{"disclaimer":"Transcripts available through this tool are created by using automatic speech recognition and are not official records nor official documents of the United Nations. Official records and official documents are available on the Official Document System of the United Nations.","url":"https://transcripts.un.org/en/asset/k1e/k1ezck5nl2","llms":{"note":"Plain-text sibling of this page, compact for LLM context. 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Events","body":null,"event_code":null,"event_type":null,"session_number":null,"pv_symbol":null,"pv_part":null,"slug":"asset/k1e/k1ezck5nl2"},"metadata":{"summary":null,"description":null,"categories":[],"geographic_subject":[],"subject_topical":[],"corporate_name":[],"speaker_affiliation":[],"related_documents":[]},"transcript":{"transcript_id":"azure-llm-speech-71f8812e-307e-4411-8937-9200fc8d72cd","language":"en","data":[{"statement_number":1,"start":0.19,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1e/k1ezck5nl2?t=0:01","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Excellencies, Honours Delegates, Ladies and Gentlemen, good afternoon to those of you who are here in the room, and good morning, afternoon, or evening of you who are joining us 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is my pleasure to welcome you all to UNIDIR and the EU event, Navigating New Era for Nuclear Energy in the Middle 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we also take this opportunity to launch UNIDIR latest publication with the same name, and I just would like to mention we have publication in the side here if you would like to pick up 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initiated the Middle East Weapon of Mass Destruction Free Zone Project in 2019 with the support of the European Union.","start":31.35,"end":40.27,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"UNIDIR","start":31.35,"end":32.19},{"text":"initiated","start":32.19,"end":32.87},{"text":"the","start":32.87,"end":33.07},{"text":"Middle","start":33.07,"end":33.39},{"text":"East","start":33.39,"end":33.55},{"text":"Weapon","start":33.55,"end":33.83},{"text":"of","start":33.83,"end":33.95},{"text":"Mass","start":33.95,"end":34.11},{"text":"Destruction","start":34.11,"end":34.67},{"text":"Free","start":34.67,"end":34.87},{"text":"Zone","start":34.87,"end":35.15},{"text":"Project","start":35.15,"end":35.87},{"text":"in","start":36.19,"end":36.35},{"text":"2019","start":36.35,"end":37.79},{"text":"with","start":38.11,"end":38.35},{"text":"the","start":38.35,"end":38.43},{"text":"support","start":38.43,"end":38.95},{"text":"of","start":38.95,"end":39.07},{"text":"the","start":39.07,"end":39.19},{"text":"European","start":39.19,"end":39.71},{"text":"Union.","start":39.71,"end":40.27}]},{"text":"To say that the Middle East has changed and continue to undergo significant transformations will be an understatement.","start":40.75,"end":47.71,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"To","start":40.75,"end":40.87},{"text":"say","start":40.87,"end":41.15},{"text":"that","start":41.15,"end":41.27},{"text":"the","start":41.27,"end":41.35},{"text":"Middle","start":41.35,"end":41.63},{"text":"East","start":41.63,"end":41.79},{"text":"has","start":41.79,"end":41.95},{"text":"changed","start":41.95,"end":42.71},{"text":"and","start":42.75,"end":42.91},{"text":"continue","start":42.91,"end":43.47},{"text":"to","start":43.47,"end":43.63},{"text":"undergo","start":43.63,"end":44.11},{"text":"significant","start":44.11,"end":44.79},{"text":"transformations","start":44.79,"end":45.87},{"text":"will","start":46.03,"end":46.27},{"text":"be","start":46.27,"end":46.39},{"text":"an","start":46.39,"end":46.59},{"text":"understatement.","start":46.59,"end":47.71}]},{"text":"The project, therefore, aim to account for both the traditional concerns related to regional weapon of mass destruction possessions, use, threat of use, and development, and those that currently emerge due to changes in the regional security environment and advancement in science and technology.","start":48.19,"end":68.67,"topics":[{"key":"middle-east-wmd-zone","label":"Middle East WMD-Free Zone","description":"Speakers considered how a zone free of nuclear weapons and other weapons of mass destruction could support peaceful nuclear cooperation and regional trust. 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Debate focused on whether such cooperation can overcome political divisions and competing notions of sovereignty and security."},{"key":"middle-east-wmd-zone","label":"Middle East WMD-Free Zone","description":"Speakers considered how a zone free of nuclear weapons and other weapons of mass destruction could support peaceful nuclear cooperation and regional trust. 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panel today is an invitation to explore these intricacies and their unique manifestation in the reality of the Middle East 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very happy to introduce this very high-level panel here on the issue.","start":195.35,"end":200.35,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I'm","start":195.35,"end":195.55},{"text":"very","start":195.55,"end":195.71},{"text":"happy","start":195.71,"end":196.03},{"text":"to","start":196.03,"end":196.19},{"text":"introduce","start":196.19,"end":196.75},{"text":"this","start":196.91,"end":197.07},{"text":"very","start":197.07,"end":197.55},{"text":"high-level","start":198.47,"end":198.87},{"text":"panel","start":198.87,"end":199.27},{"text":"here","start":199.27,"end":199.47},{"text":"on","start":199.47,"end":200.07},{"text":"the","start":200.07,"end":200.19},{"text":"issue.","start":200.19,"end":200.35}]},{"text":"And of course, let me say at the outset a few basic but still very important things, which is, of course, that the European Union has been and remains a long-standing supporter of the NPT and, of course, of its balanced implementation review, which we actually started a few hours ago 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of course, they are mutually reinforcing and must be looked at all together.","start":227.51,"end":231.31,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":227.51,"end":227.67},{"text":"of","start":227.71,"end":227.83},{"text":"course,","start":227.83,"end":228.03},{"text":"they","start":228.03,"end":228.11},{"text":"are","start":228.15,"end":228.23},{"text":"mutually","start":228.23,"end":228.71},{"text":"reinforcing","start":228.71,"end":229.31},{"text":"and","start":229.31,"end":229.43},{"text":"must","start":229.43,"end":229.63},{"text":"be","start":229.63,"end":229.71},{"text":"looked","start":229.71,"end":229.99},{"text":"at","start":229.99,"end":230.23},{"text":"all","start":230.79,"end":230.95},{"text":"together.","start":230.95,"end":231.31}]},{"text":"And of course, when developed under robust multilateral frameworks and robust verification and full compliance with the NPT, the peaceful use of nuclear energy and technology, contribute as such to international peace and security, 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Thank you, everyone.","start":514.91,"end":517.15,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":514.91,"end":515.11},{"text":"you,","start":515.11,"end":515.23},{"text":"Ren.","start":515.27,"end":515.55},{"text":"Thank","start":516.35,"end":516.59},{"text":"you,","start":516.59,"end":516.71},{"text":"everyone.","start":516.71,"end":517.15}]},{"text":"Good afternoon.","start":518.11,"end":518.83,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Good","start":518.11,"end":518.35},{"text":"afternoon.","start":518.35,"end":518.83}]},{"text":"Nuclear energy is regaining momentum.","start":521.59,"end":524.07,"topics":[{"key":"nuclear-energy-drivers","label":"Drivers of Nuclear Energy Expansion","description":"Speakers examined renewed interest in nuclear power in the Middle East, driven by energy security, rising electricity demand, desalination needs, and anticipated AI and data-center growth. 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discussion.","start":1704.23,"end":1707.59,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I'll","start":1704.23,"end":1704.47},{"text":"leave","start":1704.47,"end":1704.67},{"text":"it","start":1704.67,"end":1704.75},{"text":"there,","start":1704.75,"end":1704.99},{"text":"and","start":1704.99,"end":1705.27},{"text":"I","start":1705.99,"end":1706.03},{"text":"look","start":1706.03,"end":1706.15},{"text":"forward","start":1706.15,"end":1706.51},{"text":"to","start":1706.51,"end":1706.63},{"text":"the","start":1706.63,"end":1706.75},{"text":"discussion.","start":1706.91,"end":1707.59}]},{"text":"Thank you.","start":1707.59,"end":1707.87,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":1707.59,"end":1707.79},{"text":"you.","start":1707.79,"end":1707.87}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"UNIDIR","group":null,"function":"Researcher, Middle East Weapons of Mass Destruction Free Zone Project","affiliation_full":"UNIDIR"}},{"statement_number":5,"start":1709.11,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1e/k1ezck5nl2?t=28:30","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you.","start":1709.11,"end":1709.51,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":1709.11,"end":1709.35},{"text":"you.","start":1709.35,"end":1709.51}]},{"text":"Thank you, Almutazir, for, i think, providing us a vast basis for discussion and not without 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it is my pleasure to introduce our next speaker, His Excellency Ihab Mustafa, Permanent Representative of the Arab Republic of Egypt to the UN and the head of the Egyptian delegation to the Review 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floor is yours, Ambassador Mustafa.","start":1738.11,"end":1740.19,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1738.11,"end":1738.19},{"text":"floor","start":1738.19,"end":1738.39},{"text":"is","start":1738.39,"end":1738.55},{"text":"yours,","start":1738.55,"end":1738.91},{"text":"Ambassador","start":1738.91,"end":1739.63},{"text":"Mustafa.","start":1739.71,"end":1740.19}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"UNIDIR","group":null,"function":"Moderator","affiliation_full":"UNIDIR"}},{"statement_number":6,"start":1741.47,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1e/k1ezck5nl2?t=29:02","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you very much, Ms. Keane, and I would like to thank UNIDR and the European Union for organizing this side event on a very topical aspect of the conference, the 11th Review Conference of the NPT.","start":1741.47,"end":1759.63,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":1741.47,"end":1741.71},{"text":"you","start":1741.71,"end":1741.79},{"text":"very","start":1741.79,"end":1741.99},{"text":"much,","start":1741.99,"end":1742.15},{"text":"Ms.","start":1742.15,"end":1742.35},{"text":"Keane,","start":1742.35,"end":1742.67},{"text":"and","start":1742.67,"end":1742.79},{"text":"I","start":1742.79,"end":1742.83},{"text":"would","start":1742.83,"end":1742.99},{"text":"like","start":1742.99,"end":1743.15},{"text":"to","start":1743.15,"end":1743.23},{"text":"thank","start":1743.23,"end":1743.71},{"text":"UNIDR","start":1743.71,"end":1744.75},{"text":"and","start":1744.75,"end":1744.95},{"text":"the","start":1744.95,"end":1745.03},{"text":"European","start":1745.03,"end":1745.55},{"text":"Union","start":1745.55,"end":1746.11},{"text":"for","start":1746.11,"end":1746.67},{"text":"organizing","start":1747.39,"end":1747.95},{"text":"this","start":1747.95,"end":1748.23},{"text":"side","start":1748.23,"end":1748.51},{"text":"event","start":1748.51,"end":1749.15},{"text":"on","start":1749.87,"end":1750.07},{"text":"a","start":1750.07,"end":1750.11},{"text":"very","start":1750.11,"end":1750.83},{"text":"topical","start":1751.23,"end":1751.87},{"text":"aspect","start":1752.51,"end":1753.15},{"text":"of","start":1753.15,"end":1753.71},{"text":"the","start":1753.71,"end":1753.83},{"text":"conference,","start":1756.03,"end":1756.67},{"text":"the","start":1757.23,"end":1757.35},{"text":"11th","start":1757.95,"end":1758.19},{"text":"Review","start":1758.19,"end":1758.51},{"text":"Conference","start":1758.51,"end":1758.91},{"text":"of","start":1758.91,"end":1758.99},{"text":"the","start":1758.99,"end":1759.07},{"text":"NPT.","start":1759.07,"end":1759.63}]},{"text":"So we thank you very much for highlighting and bringing this very valuable research report on the regional dimension of peaceful use of nuclear energy within the Middle East, which is a very important topic of the day.","start":1760.03,"end":1780.55,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":1760.03,"end":1760.35},{"text":"we","start":1760.83,"end":1760.99},{"text":"thank","start":1760.99,"end":1761.23},{"text":"you","start":1761.23,"end":1761.31},{"text":"very","start":1761.31,"end":1761.55},{"text":"much","start":1761.55,"end":1761.87},{"text":"for","start":1762.03,"end":1762.67},{"text":"highlighting","start":1763.39,"end":1764.11},{"text":"and","start":1764.11,"end":1764.27},{"text":"bringing","start":1764.27,"end":1764.99},{"text":"this","start":1765.39,"end":1765.95},{"text":"very","start":1765.95,"end":1766.59},{"text":"valuable","start":1766.67,"end":1767.23},{"text":"research","start":1767.23,"end":1767.79},{"text":"report","start":1769.19,"end":1769.75},{"text":"on","start":1770.15,"end":1770.63},{"text":"the","start":1770.71,"end":1770.91},{"text":"regional","start":1771.03,"end":1771.75},{"text":"dimension","start":1771.83,"end":1772.71},{"text":"of","start":1772.71,"end":1773.19},{"text":"peaceful","start":1775.11,"end":1775.51},{"text":"use","start":1775.51,"end":1775.75},{"text":"of","start":1775.75,"end":1775.91},{"text":"nuclear","start":1775.91,"end":1776.23},{"text":"energy","start":1776.23,"end":1776.63},{"text":"within","start":1776.63,"end":1776.95},{"text":"the","start":1776.95,"end":1777.11},{"text":"Middle","start":1777.11,"end":1777.39},{"text":"East,","start":1777.39,"end":1777.75},{"text":"which","start":1777.75,"end":1778.15},{"text":"is","start":1778.15,"end":1778.39},{"text":"a","start":1778.47,"end":1778.51},{"text":"very","start":1778.51,"end":1778.83},{"text":"important","start":1778.83,"end":1779.35},{"text":"topic","start":1779.35,"end":1779.75},{"text":"of","start":1779.99,"end":1780.07},{"text":"the","start":1780.07,"end":1780.19},{"text":"day.","start":1780.23,"end":1780.55}]},{"text":"Let me start by outlining a few elements of my presentation today.","start":1783.67,"end":1792.23,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Let","start":1783.67,"end":1783.87},{"text":"me","start":1783.87,"end":1784.23},{"text":"start","start":1784.23,"end":1784.79},{"text":"by","start":1785.35,"end":1785.91},{"text":"outlining","start":1788.39,"end":1789.27},{"text":"a","start":1789.35,"end":1789.39},{"text":"few","start":1789.39,"end":1789.99},{"text":"elements","start":1789.99,"end":1790.63},{"text":"of","start":1790.63,"end":1790.95},{"text":"my","start":1791.11,"end":1791.35},{"text":"presentation","start":1791.35,"end":1791.91},{"text":"today.","start":1791.91,"end":1792.23}]},{"text":"So I would like to highlight the integrated energy strategy within the wider Egypt Vision 2030, which highlights and emphasizes the civilian nuclear program of Egypt in Dabaa, which has been alluded to by Mr. Al-Muntasir, the integration with national and regional energy projects, and within that framework, the nuclear regulatory framework that manages or under which those projects or that strategy takes shape.","start":1795.43,"end":1839.83,"topics":[{"key":"nuclear-energy-drivers","label":"Drivers of Nuclear Energy Expansion","description":"Speakers examined renewed interest in nuclear power in the Middle East, driven by energy security, rising electricity demand, desalination needs, and anticipated AI and data-center growth. They also debated nuclear power’s role in decarbonization and diversified energy mixes alongside renewables."}],"words":[{"text":"So","start":1795.43,"end":1795.75},{"text":"I","start":1795.75,"end":1795.91},{"text":"would","start":1795.91,"end":1796.03},{"text":"like","start":1796.03,"end":1796.31},{"text":"to","start":1796.31,"end":1796.47},{"text":"highlight","start":1797.19,"end":1797.99},{"text":"the","start":1798.59,"end":1798.63},{"text":"integrated","start":1798.67,"end":1799.39},{"text":"energy","start":1799.39,"end":1799.79},{"text":"strategy","start":1799.79,"end":1800.51},{"text":"within","start":1801.15,"end":1801.55},{"text":"the","start":1801.55,"end":1801.67},{"text":"wider","start":1801.67,"end":1802.43},{"text":"Egypt","start":1802.59,"end":1803.07},{"text":"Vision","start":1803.39,"end":1803.95},{"text":"2030,","start":1804.43,"end":1804.99},{"text":"which","start":1806.07,"end":1806.51},{"text":"highlights","start":1806.75,"end":1807.63},{"text":"and","start":1808.11,"end":1808.27},{"text":"emphasizes","start":1808.27,"end":1808.99},{"text":"the","start":1808.99,"end":1809.15},{"text":"civilian","start":1809.39,"end":1809.99},{"text":"nuclear","start":1809.99,"end":1810.43},{"text":"program","start":1810.43,"end":1810.99},{"text":"of","start":1811.67,"end":1811.75},{"text":"Egypt","start":1811.79,"end":1812.19},{"text":"in","start":1812.19,"end":1812.43},{"text":"Dabaa,","start":1812.43,"end":1812.75},{"text":"which","start":1812.75,"end":1813.07},{"text":"has","start":1813.07,"end":1813.23},{"text":"been","start":1813.23,"end":1813.63},{"text":"alluded","start":1813.95,"end":1814.31},{"text":"to","start":1814.31,"end":1814.59},{"text":"by","start":1814.59,"end":1814.91},{"text":"Mr.","start":1815.07,"end":1816.19},{"text":"Al-Muntasir,","start":1817.51,"end":1818.55},{"text":"the","start":1818.75,"end":1818.83},{"text":"integration","start":1819.31,"end":1820.03},{"text":"with","start":1820.03,"end":1820.19},{"text":"national","start":1820.19,"end":1820.75},{"text":"and","start":1820.75,"end":1820.91},{"text":"regional","start":1820.91,"end":1821.39},{"text":"energy","start":1821.39,"end":1821.87},{"text":"projects,","start":1821.95,"end":1822.67},{"text":"and","start":1824.91,"end":1825.47},{"text":"within","start":1826.55,"end":1827.03},{"text":"that","start":1827.27,"end":1827.75},{"text":"framework,","start":1827.75,"end":1828.47},{"text":"the","start":1828.87,"end":1829.07},{"text":"nuclear","start":1829.07,"end":1829.47},{"text":"regulatory","start":1829.47,"end":1830.07},{"text":"framework","start":1830.07,"end":1830.87},{"text":"that","start":1831.27,"end":1831.67},{"text":"manages","start":1832.87,"end":1833.59},{"text":"or","start":1833.59,"end":1833.91},{"text":"under","start":1834.31,"end":1834.59},{"text":"which","start":1834.59,"end":1835.19},{"text":"those","start":1835.51,"end":1836.23},{"text":"projects","start":1837.19,"end":1837.67},{"text":"or","start":1837.67,"end":1837.91},{"text":"that","start":1837.91,"end":1838.15},{"text":"strategy","start":1838.15,"end":1838.87},{"text":"takes","start":1839.03,"end":1839.43},{"text":"shape.","start":1839.43,"end":1839.83}]},{"text":"Following that, I would like to also shed light on a very important question regarding the protection of nuclear facilities and regional security implications in the Middle East.","start":1842.47,"end":1855.11,"topics":[{"key":"nuclear-facility-protection","label":"Protection of Nuclear Facilities in Conflict","description":"Speakers highlighted the region’s history of attacks and sabotage against nuclear facilities and the resulting safety, security, and cross-border radiological risks. They questioned whether international standards and institutions can adequately protect facilities throughout their operating lifetimes."}],"words":[{"text":"Following","start":1842.47,"end":1842.87},{"text":"that,","start":1842.87,"end":1843.27},{"text":"I","start":1843.27,"end":1843.43},{"text":"would","start":1843.43,"end":1843.59},{"text":"like","start":1843.59,"end":1843.75},{"text":"to","start":1843.75,"end":1843.95},{"text":"also","start":1845.67,"end":1846.23},{"text":"shed","start":1846.47,"end":1846.79},{"text":"light","start":1846.79,"end":1847.11},{"text":"on","start":1847.11,"end":1847.67},{"text":"a","start":1848.23,"end":1848.27},{"text":"very","start":1848.27,"end":1848.51},{"text":"important","start":1848.51,"end":1848.99},{"text":"question","start":1848.99,"end":1849.59},{"text":"regarding","start":1849.59,"end":1849.95},{"text":"the","start":1849.95,"end":1850.03},{"text":"protection","start":1850.03,"end":1850.59},{"text":"of","start":1850.59,"end":1850.71},{"text":"nuclear","start":1850.71,"end":1851.07},{"text":"facilities","start":1851.07,"end":1851.83},{"text":"and","start":1852.31,"end":1852.71},{"text":"regional","start":1852.71,"end":1852.99},{"text":"security","start":1852.99,"end":1853.39},{"text":"implications","start":1853.39,"end":1853.91},{"text":"in","start":1853.91,"end":1854.07},{"text":"the","start":1854.07,"end":1854.19},{"text":"Middle","start":1854.47,"end":1854.75},{"text":"East.","start":1854.79,"end":1855.11}]},{"text":"and we'll end up with a couple of words on the universal application of the IAEA safeguards in the Middle East, so that it provides a context for the topic that we are addressing today.","start":1856.43,"end":1873.23,"topics":[{"key":"nuclear-safeguards-compliance","label":"Nuclear Safeguards and Non-Proliferation","description":"Speakers discussed comprehensive IAEA safeguards, the Additional Protocol, transparency, and universal participation in the NPT framework. They also examined enrichment ambitions, fuel-supply assurances, and the effectiveness of institutions in preventing proliferation."}],"words":[{"text":"and","start":1856.43,"end":1856.79},{"text":"we'll","start":1857.47,"end":1857.95},{"text":"end","start":1857.95,"end":1858.19},{"text":"up","start":1858.19,"end":1858.43},{"text":"with","start":1858.43,"end":1858.91},{"text":"a","start":1860.67,"end":1860.71},{"text":"couple","start":1860.71,"end":1860.95},{"text":"of","start":1860.95,"end":1861.03},{"text":"words","start":1861.03,"end":1861.39},{"text":"on","start":1861.39,"end":1861.51},{"text":"the","start":1861.51,"end":1861.59},{"text":"universal","start":1861.59,"end":1862.07},{"text":"application","start":1862.07,"end":1862.83},{"text":"of","start":1862.83,"end":1863.07},{"text":"the","start":1863.07,"end":1863.19},{"text":"IAEA","start":1863.23,"end":1864.11},{"text":"safeguards","start":1864.35,"end":1865.23},{"text":"in","start":1865.31,"end":1865.71},{"text":"the","start":1865.79,"end":1865.99},{"text":"Middle","start":1865.99,"end":1866.23},{"text":"East,","start":1866.23,"end":1866.59},{"text":"so","start":1867.71,"end":1867.95},{"text":"that","start":1867.95,"end":1868.27},{"text":"it","start":1868.35,"end":1868.51},{"text":"provides","start":1868.51,"end":1869.47},{"text":"a","start":1870.03,"end":1870.07},{"text":"context","start":1870.07,"end":1870.83},{"text":"for","start":1870.83,"end":1871.31},{"text":"the","start":1871.31,"end":1871.43},{"text":"topic","start":1871.43,"end":1871.87},{"text":"that","start":1871.87,"end":1872.11},{"text":"we","start":1872.11,"end":1872.31},{"text":"are","start":1872.31,"end":1872.43},{"text":"addressing","start":1872.43,"end":1872.91},{"text":"today.","start":1872.91,"end":1873.23}]},{"text":"Let me begin by saying that Egypt firmly believes that the promotion of peaceful uses should not be constrained nor subject it to undue restrictions or conditionalities.","start":1875.43,"end":1887.75,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-nuclear-access","label":"Access to Peaceful Nuclear Technology","description":"Discussion emphasized the NPT right to peaceful nuclear uses and the developmental benefits of nuclear technology. Speakers addressed equitable access, export restrictions, and whether conditions on nuclear cooperation unduly constrain national programs."}],"words":[{"text":"Let","start":1875.43,"end":1875.63},{"text":"me","start":1875.63,"end":1875.79},{"text":"begin","start":1875.79,"end":1876.27},{"text":"by","start":1876.27,"end":1876.75},{"text":"saying","start":1876.99,"end":1877.39},{"text":"that","start":1877.39,"end":1877.71},{"text":"Egypt","start":1877.71,"end":1878.03},{"text":"firmly","start":1878.03,"end":1878.51},{"text":"believes","start":1878.51,"end":1879.03},{"text":"that","start":1879.03,"end":1879.23},{"text":"the","start":1879.23,"end":1879.35},{"text":"promotion","start":1879.35,"end":1879.95},{"text":"of","start":1879.95,"end":1880.11},{"text":"peaceful","start":1880.11,"end":1880.67},{"text":"uses","start":1880.67,"end":1881.31},{"text":"should","start":1881.39,"end":1881.71},{"text":"not","start":1881.71,"end":1882.11},{"text":"be","start":1882.11,"end":1882.35},{"text":"constrained","start":1882.35,"end":1883.15},{"text":"nor","start":1884.03,"end":1884.19},{"text":"subject","start":1884.19,"end":1884.67},{"text":"it","start":1884.67,"end":1884.87},{"text":"to","start":1884.87,"end":1885.07},{"text":"undue","start":1885.07,"end":1885.63},{"text":"restrictions","start":1885.63,"end":1886.59},{"text":"or","start":1886.59,"end":1886.75},{"text":"conditionalities.","start":1886.75,"end":1887.75}]},{"text":"On the contrary, we believe that exercising the right to peaceful uses, especially in the nuclear power field, in order to provide the necessary energy for the various forms of economic activities within a nation, would contribute to strengthening the Treaty, the NPT, and upholding its values.","start":1889.47,"end":1910.35,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-nuclear-access","label":"Access to Peaceful Nuclear Technology","description":"Discussion emphasized the NPT right to peaceful nuclear uses and the developmental benefits of nuclear technology. Speakers addressed equitable access, export restrictions, and whether conditions on nuclear cooperation unduly constrain national programs."},{"key":"nuclear-energy-drivers","label":"Drivers of Nuclear Energy Expansion","description":"Speakers examined renewed interest in nuclear power in the Middle East, driven by energy security, rising electricity demand, desalination needs, and anticipated AI and data-center growth. They also debated nuclear power’s role in decarbonization and diversified energy mixes alongside renewables."}],"words":[{"text":"On","start":1889.47,"end":1889.55},{"text":"the","start":1889.55,"end":1889.67},{"text":"contrary,","start":1889.67,"end":1890.19},{"text":"we","start":1890.99,"end":1891.19},{"text":"believe","start":1891.19,"end":1891.55},{"text":"that","start":1891.55,"end":1891.71},{"text":"exercising","start":1891.71,"end":1892.43},{"text":"the","start":1892.43,"end":1892.55},{"text":"right","start":1892.55,"end":1892.95},{"text":"to","start":1892.95,"end":1893.03},{"text":"peaceful","start":1893.03,"end":1893.47},{"text":"uses,","start":1893.47,"end":1894.11},{"text":"especially","start":1894.55,"end":1895.39},{"text":"in","start":1895.39,"end":1895.71},{"text":"the","start":1895.71,"end":1895.83},{"text":"nuclear","start":1895.83,"end":1896.27},{"text":"power","start":1896.27,"end":1896.59},{"text":"field,","start":1896.59,"end":1897.15},{"text":"in","start":1897.55,"end":1897.71},{"text":"order","start":1897.71,"end":1897.95},{"text":"to","start":1897.95,"end":1898.03},{"text":"provide","start":1898.03,"end":1898.43},{"text":"the","start":1898.43,"end":1898.55},{"text":"necessary","start":1898.55,"end":1899.31},{"text":"energy","start":1899.55,"end":1900.35},{"text":"for","start":1900.67,"end":1900.91},{"text":"the","start":1900.91,"end":1900.99},{"text":"various","start":1900.99,"end":1901.39},{"text":"forms","start":1901.39,"end":1901.79},{"text":"of","start":1901.79,"end":1901.91},{"text":"economic","start":1901.91,"end":1902.35},{"text":"activities","start":1902.35,"end":1902.91},{"text":"within","start":1902.91,"end":1903.31},{"text":"a","start":1903.31,"end":1903.35},{"text":"nation,","start":1903.35,"end":1903.71},{"text":"would","start":1904.27,"end":1904.59},{"text":"contribute","start":1904.59,"end":1905.19},{"text":"to","start":1905.19,"end":1905.27},{"text":"strengthening","start":1905.27,"end":1905.95},{"text":"the","start":1905.95,"end":1906.07},{"text":"Treaty,","start":1906.11,"end":1906.67},{"text":"the","start":1906.91,"end":1906.99},{"text":"NPT,","start":1907.07,"end":1907.79},{"text":"and","start":1908.19,"end":1908.71},{"text":"upholding","start":1908.71,"end":1909.39},{"text":"its","start":1909.39,"end":1909.67},{"text":"values.","start":1909.67,"end":1910.35}]},{"text":"This is a very deep conviction that Egypt has held over the years.","start":1911.91,"end":1916.83,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":1911.91,"end":1912.03},{"text":"is","start":1912.03,"end":1912.19},{"text":"a","start":1912.19,"end":1912.23},{"text":"very","start":1912.23,"end":1912.75},{"text":"deep","start":1912.75,"end":1913.15},{"text":"conviction","start":1913.15,"end":1913.87},{"text":"that","start":1913.87,"end":1914.19},{"text":"Egypt","start":1914.27,"end":1914.75},{"text":"has","start":1914.91,"end":1915.15},{"text":"held","start":1915.15,"end":1915.63},{"text":"over","start":1915.79,"end":1916.11},{"text":"the","start":1916.11,"end":1916.27},{"text":"years.","start":1916.27,"end":1916.83}]},{"text":"Having said that, let me address the Egypt Vision 2030 and the position of integrated energy strategy within that vision.","start":1918.59,"end":1931.83,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Having","start":1918.59,"end":1918.91},{"text":"said","start":1918.91,"end":1919.11},{"text":"that,","start":1919.11,"end":1919.55},{"text":"let","start":1920.51,"end":1920.71},{"text":"me","start":1920.71,"end":1921.31},{"text":"address","start":1923.23,"end":1923.71},{"text":"the","start":1923.71,"end":1923.91},{"text":"Egypt","start":1923.91,"end":1924.27},{"text":"Vision","start":1924.75,"end":1925.15},{"text":"2030","start":1925.15,"end":1926.15},{"text":"and","start":1926.15,"end":1926.83},{"text":"the","start":1927.55,"end":1927.67},{"text":"position","start":1928.35,"end":1928.91},{"text":"of","start":1928.91,"end":1929.07},{"text":"integrated","start":1929.07,"end":1929.79},{"text":"energy","start":1929.79,"end":1930.11},{"text":"strategy","start":1930.11,"end":1930.75},{"text":"within","start":1930.91,"end":1931.31},{"text":"that","start":1931.31,"end":1931.55},{"text":"vision.","start":1931.59,"end":1931.83}]},{"text":"So within the framework of Egypt's Vision 2030, Egypt has adopted a comprehensive energy strategy aimed at ensuring sustainability, diversification, and long-term energy security, while also taking into consideration its climate-related commitments through a just transition approach.","start":1932.67,"end":1958.27,"topics":[{"key":"nuclear-energy-drivers","label":"Drivers of Nuclear Energy Expansion","description":"Speakers examined renewed interest in nuclear power in the Middle East, driven by energy security, rising electricity demand, desalination needs, and anticipated AI and data-center growth. They also debated nuclear power’s role in decarbonization and diversified energy mixes alongside renewables."}],"words":[{"text":"So","start":1932.67,"end":1932.83},{"text":"within","start":1932.83,"end":1933.23},{"text":"the","start":1933.23,"end":1933.35},{"text":"framework","start":1933.35,"end":1934.11},{"text":"of","start":1934.75,"end":1935.23},{"text":"Egypt's","start":1935.55,"end":1936.03},{"text":"Vision","start":1936.03,"end":1936.43},{"text":"2030,","start":1936.43,"end":1936.99},{"text":"Egypt","start":1937.07,"end":1937.71},{"text":"has","start":1937.71,"end":1937.95},{"text":"adopted","start":1937.95,"end":1938.67},{"text":"a","start":1938.67,"end":1938.71},{"text":"comprehensive","start":1938.71,"end":1939.63},{"text":"energy","start":1939.71,"end":1940.11},{"text":"strategy","start":1940.11,"end":1940.83},{"text":"aimed","start":1942.67,"end":1943.07},{"text":"at","start":1943.07,"end":1943.23},{"text":"ensuring","start":1943.23,"end":1943.79},{"text":"sustainability,","start":1943.79,"end":1944.67},{"text":"diversification,","start":1945.23,"end":1946.35},{"text":"and","start":1946.83,"end":1947.31},{"text":"long-term","start":1947.47,"end":1948.19},{"text":"energy","start":1948.19,"end":1948.51},{"text":"security,","start":1948.51,"end":1949.23},{"text":"while","start":1949.87,"end":1950.27},{"text":"also","start":1950.27,"end":1950.59},{"text":"taking","start":1950.59,"end":1950.95},{"text":"into","start":1950.95,"end":1951.15},{"text":"consideration","start":1951.15,"end":1952.03},{"text":"its","start":1952.35,"end":1952.63},{"text":"climate-related","start":1952.63,"end":1953.55},{"text":"commitments","start":1953.55,"end":1954.51},{"text":"through","start":1954.99,"end":1955.47},{"text":"a","start":1956.03,"end":1956.07},{"text":"just","start":1956.07,"end":1956.43},{"text":"transition","start":1956.67,"end":1957.47},{"text":"approach.","start":1957.67,"end":1958.27}]},{"text":"Egypt's commitment to building a modern, competitive, and investment-friendly energy sector is also a key feature of that vision.","start":1960.83,"end":1970.03,"topics":[{"key":"nuclear-financing-economics","label":"Nuclear Financing and Economic Viability","description":"Participants discussed renewed engagement by development banks in nuclear financing, the costs and timelines of reactor construction, and supplier-backed investment. They debated nuclear power’s economic merits relative to faster-deploying solar and wind alternatives."}],"words":[{"text":"Egypt's","start":1960.83,"end":1961.23},{"text":"commitment","start":1961.23,"end":1961.83},{"text":"to","start":1961.83,"end":1961.95},{"text":"building","start":1961.95,"end":1962.35},{"text":"a","start":1962.35,"end":1962.43},{"text":"modern,","start":1962.43,"end":1962.99},{"text":"competitive,","start":1963.23,"end":1964.03},{"text":"and","start":1964.03,"end":1964.39},{"text":"investment-friendly","start":1965.07,"end":1966.03},{"text":"energy","start":1966.03,"end":1966.35},{"text":"sector","start":1966.35,"end":1966.91},{"text":"is","start":1967.15,"end":1967.39},{"text":"also","start":1967.39,"end":1967.75},{"text":"a","start":1967.75,"end":1967.79},{"text":"key","start":1967.79,"end":1968.03},{"text":"feature","start":1968.03,"end":1968.67},{"text":"of","start":1968.87,"end":1969.07},{"text":"that","start":1969.07,"end":1969.47},{"text":"vision.","start":1969.67,"end":1970.03}]},{"text":"Now, more specifically, Egypt's civilian nuclear program is now embodied in El Dabaa project, which Mr. El-Multaser alluded to in his presentation.","start":1972.67,"end":1987.03,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Now,","start":1972.67,"end":1973.15},{"text":"more","start":1973.95,"end":1974.19},{"text":"specifically,","start":1974.19,"end":1975.07},{"text":"Egypt's","start":1976.19,"end":1976.71},{"text":"civilian","start":1976.71,"end":1977.23},{"text":"nuclear","start":1977.23,"end":1977.87},{"text":"program","start":1977.87,"end":1978.43},{"text":"is","start":1979.87,"end":1980.11},{"text":"now","start":1980.11,"end":1980.35},{"text":"embodied","start":1980.39,"end":1980.99},{"text":"in","start":1980.99,"end":1981.39},{"text":"El","start":1981.39,"end":1981.55},{"text":"Dabaa","start":1981.55,"end":1982.03},{"text":"project,","start":1982.35,"end":1982.83},{"text":"which","start":1983.11,"end":1983.47},{"text":"Mr.","start":1984.03,"end":1984.31},{"text":"El-Multaser","start":1984.31,"end":1984.99},{"text":"alluded","start":1985.03,"end":1985.43},{"text":"to","start":1985.43,"end":1985.63},{"text":"in","start":1985.71,"end":1986.11},{"text":"his","start":1986.11,"end":1986.35},{"text":"presentation.","start":1986.35,"end":1987.03}]},{"text":"So at the core of this vision lies Egypt's nuclear program, peaceful nuclear program, with El Dabaa nuclear power plant representing a historic milestone which features four VVER-1200 generation, generation 3+ reactors, with a total capacity of 4,800 megawatts.","start":1987.79,"end":2010.07,"topics":[{"key":"nuclear-energy-drivers","label":"Drivers of Nuclear Energy Expansion","description":"Speakers examined renewed interest in nuclear power in the Middle East, driven by energy security, rising electricity demand, desalination needs, and anticipated AI and data-center growth. They also debated nuclear power’s role in decarbonization and diversified energy mixes alongside renewables."},{"key":"peaceful-nuclear-access","label":"Access to Peaceful Nuclear Technology","description":"Discussion emphasized the NPT right to peaceful nuclear uses and the developmental benefits of nuclear technology. Speakers addressed equitable access, export restrictions, and whether conditions on nuclear cooperation unduly constrain national programs."}],"words":[{"text":"So","start":1987.79,"end":1987.99},{"text":"at","start":1987.99,"end":1988.07},{"text":"the","start":1988.07,"end":1988.19},{"text":"core","start":1988.19,"end":1988.43},{"text":"of","start":1988.43,"end":1988.51},{"text":"this","start":1988.51,"end":1988.71},{"text":"vision","start":1988.71,"end":1989.15},{"text":"lies","start":1989.15,"end":1989.55},{"text":"Egypt's","start":1989.55,"end":1989.95},{"text":"nuclear","start":1989.95,"end":1990.43},{"text":"program,","start":1990.43,"end":1990.91},{"text":"peaceful","start":1990.91,"end":1991.35},{"text":"nuclear","start":1991.35,"end":1991.71},{"text":"program,","start":1991.71,"end":1992.27},{"text":"with","start":1992.75,"end":1993.07},{"text":"El","start":1993.07,"end":1993.15},{"text":"Dabaa","start":1993.15,"end":1993.47},{"text":"nuclear","start":1993.47,"end":1993.95},{"text":"power","start":1993.95,"end":1994.27},{"text":"plant","start":1994.27,"end":1994.83},{"text":"representing","start":1995.15,"end":1996.03},{"text":"a","start":1996.11,"end":1996.15},{"text":"historic","start":1996.15,"end":1996.91},{"text":"milestone","start":1996.99,"end":1997.95},{"text":"which","start":1998.67,"end":1998.87},{"text":"features","start":1998.87,"end":1999.51},{"text":"four","start":1999.51,"end":2000.15},{"text":"VVER-1200","start":2000.15,"end":2002.11},{"text":"generation,","start":2002.11,"end":2002.87},{"text":"generation","start":2003.83,"end":2004.39},{"text":"3+","start":2004.39,"end":2005.03},{"text":"reactors,","start":2005.11,"end":2005.83},{"text":"with","start":2006.07,"end":2006.31},{"text":"a","start":2006.31,"end":2006.35},{"text":"total","start":2006.35,"end":2006.71},{"text":"capacity","start":2006.71,"end":2007.43},{"text":"of","start":2007.67,"end":2007.79},{"text":"4,800","start":2007.79,"end":2009.27},{"text":"megawatts.","start":2009.27,"end":2010.07}]},{"text":"The project is being implemented in cooperation with Russia's Rosatom and in full coordination with the IAEA.","start":2012.07,"end":2019.99,"topics":[{"key":"regional-nuclear-cooperation","label":"Regional Nuclear Cooperation","description":"Participants explored scientific collaboration, shared electricity supplies, and joint nuclear projects as mechanisms for regional integration and confidence-building. Debate focused on whether such cooperation can overcome political divisions and competing notions of sovereignty and security."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2012.07,"end":2012.19},{"text":"project","start":2012.19,"end":2012.63},{"text":"is","start":2012.63,"end":2012.79},{"text":"being","start":2012.79,"end":2013.03},{"text":"implemented","start":2013.03,"end":2013.83},{"text":"in","start":2013.83,"end":2013.99},{"text":"cooperation","start":2013.99,"end":2014.55},{"text":"with","start":2014.55,"end":2014.87},{"text":"Russia's","start":2015.11,"end":2015.67},{"text":"Rosatom","start":2015.75,"end":2016.39},{"text":"and","start":2017.27,"end":2017.51},{"text":"in","start":2017.51,"end":2017.67},{"text":"full","start":2017.67,"end":2017.91},{"text":"coordination","start":2017.91,"end":2018.71},{"text":"with","start":2018.71,"end":2019.03},{"text":"the","start":2019.19,"end":2019.27},{"text":"IAEA.","start":2019.27,"end":2019.99}]},{"text":"The El Dabaa project represents not only a major addition to Egypt's energy mix, but also a comprehensive national endeavor for technology localization, capacity building, and sustainable development.","start":2021.59,"end":2035.75,"topics":[{"key":"nuclear-energy-drivers","label":"Drivers of Nuclear Energy Expansion","description":"Speakers examined renewed interest in nuclear power in the Middle East, driven by energy security, rising electricity demand, desalination needs, and anticipated AI and data-center growth. They also debated nuclear power’s role in decarbonization and diversified energy mixes alongside renewables."},{"key":"peaceful-nuclear-access","label":"Access to Peaceful Nuclear Technology","description":"Discussion emphasized the NPT right to peaceful nuclear uses and the developmental benefits of nuclear technology. Speakers addressed equitable access, export restrictions, and whether conditions on nuclear cooperation unduly constrain national programs."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2021.59,"end":2021.71},{"text":"El","start":2021.71,"end":2021.83},{"text":"Dabaa","start":2021.83,"end":2022.07},{"text":"project","start":2022.07,"end":2022.51},{"text":"represents","start":2022.51,"end":2023.03},{"text":"not","start":2023.03,"end":2023.27},{"text":"only","start":2023.27,"end":2023.63},{"text":"a","start":2023.63,"end":2023.67},{"text":"major","start":2023.67,"end":2024.31},{"text":"addition","start":2024.31,"end":2024.95},{"text":"to","start":2024.95,"end":2025.07},{"text":"Egypt's","start":2025.11,"end":2025.59},{"text":"energy","start":2025.59,"end":2026.07},{"text":"mix,","start":2026.07,"end":2026.55},{"text":"but","start":2027.51,"end":2027.75},{"text":"also","start":2027.75,"end":2028.15},{"text":"a","start":2028.15,"end":2028.19},{"text":"comprehensive","start":2028.19,"end":2028.95},{"text":"national","start":2028.95,"end":2029.43},{"text":"endeavor","start":2029.43,"end":2029.99},{"text":"for","start":2029.99,"end":2030.23},{"text":"technology","start":2030.23,"end":2031.11},{"text":"localization,","start":2031.11,"end":2031.99},{"text":"capacity","start":2032.95,"end":2033.51},{"text":"building,","start":2033.51,"end":2033.99},{"text":"and","start":2034.31,"end":2034.59},{"text":"sustainable","start":2034.59,"end":2035.11},{"text":"development.","start":2035.11,"end":2035.75}]},{"text":"The first unit of Al Dabaa nuclear power plant is expected to become operational in 2028, with the remaining units to follow by 2029, leading to full operational capacity around 2030.","start":2039.11,"end":2053.83,"topics":[{"key":"nuclear-energy-drivers","label":"Drivers of Nuclear Energy Expansion","description":"Speakers examined renewed interest in nuclear power in the Middle East, driven by energy security, rising electricity demand, desalination needs, and anticipated AI and data-center growth. They also debated nuclear power’s role in decarbonization and diversified energy mixes alongside renewables."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2039.11,"end":2039.23},{"text":"first","start":2039.23,"end":2039.59},{"text":"unit","start":2039.59,"end":2039.91},{"text":"of","start":2039.91,"end":2040.31},{"text":"Al","start":2040.35,"end":2040.47},{"text":"Dabaa","start":2040.47,"end":2040.79},{"text":"nuclear","start":2040.79,"end":2041.19},{"text":"power","start":2041.19,"end":2041.51},{"text":"plant","start":2041.51,"end":2041.83},{"text":"is","start":2041.83,"end":2042.03},{"text":"expected","start":2042.03,"end":2042.59},{"text":"to","start":2042.59,"end":2042.71},{"text":"become","start":2042.71,"end":2043.11},{"text":"operational","start":2043.19,"end":2043.91},{"text":"in","start":2043.91,"end":2044.07},{"text":"2028,","start":2044.07,"end":2045.11},{"text":"with","start":2045.83,"end":2046.11},{"text":"the","start":2046.11,"end":2046.19},{"text":"remaining","start":2046.19,"end":2046.63},{"text":"units","start":2046.63,"end":2047.11},{"text":"to","start":2047.11,"end":2047.23},{"text":"follow","start":2047.23,"end":2047.59},{"text":"by","start":2047.59,"end":2047.91},{"text":"2029,","start":2047.91,"end":2049.11},{"text":"leading","start":2049.59,"end":2050.07},{"text":"to","start":2050.07,"end":2050.23},{"text":"full","start":2050.23,"end":2050.71},{"text":"operational","start":2050.79,"end":2051.35},{"text":"capacity","start":2051.35,"end":2052.07},{"text":"around","start":2052.39,"end":2053.03},{"text":"2030.","start":2053.03,"end":2053.83}]},{"text":"So, where does El Dabaa fit in the integration with national and regional energy projects?","start":2059.27,"end":2068.07,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So,","start":2059.27,"end":2059.67},{"text":"where","start":2060.43,"end":2060.75},{"text":"does","start":2060.75,"end":2061.03},{"text":"El","start":2061.03,"end":2061.11},{"text":"Dabaa","start":2061.11,"end":2061.51},{"text":"fit","start":2061.51,"end":2061.83},{"text":"in","start":2061.83,"end":2062.47},{"text":"the","start":2062.47,"end":2062.67},{"text":"integration","start":2063.91,"end":2064.95},{"text":"with","start":2065.19,"end":2065.51},{"text":"national","start":2065.51,"end":2066.39},{"text":"and","start":2066.39,"end":2066.55},{"text":"regional","start":2066.55,"end":2067.03},{"text":"energy","start":2067.03,"end":2067.43},{"text":"projects?","start":2067.43,"end":2068.07}]},{"text":"So, domestically, Egypt continues to expand large-scale renewable energy projects, including the Benban Solar Park and the Gulf of Suez wind farms.","start":2069.03,"end":2081.43,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So,","start":2069.03,"end":2069.51},{"text":"domestically,","start":2071.35,"end":2072.11},{"text":"Egypt","start":2072.11,"end":2072.31},{"text":"continues","start":2072.31,"end":2072.79},{"text":"to","start":2072.79,"end":2072.91},{"text":"expand","start":2072.91,"end":2073.35},{"text":"large-scale","start":2073.35,"end":2074.07},{"text":"renewable","start":2074.23,"end":2074.79},{"text":"energy","start":2074.79,"end":2075.11},{"text":"projects,","start":2075.11,"end":2075.83},{"text":"including","start":2076.07,"end":2076.71},{"text":"the","start":2076.71,"end":2076.91},{"text":"Benban","start":2077.11,"end":2077.67},{"text":"Solar","start":2077.67,"end":2077.99},{"text":"Park","start":2077.99,"end":2078.47},{"text":"and","start":2078.95,"end":2079.23},{"text":"the","start":2079.23,"end":2079.31},{"text":"Gulf","start":2079.31,"end":2079.67},{"text":"of","start":2079.67,"end":2079.75},{"text":"Suez","start":2079.75,"end":2080.39},{"text":"wind","start":2080.55,"end":2080.87},{"text":"farms.","start":2080.87,"end":2081.43}]},{"text":"Additionally, Egypt aspires to become a regional energy hub connecting Africa, Europe, and Asia.","start":2083.31,"end":2089.95,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Additionally,","start":2083.31,"end":2083.99},{"text":"Egypt","start":2083.99,"end":2084.27},{"text":"aspires","start":2084.27,"end":2084.91},{"text":"to","start":2084.91,"end":2084.99},{"text":"become","start":2084.99,"end":2085.47},{"text":"a","start":2085.55,"end":2085.59},{"text":"regional","start":2085.59,"end":2086.11},{"text":"energy","start":2086.11,"end":2086.59},{"text":"hub","start":2086.59,"end":2086.91},{"text":"connecting","start":2087.07,"end":2087.55},{"text":"Africa,","start":2087.55,"end":2088.11},{"text":"Europe,","start":2088.59,"end":2089.23},{"text":"and","start":2089.39,"end":2089.59},{"text":"Asia.","start":2089.59,"end":2089.95}]},{"text":"In this regard, Egypt is advancing major electricity interconnection projects with neighboring Arab countries, as well as with Europe.","start":2090.91,"end":2099.15,"topics":[{"key":"regional-nuclear-cooperation","label":"Regional Nuclear Cooperation","description":"Participants explored scientific collaboration, shared electricity supplies, and joint nuclear projects as mechanisms for regional integration and confidence-building. Debate focused on whether such cooperation can overcome political divisions and competing notions of sovereignty and security."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":2090.91,"end":2091.07},{"text":"this","start":2091.07,"end":2091.31},{"text":"regard,","start":2091.31,"end":2091.79},{"text":"Egypt","start":2091.79,"end":2092.11},{"text":"is","start":2092.11,"end":2092.27},{"text":"advancing","start":2092.27,"end":2092.83},{"text":"major","start":2092.83,"end":2093.23},{"text":"electricity","start":2093.23,"end":2093.95},{"text":"interconnection","start":2093.95,"end":2094.83},{"text":"projects","start":2094.83,"end":2095.55},{"text":"with","start":2095.87,"end":2096.11},{"text":"neighboring","start":2096.11,"end":2096.59},{"text":"Arab","start":2096.59,"end":2096.91},{"text":"countries,","start":2096.91,"end":2097.55},{"text":"as","start":2097.55,"end":2097.79},{"text":"well","start":2097.79,"end":2098.03},{"text":"as","start":2098.03,"end":2098.51},{"text":"with","start":2098.59,"end":2098.83},{"text":"Europe.","start":2098.83,"end":2099.15}]},{"text":"This includes the Egypt-Saudi Arabia electricity interconnection project, as well as a planned link with Europe via Greece, with a capacity of up to 3,000 megawatts.","start":2100.87,"end":2112.91,"topics":[{"key":"regional-nuclear-cooperation","label":"Regional Nuclear Cooperation","description":"Participants explored scientific collaboration, shared electricity supplies, and joint nuclear projects as mechanisms for regional integration and confidence-building. Debate focused on whether such cooperation can overcome political divisions and competing notions of sovereignty and security."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":2100.87,"end":2101.07},{"text":"includes","start":2101.07,"end":2101.63},{"text":"the","start":2101.63,"end":2101.75},{"text":"Egypt-Saudi","start":2101.75,"end":2102.63},{"text":"Arabia","start":2102.63,"end":2103.11},{"text":"electricity","start":2103.11,"end":2103.67},{"text":"interconnection","start":2103.67,"end":2104.43},{"text":"project,","start":2104.43,"end":2104.99},{"text":"as","start":2105.71,"end":2105.95},{"text":"well","start":2105.95,"end":2106.19},{"text":"as","start":2106.19,"end":2106.59},{"text":"a","start":2106.67,"end":2106.71},{"text":"planned","start":2106.71,"end":2107.07},{"text":"link","start":2107.07,"end":2107.47},{"text":"with","start":2107.47,"end":2107.63},{"text":"Europe","start":2107.63,"end":2108.03},{"text":"via","start":2108.11,"end":2108.43},{"text":"Greece,","start":2108.43,"end":2108.99},{"text":"with","start":2109.87,"end":2110.07},{"text":"a","start":2110.07,"end":2110.11},{"text":"capacity","start":2110.11,"end":2110.59},{"text":"of","start":2110.59,"end":2110.75},{"text":"up","start":2110.75,"end":2111.07},{"text":"to","start":2111.07,"end":2111.23},{"text":"3,000","start":2111.47,"end":2112.27},{"text":"megawatts.","start":2112.27,"end":2112.91}]},{"text":"In this context, nuclear energy plays a crucial role in enhancing the stability and efficiency of interconnected systems, providing reliable power and enabling the export of clean electricity on a 24/7 basis.","start":2114.07,"end":2133.99,"topics":[{"key":"nuclear-energy-drivers","label":"Drivers of Nuclear Energy Expansion","description":"Speakers examined renewed interest in nuclear power in the Middle East, driven by energy security, rising electricity demand, desalination needs, and anticipated AI and data-center growth. They also debated nuclear power’s role in decarbonization and diversified energy mixes alongside renewables."},{"key":"regional-nuclear-cooperation","label":"Regional Nuclear Cooperation","description":"Participants explored scientific collaboration, shared electricity supplies, and joint nuclear projects as mechanisms for regional integration and confidence-building. Debate focused on whether such cooperation can overcome political divisions and competing notions of sovereignty and security."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":2114.07,"end":2114.19},{"text":"this","start":2114.19,"end":2114.39},{"text":"context,","start":2114.39,"end":2115.03},{"text":"nuclear","start":2115.35,"end":2115.99},{"text":"energy","start":2115.99,"end":2116.79},{"text":"plays","start":2117.03,"end":2117.43},{"text":"a","start":2117.43,"end":2117.51},{"text":"crucial","start":2117.51,"end":2118.03},{"text":"role","start":2118.03,"end":2118.47},{"text":"in","start":2118.87,"end":2119.11},{"text":"enhancing","start":2119.11,"end":2119.75},{"text":"the","start":2119.75,"end":2119.87},{"text":"stability","start":2119.87,"end":2120.55},{"text":"and","start":2120.55,"end":2120.75},{"text":"efficiency","start":2120.75,"end":2121.51},{"text":"of","start":2121.99,"end":2122.39},{"text":"interconnected","start":2122.39,"end":2123.07},{"text":"systems,","start":2123.07,"end":2123.67},{"text":"providing","start":2124.79,"end":2125.43},{"text":"reliable","start":2125.43,"end":2125.99},{"text":"power","start":2125.99,"end":2126.55},{"text":"and","start":2127.03,"end":2127.39},{"text":"enabling","start":2127.39,"end":2128.23},{"text":"the","start":2128.23,"end":2128.43},{"text":"export","start":2128.47,"end":2129.19},{"text":"of","start":2129.59,"end":2129.83},{"text":"clean","start":2129.83,"end":2130.39},{"text":"electricity","start":2130.39,"end":2131.27},{"text":"on","start":2131.51,"end":2131.67},{"text":"a","start":2131.67,"end":2131.71},{"text":"24/7","start":2131.71,"end":2133.11},{"text":"basis.","start":2133.43,"end":2133.99}]},{"text":"Our nuclear power plant as a centerpiece of this energy mix is a key addition to global energy security and endeavors of regional integration.","start":2135.67,"end":2146.23,"topics":[{"key":"nuclear-energy-drivers","label":"Drivers of Nuclear Energy Expansion","description":"Speakers examined renewed interest in nuclear power in the Middle East, driven by energy security, rising electricity demand, desalination needs, and anticipated AI and data-center growth. They also debated nuclear power’s role in decarbonization and diversified energy mixes alongside renewables."},{"key":"regional-nuclear-cooperation","label":"Regional Nuclear Cooperation","description":"Participants explored scientific collaboration, shared electricity supplies, and joint nuclear projects as mechanisms for regional integration and confidence-building. Debate focused on whether such cooperation can overcome political divisions and competing notions of sovereignty and security."}],"words":[{"text":"Our","start":2135.67,"end":2135.83},{"text":"nuclear","start":2135.83,"end":2136.19},{"text":"power","start":2136.19,"end":2136.47},{"text":"plant","start":2136.47,"end":2137.11},{"text":"as","start":2137.75,"end":2137.99},{"text":"a","start":2137.99,"end":2138.03},{"text":"centerpiece","start":2138.03,"end":2138.83},{"text":"of","start":2138.83,"end":2138.95},{"text":"this","start":2138.95,"end":2139.19},{"text":"energy","start":2139.19,"end":2139.51},{"text":"mix","start":2139.51,"end":2139.99},{"text":"is","start":2140.71,"end":2140.83},{"text":"a","start":2140.83,"end":2140.87},{"text":"key","start":2140.87,"end":2141.11},{"text":"addition","start":2141.11,"end":2141.67},{"text":"to","start":2141.67,"end":2141.79},{"text":"global","start":2141.79,"end":2142.23},{"text":"energy","start":2142.23,"end":2142.63},{"text":"security","start":2142.63,"end":2143.35},{"text":"and","start":2143.59,"end":2143.75},{"text":"endeavors","start":2143.75,"end":2144.63},{"text":"of","start":2145.11,"end":2145.31},{"text":"regional","start":2145.31,"end":2145.63},{"text":"integration.","start":2145.63,"end":2146.23}]},{"text":"This is how we see also the Al Dabaa project situated in a wider regional integrated strategy for the development of peaceful uses of nuclear energy.","start":2147.47,"end":2159.03,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-nuclear-access","label":"Access to Peaceful Nuclear Technology","description":"Discussion emphasized the NPT right to peaceful nuclear uses and the developmental benefits of nuclear technology. Speakers addressed equitable access, export restrictions, and whether conditions on nuclear cooperation unduly constrain national programs."},{"key":"regional-nuclear-cooperation","label":"Regional Nuclear Cooperation","description":"Participants explored scientific collaboration, shared electricity supplies, and joint nuclear projects as mechanisms for regional integration and confidence-building. Debate focused on whether such cooperation can overcome political divisions and competing notions of sovereignty and security."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":2147.47,"end":2147.67},{"text":"is","start":2147.67,"end":2147.75},{"text":"how","start":2147.75,"end":2147.99},{"text":"we","start":2147.99,"end":2148.11},{"text":"see","start":2148.11,"end":2148.47},{"text":"also","start":2148.47,"end":2149.03},{"text":"the","start":2149.03,"end":2149.23},{"text":"Al","start":2149.27,"end":2149.43},{"text":"Dabaa","start":2149.43,"end":2149.75},{"text":"project","start":2149.75,"end":2150.27},{"text":"situated","start":2150.95,"end":2151.75},{"text":"in","start":2151.75,"end":2152.31},{"text":"a","start":2152.71,"end":2152.75},{"text":"wider","start":2152.75,"end":2153.71},{"text":"regional","start":2153.71,"end":2154.31},{"text":"integrated","start":2154.55,"end":2155.11},{"text":"strategy","start":2155.11,"end":2155.75},{"text":"for","start":2155.91,"end":2156.15},{"text":"the","start":2156.15,"end":2156.23},{"text":"development","start":2156.23,"end":2156.79},{"text":"of","start":2156.83,"end":2156.95},{"text":"peaceful","start":2156.95,"end":2157.35},{"text":"uses","start":2157.35,"end":2157.67},{"text":"of","start":2157.75,"end":2158.15},{"text":"nuclear","start":2158.23,"end":2158.63},{"text":"energy.","start":2158.63,"end":2159.03}]},{"text":"Now moving to the regulatory framework that Egypt has adopted.","start":2160.55,"end":2166.55,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Now","start":2160.55,"end":2160.79},{"text":"moving","start":2160.79,"end":2161.19},{"text":"to","start":2161.19,"end":2161.51},{"text":"the","start":2161.59,"end":2161.79},{"text":"regulatory","start":2162.47,"end":2163.35},{"text":"framework","start":2163.35,"end":2164.15},{"text":"that","start":2164.71,"end":2165.11},{"text":"Egypt","start":2165.11,"end":2165.51},{"text":"has","start":2165.59,"end":2165.91},{"text":"adopted.","start":2165.91,"end":2166.55}]},{"text":"Egypt has established a robust institutional and regulatory framework led by the Egyptian Nuclear and Radiological Regulatory Authority, ensuring full compliance with the highest standards of safety and oversight.","start":2168.23,"end":2183.91,"topics":[{"key":"nuclear-facility-protection","label":"Protection of Nuclear Facilities in Conflict","description":"Speakers highlighted the region’s history of attacks and sabotage against nuclear facilities and the resulting safety, security, and cross-border radiological risks. They questioned whether international standards and institutions can adequately protect facilities throughout their operating lifetimes."}],"words":[{"text":"Egypt","start":2168.23,"end":2168.47},{"text":"has","start":2168.47,"end":2168.59},{"text":"established","start":2168.59,"end":2169.19},{"text":"a","start":2169.19,"end":2169.27},{"text":"robust","start":2169.27,"end":2169.91},{"text":"institutional","start":2169.91,"end":2170.79},{"text":"and","start":2170.79,"end":2171.03},{"text":"regulatory","start":2171.03,"end":2172.23},{"text":"framework","start":2172.23,"end":2172.87},{"text":"led","start":2172.87,"end":2173.19},{"text":"by","start":2173.19,"end":2173.43},{"text":"the","start":2173.43,"end":2173.55},{"text":"Egyptian","start":2173.55,"end":2174.39},{"text":"Nuclear","start":2174.63,"end":2175.35},{"text":"and","start":2175.35,"end":2175.63},{"text":"Radiological","start":2175.63,"end":2176.39},{"text":"Regulatory","start":2176.39,"end":2177.03},{"text":"Authority,","start":2177.03,"end":2177.75},{"text":"ensuring","start":2179.39,"end":2179.91},{"text":"full","start":2179.91,"end":2180.23},{"text":"compliance","start":2180.23,"end":2180.95},{"text":"with","start":2180.95,"end":2181.15},{"text":"the","start":2181.15,"end":2181.27},{"text":"highest","start":2181.27,"end":2181.63},{"text":"standards","start":2181.63,"end":2182.23},{"text":"of","start":2182.23,"end":2182.31},{"text":"safety","start":2182.31,"end":2183.03},{"text":"and","start":2183.03,"end":2183.19},{"text":"oversight.","start":2183.19,"end":2183.91}]},{"text":"Recently, in 2023, Egypt acceded to the Convention on Nuclear Safety, reaffirming its firm commitment to the highest international standards of nuclear safety.","start":2185.19,"end":2196.95,"topics":[{"key":"nuclear-facility-protection","label":"Protection of Nuclear Facilities in Conflict","description":"Speakers highlighted the region’s history of attacks and sabotage against nuclear facilities and the resulting safety, security, and cross-border radiological risks. They questioned whether international standards and institutions can adequately protect facilities throughout their operating lifetimes."}],"words":[{"text":"Recently,","start":2185.19,"end":2185.75},{"text":"in","start":2185.75,"end":2185.91},{"text":"2023,","start":2186.11,"end":2186.87},{"text":"Egypt","start":2187.35,"end":2187.71},{"text":"acceded","start":2187.71,"end":2188.19},{"text":"to","start":2188.19,"end":2188.31},{"text":"the","start":2188.31,"end":2188.43},{"text":"Convention","start":2188.43,"end":2189.19},{"text":"on","start":2189.19,"end":2189.39},{"text":"Nuclear","start":2189.39,"end":2189.75},{"text":"Safety,","start":2189.75,"end":2190.31},{"text":"reaffirming","start":2191.27,"end":2192.07},{"text":"its","start":2192.07,"end":2192.31},{"text":"firm","start":2192.31,"end":2192.55},{"text":"commitment","start":2192.55,"end":2193.27},{"text":"to","start":2193.35,"end":2193.55},{"text":"the","start":2193.55,"end":2193.67},{"text":"highest","start":2193.67,"end":2194.15},{"text":"international","start":2194.15,"end":2194.87},{"text":"standards","start":2194.87,"end":2195.59},{"text":"of","start":2195.83,"end":2196.07},{"text":"nuclear","start":2196.07,"end":2196.47},{"text":"safety.","start":2196.47,"end":2196.95}]},{"text":"Following its accession, Egypt actively engaged in its first Conventions peer review process within the 10th Review Meeting, which concluded its work last week in Vienna.","start":2198.31,"end":2211.59,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Following","start":2198.31,"end":2198.71},{"text":"its","start":2198.71,"end":2198.87},{"text":"accession,","start":2198.87,"end":2199.51},{"text":"Egypt","start":2200.15,"end":2200.47},{"text":"actively","start":2200.47,"end":2201.15},{"text":"engaged","start":2201.15,"end":2201.71},{"text":"in","start":2201.71,"end":2201.91},{"text":"its","start":2201.91,"end":2202.15},{"text":"first","start":2202.15,"end":2202.47},{"text":"Conventions","start":2202.47,"end":2203.43},{"text":"peer","start":2203.67,"end":2203.95},{"text":"review","start":2203.95,"end":2204.31},{"text":"process","start":2204.31,"end":2204.95},{"text":"within","start":2206.07,"end":2206.47},{"text":"the","start":2206.47,"end":2206.59},{"text":"10th","start":2206.59,"end":2207.03},{"text":"Review","start":2207.03,"end":2207.43},{"text":"Meeting,","start":2207.43,"end":2207.95},{"text":"which","start":2207.95,"end":2208.23},{"text":"concluded","start":2208.23,"end":2209.03},{"text":"its","start":2209.67,"end":2210.07},{"text":"work","start":2210.07,"end":2210.39},{"text":"last","start":2210.39,"end":2210.71},{"text":"week","start":2210.71,"end":2210.95},{"text":"in","start":2210.95,"end":2211.11},{"text":"Vienna.","start":2211.11,"end":2211.59}]},{"text":"Egypt continues to implement all its nuclear activities under its comprehensive safeguards agreement with the IAEA, ensuring full transparency and adherence to respective international obligations.","start":2214.07,"end":2228.07,"topics":[{"key":"nuclear-safeguards-compliance","label":"Nuclear Safeguards and Non-Proliferation","description":"Speakers discussed comprehensive IAEA safeguards, the Additional Protocol, transparency, and universal participation in the NPT framework. They also examined enrichment ambitions, fuel-supply assurances, and the effectiveness of institutions in preventing proliferation."}],"words":[{"text":"Egypt","start":2214.07,"end":2214.31},{"text":"continues","start":2214.31,"end":2214.83},{"text":"to","start":2214.83,"end":2214.95},{"text":"implement","start":2214.95,"end":2215.59},{"text":"all","start":2215.59,"end":2215.99},{"text":"its","start":2215.99,"end":2216.23},{"text":"nuclear","start":2216.23,"end":2216.63},{"text":"activities","start":2216.63,"end":2217.43},{"text":"under","start":2217.51,"end":2217.91},{"text":"its","start":2217.91,"end":2218.15},{"text":"comprehensive","start":2218.15,"end":2218.83},{"text":"safeguards","start":2218.83,"end":2219.51},{"text":"agreement","start":2219.51,"end":2220.15},{"text":"with","start":2220.31,"end":2220.59},{"text":"the","start":2220.59,"end":2220.67},{"text":"IAEA,","start":2220.71,"end":2221.51},{"text":"ensuring","start":2222.11,"end":2222.63},{"text":"full","start":2222.63,"end":2222.95},{"text":"transparency","start":2222.95,"end":2223.83},{"text":"and","start":2223.83,"end":2224.03},{"text":"adherence","start":2224.03,"end":2224.71},{"text":"to","start":2225.03,"end":2225.15},{"text":"respective","start":2225.15,"end":2225.91},{"text":"international","start":2225.91,"end":2226.79},{"text":"obligations.","start":2227.43,"end":2228.07}]},{"text":"Now, on the question of security and the protection of nuclear facilities in the Middle East, I would like to share a couple of words from a regional perspective on the situation of nuclear facilities in the context of armed conflict.","start":2229.91,"end":2244.47,"topics":[{"key":"nuclear-facility-protection","label":"Protection of Nuclear Facilities in Conflict","description":"Speakers highlighted the region’s history of attacks and sabotage against nuclear facilities and the resulting safety, security, and cross-border radiological risks. They questioned whether international standards and institutions can adequately protect facilities throughout their operating lifetimes."}],"words":[{"text":"Now,","start":2229.91,"end":2230.23},{"text":"on","start":2230.23,"end":2230.39},{"text":"the","start":2230.39,"end":2230.47},{"text":"question","start":2230.47,"end":2230.87},{"text":"of","start":2230.87,"end":2230.95},{"text":"security","start":2230.95,"end":2231.83},{"text":"and","start":2231.83,"end":2232.03},{"text":"the","start":2232.03,"end":2232.11},{"text":"protection","start":2232.11,"end":2232.63},{"text":"of","start":2232.63,"end":2232.71},{"text":"nuclear","start":2232.71,"end":2233.07},{"text":"facilities","start":2233.07,"end":2233.83},{"text":"in","start":2233.91,"end":2234.31},{"text":"the","start":2234.39,"end":2234.59},{"text":"Middle","start":2234.63,"end":2234.87},{"text":"East,","start":2234.87,"end":2235.27},{"text":"I","start":2236.55,"end":2236.71},{"text":"would","start":2236.71,"end":2236.87},{"text":"like","start":2236.87,"end":2237.11},{"text":"to","start":2237.11,"end":2237.23},{"text":"share","start":2237.23,"end":2237.75},{"text":"a","start":2237.83,"end":2237.87},{"text":"couple","start":2237.87,"end":2238.15},{"text":"of","start":2238.15,"end":2238.27},{"text":"words","start":2238.27,"end":2238.63},{"text":"from","start":2238.63,"end":2238.79},{"text":"a","start":2238.79,"end":2238.83},{"text":"regional","start":2238.83,"end":2239.19},{"text":"perspective","start":2239.19,"end":2239.83},{"text":"on","start":2240.47,"end":2240.71},{"text":"the","start":2240.71,"end":2240.83},{"text":"situation","start":2240.83,"end":2241.35},{"text":"of","start":2241.35,"end":2241.47},{"text":"nuclear","start":2241.47,"end":2241.79},{"text":"facilities","start":2241.79,"end":2242.39},{"text":"in","start":2242.39,"end":2242.47},{"text":"the","start":2242.47,"end":2242.59},{"text":"context","start":2242.59,"end":2243.19},{"text":"of","start":2243.43,"end":2243.59},{"text":"armed","start":2243.59,"end":2243.87},{"text":"conflict.","start":2243.87,"end":2244.47}]},{"text":"This is an issue that the General Conference of the IAEA has repeatedly paid attention to.","start":2246.15,"end":2251.27,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":2246.15,"end":2246.35},{"text":"is","start":2246.35,"end":2246.47},{"text":"an","start":2246.47,"end":2246.63},{"text":"issue","start":2246.63,"end":2247.03},{"text":"that","start":2247.03,"end":2247.23},{"text":"the","start":2247.23,"end":2247.35},{"text":"General","start":2247.35,"end":2247.75},{"text":"Conference","start":2247.75,"end":2248.23},{"text":"of","start":2248.23,"end":2248.39},{"text":"the","start":2248.39,"end":2248.51},{"text":"IAEA","start":2248.55,"end":2249.35},{"text":"has","start":2249.35,"end":2249.59},{"text":"repeatedly","start":2249.59,"end":2250.31},{"text":"paid","start":2250.31,"end":2250.63},{"text":"attention","start":2250.63,"end":2251.11},{"text":"to.","start":2251.11,"end":2251.27}]},{"text":"In this context, And bearing in mind the position of international law and norms, as well as the general principles and purposes of the NPT itself, Egypt underscores the grave risks associated with targeting nuclear power facilities, where nuclear accidents pose the highest cross-border radiological risks and a plethora of humanitarian, health, and environmental grave consequences.","start":2253.03,"end":2282.43,"topics":[{"key":"nuclear-facility-protection","label":"Protection of Nuclear Facilities in Conflict","description":"Speakers highlighted the region’s history of attacks and sabotage against nuclear facilities and the resulting safety, security, and cross-border radiological risks. They questioned whether international standards and institutions can adequately protect facilities throughout their operating lifetimes."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":2253.03,"end":2253.19},{"text":"this","start":2253.19,"end":2253.35},{"text":"context,","start":2253.35,"end":2254.15},{"text":"And","start":2254.75,"end":2254.87},{"text":"bearing","start":2254.87,"end":2255.39},{"text":"in","start":2255.39,"end":2255.51},{"text":"mind","start":2255.51,"end":2255.83},{"text":"the","start":2255.83,"end":2255.95},{"text":"position","start":2255.95,"end":2256.43},{"text":"of","start":2256.43,"end":2256.59},{"text":"international","start":2256.59,"end":2257.27},{"text":"law","start":2257.27,"end":2257.63},{"text":"and","start":2257.63,"end":2257.83},{"text":"norms,","start":2257.83,"end":2258.59},{"text":"as","start":2258.99,"end":2259.23},{"text":"well","start":2259.23,"end":2259.47},{"text":"as","start":2259.47,"end":2259.63},{"text":"the","start":2259.63,"end":2259.75},{"text":"general","start":2259.75,"end":2260.11},{"text":"principles","start":2260.11,"end":2260.75},{"text":"and","start":2260.75,"end":2260.91},{"text":"purposes","start":2260.91,"end":2261.39},{"text":"of","start":2261.39,"end":2261.55},{"text":"the","start":2261.55,"end":2261.63},{"text":"NPT","start":2261.63,"end":2262.15},{"text":"itself,","start":2262.15,"end":2262.67},{"text":"Egypt","start":2263.87,"end":2264.27},{"text":"underscores","start":2264.27,"end":2264.99},{"text":"the","start":2264.99,"end":2265.19},{"text":"grave","start":2265.19,"end":2265.63},{"text":"risks","start":2265.63,"end":2266.27},{"text":"associated","start":2266.27,"end":2266.99},{"text":"with","start":2267.31,"end":2267.55},{"text":"targeting","start":2267.55,"end":2268.11},{"text":"nuclear","start":2268.11,"end":2268.51},{"text":"power","start":2268.51,"end":2268.75},{"text":"facilities,","start":2268.75,"end":2269.63},{"text":"where","start":2269.95,"end":2270.19},{"text":"nuclear","start":2270.19,"end":2270.67},{"text":"accidents","start":2270.67,"end":2271.31},{"text":"pose","start":2271.31,"end":2271.59},{"text":"the","start":2271.59,"end":2271.79},{"text":"highest","start":2271.79,"end":2272.43},{"text":"cross-border","start":2272.91,"end":2273.87},{"text":"radiological","start":2274.11,"end":2274.83},{"text":"risks","start":2274.83,"end":2275.47},{"text":"and","start":2276.11,"end":2276.47},{"text":"a","start":2276.59,"end":2276.63},{"text":"plethora","start":2276.63,"end":2277.27},{"text":"of","start":2277.27,"end":2277.55},{"text":"humanitarian,","start":2277.55,"end":2278.43},{"text":"health,","start":2278.51,"end":2278.99},{"text":"and","start":2279.47,"end":2279.79},{"text":"environmental","start":2279.79,"end":2280.83},{"text":"grave","start":2281.07,"end":2281.47},{"text":"consequences.","start":2281.47,"end":2282.43}]},{"text":"In this context, Egypt stresses the importance of all countries in the Middle East placing their nuclear facilities under full-scope IAEA safeguards as a key measure to enhancing transparency, building confidence, and ensuring the full effectiveness of non-proliferation regime in our region.","start":2285.63,"end":2311.79,"topics":[{"key":"nuclear-safeguards-compliance","label":"Nuclear Safeguards and Non-Proliferation","description":"Speakers discussed comprehensive IAEA safeguards, the Additional Protocol, transparency, and universal participation in the NPT framework. They also examined enrichment ambitions, fuel-supply assurances, and the effectiveness of institutions in preventing proliferation."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":2285.63,"end":2285.79},{"text":"this","start":2285.79,"end":2286.27},{"text":"context,","start":2286.83,"end":2287.55},{"text":"Egypt","start":2289.55,"end":2289.87},{"text":"stresses","start":2289.87,"end":2290.35},{"text":"the","start":2290.35,"end":2290.47},{"text":"importance","start":2290.47,"end":2291.11},{"text":"of","start":2291.11,"end":2291.39},{"text":"all","start":2291.75,"end":2292.11},{"text":"countries","start":2292.11,"end":2292.63},{"text":"in","start":2292.63,"end":2292.75},{"text":"the","start":2292.75,"end":2292.87},{"text":"Middle","start":2292.87,"end":2293.15},{"text":"East","start":2293.15,"end":2293.59},{"text":"placing","start":2294.59,"end":2294.99},{"text":"their","start":2294.99,"end":2295.15},{"text":"nuclear","start":2295.15,"end":2295.55},{"text":"facilities","start":2295.55,"end":2296.35},{"text":"under","start":2296.43,"end":2296.75},{"text":"full-scope","start":2296.75,"end":2297.87},{"text":"IAEA","start":2298.43,"end":2299.15},{"text":"safeguards","start":2299.15,"end":2300.03},{"text":"as","start":2300.59,"end":2300.83},{"text":"a","start":2300.91,"end":2300.95},{"text":"key","start":2300.95,"end":2301.55},{"text":"measure","start":2301.63,"end":2302.27},{"text":"to","start":2302.27,"end":2302.51},{"text":"enhancing","start":2302.51,"end":2303.31},{"text":"transparency,","start":2303.31,"end":2304.19},{"text":"building","start":2304.67,"end":2305.11},{"text":"confidence,","start":2305.11,"end":2305.95},{"text":"and","start":2306.19,"end":2306.39},{"text":"ensuring","start":2306.39,"end":2306.91},{"text":"the","start":2306.91,"end":2307.03},{"text":"full","start":2307.03,"end":2307.39},{"text":"effectiveness","start":2307.39,"end":2308.35},{"text":"of","start":2308.59,"end":2308.75},{"text":"non-proliferation","start":2308.75,"end":2309.71},{"text":"regime","start":2309.71,"end":2310.35},{"text":"in","start":2310.59,"end":2310.99},{"text":"our","start":2311.07,"end":2311.19},{"text":"region.","start":2311.23,"end":2311.79}]},{"text":"In this context, we consistently advance this objective through our annual draft resolution at the IAEA General Conference on the application of IAEA safeguards in the Middle East, as well as through our long-standing initiative at the United Nations General Assembly on the establishment of a nuclear-weapon-free zone in the region.","start":2313.47,"end":2338.83,"topics":[{"key":"nuclear-safeguards-compliance","label":"Nuclear Safeguards and Non-Proliferation","description":"Speakers discussed comprehensive IAEA safeguards, the Additional Protocol, transparency, and universal participation in the NPT framework. They also examined enrichment ambitions, fuel-supply assurances, and the effectiveness of institutions in preventing proliferation."},{"key":"middle-east-wmd-zone","label":"Middle East WMD-Free Zone","description":"Speakers considered how a zone free of nuclear weapons and other weapons of mass destruction could support peaceful nuclear cooperation and regional trust. Discussion also addressed how expanding nuclear capabilities might shape the zone’s provisions on fuel-cycle activities, safety, and verification."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":2313.47,"end":2313.63},{"text":"this","start":2313.63,"end":2313.79},{"text":"context,","start":2313.79,"end":2314.43},{"text":"we","start":2315.39,"end":2315.55},{"text":"consistently","start":2315.55,"end":2317.55},{"text":"advance","start":2317.55,"end":2318.11},{"text":"this","start":2318.11,"end":2318.43},{"text":"objective","start":2318.43,"end":2318.99},{"text":"through","start":2318.99,"end":2319.47},{"text":"our","start":2319.63,"end":2319.79},{"text":"annual","start":2319.79,"end":2320.51},{"text":"draft","start":2320.83,"end":2321.23},{"text":"resolution","start":2321.23,"end":2321.95},{"text":"at","start":2322.27,"end":2322.47},{"text":"the","start":2322.47,"end":2322.63},{"text":"IAEA","start":2322.67,"end":2323.23},{"text":"General","start":2323.23,"end":2323.71},{"text":"Conference","start":2323.71,"end":2324.43},{"text":"on","start":2324.67,"end":2324.83},{"text":"the","start":2324.83,"end":2324.95},{"text":"application","start":2324.99,"end":2325.71},{"text":"of","start":2325.71,"end":2325.87},{"text":"IAEA","start":2325.95,"end":2326.59},{"text":"safeguards","start":2326.59,"end":2327.31},{"text":"in","start":2327.31,"end":2327.39},{"text":"the","start":2327.39,"end":2327.47},{"text":"Middle","start":2327.47,"end":2327.71},{"text":"East,","start":2327.71,"end":2328.11},{"text":"as","start":2329.39,"end":2329.63},{"text":"well","start":2329.63,"end":2329.79},{"text":"as","start":2329.79,"end":2330.03},{"text":"through","start":2330.03,"end":2330.43},{"text":"our","start":2330.83,"end":2330.95},{"text":"long-standing","start":2330.99,"end":2331.95},{"text":"initiative","start":2331.95,"end":2332.51},{"text":"at","start":2332.51,"end":2332.67},{"text":"the","start":2332.67,"end":2332.75},{"text":"United","start":2332.75,"end":2333.11},{"text":"Nations","start":2333.11,"end":2333.47},{"text":"General","start":2333.47,"end":2333.79},{"text":"Assembly","start":2333.79,"end":2334.43},{"text":"on","start":2334.83,"end":2334.99},{"text":"the","start":2334.99,"end":2335.11},{"text":"establishment","start":2335.15,"end":2335.95},{"text":"of","start":2335.95,"end":2336.19},{"text":"a","start":2336.19,"end":2336.23},{"text":"nuclear-weapon-free","start":2336.23,"end":2337.31},{"text":"zone","start":2337.31,"end":2337.79},{"text":"in","start":2338.03,"end":2338.27},{"text":"the","start":2338.27,"end":2338.35},{"text":"region.","start":2338.35,"end":2338.83}]},{"text":"and the annual draft resolution in this regard.","start":2339.95,"end":2342.39,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"and","start":2339.95,"end":2340.07},{"text":"the","start":2340.07,"end":2340.15},{"text":"annual","start":2340.15,"end":2340.51},{"text":"draft","start":2340.51,"end":2340.83},{"text":"resolution","start":2340.83,"end":2341.55},{"text":"in","start":2341.71,"end":2341.83},{"text":"this","start":2341.83,"end":2342.03},{"text":"regard.","start":2342.03,"end":2342.39}]},{"text":"We would like to highlight and underscore here the particular importance we attach to the United Nations Conference on the Establishment of a Middle East Zone Free of Nuclear Weapons and Other Weapons of Mass Destruction, established pursuant to decision 73/546 of the General Assembly in 2018.","start":2347.15,"end":2368.91,"topics":[{"key":"middle-east-wmd-zone","label":"Middle East WMD-Free Zone","description":"Speakers considered how a zone free of nuclear weapons and other weapons of mass destruction could support peaceful nuclear cooperation and regional trust. Discussion also addressed how expanding nuclear capabilities might shape the zone’s provisions on fuel-cycle activities, safety, and verification."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":2347.15,"end":2347.35},{"text":"would","start":2347.35,"end":2347.47},{"text":"like","start":2347.47,"end":2347.79},{"text":"to","start":2347.79,"end":2347.99},{"text":"highlight","start":2348.59,"end":2349.27},{"text":"and","start":2349.27,"end":2349.43},{"text":"underscore","start":2349.43,"end":2349.95},{"text":"here","start":2349.95,"end":2350.27},{"text":"the","start":2350.27,"end":2350.35},{"text":"particular","start":2350.35,"end":2350.91},{"text":"importance","start":2350.91,"end":2351.47},{"text":"we","start":2351.47,"end":2351.63},{"text":"attach","start":2351.63,"end":2351.99},{"text":"to","start":2351.99,"end":2352.19},{"text":"the","start":2352.19,"end":2352.27},{"text":"United","start":2352.27,"end":2352.71},{"text":"Nations","start":2352.71,"end":2353.07},{"text":"Conference","start":2353.07,"end":2353.79},{"text":"on","start":2354.03,"end":2354.19},{"text":"the","start":2354.19,"end":2354.31},{"text":"Establishment","start":2354.35,"end":2355.15},{"text":"of","start":2355.15,"end":2355.31},{"text":"a","start":2355.31,"end":2355.39},{"text":"Middle","start":2355.39,"end":2355.71},{"text":"East","start":2355.71,"end":2356.11},{"text":"Zone","start":2356.35,"end":2356.83},{"text":"Free","start":2357.07,"end":2357.47},{"text":"of","start":2357.55,"end":2357.71},{"text":"Nuclear","start":2357.71,"end":2358.11},{"text":"Weapons","start":2358.11,"end":2358.75},{"text":"and","start":2358.91,"end":2359.11},{"text":"Other","start":2359.11,"end":2359.39},{"text":"Weapons","start":2359.39,"end":2359.79},{"text":"of","start":2359.79,"end":2359.87},{"text":"Mass","start":2359.87,"end":2360.15},{"text":"Destruction,","start":2360.15,"end":2360.91},{"text":"established","start":2361.23,"end":2361.79},{"text":"pursuant","start":2361.79,"end":2362.31},{"text":"to","start":2362.31,"end":2362.39},{"text":"decision","start":2362.39,"end":2362.99},{"text":"73/546","start":2363.31,"end":2366.11},{"text":"of","start":2366.59,"end":2366.75},{"text":"the","start":2366.75,"end":2366.83},{"text":"General","start":2366.83,"end":2367.15},{"text":"Assembly","start":2367.15,"end":2367.63},{"text":"in","start":2367.63,"end":2367.87},{"text":"2018.","start":2367.87,"end":2368.91}]},{"text":"The conference aims at elaborating a legally binding treaty establishing such a zone.","start":2371.99,"end":2378.07,"topics":[{"key":"middle-east-wmd-zone","label":"Middle East WMD-Free Zone","description":"Speakers considered how a zone free of nuclear weapons and other weapons of mass destruction could support peaceful nuclear cooperation and regional trust. Discussion also addressed how expanding nuclear capabilities might shape the zone’s provisions on fuel-cycle activities, safety, and verification."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2371.99,"end":2372.15},{"text":"conference","start":2372.15,"end":2372.71},{"text":"aims","start":2372.71,"end":2373.03},{"text":"at","start":2373.03,"end":2373.19},{"text":"elaborating","start":2373.19,"end":2373.83},{"text":"a","start":2373.91,"end":2373.95},{"text":"legally","start":2373.95,"end":2374.31},{"text":"binding","start":2374.31,"end":2374.87},{"text":"treaty","start":2374.87,"end":2375.43},{"text":"establishing","start":2375.91,"end":2376.95},{"text":"such","start":2377.03,"end":2377.51},{"text":"a","start":2377.59,"end":2377.67},{"text":"zone.","start":2377.67,"end":2378.07}]},{"text":"And I would like to conclude by mentioning that during the deliberations of that conference, the fourth and fifth session of the conference, addressed the dimension of peaceful uses.","start":2380.23,"end":2391.67,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-nuclear-access","label":"Access to Peaceful Nuclear Technology","description":"Discussion emphasized the NPT right to peaceful nuclear uses and the developmental benefits of nuclear technology. Speakers addressed equitable access, export restrictions, and whether conditions on nuclear cooperation unduly constrain national programs."},{"key":"middle-east-wmd-zone","label":"Middle East WMD-Free Zone","description":"Speakers considered how a zone free of nuclear weapons and other weapons of mass destruction could support peaceful nuclear cooperation and regional trust. Discussion also addressed how expanding nuclear capabilities might shape the zone’s provisions on fuel-cycle activities, safety, and verification."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":2380.23,"end":2380.43},{"text":"I","start":2380.43,"end":2380.47},{"text":"would","start":2380.47,"end":2380.63},{"text":"like","start":2380.63,"end":2380.79},{"text":"to","start":2380.79,"end":2380.87},{"text":"conclude","start":2380.87,"end":2381.35},{"text":"by","start":2381.35,"end":2381.67},{"text":"mentioning","start":2381.67,"end":2382.31},{"text":"that","start":2382.31,"end":2382.71},{"text":"during","start":2382.87,"end":2383.19},{"text":"the","start":2383.19,"end":2383.31},{"text":"deliberations","start":2383.31,"end":2384.15},{"text":"of","start":2384.15,"end":2384.43},{"text":"that","start":2384.43,"end":2384.71},{"text":"conference,","start":2384.71,"end":2385.23},{"text":"the","start":2385.23,"end":2385.35},{"text":"fourth","start":2385.35,"end":2385.71},{"text":"and","start":2385.83,"end":2386.15},{"text":"fifth","start":2386.23,"end":2386.43},{"text":"session","start":2386.43,"end":2386.87},{"text":"of","start":2386.87,"end":2386.95},{"text":"the","start":2386.95,"end":2387.07},{"text":"conference,","start":2387.07,"end":2387.67},{"text":"addressed","start":2389.11,"end":2389.67},{"text":"the","start":2389.75,"end":2389.95},{"text":"dimension","start":2389.95,"end":2390.47},{"text":"of","start":2390.47,"end":2390.63},{"text":"peaceful","start":2390.63,"end":2391.11},{"text":"uses.","start":2391.11,"end":2391.67}]},{"text":"The discussions reflected the growing interest in nuclear-generated power and aspirations in arrangements that allow regional integration and partnerships.","start":2392.47,"end":2403.11,"topics":[{"key":"regional-nuclear-cooperation","label":"Regional Nuclear Cooperation","description":"Participants explored scientific collaboration, shared electricity supplies, and joint nuclear projects as mechanisms for regional integration and confidence-building. Debate focused on whether such cooperation can overcome political divisions and competing notions of sovereignty and security."},{"key":"nuclear-energy-drivers","label":"Drivers of Nuclear Energy Expansion","description":"Speakers examined renewed interest in nuclear power in the Middle East, driven by energy security, rising electricity demand, desalination needs, and anticipated AI and data-center growth. They also debated nuclear power’s role in decarbonization and diversified energy mixes alongside renewables."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2392.47,"end":2392.59},{"text":"discussions","start":2392.59,"end":2393.19},{"text":"reflected","start":2393.19,"end":2393.75},{"text":"the","start":2393.99,"end":2394.15},{"text":"growing","start":2394.15,"end":2394.55},{"text":"interest","start":2394.55,"end":2395.11},{"text":"in","start":2395.11,"end":2395.23},{"text":"nuclear-generated","start":2395.23,"end":2396.11},{"text":"power","start":2396.11,"end":2396.55},{"text":"and","start":2397.11,"end":2397.31},{"text":"aspirations","start":2397.31,"end":2398.23},{"text":"in","start":2398.63,"end":2398.71},{"text":"arrangements","start":2398.71,"end":2399.59},{"text":"that","start":2399.83,"end":2400.07},{"text":"allow","start":2400.31,"end":2400.71},{"text":"regional","start":2400.71,"end":2401.11},{"text":"integration","start":2401.11,"end":2401.99},{"text":"and","start":2402.15,"end":2402.35},{"text":"partnerships.","start":2402.35,"end":2403.11}]},{"text":"There was general agreement among the members of the conference that establishing a zone will be a monumental step that open wide and promising horizons to nuclear energy in the Middle East.","start":2405.11,"end":2421.03,"topics":[{"key":"middle-east-wmd-zone","label":"Middle East WMD-Free Zone","description":"Speakers considered how a zone free of nuclear weapons and other weapons of mass destruction could support peaceful nuclear cooperation and regional trust. 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Speakers addressed equitable access, export restrictions, and whether conditions on nuclear cooperation unduly constrain national programs."}],"words":[{"text":"There","start":2405.11,"end":2405.35},{"text":"was","start":2405.35,"end":2405.55},{"text":"general","start":2405.55,"end":2405.91},{"text":"agreement","start":2405.91,"end":2406.59},{"text":"among","start":2406.67,"end":2406.95},{"text":"the","start":2406.95,"end":2407.11},{"text":"members","start":2407.11,"end":2407.47},{"text":"of","start":2407.47,"end":2407.59},{"text":"the","start":2407.59,"end":2407.67},{"text":"conference","start":2407.67,"end":2408.39},{"text":"that","start":2408.55,"end":2408.79},{"text":"establishing","start":2408.79,"end":2409.47},{"text":"a","start":2409.47,"end":2409.51},{"text":"zone","start":2409.51,"end":2410.15},{"text":"will","start":2410.79,"end":2411.07},{"text":"be","start":2411.07,"end":2411.35},{"text":"a","start":2411.35,"end":2411.67},{"text":"monumental","start":2413.19,"end":2413.99},{"text":"step","start":2413.99,"end":2414.31},{"text":"that","start":2414.63,"end":2414.95},{"text":"open","start":2414.95,"end":2415.27},{"text":"wide","start":2415.27,"end":2415.91},{"text":"and","start":2416.23,"end":2416.39},{"text":"promising","start":2416.39,"end":2416.95},{"text":"horizons","start":2416.95,"end":2417.67},{"text":"to","start":2417.67,"end":2417.75},{"text":"nuclear","start":2417.75,"end":2418.15},{"text":"energy","start":2418.15,"end":2418.63},{"text":"in","start":2419.99,"end":2420.19},{"text":"the","start":2420.19,"end":2420.27},{"text":"Middle","start":2420.27,"end":2420.55},{"text":"East.","start":2420.55,"end":2421.03}]},{"text":"in a context of mutual trust and enhanced peace and security of a zone free of nuclear weapons.","start":2422.31,"end":2429.19,"topics":[{"key":"middle-east-wmd-zone","label":"Middle East WMD-Free Zone","description":"Speakers considered how a zone free of nuclear weapons and other weapons of mass destruction could support peaceful nuclear cooperation and regional trust. 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much.","start":2430.03,"end":2431.03,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":2430.03,"end":2430.15},{"text":"I","start":2430.15,"end":2430.23},{"text":"thank","start":2430.23,"end":2430.47},{"text":"you","start":2430.47,"end":2430.55},{"text":"very","start":2430.55,"end":2430.79},{"text":"much.","start":2430.87,"end":2431.03}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"EGY","group":null,"function":"Permanent Representative to the UN; Head of delegation to the NPT Review Conference","affiliation_full":"Egypt"}},{"statement_number":7,"start":2433.35,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1e/k1ezck5nl2?t=40:34","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you.","start":2433.35,"end":2433.67,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":2433.35,"end":2433.55},{"text":"you.","start":2433.55,"end":2433.67}]},{"text":"Thank you very much, Ambassador Mustafa.","start":2433.67,"end":2435.55,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":2433.67,"end":2433.91},{"text":"you","start":2433.91,"end":2433.99},{"text":"very","start":2433.99,"end":2434.15},{"text":"much,","start":2434.15,"end":2434.39},{"text":"Ambassador","start":2434.39,"end":2434.87},{"text":"Mustafa.","start":2434.87,"end":2435.55}]},{"text":"And we will now turn to our esteemed colleagues from outside of the region.","start":2435.55,"end":2438.87,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":2435.55,"end":2435.67},{"text":"we","start":2435.67,"end":2435.75},{"text":"will","start":2435.75,"end":2435.87},{"text":"now","start":2435.87,"end":2436.07},{"text":"turn","start":2436.07,"end":2436.39},{"text":"to","start":2436.39,"end":2436.51},{"text":"our","start":2436.51,"end":2436.63},{"text":"esteemed","start":2436.63,"end":2436.95},{"text":"colleagues","start":2436.95,"end":2437.35},{"text":"from","start":2437.35,"end":2437.67},{"text":"outside","start":2437.75,"end":2438.19},{"text":"of","start":2438.19,"end":2438.31},{"text":"the","start":2438.31,"end":2438.39},{"text":"region.","start":2438.39,"end":2438.87}]},{"text":"First, I'm pleased to introduce our next speaker, Mr. ***** Kamishima, a Senior Coordinator Officer at the IAEA Director General's Office.","start":2439.11,"end":2449.35,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"First,","start":2439.11,"end":2439.55},{"text":"I'm","start":2439.55,"end":2439.75},{"text":"pleased","start":2439.75,"end":2440.19},{"text":"to","start":2440.19,"end":2440.55},{"text":"introduce","start":2440.95,"end":2441.43},{"text":"our","start":2441.43,"end":2441.59},{"text":"next","start":2441.59,"end":2442.31},{"text":"speaker,","start":2442.55,"end":2443.03},{"text":"Mr.","start":2443.03,"end":2443.43},{"text":"*****","start":2443.43,"end":2443.83},{"text":"Kamishima,","start":2443.83,"end":2444.55},{"text":"a","start":2445.11,"end":2445.15},{"text":"Senior","start":2445.15,"end":2445.51},{"text":"Coordinator","start":2445.51,"end":2446.11},{"text":"Officer","start":2446.11,"end":2446.79},{"text":"at","start":2447.11,"end":2447.47},{"text":"the","start":2447.47,"end":2447.55},{"text":"IAEA","start":2447.55,"end":2448.03},{"text":"Director","start":2448.03,"end":2448.39},{"text":"General's","start":2448.39,"end":2448.91},{"text":"Office.","start":2448.91,"end":2449.35}]},{"text":"Please, Mr. Kamishima.","start":2449.35,"end":2450.59,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Please,","start":2449.35,"end":2449.67},{"text":"Mr.","start":2449.91,"end":2450.19},{"text":"Kamishima.","start":2450.19,"end":2450.59}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"UNIDIR","group":null,"function":"Moderator","affiliation_full":"UNIDIR"}},{"statement_number":8,"start":2451.39,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1e/k1ezck5nl2?t=40:52","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you very much for the introduction.","start":2451.39,"end":2452.79,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":2451.39,"end":2451.51},{"text":"you","start":2451.51,"end":2451.59},{"text":"very","start":2451.59,"end":2451.75},{"text":"much","start":2451.75,"end":2451.99},{"text":"for","start":2451.99,"end":2452.11},{"text":"the","start":2452.11,"end":2452.19},{"text":"introduction.","start":2452.19,"end":2452.79}]},{"text":"So let me start by thanking UNIDEO and European Union for convening this timely and important discussion.","start":2453.83,"end":2463.47,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":2453.83,"end":2454.07},{"text":"let","start":2454.07,"end":2454.23},{"text":"me","start":2454.23,"end":2454.39},{"text":"start","start":2454.39,"end":2454.71},{"text":"by","start":2454.71,"end":2455.07},{"text":"thanking","start":2455.07,"end":2455.83},{"text":"UNIDEO","start":2455.83,"end":2456.95},{"text":"and","start":2457.11,"end":2457.75},{"text":"European","start":2458.07,"end":2458.63},{"text":"Union","start":2458.63,"end":2459.03},{"text":"for","start":2459.03,"end":2459.59},{"text":"convening","start":2460.07,"end":2460.63},{"text":"this","start":2460.63,"end":2460.87},{"text":"timely","start":2460.87,"end":2461.51},{"text":"and","start":2461.59,"end":2461.95},{"text":"important","start":2462.23,"end":2462.91},{"text":"discussion.","start":2462.91,"end":2463.47}]},{"text":"Excellencies, ladies and gentlemen, since the last review conference, we have witnessed significant developments in the global nuclear 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the Middle East, interest in nuclear energy is expanding at different stages.","start":2719.51,"end":2725.51,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Across","start":2719.51,"end":2719.87},{"text":"the","start":2719.87,"end":2719.99},{"text":"Middle","start":2719.99,"end":2720.23},{"text":"East,","start":2720.23,"end":2720.55},{"text":"interest","start":2720.95,"end":2721.51},{"text":"in","start":2721.51,"end":2721.71},{"text":"nuclear","start":2721.71,"end":2722.19},{"text":"energy","start":2722.23,"end":2722.63},{"text":"is","start":2722.79,"end":2722.95},{"text":"expanding","start":2722.95,"end":2723.67},{"text":"at","start":2723.67,"end":2723.99},{"text":"different","start":2724.31,"end":2724.83},{"text":"stages.","start":2724.83,"end":2725.51}]},{"text":"Some countries are actively considering nuclear 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IAEA has been supporting these efforts through peer review, advisory services, and capacity building.","start":2750.59,"end":2758.11,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2750.59,"end":2750.71},{"text":"IAEA","start":2750.75,"end":2751.47},{"text":"has","start":2751.47,"end":2751.71},{"text":"been","start":2751.71,"end":2751.95},{"text":"supporting","start":2751.95,"end":2752.67},{"text":"these","start":2752.83,"end":2753.15},{"text":"efforts","start":2753.15,"end":2753.91},{"text":"through","start":2753.91,"end":2754.11},{"text":"peer","start":2754.27,"end":2754.63},{"text":"review,","start":2754.63,"end":2755.07},{"text":"advisory","start":2755.63,"end":2756.27},{"text":"services,","start":2756.27,"end":2756.99},{"text":"and","start":2756.99,"end":2757.15},{"text":"capacity","start":2757.15,"end":2757.75},{"text":"building.","start":2757.75,"end":2758.11}]},{"text":"including through the technical cooperation program, with a focus on ensuring that nuclear power programs are developed in a safe, secure, and sustainable 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ladies and gentlemen, what we are witnessing is not simply a revival of nuclear energy.","start":2769.95,"end":2778.03,"topics":[{"key":"nuclear-energy-drivers","label":"Drivers of Nuclear Energy Expansion","description":"Speakers examined renewed interest in nuclear power in the Middle East, driven by energy security, rising electricity demand, desalination needs, and anticipated AI and data-center growth. 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Debate focused on whether such cooperation can overcome political divisions and competing notions of sovereignty and security."}],"words":[{"text":"If","start":2789.97,"end":2790.29},{"text":"developed","start":2790.29,"end":2790.93},{"text":"responsibly,","start":2791.01,"end":2791.81},{"text":"nuclear","start":2791.89,"end":2792.53},{"text":"energy","start":2792.53,"end":2792.93},{"text":"can","start":2792.93,"end":2793.09},{"text":"support","start":2793.09,"end":2793.65},{"text":"sustainable","start":2793.73,"end":2794.57},{"text":"development,","start":2794.57,"end":2795.25},{"text":"strengthen","start":2795.65,"end":2796.29},{"text":"energy","start":2796.29,"end":2796.85},{"text":"resilience,","start":2796.93,"end":2797.89},{"text":"and","start":2798.21,"end":2798.49},{"text":"even","start":2798.49,"end":2798.85},{"text":"serve","start":2798.85,"end":2799.33},{"text":"as","start":2799.41,"end":2799.61},{"text":"a","start":2799.89,"end":2799.93},{"text":"platform","start":2799.93,"end":2800.61},{"text":"for","start":2800.61,"end":2801.01},{"text":"regional","start":2801.33,"end":2801.81},{"text":"cooperation.","start":2801.81,"end":2802.53}]},{"text":"But it also raises important challenges.","start":2803.41,"end":2806.45,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"But","start":2803.41,"end":2803.65},{"text":"it","start":2803.73,"end":2803.89},{"text":"also","start":2803.97,"end":2804.45},{"text":"raises","start":2804.45,"end":2805.01},{"text":"important","start":2805.09,"end":2805.77},{"text":"challenges.","start":2805.77,"end":2806.45}]},{"text":"The expansion of nuclear energy is taking place in a changing regional security environment, including ongoing and recent conflicts.","start":2810.17,"end":2819.93,"topics":[{"key":"nuclear-facility-protection","label":"Protection of Nuclear Facilities in Conflict","description":"Speakers highlighted the region’s history of attacks and sabotage against nuclear facilities and the resulting safety, security, and cross-border radiological risks. They questioned whether international standards and institutions can adequately protect facilities throughout their operating lifetimes."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2810.17,"end":2810.29},{"text":"expansion","start":2810.33,"end":2811.13},{"text":"of","start":2811.17,"end":2811.29},{"text":"nuclear","start":2811.29,"end":2811.93},{"text":"energy","start":2811.93,"end":2812.41},{"text":"is","start":2812.57,"end":2812.77},{"text":"taking","start":2812.77,"end":2813.13},{"text":"place","start":2813.13,"end":2813.61},{"text":"in","start":2813.69,"end":2813.97},{"text":"a","start":2813.97,"end":2814.01},{"text":"changing","start":2814.01,"end":2814.65},{"text":"regional","start":2814.65,"end":2815.13},{"text":"security","start":2815.13,"end":2815.65},{"text":"environment,","start":2815.65,"end":2816.29},{"text":"including","start":2816.41,"end":2817.13},{"text":"ongoing","start":2817.45,"end":2818.17},{"text":"and","start":2818.17,"end":2818.53},{"text":"recent","start":2818.53,"end":2819.05},{"text":"conflicts.","start":2819.21,"end":2819.93}]},{"text":"In this context, it is essential to ensure that nuclear energy program developed in a safe, secure, and peaceful manner while building confidence and trust.","start":2820.65,"end":2833.29,"topics":[{"key":"nuclear-safeguards-compliance","label":"Nuclear Safeguards and Non-Proliferation","description":"Speakers discussed comprehensive IAEA safeguards, the Additional Protocol, transparency, and universal participation in the NPT framework. 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They questioned whether international standards and institutions can adequately protect facilities throughout their operating lifetimes."}],"words":[{"text":"Second,","start":2862.77,"end":2863.09},{"text":"strong","start":2863.97,"end":2864.37},{"text":"safety","start":2864.45,"end":2865.01},{"text":"and","start":2865.01,"end":2865.17},{"text":"security","start":2865.17,"end":2865.73},{"text":"frameworks.","start":2865.73,"end":2866.45}]},{"text":"As nuclear programs expand, Ensuring the highest standards of nuclear safety and security becomes even more critical, particularly in regions affected by conflict.","start":2867.25,"end":2880.29,"topics":[{"key":"nuclear-facility-protection","label":"Protection of Nuclear Facilities in Conflict","description":"Speakers highlighted the region’s history of attacks and sabotage against nuclear facilities and the resulting safety, security, and cross-border radiological risks. 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IAEA stands ready to continue supporting its Member States in this vision as a technical, impartial and trusted partner in this 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navigating a new era, an era is a period of time, so we're thinking about time in the future of the nuclear Middle 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I want to focus on science, security, and time.","start":2975.29,"end":2977.97,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":2975.29,"end":2975.37},{"text":"I","start":2975.37,"end":2975.41},{"text":"want","start":2975.41,"end":2975.57},{"text":"to","start":2975.57,"end":2975.65},{"text":"focus","start":2975.65,"end":2976.01},{"text":"on","start":2976.01,"end":2976.21},{"text":"science,","start":2976.37,"end":2976.81},{"text":"security,","start":2976.81,"end":2977.37},{"text":"and","start":2977.37,"end":2977.53},{"text":"time.","start":2977.53,"end":2977.97}]},{"text":"And the first part of that is, it's worth thinking about when it comes to nuclear power reactors, what is an appropriate unit of time to think about when we have these 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once you decide to build it, it takes some amount of time to then raise financing, begin construction, complete construction, operate until it reaches the end of its operating life, unless there is a decision to extend its lifetime.","start":3008.21,"end":3024.85,"topics":[{"key":"nuclear-financing-economics","label":"Nuclear Financing and Economic Viability","description":"Participants discussed renewed engagement by development banks in nuclear financing, the costs and timelines of reactor construction, and supplier-backed investment. 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any presumption about the promise of nuclear energy and the institutions and all of this question The first question is, are you willing to bet that the next 75 years will be fundamentally different from the last 75 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if so, on what basis will you make this experiment, this judgment, this set of decisions?","start":3191.81,"end":3198.29,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":3191.81,"end":3192.05},{"text":"if","start":3192.05,"end":3192.17},{"text":"so,","start":3192.17,"end":3192.61},{"text":"on","start":3192.85,"end":3193.09},{"text":"what","start":3193.09,"end":3193.49},{"text":"basis","start":3193.49,"end":3194.21},{"text":"will","start":3194.37,"end":3194.61},{"text":"you","start":3194.61,"end":3194.77},{"text":"make","start":3194.77,"end":3195.09},{"text":"this","start":3195.09,"end":3195.25},{"text":"experiment,","start":3195.25,"end":3195.97},{"text":"this","start":3196.13,"end":3196.37},{"text":"judgment,","start":3196.37,"end":3197.01},{"text":"this","start":3197.17,"end":3197.37},{"text":"set","start":3197.37,"end":3197.57},{"text":"of","start":3197.57,"end":3197.65},{"text":"decisions?","start":3197.65,"end":3198.29}]},{"text":"You might choose to do so, but as a scientist, my first question is, what is the basis of reliable knowledge that you have that allows you to come to that 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do you understand to be the politics, economy, society, culture, national identities that will suddenly change that have not been there for all of this 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a question.","start":3222.85,"end":3223.65,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"It's","start":3222.85,"end":3223.09},{"text":"a","start":3223.09,"end":3223.17},{"text":"question.","start":3223.17,"end":3223.65}]},{"text":"The second question is that 75 years ago, 65 years ago, however you choose to start it, when we started talking about nuclear energy and expanding the number of nuclear power plants in the world, no one really talked about climate 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so you can look at what will the future climate for the Middle East look like?","start":3269.09,"end":3274.29,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":3269.09,"end":3269.29},{"text":"so","start":3269.29,"end":3269.37},{"text":"you","start":3269.37,"end":3269.49},{"text":"can","start":3269.49,"end":3269.65},{"text":"look","start":3269.65,"end":3269.97},{"text":"at","start":3270.05,"end":3270.45},{"text":"what","start":3270.73,"end":3271.01},{"text":"will","start":3271.01,"end":3271.21},{"text":"the","start":3271.21,"end":3271.33},{"text":"future","start":3271.33,"end":3271.73},{"text":"climate","start":3271.73,"end":3272.29},{"text":"for","start":3272.29,"end":3272.45},{"text":"the","start":3272.45,"end":3272.53},{"text":"Middle","start":3272.53,"end":3272.85},{"text":"East","start":3272.85,"end":3273.17},{"text":"look","start":3273.73,"end":3273.97},{"text":"like?","start":3273.97,"end":3274.29}]},{"text":"in the context of which you are making all of these decisions.","start":3275.17,"end":3277.65,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"in","start":3275.17,"end":3275.33},{"text":"the","start":3275.33,"end":3275.41},{"text":"context","start":3275.41,"end":3275.89},{"text":"of","start":3275.89,"end":3275.97},{"text":"which","start":3275.97,"end":3276.17},{"text":"you","start":3276.17,"end":3276.25},{"text":"are","start":3276.25,"end":3276.33},{"text":"making","start":3276.33,"end":3276.65},{"text":"all","start":3276.65,"end":3276.77},{"text":"of","start":3276.77,"end":3276.85},{"text":"these","start":3276.85,"end":3277.09},{"text":"decisions.","start":3277.09,"end":3277.65}]},{"text":"And for those of you who haven't seen it, I commend to you the World Meteorological Organization's very first report on the status of climate in the Arab region.","start":3277.89,"end":3287.37,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":3277.89,"end":3278.05},{"text":"for","start":3278.05,"end":3278.21},{"text":"those","start":3278.21,"end":3278.49},{"text":"of","start":3278.49,"end":3278.61},{"text":"you","start":3278.61,"end":3278.69},{"text":"who","start":3278.69,"end":3278.93},{"text":"haven't","start":3278.93,"end":3279.29},{"text":"seen","start":3279.29,"end":3279.41},{"text":"it,","start":3279.41,"end":3279.57},{"text":"I","start":3279.57,"end":3279.65},{"text":"commend","start":3279.65,"end":3280.13},{"text":"to","start":3280.13,"end":3280.25},{"text":"you","start":3280.25,"end":3280.33},{"text":"the","start":3280.33,"end":3280.45},{"text":"World","start":3280.45,"end":3280.77},{"text":"Meteorological","start":3280.77,"end":3281.61},{"text":"Organization's","start":3281.61,"end":3282.53},{"text":"very","start":3283.33,"end":3283.73},{"text":"first","start":3283.73,"end":3284.13},{"text":"report","start":3284.13,"end":3284.61},{"text":"on","start":3285.05,"end":3285.17},{"text":"the","start":3285.17,"end":3285.29},{"text":"status","start":3285.29,"end":3285.85},{"text":"of","start":3285.85,"end":3285.97},{"text":"climate","start":3285.97,"end":3286.41},{"text":"in","start":3286.41,"end":3286.53},{"text":"the","start":3286.53,"end":3286.65},{"text":"Arab","start":3286.69,"end":3287.01},{"text":"region.","start":3287.01,"end":3287.37}]},{"text":"It was published in 2024.","start":3287.37,"end":3289.41,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"It","start":3287.37,"end":3287.45},{"text":"was","start":3288.01,"end":3288.13},{"text":"published","start":3288.13,"end":3288.69},{"text":"in","start":3288.69,"end":3288.77},{"text":"2024.","start":3288.77,"end":3289.41}]},{"text":"It's the very first one on the future of climate in the Arab region.","start":3289.41,"end":3293.49,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"It's","start":3289.41,"end":3289.65},{"text":"the","start":3289.65,"end":3289.73},{"text":"very","start":3289.73,"end":3289.97},{"text":"first","start":3289.97,"end":3290.37},{"text":"one","start":3290.37,"end":3290.61},{"text":"on","start":3291.53,"end":3291.65},{"text":"the","start":3291.65,"end":3291.73},{"text":"future","start":3291.73,"end":3292.13},{"text":"of","start":3292.13,"end":3292.21},{"text":"climate","start":3292.21,"end":3292.57},{"text":"in","start":3292.57,"end":3292.69},{"text":"the","start":3292.73,"end":3292.81},{"text":"Arab","start":3292.81,"end":3293.09},{"text":"region.","start":3293.09,"end":3293.49}]},{"text":"And what does it tell you?","start":3294.41,"end":3295.37,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":3294.41,"end":3294.53},{"text":"what","start":3294.53,"end":3294.73},{"text":"does","start":3294.73,"end":3294.89},{"text":"it","start":3294.89,"end":3295.05},{"text":"tell","start":3295.05,"end":3295.25},{"text":"you?","start":3295.25,"end":3295.37}]},{"text":"It tells you that 2024 was the hottest period year ever recorded in the Middle 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temperature of the world increasing due to climate change, it doesn't increase at the same rate 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the Middle East, it is rising twice as fast as the global average temperature.","start":3324.33,"end":3328.53,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":3324.33,"end":3324.45},{"text":"the","start":3324.45,"end":3324.53},{"text":"Middle","start":3324.53,"end":3324.85},{"text":"East,","start":3324.85,"end":3325.05},{"text":"it","start":3325.05,"end":3325.13},{"text":"is","start":3325.13,"end":3325.25},{"text":"rising","start":3325.25,"end":3325.57},{"text":"twice","start":3325.57,"end":3326.25},{"text":"as","start":3326.25,"end":3326.37},{"text":"fast","start":3326.37,"end":3326.77},{"text":"as","start":3327.05,"end":3327.17},{"text":"the","start":3327.17,"end":3327.25},{"text":"global","start":3327.25,"end":3327.65},{"text":"average","start":3327.65,"end":3327.93},{"text":"temperature.","start":3327.93,"end":3328.53}]},{"text":"And the heat waves that are coming in the Middle East are now longer and higher than in the past, because the climate is actually changing the longevity and 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temperature in key areas in multiple countries in the Middle East has, on more than one occasion, gone beyond 50 degrees 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is a temperature at which it is considered that human beings cannot survive outside for any extended period of 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also leads to questions of drought, water stress, and all of these things.","start":3366.25,"end":3371.61,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":3366.25,"end":3366.57},{"text":"also","start":3366.57,"end":3366.81},{"text":"leads","start":3366.81,"end":3367.09},{"text":"to","start":3367.09,"end":3367.17},{"text":"questions","start":3367.17,"end":3367.65},{"text":"of","start":3367.65,"end":3367.77},{"text":"drought,","start":3367.77,"end":3368.33},{"text":"water","start":3368.81,"end":3369.13},{"text":"stress,","start":3369.13,"end":3369.77},{"text":"and","start":3370.49,"end":3370.77},{"text":"all","start":3370.77,"end":3370.89},{"text":"of","start":3370.89,"end":3370.97},{"text":"these","start":3370.97,"end":3371.21},{"text":"things.","start":3371.21,"end":3371.61}]},{"text":"The projections from the World Meteorological Organization based upon current climate 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one and a half, which was the global average that we discussed trying to keep as part of the Paris Agreement, five degrees centigrade by the end of the century.","start":3393.81,"end":3404.69,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Not","start":3393.81,"end":3394.13},{"text":"one","start":3394.13,"end":3394.45},{"text":"and","start":3394.45,"end":3394.57},{"text":"a","start":3394.57,"end":3394.61},{"text":"half,","start":3394.61,"end":3395.09},{"text":"which","start":3395.09,"end":3395.33},{"text":"was","start":3395.33,"end":3395.45},{"text":"the","start":3395.45,"end":3395.53},{"text":"global","start":3395.53,"end":3395.89},{"text":"average","start":3395.89,"end":3396.21},{"text":"that","start":3396.21,"end":3396.37},{"text":"we","start":3396.37,"end":3396.53},{"text":"discussed","start":3396.53,"end":3397.09},{"text":"trying","start":3397.49,"end":3397.73},{"text":"to","start":3397.73,"end":3397.81},{"text":"keep","start":3397.81,"end":3398.13},{"text":"as","start":3398.37,"end":3398.53},{"text":"part","start":3398.53,"end":3398.85},{"text":"of","start":3398.85,"end":3399.09},{"text":"the","start":3399.73,"end":3399.89},{"text":"Paris","start":3399.89,"end":3400.21},{"text":"Agreement,","start":3400.21,"end":3400.69},{"text":"five","start":3401.01,"end":3401.89},{"text":"degrees","start":3402.05,"end":3402.85},{"text":"centigrade","start":3402.93,"end":3403.73},{"text":"by","start":3403.73,"end":3403.89},{"text":"the","start":3403.89,"end":3404.01},{"text":"end","start":3404.01,"end":3404.17},{"text":"of","start":3404.17,"end":3404.29},{"text":"the","start":3404.29,"end":3404.37},{"text":"century.","start":3404.37,"end":3404.69}]},{"text":"In other words, if you build these nuclear power plants, By the end of their life, the average outside temperature in the Middle East will be five degrees warmer.","start":3404.69,"end":3411.89,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":3404.69,"end":3404.77},{"text":"other","start":3404.77,"end":3404.93},{"text":"words,","start":3404.93,"end":3405.13},{"text":"if","start":3405.17,"end":3405.41},{"text":"you","start":3405.41,"end":3405.49},{"text":"build","start":3405.49,"end":3405.85},{"text":"these","start":3405.85,"end":3405.97},{"text":"nuclear","start":3405.97,"end":3406.29},{"text":"power","start":3406.29,"end":3406.61},{"text":"plants,","start":3406.61,"end":3407.09},{"text":"By","start":3407.57,"end":3407.65},{"text":"the","start":3407.65,"end":3407.77},{"text":"end","start":3407.77,"end":3407.97},{"text":"of","start":3407.97,"end":3408.05},{"text":"their","start":3408.05,"end":3408.21},{"text":"life,","start":3408.21,"end":3408.53},{"text":"the","start":3408.53,"end":3408.65},{"text":"average","start":3408.69,"end":3409.09},{"text":"outside","start":3409.17,"end":3409.61},{"text":"temperature","start":3409.61,"end":3410.01},{"text":"in","start":3410.01,"end":3410.09},{"text":"the","start":3410.09,"end":3410.17},{"text":"Middle","start":3410.17,"end":3410.37},{"text":"East","start":3410.37,"end":3410.49},{"text":"will","start":3410.49,"end":3410.61},{"text":"be","start":3410.61,"end":3410.69},{"text":"five","start":3410.69,"end":3411.05},{"text":"degrees","start":3411.05,"end":3411.45},{"text":"warmer.","start":3411.45,"end":3411.89}]},{"text":"Basically, that means that those areas will effectively be uninhabitable for people outside.","start":3413.49,"end":3419.89,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Basically,","start":3413.49,"end":3413.97},{"text":"that","start":3413.97,"end":3414.21},{"text":"means","start":3414.21,"end":3414.53},{"text":"that","start":3414.53,"end":3414.85},{"text":"those","start":3415.01,"end":3415.49},{"text":"areas","start":3415.49,"end":3415.89},{"text":"will","start":3415.89,"end":3416.21},{"text":"effectively","start":3416.21,"end":3417.01},{"text":"be","start":3417.01,"end":3417.25},{"text":"uninhabitable","start":3417.33,"end":3418.33},{"text":"for","start":3418.33,"end":3418.45},{"text":"people","start":3418.45,"end":3418.93},{"text":"outside.","start":3419.17,"end":3419.89}]},{"text":"So what model of society do you actually have in mind which will have these nuclear power plants working?","start":3422.13,"end":3428.13,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":3422.13,"end":3422.45},{"text":"what","start":3422.57,"end":3422.85},{"text":"model","start":3422.85,"end":3423.25},{"text":"of","start":3423.25,"end":3423.33},{"text":"society","start":3423.33,"end":3424.05},{"text":"do","start":3424.05,"end":3424.25},{"text":"you","start":3424.25,"end":3424.33},{"text":"actually","start":3424.33,"end":3424.69},{"text":"have","start":3424.69,"end":3424.93},{"text":"in","start":3424.93,"end":3425.01},{"text":"mind","start":3425.01,"end":3425.65},{"text":"which","start":3426.05,"end":3426.25},{"text":"will","start":3426.25,"end":3426.37},{"text":"have","start":3426.37,"end":3426.61},{"text":"these","start":3426.61,"end":3426.77},{"text":"nuclear","start":3426.77,"end":3427.09},{"text":"power","start":3427.09,"end":3427.33},{"text":"plants","start":3427.33,"end":3427.73},{"text":"working?","start":3427.73,"end":3428.13}]},{"text":"You might say, you need the power plants to power the cities and the buildings in which these people will live.","start":3428.77,"end":3433.33,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"You","start":3428.77,"end":3428.93},{"text":"might","start":3428.93,"end":3429.13},{"text":"say,","start":3429.13,"end":3429.25},{"text":"you","start":3429.25,"end":3429.41},{"text":"need","start":3429.41,"end":3429.61},{"text":"the","start":3429.61,"end":3429.73},{"text":"power","start":3429.73,"end":3429.93},{"text":"plants","start":3429.93,"end":3430.29},{"text":"to","start":3430.45,"end":3430.57},{"text":"power","start":3430.57,"end":3430.85},{"text":"the","start":3430.85,"end":3431.01},{"text":"cities","start":3431.01,"end":3431.37},{"text":"and","start":3431.37,"end":3431.49},{"text":"the","start":3431.49,"end":3431.57},{"text":"buildings","start":3431.57,"end":3432.05},{"text":"in","start":3432.05,"end":3432.13},{"text":"which","start":3432.13,"end":3432.29},{"text":"these","start":3432.29,"end":3432.53},{"text":"people","start":3432.53,"end":3432.85},{"text":"will","start":3432.85,"end":3433.05},{"text":"live.","start":3433.05,"end":3433.33}]},{"text":"Fair point.","start":3433.81,"end":3434.45,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Fair","start":3433.81,"end":3434.05},{"text":"point.","start":3434.05,"end":3434.45}]},{"text":"But on the other hand, do you think your nuclear power plants will work when the outside temperature is five degrees warmer and you have long, intense heat waves?","start":3434.81,"end":3443.77,"topics":[{"key":"nuclear-energy-drivers","label":"Drivers of Nuclear Energy Expansion","description":"Speakers examined renewed interest in nuclear power in the Middle East, driven by energy security, rising electricity demand, desalination needs, and anticipated AI and data-center growth. 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a perfectly reasonable assumption if you wish to make it, but tell me the basis upon which you come to that 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where we are now, that we have failed over and over again in COP after COP, promise after promise has been made, and the temperature rises, and the emissions rise, and the gatekeepers to this process are in large part the fossil fuel producing monarchies and others, including those of the Middle 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that's the second issue of time and the new era that you're going to have to deal 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They also examined enrichment ambitions, fuel-supply assurances, and the effectiveness of institutions in preventing proliferation."}],"words":[{"text":"So,","start":3712.81,"end":3713.13},{"text":"the","start":3713.45,"end":3713.65},{"text":"capacity","start":3714.01,"end":3714.77},{"text":"of","start":3714.77,"end":3715.05},{"text":"national","start":3715.21,"end":3715.77},{"text":"institutions","start":3715.77,"end":3716.49},{"text":"to","start":3716.49,"end":3716.77},{"text":"obey","start":3716.77,"end":3717.37},{"text":"non-proliferation","start":3717.61,"end":3718.73},{"text":"law","start":3718.73,"end":3719.05},{"text":"that","start":3719.05,"end":3719.25},{"text":"they","start":3719.25,"end":3719.33},{"text":"have","start":3719.33,"end":3719.45},{"text":"accepted","start":3719.45,"end":3719.97},{"text":"as","start":3719.97,"end":3720.09},{"text":"a","start":3720.09,"end":3720.13},{"text":"country,","start":3720.13,"end":3720.73},{"text":"we","start":3721.69,"end":3721.85},{"text":"see","start":3721.85,"end":3722.01},{"text":"that","start":3722.01,"end":3722.21},{"text":"that","start":3722.21,"end":3722.37},{"text":"has","start":3722.37,"end":3722.49},{"text":"not","start":3722.49,"end":3722.69},{"text":"worked.","start":3722.69,"end":3723.13}]},{"text":"And we see that international commitments to not attack nuclear facilities also has not worked.","start":3723.65,"end":3729.21,"topics":[{"key":"nuclear-facility-protection","label":"Protection of Nuclear Facilities in Conflict","description":"Speakers highlighted the region’s history of attacks and sabotage against nuclear facilities and the resulting safety, security, and cross-border radiological risks. 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this is one of my favorite examples, and it's from the official history of the IAEA by David 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it's a book that tells the history, the official history of the IAEA for the first 50 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it.","start":3757.69,"end":3760.01,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"It's","start":3757.69,"end":3757.93},{"text":"available","start":3757.93,"end":3758.33},{"text":"online","start":3758.33,"end":3758.81},{"text":"for","start":3758.81,"end":3758.97},{"text":"free,","start":3758.97,"end":3759.29},{"text":"so","start":3759.29,"end":3759.41},{"text":"you","start":3759.41,"end":3759.53},{"text":"should","start":3759.53,"end":3759.69},{"text":"read","start":3759.69,"end":3759.93},{"text":"it.","start":3759.93,"end":3760.01}]},{"text":"So he tells the story of what happened at the IAEA after the Israeli attack on the Osirak reactor in Iraq in 1981.","start":3761.05,"end":3769.93,"topics":[{"key":"nuclear-facility-protection","label":"Protection of Nuclear Facilities in Conflict","description":"Speakers highlighted the region’s history of attacks and sabotage against nuclear facilities and the resulting safety, security, and cross-border radiological risks. 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the quote continues, \"Before withdrawing from the General Conference, the US delegate announced his government would reassess its policies regarding United States support for and participation in the IEA and its 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what that tells you as an institutional history is that when institutions get put to the test, what we've seen is a particular set of pathologies that present themselves, and if you're going to build a future that is going to be for the next 65 or 75 years, then you have to have a theory of politics where this 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Aboul-Enein.","start":4015.49,"end":4016.93,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"My","start":4015.49,"end":4015.73},{"text":"name","start":4015.73,"end":4015.97},{"text":"is","start":4015.97,"end":4016.09},{"text":"Samih","start":4016.09,"end":4016.49},{"text":"Aboul-Enein.","start":4016.49,"end":4016.93}]},{"text":"I'm representing the Egyptian Foreign Affairs Council today.","start":4016.93,"end":4020.21,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I'm","start":4016.93,"end":4017.17},{"text":"representing","start":4017.17,"end":4017.97},{"text":"the","start":4018.21,"end":4018.33},{"text":"Egyptian","start":4018.37,"end":4018.77},{"text":"Foreign","start":4018.77,"end":4019.05},{"text":"Affairs","start":4019.05,"end":4019.33},{"text":"Council","start":4019.33,"end":4019.89},{"text":"today.","start":4019.89,"end":4020.21}]},{"text":"Good to see you all.","start":4021.21,"end":4021.97,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Good","start":4021.21,"end":4021.37},{"text":"to","start":4021.37,"end":4021.45},{"text":"see","start":4021.45,"end":4021.61},{"text":"you","start":4021.61,"end":4021.77},{"text":"all.","start":4021.77,"end":4021.97}]},{"text":"Now with the crisis in the Gulf, with the developments and the implications on the economic oil and gas industry and supplies of energy from that part, that region, this is a question to the panel: what are the reflections on the positive future for nuclear energy as a possible route to energy supplies from that region?","start":4023.89,"end":4053.33,"topics":[{"key":"nuclear-energy-drivers","label":"Drivers of Nuclear Energy Expansion","description":"Speakers examined renewed interest in nuclear power in the Middle East, driven by energy security, rising electricity demand, desalination needs, and anticipated AI and data-center growth. 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Buy my reactor, and tomorrow there will be a golden age.","start":4414.13,"end":4417.93,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Just","start":4414.13,"end":4414.41},{"text":"Buy","start":4414.89,"end":4415.05},{"text":"my","start":4415.05,"end":4415.29},{"text":"reactor,","start":4415.29,"end":4415.93},{"text":"and","start":4416.17,"end":4416.33},{"text":"tomorrow","start":4416.33,"end":4416.73},{"text":"there","start":4416.73,"end":4416.89},{"text":"will","start":4416.89,"end":4417.01},{"text":"be","start":4417.01,"end":4417.13},{"text":"a","start":4417.13,"end":4417.17},{"text":"golden","start":4417.17,"end":4417.61},{"text":"age.","start":4417.61,"end":4417.93}]},{"text":"The world doesn't work like 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technology does not drive this process forward.","start":4427.05,"end":4430.33,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":4427.05,"end":4427.17},{"text":"technology","start":4427.21,"end":4427.93},{"text":"does","start":4427.93,"end":4428.25},{"text":"not","start":4428.25,"end":4428.69},{"text":"drive","start":4428.69,"end":4429.05},{"text":"this","start":4429.05,"end":4429.29},{"text":"process","start":4429.29,"end":4429.85},{"text":"forward.","start":4429.85,"end":4430.33}]},{"text":"So that's point one.","start":4430.45,"end":4431.37,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":4430.45,"end":4430.53},{"text":"that's","start":4430.53,"end":4430.81},{"text":"point","start":4430.81,"end":4431.09},{"text":"one.","start":4431.09,"end":4431.37}]},{"text":"The second is, I agree absolutely with the ambassador here about learning from the European 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so it began with iron and steel and things like this.","start":4460.77,"end":4464.29,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":4460.77,"end":4460.97},{"text":"so","start":4460.97,"end":4461.17},{"text":"it","start":4461.25,"end":4461.41},{"text":"began","start":4461.41,"end":4461.89},{"text":"with","start":4461.89,"end":4462.05},{"text":"iron","start":4462.13,"end":4462.29},{"text":"and","start":4462.29,"end":4462.57},{"text":"steel","start":4462.57,"end":4463.17},{"text":"and","start":4463.17,"end":4463.33},{"text":"things","start":4463.33,"end":4463.65},{"text":"like","start":4463.65,"end":4463.89},{"text":"this.","start":4463.89,"end":4464.29}]},{"text":"eventually we get to an EU, but there was already a set of shared understandings, of a collective understanding that what happened in World War II should not be allowed to happen 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is this our version of Middle East World War I and World War II is yet to 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I think that searching for ways in which, and this is where I have concerns about the way that this is being pitched, it is not being pitched in terms of shared and rethinking sovereignty.","start":4500.77,"end":4513.57,"topics":[{"key":"regional-nuclear-cooperation","label":"Regional Nuclear Cooperation","description":"Participants explored scientific collaboration, shared electricity supplies, and joint nuclear projects as mechanisms for regional integration and confidence-building. 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Kope.","start":4792.45,"end":4796.01,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Maybe","start":4792.45,"end":4792.73},{"text":"I'll","start":4792.73,"end":4793.05},{"text":"answer","start":4793.65,"end":4794.01},{"text":"the","start":4794.01,"end":4794.13},{"text":"question","start":4794.17,"end":4794.65},{"text":"from","start":4794.65,"end":4794.97},{"text":"Mr.","start":4795.05,"end":4795.37},{"text":"Jeremy","start":4795.37,"end":4795.69},{"text":"Kope.","start":4795.69,"end":4796.01}]},{"text":"So the practice is that once you have spent fuel of operation, when you refuel your reactor, you store these in the facility, and usually have arrangements already in place with the exporter of the technology either to take it back or to discuss different pathways.","start":4797.61,"end":4816.97,"topics":[{"key":"nuclear-waste-management","label":"Nuclear Waste and Spent Fuel Management","description":"Speakers examined spent-fuel storage, supplier take-back arrangements, deep geological repositories, 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Debate focused on whether such cooperation can overcome political divisions and competing notions of sovereignty and security."}],"words":[{"text":"So","start":5183.41,"end":5183.53},{"text":"you","start":5183.53,"end":5183.61},{"text":"can","start":5183.61,"end":5183.85},{"text":"also","start":5183.85,"end":5184.57},{"text":"do","start":5184.65,"end":5184.89},{"text":"this","start":5184.89,"end":5185.13},{"text":"maybe","start":5185.37,"end":5185.65},{"text":"in","start":5185.65,"end":5185.73},{"text":"a","start":5185.73,"end":5185.77},{"text":"more","start":5185.77,"end":5186.17},{"text":"proactive","start":5186.65,"end":5187.29},{"text":"and","start":5187.29,"end":5187.53},{"text":"direct","start":5187.69,"end":5188.09},{"text":"way.","start":5188.09,"end":5188.33}]},{"text":"Maybe this is a good end here, as you said, you need optimism in the Middle East.","start":5188.65,"end":5192.69,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Maybe","start":5188.65,"end":5188.89},{"text":"this","start":5188.89,"end":5189.05},{"text":"is","start":5189.05,"end":5189.13},{"text":"a","start":5189.13,"end":5189.17},{"text":"good","start":5189.17,"end":5189.37},{"text":"end","start":5189.49,"end":5189.69},{"text":"here,","start":5190.13,"end":5190.41},{"text":"as","start":5190.85,"end":5190.97},{"text":"you","start":5190.97,"end":5191.09},{"text":"said,","start":5191.09,"end":5191.45},{"text":"you","start":5191.45,"end":5191.53},{"text":"need","start":5191.53,"end":5191.69},{"text":"optimism","start":5191.69,"end":5192.13},{"text":"in","start":5192.13,"end":5192.21},{"text":"the","start":5192.21,"end":5192.29},{"text":"Middle","start":5192.29,"end":5192.49},{"text":"East.","start":5192.49,"end":5192.69}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"EU","group":null,"function":"EU Special Envoy for Nonproliferation and Disarmament","affiliation_full":"EU"}},{"statement_number":31,"start":5197.25,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1e/k1ezck5nl2?t=1:26:38","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you.","start":5197.25,"end":5197.65,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":5197.25,"end":5197.49},{"text":"you.","start":5197.49,"end":5197.65}]},{"text":"Let me get back to the question from Ambassador Samha Boulahnein.","start":5198.29,"end":5202.29,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Let","start":5198.29,"end":5198.65},{"text":"me","start":5198.65,"end":5198.77},{"text":"get","start":5198.77,"end":5198.89},{"text":"back","start":5198.89,"end":5199.17},{"text":"to","start":5199.17,"end":5199.41},{"text":"the","start":5199.41,"end":5199.61},{"text":"question","start":5200.05,"end":5200.45},{"text":"from","start":5200.45,"end":5200.69},{"text":"Ambassador","start":5200.69,"end":5201.33},{"text":"Samha","start":5201.33,"end":5201.69},{"text":"Boulahnein.","start":5201.69,"end":5202.29}]},{"text":"And I wouldn't disagree with Professor Yan about the complexity of thinking nuclear cooperation in the Middle East, because actually the existing situation and also history doesn't really support any vision of a collaborative approach to sharing nuclear energy or nuclear collaboration of any sort, simply because one single country in the Middle East insists to remain outside the comprehensive safeguard arrangements under the NPT.","start":5203.17,"end":5252.05,"topics":[{"key":"regional-nuclear-cooperation","label":"Regional Nuclear Cooperation","description":"Participants explored scientific collaboration, shared electricity supplies, and joint nuclear projects as mechanisms for regional integration and confidence-building. 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Debate focused on whether such cooperation can overcome political divisions and competing notions of sovereignty and security."}],"words":[{"text":"So","start":5311.25,"end":5311.37},{"text":"that's","start":5311.37,"end":5311.65},{"text":"why","start":5311.65,"end":5311.89},{"text":"it","start":5311.89,"end":5311.97},{"text":"doesn't","start":5311.97,"end":5312.33},{"text":"augur","start":5312.33,"end":5312.61},{"text":"very","start":5312.61,"end":5312.93},{"text":"well","start":5312.93,"end":5313.33},{"text":"to","start":5314.05,"end":5314.09},{"text":"think","start":5314.09,"end":5314.53},{"text":"that","start":5314.77,"end":5315.01},{"text":"there","start":5315.01,"end":5315.25},{"text":"will","start":5315.25,"end":5315.49},{"text":"be","start":5315.49,"end":5316.05},{"text":"ever","start":5316.37,"end":5316.93},{"text":"a","start":5317.25,"end":5317.29},{"text":"nuclear","start":5317.29,"end":5317.65},{"text":"collaboration.","start":5317.65,"end":5318.29}]},{"text":"However, that's one part of the story.","start":5318.29,"end":5321.21,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"However,","start":5318.29,"end":5318.93},{"text":"that's","start":5319.41,"end":5319.81},{"text":"one","start":5319.81,"end":5320.21},{"text":"part","start":5320.21,"end":5320.57},{"text":"of","start":5320.57,"end":5320.69},{"text":"the","start":5320.69,"end":5320.77},{"text":"story.","start":5320.77,"end":5321.21}]},{"text":"The other part is that not only the Middle East, but generally developing countries are in a bind within the context of the energy transition to non-fossil fuel energy.","start":5321.21,"end":5338.69,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":5321.21,"end":5321.29},{"text":"other","start":5321.29,"end":5321.49},{"text":"part","start":5321.49,"end":5321.81},{"text":"is","start":5321.81,"end":5322.05},{"text":"that","start":5322.05,"end":5322.45},{"text":"not","start":5323.65,"end":5323.85},{"text":"only","start":5323.89,"end":5324.13},{"text":"the","start":5324.13,"end":5324.25},{"text":"Middle","start":5324.25,"end":5324.45},{"text":"East,","start":5324.45,"end":5324.65},{"text":"but","start":5324.65,"end":5324.93},{"text":"generally","start":5325.17,"end":5325.65},{"text":"developing","start":5325.65,"end":5326.09},{"text":"countries","start":5326.09,"end":5326.69},{"text":"are","start":5327.09,"end":5327.41},{"text":"in","start":5327.41,"end":5327.57},{"text":"a","start":5327.57,"end":5327.65},{"text":"bind","start":5327.65,"end":5328.29},{"text":"within","start":5329.49,"end":5329.89},{"text":"the","start":5329.89,"end":5329.97},{"text":"context","start":5329.97,"end":5330.53},{"text":"of","start":5330.53,"end":5330.85},{"text":"the","start":5330.85,"end":5331.05},{"text":"energy","start":5332.53,"end":5332.85},{"text":"transition","start":5332.85,"end":5333.57},{"text":"to","start":5333.65,"end":5333.89},{"text":"non-fossil","start":5335.33,"end":5336.17},{"text":"fuel","start":5336.61,"end":5337.49},{"text":"energy.","start":5338.25,"end":5338.69}]},{"text":"The region has actually have been reliant and dependent on fossil fuel energy since its independence.","start":5339.33,"end":5350.85,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":5339.33,"end":5339.57},{"text":"region","start":5339.57,"end":5340.21},{"text":"has","start":5340.21,"end":5340.45},{"text":"actually","start":5340.45,"end":5341.41},{"text":"have","start":5342.49,"end":5342.77},{"text":"been","start":5342.77,"end":5343.41},{"text":"reliant","start":5343.41,"end":5344.01},{"text":"and","start":5344.21,"end":5344.41},{"text":"dependent","start":5344.41,"end":5345.13},{"text":"on","start":5345.57,"end":5346.13},{"text":"fossil","start":5346.45,"end":5346.85},{"text":"fuel","start":5346.85,"end":5347.25},{"text":"energy","start":5347.25,"end":5347.89},{"text":"since","start":5349.49,"end":5349.89},{"text":"its","start":5349.89,"end":5350.05},{"text":"independence.","start":5350.05,"end":5350.85}]},{"text":"And now we have a few years to spend trying to make sense of that transition, solar, wind, but also nuclear energy, as part of what we say and what we call in the region the energy mix.","start":5351.33,"end":5371.01,"topics":[{"key":"nuclear-energy-drivers","label":"Drivers of Nuclear Energy Expansion","description":"Speakers examined renewed interest in nuclear power in the Middle East, driven by energy security, rising electricity demand, desalination needs, and anticipated AI and data-center growth. 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want to please join me to thank our speakers and the ones that join us online, thank you as 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Discussion also addressed how expanding nuclear capabilities might shape the zone’s provisions on fuel-cycle activities, safety, and verification."},{"key":"nuclear-energy-drivers","label":"Drivers of Nuclear Energy Expansion","description":"Speakers examined renewed interest in nuclear power in the Middle East, driven by energy security, rising electricity demand, desalination needs, and anticipated AI and data-center growth. They also debated nuclear power’s role in decarbonization and diversified energy mixes alongside renewables."},{"key":"small-modular-reactors","label":"Small Modular Reactors and Technological Innovation","description":"Discussion examined the appeal of small modular reactors, including promised flexibility, lower costs, and shorter construction schedules. 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