{"disclaimer":"Transcripts available through this tool are created by using automatic speech recognition and are not official records nor official documents of the United Nations. Official records and official documents are available on the Official Document System of the United Nations.","url":"https://transcripts.un.org/en/asset/k1e/k1ev2fwlsa","llms":{"note":"Plain-text sibling of this page, compact for LLM context. For the full API guide (search, listing, URL grammar) see /llms.txt.","textUrl":"/en/asset/k1e/k1ev2fwlsa.txt","guide":"/llms.txt"},"video":{"id":"k1e/k1ev2fwlsa","kaltura_id":"1_ev2fwlsa","title":"Outer Space: Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space, Legal Subcommittee, 64th session, 1080th meeting","clean_title":"Outer Space: Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space, Legal Subcommittee, 64th session, 1080th meeting","url":"https://webtv.un.org/en/asset/k1e/k1ev2fwlsa","date":"2025-05-08T00:00:00.000Z","scheduled_time":"2025-05-08T08:00:00.000Z","status":"finished","duration":"04:22:39","category":"General Assembly","body":"General Assembly","event_code":null,"event_type":null,"session_number":"64th session","pv_symbol":null,"pv_part":null,"slug":"asset/k1e/k1ev2fwlsa"},"metadata":{"summary":"Outer Space: Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space, Legal Subcommittee, 64th session","description":null,"categories":["Meetings & Events","General Assembly","Subsidiary organs of the General Assembly","Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space"],"geographic_subject":[],"subject_topical":[],"corporate_name":["UNITED NATIONS OFFICE FOR OUTER SPACE AFFAIRS - UNOOSA"],"speaker_affiliation":[],"related_documents":[{"title":"United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs","url":"https://www.unoosa.org/oosa/en/ourwork/copuos/lsc/2025/index.html"}]},"transcript":{"transcript_id":"assemblyai-universal-3-5-pro-25dae9ad-ee83-4eb0-8caa-2469943ef62c","language":"en","data":[{"statement_number":1,"start":2127.364,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1e/k1ev2fwlsa?t=2128","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Good morning, everyone.","start":2127.364,"end":2128.037,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Good","start":2127.364,"end":2127.479},{"text":"morning,","start":2127.495,"end":2127.725},{"text":"everyone.","start":2127.758,"end":2128.037}]},{"text":"We can start our session for this morning.","start":2131.18,"end":2133.013,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":2131.18,"end":2131.261},{"text":"can","start":2131.261,"end":2131.455},{"text":"start","start":2131.488,"end":2131.893},{"text":"our","start":2131.893,"end":2132.007},{"text":"session","start":2132.007,"end":2132.413},{"text":"for","start":2132.461,"end":2132.559},{"text":"this","start":2132.559,"end":2132.672},{"text":"morning.","start":2132.802,"end":2133.013}]},{"text":"Buenos días, distinguidas.","start":2151.92,"end":2153.689,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Buenos","start":2151.92,"end":2152.756},{"text":"días,","start":2152.756,"end":2153.045},{"text":"distinguidas.","start":2153.142,"end":2153.689}]},{"text":"Good morning, distinguished delegates.","start":2154.203,"end":2155.828,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Good","start":2154.203,"end":2154.364},{"text":"morning,","start":2154.364,"end":2154.654},{"text":"distinguished","start":2154.766,"end":2155.393},{"text":"delegates.","start":2155.393,"end":2155.828}]},{"text":"I declare open the 1080th meeting of the Legal Subcommittee of the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer 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delegates, This morning we will continue our consideration of agenda item 3, general exchange of 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agenda item 7, future role and methods of the work of the committee, pending the outcome of consultations on matters such as Unispace 4, ATLAS, and organizational matters led by the delegation of 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we will continue our consideration of Agenda Item 8, General Exchange of Views on Potential Legal Models for Activities in the Exploration, Exploitation, and Utilization of Space 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permitting, we will begin our consideration of agenda item 9, general exchange of information and views on legal mechanisms relating to space debris mitigation and remediation, taking into account the work of the Scientific and Technical 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will then adjourn the plenary meeting.","start":2251.752,"end":2253.882,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":2251.752,"end":2251.851},{"text":"will","start":2251.851,"end":2252.016},{"text":"then","start":2252.016,"end":2252.198},{"text":"adjourn","start":2252.264,"end":2252.627},{"text":"the","start":2252.908,"end":2253.122},{"text":"plenary","start":2253.172,"end":2253.585},{"text":"meeting.","start":2253.585,"end":2253.882}]},{"text":"We will adjourn the plenary meeting then so that the Working Group on Legal Aspects of Space Resource Activities can hold its second 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the adjournment of the Working Group meeting, we will then proceed with We will now continue with the discussions on organizational matters led by the delegation of 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will be no technical presentations this morning, and the schedule of technical presentations is available on the session's webpage and in the daily 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there any questions or comments on this proposed schedule?","start":2299.278,"end":2303.711,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Are","start":2299.278,"end":2299.359},{"text":"there","start":2299.359,"end":2299.456},{"text":"any","start":2299.456,"end":2299.586},{"text":"questions","start":2299.684,"end":2300.106},{"text":"or","start":2300.122,"end":2300.252},{"text":"comments","start":2300.252,"end":2300.626},{"text":"on","start":2302.688,"end":2302.769},{"text":"this","start":2302.769,"end":2302.948},{"text":"proposed","start":2302.948,"end":2303.272},{"text":"schedule?","start":2303.272,"end":2303.711}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Santiago Ripoll","affiliation":"COPUOS","affiliation_full":"COPUOS","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":2,"start":2303.76,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1e/k1ev2fwlsa?t=2304","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Yes.","start":2303.76,"end":2303.808,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Yes.","start":2303.76,"end":2303.808}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you very much, Chair.","start":2313.026,"end":2314.04,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":2313.026,"end":2313.138},{"text":"you","start":2313.138,"end":2313.251},{"text":"very","start":2313.267,"end":2313.444},{"text":"much,","start":2313.444,"end":2313.653},{"text":"Chair.","start":2313.83,"end":2314.04}]},{"text":"The Mexican delegation had understood that we might be able to take the floor under Agenda Item 3, and that apparently we are the first speaker under that 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you could just clarify the situation to us, we'd be grateful.","start":2328.034,"end":2330.265,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"If","start":2328.034,"end":2328.164},{"text":"you","start":2328.164,"end":2328.228},{"text":"could","start":2328.244,"end":2328.325},{"text":"just","start":2328.325,"end":2328.503},{"text":"clarify","start":2328.503,"end":2328.907},{"text":"the","start":2328.907,"end":2328.988},{"text":"situation","start":2328.988,"end":2329.44},{"text":"to","start":2329.473,"end":2329.634},{"text":"us,","start":2329.634,"end":2329.731},{"text":"we'd","start":2329.78,"end":2329.942},{"text":"be","start":2329.942,"end":2329.974},{"text":"grateful.","start":2329.974,"end":2330.265}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"MEX","affiliation_full":"Mexico","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":3,"start":2330.995,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1e/k1ev2fwlsa?t=2331","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"That is indeed the plan, says the 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Um, I just would like to inform the delegates that the new norm paper containing additional text in support of the proposal for the Study Group on the Legal and Policy Aspects of Space Traffic is being made available on the website of this session.","start":2368.608,"end":2385.264,"topics":[{"key":"space-traffic","label":"Space Traffic and Operational Coordination","description":"Some delegations highlighted the need to study the legal and policy aspects of space traffic coordination and management as space operations become more crowded. 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should be available in a few hours.","start":2385.616,"end":2388.037,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"It","start":2385.616,"end":2385.697},{"text":"should","start":2385.697,"end":2385.937},{"text":"be","start":2385.937,"end":2386.033},{"text":"available","start":2386.097,"end":2386.69},{"text":"in","start":2387.043,"end":2387.364},{"text":"a","start":2387.364,"end":2387.396},{"text":"few","start":2387.396,"end":2387.732},{"text":"hours.","start":2387.764,"end":2388.037}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"UNOSA","affiliation_full":"UNOSA","group":null,"function":"Secretariat"}},{"statement_number":5,"start":2388.085,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1e/k1ev2fwlsa?t=2389","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you.","start":2388.085,"end":2388.181,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":2388.085,"end":2388.149},{"text":"you.","start":2388.149,"end":2388.181}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Santiago Ripoll","affiliation":"COPUOS","affiliation_full":"COPUOS","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":6,"start":2388.31,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1e/k1ev2fwlsa?t=2389","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you very much, Mr.","start":2388.31,"end":2388.877,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":2388.31,"end":2388.41},{"text":"you","start":2388.41,"end":2388.443},{"text":"very","start":2388.443,"end":2388.51},{"text":"much,","start":2388.51,"end":2388.627},{"text":"Mr.","start":2388.677,"end":2388.877}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"Chair.","start":2388.927,"end":2389.244,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Chair.","start":2388.927,"end":2389.244}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":null,"affiliation_full":null,"group":null,"function":null}},{"statement_number":7,"start":2395.69,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1e/k1ev2fwlsa?t=2396","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you very much to the Secretariat for the information provided.","start":2395.69,"end":2398.228,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":2395.69,"end":2395.821},{"text":"you","start":2395.821,"end":2395.87},{"text":"very","start":2395.87,"end":2395.968},{"text":"much","start":2395.968,"end":2396.181},{"text":"to","start":2396.23,"end":2396.361},{"text":"the","start":2396.361,"end":2396.394},{"text":"Secretariat","start":2396.394,"end":2397.098},{"text":"for","start":2397.098,"end":2397.212},{"text":"the","start":2397.212,"end":2397.343},{"text":"information","start":2397.343,"end":2397.867},{"text":"provided.","start":2397.933,"end":2398.228}]},{"text":"Distinguished delegates, I would now like to continue our consideration of Agenda Item 3, General Exchange of Views, and I now turn to the list of speakers, and the first speaker on my list is the distinguished representative of Mexico.","start":2399.39,"end":2416.711,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Distinguished","start":2399.39,"end":2399.777},{"text":"delegates,","start":2399.777,"end":2400.083},{"text":"I","start":2400.39,"end":2400.503},{"text":"would","start":2400.551,"end":2400.841},{"text":"now","start":2400.857,"end":2400.97},{"text":"like","start":2401.115,"end":2401.293},{"text":"to","start":2401.341,"end":2401.438},{"text":"continue","start":2401.438,"end":2401.987},{"text":"our","start":2401.987,"end":2402.148},{"text":"consideration","start":2402.148,"end":2402.809},{"text":"of","start":2402.809,"end":2402.906},{"text":"Agenda","start":2402.906,"end":2403.277},{"text":"Item","start":2403.293,"end":2403.583},{"text":"3,","start":2403.696,"end":2404.116},{"text":"General","start":2405.148,"end":2405.471},{"text":"Exchange","start":2405.471,"end":2405.938},{"text":"of","start":2405.955,"end":2406.019},{"text":"Views,","start":2406.019,"end":2406.406},{"text":"and","start":2408.241,"end":2408.322},{"text":"I","start":2408.404,"end":2408.436},{"text":"now","start":2408.436,"end":2408.68},{"text":"turn","start":2408.68,"end":2408.859},{"text":"to","start":2408.908,"end":2409.005},{"text":"the","start":2409.005,"end":2409.136},{"text":"list","start":2409.152,"end":2409.38},{"text":"of","start":2409.38,"end":2409.445},{"text":"speakers,","start":2409.461,"end":2409.981},{"text":"and","start":2410.046,"end":2410.144},{"text":"the","start":2410.144,"end":2410.225},{"text":"first","start":2410.225,"end":2410.567},{"text":"speaker","start":2410.599,"end":2410.99},{"text":"on","start":2411.022,"end":2411.169},{"text":"my","start":2411.169,"end":2411.266},{"text":"list","start":2411.266,"end":2411.673},{"text":"is","start":2411.673,"end":2411.722},{"text":"the","start":2414.033,"end":2414.194},{"text":"distinguished","start":2414.194,"end":2414.662},{"text":"representative","start":2414.662,"end":2415.307},{"text":"of","start":2416.195,"end":2416.259},{"text":"Mexico.","start":2416.275,"end":2416.711}]},{"text":"You 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Chair.","start":2420.36,"end":2421.718,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Once","start":2420.36,"end":2420.54},{"text":"again,","start":2420.54,"end":2420.785},{"text":"thank","start":2420.801,"end":2420.981},{"text":"you","start":2420.981,"end":2421.047},{"text":"very","start":2421.047,"end":2421.227},{"text":"much,","start":2421.227,"end":2421.423},{"text":"Chair.","start":2421.521,"end":2421.718}]},{"text":"Chair Santiago Ripoll, distinguished delegates, I would like to begin my statement, Chair, by commending you for your work at the helm of the Legal Subcommittee during this second year under your chairmanship.","start":2424.158,"end":2436.194,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Chair","start":2424.158,"end":2424.351},{"text":"Santiago","start":2425.077,"end":2425.544},{"text":"Ripoll,","start":2425.544,"end":2425.915},{"text":"distinguished","start":2425.931,"end":2426.286},{"text":"delegates,","start":2426.286,"end":2426.624},{"text":"I","start":2426.673,"end":2426.737},{"text":"would","start":2426.737,"end":2426.818},{"text":"like","start":2426.818,"end":2426.995},{"text":"to","start":2426.995,"end":2427.092},{"text":"begin","start":2427.092,"end":2427.334},{"text":"my","start":2427.398,"end":2427.495},{"text":"statement,","start":2427.495,"end":2428.091},{"text":"Chair,","start":2428.768,"end":2428.946},{"text":"by","start":2429.736,"end":2429.977},{"text":"commending","start":2429.977,"end":2430.461},{"text":"you","start":2430.461,"end":2430.542},{"text":"for","start":2430.622,"end":2430.799},{"text":"your","start":2430.848,"end":2430.961},{"text":"work","start":2431.009,"end":2431.202},{"text":"at","start":2431.202,"end":2431.267},{"text":"the","start":2431.267,"end":2431.38},{"text":"helm","start":2431.412,"end":2431.638},{"text":"of","start":2431.686,"end":2431.767},{"text":"the","start":2431.815,"end":2431.896},{"text":"Legal","start":2431.896,"end":2432.057},{"text":"Subcommittee","start":2432.073,"end":2432.797},{"text":"during","start":2434.391,"end":2434.617},{"text":"this","start":2434.649,"end":2434.778},{"text":"second","start":2434.81,"end":2435.212},{"text":"year","start":2435.212,"end":2435.325},{"text":"under","start":2435.373,"end":2435.599},{"text":"your","start":2435.599,"end":2435.695},{"text":"chairmanship.","start":2435.695,"end":2436.194}]},{"text":"Please know that you can count on my country's support in order to reach a successful conclusion to our work.","start":2436.484,"end":2441.885,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Please","start":2436.484,"end":2436.629},{"text":"know","start":2436.661,"end":2436.822},{"text":"that","start":2436.822,"end":2436.967},{"text":"you","start":2436.967,"end":2437.064},{"text":"can","start":2437.064,"end":2437.176},{"text":"count","start":2437.225,"end":2437.531},{"text":"on","start":2437.531,"end":2437.579},{"text":"my","start":2437.579,"end":2437.708},{"text":"country's","start":2437.708,"end":2438.11},{"text":"support","start":2438.11,"end":2438.754},{"text":"in","start":2439.157,"end":2439.286},{"text":"order","start":2439.318,"end":2439.543},{"text":"to","start":2439.543,"end":2439.897},{"text":"reach","start":2440.107,"end":2440.348},{"text":"a","start":2440.348,"end":2440.38},{"text":"successful","start":2440.38,"end":2440.879},{"text":"conclusion","start":2440.912,"end":2441.379},{"text":"to","start":2441.411,"end":2441.54},{"text":"our","start":2441.54,"end":2441.731},{"text":"work.","start":2441.751,"end":2441.885}]},{"text":"At this final stage.","start":2442.302,"end":2443.314,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"At","start":2442.302,"end":2442.398},{"text":"this","start":2442.447,"end":2442.559},{"text":"final","start":2442.607,"end":2442.864},{"text":"stage.","start":2442.864,"end":2443.314}]},{"text":"Equally, Mexico is grateful for and acknowledges the excellent work undertaken by the Secretariat in order to prepare for this session of the subcommittee, including the preparation of all of the substantive documentation.","start":2443.973,"end":2456.058,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Equally,","start":2443.973,"end":2444.278},{"text":"Mexico","start":2444.391,"end":2445.05},{"text":"is","start":2445.435,"end":2445.564},{"text":"grateful","start":2445.596,"end":2445.982},{"text":"for","start":2445.982,"end":2446.191},{"text":"and","start":2446.239,"end":2446.319},{"text":"acknowledges","start":2446.319,"end":2446.849},{"text":"the","start":2446.881,"end":2447.01},{"text":"excellent","start":2447.026,"end":2447.412},{"text":"work","start":2447.444,"end":2447.685},{"text":"undertaken","start":2447.685,"end":2448.167},{"text":"by","start":2448.167,"end":2448.312},{"text":"the","start":2448.312,"end":2448.36},{"text":"Secretariat","start":2448.392,"end":2449.211},{"text":"in","start":2449.533,"end":2449.581},{"text":"order","start":2449.677,"end":2449.918},{"text":"to","start":2449.918,"end":2450.079},{"text":"prepare","start":2450.079,"end":2450.368},{"text":"for","start":2450.497,"end":2450.706},{"text":"this","start":2450.802,"end":2450.931},{"text":"session","start":2451.14,"end":2451.477},{"text":"of","start":2451.477,"end":2451.59},{"text":"the","start":2451.59,"end":2451.622},{"text":"subcommittee,","start":2451.622,"end":2452.191},{"text":"including","start":2452.256,"end":2452.646},{"text":"the","start":2452.678,"end":2452.825},{"text":"preparation","start":2452.825,"end":2453.458},{"text":"of","start":2454.043,"end":2454.206},{"text":"all","start":2454.287,"end":2454.401},{"text":"of","start":2454.401,"end":2454.45},{"text":"the","start":2454.531,"end":2454.645},{"text":"substantive","start":2454.645,"end":2455.278},{"text":"documentation.","start":2455.278,"end":2456.058}]},{"text":"Mexico is of the view that the Legal Subcommittee plays a central role when it comes to the development of international law, the promotion of legal certainty, as well as the sustainability of activities in outer As a founding member of COPUOS and as a state party to the 5 outer space treaties, Mexico reaffirms its commitment to the promotion and development of legal norms and standards, as well as to other non-binding mechanisms and tools that enable the peaceful and sustainable use of space for the benefit of all countries, regardless of their level of development.","start":2458.17,"end":2494.58,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-treaties","label":"Outer Space Treaties and International Legal Basis","description":"Several statements emphasized that any future regime for space activities must remain grounded in the existing UN outer space treaties, especially the Outer Space Treaty. Delegations repeatedly referred to core principles such as peaceful use, non-appropriation, due regard, and compatibility with current international law."},{"key":"space-environment","label":"Sustainability and Environmental Protection","description":"Many speakers linked space resource activities to the need to protect the space environment and ensure long-term sustainability. Issues raised included space debris, planetary protection, environmental impact assessment, avoiding harmful contamination, and preserving celestial bodies for future generations."},{"key":"equitable-access","label":"Equitable Access and Benefit Sharing","description":"A recurring theme was that all countries, including developing and emerging spacefaring nations, should have fair access to outer space and to the benefits derived from space resources. Delegations called for benefit-sharing arrangements, inclusive participation, and rules that avoid monopolization or first-come, first-served outcomes."}],"words":[{"text":"Mexico","start":2458.17,"end":2458.541},{"text":"is","start":2458.541,"end":2458.654},{"text":"of","start":2458.686,"end":2458.783},{"text":"the","start":2458.783,"end":2458.863},{"text":"view","start":2458.863,"end":2459.089},{"text":"that","start":2459.089,"end":2459.186},{"text":"the","start":2459.235,"end":2459.315},{"text":"Legal","start":2459.315,"end":2459.557},{"text":"Subcommittee","start":2459.557,"end":2460.138},{"text":"plays","start":2460.138,"end":2460.509},{"text":"a","start":2461.171,"end":2461.187},{"text":"central","start":2461.187,"end":2461.784},{"text":"role","start":2461.816,"end":2461.945},{"text":"when","start":2462.559,"end":2462.72},{"text":"it","start":2462.72,"end":2462.785},{"text":"comes","start":2462.785,"end":2463.011},{"text":"to","start":2463.043,"end":2463.14},{"text":"the","start":2463.188,"end":2463.285},{"text":"development","start":2463.285,"end":2463.721},{"text":"of","start":2463.753,"end":2463.85},{"text":"international","start":2463.85,"end":2464.495},{"text":"law,","start":2464.495,"end":2464.592},{"text":"the","start":2464.802,"end":2464.899},{"text":"promotion","start":2464.899,"end":2465.512},{"text":"of","start":2465.609,"end":2465.834},{"text":"legal","start":2465.931,"end":2466.206},{"text":"certainty,","start":2466.206,"end":2466.77},{"text":"as","start":2467.061,"end":2467.206},{"text":"well","start":2467.238,"end":2467.416},{"text":"as","start":2467.416,"end":2467.529},{"text":"the","start":2467.61,"end":2467.675},{"text":"sustainability","start":2467.708,"end":2468.432},{"text":"of","start":2468.695,"end":2468.859},{"text":"activities","start":2468.942,"end":2469.501},{"text":"in","start":2469.534,"end":2469.616},{"text":"outer","start":2469.616,"end":2469.83},{"text":"As","start":2472.473,"end":2472.538},{"text":"a","start":2472.651,"end":2472.732},{"text":"founding","start":2472.732,"end":2473.314},{"text":"member","start":2473.379,"end":2473.767},{"text":"of","start":2473.848,"end":2473.994},{"text":"COPUOS","start":2474.01,"end":2474.479},{"text":"and","start":2474.592,"end":2474.721},{"text":"as","start":2474.818,"end":2474.964},{"text":"a","start":2474.996,"end":2475.013},{"text":"state","start":2475.013,"end":2475.368},{"text":"party","start":2475.401,"end":2475.773},{"text":"to","start":2475.951,"end":2476.048},{"text":"the","start":2476.048,"end":2476.209},{"text":"5","start":2476.209,"end":2476.662},{"text":"outer","start":2476.759,"end":2476.937},{"text":"space","start":2476.953,"end":2477.341},{"text":"treaties,","start":2477.341,"end":2477.794},{"text":"Mexico","start":2478.473,"end":2478.959},{"text":"reaffirms","start":2479.023,"end":2479.573},{"text":"its","start":2479.67,"end":2479.832},{"text":"commitment","start":2479.832,"end":2480.479},{"text":"to","start":2480.479,"end":2480.641},{"text":"the","start":2480.641,"end":2480.721},{"text":"promotion","start":2480.721,"end":2481.11},{"text":"and","start":2481.222,"end":2481.303},{"text":"development","start":2481.303,"end":2482.029},{"text":"of","start":2482.094,"end":2482.336},{"text":"legal","start":2482.352,"end":2482.61},{"text":"norms","start":2482.61,"end":2482.965},{"text":"and","start":2482.981,"end":2483.062},{"text":"standards,","start":2483.062,"end":2483.611},{"text":"as","start":2483.643,"end":2483.772},{"text":"well","start":2483.804,"end":2483.982},{"text":"as","start":2483.982,"end":2484.095},{"text":"to","start":2484.127,"end":2484.256},{"text":"other","start":2484.353,"end":2484.627},{"text":"non-binding","start":2484.627,"end":2485.385},{"text":"mechanisms","start":2485.482,"end":2486.063},{"text":"and","start":2486.208,"end":2486.305},{"text":"tools","start":2486.305,"end":2486.725},{"text":"that","start":2487.499,"end":2487.741},{"text":"enable","start":2487.757,"end":2488.209},{"text":"the","start":2488.403,"end":2488.516},{"text":"peaceful","start":2488.564,"end":2488.984},{"text":"and","start":2488.984,"end":2489.129},{"text":"sustainable","start":2489.129,"end":2489.774},{"text":"use","start":2489.774,"end":2489.984},{"text":"of","start":2490.242,"end":2490.339},{"text":"space","start":2490.339,"end":2490.678},{"text":"for","start":2490.728,"end":2490.843},{"text":"the","start":2490.843,"end":2490.974},{"text":"benefit","start":2490.974,"end":2491.416},{"text":"of","start":2491.416,"end":2491.531},{"text":"all","start":2491.629,"end":2491.695},{"text":"countries,","start":2491.793,"end":2492.269},{"text":"regardless","start":2492.646,"end":2493.154},{"text":"of","start":2493.351,"end":2493.449},{"text":"their","start":2493.449,"end":2493.613},{"text":"level","start":2493.613,"end":2493.875},{"text":"of","start":2493.875,"end":2494.006},{"text":"development.","start":2494.006,"end":2494.58}]},{"text":"Mexico underscores its commitment to the effective implementation of the Outer Space Treaty, as well as to the other legal instruments that form the core of international space law.","start":2496.14,"end":2508.055,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-treaties","label":"Outer Space Treaties and International Legal Basis","description":"Several statements emphasized that any future regime for space activities must remain grounded in the existing UN outer space treaties, especially the Outer Space Treaty. Delegations repeatedly referred to core principles such as peaceful use, non-appropriation, due regard, and compatibility with current international law."}],"words":[{"text":"Mexico","start":2496.14,"end":2496.855},{"text":"underscores","start":2496.936,"end":2497.506},{"text":"its","start":2497.587,"end":2497.766},{"text":"commitment","start":2497.766,"end":2498.221},{"text":"to","start":2498.221,"end":2498.286},{"text":"the","start":2498.319,"end":2498.416},{"text":"effective","start":2498.416,"end":2498.872},{"text":"implementation","start":2498.872,"end":2499.669},{"text":"of","start":2499.783,"end":2499.913},{"text":"the","start":2499.945,"end":2500.157},{"text":"Outer","start":2500.173,"end":2500.417},{"text":"Space","start":2500.417,"end":2500.84},{"text":"Treaty,","start":2500.84,"end":2501.214},{"text":"as","start":2502.58,"end":2502.612},{"text":"well","start":2502.612,"end":2502.773},{"text":"as","start":2502.773,"end":2502.822},{"text":"to","start":2502.999,"end":2503.226},{"text":"the","start":2503.242,"end":2503.371},{"text":"other","start":2504.211,"end":2504.502},{"text":"legal","start":2504.534,"end":2504.776},{"text":"instruments","start":2504.776,"end":2505.277},{"text":"that","start":2505.277,"end":2505.438},{"text":"form","start":2505.438,"end":2505.729},{"text":"the","start":2505.907,"end":2506.084},{"text":"core","start":2506.084,"end":2506.359},{"text":"of","start":2506.876,"end":2506.973},{"text":"international","start":2506.973,"end":2507.506},{"text":"space","start":2507.538,"end":2507.942},{"text":"law.","start":2508.007,"end":2508.055}]},{"text":"And thus, we underscore the need to ensure that any legislative framework governing the exploration, exploitation, and utilization of space resources be fully compatible with existing international instruments.","start":2510.56,"end":2522.434,"topics":[{"key":"space-resource-governance","label":"Space Resource Governance","description":"Many delegations focused on developing internationally agreed principles or rules for the exploration, exploitation, and utilization of space resources. Speakers stressed that current discussions in the Legal Subcommittee and its Working Group should lay the foundation for a coherent global governance framework."},{"key":"outer-space-treaties","label":"Outer Space Treaties and International Legal Basis","description":"Several statements emphasized that any future regime for space activities must remain grounded in the existing UN outer space treaties, especially the Outer Space Treaty. Delegations repeatedly referred to core principles such as peaceful use, non-appropriation, due regard, and compatibility with current international law."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":2510.56,"end":2510.608},{"text":"thus,","start":2510.608,"end":2510.77},{"text":"we","start":2510.835,"end":2510.932},{"text":"underscore","start":2510.997,"end":2511.419},{"text":"the","start":2511.419,"end":2511.5},{"text":"need","start":2511.5,"end":2511.792},{"text":"to","start":2511.792,"end":2511.889},{"text":"ensure","start":2511.905,"end":2512.165},{"text":"that","start":2512.213,"end":2512.44},{"text":"any","start":2512.521,"end":2512.667},{"text":"legislative","start":2512.765,"end":2513.251},{"text":"framework","start":2513.251,"end":2513.9},{"text":"governing","start":2513.916,"end":2514.289},{"text":"the","start":2514.386,"end":2514.467},{"text":"exploration,","start":2514.483,"end":2515.164},{"text":"exploitation,","start":2515.278,"end":2515.991},{"text":"and","start":2516.024,"end":2516.105},{"text":"utilization","start":2516.105,"end":2516.948},{"text":"of","start":2516.997,"end":2517.126},{"text":"space","start":2517.142,"end":2517.434},{"text":"resources","start":2517.548,"end":2518.18},{"text":"be","start":2519.202,"end":2519.412},{"text":"fully","start":2519.412,"end":2519.639},{"text":"compatible","start":2519.64,"end":2520.424},{"text":"with","start":2520.718,"end":2520.833},{"text":"existing","start":2520.833,"end":2521.356},{"text":"international","start":2521.388,"end":2522.042},{"text":"instruments.","start":2522.042,"end":2522.434}]},{"text":"And here, the Mexican government reaffirms that all activities in outer space must be in line with the principles of cooperation, mutual assistance, shared benefit, and non-appropriation.","start":2524.195,"end":2537.03,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-treaties","label":"Outer Space Treaties and International Legal Basis","description":"Several statements emphasized that any future regime for space activities must remain grounded in the existing UN outer space treaties, especially the Outer Space Treaty. Delegations repeatedly referred to core principles such as peaceful use, non-appropriation, due regard, and compatibility with current international law."},{"key":"equitable-access","label":"Equitable Access and Benefit Sharing","description":"A recurring theme was that all countries, including developing and emerging spacefaring nations, should have fair access to outer space and to the benefits derived from space resources. Delegations called for benefit-sharing arrangements, inclusive participation, and rules that avoid monopolization or first-come, first-served outcomes."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":2524.195,"end":2524.292},{"text":"here,","start":2524.308,"end":2524.648},{"text":"the","start":2525.085,"end":2525.166},{"text":"Mexican","start":2525.166,"end":2525.635},{"text":"government","start":2525.651,"end":2526.153},{"text":"reaffirms","start":2526.153,"end":2526.768},{"text":"that","start":2526.865,"end":2527.043},{"text":"all","start":2527.108,"end":2527.415},{"text":"activities","start":2527.448,"end":2528.144},{"text":"in","start":2528.645,"end":2528.694},{"text":"outer","start":2528.807,"end":2528.985},{"text":"space","start":2528.985,"end":2529.454},{"text":"must","start":2530.199,"end":2530.523},{"text":"be","start":2530.523,"end":2530.733},{"text":"in","start":2530.749,"end":2530.895},{"text":"line","start":2530.927,"end":2531.218},{"text":"with","start":2531.251,"end":2531.397},{"text":"the","start":2531.397,"end":2531.477},{"text":"principles","start":2531.477,"end":2531.995},{"text":"of","start":2532.044,"end":2532.141},{"text":"cooperation,","start":2532.19,"end":2532.674},{"text":"mutual","start":2533.109,"end":2533.432},{"text":"assistance,","start":2533.432,"end":2534.061},{"text":"shared","start":2534.481,"end":2535.046},{"text":"benefit,","start":2535.046,"end":2535.53},{"text":"and","start":2535.852,"end":2536.062},{"text":"non-appropriation.","start":2536.094,"end":2537.03}]},{"text":"The legal certainty of activities in outer space will be progressively strengthened to the extent that our subcommittee reaches results.","start":2538.741,"end":2546.528,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2538.741,"end":2538.821},{"text":"legal","start":2538.821,"end":2539.096},{"text":"certainty","start":2539.096,"end":2539.628},{"text":"of","start":2539.628,"end":2539.709},{"text":"activities","start":2539.709,"end":2540.177},{"text":"in","start":2540.209,"end":2540.338},{"text":"outer","start":2540.354,"end":2540.596},{"text":"space","start":2540.596,"end":2541.048},{"text":"will","start":2541.58,"end":2541.71},{"text":"be","start":2541.71,"end":2541.823},{"text":"progressively","start":2541.823,"end":2542.518},{"text":"strengthened","start":2543.423,"end":2544.07},{"text":"to","start":2544.07,"end":2544.167},{"text":"the","start":2544.167,"end":2544.313},{"text":"extent","start":2544.313,"end":2544.798},{"text":"that","start":2544.798,"end":2544.911},{"text":"our","start":2544.911,"end":2545.056},{"text":"subcommittee","start":2545.056,"end":2545.687},{"text":"reaches","start":2545.703,"end":2545.994},{"text":"results.","start":2546.091,"end":2546.528}]},{"text":"And therefore, we praise the diligent work of the delegates present in this room And those leading the various working groups of the subcommittee.","start":2547.239,"end":2555.912,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":2547.239,"end":2547.304},{"text":"therefore,","start":2547.384,"end":2547.756},{"text":"we","start":2548.371,"end":2548.468},{"text":"praise","start":2548.694,"end":2549.147},{"text":"the","start":2549.179,"end":2549.341},{"text":"diligent","start":2549.341,"end":2549.826},{"text":"work","start":2549.826,"end":2550.149},{"text":"of","start":2550.149,"end":2550.23},{"text":"the","start":2550.23,"end":2550.311},{"text":"delegates","start":2550.311,"end":2550.78},{"text":"present","start":2550.78,"end":2551.281},{"text":"in","start":2551.281,"end":2551.33},{"text":"this","start":2551.33,"end":2551.56},{"text":"room","start":2551.56,"end":2551.982},{"text":"And","start":2552.909,"end":2553.07},{"text":"those","start":2553.07,"end":2553.294},{"text":"leading","start":2553.391,"end":2553.68},{"text":"the","start":2553.728,"end":2553.808},{"text":"various","start":2553.808,"end":2554.177},{"text":"working","start":2554.675,"end":2554.932},{"text":"groups","start":2554.932,"end":2555.189},{"text":"of","start":2555.189,"end":2555.269},{"text":"the","start":2555.317,"end":2555.398},{"text":"subcommittee.","start":2555.398,"end":2555.912}]},{"text":"In particular, Mexico welcomes the first zero draft of proposed principles on space resource activities presented by Professor Stephen Freeland.","start":2555.96,"end":2564.743,"topics":[{"key":"space-resource-governance","label":"Space Resource Governance","description":"Many delegations focused on developing internationally agreed principles or rules for the exploration, exploitation, and utilization of space resources. Speakers stressed that current discussions in the Legal Subcommittee and its Working Group should lay the foundation for a coherent global governance framework."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":2555.96,"end":2556.04},{"text":"particular,","start":2556.04,"end":2556.522},{"text":"Mexico","start":2556.538,"end":2557.084},{"text":"welcomes","start":2557.164,"end":2557.63},{"text":"the","start":2557.662,"end":2557.774},{"text":"first","start":2557.822,"end":2558.192},{"text":"zero","start":2558.224,"end":2558.625},{"text":"draft","start":2558.625,"end":2559.171},{"text":"of","start":2559.733,"end":2559.797},{"text":"proposed","start":2559.813,"end":2560.199},{"text":"principles","start":2560.231,"end":2560.841},{"text":"on","start":2560.873,"end":2560.921},{"text":"space","start":2561.018,"end":2561.355},{"text":"resource","start":2561.355,"end":2561.724},{"text":"activities","start":2561.836,"end":2562.527},{"text":"presented","start":2562.639,"end":2563.137},{"text":"by","start":2563.185,"end":2563.346},{"text":"Professor","start":2563.346,"end":2563.844},{"text":"Stephen","start":2563.844,"end":2564.245},{"text":"Freeland.","start":2564.245,"end":2564.743}]},{"text":"The contents, we believe, provide us with an excellent initial synthesis which appropriately reflects highly relevant principles such as the exclusively peaceful use, non-appropriation, and benefit for all of humankind.","start":2565.289,"end":2577.299,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-treaties","label":"Outer Space Treaties and International Legal Basis","description":"Several statements emphasized that any future regime for space activities must remain grounded in the existing UN outer space treaties, especially the Outer Space Treaty. Delegations repeatedly referred to core principles such as peaceful use, non-appropriation, due regard, and compatibility with current international law."},{"key":"equitable-access","label":"Equitable Access and Benefit Sharing","description":"A recurring theme was that all countries, including developing and emerging spacefaring nations, should have fair access to outer space and to the benefits derived from space resources. Delegations called for benefit-sharing arrangements, inclusive participation, and rules that avoid monopolization or first-come, first-served outcomes."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2565.289,"end":2565.369},{"text":"contents,","start":2565.369,"end":2566.075},{"text":"we","start":2566.653,"end":2566.814},{"text":"believe,","start":2566.814,"end":2567.103},{"text":"provide","start":2567.135,"end":2567.537},{"text":"us","start":2567.537,"end":2567.681},{"text":"with","start":2567.681,"end":2567.793},{"text":"an","start":2567.858,"end":2567.938},{"text":"excellent","start":2568.082,"end":2568.564},{"text":"initial","start":2568.644,"end":2568.95},{"text":"synthesis","start":2568.998,"end":2569.64},{"text":"which","start":2570.106,"end":2570.234},{"text":"appropriately","start":2570.25,"end":2570.796},{"text":"reflects","start":2570.973,"end":2571.486},{"text":"highly","start":2571.486,"end":2571.775},{"text":"relevant","start":2571.792,"end":2572.113},{"text":"principles","start":2572.113,"end":2572.498},{"text":"such","start":2572.498,"end":2572.755},{"text":"as","start":2572.755,"end":2572.803},{"text":"the","start":2572.835,"end":2572.98},{"text":"exclusively","start":2572.98,"end":2573.526},{"text":"peaceful","start":2573.558,"end":2573.943},{"text":"use,","start":2574.023,"end":2574.232},{"text":"non-appropriation,","start":2574.425,"end":2575.34},{"text":"and","start":2575.709,"end":2575.806},{"text":"benefit","start":2575.806,"end":2576.271},{"text":"for","start":2576.271,"end":2576.512},{"text":"all","start":2576.512,"end":2576.56},{"text":"of","start":2576.609,"end":2576.689},{"text":"humankind.","start":2576.689,"end":2577.299}]},{"text":"For our country, developing space capacity represents not only a strategic strand driving technological growth, but is equally a fundamental tool to promote sustainable development and social inclusion.","start":2577.798,"end":2590.514,"topics":[{"key":"capacity-building","label":"Capacity Building and International Cooperation","description":"A number of statements emphasized fellowships, technical assistance, knowledge sharing, education, and cooperative projects as essential for broad participation in space activities. Delegations viewed international cooperation as necessary both for strengthening legal awareness and for helping developing countries build their own space capabilities."}],"words":[{"text":"For","start":2577.798,"end":2578.539},{"text":"our","start":2578.539,"end":2578.701},{"text":"country,","start":2578.701,"end":2579.152},{"text":"developing","start":2579.442,"end":2579.877},{"text":"space","start":2579.909,"end":2580.232},{"text":"capacity","start":2580.232,"end":2580.893},{"text":"represents","start":2581.038,"end":2581.618},{"text":"not","start":2581.618,"end":2581.924},{"text":"only","start":2581.924,"end":2582.182},{"text":"a","start":2582.182,"end":2582.246},{"text":"strategic","start":2582.246,"end":2583.068},{"text":"strand","start":2583.439,"end":2584.068},{"text":"driving","start":2584.245,"end":2584.551},{"text":"technological","start":2584.648,"end":2585.309},{"text":"growth,","start":2585.309,"end":2585.567},{"text":"but","start":2585.615,"end":2585.696},{"text":"is","start":2585.696,"end":2585.728},{"text":"equally","start":2585.873,"end":2586.179},{"text":"a","start":2586.179,"end":2586.195},{"text":"fundamental","start":2586.195,"end":2586.824},{"text":"tool","start":2586.904,"end":2587.275},{"text":"to","start":2587.71,"end":2587.823},{"text":"promote","start":2587.871,"end":2588.274},{"text":"sustainable","start":2588.274,"end":2588.838},{"text":"development","start":2588.838,"end":2589.483},{"text":"and","start":2589.499,"end":2589.596},{"text":"social","start":2589.596,"end":2589.982},{"text":"inclusion.","start":2589.982,"end":2590.514}]},{"text":"Through recent initiatives, our country has prioritized the use of small satellites to tackle challenges such as natural disaster management, detecting forest fires, climate monitoring, and protection of critical 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the importance of connectivity and national security, the Mexican government has established a roadmap which will provide for the launch of a Mexican telecommunications satellite in geostationary orbit in 2027.","start":2608.049,"end":2622.628,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Given","start":2608.049,"end":2608.289},{"text":"the","start":2608.289,"end":2608.386},{"text":"importance","start":2608.386,"end":2609.092},{"text":"of","start":2609.092,"end":2609.221},{"text":"connectivity","start":2609.253,"end":2609.863},{"text":"and","start":2610.04,"end":2610.136},{"text":"national","start":2610.136,"end":2610.553},{"text":"security,","start":2610.553,"end":2611.308},{"text":"the","start":2611.742,"end":2611.822},{"text":"Mexican","start":2611.822,"end":2612.271},{"text":"government","start":2612.304,"end":2612.737},{"text":"has","start":2612.785,"end":2612.914},{"text":"established","start":2612.962,"end":2613.508},{"text":"a","start":2613.508,"end":2613.62},{"text":"roadmap","start":2613.668,"end":2614.311},{"text":"which","start":2614.873,"end":2615.001},{"text":"will","start":2615.097,"end":2615.162},{"text":"provide","start":2615.194,"end":2615.643},{"text":"for","start":2615.659,"end":2615.836},{"text":"the","start":2615.836,"end":2615.997},{"text":"launch","start":2615.997,"end":2616.318},{"text":"of","start":2616.318,"end":2616.414},{"text":"a","start":2616.462,"end":2616.494},{"text":"Mexican","start":2616.494,"end":2617.088},{"text":"telecommunications","start":2617.265,"end":2618.261},{"text":"satellite","start":2618.405,"end":2618.983},{"text":"in","start":2619.192,"end":2619.24},{"text":"geostationary","start":2619.352,"end":2620.22},{"text":"orbit","start":2620.316,"end":2620.653},{"text":"in","start":2621.119,"end":2621.279},{"text":"2027.","start":2621.279,"end":2622.628}]},{"text":"The objective is to broaden access to communication services throughout our national territory in particular for remote communities.","start":2623.367,"end":2630.655,"topics":[{"key":"equitable-access","label":"Equitable Access and Benefit Sharing","description":"A recurring theme was that all countries, including developing and emerging spacefaring nations, should have fair access to outer space and to the benefits derived from space resources. Delegations called for benefit-sharing arrangements, inclusive participation, and rules that avoid monopolization or first-come, first-served outcomes."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2623.367,"end":2623.463},{"text":"objective","start":2623.463,"end":2623.945},{"text":"is","start":2623.945,"end":2624.073},{"text":"to","start":2624.266,"end":2624.475},{"text":"broaden","start":2624.908,"end":2625.342},{"text":"access","start":2625.454,"end":2625.759},{"text":"to","start":2625.855,"end":2625.952},{"text":"communication","start":2625.952,"end":2626.674},{"text":"services","start":2626.674,"end":2627.124},{"text":"throughout","start":2627.22,"end":2627.622},{"text":"our","start":2627.622,"end":2627.686},{"text":"national","start":2627.686,"end":2628.071},{"text":"territory","start":2628.119,"end":2628.569},{"text":"in","start":2628.922,"end":2629.066},{"text":"particular","start":2629.066,"end":2629.484},{"text":"for","start":2629.484,"end":2629.644},{"text":"remote","start":2629.708,"end":2630.045},{"text":"communities.","start":2630.045,"end":2630.655}]},{"text":"These efforts are flanked by institutional reorganization through the establishment of the Mexican Space Program, comprising the Mexican Space Agency as well as the Mexican Satellite System, thus optimizing resources and capacities in order to be able to make coordinated progress in our new projects.","start":2631.409,"end":2648.707,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"These","start":2631.409,"end":2631.618},{"text":"efforts","start":2631.875,"end":2632.372},{"text":"are","start":2632.516,"end":2632.565},{"text":"flanked","start":2632.837,"end":2633.335},{"text":"by","start":2633.335,"end":2633.56},{"text":"institutional","start":2633.592,"end":2634.266},{"text":"reorganization","start":2634.282,"end":2635.309},{"text":"through","start":2635.325,"end":2635.501},{"text":"the","start":2635.581,"end":2635.662},{"text":"establishment","start":2635.662,"end":2636.336},{"text":"of","start":2636.384,"end":2636.48},{"text":"the","start":2636.528,"end":2636.592},{"text":"Mexican","start":2636.592,"end":2637.042},{"text":"Space","start":2637.042,"end":2637.427},{"text":"Program,","start":2637.427,"end":2637.94},{"text":"comprising","start":2638.373,"end":2638.839},{"text":"the","start":2638.871,"end":2638.967},{"text":"Mexican","start":2638.967,"end":2639.513},{"text":"Space","start":2639.513,"end":2639.914},{"text":"Agency","start":2639.978,"end":2640.411},{"text":"as","start":2640.476,"end":2640.524},{"text":"well","start":2640.556,"end":2640.716},{"text":"as","start":2640.716,"end":2640.764},{"text":"the","start":2640.796,"end":2640.925},{"text":"Mexican","start":2640.925,"end":2641.422},{"text":"Satellite","start":2641.422,"end":2641.92},{"text":"System,","start":2641.92,"end":2642.449},{"text":"thus","start":2642.786,"end":2643.043},{"text":"optimizing","start":2643.123,"end":2643.733},{"text":"resources","start":2643.829,"end":2644.423},{"text":"and","start":2644.632,"end":2644.744},{"text":"capacities","start":2644.792,"end":2645.418},{"text":"in","start":2645.771,"end":2645.819},{"text":"order","start":2645.931,"end":2646.156},{"text":"to","start":2646.156,"end":2646.204},{"text":"be","start":2646.236,"end":2646.316},{"text":"able","start":2646.397,"end":2646.557},{"text":"to","start":2646.557,"end":2646.637},{"text":"make","start":2646.637,"end":2646.798},{"text":"coordinated","start":2646.798,"end":2647.343},{"text":"progress","start":2647.376,"end":2647.745},{"text":"in","start":2647.857,"end":2647.921},{"text":"our","start":2647.921,"end":2648.017},{"text":"new","start":2648.017,"end":2648.178},{"text":"projects.","start":2648.242,"end":2648.707}]},{"text":"At the same time, Mexico is working on a draft outer space law seeking to establish an up-to-date legislative framework that is in line with our international commitments and adapted to the challenges of the new space economy.","start":2649.221,"end":2662.055,"topics":[{"key":"national-space-laws","label":"National Space Laws and Oversight of Private Actors","description":"Delegations highlighted the growing importance of national legislation to authorize, supervise, and regulate space activities, particularly those undertaken by private companies. 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Delegations called for benefit-sharing arrangements, inclusive participation, and rules that avoid monopolization or first-come, first-served outcomes."}],"words":[{"text":"Mexico","start":2662.922,"end":2663.309},{"text":"underscores","start":2663.39,"end":2663.939},{"text":"that","start":2664.036,"end":2664.165},{"text":"international","start":2664.375,"end":2665.021},{"text":"cooperation","start":2665.021,"end":2665.715},{"text":"led","start":2666.215,"end":2666.361},{"text":"by","start":2666.474,"end":2666.635},{"text":"transparency","start":2666.635,"end":2667.426},{"text":"and","start":2667.426,"end":2667.507},{"text":"mutual","start":2667.507,"end":2667.862},{"text":"assistance","start":2667.862,"end":2668.331},{"text":"is","start":2668.653,"end":2668.702},{"text":"fundamental","start":2668.815,"end":2669.38},{"text":"in","start":2669.38,"end":2669.509},{"text":"guaranteeing","start":2669.525,"end":2670.074},{"text":"that","start":2670.107,"end":2670.252},{"text":"space","start":2670.252,"end":2670.526},{"text":"activities","start":2670.526,"end":2671.043},{"text":"benefit","start":2671.075,"end":2671.543},{"text":"all","start":2671.624,"end":2671.753},{"text":"countries","start":2671.92,"end":2672.246},{"text":"irrespective","start":2672.687,"end":2673.324},{"text":"of","start":2673.504,"end":2673.602},{"text":"their","start":2673.651,"end":2673.749},{"text":"level","start":2673.749,"end":2674.026},{"text":"of","start":2674.075,"end":2674.157},{"text":"development.","start":2674.157,"end":2674.745}]},{"text":"And thus Mexico recalls that no state on its own has the capacity to fully tackle the current challenges of outer space, and that full respect for the 5 treaties provides the best point of departure to ensure global space governance that is based on equity, cooperation, legal certainty, and the peaceful use of outer space.","start":2678.39,"end":2700.16,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-treaties","label":"Outer Space Treaties and International Legal Basis","description":"Several statements emphasized that any future regime for space activities must remain grounded in the existing UN outer space treaties, especially the Outer Space Treaty. 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you very much for your attention, Chair and delegates.","start":2702.16,"end":2704.81,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":2702.16,"end":2702.276},{"text":"you","start":2702.276,"end":2702.36},{"text":"very","start":2702.36,"end":2702.543},{"text":"much","start":2702.543,"end":2702.743},{"text":"for","start":2702.843,"end":2702.91},{"text":"your","start":2702.926,"end":2703.026},{"text":"attention,","start":2703.026,"end":2703.576},{"text":"Chair","start":2704.009,"end":2704.31},{"text":"and","start":2704.343,"end":2704.426},{"text":"delegates.","start":2704.426,"end":2704.81}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"MEX","affiliation_full":"Mexico","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":9,"start":2707.904,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1e/k1ev2fwlsa?t=2708","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of Mexico for his 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Ripoll","affiliation":"COPUOS","affiliation_full":"COPUOS","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":10,"start":2723.12,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1e/k1ev2fwlsa?t=2724","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you very much, Chair.","start":2723.12,"end":2723.896,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":2723.12,"end":2723.249},{"text":"you","start":2723.249,"end":2723.314},{"text":"very","start":2723.314,"end":2723.443},{"text":"much,","start":2723.475,"end":2723.605},{"text":"Chair.","start":2723.702,"end":2723.896}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"Chair, distinguished representatives, I would like to salute you, Professor Paul Carulla, and wish you all the best in conducting the works of this session, which I'm sure it will be 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to the statements delivered earlier by the distinguished representative of the European Union, which we fully support in all its extension, including in the reference to the current situation in Ukraine, we'd like to convey some additional points in this 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Portugal has revised its national space legislation to regulate the licensing of spaceports, thereby helping to facilitate access to space, an issue of particular importance in European territory.","start":2762.823,"end":2776.069,"topics":[{"key":"national-space-laws","label":"National Space Laws and Oversight of Private Actors","description":"Delegations highlighted the growing importance of national legislation to authorize, supervise, and regulate space activities, particularly those undertaken by private companies. 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Delegations viewed international cooperation as necessary both for strengthening legal awareness and for helping developing countries build their own space capabilities."},{"key":"outer-space-treaties","label":"Outer Space Treaties and International Legal Basis","description":"Several statements emphasized that any future regime for space activities must remain grounded in the existing UN outer space treaties, especially the Outer Space Treaty. Delegations repeatedly referred to core principles such as peaceful use, non-appropriation, due regard, and compatibility with current international law."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":2842.18,"end":2842.421},{"text":"are","start":2842.646,"end":2842.774},{"text":"all","start":2843.127,"end":2843.175},{"text":"aware","start":2843.304,"end":2843.721},{"text":"of","start":2843.849,"end":2843.897},{"text":"the","start":2843.946,"end":2844.09},{"text":"importance","start":2844.09,"end":2844.652},{"text":"of","start":2844.652,"end":2844.716},{"text":"capacity","start":2844.748,"end":2845.278},{"text":"building,","start":2845.31,"end":2845.679},{"text":"and","start":2846.177,"end":2846.514},{"text":"in","start":2846.514,"end":2846.562},{"text":"the","start":2846.594,"end":2846.674},{"text":"case","start":2846.674,"end":2846.931},{"text":"of","start":2846.931,"end":2847.043},{"text":"this","start":2847.075,"end":2847.188},{"text":"subcommittee,","start":2847.236,"end":2847.958},{"text":"notably","start":2848.279,"end":2848.729},{"text":"of","start":2848.921,"end":2849.017},{"text":"the","start":2849.017,"end":2849.114},{"text":"awareness","start":2849.146,"end":2849.595},{"text":"of","start":2849.868,"end":2850.173},{"text":"and","start":2850.526,"end":2850.59},{"text":"adherence","start":2850.622,"end":2851.024},{"text":"to","start":2851.152,"end":2851.377},{"text":"international","start":2851.489,"end":2852.051},{"text":"space","start":2852.051,"end":2852.404},{"text":"law","start":2852.532,"end":2852.613},{"text":"as","start":2853.094,"end":2853.142},{"text":"the","start":2853.174,"end":2853.399},{"text":"cornerstone","start":2853.399,"end":2854.025},{"text":"of","start":2854.137,"end":2854.266},{"text":"all","start":2854.442,"end":2854.49},{"text":"space","start":2854.555,"end":2854.908},{"text":"activities.","start":2855.02,"end":2855.63}]},{"text":"Portugal is glad to contribute to the Space Law for New Space Actors project and assist the office in technical advisory missions with the technical participation of national legal experts.","start":2856.304,"end":2868.098,"topics":[{"key":"capacity-building","label":"Capacity Building and International Cooperation","description":"A number of statements emphasized fellowships, technical assistance, knowledge sharing, education, and cooperative projects as essential for broad participation in space activities. Delegations viewed international cooperation as necessary both for strengthening legal awareness and for helping developing countries build their own space capabilities."}],"words":[{"text":"Portugal","start":2856.304,"end":2856.657},{"text":"is","start":2856.705,"end":2856.754},{"text":"glad","start":2856.85,"end":2857.091},{"text":"to","start":2857.091,"end":2857.171},{"text":"contribute","start":2857.171,"end":2857.62},{"text":"to","start":2857.668,"end":2857.765},{"text":"the","start":2857.765,"end":2857.845},{"text":"Space","start":2857.845,"end":2858.31},{"text":"Law","start":2858.31,"end":2858.471},{"text":"for","start":2858.471,"end":2858.696},{"text":"New","start":2858.696,"end":2858.808},{"text":"Space","start":2858.808,"end":2859.273},{"text":"Actors","start":2859.338,"end":2859.61},{"text":"project","start":2859.675,"end":2860.477},{"text":"and","start":2861.119,"end":2861.649},{"text":"assist","start":2862.243,"end":2862.644},{"text":"the","start":2862.644,"end":2862.788},{"text":"office","start":2862.869,"end":2863.302},{"text":"in","start":2863.607,"end":2863.655},{"text":"technical","start":2863.751,"end":2864.169},{"text":"advisory","start":2864.169,"end":2864.586},{"text":"missions","start":2864.65,"end":2865.019},{"text":"with","start":2865.276,"end":2865.372},{"text":"the","start":2865.372,"end":2865.452},{"text":"technical","start":2865.452,"end":2865.837},{"text":"participation","start":2865.917,"end":2866.639},{"text":"of","start":2866.639,"end":2866.735},{"text":"national","start":2866.799,"end":2867.152},{"text":"legal","start":2867.2,"end":2867.393},{"text":"experts.","start":2867.521,"end":2868.098}]},{"text":"Chair, the works of the current session are indeed challenging.","start":2868.724,"end":2872.316,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Chair,","start":2868.724,"end":2869.077},{"text":"the","start":2869.526,"end":2869.606},{"text":"works","start":2869.622,"end":2869.83},{"text":"of","start":2869.927,"end":2870.007},{"text":"the","start":2870.023,"end":2870.103},{"text":"current","start":2870.103,"end":2870.488},{"text":"session","start":2870.488,"end":2870.953},{"text":"are","start":2871.129,"end":2871.177},{"text":"indeed","start":2871.37,"end":2871.851},{"text":"challenging.","start":2871.851,"end":2872.316}]},{"text":"Regarding space resources, we'd like to start by again expressing our sorrow on the passing of Ambassador Andrzej Mieczal to the Polish delegation.","start":2872.829,"end":2880.767,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Regarding","start":2872.829,"end":2873.198},{"text":"space","start":2873.214,"end":2873.615},{"text":"resources,","start":2873.615,"end":2874.128},{"text":"we'd","start":2874.272,"end":2874.401},{"text":"like","start":2874.417,"end":2874.593},{"text":"to","start":2874.609,"end":2874.738},{"text":"start","start":2874.738,"end":2875.155},{"text":"by","start":2875.155,"end":2875.299},{"text":"again","start":2875.379,"end":2875.732},{"text":"expressing","start":2875.812,"end":2876.325},{"text":"our","start":2876.421,"end":2876.598},{"text":"sorrow","start":2876.598,"end":2877.079},{"text":"on","start":2877.079,"end":2877.175},{"text":"the","start":2877.223,"end":2877.319},{"text":"passing","start":2877.319,"end":2877.688},{"text":"of","start":2878.121,"end":2878.218},{"text":"Ambassador","start":2878.266,"end":2878.747},{"text":"Andrzej","start":2878.827,"end":2879.1},{"text":"Mieczal","start":2879.228,"end":2879.516},{"text":"to","start":2879.565,"end":2879.709},{"text":"the","start":2879.709,"end":2879.805},{"text":"Polish","start":2879.805,"end":2880.094},{"text":"delegation.","start":2880.126,"end":2880.767}]},{"text":"Ambassador Mieczal was a very respected and cherished member of the space community.","start":2881.248,"end":2885.113,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Ambassador","start":2881.248,"end":2881.633},{"text":"Mieczal","start":2881.633,"end":2882.114},{"text":"was","start":2882.13,"end":2882.259},{"text":"a","start":2882.307,"end":2882.323},{"text":"very","start":2882.371,"end":2882.579},{"text":"respected","start":2882.596,"end":2883.237},{"text":"and","start":2883.317,"end":2883.397},{"text":"cherished","start":2883.397,"end":2883.734},{"text":"member","start":2883.734,"end":2884.055},{"text":"of","start":2884.055,"end":2884.151},{"text":"the","start":2884.151,"end":2884.231},{"text":"space","start":2884.231,"end":2884.6},{"text":"community.","start":2884.6,"end":2885.113}]},{"text":"Looking ahead of us, a deep recognition to Professor Stephen Freeland for having prepared the initial draft set of recommended principles for space resource activities.","start":2885.883,"end":2894.366,"topics":[{"key":"space-resource-governance","label":"Space Resource Governance","description":"Many delegations focused on developing internationally agreed principles or rules for the exploration, exploitation, and utilization of space resources. Speakers stressed that current discussions in the Legal Subcommittee and its Working Group should lay the foundation for a coherent global governance framework."}],"words":[{"text":"Looking","start":2885.883,"end":2886.092},{"text":"ahead","start":2886.14,"end":2886.444},{"text":"of","start":2886.444,"end":2886.508},{"text":"us,","start":2886.621,"end":2886.877},{"text":"a","start":2886.941,"end":2886.958},{"text":"deep","start":2887.022,"end":2887.262},{"text":"recognition","start":2887.262,"end":2887.823},{"text":"to","start":2887.823,"end":2887.968},{"text":"Professor","start":2887.968,"end":2888.321},{"text":"Stephen","start":2888.321,"end":2888.673},{"text":"Freeland","start":2888.706,"end":2889.235},{"text":"for","start":2889.507,"end":2889.732},{"text":"having","start":2889.732,"end":2889.956},{"text":"prepared","start":2889.988,"end":2890.389},{"text":"the","start":2890.389,"end":2890.454},{"text":"initial","start":2890.47,"end":2890.983},{"text":"draft","start":2891.015,"end":2891.801},{"text":"set","start":2891.32,"end":2891.576},{"text":"of","start":2891.576,"end":2891.64},{"text":"recommended","start":2891.672,"end":2892.281},{"text":"principles","start":2892.314,"end":2892.762},{"text":"for","start":2892.859,"end":2892.955},{"text":"space","start":2892.955,"end":2893.34},{"text":"resource","start":2893.34,"end":2893.708},{"text":"activities.","start":2893.837,"end":2894.366}]},{"text":"We are confident that already this session, both in formal and informal meetings of the working group, tangible progress can be made, especially on part 1, as this is truly a pressing topic that urges to be properly addressed by the international community as a whole, as this is the only way to indeed preserve space.","start":2895.119,"end":2914.967,"topics":[{"key":"space-resource-governance","label":"Space Resource Governance","description":"Many delegations focused on developing internationally agreed principles or rules for the exploration, exploitation, and utilization of space resources. Speakers stressed that current discussions in the Legal Subcommittee and its Working Group should lay the foundation for a coherent global governance framework."},{"key":"space-environment","label":"Sustainability and Environmental Protection","description":"Many speakers linked space resource activities to the need to protect the space environment and ensure long-term sustainability. Issues raised included space debris, planetary protection, environmental impact assessment, avoiding harmful contamination, and preserving celestial bodies for future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":2895.119,"end":2895.199},{"text":"are","start":2895.215,"end":2895.296},{"text":"confident","start":2895.344,"end":2895.953},{"text":"that","start":2896.001,"end":2896.322},{"text":"already","start":2896.386,"end":2896.867},{"text":"this","start":2896.883,"end":2897.011},{"text":"session,","start":2897.043,"end":2897.524},{"text":"both","start":2897.909,"end":2898.053},{"text":"in","start":2898.165,"end":2898.213},{"text":"formal","start":2898.31,"end":2898.855},{"text":"and","start":2898.951,"end":2899.031},{"text":"informal","start":2899.047,"end":2899.608},{"text":"meetings","start":2899.608,"end":2899.897},{"text":"of","start":2899.929,"end":2900.009},{"text":"the","start":2900.009,"end":2900.169},{"text":"working","start":2900.169,"end":2900.442},{"text":"group,","start":2900.474,"end":2900.666},{"text":"tangible","start":2901.131,"end":2901.596},{"text":"progress","start":2901.612,"end":2901.965},{"text":"can","start":2902.077,"end":2902.462},{"text":"be","start":2902.638,"end":2902.734},{"text":"made,","start":2902.734,"end":2903.183},{"text":"especially","start":2903.472,"end":2903.937},{"text":"on","start":2903.937,"end":2904.033},{"text":"part","start":2904.097,"end":2904.402},{"text":"1,","start":2904.402,"end":2904.626},{"text":"as","start":2905.043,"end":2905.107},{"text":"this","start":2905.139,"end":2905.3},{"text":"is","start":2905.3,"end":2905.348},{"text":"truly","start":2905.524,"end":2905.829},{"text":"a","start":2905.941,"end":2905.957},{"text":"pressing","start":2906.085,"end":2906.47},{"text":"topic","start":2906.582,"end":2906.919},{"text":"that","start":2906.919,"end":2907.24},{"text":"urges","start":2907.368,"end":2907.592},{"text":"to","start":2907.688,"end":2907.785},{"text":"be","start":2907.785,"end":2907.865},{"text":"properly","start":2907.929,"end":2908.41},{"text":"addressed","start":2908.41,"end":2908.779},{"text":"by","start":2909.228,"end":2909.308},{"text":"the","start":2909.308,"end":2909.372},{"text":"international","start":2909.372,"end":2910.093},{"text":"community","start":2910.189,"end":2910.67},{"text":"as","start":2911.135,"end":2911.2},{"text":"a","start":2911.296,"end":2911.312},{"text":"whole,","start":2911.312,"end":2911.456},{"text":"as","start":2912.177,"end":2912.242},{"text":"this","start":2912.274,"end":2912.498},{"text":"is","start":2912.498,"end":2912.562},{"text":"the","start":2912.578,"end":2912.739},{"text":"only","start":2912.835,"end":2913.043},{"text":"way","start":2913.139,"end":2913.38},{"text":"to","start":2913.38,"end":2913.636},{"text":"indeed","start":2913.636,"end":2914.005},{"text":"preserve","start":2914.182,"end":2914.486},{"text":"space.","start":2914.534,"end":2914.967}]},{"text":"We are also looking forward for the continuity on the informal consultations on the action team on lunar activities, a mechanism that is of fundamental importance as lunar activities become increasingly recurrent by different space actors and different space latitudes.","start":2916.105,"end":2931.243,"topics":[{"key":"lunar-activities","label":"Lunar Activities and Exploration","description":"The Moon featured prominently as states discussed lunar missions, regolith studies, exploration programs, and the Action Team on Lunar Activities Consultation. Speakers treated lunar activity as an urgent area where legal guidance, coordination, and practical norms are increasingly needed."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":2916.105,"end":2916.218},{"text":"are","start":2916.426,"end":2916.618},{"text":"also","start":2916.683,"end":2917.003},{"text":"looking","start":2917.003,"end":2917.276},{"text":"forward","start":2917.308,"end":2917.693},{"text":"for","start":2917.725,"end":2917.837},{"text":"the","start":2917.837,"end":2917.965},{"text":"continuity","start":2917.965,"end":2918.494},{"text":"on","start":2918.51,"end":2918.558},{"text":"the","start":2918.59,"end":2918.671},{"text":"informal","start":2918.671,"end":2919.071},{"text":"consultations","start":2919.071,"end":2919.697},{"text":"on","start":2919.729,"end":2919.777},{"text":"the","start":2919.809,"end":2919.889},{"text":"action","start":2919.969,"end":2920.29},{"text":"team","start":2920.29,"end":2920.546},{"text":"on","start":2920.594,"end":2920.659},{"text":"lunar","start":2920.771,"end":2920.979},{"text":"activities,","start":2921.14,"end":2921.46},{"text":"a","start":2921.893,"end":2921.909},{"text":"mechanism","start":2921.909,"end":2922.535},{"text":"that","start":2922.535,"end":2922.711},{"text":"is","start":2922.711,"end":2922.823},{"text":"of","start":2922.936,"end":2923.016},{"text":"fundamental","start":2923.016,"end":2923.673},{"text":"importance","start":2923.722,"end":2924.459},{"text":"as","start":2924.684,"end":2924.748},{"text":"lunar","start":2924.86,"end":2925.197},{"text":"activities","start":2925.405,"end":2925.951},{"text":"become","start":2926.047,"end":2926.336},{"text":"increasingly","start":2926.608,"end":2927.266},{"text":"recurrent","start":2927.266,"end":2927.891},{"text":"by","start":2928.148,"end":2928.308},{"text":"different","start":2928.308,"end":2928.581},{"text":"space","start":2928.613,"end":2928.902},{"text":"actors","start":2929.11,"end":2929.479},{"text":"and","start":2929.832,"end":2929.896},{"text":"different","start":2929.912,"end":2930.249},{"text":"space","start":2930.249,"end":2930.666},{"text":"latitudes.","start":2930.794,"end":2931.243}]},{"text":"Portugal supports Germany's proposal regarding the kickoff in studying legal and policy aspects of space traffic, and to identify legal and policy aspects related to space traffic coordination and management, taking into account several levels of best practices, norms, and regulations besides the international legal framework, as we believe that the envisaged outcome can be a very useful instrument to support member states addressing space traffic management with both the accuracy and flexibility necessary.","start":2932.318,"end":2963.466,"topics":[{"key":"space-traffic","label":"Space Traffic and Operational Coordination","description":"Some delegations highlighted the need to study the legal and policy aspects of space traffic coordination and management as space operations become more crowded. Related concerns included consultation, interoperability, security zones, and practical mechanisms to reduce risks and prevent conflicts."}],"words":[{"text":"Portugal","start":2932.318,"end":2932.702},{"text":"supports","start":2932.718,"end":2933.264},{"text":"Germany's","start":2933.264,"end":2933.585},{"text":"proposal","start":2933.601,"end":2934.226},{"text":"regarding","start":2934.242,"end":2934.611},{"text":"the","start":2934.707,"end":2934.868},{"text":"kickoff","start":2934.868,"end":2935.397},{"text":"in","start":2935.429,"end":2935.525},{"text":"studying","start":2935.525,"end":2935.894},{"text":"legal","start":2936.006,"end":2936.311},{"text":"and","start":2936.311,"end":2936.471},{"text":"policy","start":2936.471,"end":2936.856},{"text":"aspects","start":2937.049,"end":2937.466},{"text":"of","start":2937.466,"end":2937.578},{"text":"space","start":2937.594,"end":2937.995},{"text":"traffic,","start":2937.995,"end":2938.428},{"text":"and","start":2938.813,"end":2938.877},{"text":"to","start":2938.957,"end":2939.069},{"text":"identify","start":2939.069,"end":2939.855},{"text":"legal","start":2939.935,"end":2940.192},{"text":"and","start":2940.24,"end":2940.304},{"text":"policy","start":2940.336,"end":2940.817},{"text":"aspects","start":2940.962,"end":2941.331},{"text":"related","start":2941.379,"end":2941.78},{"text":"to","start":2941.78,"end":2941.86},{"text":"space","start":2941.86,"end":2942.132},{"text":"traffic","start":2942.245,"end":2942.646},{"text":"coordination","start":2942.646,"end":2943.159},{"text":"and","start":2943.159,"end":2943.271},{"text":"management,","start":2943.303,"end":2943.848},{"text":"taking","start":2944.281,"end":2944.538},{"text":"into","start":2944.586,"end":2944.827},{"text":"account","start":2944.827,"end":2945.404},{"text":"several","start":2945.613,"end":2946.094},{"text":"levels","start":2946.094,"end":2946.398},{"text":"of","start":2946.43,"end":2946.559},{"text":"best","start":2946.591,"end":2946.992},{"text":"practices,","start":2946.88,"end":2947.281},{"text":"norms,","start":2947.377,"end":2947.682},{"text":"and","start":2947.779,"end":2947.875},{"text":"regulations","start":2947.875,"end":2948.485},{"text":"besides","start":2948.758,"end":2949.127},{"text":"the","start":2949.224,"end":2949.304},{"text":"international","start":2949.304,"end":2949.914},{"text":"legal","start":2949.962,"end":2950.364},{"text":"framework,","start":2950.444,"end":2951.151},{"text":"as","start":2951.873,"end":2951.937},{"text":"we","start":2952.034,"end":2952.194},{"text":"believe","start":2952.194,"end":2952.499},{"text":"that","start":2952.596,"end":2952.708},{"text":"the","start":2952.756,"end":2952.853},{"text":"envisaged","start":2952.853,"end":2953.382},{"text":"outcome","start":2953.479,"end":2953.977},{"text":"can","start":2953.977,"end":2954.185},{"text":"be","start":2954.282,"end":2954.442},{"text":"a","start":2954.522,"end":2954.539},{"text":"very","start":2954.603,"end":2954.988},{"text":"useful","start":2955.084,"end":2955.406},{"text":"instrument","start":2955.566,"end":2956.224},{"text":"to","start":2956.465,"end":2956.594},{"text":"support","start":2956.61,"end":2957.172},{"text":"member","start":2957.172,"end":2957.445},{"text":"states","start":2957.445,"end":2958.007},{"text":"addressing","start":2958.007,"end":2958.488},{"text":"space","start":2958.553,"end":2958.954},{"text":"traffic","start":2958.954,"end":2959.227},{"text":"management","start":2959.339,"end":2959.934},{"text":"with","start":2960.158,"end":2960.287},{"text":"both","start":2960.319,"end":2960.528},{"text":"the","start":2960.785,"end":2960.945},{"text":"accuracy","start":2961.025,"end":2961.571},{"text":"and","start":2961.764,"end":2961.828},{"text":"flexibility","start":2961.844,"end":2962.695},{"text":"necessary.","start":2962.872,"end":2963.466}]},{"text":"And the final words to welcome again the International Institute of Space Law and the European Center for Space Law Annual Space Law Symposium This you regard as an essential principle to minimize conflicts and reduce risk, thus allowing the balanced development of the so-called upon principle of freedom of use and exploration of outer space.","start":2964.333,"end":2984.902,"topics":[{"key":"space-traffic","label":"Space Traffic and Operational Coordination","description":"Some delegations highlighted the need to study the legal and policy aspects of space traffic coordination and management as space operations become more crowded. 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Speakers stressed that current discussions in the Legal Subcommittee and its Working Group should lay the foundation for a coherent global governance framework."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3136.397,"end":3136.557},{"text":"believe","start":3136.557,"end":3136.845},{"text":"that","start":3136.877,"end":3137.182},{"text":"the","start":3137.182,"end":3137.278},{"text":"UNOSA","start":3137.278,"end":3137.791},{"text":"and","start":3138.239,"end":3138.303},{"text":"its","start":3138.416,"end":3138.56},{"text":"subsidiary","start":3138.56,"end":3139.169},{"text":"bodies","start":3139.201,"end":3139.489},{"text":"is","start":3140.082,"end":3140.13},{"text":"the","start":3140.242,"end":3140.386},{"text":"most","start":3140.386,"end":3140.499},{"text":"suitable","start":3140.499,"end":3141.22},{"text":"platform","start":3142.069,"end":3142.774},{"text":"for","start":3142.79,"end":3143.062},{"text":"establishing","start":3143.062,"end":3143.655},{"text":"this","start":3143.751,"end":3143.96},{"text":"regulatory","start":3144.168,"end":3144.777},{"text":"framework.","start":3144.809,"end":3145.37}]},{"text":"We abide by supporting the current negotiations to achieve that objective.","start":3145.754,"end":3152.548,"topics":[{"key":"space-resource-governance","label":"Space Resource Governance","description":"Many delegations focused on developing internationally agreed principles or rules for the exploration, exploitation, and utilization of space resources. Speakers stressed that current discussions in the Legal Subcommittee and its Working Group should lay the foundation for a coherent global governance framework."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3145.754,"end":3145.915},{"text":"abide","start":3146.636,"end":3147.421},{"text":"by","start":3148.238,"end":3148.414},{"text":"supporting","start":3148.414,"end":3149.023},{"text":"the","start":3149.216,"end":3149.856},{"text":"current","start":3149.856,"end":3150.353},{"text":"negotiations","start":3150.401,"end":3151.106},{"text":"to","start":3151.138,"end":3151.267},{"text":"achieve","start":3151.283,"end":3151.587},{"text":"that","start":3151.619,"end":3151.875},{"text":"objective.","start":3152.004,"end":3152.548}]},{"text":"And in this respect, on the national level, we have established a task force to study international initiatives on the exploration of the moon.","start":3153.045,"end":3162.695,"topics":[{"key":"lunar-activities","label":"Lunar Activities and Exploration","description":"The Moon featured prominently as states discussed lunar missions, regolith studies, exploration programs, and the Action Team on Lunar Activities Consultation. 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Delegations viewed international cooperation as necessary both for strengthening legal awareness and for helping developing countries build their own space capabilities."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":3163.545,"end":3164.251},{"text":"sixth,","start":3164.62,"end":3165.085},{"text":"we","start":3165.31,"end":3165.487},{"text":"emphasize","start":3165.487,"end":3166.016},{"text":"the","start":3166.112,"end":3166.192},{"text":"importance","start":3166.192,"end":3166.85},{"text":"of","start":3166.914,"end":3167.059},{"text":"cooperation","start":3167.316,"end":3168.102},{"text":"and","start":3168.519,"end":3168.583},{"text":"international","start":3168.615,"end":3169.128},{"text":"coordination","start":3169.177,"end":3169.947},{"text":"in","start":3170.605,"end":3170.653},{"text":"the","start":3170.781,"end":3170.813},{"text":"field","start":3170.861,"end":3171.102},{"text":"of","start":3171.102,"end":3171.23},{"text":"space.","start":3171.246,"end":3171.663}]},{"text":"So we have held a number of multilateral and bilateral cooperation agreements in order to exchange expertise and build capacities and develop space applications in service of sustainable development.","start":3171.808,"end":3186.845,"topics":[{"key":"capacity-building","label":"Capacity Building and International Cooperation","description":"A number of statements emphasized fellowships, technical assistance, knowledge sharing, education, and cooperative projects as essential for broad participation in space activities. 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Delegations viewed international cooperation as necessary both for strengthening legal awareness and for helping developing countries build their own space 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you for your attention.","start":3199.619,"end":3200.425,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":3199.619,"end":3199.861},{"text":"you","start":3199.861,"end":3199.925},{"text":"for","start":3199.941,"end":3200.102},{"text":"your","start":3200.102,"end":3200.183},{"text":"attention.","start":3200.183,"end":3200.425}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"DZA","affiliation_full":"Algeria","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":13,"start":3207.487,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1e/k1ev2fwlsa?t=3208","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of Algeria for their statement.","start":3207.487,"end":3211.705,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":3207.487,"end":3207.536},{"text":"thank","start":3207.568,"end":3207.763},{"text":"the","start":3207.763,"end":3207.844},{"text":"distinguished","start":3207.844,"end":3208.298},{"text":"representative","start":3208.298,"end":3208.931},{"text":"of","start":3209.271,"end":3209.434},{"text":"Algeria","start":3209.434,"end":3210.082},{"text":"for","start":3210.894,"end":3211.186},{"text":"their","start":3211.315,"end":3211.461},{"text":"statement.","start":3211.461,"end":3211.705}]},{"text":"We will continue our consideration of Agenda Item 3, General Exchange of Views, tomorrow morning.","start":3213.541,"end":3218.099,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3213.541,"end":3213.622},{"text":"will","start":3213.622,"end":3213.751},{"text":"continue","start":3213.784,"end":3214.252},{"text":"our","start":3214.269,"end":3214.43},{"text":"consideration","start":3214.43,"end":3215.028},{"text":"of","start":3215.028,"end":3215.109},{"text":"Agenda","start":3215.109,"end":3215.481},{"text":"Item","start":3215.561,"end":3215.82},{"text":"3,","start":3215.82,"end":3216.127},{"text":"General","start":3216.143,"end":3216.466},{"text":"Exchange","start":3216.466,"end":3216.887},{"text":"of","start":3216.887,"end":3216.951},{"text":"Views,","start":3216.951,"end":3217.323},{"text":"tomorrow","start":3217.42,"end":3217.759},{"text":"morning.","start":3217.759,"end":3218.099}]},{"text":"Distinguished delegates, turning to Agenda Item 7, Future Role and Method of Work of the Comité, I see that there is no speaker on the list under this 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consultations on matters such as Unispace 4, ATLAS, and organizational matters led by the delegation of 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delegates, I would now like to continue our consideration of agenda item 8.","start":3255.856,"end":3260.773,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Distinguished","start":3255.856,"end":3256.402},{"text":"delegates,","start":3256.402,"end":3256.965},{"text":"I","start":3257.415,"end":3257.463},{"text":"would","start":3257.495,"end":3257.575},{"text":"now","start":3257.575,"end":3257.672},{"text":"like","start":3257.672,"end":3257.848},{"text":"to","start":3257.897,"end":3257.993},{"text":"continue","start":3257.993,"end":3258.379},{"text":"our","start":3258.379,"end":3258.539},{"text":"consideration","start":3258.539,"end":3259.15},{"text":"of","start":3259.519,"end":3259.664},{"text":"agenda","start":3259.664,"end":3260.05},{"text":"item","start":3260.066,"end":3260.323},{"text":"8.","start":3260.467,"end":3260.773}]},{"text":"As you know, this is the general exchange of views on potential legal models for activities in the exploration, exploitation, and utilization of space resources.","start":3263.36,"end":3276.89,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"As","start":3263.36,"end":3263.472},{"text":"you","start":3263.52,"end":3263.601},{"text":"know,","start":3263.617,"end":3263.697},{"text":"this","start":3263.761,"end":3263.938},{"text":"is","start":3263.938,"end":3264.066},{"text":"the","start":3264.083,"end":3264.163},{"text":"general","start":3264.163,"end":3264.484},{"text":"exchange","start":3264.484,"end":3264.79},{"text":"of","start":3264.826,"end":3264.882},{"text":"views","start":3264.9,"end":3265.249},{"text":"on","start":3266.413,"end":3266.478},{"text":"potential","start":3266.51,"end":3267.06},{"text":"legal","start":3267.06,"end":3267.318},{"text":"models","start":3267.318,"end":3267.722},{"text":"for","start":3267.787,"end":3267.916},{"text":"activities","start":3268.03,"end":3268.741},{"text":"in","start":3270.713,"end":3270.842},{"text":"the","start":3270.875,"end":3270.988},{"text":"exploration,","start":3271.02,"end":3271.683},{"text":"exploitation,","start":3271.748,"end":3272.394},{"text":"and","start":3272.653,"end":3272.814},{"text":"utilization","start":3272.814,"end":3273.51},{"text":"of","start":3273.558,"end":3274.48},{"text":"space","start":3274.48,"end":3274.833},{"text":"resources.","start":3274.833,"end":3276.89}]},{"text":"Before we continue our consideration of Agenda Item 8 and the list of speakers under Agenda Item 8, as I announced earlier at the beginning of this session and also yesterday, I would like to inform delegates of the status of nominations for the chair of that working 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currently have only one nomination for the chair of this working group.","start":3303.846,"end":3308.73,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3303.846,"end":3304.007},{"text":"currently","start":3304.007,"end":3304.537},{"text":"have","start":3304.955,"end":3305.26},{"text":"only","start":3305.437,"end":3305.662},{"text":"one","start":3305.919,"end":3306.063},{"text":"nomination","start":3306.352,"end":3306.947},{"text":"for","start":3307.059,"end":3307.3},{"text":"the","start":3307.3,"end":3307.381},{"text":"chair","start":3307.381,"end":3307.702},{"text":"of","start":3307.702,"end":3307.831},{"text":"this","start":3307.847,"end":3308.023},{"text":"working","start":3308.023,"end":3308.361},{"text":"group.","start":3308.409,"end":3308.73}]},{"text":"That is the working group on legal aspects of space resource activities.","start":3309.871,"end":3313.887,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"That","start":3309.871,"end":3310.032},{"text":"is","start":3310.032,"end":3310.08},{"text":"the","start":3310.178,"end":3310.242},{"text":"working","start":3310.259,"end":3310.534},{"text":"group","start":3310.534,"end":3310.761},{"text":"on","start":3310.761,"end":3310.858},{"text":"legal","start":3310.923,"end":3311.23},{"text":"aspects","start":3311.311,"end":3311.894},{"text":"of","start":3312.04,"end":3312.186},{"text":"space","start":3312.235,"end":3312.688},{"text":"resource","start":3312.688,"end":3313.174},{"text":"activities.","start":3313.174,"end":3313.887}]},{"text":"And that is Mr. Freeland from Australia.","start":3318.372,"end":3322.243,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":3318.372,"end":3318.727},{"text":"that","start":3318.775,"end":3319.13},{"text":"is","start":3319.501,"end":3319.646},{"text":"Mr.","start":3320.808,"end":3321.066},{"text":"Freeland","start":3321.114,"end":3321.534},{"text":"from","start":3321.534,"end":3321.695},{"text":"Australia.","start":3321.695,"end":3322.243}]},{"text":"I am not aware of any other nominations.","start":3322.824,"end":3324.889,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":3322.824,"end":3322.905},{"text":"am","start":3322.905,"end":3323.002},{"text":"not","start":3323.002,"end":3323.227},{"text":"aware","start":3323.227,"end":3323.486},{"text":"of","start":3323.631,"end":3323.792},{"text":"any","start":3323.792,"end":3324.002},{"text":"other","start":3324.034,"end":3324.276},{"text":"nominations.","start":3324.276,"end":3324.889}]},{"text":"I would like to invite interested delegates to informal consultations that I will hold during lunchtime today, 8th of May, between 1:15 and 2 PM, so between 1:15 and 2 PM in room M6, M6, to discuss, to explore, and to see if any general agreement may emerge on the composition of the Bureau.","start":3330.31,"end":3360.103,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":3330.31,"end":3330.326},{"text":"would","start":3330.326,"end":3330.439},{"text":"like","start":3330.439,"end":3330.585},{"text":"to","start":3330.585,"end":3330.666},{"text":"invite","start":3330.666,"end":3331.071},{"text":"interested","start":3331.071,"end":3331.492},{"text":"delegates","start":3331.492,"end":3332.043},{"text":"to","start":3332.043,"end":3332.319},{"text":"informal","start":3332.351,"end":3332.853},{"text":"consultations","start":3332.853,"end":3333.761},{"text":"that","start":3334.781,"end":3334.943},{"text":"I","start":3334.943,"end":3335.008},{"text":"will","start":3335.024,"end":3335.154},{"text":"hold","start":3335.186,"end":3335.656},{"text":"during","start":3336.807,"end":3337.05},{"text":"lunchtime","start":3337.131,"end":3337.584},{"text":"today,","start":3337.698,"end":3338.07},{"text":"8th","start":3338.428,"end":3338.608},{"text":"of","start":3338.608,"end":3338.707},{"text":"May,","start":3338.707,"end":3338.789},{"text":"between","start":3341.234,"end":3341.611},{"text":"1:15","start":3341.71,"end":3342.349},{"text":"and","start":3343.654,"end":3344.011},{"text":"2","start":3344.075,"end":3344.189},{"text":"PM,","start":3344.302,"end":3344.724},{"text":"so","start":3345.145,"end":3345.275},{"text":"between","start":3345.291,"end":3345.68},{"text":"1:15","start":3345.68,"end":3346.231},{"text":"and","start":3346.328,"end":3346.49},{"text":"2","start":3346.49,"end":3346.604},{"text":"PM","start":3346.733,"end":3347.171},{"text":"in","start":3348.597,"end":3348.743},{"text":"room","start":3348.775,"end":3348.97},{"text":"M6,","start":3349.326,"end":3350.007},{"text":"M6,","start":3351.306,"end":3351.923},{"text":"to","start":3354.569,"end":3354.731},{"text":"discuss,","start":3354.731,"end":3355.25},{"text":"to","start":3355.77,"end":3356.127},{"text":"explore,","start":3356.192,"end":3356.549},{"text":"and","start":3356.663,"end":3356.825},{"text":"to","start":3356.825,"end":3356.89},{"text":"see","start":3356.906,"end":3357.085},{"text":"if","start":3357.085,"end":3357.247},{"text":"any","start":3357.247,"end":3357.377},{"text":"general","start":3357.409,"end":3357.734},{"text":"agreement","start":3357.734,"end":3358.221},{"text":"may","start":3358.221,"end":3358.383},{"text":"emerge","start":3358.383,"end":3358.773},{"text":"on","start":3358.773,"end":3358.87},{"text":"the","start":3358.87,"end":3358.951},{"text":"composition","start":3358.951,"end":3359.503},{"text":"of","start":3359.503,"end":3359.552},{"text":"the","start":3359.601,"end":3359.65},{"text":"Bureau.","start":3359.65,"end":3360.103}]},{"text":"After the informal consultations during lunchtime, I would suggest that the subcommittee formally take up this matter this afternoon during its consideration of Agenda Item 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I now turn to the list of speakers, and, and the first speaker on my list is the distinguished representative of 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Michelin.","start":3391.379,"end":3398.744,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Chair,","start":3391.379,"end":3391.811},{"text":"let","start":3392.775,"end":3392.957},{"text":"me","start":3392.957,"end":3393.04},{"text":"first","start":3393.04,"end":3393.406},{"text":"reiterate","start":3393.762,"end":3394.485},{"text":"my","start":3394.485,"end":3394.597},{"text":"country's","start":3394.63,"end":3395.08},{"text":"condolences","start":3395.208,"end":3395.899},{"text":"on","start":3395.996,"end":3396.076},{"text":"the","start":3396.076,"end":3396.237},{"text":"passing","start":3396.237,"end":3396.623},{"text":"of","start":3396.8,"end":3396.944},{"text":"Ambassador","start":3397.057,"end":3397.732},{"text":"André","start":3398.085,"end":3398.326},{"text":"Michelin.","start":3398.326,"end":3398.744}]},{"text":"His contributions to the nascent discussions on space resource activities and, along with his vice chair, guiding the first working group on this issue under COPUS are 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Speakers stressed that current discussions in the Legal Subcommittee and its Working Group should lay the foundation for a coherent global governance framework."}],"words":[{"text":"His","start":3399.709,"end":3399.837},{"text":"contributions","start":3399.87,"end":3400.641},{"text":"to","start":3400.738,"end":3400.834},{"text":"the","start":3400.834,"end":3400.93},{"text":"nascent","start":3400.93,"end":3401.413},{"text":"discussions","start":3401.413,"end":3402.088},{"text":"on","start":3402.345,"end":3402.393},{"text":"space","start":3402.49,"end":3402.827},{"text":"resource","start":3402.827,"end":3403.245},{"text":"activities","start":3403.245,"end":3403.856},{"text":"and,","start":3404.354,"end":3404.499},{"text":"along","start":3404.772,"end":3405.061},{"text":"with","start":3405.254,"end":3405.543},{"text":"his","start":3405.656,"end":3405.865},{"text":"vice","start":3406.122,"end":3406.331},{"text":"chair,","start":3406.46,"end":3406.717},{"text":"guiding","start":3407.826,"end":3408.196},{"text":"the","start":3408.228,"end":3408.324},{"text":"first","start":3408.324,"end":3408.871},{"text":"working","start":3408.871,"end":3409.272},{"text":"group","start":3409.272,"end":3410.157},{"text":"on","start":3410.157,"end":3410.253},{"text":"this","start":3410.301,"end":3410.494},{"text":"issue","start":3410.719,"end":3411.121},{"text":"under","start":3411.346,"end":3411.572},{"text":"COPUS","start":3411.604,"end":3412.201},{"text":"are","start":3412.491,"end":3412.685},{"text":"invaluable.","start":3413.039,"end":3413.684}]},{"text":"We extend our sentiments to Ambassador André's family and friends.","start":3414.571,"end":3418.909,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3414.571,"end":3414.781},{"text":"extend","start":3414.974,"end":3415.587},{"text":"our","start":3415.635,"end":3415.813},{"text":"sentiments","start":3415.813,"end":3416.522},{"text":"to","start":3416.522,"end":3416.667},{"text":"Ambassador","start":3416.667,"end":3417.28},{"text":"André's","start":3417.393,"end":3417.764},{"text":"family","start":3417.812,"end":3418.103},{"text":"and","start":3418.361,"end":3418.457},{"text":"friends.","start":3418.457,"end":3418.909}]},{"text":"our Romanian colleagues and COPUS community in general.","start":3419.356,"end":3422.9,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"our","start":3419.356,"end":3419.596},{"text":"Romanian","start":3419.773,"end":3420.222},{"text":"colleagues","start":3420.254,"end":3420.751},{"text":"and","start":3421.04,"end":3421.104},{"text":"COPUS","start":3421.216,"end":3421.617},{"text":"community","start":3421.681,"end":3422.307},{"text":"in","start":3422.323,"end":3422.483},{"text":"general.","start":3422.483,"end":3422.9}]},{"text":"Mr. Chair, discussion on space resource activities has picked up momentum with the establishment under this subcommittee of the aforementioned working group.","start":3424.247,"end":3435.313,"topics":[{"key":"space-resource-governance","label":"Space Resource Governance","description":"Many delegations focused on developing internationally agreed principles or rules for the exploration, exploitation, and utilization of space resources. Speakers stressed that current discussions in the Legal Subcommittee and its Working Group should lay the foundation for a coherent global governance framework."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":3424.247,"end":3424.423},{"text":"Chair,","start":3424.488,"end":3424.808},{"text":"discussion","start":3425.771,"end":3426.284},{"text":"on","start":3426.332,"end":3426.364},{"text":"space","start":3426.364,"end":3426.749},{"text":"resource","start":3426.749,"end":3427.037},{"text":"activities","start":3427.15,"end":3427.679},{"text":"has","start":3427.855,"end":3428},{"text":"picked","start":3428.096,"end":3428.417},{"text":"up","start":3428.417,"end":3428.609},{"text":"momentum","start":3428.753,"end":3429.363},{"text":"with","start":3429.619,"end":3429.796},{"text":"the","start":3429.796,"end":3429.86},{"text":"establishment","start":3429.876,"end":3430.934},{"text":"under","start":3431.143,"end":3431.303},{"text":"this","start":3431.464,"end":3431.592},{"text":"subcommittee","start":3431.704,"end":3432.282},{"text":"of","start":3433.148,"end":3433.292},{"text":"the","start":3433.388,"end":3433.436},{"text":"aforementioned","start":3433.468,"end":3434.575},{"text":"working","start":3434.671,"end":3434.976},{"text":"group.","start":3434.992,"end":3435.313}]},{"text":"We can highlight the International Conference on Space Resources last year, as well other initiatives.","start":3436.211,"end":3442.994,"topics":[{"key":"space-resource-governance","label":"Space Resource Governance","description":"Many delegations focused on developing internationally agreed principles or rules for the exploration, exploitation, and utilization of space resources. Speakers stressed that current discussions in the Legal Subcommittee and its Working Group should lay the foundation for a coherent global governance framework."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3436.211,"end":3436.435},{"text":"can","start":3436.435,"end":3436.612},{"text":"highlight","start":3436.612,"end":3437.253},{"text":"the","start":3437.253,"end":3437.317},{"text":"International","start":3437.317,"end":3437.975},{"text":"Conference","start":3438.039,"end":3438.488},{"text":"on","start":3438.696,"end":3438.793},{"text":"Space","start":3438.841,"end":3439.242},{"text":"Resources","start":3439.242,"end":3439.627},{"text":"last","start":3439.723,"end":3440.06},{"text":"year,","start":3440.204,"end":3440.412},{"text":"as","start":3441.086,"end":3441.15},{"text":"well","start":3441.343,"end":3441.471},{"text":"other","start":3441.808,"end":3442.16},{"text":"initiatives.","start":3442.289,"end":3442.994}]},{"text":"In November 24, the Brazilian Space Agency hosted in São José dos Campos, Brazil, the International Workshop on Space Resources: Perspectives for Future Ecosystems.","start":3444.005,"end":3456.264,"topics":[{"key":"space-resource-governance","label":"Space Resource Governance","description":"Many delegations focused on developing internationally agreed principles or rules for the exploration, exploitation, and utilization of space resources. Speakers stressed that current discussions in the Legal Subcommittee and its Working Group should lay the foundation for a coherent global governance framework."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":3444.005,"end":3444.069},{"text":"November","start":3444.069,"end":3444.662},{"text":"24,","start":3445.272,"end":3445.864},{"text":"the","start":3446.233,"end":3446.313},{"text":"Brazilian","start":3446.313,"end":3446.73},{"text":"Space","start":3446.73,"end":3447.066},{"text":"Agency","start":3447.195,"end":3447.803},{"text":"hosted","start":3448.06,"end":3448.525},{"text":"in","start":3448.637,"end":3448.781},{"text":"São","start":3448.781,"end":3448.973},{"text":"José","start":3449.101,"end":3449.358},{"text":"dos","start":3449.358,"end":3449.582},{"text":"Campos,","start":3449.582,"end":3449.855},{"text":"Brazil,","start":3449.919,"end":3450.271},{"text":"the","start":3451.121,"end":3451.185},{"text":"International","start":3451.185,"end":3452.002},{"text":"Workshop","start":3452.002,"end":3452.579},{"text":"on","start":3452.579,"end":3452.691},{"text":"Space","start":3452.707,"end":3453.124},{"text":"Resources:","start":3453.124,"end":3453.652},{"text":"Perspectives","start":3453.925,"end":3454.534},{"text":"for","start":3454.63,"end":3454.758},{"text":"Future","start":3454.806,"end":3455.383},{"text":"Ecosystems.","start":3455.511,"end":3456.264}]},{"text":"The workshop, organized with the Sekil World Foundation, followed up on the discussions held in South Korea in 2023.","start":3457.434,"end":3466.504,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":3457.434,"end":3457.498},{"text":"workshop,","start":3457.594,"end":3458.235},{"text":"organized","start":3458.428,"end":3459.053},{"text":"with","start":3459.053,"end":3459.293},{"text":"the","start":3459.293,"end":3459.389},{"text":"Sekil","start":3459.389,"end":3459.982},{"text":"World","start":3459.998,"end":3460.142},{"text":"Foundation,","start":3460.174,"end":3460.863},{"text":"followed","start":3461.44,"end":3461.857},{"text":"up","start":3461.857,"end":3462.113},{"text":"on","start":3462.194,"end":3462.274},{"text":"the","start":3462.322,"end":3462.402},{"text":"discussions","start":3462.402,"end":3463.107},{"text":"held","start":3463.219,"end":3463.556},{"text":"in","start":3464.004,"end":3464.116},{"text":"South","start":3464.501,"end":3464.79},{"text":"Korea","start":3464.822,"end":3465.19},{"text":"in","start":3465.206,"end":3465.431},{"text":"2023.","start":3465.463,"end":3466.504}]},{"text":"We thank UNOOSA and the countries and institutions that participate for their invaluable contributions to the discussions.","start":3467.626,"end":3475.21,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3467.626,"end":3467.706},{"text":"thank","start":3467.786,"end":3468.091},{"text":"UNOOSA","start":3468.267,"end":3468.988},{"text":"and","start":3469.308,"end":3469.405},{"text":"the","start":3469.405,"end":3469.613},{"text":"countries","start":3469.613,"end":3469.998},{"text":"and","start":3470.334,"end":3470.446},{"text":"institutions","start":3470.446,"end":3471.119},{"text":"that","start":3471.215,"end":3473.122},{"text":"participate","start":3471.28,"end":3471.953},{"text":"for","start":3471.953,"end":3472.226},{"text":"their","start":3472.354,"end":3472.531},{"text":"invaluable","start":3472.82,"end":3473.445},{"text":"contributions","start":3473.477,"end":3474.247},{"text":"to","start":3474.28,"end":3474.456},{"text":"the","start":3474.456,"end":3474.584},{"text":"discussions.","start":3474.584,"end":3475.21}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"Mr.","start":3476.526,"end":3476.782,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":3476.526,"end":3476.782}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"Chair, as the debates continue on specific topics and issues, we feel that the group has reached an important juncture with a first draft of recommended principles, for which we thank the Vice Chair, Stephen Freeland.","start":3476.83,"end":3493.499,"topics":[{"key":"space-resource-governance","label":"Space Resource Governance","description":"Many delegations focused on developing internationally agreed principles or rules for the exploration, exploitation, and utilization of space resources. 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Speakers stressed that current discussions in the Legal Subcommittee and its Working Group should lay the foundation for a coherent global governance framework."},{"key":"outer-space-treaties","label":"Outer Space Treaties and International Legal Basis","description":"Several statements emphasized that any future regime for space activities must remain grounded in the existing UN outer space treaties, especially the Outer Space Treaty. 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Several countries described new or revised domestic laws as tools to implement international obligations while supporting responsible commercial development."}],"words":[{"text":"Individual","start":3529.47,"end":3530.016},{"text":"states","start":3530.016,"end":3530.498},{"text":"and","start":3530.498,"end":3530.659},{"text":"groups","start":3530.659,"end":3530.996},{"text":"of","start":3531.22,"end":3531.317},{"text":"states","start":3531.317,"end":3531.879},{"text":"are","start":3531.879,"end":3531.959},{"text":"taking","start":3532.039,"end":3532.425},{"text":"domestic","start":3532.425,"end":3533.051},{"text":"steps","start":3533.051,"end":3533.645},{"text":"to","start":3534.368,"end":3534.512},{"text":"try","start":3534.576,"end":3534.785},{"text":"and","start":3535.315,"end":3535.459},{"text":"fill","start":3535.459,"end":3535.797},{"text":"some","start":3535.797,"end":3536.134},{"text":"of","start":3536.182,"end":3536.326},{"text":"the","start":3536.375,"end":3536.439},{"text":"more","start":3536.439,"end":3536.712},{"text":"glaring","start":3536.985,"end":3537.37},{"text":"legal","start":3537.547,"end":3537.852},{"text":"voids.","start":3537.884,"end":3538.253}]},{"text":"Brazil has recently adopted a new law on space activities which includes for the first time the concept of space resources.","start":3539.008,"end":3547.775,"topics":[{"key":"national-space-laws","label":"National Space Laws and Oversight of Private Actors","description":"Delegations highlighted the growing importance of national legislation to authorize, supervise, and regulate space activities, particularly those undertaken by private companies. 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Issues raised included space debris, planetary protection, environmental impact assessment, avoiding harmful contamination, and preserving celestial bodies for future generations."},{"key":"space-resource-governance","label":"Space Resource Governance","description":"Many delegations focused on developing internationally agreed principles or rules for the exploration, exploitation, and utilization of space resources. Speakers stressed that current discussions in the Legal Subcommittee and its Working Group should lay the foundation for a coherent global governance framework."}],"words":[{"text":"Chair,","start":3691.302,"end":3691.495},{"text":"distinguished","start":3691.946,"end":3692.591},{"text":"delegates,","start":3692.591,"end":3693.235},{"text":"the","start":3693.574,"end":3693.702},{"text":"exploration","start":3693.702,"end":3694.46},{"text":"and","start":3694.605,"end":3694.669},{"text":"utilization","start":3694.83,"end":3695.604},{"text":"of","start":3695.733,"end":3695.829},{"text":"space","start":3695.878,"end":3696.28},{"text":"resources","start":3696.28,"end":3697.231},{"text":"has","start":3697.585,"end":3697.714},{"text":"great","start":3697.827,"end":3698.133},{"text":"potential","start":3698.133,"end":3698.584},{"text":"to","start":3698.697,"end":3698.842},{"text":"benefit","start":3698.858,"end":3699.261},{"text":"humanity","start":3699.261,"end":3699.809},{"text":"and","start":3700.329,"end":3700.394},{"text":"to","start":3700.492,"end":3700.655},{"text":"contribute","start":3700.655,"end":3701.323},{"text":"to","start":3701.371,"end":3701.648},{"text":"sustainable","start":3701.648,"end":3702.332},{"text":"development","start":3702.349,"end":3703.114},{"text":"on","start":3703.489,"end":3703.537},{"text":"a","start":3703.586,"end":3703.668},{"text":"global","start":3703.668,"end":3703.993},{"text":"scale","start":3704.01,"end":3704.449},{"text":"if","start":3704.728,"end":3704.952},{"text":"done","start":3704.952,"end":3705.081},{"text":"in","start":3705.258,"end":3705.354},{"text":"a","start":3705.354,"end":3705.37},{"text":"peaceful,","start":3705.418,"end":3705.964},{"text":"safe,","start":3706.092,"end":3706.526},{"text":"and","start":3706.943,"end":3707.072},{"text":"sustainable","start":3707.12,"end":3707.618},{"text":"manner.","start":3707.618,"end":3708.003}]},{"text":"Chair, Japan's participation in international space exploration is driven by a commitment to expand human frontiers, to advance the well-being of humanity, and to foster international cooperation.","start":3708.822,"end":3722.261,"topics":[{"key":"capacity-building","label":"Capacity Building and International Cooperation","description":"A number of statements emphasized fellowships, technical assistance, knowledge sharing, education, and cooperative projects as essential for broad participation in space activities. Delegations viewed international cooperation as necessary both for strengthening legal awareness and for helping developing countries build their own space capabilities."}],"words":[{"text":"Chair,","start":3708.822,"end":3708.999},{"text":"Japan's","start":3709.593,"end":3709.994},{"text":"participation","start":3709.994,"end":3710.749},{"text":"in","start":3710.877,"end":3710.941},{"text":"international","start":3711.054,"end":3711.632},{"text":"space","start":3711.632,"end":3712.017},{"text":"exploration","start":3712.097,"end":3712.948},{"text":"is","start":3713.205,"end":3713.27},{"text":"driven","start":3713.302,"end":3713.671},{"text":"by","start":3713.703,"end":3713.928},{"text":"a","start":3714.008,"end":3714.024},{"text":"commitment","start":3714.104,"end":3715.052},{"text":"to","start":3715.052,"end":3715.148},{"text":"expand","start":3715.212,"end":3715.678},{"text":"human","start":3715.694,"end":3716.095},{"text":"frontiers,","start":3716.095,"end":3716.641},{"text":"to","start":3717.155,"end":3717.316},{"text":"advance","start":3717.316,"end":3717.749},{"text":"the","start":3718.022,"end":3718.279},{"text":"well-being","start":3718.359,"end":3718.889},{"text":"of","start":3719.146,"end":3719.291},{"text":"humanity,","start":3719.307,"end":3719.852},{"text":"and","start":3720.27,"end":3720.35},{"text":"to","start":3720.431,"end":3720.591},{"text":"foster","start":3720.591,"end":3720.992},{"text":"international","start":3721.089,"end":3721.651},{"text":"cooperation.","start":3721.651,"end":3722.261}]},{"text":"I would like to provide you with a brief overview of the activities we have undertaken recently.","start":3723.16,"end":3728.523,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":3723.16,"end":3723.208},{"text":"would","start":3723.24,"end":3723.401},{"text":"like","start":3723.401,"end":3723.642},{"text":"to","start":3723.642,"end":3723.818},{"text":"provide","start":3723.818,"end":3724.3},{"text":"you","start":3724.3,"end":3724.412},{"text":"with","start":3724.541,"end":3724.717},{"text":"a","start":3724.846,"end":3724.926},{"text":"brief","start":3724.926,"end":3725.231},{"text":"overview","start":3725.328,"end":3725.809},{"text":"of","start":3725.97,"end":3726.066},{"text":"the","start":3726.066,"end":3726.114},{"text":"activities","start":3726.211,"end":3726.917},{"text":"we","start":3727.03,"end":3727.126},{"text":"have","start":3727.174,"end":3727.399},{"text":"undertaken","start":3727.495,"end":3728.025},{"text":"recently.","start":3728.057,"end":3728.523}]},{"text":"To begin, The Japanese startup iSpace is scheduled to make a second attempt to land its Mission 2 lander on the Moon on 6 June.","start":3729.599,"end":3738.952,"topics":[{"key":"lunar-activities","label":"Lunar Activities and Exploration","description":"The Moon featured prominently as states discussed lunar missions, regolith studies, exploration programs, and the Action Team on Lunar Activities Consultation. 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Speakers stressed that current discussions in the Legal Subcommittee and its Working Group should lay the foundation for a coherent global governance 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will continue to contribute to ongoing discussions.","start":3918.262,"end":3921.795,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3918.262,"end":3918.424},{"text":"will","start":3918.424,"end":3918.635},{"text":"continue","start":3918.651,"end":3919.089},{"text":"to","start":3919.154,"end":3919.316},{"text":"contribute","start":3919.316,"end":3920.045},{"text":"to","start":3920.207,"end":3920.515},{"text":"ongoing","start":3920.596,"end":3920.985},{"text":"discussions.","start":3921.082,"end":3921.795}]},{"text":"In this regard, Japan would like to express our condolences on the passing of the chair of the working group, Mr. Ando Mizou, earlier this 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expertise made a significant contribution to resolving critical issues in the working group And we were always grateful for his dedication to advancing our 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Japan acknowledges every effort made to advance international norms in the exploration of outer space and values the significant contribution of the Legal Subcommittee in safeguarding the peaceful exploration and use of outer space.","start":3946.137,"end":3962.595,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-treaties","label":"Outer Space Treaties and International Legal Basis","description":"Several statements emphasized that any future regime for space activities must remain grounded in the existing UN outer space treaties, especially the Outer Space Treaty. Delegations repeatedly referred to core principles such as peaceful use, non-appropriation, due regard, and compatibility with current international law."}],"words":[{"text":"Finally,","start":3946.137,"end":3946.522},{"text":"Japan","start":3947.02,"end":3947.309},{"text":"acknowledges","start":3947.501,"end":3948.208},{"text":"every","start":3948.384,"end":3948.529},{"text":"effort","start":3948.561,"end":3949.091},{"text":"made","start":3949.123,"end":3949.3},{"text":"to","start":3949.364,"end":3949.589},{"text":"advance","start":3949.669,"end":3950.119},{"text":"international","start":3950.167,"end":3950.745},{"text":"norms","start":3950.745,"end":3951.098},{"text":"in","start":3951.692,"end":3951.74},{"text":"the","start":3951.772,"end":3951.821},{"text":"exploration","start":3951.917,"end":3952.704},{"text":"of","start":3952.88,"end":3952.945},{"text":"outer","start":3953.121,"end":3953.314},{"text":"space","start":3953.314,"end":3953.796},{"text":"and","start":3954.165,"end":3954.309},{"text":"values","start":3954.341,"end":3954.711},{"text":"the","start":3954.727,"end":3954.823},{"text":"significant","start":3954.823,"end":3955.626},{"text":"contribution","start":3955.626,"end":3956.316},{"text":"of","start":3956.75,"end":3956.798},{"text":"the","start":3956.894,"end":3956.943},{"text":"Legal","start":3957.055,"end":3957.392},{"text":"Subcommittee","start":3957.392,"end":3958.147},{"text":"in","start":3958.34,"end":3958.404},{"text":"safeguarding","start":3958.436,"end":3959.046},{"text":"the","start":3959.239,"end":3959.383},{"text":"peaceful","start":3959.383,"end":3959.817},{"text":"exploration","start":3959.881,"end":3960.571},{"text":"and","start":3960.989,"end":3961.053},{"text":"use","start":3961.149,"end":3961.471},{"text":"of","start":3961.551,"end":3961.936},{"text":"outer","start":3962.033,"end":3962.209},{"text":"space.","start":3962.225,"end":3962.595}]},{"text":"Thank you for your kind attention.","start":3963.59,"end":3964.987,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":3963.59,"end":3963.831},{"text":"you","start":3963.831,"end":3963.895},{"text":"for","start":3963.959,"end":3964.2},{"text":"your","start":3964.2,"end":3964.361},{"text":"kind","start":3964.361,"end":3964.602},{"text":"attention.","start":3964.602,"end":3964.987}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"JPN","affiliation_full":"Japan","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":19,"start":3965.083,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1e/k1ev2fwlsa?t=3966","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you.","start":3965.083,"end":3965.629,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":3965.083,"end":3965.597},{"text":"you.","start":3965.597,"end":3965.629}]},{"text":"Thank you very much, distinguished representative of Japan.","start":3969.066,"end":3972.439,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":3969.066,"end":3970.363},{"text":"you","start":3970.363,"end":3970.412},{"text":"very","start":3970.428,"end":3970.542},{"text":"much,","start":3970.542,"end":3970.833},{"text":"distinguished","start":3970.85,"end":3971.32},{"text":"representative","start":3971.32,"end":3971.823},{"text":"of","start":3971.823,"end":3971.952},{"text":"Japan.","start":3971.985,"end":3972.439}]},{"text":"The next speaker is the distinguished representative of Ukraine.","start":3974.11,"end":3977.514,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":3974.11,"end":3974.158},{"text":"next","start":3974.158,"end":3974.288},{"text":"speaker","start":3974.288,"end":3974.726},{"text":"is","start":3975.504,"end":3975.569},{"text":"the","start":3975.666,"end":3975.747},{"text":"distinguished","start":3975.747,"end":3976.169},{"text":"representative","start":3976.169,"end":3976.866},{"text":"of","start":3976.963,"end":3977.028},{"text":"Ukraine.","start":3977.06,"end":3977.514}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Santiago Ripoll","affiliation":"COPUOS","affiliation_full":"COPUOS","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":20,"start":3979.748,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1e/k1ev2fwlsa?t=3980","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Mr. Chair, distinguished delegates, the delegation of Ukraine welcomes the continued efforts of the Working Group on Legal Aspects of Space Resource Activities, particularly an excellent work of actual chair Professor Stephen Freeland in advancing the recommended principles for space resource activities, as well as the recent establishment of the Action Team on Lunar Activities Consultation.","start":3979.748,"end":4006.483,"topics":[{"key":"space-resource-governance","label":"Space Resource Governance","description":"Many delegations focused on developing internationally agreed principles or rules for the exploration, exploitation, and utilization of space resources. 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Related concerns included consultation, interoperability, security zones, and practical mechanisms to reduce risks and prevent conflicts."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":4130.556,"end":4130.653},{"text":"principle","start":4130.653,"end":4131.295},{"text":"of","start":4131.295,"end":4131.423},{"text":"interoperability,","start":4131.52,"end":4132.499},{"text":"critical","start":4132.82,"end":4133.302},{"text":"for","start":4133.302,"end":4133.462},{"text":"safety,","start":4133.462,"end":4133.992},{"text":"coordination,","start":4134.185,"end":4134.988},{"text":"and","start":4135.148,"end":4135.277},{"text":"long-term","start":4135.534,"end":4136.032},{"text":"sustainability.","start":4136.032,"end":4136.899}]},{"text":"Also rise important legal and regulatory questions.","start":4137.461,"end":4140.495,"topics":[{"key":"space-resource-governance","label":"Space Resource Governance","description":"Many delegations focused on developing internationally agreed principles or rules for the exploration, exploitation, and utilization of space resources. Speakers stressed that current discussions in the Legal Subcommittee and its Working Group should lay the foundation for a coherent global governance framework."},{"key":"national-space-laws","label":"National Space Laws and Oversight of Private Actors","description":"Delegations highlighted the growing importance of national legislation to authorize, supervise, and regulate space activities, particularly those undertaken by private companies. Several countries described new or revised domestic laws as tools to implement international obligations while supporting responsible commercial development."}],"words":[{"text":"Also","start":4137.461,"end":4137.734},{"text":"rise","start":4137.798,"end":4138.087},{"text":"important","start":4138.119,"end":4138.633},{"text":"legal","start":4138.745,"end":4139.147},{"text":"and","start":4139.163,"end":4139.227},{"text":"regulatory","start":4139.339,"end":4139.933},{"text":"questions.","start":4139.965,"end":4140.495}]},{"text":"These include the use of blockchain technologies, autonomous systems, and robotic operations, which are increasingly central to space resource activities.","start":4141.154,"end":4150.097,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"These","start":4141.154,"end":4141.378},{"text":"include","start":4141.41,"end":4141.844},{"text":"the","start":4142.037,"end":4142.197},{"text":"use","start":4142.197,"end":4142.486},{"text":"of","start":4142.518,"end":4142.743},{"text":"blockchain","start":4142.759,"end":4143.145},{"text":"technologies,","start":4143.257,"end":4143.787},{"text":"autonomous","start":4144.381,"end":4144.895},{"text":"systems,","start":4144.943,"end":4145.441},{"text":"and","start":4145.649,"end":4145.714},{"text":"robotic","start":4145.81,"end":4146.244},{"text":"operations,","start":4146.244,"end":4146.918},{"text":"which","start":4147.111,"end":4147.351},{"text":"are","start":4147.351,"end":4147.673},{"text":"increasingly","start":4147.673,"end":4148.331},{"text":"central","start":4148.331,"end":4148.829},{"text":"to","start":4148.941,"end":4149.037},{"text":"space","start":4149.037,"end":4149.439},{"text":"resource","start":4149.439,"end":4149.84},{"text":"activities.","start":4149.84,"end":4150.097}]},{"text":"In conclusion, Ukraine believes that any future legal regime governing the exploration and use of space resources must be firmly grounded in international law, foster harmonization of national legal approaches, incorporate the principles of adaptive governance, and align with the overarching objective of preserving outer space for peaceful purposes and for the benefit of all humanity.","start":4150.883,"end":4177.471,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-treaties","label":"Outer Space Treaties and International Legal Basis","description":"Several statements emphasized that any future regime for space activities must remain grounded in the existing UN outer space treaties, especially the Outer Space Treaty. Delegations repeatedly referred to core principles such as peaceful use, non-appropriation, due regard, and compatibility with current international law."},{"key":"national-space-laws","label":"National Space Laws and Oversight of Private Actors","description":"Delegations highlighted the growing importance of national legislation to authorize, supervise, and regulate space activities, particularly those undertaken by private companies. Several countries described new or revised domestic laws as tools to implement international obligations while supporting responsible commercial development."},{"key":"equitable-access","label":"Equitable Access and Benefit Sharing","description":"A recurring theme was that all countries, including developing and emerging spacefaring nations, should have fair access to outer space and to the benefits derived from space resources. 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Delegations called for benefit-sharing arrangements, inclusive participation, and rules that avoid monopolization or first-come, first-served outcomes."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4178.151,"end":4178.297},{"text":"remain","start":4178.297,"end":4178.589},{"text":"committed","start":4178.702,"end":4179.172},{"text":"to","start":4179.204,"end":4179.334},{"text":"contributing","start":4179.366,"end":4179.982},{"text":"constructively","start":4180.095,"end":4180.954},{"text":"to","start":4181.294,"end":4181.392},{"text":"this","start":4181.473,"end":4181.699},{"text":"dialogue","start":4181.716,"end":4182.185},{"text":"and","start":4182.283,"end":4182.445},{"text":"to","start":4182.445,"end":4182.526},{"text":"work","start":4182.672,"end":4183.012},{"text":"with","start":4183.012,"end":4183.352},{"text":"all","start":4183.401,"end":4183.449},{"text":"delegations","start":4183.79,"end":4184.434},{"text":"toward","start":4184.466,"end":4184.74},{"text":"the","start":4184.788,"end":4184.95},{"text":"current","start":4184.95,"end":4186.126},{"text":"equitable","start":4186.303,"end":4186.899},{"text":"and","start":4186.947,"end":4187.108},{"text":"future-ready","start":4187.108,"end":4187.978},{"text":"legal","start":4188.075,"end":4188.397},{"text":"framework.","start":4188.413,"end":4189.042}]},{"text":"Thank you, Mr. Chair.","start":4189.283,"end":4190.266,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":4189.283,"end":4189.525},{"text":"you,","start":4189.525,"end":4189.557},{"text":"Mr.","start":4189.606,"end":4189.863},{"text":"Chair.","start":4189.928,"end":4190.266}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"UKR","affiliation_full":"Ukraine","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":21,"start":4195.011,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1e/k1ev2fwlsa?t=4196","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of Ukraine.","start":4195.011,"end":4197.158,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":4195.011,"end":4195.076},{"text":"thank","start":4195.076,"end":4195.253},{"text":"the","start":4195.253,"end":4195.334},{"text":"distinguished","start":4195.334,"end":4195.883},{"text":"representative","start":4195.883,"end":4196.626},{"text":"of","start":4196.626,"end":4196.723},{"text":"Ukraine.","start":4196.771,"end":4197.158}]},{"text":"The following speaker on my list Is the distinguished representative of the Republic of Korea.","start":4198.805,"end":4206.453,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":4198.805,"end":4198.886},{"text":"following","start":4198.886,"end":4199.176},{"text":"speaker","start":4199.273,"end":4199.774},{"text":"on","start":4200.097,"end":4200.226},{"text":"my","start":4200.242,"end":4200.355},{"text":"list","start":4200.355,"end":4200.678},{"text":"Is","start":4203.001,"end":4203.066},{"text":"the","start":4203.098,"end":4203.194},{"text":"distinguished","start":4203.194,"end":4203.644},{"text":"representative","start":4203.644,"end":4204.35},{"text":"of","start":4205.362,"end":4205.442},{"text":"the","start":4205.49,"end":4205.522},{"text":"Republic","start":4205.522,"end":4205.988},{"text":"of","start":4205.988,"end":4206.116},{"text":"Korea.","start":4206.132,"end":4206.453}]},{"text":"You have the floor.","start":4206.71,"end":4207.272,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"You","start":4206.71,"end":4206.791},{"text":"have","start":4206.791,"end":4206.919},{"text":"the","start":4206.951,"end":4207.031},{"text":"floor.","start":4207.031,"end":4207.272}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Santiago Ripoll","affiliation":"COPUOS","affiliation_full":"COPUOS","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":22,"start":4208.059,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1e/k1ev2fwlsa?t=4209","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Mr. Chair.","start":4208.059,"end":4209.038,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":4208.059,"end":4208.3},{"text":"you,","start":4208.3,"end":4208.46},{"text":"Mr.","start":4208.476,"end":4208.733},{"text":"Chair.","start":4208.781,"end":4209.038}]},{"text":"Space resources present new and boundless opportunities for humanity, and to fully realize these possibilities, it is imperative that we as a global community strive to transform them into reality.","start":4209.697,"end":4219.924,"topics":[{"key":"equitable-access","label":"Equitable Access and Benefit Sharing","description":"A recurring theme was that all countries, including developing and emerging spacefaring nations, should have fair access to outer space and to the benefits derived from space resources. 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Delegations viewed international cooperation as necessary both for strengthening legal awareness and for helping developing countries build their own space capabilities."}],"words":[{"text":"Under","start":4230.072,"end":4230.297},{"text":"the","start":4230.297,"end":4230.394},{"text":"leadership","start":4230.394,"end":4230.859},{"text":"of","start":4230.875,"end":4230.94},{"text":"CASA,","start":4230.956,"end":4231.502},{"text":"national","start":4231.518,"end":4231.984},{"text":"research","start":4231.984,"end":4232.289},{"text":"institutes","start":4232.385,"end":4233.044},{"text":"and","start":4233.188,"end":4233.285},{"text":"private","start":4233.285,"end":4233.59},{"text":"companies","start":4233.59,"end":4234.056},{"text":"are","start":4234.152,"end":4234.233},{"text":"involved","start":4234.233,"end":4234.714},{"text":"in","start":4234.714,"end":4234.763},{"text":"developing","start":4234.811,"end":4235.196},{"text":"necessary","start":4235.196,"end":4235.534},{"text":"technologies,","start":4235.534,"end":4236.224},{"text":"and","start":4236.738,"end":4236.803},{"text":"recently","start":4236.883,"end":4237.268},{"text":"the","start":4237.445,"end":4237.606},{"text":"Korean","start":4237.766,"end":4238.072},{"text":"Society","start":4238.088,"end":4238.586},{"text":"for","start":4238.586,"end":4238.762},{"text":"Space","start":4238.762,"end":4239.067},{"text":"Resources","start":4239.067,"end":4239.597},{"text":"and","start":4239.71,"end":4239.806},{"text":"Energy","start":4239.854,"end":4240.16},{"text":"was","start":4240.176,"end":4240.32},{"text":"formally","start":4240.352,"end":4240.674},{"text":"established","start":4240.674,"end":4241.332},{"text":"to","start":4241.541,"end":4241.718},{"text":"foster","start":4241.718,"end":4242.039},{"text":"cooperation","start":4242.039,"end":4242.601},{"text":"in","start":4242.601,"end":4242.682},{"text":"this","start":4242.682,"end":4242.81},{"text":"field.","start":4242.922,"end":4243.292}]},{"text":"In addition, in March of this year, the Republic of Korea launched the first international academic journal dedicated to space resources titled Space and Planetary Resources, led by the Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources.","start":4244.288,"end":4257.096,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":4244.288,"end":4244.448},{"text":"addition,","start":4244.448,"end":4244.898},{"text":"in","start":4244.93,"end":4245.011},{"text":"March","start":4245.011,"end":4245.316},{"text":"of","start":4245.316,"end":4245.412},{"text":"this","start":4245.412,"end":4245.525},{"text":"year,","start":4245.637,"end":4245.83},{"text":"the","start":4246.199,"end":4246.28},{"text":"Republic","start":4246.28,"end":4246.713},{"text":"of","start":4246.713,"end":4246.826},{"text":"Korea","start":4246.842,"end":4247.243},{"text":"launched","start":4247.243,"end":4247.5},{"text":"the","start":4247.5,"end":4247.645},{"text":"first","start":4247.645,"end":4247.87},{"text":"international","start":4247.966,"end":4248.609},{"text":"academic","start":4248.609,"end":4249.091},{"text":"journal","start":4249.107,"end":4249.54},{"text":"dedicated","start":4249.829,"end":4250.376},{"text":"to","start":4250.376,"end":4250.52},{"text":"space","start":4250.536,"end":4250.938},{"text":"resources","start":4250.938,"end":4251.404},{"text":"titled","start":4251.596,"end":4252.014},{"text":"Space","start":4252.014,"end":4252.351},{"text":"and","start":4252.56,"end":4252.624},{"text":"Planetary","start":4252.705,"end":4252.93},{"text":"Resources,","start":4252.93,"end":4253.57},{"text":"led","start":4254.067,"end":4254.227},{"text":"by","start":4254.227,"end":4254.404},{"text":"the","start":4254.404,"end":4254.484},{"text":"Korea","start":4254.484,"end":4254.804},{"text":"Institute","start":4254.884,"end":4255.381},{"text":"of","start":4255.381,"end":4255.493},{"text":"Geoscience","start":4255.509,"end":4256.182},{"text":"and","start":4256.246,"end":4256.327},{"text":"Mineral","start":4256.327,"end":4256.615},{"text":"Resources.","start":4256.631,"end":4257.096}]},{"text":"This English-language journal serves as a comprehensive platform for publishing innovative data, concepts, technologies, and models, as well as research addressing the economic, environmental, legal, and policy aspects of space resource exploration, extraction, processing, and utilization.","start":4258.169,"end":4274.882,"topics":[{"key":"space-environment","label":"Sustainability and Environmental Protection","description":"Many speakers linked space resource activities to the need to protect the space environment and ensure long-term sustainability. Issues raised included space debris, planetary protection, environmental impact assessment, avoiding harmful contamination, and preserving celestial bodies for future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":4258.169,"end":4258.297},{"text":"English-language","start":4258.41,"end":4258.97},{"text":"journal","start":4259.051,"end":4259.403},{"text":"serves","start":4259.467,"end":4259.836},{"text":"as","start":4259.852,"end":4259.932},{"text":"a","start":4259.932,"end":4259.996},{"text":"comprehensive","start":4259.996,"end":4260.573},{"text":"platform","start":4260.573,"end":4261.118},{"text":"for","start":4261.438,"end":4261.518},{"text":"publishing","start":4261.598,"end":4262.063},{"text":"innovative","start":4262.255,"end":4262.672},{"text":"data,","start":4262.672,"end":4263.137},{"text":"concepts,","start":4263.521,"end":4263.97},{"text":"technologies,","start":4264.098,"end":4264.707},{"text":"and","start":4264.739,"end":4264.819},{"text":"models,","start":4264.819,"end":4265.268},{"text":"as","start":4265.7,"end":4265.829},{"text":"well","start":4265.861,"end":4265.957},{"text":"as","start":4265.957,"end":4266.069},{"text":"research","start":4266.101,"end":4266.598},{"text":"addressing","start":4266.662,"end":4267.03},{"text":"the","start":4267.062,"end":4267.207},{"text":"economic,","start":4267.287,"end":4267.864},{"text":"environmental,","start":4268.008,"end":4268.697},{"text":"legal,","start":4268.985,"end":4269.37},{"text":"and","start":4269.45,"end":4269.514},{"text":"policy","start":4269.546,"end":4269.947},{"text":"aspects","start":4269.947,"end":4270.588},{"text":"of","start":4270.828,"end":4270.892},{"text":"space","start":4270.908,"end":4271.229},{"text":"resource","start":4271.229,"end":4271.485},{"text":"exploration,","start":4271.485,"end":4272.238},{"text":"extraction,","start":4272.35,"end":4273.039},{"text":"processing,","start":4273.392,"end":4273.84},{"text":"and","start":4273.937,"end":4274.033},{"text":"utilization.","start":4274.033,"end":4274.882}]},{"text":"We hope that these efforts to build a dedicated academic community will contribute to global cooperation and knowledge sharing in the field of space resources.","start":4276.356,"end":4284.541,"topics":[{"key":"capacity-building","label":"Capacity Building and International Cooperation","description":"A number of statements emphasized fellowships, technical assistance, knowledge sharing, education, and cooperative projects as essential for broad participation in space activities. 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Delegations called for benefit-sharing arrangements, inclusive participation, and rules that avoid monopolization or first-come, first-served outcomes."}],"words":[{"text":"Ultimately,","start":4285.69,"end":4286.094},{"text":"we","start":4286.191,"end":4286.337},{"text":"believe","start":4286.337,"end":4286.644},{"text":"that","start":4286.677,"end":4286.774},{"text":"space","start":4286.774,"end":4287.13},{"text":"resource","start":4287.324,"end":4287.647},{"text":"activities","start":4287.647,"end":4288.262},{"text":"will","start":4288.376,"end":4288.521},{"text":"evolve","start":4288.521,"end":4288.861},{"text":"in","start":4288.861,"end":4288.942},{"text":"ways","start":4288.942,"end":4289.316},{"text":"that","start":4289.495,"end":4289.658},{"text":"benefit","start":4289.658,"end":4290.081},{"text":"all","start":4290.146,"end":4290.243},{"text":"humankind.","start":4290.243,"end":4290.975}]},{"text":"We also recognize that the development of internationally agreed-upon principles is essential to ensuring that space resource activities are conducted in a responsible and transparent manner that earns the trust of the international community.","start":4292.57,"end":4304.527,"topics":[{"key":"space-resource-governance","label":"Space Resource Governance","description":"Many delegations focused on developing internationally agreed principles or rules for the exploration, exploitation, and utilization of space resources. 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Republic of Korea remains committed to contributing actively to its progress and ensuring that it proceeds effectively in accordance with its work plan and produces meaningful 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Ms. Zhao, the chair of the working group, and thanks him for contributing to the discussion on this topic and to the peaceful use of outer space by humankind.","start":4424.319,"end":4439.965,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-treaties","label":"Outer Space Treaties and International Legal Basis","description":"Several statements emphasized that any future regime for space activities must remain grounded in the existing UN outer space treaties, especially the Outer Space Treaty. 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China will actively support the working group in its follow-up work.","start":4523.203,"end":4526.666,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Chair,","start":4523.203,"end":4523.395},{"text":"China","start":4523.86,"end":4524.101},{"text":"will","start":4524.165,"end":4524.325},{"text":"actively","start":4524.325,"end":4524.662},{"text":"support","start":4524.662,"end":4524.983},{"text":"the","start":4524.983,"end":4525.063},{"text":"working","start":4525.063,"end":4525.303},{"text":"group","start":4525.303,"end":4525.624},{"text":"in","start":4525.624,"end":4525.704},{"text":"its","start":4525.704,"end":4525.913},{"text":"follow-up","start":4526.089,"end":4526.362},{"text":"work.","start":4526.41,"end":4526.666}]},{"text":"Regarding the ways and means of carrying out the work of the working group, China has the following 3 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full consideration should be given to the future planning of outer space activities by all countries, focusing on solving urgent practical problems and avoiding the loss of touch with reality.","start":4533.546,"end":4543.473,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"First,","start":4533.546,"end":4533.867},{"text":"full","start":4534.348,"end":4534.46},{"text":"consideration","start":4534.46,"end":4535.038},{"text":"should","start":4535.15,"end":4535.23},{"text":"be","start":4535.23,"end":4535.326},{"text":"given","start":4535.326,"end":4535.615},{"text":"to","start":4535.647,"end":4535.743},{"text":"the","start":4535.743,"end":4535.871},{"text":"future","start":4535.871,"end":4536.288},{"text":"planning","start":4536.353,"end":4536.657},{"text":"of","start":4536.689,"end":4536.834},{"text":"outer","start":4536.834,"end":4536.946},{"text":"space","start":4536.946,"end":4537.251},{"text":"activities","start":4537.251,"end":4537.7},{"text":"by","start":4537.732,"end":4537.876},{"text":"all","start":4537.956,"end":4538.069},{"text":"countries,","start":4538.117,"end":4538.421},{"text":"focusing","start":4538.854,"end":4539.223},{"text":"on","start":4539.319,"end":4539.416},{"text":"solving","start":4539.416,"end":4539.833},{"text":"urgent","start":4540.041,"end":4540.458},{"text":"practical","start":4540.538,"end":4540.907},{"text":"problems","start":4540.939,"end":4541.388},{"text":"and","start":4541.484,"end":4541.645},{"text":"avoiding","start":4541.645,"end":4542.03},{"text":"the","start":4542.062,"end":4542.206},{"text":"loss","start":4542.206,"end":4542.382},{"text":"of","start":4542.382,"end":4542.447},{"text":"touch","start":4542.463,"end":4542.671},{"text":"with","start":4542.783,"end":4542.928},{"text":"reality.","start":4542.944,"end":4543.473}]},{"text":"Second, the views and suggestions of all Countries, especially those of developing countries and emerging spacefaring countries, should be widely and fully incorporated.","start":4544.13,"end":4553.35,"topics":[{"key":"equitable-access","label":"Equitable Access and Benefit Sharing","description":"A recurring theme was that all countries, including developing and emerging spacefaring nations, should have fair access to outer space and to the benefits derived from space resources. Delegations called for benefit-sharing arrangements, inclusive participation, and rules that avoid monopolization or first-come, first-served outcomes."},{"key":"capacity-building","label":"Capacity Building and International Cooperation","description":"A number of statements emphasized fellowships, technical assistance, knowledge sharing, education, and cooperative projects as essential for broad participation in space activities. Delegations viewed international cooperation as necessary both for strengthening legal awareness and for helping developing countries build their own space capabilities."}],"words":[{"text":"Second,","start":4544.13,"end":4544.563},{"text":"the","start":4545.028,"end":4545.109},{"text":"views","start":4545.109,"end":4545.397},{"text":"and","start":4545.429,"end":4545.51},{"text":"suggestions","start":4545.526,"end":4545.878},{"text":"of","start":4545.91,"end":4545.975},{"text":"all","start":4546.055,"end":4546.279},{"text":"Countries,","start":4547.226,"end":4547.694},{"text":"especially","start":4547.743,"end":4548.098},{"text":"those","start":4548.098,"end":4548.179},{"text":"of","start":4548.276,"end":4548.308},{"text":"developing","start":4548.308,"end":4548.664},{"text":"countries","start":4548.696,"end":4549.068},{"text":"and","start":4549.165,"end":4549.423},{"text":"emerging","start":4549.423,"end":4549.876},{"text":"spacefaring","start":4550.086,"end":4550.764},{"text":"countries,","start":4550.797,"end":4551.168},{"text":"should","start":4551.201,"end":4551.362},{"text":"be","start":4551.362,"end":4551.604},{"text":"widely","start":4552.008,"end":4552.332},{"text":"and","start":4552.396,"end":4552.477},{"text":"fully","start":4552.477,"end":4552.703},{"text":"incorporated.","start":4552.736,"end":4553.35}]},{"text":"Third, for the concept in the zero draft of recommended principles that go beyond existing outer space law, it is necessary to build broad consensus and deepen research.","start":4553.947,"end":4562.453,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-treaties","label":"Outer Space Treaties and International Legal Basis","description":"Several statements emphasized that any future regime for space activities must remain grounded in the existing UN outer space treaties, especially the Outer Space Treaty. Delegations repeatedly referred to core principles such as peaceful use, non-appropriation, due regard, and compatibility with current international law."},{"key":"space-resource-governance","label":"Space Resource Governance","description":"Many delegations focused on developing internationally agreed principles or rules for the exploration, exploitation, and utilization of space resources. Speakers stressed that current discussions in the Legal Subcommittee and its Working Group should lay the foundation for a coherent global governance framework."}],"words":[{"text":"Third,","start":4553.947,"end":4554.367},{"text":"for","start":4554.416,"end":4554.529},{"text":"the","start":4554.529,"end":4554.658},{"text":"concept","start":4554.658,"end":4555.175},{"text":"in","start":4555.24,"end":4555.288},{"text":"the","start":4555.321,"end":4555.402},{"text":"zero","start":4555.402,"end":4555.725},{"text":"draft","start":4555.725,"end":4556.209},{"text":"of","start":4556.355,"end":4556.42},{"text":"recommended","start":4556.42,"end":4556.854},{"text":"principles","start":4556.854,"end":4557.385},{"text":"that","start":4557.562,"end":4557.819},{"text":"go","start":4557.819,"end":4557.98},{"text":"beyond","start":4557.98,"end":4558.254},{"text":"existing","start":4558.286,"end":4558.672},{"text":"outer","start":4558.849,"end":4558.962},{"text":"space","start":4558.962,"end":4559.251},{"text":"law,","start":4559.251,"end":4559.3},{"text":"it","start":4559.686,"end":4559.766},{"text":"is","start":4559.766,"end":4559.879},{"text":"necessary","start":4559.911,"end":4560.394},{"text":"to","start":4560.394,"end":4560.474},{"text":"build","start":4560.474,"end":4560.635},{"text":"broad","start":4560.635,"end":4560.957},{"text":"consensus","start":4560.973,"end":4561.584},{"text":"and","start":4561.584,"end":4561.681},{"text":"deepen","start":4561.681,"end":4561.971},{"text":"research.","start":4562.148,"end":4562.453}]},{"text":"Thank you, Chair.","start":4562.727,"end":4563.209,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":4562.727,"end":4562.888},{"text":"you,","start":4562.888,"end":4562.952},{"text":"Chair.","start":4562.968,"end":4563.209}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"CHN","affiliation_full":"China","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":27,"start":4568.713,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1e/k1ev2fwlsa?t=4569","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Muchas gracias, distinguished representative of China.","start":4568.713,"end":4572.209,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Muchas","start":4568.713,"end":4569.087},{"text":"gracias,","start":4569.266,"end":4570.73},{"text":"distinguished","start":4570.746,"end":4571.169},{"text":"representative","start":4571.169,"end":4571.722},{"text":"of","start":4571.722,"end":4571.819},{"text":"China.","start":4571.819,"end":4572.209}]},{"text":"The following speaker is the distinguished representative of Germany.","start":4574.818,"end":4577.606,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":4574.818,"end":4574.883},{"text":"following","start":4574.883,"end":4575.157},{"text":"speaker","start":4575.157,"end":4575.543},{"text":"is","start":4575.543,"end":4575.592},{"text":"the","start":4575.705,"end":4575.737},{"text":"distinguished","start":4575.785,"end":4576.188},{"text":"representative","start":4576.188,"end":4576.881},{"text":"of","start":4577.058,"end":4577.203},{"text":"Germany.","start":4577.219,"end":4577.606}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Santiago Ripoll","affiliation":"COPUOS","affiliation_full":"COPUOS","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":28,"start":4580.19,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1e/k1ev2fwlsa?t=4581","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Chair. Honorable Chair, distinguished delegates, we are deeply saddened by the loss of our dear friend Ambassador André Mistal.","start":4580.19,"end":4589.411,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":4580.19,"end":4580.259},{"text":"you,","start":4580.259,"end":4580.328},{"text":"Chair.","start":4580.398,"end":4580.588},{"text":"Honorable","start":4582.486,"end":4582.872},{"text":"Chair,","start":4582.904,"end":4583.081},{"text":"distinguished","start":4583.209,"end":4583.643},{"text":"delegates,","start":4583.643,"end":4584.222},{"text":"we","start":4584.591,"end":4584.688},{"text":"are","start":4584.816,"end":4584.864},{"text":"deeply","start":4585.17,"end":4585.475},{"text":"saddened","start":4585.475,"end":4586.037},{"text":"by","start":4586.037,"end":4586.198},{"text":"the","start":4586.198,"end":4586.343},{"text":"loss","start":4586.343,"end":4586.632},{"text":"of","start":4586.744,"end":4586.905},{"text":"our","start":4586.905,"end":4587.066},{"text":"dear","start":4587.066,"end":4587.194},{"text":"friend","start":4587.226,"end":4587.644},{"text":"Ambassador","start":4587.644,"end":4588.222},{"text":"André","start":4588.592,"end":4588.849},{"text":"Mistal.","start":4588.849,"end":4589.411}]},{"text":"We will remember his kindness and his outstanding work and service to COPUS.","start":4590.295,"end":4594.568,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4590.295,"end":4590.376},{"text":"will","start":4590.376,"end":4590.697},{"text":"remember","start":4590.697,"end":4591.147},{"text":"his","start":4591.163,"end":4591.227},{"text":"kindness","start":4591.324,"end":4591.934},{"text":"and","start":4592.131,"end":4592.228},{"text":"his","start":4592.228,"end":4592.358},{"text":"outstanding","start":4592.472,"end":4592.927},{"text":"work","start":4593.041,"end":4593.48},{"text":"and","start":4593.593,"end":4593.658},{"text":"service","start":4593.691,"end":4593.983},{"text":"to","start":4594.032,"end":4594.178},{"text":"COPUS.","start":4594.178,"end":4594.568}]},{"text":"Germany is committed to continue the work under the work plan under this agenda item, under the able leadership of Professor Friedland as chair, and thanks him for his dedication and availability to take over this important role.","start":4596.128,"end":4610.239,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Germany","start":4596.128,"end":4596.453},{"text":"is","start":4596.453,"end":4596.6},{"text":"committed","start":4596.6,"end":4597.152},{"text":"to","start":4597.266,"end":4597.363},{"text":"continue","start":4597.412,"end":4597.851},{"text":"the","start":4597.916,"end":4597.965},{"text":"work","start":4597.997,"end":4598.436},{"text":"under","start":4598.658,"end":4598.835},{"text":"the","start":4598.835,"end":4598.98},{"text":"work","start":4598.98,"end":4599.157},{"text":"plan","start":4599.222,"end":4599.447},{"text":"under","start":4599.544,"end":4599.737},{"text":"this","start":4599.737,"end":4599.85},{"text":"agenda","start":4599.963,"end":4600.365},{"text":"item,","start":4600.365,"end":4600.784},{"text":"under","start":4601.332,"end":4601.622},{"text":"the","start":4601.638,"end":4601.783},{"text":"able","start":4601.815,"end":4602.121},{"text":"leadership","start":4602.121,"end":4602.621},{"text":"of","start":4602.685,"end":4602.75},{"text":"Professor","start":4602.846,"end":4603.313},{"text":"Friedland","start":4603.329,"end":4603.958},{"text":"as","start":4604.151,"end":4604.199},{"text":"chair,","start":4604.377,"end":4604.586},{"text":"and","start":4605.504,"end":4605.585},{"text":"thanks","start":4605.601,"end":4605.875},{"text":"him","start":4605.987,"end":4606.052},{"text":"for","start":4606.165,"end":4606.294},{"text":"his","start":4606.31,"end":4606.455},{"text":"dedication","start":4606.487,"end":4607.18},{"text":"and","start":4607.619,"end":4607.684},{"text":"availability","start":4607.847,"end":4608.481},{"text":"to","start":4608.514,"end":4608.66},{"text":"take","start":4608.66,"end":4608.904},{"text":"over","start":4609.067,"end":4609.246},{"text":"this","start":4609.246,"end":4609.376},{"text":"important","start":4609.572,"end":4610.06},{"text":"role.","start":4610.06,"end":4610.239}]},{"text":"The use of resources on celestial bodies could be a key to sustainable space exploration.","start":4612.473,"end":4617.628,"topics":[{"key":"space-resource-governance","label":"Space Resource Governance","description":"Many delegations focused on developing internationally agreed principles or rules for the exploration, exploitation, and utilization of space resources. Speakers stressed that current discussions in the Legal Subcommittee and its Working Group should lay the foundation for a coherent global governance framework."},{"key":"space-environment","label":"Sustainability and Environmental Protection","description":"Many speakers linked space resource activities to the need to protect the space environment and ensure long-term sustainability. Issues raised included space debris, planetary protection, environmental impact assessment, avoiding harmful contamination, and preserving celestial bodies for future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":4612.473,"end":4612.538},{"text":"use","start":4612.554,"end":4612.797},{"text":"of","start":4612.797,"end":4612.959},{"text":"resources","start":4612.959,"end":4613.575},{"text":"on","start":4613.673,"end":4613.77},{"text":"celestial","start":4613.77,"end":4614.321},{"text":"bodies","start":4614.321,"end":4614.629},{"text":"could","start":4614.743,"end":4614.97},{"text":"be","start":4614.97,"end":4615.18},{"text":"a","start":4615.229,"end":4615.245},{"text":"key","start":4615.294,"end":4615.634},{"text":"to","start":4615.634,"end":4615.732},{"text":"sustainable","start":4615.732,"end":4616.542},{"text":"space","start":4616.623,"end":4616.996},{"text":"exploration.","start":4616.996,"end":4617.628}]},{"text":"Materials found in space, such as rocks, oxygen, or metals, may have valuable applications in sustaining life, providing fuel, or building infrastructure.","start":4618.68,"end":4628.974,"topics":[{"key":"space-resource-governance","label":"Space Resource Governance","description":"Many delegations focused on developing internationally agreed principles or rules for the exploration, exploitation, and utilization of space resources. Speakers stressed that current discussions in the Legal Subcommittee and its Working Group should lay the foundation for a coherent global governance framework."}],"words":[{"text":"Materials","start":4618.68,"end":4619.086},{"text":"found","start":4619.183,"end":4619.508},{"text":"in","start":4619.524,"end":4619.573},{"text":"space,","start":4619.67,"end":4619.979},{"text":"such","start":4620.434,"end":4620.807},{"text":"as","start":4620.807,"end":4620.872},{"text":"rocks,","start":4620.986,"end":4621.505},{"text":"oxygen,","start":4621.7,"end":4622.269},{"text":"or","start":4622.512,"end":4622.545},{"text":"metals,","start":4622.545,"end":4622.983},{"text":"may","start":4623.665,"end":4623.747},{"text":"have","start":4623.812,"end":4624.039},{"text":"valuable","start":4624.072,"end":4624.689},{"text":"applications","start":4624.884,"end":4625.663},{"text":"in","start":4625.538,"end":4625.587},{"text":"sustaining","start":4625.636,"end":4626.176},{"text":"life,","start":4626.209,"end":4626.618},{"text":"providing","start":4626.7,"end":4627.141},{"text":"fuel,","start":4627.256,"end":4627.894},{"text":"or","start":4628.156,"end":4628.238},{"text":"building","start":4628.238,"end":4628.516},{"text":"infrastructure.","start":4628.516,"end":4628.974}]},{"text":"Using them in situ opens up possibilities and reduces costs and negative impacts of transporting materials from Earth to space.","start":4630.38,"end":4638.319,"topics":[{"key":"space-resource-governance","label":"Space Resource Governance","description":"Many delegations focused on developing internationally agreed principles or rules for the exploration, exploitation, and utilization of space resources. 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Speakers stressed that current discussions in the Legal Subcommittee and its Working Group should lay the foundation for a coherent global governance framework."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":4692.656,"end":4692.72},{"text":"contrast,","start":4692.72,"end":4693.237},{"text":"exploitation","start":4693.786,"end":4694.384},{"text":"of","start":4694.384,"end":4694.448},{"text":"space","start":4694.448,"end":4694.755},{"text":"resources","start":4694.755,"end":4695.304},{"text":"for","start":4695.385,"end":4695.498},{"text":"purely","start":4695.498,"end":4695.789},{"text":"commercial","start":4695.821,"end":4696.225},{"text":"purposes","start":4696.225,"end":4696.758},{"text":"entails","start":4696.871,"end":4697.242},{"text":"the","start":4697.355,"end":4697.436},{"text":"risk","start":4697.436,"end":4697.824},{"text":"of","start":4697.824,"end":4697.937},{"text":"placing","start":4697.985,"end":4698.453},{"text":"the","start":4698.486,"end":4698.566},{"text":"benefits","start":4698.647,"end":4699.099},{"text":"of","start":4699.309,"end":4699.422},{"text":"one","start":4699.535,"end":4699.665},{"text":"party","start":4699.778,"end":4700.149},{"text":"disproportionately","start":4700.666,"end":4701.376},{"text":"above","start":4702.343,"end":4702.715},{"text":"the","start":4703.475,"end":4703.668},{"text":"interests","start":4703.862,"end":4704.557},{"text":"of","start":4704.606,"end":4704.735},{"text":"others.","start":4704.767,"end":4705.058}]},{"text":"An international framework developed by COPRUS is therefore needed.","start":4705.818,"end":4709.033,"topics":[{"key":"space-resource-governance","label":"Space Resource Governance","description":"Many delegations focused on developing internationally agreed principles or rules for the exploration, exploitation, and utilization of space resources. Speakers stressed that current discussions in the Legal Subcommittee and its Working Group should lay the foundation for a coherent global governance framework."}],"words":[{"text":"An","start":4705.818,"end":4705.963},{"text":"international","start":4705.963,"end":4706.448},{"text":"framework","start":4706.448,"end":4706.965},{"text":"developed","start":4706.965,"end":4707.337},{"text":"by","start":4707.337,"end":4707.369},{"text":"COPRUS","start":4707.417,"end":4707.934},{"text":"is","start":4707.934,"end":4708.015},{"text":"therefore","start":4708.08,"end":4708.435},{"text":"needed.","start":4708.726,"end":4709.033}]},{"text":"We appreciate the Working Group on Space Resources is working as a first step on principles for resource activities permitted under the Outer Space Treaty, namely exploration and use.","start":4710.426,"end":4721.385,"topics":[{"key":"space-resource-governance","label":"Space Resource Governance","description":"Many delegations focused on developing internationally agreed principles or rules for the exploration, exploitation, and utilization of space resources. 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Delegations repeatedly referred to core principles such as peaceful use, non-appropriation, due regard, and compatibility with current international law."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4710.426,"end":4710.555},{"text":"appreciate","start":4710.587,"end":4711.169},{"text":"the","start":4711.169,"end":4711.217},{"text":"Working","start":4711.249,"end":4711.54},{"text":"Group","start":4711.572,"end":4711.895},{"text":"on","start":4711.976,"end":4712.057},{"text":"Space","start":4712.057,"end":4712.493},{"text":"Resources","start":4712.525,"end":4713.155},{"text":"is","start":4713.349,"end":4713.397},{"text":"working","start":4713.591,"end":4714.043},{"text":"as","start":4714.479,"end":4714.608},{"text":"a","start":4714.641,"end":4714.657},{"text":"first","start":4714.705,"end":4715.044},{"text":"step","start":4715.044,"end":4715.513},{"text":"on","start":4715.916,"end":4715.981},{"text":"principles","start":4716.013,"end":4716.546},{"text":"for","start":4716.579,"end":4716.724},{"text":"resource","start":4716.724,"end":4717.144},{"text":"activities","start":4717.144,"end":4717.677},{"text":"permitted","start":4717.79,"end":4718.242},{"text":"under","start":4718.274,"end":4718.5},{"text":"the","start":4718.517,"end":4718.646},{"text":"Outer","start":4718.662,"end":4718.823},{"text":"Space","start":4718.823,"end":4719.066},{"text":"Treaty,","start":4719.066,"end":4719.372},{"text":"namely","start":4719.871,"end":4720.177},{"text":"exploration","start":4720.354,"end":4720.982},{"text":"and","start":4721.015,"end":4721.079},{"text":"use.","start":4721.176,"end":4721.385}]},{"text":"The draft principles circulated by Professor Freeland on behalf of the Bureau are an excellent excellent basis for our discussion.","start":4722.932,"end":4729.5,"topics":[{"key":"space-resource-governance","label":"Space Resource Governance","description":"Many delegations focused on developing internationally agreed principles or rules for the exploration, exploitation, and utilization of space resources. Speakers stressed that current discussions in the Legal Subcommittee and its Working Group should lay the foundation for a coherent global governance framework."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":4722.932,"end":4723.093},{"text":"draft","start":4723.093,"end":4723.431},{"text":"principles","start":4723.431,"end":4723.962},{"text":"circulated","start":4723.995,"end":4724.639},{"text":"by","start":4724.639,"end":4724.8},{"text":"Professor","start":4724.8,"end":4725.203},{"text":"Freeland","start":4725.203,"end":4725.976},{"text":"on","start":4726.25,"end":4726.33},{"text":"behalf","start":4726.33,"end":4726.652},{"text":"of","start":4726.669,"end":4726.781},{"text":"the","start":4726.797,"end":4726.894},{"text":"Bureau","start":4726.894,"end":4727.281},{"text":"are","start":4727.538,"end":4727.635},{"text":"an","start":4727.635,"end":4727.748},{"text":"excellent","start":4727.844,"end":4728.102},{"text":"excellent","start":4728.042,"end":4728.272},{"text":"basis","start":4728.272,"end":4728.779},{"text":"for","start":4728.779,"end":4729.009},{"text":"our","start":4729.009,"end":4729.107},{"text":"discussion.","start":4729.107,"end":4729.5}]},{"text":"To manage possible risks associated with activities on celestial bodies, our delegation considers the following points to be important.","start":4731.39,"end":4739.334,"topics":[{"key":"space-environment","label":"Sustainability and Environmental Protection","description":"Many speakers linked space resource activities to the need to protect the space environment and ensure long-term sustainability. Issues raised included space debris, planetary protection, environmental impact assessment, avoiding harmful contamination, and preserving celestial bodies for future generations."},{"key":"lunar-activities","label":"Lunar Activities and Exploration","description":"The Moon featured prominently as states discussed lunar missions, regolith studies, exploration programs, and the Action Team on Lunar Activities Consultation. Speakers treated lunar activity as an urgent area where legal guidance, coordination, and practical norms are increasingly needed."}],"words":[{"text":"To","start":4731.39,"end":4731.422},{"text":"manage","start":4731.422,"end":4731.713},{"text":"possible","start":4731.81,"end":4732.198},{"text":"risks","start":4732.215,"end":4732.668},{"text":"associated","start":4732.878,"end":4733.59},{"text":"with","start":4733.59,"end":4733.752},{"text":"activities","start":4733.752,"end":4734.302},{"text":"on","start":4734.334,"end":4734.48},{"text":"celestial","start":4734.48,"end":4734.933},{"text":"bodies,","start":4734.981,"end":4735.354},{"text":"our","start":4736.098,"end":4736.211},{"text":"delegation","start":4736.211,"end":4736.777},{"text":"considers","start":4736.842,"end":4737.295},{"text":"the","start":4737.392,"end":4737.473},{"text":"following","start":4737.473,"end":4737.861},{"text":"points","start":4737.959,"end":4738.298},{"text":"to","start":4738.298,"end":4738.428},{"text":"be","start":4738.46,"end":4738.687},{"text":"important.","start":4738.703,"end":4739.334}]},{"text":"First, all space resource activities must be conducted in accordance with internationally agreed planetary protection requirements.","start":4740.77,"end":4748.245,"topics":[{"key":"space-environment","label":"Sustainability and Environmental Protection","description":"Many speakers linked space resource activities to the need to protect the space environment and ensure long-term sustainability. Issues raised included space debris, planetary protection, environmental impact assessment, avoiding harmful contamination, and preserving celestial bodies for future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"First,","start":4740.77,"end":4741.126},{"text":"all","start":4741.759,"end":4741.791},{"text":"space","start":4741.791,"end":4742.164},{"text":"resource","start":4742.164,"end":4742.586},{"text":"activities","start":4742.586,"end":4743.121},{"text":"must","start":4743.315,"end":4743.575},{"text":"be","start":4743.64,"end":4743.786},{"text":"conducted","start":4743.786,"end":4744.288},{"text":"in","start":4744.288,"end":4744.386},{"text":"accordance","start":4744.386,"end":4744.856},{"text":"with","start":4744.856,"end":4745.018},{"text":"internationally","start":4745.018,"end":4745.634},{"text":"agreed","start":4745.813,"end":4746.218},{"text":"planetary","start":4746.218,"end":4746.769},{"text":"protection","start":4746.802,"end":4747.418},{"text":"requirements.","start":4747.451,"end":4748.245}]},{"text":"They should not interfere with scientific investigations into the origin and distribution of life in our solar system.","start":4749.153,"end":4756.623,"topics":[{"key":"space-environment","label":"Sustainability and Environmental Protection","description":"Many speakers linked space resource activities to the need to protect the space environment and ensure long-term sustainability. Issues raised included space debris, planetary protection, environmental impact assessment, avoiding harmful contamination, and preserving celestial bodies for future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"They","start":4749.153,"end":4749.234},{"text":"should","start":4749.234,"end":4749.559},{"text":"not","start":4749.559,"end":4749.802},{"text":"interfere","start":4749.802,"end":4750.384},{"text":"with","start":4750.935,"end":4751.096},{"text":"scientific","start":4751.096,"end":4751.728},{"text":"investigations","start":4751.744,"end":4752.731},{"text":"into","start":4753.022,"end":4753.33},{"text":"the","start":4753.378,"end":4753.508},{"text":"origin","start":4753.588,"end":4753.977},{"text":"and","start":4754.171,"end":4754.236},{"text":"distribution","start":4754.252,"end":4755.045},{"text":"of","start":4755.045,"end":4755.417},{"text":"life","start":4755.162,"end":4755.419},{"text":"in","start":4755.483,"end":4755.563},{"text":"our","start":4755.627,"end":4755.74},{"text":"solar","start":4755.74,"end":4756.125},{"text":"system.","start":4756.125,"end":4756.623}]},{"text":"Second, a balance must be struck between exploration and environmental protection.","start":4758.116,"end":4762.596,"topics":[{"key":"space-environment","label":"Sustainability and Environmental Protection","description":"Many speakers linked space resource activities to the need to protect the space environment and ensure long-term sustainability. Issues raised included space debris, planetary protection, environmental impact assessment, avoiding harmful contamination, and preserving celestial bodies for future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"Second,","start":4758.116,"end":4758.678},{"text":"a","start":4759.079,"end":4759.16},{"text":"balance","start":4759.16,"end":4759.497},{"text":"must","start":4759.497,"end":4759.69},{"text":"be","start":4759.722,"end":4759.818},{"text":"struck","start":4759.818,"end":4760.075},{"text":"between","start":4760.139,"end":4760.46},{"text":"exploration","start":4760.46,"end":4761.054},{"text":"and","start":4761.087,"end":4761.295},{"text":"environmental","start":4761.343,"end":4762.066},{"text":"protection.","start":4762.066,"end":4762.596}]},{"text":"Recognizing the environmental and scientific value of space and celestial bodies, any serious damage to the environment and interference with the opportunity of others, including future generations, to carry out scientific research should be avoided.","start":4763.495,"end":4780.499,"topics":[{"key":"space-environment","label":"Sustainability and Environmental Protection","description":"Many speakers linked space resource activities to the need to protect the space environment and ensure long-term sustainability. 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we welcome that the draft principles have been published in all UN languages on the website.","start":4845.512,"end":4851.814,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Therefore,","start":4845.512,"end":4846.076},{"text":"we","start":4846.398,"end":4846.543},{"text":"welcome","start":4846.543,"end":4846.881},{"text":"that","start":4846.881,"end":4847.043},{"text":"the","start":4847.043,"end":4847.123},{"text":"draft","start":4847.123,"end":4847.445},{"text":"principles","start":4847.445,"end":4847.977},{"text":"have","start":4848.09,"end":4848.38},{"text":"been","start":4848.412,"end":4848.541},{"text":"published","start":4848.573,"end":4849.137},{"text":"in","start":4849.459,"end":4849.588},{"text":"all","start":4849.685,"end":4849.733},{"text":"UN","start":4849.846,"end":4850.055},{"text":"languages","start":4850.184,"end":4850.716},{"text":"on","start":4851.151,"end":4851.216},{"text":"the","start":4851.216,"end":4851.283},{"text":"website.","start":4851.299,"end":4851.814}]},{"text":"Thank you 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was pleased to receive the draft set of initial recommended principles on 14 March 2025.","start":5018.147,"end":5024.64,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Australia","start":5018.147,"end":5018.596},{"text":"was","start":5018.612,"end":5018.676},{"text":"pleased","start":5018.852,"end":5019.237},{"text":"to","start":5019.269,"end":5019.414},{"text":"receive","start":5019.414,"end":5019.798},{"text":"the","start":5019.814,"end":5019.878},{"text":"draft","start":5019.911,"end":5020.247},{"text":"set","start":5020.247,"end":5020.488},{"text":"of","start":5020.488,"end":5020.568},{"text":"initial","start":5020.568,"end":5021.001},{"text":"recommended","start":5021.033,"end":5021.562},{"text":"principles","start":5021.594,"end":5022.203},{"text":"on","start":5022.315,"end":5022.363},{"text":"14","start":5022.475,"end":5023.005},{"text":"March","start":5023.037,"end":5023.325},{"text":"2025.","start":5023.518,"end":5024.64}]},{"text":"We thank Mr. Stephen Freeland for for preparing these for consideration by the working group.","start":5025.586,"end":5031.196,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":5025.586,"end":5025.682},{"text":"thank","start":5025.682,"end":5026.082},{"text":"Mr.","start":5026.082,"end":5026.339},{"text":"Stephen","start":5026.387,"end":5026.772},{"text":"Freeland","start":5026.804,"end":5027.285},{"text":"for","start":5027.349,"end":5027.621},{"text":"for","start":5028.07,"end":5028.295},{"text":"preparing","start":5028.311,"end":5028.776},{"text":"these","start":5028.888,"end":5029.176},{"text":"for","start":5029.273,"end":5029.369},{"text":"consideration","start":5029.369,"end":5030.058},{"text":"by","start":5030.09,"end":5030.315},{"text":"the","start":5030.315,"end":5030.379},{"text":"working","start":5030.411,"end":5030.78},{"text":"group.","start":5030.812,"end":5031.196}]},{"text":"The recent intersessional meeting of the working group provided a timely opportunity to engage in initial productive discussions, and we look forward to further.","start":5032.238,"end":5040.927,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":5032.238,"end":5032.302},{"text":"recent","start":5032.335,"end":5032.815},{"text":"intersessional","start":5032.88,"end":5033.521},{"text":"meeting","start":5033.521,"end":5033.825},{"text":"of","start":5033.857,"end":5033.938},{"text":"the","start":5033.938,"end":5033.986},{"text":"working","start":5034.018,"end":5034.306},{"text":"group","start":5034.322,"end":5034.579},{"text":"provided","start":5034.579,"end":5035.044},{"text":"a","start":5035.044,"end":5035.14},{"text":"timely","start":5035.14,"end":5035.605},{"text":"opportunity","start":5035.621,"end":5036.198},{"text":"to","start":5036.422,"end":5036.535},{"text":"engage","start":5036.567,"end":5037.112},{"text":"in","start":5037.16,"end":5037.256},{"text":"initial","start":5037.304,"end":5037.833},{"text":"productive","start":5037.865,"end":5038.426},{"text":"discussions,","start":5038.426,"end":5039.196},{"text":"and","start":5039.709,"end":5039.773},{"text":"we","start":5039.789,"end":5039.869},{"text":"look","start":5039.933,"end":5040.094},{"text":"forward","start":5040.094,"end":5040.494},{"text":"to","start":5040.494,"end":5040.59},{"text":"further.","start":5040.59,"end":5040.927}]},{"text":"Changes during this session.","start":5041.12,"end":5042.483,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Changes","start":5041.12,"end":5041.521},{"text":"during","start":5041.617,"end":5041.761},{"text":"this","start":5041.857,"end":5041.97},{"text":"session.","start":5041.97,"end":5042.483}]},{"text":"We note some matters which may be of relevance to space resource activities, for example, information sharing and consultation, are currently being considered within the committee.","start":5043.718,"end":5053.793,"topics":[{"key":"space-resource-governance","label":"Space Resource Governance","description":"Many delegations focused on developing internationally agreed principles or rules for the exploration, exploitation, and utilization of space resources. Speakers stressed that current discussions in the Legal Subcommittee and its Working Group should lay the foundation for a coherent global governance framework."},{"key":"space-traffic","label":"Space Traffic and Operational Coordination","description":"Some delegations highlighted the need to study the legal and policy aspects of space traffic coordination and management as space operations become more crowded. Related concerns included consultation, interoperability, security zones, and practical mechanisms to reduce risks and prevent conflicts."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":5043.718,"end":5043.799},{"text":"note","start":5043.799,"end":5044.023},{"text":"some","start":5044.119,"end":5044.312},{"text":"matters","start":5044.36,"end":5044.809},{"text":"which","start":5044.922,"end":5045.05},{"text":"may","start":5045.146,"end":5045.403},{"text":"be","start":5045.403,"end":5045.483},{"text":"of","start":5045.483,"end":5045.611},{"text":"relevance","start":5045.644,"end":5046.093},{"text":"to","start":5046.189,"end":5046.285},{"text":"space","start":5046.285,"end":5046.574},{"text":"resource","start":5046.686,"end":5047.087},{"text":"activities,","start":5047.087,"end":5047.777},{"text":"for","start":5048.05,"end":5048.194},{"text":"example,","start":5048.194,"end":5048.676},{"text":"information","start":5048.836,"end":5049.43},{"text":"sharing","start":5049.478,"end":5049.783},{"text":"and","start":5049.815,"end":5049.927},{"text":"consultation,","start":5049.959,"end":5050.825},{"text":"are","start":5051.644,"end":5051.74},{"text":"currently","start":5051.74,"end":5052.269},{"text":"being","start":5052.285,"end":5052.43},{"text":"considered","start":5052.526,"end":5053.007},{"text":"within","start":5053.007,"end":5053.232},{"text":"the","start":5053.264,"end":5053.408},{"text":"committee.","start":5053.408,"end":5053.793}]},{"text":"This includes by the Working Group on the Status and Application of the 5 United Nations Treaties on Outer Space and the Action Team on Lunar Activities Consultation, ATLAC.","start":5054.964,"end":5065.857,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-treaties","label":"Outer Space Treaties and International Legal Basis","description":"Several statements emphasized that any future regime for space activities must remain grounded in the existing UN outer space treaties, especially the Outer Space Treaty. Delegations repeatedly referred to core principles such as peaceful use, non-appropriation, due regard, and compatibility with current international law."},{"key":"lunar-activities","label":"Lunar Activities and Exploration","description":"The Moon featured prominently as states discussed lunar missions, regolith studies, exploration programs, and the Action Team on Lunar Activities Consultation. Speakers treated lunar activity as an urgent area where legal guidance, coordination, and practical norms are increasingly needed."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":5054.964,"end":5055.077},{"text":"includes","start":5055.189,"end":5055.718},{"text":"by","start":5055.75,"end":5055.911},{"text":"the","start":5055.911,"end":5056.039},{"text":"Working","start":5056.055,"end":5056.36},{"text":"Group","start":5056.392,"end":5056.649},{"text":"on","start":5056.649,"end":5056.729},{"text":"the","start":5056.777,"end":5056.857},{"text":"Status","start":5056.857,"end":5057.242},{"text":"and","start":5057.355,"end":5057.435},{"text":"Application","start":5057.435,"end":5058.157},{"text":"of","start":5058.157,"end":5058.237},{"text":"the","start":5058.237,"end":5058.333},{"text":"5","start":5058.381,"end":5058.686},{"text":"United","start":5058.702,"end":5059.184},{"text":"Nations","start":5059.184,"end":5059.617},{"text":"Treaties","start":5059.681,"end":5060.21},{"text":"on","start":5060.387,"end":5060.435},{"text":"Outer","start":5060.547,"end":5060.708},{"text":"Space","start":5060.708,"end":5061.173},{"text":"and","start":5061.686,"end":5061.831},{"text":"the","start":5061.831,"end":5061.991},{"text":"Action","start":5062.071,"end":5062.408},{"text":"Team","start":5062.408,"end":5062.745},{"text":"on","start":5062.873,"end":5063.034},{"text":"Lunar","start":5063.034,"end":5063.419},{"text":"Activities","start":5063.451,"end":5063.9},{"text":"Consultation,","start":5063.996,"end":5064.847},{"text":"ATLAC.","start":5065.2,"end":5065.857}]},{"text":"In all our work, it is important that each line of effort complements the others.","start":5066.643,"end":5070.579,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":5066.643,"end":5066.74},{"text":"all","start":5066.74,"end":5066.852},{"text":"our","start":5066.964,"end":5067.109},{"text":"work,","start":5067.125,"end":5067.397},{"text":"it","start":5067.526,"end":5067.623},{"text":"is","start":5067.623,"end":5067.672},{"text":"important","start":5067.769,"end":5068.237},{"text":"that","start":5068.253,"end":5068.366},{"text":"each","start":5068.495,"end":5068.56},{"text":"line","start":5068.738,"end":5068.932},{"text":"of","start":5068.932,"end":5069.125},{"text":"effort","start":5069.158,"end":5069.368},{"text":"complements","start":5069.481,"end":5070.078},{"text":"the","start":5070.127,"end":5070.288},{"text":"others.","start":5070.288,"end":5070.579}]},{"text":"To this end, Australia supports consultation between the Bureau of the Committee's working groups and the ATAC as appropriate.","start":5071.564,"end":5079.37,"topics":[{"key":"capacity-building","label":"Capacity Building and International Cooperation","description":"A number of statements emphasized fellowships, technical assistance, knowledge sharing, education, and cooperative projects as essential for broad participation in space activities. Delegations viewed international cooperation as necessary both for strengthening legal awareness and for helping developing countries build their own space capabilities."}],"words":[{"text":"To","start":5071.564,"end":5071.661},{"text":"this","start":5071.661,"end":5071.774},{"text":"end,","start":5071.903,"end":5072.226},{"text":"Australia","start":5072.323,"end":5072.727},{"text":"supports","start":5072.727,"end":5073.276},{"text":"consultation","start":5073.276,"end":5074.084},{"text":"between","start":5074.084,"end":5074.455},{"text":"the","start":5074.552,"end":5074.633},{"text":"Bureau","start":5074.649,"end":5075.069},{"text":"of","start":5075.763,"end":5075.909},{"text":"the","start":5075.941,"end":5075.99},{"text":"Committee's","start":5075.99,"end":5076.498},{"text":"working","start":5076.498,"end":5076.81},{"text":"groups","start":5076.843,"end":5077.368},{"text":"and","start":5077.565,"end":5077.712},{"text":"the","start":5077.745,"end":5077.877},{"text":"ATAC","start":5077.893,"end":5078.336},{"text":"as","start":5078.484,"end":5078.533},{"text":"appropriate.","start":5078.582,"end":5079.37}]},{"text":"Australia, through the Australian Space Agency, was pleased to co-host the 30th annual meeting of the Asia-Pacific Regional Space Agency Forum, APRSAP30, with the Japan Aerospace Space and Exploration Agency and Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan in Perth from 26 to 29 November 2024.","start":5081.387,"end":5105.057,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Australia,","start":5081.387,"end":5081.95},{"text":"through","start":5081.966,"end":5082.207},{"text":"the","start":5082.287,"end":5082.384},{"text":"Australian","start":5082.384,"end":5082.738},{"text":"Space","start":5082.85,"end":5083.204},{"text":"Agency,","start":5083.316,"end":5083.799},{"text":"was","start":5083.815,"end":5083.992},{"text":"pleased","start":5084.04,"end":5084.361},{"text":"to","start":5084.361,"end":5084.506},{"text":"co-host","start":5084.522,"end":5085.246},{"text":"the","start":5085.246,"end":5085.326},{"text":"30th","start":5085.326,"end":5085.873},{"text":"annual","start":5086.05,"end":5086.323},{"text":"meeting","start":5086.323,"end":5086.741},{"text":"of","start":5086.87,"end":5086.934},{"text":"the","start":5086.95,"end":5087.063},{"text":"Asia-Pacific","start":5087.175,"end":5087.85},{"text":"Regional","start":5087.915,"end":5088.317},{"text":"Space","start":5088.317,"end":5088.783},{"text":"Agency","start":5088.783,"end":5089.281},{"text":"Forum,","start":5089.33,"end":5089.788},{"text":"APRSAP30,","start":5090.672,"end":5091.867},{"text":"with","start":5092.456,"end":5092.554},{"text":"the","start":5092.554,"end":5092.702},{"text":"Japan","start":5092.702,"end":5093.16},{"text":"Aerospace","start":5093.373,"end":5093.668},{"text":"Space","start":5093.77,"end":5094.042},{"text":"and","start":5094.042,"end":5094.171},{"text":"Exploration","start":5094.203,"end":5094.974},{"text":"Agency","start":5095.086,"end":5095.696},{"text":"and","start":5095.793,"end":5095.873},{"text":"Ministry","start":5095.889,"end":5096.387},{"text":"of","start":5096.387,"end":5096.499},{"text":"Education,","start":5096.612,"end":5097.302},{"text":"Culture,","start":5097.398,"end":5097.976},{"text":"Sports,","start":5097.992,"end":5098.522},{"text":"Science","start":5098.538,"end":5099.1},{"text":"and","start":5099.165,"end":5099.261},{"text":"Technology","start":5099.261,"end":5099.839},{"text":"of","start":5099.839,"end":5099.903},{"text":"Japan","start":5099.903,"end":5100.433},{"text":"in","start":5101.107,"end":5101.236},{"text":"Perth","start":5101.268,"end":5101.637},{"text":"from","start":5101.99,"end":5102.167},{"text":"26","start":5102.296,"end":5102.874},{"text":"to","start":5102.874,"end":5103.018},{"text":"29","start":5103.018,"end":5103.484},{"text":"November","start":5103.58,"end":5103.998},{"text":"2024.","start":5103.998,"end":5105.057}]},{"text":"The theme of the forum, Collaborating to Build a Sustainable and Responsible Regional Space Sector, provided an opportunity to explore several aspects of outer space activities.","start":5106.085,"end":5116.923,"topics":[{"key":"space-environment","label":"Sustainability and Environmental Protection","description":"Many speakers linked space resource activities to the need to protect the space environment and ensure long-term sustainability. Issues raised included space debris, planetary protection, environmental impact assessment, avoiding harmful contamination, and preserving celestial bodies for future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":5106.085,"end":5106.165},{"text":"theme","start":5106.165,"end":5106.438},{"text":"of","start":5106.551,"end":5106.615},{"text":"the","start":5106.663,"end":5106.775},{"text":"forum,","start":5106.791,"end":5107.257},{"text":"Collaborating","start":5107.61,"end":5108.381},{"text":"to","start":5108.397,"end":5108.461},{"text":"Build","start":5108.493,"end":5108.75},{"text":"a","start":5108.75,"end":5108.766},{"text":"Sustainable","start":5108.798,"end":5109.457},{"text":"and","start":5109.457,"end":5109.617},{"text":"Responsible","start":5109.617,"end":5110.228},{"text":"Regional","start":5110.324,"end":5110.677},{"text":"Space","start":5110.677,"end":5111.095},{"text":"Sector,","start":5111.143,"end":5111.464},{"text":"provided","start":5112.267,"end":5112.813},{"text":"an","start":5112.813,"end":5112.861},{"text":"opportunity","start":5113.053,"end":5113.68},{"text":"to","start":5113.776,"end":5113.937},{"text":"explore","start":5113.937,"end":5114.434},{"text":"several","start":5114.434,"end":5114.98},{"text":"aspects","start":5114.98,"end":5115.494},{"text":"of","start":5115.494,"end":5115.623},{"text":"outer","start":5115.703,"end":5115.799},{"text":"space","start":5115.799,"end":5116.152},{"text":"activities.","start":5116.265,"end":5116.923}]},{"text":"This included through a space Policy and Law Working Group session entitled Sustainability and Lunar Activities: Opportunities for Coordination and Governance.","start":5117.87,"end":5127.296,"topics":[{"key":"lunar-activities","label":"Lunar Activities and Exploration","description":"The Moon featured prominently as states discussed lunar missions, regolith studies, exploration programs, and the Action Team on Lunar Activities Consultation. Speakers treated lunar activity as an urgent area where legal guidance, coordination, and practical norms are increasingly needed."},{"key":"space-environment","label":"Sustainability and Environmental Protection","description":"Many speakers linked space resource activities to the need to protect the space environment and ensure long-term sustainability. Issues raised included space debris, planetary protection, environmental impact assessment, avoiding harmful contamination, and preserving celestial bodies for future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":5117.87,"end":5118.047},{"text":"included","start":5118.047,"end":5118.593},{"text":"through","start":5118.593,"end":5118.786},{"text":"a","start":5118.786,"end":5118.85},{"text":"space","start":5118.85,"end":5119.54},{"text":"Policy","start":5119.3,"end":5119.733},{"text":"and","start":5119.733,"end":5119.861},{"text":"Law","start":5119.894,"end":5119.974},{"text":"Working","start":5120.134,"end":5120.423},{"text":"Group","start":5120.52,"end":5120.777},{"text":"session","start":5120.777,"end":5121.146},{"text":"entitled","start":5121.355,"end":5122.045},{"text":"Sustainability","start":5122.045,"end":5123.073},{"text":"and","start":5123.249,"end":5123.314},{"text":"Lunar","start":5123.426,"end":5123.651},{"text":"Activities:","start":5123.731,"end":5124.357},{"text":"Opportunities","start":5124.951,"end":5125.642},{"text":"for","start":5125.754,"end":5125.899},{"text":"Coordination","start":5125.899,"end":5126.557},{"text":"and","start":5126.557,"end":5126.718},{"text":"Governance.","start":5126.718,"end":5127.296}]},{"text":"This session was a valuable opportunity to hear a range of perspectives on lines of effort related to lunar activities.","start":5128.789,"end":5134.874,"topics":[{"key":"lunar-activities","label":"Lunar Activities and Exploration","description":"The Moon featured prominently as states discussed lunar missions, regolith studies, exploration programs, and the Action Team on Lunar Activities Consultation. Speakers treated lunar activity as an urgent area where legal guidance, coordination, and practical norms are increasingly needed."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":5128.789,"end":5128.885},{"text":"session","start":5128.885,"end":5129.271},{"text":"was","start":5129.271,"end":5129.431},{"text":"a","start":5129.431,"end":5129.463},{"text":"valuable","start":5129.463,"end":5129.961},{"text":"opportunity","start":5130.09,"end":5130.7},{"text":"to","start":5130.732,"end":5130.892},{"text":"hear","start":5130.892,"end":5131.117},{"text":"a","start":5131.117,"end":5131.214},{"text":"range","start":5131.214,"end":5131.486},{"text":"of","start":5131.535,"end":5131.663},{"text":"perspectives","start":5131.695,"end":5132.386},{"text":"on","start":5132.482,"end":5132.546},{"text":"lines","start":5132.578,"end":5132.948},{"text":"of","start":5132.98,"end":5133.076},{"text":"effort","start":5133.124,"end":5133.381},{"text":"related","start":5133.381,"end":5133.767},{"text":"to","start":5133.767,"end":5133.879},{"text":"lunar","start":5133.879,"end":5134.168},{"text":"activities.","start":5134.168,"end":5134.874}]},{"text":"The agency was pleased to moderate the session in support of enhancing information sharing and mutual learning of the practice of space policy and law.","start":5135.87,"end":5144.573,"topics":[{"key":"capacity-building","label":"Capacity Building and International Cooperation","description":"A number of statements emphasized fellowships, technical assistance, knowledge sharing, education, and cooperative projects as essential for broad participation in space activities. 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this session, we are ready to contribute to discussions on the content and terminology of the draft according to the structure proposed by the Vice 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note with satisfaction that many of the principles Italy highlighted in its contribution align closely with those proposed by the Vice Chair and could be widely supported by Working Group 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commend Professor Frieland once again for his dedication and the valuable work accomplished so far.","start":5364.802,"end":5369.658,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":5364.802,"end":5364.899},{"text":"commend","start":5364.899,"end":5365.19},{"text":"Professor","start":5365.222,"end":5365.609},{"text":"Frieland","start":5365.609,"end":5366.174},{"text":"once","start":5366.174,"end":5366.351},{"text":"again","start":5366.351,"end":5366.561},{"text":"for","start":5366.593,"end":5366.674},{"text":"his","start":5366.674,"end":5366.899},{"text":"dedication","start":5366.899,"end":5367.529},{"text":"and","start":5367.883,"end":5367.948},{"text":"the","start":5368.029,"end":5368.061},{"text":"valuable","start":5368.061,"end":5368.529},{"text":"work","start":5368.529,"end":5368.787},{"text":"accomplished","start":5368.787,"end":5369.287},{"text":"so","start":5369.319,"end":5369.497},{"text":"far.","start":5369.497,"end":5369.658}]},{"text":"Thank you, Mr.","start":5370.11,"end":5370.626,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":5370.11,"end":5370.193},{"text":"you,","start":5370.193,"end":5370.226},{"text":"Mr.","start":5370.243,"end":5370.626}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"Chair.","start":5370.81,"end":5371.16,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Chair.","start":5370.81,"end":5371.16}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"ITA","affiliation_full":"Italy","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":33,"start":5375.522,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1e/k1ev2fwlsa?t=5376","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of Italy.","start":5375.522,"end":5377.399,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":5375.522,"end":5375.538},{"text":"thank","start":5375.538,"end":5375.767},{"text":"the","start":5375.767,"end":5375.8},{"text":"distinguished","start":5375.8,"end":5376.175},{"text":"representative","start":5376.175,"end":5376.975},{"text":"of","start":5376.975,"end":5377.089},{"text":"Italy.","start":5377.089,"end":5377.399}]},{"text":"for his statement.","start":5377.827,"end":5378.583,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"for","start":5377.827,"end":5377.935},{"text":"his","start":5378.008,"end":5378.08},{"text":"statement.","start":5378.115,"end":5378.583}]},{"text":"The following speaker on my list is the distinguished representative of Chile.","start":5380.12,"end":5383.896,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":5380.12,"end":5380.168},{"text":"following","start":5380.168,"end":5380.364},{"text":"speaker","start":5380.396,"end":5380.722},{"text":"on","start":5380.722,"end":5380.754},{"text":"my","start":5380.754,"end":5380.966},{"text":"list","start":5380.966,"end":5381.454},{"text":"is","start":5381.601,"end":5381.666},{"text":"the","start":5381.78,"end":5381.878},{"text":"distinguished","start":5381.878,"end":5382.333},{"text":"representative","start":5382.333,"end":5382.968},{"text":"of","start":5383.489,"end":5383.619},{"text":"Chile.","start":5383.652,"end":5383.896}]},{"text":"You have the floor.","start":5384.45,"end":5384.938,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"You","start":5384.45,"end":5384.531},{"text":"have","start":5384.531,"end":5384.596},{"text":"the","start":5384.629,"end":5384.71},{"text":"floor.","start":5384.71,"end":5384.938}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Santiago Ripoll","affiliation":"COPUOS","affiliation_full":"COPUOS","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":34,"start":5385.345,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1e/k1ev2fwlsa?t=5386","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you very much, Chair.","start":5385.345,"end":5386.175,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":5385.345,"end":5385.459},{"text":"you","start":5385.459,"end":5385.54},{"text":"very","start":5385.54,"end":5385.703},{"text":"much,","start":5385.703,"end":5385.898},{"text":"Chair.","start":5385.996,"end":5386.175}]},{"text":"Chair, Chile restates that the exploration of space resources must be governed by the principles of international law, in particular of national non-appropriation as enshrined in the Space Treaty, and accordingly we support the need to continue discussions here in COP+ in an inclusive, transparent fashion based on the common interest of humankind.","start":5387.672,"end":5410.671,"topics":[{"key":"space-resource-governance","label":"Space Resource Governance","description":"Many delegations focused on developing internationally agreed principles or rules for the exploration, exploitation, and utilization of space resources. Speakers stressed that current discussions in the Legal Subcommittee and its Working Group should lay the foundation for a coherent global governance framework."},{"key":"outer-space-treaties","label":"Outer Space Treaties and International Legal Basis","description":"Several statements emphasized that any future regime for space activities must remain grounded in the existing UN outer space treaties, especially the Outer Space Treaty. Delegations repeatedly referred to core principles such as peaceful use, non-appropriation, due regard, and compatibility with current international law."},{"key":"equitable-access","label":"Equitable Access and Benefit Sharing","description":"A recurring theme was that all countries, including developing and emerging spacefaring nations, should have fair access to outer space and to the benefits derived from space resources. Delegations called for benefit-sharing arrangements, inclusive participation, and rules that avoid monopolization or first-come, first-served outcomes."}],"words":[{"text":"Chair,","start":5387.672,"end":5388.944},{"text":"Chile","start":5389.024,"end":5389.25},{"text":"restates","start":5389.282,"end":5389.846},{"text":"that","start":5389.846,"end":5389.991},{"text":"the","start":5390.087,"end":5390.329},{"text":"exploration","start":5390.409,"end":5391.086},{"text":"of","start":5392.89,"end":5393.196},{"text":"space","start":5393.324,"end":5393.695},{"text":"resources","start":5393.695,"end":5394.242},{"text":"must","start":5394.5,"end":5394.677},{"text":"be","start":5394.677,"end":5394.822},{"text":"governed","start":5394.822,"end":5395.241},{"text":"by","start":5395.321,"end":5395.434},{"text":"the","start":5395.708,"end":5395.804},{"text":"principles","start":5395.804,"end":5396.497},{"text":"of","start":5396.755,"end":5396.819},{"text":"international","start":5396.9,"end":5397.334},{"text":"law,","start":5397.334,"end":5397.447},{"text":"in","start":5397.656,"end":5397.737},{"text":"particular","start":5397.737,"end":5398.204},{"text":"of","start":5398.284,"end":5398.397},{"text":"national","start":5398.397,"end":5398.751},{"text":"non-appropriation","start":5398.767,"end":5399.637},{"text":"as","start":5399.814,"end":5399.878},{"text":"enshrined","start":5399.975,"end":5400.49},{"text":"in","start":5400.49,"end":5400.603},{"text":"the","start":5400.812,"end":5400.973},{"text":"Space","start":5400.973,"end":5401.359},{"text":"Treaty,","start":5401.359,"end":5401.665},{"text":"and","start":5401.681,"end":5401.778},{"text":"accordingly","start":5401.778,"end":5402.374},{"text":"we","start":5402.406,"end":5402.502},{"text":"support","start":5402.502,"end":5403.05},{"text":"the","start":5403.05,"end":5403.146},{"text":"need","start":5403.146,"end":5403.388},{"text":"to","start":5403.548,"end":5403.661},{"text":"continue","start":5403.661,"end":5404.049},{"text":"discussions","start":5404.049,"end":5404.616},{"text":"here","start":5404.681,"end":5404.81},{"text":"in","start":5404.843,"end":5404.908},{"text":"COP+","start":5404.94,"end":5405.474},{"text":"in","start":5406.057,"end":5406.138},{"text":"an","start":5406.138,"end":5406.235},{"text":"inclusive,","start":5406.235,"end":5406.931},{"text":"transparent","start":5406.948,"end":5407.854},{"text":"fashion","start":5407.854,"end":5408.243},{"text":"based","start":5408.745,"end":5409.085},{"text":"on","start":5409.085,"end":5409.166},{"text":"the","start":5409.214,"end":5409.311},{"text":"common","start":5409.311,"end":5409.57},{"text":"interest","start":5409.619,"end":5410.024},{"text":"of","start":5410.024,"end":5410.089},{"text":"humankind.","start":5410.105,"end":5410.671}]},{"text":"Any future mechanism must ensure the effective participation of developing countries such as our own, ensuring equitable access to shared benefits and as well as transfer of knowledge and technologies.","start":5411.157,"end":5423.364,"topics":[{"key":"equitable-access","label":"Equitable Access and Benefit Sharing","description":"A recurring theme was that all countries, including developing and emerging spacefaring nations, should have fair access to outer space and to the benefits derived from space resources. Delegations called for benefit-sharing arrangements, inclusive participation, and rules that avoid monopolization or first-come, first-served outcomes."},{"key":"capacity-building","label":"Capacity Building and International Cooperation","description":"A number of statements emphasized fellowships, technical assistance, knowledge sharing, education, and cooperative projects as essential for broad participation in space activities. Delegations viewed international cooperation as necessary both for strengthening legal awareness and for helping developing countries build their own space capabilities."}],"words":[{"text":"Any","start":5411.157,"end":5411.303},{"text":"future","start":5411.562,"end":5411.853},{"text":"mechanism","start":5411.886,"end":5412.433},{"text":"must","start":5412.53,"end":5413.029},{"text":"ensure","start":5413.029,"end":5413.383},{"text":"the","start":5413.448,"end":5413.577},{"text":"effective","start":5413.577,"end":5413.899},{"text":"participation","start":5413.915,"end":5414.72},{"text":"of","start":5414.72,"end":5414.817},{"text":"developing","start":5414.817,"end":5415.252},{"text":"countries","start":5415.348,"end":5415.816},{"text":"such","start":5416.266,"end":5416.46},{"text":"as","start":5416.508,"end":5416.589},{"text":"our","start":5416.653,"end":5416.798},{"text":"own,","start":5416.879,"end":5416.943},{"text":"ensuring","start":5417.04,"end":5417.587},{"text":"equitable","start":5417.7,"end":5418.086},{"text":"access","start":5418.248,"end":5418.65},{"text":"to","start":5418.65,"end":5418.924},{"text":"shared","start":5418.924,"end":5419.246},{"text":"benefits","start":5419.311,"end":5419.794},{"text":"and","start":5419.939,"end":5420.132},{"text":"as","start":5420.599,"end":5420.728},{"text":"well","start":5420.76,"end":5420.97},{"text":"as","start":5420.97,"end":5421.05},{"text":"transfer","start":5421.067,"end":5421.649},{"text":"of","start":5422.28,"end":5422.426},{"text":"knowledge","start":5422.458,"end":5422.781},{"text":"and","start":5422.781,"end":5422.862},{"text":"technologies.","start":5422.862,"end":5423.364}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you.","start":5423.429,"end":5423.752,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":5423.429,"end":5423.655},{"text":"you.","start":5423.655,"end":5423.752}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"CHL","affiliation_full":"Chile","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":35,"start":5425.936,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1e/k1ev2fwlsa?t=5426","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you very much, distinguished representative of Chile.","start":5425.936,"end":5427.845,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":5425.936,"end":5426.098},{"text":"you","start":5426.098,"end":5426.146},{"text":"very","start":5426.163,"end":5426.292},{"text":"much,","start":5426.292,"end":5426.47},{"text":"distinguished","start":5426.486,"end":5426.826},{"text":"representative","start":5426.826,"end":5427.392},{"text":"of","start":5427.392,"end":5427.489},{"text":"Chile.","start":5427.489,"end":5427.845}]},{"text":"Following speaker is the distinguished representative of Malaysia.","start":5429.481,"end":5433.276,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Following","start":5429.481,"end":5429.82},{"text":"speaker","start":5429.82,"end":5430.224},{"text":"is","start":5430.611,"end":5430.676},{"text":"the","start":5430.789,"end":5430.87},{"text":"distinguished","start":5430.87,"end":5431.273},{"text":"representative","start":5431.273,"end":5431.968},{"text":"of","start":5432.63,"end":5432.727},{"text":"Malaysia.","start":5432.727,"end":5433.276}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Santiago Ripoll","affiliation":"COPUOS","affiliation_full":"COPUOS","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":36,"start":5436.3,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1e/k1ev2fwlsa?t=5437","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Mr. Chair.","start":5436.3,"end":5437.073,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":5436.3,"end":5436.412},{"text":"you,","start":5436.412,"end":5436.477},{"text":"Mr.","start":5436.493,"end":5436.67},{"text":"Chair.","start":5436.734,"end":5437.073}]},{"text":"Malaysia notes the need for legal guidance to ensure that space resource activities are carried out in accordance with international law in a safe, sustainable, responsible, transparent, and peaceful manner.","start":5437.701,"end":5448.694,"topics":[{"key":"space-environment","label":"Sustainability and Environmental Protection","description":"Many speakers linked space resource activities to the need to protect the space environment and ensure long-term sustainability. Issues raised included space debris, planetary protection, environmental impact assessment, avoiding harmful contamination, and preserving celestial bodies for future generations."},{"key":"outer-space-treaties","label":"Outer Space Treaties and International Legal Basis","description":"Several statements emphasized that any future regime for space activities must remain grounded in the existing UN outer space treaties, especially the Outer Space Treaty. Delegations repeatedly referred to core principles such as peaceful use, non-appropriation, due regard, and compatibility with current international law."}],"words":[{"text":"Malaysia","start":5437.701,"end":5438.039},{"text":"notes","start":5438.039,"end":5438.313},{"text":"the","start":5438.426,"end":5438.522},{"text":"need","start":5438.522,"end":5438.893},{"text":"for","start":5438.893,"end":5439.07},{"text":"legal","start":5439.07,"end":5439.296},{"text":"guidance","start":5439.312,"end":5439.892},{"text":"to","start":5439.908,"end":5439.956},{"text":"ensure","start":5439.972,"end":5440.294},{"text":"that","start":5440.439,"end":5440.6},{"text":"space","start":5440.6,"end":5441.003},{"text":"resource","start":5441.003,"end":5441.406},{"text":"activities","start":5441.406,"end":5442.018},{"text":"are","start":5442.211,"end":5442.292},{"text":"carried","start":5442.292,"end":5442.678},{"text":"out","start":5442.678,"end":5442.856},{"text":"in","start":5442.856,"end":5442.936},{"text":"accordance","start":5442.936,"end":5443.371},{"text":"with","start":5443.484,"end":5443.58},{"text":"international","start":5443.58,"end":5444.209},{"text":"law","start":5444.209,"end":5444.257},{"text":"in","start":5444.95,"end":5445.046},{"text":"a","start":5445.046,"end":5445.223},{"text":"safe,","start":5445.24,"end":5445.416},{"text":"sustainable,","start":5445.673,"end":5446.268},{"text":"responsible,","start":5446.557,"end":5447.071},{"text":"transparent,","start":5447.344,"end":5447.907},{"text":"and","start":5447.923,"end":5448.132},{"text":"peaceful","start":5448.132,"end":5448.341},{"text":"manner.","start":5448.341,"end":5448.694}]},{"text":"Malaysia emphasizes that a regulatory framework should be developed and implemented by before any exploration, exploitation, or utilization of space resources are conducted.","start":5449.931,"end":5459.393,"topics":[{"key":"national-space-laws","label":"National Space Laws and Oversight of Private Actors","description":"Delegations highlighted the growing importance of national legislation to authorize, supervise, and regulate space activities, particularly those undertaken by private companies. 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Speakers stressed that current discussions in the Legal Subcommittee and its Working Group should lay the foundation for a coherent global governance framework."}],"words":[{"text":"Malaysia","start":5449.931,"end":5450.317},{"text":"emphasizes","start":5450.397,"end":5451.04},{"text":"that","start":5451.04,"end":5451.152},{"text":"a","start":5451.152,"end":5451.281},{"text":"regulatory","start":5451.281,"end":5451.908},{"text":"framework","start":5452.004,"end":5452.566},{"text":"should","start":5452.566,"end":5452.824},{"text":"be","start":5452.824,"end":5452.904},{"text":"developed","start":5452.968,"end":5453.643},{"text":"and","start":5453.707,"end":5453.772},{"text":"implemented","start":5453.868,"end":5454.607},{"text":"by","start":5454.607,"end":5454.864},{"text":"before","start":5454.73,"end":5455.066},{"text":"any","start":5455.066,"end":5455.242},{"text":"exploration,","start":5455.306,"end":5455.931},{"text":"exploitation,","start":5456.204,"end":5456.813},{"text":"or","start":5456.925,"end":5457.021},{"text":"utilization","start":5457.069,"end":5457.742},{"text":"of","start":5457.742,"end":5457.806},{"text":"space","start":5457.806,"end":5458.127},{"text":"resources","start":5458.127,"end":5458.656},{"text":"are","start":5458.784,"end":5458.848},{"text":"conducted.","start":5458.848,"end":5459.393}]},{"text":"Malaysia therefore fully supports the work plan and coordination carried out by the Working Group to ensure the peaceful and sustainable use of outer space, the Moon, and other celestial bodies, including the conduct of space resource activities in accordance with international law for the benefit of all.","start":5460.354,"end":5475.305,"topics":[{"key":"space-environment","label":"Sustainability and Environmental Protection","description":"Many speakers linked space resource activities to the need to protect the space environment and ensure long-term sustainability. Issues raised included space debris, planetary protection, environmental impact assessment, avoiding harmful contamination, and preserving celestial bodies for future generations."},{"key":"lunar-activities","label":"Lunar Activities and Exploration","description":"The Moon featured prominently as states discussed lunar missions, regolith studies, exploration programs, and the Action Team on Lunar Activities Consultation. Speakers treated lunar activity as an urgent area where legal guidance, coordination, and practical norms are increasingly needed."},{"key":"outer-space-treaties","label":"Outer Space Treaties and International Legal Basis","description":"Several statements emphasized that any future regime for space activities must remain grounded in the existing UN outer space treaties, especially the Outer Space Treaty. 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Delegations called for benefit-sharing arrangements, inclusive participation, and rules that avoid monopolization or first-come, first-served outcomes."}],"words":[{"text":"Malaysia","start":5460.354,"end":5460.691},{"text":"therefore","start":5460.691,"end":5461.027},{"text":"fully","start":5461.027,"end":5461.332},{"text":"supports","start":5461.332,"end":5461.812},{"text":"the","start":5461.812,"end":5461.909},{"text":"work","start":5461.973,"end":5462.165},{"text":"plan","start":5462.213,"end":5462.501},{"text":"and","start":5462.598,"end":5462.758},{"text":"coordination","start":5462.758,"end":5463.463},{"text":"carried","start":5463.639,"end":5463.96},{"text":"out","start":5463.96,"end":5464.056},{"text":"by","start":5464.056,"end":5464.2},{"text":"the","start":5464.2,"end":5464.296},{"text":"Working","start":5464.296,"end":5464.521},{"text":"Group","start":5464.601,"end":5465.017},{"text":"to","start":5465.097,"end":5465.242},{"text":"ensure","start":5465.242,"end":5465.562},{"text":"the","start":5465.578,"end":5465.722},{"text":"peaceful","start":5465.722,"end":5466.123},{"text":"and","start":5466.123,"end":5466.171},{"text":"sustainable","start":5466.171,"end":5466.764},{"text":"use","start":5466.78,"end":5467.004},{"text":"of","start":5467.004,"end":5467.165},{"text":"outer","start":5467.165,"end":5467.325},{"text":"space,","start":5467.325,"end":5467.629},{"text":"the","start":5468.142,"end":5468.222},{"text":"Moon,","start":5468.222,"end":5468.431},{"text":"and","start":5468.527,"end":5468.623},{"text":"other","start":5468.623,"end":5468.783},{"text":"celestial","start":5468.783,"end":5469.232},{"text":"bodies,","start":5469.264,"end":5469.632},{"text":"including","start":5469.729,"end":5470.113},{"text":"the","start":5470.145,"end":5470.289},{"text":"conduct","start":5470.289,"end":5470.642},{"text":"of","start":5470.642,"end":5470.706},{"text":"space","start":5470.706,"end":5471.091},{"text":"resource","start":5471.091,"end":5471.395},{"text":"activities","start":5471.507,"end":5472.036},{"text":"in","start":5472.549,"end":5472.629},{"text":"accordance","start":5472.629,"end":5473.014},{"text":"with","start":5473.014,"end":5473.094},{"text":"international","start":5473.094,"end":5473.655},{"text":"law","start":5473.655,"end":5473.751},{"text":"for","start":5474.536,"end":5474.696},{"text":"the","start":5474.696,"end":5474.728},{"text":"benefit","start":5474.728,"end":5475.097},{"text":"of","start":5475.097,"end":5475.257},{"text":"all.","start":5475.257,"end":5475.305}]},{"text":"Malaysia shares the view that the basic principles set forth in the Outer Space Treaty should be applied to space resource activities.","start":5476.635,"end":5483.097,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-treaties","label":"Outer Space Treaties and International Legal Basis","description":"Several statements emphasized that any future regime for space activities must remain grounded in the existing UN outer space treaties, especially the Outer Space Treaty. Delegations repeatedly referred to core principles such as peaceful use, non-appropriation, due regard, and compatibility with current international law."},{"key":"space-resource-governance","label":"Space Resource Governance","description":"Many delegations focused on developing internationally agreed principles or rules for the exploration, exploitation, and utilization of space resources. Speakers stressed that current discussions in the Legal Subcommittee and its Working Group should lay the foundation for a coherent global governance framework."}],"words":[{"text":"Malaysia","start":5476.635,"end":5476.972},{"text":"shares","start":5476.972,"end":5477.244},{"text":"the","start":5477.356,"end":5477.42},{"text":"view","start":5477.42,"end":5477.741},{"text":"that","start":5477.741,"end":5477.837},{"text":"the","start":5477.837,"end":5477.917},{"text":"basic","start":5477.917,"end":5478.302},{"text":"principles","start":5478.302,"end":5478.734},{"text":"set","start":5478.734,"end":5479.039},{"text":"forth","start":5479.039,"end":5479.327},{"text":"in","start":5479.439,"end":5479.488},{"text":"the","start":5479.52,"end":5479.6},{"text":"Outer","start":5479.744,"end":5479.92},{"text":"Space","start":5479.92,"end":5480.225},{"text":"Treaty","start":5480.225,"end":5480.609},{"text":"should","start":5481.042,"end":5481.203},{"text":"be","start":5481.203,"end":5481.347},{"text":"applied","start":5481.363,"end":5481.765},{"text":"to","start":5481.765,"end":5481.845},{"text":"space","start":5481.845,"end":5482.23},{"text":"resource","start":5482.23,"end":5482.567},{"text":"activities.","start":5482.567,"end":5483.097}]},{"text":"Malaysia is also of the view that the set of preliminary principles developed by the Working Group should align with international space law and should not unduly influence for commercial purposes.","start":5484.157,"end":5495.377,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-treaties","label":"Outer Space Treaties and International Legal Basis","description":"Several statements emphasized that any future regime for space activities must remain grounded in the existing UN outer space treaties, especially the Outer Space Treaty. Delegations repeatedly referred to core principles such as peaceful use, non-appropriation, due regard, and compatibility with current international law."},{"key":"space-resource-governance","label":"Space Resource Governance","description":"Many delegations focused on developing internationally agreed principles or rules for the exploration, exploitation, and utilization of space resources. Speakers stressed that current discussions in the Legal Subcommittee and its Working Group should lay the foundation for a coherent global governance framework."}],"words":[{"text":"Malaysia","start":5484.157,"end":5484.478},{"text":"is","start":5484.478,"end":5484.542},{"text":"also","start":5484.574,"end":5484.895},{"text":"of","start":5484.895,"end":5484.959},{"text":"the","start":5484.959,"end":5485.055},{"text":"view","start":5485.055,"end":5485.376},{"text":"that","start":5485.376,"end":5485.585},{"text":"the","start":5485.698,"end":5485.778},{"text":"set","start":5485.778,"end":5486.115},{"text":"of","start":5486.163,"end":5486.227},{"text":"preliminary","start":5486.34,"end":5487.11},{"text":"principles","start":5487.206,"end":5487.752},{"text":"developed","start":5487.929,"end":5488.426},{"text":"by","start":5488.426,"end":5488.523},{"text":"the","start":5488.523,"end":5488.667},{"text":"Working","start":5488.667,"end":5488.876},{"text":"Group","start":5488.908,"end":5489.39},{"text":"should","start":5489.711,"end":5489.935},{"text":"align","start":5489.935,"end":5490.24},{"text":"with","start":5490.272,"end":5490.337},{"text":"international","start":5490.337,"end":5491.011},{"text":"space","start":5491.011,"end":5491.428},{"text":"law","start":5491.46,"end":5491.508},{"text":"and","start":5491.878,"end":5491.942},{"text":"should","start":5491.942,"end":5492.215},{"text":"not","start":5492.215,"end":5492.568},{"text":"unduly","start":5492.744,"end":5493.082},{"text":"influence","start":5493.082,"end":5493.659},{"text":"for","start":5494.269,"end":5494.35},{"text":"commercial","start":5494.366,"end":5494.928},{"text":"purposes.","start":5494.928,"end":5495.377}]},{"text":"Malaysia also recognizes that coordination among space actors should be strengthened and effectively governed by the state.","start":5496.597,"end":5503.451,"topics":[{"key":"space-traffic","label":"Space Traffic and Operational Coordination","description":"Some delegations highlighted the need to study the legal and policy aspects of space traffic coordination and management as space operations become more crowded. Related concerns included consultation, interoperability, security zones, and practical mechanisms to reduce risks and prevent conflicts."},{"key":"national-space-laws","label":"National Space Laws and Oversight of Private Actors","description":"Delegations highlighted the growing importance of national legislation to authorize, supervise, and regulate space activities, particularly those undertaken by private companies. Several countries described new or revised domestic laws as tools to implement international obligations while supporting responsible commercial development."}],"words":[{"text":"Malaysia","start":5496.597,"end":5496.854},{"text":"also","start":5496.854,"end":5497.111},{"text":"recognizes","start":5497.111,"end":5497.753},{"text":"that","start":5497.753,"end":5497.961},{"text":"coordination","start":5497.961,"end":5498.587},{"text":"among","start":5498.636,"end":5498.908},{"text":"space","start":5498.941,"end":5499.23},{"text":"actors","start":5499.406,"end":5499.711},{"text":"should","start":5499.888,"end":5500.064},{"text":"be","start":5500.064,"end":5500.177},{"text":"strengthened","start":5500.209,"end":5500.787},{"text":"and","start":5500.851,"end":5501.22},{"text":"effectively","start":5501.894,"end":5502.472},{"text":"governed","start":5502.536,"end":5502.857},{"text":"by","start":5502.857,"end":5502.954},{"text":"the","start":5502.954,"end":5503.05},{"text":"state.","start":5503.05,"end":5503.451}]},{"text":"Malaysia expresses the view that emerging spacefaring nations should be given fair opportunities to utilize space resources and welcomes international collaboration.","start":5504.382,"end":5513.585,"topics":[{"key":"equitable-access","label":"Equitable Access and Benefit Sharing","description":"A recurring theme was that all countries, including developing and emerging spacefaring nations, should have fair access to outer space and to the benefits derived from space resources. Delegations called for benefit-sharing arrangements, inclusive participation, and rules that avoid monopolization or first-come, first-served outcomes."},{"key":"capacity-building","label":"Capacity Building and International Cooperation","description":"A number of statements emphasized fellowships, technical assistance, knowledge sharing, education, and cooperative projects as essential for broad participation in space activities. Delegations viewed international cooperation as necessary both for strengthening legal awareness and for helping developing countries build their own space capabilities."}],"words":[{"text":"Malaysia","start":5504.382,"end":5504.623},{"text":"expresses","start":5504.703,"end":5505.121},{"text":"the","start":5505.185,"end":5505.233},{"text":"view","start":5505.265,"end":5505.458},{"text":"that","start":5505.522,"end":5505.747},{"text":"emerging","start":5505.747,"end":5506.084},{"text":"spacefaring","start":5506.164,"end":5506.774},{"text":"nations","start":5506.87,"end":5507.256},{"text":"should","start":5507.432,"end":5507.609},{"text":"be","start":5507.609,"end":5507.753},{"text":"given","start":5507.753,"end":5507.962},{"text":"fair","start":5508.074,"end":5508.267},{"text":"opportunities","start":5508.492,"end":5508.861},{"text":"to","start":5509.038,"end":5509.183},{"text":"utilize","start":5509.199,"end":5509.584},{"text":"space","start":5509.761,"end":5510.002},{"text":"resources","start":5510.002,"end":5510.548},{"text":"and","start":5511.223,"end":5511.287},{"text":"welcomes","start":5511.368,"end":5511.705},{"text":"international","start":5511.705,"end":5512.235},{"text":"collaboration.","start":5512.267,"end":5513.585}]},{"text":"The principles of adaptive governance should also be applied so that emerging issues can be gradually addressed based on the ever-evolving of technology and practices.","start":5514.918,"end":5523.562,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":5514.918,"end":5515.063},{"text":"principles","start":5515.063,"end":5515.529},{"text":"of","start":5515.561,"end":5515.657},{"text":"adaptive","start":5515.706,"end":5516.172},{"text":"governance","start":5516.204,"end":5516.846},{"text":"should","start":5516.846,"end":5517.023},{"text":"also","start":5517.071,"end":5517.264},{"text":"be","start":5517.328,"end":5517.393},{"text":"applied","start":5517.409,"end":5517.778},{"text":"so","start":5517.826,"end":5518.051},{"text":"that","start":5518.051,"end":5518.276},{"text":"emerging","start":5518.276,"end":5518.582},{"text":"issues","start":5518.694,"end":5519.064},{"text":"can","start":5519.337,"end":5519.497},{"text":"be","start":5519.497,"end":5519.658},{"text":"gradually","start":5519.658,"end":5520.108},{"text":"addressed","start":5520.156,"end":5520.654},{"text":"based","start":5520.863,"end":5521.168},{"text":"on","start":5521.168,"end":5521.233},{"text":"the","start":5521.265,"end":5521.393},{"text":"ever-evolving","start":5521.425,"end":5522.165},{"text":"of","start":5522.309,"end":5522.406},{"text":"technology","start":5522.406,"end":5522.92},{"text":"and","start":5523.016,"end":5523.096},{"text":"practices.","start":5523.112,"end":5523.562}]},{"text":"In light of the above, Malaysia encourages member states to voluntarily adopt the regulations developed by the working group to guarantee the preservation of our space from harmful activities.","start":5524.8,"end":5536.333,"topics":[{"key":"space-environment","label":"Sustainability and Environmental Protection","description":"Many speakers linked space resource activities to the need to protect the space environment and ensure long-term sustainability. Issues raised included space debris, planetary protection, environmental impact assessment, avoiding harmful contamination, and preserving celestial bodies for future generations."},{"key":"space-resource-governance","label":"Space Resource Governance","description":"Many delegations focused on developing internationally agreed principles or rules for the exploration, exploitation, and utilization of space resources. Speakers stressed that current discussions in the Legal Subcommittee and its Working Group should lay the foundation for a coherent global governance framework."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":5524.8,"end":5524.864},{"text":"light","start":5524.944,"end":5525.105},{"text":"of","start":5525.105,"end":5525.169},{"text":"the","start":5525.185,"end":5525.298},{"text":"above,","start":5525.298,"end":5525.587},{"text":"Malaysia","start":5525.924,"end":5526.197},{"text":"encourages","start":5526.246,"end":5526.936},{"text":"member","start":5527.515,"end":5527.852},{"text":"states","start":5527.852,"end":5528.27},{"text":"to","start":5529.041,"end":5529.154},{"text":"voluntarily","start":5529.202,"end":5529.668},{"text":"adopt","start":5529.684,"end":5530.166},{"text":"the","start":5530.166,"end":5530.359},{"text":"regulations","start":5530.407,"end":5531.033},{"text":"developed","start":5531.13,"end":5531.548},{"text":"by","start":5531.548,"end":5531.708},{"text":"the","start":5531.708,"end":5531.789},{"text":"working","start":5531.853,"end":5532.078},{"text":"group","start":5532.11,"end":5532.367},{"text":"to","start":5532.833,"end":5532.961},{"text":"guarantee","start":5532.978,"end":5533.701},{"text":"the","start":5533.797,"end":5533.958},{"text":"preservation","start":5533.958,"end":5534.488},{"text":"of","start":5534.584,"end":5534.745},{"text":"our","start":5534.745,"end":5534.89},{"text":"space","start":5534.89,"end":5535.274},{"text":"from","start":5535.306,"end":5535.435},{"text":"harmful","start":5535.467,"end":5535.804},{"text":"activities.","start":5535.804,"end":5536.333}]},{"text":"In this regard, Malaysia reaffirms the necessity of good governance to ensure the sustainability of space resources, particularly non-renewable resources and the space environment, while safeguarding the best interests of humanity.","start":5537.327,"end":5549.531,"topics":[{"key":"space-resource-governance","label":"Space Resource Governance","description":"Many delegations focused on developing internationally agreed principles or rules for the exploration, exploitation, and utilization of space resources. Speakers stressed that current discussions in the Legal Subcommittee and its Working Group should lay the foundation for a coherent global governance framework."},{"key":"space-environment","label":"Sustainability and Environmental Protection","description":"Many speakers linked space resource activities to the need to protect the space environment and ensure long-term sustainability. Issues raised included space debris, planetary protection, environmental impact assessment, avoiding harmful contamination, and preserving celestial bodies for future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":5537.327,"end":5537.375},{"text":"this","start":5537.471,"end":5537.648},{"text":"regard,","start":5537.648,"end":5538.081},{"text":"Malaysia","start":5538.53,"end":5538.931},{"text":"reaffirms","start":5538.931,"end":5539.46},{"text":"the","start":5539.476,"end":5539.524},{"text":"necessity","start":5539.524,"end":5540.101},{"text":"of","start":5540.133,"end":5540.182},{"text":"good","start":5540.294,"end":5540.47},{"text":"governance","start":5540.47,"end":5541.08},{"text":"to","start":5541.08,"end":5541.16},{"text":"ensure","start":5541.16,"end":5541.577},{"text":"the","start":5541.577,"end":5541.673},{"text":"sustainability","start":5541.673,"end":5542.523},{"text":"of","start":5542.523,"end":5542.571},{"text":"space","start":5542.603,"end":5542.876},{"text":"resources,","start":5542.924,"end":5543.389},{"text":"particularly","start":5543.966,"end":5544.559},{"text":"non-renewable","start":5544.704,"end":5545.377},{"text":"resources","start":5545.425,"end":5545.955},{"text":"and","start":5546.147,"end":5546.211},{"text":"the","start":5546.291,"end":5546.372},{"text":"space","start":5546.372,"end":5546.708},{"text":"environment,","start":5546.708,"end":5547.221},{"text":"while","start":5547.51,"end":5547.606},{"text":"safeguarding","start":5547.606,"end":5548.168},{"text":"the","start":5548.232,"end":5548.376},{"text":"best","start":5548.376,"end":5548.601},{"text":"interests","start":5548.617,"end":5548.969},{"text":"of","start":5548.969,"end":5549.082},{"text":"humanity.","start":5549.098,"end":5549.531}]},{"text":"Mr. Chair, Malaysia looks forward to contribute in the ongoing discussions and fully supports the efforts of the Working Group under this agenda item.","start":5550.381,"end":5558.976,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":5550.381,"end":5550.557},{"text":"Chair,","start":5550.621,"end":5550.894},{"text":"Malaysia","start":5551.583,"end":5551.904},{"text":"looks","start":5551.904,"end":5552.161},{"text":"forward","start":5552.161,"end":5552.465},{"text":"to","start":5552.465,"end":5552.546},{"text":"contribute","start":5552.546,"end":5553.043},{"text":"in","start":5553.043,"end":5553.091},{"text":"the","start":5553.187,"end":5553.299},{"text":"ongoing","start":5553.828,"end":5554.213},{"text":"discussions","start":5554.326,"end":5554.855},{"text":"and","start":5554.951,"end":5555.015},{"text":"fully","start":5555.031,"end":5555.256},{"text":"supports","start":5555.288,"end":5555.721},{"text":"the","start":5555.833,"end":5556.009},{"text":"efforts","start":5556.009,"end":5556.474},{"text":"of","start":5556.474,"end":5556.635},{"text":"the","start":5556.635,"end":5556.827},{"text":"Working","start":5556.875,"end":5557.18},{"text":"Group","start":5557.196,"end":5557.709},{"text":"under","start":5557.998,"end":5558.158},{"text":"this","start":5558.158,"end":5558.319},{"text":"agenda","start":5558.319,"end":5558.623},{"text":"item.","start":5558.639,"end":5558.976}]},{"text":"In order to maintain the peaceful use of outer space and foster future cooperation among member states, international organizations, and non-governmental entities.","start":5560.002,"end":5567.874,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-treaties","label":"Outer Space Treaties and International Legal Basis","description":"Several statements emphasized that any future regime for space activities must remain grounded in the existing UN outer space treaties, especially the Outer Space Treaty. Delegations repeatedly referred to core principles such as peaceful use, non-appropriation, due regard, and compatibility with current international law."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":5560.002,"end":5560.051},{"text":"order","start":5560.099,"end":5560.259},{"text":"to","start":5560.259,"end":5560.403},{"text":"maintain","start":5560.403,"end":5560.868},{"text":"the","start":5560.9,"end":5560.981},{"text":"peaceful","start":5561.061,"end":5563.242},{"text":"use","start":5561.543,"end":5561.72},{"text":"of","start":5561.93,"end":5562.091},{"text":"outer","start":5562.091,"end":5562.252},{"text":"space","start":5562.252,"end":5562.542},{"text":"and","start":5562.655,"end":5562.751},{"text":"foster","start":5562.751,"end":5563.154},{"text":"future","start":5563.154,"end":5563.476},{"text":"cooperation","start":5563.476,"end":5564.008},{"text":"among","start":5564.105,"end":5564.25},{"text":"member","start":5564.298,"end":5564.588},{"text":"states,","start":5564.588,"end":5565.087},{"text":"international","start":5565.232,"end":5565.732},{"text":"organizations,","start":5565.732,"end":5566.505},{"text":"and","start":5566.682,"end":5566.747},{"text":"non-governmental","start":5566.779,"end":5567.504},{"text":"entities.","start":5567.504,"end":5567.874}]},{"text":"With that, I thank you, Mr.","start":5568.229,"end":5569.147,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"With","start":5568.229,"end":5568.374},{"text":"that,","start":5568.374,"end":5568.616},{"text":"I","start":5568.696,"end":5568.712},{"text":"thank","start":5568.777,"end":5568.906},{"text":"you,","start":5568.938,"end":5569.002},{"text":"Mr.","start":5569.018,"end":5569.147}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"Chair.","start":5569.196,"end":5569.469,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Chair.","start":5569.196,"end":5569.469}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"MYS","affiliation_full":"Malaysia","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":37,"start":5573.51,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1e/k1ev2fwlsa?t=5574","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you very much to the distinguished representative of Malaysia for your statement.","start":5573.51,"end":5576.708,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":5573.51,"end":5573.624},{"text":"you","start":5573.624,"end":5573.656},{"text":"very","start":5573.656,"end":5573.722},{"text":"much","start":5573.722,"end":5574.032},{"text":"to","start":5574.032,"end":5574.195},{"text":"the","start":5574.195,"end":5574.276},{"text":"distinguished","start":5574.276,"end":5574.668},{"text":"representative","start":5574.668,"end":5575.239},{"text":"of","start":5575.239,"end":5575.386},{"text":"Malaysia","start":5575.402,"end":5575.843},{"text":"for","start":5575.843,"end":5576.055},{"text":"your","start":5576.055,"end":5576.153},{"text":"statement.","start":5576.153,"end":5576.708}]},{"text":"The following speaker is the distinguished representative of the Islamic Republic of Iran.","start":5579.19,"end":5583.544,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":5579.19,"end":5579.222},{"text":"following","start":5579.254,"end":5579.351},{"text":"speaker","start":5579.368,"end":5579.756},{"text":"is","start":5580.274,"end":5580.323},{"text":"the","start":5580.355,"end":5580.517},{"text":"distinguished","start":5580.517,"end":5580.922},{"text":"representative","start":5580.922,"end":5581.618},{"text":"of","start":5582.119,"end":5582.184},{"text":"the","start":5582.217,"end":5582.298},{"text":"Islamic","start":5582.298,"end":5582.767},{"text":"Republic","start":5582.767,"end":5583.188},{"text":"of","start":5583.188,"end":5583.334},{"text":"Iran.","start":5583.334,"end":5583.544}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Santiago Ripoll","affiliation":"COPUOS","affiliation_full":"COPUOS","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":38,"start":5586.418,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1e/k1ev2fwlsa?t=5587","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"In recent decades, technological advancements in the field of space Space resource exploration and extraction have brought about new perspectives, opportunities, and risks in the outer space domain.","start":5586.418,"end":5599.84,"topics":[{"key":"space-resource-governance","label":"Space Resource Governance","description":"Many delegations focused on developing internationally agreed principles or rules for the exploration, exploitation, and utilization of space resources. 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Delegations viewed international cooperation as necessary both for strengthening legal awareness and for helping developing countries build their own space capabilities."},{"key":"equitable-access","label":"Equitable Access and Benefit Sharing","description":"A recurring theme was that all countries, including developing and emerging spacefaring nations, should have fair access to outer space and to the benefits derived from space resources. 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Issues raised included space debris, planetary protection, environmental impact assessment, avoiding harmful contamination, and preserving celestial bodies for future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"Assessments,","start":5795.02,"end":5795.614},{"text":"taking","start":5796.095,"end":5796.465},{"text":"into","start":5796.497,"end":5796.609},{"text":"account","start":5796.657,"end":5797.059},{"text":"potential","start":5797.059,"end":5797.701},{"text":"impacts","start":5797.701,"end":5798.343},{"text":"on","start":5798.407,"end":5798.472},{"text":"both","start":5798.584,"end":5798.953},{"text":"extraterrestrial","start":5799.162,"end":5800.623},{"text":"and","start":5800.896,"end":5801.057},{"text":"terrestrial","start":5801.057,"end":5801.555},{"text":"ecosystems.","start":5801.555,"end":5802.245}]},{"text":"Any activity resulting in the destruction of the natural resources of celestial bodies shall entail legal liability for the responsible states and space companies.","start":5803.224,"end":5813.854,"topics":[{"key":"space-environment","label":"Sustainability and Environmental Protection","description":"Many speakers linked space resource activities to the need to protect the space environment and ensure long-term sustainability. 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Speakers stressed that current discussions in the Legal Subcommittee and its Working Group should lay the foundation for a coherent global governance framework."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":5831.725,"end":5831.918},{"text":"believe","start":5832.287,"end":5832.672},{"text":"that","start":5832.704,"end":5833.042},{"text":"opportunities","start":5833.09,"end":5833.796},{"text":"and","start":5833.828,"end":5833.957},{"text":"challenges","start":5833.973,"end":5834.438},{"text":"concerning","start":5834.471,"end":5834.968},{"text":"the","start":5835.033,"end":5835.081},{"text":"exploration,","start":5835.097,"end":5835.691},{"text":"extraction,","start":5835.819,"end":5836.285},{"text":"and","start":5836.317,"end":5836.462},{"text":"utilization","start":5836.462,"end":5837.12},{"text":"of","start":5837.12,"end":5837.216},{"text":"space","start":5837.216,"end":5837.586},{"text":"resources","start":5837.586,"end":5838.067},{"text":"require","start":5838.067,"end":5838.501},{"text":"the","start":5838.581,"end":5838.71},{"text":"international","start":5838.71,"end":5839.255},{"text":"community","start":5839.272,"end":5839.769},{"text":"to","start":5839.769,"end":5839.898},{"text":"ultimately","start":5839.994,"end":5840.54},{"text":"aim","start":5840.797,"end":5841.102},{"text":"for","start":5841.455,"end":5841.6},{"text":"the","start":5841.6,"end":5841.696},{"text":"adoption","start":5841.696,"end":5842.178},{"text":"of","start":5842.258,"end":5842.338},{"text":"a","start":5842.338,"end":5842.419},{"text":"comprehensive","start":5842.419,"end":5843.077},{"text":"and","start":5843.077,"end":5843.189},{"text":"legally","start":5843.205,"end":5843.527},{"text":"binding","start":5843.543,"end":5843.88},{"text":"international","start":5843.928,"end":5844.474},{"text":"agreement","start":5844.506,"end":5845.052},{"text":"for","start":5845.052,"end":5845.212},{"text":"the","start":5845.212,"end":5845.293},{"text":"governance","start":5845.293,"end":5845.855},{"text":"of","start":5845.855,"end":5845.919},{"text":"space","start":5845.951,"end":5846.24},{"text":"resources.","start":5846.256,"end":5846.802}]},{"text":"Such an agreement should include transparent mechanisms for reporting, information sharing, and equitable distribution of benefits arising from space resources.","start":5847.637,"end":5857.335,"topics":[{"key":"equitable-access","label":"Equitable Access and Benefit Sharing","description":"A recurring theme was that all countries, including developing and emerging spacefaring nations, should have fair access to outer space and to the benefits derived from space resources. Delegations called for benefit-sharing arrangements, inclusive participation, and rules that avoid monopolization or first-come, first-served outcomes."},{"key":"space-resource-governance","label":"Space Resource Governance","description":"Many delegations focused on developing internationally agreed principles or rules for the exploration, exploitation, and utilization of space resources. Speakers stressed that current discussions in the Legal Subcommittee and its Working Group should lay the foundation for a coherent global governance framework."}],"words":[{"text":"Such","start":5847.637,"end":5847.958},{"text":"an","start":5847.958,"end":5848.183},{"text":"agreement","start":5848.183,"end":5848.6},{"text":"should","start":5848.665,"end":5848.873},{"text":"include","start":5848.986,"end":5849.307},{"text":"transparent","start":5849.307,"end":5849.805},{"text":"mechanisms","start":5849.805,"end":5850.415},{"text":"for","start":5850.511,"end":5850.656},{"text":"reporting,","start":5850.672,"end":5851.218},{"text":"information","start":5851.475,"end":5851.908},{"text":"sharing,","start":5851.908,"end":5852.261},{"text":"and","start":5852.438,"end":5852.615},{"text":"equitable","start":5852.615,"end":5853.096},{"text":"distribution","start":5853.096,"end":5854.044},{"text":"of","start":5854.044,"end":5854.108},{"text":"benefits","start":5854.14,"end":5854.782},{"text":"arising","start":5855.649,"end":5856.115},{"text":"from","start":5856.131,"end":5856.259},{"text":"space","start":5856.372,"end":5856.789},{"text":"resources.","start":5856.789,"end":5857.335}]},{"text":"At the end, while recognizing that we have yet to reach a comprehensive and legally binding instrument on space resources, we maintain that with appropriate modifications, the principles prepared by the Vice Chair of Working Group may represent a constructive constructive step forward toward this goal.","start":5858.074,"end":5875.168,"topics":[{"key":"space-resource-governance","label":"Space Resource Governance","description":"Many delegations focused on developing internationally agreed principles or rules for the exploration, exploitation, and utilization of space resources. 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this spirit, we will continue to actively engage in the discussions of the working group and the current session of the Legal 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thank you, Mr. Chair.","start":5882.443,"end":5883.27,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":5882.443,"end":5882.476},{"text":"thank","start":5882.476,"end":5882.79},{"text":"you,","start":5882.79,"end":5882.889},{"text":"Mr.","start":5882.939,"end":5883.038},{"text":"Chair.","start":5883.121,"end":5883.27}]},{"text":"Muchas gracias.","start":5885.79,"end":5886.553,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Muchas","start":5885.79,"end":5886.033},{"text":"gracias.","start":5886.033,"end":5886.553}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"IRN","affiliation_full":"Iran (Islamic Republic of)","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":39,"start":5886.862,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1e/k1ev2fwlsa?t=5887","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you very much, distinguished representative of Iran, for your statement.","start":5886.862,"end":5890.194,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":5886.862,"end":5886.976},{"text":"you","start":5886.976,"end":5887.041},{"text":"very","start":5887.041,"end":5887.204},{"text":"much,","start":5887.204,"end":5887.415},{"text":"distinguished","start":5887.447,"end":5887.919},{"text":"representative","start":5887.919,"end":5888.634},{"text":"of","start":5888.748,"end":5888.878},{"text":"Iran,","start":5889.057,"end":5889.447},{"text":"for","start":5889.479,"end":5889.674},{"text":"your","start":5889.707,"end":5889.804},{"text":"statement.","start":5889.804,"end":5890.194}]},{"text":"The following speaker is the distinguished representative of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.","start":5892.643,"end":5897.075,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":5892.643,"end":5892.725},{"text":"following","start":5892.725,"end":5892.953},{"text":"speaker","start":5893.002,"end":5893.474},{"text":"is","start":5893.474,"end":5893.523},{"text":"the","start":5893.621,"end":5893.702},{"text":"distinguished","start":5893.702,"end":5894.061},{"text":"representative","start":5894.061,"end":5894.745},{"text":"of","start":5894.924,"end":5895.071},{"text":"the","start":5895.25,"end":5895.446},{"text":"Bolivarian","start":5895.593,"end":5896},{"text":"Republic","start":5896,"end":5896.358},{"text":"of","start":5896.407,"end":5896.489},{"text":"Venezuela.","start":5896.489,"end":5897.075}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Santiago Ripoll","affiliation":"COPUOS","affiliation_full":"COPUOS","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":40,"start":5898.925,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1e/k1ev2fwlsa?t=5899","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you very much, Chair.","start":5898.925,"end":5899.988,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":5898.925,"end":5899.102},{"text":"you","start":5899.102,"end":5899.215},{"text":"very","start":5899.231,"end":5899.344},{"text":"much,","start":5899.344,"end":5899.537},{"text":"Chair.","start":5899.65,"end":5899.988}]},{"text":"On behalf of the delegation of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, allow me to express my sincerest condolences following the passing of Ambassador Mishta.","start":5901.743,"end":5909.23,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"On","start":5901.743,"end":5901.807},{"text":"behalf","start":5901.823,"end":5902.161},{"text":"of","start":5902.161,"end":5902.242},{"text":"the","start":5902.29,"end":5902.37},{"text":"delegation","start":5902.37,"end":5902.869},{"text":"of","start":5902.869,"end":5902.95},{"text":"the","start":5902.95,"end":5903.03},{"text":"Bolivarian","start":5903.03,"end":5903.417},{"text":"Republic","start":5903.417,"end":5903.771},{"text":"of","start":5903.771,"end":5903.835},{"text":"Venezuela,","start":5903.835,"end":5904.318},{"text":"allow","start":5904.383,"end":5904.56},{"text":"me","start":5904.576,"end":5904.882},{"text":"to","start":5904.882,"end":5905.123},{"text":"express","start":5905.365,"end":5905.912},{"text":"my","start":5905.912,"end":5906.025},{"text":"sincerest","start":5906.025,"end":5906.637},{"text":"condolences","start":5906.653,"end":5907.345},{"text":"following","start":5907.522,"end":5907.812},{"text":"the","start":5907.86,"end":5908.07},{"text":"passing","start":5908.07,"end":5908.311},{"text":"of","start":5908.311,"end":5908.408},{"text":"Ambassador","start":5908.408,"end":5908.811},{"text":"Mishta.","start":5908.811,"end":5909.23}]},{"text":"We recall his efforts here in this committee with great gratitude and affection.","start":5910.76,"end":5914.966,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":5910.76,"end":5910.954},{"text":"recall","start":5911.067,"end":5911.566},{"text":"his","start":5911.566,"end":5911.776},{"text":"efforts","start":5911.969,"end":5912.372},{"text":"here","start":5912.372,"end":5912.549},{"text":"in","start":5912.549,"end":5912.63},{"text":"this","start":5912.678,"end":5912.839},{"text":"committee","start":5912.839,"end":5913.145},{"text":"with","start":5913.178,"end":5913.306},{"text":"great","start":5913.339,"end":5913.645},{"text":"gratitude","start":5913.645,"end":5914.37},{"text":"and","start":5914.37,"end":5914.467},{"text":"affection.","start":5914.467,"end":5914.966}]},{"text":"Chair, my delegation underscores that COPUOS and its subcommittees are the ideal and legitimate space under international law with the mandate to create, discuss, and establish any proposal that is geared towards regulating all activities for the exploration, exploitation, and utilization of space resources for peaceful purposes, in turn strengthening international cooperation pursuant to the provisions of the Treaty on the Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Utilization of Outer Space, including of the Moon and Other Celestial We would note that in view of the accelerated pace of technological development, we have equally seen a similar increase in the benefits derived from space activity, and therefore there is the urgent need to establish a binding legislative framework which enjoys international legitimacy and recognition on the basis of the principles of space activities such as peaceful use and access to outer space.","start":5915.65,"end":5974.517,"topics":[{"key":"space-resource-governance","label":"Space Resource Governance","description":"Many delegations focused on developing internationally agreed principles or rules for the exploration, 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Speakers stressed that current discussions in the Legal Subcommittee and its Working Group should lay the foundation for a coherent global governance framework."},{"key":"outer-space-treaties","label":"Outer Space Treaties and International Legal Basis","description":"Several statements emphasized that any future regime for space activities must remain grounded in the existing UN outer space treaties, especially the Outer Space Treaty. 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Delegations repeatedly referred to core principles such as peaceful use, non-appropriation, due regard, and compatibility with current international law."}],"words":[{"text":"Chair,","start":6043.488,"end":6043.616},{"text":"we","start":6043.745,"end":6043.905},{"text":"believe","start":6043.905,"end":6044.226},{"text":"it","start":6044.226,"end":6044.307},{"text":"is","start":6044.307,"end":6044.355},{"text":"necessary","start":6044.483,"end":6045.045},{"text":"to","start":6045.045,"end":6045.142},{"text":"study","start":6045.174,"end":6045.559},{"text":"the","start":6045.591,"end":6045.655},{"text":"United","start":6045.655,"end":6046.089},{"text":"Nations","start":6046.089,"end":6046.683},{"text":"outer","start":6047.02,"end":6047.181},{"text":"space","start":6047.181,"end":6047.518},{"text":"treaties","start":6047.518,"end":6047.968},{"text":"as","start":6048.225,"end":6048.321},{"text":"a","start":6048.321,"end":6048.401},{"text":"basis","start":6048.465,"end":6048.883},{"text":"in","start":6048.883,"end":6049.011},{"text":"order","start":6049.108,"end":6049.348},{"text":"to","start":6049.348,"end":6049.525},{"text":"then","start":6049.525,"end":6049.638},{"text":"develop","start":6049.75,"end":6050.248},{"text":"a","start":6050.312,"end":6050.36},{"text":"relevant","start":6050.408,"end":6050.97},{"text":"legal","start":6050.97,"end":6051.58},{"text":"framework","start":6051.34,"end":6051.922},{"text":"to","start":6051.922,"end":6052.084},{"text":"tackle","start":6052.084,"end":6052.375},{"text":"current","start":6052.407,"end":6052.666},{"text":"challenges.","start":6052.666,"end":6053.199}]},{"text":"We believe that states parties should equally ensure that they have domestic legislation in place that complies with these agreements and the peaceful use of outer space, and in so doing avoid promoting norms and standards that will give rise to the commercialization of outer space, given the repercussions that this can have for our planet, beneficial or not.","start":6053.879,"end":6073.65,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-treaties","label":"Outer Space Treaties and International Legal Basis","description":"Several statements emphasized that any future regime for space activities must remain grounded in the existing UN outer space treaties, especially the Outer Space Treaty. Delegations repeatedly referred to core principles such as peaceful use, non-appropriation, due regard, and compatibility with current international law."},{"key":"national-space-laws","label":"National Space Laws and Oversight of Private Actors","description":"Delegations highlighted the growing importance of national legislation to authorize, supervise, and regulate space activities, particularly those undertaken by private companies. Several countries described new or revised domestic laws as tools to implement international obligations while supporting responsible commercial development."},{"key":"space-environment","label":"Sustainability and Environmental Protection","description":"Many speakers linked space resource activities to the need to protect the space environment and ensure long-term sustainability. Issues raised included space debris, planetary protection, environmental impact assessment, avoiding harmful contamination, and preserving celestial bodies for future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":6053.879,"end":6054.024},{"text":"believe","start":6054.024,"end":6054.348},{"text":"that","start":6054.348,"end":6054.51},{"text":"states","start":6054.51,"end":6054.801},{"text":"parties","start":6054.849,"end":6055.157},{"text":"should","start":6055.157,"end":6055.383},{"text":"equally","start":6055.496,"end":6055.949},{"text":"ensure","start":6055.981,"end":6056.24},{"text":"that","start":6056.24,"end":6056.45},{"text":"they","start":6056.45,"end":6056.548},{"text":"have","start":6056.548,"end":6056.774},{"text":"domestic","start":6056.774,"end":6057.259},{"text":"legislation","start":6057.259,"end":6057.89},{"text":"in","start":6058.149,"end":6058.213},{"text":"place","start":6058.246,"end":6058.553},{"text":"that","start":6058.553,"end":6058.666},{"text":"complies","start":6058.715,"end":6059.184},{"text":"with","start":6059.216,"end":6059.313},{"text":"these","start":6059.313,"end":6059.426},{"text":"agreements","start":6059.523,"end":6059.896},{"text":"and","start":6060.025,"end":6060.122},{"text":"the","start":6060.122,"end":6060.251},{"text":"peaceful","start":6060.251,"end":6060.575},{"text":"use","start":6060.575,"end":6060.64},{"text":"of","start":6060.656,"end":6060.688},{"text":"outer","start":6060.736,"end":6060.865},{"text":"space,","start":6060.913,"end":6061.203},{"text":"and","start":6062.185,"end":6062.298},{"text":"in","start":6062.298,"end":6062.346},{"text":"so","start":6062.427,"end":6062.604},{"text":"doing","start":6062.604,"end":6062.975},{"text":"avoid","start":6063.393,"end":6063.941},{"text":"promoting","start":6063.973,"end":6064.569},{"text":"norms","start":6064.859,"end":6065.148},{"text":"and","start":6065.197,"end":6065.261},{"text":"standards","start":6065.261,"end":6065.793},{"text":"that","start":6065.825,"end":6066.066},{"text":"will","start":6066.066,"end":6066.227},{"text":"give","start":6066.227,"end":6066.405},{"text":"rise","start":6066.405,"end":6066.598},{"text":"to","start":6066.63,"end":6066.839},{"text":"the","start":6066.855,"end":6067.033},{"text":"commercialization","start":6067.033,"end":6067.886},{"text":"of","start":6067.999,"end":6068.128},{"text":"outer","start":6068.224,"end":6068.417},{"text":"space,","start":6068.417,"end":6068.804},{"text":"given","start":6068.868,"end":6069.094},{"text":"the","start":6069.271,"end":6069.4},{"text":"repercussions","start":6069.432,"end":6070.093},{"text":"that","start":6070.093,"end":6070.271},{"text":"this","start":6070.271,"end":6070.384},{"text":"can","start":6070.481,"end":6070.642},{"text":"have","start":6070.659,"end":6070.917},{"text":"for","start":6070.917,"end":6071.111},{"text":"our","start":6071.16,"end":6071.305},{"text":"planet,","start":6071.305,"end":6071.726},{"text":"beneficial","start":6072.599,"end":6073.116},{"text":"or","start":6073.229,"end":6073.278},{"text":"not.","start":6073.326,"end":6073.65}]},{"text":"As such, an updated legal legislative framework based on our current scenario, which will guarantee sustainable ways and means to support space activities, must be achieved through cooperation and consensus among international actors within the subcommittee.","start":6075.655,"end":6090.558,"topics":[{"key":"capacity-building","label":"Capacity Building and International Cooperation","description":"A number of statements emphasized fellowships, technical assistance, knowledge sharing, education, and cooperative projects as essential for broad participation in space activities. Delegations viewed international cooperation as necessary both for strengthening legal awareness and for helping developing countries build their own space capabilities."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":6075.655,"end":6075.687},{"text":"such,","start":6075.687,"end":6076.043},{"text":"an","start":6076.156,"end":6076.204},{"text":"updated","start":6076.463,"end":6077.174},{"text":"legal","start":6077.271,"end":6077.643},{"text":"legislative","start":6078.428,"end":6078.849},{"text":"framework","start":6078.849,"end":6079.48},{"text":"based","start":6079.48,"end":6079.804},{"text":"on","start":6079.804,"end":6079.853},{"text":"our","start":6079.901,"end":6080.096},{"text":"current","start":6080.112,"end":6080.614},{"text":"scenario,","start":6080.614,"end":6081.1},{"text":"which","start":6081.164,"end":6081.229},{"text":"will","start":6081.261,"end":6081.407},{"text":"guarantee","start":6081.423,"end":6082.023},{"text":"sustainable","start":6082.541,"end":6083.156},{"text":"ways","start":6083.205,"end":6083.415},{"text":"and","start":6083.512,"end":6083.609},{"text":"means","start":6083.609,"end":6083.949},{"text":"to","start":6084.079,"end":6084.192},{"text":"support","start":6084.192,"end":6084.678},{"text":"space","start":6084.678,"end":6084.872},{"text":"activities,","start":6084.986,"end":6085.439},{"text":"must","start":6085.536,"end":6085.779},{"text":"be","start":6085.779,"end":6085.86},{"text":"achieved","start":6085.876,"end":6086.362},{"text":"through","start":6086.362,"end":6086.605},{"text":"cooperation","start":6086.605,"end":6087.14},{"text":"and","start":6087.32,"end":6087.435},{"text":"consensus","start":6087.501,"end":6088.126},{"text":"among","start":6088.389,"end":6088.619},{"text":"international","start":6088.668,"end":6089.227},{"text":"actors","start":6089.227,"end":6089.523},{"text":"within","start":6089.556,"end":6089.802},{"text":"the","start":6089.802,"end":6089.95},{"text":"subcommittee.","start":6089.95,"end":6090.558}]},{"text":"Thank you very much, Chair.","start":6090.608,"end":6091.364,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":6090.608,"end":6090.788},{"text":"you","start":6090.788,"end":6090.838},{"text":"very","start":6090.871,"end":6091.018},{"text":"much,","start":6091.018,"end":6091.166},{"text":"Chair.","start":6091.199,"end":6091.364}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"VEN","affiliation_full":"Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":41,"start":6094.498,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1e/k1ev2fwlsa?t=6095","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of Venezuela for her statement.","start":6094.498,"end":6097.888,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":6094.498,"end":6094.514},{"text":"thank","start":6094.563,"end":6094.968},{"text":"the","start":6095.114,"end":6095.277},{"text":"distinguished","start":6095.293,"end":6095.698},{"text":"representative","start":6095.698,"end":6096.347},{"text":"of","start":6096.347,"end":6096.412},{"text":"Venezuela","start":6096.412,"end":6097.012},{"text":"for","start":6097.012,"end":6097.223},{"text":"her","start":6097.223,"end":6097.32},{"text":"statement.","start":6097.32,"end":6097.888}]},{"text":"The following speaker on my list is the distinguished representative of Colombia.","start":6099.7,"end":6103.214,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":6099.7,"end":6099.732},{"text":"following","start":6099.732,"end":6100.025},{"text":"speaker","start":6100.041,"end":6100.383},{"text":"on","start":6100.383,"end":6100.416},{"text":"my","start":6100.416,"end":6100.692},{"text":"list","start":6100.692,"end":6101.099},{"text":"is","start":6101.099,"end":6101.164},{"text":"the","start":6101.197,"end":6101.294},{"text":"distinguished","start":6101.294,"end":6101.75},{"text":"representative","start":6101.75,"end":6102.385},{"text":"of","start":6102.564,"end":6102.71},{"text":"Colombia.","start":6102.742,"end":6103.214}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Santiago Ripoll","affiliation":"COPUOS","affiliation_full":"COPUOS","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":42,"start":6107.259,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1e/k1ev2fwlsa?t=6108","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Chair, colleagues, good day.","start":6107.259,"end":6109.201,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Chair,","start":6107.259,"end":6107.435},{"text":"colleagues,","start":6107.596,"end":6107.965},{"text":"good","start":6108.72,"end":6108.945},{"text":"day.","start":6108.945,"end":6109.201}]},{"text":"Regarding potential legal models for activities in the exploration, exploitation, and utilization of space resources, Colombia wishes to refer to the following 2 points.","start":6110.63,"end":6123.587,"topics":[{"key":"space-resource-governance","label":"Space Resource Governance","description":"Many delegations focused on developing internationally agreed principles or rules for the exploration, exploitation, and utilization of space resources. Speakers stressed that current discussions in the Legal Subcommittee and its Working Group should lay the foundation for a coherent global governance framework."}],"words":[{"text":"Regarding","start":6110.63,"end":6111.096},{"text":"potential","start":6111.69,"end":6112.252},{"text":"legal","start":6112.252,"end":6112.509},{"text":"models","start":6112.509,"end":6113.023},{"text":"for","start":6113.055,"end":6113.279},{"text":"activities","start":6113.279,"end":6113.906},{"text":"in","start":6113.938,"end":6113.986},{"text":"the","start":6114.018,"end":6114.162},{"text":"exploration,","start":6114.178,"end":6114.901},{"text":"exploitation,","start":6114.981,"end":6115.752},{"text":"and","start":6116.089,"end":6116.314},{"text":"utilization","start":6116.506,"end":6117.357},{"text":"of","start":6117.39,"end":6117.534},{"text":"space","start":6117.534,"end":6118.064},{"text":"resources,","start":6118.176,"end":6118.802},{"text":"Colombia","start":6119.621,"end":6120.215},{"text":"wishes","start":6120.263,"end":6120.488},{"text":"to","start":6120.52,"end":6120.649},{"text":"refer","start":6120.665,"end":6121.082},{"text":"to","start":6121.082,"end":6121.307},{"text":"the","start":6121.323,"end":6121.516},{"text":"following","start":6121.58,"end":6122.013},{"text":"2","start":6122.912,"end":6123.185},{"text":"points.","start":6123.25,"end":6123.587}]},{"text":"On the one hand, we would note that any legal model that addresses the exploration, exploitation, and utilization of space resources must be developed in compliance with the principles of non-appropriation and equitable access to outer space.","start":6124.935,"end":6141.727,"topics":[{"key":"space-resource-governance","label":"Space Resource Governance","description":"Many delegations focused on developing internationally agreed principles or rules for the exploration, exploitation, and utilization of space resources. Speakers stressed that current discussions in the Legal Subcommittee and its Working Group should lay the foundation for a coherent global governance framework."},{"key":"outer-space-treaties","label":"Outer Space Treaties and International Legal Basis","description":"Several statements emphasized that any future regime for space activities must remain grounded in the existing UN outer space treaties, especially the Outer Space Treaty. Delegations repeatedly referred to core principles such as peaceful use, non-appropriation, due regard, and compatibility with current international law."},{"key":"equitable-access","label":"Equitable Access and Benefit Sharing","description":"A recurring theme was that all countries, including developing and emerging spacefaring nations, should have fair access to outer space and to the benefits derived from space resources. Delegations called for benefit-sharing arrangements, inclusive participation, and rules that avoid monopolization or first-come, first-served outcomes."}],"words":[{"text":"On","start":6124.935,"end":6124.984},{"text":"the","start":6125.016,"end":6125.08},{"text":"one","start":6125.096,"end":6125.224},{"text":"hand,","start":6125.256,"end":6125.626},{"text":"we","start":6126.204,"end":6126.3},{"text":"would","start":6126.3,"end":6126.525},{"text":"note","start":6126.525,"end":6126.846},{"text":"that","start":6127.167,"end":6127.424},{"text":"any","start":6127.488,"end":6127.681},{"text":"legal","start":6127.97,"end":6128.307},{"text":"model","start":6128.307,"end":6128.805},{"text":"that","start":6128.869,"end":6128.981},{"text":"addresses","start":6129.045,"end":6129.64},{"text":"the","start":6129.736,"end":6129.93},{"text":"exploration,","start":6129.994,"end":6130.671},{"text":"exploitation,","start":6130.8,"end":6131.573},{"text":"and","start":6131.67,"end":6131.767},{"text":"utilization","start":6131.767,"end":6132.54},{"text":"of","start":6132.798,"end":6132.895},{"text":"space","start":6132.895,"end":6133.298},{"text":"resources","start":6133.298,"end":6133.991},{"text":"must","start":6134.99,"end":6135.183},{"text":"be","start":6135.232,"end":6135.312},{"text":"developed","start":6135.312,"end":6135.941},{"text":"in","start":6135.957,"end":6136.118},{"text":"compliance","start":6136.118,"end":6136.763},{"text":"with","start":6136.763,"end":6136.924},{"text":"the","start":6136.924,"end":6137.085},{"text":"principles","start":6137.085,"end":6137.713},{"text":"of","start":6137.713,"end":6137.939},{"text":"non-appropriation","start":6138.16,"end":6139.137},{"text":"and","start":6139.723,"end":6139.87},{"text":"equitable","start":6139.968,"end":6140.457},{"text":"access","start":6140.457,"end":6140.962},{"text":"to","start":6140.962,"end":6141.108},{"text":"outer","start":6141.19,"end":6141.369},{"text":"space.","start":6141.369,"end":6141.727}]},{"text":"Furthermore, the greatest transparency must be upheld, as well as the inclusion of the largest number of states possible for the sake of equality and representation.","start":6144.22,"end":6155.516,"topics":[{"key":"equitable-access","label":"Equitable Access and Benefit Sharing","description":"A recurring theme was that all countries, including developing and emerging spacefaring nations, should have fair access to outer space and to the benefits derived from space resources. Delegations called for benefit-sharing arrangements, inclusive participation, and rules that avoid monopolization or first-come, first-served outcomes."},{"key":"capacity-building","label":"Capacity Building and International Cooperation","description":"A number of statements emphasized fellowships, technical assistance, knowledge sharing, education, and cooperative projects as essential for broad participation in space activities. Delegations viewed international cooperation as necessary both for strengthening legal awareness and for helping developing countries build their own space capabilities."}],"words":[{"text":"Furthermore,","start":6144.22,"end":6144.671},{"text":"the","start":6145.382,"end":6145.527},{"text":"greatest","start":6145.527,"end":6146.011},{"text":"transparency","start":6146.011,"end":6146.963},{"text":"must","start":6147.819,"end":6148.044},{"text":"be","start":6148.109,"end":6148.206},{"text":"upheld,","start":6148.287,"end":6148.706},{"text":"as","start":6148.771,"end":6148.868},{"text":"well","start":6148.932,"end":6149.11},{"text":"as","start":6149.11,"end":6149.223},{"text":"the","start":6149.255,"end":6149.4},{"text":"inclusion","start":6149.4,"end":6149.836},{"text":"of","start":6149.884,"end":6149.949},{"text":"the","start":6149.981,"end":6150.207},{"text":"largest","start":6150.207,"end":6150.707},{"text":"number","start":6150.772,"end":6151.079},{"text":"of","start":6151.095,"end":6151.159},{"text":"states","start":6151.175,"end":6151.579},{"text":"possible","start":6151.579,"end":6152.176},{"text":"for","start":6153.209,"end":6153.387},{"text":"the","start":6153.451,"end":6153.5},{"text":"sake","start":6153.5,"end":6153.869},{"text":"of","start":6154.205,"end":6154.306},{"text":"equality","start":6154.306,"end":6154.844},{"text":"and","start":6155.028,"end":6155.112},{"text":"representation.","start":6155.129,"end":6155.516}]},{"text":"Secondly, we underscore the need to consider and analyze the manner in which states in their national jurisdiction have adopted legislation on the exploitation of space resources.","start":6159.184,"end":6172.833,"topics":[{"key":"national-space-laws","label":"National Space Laws and Oversight of Private Actors","description":"Delegations highlighted the growing importance of national legislation to authorize, supervise, and regulate space activities, particularly those undertaken by private companies. 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Speakers stressed that current discussions in the Legal Subcommittee and its Working Group should lay the foundation for a coherent global governance framework."}],"words":[{"text":"Secondly,","start":6159.184,"end":6159.603},{"text":"we","start":6160.199,"end":6160.344},{"text":"underscore","start":6160.344,"end":6160.714},{"text":"the","start":6160.778,"end":6160.859},{"text":"need","start":6160.859,"end":6161.229},{"text":"to","start":6161.229,"end":6161.406},{"text":"consider","start":6161.406,"end":6162.051},{"text":"and","start":6162.357,"end":6162.663},{"text":"analyze","start":6162.759,"end":6163.226},{"text":"the","start":6163.323,"end":6163.355},{"text":"manner","start":6163.355,"end":6163.742},{"text":"in","start":6163.742,"end":6163.871},{"text":"which","start":6163.903,"end":6164.112},{"text":"states","start":6164.805,"end":6165.465},{"text":"in","start":6165.578,"end":6165.626},{"text":"their","start":6165.674,"end":6165.835},{"text":"national","start":6165.9,"end":6166.27},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":6166.335,"end":6167.076},{"text":"have","start":6167.591,"end":6167.865},{"text":"adopted","start":6167.865,"end":6168.332},{"text":"legislation","start":6168.332,"end":6169.115},{"text":"on","start":6170.028,"end":6170.093},{"text":"the","start":6170.305,"end":6170.501},{"text":"exploitation","start":6170.517,"end":6171.284},{"text":"of","start":6171.284,"end":6171.398},{"text":"space","start":6171.414,"end":6171.74},{"text":"resources.","start":6171.74,"end":6172.833}]},{"text":"To that end, we need recommendations, guidelines, or principles.","start":6175.579,"end":6181.709,"topics":[{"key":"space-resource-governance","label":"Space Resource Governance","description":"Many delegations focused on developing internationally agreed principles or rules for the exploration, exploitation, and utilization of space resources. Speakers stressed that current discussions in the Legal Subcommittee and its Working Group should lay the foundation for a coherent global governance framework."}],"words":[{"text":"To","start":6175.579,"end":6175.725},{"text":"that","start":6175.725,"end":6176.032},{"text":"end,","start":6176.032,"end":6176.388},{"text":"we","start":6178.313,"end":6178.474},{"text":"need","start":6178.474,"end":6178.96},{"text":"recommendations,","start":6179.024,"end":6179.979},{"text":"guidelines,","start":6180.092,"end":6180.706},{"text":"or","start":6180.82,"end":6180.981},{"text":"principles.","start":6180.981,"end":6181.709}]},{"text":"That will serve to guide the formulation of national legislation in a harmonious manner in respect with the principles and objectives of international space law.","start":6182.917,"end":6193.064,"topics":[{"key":"national-space-laws","label":"National Space Laws and Oversight of Private Actors","description":"Delegations highlighted the growing importance of national legislation to authorize, supervise, and regulate space activities, particularly those undertaken by private companies. Several countries described new or revised domestic laws as tools to implement international obligations while supporting responsible commercial development."},{"key":"outer-space-treaties","label":"Outer Space Treaties and International Legal Basis","description":"Several statements emphasized that any future regime for space activities must remain grounded in the existing UN outer space treaties, especially the Outer Space Treaty. Delegations repeatedly referred to core principles such as peaceful use, non-appropriation, due regard, and compatibility with current international law."}],"words":[{"text":"That","start":6182.917,"end":6183.223},{"text":"will","start":6183.223,"end":6183.319},{"text":"serve","start":6183.319,"end":6183.609},{"text":"to","start":6183.641,"end":6183.77},{"text":"guide","start":6183.802,"end":6184.285},{"text":"the","start":6184.35,"end":6184.479},{"text":"formulation","start":6185.171,"end":6185.734},{"text":"of","start":6185.734,"end":6185.96},{"text":"national","start":6185.96,"end":6186.459},{"text":"legislation","start":6186.459,"end":6187.232},{"text":"in","start":6187.409,"end":6187.554},{"text":"a","start":6187.666,"end":6187.779},{"text":"harmonious","start":6187.811,"end":6188.568},{"text":"manner","start":6188.568,"end":6188.971},{"text":"in","start":6189.099,"end":6189.148},{"text":"respect","start":6189.196,"end":6189.76},{"text":"with","start":6190.243,"end":6190.404},{"text":"the","start":6190.404,"end":6190.484},{"text":"principles","start":6190.484,"end":6191.048},{"text":"and","start":6191.048,"end":6191.128},{"text":"objectives","start":6191.128,"end":6191.74},{"text":"of","start":6191.76,"end":6191.877},{"text":"international","start":6191.927,"end":6192.496},{"text":"space","start":6192.529,"end":6192.93},{"text":"law.","start":6192.93,"end":6193.064}]},{"text":"Chair, given the increase in commercial activity in space, we here must recall that states are responsible for establishing legislative frameworks to ensure compliance with these treaties.","start":6196.698,"end":6208.133,"topics":[{"key":"national-space-laws","label":"National Space Laws and Oversight of Private Actors","description":"Delegations highlighted the growing importance of national legislation to authorize, supervise, and regulate space activities, particularly those undertaken by private companies. Several countries described new or revised domestic laws as tools to implement international obligations while supporting responsible commercial development."},{"key":"outer-space-treaties","label":"Outer Space Treaties and International Legal Basis","description":"Several statements emphasized that any future regime for space activities must remain grounded in the existing UN outer space treaties, especially the Outer Space Treaty. Delegations repeatedly referred to core principles such as peaceful use, non-appropriation, due regard, and compatibility with current international law."}],"words":[{"text":"Chair,","start":6196.698,"end":6196.811},{"text":"given","start":6197.277,"end":6197.534},{"text":"the","start":6197.582,"end":6197.727},{"text":"increase","start":6197.743,"end":6198.225},{"text":"in","start":6198.225,"end":6198.369},{"text":"commercial","start":6198.562,"end":6198.964},{"text":"activity","start":6198.964,"end":6199.414},{"text":"in","start":6199.607,"end":6199.655},{"text":"space,","start":6199.751,"end":6200.362},{"text":"we","start":6200.491,"end":6200.651},{"text":"here","start":6200.796,"end":6200.924},{"text":"must","start":6200.973,"end":6201.166},{"text":"recall","start":6201.214,"end":6201.567},{"text":"that","start":6201.696,"end":6202.001},{"text":"states","start":6202.001,"end":6202.532},{"text":"are","start":6202.564,"end":6202.612},{"text":"responsible","start":6202.724,"end":6203.367},{"text":"for","start":6203.367,"end":6203.544},{"text":"establishing","start":6203.544,"end":6204.155},{"text":"legislative","start":6204.267,"end":6204.813},{"text":"frameworks","start":6204.813,"end":6205.313},{"text":"to","start":6205.313,"end":6205.43},{"text":"ensure","start":6205.548,"end":6206.017},{"text":"compliance","start":6206.655,"end":6207.392},{"text":"with","start":6207.392,"end":6209.455},{"text":"these","start":6207.506,"end":6207.65},{"text":"treaties.","start":6207.683,"end":6208.133}]},{"text":"And this includes, inter alia, verifying that such activities uphold the principle of the peaceful use of space and preventing practices that could affect the sustainability of the space environment or international safety and security or sovereignty of states.","start":6210.9,"end":6230.052,"topics":[{"key":"space-environment","label":"Sustainability and Environmental Protection","description":"Many speakers linked space resource activities to the need to protect the space environment and ensure long-term sustainability. Issues raised included space debris, planetary protection, environmental impact assessment, avoiding harmful contamination, and preserving celestial bodies for future generations."},{"key":"outer-space-treaties","label":"Outer Space Treaties and International Legal Basis","description":"Several statements emphasized that any future regime for space activities must remain grounded in the existing UN outer space treaties, especially the Outer Space Treaty. Delegations repeatedly referred to core principles such as peaceful use, non-appropriation, due regard, and compatibility with current international law."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":6210.9,"end":6210.964},{"text":"this","start":6211.044,"end":6211.173},{"text":"includes,","start":6211.237,"end":6211.672},{"text":"inter","start":6211.704,"end":6211.993},{"text":"alia,","start":6212.09,"end":6212.508},{"text":"verifying","start":6213.055,"end":6213.682},{"text":"that","start":6213.779,"end":6213.94},{"text":"such","start":6213.94,"end":6214.197},{"text":"activities","start":6214.197,"end":6214.889},{"text":"uphold","start":6216.772,"end":6217.352},{"text":"the","start":6217.561,"end":6217.658},{"text":"principle","start":6217.658,"end":6218.141},{"text":"of","start":6218.141,"end":6218.237},{"text":"the","start":6218.237,"end":6218.463},{"text":"peaceful","start":6218.543,"end":6218.929},{"text":"use","start":6218.946,"end":6219.187},{"text":"of","start":6219.187,"end":6219.267},{"text":"space","start":6219.267,"end":6219.638},{"text":"and","start":6220.7,"end":6221.103},{"text":"preventing","start":6221.119,"end":6221.65},{"text":"practices","start":6221.682,"end":6222.294},{"text":"that","start":6222.97,"end":6223.083},{"text":"could","start":6223.115,"end":6223.276},{"text":"affect","start":6223.276,"end":6223.598},{"text":"the","start":6223.598,"end":6223.679},{"text":"sustainability","start":6223.679,"end":6224.548},{"text":"of","start":6224.645,"end":6224.79},{"text":"the","start":6224.79,"end":6224.822},{"text":"space","start":6224.822,"end":6225.097},{"text":"environment","start":6225.227,"end":6225.923},{"text":"or","start":6226.36,"end":6226.457},{"text":"international","start":6226.506,"end":6227.089},{"text":"safety","start":6227.089,"end":6227.494},{"text":"and","start":6227.494,"end":6227.575},{"text":"security","start":6227.575,"end":6228.19},{"text":"or","start":6228.87,"end":6228.967},{"text":"sovereignty","start":6228.967,"end":6229.582},{"text":"of","start":6229.582,"end":6229.615},{"text":"states.","start":6229.615,"end":6230.052}]},{"text":"And therefore, Colombia urges for an open and multilateral dialogue on potential legal models governing the use of space resources based on the principles of international cooperation, non-appropriation, shared benefit, and sustainability.","start":6231.768,"end":6251.342,"topics":[{"key":"space-resource-governance","label":"Space Resource Governance","description":"Many delegations focused on developing internationally agreed principles or rules for the exploration, exploitation, and utilization of space resources. Speakers stressed that current discussions in the Legal Subcommittee and its Working Group should lay the foundation for a coherent global governance framework."},{"key":"equitable-access","label":"Equitable Access and Benefit Sharing","description":"A recurring theme was that all countries, including developing and emerging spacefaring nations, should have fair access to outer space and to the benefits derived from space resources. Delegations called for benefit-sharing arrangements, inclusive participation, and rules that avoid monopolization or first-come, first-served outcomes."},{"key":"space-environment","label":"Sustainability and Environmental Protection","description":"Many speakers linked space resource activities to the need to protect the space environment and ensure long-term sustainability. Issues raised included space debris, planetary protection, environmental impact assessment, avoiding harmful contamination, and preserving celestial bodies for future generations."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":6231.768,"end":6231.849},{"text":"therefore,","start":6231.849,"end":6232.222},{"text":"Colombia","start":6232.368,"end":6232.902},{"text":"urges","start":6232.918,"end":6233.452},{"text":"for","start":6233.32,"end":6233.464},{"text":"an","start":6233.577,"end":6233.641},{"text":"open","start":6233.819,"end":6234.14},{"text":"and","start":6234.14,"end":6234.301},{"text":"multilateral","start":6234.301,"end":6234.977},{"text":"dialogue","start":6235.026,"end":6235.541},{"text":"on","start":6236.474,"end":6236.619},{"text":"potential","start":6236.732,"end":6237.295},{"text":"legal","start":6237.295,"end":6237.617},{"text":"models","start":6237.617,"end":6237.988},{"text":"governing","start":6239.935,"end":6240.241},{"text":"the","start":6240.579,"end":6240.772},{"text":"use","start":6240.998,"end":6241.191},{"text":"of","start":6241.384,"end":6241.529},{"text":"space","start":6241.642,"end":6241.915},{"text":"resources","start":6242.028,"end":6242.656},{"text":"based","start":6242.768,"end":6243.106},{"text":"on","start":6243.106,"end":6243.187},{"text":"the","start":6243.3,"end":6243.333},{"text":"principles","start":6243.333,"end":6243.804},{"text":"of","start":6243.837,"end":6243.921},{"text":"international","start":6243.921,"end":6244.56},{"text":"cooperation,","start":6244.576,"end":6245.316},{"text":"non-appropriation,","start":6247.88,"end":6248.749},{"text":"shared","start":6249.586,"end":6250.005},{"text":"benefit,","start":6250.005,"end":6250.408},{"text":"and","start":6250.472,"end":6250.553},{"text":"sustainability.","start":6250.553,"end":6251.342}]},{"text":"These models must provide legal certainty.","start":6252.566,"end":6255.722,"topics":[{"key":"space-resource-governance","label":"Space Resource Governance","description":"Many delegations focused on developing internationally agreed principles or rules for the exploration, exploitation, and utilization of space resources. Speakers stressed that current discussions in the Legal Subcommittee and its Working Group should lay the foundation for a coherent global governance framework."}],"words":[{"text":"These","start":6252.566,"end":6252.791},{"text":"models","start":6252.823,"end":6253.274},{"text":"must","start":6254.095,"end":6254.337},{"text":"provide","start":6254.337,"end":6254.836},{"text":"legal","start":6254.836,"end":6255.174},{"text":"certainty.","start":6255.174,"end":6255.722}]},{"text":"They must promote equity among states.","start":6256.366,"end":6258.352,"topics":[{"key":"equitable-access","label":"Equitable Access and Benefit Sharing","description":"A recurring theme was that all countries, including developing and emerging spacefaring nations, should have fair access to outer space and to the benefits derived from space resources. Delegations called for benefit-sharing arrangements, inclusive participation, and rules that avoid monopolization or first-come, first-served outcomes."}],"words":[{"text":"They","start":6256.366,"end":6256.463},{"text":"must","start":6256.463,"end":6256.769},{"text":"promote","start":6256.769,"end":6257.341},{"text":"equity","start":6257.341,"end":6257.742},{"text":"among","start":6257.777,"end":6257.917},{"text":"states.","start":6258.021,"end":6258.352}]},{"text":"And must facilitate the development of new space capacity without jeopardizing the stability of the orbital environment or of the current legal regime.","start":6259.109,"end":6269.676,"topics":[{"key":"capacity-building","label":"Capacity Building and International Cooperation","description":"A number of statements emphasized fellowships, technical assistance, knowledge sharing, education, and cooperative projects as essential for broad participation in space activities. Delegations viewed international cooperation as necessary both for strengthening legal awareness and for helping developing countries build their own space capabilities."},{"key":"space-environment","label":"Sustainability and Environmental Protection","description":"Many speakers linked space resource activities to the need to protect the space environment and ensure long-term sustainability. Issues raised included space debris, planetary protection, environmental impact assessment, avoiding harmful contamination, and preserving celestial bodies for future generations."},{"key":"outer-space-treaties","label":"Outer Space Treaties and International Legal Basis","description":"Several statements emphasized that any future regime for space activities must remain grounded in the existing UN outer space treaties, especially the Outer Space Treaty. Delegations repeatedly referred to core principles such as peaceful use, non-appropriation, due regard, and compatibility with current international law."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":6259.109,"end":6259.173},{"text":"must","start":6259.287,"end":6259.594},{"text":"facilitate","start":6259.594,"end":6260.177},{"text":"the","start":6260.177,"end":6260.258},{"text":"development","start":6260.258,"end":6260.76},{"text":"of","start":6260.76,"end":6260.97},{"text":"new","start":6260.97,"end":6261.246},{"text":"space","start":6261.327,"end":6261.796},{"text":"capacity","start":6261.796,"end":6262.411},{"text":"without","start":6263.577,"end":6263.982},{"text":"jeopardizing","start":6263.982,"end":6264.678},{"text":"the","start":6265.342,"end":6265.439},{"text":"stability","start":6265.439,"end":6266.054},{"text":"of","start":6266.232,"end":6266.297},{"text":"the","start":6266.346,"end":6266.475},{"text":"orbital","start":6266.491,"end":6266.88},{"text":"environment","start":6266.88,"end":6267.861},{"text":"or","start":6267.861,"end":6267.911},{"text":"of","start":6268.356,"end":6268.472},{"text":"the","start":6268.472,"end":6268.62},{"text":"current","start":6268.62,"end":6269.049},{"text":"legal","start":6269.049,"end":6269.346},{"text":"regime.","start":6269.346,"end":6269.676}]},{"text":"We must consider a flexible but clear and well-defined regulatory framework for the development of commercial activities in outer space and on celestial bodies.","start":6272.75,"end":6283.017,"topics":[{"key":"space-resource-governance","label":"Space Resource Governance","description":"Many delegations focused on developing internationally agreed principles or rules for the exploration, exploitation, and utilization of space resources. Speakers stressed that current discussions in the Legal Subcommittee and its Working Group should lay the foundation for a coherent global governance framework."},{"key":"lunar-activities","label":"Lunar Activities and Exploration","description":"The Moon featured prominently as states discussed lunar missions, regolith studies, exploration programs, and the Action Team on Lunar Activities Consultation. Speakers treated lunar activity as an urgent area where legal guidance, coordination, and practical norms are increasingly needed."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":6272.75,"end":6272.798},{"text":"must","start":6272.814,"end":6273.104},{"text":"consider","start":6273.249,"end":6273.78},{"text":"a","start":6273.893,"end":6274.022},{"text":"flexible","start":6274.231,"end":6274.923},{"text":"but","start":6275.197,"end":6275.423},{"text":"clear","start":6275.423,"end":6275.696},{"text":"and","start":6275.841,"end":6275.906},{"text":"well-defined","start":6276.002,"end":6276.936},{"text":"regulatory","start":6276.953,"end":6277.613},{"text":"framework","start":6277.613,"end":6278.241},{"text":"for","start":6278.257,"end":6278.772},{"text":"the","start":6278.804,"end":6278.901},{"text":"development","start":6278.901,"end":6279.416},{"text":"of","start":6279.465,"end":6279.545},{"text":"commercial","start":6279.545,"end":6279.883},{"text":"activities","start":6279.883,"end":6280.415},{"text":"in","start":6280.415,"end":6280.463},{"text":"outer","start":6280.576,"end":6280.753},{"text":"space","start":6280.753,"end":6281.107},{"text":"and","start":6281.381,"end":6281.735},{"text":"on","start":6282.025,"end":6282.073},{"text":"celestial","start":6282.106,"end":6282.629},{"text":"bodies.","start":6282.629,"end":6283.017}]},{"text":"In order to facilitate the sustainable and transparent utilization and use of such resources, moreover, we deem it necessary to develop international norms and standards that would penalize the perpetrators of bad practices, be they public or private actors.","start":6285.245,"end":6305.607,"topics":[{"key":"space-resource-governance","label":"Space Resource Governance","description":"Many delegations focused on developing internationally agreed principles or rules for the exploration, exploitation, and utilization of space resources. 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Delegations called for benefit-sharing arrangements, inclusive participation, and rules that avoid monopolization or first-come, first-served outcomes."}],"words":[{"text":"That","start":6316.91,"end":6316.958},{"text":"would","start":6316.958,"end":6317.167},{"text":"mean","start":6317.167,"end":6317.424},{"text":"extending","start":6317.488,"end":6318.276},{"text":"the","start":6318.308,"end":6318.533},{"text":"benefits","start":6318.533,"end":6319.047},{"text":"of","start":6319.095,"end":6319.192},{"text":"commercial","start":6319.192,"end":6319.867},{"text":"activities","start":6319.899,"end":6320.606},{"text":"in","start":6320.879,"end":6320.928},{"text":"order","start":6321.104,"end":6321.362},{"text":"to","start":6321.362,"end":6321.49},{"text":"improve","start":6321.587,"end":6322.214},{"text":"the","start":6322.792,"end":6322.985},{"text":"living","start":6323.033,"end":6323.258},{"text":"conditions","start":6323.29,"end":6323.821},{"text":"of","start":6323.917,"end":6324.062},{"text":"all","start":6324.158,"end":6324.367},{"text":"inhabitants","start":6324.496,"end":6325.171},{"text":"of","start":6325.685,"end":6325.733},{"text":"the","start":6325.75,"end":6325.848},{"text":"world,","start":6325.864,"end":6326.192},{"text":"leaving","start":6327.652,"end":6327.865},{"text":"no","start":6327.996,"end":6328.144},{"text":"one","start":6328.16,"end":6328.275},{"text":"behind.","start":6328.324,"end":6328.8}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Chair.","start":6328.898,"end":6329.325,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":6328.898,"end":6329.062},{"text":"you,","start":6329.062,"end":6329.128},{"text":"Chair.","start":6329.144,"end":6329.325}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"COL","affiliation_full":"Colombia","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":43,"start":6334.533,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1e/k1ev2fwlsa?t=6335","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of Colombia.","start":6334.533,"end":6336.733,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":6334.533,"end":6334.583},{"text":"thank","start":6334.633,"end":6334.816},{"text":"the","start":6334.816,"end":6334.95},{"text":"distinguished","start":6334.95,"end":6335.283},{"text":"representative","start":6335.283,"end":6336.016},{"text":"of","start":6336.116,"end":6336.266},{"text":"Colombia.","start":6336.3,"end":6336.733}]},{"text":"Thank you very much, Mr. President, for his statement.","start":6337.007,"end":6339.434,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":6337.007,"end":6337.266},{"text":"you","start":6337.266,"end":6337.476},{"text":"very","start":6337.573,"end":6337.767},{"text":"much,","start":6337.767,"end":6338.059},{"text":"Mr.","start":6338.075,"end":6338.301},{"text":"President,","start":6338.382,"end":6339.03},{"text":"for","start":6339.046,"end":6339.111},{"text":"his","start":6339.111,"end":6339.175},{"text":"statement.","start":6339.24,"end":6339.434}]},{"text":"The following speaker is the distinguished representative of Mexico.","start":6340.567,"end":6342.995,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":6340.567,"end":6340.729},{"text":"following","start":6340.729,"end":6340.956},{"text":"speaker","start":6340.988,"end":6341.295},{"text":"is","start":6341.295,"end":6341.344},{"text":"the","start":6341.393,"end":6341.49},{"text":"distinguished","start":6341.49,"end":6341.878},{"text":"representative","start":6341.878,"end":6342.461},{"text":"of","start":6342.461,"end":6342.574},{"text":"Mexico.","start":6342.59,"end":6342.995}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":null,"affiliation_full":null,"group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":44,"start":6348.81,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1e/k1ev2fwlsa?t=6349","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you very much, Chair.","start":6348.81,"end":6349.687,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":6348.81,"end":6348.928},{"text":"you","start":6348.928,"end":6348.995},{"text":"very","start":6348.995,"end":6349.113},{"text":"much,","start":6349.113,"end":6349.282},{"text":"Chair.","start":6349.417,"end":6349.687}]},{"text":"Chair, distinguished delegates, Mexico restates its commitment to the development of an international legal framework to guarantee the sustainable exploration and utilization of The growing participation of state and private actors in the exploration and potential exploitation of the Moon and other celestial bodies underscores the need to further strengthen existing space law principles and to progress towards international coordination mechanisms that will ensure effective application.","start":6352.082,"end":6385.755,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-treaties","label":"Outer Space Treaties and International Legal Basis","description":"Several statements emphasized that any future regime for space activities must remain grounded in the existing UN outer space treaties, especially the Outer Space Treaty. 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Several countries described new or revised domestic laws as tools to implement international obligations while supporting responsible commercial development."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":6441.939,"end":6442.084},{"text":"existence","start":6442.084,"end":6442.665},{"text":"of","start":6442.729,"end":6442.826},{"text":"appropriate","start":6442.826,"end":6443.455},{"text":"regulatory","start":6443.455,"end":6443.922},{"text":"frameworks","start":6444.019,"end":6444.486},{"text":"will","start":6444.906,"end":6445.019},{"text":"facilitate","start":6445.083,"end":6445.889},{"text":"private","start":6445.889,"end":6446.228},{"text":"sector","start":6446.228,"end":6446.599},{"text":"investment","start":6446.599,"end":6447.308},{"text":"based","start":6448.13,"end":6448.388},{"text":"on","start":6448.388,"end":6448.437},{"text":"the","start":6448.469,"end":6448.549},{"text":"principles","start":6448.549,"end":6449.13},{"text":"of","start":6449.13,"end":6449.194},{"text":"responsibility","start":6449.194,"end":6449.984},{"text":"and","start":6449.984,"end":6450.081},{"text":"transparency","start":6450.13,"end":6450.775},{"text":"in","start":6450.888,"end":6451.017},{"text":"keeping","start":6451.05,"end":6451.421},{"text":"with","start":6451.453,"end":6451.566},{"text":"international","start":6451.615,"end":6452.26},{"text":"law","start":6452.26,"end":6452.341},{"text":"and","start":6453.051,"end":6453.31},{"text":"national","start":6453.31,"end":6453.665},{"text":"policies.","start":6453.697,"end":6454.246}]},{"text":"Mexico underscores that states are under the obligation of establishing continuous mechanisms for authorization and supervision of space activities carried out by private entities so as to ensure that these are carried out in respect for international law.","start":6455.75,"end":6471.401,"topics":[{"key":"national-space-laws","label":"National Space Laws and Oversight of Private Actors","description":"Delegations highlighted the growing importance of national legislation to authorize, supervise, and regulate space activities, particularly those undertaken by private companies. Several countries described new or revised domestic laws as tools to implement international obligations while supporting responsible commercial development."},{"key":"outer-space-treaties","label":"Outer Space Treaties and International Legal Basis","description":"Several statements emphasized that any future regime for space activities must remain grounded in the existing UN outer space treaties, especially the Outer Space Treaty. Delegations repeatedly referred to core principles such as peaceful use, non-appropriation, due regard, and compatibility with current international law."}],"words":[{"text":"Mexico","start":6455.75,"end":6456.154},{"text":"underscores","start":6456.17,"end":6456.8},{"text":"that","start":6456.913,"end":6457.237},{"text":"states","start":6457.237,"end":6457.625},{"text":"are","start":6457.625,"end":6457.722},{"text":"under","start":6457.722,"end":6457.883},{"text":"the","start":6457.883,"end":6458.045},{"text":"obligation","start":6458.045,"end":6458.595},{"text":"of","start":6458.595,"end":6458.675},{"text":"establishing","start":6458.675,"end":6459.306},{"text":"continuous","start":6460.146,"end":6460.825},{"text":"mechanisms","start":6460.939,"end":6461.456},{"text":"for","start":6461.488,"end":6461.601},{"text":"authorization","start":6461.666,"end":6462.442},{"text":"and","start":6462.49,"end":6462.604},{"text":"supervision","start":6462.636,"end":6463.25},{"text":"of","start":6463.444,"end":6463.509},{"text":"space","start":6463.557,"end":6463.945},{"text":"activities","start":6463.945,"end":6464.56},{"text":"carried","start":6464.98,"end":6465.384},{"text":"out","start":6465.384,"end":6467.308},{"text":"by","start":6465.95,"end":6466.112},{"text":"private","start":6466.112,"end":6466.599},{"text":"entities","start":6466.599,"end":6467.07},{"text":"so","start":6467.605,"end":6467.8},{"text":"as","start":6467.848,"end":6467.962},{"text":"to","start":6467.994,"end":6468.156},{"text":"ensure","start":6468.156,"end":6468.432},{"text":"that","start":6468.481,"end":6468.627},{"text":"these","start":6468.627,"end":6468.773},{"text":"are","start":6468.805,"end":6468.87},{"text":"carried","start":6468.87,"end":6469.276},{"text":"out","start":6469.276,"end":6469.519},{"text":"in","start":6469.779,"end":6469.908},{"text":"respect","start":6469.925,"end":6470.346},{"text":"for","start":6470.346,"end":6470.622},{"text":"international","start":6470.671,"end":6471.32},{"text":"law.","start":6471.32,"end":6471.401}]},{"text":"Mexico equally highlights the need to establish multilateral mechanisms to promote cooperation in the utilization of space resources, guaranteeing that the exploitation thereof does not give rise to an adverse impact on the space environment nor on the safety of space operations.","start":6473.758,"end":6491.149,"topics":[{"key":"space-resource-governance","label":"Space Resource Governance","description":"Many delegations focused on developing internationally agreed principles or rules for the exploration, exploitation, and utilization of space resources. Speakers stressed that current discussions in the Legal Subcommittee and its Working Group should lay the foundation for a coherent global governance framework."},{"key":"space-environment","label":"Sustainability and Environmental Protection","description":"Many speakers linked space resource activities to the need to protect the space environment and ensure long-term sustainability. Issues raised included space debris, planetary protection, environmental impact assessment, avoiding harmful contamination, and preserving celestial bodies for future generations."},{"key":"space-traffic","label":"Space Traffic and Operational Coordination","description":"Some delegations highlighted the need to study the legal and policy aspects of space traffic coordination and management as space operations become more crowded. Related concerns included consultation, interoperability, security zones, and practical mechanisms to reduce risks and prevent conflicts."}],"words":[{"text":"Mexico","start":6473.758,"end":6474.288},{"text":"equally","start":6474.305,"end":6474.642},{"text":"highlights","start":6474.69,"end":6475.189},{"text":"the","start":6475.189,"end":6475.269},{"text":"need","start":6475.269,"end":6475.526},{"text":"to","start":6475.574,"end":6475.655},{"text":"establish","start":6475.687,"end":6476.265},{"text":"multilateral","start":6476.41,"end":6477.117},{"text":"mechanisms","start":6477.117,"end":6477.808},{"text":"to","start":6478.403,"end":6478.612},{"text":"promote","start":6478.628,"end":6479.11},{"text":"cooperation","start":6479.11,"end":6479.785},{"text":"in","start":6479.914,"end":6480.01},{"text":"the","start":6480.01,"end":6480.155},{"text":"utilization","start":6480.155,"end":6480.894},{"text":"of","start":6480.894,"end":6480.959},{"text":"space","start":6480.975,"end":6481.248},{"text":"resources,","start":6481.377,"end":6481.987},{"text":"guaranteeing","start":6482.93,"end":6483.413},{"text":"that","start":6483.526,"end":6483.864},{"text":"the","start":6483.929,"end":6484.074},{"text":"exploitation","start":6484.09,"end":6484.767},{"text":"thereof","start":6484.799,"end":6485.105},{"text":"does","start":6485.137,"end":6485.266},{"text":"not","start":6485.363,"end":6485.492},{"text":"give","start":6485.54,"end":6485.75},{"text":"rise","start":6485.766,"end":6485.992},{"text":"to","start":6486.088,"end":6486.233},{"text":"an","start":6486.25,"end":6486.314},{"text":"adverse","start":6486.411,"end":6486.83},{"text":"impact","start":6486.91,"end":6487.458},{"text":"on","start":6487.716,"end":6487.764},{"text":"the","start":6487.797,"end":6487.877},{"text":"space","start":6487.877,"end":6488.151},{"text":"environment","start":6488.264,"end":6488.893},{"text":"nor","start":6489.247,"end":6489.473},{"text":"on","start":6489.473,"end":6489.537},{"text":"the","start":6489.57,"end":6489.65},{"text":"safety","start":6489.65,"end":6490.263},{"text":"of","start":6490.295,"end":6490.391},{"text":"space","start":6490.391,"end":6490.843},{"text":"operations.","start":6490.843,"end":6491.149}]},{"text":"Or of celestial bodies.","start":6491.925,"end":6493.452,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Or","start":6491.925,"end":6491.974},{"text":"of","start":6492.169,"end":6492.396},{"text":"celestial","start":6492.51,"end":6493.144},{"text":"bodies.","start":6493.144,"end":6493.452}]},{"text":"Space debris mitigation, system interoperability, and the definition of security zones are key aspects requiring effective coordination among states and other actors involved.","start":6495.369,"end":6507.199,"topics":[{"key":"space-environment","label":"Sustainability and Environmental Protection","description":"Many speakers linked space resource activities to the need to protect the space environment and ensure long-term sustainability. 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Related concerns included consultation, interoperability, security zones, and practical mechanisms to reduce risks and prevent conflicts."}],"words":[{"text":"Space","start":6495.369,"end":6495.677},{"text":"debris","start":6495.677,"end":6495.986},{"text":"mitigation,","start":6495.986,"end":6496.538},{"text":"system","start":6497.16,"end":6497.417},{"text":"interoperability,","start":6497.417,"end":6498.448},{"text":"and","start":6498.948,"end":6499.093},{"text":"the","start":6499.189,"end":6499.238},{"text":"definition","start":6499.286,"end":6499.946},{"text":"of","start":6500.156,"end":6500.269},{"text":"security","start":6500.269,"end":6500.8},{"text":"zones","start":6500.8,"end":6501.187},{"text":"are","start":6501.364,"end":6501.509},{"text":"key","start":6501.525,"end":6501.767},{"text":"aspects","start":6501.847,"end":6502.411},{"text":"requiring","start":6502.427,"end":6502.943},{"text":"effective","start":6502.991,"end":6503.555},{"text":"coordination","start":6503.555,"end":6504.248},{"text":"among","start":6504.264,"end":6504.489},{"text":"states","start":6504.521,"end":6504.989},{"text":"and","start":6505.488,"end":6505.697},{"text":"other","start":6505.794,"end":6506.116},{"text":"actors","start":6506.2,"end":6506.511},{"text":"involved.","start":6506.609,"end":6507.199}]},{"text":"As a country that is committed to the peaceful exploration of space, Mexico has promoted initiatives initiatives that contribute to building capacity in space.","start":6510.113,"end":6519.718,"topics":[{"key":"capacity-building","label":"Capacity Building and International Cooperation","description":"A number of statements emphasized fellowships, technical assistance, knowledge sharing, education, and cooperative projects as essential for broad participation in space activities. Delegations viewed international cooperation as necessary both for strengthening legal awareness and for helping developing countries build their own space capabilities."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":6510.113,"end":6510.226},{"text":"a","start":6510.275,"end":6510.291},{"text":"country","start":6510.291,"end":6510.614},{"text":"that","start":6510.614,"end":6510.775},{"text":"is","start":6510.775,"end":6510.824},{"text":"committed","start":6510.872,"end":6511.389},{"text":"to","start":6511.486,"end":6511.664},{"text":"the","start":6511.664,"end":6511.922},{"text":"peaceful","start":6511.97,"end":6512.455},{"text":"exploration","start":6512.455,"end":6513.133},{"text":"of","start":6513.133,"end":6513.214},{"text":"space,","start":6513.214,"end":6513.715},{"text":"Mexico","start":6514.248,"end":6514.635},{"text":"has","start":6514.635,"end":6514.861},{"text":"promoted","start":6514.958,"end":6515.992},{"text":"initiatives","start":6516.121,"end":6516.686},{"text":"initiatives","start":6516.82,"end":6516.981},{"text":"that","start":6517.077,"end":6517.158},{"text":"contribute","start":6517.158,"end":6517.753},{"text":"to","start":6518.124,"end":6518.188},{"text":"building","start":6518.285,"end":6518.574},{"text":"capacity","start":6518.607,"end":6519.154},{"text":"in","start":6519.267,"end":6519.347},{"text":"space.","start":6519.363,"end":6519.718}]},{"text":"And here, the first Mexican moon exploration mission known as Colmena was developed by the National Autonomous University of Mexico.","start":6521.585,"end":6531.032,"topics":[{"key":"lunar-activities","label":"Lunar Activities and Exploration","description":"The Moon featured prominently as states discussed lunar missions, regolith studies, exploration programs, and the Action Team on Lunar Activities Consultation. Speakers treated lunar activity as an urgent area where legal guidance, coordination, and practical norms are increasingly needed."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":6521.585,"end":6521.682},{"text":"here,","start":6521.682,"end":6522.262},{"text":"the","start":6522.97,"end":6523.195},{"text":"first","start":6523.195,"end":6523.662},{"text":"Mexican","start":6523.856,"end":6524.596},{"text":"moon","start":6524.918,"end":6525.176},{"text":"exploration","start":6525.289,"end":6525.997},{"text":"mission","start":6526.029,"end":6526.4},{"text":"known","start":6526.496,"end":6526.642},{"text":"as","start":6526.738,"end":6526.803},{"text":"Colmena","start":6526.9,"end":6527.578},{"text":"was","start":6528.207,"end":6528.353},{"text":"developed","start":6528.385,"end":6528.918},{"text":"by","start":6528.918,"end":6529.095},{"text":"the","start":6529.095,"end":6529.176},{"text":"National","start":6529.176,"end":6529.499},{"text":"Autonomous","start":6529.499,"end":6529.967},{"text":"University","start":6529.967,"end":6530.451},{"text":"of","start":6530.451,"end":6530.548},{"text":"Mexico.","start":6530.548,"end":6531.032}]},{"text":"This is an example of technological innovation and sustainability in lunar exploration with the potential of creating new opportunities for international cooperation in this area.","start":6531.517,"end":6542.035,"topics":[{"key":"lunar-activities","label":"Lunar Activities and Exploration","description":"The Moon featured prominently as states discussed lunar missions, regolith studies, exploration programs, and the Action Team on Lunar Activities Consultation. Speakers treated lunar activity as an urgent area where legal guidance, coordination, and practical norms are increasingly needed."},{"key":"space-environment","label":"Sustainability and Environmental Protection","description":"Many speakers linked space resource activities to the need to protect the space environment and ensure long-term sustainability. Issues raised included space debris, planetary protection, environmental impact assessment, avoiding harmful contamination, and preserving celestial bodies for future generations."},{"key":"capacity-building","label":"Capacity Building and International Cooperation","description":"A number of statements emphasized fellowships, technical assistance, knowledge sharing, education, and cooperative projects as essential for broad participation in space activities. Delegations viewed international cooperation as necessary both for strengthening legal awareness and for helping developing countries build their own space capabilities."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":6531.517,"end":6531.646},{"text":"is","start":6531.823,"end":6531.888},{"text":"an","start":6531.985,"end":6532.066},{"text":"example","start":6532.066,"end":6532.647},{"text":"of","start":6532.647,"end":6532.776},{"text":"technological","start":6532.808,"end":6533.599},{"text":"innovation","start":6533.615,"end":6534.067},{"text":"and","start":6534.164,"end":6534.261},{"text":"sustainability","start":6534.261,"end":6535.117},{"text":"in","start":6535.294,"end":6535.343},{"text":"lunar","start":6535.699,"end":6535.943},{"text":"exploration","start":6535.959,"end":6536.658},{"text":"with","start":6536.999,"end":6537.161},{"text":"the","start":6537.161,"end":6537.243},{"text":"potential","start":6537.243,"end":6537.957},{"text":"of","start":6538.217,"end":6538.266},{"text":"creating","start":6538.315,"end":6538.77},{"text":"new","start":6538.883,"end":6539.046},{"text":"opportunities","start":6539.046,"end":6539.744},{"text":"for","start":6539.842,"end":6539.955},{"text":"international","start":6539.955,"end":6540.67},{"text":"cooperation","start":6540.67,"end":6541.401},{"text":"in","start":6541.401,"end":6541.45},{"text":"this","start":6541.482,"end":6541.612},{"text":"area.","start":6541.71,"end":6542.035}]},{"text":"Finally, Mexico reaffirms its readiness to participate actively in debates on the governance of space resources by promoting dialogue, essential dialogue fora such as the Working Group on the Legal Aspects for Space Resource Activities here in this subcommittee, as well as in the Action Team on Lunar Activity Consultation, ATLAC, as it is known in English.","start":6543.58,"end":6570.972,"topics":[{"key":"space-resource-governance","label":"Space Resource Governance","description":"Many delegations focused on developing internationally agreed principles or rules for the exploration, exploitation, and utilization of space resources. Speakers stressed that current discussions in the Legal Subcommittee and its Working Group should lay the foundation for a coherent global governance framework."},{"key":"lunar-activities","label":"Lunar Activities and Exploration","description":"The Moon featured prominently as states discussed lunar missions, regolith studies, exploration programs, and the Action Team on Lunar Activities Consultation. Speakers treated lunar activity as an urgent area where legal guidance, coordination, and practical norms are increasingly needed."}],"words":[{"text":"Finally,","start":6543.58,"end":6544.062},{"text":"Mexico","start":6544.9,"end":6545.382},{"text":"reaffirms","start":6545.382,"end":6545.914},{"text":"its","start":6545.962,"end":6546.107},{"text":"readiness","start":6546.107,"end":6546.622},{"text":"to","start":6546.654,"end":6546.912},{"text":"participate","start":6546.912,"end":6547.524},{"text":"actively","start":6547.62,"end":6548.087},{"text":"in","start":6548.522,"end":6548.618},{"text":"debates","start":6548.618,"end":6549.101},{"text":"on","start":6549.713,"end":6549.842},{"text":"the","start":6549.954,"end":6550.051},{"text":"governance","start":6550.051,"end":6550.55},{"text":"of","start":6550.55,"end":6550.598},{"text":"space","start":6550.614,"end":6550.888},{"text":"resources","start":6551.017,"end":6551.548},{"text":"by","start":6552.225,"end":6552.386},{"text":"promoting","start":6552.386,"end":6552.999},{"text":"dialogue,","start":6554.885,"end":6555.465},{"text":"essential","start":6555.545,"end":6556.158},{"text":"dialogue","start":6556.158,"end":6556.626},{"text":"fora","start":6556.642,"end":6557.012},{"text":"such","start":6557.399,"end":6557.577},{"text":"as","start":6557.706,"end":6557.754},{"text":"the","start":6557.786,"end":6557.931},{"text":"Working","start":6557.947,"end":6558.254},{"text":"Group","start":6558.334,"end":6558.576},{"text":"on","start":6558.979,"end":6559.027},{"text":"the","start":6559.156,"end":6559.301},{"text":"Legal","start":6559.64,"end":6559.882},{"text":"Aspects","start":6561.76,"end":6562.669},{"text":"for","start":6562.669,"end":6562.815},{"text":"Space","start":6562.848,"end":6563.124},{"text":"Resource","start":6563.237,"end":6563.66},{"text":"Activities","start":6563.66,"end":6564.114},{"text":"here","start":6564.212,"end":6564.342},{"text":"in","start":6564.39,"end":6564.472},{"text":"this","start":6564.472,"end":6564.585},{"text":"subcommittee,","start":6564.634,"end":6565.137},{"text":"as","start":6565.284,"end":6565.332},{"text":"well","start":6565.446,"end":6565.625},{"text":"as","start":6565.625,"end":6565.738},{"text":"in","start":6565.917,"end":6566.112},{"text":"the","start":6566.177,"end":6566.372},{"text":"Action","start":6566.567,"end":6566.875},{"text":"Team","start":6566.908,"end":6567.119},{"text":"on","start":6567.151,"end":6567.314},{"text":"Lunar","start":6567.314,"end":6567.541},{"text":"Activity","start":6567.557,"end":6568.012},{"text":"Consultation,","start":6568.65,"end":6568.893},{"text":"ATLAC,","start":6568.909,"end":6569.348},{"text":"as","start":6569.884,"end":6569.949},{"text":"it","start":6569.998,"end":6570.128},{"text":"is","start":6570.128,"end":6570.193},{"text":"known","start":6570.225,"end":6570.436},{"text":"in","start":6570.631,"end":6570.712},{"text":"English.","start":6570.712,"end":6570.972}]},{"text":"We believe that these forum— fora serve to promote dialogue and international cooperation with the aim of guaranteeing equitable and sustainable access to outer space for the benefit of all of humankind.","start":6573.52,"end":6585.973,"topics":[{"key":"equitable-access","label":"Equitable Access and Benefit Sharing","description":"A recurring theme was that all countries, including developing and emerging spacefaring nations, should have fair access to outer space and to the benefits derived from space resources. Delegations called for benefit-sharing arrangements, inclusive participation, and rules that avoid monopolization or first-come, first-served outcomes."},{"key":"capacity-building","label":"Capacity Building and International Cooperation","description":"A number of statements emphasized fellowships, technical assistance, knowledge sharing, education, and cooperative projects as essential for broad participation in space activities. 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you very much, Chair.","start":6586.382,"end":6587.134,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":6586.382,"end":6586.496},{"text":"you","start":6586.496,"end":6586.561},{"text":"very","start":6586.561,"end":6586.66},{"text":"much,","start":6586.66,"end":6586.856},{"text":"Chair.","start":6586.954,"end":6587.134}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"MEX","affiliation_full":"Mexico","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":45,"start":6590.764,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1e/k1ev2fwlsa?t=6591","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you very much to the distinguished representative of Mexico for your 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Austria.","start":6595.08,"end":6598.35,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":6595.08,"end":6595.162},{"text":"following","start":6595.162,"end":6595.505},{"text":"speaker","start":6595.505,"end":6595.832},{"text":"on","start":6595.832,"end":6595.979},{"text":"my","start":6595.979,"end":6596.077},{"text":"list","start":6596.077,"end":6596.404},{"text":"is","start":6596.404,"end":6596.453},{"text":"the","start":6596.568,"end":6596.715},{"text":"distinguished","start":6596.715,"end":6597.124},{"text":"representative","start":6597.124,"end":6597.696},{"text":"of","start":6597.696,"end":6597.794},{"text":"Austria.","start":6597.794,"end":6598.35}]},{"text":"Thank you, Mr.","start":6600.27,"end":6600.606,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":6600.27,"end":6600.376},{"text":"you,","start":6600.393,"end":6600.429},{"text":"Mr.","start":6600.482,"end":6600.606}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":null,"affiliation_full":null,"group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":46,"start":6600.659,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1e/k1ev2fwlsa?t=6601","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Chair.","start":6600.659,"end":6601.03,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Chair.","start":6600.659,"end":6601.03}]},{"text":"Let me start by reiterating our condolences on the passing of the former chairman of the Working Group on Legal Aspects of Space Resources, Ambassador André 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will be truly missed.","start":6614.666,"end":6616.295,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"He","start":6614.666,"end":6614.763},{"text":"will","start":6614.828,"end":6615.053},{"text":"be","start":6615.07,"end":6615.263},{"text":"truly","start":6615.408,"end":6615.811},{"text":"missed.","start":6615.811,"end":6616.295}]},{"text":"We would like to thank the Vice Chair of the Working Group, Professor Stephen Freeland, for his continued availability to the group following this tragic loss.","start":6618.456,"end":6626.881,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":6618.456,"end":6618.537},{"text":"would","start":6618.537,"end":6618.698},{"text":"like","start":6618.698,"end":6618.875},{"text":"to","start":6618.875,"end":6618.988},{"text":"thank","start":6619.021,"end":6619.585},{"text":"the","start":6619.585,"end":6619.649},{"text":"Vice","start":6619.812,"end":6620.023},{"text":"Chair","start":6620.201,"end":6620.477},{"text":"of","start":6620.542,"end":6620.639},{"text":"the","start":6620.639,"end":6620.768},{"text":"Working","start":6620.768,"end":6621.012},{"text":"Group,","start":6621.093,"end":6621.336},{"text":"Professor","start":6621.417,"end":6621.757},{"text":"Stephen","start":6621.757,"end":6622.13},{"text":"Freeland,","start":6622.228,"end":6622.86},{"text":"for","start":6622.892,"end":6623.022},{"text":"his","start":6623.038,"end":6623.184},{"text":"continued","start":6623.217,"end":6624.043},{"text":"availability","start":6624.125,"end":6624.805},{"text":"to","start":6624.838,"end":6625},{"text":"the","start":6625,"end":6625.146},{"text":"group","start":6625.146,"end":6625.47},{"text":"following","start":6625.47,"end":6625.924},{"text":"this","start":6626.054,"end":6626.216},{"text":"tragic","start":6626.216,"end":6626.556},{"text":"loss.","start":6626.605,"end":6626.881}]},{"text":"Austria greatly appreciates his commitment to ensure that work can continue in line with the multi-year work plan.","start":6628.333,"end":6635.326,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Austria","start":6628.333,"end":6628.736},{"text":"greatly","start":6628.736,"end":6629.205},{"text":"appreciates","start":6629.237,"end":6629.915},{"text":"his","start":6630.255,"end":6630.4},{"text":"commitment","start":6630.497,"end":6631.24},{"text":"to","start":6631.337,"end":6631.434},{"text":"ensure","start":6631.482,"end":6631.886},{"text":"that","start":6631.886,"end":6632.128},{"text":"work","start":6632.128,"end":6632.451},{"text":"can","start":6632.451,"end":6632.661},{"text":"continue","start":6632.677,"end":6633.194},{"text":"in","start":6633.259,"end":6633.307},{"text":"line","start":6633.421,"end":6633.711},{"text":"with","start":6633.905,"end":6634.067},{"text":"the","start":6634.067,"end":6634.147},{"text":"multi-year","start":6634.147,"end":6634.761},{"text":"work","start":6634.777,"end":6635.036},{"text":"plan.","start":6635.036,"end":6635.326}]},{"text":"We would like to express our support for Professor Freeland to become Chair of the Working Group.","start":6636.28,"end":6643.026,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":6636.28,"end":6636.393},{"text":"would","start":6636.393,"end":6636.538},{"text":"like","start":6636.538,"end":6636.797},{"text":"to","start":6636.797,"end":6636.943},{"text":"express","start":6636.943,"end":6637.525},{"text":"our","start":6637.622,"end":6637.687},{"text":"support","start":6637.703,"end":6638.431},{"text":"for","start":6639.127,"end":6639.613},{"text":"Professor","start":6639.613,"end":6640.033},{"text":"Freeland","start":6640.033,"end":6640.729},{"text":"to","start":6641.085,"end":6641.166},{"text":"become","start":6641.166,"end":6641.506},{"text":"Chair","start":6641.635,"end":6641.991},{"text":"of","start":6642.056,"end":6642.185},{"text":"the","start":6642.217,"end":6642.266},{"text":"Working","start":6642.298,"end":6642.59},{"text":"Group.","start":6642.687,"end":6643.026}]},{"text":"Austria regards the timely presentation of an 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Speakers treated lunar activity as an urgent area where legal guidance, coordination, and practical norms are increasingly needed."}],"words":[{"text":"Chair,","start":6707.667,"end":6708.007},{"text":"as","start":6708.961,"end":6709.026},{"text":"mentioned","start":6709.123,"end":6709.479},{"text":"in","start":6709.479,"end":6709.592},{"text":"previous","start":6709.689,"end":6710.061},{"text":"statements,","start":6710.11,"end":6710.919},{"text":"Austria","start":6711.55,"end":6711.873},{"text":"became","start":6711.873,"end":6712.197},{"text":"the","start":6712.294,"end":6712.374},{"text":"50th","start":6712.374,"end":6712.908},{"text":"signatory","start":6713.022,"end":6713.474},{"text":"to","start":6713.588,"end":6713.669},{"text":"the","start":6713.669,"end":6713.766},{"text":"Artemis","start":6713.895,"end":6714.251},{"text":"Accords","start":6714.251,"end":6714.607},{"text":"in","start":6714.639,"end":6714.688},{"text":"December","start":6714.72,"end":6715.124},{"text":"last","start":6715.124,"end":6715.448},{"text":"year.","start":6715.513,"end":6715.69}]},{"text":"This political process, which is fully complementary to the work of COPUOS, also deals with space resource activities on the Moon and other celestial bodies.","start":6716.58,"end":6725.238,"topics":[{"key":"lunar-activities","label":"Lunar Activities and Exploration","description":"The Moon featured prominently as states discussed lunar missions, regolith studies, exploration programs, and the Action Team on Lunar Activities Consultation. 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Speakers stressed that current discussions in the Legal Subcommittee and its Working Group should lay the foundation for a coherent global governance framework."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":6716.58,"end":6716.71},{"text":"political","start":6716.726,"end":6717.131},{"text":"process,","start":6717.147,"end":6717.666},{"text":"which","start":6717.795,"end":6717.925},{"text":"is","start":6717.974,"end":6718.087},{"text":"fully","start":6718.184,"end":6718.411},{"text":"complementary","start":6718.444,"end":6719.141},{"text":"to","start":6719.335,"end":6719.432},{"text":"the","start":6719.432,"end":6719.562},{"text":"work","start":6719.562,"end":6719.757},{"text":"of","start":6719.757,"end":6719.87},{"text":"COPUOS,","start":6719.902,"end":6720.356},{"text":"also","start":6721.264,"end":6721.523},{"text":"deals","start":6721.588,"end":6721.896},{"text":"with","start":6722.074,"end":6722.22},{"text":"space","start":6722.236,"end":6722.69},{"text":"resource","start":6722.723,"end":6724.813},{"text":"activities","start":6723.07,"end":6723.391},{"text":"on","start":6723.503,"end":6723.551},{"text":"the","start":6723.584,"end":6723.664},{"text":"Moon","start":6723.664,"end":6723.953},{"text":"and","start":6724.066,"end":6724.13},{"text":"other","start":6724.29,"end":6724.403},{"text":"celestial","start":6724.403,"end":6724.869},{"text":"bodies.","start":6724.869,"end":6725.238}]},{"text":"Austria wishes to emphasize that our participation in the activities under this framework are in full compliance with our international legal obligations, in particular with all 5 United Nations treaties on outer space.","start":6726.475,"end":6739.376,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-treaties","label":"Outer Space Treaties and International Legal Basis","description":"Several statements emphasized that any future regime for space activities must remain grounded in the existing UN outer space treaties, especially the Outer Space Treaty. Delegations repeatedly referred to core principles such as peaceful use, non-appropriation, due regard, and compatibility with current international law."}],"words":[{"text":"Austria","start":6726.475,"end":6726.877},{"text":"wishes","start":6726.877,"end":6727.134},{"text":"to","start":6727.182,"end":6727.263},{"text":"emphasize","start":6727.279,"end":6727.809},{"text":"that","start":6728.146,"end":6728.307},{"text":"our","start":6728.307,"end":6728.468},{"text":"participation","start":6728.468,"end":6729.319},{"text":"in","start":6729.592,"end":6729.689},{"text":"the","start":6729.689,"end":6729.785},{"text":"activities","start":6729.785,"end":6730.54},{"text":"under","start":6730.893,"end":6731.054},{"text":"this","start":6731.054,"end":6731.183},{"text":"framework","start":6731.536,"end":6732.163},{"text":"are","start":6732.58,"end":6732.677},{"text":"in","start":6732.677,"end":6732.789},{"text":"full","start":6732.87,"end":6733.048},{"text":"compliance","start":6733.048,"end":6733.797},{"text":"with","start":6734.041,"end":6734.154},{"text":"our","start":6734.268,"end":6734.431},{"text":"international","start":6734.447,"end":6735.016},{"text":"legal","start":6735.016,"end":6735.326},{"text":"obligations,","start":6735.342,"end":6735.96},{"text":"in","start":6736.155,"end":6736.204},{"text":"particular","start":6736.236,"end":6736.708},{"text":"with","start":6736.708,"end":6736.871},{"text":"all","start":6736.871,"end":6737.05},{"text":"5","start":6737.05,"end":6737.342},{"text":"United","start":6737.359,"end":6737.765},{"text":"Nations","start":6737.765,"end":6738.123},{"text":"treaties","start":6738.253,"end":6738.644},{"text":"on","start":6738.676,"end":6738.823},{"text":"outer","start":6738.823,"end":6738.953},{"text":"space.","start":6739.001,"end":6739.376}]},{"text":"In line with the special position that both the Outer Space Treaty, as well as the current version of the initial draft set of recommended principles afford to the scientific investigation of outer space, we would like to highlight the explicit permission of the use of space resources in support of scientific missions pursuant to Article 6 of the Moon Agreement, irrespective of the existence of the international regime foreseen under this agreement.","start":6741.305,"end":6767.37,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-treaties","label":"Outer Space Treaties and International Legal Basis","description":"Several statements emphasized that any future regime for space activities must remain grounded in the existing UN outer space treaties, especially the Outer Space Treaty. 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Speakers stressed that current discussions in the Legal Subcommittee and its Working Group should lay the foundation for a coherent global governance framework."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":6741.305,"end":6741.386},{"text":"line","start":6741.451,"end":6741.774},{"text":"with","start":6741.774,"end":6741.936},{"text":"the","start":6741.936,"end":6741.968},{"text":"special","start":6741.968,"end":6742.421},{"text":"position","start":6742.421,"end":6742.971},{"text":"that","start":6743.408,"end":6743.634},{"text":"both","start":6743.634,"end":6743.86},{"text":"the","start":6744.055,"end":6744.2},{"text":"Outer","start":6744.2,"end":6744.378},{"text":"Space","start":6744.378,"end":6744.653},{"text":"Treaty,","start":6744.766,"end":6745.154},{"text":"as","start":6745.51,"end":6745.575},{"text":"well","start":6745.736,"end":6746.06},{"text":"as","start":6746.076,"end":6746.125},{"text":"the","start":6746.222,"end":6746.319},{"text":"current","start":6746.319,"end":6746.707},{"text":"version","start":6746.707,"end":6746.901},{"text":"of","start":6746.901,"end":6747.014},{"text":"the","start":6747.046,"end":6747.111},{"text":"initial","start":6747.111,"end":6747.434},{"text":"draft","start":6747.434,"end":6747.774},{"text":"set","start":6747.774,"end":6747.952},{"text":"of","start":6748.001,"end":6748.065},{"text":"recommended","start":6748.098,"end":6748.502},{"text":"principles","start":6748.6,"end":6749.081},{"text":"afford","start":6749.194,"end":6749.723},{"text":"to","start":6750.157,"end":6750.253},{"text":"the","start":6750.253,"end":6750.334},{"text":"scientific","start":6750.334,"end":6750.896},{"text":"investigation","start":6750.896,"end":6751.57},{"text":"of","start":6751.586,"end":6751.666},{"text":"outer","start":6751.747,"end":6751.907},{"text":"space,","start":6751.907,"end":6752.357},{"text":"we","start":6753.192,"end":6753.272},{"text":"would","start":6753.288,"end":6753.384},{"text":"like","start":6753.433,"end":6753.673},{"text":"to","start":6753.689,"end":6753.818},{"text":"highlight","start":6753.834,"end":6754.46},{"text":"the","start":6754.733,"end":6754.878},{"text":"explicit","start":6754.878,"end":6755.391},{"text":"permission","start":6755.456,"end":6755.889},{"text":"of","start":6755.937,"end":6756.066},{"text":"the","start":6756.098,"end":6756.178},{"text":"use","start":6756.242,"end":6756.483},{"text":"of","start":6756.483,"end":6756.548},{"text":"space","start":6756.58,"end":6756.981},{"text":"resources","start":6756.981,"end":6757.671},{"text":"in","start":6757.848,"end":6757.928},{"text":"support","start":6757.928,"end":6758.282},{"text":"of","start":6758.282,"end":6758.362},{"text":"scientific","start":6758.41,"end":6758.892},{"text":"missions","start":6758.892,"end":6759.277},{"text":"pursuant","start":6759.855,"end":6760.192},{"text":"to","start":6760.192,"end":6760.305},{"text":"Article","start":6760.417,"end":6760.69},{"text":"6","start":6760.69,"end":6761.156},{"text":"of","start":6761.236,"end":6761.316},{"text":"the","start":6761.316,"end":6761.413},{"text":"Moon","start":6761.413,"end":6761.621},{"text":"Agreement,","start":6761.621,"end":6762.216},{"text":"irrespective","start":6762.826,"end":6763.484},{"text":"of","start":6763.484,"end":6763.58},{"text":"the","start":6763.58,"end":6763.709},{"text":"existence","start":6763.709,"end":6764.287},{"text":"of","start":6764.287,"end":6764.431},{"text":"the","start":6764.431,"end":6764.512},{"text":"international","start":6764.512,"end":6765.138},{"text":"regime","start":6765.17,"end":6765.7},{"text":"foreseen","start":6765.716,"end":6766.198},{"text":"under","start":6766.358,"end":6766.519},{"text":"this","start":6766.535,"end":6766.711},{"text":"agreement.","start":6766.711,"end":6767.37}]},{"text":"Mr. Chair, the 1979 Moon Agreement continues to be a valuable source of space law for its states parties.","start":6768.606,"end":6776.379,"topics":[{"key":"outer-space-treaties","label":"Outer Space Treaties and International Legal Basis","description":"Several statements emphasized that any future regime for space activities must remain grounded in the existing UN outer space treaties, especially the Outer Space Treaty. Delegations repeatedly referred to core principles such as peaceful use, non-appropriation, due regard, and compatibility with current international law."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":6768.606,"end":6768.799},{"text":"Chair,","start":6768.847,"end":6769.28},{"text":"the","start":6769.987,"end":6770.067},{"text":"1979","start":6770.067,"end":6771.079},{"text":"Moon","start":6771.111,"end":6771.223},{"text":"Agreement","start":6771.271,"end":6771.994},{"text":"continues","start":6772.058,"end":6772.524},{"text":"to","start":6772.636,"end":6772.765},{"text":"be","start":6772.797,"end":6773.006},{"text":"a","start":6773.038,"end":6773.054},{"text":"valuable","start":6773.054,"end":6773.664},{"text":"source","start":6773.664,"end":6774.081},{"text":"of","start":6774.081,"end":6775.976},{"text":"space","start":6774.162,"end":6774.515},{"text":"law","start":6774.644,"end":6774.837},{"text":"for","start":6775.27,"end":6775.399},{"text":"its","start":6775.431,"end":6775.608},{"text":"states","start":6775.608,"end":6776.01},{"text":"parties.","start":6776.01,"end":6776.379}]},{"text":"We recognize, however, the need to pursue all options for future governance, given the different legal obligations of COPRO's members.","start":6777.938,"end":6785.471,"topics":[{"key":"space-resource-governance","label":"Space Resource Governance","description":"Many delegations focused on developing internationally agreed principles or rules for the exploration, exploitation, and utilization of space resources. 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Speakers stressed that current discussions in the Legal Subcommittee and its Working Group should lay the foundation for a coherent global governance framework."},{"key":"equitable-access","label":"Equitable Access and Benefit Sharing","description":"A recurring theme was that all countries, including developing and emerging spacefaring nations, should have fair access to outer space and to the benefits derived from space resources. 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you, Mr.","start":6805.713,"end":6808.058,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":6805.713,"end":6806.182},{"text":"you,","start":6806.845,"end":6807.233},{"text":"Mr.","start":6807.249,"end":6808.058}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"Chair.","start":6808.171,"end":6808.478,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Chair.","start":6808.171,"end":6808.478}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"AUT","affiliation_full":"Austria","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":47,"start":6809.109,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1e/k1ev2fwlsa?t=6810","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Muchas gracias.","start":6809.109,"end":6810.112,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Muchas","start":6809.109,"end":6809.481},{"text":"gracias.","start":6809.578,"end":6810.112}]},{"text":"Thank you very much, distinguished representative of Austria, for your 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delegates, As we have no technical presentations this morning, I will shortly adjourn so that the Working Group on Legal Aspects of Space Resource Activities can hold its second meeting, followed by discussions on organizational 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before doing so, I would like to inform delegates of our schedule of work for this 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continue our consideration of Agenda Item 3, General Exchange of 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would like to inform delegates that currently there is only one member state that has not submitted its statement of 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you.","start":6903.1,"end":6903.197,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":6903.1,"end":6903.165},{"text":"you.","start":6903.165,"end":6903.197}]},{"text":"Registered in the list of speakers under this agenda item for this afternoon.","start":6904.3,"end":6908.57,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Registered","start":6904.3,"end":6904.736},{"text":"in","start":6904.736,"end":6904.785},{"text":"the","start":6904.817,"end":6904.898},{"text":"list","start":6904.898,"end":6905.157},{"text":"of","start":6905.157,"end":6905.238},{"text":"speakers","start":6905.238,"end":6905.626},{"text":"under","start":6905.707,"end":6905.966},{"text":"this","start":6905.966,"end":6906.224},{"text":"agenda","start":6906.257,"end":6906.677},{"text":"item","start":6906.677,"end":6906.969},{"text":"for","start":6907.389,"end":6907.567},{"text":"this","start":6907.567,"end":6907.842},{"text":"afternoon.","start":6908.036,"end":6908.57}]},{"text":"And I would therefore like to encourage member states who are ready to deliver their statements this afternoon to reach out to the list of 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there are no further requests from member states at this stage, I propose that We proceed to invite permanent observers to deliver their statements this afternoon under this agenda item so as to efficiently use our 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will begin our consideration of Agenda Item 9, General Exchange of Information and Views on Legal Mechanisms Relating to Space Debris Mitigation and Remediation Measures, taking into account the work of the Scientific and Technical 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will then adjourn the plenary meeting so that the Working Group on the Status and Application of the 5 United Nations Treaties on Outer Space can hold its 3rd 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will be no technical presentations this afternoon.","start":7025.399,"end":7027.618,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"There","start":7025.399,"end":7025.543},{"text":"will","start":7025.543,"end":7025.64},{"text":"be","start":7025.64,"end":7025.736},{"text":"no","start":7025.736,"end":7025.961},{"text":"technical","start":7025.961,"end":7026.363},{"text":"presentations","start":7026.363,"end":7026.974},{"text":"this","start":7027.071,"end":7027.183},{"text":"afternoon.","start":7027.232,"end":7027.618}]},{"text":"I would like to inform delegates I would like to announce that today's informal consultations of the Working Group on Legal Aspects of Space Resource Activities will be held in Conference Room M3 during lunchtime from 2 PM to 3 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consultation will also be available via the MS Teams link contained in the circular CU/2025/122 of 15 April 2025.","start":7050.679,"end":7063.04,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":7050.679,"end":7050.776},{"text":"consultation","start":7050.776,"end":7051.502},{"text":"will","start":7051.502,"end":7051.663},{"text":"also","start":7051.663,"end":7051.97},{"text":"be","start":7051.97,"end":7052.082},{"text":"available","start":7052.082,"end":7052.615},{"text":"via","start":7053.115,"end":7053.744},{"text":"the","start":7053.744,"end":7054.002},{"text":"MS","start":7054.147,"end":7054.55},{"text":"Teams","start":7054.55,"end":7054.857},{"text":"link","start":7054.953,"end":7055.195},{"text":"contained","start":7055.292,"end":7055.776},{"text":"in","start":7055.776,"end":7055.873},{"text":"the","start":7055.873,"end":7055.97},{"text":"circular","start":7056.002,"end":7056.47},{"text":"CU/2025/122","start":7059.169,"end":7061.371},{"text":"of","start":7061.371,"end":7061.42},{"text":"15","start":7061.436,"end":7061.906},{"text":"April","start":7061.955,"end":7062.262},{"text":"2025.","start":7062.262,"end":7063.04}]},{"text":"Also, during the lunchtime, I will hold informal consultations with interested delegates on the composition of the Bureau of the Working Group on Legal Aspects of Space Resource Activities from 1:15 to 2 PM.","start":7063.542,"end":7082.126,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Also,","start":7063.542,"end":7063.785},{"text":"during","start":7063.801,"end":7064.044},{"text":"the","start":7064.044,"end":7064.076},{"text":"lunchtime,","start":7064.125,"end":7064.627},{"text":"I","start":7065.82,"end":7065.852},{"text":"will","start":7065.852,"end":7065.966},{"text":"hold","start":7066.014,"end":7066.355},{"text":"informal","start":7066.502,"end":7066.989},{"text":"consultations","start":7066.989,"end":7067.768},{"text":"with","start":7067.866,"end":7067.963},{"text":"interested","start":7067.963,"end":7068.467},{"text":"delegates","start":7068.467,"end":7068.954},{"text":"on","start":7069.733,"end":7069.798},{"text":"the","start":7069.815,"end":7069.912},{"text":"composition","start":7069.912,"end":7070.415},{"text":"of","start":7070.415,"end":7070.497},{"text":"the","start":7070.497,"end":7070.578},{"text":"Bureau","start":7070.578,"end":7070.951},{"text":"of","start":7070.951,"end":7071.016},{"text":"the","start":7071.032,"end":7071.097},{"text":"Working","start":7071.13,"end":7071.39},{"text":"Group","start":7071.39,"end":7071.617},{"text":"on","start":7071.617,"end":7071.812},{"text":"Legal","start":7072.007,"end":7072.25},{"text":"Aspects","start":7072.25,"end":7072.738},{"text":"of","start":7072.738,"end":7072.819},{"text":"Space","start":7072.835,"end":7073.095},{"text":"Resource","start":7073.16,"end":7073.452},{"text":"Activities","start":7073.55,"end":7074.036},{"text":"from","start":7074.036,"end":7078.081},{"text":"1:15","start":7078.242,"end":7079.096},{"text":"to","start":7080.257,"end":7080.531},{"text":"2","start":7081.481,"end":7081.707},{"text":"PM.","start":7081.707,"end":7082.126}]},{"text":"And this will be in Room M6.","start":7084.166,"end":7087.677,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":7084.166,"end":7084.263},{"text":"this","start":7084.263,"end":7084.377},{"text":"will","start":7084.491,"end":7084.654},{"text":"be","start":7084.654,"end":7084.865},{"text":"in","start":7084.914,"end":7085.109},{"text":"Room","start":7085.157,"end":7085.531},{"text":"M6.","start":7086.766,"end":7087.677}]},{"text":"Room M6.","start":7092.121,"end":7093.061,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Room","start":7092.121,"end":7092.251},{"text":"M6.","start":7092.381,"end":7093.061}]},{"text":"From 1:15 to 2:00 PM to see if general agreement may emerge.","start":7094.552,"end":7100.093,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"From","start":7094.552,"end":7094.698},{"text":"1:15","start":7094.795,"end":7095.427},{"text":"to","start":7096.091,"end":7096.188},{"text":"2:00","start":7096.188,"end":7097.258},{"text":"PM","start":7097.258,"end":7097.501},{"text":"to","start":7098.441,"end":7098.538},{"text":"see","start":7098.538,"end":7098.781},{"text":"if","start":7098.781,"end":7098.829},{"text":"general","start":7098.829,"end":7099.111},{"text":"agreement","start":7099.111,"end":7099.527},{"text":"may","start":7099.527,"end":7099.694},{"text":"emerge.","start":7099.694,"end":7100.093}]},{"text":"And once again, the schedule of the consultations is available on the webpage of the session.","start":7105.153,"end":7109.428,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":7105.153,"end":7105.283},{"text":"once","start":7105.332,"end":7105.558},{"text":"again,","start":7105.558,"end":7105.753},{"text":"the","start":7105.801,"end":7105.882},{"text":"schedule","start":7105.882,"end":7106.238},{"text":"of","start":7106.238,"end":7106.303},{"text":"the","start":7106.303,"end":7106.384},{"text":"consultations","start":7106.384,"end":7107.242},{"text":"is","start":7107.501,"end":7107.566},{"text":"available","start":7107.599,"end":7108.23},{"text":"on","start":7108.23,"end":7108.327},{"text":"the","start":7108.327,"end":7108.408},{"text":"webpage","start":7108.408,"end":7108.862},{"text":"of","start":7108.91,"end":7108.991},{"text":"the","start":7109.04,"end":7109.121},{"text":"session.","start":7109.121,"end":7109.428}]},{"text":"I would now like to give the floor to the Secretariat to provide information on side events.","start":7112.749,"end":7118.859,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":7112.749,"end":7112.797},{"text":"would","start":7112.829,"end":7112.925},{"text":"now","start":7112.925,"end":7113.07},{"text":"like","start":7113.07,"end":7113.23},{"text":"to","start":7113.23,"end":7113.31},{"text":"give","start":7113.31,"end":7113.487},{"text":"the","start":7113.487,"end":7113.599},{"text":"floor","start":7113.615,"end":7113.807},{"text":"to","start":7113.968,"end":7114.224},{"text":"the","start":7114.353,"end":7114.513},{"text":"Secretariat","start":7114.513,"end":7115.411},{"text":"to","start":7115.892,"end":7116.101},{"text":"provide","start":7116.101,"end":7116.437},{"text":"information","start":7116.437,"end":7117.127},{"text":"on","start":7117.303,"end":7117.496},{"text":"side","start":7117.977,"end":7118.378},{"text":"events.","start":7118.378,"end":7118.859}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Santiago Ripoll","affiliation":"COPUOS","affiliation_full":"COPUOS","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":48,"start":7120.126,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1e/k1ev2fwlsa?t=7121","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you very much, Mr. Chair.","start":7120.126,"end":7122.708,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":7120.126,"end":7121.73},{"text":"you","start":7121.73,"end":7121.794},{"text":"very","start":7121.794,"end":7121.938},{"text":"much,","start":7121.97,"end":7122.147},{"text":"Mr.","start":7122.275,"end":7122.451},{"text":"Chair.","start":7122.532,"end":7122.708}]},{"text":"Distinguished delegates, during lunchtime from 1:15 to 2 PM, there will be a side event organized by the Office for Outer Space Affairs entitled The Global Space Space Law Project, Supporting Space Nations Through Law and Policy.","start":7123.398,"end":7139.748,"topics":[{"key":"capacity-building","label":"Capacity Building and International Cooperation","description":"A number of statements 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you very much, Mr. Chair.","start":7170.754,"end":7171.852,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":7170.754,"end":7170.851},{"text":"you","start":7170.851,"end":7170.9},{"text":"very","start":7170.9,"end":7171.013},{"text":"much,","start":7171.013,"end":7171.335},{"text":"Mr.","start":7171.4,"end":7171.658},{"text":"Chair.","start":7171.723,"end":7171.852}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"UNOSA","affiliation_full":"UNOSA","group":null,"function":"Secretariat"}},{"statement_number":49,"start":7173.257,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1e/k1ev2fwlsa?t=7174","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Muchas gracias.","start":7173.257,"end":7173.999,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Muchas","start":7173.257,"end":7173.483},{"text":"gracias.","start":7173.499,"end":7173.999}]},{"text":"Thank you very much, Secretariat, for the information.","start":7174.242,"end":7176.389,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":7174.242,"end":7174.5},{"text":"you","start":7174.5,"end":7174.613},{"text":"very","start":7174.629,"end":7174.774},{"text":"much,","start":7174.823,"end":7175.016},{"text":"Secretariat,","start":7175.129,"end":7175.695},{"text":"for","start":7175.759,"end":7175.872},{"text":"the","start":7175.872,"end":7176.001},{"text":"information.","start":7176.001,"end":7176.389}]},{"text":"Are there any questions or comments on this proposed schedule?","start":7177.912,"end":7180.376,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Are","start":7177.912,"end":7177.994},{"text":"there","start":7177.994,"end":7178.093},{"text":"any","start":7178.093,"end":7178.241},{"text":"questions","start":7178.307,"end":7178.75},{"text":"or","start":7178.75,"end":7178.816},{"text":"comments","start":7178.816,"end":7179.243},{"text":"on","start":7179.374,"end":7179.44},{"text":"this","start":7179.473,"end":7179.62},{"text":"proposed","start":7179.62,"end":7179.965},{"text":"schedule?","start":7179.965,"end":7180.376}]},{"text":"I see none.","start":7182.844,"end":7183.314,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":7182.844,"end":7182.908},{"text":"see","start":7182.908,"end":7183.152},{"text":"none.","start":7183.152,"end":7183.314}]},{"text":"And so.","start":7186.394,"end":7186.475,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":7186.394,"end":7186.442},{"text":"so.","start":7186.442,"end":7186.475}]},{"text":"So distinguished delegates, this meeting is adjourned until 3:00 p.m. this afternoon.","start":7186.57,"end":7193.56,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":7186.57,"end":7186.707},{"text":"distinguished","start":7186.707,"end":7187.101},{"text":"delegates,","start":7187.101,"end":7187.735},{"text":"this","start":7190.13,"end":7190.226},{"text":"meeting","start":7190.226,"end":7190.532},{"text":"is","start":7190.709,"end":7190.774},{"text":"adjourned","start":7190.886,"end":7191.498},{"text":"until","start":7191.531,"end":7191.885},{"text":"3:00","start":7191.885,"end":7192.304},{"text":"p.m.","start":7192.336,"end":7192.674},{"text":"this","start":7192.738,"end":7192.916},{"text":"afternoon.","start":7192.964,"end":7193.56}]},{"text":"But I would now like to invite the Working Group on Legal Aspects of Space Resource Activities to hold its second 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the adjournment of this meeting of the Working Group, discussions on organizational matters led by the delegation of India will take place also here in this conference 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you very much.","start":7219.003,"end":7219.549,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":7219.003,"end":7219.18},{"text":"you","start":7219.18,"end":7219.26},{"text":"very","start":7219.26,"end":7219.357},{"text":"much.","start":7219.357,"end":7219.549}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Santiago Ripoll","affiliation":"COPUOS","affiliation_full":"COPUOS","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":50,"start":7219.726,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1e/k1ev2fwlsa?t=7220","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you.","start":7219.726,"end":7219.983,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":7219.726,"end":7219.903},{"text":"you.","start":7219.903,"end":7219.983}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":null,"affiliation_full":null,"group":null,"function":null}}],"topics":[{"key":"space-traffic","label":"Space Traffic and Operational Coordination","description":"Some delegations highlighted the need to study the legal and policy aspects of space traffic coordination and management as space 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Delegations repeatedly referred to core principles such as peaceful use, non-appropriation, due regard, and compatibility with current international law."},{"key":"space-resource-governance","label":"Space Resource Governance","description":"Many delegations focused on developing internationally agreed principles or rules for the exploration, exploitation, and utilization of space resources. Speakers stressed that current discussions in the Legal Subcommittee and its Working Group should lay the foundation for a coherent global governance framework."}]}}