281.235,"end":10288.523,"topics":[{"key":"space-weather","label":"Space Weather","description":"Multiple interventions addressed monitoring and forecasting of solar and ionospheric phenomena that can affect satellites, communications, navigation, aviation, and infrastructure on Earth. The discussion also covered scientific missions, operational warning systems, and international training and capacity-building."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":10281.235,"end":10281.396},{"text":"the","start":10281.396,"end":10281.492},{"text":"CMA","start":10281.492,"end":10281.976},{"text":"is","start":10281.976,"end":10282.088},{"text":"the","start":10282.185,"end":10282.217},{"text":"national","start":10282.217,"end":10282.893},{"text":"official","start":10282.99,"end":10283.312},{"text":"source","start":10283.344,"end":10283.666},{"text":"of","start":10283.666,"end":10283.779},{"text":"space","start":10283.86,"end":10284.214},{"text":"weather","start":10284.214,"end":10284.537},{"text":"forecasts","start":10284.537,"end":10285.183},{"text":"based","start":10285.183,"end":10285.489},{"text":"on","start":10285.57,"end":10285.634},{"text":"the","start":10285.731,"end":10285.812},{"text":"operational","start":10285.812,"end":10286.393},{"text":"space","start":10286.393,"end":10286.699},{"text":"weather","start":10286.699,"end":10286.941},{"text":"observation","start":10287.022,"end":10288.2},{"text":"system.","start":10288.2,"end":10288.523}]},{"text":"CMA could give the real-time observations and reliable forecasts for those space weather phenomena which pose potential risk to the satellites and electronic technology on Earth.","start":10288.636,"end":10300.551,"topics":[{"key":"space-weather","label":"Space Weather","description":"Multiple interventions addressed monitoring and forecasting of solar and ionospheric phenomena that can affect satellites, communications, navigation, aviation, and infrastructure on Earth. The discussion also covered scientific missions, operational warning systems, and international training and capacity-building."}],"words":[{"text":"CMA","start":10288.636,"end":10289.2},{"text":"could","start":10289.297,"end":10289.507},{"text":"give","start":10289.539,"end":10289.733},{"text":"the","start":10289.765,"end":10289.846},{"text":"real-time","start":10289.846,"end":10290.298},{"text":"observations","start":10290.411,"end":10290.959},{"text":"and","start":10290.991,"end":10291.217},{"text":"reliable","start":10291.217,"end":10291.734},{"text":"forecasts","start":10291.798,"end":10292.573},{"text":"for","start":10292.589,"end":10292.766},{"text":"those","start":10292.766,"end":10292.976},{"text":"space","start":10293.073,"end":10293.299},{"text":"weather","start":10293.38,"end":10293.654},{"text":"phenomena","start":10293.654,"end":10294.25},{"text":"which","start":10294.524,"end":10294.653},{"text":"pose","start":10294.766,"end":10295.072},{"text":"potential","start":10295.185,"end":10295.846},{"text":"risk","start":10295.991,"end":10296.394},{"text":"to","start":10296.394,"end":10296.701},{"text":"the","start":10296.701,"end":10296.749},{"text":"satellites","start":10296.878,"end":10297.426},{"text":"and","start":10297.426,"end":10297.845},{"text":"electronic","start":10298.555,"end":10299.054},{"text":"technology","start":10299.054,"end":10300.151},{"text":"on","start":10300.246,"end":10300.31},{"text":"Earth.","start":10300.406,"end":10300.551}]},{"text":"Next, please.","start":10301.145,"end":10301.723,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next,","start":10301.145,"end":10301.45},{"text":"please.","start":10301.466,"end":10301.723}]},{"text":"And the countrywide network of ground-based observations spans over 15 provinces across the country and equipped with the 40— 84 instruments, and which could detect the solar, the ionosphere, and upper atmosphere.","start":10302.751,"end":10319.048,"topics":[{"key":"space-weather","label":"Space Weather","description":"Multiple interventions addressed monitoring and forecasting of solar and ionospheric phenomena that can affect satellites, communications, navigation, aviation, and infrastructure on Earth. The discussion also covered scientific missions, operational warning systems, and international training and capacity-building."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":10302.751,"end":10302.975},{"text":"the","start":10302.975,"end":10303.024},{"text":"countrywide","start":10303.072,"end":10303.634},{"text":"network","start":10303.65,"end":10304.18},{"text":"of","start":10304.18,"end":10304.244},{"text":"ground-based","start":10304.276,"end":10304.902},{"text":"observations","start":10304.902,"end":10305.4},{"text":"spans","start":10305.4,"end":10305.689},{"text":"over","start":10305.866,"end":10306.444},{"text":"15","start":10306.444,"end":10306.893},{"text":"provinces","start":10307.407,"end":10308.098},{"text":"across","start":10308.21,"end":10308.676},{"text":"the","start":10308.676,"end":10308.772},{"text":"country","start":10308.772,"end":10309.254},{"text":"and","start":10309.398,"end":10309.511},{"text":"equipped","start":10309.511,"end":10309.96},{"text":"with","start":10309.96,"end":10310.217},{"text":"the","start":10310.217,"end":10310.426},{"text":"40—","start":10310.699,"end":10311.068},{"text":"84","start":10312.128,"end":10312.706},{"text":"instruments,","start":10312.706,"end":10313.749},{"text":"and","start":10313.894,"end":10314.038},{"text":"which","start":10314.071,"end":10314.279},{"text":"could","start":10314.376,"end":10314.633},{"text":"detect","start":10314.633,"end":10315.13},{"text":"the","start":10315.13,"end":10315.211},{"text":"solar,","start":10315.211,"end":10315.757},{"text":"the","start":10316.094,"end":10316.335},{"text":"ionosphere,","start":10316.543,"end":10317.491},{"text":"and","start":10317.523,"end":10317.731},{"text":"upper","start":10317.908,"end":10318.261},{"text":"atmosphere.","start":10318.486,"end":10319.048}]},{"text":"And more than 1,000 GPS stations in Xiamen are available for the routine TC-MAP products.","start":10319.53,"end":10326.841,"topics":[{"key":"space-weather","label":"Space Weather","description":"Multiple interventions addressed monitoring and forecasting of solar and ionospheric phenomena that can affect satellites, communications, navigation, aviation, and infrastructure on Earth. The discussion also covered scientific missions, operational warning systems, and international training and capacity-building."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":10319.53,"end":10319.594},{"text":"more","start":10319.626,"end":10319.851},{"text":"than","start":10319.851,"end":10319.979},{"text":"1,000","start":10320.397,"end":10321.039},{"text":"GPS","start":10321.039,"end":10321.633},{"text":"stations","start":10322.019,"end":10322.548},{"text":"in","start":10322.581,"end":10322.645},{"text":"Xiamen","start":10322.757,"end":10323.191},{"text":"are","start":10323.287,"end":10323.64},{"text":"available","start":10323.688,"end":10324.186},{"text":"for","start":10324.186,"end":10324.427},{"text":"the","start":10324.427,"end":10324.507},{"text":"routine","start":10324.572,"end":10324.957},{"text":"TC-MAP","start":10325.68,"end":10326.277},{"text":"products.","start":10326.277,"end":10326.841}]},{"text":"Next, please.","start":10327.39,"end":10328.02,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next,","start":10327.39,"end":10327.713},{"text":"please.","start":10327.729,"end":10328.02}]},{"text":"And the Fengyun satellites has become the ideal platform for space weather observations, and now there are 8 satellites in operation which has 34 space weather payloads and could provide the charged particles, geomagnetic field, aurora image, ionosphere image, and solar EUV image.","start":10329.649,"end":10348.729,"topics":[{"key":"space-weather","label":"Space Weather","description":"Multiple interventions addressed monitoring and forecasting of solar and ionospheric phenomena that can affect satellites, communications, navigation, aviation, and infrastructure on Earth. The discussion also covered scientific missions, operational warning systems, and international training and capacity-building."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":10329.649,"end":10329.795},{"text":"the","start":10329.827,"end":10330.021},{"text":"Fengyun","start":10330.069,"end":10330.343},{"text":"satellites","start":10330.343,"end":10330.86},{"text":"has","start":10330.86,"end":10331.005},{"text":"become","start":10331.053,"end":10331.554},{"text":"the","start":10331.602,"end":10331.764},{"text":"ideal","start":10331.764,"end":10332.151},{"text":"platform","start":10332.151,"end":10332.812},{"text":"for","start":10332.812,"end":10332.99},{"text":"space","start":10332.99,"end":10333.442},{"text":"weather","start":10333.442,"end":10333.878},{"text":"observations,","start":10334.12,"end":10334.717},{"text":"and","start":10334.91,"end":10335.04},{"text":"now","start":10335.04,"end":10335.153},{"text":"there","start":10335.25,"end":10335.461},{"text":"are","start":10335.461,"end":10335.655},{"text":"8","start":10335.704,"end":10335.866},{"text":"satellites","start":10335.866,"end":10336.92},{"text":"in","start":10336.952,"end":10337.147},{"text":"operation","start":10337.341,"end":10337.795},{"text":"which","start":10337.908,"end":10338.038},{"text":"has","start":10338.152,"end":10338.443},{"text":"34","start":10339.432,"end":10340.015},{"text":"space","start":10340.015,"end":10340.34},{"text":"weather","start":10340.34,"end":10340.583},{"text":"payloads","start":10340.583,"end":10341.037},{"text":"and","start":10341.134,"end":10341.28},{"text":"could","start":10341.296,"end":10341.539},{"text":"provide","start":10341.539,"end":10341.944},{"text":"the","start":10341.944,"end":10342.025},{"text":"charged","start":10342.025,"end":10342.414},{"text":"particles,","start":10342.512,"end":10342.738},{"text":"geomagnetic","start":10343.724,"end":10344.094},{"text":"field,","start":10344.158,"end":10344.561},{"text":"aurora","start":10344.641,"end":10345.108},{"text":"image,","start":10345.382,"end":10345.784},{"text":"ionosphere","start":10345.929,"end":10346.911},{"text":"image,","start":10346.911,"end":10347.217},{"text":"and","start":10347.233,"end":10347.394},{"text":"solar","start":10347.394,"end":10347.812},{"text":"EUV","start":10347.86,"end":10348.118},{"text":"image.","start":10348.279,"end":10348.729}]},{"text":"Next, please.","start":10349.325,"end":10349.856,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next,","start":10349.325,"end":10349.631},{"text":"please.","start":10349.647,"end":10349.856}]},{"text":"And the Fengyun— and the FY4C is planned for the launch in 2025 and would carry on 3 new space weather instruments.","start":10351.707,"end":10361.614,"topics":[{"key":"space-weather","label":"Space Weather","description":"Multiple interventions addressed monitoring and forecasting of solar and ionospheric phenomena that can affect satellites, communications, navigation, aviation, and infrastructure on Earth. The discussion also covered scientific missions, operational warning systems, and international training and capacity-building."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":10351.707,"end":10351.9},{"text":"the","start":10351.9,"end":10352.028},{"text":"Fengyun—","start":10352.028,"end":10352.799},{"text":"and","start":10353.008,"end":10353.12},{"text":"the","start":10353.233,"end":10353.425},{"text":"FY4C","start":10354.212,"end":10354.373},{"text":"is","start":10354.758,"end":10354.903},{"text":"planned","start":10354.935,"end":10355.24},{"text":"for","start":10355.737,"end":10355.978},{"text":"the","start":10355.978,"end":10356.123},{"text":"launch","start":10356.139,"end":10356.46},{"text":"in","start":10356.524,"end":10356.588},{"text":"2025","start":10356.926,"end":10357.809},{"text":"and","start":10357.905,"end":10358.114},{"text":"would","start":10358.146,"end":10358.258},{"text":"carry","start":10358.371,"end":10358.692},{"text":"on","start":10358.772,"end":10358.949},{"text":"3","start":10358.949,"end":10359.19},{"text":"new","start":10359.19,"end":10359.366},{"text":"space","start":10360.233,"end":10360.538},{"text":"weather","start":10360.554,"end":10360.86},{"text":"instruments.","start":10360.876,"end":10361.614}]},{"text":"The MUSI could measure the spectral emissions for the UV emissions from the 131 to 162 nanometers.","start":10361.678,"end":10369.915,"topics":[{"key":"space-weather","label":"Space Weather","description":"Multiple interventions addressed monitoring and forecasting of solar and ionospheric phenomena that can affect satellites, communications, navigation, aviation, and infrastructure on Earth. The discussion also covered scientific missions, operational warning systems, and international training and capacity-building."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":10361.678,"end":10361.839},{"text":"MUSI","start":10361.839,"end":10362.449},{"text":"could","start":10362.481,"end":10362.722},{"text":"measure","start":10362.722,"end":10363.059},{"text":"the","start":10363.059,"end":10363.156},{"text":"spectral","start":10363.204,"end":10364.167},{"text":"emissions","start":10364.167,"end":10364.488},{"text":"for","start":10364.553,"end":10364.745},{"text":"the","start":10364.745,"end":10364.858},{"text":"UV","start":10364.874,"end":10365.115},{"text":"emissions","start":10365.211,"end":10365.66},{"text":"from","start":10365.757,"end":10365.966},{"text":"the","start":10366.014,"end":10366.158},{"text":"131","start":10366.158,"end":10367.346},{"text":"to","start":10367.443,"end":10367.668},{"text":"162","start":10367.684,"end":10368.759},{"text":"nanometers.","start":10369.386,"end":10369.915}]},{"text":"And the SEUEI could monitor the sun with 4 extreme ultraviolet wavelengths.","start":10370.413,"end":10376.643,"topics":[{"key":"space-weather","label":"Space Weather","description":"Multiple interventions addressed monitoring and forecasting of solar and ionospheric phenomena that can affect satellites, communications, navigation, aviation, and infrastructure on Earth. The discussion also covered scientific missions, operational warning systems, and international training and capacity-building."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":10370.413,"end":10370.526},{"text":"the","start":10370.526,"end":10370.766},{"text":"SEUEI","start":10370.766,"end":10371.746},{"text":"could","start":10371.794,"end":10372.019},{"text":"monitor","start":10372.019,"end":10372.436},{"text":"the","start":10372.436,"end":10372.533},{"text":"sun","start":10372.533,"end":10372.886},{"text":"with","start":10372.918,"end":10373.255},{"text":"4","start":10373.785,"end":10374.299},{"text":"extreme","start":10374.363,"end":10374.813},{"text":"ultraviolet","start":10375.246,"end":10376.097},{"text":"wavelengths.","start":10376.21,"end":10376.643}]},{"text":"And there will also be solar X-ray irradiation sensors for the solar X-ray and EUV spectral detections.","start":10377.012,"end":10385.8,"topics":[{"key":"space-weather","label":"Space Weather","description":"Multiple interventions addressed monitoring and forecasting of solar and ionospheric phenomena that can affect satellites, communications, navigation, aviation, and infrastructure on Earth. The discussion also covered scientific missions, operational warning systems, and international training and capacity-building."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":10377.012,"end":10377.076},{"text":"there","start":10377.172,"end":10377.413},{"text":"will","start":10377.413,"end":10377.589},{"text":"also","start":10377.654,"end":10377.974},{"text":"be","start":10377.974,"end":10378.135},{"text":"solar","start":10378.199,"end":10378.696},{"text":"X-ray","start":10379.161,"end":10379.738},{"text":"irradiation","start":10379.818,"end":10380.764},{"text":"sensors","start":10380.78,"end":10381.31},{"text":"for","start":10381.646,"end":10381.823},{"text":"the","start":10381.823,"end":10381.919},{"text":"solar","start":10381.919,"end":10382.272},{"text":"X-ray","start":10382.368,"end":10382.785},{"text":"and","start":10383.09,"end":10383.17},{"text":"EUV","start":10383.731,"end":10384.645},{"text":"spectral","start":10384.693,"end":10385.174},{"text":"detections.","start":10385.174,"end":10385.8}]},{"text":"And the Fengyun— and the FYSH is also planned for the launch for 2025, and will be on board the ionospheric photometers and the wide-field aurora imager.","start":10386.457,"end":10399.847,"topics":[{"key":"space-weather","label":"Space Weather","description":"Multiple interventions addressed monitoring and forecasting of solar and ionospheric phenomena that can affect satellites, communications, navigation, aviation, and infrastructure on Earth. The discussion also covered scientific missions, operational warning systems, and international training and capacity-building."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":10386.457,"end":10386.714},{"text":"the","start":10386.858,"end":10387.018},{"text":"Fengyun—","start":10387.018,"end":10387.724},{"text":"and","start":10387.82,"end":10387.98},{"text":"the","start":10387.98,"end":10388.237},{"text":"FYSH","start":10388.397,"end":10388.975},{"text":"is","start":10389.359,"end":10389.407},{"text":"also","start":10389.52,"end":10389.712},{"text":"planned","start":10389.824,"end":10390.081},{"text":"for","start":10390.081,"end":10390.305},{"text":"the","start":10390.305,"end":10390.386},{"text":"launch","start":10390.386,"end":10390.706},{"text":"for","start":10390.706,"end":10391.059},{"text":"2025,","start":10391.348,"end":10392.294},{"text":"and","start":10393.031,"end":10393.288},{"text":"will","start":10393.753,"end":10393.881},{"text":"be","start":10394.17,"end":10394.266},{"text":"on","start":10394.394,"end":10394.459},{"text":"board","start":10394.491,"end":10394.795},{"text":"the","start":10394.795,"end":10394.892},{"text":"ionospheric","start":10394.892,"end":10395.693},{"text":"photometers","start":10395.774,"end":10396.944},{"text":"and","start":10397.12,"end":10397.265},{"text":"the","start":10397.297,"end":10397.377},{"text":"wide-field","start":10398.099,"end":10398.868},{"text":"aurora","start":10399.061,"end":10399.446},{"text":"imager.","start":10399.446,"end":10399.847}]},{"text":"Next, please.","start":10400.279,"end":10400.873,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next,","start":10400.279,"end":10400.584},{"text":"please.","start":10400.648,"end":10400.873}]},{"text":"And the Fengyun space across based platform for space weather analysis and forecast has been released for operational use.","start":10402.332,"end":10409.762,"topics":[{"key":"space-weather","label":"Space Weather","description":"Multiple interventions addressed monitoring and forecasting of solar and ionospheric phenomena that can affect satellites, communications, navigation, aviation, and infrastructure on Earth. The discussion also covered scientific missions, operational warning systems, and international training and capacity-building."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":10402.332,"end":10402.396},{"text":"the","start":10402.508,"end":10402.54},{"text":"Fengyun","start":10402.589,"end":10402.925},{"text":"space","start":10402.925,"end":10403.471},{"text":"across","start":10403.471,"end":10404.08},{"text":"based","start":10403.92,"end":10404.289},{"text":"platform","start":10404.754,"end":10405.236},{"text":"for","start":10405.3,"end":10405.412},{"text":"space","start":10405.412,"end":10405.669},{"text":"weather","start":10405.781,"end":10406.215},{"text":"analysis","start":10406.6,"end":10407.226},{"text":"and","start":10407.226,"end":10407.322},{"text":"forecast","start":10407.322,"end":10407.803},{"text":"has","start":10407.803,"end":10407.932},{"text":"been","start":10407.964,"end":10408.124},{"text":"released","start":10408.124,"end":10408.702},{"text":"for","start":10408.847,"end":10409.071},{"text":"operational","start":10409.071,"end":10409.505},{"text":"use.","start":10409.505,"end":10409.762}]},{"text":"The brand new system will have forecast for the evaluation and forecast with subjective and objective blender and AI-enhanced tools.","start":10410.211,"end":10419.006,"topics":[{"key":"space-weather","label":"Space Weather","description":"Multiple interventions addressed monitoring and forecasting of solar and ionospheric phenomena that can affect satellites, communications, navigation, aviation, and infrastructure on Earth. The discussion also covered scientific missions, operational warning systems, and international training and capacity-building."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":10410.211,"end":10410.371},{"text":"brand","start":10410.371,"end":10410.741},{"text":"new","start":10410.773,"end":10410.917},{"text":"system","start":10411.013,"end":10411.383},{"text":"will","start":10411.479,"end":10411.607},{"text":"have","start":10411.639,"end":10411.832},{"text":"forecast","start":10412.121,"end":10412.634},{"text":"for","start":10412.634,"end":10412.859},{"text":"the","start":10412.859,"end":10412.907},{"text":"evaluation","start":10412.923,"end":10413.581},{"text":"and","start":10413.581,"end":10413.662},{"text":"forecast","start":10413.726,"end":10414.223},{"text":"with","start":10414.288,"end":10414.544},{"text":"subjective","start":10414.625,"end":10415.283},{"text":"and","start":10415.411,"end":10415.571},{"text":"objective","start":10415.588,"end":10416.085},{"text":"blender","start":10416.213,"end":10416.647},{"text":"and","start":10416.952,"end":10417.096},{"text":"AI-enhanced","start":10417.096,"end":10418.637},{"text":"tools.","start":10418.637,"end":10419.006}]},{"text":"Next, please.","start":10419.68,"end":10420.37,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next,","start":10419.68,"end":10420.017},{"text":"please.","start":10420.081,"end":10420.37}]},{"text":"And the CMA space weather simulation and prediction system has been put into operation to simulate the solar storm from the Sun and to the Earth.","start":10421.67,"end":10432.333,"topics":[{"key":"space-weather","label":"Space Weather","description":"Multiple interventions addressed monitoring and forecasting of solar and ionospheric phenomena that can affect satellites, communications, navigation, aviation, and infrastructure on Earth. The discussion also covered scientific missions, operational warning systems, and international training and capacity-building."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":10421.67,"end":10421.815},{"text":"the","start":10421.847,"end":10421.943},{"text":"CMA","start":10421.943,"end":10422.89},{"text":"space","start":10423.548,"end":10423.821},{"text":"weather","start":10423.933,"end":10424.254},{"text":"simulation","start":10424.254,"end":10424.864},{"text":"and","start":10424.96,"end":10425.105},{"text":"prediction","start":10425.137,"end":10425.907},{"text":"system","start":10426.1,"end":10426.678},{"text":"has","start":10426.902,"end":10427.031},{"text":"been","start":10427.143,"end":10427.272},{"text":"put","start":10427.609,"end":10427.865},{"text":"into","start":10427.865,"end":10428.058},{"text":"operation","start":10428.186,"end":10428.636},{"text":"to","start":10429.069,"end":10429.165},{"text":"simulate","start":10429.165,"end":10429.775},{"text":"the","start":10429.84,"end":10429.968},{"text":"solar","start":10429.968,"end":10430.354},{"text":"storm","start":10430.354,"end":10430.757},{"text":"from","start":10430.773,"end":10431.078},{"text":"the","start":10431.078,"end":10431.159},{"text":"Sun","start":10431.159,"end":10431.561},{"text":"and","start":10431.625,"end":10431.77},{"text":"to","start":10431.802,"end":10432.028},{"text":"the","start":10432.028,"end":10432.188},{"text":"Earth.","start":10432.188,"end":10432.333}]},{"text":"Next, please.","start":10432.993,"end":10433.701,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next,","start":10432.993,"end":10433.395},{"text":"please.","start":10433.411,"end":10433.701}]},{"text":"The Sun has reached its solar maximum period.","start":10436.146,"end":10438.888,"topics":[{"key":"space-weather","label":"Space Weather","description":"Multiple interventions addressed monitoring and forecasting of solar and ionospheric phenomena that can affect satellites, communications, navigation, aviation, and infrastructure on Earth. The discussion also covered scientific missions, operational warning systems, and international training and capacity-building."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":10436.146,"end":10436.211},{"text":"Sun","start":10436.211,"end":10436.436},{"text":"has","start":10436.532,"end":10436.709},{"text":"reached","start":10436.709,"end":10437.192},{"text":"its","start":10437.356,"end":10437.519},{"text":"solar","start":10437.519,"end":10437.862},{"text":"maximum","start":10437.862,"end":10438.35},{"text":"period.","start":10438.481,"end":10438.888}]},{"text":"On May of 2024, the CMA issued a red alert for the strongest geomagnetic storm in over 20 years through the National Emergency Early Warning Release System.","start":10439.458,"end":10451.705,"topics":[{"key":"space-weather","label":"Space Weather","description":"Multiple interventions addressed monitoring and forecasting of solar and ionospheric phenomena that can affect satellites, communications, navigation, aviation, and infrastructure on Earth. The discussion also covered scientific missions, operational warning systems, and international training and capacity-building."}],"words":[{"text":"On","start":10439.458,"end":10439.637},{"text":"May","start":10439.637,"end":10439.784},{"text":"of","start":10439.947,"end":10440.061},{"text":"2024,","start":10440.061,"end":10440.957},{"text":"the","start":10442.4,"end":10442.448},{"text":"CMA","start":10442.448,"end":10442.756},{"text":"issued","start":10442.772,"end":10443.144},{"text":"a","start":10443.144,"end":10443.161},{"text":"red","start":10443.306,"end":10443.646},{"text":"alert","start":10443.646,"end":10443.97},{"text":"for","start":10443.97,"end":10444.148},{"text":"the","start":10444.148,"end":10444.278},{"text":"strongest","start":10444.278,"end":10445.266},{"text":"geomagnetic","start":10445.266,"end":10445.703},{"text":"storm","start":10445.703,"end":10445.962},{"text":"in","start":10446.076,"end":10446.173},{"text":"over","start":10446.238,"end":10446.578},{"text":"20","start":10446.804,"end":10447.096},{"text":"years","start":10447.371,"end":10447.663},{"text":"through","start":10447.792,"end":10448.1},{"text":"the","start":10448.1,"end":10448.197},{"text":"National","start":10448.197,"end":10448.731},{"text":"Emergency","start":10449.314,"end":10449.849},{"text":"Early","start":10450.043,"end":10450.254},{"text":"Warning","start":10450.367,"end":10450.659},{"text":"Release","start":10450.854,"end":10451.067},{"text":"System.","start":10451.247,"end":10451.705}]},{"text":"And the CIC also has issued 36 3 space weather advisories on the duty centers, the IKO Global Center, Space Weather Center, for the biggest flare in 7 years and strong solar proton events in October.","start":10452.147,"end":10468.086,"topics":[{"key":"space-weather","label":"Space Weather","description":"Multiple interventions addressed monitoring and forecasting of solar and ionospheric phenomena that can affect satellites, communications, navigation, aviation, and infrastructure on Earth. The discussion also covered scientific missions, operational warning systems, and international training and capacity-building."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":10452.147,"end":10452.196},{"text":"the","start":10452.196,"end":10452.262},{"text":"CIC","start":10452.262,"end":10452.622},{"text":"also","start":10452.966,"end":10453.211},{"text":"has","start":10453.228,"end":10453.784},{"text":"issued","start":10453.899,"end":10454.292},{"text":"36","start":10454.292,"end":10455.323},{"text":"3","start":10455.4,"end":10455.691},{"text":"space","start":10455.691,"end":10456.095},{"text":"weather","start":10456.16,"end":10456.371},{"text":"advisories","start":10456.403,"end":10457.018},{"text":"on","start":10457.358,"end":10457.455},{"text":"the","start":10457.455,"end":10457.487},{"text":"duty","start":10457.536,"end":10457.876},{"text":"centers,","start":10457.876,"end":10458.313},{"text":"the","start":10458.426,"end":10458.523},{"text":"IKO","start":10458.571,"end":10459.478},{"text":"Global","start":10460.206,"end":10460.449},{"text":"Center,","start":10460.449,"end":10460.853},{"text":"Space","start":10460.87,"end":10461.242},{"text":"Weather","start":10461.242,"end":10461.436},{"text":"Center,","start":10461.436,"end":10461.808},{"text":"for","start":10461.824,"end":10462.067},{"text":"the","start":10462.067,"end":10462.148},{"text":"biggest","start":10462.148,"end":10462.714},{"text":"flare","start":10462.714,"end":10463.054},{"text":"in","start":10463.119,"end":10463.216},{"text":"7","start":10463.265,"end":10463.863},{"text":"years","start":10463.993,"end":10464.22},{"text":"and","start":10464.317,"end":10464.399},{"text":"strong","start":10464.481,"end":10464.872},{"text":"solar","start":10465.557,"end":10465.965},{"text":"proton","start":10465.965,"end":10466.911},{"text":"events","start":10467.025,"end":10467.286},{"text":"in","start":10467.417,"end":10467.498},{"text":"October.","start":10467.515,"end":10468.086}]},{"text":"And last year, CMA issued 109 warning messages for the extreme space weather events.","start":10468.559,"end":10474.842,"topics":[{"key":"space-weather","label":"Space Weather","description":"Multiple interventions addressed monitoring and forecasting of solar and ionospheric phenomena that can affect satellites, communications, navigation, aviation, and infrastructure on Earth. The discussion also covered scientific missions, operational warning systems, and international training and capacity-building."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":10468.559,"end":10468.722},{"text":"last","start":10468.722,"end":10468.869},{"text":"year,","start":10469.13,"end":10469.391},{"text":"CMA","start":10469.893,"end":10470.2},{"text":"issued","start":10470.378,"end":10470.782},{"text":"109","start":10470.928,"end":10471.542},{"text":"warning","start":10471.898,"end":10472.157},{"text":"messages","start":10472.157,"end":10472.61},{"text":"for","start":10472.626,"end":10472.804},{"text":"the","start":10472.804,"end":10473.014},{"text":"extreme","start":10473.289,"end":10473.71},{"text":"space","start":10473.758,"end":10474.033},{"text":"weather","start":10474.098,"end":10474.421},{"text":"events.","start":10474.502,"end":10474.842}]},{"text":"Next, please.","start":10477.355,"end":10477.893,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next,","start":10477.355,"end":10477.599},{"text":"please.","start":10477.665,"end":10477.893}]},{"text":"And in the future, CMA will continue to strengthen the city building and extend space weather so as to more members.","start":10479.131,"end":10486.72,"topics":[{"key":"space-weather","label":"Space Weather","description":"Multiple interventions addressed monitoring and forecasting of solar and ionospheric phenomena that can affect satellites, communications, navigation, aviation, and infrastructure on Earth. The discussion also covered scientific missions, operational warning systems, and international training and capacity-building."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":10479.131,"end":10479.359},{"text":"in","start":10479.457,"end":10479.506},{"text":"the","start":10479.538,"end":10479.62},{"text":"future,","start":10479.62,"end":10480.614},{"text":"CMA","start":10480.63,"end":10481.103},{"text":"will","start":10481.103,"end":10481.233},{"text":"continue","start":10481.331,"end":10481.689},{"text":"to","start":10481.754,"end":10481.869},{"text":"strengthen","start":10481.917,"end":10482.455},{"text":"the","start":10482.488,"end":10482.748},{"text":"city","start":10483.364,"end":10483.687},{"text":"building","start":10483.687,"end":10483.977},{"text":"and","start":10484.09,"end":10484.171},{"text":"extend","start":10484.316,"end":10484.735},{"text":"space","start":10484.752,"end":10485.01},{"text":"weather","start":10485.123,"end":10485.381},{"text":"so","start":10485.381,"end":10485.607},{"text":"as","start":10485.623,"end":10485.833},{"text":"to","start":10485.946,"end":10486.172},{"text":"more","start":10486.172,"end":10486.349},{"text":"members.","start":10486.349,"end":10486.72}]},{"text":"Thank you for your attention.","start":10487.317,"end":10488.867,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":10487.317,"end":10487.624},{"text":"you","start":10487.624,"end":10487.785},{"text":"for","start":10487.785,"end":10488.044},{"text":"your","start":10488.044,"end":10488.382},{"text":"attention.","start":10488.512,"end":10488.867}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"CHN","affiliation_full":"China","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":55,"start":10491.129,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1a/k1ad4k1m9e?t=10492","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of China for the presentation.","start":10491.129,"end":10494.284,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":10491.129,"end":10491.161},{"text":"thank","start":10491.161,"end":10491.341},{"text":"the","start":10491.39,"end":10491.554},{"text":"distinguished","start":10491.554,"end":10492.06},{"text":"representative","start":10492.06,"end":10492.796},{"text":"of","start":10492.796,"end":10492.927},{"text":"China","start":10492.943,"end":10493.319},{"text":"for","start":10493.368,"end":10493.614},{"text":"the","start":10493.614,"end":10493.695},{"text":"presentation.","start":10493.695,"end":10494.284}]},{"text":"The 4th presentation on my list is on ASI's activities on space weather by the representative of Italy.","start":10495.87,"end":10501.927,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":10495.87,"end":10495.902},{"text":"4th","start":10495.902,"end":10496.112},{"text":"presentation","start":10496.128,"end":10496.693},{"text":"on","start":10496.693,"end":10496.79},{"text":"my","start":10496.79,"end":10496.984},{"text":"list","start":10497.033,"end":10497.372},{"text":"is","start":10497.372,"end":10497.485},{"text":"on","start":10497.582,"end":10497.727},{"text":"ASI's","start":10497.986,"end":10498.325},{"text":"activities","start":10498.341,"end":10498.939},{"text":"on","start":10499.116,"end":10499.165},{"text":"space","start":10499.213,"end":10499.617},{"text":"weather","start":10499.617,"end":10500.053},{"text":"by","start":10500.344,"end":10500.57},{"text":"the","start":10500.57,"end":10500.667},{"text":"representative","start":10500.667,"end":10501.394},{"text":"of","start":10501.394,"end":10501.523},{"text":"Italy.","start":10501.62,"end":10501.927}]},{"text":"You have the floor.","start":10502.056,"end":10502.783,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"You","start":10502.056,"end":10502.17},{"text":"have","start":10502.186,"end":10502.38},{"text":"the","start":10502.38,"end":10502.46},{"text":"floor.","start":10502.46,"end":10502.783}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"COPUOS","affiliation_full":"COPUOS","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":56,"start":10506.637,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1a/k1ad4k1m9e?t=10507","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Madam Chair, distinguished delegates.","start":10506.637,"end":10509.107,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":10506.637,"end":10506.886},{"text":"you,","start":10506.886,"end":10506.969},{"text":"Madam","start":10506.985,"end":10507.3},{"text":"Chair,","start":10507.3,"end":10507.499},{"text":"distinguished","start":10508.212,"end":10508.808},{"text":"delegates.","start":10508.808,"end":10509.107}]},{"text":"It's a pleasure to present some Italy's contribution to space weather.","start":10509.975,"end":10513.674,"topics":[{"key":"space-weather","label":"Space Weather","description":"Multiple interventions addressed monitoring and forecasting of solar and ionospheric phenomena that can affect satellites, communications, navigation, aviation, and infrastructure on Earth. The discussion also covered scientific missions, operational warning systems, and international training and capacity-building."}],"words":[{"text":"It's","start":10509.975,"end":10510.136},{"text":"a","start":10510.136,"end":10510.2},{"text":"pleasure","start":10510.2,"end":10510.603},{"text":"to","start":10510.603,"end":10510.699},{"text":"present","start":10510.699,"end":10511.342},{"text":"some","start":10511.342,"end":10511.648},{"text":"Italy's","start":10511.648,"end":10512.018},{"text":"contribution","start":10512.146,"end":10512.87},{"text":"to","start":10512.87,"end":10512.967},{"text":"space","start":10512.967,"end":10513.24},{"text":"weather.","start":10513.352,"end":10513.674}]},{"text":"Our nation plays a crucial role in this field, leveraging a strong scientific community, advanced technological capabilities, and international partnerships.","start":10514.864,"end":10524.766,"topics":[{"key":"space-weather","label":"Space Weather","description":"Multiple interventions addressed monitoring and forecasting of solar and ionospheric phenomena that can affect satellites, communications, navigation, aviation, and infrastructure on Earth. The discussion also covered scientific missions, operational warning systems, and international training and capacity-building."}],"words":[{"text":"Our","start":10514.864,"end":10514.977},{"text":"nation","start":10514.977,"end":10515.491},{"text":"plays","start":10515.765,"end":10516.215},{"text":"a","start":10516.312,"end":10516.408},{"text":"crucial","start":10516.408,"end":10516.81},{"text":"role","start":10516.81,"end":10516.939},{"text":"in","start":10517.1,"end":10517.196},{"text":"this","start":10517.196,"end":10517.438},{"text":"field,","start":10517.455,"end":10517.826},{"text":"leveraging","start":10518.73,"end":10519.278},{"text":"a","start":10519.391,"end":10519.408},{"text":"strong","start":10519.408,"end":10519.682},{"text":"scientific","start":10519.714,"end":10520.295},{"text":"community,","start":10520.295,"end":10520.812},{"text":"advanced","start":10521.005,"end":10521.57},{"text":"technological","start":10521.57,"end":10522.361},{"text":"capabilities,","start":10522.361,"end":10522.991},{"text":"and","start":10523.249,"end":10523.362},{"text":"international","start":10523.362,"end":10524.072},{"text":"partnerships.","start":10524.072,"end":10524.766}]},{"text":"Numerous universities and research institutions across Italy contribute to these efforts.","start":10525.56,"end":10531.713,"topics":[{"key":"space-weather","label":"Space Weather","description":"Multiple interventions addressed monitoring and forecasting of solar and ionospheric phenomena that can affect satellites, communications, navigation, aviation, and infrastructure on Earth. The discussion also covered scientific missions, operational warning systems, and international training and capacity-building."}],"words":[{"text":"Numerous","start":10525.56,"end":10525.867},{"text":"universities","start":10525.916,"end":10527.017},{"text":"and","start":10527.195,"end":10527.292},{"text":"research","start":10527.292,"end":10527.746},{"text":"institutions","start":10527.843,"end":10528.636},{"text":"across","start":10528.734,"end":10529.155},{"text":"Italy","start":10529.155,"end":10529.462},{"text":"contribute","start":10529.981,"end":10530.612},{"text":"to","start":10530.758,"end":10530.904},{"text":"these","start":10530.92,"end":10531.066},{"text":"efforts.","start":10531.406,"end":10531.713}]},{"text":"Next slide, please.","start":10532.329,"end":10533.09,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next","start":10532.329,"end":10532.588},{"text":"slide,","start":10532.588,"end":10532.847},{"text":"please.","start":10532.944,"end":10533.09}]},{"text":"This slide shows a not exhaustive list of national activities related to space weather.","start":10534.943,"end":10541.651,"topics":[{"key":"space-weather","label":"Space Weather","description":"Multiple interventions addressed monitoring and forecasting of solar and ionospheric phenomena that can affect satellites, communications, navigation, aviation, and infrastructure on Earth. The discussion also covered scientific missions, operational warning systems, and international training and capacity-building."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":10534.943,"end":10535.105},{"text":"slide","start":10535.105,"end":10535.671},{"text":"shows","start":10535.671,"end":10536.204},{"text":"a","start":10537.045,"end":10537.061},{"text":"not","start":10537.061,"end":10537.61},{"text":"exhaustive","start":10537.61,"end":10538.273},{"text":"list","start":10538.273,"end":10538.839},{"text":"of","start":10538.887,"end":10539.033},{"text":"national","start":10539.049,"end":10539.501},{"text":"activities","start":10539.55,"end":10540.083},{"text":"related","start":10540.261,"end":10540.697},{"text":"to","start":10540.746,"end":10540.843},{"text":"space","start":10540.843,"end":10541.247},{"text":"weather.","start":10541.312,"end":10541.651}]},{"text":"The Italian Space Agency, as a member of the European Space Agency, have been pivotal in missions like SOHO, Solar Orbiter, and Baby Colombo, which have advanced significantly space weather sciences.","start":10542.443,"end":10554.651,"topics":[{"key":"space-weather","label":"Space Weather","description":"Multiple interventions addressed monitoring and forecasting of solar and ionospheric phenomena that can affect satellites, communications, navigation, aviation, and infrastructure on Earth. The discussion also covered scientific missions, operational warning systems, and international training and capacity-building."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":10542.443,"end":10542.475},{"text":"Italian","start":10542.475,"end":10542.863},{"text":"Space","start":10542.863,"end":10543.138},{"text":"Agency,","start":10543.251,"end":10543.639},{"text":"as","start":10543.978,"end":10544.043},{"text":"a","start":10544.075,"end":10544.091},{"text":"member","start":10544.091,"end":10544.625},{"text":"of","start":10544.625,"end":10544.69},{"text":"the","start":10544.69,"end":10544.803},{"text":"European","start":10544.803,"end":10545.208},{"text":"Space","start":10545.208,"end":10545.516},{"text":"Agency,","start":10545.516,"end":10545.986},{"text":"have","start":10546.553,"end":10546.731},{"text":"been","start":10546.731,"end":10546.877},{"text":"pivotal","start":10546.909,"end":10547.363},{"text":"in","start":10547.476,"end":10547.606},{"text":"missions","start":10547.638,"end":10548.011},{"text":"like","start":10548.043,"end":10548.303},{"text":"SOHO,","start":10548.303,"end":10548.692},{"text":"Solar","start":10549.016,"end":10549.323},{"text":"Orbiter,","start":10549.323,"end":10549.988},{"text":"and","start":10550.231,"end":10550.296},{"text":"Baby","start":10550.393,"end":10550.603},{"text":"Colombo,","start":10550.636,"end":10551.057},{"text":"which","start":10551.67,"end":10551.718},{"text":"have","start":10551.766,"end":10551.943},{"text":"advanced","start":10551.943,"end":10552.572},{"text":"significantly","start":10552.572,"end":10553.313},{"text":"space","start":10553.313,"end":10553.78},{"text":"weather","start":10553.78,"end":10554.038},{"text":"sciences.","start":10554.038,"end":10554.651}]},{"text":"The Space Weather Italian Community, so-called SWICO, a bottom-up association, promotes and coordinates national efforts.","start":10555.569,"end":10563.603,"topics":[{"key":"space-weather","label":"Space Weather","description":"Multiple interventions addressed monitoring and forecasting of solar and ionospheric phenomena that can affect satellites, communications, navigation, aviation, and infrastructure on Earth. The discussion also covered scientific missions, operational warning systems, and international training and capacity-building."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":10555.569,"end":10555.65},{"text":"Space","start":10555.666,"end":10556.117},{"text":"Weather","start":10556.117,"end":10556.343},{"text":"Italian","start":10556.359,"end":10556.794},{"text":"Community,","start":10556.858,"end":10557.39},{"text":"so-called","start":10557.519,"end":10558.115},{"text":"SWICO,","start":10558.131,"end":10558.55},{"text":"a","start":10558.953,"end":10558.969},{"text":"bottom-up","start":10559.034,"end":10559.533},{"text":"association,","start":10559.582,"end":10559.984},{"text":"promotes","start":10560.697,"end":10561.371},{"text":"and","start":10561.371,"end":10561.58},{"text":"coordinates","start":10561.58,"end":10562.254},{"text":"national","start":10562.335,"end":10562.961},{"text":"efforts.","start":10563.025,"end":10563.603}]},{"text":"Its 3rd Congress has been realized in November 2024 at ASI headquarters in Rome.","start":10563.908,"end":10570.186,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Its","start":10563.908,"end":10564.149},{"text":"3rd","start":10564.229,"end":10564.599},{"text":"Congress","start":10564.727,"end":10565.161},{"text":"has","start":10565.209,"end":10565.418},{"text":"been","start":10565.45,"end":10565.578},{"text":"realized","start":10565.61,"end":10566.156},{"text":"in","start":10566.156,"end":10566.22},{"text":"November","start":10566.253,"end":10566.734},{"text":"2024","start":10566.734,"end":10567.794},{"text":"at","start":10568.324,"end":10568.404},{"text":"ASI","start":10568.645,"end":10568.838},{"text":"headquarters","start":10568.966,"end":10569.673},{"text":"in","start":10569.769,"end":10569.817},{"text":"Rome.","start":10569.93,"end":10570.186}]},{"text":"Moreover, the Italian Air Force, in collaboration with the National Institute for Astrophysics and the National Institute for Geophysics and Volcanology, is developing Italy's operational space weather capacity, with the inclusion of the Italian Space Agency.","start":10570.989,"end":10585.729,"topics":[{"key":"space-weather","label":"Space Weather","description":"Multiple interventions addressed monitoring and forecasting of solar and ionospheric phenomena that can affect satellites, communications, navigation, aviation, and infrastructure on Earth. The discussion also covered scientific missions, operational warning systems, and international training and capacity-building."}],"words":[{"text":"Moreover,","start":10570.989,"end":10571.487},{"text":"the","start":10571.696,"end":10571.76},{"text":"Italian","start":10571.76,"end":10572.097},{"text":"Air","start":10572.097,"end":10572.258},{"text":"Force,","start":10572.274,"end":10572.739},{"text":"in","start":10572.836,"end":10572.884},{"text":"collaboration","start":10572.98,"end":10573.655},{"text":"with","start":10573.719,"end":10573.879},{"text":"the","start":10573.96,"end":10574.04},{"text":"National","start":10574.04,"end":10574.393},{"text":"Institute","start":10574.425,"end":10574.891},{"text":"for","start":10574.907,"end":10575.036},{"text":"Astrophysics","start":10575.084,"end":10576.063},{"text":"and","start":10576.127,"end":10576.192},{"text":"the","start":10576.288,"end":10576.449},{"text":"National","start":10576.449,"end":10576.786},{"text":"Institute","start":10576.786,"end":10577.139},{"text":"for","start":10577.171,"end":10577.396},{"text":"Geophysics","start":10577.396,"end":10577.894},{"text":"and","start":10577.894,"end":10578.022},{"text":"Volcanology,","start":10578.054,"end":10578.745},{"text":"is","start":10579.323,"end":10579.387},{"text":"developing","start":10579.419,"end":10579.933},{"text":"Italy's","start":10580.045,"end":10580.976},{"text":"operational","start":10581.105,"end":10581.779},{"text":"space","start":10581.779,"end":10582.181},{"text":"weather","start":10582.213,"end":10582.534},{"text":"capacity,","start":10582.534,"end":10583.16},{"text":"with","start":10583.674,"end":10583.899},{"text":"the","start":10583.899,"end":10583.963},{"text":"inclusion","start":10583.979,"end":10584.573},{"text":"of","start":10584.718,"end":10584.814},{"text":"the","start":10584.862,"end":10584.894},{"text":"Italian","start":10584.894,"end":10585.215},{"text":"Space","start":10585.215,"end":10585.585},{"text":"Agency.","start":10585.585,"end":10585.729}]},{"text":"Several national programmes are underway, spanning fields such as radio science, with— by EUCI, polar research, Arctic and Antarctic programmes, EU resilience initiatives like the New Generation EU, and the Italian Space Ageing Funding Plan.","start":10586.815,"end":10607.862,"topics":[{"key":"space-weather","label":"Space Weather","description":"Multiple interventions addressed monitoring and forecasting of solar and ionospheric phenomena that can affect satellites, communications, navigation, aviation, and infrastructure on Earth. The discussion also covered scientific missions, operational warning systems, and international training and capacity-building."}],"words":[{"text":"Several","start":10586.815,"end":10587.332},{"text":"national","start":10587.978,"end":10588.56},{"text":"programmes","start":10588.56,"end":10589.029},{"text":"are","start":10589.368,"end":10589.562},{"text":"underway,","start":10589.61,"end":10590.111},{"text":"spanning","start":10590.289,"end":10590.806},{"text":"fields","start":10590.919,"end":10591.258},{"text":"such","start":10591.258,"end":10591.452},{"text":"as","start":10591.565,"end":10591.695},{"text":"radio","start":10591.872,"end":10592.147},{"text":"science,","start":10592.147,"end":10592.955},{"text":"with—","start":10593.87,"end":10594.274},{"text":"by","start":10594.307,"end":10594.355},{"text":"EUCI,","start":10594.388,"end":10594.809},{"text":"polar","start":10595.44,"end":10595.764},{"text":"research,","start":10595.764,"end":10596.46},{"text":"Arctic","start":10596.962,"end":10597.383},{"text":"and","start":10597.383,"end":10597.594},{"text":"Antarctic","start":10597.642,"end":10598.096},{"text":"programmes,","start":10598.112,"end":10598.646},{"text":"EU","start":10599.31,"end":10599.618},{"text":"resilience","start":10599.731,"end":10600.379},{"text":"initiatives","start":10600.379,"end":10601.043},{"text":"like","start":10601.253,"end":10601.674},{"text":"the","start":10601.674,"end":10602.03},{"text":"New","start":10602.322,"end":10602.419},{"text":"Generation","start":10603.275,"end":10603.872},{"text":"EU,","start":10603.872,"end":10604.147},{"text":"and","start":10604.486,"end":10604.599},{"text":"the","start":10604.648,"end":10604.825},{"text":"Italian","start":10605.407,"end":10605.795},{"text":"Space","start":10605.795,"end":10606.118},{"text":"Ageing","start":10606.118,"end":10606.408},{"text":"Funding","start":10606.99,"end":10607.378},{"text":"Plan.","start":10607.571,"end":10607.862}]},{"text":"Next slide, please.","start":10609.736,"end":10610.446,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next","start":10609.736,"end":10609.946},{"text":"slide,","start":10609.946,"end":10610.236},{"text":"please.","start":10610.301,"end":10610.446}]},{"text":"This slide shows, not very well, but shows a not exhaustive list of the ongoing international program and project and program involving Italy.","start":10612.897,"end":10625.666,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":10612.897,"end":10613.058},{"text":"slide","start":10613.058,"end":10613.523},{"text":"shows,","start":10613.523,"end":10614.07},{"text":"not","start":10615.387,"end":10615.629},{"text":"very","start":10615.629,"end":10615.837},{"text":"well,","start":10615.87,"end":10615.998},{"text":"but","start":10616.673,"end":10617.075},{"text":"shows","start":10617.219,"end":10617.685},{"text":"a","start":10618.184,"end":10618.2},{"text":"not","start":10618.2,"end":10618.441},{"text":"exhaustive","start":10618.441,"end":10618.987},{"text":"list","start":10619.164,"end":10619.774},{"text":"of","start":10620.272,"end":10620.385},{"text":"the","start":10620.755,"end":10620.899},{"text":"ongoing","start":10620.98,"end":10621.382},{"text":"international","start":10621.398,"end":10622.139},{"text":"program","start":10622.139,"end":10622.638},{"text":"and","start":10622.783,"end":10622.848},{"text":"project","start":10623.347,"end":10623.83},{"text":"and","start":10623.83,"end":10623.959},{"text":"program","start":10623.991,"end":10624.442},{"text":"involving","start":10624.636,"end":10625.167},{"text":"Italy.","start":10625.296,"end":10625.666}]},{"text":"Italian scientists and engineers are at the forefront of developing cutting-edge instrumentation for future space missions and ground-based observation.","start":10626.633,"end":10636.485,"topics":[{"key":"space-weather","label":"Space Weather","description":"Multiple interventions addressed monitoring and forecasting of solar and ionospheric phenomena that can affect satellites, communications, navigation, aviation, and infrastructure on Earth. The discussion also covered scientific missions, operational warning systems, and international training and capacity-building."}],"words":[{"text":"Italian","start":10626.633,"end":10626.971},{"text":"scientists","start":10626.971,"end":10627.535},{"text":"and","start":10627.535,"end":10627.599},{"text":"engineers","start":10627.599,"end":10628.066},{"text":"are","start":10628.404,"end":10628.839},{"text":"at","start":10628.968,"end":10629.033},{"text":"the","start":10629.065,"end":10629.145},{"text":"forefront","start":10629.145,"end":10630.275},{"text":"of","start":10630.275,"end":10630.405},{"text":"developing","start":10630.503,"end":10630.976},{"text":"cutting-edge","start":10631.09,"end":10631.791},{"text":"instrumentation","start":10631.824,"end":10632.85},{"text":"for","start":10633.193,"end":10633.356},{"text":"future","start":10633.356,"end":10633.796},{"text":"space","start":10633.796,"end":10634.171},{"text":"missions","start":10634.203,"end":10634.627},{"text":"and","start":10634.823,"end":10634.986},{"text":"ground-based","start":10634.986,"end":10635.621},{"text":"observation.","start":10635.654,"end":10636.485}]},{"text":"Significant progress has been made in forecasting and now casting models, enhancing space weather capabilities.","start":10637.046,"end":10644.416,"topics":[{"key":"space-weather","label":"Space Weather","description":"Multiple interventions addressed monitoring and forecasting of solar and ionospheric phenomena that can affect satellites, communications, navigation, aviation, and infrastructure on Earth. The discussion also covered scientific missions, operational warning systems, and international training and capacity-building."}],"words":[{"text":"Significant","start":10637.046,"end":10637.817},{"text":"progress","start":10637.849,"end":10638.218},{"text":"has","start":10638.411,"end":10638.555},{"text":"been","start":10638.588,"end":10638.7},{"text":"made","start":10638.7,"end":10639.069},{"text":"in","start":10639.069,"end":10639.198},{"text":"forecasting","start":10639.214,"end":10639.984},{"text":"and","start":10640.338,"end":10640.402},{"text":"now","start":10640.434,"end":10640.53},{"text":"casting","start":10640.675,"end":10641.125},{"text":"models,","start":10641.157,"end":10641.686},{"text":"enhancing","start":10642.345,"end":10642.73},{"text":"space","start":10642.843,"end":10643.212},{"text":"weather","start":10643.388,"end":10643.726},{"text":"capabilities.","start":10643.726,"end":10644.416}]},{"text":"Italy collaborates with major international organizations including the International Space Weather Initiative, that is supported by UNOSA, the Committee on Space Research, the Scientific Committee on Solar Terrestrial Physics, COSTEP, the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research, SCAAR, where recently SCAAR approved the Antarctic Geospace and Atmosphere Research, so-called AGATA, as one of the 4 scientific research programmes of SCAAR.","start":10645.074,"end":10678.751,"topics":[{"key":"space-weather","label":"Space Weather","description":"Multiple interventions addressed monitoring and forecasting of solar and ionospheric phenomena that can affect satellites, communications, navigation, aviation, and infrastructure on Earth. The discussion also covered scientific missions, operational warning systems, and international training and capacity-building."}],"words":[{"text":"Italy","start":10645.074,"end":10645.46},{"text":"collaborates","start":10645.974,"end":10646.905},{"text":"with","start":10647.098,"end":10647.306},{"text":"major","start":10647.338,"end":10647.9},{"text":"international","start":10648.045,"end":10648.735},{"text":"organizations","start":10648.767,"end":10649.635},{"text":"including","start":10649.731,"end":10650.196},{"text":"the","start":10650.389,"end":10650.469},{"text":"International","start":10650.935,"end":10651.674},{"text":"Space","start":10651.754,"end":10652.412},{"text":"Weather","start":10652.477,"end":10652.798},{"text":"Initiative,","start":10652.798,"end":10653.568},{"text":"that","start":10653.922,"end":10654.146},{"text":"is","start":10654.146,"end":10654.179},{"text":"supported","start":10654.179,"end":10654.853},{"text":"by","start":10654.885,"end":10655.078},{"text":"UNOSA,","start":10655.126,"end":10655.608},{"text":"the","start":10656.25,"end":10656.33},{"text":"Committee","start":10656.394,"end":10657.021},{"text":"on","start":10657.358,"end":10657.39},{"text":"Space","start":10657.39,"end":10657.968},{"text":"Research,","start":10658.016,"end":10658.594},{"text":"the","start":10659.445,"end":10659.525},{"text":"Scientific","start":10659.525,"end":10660.087},{"text":"Committee","start":10660.087,"end":10660.633},{"text":"on","start":10660.73,"end":10660.826},{"text":"Solar","start":10660.826,"end":10661.292},{"text":"Terrestrial","start":10661.292,"end":10661.87},{"text":"Physics,","start":10661.87,"end":10662.367},{"text":"COSTEP,","start":10662.4,"end":10662.833},{"text":"the","start":10663.379,"end":10663.476},{"text":"Scientific","start":10663.476,"end":10664.102},{"text":"Committee","start":10664.102,"end":10664.568},{"text":"on","start":10664.745,"end":10664.793},{"text":"Antarctic","start":10664.841,"end":10665.467},{"text":"Research,","start":10665.467,"end":10665.933},{"text":"SCAAR,","start":10666.046,"end":10666.527},{"text":"where","start":10666.993,"end":10667.25},{"text":"recently","start":10667.25,"end":10667.941},{"text":"SCAAR","start":10668.776,"end":10669.194},{"text":"approved","start":10669.322,"end":10669.884},{"text":"the","start":10669.884,"end":10669.965},{"text":"Antarctic","start":10670.045,"end":10670.688},{"text":"Geospace","start":10670.704,"end":10671.394},{"text":"and","start":10671.587,"end":10671.651},{"text":"Atmosphere","start":10671.812,"end":10672.342},{"text":"Research,","start":10672.374,"end":10672.92},{"text":"so-called","start":10673.129,"end":10673.98},{"text":"AGATA,","start":10673.98,"end":10674.478},{"text":"as","start":10674.864,"end":10674.928},{"text":"one","start":10675.281,"end":10675.522},{"text":"of","start":10675.522,"end":10675.635},{"text":"the","start":10675.683,"end":10675.763},{"text":"4","start":10675.763,"end":10676.181},{"text":"scientific","start":10676.566,"end":10677.209},{"text":"research","start":10677.225,"end":10677.675},{"text":"programmes","start":10677.691,"end":10678.092},{"text":"of","start":10678.253,"end":10678.349},{"text":"SCAAR.","start":10678.349,"end":10678.751}]},{"text":"Additionally, INGV is a key provider for the PECASUS Consortium, one of the 4 global centres selected by ECAO to provide 24/7 space weather services for the International Civil Aviation Organization.","start":10679.538,"end":10696.263,"topics":[{"key":"space-weather","label":"Space Weather","description":"Multiple interventions addressed monitoring and forecasting of solar and ionospheric phenomena that can affect satellites, communications, navigation, aviation, and infrastructure on Earth. The discussion also covered scientific missions, operational warning systems, and international training and capacity-building."}],"words":[{"text":"Additionally,","start":10679.538,"end":10680.212},{"text":"INGV","start":10681.048,"end":10681.401},{"text":"is","start":10681.401,"end":10681.594},{"text":"a","start":10682.011,"end":10682.06},{"text":"key","start":10682.349,"end":10682.59},{"text":"provider","start":10682.59,"end":10683.232},{"text":"for","start":10683.232,"end":10683.473},{"text":"the","start":10683.473,"end":10683.618},{"text":"PECASUS","start":10683.618,"end":10684.26},{"text":"Consortium,","start":10684.26,"end":10685.127},{"text":"one","start":10685.481,"end":10685.593},{"text":"of","start":10685.706,"end":10685.866},{"text":"the","start":10685.866,"end":10686.059},{"text":"4","start":10686.444,"end":10686.782},{"text":"global","start":10686.926,"end":10687.344},{"text":"centres","start":10687.344,"end":10687.842},{"text":"selected","start":10687.842,"end":10690.107},{"text":"by","start":10688.373,"end":10688.486},{"text":"ECAO","start":10688.551,"end":10688.777},{"text":"to","start":10689.424,"end":10689.554},{"text":"provide","start":10689.57,"end":10689.991},{"text":"24/7","start":10689.991,"end":10691.463},{"text":"space","start":10691.463,"end":10691.867},{"text":"weather","start":10691.916,"end":10692.175},{"text":"services","start":10692.175,"end":10692.789},{"text":"for","start":10693.453,"end":10693.631},{"text":"the","start":10693.631,"end":10693.695},{"text":"International","start":10693.695,"end":10694.504},{"text":"Civil","start":10694.504,"end":10694.795},{"text":"Aviation","start":10695.087,"end":10695.54},{"text":"Organization.","start":10695.54,"end":10696.263}]},{"text":"Italy also participates in multiple EU and ESA-funded space weather projects in collaboration with international partners.","start":10697.355,"end":10707.55,"topics":[{"key":"space-weather","label":"Space Weather","description":"Multiple interventions addressed monitoring and forecasting of solar and ionospheric phenomena that can affect satellites, communications, navigation, aviation, and infrastructure on Earth. The discussion also covered scientific missions, operational warning systems, and international training and capacity-building."}],"words":[{"text":"Italy","start":10697.355,"end":10697.709},{"text":"also","start":10697.966,"end":10698.223},{"text":"participates","start":10698.288,"end":10699.348},{"text":"in","start":10699.348,"end":10699.38},{"text":"multiple","start":10699.38,"end":10699.975},{"text":"EU","start":10700.328,"end":10700.746},{"text":"and","start":10701.18,"end":10701.244},{"text":"ESA-funded","start":10701.437,"end":10702.128},{"text":"space","start":10702.16,"end":10702.562},{"text":"weather","start":10702.562,"end":10702.932},{"text":"projects","start":10702.948,"end":10703.446},{"text":"in","start":10703.832,"end":10703.896},{"text":"collaboration","start":10703.928,"end":10704.7},{"text":"with","start":10704.879,"end":10704.993},{"text":"international","start":10705.204,"end":10706.166},{"text":"partners.","start":10706.931,"end":10707.55}]},{"text":"Next slide, please.","start":10708.56,"end":10709.342,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next","start":10708.56,"end":10708.837},{"text":"slide,","start":10708.837,"end":10709.016},{"text":"please.","start":10709.212,"end":10709.342}]},{"text":"ASI is an active participant in the ESA Space Safety Programme, contributing to the ESA Space Weather Services.","start":10711.98,"end":10720.251,"topics":[{"key":"space-weather","label":"Space Weather","description":"Multiple interventions addressed monitoring and forecasting of solar and ionospheric phenomena that can affect satellites, communications, navigation, aviation, and infrastructure on Earth. The discussion also covered scientific missions, operational warning systems, and international training and capacity-building."}],"words":[{"text":"ASI","start":10711.98,"end":10712.633},{"text":"is","start":10713.058,"end":10713.124},{"text":"an","start":10713.156,"end":10713.303},{"text":"active","start":10713.303,"end":10713.696},{"text":"participant","start":10713.728,"end":10714.627},{"text":"in","start":10714.627,"end":10714.758},{"text":"the","start":10714.791,"end":10715.02},{"text":"ESA","start":10715.101,"end":10715.445},{"text":"Space","start":10715.445,"end":10715.804},{"text":"Safety","start":10715.853,"end":10716.229},{"text":"Programme,","start":10716.262,"end":10716.687},{"text":"contributing","start":10717.217,"end":10718.003},{"text":"to","start":10718.26,"end":10718.357},{"text":"the","start":10718.357,"end":10718.582},{"text":"ESA","start":10718.662,"end":10718.919},{"text":"Space","start":10718.919,"end":10719.304},{"text":"Weather","start":10719.32,"end":10719.577},{"text":"Services.","start":10719.577,"end":10720.251}]},{"text":"These services support various sectors including spacecraft design, power system operation, aviation safety, auroral tourism.","start":10721.102,"end":10730.367,"topics":[{"key":"space-weather","label":"Space Weather","description":"Multiple interventions addressed monitoring and forecasting of solar and ionospheric phenomena that can affect satellites, communications, navigation, aviation, and infrastructure on Earth. The discussion also covered scientific missions, operational warning systems, and international training and capacity-building."}],"words":[{"text":"These","start":10721.102,"end":10721.263},{"text":"services","start":10721.263,"end":10721.777},{"text":"support","start":10721.809,"end":10722.451},{"text":"various","start":10722.451,"end":10722.885},{"text":"sectors","start":10722.933,"end":10723.415},{"text":"including","start":10723.415,"end":10723.944},{"text":"spacecraft","start":10724.057,"end":10724.779},{"text":"design,","start":10724.779,"end":10725.39},{"text":"power","start":10725.968,"end":10726.224},{"text":"system","start":10726.305,"end":10726.77},{"text":"operation,","start":10726.77,"end":10727.429},{"text":"aviation","start":10727.67,"end":10728.232},{"text":"safety,","start":10728.232,"end":10728.842},{"text":"auroral","start":10729.259,"end":10729.885},{"text":"tourism.","start":10729.917,"end":10730.367}]},{"text":"ESA Space Weather Services rely on 5 expert service centres, with ENAF and INGV playing a critical role in solar and heliospheric weather, as well as in ionospheric weather expert service centers.","start":10731.057,"end":10746.865,"topics":[{"key":"space-weather","label":"Space Weather","description":"Multiple interventions addressed monitoring and forecasting of solar and ionospheric phenomena that can affect satellites, communications, navigation, aviation, and infrastructure on Earth. The discussion also covered scientific missions, operational warning systems, and international training and capacity-building."}],"words":[{"text":"ESA","start":10731.057,"end":10731.282},{"text":"Space","start":10731.282,"end":10731.587},{"text":"Weather","start":10731.587,"end":10731.78},{"text":"Services","start":10731.78,"end":10732.374},{"text":"rely","start":10732.487,"end":10732.84},{"text":"on","start":10732.888,"end":10733.049},{"text":"5","start":10733.049,"end":10733.578},{"text":"expert","start":10733.755,"end":10734.253},{"text":"service","start":10734.253,"end":10734.686},{"text":"centres,","start":10734.734,"end":10735.184},{"text":"with","start":10735.923,"end":10736.212},{"text":"ENAF","start":10736.404,"end":10736.677},{"text":"and","start":10737.047,"end":10737.641},{"text":"INGV","start":10737.689,"end":10737.914},{"text":"playing","start":10738.508,"end":10738.797},{"text":"a","start":10738.909,"end":10739.07},{"text":"critical","start":10739.07,"end":10739.6},{"text":"role","start":10739.616,"end":10739.76},{"text":"in","start":10740.129,"end":10740.178},{"text":"solar","start":10740.258,"end":10740.9},{"text":"and","start":10740.98,"end":10741.093},{"text":"heliospheric","start":10741.093,"end":10741.799},{"text":"weather,","start":10741.799,"end":10742.249},{"text":"as","start":10742.523,"end":10742.653},{"text":"well","start":10742.685,"end":10742.815},{"text":"as","start":10742.912,"end":10743.139},{"text":"in","start":10743.398,"end":10743.463},{"text":"ionospheric","start":10743.657,"end":10744.467},{"text":"weather","start":10744.532,"end":10744.937},{"text":"expert","start":10745.342,"end":10745.763},{"text":"service","start":10745.763,"end":10746.298},{"text":"centers.","start":10746.33,"end":10746.865}]},{"text":"Next slide, please.","start":10748.356,"end":10749.133,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next","start":10748.356,"end":10748.631},{"text":"slide,","start":10748.631,"end":10748.89},{"text":"please.","start":10748.988,"end":10749.133}]},{"text":"The National Institute for Astrophysics contributes to solar observation through its solar telescopes at the Catania and Turin observatories.","start":10751.322,"end":10761.081,"topics":[{"key":"space-weather","label":"Space Weather","description":"Multiple interventions addressed monitoring and forecasting of solar and ionospheric phenomena that can affect satellites, communications, navigation, aviation, and infrastructure on Earth. The discussion also covered scientific missions, operational warning systems, and international training and capacity-building."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":10751.322,"end":10751.354},{"text":"National","start":10751.354,"end":10751.824},{"text":"Institute","start":10751.824,"end":10752.374},{"text":"for","start":10752.374,"end":10752.568},{"text":"Astrophysics","start":10752.617,"end":10753.588},{"text":"contributes","start":10753.588,"end":10754.43},{"text":"to","start":10754.543,"end":10754.656},{"text":"solar","start":10754.656,"end":10755.126},{"text":"observation","start":10755.126,"end":10755.903},{"text":"through","start":10756.178,"end":10756.34},{"text":"its","start":10756.583,"end":10756.777},{"text":"solar","start":10757.068,"end":10757.635},{"text":"telescopes","start":10757.635,"end":10758.735},{"text":"at","start":10758.849,"end":10758.994},{"text":"the","start":10758.994,"end":10759.075},{"text":"Catania","start":10759.075,"end":10759.739},{"text":"and","start":10759.82,"end":10759.95},{"text":"Turin","start":10759.95,"end":10760.192},{"text":"observatories.","start":10760.289,"end":10761.081}]},{"text":"The slide displays on the left a recent image of the Sun provided in real time by the Catania Observatory.","start":10762.067,"end":10769.853,"topics":[{"key":"space-weather","label":"Space Weather","description":"Multiple interventions addressed monitoring and forecasting of solar and ionospheric phenomena that can affect satellites, communications, navigation, aviation, and infrastructure on Earth. The discussion also covered scientific missions, operational warning systems, and international training and capacity-building."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":10762.067,"end":10762.164},{"text":"slide","start":10762.164,"end":10762.568},{"text":"displays","start":10762.568,"end":10763.182},{"text":"on","start":10763.537,"end":10763.634},{"text":"the","start":10763.699,"end":10763.78},{"text":"left","start":10763.78,"end":10764.475},{"text":"a","start":10764.491,"end":10764.507},{"text":"recent","start":10764.572,"end":10764.992},{"text":"image","start":10764.992,"end":10765.444},{"text":"of","start":10765.541,"end":10765.655},{"text":"the","start":10765.735,"end":10765.816},{"text":"Sun","start":10765.816,"end":10766.188},{"text":"provided","start":10766.673,"end":10767.093},{"text":"in","start":10767.093,"end":10767.206},{"text":"real","start":10767.238,"end":10767.562},{"text":"time","start":10767.642,"end":10767.982},{"text":"by","start":10768.435,"end":10768.58},{"text":"the","start":10768.58,"end":10768.676},{"text":"Catania","start":10768.676,"end":10769.144},{"text":"Observatory.","start":10769.144,"end":10769.853}]},{"text":"And on the right, the magnetic effect analysis showcasing parameters such as magnetic field intensity, solar wind speed, proton number density, proton temperature, spectrogram of magnetic helicity.","start":10770.191,"end":10785.603,"topics":[{"key":"space-weather","label":"Space Weather","description":"Multiple interventions addressed monitoring and forecasting of solar and ionospheric phenomena that can affect satellites, communications, navigation, aviation, and infrastructure on Earth. The discussion also covered scientific missions, operational warning systems, and international training and capacity-building."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":10770.191,"end":10770.368},{"text":"on","start":10770.433,"end":10770.497},{"text":"the","start":10770.529,"end":10770.674},{"text":"right,","start":10770.674,"end":10771.174},{"text":"the","start":10771.561,"end":10771.625},{"text":"magnetic","start":10771.657,"end":10772.302},{"text":"effect","start":10772.302,"end":10772.866},{"text":"analysis","start":10773.092,"end":10773.623},{"text":"showcasing","start":10774.3,"end":10774.929},{"text":"parameters","start":10775.122,"end":10775.734},{"text":"such","start":10775.767,"end":10776.024},{"text":"as","start":10776.073,"end":10776.218},{"text":"magnetic","start":10776.46,"end":10776.879},{"text":"field","start":10776.879,"end":10777.17},{"text":"intensity,","start":10777.283,"end":10777.994},{"text":"solar","start":10778.898,"end":10779.367},{"text":"wind","start":10779.464,"end":10779.641},{"text":"speed,","start":10779.641,"end":10780.174},{"text":"proton","start":10780.368,"end":10780.74},{"text":"number","start":10780.853,"end":10781.256},{"text":"density,","start":10781.321,"end":10781.757},{"text":"proton","start":10782.048,"end":10782.435},{"text":"temperature,","start":10782.468,"end":10783.114},{"text":"spectrogram","start":10783.13,"end":10783.954},{"text":"of","start":10784.228,"end":10784.341},{"text":"magnetic","start":10784.406,"end":10785.02},{"text":"helicity.","start":10785.02,"end":10785.603}]},{"text":"Next slide, please.","start":10786.136,"end":10786.936,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next","start":10786.136,"end":10786.336},{"text":"slide,","start":10786.336,"end":10786.636},{"text":"please.","start":10786.72,"end":10786.936}]},{"text":"The National Institute for Geophysics and Volcanology provides ionospheric products critical for GNSS and HF radio communication.","start":10789.02,"end":10797.433,"topics":[{"key":"space-weather","label":"Space Weather","description":"Multiple interventions addressed monitoring and forecasting of solar and ionospheric phenomena that can affect satellites, communications, navigation, aviation, and infrastructure on Earth. The discussion also covered scientific missions, operational warning systems, and international training and capacity-building."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":10789.02,"end":10789.068},{"text":"National","start":10789.068,"end":10789.603},{"text":"Institute","start":10789.603,"end":10790.203},{"text":"for","start":10790.203,"end":10790.575},{"text":"Geophysics","start":10790.592,"end":10791.159},{"text":"and","start":10791.159,"end":10791.24},{"text":"Volcanology","start":10791.24,"end":10792.018},{"text":"provides","start":10792.115,"end":10792.601},{"text":"ionospheric","start":10792.601,"end":10793.331},{"text":"products","start":10793.331,"end":10793.865},{"text":"critical","start":10793.836,"end":10794.318},{"text":"for","start":10794.318,"end":10794.639},{"text":"GNSS","start":10794.639,"end":10795.233},{"text":"and","start":10795.682,"end":10795.763},{"text":"HF","start":10795.859,"end":10796.276},{"text":"radio","start":10796.341,"end":10796.662},{"text":"communication.","start":10796.662,"end":10797.433}]},{"text":"In particular, the nowcasting and forecasting of the maps of MOV-3000.","start":10798.171,"end":10802.362,"topics":[{"key":"space-weather","label":"Space Weather","description":"Multiple interventions addressed monitoring and forecasting of solar and ionospheric phenomena that can affect satellites, communications, navigation, aviation, and infrastructure on Earth. The discussion also covered scientific missions, operational warning systems, and international training and capacity-building."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":10798.171,"end":10798.235},{"text":"particular,","start":10798.267,"end":10798.797},{"text":"the","start":10798.894,"end":10798.99},{"text":"nowcasting","start":10798.99,"end":10799.6},{"text":"and","start":10799.697,"end":10799.777},{"text":"forecasting","start":10799.777,"end":10800.403},{"text":"of","start":10800.435,"end":10800.564},{"text":"the","start":10800.66,"end":10800.692},{"text":"maps","start":10800.692,"end":10801.093},{"text":"of","start":10801.158,"end":10801.286},{"text":"MOV-3000.","start":10801.382,"end":10802.362}]},{"text":"They are estimated every 50 minutes from real-time ionosonde data recorded at several stations over Europe on your left.","start":10803.229,"end":10812.59,"topics":[{"key":"space-weather","label":"Space Weather","description":"Multiple interventions addressed monitoring and forecasting of solar and ionospheric phenomena that can affect satellites, communications, navigation, aviation, and infrastructure on Earth. The discussion also covered scientific missions, operational warning systems, and international training and capacity-building."}],"words":[{"text":"They","start":10803.229,"end":10803.325},{"text":"are","start":10803.47,"end":10803.63},{"text":"estimated","start":10803.63,"end":10804.224},{"text":"every","start":10804.433,"end":10804.738},{"text":"50","start":10804.754,"end":10805.236},{"text":"minutes","start":10805.236,"end":10806.183},{"text":"from","start":10806.28,"end":10806.424},{"text":"real-time","start":10806.521,"end":10807.179},{"text":"ionosonde","start":10807.179,"end":10807.789},{"text":"data","start":10807.821,"end":10808.223},{"text":"recorded","start":10808.223,"end":10808.849},{"text":"at","start":10808.849,"end":10809.009},{"text":"several","start":10809.009,"end":10809.507},{"text":"stations","start":10809.507,"end":10810.037},{"text":"over","start":10810.454,"end":10810.727},{"text":"Europe","start":10811.032,"end":10811.53},{"text":"on","start":10811.98,"end":10812.076},{"text":"your","start":10812.14,"end":10812.381},{"text":"left.","start":10812.381,"end":10812.59}]},{"text":"On the right, the nowcasting and forecasting of the ionospheric total electron content maps over central Mediterranean area.","start":10813.521,"end":10821.454,"topics":[{"key":"space-weather","label":"Space Weather","description":"Multiple interventions addressed monitoring and forecasting of solar and ionospheric phenomena that can affect satellites, communications, navigation, aviation, and infrastructure on Earth. The discussion also covered scientific missions, operational warning systems, and international training and capacity-building."}],"words":[{"text":"On","start":10813.521,"end":10813.569},{"text":"the","start":10813.602,"end":10813.682},{"text":"right,","start":10813.682,"end":10814.164},{"text":"the","start":10814.324,"end":10814.404},{"text":"nowcasting","start":10814.42,"end":10815.095},{"text":"and","start":10815.127,"end":10815.191},{"text":"forecasting","start":10815.191,"end":10815.817},{"text":"of","start":10815.93,"end":10816.058},{"text":"the","start":10816.09,"end":10816.171},{"text":"ionospheric","start":10816.315,"end":10817.134},{"text":"total","start":10817.134,"end":10817.471},{"text":"electron","start":10817.471,"end":10817.985},{"text":"content","start":10818.001,"end":10818.595},{"text":"maps","start":10818.595,"end":10818.868},{"text":"over","start":10819.366,"end":10819.559},{"text":"central","start":10819.559,"end":10820.185},{"text":"Mediterranean","start":10820.185,"end":10821.052},{"text":"area.","start":10821.052,"end":10821.454}]},{"text":"The maps are estimated every 10 minutes and with no ionospheric input model is ingested to highlight the ionospheric irregularities in the Mediterranean area.","start":10822.097,"end":10834.288,"topics":[{"key":"space-weather","label":"Space Weather","description":"Multiple interventions addressed monitoring and forecasting of solar and ionospheric phenomena that can affect satellites, communications, navigation, aviation, and infrastructure on Earth. The discussion also covered scientific missions, operational warning systems, and international training and capacity-building."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":10822.097,"end":10822.177},{"text":"maps","start":10822.177,"end":10822.594},{"text":"are","start":10822.819,"end":10822.916},{"text":"estimated","start":10822.916,"end":10823.687},{"text":"every","start":10823.783,"end":10824.008},{"text":"10","start":10824.185,"end":10824.345},{"text":"minutes","start":10824.442,"end":10824.875},{"text":"and","start":10825.711,"end":10825.936},{"text":"with","start":10826.289,"end":10826.466},{"text":"no","start":10826.61,"end":10826.787},{"text":"ionospheric","start":10826.996,"end":10827.67},{"text":"input","start":10827.67,"end":10828.072},{"text":"model","start":10828.072,"end":10828.714},{"text":"is","start":10828.714,"end":10828.827},{"text":"ingested","start":10828.923,"end":10829.55},{"text":"to","start":10829.582,"end":10829.71},{"text":"highlight","start":10829.967,"end":10830.915},{"text":"the","start":10830.947,"end":10831.027},{"text":"ionospheric","start":10831.108,"end":10831.991},{"text":"irregularities","start":10831.991,"end":10832.762},{"text":"in","start":10833.035,"end":10833.132},{"text":"the","start":10833.18,"end":10833.212},{"text":"Mediterranean","start":10833.212,"end":10833.967},{"text":"area.","start":10834.063,"end":10834.288}]},{"text":"The maps are based on a real-time GNSS data network from a large Italian GNSS observations.","start":10834.882,"end":10842.641,"topics":[{"key":"space-weather","label":"Space Weather","description":"Multiple interventions addressed monitoring and forecasting of solar and ionospheric phenomena that can affect satellites, communications, navigation, aviation, and infrastructure on Earth. The discussion also covered scientific missions, operational warning systems, and international training and capacity-building."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":10834.882,"end":10834.963},{"text":"maps","start":10834.963,"end":10835.3},{"text":"are","start":10835.509,"end":10835.621},{"text":"based","start":10835.686,"end":10836.055},{"text":"on","start":10836.151,"end":10836.312},{"text":"a","start":10836.312,"end":10836.392},{"text":"real-time","start":10836.392,"end":10837.195},{"text":"GNSS","start":10837.195,"end":10837.87},{"text":"data","start":10837.87,"end":10838.256},{"text":"network","start":10838.256,"end":10838.914},{"text":"from","start":10839.284,"end":10839.492},{"text":"a","start":10839.541,"end":10839.557},{"text":"large","start":10839.701,"end":10840.151},{"text":"Italian","start":10840.344,"end":10840.874},{"text":"GNSS","start":10840.97,"end":10841.516},{"text":"observations.","start":10841.773,"end":10842.641}]},{"text":"Next slide, please.","start":10843.958,"end":10844.777,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next","start":10843.958,"end":10844.263},{"text":"slide,","start":10844.263,"end":10844.552},{"text":"please.","start":10844.665,"end":10844.777}]},{"text":"The NoRisk project is a collaboration between Italian Space Agency and the National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology, with the aim to perform research activity for the study of Sun-Earth relations and developments of monitoring in the context of space weather.","start":10846.899,"end":10863.853,"topics":[{"key":"space-weather","label":"Space Weather","description":"Multiple interventions addressed monitoring and forecasting of solar and ionospheric phenomena that can affect satellites, communications, navigation, aviation, and infrastructure on Earth. The discussion also covered scientific missions, operational warning systems, and international training and capacity-building."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":10846.899,"end":10846.995},{"text":"NoRisk","start":10846.995,"end":10847.544},{"text":"project","start":10847.544,"end":10848.14},{"text":"is","start":10848.334,"end":10848.398},{"text":"a","start":10848.446,"end":10848.463},{"text":"collaboration","start":10848.575,"end":10849.366},{"text":"between","start":10849.382,"end":10849.801},{"text":"Italian","start":10849.801,"end":10850.22},{"text":"Space","start":10850.22,"end":10850.591},{"text":"Agency","start":10850.591,"end":10851.059},{"text":"and","start":10851.091,"end":10851.22},{"text":"the","start":10851.252,"end":10851.333},{"text":"National","start":10851.333,"end":10851.72},{"text":"Institute","start":10851.72,"end":10852.219},{"text":"of","start":10852.219,"end":10852.429},{"text":"Geophysics","start":10852.526,"end":10853.09},{"text":"and","start":10853.09,"end":10853.203},{"text":"Volcanology,","start":10853.251,"end":10853.912},{"text":"with","start":10854.541,"end":10854.719},{"text":"the","start":10854.719,"end":10854.767},{"text":"aim","start":10854.864,"end":10855.138},{"text":"to","start":10855.138,"end":10855.251},{"text":"perform","start":10855.284,"end":10855.801},{"text":"research","start":10855.849,"end":10856.302},{"text":"activity","start":10856.415,"end":10856.949},{"text":"for","start":10857.45,"end":10857.628},{"text":"the","start":10857.628,"end":10857.709},{"text":"study","start":10857.709,"end":10858.194},{"text":"of","start":10858.194,"end":10858.323},{"text":"Sun-Earth","start":10858.452,"end":10859.083},{"text":"relations","start":10859.148,"end":10859.778},{"text":"and","start":10860.037,"end":10860.118},{"text":"developments","start":10860.118,"end":10860.732},{"text":"of","start":10860.926,"end":10861.039},{"text":"monitoring","start":10861.088,"end":10861.557},{"text":"in","start":10862.074,"end":10862.123},{"text":"the","start":10862.155,"end":10862.317},{"text":"context","start":10862.317,"end":10862.947},{"text":"of","start":10863.028,"end":10863.06},{"text":"space","start":10863.06,"end":10863.529},{"text":"weather.","start":10863.529,"end":10863.853}]},{"text":"The project involves the Kenya government, through the Kenya Space Agency, and the local public university.","start":10864.661,"end":10870.145,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":10864.661,"end":10864.71},{"text":"project","start":10864.71,"end":10865.148},{"text":"involves","start":10865.148,"end":10865.521},{"text":"the","start":10865.634,"end":10865.78},{"text":"Kenya","start":10865.78,"end":10866.202},{"text":"government,","start":10866.267,"end":10866.932},{"text":"through","start":10867.078,"end":10867.176},{"text":"the","start":10867.322,"end":10867.484},{"text":"Kenya","start":10867.484,"end":10867.695},{"text":"Space","start":10867.744,"end":10868.133},{"text":"Agency,","start":10868.133,"end":10868.685},{"text":"and","start":10868.798,"end":10868.863},{"text":"the","start":10868.944,"end":10869.025},{"text":"local","start":10869.123,"end":10869.431},{"text":"public","start":10869.528,"end":10869.934},{"text":"university.","start":10869.934,"end":10870.145}]},{"text":"like P1 University.","start":10871.075,"end":10872.539,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"like","start":10871.075,"end":10871.332},{"text":"P1","start":10871.332,"end":10871.751},{"text":"University.","start":10871.783,"end":10872.539}]},{"text":"The goals are: design and develop an ionospheric observatory at the Brolio Space Center in Malindi, already installed; development of models, algorithms, and products for monitoring the low-latitude ionosphere in the African sector; and finally, training young researchers and technicians in the field of space weather.","start":10873.07,"end":10894.972,"topics":[{"key":"space-weather","label":"Space Weather","description":"Multiple interventions addressed monitoring and forecasting of solar and ionospheric phenomena that can affect satellites, communications, navigation, aviation, and infrastructure on Earth. The discussion also covered scientific missions, operational warning systems, and international training and capacity-building."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":10873.07,"end":10873.167},{"text":"goals","start":10873.167,"end":10873.456},{"text":"are:","start":10873.633,"end":10873.746},{"text":"design","start":10874.358,"end":10874.824},{"text":"and","start":10875.017,"end":10875.082},{"text":"develop","start":10875.178,"end":10875.645},{"text":"an","start":10875.645,"end":10875.742},{"text":"ionospheric","start":10875.742,"end":10876.466},{"text":"observatory","start":10876.466,"end":10877.238},{"text":"at","start":10877.351,"end":10877.431},{"text":"the","start":10877.431,"end":10877.592},{"text":"Brolio","start":10877.592,"end":10877.85},{"text":"Space","start":10877.85,"end":10878.155},{"text":"Center","start":10878.155,"end":10878.445},{"text":"in","start":10878.493,"end":10878.574},{"text":"Malindi,","start":10878.574,"end":10879.056},{"text":"already","start":10879.62,"end":10879.894},{"text":"installed;","start":10879.894,"end":10880.428},{"text":"development","start":10881.01,"end":10881.657},{"text":"of","start":10881.657,"end":10881.802},{"text":"models,","start":10881.851,"end":10882.287},{"text":"algorithms,","start":10882.627,"end":10883.177},{"text":"and","start":10883.597,"end":10883.662},{"text":"products","start":10883.839,"end":10884.325},{"text":"for","start":10884.325,"end":10884.502},{"text":"monitoring","start":10884.502,"end":10885.036},{"text":"the","start":10885.133,"end":10885.295},{"text":"low-latitude","start":10885.311,"end":10886.038},{"text":"ionosphere","start":10886.038,"end":10886.734},{"text":"in","start":10887.154,"end":10887.235},{"text":"the","start":10887.235,"end":10887.396},{"text":"African","start":10887.396,"end":10887.815},{"text":"sector;","start":10887.815,"end":10888.299},{"text":"and","start":10889.008,"end":10889.733},{"text":"finally,","start":10889.814,"end":10890.281},{"text":"training","start":10890.459,"end":10890.765},{"text":"young","start":10890.942,"end":10891.168},{"text":"researchers","start":10891.281,"end":10891.974},{"text":"and","start":10892.151,"end":10892.216},{"text":"technicians","start":10892.248,"end":10892.989},{"text":"in","start":10893.457,"end":10893.505},{"text":"the","start":10893.537,"end":10893.618},{"text":"field","start":10893.618,"end":10894.166},{"text":"of","start":10894.182,"end":10894.279},{"text":"space","start":10894.279,"end":10894.65},{"text":"weather.","start":10894.666,"end":10894.972}]},{"text":"Next slide, please.","start":10896.353,"end":10897.156,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next","start":10896.353,"end":10896.566},{"text":"slide,","start":10896.566,"end":10896.861},{"text":"please.","start":10896.943,"end":10897.156}]},{"text":"The ASIA-INGV partnership in the framework of NARISC facilitated the realization of the Eastern Africa Capacity Building Workshop on Space Weather and Low Latitude Ionosphere in Malindi in October 2023, with the participation of around 30 young scientists.","start":10900.59,"end":10921.08,"topics":[{"key":"space-weather","label":"Space Weather","description":"Multiple interventions addressed monitoring and forecasting of solar and ionospheric phenomena that can affect satellites, communications, navigation, aviation, and infrastructure on Earth. The discussion also covered scientific missions, operational warning systems, and international training and capacity-building."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":10900.59,"end":10900.946},{"text":"ASIA-INGV","start":10901.092,"end":10901.53},{"text":"partnership","start":10901.838,"end":10902.568},{"text":"in","start":10902.568,"end":10902.649},{"text":"the","start":10902.649,"end":10902.795},{"text":"framework","start":10902.795,"end":10903.46},{"text":"of","start":10903.46,"end":10903.671},{"text":"NARISC","start":10903.687,"end":10904.352},{"text":"facilitated","start":10904.676,"end":10905.552},{"text":"the","start":10905.552,"end":10905.584},{"text":"realization","start":10905.584,"end":10906.493},{"text":"of","start":10906.525,"end":10906.687},{"text":"the","start":10906.687,"end":10906.947},{"text":"Eastern","start":10907.012,"end":10907.482},{"text":"Africa","start":10907.579,"end":10908.05},{"text":"Capacity","start":10908.05,"end":10908.565},{"text":"Building","start":10908.645,"end":10909.016},{"text":"Workshop","start":10909.193,"end":10909.853},{"text":"on","start":10910.24,"end":10910.304},{"text":"Space","start":10910.32,"end":10910.739},{"text":"Weather","start":10910.739,"end":10911.061},{"text":"and","start":10911.85,"end":10912.027},{"text":"Low","start":10912.108,"end":10912.333},{"text":"Latitude","start":10912.333,"end":10912.897},{"text":"Ionosphere","start":10912.897,"end":10913.654},{"text":"in","start":10913.895,"end":10913.976},{"text":"Malindi","start":10913.976,"end":10914.459},{"text":"in","start":10915.007,"end":10915.087},{"text":"October","start":10915.087,"end":10915.57},{"text":"2023,","start":10915.57,"end":10916.681},{"text":"with","start":10916.939,"end":10917.181},{"text":"the","start":10917.181,"end":10917.31},{"text":"participation","start":10917.31,"end":10918.171},{"text":"of","start":10918.22,"end":10918.382},{"text":"around","start":10918.382,"end":10918.772},{"text":"30","start":10918.983,"end":10919.503},{"text":"young","start":10920.251,"end":10920.478},{"text":"scientists.","start":10920.592,"end":10921.08}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"Next slide.","start":10921.636,"end":10922.266,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next","start":10921.636,"end":10921.814},{"text":"slide.","start":10921.814,"end":10922.266}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"Together with this capacity building, the effort continued in 2024 in Trieste, training over 100 students from developing countries.","start":10924.06,"end":10936.374,"topics":[{"key":"space-weather","label":"Space Weather","description":"Multiple interventions addressed monitoring and forecasting of solar and ionospheric phenomena that can affect satellites, communications, navigation, aviation, and infrastructure on Earth. The discussion also covered scientific missions, operational warning systems, and international training and capacity-building."}],"words":[{"text":"Together","start":10924.06,"end":10924.447},{"text":"with","start":10924.48,"end":10924.771},{"text":"this","start":10924.787,"end":10924.932},{"text":"capacity","start":10925.11,"end":10925.594},{"text":"building,","start":10925.675,"end":10926.144},{"text":"the","start":10926.725,"end":10926.887},{"text":"effort","start":10926.968,"end":10927.711},{"text":"continued","start":10927.711,"end":10929.326},{"text":"in","start":10929.326,"end":10929.617},{"text":"2024","start":10929.892,"end":10931.042},{"text":"in","start":10931.269,"end":10931.399},{"text":"Trieste,","start":10931.415,"end":10932.015},{"text":"training","start":10932.873,"end":10933.181},{"text":"over","start":10933.441,"end":10933.748},{"text":"100","start":10933.846,"end":10934.478},{"text":"students","start":10934.494,"end":10935.093},{"text":"from","start":10935.142,"end":10935.369},{"text":"developing","start":10935.385,"end":10935.936},{"text":"countries.","start":10935.968,"end":10936.374}]},{"text":"The curriculum covered Sun-Earth coupling, GNSS fundamentals, ionospheric monitoring techniques, space weather impact forecasting.","start":10937.265,"end":10946.535,"topics":[{"key":"space-weather","label":"Space Weather","description":"Multiple interventions addressed monitoring and forecasting of solar and ionospheric phenomena that can affect satellites, communications, navigation, aviation, and infrastructure on Earth. The discussion also covered scientific missions, operational warning systems, and international training and capacity-building."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":10937.265,"end":10937.346},{"text":"curriculum","start":10937.346,"end":10937.848},{"text":"covered","start":10937.897,"end":10938.366},{"text":"Sun-Earth","start":10938.463,"end":10938.932},{"text":"coupling,","start":10938.964,"end":10939.579},{"text":"GNSS","start":10940.08,"end":10940.679},{"text":"fundamentals,","start":10940.728,"end":10941.52},{"text":"ionospheric","start":10942.103,"end":10942.782},{"text":"monitoring","start":10942.847,"end":10943.381},{"text":"techniques,","start":10943.478,"end":10944.092},{"text":"space","start":10944.529,"end":10944.885},{"text":"weather","start":10945.014,"end":10945.435},{"text":"impact","start":10945.5,"end":10945.985},{"text":"forecasting.","start":10945.985,"end":10946.535}]},{"text":"Also, several schools and workshops are planned for 2025 in Italy, welcoming students and young researchers from all around the world, with grant opportunities available.","start":10947.664,"end":10962.227,"topics":[{"key":"space-weather","label":"Space Weather","description":"Multiple interventions addressed monitoring and forecasting of solar and ionospheric phenomena that can affect satellites, communications, navigation, aviation, and infrastructure on Earth. The discussion also covered scientific missions, operational warning systems, and international training and capacity-building."}],"words":[{"text":"Also,","start":10947.664,"end":10948.145},{"text":"several","start":10948.531,"end":10948.964},{"text":"schools","start":10948.964,"end":10949.639},{"text":"and","start":10949.815,"end":10949.992},{"text":"workshops","start":10950.056,"end":10950.634},{"text":"are","start":10950.698,"end":10950.891},{"text":"planned","start":10950.939,"end":10951.308},{"text":"for","start":10952.063,"end":10952.272},{"text":"2025","start":10952.4,"end":10953.685},{"text":"in","start":10953.685,"end":10953.781},{"text":"Italy,","start":10953.829,"end":10954.215},{"text":"welcoming","start":10954.969,"end":10955.58},{"text":"students","start":10955.676,"end":10956.479},{"text":"and","start":10956.559,"end":10956.703},{"text":"young","start":10956.736,"end":10957.265},{"text":"researchers","start":10957.362,"end":10957.956},{"text":"from","start":10957.956,"end":10958.229},{"text":"all","start":10958.486,"end":10958.678},{"text":"around","start":10958.807,"end":10959.064},{"text":"the","start":10959.064,"end":10959.144},{"text":"world,","start":10959.289,"end":10959.594},{"text":"with","start":10959.851,"end":10959.963},{"text":"grant","start":10960.107,"end":10960.669},{"text":"opportunities","start":10960.669,"end":10961.44},{"text":"available.","start":10961.713,"end":10962.227}]},{"text":"Additionally to these planned activities, PhD programs in space weather remain open for international students.","start":10963.239,"end":10971.315,"topics":[{"key":"space-weather","label":"Space Weather","description":"Multiple interventions addressed monitoring and forecasting of solar and ionospheric phenomena that can affect satellites, communications, navigation, aviation, and infrastructure on Earth. The discussion also covered scientific missions, operational warning systems, and international training and capacity-building."}],"words":[{"text":"Additionally","start":10963.239,"end":10963.929},{"text":"to","start":10963.961,"end":10964.09},{"text":"these","start":10964.122,"end":10964.25},{"text":"planned","start":10964.989,"end":10965.246},{"text":"activities,","start":10965.406,"end":10966.016},{"text":"PhD","start":10966.193,"end":10966.691},{"text":"programs","start":10966.691,"end":10967.333},{"text":"in","start":10967.397,"end":10967.429},{"text":"space","start":10967.429,"end":10967.799},{"text":"weather","start":10967.959,"end":10968.216},{"text":"remain","start":10968.216,"end":10968.666},{"text":"open","start":10968.923,"end":10969.212},{"text":"for","start":10969.725,"end":10969.918},{"text":"international","start":10969.966,"end":10970.641},{"text":"students.","start":10970.721,"end":10971.315}]},{"text":"In conclusion, Italy continues to play a leading role— next slide, please— in space weather research, fostering scientific innovation, international collaboration, and education.","start":10972.808,"end":10985.579,"topics":[{"key":"space-weather","label":"Space Weather","description":"Multiple interventions addressed monitoring and forecasting of solar and ionospheric phenomena that can affect satellites, communications, navigation, aviation, and infrastructure on Earth. The discussion also covered scientific missions, operational warning systems, and international training and capacity-building."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":10972.808,"end":10972.92},{"text":"conclusion,","start":10972.936,"end":10973.626},{"text":"Italy","start":10974.621,"end":10975.006},{"text":"continues","start":10975.038,"end":10975.568},{"text":"to","start":10975.68,"end":10975.808},{"text":"play","start":10975.905,"end":10976.241},{"text":"a","start":10976.482,"end":10976.498},{"text":"leading","start":10976.627,"end":10976.931},{"text":"role—","start":10977.044,"end":10977.172},{"text":"next","start":10977.669,"end":10977.846},{"text":"slide,","start":10977.846,"end":10978.167},{"text":"please—","start":10978.247,"end":10978.375},{"text":"in","start":10979.049,"end":10979.129},{"text":"space","start":10979.129,"end":10979.611},{"text":"weather","start":10979.611,"end":10979.996},{"text":"research,","start":10979.996,"end":10980.654},{"text":"fostering","start":10981.215,"end":10981.728},{"text":"scientific","start":10981.793,"end":10982.483},{"text":"innovation,","start":10982.483,"end":10983.124},{"text":"international","start":10983.156,"end":10983.91},{"text":"collaboration,","start":10983.926,"end":10984.713},{"text":"and","start":10984.825,"end":10984.889},{"text":"education.","start":10984.985,"end":10985.579}]},{"text":"We welcome global participation in our programs to strengthen our collective knowledge and resilience against space weather phenomena.","start":10986.108,"end":10995.029,"topics":[{"key":"space-weather","label":"Space Weather","description":"Multiple interventions addressed monitoring and forecasting of solar and ionospheric phenomena that can affect satellites, communications, navigation, aviation, and infrastructure on Earth. The discussion also covered scientific missions, operational warning systems, and international training and capacity-building."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":10986.108,"end":10986.253},{"text":"welcome","start":10986.253,"end":10986.686},{"text":"global","start":10986.83,"end":10987.232},{"text":"participation","start":10987.232,"end":10988.114},{"text":"in","start":10988.114,"end":10988.21},{"text":"our","start":10988.258,"end":10988.435},{"text":"programs","start":10988.595,"end":10989.173},{"text":"to","start":10989.558,"end":10989.654},{"text":"strengthen","start":10989.654,"end":10990.248},{"text":"our","start":10990.504,"end":10990.922},{"text":"collective","start":10990.922,"end":10991.644},{"text":"knowledge","start":10991.644,"end":10992.093},{"text":"and","start":10992.285,"end":10992.446},{"text":"resilience","start":10992.462,"end":10993.2},{"text":"against","start":10993.473,"end":10993.826},{"text":"space","start":10993.826,"end":10994.211},{"text":"weather","start":10994.211,"end":10994.531},{"text":"phenomena.","start":10994.531,"end":10995.029}]},{"text":"Mr. Chair, distinguished delegates, I would like to thank all of you for your kind attention.","start":10995.959,"end":11001.285,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":10995.959,"end":10996.184},{"text":"Chair,","start":10996.232,"end":10996.794},{"text":"distinguished","start":10996.858,"end":10997.484},{"text":"delegates,","start":10997.484,"end":10998.093},{"text":"I","start":10998.222,"end":10998.238},{"text":"would","start":10998.287,"end":10998.532},{"text":"like","start":10998.532,"end":10998.727},{"text":"to","start":10998.727,"end":10998.841},{"text":"thank","start":10998.858,"end":10999.183},{"text":"all","start":10999.346,"end":10999.477},{"text":"of","start":10999.526,"end":10999.754},{"text":"you","start":10999.754,"end":10999.802},{"text":"for","start":11000.177,"end":11000.34},{"text":"your","start":11000.34,"end":11000.568},{"text":"kind","start":11000.568,"end":11000.829},{"text":"attention.","start":11000.829,"end":11001.285}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"ITA","affiliation_full":"Italy","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":57,"start":11003.262,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1a/k1ad4k1m9e?t=11004","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of Italy for the presentation.","start":11003.262,"end":11006.388,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":11003.262,"end":11003.345},{"text":"thank","start":11003.345,"end":11003.591},{"text":"the","start":11003.591,"end":11003.739},{"text":"distinguished","start":11003.756,"end":11004.266},{"text":"representative","start":11004.266,"end":11004.973},{"text":"of","start":11004.973,"end":11005.039},{"text":"Italy","start":11005.154,"end":11005.483},{"text":"for","start":11005.565,"end":11005.73},{"text":"the","start":11005.73,"end":11005.878},{"text":"presentation.","start":11005.878,"end":11006.388}]},{"text":"The 5th presentation on my list is an update on European Space Agency's space sustainability efforts by the Observer for the European Space Agency.","start":11007.69,"end":11016.207,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":11007.69,"end":11007.722},{"text":"5th","start":11007.722,"end":11007.931},{"text":"presentation","start":11008.043,"end":11008.67},{"text":"on","start":11008.67,"end":11008.734},{"text":"my","start":11008.766,"end":11008.991},{"text":"list","start":11008.991,"end":11009.329},{"text":"is","start":11009.329,"end":11009.377},{"text":"an","start":11009.473,"end":11009.522},{"text":"update","start":11009.714,"end":11010.196},{"text":"on","start":11010.196,"end":11010.261},{"text":"European","start":11010.277,"end":11010.711},{"text":"Space","start":11010.711,"end":11011.161},{"text":"Agency's","start":11011.161,"end":11011.691},{"text":"space","start":11011.739,"end":11012.141},{"text":"sustainability","start":11012.141,"end":11012.928},{"text":"efforts","start":11013.009,"end":11013.394},{"text":"by","start":11013.909,"end":11014.15},{"text":"the","start":11014.15,"end":11014.246},{"text":"Observer","start":11014.246,"end":11014.648},{"text":"for","start":11014.696,"end":11014.889},{"text":"the","start":11014.889,"end":11014.953},{"text":"European","start":11014.953,"end":11015.291},{"text":"Space","start":11015.291,"end":11015.676},{"text":"Agency.","start":11015.741,"end":11016.207}]},{"text":"You have the floor.","start":11016.625,"end":11017.259,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"You","start":11016.625,"end":11016.705},{"text":"have","start":11016.705,"end":11016.85},{"text":"the","start":11016.85,"end":11016.921},{"text":"floor.","start":11016.956,"end":11017.259}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"COPUOS","affiliation_full":"COPUOS","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":58,"start":11024.548,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1a/k1ad4k1m9e?t=11025","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Madam Chair, and thanks for the opportunity to present ESA sustainability activities.","start":11024.548,"end":11027.927,"topics":[{"key":"space-sustainability","label":"Long-Term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities","description":"Several delegations emphasized implementation of the COPUOS Long-Term Sustainability Guidelines and the need for continued work beyond the current mandate. The topic included national laws, reporting on implementation, information-sharing tools, and preserving space for future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":11024.548,"end":11024.742},{"text":"you,","start":11024.742,"end":11024.823},{"text":"Madam","start":11024.904,"end":11025.179},{"text":"Chair,","start":11025.292,"end":11025.486},{"text":"and","start":11025.599,"end":11025.696},{"text":"thanks","start":11025.696,"end":11025.939},{"text":"for","start":11025.939,"end":11026.1},{"text":"the","start":11026.1,"end":11026.23},{"text":"opportunity","start":11026.262,"end":11026.957},{"text":"to","start":11026.973,"end":11027.07},{"text":"present","start":11027.07,"end":11027.248},{"text":"ESA","start":11027.248,"end":11027.297},{"text":"sustainability","start":11027.297,"end":11027.604},{"text":"activities.","start":11027.604,"end":11027.927}]},{"text":"Next slide, please.","start":11030.53,"end":11031.24,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next","start":11030.53,"end":11030.708},{"text":"slide,","start":11030.708,"end":11030.998},{"text":"please.","start":11031.014,"end":11031.24}]},{"text":"So ESA has retired 3 spacecraft in the past year.","start":11034.109,"end":11038.156,"topics":[{"key":"space-sustainability","label":"Long-Term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities","description":"Several delegations emphasized implementation of the COPUOS Long-Term Sustainability Guidelines and the need for continued work beyond the current mandate. The topic included national laws, reporting on implementation, information-sharing tools, and preserving space for future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"So","start":11034.109,"end":11034.302},{"text":"ESA","start":11034.334,"end":11034.657},{"text":"has","start":11034.657,"end":11034.786},{"text":"retired","start":11034.899,"end":11035.479},{"text":"3","start":11035.479,"end":11035.866},{"text":"spacecraft","start":11035.866,"end":11036.994},{"text":"in","start":11037.316,"end":11037.365},{"text":"the","start":11037.478,"end":11037.558},{"text":"past","start":11037.639,"end":11038.01},{"text":"year.","start":11038.01,"end":11038.156}]},{"text":"Here is 2.","start":11039.083,"end":11039.717,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Here","start":11039.083,"end":11039.343},{"text":"is","start":11039.343,"end":11039.392},{"text":"2.","start":11039.587,"end":11039.717}]},{"text":"Actually, the retirement is already 13 years back in history, but the spacecraft reentered in the last year in a safe way.","start":11040.807,"end":11048.442,"topics":[{"key":"reentry-safety","label":"Reentry Safety","description":"Several statements focused on the risks posed by spacecraft and rocket bodies reentering the atmosphere, including fragmentation, ground safety, and effects on air and maritime traffic. Speakers described observation campaigns and modeling efforts to improve predictions and support safer spacecraft design and disposal."}],"words":[{"text":"Actually,","start":11040.807,"end":11041.1},{"text":"the","start":11041.116,"end":11041.214},{"text":"retirement","start":11041.214,"end":11041.881},{"text":"is","start":11041.881,"end":11041.995},{"text":"already","start":11042.027,"end":11042.32},{"text":"13","start":11042.353,"end":11042.776},{"text":"years","start":11042.824,"end":11042.971},{"text":"back","start":11043.085,"end":11043.264},{"text":"in","start":11043.329,"end":11043.459},{"text":"history,","start":11043.491,"end":11043.947},{"text":"but","start":11044.53,"end":11044.707},{"text":"the","start":11044.707,"end":11044.9},{"text":"spacecraft","start":11044.9,"end":11045.834},{"text":"reentered","start":11045.834,"end":11046.591},{"text":"in","start":11046.639,"end":11046.703},{"text":"the","start":11046.735,"end":11046.88},{"text":"last","start":11046.88,"end":11047.09},{"text":"year","start":11047.283,"end":11047.621},{"text":"in","start":11047.621,"end":11047.718},{"text":"a","start":11047.718,"end":11047.734},{"text":"safe","start":11047.782,"end":11048.185},{"text":"way.","start":11048.249,"end":11048.442}]},{"text":"It was properly deorbited to reenter within a very short time span.","start":11049.328,"end":11054.822,"topics":[{"key":"reentry-safety","label":"Reentry Safety","description":"Several statements focused on the risks posed by spacecraft and rocket bodies reentering the atmosphere, including fragmentation, ground safety, and effects on air and maritime traffic. Speakers described observation campaigns and modeling efforts to improve predictions and support safer spacecraft design and disposal."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":11049.328,"end":11049.457},{"text":"was","start":11049.457,"end":11049.602},{"text":"properly","start":11049.73,"end":11050.165},{"text":"deorbited","start":11050.278,"end":11051.002},{"text":"to","start":11051.807,"end":11052.017},{"text":"reenter","start":11052.226,"end":11052.693},{"text":"within","start":11052.774,"end":11053.128},{"text":"a","start":11053.74,"end":11053.756},{"text":"very","start":11053.756,"end":11054.03},{"text":"short","start":11054.03,"end":11054.311},{"text":"time","start":11054.311,"end":11054.575},{"text":"span.","start":11054.575,"end":11054.822}]},{"text":"And it has been passivated, and we confirm it has been reentering over ocean area without any damage to the ground.","start":11055.736,"end":11064.165,"topics":[{"key":"reentry-safety","label":"Reentry Safety","description":"Several statements focused on the risks posed by spacecraft and rocket bodies reentering the atmosphere, including fragmentation, ground safety, and effects on air and maritime traffic. Speakers described observation campaigns and modeling efforts to improve predictions and support safer spacecraft design and disposal."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":11055.736,"end":11055.896},{"text":"it","start":11055.896,"end":11055.976},{"text":"has","start":11055.976,"end":11056.121},{"text":"been","start":11056.233,"end":11056.361},{"text":"passivated,","start":11056.393,"end":11057.13},{"text":"and","start":11057.739,"end":11058.156},{"text":"we","start":11058.412,"end":11058.556},{"text":"confirm","start":11058.556,"end":11059.165},{"text":"it","start":11059.422,"end":11059.582},{"text":"has","start":11059.582,"end":11059.726},{"text":"been","start":11059.902,"end":11060.127},{"text":"reentering","start":11060.303,"end":11060.848},{"text":"over","start":11060.96,"end":11061.168},{"text":"ocean","start":11061.184,"end":11061.489},{"text":"area","start":11061.665,"end":11062.066},{"text":"without","start":11062.626,"end":11063.027},{"text":"any","start":11063.027,"end":11063.123},{"text":"damage","start":11063.123,"end":11063.46},{"text":"to","start":11063.508,"end":11063.604},{"text":"the","start":11063.604,"end":11063.7},{"text":"ground.","start":11063.764,"end":11064.165}]},{"text":"OPS-SAT is a CubeSat, 3-unit CubeSat that has been launched years ago, reentering itself in the past year in a semi-controlled way, meaning making use of drag augmentation or delta drag by changing the latitude.","start":11065.206,"end":11082.593,"topics":[{"key":"reentry-safety","label":"Reentry Safety","description":"Several statements focused on the risks posed by spacecraft and rocket bodies reentering the atmosphere, including fragmentation, ground safety, and effects on air and maritime traffic. Speakers described observation campaigns and modeling efforts to improve predictions and support safer spacecraft design and disposal."}],"words":[{"text":"OPS-SAT","start":11065.206,"end":11065.767},{"text":"is","start":11066.232,"end":11066.296},{"text":"a","start":11066.408,"end":11066.424},{"text":"CubeSat,","start":11066.552,"end":11067.033},{"text":"3-unit","start":11067.049,"end":11068.011},{"text":"CubeSat","start":11068.011,"end":11068.668},{"text":"that","start":11069.212,"end":11069.325},{"text":"has","start":11069.357,"end":11069.501},{"text":"been","start":11069.533,"end":11069.757},{"text":"launched","start":11069.757,"end":11070.158},{"text":"years","start":11070.158,"end":11070.302},{"text":"ago,","start":11070.414,"end":11070.638},{"text":"reentering","start":11071.279,"end":11071.808},{"text":"itself","start":11072.177,"end":11072.786},{"text":"in","start":11073.443,"end":11073.491},{"text":"the","start":11073.539,"end":11073.619},{"text":"past","start":11073.619,"end":11074.052},{"text":"year","start":11074.084,"end":11074.276},{"text":"in","start":11074.42,"end":11074.516},{"text":"a","start":11074.516,"end":11074.532},{"text":"semi-controlled","start":11074.564,"end":11075.35},{"text":"way,","start":11075.446,"end":11075.542},{"text":"meaning","start":11075.862,"end":11076.231},{"text":"making","start":11076.487,"end":11076.824},{"text":"use","start":11076.824,"end":11077.128},{"text":"of","start":11077.128,"end":11077.272},{"text":"drag","start":11077.289,"end":11077.481},{"text":"augmentation","start":11077.769,"end":11078.442},{"text":"or","start":11079.051,"end":11079.243},{"text":"delta","start":11079.804,"end":11080.109},{"text":"drag","start":11080.205,"end":11080.606},{"text":"by","start":11080.75,"end":11080.942},{"text":"changing","start":11081.07,"end":11081.487},{"text":"the","start":11081.551,"end":11081.679},{"text":"latitude.","start":11081.92,"end":11082.593}]},{"text":"And also here, safe spaces in ocean area have been found within a lifespan on orbit of less than 25 years.","start":11082.689,"end":11091.779,"topics":[{"key":"reentry-safety","label":"Reentry Safety","description":"Several statements focused on the risks posed by spacecraft and rocket bodies reentering the atmosphere, including fragmentation, ground safety, and effects on air and maritime traffic. Speakers described observation campaigns and modeling efforts to improve predictions and support safer spacecraft design and disposal."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":11082.689,"end":11082.817},{"text":"also","start":11082.817,"end":11083.074},{"text":"here,","start":11083.138,"end":11083.459},{"text":"safe","start":11083.491,"end":11083.891},{"text":"spaces","start":11083.891,"end":11084.324},{"text":"in","start":11084.501,"end":11084.613},{"text":"ocean","start":11084.821,"end":11085.687},{"text":"area","start":11085.783,"end":11086.2},{"text":"have","start":11086.264,"end":11086.488},{"text":"been","start":11086.52,"end":11086.649},{"text":"found","start":11086.681,"end":11087.162},{"text":"within","start":11087.627,"end":11088.637},{"text":"a","start":11089.47,"end":11089.486},{"text":"lifespan","start":11089.55,"end":11090.031},{"text":"on","start":11090.031,"end":11090.176},{"text":"orbit","start":11090.192,"end":11090.512},{"text":"of","start":11090.512,"end":11090.673},{"text":"less","start":11090.673,"end":11090.833},{"text":"than","start":11090.833,"end":11090.993},{"text":"25","start":11090.993,"end":11091.506},{"text":"years.","start":11091.586,"end":11091.779}]},{"text":"Also, the first of the 4 cluster satellites, we heard it in the presentation before, has reentered in a semi-controlled reentry, meaning that we were able to influence the latitude of the reentry.","start":11092.997,"end":11105.918,"topics":[{"key":"reentry-safety","label":"Reentry Safety","description":"Several statements focused on the risks posed by spacecraft and rocket bodies reentering the atmosphere, including fragmentation, ground safety, and effects on air and maritime traffic. Speakers described observation campaigns and modeling efforts to improve predictions and support safer spacecraft design and disposal."}],"words":[{"text":"Also,","start":11092.997,"end":11093.398},{"text":"the","start":11093.414,"end":11093.494},{"text":"first","start":11093.574,"end":11094.007},{"text":"of","start":11094.119,"end":11094.232},{"text":"the","start":11094.232,"end":11094.328},{"text":"4","start":11094.36,"end":11094.648},{"text":"cluster","start":11095.177,"end":11095.514},{"text":"satellites,","start":11095.514,"end":11096.107},{"text":"we","start":11096.123,"end":11096.203},{"text":"heard","start":11096.219,"end":11096.396},{"text":"it","start":11096.396,"end":11096.524},{"text":"in","start":11096.524,"end":11096.588},{"text":"the","start":11096.604,"end":11096.7},{"text":"presentation","start":11096.7,"end":11097.342},{"text":"before,","start":11097.342,"end":11097.694},{"text":"has","start":11097.983,"end":11098.271},{"text":"reentered","start":11098.368,"end":11098.945},{"text":"in","start":11099.73,"end":11099.826},{"text":"a","start":11099.826,"end":11099.842},{"text":"semi-controlled","start":11099.842,"end":11100.836},{"text":"reentry,","start":11100.868,"end":11101.397},{"text":"meaning","start":11101.43,"end":11101.798},{"text":"that","start":11101.894,"end":11102.055},{"text":"we","start":11102.055,"end":11102.151},{"text":"were","start":11102.151,"end":11102.199},{"text":"able","start":11102.215,"end":11102.616},{"text":"to","start":11102.616,"end":11102.792},{"text":"influence","start":11102.792,"end":11103.417},{"text":"the","start":11103.417,"end":11103.514},{"text":"latitude","start":11103.514,"end":11104.235},{"text":"of","start":11104.94,"end":11105.325},{"text":"the","start":11105.341,"end":11105.437},{"text":"reentry.","start":11105.437,"end":11105.918}]},{"text":"And this was ocean area within a little more than a week after the last contact we had with the spacecraft.","start":11106.463,"end":11115.402,"topics":[{"key":"reentry-safety","label":"Reentry Safety","description":"Several statements focused on the risks posed by spacecraft and rocket bodies reentering the atmosphere, including fragmentation, ground safety, and effects on air and maritime traffic. Speakers described observation campaigns and modeling efforts to improve predictions and support safer spacecraft design and disposal."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":11106.463,"end":11106.896},{"text":"this","start":11107.04,"end":11107.265},{"text":"was","start":11107.265,"end":11107.489},{"text":"ocean","start":11107.666,"end":11107.972},{"text":"area","start":11108.069,"end":11108.327},{"text":"within","start":11108.955,"end":11109.262},{"text":"a","start":11109.761,"end":11109.777},{"text":"little","start":11110.019,"end":11111.324},{"text":"more","start":11111.324,"end":11111.502},{"text":"than","start":11111.566,"end":11111.727},{"text":"a","start":11111.727,"end":11111.856},{"text":"week","start":11111.856,"end":11112.179},{"text":"after","start":11112.34,"end":11112.598},{"text":"the","start":11112.598,"end":11112.823},{"text":"last","start":11112.823,"end":11113.178},{"text":"contact","start":11113.645,"end":11114.209},{"text":"we","start":11114.209,"end":11114.29},{"text":"had","start":11114.29,"end":11114.499},{"text":"with","start":11114.531,"end":11114.628},{"text":"the","start":11114.677,"end":11114.725},{"text":"spacecraft.","start":11114.757,"end":11115.402}]},{"text":"Next slide, please.","start":11116.046,"end":11116.594,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next","start":11116.046,"end":11116.175},{"text":"slide,","start":11116.175,"end":11116.433},{"text":"please.","start":11116.449,"end":11116.594}]},{"text":"Looking at the overall use of the environment, we are keeping on providing statistics to the community.","start":11119.81,"end":11126.575,"topics":[{"key":"space-sustainability","label":"Long-Term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities","description":"Several delegations emphasized implementation of the COPUOS Long-Term Sustainability Guidelines and the need for continued work beyond the current mandate. The topic included national laws, reporting on implementation, information-sharing tools, and preserving space for future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"Looking","start":11119.81,"end":11119.922},{"text":"at","start":11119.922,"end":11120.067},{"text":"the","start":11120.067,"end":11120.228},{"text":"overall","start":11120.228,"end":11120.518},{"text":"use","start":11120.873,"end":11121.13},{"text":"of","start":11121.13,"end":11121.227},{"text":"the","start":11121.292,"end":11121.372},{"text":"environment,","start":11121.372,"end":11122.113},{"text":"we","start":11122.484,"end":11122.645},{"text":"are","start":11122.661,"end":11122.822},{"text":"keeping","start":11122.822,"end":11123.176},{"text":"on","start":11123.289,"end":11123.434},{"text":"providing","start":11123.692,"end":11124.111},{"text":"statistics","start":11124.127,"end":11124.884},{"text":"to","start":11125.142,"end":11125.367},{"text":"the","start":11125.383,"end":11125.577},{"text":"community.","start":11125.963,"end":11126.575}]},{"text":"They can be obtained under the QR code up there.","start":11127.091,"end":11129.612,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"They","start":11127.091,"end":11127.236},{"text":"can","start":11127.236,"end":11127.413},{"text":"be","start":11127.413,"end":11127.558},{"text":"obtained","start":11127.558,"end":11128.041},{"text":"under","start":11128.041,"end":11128.218},{"text":"the","start":11128.218,"end":11128.38},{"text":"QR","start":11128.38,"end":11128.702},{"text":"code","start":11128.702,"end":11128.995},{"text":"up","start":11129.092,"end":11129.206},{"text":"there.","start":11129.255,"end":11129.612}]},{"text":"You can see that one of the outputs This is a graphic on the use of the LEO environment with the well-known drastic increase of use of more than 2,500 launches in a year.","start":11130.962,"end":11142.47,"topics":[{"key":"space-debris","label":"Space Debris Mitigation and Removal","description":"A recurring concern was the growing debris environment and the need to prevent new debris, improve post-mission disposal, and develop active debris removal. Speakers also referred to design-for-demise, passivation, and ambitious initiatives such as zero-debris approaches."},{"key":"space-traffic-management","label":"Space Traffic Management and Space Situational Awareness","description":"Delegations highlighted the importance of tracking objects in orbit, issuing conjunction warnings, and coordinating maneuvers in an increasingly crowded space environment. The discussion covered national and regional surveillance systems, data sharing, and governance frameworks for safer operations."}],"words":[{"text":"You","start":11130.962,"end":11131.059},{"text":"can","start":11131.059,"end":11131.19},{"text":"see","start":11131.287,"end":11131.628},{"text":"that","start":11131.71,"end":11132.035},{"text":"one","start":11132.913,"end":11133.043},{"text":"of","start":11133.092,"end":11133.222},{"text":"the","start":11133.254,"end":11133.401},{"text":"outputs","start":11133.401,"end":11135.579},{"text":"This","start":11133.85,"end":11133.946},{"text":"is","start":11133.946,"end":11134.011},{"text":"a","start":11134.189,"end":11134.269},{"text":"graphic","start":11134.269,"end":11134.673},{"text":"on","start":11134.673,"end":11134.737},{"text":"the","start":11134.77,"end":11134.85},{"text":"use","start":11134.915,"end":11135.157},{"text":"of","start":11135.157,"end":11135.254},{"text":"the","start":11135.254,"end":11135.399},{"text":"LEO","start":11135.399,"end":11135.545},{"text":"environment","start":11135.577,"end":11136.384},{"text":"with","start":11136.449,"end":11136.61},{"text":"the","start":11136.61,"end":11136.707},{"text":"well-known","start":11136.707,"end":11137.159},{"text":"drastic","start":11137.272,"end":11137.772},{"text":"increase","start":11137.837,"end":11138.305},{"text":"of","start":11138.305,"end":11138.45},{"text":"use","start":11138.466,"end":11138.741},{"text":"of","start":11138.87,"end":11138.983},{"text":"more","start":11139.048,"end":11139.209},{"text":"than","start":11139.209,"end":11139.322},{"text":"2,500","start":11139.37,"end":11140.662},{"text":"launches","start":11140.662,"end":11141.114},{"text":"in","start":11141.969,"end":11142.05},{"text":"a","start":11142.099,"end":11142.179},{"text":"year.","start":11142.26,"end":11142.47}]},{"text":"Next slide, please.","start":11142.993,"end":11143.32,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next","start":11142.993,"end":11143.131},{"text":"slide,","start":11143.131,"end":11143.217},{"text":"please.","start":11143.234,"end":11143.32}]},{"text":"We also continue to monitor the compliance globally through disposal and passivation and relocation requirements.","start":11145.61,"end":11155.764,"topics":[{"key":"space-sustainability","label":"Long-Term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities","description":"Several delegations emphasized implementation of the COPUOS Long-Term Sustainability Guidelines and the need for continued work beyond the current mandate. The topic included national laws, reporting on implementation, information-sharing tools, and preserving space for future generations."},{"key":"space-debris","label":"Space Debris Mitigation and Removal","description":"A recurring concern was the growing debris environment and the need to prevent new debris, improve post-mission disposal, and develop active debris removal. Speakers also referred to design-for-demise, passivation, and ambitious initiatives such as zero-debris approaches."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":11145.61,"end":11145.707},{"text":"also","start":11145.723,"end":11146.111},{"text":"continue","start":11146.111,"end":11146.515},{"text":"to","start":11146.515,"end":11146.596},{"text":"monitor","start":11146.596,"end":11147.13},{"text":"the","start":11147.486,"end":11147.583},{"text":"compliance","start":11147.583,"end":11148.262},{"text":"globally","start":11148.537,"end":11148.974},{"text":"through","start":11149.265,"end":11149.718},{"text":"disposal","start":11151.141,"end":11151.901},{"text":"and","start":11151.934,"end":11152.014},{"text":"passivation","start":11152.111,"end":11152.758},{"text":"and","start":11153.163,"end":11153.228},{"text":"relocation","start":11153.748,"end":11155.097},{"text":"requirements.","start":11155.097,"end":11155.764}]},{"text":"And you can see here that we do have positive trends.","start":11156.235,"end":11159.307,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":11156.235,"end":11156.333},{"text":"you","start":11156.333,"end":11156.414},{"text":"can","start":11156.414,"end":11156.544},{"text":"see","start":11156.641,"end":11156.836},{"text":"here","start":11156.966,"end":11157.405},{"text":"that","start":11157.454,"end":11157.86},{"text":"we","start":11158.039,"end":11158.202},{"text":"do","start":11158.202,"end":11158.283},{"text":"have","start":11158.283,"end":11158.494},{"text":"positive","start":11158.527,"end":11159.063},{"text":"trends.","start":11159.096,"end":11159.307}]},{"text":"towards achieving better compliance rates when it comes to deorbiting spacecraft on the left side, and even more for rocket bodies, launchers, elements on the right side.","start":11159.516,"end":11169.883,"topics":[{"key":"space-debris","label":"Space Debris Mitigation and Removal","description":"A recurring concern was the growing debris environment and the need to prevent new debris, improve post-mission disposal, and develop active debris removal. Speakers also referred to design-for-demise, passivation, and ambitious initiatives such as zero-debris approaches."}],"words":[{"text":"towards","start":11159.516,"end":11159.983},{"text":"achieving","start":11160.016,"end":11160.467},{"text":"better","start":11160.661,"end":11160.968},{"text":"compliance","start":11160.968,"end":11161.613},{"text":"rates","start":11161.629,"end":11161.935},{"text":"when","start":11161.952,"end":11162.065},{"text":"it","start":11162.113,"end":11162.194},{"text":"comes","start":11162.194,"end":11162.484},{"text":"to","start":11162.516,"end":11162.726},{"text":"deorbiting","start":11162.742,"end":11163.355},{"text":"spacecraft","start":11163.871,"end":11164.694},{"text":"on","start":11164.759,"end":11164.791},{"text":"the","start":11164.791,"end":11164.872},{"text":"left","start":11164.872,"end":11165.114},{"text":"side,","start":11165.114,"end":11165.468},{"text":"and","start":11166.211,"end":11166.323},{"text":"even","start":11166.323,"end":11166.63},{"text":"more","start":11166.63,"end":11166.824},{"text":"for","start":11166.936,"end":11167.114},{"text":"rocket","start":11167.114,"end":11167.437},{"text":"bodies,","start":11167.437,"end":11167.727},{"text":"launchers,","start":11168.227,"end":11168.695},{"text":"elements","start":11168.792,"end":11169.211},{"text":"on","start":11169.211,"end":11169.26},{"text":"the","start":11169.26,"end":11169.313},{"text":"right","start":11169.313,"end":11169.58},{"text":"side.","start":11169.58,"end":11169.883}]},{"text":"But still, when you combine these 2, not yet to the requirement level of 90%, which is asked for by most of standards.","start":11171.18,"end":11178.573,"topics":[{"key":"space-debris","label":"Space Debris Mitigation and Removal","description":"A recurring concern was the growing debris environment and the need to prevent new debris, improve post-mission disposal, and develop active debris removal. Speakers also referred to design-for-demise, passivation, and ambitious initiatives such as zero-debris approaches."}],"words":[{"text":"But","start":11171.18,"end":11171.293},{"text":"still,","start":11171.293,"end":11171.713},{"text":"when","start":11171.924,"end":11171.988},{"text":"you","start":11172.021,"end":11172.102},{"text":"combine","start":11172.102,"end":11172.474},{"text":"these","start":11172.506,"end":11172.636},{"text":"2,","start":11172.814,"end":11172.878},{"text":"not","start":11173.623,"end":11173.865},{"text":"yet","start":11173.865,"end":11174.108},{"text":"to","start":11174.108,"end":11174.173},{"text":"the","start":11174.205,"end":11174.351},{"text":"requirement","start":11174.351,"end":11175.176},{"text":"level","start":11175.321,"end":11175.596},{"text":"of","start":11175.661,"end":11175.823},{"text":"90%,","start":11175.839,"end":11176.146},{"text":"which","start":11176.211,"end":11176.81},{"text":"is","start":11176.81,"end":11176.923},{"text":"asked","start":11177.182,"end":11177.36},{"text":"for","start":11177.36,"end":11177.538},{"text":"by","start":11177.603,"end":11177.7},{"text":"most","start":11177.7,"end":11177.991},{"text":"of","start":11177.991,"end":11178.072},{"text":"standards.","start":11178.072,"end":11178.573}]},{"text":"Thank you.","start":11179.317,"end":11179.69,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":11179.317,"end":11179.544},{"text":"you.","start":11179.544,"end":11179.69}]},{"text":"Next slide, please.","start":11180.013,"end":11180.579,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next","start":11180.013,"end":11180.223},{"text":"slide,","start":11180.223,"end":11180.401},{"text":"please.","start":11180.434,"end":11180.579}]},{"text":"What does it mean for the future?","start":11182.52,"end":11183.887,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"What","start":11182.52,"end":11182.602},{"text":"does","start":11182.602,"end":11182.684},{"text":"it","start":11182.717,"end":11182.816},{"text":"mean","start":11182.898,"end":11183.096},{"text":"for","start":11183.113,"end":11183.212},{"text":"the","start":11183.212,"end":11183.36},{"text":"future?","start":11183.36,"end":11183.887}]},{"text":"Extrapolating the current The current behavior, the current trend in implementing mitigation would be meaning following the red trend in terms of object numbers in space that you see there.","start":11184.596,"end":11196.37,"topics":[{"key":"space-traffic-management","label":"Space Traffic Management and Space Situational Awareness","description":"Delegations highlighted the importance of tracking objects in orbit, issuing conjunction warnings, and coordinating maneuvers in an increasingly crowded space environment. The discussion covered national and regional surveillance systems, data sharing, and governance frameworks for safer operations."}],"words":[{"text":"Extrapolating","start":11184.596,"end":11185.403},{"text":"the","start":11185.436,"end":11185.601},{"text":"current","start":11185.601,"end":11186.177},{"text":"The","start":11186.303,"end":11186.416},{"text":"current","start":11186.626,"end":11186.932},{"text":"behavior,","start":11186.932,"end":11187.336},{"text":"the","start":11187.352,"end":11187.497},{"text":"current","start":11187.497,"end":11187.82},{"text":"trend","start":11187.82,"end":11188.239},{"text":"in","start":11188.239,"end":11188.352},{"text":"implementing","start":11188.465,"end":11188.933},{"text":"mitigation","start":11188.965,"end":11189.578},{"text":"would","start":11191.127,"end":11191.32},{"text":"be","start":11191.546,"end":11191.788},{"text":"meaning","start":11191.949,"end":11192.304},{"text":"following","start":11192.417,"end":11192.724},{"text":"the","start":11192.837,"end":11192.982},{"text":"red","start":11192.982,"end":11193.111},{"text":"trend","start":11193.224,"end":11193.659},{"text":"in","start":11193.659,"end":11193.788},{"text":"terms","start":11193.788,"end":11194.047},{"text":"of","start":11194.047,"end":11194.176},{"text":"object","start":11194.369,"end":11194.756},{"text":"numbers","start":11194.756,"end":11194.982},{"text":"in","start":11195.095,"end":11195.24},{"text":"space","start":11195.24,"end":11195.547},{"text":"that","start":11195.644,"end":11195.821},{"text":"you","start":11195.821,"end":11195.87},{"text":"see","start":11195.87,"end":11196.063},{"text":"there.","start":11196.063,"end":11196.37}]},{"text":"Translating this to a spacecraft and the number of avoidance maneuvers and alerts it would get, then you can look at the box on the left, which is representing a calendar with 365 days in a year, where each white dot is a day where a warning for collision would be received.","start":11197.499,"end":11217.253,"topics":[{"key":"space-traffic-management","label":"Space Traffic Management and Space Situational Awareness","description":"Delegations highlighted the importance of tracking objects in orbit, issuing conjunction warnings, and coordinating maneuvers in an increasingly crowded space environment. The discussion covered national and regional surveillance systems, data sharing, and governance frameworks for safer operations."}],"words":[{"text":"Translating","start":11197.499,"end":11198.128},{"text":"this","start":11198.225,"end":11198.354},{"text":"to","start":11198.548,"end":11198.693},{"text":"a","start":11198.709,"end":11198.725},{"text":"spacecraft","start":11198.741,"end":11199.677},{"text":"and","start":11199.693,"end":11199.758},{"text":"the","start":11199.774,"end":11199.871},{"text":"number","start":11199.871,"end":11200.242},{"text":"of","start":11200.258,"end":11200.403},{"text":"avoidance","start":11200.661,"end":11201.194},{"text":"maneuvers","start":11201.323,"end":11201.839},{"text":"and","start":11202.274,"end":11202.339},{"text":"alerts","start":11202.42,"end":11202.855},{"text":"it","start":11202.855,"end":11202.984},{"text":"would","start":11202.984,"end":11203.13},{"text":"get,","start":11203.162,"end":11203.501},{"text":"then","start":11204.81,"end":11204.922},{"text":"you","start":11204.922,"end":11205.084},{"text":"can","start":11205.084,"end":11205.229},{"text":"look","start":11205.245,"end":11205.423},{"text":"at","start":11205.423,"end":11205.568},{"text":"the","start":11205.568,"end":11205.81},{"text":"box","start":11205.89,"end":11206.149},{"text":"on","start":11206.294,"end":11206.342},{"text":"the","start":11206.374,"end":11206.52},{"text":"left,","start":11206.52,"end":11206.794},{"text":"which","start":11206.858,"end":11206.988},{"text":"is","start":11207.02,"end":11207.068},{"text":"representing","start":11207.504,"end":11208.101},{"text":"a","start":11208.214,"end":11208.23},{"text":"calendar","start":11208.31,"end":11208.778},{"text":"with","start":11209.278,"end":11209.472},{"text":"365","start":11209.94,"end":11211.102},{"text":"days","start":11211.134,"end":11211.344},{"text":"in","start":11211.456,"end":11211.505},{"text":"a","start":11211.553,"end":11211.569},{"text":"year,","start":11211.682,"end":11211.876},{"text":"where","start":11212.09,"end":11212.283},{"text":"each","start":11212.283,"end":11212.493},{"text":"white","start":11212.929,"end":11213.187},{"text":"dot","start":11213.187,"end":11213.59},{"text":"is","start":11213.655,"end":11213.703},{"text":"a","start":11213.897,"end":11213.929},{"text":"day","start":11214.365,"end":11214.494},{"text":"where","start":11214.704,"end":11214.946},{"text":"a","start":11214.946,"end":11215.091},{"text":"warning","start":11215.091,"end":11215.397},{"text":"for","start":11215.51,"end":11215.995},{"text":"collision","start":11215.995,"end":11216.382},{"text":"would","start":11216.382,"end":11216.543},{"text":"be","start":11216.543,"end":11216.64},{"text":"received.","start":11216.64,"end":11217.253}]},{"text":"And if you move to the next, you would see here the situation in the year 2200 continuing the way we do now, where each— almost each calendar week would be impacted with a collision warning.","start":11217.77,"end":11231.262,"topics":[{"key":"space-traffic-management","label":"Space Traffic Management and Space Situational Awareness","description":"Delegations highlighted the importance of tracking objects in orbit, issuing conjunction warnings, and coordinating maneuvers in an increasingly crowded space environment. The discussion covered national and regional surveillance systems, data sharing, and governance frameworks for safer operations."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":11217.77,"end":11217.834},{"text":"if","start":11217.85,"end":11217.995},{"text":"you","start":11217.995,"end":11218.125},{"text":"move","start":11218.48,"end":11218.641},{"text":"to","start":11218.641,"end":11218.722},{"text":"the","start":11218.722,"end":11218.754},{"text":"next,","start":11218.754,"end":11219.141},{"text":"you","start":11220.887,"end":11220.936},{"text":"would","start":11221.05,"end":11221.164},{"text":"see","start":11221.212,"end":11221.391},{"text":"here","start":11221.457,"end":11221.619},{"text":"the","start":11221.619,"end":11221.717},{"text":"situation","start":11221.717,"end":11222.416},{"text":"in","start":11222.937,"end":11222.986},{"text":"the","start":11223.1,"end":11223.327},{"text":"year","start":11223.327,"end":11223.653},{"text":"2200","start":11223.653,"end":11224.71},{"text":"continuing","start":11224.71,"end":11225.101},{"text":"the","start":11225.198,"end":11225.263},{"text":"way","start":11225.28,"end":11225.377},{"text":"we","start":11225.459,"end":11225.605},{"text":"do","start":11225.605,"end":11225.719},{"text":"now,","start":11225.719,"end":11225.898},{"text":"where","start":11227.05,"end":11227.325},{"text":"each—","start":11227.325,"end":11227.503},{"text":"almost","start":11227.973,"end":11228.297},{"text":"each","start":11228.297,"end":11228.524},{"text":"calendar","start":11228.54,"end":11228.945},{"text":"week","start":11228.945,"end":11229.188},{"text":"would","start":11229.188,"end":11229.334},{"text":"be","start":11229.334,"end":11229.431},{"text":"impacted","start":11229.431,"end":11229.966},{"text":"with","start":11230.403,"end":11230.582},{"text":"a","start":11230.582,"end":11230.598},{"text":"collision","start":11230.647,"end":11231.035},{"text":"warning.","start":11231.035,"end":11231.262}]},{"text":"Next slide, please.","start":11231.619,"end":11232.153,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next","start":11231.619,"end":11231.781},{"text":"slide,","start":11231.781,"end":11232.008},{"text":"please.","start":11232.024,"end":11232.153}]},{"text":"Looking at the situation, Many players in the world, and I mean member states, I mean industry and academia and international organizations, have come together to sign a Zero Debit Charter, which you can find under the QR code here, which is a very short and simple document consisting of just 2 pages highlighting a vision and highlighting 5 very concrete and very technical requirements that we would like to achieve in the more long-term future by 2030.","start":11235.711,"end":11265.404,"topics":[{"key":"space-debris","label":"Space Debris Mitigation and Removal","description":"A recurring concern was the growing debris environment and the need to prevent new debris, improve post-mission disposal, and develop active debris removal. Speakers also referred to design-for-demise, passivation, and ambitious initiatives such as zero-debris approaches."},{"key":"space-space sustainability","label":"space-space sustainability","description":""}],"words":[{"text":"Looking","start":11235.711,"end":11235.988},{"text":"at","start":11236.04,"end":11236.161},{"text":"the","start":11236.161,"end":11236.248},{"text":"situation,","start":11236.248,"end":11236.803},{"text":"Many","start":11237.796,"end":11238.021},{"text":"players","start":11238.053,"end":11238.503},{"text":"in","start":11238.872,"end":11238.984},{"text":"the","start":11239,"end":11239.081},{"text":"world,","start":11239.081,"end":11239.659},{"text":"and","start":11240.044,"end":11240.14},{"text":"I","start":11240.14,"end":11240.156},{"text":"mean","start":11240.462,"end":11240.59},{"text":"member","start":11240.686,"end":11240.879},{"text":"states,","start":11240.879,"end":11241.457},{"text":"I","start":11241.65,"end":11241.698},{"text":"mean","start":11241.746,"end":11242.035},{"text":"industry","start":11242.228,"end":11242.645},{"text":"and","start":11242.87,"end":11242.934},{"text":"academia","start":11243.031,"end":11243.769},{"text":"and","start":11244.299,"end":11244.411},{"text":"international","start":11244.411,"end":11245.038},{"text":"organizations,","start":11245.038,"end":11245.648},{"text":"have","start":11245.76,"end":11245.873},{"text":"come","start":11245.985,"end":11246.113},{"text":"together","start":11246.226,"end":11246.74},{"text":"to","start":11247.205,"end":11247.318},{"text":"sign","start":11247.35,"end":11247.703},{"text":"a","start":11247.703,"end":11247.719},{"text":"Zero","start":11247.767,"end":11248.04},{"text":"Debit","start":11248.104,"end":11248.41},{"text":"Charter,","start":11248.41,"end":11248.923},{"text":"which","start":11249.036,"end":11249.196},{"text":"you","start":11249.196,"end":11249.277},{"text":"can","start":11249.277,"end":11249.405},{"text":"find","start":11249.453,"end":11249.839},{"text":"under","start":11249.839,"end":11249.951},{"text":"the","start":11249.951,"end":11250.16},{"text":"QR","start":11250.16,"end":11250.497},{"text":"code","start":11250.497,"end":11250.802},{"text":"here,","start":11250.802,"end":11251.171},{"text":"which","start":11251.605,"end":11251.669},{"text":"is","start":11251.765,"end":11251.83},{"text":"a","start":11251.878,"end":11251.894},{"text":"very","start":11251.942,"end":11252.183},{"text":"short","start":11252.183,"end":11252.584},{"text":"and","start":11252.584,"end":11252.665},{"text":"simple","start":11252.665,"end":11252.954},{"text":"document","start":11252.986,"end":11253.772},{"text":"consisting","start":11253.772,"end":11254.238},{"text":"of","start":11254.286,"end":11254.399},{"text":"just","start":11254.431,"end":11254.623},{"text":"2","start":11254.656,"end":11254.752},{"text":"pages","start":11254.816,"end":11255.201},{"text":"highlighting","start":11255.956,"end":11256.486},{"text":"a","start":11256.582,"end":11256.598},{"text":"vision","start":11256.598,"end":11256.968},{"text":"and","start":11257.706,"end":11257.771},{"text":"highlighting","start":11257.803,"end":11258.333},{"text":"5","start":11258.349,"end":11258.814},{"text":"very","start":11259.007,"end":11259.216},{"text":"concrete","start":11259.312,"end":11259.794},{"text":"and","start":11259.794,"end":11259.954},{"text":"very","start":11259.954,"end":11260.099},{"text":"technical","start":11260.211,"end":11260.709},{"text":"requirements","start":11261.239,"end":11261.977},{"text":"that","start":11261.977,"end":11262.122},{"text":"we","start":11262.122,"end":11262.202},{"text":"would","start":11262.218,"end":11262.379},{"text":"like","start":11262.379,"end":11262.604},{"text":"to","start":11262.604,"end":11262.636},{"text":"achieve","start":11262.636,"end":11263.069},{"text":"in","start":11263.182,"end":11263.262},{"text":"the","start":11263.262,"end":11263.327},{"text":"more","start":11263.327,"end":11263.504},{"text":"long-term","start":11263.504,"end":11263.874},{"text":"future","start":11263.906,"end":11264.389},{"text":"by","start":11264.389,"end":11264.631},{"text":"2030.","start":11264.631,"end":11265.404}]},{"text":"So this is a forward-looking, driving, inspirational document for more stringent requirements beyond those that we have today.","start":11265.452,"end":11273.183,"topics":[{"key":"space-debris","label":"Space Debris Mitigation and Removal","description":"A recurring concern was the growing debris environment and the need to prevent new debris, improve post-mission disposal, and develop active debris removal. Speakers also referred to design-for-demise, passivation, and ambitious initiatives such as zero-debris approaches."}],"words":[{"text":"So","start":11265.452,"end":11265.629},{"text":"this","start":11265.678,"end":11265.919},{"text":"is","start":11265.919,"end":11265.967},{"text":"a","start":11266.064,"end":11266.145},{"text":"forward-looking,","start":11266.145,"end":11266.853},{"text":"driving,","start":11267.449,"end":11267.9},{"text":"inspirational","start":11268.174,"end":11268.898},{"text":"document","start":11268.898,"end":11269.446},{"text":"for","start":11269.446,"end":11269.623},{"text":"more","start":11269.623,"end":11269.8},{"text":"stringent","start":11269.8,"end":11270.492},{"text":"requirements","start":11270.83,"end":11271.636},{"text":"beyond","start":11271.636,"end":11272.038},{"text":"those","start":11272.038,"end":11272.247},{"text":"that","start":11272.28,"end":11272.441},{"text":"we","start":11272.441,"end":11272.57},{"text":"have","start":11272.57,"end":11272.652},{"text":"today.","start":11272.768,"end":11273.183}]},{"text":"Next slide, please.","start":11274.77,"end":11275.277,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next","start":11274.77,"end":11274.922},{"text":"slide,","start":11274.922,"end":11275.108},{"text":"please.","start":11275.125,"end":11275.277}]},{"text":"Today, there are 160 parties that have signed it from 33 countries, and that includes international organizations, large constellation operators, academia, um, international organizations, but also system integrators.","start":11277.859,"end":11292.905,"topics":[{"key":"space-debris","label":"Space Debris Mitigation and Removal","description":"A recurring concern was the growing debris environment and the need to prevent new debris, improve post-mission disposal, and develop active debris removal. Speakers also referred to design-for-demise, passivation, and ambitious initiatives such as zero-debris approaches."}],"words":[{"text":"Today,","start":11277.859,"end":11278.117},{"text":"there","start":11278.31,"end":11278.407},{"text":"are","start":11278.407,"end":11278.552},{"text":"160","start":11278.552,"end":11279.503},{"text":"parties","start":11279.777,"end":11280.18},{"text":"that","start":11280.18,"end":11280.325},{"text":"have","start":11280.325,"end":11280.502},{"text":"signed","start":11280.502,"end":11280.921},{"text":"it","start":11280.921,"end":11281.13},{"text":"from","start":11281.13,"end":11281.324},{"text":"33","start":11281.324,"end":11281.856},{"text":"countries,","start":11281.856,"end":11282.242},{"text":"and","start":11283.467,"end":11283.564},{"text":"that","start":11283.564,"end":11283.741},{"text":"includes","start":11283.789,"end":11284.225},{"text":"international","start":11284.434,"end":11284.918},{"text":"organizations,","start":11284.918,"end":11285.546},{"text":"large","start":11285.804,"end":11286.03},{"text":"constellation","start":11286.03,"end":11286.577},{"text":"operators,","start":11286.627,"end":11287.191},{"text":"academia,","start":11287.955,"end":11288.486},{"text":"um,","start":11289.118,"end":11289.426},{"text":"international","start":11289.782,"end":11290.267},{"text":"organizations,","start":11290.267,"end":11291.011},{"text":"but","start":11291.076,"end":11291.303},{"text":"also","start":11291.303,"end":11291.578},{"text":"system","start":11291.95,"end":11292.257},{"text":"integrators.","start":11292.29,"end":11292.905}]},{"text":"A particular interest, of course, are state signatories, meaning space agencies representing a state.","start":11293.665,"end":11299.986,"topics":[{"key":"space-debris","label":"Space Debris Mitigation and Removal","description":"A recurring concern was the growing debris environment and the need to prevent new debris, improve post-mission disposal, and develop active debris removal. Speakers also referred to design-for-demise, passivation, and ambitious initiatives such as zero-debris approaches."}],"words":[{"text":"A","start":11293.665,"end":11293.73},{"text":"particular","start":11293.73,"end":11294.328},{"text":"interest,","start":11294.862,"end":11295.234},{"text":"of","start":11295.283,"end":11295.412},{"text":"course,","start":11295.445,"end":11295.768},{"text":"are","start":11295.914,"end":11296.027},{"text":"state","start":11296.027,"end":11296.432},{"text":"signatories,","start":11296.432,"end":11297.111},{"text":"meaning","start":11297.467,"end":11297.759},{"text":"space","start":11298.049,"end":11298.42},{"text":"agencies","start":11298.42,"end":11298.888},{"text":"representing","start":11299.001,"end":11299.582},{"text":"a","start":11299.582,"end":11299.598},{"text":"state.","start":11299.631,"end":11299.986}]},{"text":"We have now have 20 of them, just signing the one, uh, for Czech Republic just one week ago.","start":11300.05,"end":11305.778,"topics":[{"key":"space-debris","label":"Space Debris Mitigation and Removal","description":"A recurring concern was the growing debris environment and the need to prevent new debris, improve post-mission disposal, and develop active debris removal. Speakers also referred to design-for-demise, passivation, and ambitious initiatives such as zero-debris approaches."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":11300.05,"end":11300.195},{"text":"have","start":11300.195,"end":11300.341},{"text":"now","start":11300.357,"end":11300.405},{"text":"have","start":11300.518,"end":11300.744},{"text":"20","start":11300.841,"end":11301.18},{"text":"of","start":11301.18,"end":11301.389},{"text":"them,","start":11301.422,"end":11301.68},{"text":"just","start":11302.293,"end":11302.551},{"text":"signing","start":11302.551,"end":11302.987},{"text":"the","start":11303.116,"end":11303.164},{"text":"one,","start":11303.261,"end":11303.39},{"text":"uh,","start":11303.664,"end":11303.697},{"text":"for","start":11303.842,"end":11304.019},{"text":"Czech","start":11304.149,"end":11304.342},{"text":"Republic","start":11304.391,"end":11304.971},{"text":"just","start":11304.971,"end":11305.213},{"text":"one","start":11305.213,"end":11305.326},{"text":"week","start":11305.375,"end":11305.617},{"text":"ago.","start":11305.617,"end":11305.778}]},{"text":"Next slide, please.","start":11306.424,"end":11306.956,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next","start":11306.424,"end":11306.617},{"text":"slide,","start":11306.617,"end":11306.762},{"text":"please.","start":11306.811,"end":11306.956}]},{"text":"Ambitious requirements also need a technical response.","start":11311.6,"end":11314.436,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Ambitious","start":11311.6,"end":11311.85},{"text":"requirements","start":11311.95,"end":11312.601},{"text":"also","start":11312.801,"end":11313.135},{"text":"need","start":11313.135,"end":11313.402},{"text":"a","start":11313.468,"end":11313.485},{"text":"technical","start":11313.552,"end":11314.036},{"text":"response.","start":11314.036,"end":11314.436}]},{"text":"They need implementation of technical solutions, and therefore the same community has come together to work on an exhaustive list of key enabling factors, and that is technology that would be required to prevent the release of debris and guarantee clearance, but also to enable active removal, which is actually stimulated by the Zero Debris Charter because it asks for absolute successful disposal of spacecraft, and where this fails, um, to achieve this in the aftermath by applying active removal.","start":11315.148,"end":11347.702,"topics":[{"key":"space-debris","label":"Space Debris Mitigation and Removal","description":"A recurring concern was the growing debris environment and the need to prevent new debris, improve post-mission disposal, and develop active debris removal. Speakers also referred to design-for-demise, passivation, and ambitious initiatives such as zero-debris approaches."}],"words":[{"text":"They","start":11315.148,"end":11315.26},{"text":"need","start":11315.26,"end":11315.726},{"text":"implementation","start":11315.726,"end":11316.48},{"text":"of","start":11316.528,"end":11316.673},{"text":"technical","start":11316.673,"end":11317.09},{"text":"solutions,","start":11317.09,"end":11317.668},{"text":"and","start":11318.519,"end":11318.616},{"text":"therefore","start":11318.616,"end":11318.969},{"text":"the","start":11319.338,"end":11319.419},{"text":"same","start":11319.419,"end":11319.659},{"text":"community","start":11319.74,"end":11320.189},{"text":"has","start":11320.221,"end":11320.35},{"text":"come","start":11320.462,"end":11320.575},{"text":"together","start":11320.687,"end":11321.088},{"text":"to","start":11321.827,"end":11321.988},{"text":"work","start":11321.988,"end":11322.389},{"text":"on","start":11322.453,"end":11322.518},{"text":"an","start":11322.79,"end":11322.935},{"text":"exhaustive","start":11322.935,"end":11323.481},{"text":"list","start":11323.577,"end":11323.995},{"text":"of","start":11323.995,"end":11324.123},{"text":"key","start":11324.3,"end":11324.476},{"text":"enabling","start":11324.476,"end":11324.91},{"text":"factors,","start":11324.958,"end":11325.408},{"text":"and","start":11325.6,"end":11325.681},{"text":"that","start":11325.681,"end":11325.905},{"text":"is","start":11325.905,"end":11325.97},{"text":"technology","start":11326.162,"end":11326.789},{"text":"that","start":11326.789,"end":11327.029},{"text":"would","start":11327.029,"end":11327.19},{"text":"be","start":11327.19,"end":11327.351},{"text":"required","start":11327.351,"end":11327.896},{"text":"to","start":11327.945,"end":11328.057},{"text":"prevent","start":11328.089,"end":11328.491},{"text":"the","start":11328.491,"end":11328.523},{"text":"release","start":11328.571,"end":11328.764},{"text":"of","start":11328.876,"end":11328.972},{"text":"debris","start":11328.972,"end":11329.39},{"text":"and","start":11330.016,"end":11330.08},{"text":"guarantee","start":11330.16,"end":11330.594},{"text":"clearance,","start":11330.722,"end":11331.365},{"text":"but","start":11331.702,"end":11331.862},{"text":"also","start":11331.927,"end":11332.264},{"text":"to","start":11332.264,"end":11332.408},{"text":"enable","start":11332.489,"end":11332.938},{"text":"active","start":11333.051,"end":11333.324},{"text":"removal,","start":11333.388,"end":11333.853},{"text":"which","start":11333.87,"end":11333.998},{"text":"is","start":11334.094,"end":11334.159},{"text":"actually","start":11334.496,"end":11334.769},{"text":"stimulated","start":11334.769,"end":11335.523},{"text":"by","start":11335.555,"end":11335.716},{"text":"the","start":11335.716,"end":11335.877},{"text":"Zero","start":11335.877,"end":11336.166},{"text":"Debris","start":11336.182,"end":11336.439},{"text":"Charter","start":11336.439,"end":11336.824},{"text":"because","start":11336.84,"end":11337.209},{"text":"it","start":11337.257,"end":11337.482},{"text":"asks","start":11337.547,"end":11337.803},{"text":"for","start":11337.803,"end":11337.996},{"text":"absolute","start":11338.992,"end":11339.505},{"text":"successful","start":11339.505,"end":11340.18},{"text":"disposal","start":11340.196,"end":11340.761},{"text":"of","start":11340.761,"end":11340.826},{"text":"spacecraft,","start":11340.842,"end":11341.439},{"text":"and","start":11341.827,"end":11341.972},{"text":"where","start":11341.972,"end":11342.085},{"text":"this","start":11342.085,"end":11342.343},{"text":"fails,","start":11342.375,"end":11342.763},{"text":"um,","start":11343.344,"end":11343.537},{"text":"to","start":11343.667,"end":11343.78},{"text":"achieve","start":11343.78,"end":11344.215},{"text":"this","start":11344.748,"end":11344.877},{"text":"in","start":11345.361,"end":11345.426},{"text":"the","start":11345.442,"end":11345.49},{"text":"aftermath","start":11345.603,"end":11346.071},{"text":"by","start":11346.184,"end":11346.41},{"text":"applying","start":11346.41,"end":11346.798},{"text":"active","start":11346.975,"end":11347.234},{"text":"removal.","start":11347.234,"end":11347.702}]},{"text":"This is a compilation of technology needs by a community of 90 representatives, which is a public document.","start":11348.428,"end":11355.272,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":11348.428,"end":11348.557},{"text":"is","start":11348.622,"end":11348.735},{"text":"a","start":11348.783,"end":11348.799},{"text":"compilation","start":11348.831,"end":11349.396},{"text":"of","start":11349.396,"end":11349.541},{"text":"technology","start":11349.638,"end":11350.217},{"text":"needs","start":11350.217,"end":11350.829},{"text":"by","start":11350.861,"end":11350.974},{"text":"a","start":11351.408,"end":11351.424},{"text":"community","start":11351.489,"end":11351.956},{"text":"of","start":11352.052,"end":11352.117},{"text":"90","start":11352.213,"end":11352.632},{"text":"representatives,","start":11352.632,"end":11353.405},{"text":"which","start":11354,"end":11354.129},{"text":"is","start":11354.177,"end":11354.29},{"text":"a","start":11354.338,"end":11354.354},{"text":"public","start":11354.403,"end":11354.725},{"text":"document.","start":11354.725,"end":11355.272}]},{"text":"Uh, you can look it up, um, under the same address that you saw before.","start":11355.835,"end":11359.946,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Uh,","start":11355.835,"end":11355.996},{"text":"you","start":11356.077,"end":11356.174},{"text":"can","start":11356.174,"end":11356.399},{"text":"look","start":11356.399,"end":11356.56},{"text":"it","start":11356.56,"end":11356.721},{"text":"up,","start":11356.721,"end":11356.817},{"text":"um,","start":11357.204,"end":11357.413},{"text":"under","start":11357.944,"end":11358.443},{"text":"the","start":11358.443,"end":11358.524},{"text":"same","start":11358.524,"end":11358.798},{"text":"address","start":11358.846,"end":11359.12},{"text":"that","start":11359.12,"end":11359.249},{"text":"you","start":11359.249,"end":11359.33},{"text":"saw","start":11359.33,"end":11359.476},{"text":"before.","start":11359.557,"end":11359.946}]},{"text":"Next slide.","start":11360.513,"end":11360.902,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next","start":11360.513,"end":11360.723},{"text":"slide.","start":11360.723,"end":11360.902}]},{"text":"Look, going back from this international community into the activities of ESA itself.","start":11364.093,"end":11369.241,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Look,","start":11364.093,"end":11364.255},{"text":"going","start":11364.401,"end":11364.628},{"text":"back","start":11364.66,"end":11364.773},{"text":"from","start":11365.065,"end":11365.195},{"text":"this","start":11365.292,"end":11365.421},{"text":"international","start":11365.662,"end":11366.207},{"text":"community","start":11366.207,"end":11366.673},{"text":"into","start":11367.01,"end":11367.138},{"text":"the","start":11367.202,"end":11367.315},{"text":"activities","start":11367.347,"end":11367.957},{"text":"of","start":11368.149,"end":11368.278},{"text":"ESA","start":11368.454,"end":11368.695},{"text":"itself.","start":11368.695,"end":11369.241}]},{"text":"We are driving in the frame of the Space Safety Program technology to mature the platforms we are using in Europe from European integrators, um, with zero debris principles.","start":11370.461,"end":11383.124,"topics":[{"key":"space-debris","label":"Space Debris Mitigation and Removal","description":"A recurring concern was the growing debris environment and the need to prevent new debris, improve post-mission disposal, and develop active debris removal. Speakers also referred to design-for-demise, passivation, and ambitious initiatives such as zero-debris approaches."},{"key":"space-sustainability","label":"Long-Term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities","description":"Several delegations emphasized implementation of the COPUOS Long-Term Sustainability Guidelines and the need for continued work beyond the current mandate. The topic included national laws, reporting on implementation, information-sharing tools, and preserving space for future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":11370.461,"end":11370.621},{"text":"are","start":11370.637,"end":11370.894},{"text":"driving","start":11371.022,"end":11371.408},{"text":"in","start":11371.664,"end":11371.712},{"text":"the","start":11371.761,"end":11371.905},{"text":"frame","start":11371.905,"end":11372.146},{"text":"of","start":11372.226,"end":11372.387},{"text":"the","start":11372.387,"end":11372.467},{"text":"Space","start":11372.467,"end":11372.724},{"text":"Safety","start":11372.724,"end":11373.045},{"text":"Program","start":11373.045,"end":11373.333},{"text":"technology","start":11373.51,"end":11374.168},{"text":"to","start":11374.81,"end":11374.922},{"text":"mature","start":11374.955,"end":11375.404},{"text":"the","start":11376.094,"end":11376.174},{"text":"platforms","start":11376.239,"end":11376.865},{"text":"we","start":11377.218,"end":11377.362},{"text":"are","start":11377.362,"end":11377.442},{"text":"using","start":11377.442,"end":11377.827},{"text":"in","start":11378.02,"end":11378.165},{"text":"Europe","start":11378.165,"end":11378.518},{"text":"from","start":11378.566,"end":11378.79},{"text":"European","start":11378.983,"end":11379.336},{"text":"integrators,","start":11379.384,"end":11380.074},{"text":"um,","start":11381.134,"end":11381.31},{"text":"with","start":11381.455,"end":11381.728},{"text":"zero","start":11382.033,"end":11382.289},{"text":"debris","start":11382.354,"end":11382.659},{"text":"principles.","start":11382.659,"end":11383.124}]},{"text":"As I— that means making them more reliable in achieving passivation and disposal goals, um, providing for for deorbiting kits, design-for-demise technology, uh, but also active removal.","start":11383.413,"end":11397.581,"topics":[{"key":"space-debris","label":"Space Debris Mitigation and Removal","description":"A recurring concern was the growing debris environment and the need to prevent new debris, improve post-mission disposal, and develop active debris removal. Speakers also referred to design-for-demise, passivation, and ambitious initiatives such as zero-debris approaches."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":11383.413,"end":11383.525},{"text":"I—","start":11383.622,"end":11383.798},{"text":"that","start":11383.814,"end":11383.975},{"text":"means","start":11383.975,"end":11384.248},{"text":"making","start":11384.585,"end":11384.889},{"text":"them","start":11385.002,"end":11385.082},{"text":"more","start":11385.082,"end":11385.339},{"text":"reliable","start":11385.644,"end":11386.157},{"text":"in","start":11386.35,"end":11386.462},{"text":"achieving","start":11386.462,"end":11386.944},{"text":"passivation","start":11387.008,"end":11387.746},{"text":"and","start":11388.196,"end":11388.276},{"text":"disposal","start":11388.292,"end":11388.838},{"text":"goals,","start":11388.838,"end":11389.223},{"text":"um,","start":11390.202,"end":11390.33},{"text":"providing","start":11390.7,"end":11391.197},{"text":"for","start":11391.197,"end":11391.438},{"text":"for","start":11391.31,"end":11391.52},{"text":"deorbiting","start":11391.666,"end":11392.201},{"text":"kits,","start":11392.233,"end":11392.493},{"text":"design-for-demise","start":11393.368,"end":11394.308},{"text":"technology,","start":11394.405,"end":11395.037},{"text":"uh,","start":11395.944,"end":11396.026},{"text":"but","start":11396.042,"end":11396.333},{"text":"also","start":11396.431,"end":11396.739},{"text":"active","start":11396.771,"end":11397.095},{"text":"removal.","start":11397.095,"end":11397.581}]},{"text":"Next slide, please.","start":11398.23,"end":11398.764,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next","start":11398.23,"end":11398.424},{"text":"slide,","start":11398.424,"end":11398.618},{"text":"please.","start":11398.635,"end":11398.764}]},{"text":"One cornerstone mission showcasing active removal will be the ClearSpace-1 mission, which, uh, will target an ESA object that is called PROBA-1, which is a 100-kilogram spacecraft that is still operational today.","start":11401.782,"end":11416.148,"topics":[{"key":"space-debris","label":"Space Debris Mitigation and Removal","description":"A recurring concern was the growing debris environment and the need to prevent new debris, improve post-mission disposal, and develop active debris removal. Speakers also referred to design-for-demise, passivation, and ambitious initiatives such as zero-debris approaches."},{"key":"space-traffic-management","label":"Space Traffic Management and Space Situational Awareness","description":"Delegations highlighted the importance of tracking objects in orbit, issuing conjunction warnings, and coordinating maneuvers in an increasingly crowded space environment. The discussion covered national and regional surveillance systems, data sharing, and governance frameworks for safer operations."}],"words":[{"text":"One","start":11401.782,"end":11401.911},{"text":"cornerstone","start":11402.024,"end":11402.72},{"text":"mission","start":11402.833,"end":11403.205},{"text":"showcasing","start":11403.949,"end":11404.661},{"text":"active","start":11404.774,"end":11405.081},{"text":"removal","start":11405.081,"end":11405.647},{"text":"will","start":11405.647,"end":11405.793},{"text":"be","start":11405.825,"end":11405.971},{"text":"the","start":11405.971,"end":11406.068},{"text":"ClearSpace-1","start":11406.068,"end":11406.763},{"text":"mission,","start":11406.86,"end":11407.086},{"text":"which,","start":11407.992,"end":11408.138},{"text":"uh,","start":11408.396,"end":11408.445},{"text":"will","start":11408.801,"end":11408.882},{"text":"target","start":11409.367,"end":11409.836},{"text":"an","start":11410.337,"end":11410.483},{"text":"ESA","start":11410.58,"end":11410.725},{"text":"object","start":11410.741,"end":11411.227},{"text":"that","start":11411.227,"end":11411.34},{"text":"is","start":11411.34,"end":11411.453},{"text":"called","start":11411.486,"end":11411.728},{"text":"PROBA-1,","start":11411.728,"end":11412.263},{"text":"which","start":11412.457,"end":11412.57},{"text":"is","start":11412.619,"end":11412.748},{"text":"a","start":11412.797,"end":11412.813},{"text":"100-kilogram","start":11412.862,"end":11413.865},{"text":"spacecraft","start":11414.383,"end":11414.917},{"text":"that","start":11414.95,"end":11415.063},{"text":"is","start":11415.063,"end":11415.128},{"text":"still","start":11415.128,"end":11415.435},{"text":"operational","start":11415.435,"end":11416.002},{"text":"today.","start":11416.002,"end":11416.148}]},{"text":"Um, it can emulate to be nonfunctional, and therefore we can test both rendezvous with an active and a nonactive object.","start":11417.571,"end":11424.783,"topics":[{"key":"space-debris","label":"Space Debris Mitigation and Removal","description":"A recurring concern was the growing debris environment and the need to prevent new debris, improve post-mission disposal, and develop active debris removal. Speakers also referred to design-for-demise, passivation, and ambitious initiatives such as zero-debris approaches."}],"words":[{"text":"Um,","start":11417.571,"end":11417.701},{"text":"it","start":11417.992,"end":11418.138},{"text":"can","start":11418.138,"end":11418.268},{"text":"emulate","start":11418.381,"end":11419.046},{"text":"to","start":11419.11,"end":11419.273},{"text":"be","start":11419.273,"end":11419.386},{"text":"nonfunctional,","start":11419.386,"end":11420.245},{"text":"and","start":11420.326,"end":11420.391},{"text":"therefore","start":11420.407,"end":11420.666},{"text":"we","start":11420.666,"end":11420.828},{"text":"can","start":11420.828,"end":11420.942},{"text":"test","start":11420.99,"end":11421.233},{"text":"both","start":11421.233,"end":11421.525},{"text":"rendezvous","start":11422.028,"end":11422.498},{"text":"with","start":11422.53,"end":11422.708},{"text":"an","start":11422.773,"end":11422.903},{"text":"active","start":11422.919,"end":11423.227},{"text":"and","start":11423.486,"end":11423.567},{"text":"a","start":11423.648,"end":11423.664},{"text":"nonactive","start":11423.681,"end":11424.28},{"text":"object.","start":11424.377,"end":11424.783}]},{"text":"It will capture the object, um, and then reenter the whole stack in an uncontrolled reentry.","start":11425.54,"end":11430.939,"topics":[{"key":"space-debris","label":"Space Debris Mitigation and Removal","description":"A recurring concern was the growing debris environment and the need to prevent new debris, improve post-mission disposal, and develop active debris removal. Speakers also referred to design-for-demise, passivation, and ambitious initiatives such as zero-debris approaches."},{"key":"reentry-safety","label":"Reentry Safety","description":"Several statements focused on the risks posed by spacecraft and rocket bodies reentering the atmosphere, including fragmentation, ground safety, and effects on air and maritime traffic. Speakers described observation campaigns and modeling efforts to improve predictions and support safer spacecraft design and disposal."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":11425.54,"end":11425.637},{"text":"will","start":11425.637,"end":11425.735},{"text":"capture","start":11425.8,"end":11426.19},{"text":"the","start":11426.206,"end":11426.369},{"text":"object,","start":11426.369,"end":11427.003},{"text":"um,","start":11427.101,"end":11427.426},{"text":"and","start":11427.524,"end":11427.638},{"text":"then","start":11427.686,"end":11427.8},{"text":"reenter","start":11428.093,"end":11428.581},{"text":"the","start":11428.581,"end":11428.711},{"text":"whole","start":11428.727,"end":11428.858},{"text":"stack","start":11428.923,"end":11429.329},{"text":"in","start":11429.557,"end":11429.654},{"text":"an","start":11429.654,"end":11429.768},{"text":"uncontrolled","start":11429.866,"end":11430.435},{"text":"reentry.","start":11430.451,"end":11430.939}]},{"text":"Next slide, please.","start":11432.54,"end":11433.043,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next","start":11432.54,"end":11432.629},{"text":"slide,","start":11432.629,"end":11432.791},{"text":"please.","start":11432.845,"end":11433.043}]},{"text":"Further down on the roadmap, we are also thinking of not only disposing objects but reusing them.","start":11435.9,"end":11442.067,"topics":[{"key":"space-debris","label":"Space Debris Mitigation and Removal","description":"A recurring concern was the growing debris environment and the need to prevent new debris, improve post-mission disposal, and develop active debris removal. Speakers also referred to design-for-demise, passivation, and ambitious initiatives such as zero-debris approaches."},{"key":"space-sustainability","label":"Long-Term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities","description":"Several delegations emphasized implementation of the COPUOS Long-Term Sustainability Guidelines and the need for continued work beyond the current mandate. The topic included national laws, reporting on implementation, information-sharing tools, and preserving space for future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"Further","start":11435.9,"end":11436.157},{"text":"down","start":11436.157,"end":11436.366},{"text":"on","start":11436.415,"end":11436.576},{"text":"the","start":11436.576,"end":11436.656},{"text":"roadmap,","start":11436.656,"end":11437.3},{"text":"we","start":11437.461,"end":11437.558},{"text":"are","start":11437.558,"end":11437.606},{"text":"also","start":11437.606,"end":11437.961},{"text":"thinking","start":11438.009,"end":11438.395},{"text":"of","start":11438.573,"end":11438.717},{"text":"not","start":11439.152,"end":11439.458},{"text":"only","start":11439.458,"end":11439.716},{"text":"disposing","start":11439.716,"end":11440.247},{"text":"objects","start":11440.424,"end":11441.085},{"text":"but","start":11441.085,"end":11441.326},{"text":"reusing","start":11441.326,"end":11441.841},{"text":"them.","start":11441.954,"end":11442.067}]},{"text":"extending the lifetime to extend also the useful phase in space of these objects.","start":11442.643,"end":11447.943,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"extending","start":11442.643,"end":11443.173},{"text":"the","start":11443.269,"end":11443.365},{"text":"lifetime","start":11443.365,"end":11443.879},{"text":"to","start":11444.024,"end":11444.136},{"text":"extend","start":11444.474,"end":11444.891},{"text":"also","start":11444.956,"end":11445.148},{"text":"the","start":11445.197,"end":11445.341},{"text":"useful","start":11445.357,"end":11445.694},{"text":"phase","start":11445.694,"end":11446.064},{"text":"in","start":11446.498,"end":11446.594},{"text":"space","start":11446.594,"end":11447.124},{"text":"of","start":11447.124,"end":11447.22},{"text":"these","start":11447.22,"end":11447.349},{"text":"objects.","start":11447.461,"end":11447.943}]},{"text":"This is particularly relevant for geostationary objects, which are large assets, often very expensive, 4 to 5 tons heavy, and often functional for more than 20 years when the transponders are still active, but, for example, propellant is consumed.","start":11448.666,"end":11465.741,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":11448.666,"end":11448.891},{"text":"is","start":11448.891,"end":11448.955},{"text":"particularly","start":11449.052,"end":11449.598},{"text":"relevant","start":11449.694,"end":11450.16},{"text":"for","start":11450.176,"end":11450.385},{"text":"geostationary","start":11450.738,"end":11451.445},{"text":"objects,","start":11451.541,"end":11451.991},{"text":"which","start":11452.441,"end":11452.569},{"text":"are","start":11452.666,"end":11452.762},{"text":"large","start":11452.762,"end":11453.067},{"text":"assets,","start":11453.148,"end":11453.501},{"text":"often","start":11453.646,"end":11453.87},{"text":"very","start":11453.87,"end":11454.095},{"text":"expensive,","start":11454.111,"end":11454.706},{"text":"4","start":11455.332,"end":11455.525},{"text":"to","start":11455.573,"end":11455.653},{"text":"5","start":11455.653,"end":11455.942},{"text":"tons","start":11456.055,"end":11456.344},{"text":"heavy,","start":11456.44,"end":11456.746},{"text":"and","start":11457.886,"end":11457.95},{"text":"often","start":11458.047,"end":11458.288},{"text":"functional","start":11458.288,"end":11458.818},{"text":"for","start":11459.332,"end":11459.508},{"text":"more","start":11459.508,"end":11459.685},{"text":"than","start":11459.685,"end":11459.798},{"text":"20","start":11459.83,"end":11460.279},{"text":"years","start":11460.295,"end":11460.52},{"text":"when","start":11460.713,"end":11460.842},{"text":"the","start":11460.954,"end":11461.099},{"text":"transponders","start":11461.099,"end":11461.805},{"text":"are","start":11462.544,"end":11462.576},{"text":"still","start":11462.576,"end":11462.946},{"text":"active,","start":11462.946,"end":11463.331},{"text":"but,","start":11463.444,"end":11463.685},{"text":"for","start":11463.749,"end":11463.91},{"text":"example,","start":11463.91,"end":11464.456},{"text":"propellant","start":11464.568,"end":11465.05},{"text":"is","start":11465.05,"end":11465.13},{"text":"consumed.","start":11465.195,"end":11465.741}]},{"text":"Then a lifetime extension service can come in to rendezvous and capture the object, um, and take over attitude and orbit control for, um, additional 3, 4 years of, of lifetime.","start":11466.415,"end":11478.057,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Then","start":11466.415,"end":11466.704},{"text":"a","start":11467.363,"end":11467.443},{"text":"lifetime","start":11467.443,"end":11467.909},{"text":"extension","start":11468.022,"end":11468.246},{"text":"service","start":11468.246,"end":11468.728},{"text":"can","start":11468.728,"end":11468.873},{"text":"come","start":11468.905,"end":11469.097},{"text":"in","start":11469.21,"end":11469.258},{"text":"to","start":11469.547,"end":11469.659},{"text":"rendezvous","start":11470.253,"end":11470.639},{"text":"and","start":11470.655,"end":11470.735},{"text":"capture","start":11470.735,"end":11471.121},{"text":"the","start":11471.137,"end":11471.297},{"text":"object,","start":11471.297,"end":11471.811},{"text":"um,","start":11472.341,"end":11472.405},{"text":"and","start":11472.598,"end":11472.758},{"text":"take","start":11472.758,"end":11473.063},{"text":"over","start":11473.144,"end":11473.481},{"text":"attitude","start":11473.641,"end":11474.043},{"text":"and","start":11474.043,"end":11474.171},{"text":"orbit","start":11474.268,"end":11474.396},{"text":"control","start":11474.428,"end":11474.798},{"text":"for,","start":11474.91,"end":11475.279},{"text":"um,","start":11475.552,"end":11475.649},{"text":"additional","start":11475.729,"end":11476.227},{"text":"3,","start":11476.227,"end":11476.516},{"text":"4","start":11476.532,"end":11476.837},{"text":"years","start":11476.837,"end":11476.981},{"text":"of,","start":11477.078,"end":11477.222},{"text":"of","start":11477.479,"end":11477.64},{"text":"lifetime.","start":11477.64,"end":11478.057}]},{"text":"Um, and this is a very obvious business case, which we are supporting with, um, an Italian company, where ESA would fund the launch and the verification of the rendezvous and capture and lifetime extension measure in a safe environment, the graveyard orbit, with one of the customer satellites.","start":11479.085,"end":11497.919,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Um,","start":11479.085,"end":11479.245},{"text":"and","start":11479.566,"end":11479.647},{"text":"this","start":11479.647,"end":11479.839},{"text":"is","start":11479.839,"end":11479.968},{"text":"a","start":11479.968,"end":11479.984},{"text":"very","start":11480,"end":11480.209},{"text":"obvious","start":11480.289,"end":11480.626},{"text":"business","start":11480.69,"end":11481.027},{"text":"case,","start":11481.027,"end":11481.365},{"text":"which","start":11481.654,"end":11481.766},{"text":"we","start":11481.814,"end":11481.911},{"text":"are","start":11481.911,"end":11481.943},{"text":"supporting","start":11481.943,"end":11482.601},{"text":"with,","start":11483.259,"end":11483.484},{"text":"um,","start":11483.821,"end":11483.982},{"text":"an","start":11484.062,"end":11484.175},{"text":"Italian","start":11484.175,"end":11484.64},{"text":"company,","start":11484.64,"end":11485.09},{"text":"where","start":11485.684,"end":11486.005},{"text":"ESA","start":11486.005,"end":11486.31},{"text":"would","start":11486.31,"end":11486.455},{"text":"fund","start":11486.487,"end":11486.952},{"text":"the","start":11486.952,"end":11487.113},{"text":"launch","start":11487.113,"end":11487.418},{"text":"and","start":11488.253,"end":11488.381},{"text":"the","start":11488.43,"end":11488.494},{"text":"verification","start":11488.51,"end":11489.313},{"text":"of","start":11489.457,"end":11489.586},{"text":"the","start":11489.602,"end":11489.762},{"text":"rendezvous","start":11489.762,"end":11490.228},{"text":"and","start":11490.324,"end":11490.485},{"text":"capture","start":11490.485,"end":11490.999},{"text":"and","start":11491.223,"end":11491.288},{"text":"lifetime","start":11491.304,"end":11491.657},{"text":"extension","start":11491.705,"end":11492.219},{"text":"measure","start":11492.267,"end":11492.62},{"text":"in","start":11493.086,"end":11493.198},{"text":"a","start":11493.311,"end":11493.327},{"text":"safe","start":11493.327,"end":11495.366},{"text":"environment,","start":11493.632,"end":11494.274},{"text":"the","start":11494.354,"end":11494.499},{"text":"graveyard","start":11494.499,"end":11494.981},{"text":"orbit,","start":11494.981,"end":11495.318},{"text":"with","start":11496.185,"end":11496.345},{"text":"one","start":11496.362,"end":11496.49},{"text":"of","start":11496.538,"end":11496.651},{"text":"the","start":11496.683,"end":11496.763},{"text":"customer","start":11496.763,"end":11497.18},{"text":"satellites.","start":11497.18,"end":11497.919}]},{"text":"When this is successfully demonstrated, the ESA contract would, would stop, and industry would continue with their customer on their own account and on their own risks in a direct supplier-to-customer relationship in the actual GEO environment with the target spacecraft.","start":11499.252,"end":11516.111,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"When","start":11499.252,"end":11499.38},{"text":"this","start":11499.412,"end":11499.541},{"text":"is","start":11499.589,"end":11499.653},{"text":"successfully","start":11499.653,"end":11500.151},{"text":"demonstrated,","start":11500.151,"end":11500.906},{"text":"the","start":11500.954,"end":11501.082},{"text":"ESA","start":11501.098,"end":11501.403},{"text":"contract","start":11501.403,"end":11501.805},{"text":"would,","start":11501.805,"end":11501.981},{"text":"would","start":11502.206,"end":11502.302},{"text":"stop,","start":11502.302,"end":11502.704},{"text":"and","start":11503.33,"end":11503.41},{"text":"industry","start":11503.491,"end":11503.956},{"text":"would","start":11504.454,"end":11504.615},{"text":"continue","start":11504.615,"end":11505.08},{"text":"with","start":11505.177,"end":11505.353},{"text":"their","start":11505.353,"end":11505.514},{"text":"customer","start":11505.514,"end":11506.124},{"text":"on","start":11506.702,"end":11506.814},{"text":"their","start":11506.863,"end":11507.119},{"text":"own","start":11507.119,"end":11507.248},{"text":"account","start":11507.296,"end":11508.003},{"text":"and","start":11508.083,"end":11508.211},{"text":"on","start":11508.243,"end":11508.324},{"text":"their","start":11508.324,"end":11508.484},{"text":"own","start":11508.484,"end":11508.597},{"text":"risks","start":11508.709,"end":11509.223},{"text":"in","start":11509.833,"end":11509.881},{"text":"a","start":11509.929,"end":11510.106},{"text":"direct","start":11510.25,"end":11510.877},{"text":"supplier-to-customer","start":11510.989,"end":11512.177},{"text":"relationship","start":11512.177,"end":11512.964},{"text":"in","start":11513.285,"end":11513.349},{"text":"the","start":11513.446,"end":11513.59},{"text":"actual","start":11513.606,"end":11513.944},{"text":"GEO","start":11513.944,"end":11514.184},{"text":"environment","start":11514.184,"end":11514.923},{"text":"with","start":11514.971,"end":11515.051},{"text":"the","start":11515.051,"end":11515.212},{"text":"target","start":11515.212,"end":11515.533},{"text":"spacecraft.","start":11515.533,"end":11516.111}]},{"text":"This contract has been signed last year, and we are approaching now the system requirements review.","start":11516.914,"end":11522.664,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":11516.914,"end":11517.107},{"text":"contract","start":11518.343,"end":11518.76},{"text":"has","start":11518.76,"end":11518.953},{"text":"been","start":11518.953,"end":11520.896},{"text":"signed","start":11519.098,"end":11519.457},{"text":"last","start":11519.554,"end":11519.896},{"text":"year,","start":11519.896,"end":11520.206},{"text":"and","start":11520.287,"end":11520.45},{"text":"we","start":11520.45,"end":11520.547},{"text":"are","start":11520.613,"end":11520.645},{"text":"approaching","start":11520.645,"end":11521.166},{"text":"now","start":11521.199,"end":11521.296},{"text":"the","start":11521.427,"end":11521.524},{"text":"system","start":11521.524,"end":11521.866},{"text":"requirements","start":11521.866,"end":11522.42},{"text":"review.","start":11522.42,"end":11522.664}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"Next slide, please.","start":11523.625,"end":11524.146,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next","start":11523.625,"end":11523.836},{"text":"slide,","start":11523.836,"end":11523.95},{"text":"please.","start":11523.967,"end":11524.146}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"This showcases our whole active removal and in-orbit servicing roadmap.","start":11527.15,"end":11532.137,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":11527.15,"end":11527.215},{"text":"showcases","start":11527.247,"end":11527.801},{"text":"our","start":11528.079,"end":11528.339},{"text":"whole","start":11528.633,"end":11528.845},{"text":"active","start":11529.448,"end":11529.725},{"text":"removal","start":11529.79,"end":11530.36},{"text":"and","start":11530.36,"end":11530.605},{"text":"in-orbit","start":11530.605,"end":11530.947},{"text":"servicing","start":11530.947,"end":11531.469},{"text":"roadmap.","start":11531.501,"end":11532.137}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"We—","start":11532.99,"end":11533.038,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We—","start":11532.99,"end":11533.038}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"you see here the ClearSpace-1 mission and also the RISE in-orbit servicing mission in here.","start":11533.424,"end":11538.368,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"you","start":11533.424,"end":11533.569},{"text":"see","start":11533.569,"end":11533.811},{"text":"here","start":11533.827,"end":11533.988},{"text":"the","start":11533.988,"end":11534.133},{"text":"ClearSpace-1","start":11534.133,"end":11534.777},{"text":"mission","start":11534.777,"end":11535.083},{"text":"and","start":11535.421,"end":11535.582},{"text":"also","start":11535.582,"end":11535.969},{"text":"the","start":11535.985,"end":11536.146},{"text":"RISE","start":11536.146,"end":11536.371},{"text":"in-orbit","start":11536.564,"end":11536.951},{"text":"servicing","start":11536.951,"end":11537.418},{"text":"mission","start":11537.531,"end":11537.74},{"text":"in","start":11537.853,"end":11538.014},{"text":"here.","start":11538.014,"end":11538.368}]},{"text":"The idea that we pursue in ESA is that each in-orbit servicing action that we try out should be the lowest-hanging fruit technology-wise that can be executed together with a client spacecraft.","start":11538.964,"end":11551.272,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":11538.964,"end":11539.125},{"text":"idea","start":11539.141,"end":11539.479},{"text":"that","start":11539.479,"end":11539.705},{"text":"we","start":11539.705,"end":11539.785},{"text":"pursue","start":11539.85,"end":11540.188},{"text":"in","start":11540.188,"end":11540.236},{"text":"ESA","start":11540.413,"end":11540.751},{"text":"is","start":11540.751,"end":11540.88},{"text":"that","start":11540.993,"end":11541.251},{"text":"each","start":11542.104,"end":11542.217},{"text":"in-orbit","start":11542.363,"end":11542.783},{"text":"servicing","start":11542.783,"end":11543.287},{"text":"action","start":11543.371,"end":11543.606},{"text":"that","start":11543.606,"end":11543.774},{"text":"we","start":11543.774,"end":11543.875},{"text":"try","start":11543.875,"end":11544.194},{"text":"out","start":11544.194,"end":11546.278},{"text":"should","start":11544.612,"end":11545.013},{"text":"be","start":11545.013,"end":11545.254},{"text":"the","start":11545.735,"end":11545.928},{"text":"lowest-hanging","start":11546.04,"end":11546.666},{"text":"fruit","start":11546.762,"end":11547.196},{"text":"technology-wise","start":11547.26,"end":11548.11},{"text":"that","start":11548.624,"end":11548.849},{"text":"can","start":11548.849,"end":11549.009},{"text":"be","start":11549.009,"end":11549.09},{"text":"executed","start":11549.106,"end":11549.651},{"text":"together","start":11549.651,"end":11550.101},{"text":"with","start":11550.133,"end":11550.245},{"text":"a","start":11550.293,"end":11550.374},{"text":"client","start":11550.374,"end":11550.678},{"text":"spacecraft.","start":11550.695,"end":11551.272}]},{"text":"So we are not going into demonstration of very complex tasks, but we go with the tasks that are reachable and for which already a customer's available so that we can do this, uh, mission together with a client spacecraft.","start":11552.091,"end":11565.557,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":11552.091,"end":11552.396},{"text":"we","start":11552.396,"end":11552.476},{"text":"are","start":11552.492,"end":11552.556},{"text":"not","start":11552.556,"end":11552.781},{"text":"going","start":11552.781,"end":11552.99},{"text":"into","start":11553.118,"end":11553.359},{"text":"demonstration","start":11553.359,"end":11554.209},{"text":"of","start":11554.306,"end":11554.354},{"text":"very","start":11554.386,"end":11554.611},{"text":"complex","start":11554.643,"end":11555.124},{"text":"tasks,","start":11555.124,"end":11555.51},{"text":"but","start":11555.526,"end":11555.638},{"text":"we","start":11555.67,"end":11555.766},{"text":"go","start":11555.831,"end":11556.071},{"text":"with","start":11556.071,"end":11556.248},{"text":"the","start":11556.328,"end":11556.408},{"text":"tasks","start":11556.408,"end":11556.81},{"text":"that","start":11556.874,"end":11557.034},{"text":"are","start":11557.034,"end":11557.131},{"text":"reachable","start":11557.131,"end":11557.66},{"text":"and","start":11558.415,"end":11558.479},{"text":"for","start":11558.575,"end":11558.816},{"text":"which","start":11558.816,"end":11558.944},{"text":"already","start":11559.217,"end":11559.586},{"text":"a","start":11559.699,"end":11559.715},{"text":"customer's","start":11560.02,"end":11560.646},{"text":"available","start":11560.646,"end":11561.063},{"text":"so","start":11561.063,"end":11561.288},{"text":"that","start":11561.288,"end":11561.448},{"text":"we","start":11561.448,"end":11561.544},{"text":"can","start":11561.544,"end":11561.673},{"text":"do","start":11561.705,"end":11561.881},{"text":"this,","start":11561.881,"end":11562.122},{"text":"uh,","start":11562.411,"end":11562.588},{"text":"mission","start":11562.668,"end":11562.957},{"text":"together","start":11562.989,"end":11563.47},{"text":"with","start":11564.016,"end":11564.209},{"text":"a","start":11564.498,"end":11564.578},{"text":"client","start":11564.578,"end":11564.931},{"text":"spacecraft.","start":11564.931,"end":11565.557}]},{"text":"Obviously, the goal is after demonstrating lifetime extension and active removal, to also, uh, go, uh, into more complex servicing action when they become reachable, uh, like refurbishment in orbit, assembly manufacturing, and also recycling.","start":11566.103,"end":11580.724,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Obviously,","start":11566.103,"end":11566.536},{"text":"the","start":11566.584,"end":11566.745},{"text":"goal","start":11566.745,"end":11567.017},{"text":"is","start":11567.066,"end":11567.13},{"text":"after","start":11567.467,"end":11567.724},{"text":"demonstrating","start":11567.724,"end":11568.333},{"text":"lifetime","start":11568.671,"end":11568.975},{"text":"extension","start":11569.024,"end":11569.457},{"text":"and","start":11569.489,"end":11569.601},{"text":"active","start":11569.714,"end":11569.955},{"text":"removal,","start":11569.971,"end":11570.227},{"text":"to","start":11570.839,"end":11570.968},{"text":"also,","start":11571,"end":11571.515},{"text":"uh,","start":11572.047,"end":11572.224},{"text":"go,","start":11572.369,"end":11572.626},{"text":"uh,","start":11572.932,"end":11572.98},{"text":"into","start":11573.109,"end":11573.302},{"text":"more","start":11573.335,"end":11573.528},{"text":"complex","start":11573.576,"end":11573.898},{"text":"servicing","start":11573.898,"end":11574.349},{"text":"action","start":11574.397,"end":11574.639},{"text":"when","start":11574.639,"end":11574.8},{"text":"they","start":11574.8,"end":11574.945},{"text":"become","start":11574.945,"end":11575.17},{"text":"reachable,","start":11575.283,"end":11575.814},{"text":"uh,","start":11576.394,"end":11576.555},{"text":"like","start":11576.571,"end":11576.828},{"text":"refurbishment","start":11576.877,"end":11577.537},{"text":"in","start":11577.537,"end":11577.666},{"text":"orbit,","start":11577.762,"end":11578.181},{"text":"assembly","start":11578.342,"end":11578.744},{"text":"manufacturing,","start":11578.744,"end":11579.437},{"text":"and","start":11579.791,"end":11579.855},{"text":"also","start":11579.92,"end":11580.145},{"text":"recycling.","start":11580.193,"end":11580.724}]},{"text":"Next slide.","start":11581.465,"end":11581.948,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next","start":11581.465,"end":11581.674},{"text":"slide.","start":11581.674,"end":11581.948}]},{"text":"And this concludes my presentation.","start":11583.895,"end":11585.441,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":11583.895,"end":11583.976},{"text":"this","start":11583.976,"end":11584.137},{"text":"concludes","start":11584.137,"end":11584.587},{"text":"my","start":11584.62,"end":11584.781},{"text":"presentation.","start":11584.781,"end":11585.441}]},{"text":"Thank you very much.","start":11585.505,"end":11586.084,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":11585.505,"end":11585.682},{"text":"you","start":11585.682,"end":11585.762},{"text":"very","start":11585.762,"end":11585.956},{"text":"much.","start":11585.972,"end":11586.084}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"ESA","affiliation_full":"ESA","group":null,"function":"Observer"}},{"statement_number":59,"start":11587.974,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1a/k1ad4k1m9e?t=11588","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished observer for the European Space Agency for the presentation.","start":11587.974,"end":11592.085,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":11587.974,"end":11588.023},{"text":"thank","start":11588.056,"end":11588.302},{"text":"the","start":11588.302,"end":11588.449},{"text":"distinguished","start":11588.449,"end":11588.99},{"text":"observer","start":11589.022,"end":11589.448},{"text":"for","start":11589.53,"end":11589.776},{"text":"the","start":11589.776,"end":11589.858},{"text":"European","start":11589.858,"end":11590.283},{"text":"Space","start":11590.283,"end":11590.709},{"text":"Agency","start":11590.742,"end":11591.086},{"text":"for","start":11591.086,"end":11591.282},{"text":"the","start":11591.332,"end":11591.397},{"text":"presentation.","start":11591.397,"end":11592.085}]},{"text":"Distinguished delegates, I will shortly adjourn this meeting.","start":11593.68,"end":11597.212,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Distinguished","start":11593.68,"end":11593.958},{"text":"delegates,","start":11593.958,"end":11594.644},{"text":"I","start":11595.593,"end":11595.609},{"text":"will","start":11595.675,"end":11595.773},{"text":"shortly","start":11595.773,"end":11596.296},{"text":"adjourn","start":11596.329,"end":11596.705},{"text":"this","start":11596.738,"end":11596.836},{"text":"meeting.","start":11596.967,"end":11597.212}]},{"text":"Before doing so, I'd like to inform delegates of our schedule of work for tomorrow morning.","start":11597.793,"end":11603.217,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Before","start":11597.793,"end":11598.065},{"text":"doing","start":11598.178,"end":11598.37},{"text":"so,","start":11598.435,"end":11598.836},{"text":"I'd","start":11599.317,"end":11599.446},{"text":"like","start":11599.462,"end":11599.622},{"text":"to","start":11599.622,"end":11599.686},{"text":"inform","start":11599.718,"end":11600.039},{"text":"delegates","start":11600.039,"end":11600.537},{"text":"of","start":11600.537,"end":11600.665},{"text":"our","start":11600.665,"end":11600.826},{"text":"schedule","start":11600.826,"end":11601.227},{"text":"of","start":11601.227,"end":11601.372},{"text":"work","start":11601.388,"end":11601.709},{"text":"for","start":11602.351,"end":11602.511},{"text":"tomorrow","start":11602.511,"end":11602.848},{"text":"morning.","start":11602.848,"end":11603.217}]},{"text":"We will meet promptly at 10 AM.","start":11604.116,"end":11605.946,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":11604.116,"end":11604.276},{"text":"will","start":11604.276,"end":11604.453},{"text":"meet","start":11604.453,"end":11604.662},{"text":"promptly","start":11604.694,"end":11605.143},{"text":"at","start":11605.32,"end":11605.384},{"text":"10","start":11605.416,"end":11605.657},{"text":"AM.","start":11605.657,"end":11605.946}]},{"text":"We will continue our consideration of Agenda Item 3, General Exchange of Views.","start":11606.684,"end":11611.161,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":11606.684,"end":11606.78},{"text":"will","start":11606.78,"end":11606.941},{"text":"continue","start":11606.941,"end":11607.406},{"text":"our","start":11607.406,"end":11607.518},{"text":"consideration","start":11607.583,"end":11608.321},{"text":"of","start":11608.321,"end":11608.465},{"text":"Agenda","start":11608.465,"end":11608.85},{"text":"Item","start":11608.931,"end":11609.268},{"text":"3,","start":11609.268,"end":11609.685},{"text":"General","start":11610.054,"end":11610.247},{"text":"Exchange","start":11610.247,"end":11610.728},{"text":"of","start":11610.728,"end":11610.792},{"text":"Views.","start":11610.857,"end":11611.161}]},{"text":"We will continue our consideration of Agenda Item 10, Long-Term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities.","start":11612.397,"end":11618.384,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":11612.397,"end":11612.542},{"text":"will","start":11612.542,"end":11612.654},{"text":"continue","start":11612.702,"end":11613.119},{"text":"our","start":11613.184,"end":11613.36},{"text":"consideration","start":11613.36,"end":11614.147},{"text":"of","start":11614.147,"end":11614.243},{"text":"Agenda","start":11614.243,"end":11614.644},{"text":"Item","start":11614.644,"end":11614.981},{"text":"10,","start":11615.045,"end":11615.334},{"text":"Long-Term","start":11615.848,"end":11616.265},{"text":"Sustainability","start":11616.313,"end":11617.019},{"text":"of","start":11617.051,"end":11617.148},{"text":"Outer","start":11617.196,"end":11617.453},{"text":"Space","start":11617.453,"end":11617.854},{"text":"Activities.","start":11617.854,"end":11618.384}]},{"text":"Time permitting, we will begin our consideration of Agenda Item 11, Future role and method of work of the committee.","start":11619.218,"end":11626.271,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Time","start":11619.218,"end":11619.539},{"text":"permitting,","start":11619.539,"end":11619.988},{"text":"we","start":11620.502,"end":11620.582},{"text":"will","start":11620.582,"end":11620.759},{"text":"begin","start":11620.807,"end":11621.128},{"text":"our","start":11621.128,"end":11621.369},{"text":"consideration","start":11621.369,"end":11622.107},{"text":"of","start":11622.107,"end":11622.203},{"text":"Agenda","start":11622.203,"end":11622.653},{"text":"Item","start":11622.733,"end":11623.054},{"text":"11,","start":11623.054,"end":11623.439},{"text":"Future","start":11623.78,"end":11624.206},{"text":"role","start":11624.206,"end":11624.468},{"text":"and","start":11624.534,"end":11624.599},{"text":"method","start":11624.698,"end":11625.025},{"text":"of","start":11625.025,"end":11625.189},{"text":"work","start":11625.189,"end":11625.583},{"text":"of","start":11625.615,"end":11625.697},{"text":"the","start":11625.746,"end":11625.828},{"text":"committee.","start":11625.828,"end":11626.271}]},{"text":"We will have 5 technical presentations tomorrow morning.","start":11627.651,"end":11630.525,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":11627.651,"end":11627.699},{"text":"will","start":11627.699,"end":11627.764},{"text":"have","start":11627.796,"end":11628.038},{"text":"5","start":11628.038,"end":11628.394},{"text":"technical","start":11628.394,"end":11628.862},{"text":"presentations","start":11628.862,"end":11629.556},{"text":"tomorrow","start":11629.814,"end":11630.089},{"text":"morning.","start":11630.089,"end":11630.525}]},{"text":"Delegates are reminded that the full schedule of technical presentations is available on the session's webpage.","start":11631.591,"end":11637.514,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Delegates","start":11631.591,"end":11632.075},{"text":"are","start":11632.156,"end":11632.204},{"text":"reminded","start":11632.253,"end":11632.769},{"text":"that","start":11632.899,"end":11633.012},{"text":"the","start":11633.06,"end":11633.141},{"text":"full","start":11633.141,"end":11633.383},{"text":"schedule","start":11633.383,"end":11633.803},{"text":"of","start":11633.803,"end":11633.916},{"text":"technical","start":11633.948,"end":11634.352},{"text":"presentations","start":11634.352,"end":11635.127},{"text":"is","start":11635.547,"end":11635.611},{"text":"available","start":11635.708,"end":11636.354},{"text":"on","start":11636.354,"end":11636.419},{"text":"the","start":11636.42,"end":11636.452},{"text":"session's","start":11636.452,"end":11636.934},{"text":"webpage.","start":11636.934,"end":11637.514}]},{"text":"I would now like to give the floor to the Secretariat to provide information on the side events.","start":11638.608,"end":11643.065,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":11638.608,"end":11638.624},{"text":"would","start":11638.624,"end":11638.737},{"text":"now","start":11638.769,"end":11638.897},{"text":"like","start":11639.026,"end":11639.252},{"text":"to","start":11639.252,"end":11639.348},{"text":"give","start":11639.348,"end":11639.477},{"text":"the","start":11639.509,"end":11639.589},{"text":"floor","start":11639.589,"end":11639.927},{"text":"to","start":11639.927,"end":11640.04},{"text":"the","start":11640.072,"end":11640.153},{"text":"Secretariat","start":11640.153,"end":11640.796},{"text":"to","start":11640.796,"end":11640.893},{"text":"provide","start":11640.893,"end":11641.408},{"text":"information","start":11641.536,"end":11642.132},{"text":"on","start":11642.148,"end":11642.26},{"text":"the","start":11642.309,"end":11642.341},{"text":"side","start":11642.341,"end":11642.647},{"text":"events.","start":11642.647,"end":11643.065}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"COPUOS","affiliation_full":"COPUOS","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":60,"start":11643.129,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1a/k1ad4k1m9e?t=11644","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Madam Chair.","start":11643.129,"end":11644.996,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":11643.129,"end":11643.467},{"text":"you,","start":11643.467,"end":11643.58},{"text":"Madam","start":11644.207,"end":11644.497},{"text":"Chair.","start":11644.497,"end":11644.996}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"At 8:30 AM tomorrow morning, there'll be a side event co-organized by the United Kingdom and Office for Outer Space Affairs.","start":11649.565,"end":11658.237,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"At","start":11649.565,"end":11649.661},{"text":"8:30","start":11649.871,"end":11650.338},{"text":"AM","start":11650.774,"end":11650.903},{"text":"tomorrow","start":11650.935,"end":11651.257},{"text":"morning,","start":11651.257,"end":11651.708},{"text":"there'll","start":11652.531,"end":11652.756},{"text":"be","start":11652.756,"end":11652.869},{"text":"a","start":11652.869,"end":11652.95},{"text":"side","start":11652.95,"end":11653.336},{"text":"event","start":11653.336,"end":11653.933},{"text":"co-organized","start":11654.142,"end":11654.771},{"text":"by","start":11654.868,"end":11654.964},{"text":"the","start":11654.964,"end":11655.11},{"text":"United","start":11655.11,"end":11655.577},{"text":"Kingdom","start":11655.609,"end":11656.044},{"text":"and","start":11656.738,"end":11656.802},{"text":"Office","start":11656.883,"end":11657.205},{"text":"for","start":11657.205,"end":11657.414},{"text":"Outer","start":11657.447,"end":11657.624},{"text":"Space","start":11657.624,"end":11657.834},{"text":"Affairs.","start":11657.93,"end":11658.237}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"This event is entitled Sustainability of the Space Environment: Join Us for a Discussion on Metrics and Models, and it will take place in Room M2, once again, at 8:30 AM tomorrow morning.","start":11660.73,"end":11674.783,"topics":[{"key":"space-sustainability","label":"Long-Term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities","description":"Several delegations emphasized implementation of the COPUOS Long-Term Sustainability Guidelines and the need for continued work beyond the current mandate. The topic included national laws, reporting on implementation, information-sharing tools, and preserving space for future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":11660.73,"end":11660.922},{"text":"event","start":11660.922,"end":11661.244},{"text":"is","start":11661.244,"end":11661.372},{"text":"entitled","start":11661.485,"end":11662.256},{"text":"Sustainability","start":11662.433,"end":11663.461},{"text":"of","start":11663.493,"end":11663.622},{"text":"the","start":11663.638,"end":11663.734},{"text":"Space","start":11663.734,"end":11664.12},{"text":"Environment:","start":11664.12,"end":11664.746},{"text":"Join","start":11665.035,"end":11665.228},{"text":"Us","start":11665.325,"end":11665.485},{"text":"for","start":11665.485,"end":11665.598},{"text":"a","start":11665.598,"end":11665.662},{"text":"Discussion","start":11665.662,"end":11666.208},{"text":"on","start":11666.208,"end":11666.273},{"text":"Metrics","start":11666.385,"end":11667.172},{"text":"and","start":11667.253,"end":11667.51},{"text":"Models,","start":11667.51,"end":11667.847},{"text":"and","start":11668.859,"end":11669.036},{"text":"it","start":11669.1,"end":11669.197},{"text":"will","start":11669.197,"end":11669.309},{"text":"take","start":11669.422,"end":11669.663},{"text":"place","start":11669.663,"end":11669.968},{"text":"in","start":11670.145,"end":11670.209},{"text":"Room","start":11670.37,"end":11670.45},{"text":"M2,","start":11670.725,"end":11671.146},{"text":"once","start":11672.407,"end":11672.568},{"text":"again,","start":11672.568,"end":11672.778},{"text":"at","start":11672.827,"end":11673.085},{"text":"8:30","start":11673.215,"end":11673.684},{"text":"AM","start":11673.862,"end":11674.088},{"text":"tomorrow","start":11674.201,"end":11674.46},{"text":"morning.","start":11674.46,"end":11674.783}]},{"text":"All delegations are invited.","start":11674.993,"end":11675.834,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"All","start":11674.993,"end":11675.058},{"text":"delegations","start":11675.09,"end":11675.591},{"text":"are","start":11675.591,"end":11675.656},{"text":"invited.","start":11675.656,"end":11675.834}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you.","start":11675.899,"end":11676.125,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":11675.899,"end":11676.076},{"text":"you.","start":11676.076,"end":11676.125}]},{"text":"The schedule of the side events is available on the webpage of the session.","start":11677.146,"end":11680.588,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":11677.146,"end":11677.243},{"text":"schedule","start":11677.243,"end":11677.631},{"text":"of","start":11677.631,"end":11677.711},{"text":"the","start":11677.711,"end":11677.792},{"text":"side","start":11677.792,"end":11678.051},{"text":"events","start":11678.051,"end":11678.422},{"text":"is","start":11678.422,"end":11678.536},{"text":"available","start":11678.536,"end":11679.069},{"text":"on","start":11679.069,"end":11679.133},{"text":"the","start":11679.166,"end":11679.247},{"text":"webpage","start":11679.247,"end":11679.78},{"text":"of","start":11679.958,"end":11680.103},{"text":"the","start":11680.119,"end":11680.152},{"text":"session.","start":11680.152,"end":11680.588}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you very much, Madam Chair.","start":11681.428,"end":11682.64,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":11681.428,"end":11681.59},{"text":"you","start":11681.59,"end":11681.671},{"text":"very","start":11681.671,"end":11681.768},{"text":"much,","start":11681.768,"end":11681.994},{"text":"Madam","start":11682.139,"end":11682.333},{"text":"Chair.","start":11682.398,"end":11682.64}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"UN","affiliation_full":"UN","group":null,"function":"Secretariat"}},{"statement_number":61,"start":11684.14,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1a/k1ad4k1m9e?t=11685","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the Secretariat for the information provided.","start":11684.14,"end":11686.6,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":11684.14,"end":11684.156},{"text":"thank","start":11684.156,"end":11684.398},{"text":"the","start":11684.398,"end":11684.657},{"text":"Secretariat","start":11684.674,"end":11685.305},{"text":"for","start":11685.305,"end":11685.467},{"text":"the","start":11685.467,"end":11685.548},{"text":"information","start":11685.548,"end":11686.065},{"text":"provided.","start":11686.098,"end":11686.6}]},{"text":"Are there any questions or comments on this proposed schedule?","start":11687.069,"end":11690.047,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Are","start":11687.069,"end":11687.231},{"text":"there","start":11687.231,"end":11687.473},{"text":"any","start":11687.473,"end":11687.619},{"text":"questions","start":11687.716,"end":11688.266},{"text":"or","start":11688.315,"end":11688.445},{"text":"comments","start":11688.445,"end":11688.93},{"text":"on","start":11688.93,"end":11688.995},{"text":"this","start":11689.011,"end":11689.189},{"text":"proposed","start":11689.189,"end":11689.513},{"text":"schedule?","start":11689.513,"end":11690.047}]},{"text":"I see none.","start":11692.957,"end":11693.423,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":11692.957,"end":11693.005},{"text":"see","start":11693.053,"end":11693.23},{"text":"none.","start":11693.278,"end":11693.423}]},{"text":"Distinguished delegates, this meeting is adjourned until 10 AM tomorrow morning.","start":11694.743,"end":11699.169,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Distinguished","start":11694.743,"end":11695.258},{"text":"delegates,","start":11695.258,"end":11695.966},{"text":"this","start":11696.433,"end":11696.546},{"text":"meeting","start":11696.675,"end":11696.964},{"text":"is","start":11697.077,"end":11697.125},{"text":"adjourned","start":11697.173,"end":11697.624},{"text":"until","start":11697.624,"end":11697.898},{"text":"10","start":11698.043,"end":11698.252},{"text":"AM","start":11698.268,"end":11698.493},{"text":"tomorrow","start":11698.526,"end":11698.847},{"text":"morning.","start":11698.847,"end":11699.169}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"COPUOS","affiliation_full":"COPUOS","group":null,"function":"Chair"}}],"topics":[{"key":"space-debris","label":"Space Debris Mitigation and Removal","description":"A recurring concern was the growing debris environment and the need to prevent new debris, improve post-mission disposal, and develop active debris removal. Speakers also referred to design-for-demise, passivation, and ambitious initiatives such as zero-debris approaches."},{"key":"space-weather","label":"Space Weather","description":"Multiple interventions addressed monitoring and forecasting of solar and ionospheric phenomena that can affect satellites, communications, navigation, aviation, and infrastructure on Earth. The discussion also covered scientific missions, operational warning systems, and international training and capacity-building."},{"key":"neo-monitoring","label":"NEO Monitoring and Early Warning","description":"A major theme was the detection, tracking, characterization, and risk assessment of near-Earth objects using ground-based and space-based systems. Several statements highlighted early warning thresholds, impact probability updates, and the recent case of asteroid 2024 YR4."},{"key":"reentry-safety","label":"Reentry Safety","description":"Several statements focused on the risks posed by spacecraft and rocket bodies reentering the atmosphere, including fragmentation, ground safety, and effects on air and maritime traffic. Speakers described observation campaigns and modeling efforts to improve predictions and support safer spacecraft design and disposal."},{"key":"asteroid-awareness","label":"Asteroid Awareness","description":"Delegations repeatedly welcomed the designation of 2029 as the International Year of Asteroid Awareness and Planetary Defense. This topic centered on public education, outreach, scientific engagement, and using the close approach of Apophis to raise global awareness."},{"key":"asteroid-deflection","label":"Asteroid Deflection and Mitigation Missions","description":"Speakers discussed missions and technologies intended to understand or demonstrate how dangerous asteroids could be deflected. DART, Hera, and planned Apophis-related missions were presented as key steps in developing practical mitigation options."},{"key":"space-sustainability","label":"Long-Term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities","description":"Several delegations emphasized implementation of the COPUOS Long-Term Sustainability Guidelines and the need for continued work beyond the current mandate. The topic included national laws, reporting on implementation, information-sharing tools, and preserving space for future generations."},{"key":"space-traffic-management","label":"Space Traffic Management and Space Situational Awareness","description":"Delegations highlighted the importance of tracking objects in orbit, issuing conjunction warnings, and coordinating maneuvers in an increasingly crowded space environment. The discussion covered national and regional surveillance systems, data sharing, and governance frameworks for safer operations."},{"key":"planetary-defense-cooperation","label":"Planetary Defense Cooperation","description":"Many speakers stressed that asteroid threats require coordinated international action through mechanisms such as IAWN, SMPAG, UNOOSA, and joint exercises. The discussion focused on sharing observations, aligning response procedures, and building common preparedness against impact risks."}]}}