Outer Space: Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space, 69th session, 853th meeting

Distinguished delegates, good afternoon. Please take a seat.

Good afternoon.

Thank you. I now declare open the 853rd meeting of the Committee on the Peaceful Use of Outer Space. Distinguished delegates, this afternoon we will continue our consideration of Agenda Item 5, General Exchange of Views. We will continue and hopefully We will suspend our consideration of agenda item number 9, Space and Sustainable Development, pending the outcome of the consultation on the Space for Development Initiative. We will begin and hopefully conclude our consideration of agenda item number 10, Spin-off Benefits of Space Technology. Review of Current Status. We will begin, and hopefully conclude, our consideration of Agenda Item No. 11, Space and Water. We will, will also begin our consideration of Agenda Item No. 12, Space and Climate Change. 5 technical presentations are scheduled for this afternoon, and delegates are reminded that the full schedule of technical presentations is available on the session webpage. Are there any questions or comments on this proposed schedule? I see none. So, distinguished delegates, I would now like to continue our consideration of agenda item number 5, General Exchange of View, and I now turn to the list of speakers. And the first speaker of my list is the distinguished observer for AeroAI Global Solutions.

Please. Distinguished Chair, Excellencies, distinguished delegates. AeroAI Global Solutions, a nonprofit organization focused on the use of AI and space technologies to address humanitarian and environmental challenges, as well as related governance considerations, wishes to thank the Chair for the opportunity to address the committee. Through its AeroAI Guardian Project, a multi-source Earth observation framework designed to support the detection, documentation, and evidentiary evaluation of human and wildlife trafficking activity through the integration of optical imagery, synthetic aperture radar, radio frequency analytics, and AI-enabled multi-source correlation, AeroAI Global Solutions has observed a number of emerging technical, legal, and governance considerations relating to the growing utilization of space-derived information. In light of these developments, AeroAI Global Solutions wishes to raise for consideration the possible establishment of a working group on the responsible integration of space-derived data into civilian and public interest applications. As space technologies continue to evolve, space-derived data is becoming increasingly integrated across civilian and public interest applications, including environmental monitoring, disaster response, agricultural biodiversity conservation, maritime awareness, humanitarian operations, sustainability initiatives, and infrastructure planning. These technologies are also increasingly intersecting with investigative, regulatory, judicial, and evidentiary contexts as governments and institutions make greater use of commercially generated analytical products and multi-source space-derived information. However, despite growing reliance on such systems, limited international guidance exists concerning reliability, transparency, interoperability, traceability, authentication methodologies, and their responsible integration into governance frameworks and operational contexts. As space-derived information becomes increasingly embedded in institutional processes worldwide, building confidence in its responsible use is becoming a shared international interest. In this regard, AeroAI Global Solutions believes these developments prevent— provide an opportunity for greater interdisciplinary dialogue between the Scientific and Technical Subcommittee and the Legal Subcommittee, and therefore wishes to raise for consideration the possible establishment of a working group on the responsible integration of space-derived data into civilian and public interest applications. Such an initiative could provide a voluntary platform for knowledge sharing, capacity building, and dialogue among member states, international organizations, industry, academia, and civil society to exchange best practices and examine technical and governance considerations relating to the responsible integration of these rapidly evolving capabilities. This could include discussions relating to transparency and traceability, interoperability and technical reliability, governance considerations, responsible use principles, authentication and verification methodologies, and potentially voluntary guidelines or best practices supporting the trustworthy utilization of space-derived information. As the global space ecosystem continues to evolve, AeroAI Global Solutions believes the United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space is uniquely positioned to facilitate constructive international dialogue that supports the responsible utilization of advancing space capabilities while promoting international cooperation, sustainable development, and the peaceful uses of outer space. Thank you, distinguished Chair.

I thank the distinguished observer for AeroAI Global Solutions, and the next speaker on my list is the distinguished observer for All Moonkind.

Thank you, Chair. At the outset, please allow me to thank you for your leadership and the Office for Outer Space Affairs for its unwavering support of this committee's vital work. Distinguished delegates, there are bootprints on the Moon etched forever into the ancient lunar dust. They stand as silent, irreplaceable witnesses to one of the greatest triumphs in human history. Alongside the first spacecraft, the experiments, and the artifacts left behind, These bootprints mark the moment our species stepped beyond the cradle of Earth and began a new chapter in human history. Few dispute their profound significance. Yet today, we face an important question. Will we allow these irreplaceable traces of our first steps to be erased by the very momentum of our return? The Outer Space Treaty, a landmark of visionary diplomacy, forbids national appropriation, but it offers no explicit shield for the historic sites and objects that embody humanity's greatest leap. It does, however, demand that all activities be conducted with due regard for the corresponding interests of others. It requires consultations to prevent harmful interference. It insists upon transparency and reciprocal access. These are not mere legal technicalities. They are the moral and practical foundations upon which we can and must build responsible space governance. We do not need to rewrite the Outer Space Treaty. We need to finally live it. Distinguished delegates, the time has come to operationalize the Outer Space Treaty's principles, and the protection of humanity's lunar heritage is the perfect, powerful place to begin. For All Moon Counting stands ready to support that effort. Over the past decade, we have worked with experts from around the world to identify and document humanity's history in outer space. We have developed a registry and a 3-dimensional lunar map that can help provide the transparency, awareness, and contextual information necessary to support consultation, coordination, and due regard. These tools do not create rights or exclusions. They simply help us understand what is there, why it matters, and how future activities can proceed responsibly. Distinguished delegates, COPUAS and its subcommittees, action teams, and working groups remain the unmatched forum for international cooperation in space, the one place where peaceful exploration, global governance, and true inclusion can still be forged together. No other body is better positioned to strike the delicate balance between safeguarding our heritage and preserving the freedom of exploration that defines the outer space regime. This is not about exclusion or halting progress. It is about exercising due regard for a handful of fixed, uniquely vulnerable, and utterly irreplaceable locations. Through advance notice, genuine consultation, and careful mission planning, we do not restrict freedom. We give it structure, dignity, and wisdom. Heritage protection allocates no resources. It creates no property rights. Yet by succeeding here, we prove that consensus around shared human values is still possible, as we return to the moon. Distinguished delegates, there are bootprints on the moon. They whisper to us across the void, what once seemed impossible can become ordinary. They challenge us to remember that limits are often temporary. They remind us that exploration has always been a collective human endeavor carried forward by generations of dreamers, builders, scientists, engineers, and explorers from every corner of our world. The bootprints and the other traces of humanity's journey to space belong not only to history, but to humanity. If COPUIS can find consensus on how to protect the physical evidence of humanity's first steps beyond Earth, then COPUIS can demonstrate that as we return to the Moon, we remain capable of acting not only as nations pursuing our own ambitions, but as a community united by our shared future among the stars. I thank you for your kind attention.

Thank you. I thank the distinguished observer for All Mankind for the statement. And the next speaker on my list is the distinguished observer for International Astronomical Union.

Chair, distinguished delegates, being this the first intervention of the International Astronomical Union under the new chair, I wish to congratulate Professor Valente for— on his appointment. We are sure that under his leadership, COPUS will efficiently pursue his mission, in particular in the area of protection of the dark and quiet sky, which is a major concern of the IAU as well as of the Group of Friends for the Dark and Quiet Sky for Science and Society, which currently includes 25 COPUS delegations and 11 permanent observers. The efforts to achieve an acceptable balance between the advantage offered by the large LEO constellations and their impact on astronomical science and the pristine visibility of the night sky have yielded encouraging results. The IAU is glad to announce that last December, the European Southern Observatory joined the IAU Centre for Protection of Dark and Quiet Sky, or CPS, as an additional contributing partner. The expertise of ESO will substantially enhance the CPS's ability to achieve its goals. The IAU also notes with satisfaction the high visibility that the issue posed by the Large Constellation on Astronomy has reached in the international media. Even Pope Leo XIV, in a recent address to the Foundation of the Vatican Observatories, expressed his concern. The night sky is a treasury of beauty open to all, rich and poor alike, and in a world so painfully divided, it remains one of the last truly universal sources of joy. Tragically, even this gift is now under threat. Indeed, notwithstanding the above-mentioned progress, new challenges are posed by planned constellations whose scope and purpose substantially differ from those of communication ones and may cause interferences that are more difficult, if not impossible, to mitigate. Among these are the project of obtrusive space advertising, sunlight as a service, and orbital data center. For reason— for this reason, the IAU, while fully supporting the conference room papers, Protection of Dark and Quiet Sky for Science and Society, and Discussion on Consideration for the Authorization of large-scale satellite constellation and other novel space infrastructure presented by Chile and other member states and observers has prepared the additional conference room paper titled Protecting Dark and Quiet Skies: Obtrusive Space Lightning, presented by Chile, Slovakia, IAU, the International Academy of Astronautics, the Outer Space Institute, and the European Astronomical Society. Which discusses in detail the type of impact on astronomy by the new space projects and suggests possible actions by the COPOS member states, including, as in the case of space advertising, a total ban. The IAU urges member states to consider the practical recommendation of these CRPs seriously. Thank you for your kind attention.

Thank you. I thank the distinguished observer of AAUIAU for the statement. And we will continue our consideration on Agenda Item 5, General Exchange of Views, tomorrow morning. Distinguished delegates, I would now like to continue and hopefully suspend our consideration of Agenda Item No. 9, Space and Sustainable Development, pending the outcome of the consultation on the Space for Development Initiative. Please let me remind the 3 minutes' time for the statement.

Thank you, Mr. President.

And for the 4th speaker on my list, I give the floor to the distinguished representative of the United States.

Thank you very much, Chair. The United States is focused on getting the UN back to basics, delivering on its core mission: maintaining international peace and security. Technical bodies like COPUUS must focus on topics and issues firmly within its purview and avoid deviating into unhelpful and divisive rhetoric. As we have consistently stated at the STSC and LSC, we must avoid lengthy debates on language and concepts that serve only to divert member states' attention away from this committee's technical expertise. These diversions include the widespread reaffirmation of the 2030 Agenda, the Sustainable Development Goals, and climate change throughout the reports, which the United States and other delegations have rejected as they advance a program of soft global governance that is inconsistent with the principles of national sovereignty. We will continue to advocate for focusing COPUS on its core technical competencies. Thank you.

Thank you. I thank the distinguished representative of the United States for the statement, and the next speaker on my list Next is the distinguished representative of Germany.

Grazie, Signore Presidente. Chair, distinguished delegates, when we look at Earth from space, we see no borders. Our cooperation must reflect that unity. Space exploration and sustainable development are a joint endeavor. Space remains a source of innovation, providing significant potential to advance research and science and support the emerging space economy individually and in partnership bilaterally and multilaterally. We support inclusive and sustainable development and advocate for taking into account the needs of developing and emerging spacefaring nations within COPUS and the Artemis Accord signatory group. We strongly support the use of Earth observation data for disaster management and emergency response as a member of International Charter on Space and Major Disasters, and strong supporter of the work of UN-Spider, including its Bonn office with a focus on Africa. In February, the German Space Agency and several German space companies joined UN-Spider for a symposium in Kenya. It highlighted space-based applications, in particular from the private sector, for use in sustainable development and disaster management, and was followed by a regional charter training. At the Legal Subcommittee, Germany joined the Space for Development initiative started in 2025 by the Africa Group, Brazil, Iraq, Jordan, Mexico, Pakistan, and Panama, recently joined by the Dominican Republic and Colombia. This aligns with our commitment to advancing the peaceful, sustainable, and inclusive use of space through international dialogue among all nations. We look forward to working with you, our partners, on this timely initiative, and thank you for joining today's related side event. We cordially invite you all to actively engage in this initiative, including through contributions by member states, intergovernmental, and non-governmental actors to the gap analysis and the sharing of national experiences, needs, and best practices. Such engagement is essential for the co-development of of practical, consensual, and action-oriented outcomes that strengthen international cooperation and advance the sharing of space benefits for all. In this respect, we ask COPOS to reiterate in its report the consensus decision of A/80/20 so to continue the initiative's informal consultations under this agenda item, including the conduct of a gap analysis that contributes to matching needs with existing efforts and to developing an initial draft consensual framework for voluntary international cooperation to be presented to COPUS in 2027 for its consideration to facilitate a tangible outcome on the topic, including for a possible UNISPACE 4. We thank you, NUSA, for facilitating these endeavors within existing resources and mandates. Chair, distinguished delegates, it's not about developing or emerging nations. and experienced spacefaring nations. It is about space for the benefit of all, and to achieve this, we must cooperate, remain in dialogue, and build connecting bridges, not walls. Who knows this better than this committee? Germany looks forward to working hand in hand with all of you in this endeavor. Grazie a tutti.

Thank you so much, also for the Italian. And I thank the distinguished representative of Germany for the statement. The next speaker on my list is the distinguished observer of Asia-Pacific Space Cooperation Organization.

Mr. Chair, on behalf of Asia-Pacific Space Cooperation Organization, APSCO, I would like to congratulate you, Mr. Chair, on your election. APSCO is honored to contribute to the committee's discussions under Agenda Item 9, Space and Sustainability Development. As a regional intergovernmental organization, ABSKO supports sustainable development through 4 primary pillars. First, space science and exploration. We drive collaborative research, scientific exchanges, and educational initiatives that advance knowledge, inspire innovation, and strengthen scientific capabilities among our member states. Second, space technology development. The organization fosters technical cooperation, engineering capacity building, technology sharing. These efforts directly strengthen national capabilities and contribute to sustainable industrial development. Third, practical applications. A cornerstone of this effort is APSCO data sharing service platform DSSP. While archived data from this decommissioned satellites, including GF2, ZY2C, and ZY3, remain available, recently updated data from GF1, GF6, GF7, CBERS-4A have been successfully integrated into our network. In addition, more data from member states and the private sector will be further contributed to the platform. Utilizing these enhanced capabilities, our member states drive localized projects that translate space data into actionable solutions for disaster risk reduction, water resource management, agricultural monitoring, and climate resilience. Collectively, these initiatives directly address 11 of the UN SDGs. Fourth, human capital development. Recognizing that people are fundamental to sustainability, EBSCO invests heavily in education, training, and professional development through scholarships and academic exchanges. These efforts contribute to multiple SDGs, particularly quality education, innovation, climate action, and global partnerships. Mr. Chair, guided by ABSKO Vision 2030, we will continue to advance regional space cooperation. ABSKO remains fully committed to working alongside United Nations and international partners to ensure space activities contribute meaningfully to global prosperity. Thank you, Mr. Chair.

I thank The distinguished observer for Asia-Pacific Space Cooperation Organization for the statement. We will now suspend our consideration of item agenda number 9, Space and Sustainable Development, pending the outcome of the consultation on the Space for Development Initiative. Distinguished delegates, I would now like to begin and hopefully conclude our consideration of agenda item number 10, Spinoff Benefits of Space Technology, Review of Current Status. And the first speaker on my list is the distinguished representative of India on behalf of G77 and China.

Thank you.

Mr.

Chair, the group considers it crucial that developing countries are not left behind or unfairly disadvantaged by exploration, exploitation, and peaceful uses of outer space. The group is of the view that space technology applications must translate into concrete benefits for developing countries. In order to achieve this goal, transfer of technology on favorable terms of developing countries as well as associated capacity building are of vital importance. In this vein, the group strongly encourages states to strengthen international, multilateral, regional, and bilateral cooperation in the exploration and use of outer space for peaceful purposes, including by addressing challenges and obstacles that hinder such cooperation, particularly in developing countries. The group also underscores the importance of appropriate funding as well as mobilization of extra budgetary resources to enable UNUSA to provide sufficient support for developing countries according to their needs and priorities, including through the office capacity building programs and technical assistance.

Thank you, Chair.

Thank you. I thank the distinguished representative of India on behalf of G77 and China. For the statement, and the next speaker on my list is the distinguished representative of the Russian Federation.

Спасибо, спасибо, президент.

Thank you, Chairperson. Distinguished colleagues, good afternoon. We once again draw your attention to the situation concerning the denial by the Austrian authorities of an entry. for participation in this session of the head of our delegation, the Russian Foreign Ministry's Special Coordinator for International Cooperation on the Exploration and Use of Outer Space for Peaceful Purposes, Mr. Sergei Belousovskoy. We noted the statement by the Austrian representative this morning to the effect that information is being exchanged between the relevant Austrian and Russian authorities, we hope that this issue will be resolved. We note that the exclusively politically motivated decision harms the professional work of the committee and the Vienna Platform as a whole. We urge refraining from this approach, which undermines constructive dialogue in this multilateral body. The Russian Federation attaches great importance to using space activity outputs in addressing a variety of scientific, technical, and social and economic objectives for the benefit of humanity as a whole. A successful example here is the use of the GLONASS system, Open Access Global Continuous Radio Navigation field signals, and those of other global navigation satellite systems, to assess electronic activity in the Earth's ionosphere, and to research space weather trends, including for developing forecasting models. Our approach features comparatively low costs and round-the-clock monitoring capability at any point on the Earth's surface. Leading scientific research bodies in the Russian Federation have been successfully using the said measurements for some time now to assess the ionosphere and to model it. Moreover, GLONASS system open access global continuous radio navigation field signals and those of other systems are extremely valuable for means— for means of monitoring the interference environment.

Thank you.

Masking and imitation interference in radio frequency bands of navigation signals can impair civil aviation, water, rail, and road transport, and can cause disruption in other areas where global navigation satellite systems are used. We intend therefore to build our capacity to monitor the interference situation, including in the radio frequency bands of navigation signals so as to identify and counteract unauthorized sources of artificial interference and to ensure the early warning and protection of our population. Chair, distinguished colleagues, by way of conclusion, I'd like to say that the Russian Federation acknowledges our responsibility for preserving and fostering access to the spin-off benefits of space technology development for all users. Therefore, we actively seek to increase our contribution and the contribution of our space activities to global social and economic development. Thank you.

Thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative of the Russian Federation for his statement. And the next speaker on my list is the distinguished representative of the United Kingdom.

United Kingdom.

Chair, distinguished delegates, the United Kingdom delegation recognizes the substantial value of the spinoff benefits of space technology. Satellite services underpin approximately 18% of the UK's GDP, having a direct positive impact on people's lives every day. We view the benefits of space technology not as incidental or secondary outcomes, but as a central goal of the UK's investment in space. Technologies such as GNSS are essential to modern society, and the UK is committed to unlocking even greater value from space. While there are too many examples to mention them all, we'd like to highlight a few that demonstrate the breadth of impact of businesses using space to support people on Earth. For instance, supporting the development of applications leveraging weather and road traffic satellite data to better manage highways. Each year, over 1.3 million lives are lost in road accidents, and 5.6 billion metric tons of CO2 are emitted. Operators, often responsible for thousands of miles of road, rely on manual processes such as answering phone calls and patrolling, which are prone to delays and errors, while data from connected vehicles, navigation apps, and satellites offers real-time insights allowing for better coordination of emergency response to an incident. Equally, leveraging this data allows for predictive analysis to identify where acts to may occur, where road maintenance is needed, or where weather may have a significant impact on safety. By reducing accidents and traffic, this example serves sustainable development goals around climate and infrastructure. A further example focused on smallholder coffee growers using space data to give them access to global coffee markets, thanks to an innovative service which leverages the power of space to enable agricultural supply chains to be more ethical, sustainable, sustainable and auditable, and already has 4 of the top 20 global coffee trading organizations using their services. While supporting the SDG goal of responsible consumption and production, this also addressed a major challenge for smallholders by improving their access to European markets and enabling sellers to better demonstrate product provenance to increasingly discerning customers. The health sector is another field where space can deliver significant benefits. For instance, microgravity allows more precise drug formulation, the UK is proactively developing a regulatory framework in anticipation of space-manufactured drugs and their use. This includes guidance, regulatory sandboxes, case studies, and supply chain engagement. We're also funding a feasibility study to design a scalable in-orbit manufacturing system for crystallizing biologic cancer treatments. Together, these developments could help address major global health challenges and save lives. contributing to the Sustainable Development Goals of good health and well-being. In conclusion, the UK will continue to maximize the value of space to enrich and improve lives on Earth through the innovative use of space technology and data to address global challenges. Thank you, Chair, and distinguished delegates.

I thank the distinguished representative of the United Kingdom for the statement.

And the next speaker on my list is the distinguished representative

Chair, Chile believes that the spin-off benefits of space technology should also be appreciated for their ability to generate useful knowledge and applications on Earth. Our experience shows that a medium-sized country can contribute to space development through specialized capacity, the fact that we have a unique geography and knowledge that can be applied to environmental and social challenges. Chile has been a relevant site for the testing and validation of technologies related to extreme ecosystems such as those to be found on the Moon and other planets where there are high and low temperatures, radiation, and water shortages. We have these territories in Chile. We also have researchers who study them, scientific communities that work in such areas, and industries that can operate under these conditions. PlantSat reflects this potential. This is a mission carried out with the participation of the Chilean University, which carried out studies in low orbit to study the resistance of living organisms to conditions similar to those to be found on Mars. The main experiment used an air plant called a Tillandsia and extremophile microorganisms from the extreme regions of Chile, with possible applications for water purification, residue degradation, bioremediation, and bioprocesses for mining. We would also underscore LEMUNGE, which is the Chilean nanosatellite launched in 2024 to monitor the health of our woods and biodiversity. This technology made it possible to identify types of vegetation, water status, and photosynthetic vigor. In 2026, the results of a pilot experiment with Codelco, which is the main Chilean copper mining company, were presented to monitor biodiversity. in ecosystems. This is part of a broader national agenda. Our national space policy, which was updated in 2025, seeks to build sustainable space capacity in research and training talent. Accordingly, the National Space System recently inaugurated the National Space Center, which will build our national capacity for the next 10 years. In the same vein, we are using the offices and the clean room of the new space center which is 400 square meters, to control environmental parameters in order to calibrate and validate telescopes, sensors, and equipment that is used for space observation through a project of cooperation with national universities in order to promote our national knowledge. In the same vein, we are developing a range of projects for the benefit of various parts of the country, such as finding space solutions to apply to the agricultural and aquacultural sector in order to follow growth and development of cherry trees and salmon, respectively, in order to improve productivity and provide necessary information to producers, exporters, and food institutions. As a benefit for the national prevention system, and in order to develop our response to fires, we have been able to generate early warnings and generate risk mapping using space products to support decision-taking. To scale up these benefits, Chile welcomes the further strengthening of space innovation ecosystems and believes we should move towards common metrics in order to measure their social impact. We underscore that international cooperation and assistance are vital in order to reduce asymmetries and to make more and better space science. Thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative of Chile for the statement. And the next speaker on my list is the distinguished representative of Brazil.

Thank you, Mr. Chair. Mr. Chair, this agenda item is closely linked to one fundamental principle of the Outer Space Treaty, that the exploration and use of outer space shall be carried out for the benefit and in the interest of all countries, regardless of their level of economic and scientific development. In Brazil, Earth observation data are essential essential tools for environmental monitoring, natural resource management, and emergency response. In 2025, our National Institute for Space Research, INPE, recorded deforestation reductions of around 11% in 2 Brazilian biomes, the Amazon and the Cerrado Brazilian savanna. These results demonstrate how space-derived information can support evidence-based policymaking and contribute to environmental governance and sustainable development. Also in 2025, Brazil's National Center for Monitoring and Early Warning of Natural Disasters, SEMADEM, announced the operational launch of the GeoRisk system developed in cooperation with INPE. GeoRisk is an innovative platform that provides landslide risk forecasts for different regions of Brazil, thereby directly supporting civil and protection and disaster risk reduction policies. In addition, space technologies contribute to broader environmental and scientific applications. The SABIA-Mar Amazonia-1B mission, developed in cooperation with Argentina, expands satellite-based monitoring of data important for studies of ocean color at the regional level, representing a significant contribution to international scientific research and cooperation. Brazil has also been actively promoting dialogue on the growing contribution of the space economy to sustainable development and social progress. As part of these efforts, it will be hosted the 2nd Space Industry Workshop from 3 to 5 August in Rio de Janeiro. Rio de Janeiro, in partnership with the United Nations Office of Outer Space Affairs, UNOOSA, and the United Nations Development Programme, UNDP, bringing together government, industry, academia, and international organizations to explore emerging opportunities in the space sector. Later this year, Brazil will co-host with the Secure World Foundation the 8th Summit for Space Sustainability from 4 to November in Brasilia, marking the first time the event will take place in Latin America and the Caribbean, thereby creating an opportunity for enhanced regional participation in these discussions. Mr. Chair, the benefits stemming from space exploration are among the clearest demonstrations that investments beyond Earth can generate meaningful impacts on Earth, ensuring that these gains are broadly shared remains essential to fulfilling the vision set forth in the Outer Space Treaty and reaffirmed in the Space 2030 Agenda. Thank you.

Thank you. I thank the distinguished representative of Brazil for the statement. And the next speaker on my list is the distinguished representative of the United States.

Thank you, Chair. The United States continues to find new and innovative applications for space science and technology to our daily lives here on Earth. As part of its core mission, NASA is committed to making technology developed for space exploration available to entrepreneurs, companies, academia, and other government agencies. Each year, NASA technologies find new life through secondary uses around the globe. This year marks 50 years since NASA started tracking examples of successful commercialization in its annual spinoff publication. We have documented well over 2,000 space technologies that are improving life on Earth. NASA has invested in various technologies aimed at 3D printing shelters from materials available on the moon or Mars, pushing the entire 3D printing field forward. Printing industry to think bigger. In the latest edition of Spinoff, NASA recognizes one company who participated in our 3D-printed habitat challenge, which then built a life-size model of a proposed Martian habitat. It is now using the technology developed for this project to additively manufacture attractive, durable, affordable concrete houses, including a 100-home subdivision outside Austin, Texas. In another spinoff, more than 20 years ago, 2 NASA engineers set out to build a tiny wireless sensor that could monitor astronauts' vital signs in space, sending the data to a handheld receiver and eliminating clumsy, inconvenient wiring. A startup company licensed the technology as the starting point for an implantable device that measures pressure in the pulmonary article— artery, helping heart failure patients prevent acute episodes and avoid hospitalizations. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved the device in 2024. Lastly, Chair, NASA has long worked toward developing and utilizing robots that can perform some of the astronauts' more mundane duties, freeing them up for the science and exploration activities that are their primary mission. 2 engineers took their experience working on a NASA robot and founded a company that builds artificially intelligent humanoid robots to perform tasks on Earth. These androids, built with further NASA support, are now loading boxes in warehouses and moving materials around factories, and they could one day help astronauts maintain facilities on the Moon or Mars. These are just a few examples of the way we ensure innovations developed for space exploration are shared and benefited— benefit everyone by creating jobs, saving resources and improving lives globally. NASA and the United States' investments in space science and exploration missions directly benefit so many lives around the globe, and we look forward to continuing these efforts. Additional information about these and other spinoffs can be found at the NASA publication Spinoff 2026, which can be found online. Thank you, Chair.

I thank the distinguished representative of the United States

Thank you, Mr. President.

Thank you, Chairperson. Chairperson, distinguished delegates, Earth observation and geolocation satellite data are now a major driver of growth and development. They make a whole range of services possible and are crucial to accurate, reliable, and consistent indicators. In the context of a market and net expansion, these services address a variety of economic sectors, including the environment, climate, spatial management, e-health, agriculture, and new mobilities. In 2024, natural resources, energy, and the environment and management thereof were among the key segments for Earth observation applications. According to Global Climate Observing System, GCOSS. More than 50% of key climate variables depend on satellite data. Poor air quality alerts based on satellite data will allow millions of euros to be saved in hospitalization costs between now and 2035. At the national level, France has launched an investment program known as France 2030 in 2021. Its space section is focused on development of innovative data and services through enhanced use of space data. Following a call for expressions of interest, almost 180 needs were expressed by more than 120 public sector bodies in areas such as flood and forest fire risk management, water resource management, air quality monitoring, nighttime visibility versus light pollution, and detecting urban heat islands. So as to meet these needs, several projects that use space in the public interest have been launched against this backdrop. In September, we will host in Paris an international space summit that will bring together the global space community in all its diversity. So heads of state and government, private and public actors, civil society, and the community— the academic academia. Globally, the space sector is undergoing a period of profound strategic transformation, technical rupture, and economic upheaval. Space is just as much a lever of competition as a strategic tool for the— at the service of public policy and scientific and economic activity. Space transcends sector-based dynamics and in a pre— unprecedented and vast manner feeds into all aspects of human activity. The space sector combines understanding of our planet and technological and human achievement. The summit will be hosted by the President of France. Its purpose is to construct collective responses to the key challenges that our societies face and that future generations will face too.

Thank you.

Thank you. I thank the distinguished representative of France for the statement. And the next speaker on my list is the distinguished representative of Ecuador.

Good afternoon, all delegations and Chair. Ecuador believes that space spin-off benefits of space technology are one of the most valuable tools to promote sustainable development, to reduce information gaps, and to build capacity of states to meet the economic, social, and environmental challenges of the 21st century. For developing countries such as Ecuador, space technologies provide a strategic opportunity to build a sustainable space ecosystem. Access to reliable geospatial information allows us to better understand the dynamics of our territories, to optimize the management of public resources, and to support policies for the well-being of our communities. In turn, space applications contribute significantly to risk and emergency management by facilitating the monitoring of natural phenomena and generating early warning systems and assessing the impacts caused by adverse events. This capacity further strengthens the resilience of our populations and contributes to the protection of human lives and of critical infrastructure. Chair, spin-off benefits of space technology should not be restricted to those countries that have advanced capacity in space development. It is fundamental to promote mechanisms that will guarantee equitable access to information, to capacity building, to knowledge transfer, and to international cooperation in a way so that all states can participate and benefit from the scientific and technological progress derived from space activity. In this regard, Ecuador acknowledges and prizes the role played by the United Nations the Office of the United Nations for Outer Space Affairs, and the various mechanisms for international cooperation in the democratization of access to space applications and in capacity building among developing countries. Finally, we restate that the spin-off benefits of space technology must serve sustainable development, the reduction of inequalities, environmental protection, and improving the quality of life of persons, thus contributing to the Sustainable Development Goals and to the Space Agenda 2030. Thank you very much.

I thank the distinguished representative of Ecuador for the statement. And the next speaker on my list is the distinguished representative

Thank you very much, Chair.

Panama aligns itself with the statement of the G77 and China and makes the following observations nationally.

Under this agenda item, we underscore a central idea, namely that the spin-off benefits of space technology are not marginal.

They are tangible evidence that investing Investing in science innovation and exploration can lead to useful solutions for society on Earth. International experience shows us that space technologies generate tangible benefits for Earth. The NASA Spinoff Program since 1976 has recorded nearly 2,400 examples of technologies derived from space investments. That have led to commercial products and services. In the same vein, the European Space Agency promotes the transfer of space technologies towards non-space applications, including sectors such as safety, water treatment, energy, manufacturing, health, and robotics. These examples show that space technology doesn't just end in orbit. It can equally contribute to sustainable development, productive innovation, and to strengthening essential services. Many of these benefits are already part of everyday life. Location systems, navigation make it possible to synchronize telecommunications networks, financial systems, electrical networks, maritime transport, aviation, logistics, and emergency services. Most citizens are not aware of the space infrastructure, but use it every day. For Panama, a country of global connectivity, of maritime transit, logistics services, and international trade, this dimension is of particular relevance. Space technology enables us to optimize routes, to improve the safety and security of operations, to strengthen supply chains, to support digital services, and enhance the efficiency of critical infrastructure. However, The challenge does not lie in producing space innovation on its own. The challenge is transferring the innovation, adapting it, and converting it to national capacity. Not all countries need to be able to build a launch vehicle in order to benefit from space, but all require capacity in order to absorb technology, to train talent, to develop local applications, and participate in more sophisticated value chains. Therefore, it is fundamental that we close the gap between technology transfer. Space technology spin-off benefits should not be concentrated only in those states which have the largest budgets, patents, or industrial ecosystems. Rather, we must open up real opportunities for developing countries by providing access to knowledge, providing technical training, building partnerships with universities, as well as cooperating with the private sector and financing mechanisms. We encourage UNOSA and the member states of COPUOS and of space agencies with greater experience to strengthen programs for technological transfer, providing specialized training and solutions that are applicable to national contexts based on initiatives— multilateral initiatives such as UN-Spider, Access to Space for All, and Kibo Cube, as well as frameworks for cooperation that will promote transparency, interoperability, mutual assistance, and the open dissemination of scientific data, including the Artemis agreements and other international initiatives geared towards broadening the participation of countries with emerging space capacity. To conclude, space technology will attain its utmost value when it is no longer seen as an isolated achievement, but rather becomes health, safety, productivity, connectivity, and better services for persons.

Thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative of Panama for the statement. And the last speaker on my list is the distinguished representative of Nigeria.

Mr. Chair, distinguished delegates, the Federal Republic of Nigeria recognizes that the spin-off benefits of space technology constitute a critical pathway through which investments in space science and technology generate broader socioeconomic economic values on Earth. For emerging space nations, innovations in space research are essential in ensuring that space activities deliver measurable returns beyond their immediate scientific and operational objectives. In this regard, National Space Research and Development Agency, NASA, continues to support the identification, adaptation, and implementation of space-derived technologies for terrestrial use in support of national scientific and socioeconomic development. Nigeria highlights the role of NASA in advancing materials research and processing techniques originally developed for aerospace applications. These innovations are increasingly informing development in lightweight materials, structural engineering applications, and sustainable manufacturing processes within terrestrial industries. Mr. Chair, Nigeria notes that spin-off benefits of space technology are increasingly evident in areas such as remote sensing analytics, environmental monitoring systems, computational modeling, and sensor-based technologies, all of which are contributing to improve efficiency in data-driven decision-making across multiple sectors. Nigeria has made giant strides in developing this spinoff products. Third Eye Navigator for visually impaired— this is an assistive technology that combines voice guidance, location tracking, and health monitoring. GPS-enabled smart shoe incorporating embedded technologies to support real-time location tracking for security personnel and vulnerable individuals. Autonomous drone systems, modular satellite for training platform, low-cost optical telescopes, advanced materials research translated into practical industrial applications through environmentally friendly graphene production techniques for sustainable industrial development, livestock herd tracker, deployment of the environmental pollution and soil monitoring station, and finally the Astronaut Food Project. This development has successfully been tested with nutrient-dense energy bars. Mr. Chair, Nigeria also acknowledges the relevance of space-based data in supporting public health, environmental risk assessment, and resource monitoring systems, thereby strengthening national capacity for scientific response planning. In conclusion, Nigeria further emphasizes the the importance of strengthening collaboration between research institutions, academia, and industry stakeholders to facilitate the transfer of space-enabled technologies into scalable and economically viable solutions. I thank you, Mr. Chair, and distinguished delegates.

I thank the distinguished representative of Nigeria for the statement. So, distinguished delegates, We have concluded our consideration of agenda item number 10, Spin-off Benefits of Space Technology, Review of Current Status. And I would now like to begin and hopefully conclude our consideration of agenda item number 11, Space and Water. And the first speaker on my list He's the distinguished representative of Colombia.

Gracias, señor.

Thank you, Chair.

The Republic of Colombia recognizes that access to clean water, the rational use of clean water, and its sustainable management are fundamental pillars in attaining the Sustainable Development Goals, in particular SDG 6. In a global context, where water increasingly has become a vulnerable strategic resource, space technologies provide tangible solutions to preserve and manage this vital asset. Colombia recognizes the value of space technologies in preparing for phenomena such as droughts, floods, and pollution of bodies of water, as well as in the preservation and monitoring of strategic ecosystems linked to the water cycle, including glaciers, highlands, wetlands, tropical forests, and marine coastal ecosystems. In this regard, we underscore the transformative potential of space applications for water security and climate security in regions of high biodiversity such as South America. Chair, Colombia is recognized for its wealth of biodiversity and its abundant water resources. Yet we face significant challenges in water management and in climate change adaptation. These challenges do not only have environmental implications but equally can give rise to deep socioeconomic changes for the population. Water as a civil right and a universal resource is central to our national policy, Colombia Global Power of Life, where water is the linchpin of our territorial management and of environmental and social justice. Accordingly, outer space has become a strategic means providing crucial tools for the observation and management of our water resources and in order to monitor the impact of climate change in order to derive necessary benefits for the well-being of our people. Chair, Colombia supports the further strengthening of mechanisms that will promote open, timely, and interoperable access to Earth observation data for the sustainable management of water. We therefore invite all states with consolidated space capacity to share data and to promote joint initiatives to enable all countries, regardless of their level of development, to access these technologies. It is only through international cooperation, solidarity, and shared benefits that we will be able to ensure that water remains a human right and not a privilege for present and future generations. Finally, Colombia would like to suggest that the Office of Outer Space Affairs continues to compile information related to access to space technology and applications, as well as the measurement of indicators, in order to design strategies that will promote closing the divide between developed and developing countries. Thank you.

Thanks for the statement to the distinguished representative of Colombia. And the next speaker on my list is the distinguished representative of the United Kingdom.

Thank you, Chair, distinguished delegates. The United Kingdom is pleased to highlight the important role that space-based technologies play in supporting the sustainable management of water resources. We are proud to contribute to the development and application of space-enabled tools that monitor and help manage our lakes, rivers, and oceans. As an island nation, the UK places particular importance on the health of our marine and coastal environments. UK institutions, including Plymouth Marine Laboratory, are using satellite data to deepen our understanding of ocean health, water quality, and ecosystem change, supporting decision-making both at home and internationally. We also recognize the value of international missions and partnerships. The UK's participation in missions such as the Surface Water and Ocean Topography Mission enhances our ability to monitor global water bodies at unprecedented resolution, providing new insights into freshwater resources flood dynamics, and ocean circulation. In November, we saw the launch of the HydroGNSS, the first of ESA's Scout missions. The mission was designed and built in the UK by Surrey Satellite Technology Limited. After a successful launch of 2 satellites, HydroGNSS is undergoing commissioning towards delivering new capabilities in environmental monitoring and climate science. Specifically, HydroGNSS will measure 4 essential climate variables: soil moisture, wetlands, freeze-thaw states, and above-ground biomass, with a stretch goal of measuring sea winds and ice. These missions are helping improve the observation of Earth's water cycle, providing data that informs decision-making across sectors, particularly in floods and droughts, including water management, agriculture, and energy. The Copernicus Marine Service provides essential data and products to support coastal management, maritime safety, and climate resilience. The UK's contribution to this service continues to strengthen, with our Met Office now generating and providing critical ocean modeling and forecasting outputs for the Northwest Self region. The UK also welcomed the launch of Sentinel-6B last year, which will extend the trusted 30-plus-year satellite altimetry record underpinning measurements of sea level rise and ocean heat. The importance of collaboration is also reflected in the UK's support for the Space for Ocean Alliance, established at last year's UN Ocean Conference. Through this initiative, we are working with international partners to accelerate the use of space-based data in support of ocean conservation and sustainable use. We are also supporting the work being undertaken in this area by the Committee on Earth Observation Satellites, which under NASA's Strategic Implementation Team chairship is advancing water quality monitoring through coordinated actions. CEOS initiatives are strengthening the global capacity to monitor water bodies consistently, enabling improved tracking of pollution and ecosystem health, and supporting the development of datasets that are useful, usable, and used. At a national level, the UK is investing in programs that turn satellite data into practical tools for water management organizations and public bodies. Through the UK Space Agency's Unlocking Space for Government program, we are developing capabilities to monitor harmful algal blooms, combining satellite and in situ data to support timely, practical action. In parallel, through the Climate Services Call, we are supporting the use of Earth observation to monitor and protect vital coastal ecosystems such as seagrass meadows, enabling improved mapping at scale and providing the consistent data needed to inform conservation, restoration, and sustainable management. Thank you, Chair.

I thank the distinguished representative of the United Kingdom for his statement, and the next speaker on my list is the distinguished representative of Chile.

Señor Presidente.

Chair, Earth observation allows for a more accurate management of water resources in a time of climate change. Its contribution depends on available space based data that are interoperable and useful for the institutions taking decisions in our territory. Without these conditions, the technological gap leads to lesser capacity to anticipate environmental risks and to respond accordingly. For Chile, this discussion has a direct application to the ocean environment. Our country has sustained active commitments to marine conservation as 54% of our exclusive economic zone is under environmental protection. This requires satellite monitoring, exchange of scientific data and evidence. Accordingly, we welcome the Space for Ocean initiative as a useful tool to reduce the fragmentation of information and to support marine protection. Earth observation capacity is a strategic tool for the management and protection of marine ecosystems. Given Given the relevance of the protected marine areas of Chile and the need to strengthen mechanisms for preservation and conservation of our biodiversity, it is fundamental that we support studies that use satellite information in order to ensure continuous monitoring of these zones and to identify critical areas for the breeding of species, which will contribute to decisions that are based on evidence for appropriate management and protection. We also are facing ongoing water pressure. We have recorded 19 consecutive years of drought, which has a direct impact on the quality of life of communities, of ecosystems, and on productive activity. Among the activities undertaken by the recently established National Space Center is the development of an Earth observation satellite, which will strengthen existing mechanisms such as the Drought Monitor. It is equally carrying out a project on national aquaculture focusing on salmon farming whereby using remote sensing and artificial intelligence it will be possible to ensure the continuous monitoring of harmful algal bloom which affect the development and productivity of this sector. A 3rd key aspect for a country are freshwater reservoirs. Chile holds nearly 80% of glaciers identified in South America. Preparatory studies for COP25 estimate a loss of nearly 2,000 square kilometers of glacial mass. Extending the national network for monitoring glaciers, which was announced in 2025 with an investment of 11.5 million pesos, will allow us to further strengthen the monitoring of these freshwater reservoirs and to have more accurate data for water management. We prize the possibility of replicating These experiences for regional cooperation, and accordingly, we stand ready to contribute by providing satellite imagery and technical assistance for cooperation initiatives in order to tackle water emergencies. Thank you very much.

I thank the distinguished representative of Chile for the statement, and the next speaker on my list is the distinguished representative of the Republic of Korea.

Mr.

Chair, the Republic of Korea is actively expanding the development of integrated applications that combine satellite data with AI-based analytical technologies, focusing particularly on water resources, water-related disasters, and marine environment monitoring. In the area of water resources and disaster management, Korea is advancing research on application technologies for the next-generation medium-sized satellite 5, scheduled scheduled for launch in 2027. This satellite mission will significantly enhance water resource monitoring and management. Furthermore, we are strengthening our capabilities to respond to floods and droughts by developing advanced analytical systems and satellite image-based monitoring technologies for engaged watersheds. Regarding marine environment monitoring, Korea utilizes multi-satellite data including information from the geostationary Ocean Color Imager-2 aboard the GeoComSat-2B satellite. These assets allow us to monitor long-term changes in the marine environment and ecosystems surrounding the Korean Peninsula, thereby supporting critical responses to marine disasters and climate change. In particular, Korea produces and provides the sea surface temperature information for coastal and nearby waters around the Korean Peninsula. We are also developing AI-based sea surface temperature prediction technologies alongside tools to detect ecosystem changes in areas affected by rising sea temperatures. Building upon these accumulated satellite data, Korea published a comprehensive report in 2026 entitled Analysis of Marine Environmental Changes Using Satellite Data, which examines sea surface temperature shifts in East Asia and their ecological impacts. Additionally, my delegation is pleased to share that Korea plans to utilize the ultra, ultra-small satellites BusanSat-A and BusanSat-B launched on May 3rd, 2026, to acquire marine spatial information and marine fine dust observation data, further bolstering our marine environmental monitoring and climate change response. In conclusion, the Republic of Korea remains committed to strengthening disaster response and sustainable management capacities through the convergence of satellite, AI, and digital platform technologies. We look forward to continuing our contribution to international cooperation in space-based water management and marine environmental response for the benefit of the global community.

Thank you, Chair.

Thank you. I thank the distinguished representative of the Republic of Korea for the statement. The next speaker on my list is the distinguished representative of Brazil.

Thank you, Chair. Outer space offers a privileged vantage point from which we can monitor and protect oceans and freshwater systems, an issue of particular importance to Brazil. Brazil holds around 12% of the world's available surface freshwater, and the Amazon River alone carries into the Atlantic every second the equivalent of roughly 88 Olympic-sized swimming pools. This abundance, however, is unevenly distributed. Regional water management is therefore essential for public health, food security, agriculture, energy, industry, ecosystems, and community resilience. Brazil also holds more than 7,000 kilometers of coastline and a Blue Amazon of almost 6 million square kilometers. Space-based observation is indispensable for monitoring our coastal zones, water quality, ocean dynamics, marine activities, as well as extreme events and climate change. This agenda must also be guided by the principles of the Outer Space Treaty, including international cooperation and the use of outer space for the benefit and in the interests of all countries, particularly developing countries. In this context, Brazil is proud of the SABMR mission, a strategic binational project with Argentina. It combines 2 complementary satellites, SABMR-A, led by Argentina, and SABMR-B, developed by Brazil and scheduled for launch in 2027 as part of the Aqua program dedicated to water and hydric resources observation. Another example is the Blue Horizons webinar jointly held by Brazil and the Philippines in August 2025, which enabled the sharing of experiences on the use of space-based technologies to protect mangroves, estuaries, and coral reefs. Brazil has also been active in multilateral cooperation. We are part of the Space for Ocean Alliance, mentioned by some delegations, launched at the 3rd United Nations Ocean Conference. Rio de Janeiro will host the South America Water from Space Conference this November, as well as the 2027 Ocean Decade Conference next April. Lastly, Brazil wishes to emphasize the importance of space applications for our National Center for Monitoring and Early Warning of Natural Disasters, CEMADEM. The center uses satellite information to monitor precipitation, droughts, and hydrological conditions, supporting risk alerts and mitigation efforts in vulnerable areas. Ensuring continuous and free access to this type of data is fundamental for countries to provide support services to their populations.

Mr.

Chair, this point bears repeating. Countries that most need free and continuous access to this data are often developing countries. which are also more vulnerable to disasters and more dependent on effective water management. Expanding open data policies helps ensure that the benefits of space activities are truly shared by all. Thank you.

I thank for the statement the distinguished representative of Brazil. Next speaker is the distinguished delegate of Netherlands.

Thank you, Mr. Chairman.

Mr.

Chair, distinguished delegates, as a delta country situated largely below sea level, the Netherlands is acutely aware of the importance of water. Water supports our societies and economies, but it also presents significant challenges in the context of climate change and extreme weather events. The Netherlands regards space-based data and services as indispensable tools for effective and integrated water management. Earth observation provides valuable information for addressing challenges such as drought, salinization, flooding, and water quality, and supports informed decision-making at all levels. We see water as one of the areas where space technologies can generate clear societal benefits. For that reason, the Netherlands continues to invest in space-based capabilities that support water monitoring, forecasting, and management. Satellite data are increasingly used to strengthen resilience against extreme water events. They support the monitoring and management of critical water infrastructure, including dikes, storm surge barriers, and pumping stations. By combining Earth observation with real-time measurements, digital models, and AI applications, we aim to improve forecasting capabilities and early warning systems. In a densely populated country such as the Netherlands, water safety and water quality go hand in hand. Space-based data contribute to protecting ecosystems, safeguarding public health, and supporting effective implementation of environmental policies. International cooperation remains essential. The Netherlands actively contributes to European initiatives such as Copernicus and supports international efforts to develop satellite-based services for sustainable water management and climate resilience. We strongly value collaboration between governments, research institutions, and industry. Our experiments— our experience shows that the most effective solutions emerge when public authorities, knowledge institutions, and private actors work together. We therefore continue to support partnerships that translate space-based information into practical water-related services. We also recognize the importance of improving data accessibility, capacity building, and user engagement particularly in regions facing acute water-related challenges. Mr. Chair, water security is fundamental to sustainable development and societal resilience. The Netherlands remains committed to advancing innovative space-based solutions and international cooperation to support sustainable water management, both domestically and globally. Thank you, Mr. Chair.

Thank you. I thank the distinguished representative of the Netherlands for the statement. Next speaker is the distinguished representative of Venezuela.

Señor Presidente. Chair, our delegation is pleased to share with the committee the progress achieved by the Bolivarian Agency for Space Activities as a stakeholder participating in the Space for Water project, which is an initiative from promoted by UNOSA. We firmly believe that this participation reflects Venezuela's commitment to peaceful international cooperation and to the use of space technologies to tackle critical challenges related to water and the environment. In this regard, the National Space Agency is still implementing a research project entitled Detecting Changes in Land Coverage by Using Remote Sensing Data on Priority River Basins in Venezuela. Here we use satellite images and advanced remote sensing techniques in order to monitor changes in ground coverages, including deforestation, urbanization, and ecosystem degradation in strategic water areas. Chair, we would highlight the strategic value of this research given that the selected river basin areas are crucial for human water use in Venezuela. Accurate monitoring of changes in ground coverage makes it possible to identify early threats to the availability, quality, and regulation of fresh water, a vital resource for health, agriculture, and the food security of our people. Using the data obtained through space remote sensing, we are developing up-to-date maps of changes in these priority river basins, demonstrating how a loss in vegetation, unplanned agricultural expansion, and forest fires have a direct impact on surface and groundwater bodies in order to enable national authorities to take scientific-based decisions to protect water resources. Chair, cooperation initiatives such as the Space for Water project under UNOSA are vital in order to develop a platform to show that joint efforts among nations and space agencies can promote scientific development for humankind. These types of research enable states to accurately assess dynamics on the ground to support informed decision-taking and to make valuable contributions to international cooperation. In so doing, we can consolidate the strategic role of space technologies for sustainable management of natural resources and climate change adaptation. Our delegation therefore calls for further efforts to strengthen multilateral mechanisms by replicating the approach of monitoring river basin— monitoring to other regions of the world and restates our readiness to share the results obtained for common good. Thank you.

Thanks to the distinguished representative of Venezuela for the statement. Next speaker is distinguished representative of Pakistan.

Thank you, Chair. The global freshwater crisis is one of the most pressing challenges of our time, with over 2 billion people living in water-stressed regions. Climate change is severely Disrupting traditional weather patterns and accelerating groundwater depletion. Chair, Pakistan's vulnerability to climate change and related disaster is becoming acute over the period of time. Ranked 14th among the world's most water-stressed countries, our per capita water availability has plummeted below the absolute scarcity threshold to just 908 cubic meters today. Furthermore, our northern glaciers with which feed the Indus River system and support 90% of our agriculture are retreating at alarming rates due to rising temperatures. Consequently, recurring floods have become a devastating manifestation of the climate crisis in Pakistan. Between 2021 and 2025, Pakistan cumulatively suffered economic losses exceeding $35 billion. Water security challenges in Pakistan could intensify in the near future due to the violation of the Indus Water Treaty by one of the parties that, by planning to construct water-holding and storage structures not permissible by the treaty, is denying Pakistan its due share. This is threatening to the lives and livelihoods of tens of millions of people. The treaty provides for the sharing of flood data, an obligation that is not being fulfilled. It is therefore important to benefit from space technology to collect data on the capacity of reservoirs located upstream to assess the capacity of lower riparian to absorb floods and be prepared for it accordingly. Additionally, the inflows into and outflows from the reservoirs are also required to be known through space technology so that response can be configured in real to know— in real to near real time. Space technology is also beneficial to monitor the implementation of activities such as cropped area in the Upper Iberian to ensure that the permitted limits under the treaty are not exceeded. Chair, our national space policy prioritizes satellite remote sensing for water management through measures including mapping national glacier inventory, real-time hydrological monitoring, mapping prospective dams and water storage sites, and monitoring transboundary water flows. I thank you, Chair.

Thanks to the distinguished representative of Pakistan for the statement. Next speaker is distinguished representative of Slovenia.

Thank you, Mr. Chair, distinguished delegates. The right to safe drinking water is enshrined in the Constitution of the Republic of Slovenia, reflecting our firm commitment to the protection, sustainable management, and equitable use of water resources. This constitutional recognition underscores our conviction that water is not only a vital natural resource but also a cornerstone of human well-being, sustainable development, and peace. In the face of climate change, space technologies have become, become indispensable tools for informed decision-making and resilience building. Earth observation capabilities play a critical role in monitoring water resources, tracking environmental and meteorological developments, supporting disaster risk management, and safeguarding biodiversity. These technologies provide essential data that enable governments and communities to respond more effectively to emerging challenges. Slovenia is also proud to contribute internationally through partnerships that address practical water-related challenges. Slovenian industry and experts are actively engaged in projects across India and the African and continent, helping to develop innovative and sustainable solutions tailored to local needs. We remain committed to working closely with neighboring countries, regional partners, and the wider international community to promote water diplomacy, innovation, and climate resilience. We firmly believe that international cooperation, supported by scientific knowledge and technological innovation, is essential to ensuring sustainable water management for present and future generations. As a testament to our commitment to water diplomacy, Slovenia currently holds the presidency of the Convention on the Protection and Use of Transboundary Watercourses and International Lakes for the period ending in December 2027. Mr. Chair, I would like to take this opportunity to invite all delegates to a side event co-organized with the European Space Policy Institute, which will take place this evening at the ESP premises beginning at 6:30 PM. The event will bring together distinguished speakers and serve as a platform for policy exchange on the role of space-based solutions in advancing water policy objectives under the Space for Water agenda. Mr. Chair, distinguished delegates, thank you for your attention. Slovenia looks forward to working with all partners to advance sustainable water management, strengthen international cooperation, and contribute to a water-secure future for all.

Thanks. Thank you to the distinguished representative of Slovenia for the statement. Next speaker is the distinguished representative of the United States.

Thank you, Chair. The US delegation is pleased to provide a statement on US efforts related to the use of space-derived data to improve water management. Critical decisions in water resources management are dependent on data accessible and actionable data. That is why the United States is making significant investments in the collection of water-related Earth observations and enabling access to and utilization of that data. The United States leverages the investments of space-based remote sensing for national and global applications and works with international partners to explore and understand the Earth system, make new discoveries, and enable solutions for the benefit of all. One of our recent examples is NASA's cooperation with the Indian Space Research Organization with the NASA-ISRO SAR, NISAR mission. Launched in July 2025, NISAR is now measuring Earth's changing ecosystems, dynamic surfaces, and ice masses, providing unprecedented data on biomass, natural hazards, sea level, and groundwater storage. Using observations from satellites and instruments on the International Space Station, space-based missions help us to understand our planet's interconnected systems from a global scale down to minute processes. Earth observations from NASA, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and other agency satellites and instruments provide critical information on water quantity and quality for terrestrial and coastal water resource management. Chair, the Surface Water Ocean Topography, SWOT, mission A NASA partnership with the French, Canadian, and United Kingdom space agencies establishes the first-ever global survey of Earth's surface water. These measurements are key to understanding surface water availability and in preparing for important, important water-related hazards such as floods, droughts, and tsunamis. However, this volume of data cannot bear fruit without the ability to access and use the information for action. This is why NASA is committed to building an open scientific community, sharing software, data, and knowledge to accelerate scientific research and understanding for the benefit of all. To this end, the United States appreciates the work of the UN Office of Outer Space Affairs in this area, promoting the use of space-based technology for increased access to water data. Thank you, Chair.

Thanks to the distinguished representative of the United States. For the statement, next speaker is the distinguished representative of Mexico.

Muchas gracias.

Thank you very much, Chair. Chair, distinguished delegates, the National Water Commission in Mexico is the entity tasked with managing, controlling, protecting and regulating water in our country. Mexico, through this commission, has promoted the use of space technology as a key component in ensuring the management and administration of water, in particular providing information generated through remote sensing as a tool used for the analysis and evaluation of various activities, such as the use of satellite imagery, which provides significant benefits which we shall proceed to detail. In terms of water studies, satellite imagery data is used in order to estimate average availability of surface water in the river basins of Mexico, where we are able to monitor the seasonability and annual variability as a result of precipitation or evaporation in water bodies. In the same vein, the use of this information makes it possible to identify changes in land use and in weather in order to estimate the physiographic features of river basins. In the same vein, satellite imagery supplements topobathymetric studies that are carried out at dams or catchment areas comparing changes in volume or surfaces— areas of water in specific periods of time. This enables remote monitoring of any changes in land use near water bodies, which can have an impact on the storage of water in reservoirs. Furthermore, the use of satellite imagery has made it possible to identify variations in runoff and in sedimentation from significant watercourses in Mexico, as well as changes in sedimentation in coastal areas, in the circuits of marine currents, and in those areas that are recipients of residual runoff. A key example of the benefits of space technology for water is the study of viability in order to determine irrigation needs by using space technology in order to predict water demands. This is carried out in the state of Aguascalientes. This study is carried out jointly between the National Water Commission, the National meteorological entity, the Space National Agency in Mexico, using the input from the digital communication sector, as well as with the European Space Agency. The aim is to provide solutions in order to assess water stress, moisture levels of soil, as well as the need to develop a methodology that can be used in order to calculate transpiration, effective temperature, and to determine water needs By calculating soil moisture indicators, status of vegetation related to stress or excess of water.

Thank you.

Thanks to the distinguished representative of Mexico for the statement. Next speakers, distinguished representative of France.

Merci, Monsieur le Président. Thank you, Chairperson. Chairperson, distinguished delegates. With a view to preserving the world's oceans in a sustainable and responsible way, France has launched the Space for Ocean Alliance in June 2025 during the 3rd UN Conference on the Ocean in Nice. The Alliance now has 31 permanent members representing 19 countries and 6 international organizations. It also has 5 observers. The Alliance held its, uh, second— one of its 2 annual steering committee meetings on the sidelines of this meeting of COPROS on June 11th. A ceremony was organized to mark the handing over of the secretariat from CNES to UNOOSA. We would like to thank Madame Arti Holomaini, Director of UNOOSA, Mr. Madine Masih, President of the Maldives Space Research Organization, MSRO, and Mr. Eric Banel, Maritime Affairs, Fisheries, and Agriculture Director at our Ministry of the Marine for their outstanding commitment and engagement. We also would like to thank or congratulate Mr. Madine Massi, appointed as Chair of the Alliance alongside the Norwegian Space Agency acting as Co-Chair. The Space Summit to take place in Paris in September will be an opportunity to formalize the accessions of space agencies and national entities joining the Alliance, whose mandate is especially relevant to our oceans, particularly for developing countries and small island states. Delegations are also invited to participate in the 3rd edition of the Space for Island Nations Conference to be organized in the Maldives in October, on the sidelines of which the Space for Ocean Alliance will hold its 2nd steering committee meeting. Chair France and its space agency CNES conducts numerous missions and programs in close collaboration with our international partners. notably in the framework of the Mercator Ocean International program. The latter organization already develops multiple ocean forecasting models which feed into the Copernicus Marine Service, CMEMS, operated by Mercator Ocean International for the EU as a European digital representation of the ocean. More broadly, CNES is actively involved in the elaboration of the One Water Vision, using space solutions to address the water crisis, as well as implementing the UNESCO World Water Quality Portal. Chair, as we approach the first Ocean COP in January 2027, France reiterates at the highest level its determination to treat the oceans as a priority and encourages international cooperation for ocean sustainability and water management. Thank you.

Thanks to the distinguished representative of France for the statement. Next speaker, distinguished representative of Ecuador.

Good afternoon and thank you very much, Chair. Space technologies play a fundamental role in providing timely and reliable information for monitoring water resources, managing river basins, monitoring sensitive ecosystems, and planning adaptation measures to extreme climate events. For countries of mega-diversity such as Ecuador, where water availability and distribution is closely linked to the dynamic of the Andean, Amazonian, coastal, and island ecosystems, space systems using meteorological sensors are a strategic tool in allowing us to better understand the behavior of water resources and thus becoming a fundamental factor in decision-taking. Accordingly, the information we obtain by using specialized satellite systems enables us to further strengthen early warning systems for floods, droughts, landslides, and other events that have a direct impact on our communities and on productive activity. These capacities contribute not only to protecting human lives, but equally to food security, to environmental management, and to sustainable economic development. Chair, Ecuador believes that timely access to geospatial data and to Earth observation technologies is fundamental in order to strengthen our national water management capacity. And therefore, we highlight the need for international cooperation, exchange of information, knowledge transfer, and for building technical capacity to enable all states to benefit from space applications related to the sustainable management of water resources. And thus, we acknowledge the invaluable work carried out by the United Nations and its specialized entities in promoting the use of space technologies to support efforts to meet the Sustainable Development Goals, in particular those that are related to access to water, resilience to climate change, and the protection of ecosystems. Finally, we restate that integrating space technology into water resource management is a key tool to tackle present and future challenges related to water, thus contributing to building more aware societies that are sustainable and prepared for the impact of climate change.

Thanks to the distinguished representative of Ecuador for the statement. Distinguished representative of India.

Thank you, Chair and distinguished delegates. India has successfully developed and operationalized multiple space applications for water resource management in collaboration with nodal agencies in the country. Chair, space inputs have been enabled for glacial lake monitoring and glacial lakes outburst floods in Towards glacial risk mitigation, addressing safety of life, property, and infrastructure, development of glacial early warning system has also been accomplished for selected glacial lakes in the catchment areas of hydropower projects in the Himalayan regions. Chair, an aquifer sustainability management system has been developed to address groundwater stress in urban and peri-urban regions. Village-level groundwater sustainability assessment and aquifer management plans are also developed by integrating satellite data, geomorphology, geophysical investigations, and groundwater monitoring. Studies on coastal aquifer vulnerability to excess salinity ingress and progressing. Chia, India is prone to hydrometeorological disasters such as floods and cyclones. The spatial flood early warning system systems for 2 major Indian river basins are run operationally since 2025 monsoon. These early warning systems provide spatial flood alerts with 2-day lead time. During 2025, major floods in 24 states in India were addressed and flood inundation maps were disseminated to the concerned agencies for timely response. Chair, a soil moisture retrieval algorithm developed using the L and S-band data from NISAR satellite will generate soil moisture products at 100-meter resolution twice every 12 days. This data is disseminated to the users benefiting agriculture and water resource management applications. The water body information system developed on Bhuvan Geoportal has functionalities like water spread meter, elevation area capacity curve generation, and regional analytics. It is all— it also provides periodic surface water spread information of water bodies of greater than 1 hectare area in the country. An urban water body information system has also been developed to assess the long-term changes of select urban water bodies in 434 cities for required regeneration interventions. Chair, India is happy to share its expertise with member nations on the use of space technology towards conservation, management, and sustainable utilization of water resources. Thank you, Chair, and distinguished delegates, for your kind attention.

Thanks to the distinguished representative of India for the statement. Next, distinguished representative of Uzbekistan. Not present. Let's go ahead. So next, the distinguished representative of South Africa.

Chair, South Africa remains committed to developing innovative solutions that strengthen water governance and support the sustainable management of our water resources. Through the Department of Science, Technology and Innovation, and implemented by the South African National Space Agency, we are investing in Earth observation-based decision support tools to address critical national priorities, including water resource management. This initiative forms part of a broader space technology program that emerged from a comprehensive assessment of South Africa's space capabilities and their role in supporting development, climate resilience, and water security. It gives me great pleasure to report that South Africa has successfully developed a water monitoring tool that supports both water quantity and water quality assessments. The system provides accessible national statistics on the extent and estimated volume of water resources on a monthly basis. At the same time, it monitors key water quality indicators such as your chlorophyll and turbidity, also related parameters. This capability enables the identification of pollution hotspots across our water reservoirs at the national scale and provides decision makers with timely, reliable information for effective planning and management. Most importantly, the tool helps to bridge the gap in the availability and accessibility of high-quality Earth observation products and services needed for sustainable water resource management. While currently focused on addressing South Africa's national priorities, our long-term vision is to expand this application across African continent and contribute to global efforts aimed at enhancing water security and climate resilience, because we recognize water as the lifeblood of sustainable development, and safeguarding it requires innovation. It requires foresight and collective action. As I conclude, Chair, I would like to emphasize the fact that Through this strategic application of space technology and Earth observation, South Africa is not only advancing its national water governance objectives under the National Water Act, under the National Water Resource Strategy, and the National Water Security Framework as our elemental prescripts, but also we contribute directly to the achievement of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, particularly Goal Thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative of South Africa for the statement. And the last speaker on my list is the distinguished observer for Prince Sultan bin Abdulaziz International Prize for Water.

It is my honor to present at this meeting the official announcement of the 12th award winners for the Prince Sultan bin Abdulaziz International Prize for Water. PSIPW is a scientific prize that awards cutting-edge innovation in water research. It is open to scientists and researchers from all over the world. We have 4 specialized prizes in surface water, groundwater, alternative water resources, and water management and protection, and a creativity prize dedicated to interdisciplinary work. For the 12th award, we received 275 nominations across all nomination categories from 69 countries. From these, we had 6 winners. A team led by Mohammed S. Ghidawi of the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology and Silvia Meniconi of the University of Perugia in Italy won the Interdisciplinary Creativity Prize for using hydraulic wave physics as a powerful diagnostic framework to monitor water infrastructure health. Our Creativity Prize was also awarded to a team led by James Famiglietti of Arizona State University for using satellite gravimetry to reveal large-scale groundwater depletion and terrestrial freshwater loss, transforming global understandings of freshwater availability. The team's work is centered on the use of satellite gravimetry from the GRACE and GRACE-FO missions. and it represents one of the many applications of space technology to water resources that PSIPW has awarded over the years. The Surface Water Prize was bestowed upon Jeffrey McDonnell from the University of Saskatchewan in Canada for integrating isotope-based ecohydrology, conceptual models, and global-scale groundwater analysis to uncover how deep surface substructures govern the movement of surface water. The Groundwater Prize was awarded to the team of Scott Jesecho and Deborah Perrone from the University of California, Santa Barbara, for using real-world observational data to provide the most detailed empirical picture to date of the state of global groundwater resources. The Alternative Water Resources Prize was bestowed upon Despofatia Kasinos from the University of Cyprus for integrating chemical oxidation, microbial risk assessment, antimicrobial resistance, and environmental sustainability into holistic water treatment frameworks, in addition to determining the impact that microplastics have on water disinfection efficiency. The Water Management and Protection Prize was awarded to the team of Xin Li from the Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, for developing a new paradigm for basin-scale integrated ecohydrological research in cold and arid regions. We are now accepting nominations for a 13th award, which will be awarded in 2028. Nominations for this award will remain open until December 31st, 2027. Nominations are made online through a dedicated website. If you or anyone you know has cutting-edge water-related research, we cordially invite you to nominate that work. Thank you.

Thank you. I thank the distinguished observer for Prince Sultan bin Abdulaziz International Prize for Water. Now we got a request of right of reply by India, and I would now give the floor to the distinguished representative of India. To take the floor before closing of this agenda item at this meeting. Let me remind the delegation, maximum of 2 interventions in the exercise of the right of reply on the same agenda item at any given meeting are allowed. So please, India, take the floor.

Thank you, Chair. We categorically reject claims made by the delegation of Pakistan in its statements to bring up the issue of Indus Water Treaty. It is deeply regrettable that Pakistan chose to politicize every technical forum available to raise the matter. The matter is outside the mandate of the COPUS. Background of India's reasons for keeping the treaty in abeyance is well known to the world. We advise again Pakistan to address its support to the cross-border terrorism directed against India. Thank you, Chair.

Thank you. You have right of reply asked by Pakistan. Sorry, please take the floor.

Thank you, Chair.

Pakistan is exercising its right of reply against the statement made by the representative of India. We categorically reject the baseless allegations made by the Indian delegation with the utter contempt that, that they deserve. What Pakistan stated in this intervention under this agenda item, Space and Water, is both factual and relevant to the discussion at hand. I would like to draw attention to the fact that Indus Water Treaty is a binding international instrument mediated by the World Bank. India has unilaterally placed this treaty in abeyance, a step with no legal basis whatsoever. Furthermore, India is failing to fulfill its obligation under the treaty to share flood data, an omission with direct and severe humanitarian consequences for for millions of Pakistanis living downstream. Uh, Chair, our submission before this forum is also relevant because it underscores the need for international cooperation in the area of peaceful uses of outer space and COPUS agenda item on space and water. Chair, the response from Indian side is an ugly attempt to divert attention from a relevant issue by bringing into— in a debate not relevant to this forum. It's a political statement laced with the hubris of a violator of law. In reality, India is the globally acclaimed principal architect and supporter of terrorism, with distinctive character of fomenting and financing terrorism in not only its neighboring countries but also through extraterritorial targeted killings across the world. Such Indian involvement is evidenced by actions taken by a Western country through the expulsion of Indian diplomats, as they were responsible for the planning and executing extraterritorial murders. In fact, the weaponization of water is a mass terrorism against the tens of millions of people who depend on the water of the Indus River system. Let me be clear that India couldn't deny Pakistan its due share in 3 rivers stemming out of Indus water river system, and we will resort to all available means to secure our due right. Thank you, Chair.

Thank you. Any other requests?

Thank you, Chair, and we would like to keep— reserve our right of reply to the statement and baseless allegations made by Pakistani delegation.

Thank you.

Thank you. Any other requests? I see none. So, distinguished delegates, we have concluded our consideration of Agenda Item Thank you very much. We have concluded the discussion on Agenda Item 11, Space and Water, and I would now like to just begin our consideration of Agenda Item 12, Space and Climate Change. The first speaker on my list is the distinguished representative of Australia. Please take the floor. Thank you very much.

Thank you, Chair. Distinguished delegates, a full copy of this statement will be available on the website. Climate change is a defining global challenge, and space technologies are indispensable in the coordination and realization of our response to it. It is important to maintain our focus on realizing the full potential of these technologies as we all look to the critical UNFCCC COP31 event in Türkiye later this year, an event for which Australia has the role of President of Negotiations, and for which the Pacific will play host to critical pre-COP events where data, information, and science will be important elements. Australia has a longstanding record of using space to support climate action. Initiatives such as the AquaWatch the Global Forest Observations Initiative, and the Full Carbon Accounting Model, and our contribution to Early Warnings for All exemplify our practical contributions to global efforts. We are continuing to invest in new capabilities through programs such as the Earth Observation Program and Positioning Australia to further leverage space technologies in support of climate outcomes. Australia is also committed to sharing our data, tools, and expertise and to partnering with others to ensure our investments deliver benefits beyond our borders, including at global and regional scales, including in the Indo-Pacific. Chair, addressing climate change necessitates a global effort involving the collaboration of relevant organizations and expertise working in a coordinated manner to achieve consensus. This includes not only the United Nations system but also expert bodies such as the Committee on Earth Observation Satellites, CEOS. Australia is honoured to be chair of CEOS this year and to hosting the major annual plenary meeting in Hobart in November. Hobart is Australia's gateway to Antarctica, and the plenary will provide an important opportunity to focus attention on the role of space data in supporting polar climate science. More broadly, plenary will be an opportunity for the world's space agencies to come together and ensure that space-based data is effectively applied to support climate action, including through the consideration of support for adaptation and resilience to environmental changes and hazards, and the adoption of an ambitious new strategy to ensure greater access to analysis-ready data from both government and commercial missions that enables more communities, businesses, and governments to benefit from the significant investments that have been made in space assets. Chair, Australia looks forward to working with all member states and partners to ensure that space technologies continue to serve as a powerful and practical tool in our shared response to climate change, resilience, and adaptation. Thank you.

Thanks to the distinguished representative of Australia for the statement. Next speaker is distinguished representative of Colombia.

Thank you, Chair. Distinguished colleagues, good afternoon. Colombia understands that the challenge of climate change cannot be tackled by one state on its own. It requires strong international cooperation as well as an ongoing exchange of knowledge and In this regard, COPUOS plays a crucial role as it promotes these types of actions among member states. In the same vein, we would underscore initiatives such as UN SPIDER that have strengthened national capacity to respond to natural disasters by using satellite images and by using space technologies to facilitate early detection and the coordination of an effective response, thus protecting both the environment as well as communities. For Colombia, climate change is not a hypothetical risk, nor is it a challenge for future generations. Rather, it is a present reality affecting the food security, water security, environmental and economic security of millions of people. In this regard, Colombia appeals to member states to promote the shared benefits of access to data and to the various satellite tools, in particular for emerging countries, in order to jointly tackle the global climate challenge and to help close existing technological gaps. Chair, as a country of megadiversity and as the host of important global ecosystems such as the Amazon, the highlands, and tropical glaciers, Colombia recognizes the relevance of strengthening the space-based monitoring of these territories to support climate action. And therefore, we draw on space technology as a tool to preserve natural resources and to mitigate the impact of climate change. Here, we underscore that gaps in access to space technologies lead to impaired capacity to adapt, impaired climate change adaptation and resilience. Accordingly, Earth observation systems that make use of satellites in the geostationary orbit provide invaluable data. For forecasting natural disasters and in managing natural resources, in that they make it possible to design public policies that contribute to the development of strategies that can strengthen resilience to climate impact. Chair, the international community has more climate-based information available than ever before. The challenge is transforming this knowledge into timely decisions that will protect protect the future of ecosystems and of humankind without leaving anyone behind. Thank you.

Thanks to the distinguished representative of Colombia for the statement. Next speaker, distinguished representative of the United Kingdom.

Chair, distinguished delegates, utilizing space data is a key pillar of the United Kingdom's efforts to monitor and tackle glo— global climate change and biodiversity crisis. Established through the National Space Strategy, we are committed to harnessing space-based technologies to address these shared global challenges through our national and international efforts. The UK plays a leading role within the global Earth observation community, working through key partnerships including the European Space Agency, EU MetSat, and the Group on Earth Observation alongside our national Earth observation programs to support climate monitoring and adaptation. Over the past year, the UK has chaired the Committee on Earth Observation Satellites, the global forum for coordinating satellite missions. Under our theme of unlocking EO for society, we focused efforts on unlocking the full potential of satellite data for climate action and long-term environmental stewardship. This has included supporting the CEOS Global State Stocktake Strategy, facilitating workshops on public sector use of Earth observation data, and advancing work to address short-lived climate pollutants such as methane. This work led to the establishment of a CEOS-endorsed common practice for methane monitoring and informed the UK's first national methane action plan published ahead of COP30. Alongside this, in October last year, the UK announced its support for UNEP's International Methane Emissions Observatory program, providing access to high-resolution methane data to help identify and reduce emissions from oil and gas infrastructure. The UK has also hosted ESA's Climate Division, which leads research and development into climate science and services while supporting international cooperation through IPCC and the World Meteorological Organization processes. Our space sector continues to thrive on collaboration. We are therefore proud to continue to support Space for Climate and UK-based partnerships bringing together government, industry, and academia to collaborate and break down barriers to support climate action and to develop EO-based climate services. Through initiatives such as the UK Space Agency's Climate Service Call, we are supporting the development of trusted commercial climate services that strengthen the evidence base for environmental monitoring, inform sustainable development, and build resilience to climate impacts globally in areas such as forest monitoring or reliable carbon measurement in woodlands and seagrass. The UK is proud to have partnered with France to deliver the Microcarb mission, which launched in July last year Microcarb will improve our understanding of the behavior and dynamics of greenhouse gases in the Earth's atmosphere and the processes by which CO2 is produced and absorbed by land biospheres and oceans. Microcarb data will contribute to the monitoring progress against the Paris Agreement and the UNFCCC Global Stocktake. Finally, The UK continues to contribute strongly to Copernicus, including in seasonal forecasting, decadal prediction, and climate attribution, while working with European partners to develop ocean essential climate variable products using satellite and in situ observations. Tackling climate change cannot be achieved by any single nation alone. It relies on all of us. here today working together across borders to harness space technologies in support of meaningful action. Thank you, Chair, distinguished delegates.

Thanks to the distinguished delegate of the United Kingdom for the statement. We will continue and hopefully conclude our consideration of Agenda Item 12, Space and Climate Change, tomorrow morning.

Thank you.

So, distinguished delegates, before moving to the technical presentation on the topic of Unispace 4, and ahead of tomorrow morning's informal meeting, I would like to take this opportunity to inform you that Italy and Morocco, they have circulated to member states of the Committee an updated conference room paper, A/AC.105/2026/CRP.32, on the objectives, form, venue, dates, participants, organization and scope, and financial aspects of our 4th United Nations Conference on the Peaceful Exploration of Outer Space, UNISPACE IV. The Vice-Conference Room Paper prepared by Italy and Morocco is now co-sponsored by Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Costa Rica, Czech Republic, Finland, Luxembourg, Maldives, Malta, Morocco, Panama, the Philippines, Polonia, Slovenia, and Spain. The CRP is now open to all states members of the committee for co-sponsorship and has been made available on the webpage of the 69th session of the committee. Please inform either myself or the Italian delegation if you wish to co-sponsor. Thank you so much. And now, distinguished delegates, I would turn to proceed with technical presentation. We do have, as I told you, 5 technical presentations, but before I move, on technical presentation, I should like to advise all the presenters that should they wish to have interactions through questions and answers after their presentation, they may wish to finish their presentation a few minutes earlier than the allotted time of 10 minutes. And the first presentation on my list is on responsible mobility for small satellites, a French deep tech contribution to sustainable space operation, by the representative of France. Please take the floor.

Thank you, Chair. Chair, distinguished delegates, my name is Miroslava Kozlovska, Business Development Manager at IONEX. On behalf of the company, I'm honored to address the committee under the agenda item on space and sustainable development. I sincerely thank the French delegation for this opportunity to bring an industrial perspective from the French new space ecosystem to COPUS. Ionex is a French deep-tech SME developing electric propulsion systems for nano and microsatellites. Our example illustrates how public research, national policy, and industrial innovation can contribute to the long-term sustainability of outer space activities. The discussions held within COPUS over recent years have highlighted several common priorities: improving space situational awareness, supporting responsible space traffic coordination, and ensuring that the benefits of space remain accessible for future generations. At the same time, the rapid growth of small satellites— small satellite missions and constellations is making the operational environment in low Earth orbit more demanding to coordinate. Spacecraft are increasingly expected not only to be tracked but also to support conjunction mitigation strategies and perform reliable end-of-life disposal in accordance with evolving standards and regulations. From an industrial perspective, this highlights an important practical consideration. In many cases, responsible operations require the ability to perform controlled maneuvers during the mission and at its conclusion. However, this is a challenge for nano and microsatellites operating under significant constraints in terms of volume, mass, and available power. This creates a clear technological need for mobility solutions specifically adapted to small satellite platforms. Such systems must combine compactness, low power consumption, ease of integration, operational flexibility, and reliability. For propulsion, propulsion manufacturers, this remains one of the central technical challenges, ensuring that maneuver and deorbit capabilities remain safe, predictable, and available throughout the mission lifetime. These systems must also remain economically viable for individual missions, including for emerging players, and for constellation architectures. Adapted electric propulsion can support orbit maintenance, Constellation deployment, phasing operations, collision avoidance maneuvers, and controlled deorbiting at the end of the mission. In this sense, propulsion becomes an enabling technology for implementing sustainability objectives in practice. The technology developed by Ion-X is specifically designed for nano and micro satellite applications. Compact electric propulsion based on ionic liquid electrospray technology offers high-precision thrust in a plug-and-play 1U form, addressing the constraints of small platforms while supporting the mobility functions needed for more responsible operations. Its non-toxic and non-pressurized propellant also contributes to safer end-of-life passivation, an essential objective of the zero debris approach by reducing propulsion-related stored energy and residual risks after mission completion. This is where the French approach provides an interesting example. France has built an ecosystem that connects public research, French Space Agency, CNES technical expertise, national support programs, industrial development, and a regulatory framework that increasingly encourages sustainability to be considered from the design stage of space missions. Ion-X reflects this collaborative French innovation pathway. The company builds upon scientific research originating from the French National Center for Scientific Research and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and has benefited from national and initiatives supporting the maturation and in-orbit validation of innovative space technologies, including under France 2030 strategy and the CNES In-Orbit Demonstration and Validation Program. This technological development also fits within the evolution of the French regulatory framework. The French Space Operations Act, together with its 2024 regulatory updates, reflects the importance of integrating safety and sustainability considerations from the design stage of space missions. This approach is consistent with the guidelines for the long-term sustainability of outer space activities adopted by this committee, which call for lifecycle risk assessment, debris mitigation, and the development of technical measures to preserve the space environment. In this respect, the French framework is a concrete example of national implementation of international sustainability principles, and IONOS provides one practical industrial illustration of how these principles can be translated into spacecraft capability. In addition, IONOS is an active member of Alliance New Space France, which should represents French new space startups and SMEs across the space value chain. Through this type of industrial framework, we are contributing practical feedback to national and international policy discussions, including the future European Space Act. IONEX has also joined the Zero Debris Charter, an initiative facilitated by the European Space Agency and supported by a broad community of institutional, and industrial stakeholders, including numerous French organizations. In the same spirit, IONEX was part of a consortium in a feasibility study on zero-debris CubeSat platforms for ESA's zero-debris approach. These examples illustrate a broader point: sustainable, sustainable space governance benefits from close interaction between policymakers technical experts, and industrial actors. Regulations establish objectives and common principles, while industry develops practical solutions capable of implementing them under real operational constraints. This perspective is particularly relevant to the ongoing work of COPUS. The increasing engagement of non-governmental stakeholders in the work of the committee including through such technical presentations, demonstrate the value of practical case studies in complementing intergovernmental discussions. Industry contribution is also directly relevant to the Working Group on the Long-Term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities chaired by India, and to the Expert Group on Space Situational Awareness established under the framework following the proposal of the United Arab Emirates. Propulsion players' practical experience will contribute to conjunction mitigation and end-of-life disposal strategies. Chair, distinguished delegates, the growth of the small satellite sector brings major opportunities for innovation, economic development, and sustainable development on Earth. To preserve these benefits, sustainability must be integrated from the earliest stages of spacecraft design, operation, and disposal. The French experience shows how research, public support, industry, and regulation can work together to address this challenge. In this context, compact electric propulsion technologies such as those developed by Ionex offer a practical contribution by enabling responsible mobility for small satellite missions. Continued dialogue between governments, international organizations, research institutions, and industry will be essential to keep outer space safe, sustainable, and accessible for present and future generations. Thank you for your kind attention.

Thank you for your presentation. Uh, the second presentation on my list is on AI as a Service in Space for Real-Time Earth Observation Intelligence by the representative of Austria. Yeah, Austria. Thank you. You have the floor.

Thank you very much. Mr. Chair, distinguished delegates, thank you very much for giving us the opportunity to talk about our work on AI as a service in space for real-time Earth observation intelligence. Wildfires are deadly. They spread fast and stop for nothing. In 2024 alone, there were 22,000 early deaths from smoke in the European Union. More than $200 billion of global wildfire losses. Satellites can fortunately help detect natural disasters early and fight them early, but we need data in real time. And by real time, we don't even mean a matter of seconds, but a matter of minutes, like 10 or 15 minutes, would already be real time enough. For example, in the terrible fire in Palisades, California last year, there were a total of $51.7 billion in housing damages. Had this fire been contained at its state of about 1 hour, 91% of these damages could have been saved, including 12 lives. Wildfires are just one possible use case where we need real-time data. There are other time-critical use cases like flood monitoring, volcanic ash tracking to make flights safer around volcanic eruptions, ship tracking, or precision agriculture. And these are also just some examples. There are many more where real-time intelligence from satellites is crucial to operate these use cases safely and effectively. However, current Earth observation data pipelines fall short of this real-time requirement. What we currently do is we downlink large volumes of Earth observation data from the satellites to the ground stations and to cloud data centers. There we do the processing and derive the intelligence. And this can take multiple hours. For example, the Copernicus near real-time class allows for a delay of up to 3 hours. And that's too long for a wildfire. Many manufacturers and operators have already started deploying onboard artificial intelligence to reduce the data volume. However, on a single satellite, you are limited by the hardware that can be placed in that satellite, and a satellite is never going to be as powerful as a server. In a sense, deploying software on a satellite is similar to deploying software in a data center in the pre-cloud era. Companies had to take care of everything, the hardware and the software stack, by themselves. And in satellites, it's similar right now. We are working on changing that. Our vision is to provide AI as a service in space with a real-time KPI guarantee with as little as 10 interconnected satellites. What do we mean by this key performance indicator guarantee? We mean that the customer can define a maximum execution time between sensing the data and the availability of the final intelligence product in the user's hands. For example, 10 minutes. How do we do that? By not downlinking the data to Earth. But by transferring the raw Earth observation data via high-bandwidth intersatellite laser links to a cluster of low-Earth orbit satellites and running distributed AI workflows for Earth observation processing on these satellites to derive the final intelligence right in space. Additionally, we have a feature that's currently only possible in the cloud, namely the fusion of multi-source Earth observation data. For certain use cases, it is beneficial to combine data from multiple sensors like synthetic aperture radar and optical data, and we can do that right in space. Also, when it comes to operating software and workflows in space, currently you have to deploy things on the satellite and they remain executing there until the satellite goes out of service. It's called a mission, and this can get quite expensive if you do not need real-time data. So we offer the possibility for mission-free deployments. So, for example, when you're doing wildfire monitoring, you might not always need real-time information, like in wintertime. During that time, we can automatically migrate the workflow to the cloud and back to space in summer. Finally, we enable satellite operators to monetize their capacity in orbit by installing our platform That way they can become sort of cloud providers in space by renting out that capacity to users who cannot afford their own satellites. And we ensure that this multi-tenancy on single satellites can be executed safely. Additionally, we are completely hardware agnostic, so we do not depend on a particular satellite manufacturer, but we can even enable multiple operators to collaborate on projects. So if you have a workflow that you want to deploy in space, how does this work? There are 3 simple steps. Customer first picks an AI model, the one they are already working with in the cloud, the data sources, and the monitoring region. Step 2, they assemble their workflow and then test it in our simulator. The simulator creates a sort of digital twin of the satellites that are available in space and provides an accurate estimate of how long the workflow is going to execute. And if this simulator says that the workflow can execute in 10 minutes, then we can commit to this KPI. Last but not least, the customer just pushes a button and then the LeoTrack platform takes over and deploys the, the Earth observation processing tasks on the most suitable satellites. To summarize, we provide distributed AI as a service in space. To deliver Earth observation intelligence 10 times faster than the state of the art with KPI guarantees. And we enable the monetization of space computing capacity of multiple operators and enable them to become cloud operators in space and enable broad access to these resources to companies who do— who cannot afford their own satellites. Distinguished delegates—

oops, sorry.

Distinguished delegates, thank you very much for your attention, and if anybody is interested in doing a pilot project or sharing Level 0 Earth observation data, I would like to encourage you to come and talk to us or to visit our website.

Mr.

Chair, thank you very much, and we will be happy to answer any questions.

Thank you for your presentation. Are there any questions to the representative of Austria? Okay, I see none. Thank you very much. Thank you.

Thank you.

The 3rd presentation on our list The next is on the IRIDE program, an overview by the representative of Italy. You have the floor, please.

Thank you.

Thank you.

Okay, Chair, distinguished delegates, and colleagues, it's a pleasure to— sorry, it's a pleasure to present IRIDE, the Italian flagship Earth observation program. IRIDE is primarily funded by the Italian government through the European Union Recovery and Resilience Fund and is implemented by the European Space Agency together with the Italian Space Agency and other national institutions. IRIDE is not a simple satellite program. It's a data-driven ecosystem designed to transform Earth observation data into operational services for public authorities, businesses, and citizens. Once fully deployed, IRIDE will consist of 68 satellites and will provide more than 250 geospatial products and over 60, uh, operational services addressing a wide range of societal needs. This program has been designed starting from institutional user requirement, ensuring that space-based information can effectively support decision-making and operational activities. I said EDA is not just a constellation in orbit, is a complete operational ecosystem integrating the entire value chain from mission planning and satellite operations to data processing, service generation, and user access.

The use—

the system combined the space segment, ground segment, data exploitation facilities, and service delivery platform into a single coordinated architecture. The objective is to ensure the Earth observation data are transformed into reliable and actionable information that can be directly used by institutions and operational stakeholders. This end-to-end approach is one of the distinctive characteristics of the programme. The upstream sector of Iridium is a constellation of constellations equipped with very high-resolution optical satellites, medium-resolution optical satellites, hyperspectral sensor, and 2, uh, constellation of SAR sensor. And the program is progressing at an exceptional pace. The first 2 Hawk for Earth Observation, HEO satellite, was launched in January 2025, only 3 years after the program session. Additional launches through 2025 and 2026 have enabled the deployment of the first operational constellation, and today we have 2, uh, constellations already operating in orbit. When fully deployed, IRIS will consist, as said, of 68 satellites providing complementary observation capability and significantly increasing revisit frequency over area of interest. Here we have some examples from the HEO satellite, one acquired over the Mississippi Reef and the second one in Italy on Porto Marghera. This one has been acquired over the city of Milan. And however, aside from the, the the satellite data, a fundamental principle of EDA is its user-centric approach. Indeed, this program was developed through continuous interaction with institutional stakeholders in order to identify concrete operational needs. These requirements have been translated into more than 60 service value chains and over 250 geospatial product. In simple terms, EDDA converts Earth observation data into practical solutions for end users. For the moment, there have been identified 8 areas of interest, from coastal area monitoring to air quality monitoring, ground motion, land use land cover, meteorology and climate, water resources, emergency and security. In general, the service developed by— within HEARDDIN address 3 major domains. The first is— can be grouped into the climate and environment, supporting applications such as greenhouse gases monitoring, land cover mapping, and environmental assessment. A second one is disaster risk management, providing information for landslide monitoring, flood mapping, and rapid response during emergencies. Third one is security and maritime awareness, supporting surveillance activities, vessel monitoring, and the protection of critical assets. This service transforms Earth observation data into actionable information supporting sustainability, resilience, and security. In order to maximize accessibility and usability, EDDI includes also a dedicated marketplace. The marketplace enables users to discover and access data products and applications through a single digital environment. It provides a catalogue of services, visualisation tools, and access mechanisms that facilitate the use of Earth observation information by public administration, research, and commercial use. Beyond data access, E-IDE also provides analytical capabilities. Users can perform data exploitation, visualisation, and series analysis directly within the, the platform. The objectives is to reduce barriers to the use of Earth observation information and facilitate the generation of values from available datasets. Data policy. The EDA data policy seeks to balance between openness and security. The programme promotes broad accessibility to data in accordance with European principles supporting innovation, research, and downstream service development. At the same time, access conditions are regulated according to user categories and data sensitivity in order to protect public interest and security requirements. This balanced approach ensures both accessibility and responsible use. In conclusion, Iridium represents a new generation of Earth observation programs. It combines a large multi-sensor satellite constellation with an integrated service ecosystem designed to deliver operational values. By transforming Earth observation data into service and actionable information, Iridium contributes to resilience, sustainability, and security. Thank you for your attention.

Are there any questions to the representative of Italy? I see none. Thank you very much for your presentation. The 4th presentation on our list is on AEB Virtual School as a Training Tool for Sustainable Development by the representative of Brazil. You have the floor, please.

Hello everyone, I'm Dr. Aline Veloso, Coordinator of Competencies and Technology Development at Brazilian Space Agency, AEB. Today I would like to present the AEB Virtual School and show how this initiative supports space educational capacity building, and sustainable development. I will also share some results and explain how the platform contributes to the goals of the United Nations Space 2030 Agenda. Before I talk about the platform, it is important to understand the broader context. The United Nations Space 2030 Agenda recognizes that space activities can support sustainable development around the world. The agenda is organized around 4 pillars: space economy, space society, space accessibility, and space diplomacy. Educational and capacity building are important for all these pillars. People need knowledge and skill to use space technology and create benefits, benefits to society. This is one of the main reasons why AEB created AEB Virtual School. AEB Virtual School is an educational platform developed by the Brazilian Space Agency. Its main goal is to make space education more accessible. The platform is full online and completely free of charge. This allows people from different regions and different backgrounds to access quality educational content related to the space sector. By removing geographical and financial bars, the platform helps expand opportunities to learning and professional development. Today, AEB Virtual School has almost 50,000 registered users, and users are distributed across 200 regions around the world, over 200 regions around the world. The platform currently offers more than 30 classes. This number shows there is a strong demand for accessible space education and that online e-learning can be an effective tool for reaching a large audience. The platform serves students from different backgrounds teachers, researchers, professional people interested in space activities. One important characteristic of the platform is the multidisciplinary approach. Space activity involves technology, but also involves law, politics, security, economics, and international cooperation. For this reason, the platform offers classes in areas such as space law, aerospace geopolitics, space security defense, the history of space sector. This class helps students understand the broader impact of space activity on society and international relations. And the platform also offers technical classes related to space science, including satellites technology, remote sensor, nanosatellites. These subjects are closely connected to real application and support sustainable development. Space technology can help environment monitoring, disaster management, climate studies, and many other fields. Through this class, participants gain knowledge and can apply to the real-world challenge. Education can become even more valuable when the knowledge can be applied in practice. For example, is the connection between AIB Virtual School and the GLOBE Brazil program. The GLOBE is an international citizen science program that engages students, teachers, volunteers in environment observation and science research. This partnership helps participants connect space-related knowledge with practical activities that support environmental monitoring. The result of this initiative here in Brazil, we have been more positive. More than 8,000 students have been participating in the program here in Brazil. More than 1,000 teachers have been trained. More than 7,000 citizen scientists have contributed to collect data. Together, they have collected over 118,000 environmental observations across Brazil. This activity helped participants develop scientific skills while generating available environment data. When we took these results, we can clearly see the contribution to the Sustainable Development Goals and the Space 2030 Agenda. The platform supports quality education, it promotes scientific literacy, it encourages environmental awareness, and it strengthens international cooperation. In this way, AEB Virtual School helps transform knowledge into action and contribution for sustainable development. In conclusion, AB Virtual School demonstrates how online education can support capacity building in the space sector by contributing and providing free educational— to qualify educational content, and the platform helps prepare current and future generations to use space knowledge and technology for benefits of society. Our experiences show investing in education is also investing in the future of space activity. Space technology can help build a better future, but we need people who understand how to use it. That's why educational and capacity building are so important. So, thank you very much for attention.

Thank you for your presentation. The last presentation of today is on policy brief on space and global health by the Observer for the Space and Global Health You have the floor, please.

Distinguished Chair, distinguished delegates, I am honored to address the committee today on behalf of the Space and Global Health Network. As this is the first time the network is taking the floor during this session, please allow me to congratulate the distinguished Chair, on your able leadership. Before sharing our progress and priorities, I would like to express our sincere appreciation to the United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs for its continued support, and to all member states, institutions, experts, and partners whose commitment continues to advance the implementation of Resolution 77 120 on space and global health. Since our last meeting, the Space and Global Health Network has continued to advance its mission of strengthening collaboration between the space and health sectors. Today, our network brings together 215 members from across the world, an increasingly diverse and multidisciplinary community committed to advancing the space and global health agenda. Guided by our 2025 to 2035 long-term strategy, we have focused our efforts around 3 priorities. First, strengthening awareness and advocacy. Second, building capacity and knowledge. And third, Fostering partnerships and international collaboration. These priorities have guided our activities throughout the past year. Significant progress has been made across all 3 priority areas, reflecting the growing maturity and impact of the network and translating into concrete outcomes that are strengthening the foundations of the global space and health community. One of the most significant developments this year has been our progress in capacity building. A major milestone was the completion of the Space and Global Health Curriculum, developed by an international task force of experts and formally presented during the last STSC. The curriculum provides a comprehensive educational framework dedicated to the intersection of space and global health. The need to develop sustainable human capacity capable of translating space capacities into practical health solutions. We are encouraged by the growing interest from universities, academic institutions, and partners seeking to adopt the curriculum and integrate it into their educational and training programs. The next phase of implementation is the development of a Massive Open Online Course, or MOOC, which will help ensure broad and equitable access to this knowledge worldwide. Building on the completion of the Space and Global Health curriculum, our capacity-building work is now also being translated into policy guidance. For the first time, the network is presenting a policy brief to COPUOS, marking an important milestone in our efforts to support Member States in harnessing space technologies for more equitable health systems. Entitled Leveraging Space-Based Technologies for Global Health: Policy Pathways for Sustainable and Equitable Implementation, this inaugural publication is the first in a planned series translating the curriculum into practical guidance for policymakers. It highlights persistent barriers that continue to limit the integration of space-derived technology into health systems, including institutional fragmentation, limited access to space-derived data, capacity and knowledge gaps, and equity concerns. Importantly, it offers a roadmap for action Its recommendations call for building on existing cross-sectoral governance frameworks and agreements, revising international health governance instruments, improving equitable access to space-derived data, investing in sustained interdisciplinary capacity building, and long-term public and professional literacy. One example is the recommendation to establish regional geospatial health innovation hubs to build durable institutional capacity and help countries, particularly low- and middle-income countries, operationalize Earth observation data within national health systems. This policy brief reaffirms the role of the Space and Global Health Network as a central convening platform for member states and stakeholders in order to advance these recommendations. Strengthen international partnerships, promote cross-sector collaboration, and support the development of shared standards and joint initiatives. We look forward to disseminating it widely through Member States, partner organizations, and encourage delegations to use it as a resource for strengthening dialogue between the space and health communities at national, regional, and international levels. Beyond these policy developments, the Network has continued to strengthen engagement with key stakeholders. This included contributions to the 3rd edition of the Geneva Digital Health Day, held on the margins of the 79th World Health Assembly, and bringing together more than 300 participants from the digital health space and academic communities. The Network also participated in a high-level convening with the NIMSS Institute of Public Health and governance, to explore innovation and investment opportunities for global health equity. Looking ahead, the network remains committed to advancing one of its longstanding priorities, the identification and definition of space-based essential health variables. As previously reported to this committee, this work remains critical for strengthening the contribution of Earth observations to health decision-making and for informing future satellite requirements. In this context, and through our partnership with UNOOSA, the Earth Observation Health Architecture Initiative, or EO-HEART, seeks to improve interoperability, strengthen Earth observation for health applications, and address critical information gaps affecting vulnerable populations. Together, these efforts are helping to build the foundations for more consistent, actionable, and policy-relevant use of Earth observation data in support of public health while contributing to stronger coordination across scientific, technical, and policy communities. To conclude, we must move beyond simply demonstrating the value of space technologies for health and focus on ensuring that these capabilities become more accessible, more integrated, and more responsive to the needs of people and communities around the world. Achieving this will require sustained cooperation across disciplines, institutions, and borders, together with stronger partnerships continued investment in capacity and policy development, and a shared commitment to ensuring that innovation translates into meaningful societal impact. The Space and Global Health Network remains committed to supporting this collective effort and to serving as a platform where member states and stakeholders can work together to advance practical solutions for global health. Allow me to conclude by expressing our sincere gratitude to UN-USA the members of the Space and Global Health Network, the Curriculum Task Force, our partners, and all Member States whose continued support has made this progress possible. We look forward to working with all of you to advance this shared vision in the years ahead. Thank you for your attention, and I wish you productive deliberations for the remainder of this session.

Thank you for your presentation. Distinguished delegates, I will shortly adjourn this meeting. Before doing so, I would like to inform delegates of our schedule of work for tomorrow morning. We'll meet promptly at 10 AM. We'll continue our consideration of Agenda Item 5, General exchange of views. We will continue and hopefully conclude our consideration of agenda item 12, space and climate change. We will begin and hopefully conclude our consideration of agenda item 13, use of space technology in the United Nations system. Time permitting, we will begin our consideration of agenda item Item 14, future role and methods of work of the committee, pending the outcome of consultations on matters concerning Unispace 4 and the work of ATLAC. We will then suspend the plenary meeting so that the Action Team on Lunar Activities Consultation, ATLAC, can hold its first formal meeting. Following the adjournment of the ATLAC meeting, We will then resume the plenary to proceed with technical presentations. 4 technical presentations are scheduled for tomorrow morning. Delegates are reminded that the full schedule of technical presentations is available on the session's webpage. I would also like to inform delegates that informal consultations on UNISPACE-4 will be held tomorrow morning From 9 to 10 AM in Conference Room M3. The informal consultations will be held in a hybrid format via MS Teams, with a hybrid connection made available to member states. The MS Teams link is provided in the Information Circular OOSA 2026/53. 3, dispatched on 8th of June 2026. The schedule of the consultation is available on the web page of this session. I would now like to give the floor to Secretariat to provide information on side events.

Thank you, Mr.

Chair.

Distinguished delegates, this evening there will be 2 side events.

A side event entitled Advanced Global Space Governance, organized by Italy, from 6 to 8 PM in M1 exhibition space. A side event also will be organized entitled Delivering Water Diplomacy Through Space, organized by the European Space Policy Institute, from 6:30 to 10 PM at the European Space Policy Institute. The schedule of the side events is also available on the webpage.

Thank you, Mr.

Chair.

I thank the Secretariat for the information provided. Are there any questions or comments on this proposed schedule? Okay, I see none. Distinguished delegates, this meeting is adjourned until 10 AM tomorrow morning.