{"disclaimer":"Transcripts available through this tool are created by using automatic speech recognition and are not official records nor official documents of the United Nations. Official records and official documents are available on the Official Document System of the United Nations.","llms":{"note":"Plain-text sibling of this page, compact for LLM context. For the full API guide (search, listing, URL grammar) see /llms.txt.","textUrl":"/en/asset/k1g/k1gt48eigm.txt","guide":"/llms.txt"},"video":{"id":"k1g/k1gt48eigm","kaltura_id":"1_gt48eigm","title":"Open-ended Informal Consultative Process on Oceans and the Law of the Sea (ICP26)","clean_title":"Open-ended Informal Consultative Process on Oceans and the Law of the Sea (ICP26)","url":"https://webtv.un.org/en/asset/k1g/k1gt48eigm","date":"2026-06-22T00:00:00.000Z","scheduled_time":"2026-06-22T19:00:00.000Z","status":"finished","duration":"01:53:51","category":"General Assembly","body":"General Assembly","event_code":null,"event_type":null,"session_number":null,"pv_symbol":null,"pv_part":null,"slug":"asset/k1g/k1gt48eigm"},"metadata":{"summary":"The twenty-sixth meeting of the United Nations Open-ended Informal Consultative Process on Oceans and the Law of the Sea, in 2026, will, in its deliberations on the Report of the Secretary-General on oceans and the law of the sea, focus its discussions on the theme: Marine ecosystem restoration.","description":"Discussion panelSegment 1The status of marine ecosystems and their role in sustainable development: newdevelopments, approaches and challenges(a) Panel presentations;(b) Discussion. Segment 1The status of marine ecosystems and their role in sustainable development: new developments, approaches and challenges(a) Panel presentations;(b) Discussion.","categories":["Meetings & Events","General Assembly","Subsidiary organs of the General Assembly","Open-ended Informal Consultative Process on Oceans and the Law of the Sea"],"geographic_subject":[],"subject_topical":["OCEANS","LAW OF THE SEA","MARINE RESOURCES CONSERVATION"],"corporate_name":["UNITED NATIONS OFFICE OF LEGAL AFFAIRS - OLA"],"speaker_affiliation":[],"related_documents":[]},"transcript":{"transcript_id":"assemblyai-universal-3-pro-0724a2af-1f65-4875-afdc-a91259ff13bb","language":"en","data":[{"statement_number":1,"paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Good afternoon, distinguished delegates.","start":4.403,"end":6.972,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Good","start":4.403,"end":4.564},{"text":"afternoon,","start":4.564,"end":5.114},{"text":"distinguished","start":5.873,"end":6.504},{"text":"delegates.","start":6.504,"end":6.972}]},{"text":"We will now move to the discussion panel component of our meeting on marine ecosystem 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areas of concentration have taken into account relevant consultations among states during the informal consultations on the draft resolution on oceans and the law of the sea at the 80th session of the General Assembly, as well as discussions at the preparatory meeting which took place on 18th March, March 2026.","start":39.09,"end":58.727,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":39.09,"end":39.266},{"text":"areas","start":39.347,"end":39.652},{"text":"of","start":39.7,"end":39.813},{"text":"concentration","start":39.989,"end":40.632},{"text":"have","start":40.648,"end":40.777},{"text":"taken","start":40.809,"end":41.066},{"text":"into","start":41.114,"end":41.291},{"text":"account","start":41.291,"end":41.757},{"text":"relevant","start":41.757,"end":42.239},{"text":"consultations","start":42.239,"end":42.946},{"text":"among","start":43.138,"end":43.315},{"text":"states","start":43.315,"end":43.893},{"text":"during","start":44.343,"end":44.633},{"text":"the","start":44.665,"end":44.906},{"text":"informal","start":44.986,"end":45.404},{"text":"consultations","start":45.452,"end":46.079},{"text":"on","start":46.271,"end":46.352},{"text":"the","start":46.352,"end":46.496},{"text":"draft","start":46.496,"end":46.834},{"text":"resolution","start":46.834,"end":47.444},{"text":"on","start":47.557,"end":47.605},{"text":"oceans","start":47.782,"end":48.167},{"text":"and","start":48.199,"end":48.328},{"text":"the","start":48.36,"end":48.44},{"text":"law","start":48.44,"end":48.601},{"text":"of","start":48.601,"end":48.73},{"text":"the","start":48.73,"end":48.763},{"text":"sea","start":48.763,"end":49.043},{"text":"at","start":49.737,"end":49.82},{"text":"the","start":49.82,"end":49.952},{"text":"80th","start":50.068,"end":50.349},{"text":"session","start":50.349,"end":50.778},{"text":"of","start":50.993,"end":51.125},{"text":"the","start":51.159,"end":51.307},{"text":"General","start":51.307,"end":51.605},{"text":"Assembly,","start":51.654,"end":52.067},{"text":"as","start":52.772,"end":52.82},{"text":"well","start":52.852,"end":53.078},{"text":"as","start":53.078,"end":53.143},{"text":"discussions","start":53.175,"end":53.789},{"text":"at","start":53.966,"end":54.063},{"text":"the","start":54.063,"end":54.144},{"text":"preparatory","start":54.144,"end":54.628},{"text":"meeting","start":54.628,"end":54.918},{"text":"which","start":55.031,"end":55.241},{"text":"took","start":55.257,"end":55.435},{"text":"place","start":55.435,"end":55.87},{"text":"on","start":55.983,"end":56.032},{"text":"18th","start":56.145,"end":56.451},{"text":"March,","start":56.484,"end":56.694},{"text":"March","start":57.065,"end":57.452},{"text":"2026.","start":57.694,"end":58.727}]},{"text":"We also wish to take this opportunity to recall that discussions in the panel are informal in order to allow delegations from states, intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations to participate actively in the 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note that all panel presentations have been posted on the website of the Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the ahead of the meeting to assist delegations in preparing for 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co-chair and I would like to thank all panelists who have generously accepted our invitation and demonstrated their flexibility in accommodating our requests for them to concentrate the presentations on specific aspects of the topic of 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will now begin the first segment of our discussion panel entitled The Status of Marine ecosystems and the role in sustainable development, new developments, approaches, and 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will hear 7 presentations this afternoon.","start":114.587,"end":117.452,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":114.587,"end":114.684},{"text":"will","start":114.748,"end":114.877},{"text":"hear","start":115.053,"end":115.262},{"text":"7","start":115.616,"end":115.922},{"text":"presentations","start":116.035,"end":116.727},{"text":"this","start":116.759,"end":116.872},{"text":"afternoon.","start":117.001,"end":117.452}]},{"text":"We intend to hear from the first 4 panelists, followed by a question and answer session before proceeding with the remaining 3 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these panels are also being broadcast over United Nations Web TV, We are also accepting questions from remote viewers.","start":128.952,"end":136.398,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"As","start":128.952,"end":129.018},{"text":"these","start":129.132,"end":129.344},{"text":"panels","start":129.377,"end":129.834},{"text":"are","start":129.948,"end":129.997},{"text":"also","start":130.112,"end":130.438},{"text":"being","start":130.438,"end":130.65},{"text":"broadcast","start":130.765,"end":131.336},{"text":"over","start":131.401,"end":131.565},{"text":"United","start":131.565,"end":131.989},{"text":"Nations","start":131.989,"end":132.365},{"text":"Web","start":132.463,"end":132.659},{"text":"TV,","start":132.659,"end":133.002},{"text":"We","start":133.444,"end":133.589},{"text":"are","start":133.67,"end":133.718},{"text":"also","start":133.912,"end":134.251},{"text":"accepting","start":134.251,"end":134.654},{"text":"questions","start":134.719,"end":135.155},{"text":"from","start":135.284,"end":135.526},{"text":"remote","start":135.542,"end":136.026},{"text":"viewers.","start":136.026,"end":136.398}]},{"text":"Please email any questions and comments to doalos@un.org.","start":137.705,"end":141.159,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Please","start":137.705,"end":137.931},{"text":"email","start":138.108,"end":138.431},{"text":"any","start":138.431,"end":138.609},{"text":"questions","start":138.609,"end":139.061},{"text":"and","start":139.093,"end":139.174},{"text":"comments","start":139.254,"end":139.771},{"text":"to","start":139.803,"end":139.916},{"text":"doalos@un.org.","start":140.207,"end":141.159}]},{"text":"I now wish to give the floor to our first panelist, Greg Reynolds, Second Secretary, Permanent Mission of Australia to the United 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presentation is entitled Building Climate and Community Resilience through Coordinated Marine Restoration.","start":153.787,"end":159.992,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":153.787,"end":153.884},{"text":"presentation","start":153.884,"end":154.5},{"text":"is","start":154.597,"end":154.662},{"text":"entitled","start":154.694,"end":155.31},{"text":"Building","start":155.407,"end":155.715},{"text":"Climate","start":155.747,"end":156.298},{"text":"and","start":156.314,"end":156.379},{"text":"Community","start":156.46,"end":157.011},{"text":"Resilience","start":157.027,"end":157.675},{"text":"through","start":157.675,"end":157.854},{"text":"Coordinated","start":157.999,"end":158.631},{"text":"Marine","start":158.81,"end":159.198},{"text":"Restoration.","start":159.458,"end":159.992}]},{"text":"Mr. Reynolds, you have the floor.","start":160.88,"end":162.013,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":160.88,"end":161.011},{"text":"Reynolds,","start":161.077,"end":161.454},{"text":"you","start":161.487,"end":161.569},{"text":"have","start":161.569,"end":161.733},{"text":"the","start":161.733,"end":161.816},{"text":"floor.","start":161.816,"end":162.013}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":null,"affiliation_full":null,"group":null,"function":"Co-Chair"}},{"statement_number":2,"paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, co-chair.","start":166.76,"end":167.615,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":166.76,"end":166.856},{"text":"you,","start":166.856,"end":166.937},{"text":"co-chair.","start":167.018,"end":167.615}]},{"text":"It's both an honor and a privilege to present, um, to you today on Australia's work both domestically and with our regional partners to build climate and community resilience through coordinated marine restoration.","start":167.825,"end":179.075,"topics":[{"key":"climate-risk","label":"Climate Risk to Marine Ecosystems","description":"Speakers repeatedly highlighted climate change as the central driver of ocean degradation, including coral bleaching, species shifts, stronger storms, sea-level rise, warming waters, and ocean acidification. 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Approaches to Address the Challenges of Gulf Ecosystem Restoration.","start":920.511,"end":926.611,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":920.511,"end":920.591},{"text":"presentation","start":920.591,"end":921.269},{"text":"is","start":921.301,"end":921.365},{"text":"entitled","start":921.398,"end":921.897},{"text":"New","start":921.962,"end":922.155},{"text":"Approaches","start":922.204,"end":922.816},{"text":"to","start":923.01,"end":923.171},{"text":"Address","start":923.171,"end":923.558},{"text":"the","start":923.558,"end":923.655},{"text":"Challenges","start":923.655,"end":924.235},{"text":"of","start":924.397,"end":924.477},{"text":"Gulf","start":924.51,"end":924.812},{"text":"Ecosystem","start":925.031,"end":925.636},{"text":"Restoration.","start":925.703,"end":926.611}]},{"text":"Ms. Bowie, you have the 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delegates.","start":931.555,"end":934.156,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":931.555,"end":931.815},{"text":"you,","start":931.815,"end":931.961},{"text":"co-chairs","start":931.977,"end":932.676},{"text":"and","start":932.871,"end":932.936},{"text":"distinguished","start":932.953,"end":933.57},{"text":"delegates.","start":933.603,"end":934.156}]},{"text":"Good afternoon.","start":936.59,"end":937.237,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Good","start":936.59,"end":936.703},{"text":"afternoon.","start":936.768,"end":937.237}]},{"text":"My name is Laura Bowie, and I'm the Executive Director for the Gulf of America 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such as shipping, Energy, fisheries, tourism, and manufacturing depend directly on the health of Gulf coastal and marine 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thriving economies rely heavily on habitats, clean water, and abundant fish and wildlife populations.","start":1006.324,"end":1013.667,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"These","start":1006.324,"end":1006.616},{"text":"thriving","start":1006.714,"end":1007.103},{"text":"economies","start":1007.2,"end":1007.832},{"text":"rely","start":1008.108,"end":1008.367},{"text":"heavily","start":1008.497,"end":1008.967},{"text":"on","start":1009.145,"end":1009.194},{"text":"habitats,","start":1009.242,"end":1010.02},{"text":"clean","start":1010.377,"end":1010.669},{"text":"water,","start":1010.701,"end":1011.106},{"text":"and","start":1011.512,"end":1011.576},{"text":"abundant","start":1011.593,"end":1012.144},{"text":"fish","start":1012.144,"end":1012.273},{"text":"and","start":1012.387,"end":1012.484},{"text":"wildlife","start":1012.484,"end":1012.954},{"text":"populations.","start":1013.035,"end":1013.667}]},{"text":"These ecosystems provide critical services that underpin sustainable development Coastal wetlands, barrier islands, and beaches reduce storm impacts.","start":1016,"end":1026.729,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"These","start":1016,"end":1016.161},{"text":"ecosystems","start":1016.275,"end":1017.052},{"text":"provide","start":1017.165,"end":1017.554},{"text":"critical","start":1017.554,"end":1018.137},{"text":"services","start":1018.137,"end":1018.833},{"text":"that","start":1018.946,"end":1019.059},{"text":"underpin","start":1019.189,"end":1019.561},{"text":"sustainable","start":1019.675,"end":1020.468},{"text":"development","start":1020.468,"end":1021.116},{"text":"Coastal","start":1021.854,"end":1022.32},{"text":"wetlands,","start":1022.32,"end":1022.948},{"text":"barrier","start":1023.205,"end":1023.608},{"text":"islands,","start":1023.688,"end":1024.235},{"text":"and","start":1024.669,"end":1024.734},{"text":"beaches","start":1024.814,"end":1025.2},{"text":"reduce","start":1025.377,"end":1025.667},{"text":"storm","start":1025.779,"end":1026.085},{"text":"impacts.","start":1026.133,"end":1026.729}]},{"text":"They protect coastal infrastructure.","start":1027.083,"end":1029.512,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"They","start":1027.083,"end":1027.227},{"text":"protect","start":1027.227,"end":1027.871},{"text":"coastal","start":1028.032,"end":1028.515},{"text":"infrastructure.","start":1028.531,"end":1029.512}]},{"text":"They support tourism and enhance community resilience.","start":1029.962,"end":1033.53,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"They","start":1029.962,"end":1030.027},{"text":"support","start":1030.059,"end":1030.542},{"text":"tourism","start":1030.558,"end":1031.407},{"text":"and","start":1031.767,"end":1031.832},{"text":"enhance","start":1031.865,"end":1032.273},{"text":"community","start":1032.338,"end":1032.795},{"text":"resilience.","start":1032.828,"end":1033.53}]},{"text":"Across the Gulf, habitat loss, stronger storms, sea level rise— all of these things are degrading marine ecosystems and reducing their ability to provide these benefits to sustainable industries.","start":1036.362,"end":1049.379,"topics":[{"key":"climate-risk","label":"Climate Risk to Marine Ecosystems","description":"Speakers repeatedly highlighted climate change as the central driver of ocean degradation, including coral bleaching, species shifts, stronger storms, sea-level rise, warming waters, and ocean acidification. Discussion focused both on the ecological impacts and on the need for climate adaptation in restoration and coastal planning."}],"words":[{"text":"Across","start":1036.362,"end":1036.701},{"text":"the","start":1036.701,"end":1036.75},{"text":"Gulf,","start":1036.75,"end":1037.089},{"text":"habitat","start":1037.477,"end":1037.979},{"text":"loss,","start":1037.979,"end":1038.545},{"text":"stronger","start":1038.787,"end":1039.337},{"text":"storms,","start":1039.337,"end":1040.129},{"text":"sea","start":1040.501,"end":1040.792},{"text":"level","start":1040.792,"end":1041.115},{"text":"rise—","start":1041.131,"end":1041.746},{"text":"all","start":1042.409,"end":1042.457},{"text":"of","start":1042.506,"end":1042.603},{"text":"these","start":1042.651,"end":1042.797},{"text":"things","start":1042.91,"end":1043.169},{"text":"are","start":1043.169,"end":1043.249},{"text":"degrading","start":1043.314,"end":1043.848},{"text":"marine","start":1043.88,"end":1044.171},{"text":"ecosystems","start":1044.268,"end":1045.06},{"text":"and","start":1045.173,"end":1045.238},{"text":"reducing","start":1045.319,"end":1045.772},{"text":"their","start":1045.82,"end":1045.933},{"text":"ability","start":1045.95,"end":1046.364},{"text":"to","start":1046.38,"end":1046.48},{"text":"provide","start":1046.48,"end":1046.977},{"text":"these","start":1046.977,"end":1047.109},{"text":"benefits","start":1047.225,"end":1047.739},{"text":"to","start":1047.81,"end":1047.942},{"text":"sustainable","start":1047.942,"end":1048.652},{"text":"industries.","start":1048.668,"end":1049.379}]},{"text":"Clean water sustains commercial and recreational fisheries.","start":1052.67,"end":1055.908,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Clean","start":1052.67,"end":1052.831},{"text":"water","start":1052.848,"end":1053.22},{"text":"sustains","start":1053.269,"end":1053.884},{"text":"commercial","start":1053.916,"end":1054.467},{"text":"and","start":1054.483,"end":1054.548},{"text":"recreational","start":1054.629,"end":1055.357},{"text":"fisheries.","start":1055.357,"end":1055.908}]},{"text":"It strengthens food security and supports livelihoods.","start":1056.669,"end":1059.842,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"It","start":1056.669,"end":1056.75},{"text":"strengthens","start":1056.75,"end":1057.397},{"text":"food","start":1057.478,"end":1057.689},{"text":"security","start":1057.721,"end":1058.337},{"text":"and","start":1058.45,"end":1058.515},{"text":"supports","start":1058.531,"end":1059.049},{"text":"livelihoods.","start":1059.162,"end":1059.842}]},{"text":"However, in the Gulf, nutrient runoff transported through the Mississippi River watershed contributes to a seasonal hypoxic zone, or a dead zone, that can reach the size of a small U.S. state.","start":1061.43,"end":1075.116,"topics":[{"key":"pollution-control","label":"Pollution and Water Quality","description":"Pollution was discussed as a major stressor on ocean health, including plastics, sewage, nutrient runoff, eutrophication, sedimentation, and harmful algal blooms. Speakers connected better pollution control and water-quality management to healthier fisheries, reefs, seagrasses, and coastal economies."}],"words":[{"text":"However,","start":1061.43,"end":1061.961},{"text":"in","start":1063.394,"end":1063.474},{"text":"the","start":1063.474,"end":1063.619},{"text":"Gulf,","start":1063.619,"end":1063.909},{"text":"nutrient","start":1064.263,"end":1064.698},{"text":"runoff","start":1064.746,"end":1065.229},{"text":"transported","start":1065.229,"end":1065.938},{"text":"through","start":1065.97,"end":1066.099},{"text":"the","start":1066.115,"end":1066.179},{"text":"Mississippi","start":1066.179,"end":1066.71},{"text":"River","start":1066.775,"end":1067.081},{"text":"watershed","start":1067.097,"end":1067.869},{"text":"contributes","start":1068.208,"end":1068.771},{"text":"to","start":1068.771,"end":1068.884},{"text":"a","start":1068.884,"end":1068.948},{"text":"seasonal","start":1068.948,"end":1069.48},{"text":"hypoxic","start":1069.818,"end":1070.623},{"text":"zone,","start":1070.623,"end":1070.848},{"text":"or","start":1070.977,"end":1071.041},{"text":"a","start":1071.09,"end":1071.106},{"text":"dead","start":1071.187,"end":1071.317},{"text":"zone,","start":1071.365,"end":1071.658},{"text":"that","start":1072.567,"end":1072.648},{"text":"can","start":1072.648,"end":1072.778},{"text":"reach","start":1072.827,"end":1072.957},{"text":"the","start":1073.07,"end":1073.168},{"text":"size","start":1073.168,"end":1073.606},{"text":"of","start":1073.638,"end":1073.736},{"text":"a","start":1073.736,"end":1073.801},{"text":"small","start":1073.801,"end":1074.353},{"text":"U.S.","start":1074.353,"end":1074.677},{"text":"state.","start":1074.807,"end":1075.116}]},{"text":"This forces commercial fishers to travel farther offshore, increasing operational costs and reducing economic efficiency.","start":1076.217,"end":1084.154,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":1076.217,"end":1076.458},{"text":"forces","start":1076.458,"end":1076.829},{"text":"commercial","start":1076.861,"end":1077.344},{"text":"fishers","start":1077.344,"end":1077.875},{"text":"to","start":1077.907,"end":1078.052},{"text":"travel","start":1078.052,"end":1078.406},{"text":"farther","start":1078.406,"end":1079.002},{"text":"offshore,","start":1079.018,"end":1079.549},{"text":"increasing","start":1079.839,"end":1080.371},{"text":"operational","start":1080.483,"end":1081.176},{"text":"costs","start":1081.192,"end":1081.626},{"text":"and","start":1081.691,"end":1081.819},{"text":"reducing","start":1082.238,"end":1082.786},{"text":"economic","start":1082.979,"end":1083.478},{"text":"efficiency.","start":1083.478,"end":1084.154}]},{"text":"And our healthy economy is also dependent upon 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this tremendous biodiversity that supports industries like recreational fishing, commercial fishing, hunting, and ecotourism.","start":1101.124,"end":1110.22,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"It's","start":1101.124,"end":1101.27},{"text":"this","start":1101.27,"end":1101.448},{"text":"tremendous","start":1101.448,"end":1102.094},{"text":"biodiversity","start":1102.094,"end":1103.032},{"text":"that","start":1103.145,"end":1103.291},{"text":"supports","start":1103.307,"end":1103.937},{"text":"industries","start":1103.937,"end":1104.616},{"text":"like","start":1105.069,"end":1105.473},{"text":"recreational","start":1105.732,"end":1106.379},{"text":"fishing,","start":1106.379,"end":1106.831},{"text":"commercial","start":1107.025,"end":1107.478},{"text":"fishing,","start":1107.51,"end":1107.963},{"text":"hunting,","start":1108.61,"end":1108.851},{"text":"and","start":1109.286,"end":1109.351},{"text":"ecotourism.","start":1109.447,"end":1110.22}]},{"text":"But at the same time, changing environmental conditions are shifting the ranges for certain species.","start":1112.975,"end":1118.751,"topics":[{"key":"climate-risk","label":"Climate Risk to Marine Ecosystems","description":"Speakers repeatedly highlighted climate change as the central driver of ocean degradation, including coral bleaching, species shifts, stronger storms, sea-level rise, warming waters, and ocean acidification. 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I'm happy to answer questions now or during the Q&A period, or you're welcome to contact 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Bowie","affiliation":"USA","affiliation_full":"United States of America","group":null,"function":"Executive Director"}},{"statement_number":5,"paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you so much, Ms. Bovee.","start":1478.76,"end":1481.31,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":1478.76,"end":1478.873},{"text":"you","start":1478.873,"end":1478.954},{"text":"so","start":1478.954,"end":1479.198},{"text":"much,","start":1479.198,"end":1479.442},{"text":"Ms.","start":1479.458,"end":1480.433},{"text":"Bovee.","start":1480.904,"end":1481.31}]},{"text":"Sorry for mispronouncing your name earlier.","start":1481.537,"end":1483.632,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Sorry","start":1481.537,"end":1481.765},{"text":"for","start":1481.797,"end":1481.976},{"text":"mispronouncing","start":1482.024,"end":1482.658},{"text":"your","start":1482.69,"end":1482.95},{"text":"name","start":1483.096,"end":1483.226},{"text":"earlier.","start":1483.34,"end":1483.632}]},{"text":"Thank you for your presentation.","start":1484.055,"end":1484.688,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":1484.055,"end":1484.169},{"text":"you","start":1484.169,"end":1484.233},{"text":"for","start":1484.233,"end":1484.315},{"text":"your","start":1484.315,"end":1484.461},{"text":"presentation.","start":1484.461,"end":1484.688}]},{"text":"We will come to questions later in the session.","start":1486.315,"end":1488.858,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":1486.315,"end":1486.412},{"text":"will","start":1486.461,"end":1486.558},{"text":"come","start":1486.558,"end":1486.72},{"text":"to","start":1486.72,"end":1486.898},{"text":"questions","start":1487.19,"end":1487.578},{"text":"later","start":1487.676,"end":1487.951},{"text":"in","start":1487.951,"end":1488.064},{"text":"the","start":1488.178,"end":1488.437},{"text":"session.","start":1488.437,"end":1488.858}]},{"text":"Let me now wish to give the floor to our third panelist, Bose Hancock, Senior Marine Restoration Scientist, Global Oceans Team, The Nature 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are unfortunately unable to be with us in person today, but have kindly recorded their presentation regarding partnering with offshore wind to develop marine habitat restoration in the mesophotic zone, oyster reef restoration in the North 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I ask the Secretariat to proceed with the presentation?","start":1518.147,"end":1521.079,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Can","start":1518.147,"end":1518.323},{"text":"I","start":1518.323,"end":1518.355},{"text":"ask","start":1518.371,"end":1518.612},{"text":"the","start":1518.612,"end":1518.66},{"text":"Secretariat","start":1518.692,"end":1519.333},{"text":"to","start":1519.333,"end":1519.509},{"text":"proceed","start":1519.509,"end":1520.118},{"text":"with","start":1520.294,"end":1520.374},{"text":"the","start":1520.374,"end":1520.534},{"text":"presentation?","start":1520.534,"end":1521.079}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":null,"affiliation_full":null,"group":null,"function":"Co-Chair"}},{"statement_number":6,"paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Good afternoon, and thanks very much for the opportunity to present the work on oyster reef restoration in the North Sea, particularly partnering with offshore wind.","start":1527.536,"end":1536.337,"topics":[{"key":"marine-restoration","label":"Marine Ecosystem Restoration","description":"A major theme was the active restoration of marine habitats such as coral reefs, oyster reefs, shellfish reefs, mangroves, kelp forests, wetlands, and eelgrass meadows. Speakers emphasized restoration as a tool to rebuild biodiversity, coastal protection, fisheries productivity, carbon storage, and community resilience."}],"words":[{"text":"Good","start":1527.536,"end":1527.776},{"text":"afternoon,","start":1527.776,"end":1528.467},{"text":"and","start":1528.981,"end":1529.045},{"text":"thanks","start":1529.126,"end":1529.302},{"text":"very","start":1529.302,"end":1529.447},{"text":"much","start":1529.447,"end":1529.623},{"text":"for","start":1529.623,"end":1529.768},{"text":"the","start":1529.768,"end":1530.025},{"text":"opportunity","start":1530.105,"end":1530.635},{"text":"to","start":1530.667,"end":1530.828},{"text":"present","start":1530.828,"end":1531.358},{"text":"the","start":1532.033,"end":1532.161},{"text":"work","start":1532.177,"end":1532.434},{"text":"on","start":1532.434,"end":1532.515},{"text":"oyster","start":1532.515,"end":1532.82},{"text":"reef","start":1532.82,"end":1532.948},{"text":"restoration","start":1532.996,"end":1533.751},{"text":"in","start":1533.815,"end":1533.896},{"text":"the","start":1533.944,"end":1534.024},{"text":"North","start":1534.024,"end":1534.233},{"text":"Sea,","start":1534.233,"end":1534.538},{"text":"particularly","start":1534.602,"end":1535.004},{"text":"partnering","start":1535.004,"end":1535.454},{"text":"with","start":1535.486,"end":1535.646},{"text":"offshore","start":1535.646,"end":1536.048},{"text":"wind.","start":1536.048,"end":1536.337}]},{"text":"What I'd like to do is run through just a very brief stage setting for marine habitat restoration.","start":1537.558,"end":1542.119,"topics":[{"key":"marine-restoration","label":"Marine Ecosystem Restoration","description":"A major theme was the active restoration of marine habitats such as coral reefs, oyster reefs, shellfish reefs, mangroves, kelp forests, wetlands, and eelgrass meadows. Speakers emphasized restoration as a tool to rebuild biodiversity, coastal protection, fisheries productivity, carbon storage, and community resilience."}],"words":[{"text":"What","start":1537.558,"end":1537.718},{"text":"I'd","start":1537.718,"end":1537.815},{"text":"like","start":1537.815,"end":1538.056},{"text":"to","start":1538.056,"end":1538.297},{"text":"do","start":1538.297,"end":1538.425},{"text":"is","start":1538.521,"end":1538.586},{"text":"run","start":1538.698,"end":1538.827},{"text":"through","start":1538.923,"end":1539.1},{"text":"just","start":1539.1,"end":1539.341},{"text":"a","start":1539.341,"end":1539.357},{"text":"very","start":1539.357,"end":1539.581},{"text":"brief","start":1539.662,"end":1539.838},{"text":"stage","start":1539.838,"end":1540.24},{"text":"setting","start":1540.24,"end":1540.577},{"text":"for","start":1540.69,"end":1540.786},{"text":"marine","start":1540.786,"end":1541.075},{"text":"habitat","start":1541.091,"end":1541.461},{"text":"restoration.","start":1541.509,"end":1542.119}]},{"text":"Apologies to those of you who are completely familiar, that'll be brief.","start":1542.167,"end":1545.99,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Apologies","start":1542.167,"end":1542.762},{"text":"to","start":1542.794,"end":1542.954},{"text":"those","start":1542.954,"end":1543.163},{"text":"of","start":1543.276,"end":1543.42},{"text":"you","start":1543.42,"end":1543.581},{"text":"who","start":1543.581,"end":1543.645},{"text":"are","start":1543.757,"end":1543.902},{"text":"completely","start":1543.902,"end":1544.368},{"text":"familiar,","start":1544.384,"end":1544.946},{"text":"that'll","start":1545.283,"end":1545.508},{"text":"be","start":1545.508,"end":1545.669},{"text":"brief.","start":1545.669,"end":1545.99}]},{"text":"I'll then touch on why oysters and the benefits before describing the situation for oyster reefs in Europe and the oyster reef restoration demonstrations that are being done in conjunction with the offshore wind industry in the North Sea.","start":1546.552,"end":1564.205,"topics":[{"key":"marine-restoration","label":"Marine Ecosystem Restoration","description":"A major theme was the active restoration of marine habitats such as coral reefs, oyster reefs, shellfish reefs, mangroves, kelp forests, wetlands, and eelgrass meadows. 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Speakers emphasized restoration as a tool to rebuild biodiversity, coastal protection, fisheries productivity, carbon storage, and community resilience."}],"words":[{"text":"So","start":1564.318,"end":1564.479},{"text":"the","start":1564.495,"end":1564.753},{"text":"critical","start":1566.444,"end":1566.734},{"text":"coastal","start":1566.766,"end":1567.169},{"text":"ecosystems","start":1567.169,"end":1568.07},{"text":"are","start":1568.36,"end":1568.779},{"text":"the","start":1568.779,"end":1569.021},{"text":"focus","start":1569.085,"end":1569.536},{"text":"for","start":1569.649,"end":1569.923},{"text":"all","start":1570.051,"end":1570.148},{"text":"of","start":1570.148,"end":1570.309},{"text":"the","start":1570.309,"end":1570.374},{"text":"marine","start":1570.374,"end":1570.712},{"text":"habitat","start":1570.712,"end":1571.114},{"text":"restoration","start":1571.114,"end":1571.694},{"text":"that's","start":1571.694,"end":1571.887},{"text":"been","start":1571.904,"end":1572.048},{"text":"done","start":1572.081,"end":1572.21},{"text":"to","start":1572.242,"end":1572.322},{"text":"date.","start":1572.322,"end":1572.563}]},{"text":"And that's for obvious reasons.","start":1573.834,"end":1575.667,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":1573.834,"end":1574.139},{"text":"that's","start":1574.574,"end":1574.799},{"text":"for","start":1574.815,"end":1574.895},{"text":"obvious","start":1574.895,"end":1575.281},{"text":"reasons.","start":1575.297,"end":1575.667}]},{"text":"These are nearshore.","start":1575.764,"end":1576.777,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"These","start":1575.764,"end":1575.908},{"text":"are","start":1576.005,"end":1576.182},{"text":"nearshore.","start":1576.182,"end":1576.777}]},{"text":"They are incredibly powerful and productive habitats.","start":1576.89,"end":1579.897,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"They","start":1576.89,"end":1576.986},{"text":"are","start":1577.131,"end":1577.243},{"text":"incredibly","start":1577.243,"end":1577.919},{"text":"powerful","start":1577.935,"end":1578.53},{"text":"and","start":1578.53,"end":1578.803},{"text":"productive","start":1578.835,"end":1579.366},{"text":"habitats.","start":1579.382,"end":1579.897}]},{"text":"Very important nursery areas for things like juvenile fish, and they're accessible and easy to, to get to.","start":1580.797,"end":1588.865,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Very","start":1580.797,"end":1581.022},{"text":"important","start":1581.118,"end":1581.777},{"text":"nursery","start":1581.777,"end":1582.227},{"text":"areas","start":1582.565,"end":1582.951},{"text":"for","start":1583.063,"end":1583.481},{"text":"things","start":1583.481,"end":1583.802},{"text":"like","start":1583.851,"end":1584.092},{"text":"juvenile","start":1584.092,"end":1584.51},{"text":"fish,","start":1584.51,"end":1584.702},{"text":"and","start":1586.261,"end":1586.599},{"text":"they're","start":1586.599,"end":1586.743},{"text":"accessible","start":1586.743,"end":1587.226},{"text":"and","start":1587.226,"end":1587.37},{"text":"easy","start":1587.467,"end":1587.692},{"text":"to,","start":1587.884,"end":1588.142},{"text":"to","start":1588.351,"end":1588.447},{"text":"get","start":1588.447,"end":1588.64},{"text":"to.","start":1588.752,"end":1588.865}]},{"text":"The vegetated habitats are displayed on the screen here, and the other habitat type is the reefs, the coral reefs and the shellfish reefs.","start":1590.297,"end":1601.959,"topics":[{"key":"marine-restoration","label":"Marine Ecosystem Restoration","description":"A major theme was the active restoration of marine habitats such as coral reefs, oyster reefs, shellfish reefs, mangroves, kelp forests, wetlands, and eelgrass meadows. 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location.","start":1810.944,"end":1820.026,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"From","start":1810.944,"end":1811.251},{"text":"those","start":1811.268,"end":1811.494},{"text":"sources,","start":1811.542,"end":1812.14},{"text":"less","start":1812.48,"end":1812.69},{"text":"than","start":1812.884,"end":1813.03},{"text":"25%","start":1813.03,"end":1814.155},{"text":"gave","start":1814.895,"end":1815.169},{"text":"us","start":1815.169,"end":1815.426},{"text":"a","start":1816.021,"end":1816.182},{"text":"high","start":1816.182,"end":1816.375},{"text":"confidence","start":1816.761,"end":1817.468},{"text":"of","start":1817.468,"end":1817.694},{"text":"the","start":1818.369,"end":1818.53},{"text":"area","start":1818.675,"end":1819.157},{"text":"and","start":1819.173,"end":1819.238},{"text":"the","start":1819.334,"end":1819.415},{"text":"location.","start":1819.415,"end":1820.026}]},{"text":"But just from that, you know, less than 25% of records, we can document with high confidence the loss of 1.75 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quite easy to actually go through the IUCN red listing process with that kind of information.","start":1842.935,"end":1847.784,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"It's","start":1842.935,"end":1843.096},{"text":"quite","start":1843.096,"end":1843.337},{"text":"easy","start":1843.337,"end":1843.594},{"text":"to","start":1843.594,"end":1843.722},{"text":"actually","start":1843.818,"end":1844.075},{"text":"go","start":1844.075,"end":1844.252},{"text":"through","start":1844.252,"end":1844.557},{"text":"the","start":1844.557,"end":1844.717},{"text":"IUCN","start":1844.717,"end":1845.36},{"text":"red","start":1845.36,"end":1845.536},{"text":"listing","start":1845.585,"end":1845.857},{"text":"process","start":1845.922,"end":1846.5},{"text":"with","start":1846.548,"end":1846.66},{"text":"that","start":1846.708,"end":1846.853},{"text":"kind","start":1846.885,"end":1847.126},{"text":"of","start":1847.126,"end":1847.222},{"text":"information.","start":1847.222,"end":1847.784}]},{"text":"So if we look at that chart of the location and area of oyster reefs on the right and compare that to the present and future planned areas for offshore wind in the North Sea, you don't have to look at those two charts side by side for very long to know that there is a high degree of overlap from where oysters used to be, where oyster reef used to be, and where offshore wind is or is 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you can't undertake any marine habitat restoration without a policy environment that incentivizes that restoration.","start":1880.92,"end":1891.507,"topics":[{"key":"marine-restoration","label":"Marine Ecosystem Restoration","description":"A major theme was the active restoration of marine habitats such as coral reefs, oyster reefs, shellfish reefs, mangroves, kelp forests, wetlands, and eelgrass meadows. 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Innovative solutions such as linking restoration to existing infrastructure and improving coordination were presented as ways to expand impact."}],"words":[{"text":"Now,","start":1880.92,"end":1880.984},{"text":"you","start":1881.825,"end":1881.857},{"text":"can't","start":1881.986,"end":1882.39},{"text":"undertake","start":1883.053,"end":1883.603},{"text":"any","start":1883.603,"end":1883.78},{"text":"marine","start":1883.78,"end":1884.168},{"text":"habitat","start":1884.492,"end":1884.976},{"text":"restoration","start":1884.976,"end":1885.591},{"text":"without","start":1885.704,"end":1886.189},{"text":"a","start":1886.69,"end":1886.706},{"text":"policy","start":1886.771,"end":1887.336},{"text":"environment","start":1887.336,"end":1888.144},{"text":"that","start":1888.144,"end":1888.322},{"text":"incentivizes","start":1888.888,"end":1889.729},{"text":"that","start":1889.761,"end":1889.987},{"text":"restoration.","start":1889.987,"end":1891.507}]},{"text":"And that is something that is— oops, apologies— something that I don't have time to dive into today, but just to touch on briefly, with this mitigation hierarchy.","start":1892.25,"end":1906.663,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":1892.25,"end":1892.8},{"text":"that","start":1893.301,"end":1893.608},{"text":"is","start":1893.786,"end":1893.931},{"text":"something","start":1893.964,"end":1894.336},{"text":"that","start":1894.433,"end":1894.691},{"text":"is—","start":1894.756,"end":1894.821},{"text":"oops,","start":1896.324,"end":1896.518},{"text":"apologies—","start":1898.202,"end":1898.74},{"text":"something","start":1898.773,"end":1899.066},{"text":"that","start":1899.082,"end":1899.245},{"text":"I","start":1899.245,"end":1899.262},{"text":"don't","start":1899.262,"end":1899.571},{"text":"have","start":1899.571,"end":1899.653},{"text":"time","start":1899.734,"end":1900.012},{"text":"to","start":1900.06,"end":1900.207},{"text":"dive","start":1900.305,"end":1900.664},{"text":"into","start":1900.664,"end":1900.924},{"text":"today,","start":1901.707,"end":1902.049},{"text":"but","start":1902.75,"end":1902.848},{"text":"just","start":1902.848,"end":1903.011},{"text":"to","start":1903.011,"end":1903.158},{"text":"touch","start":1903.158,"end":1903.304},{"text":"on","start":1903.484,"end":1903.549},{"text":"briefly,","start":1903.663,"end":1904.087},{"text":"with","start":1905.092,"end":1905.301},{"text":"this","start":1905.317,"end":1905.557},{"text":"mitigation","start":1905.557,"end":1906.054},{"text":"hierarchy.","start":1906.118,"end":1906.663}]},{"text":"You know, all projects have an impact.","start":1907.977,"end":1909.515,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"You","start":1907.977,"end":1908.057},{"text":"know,","start":1908.057,"end":1908.121},{"text":"all","start":1908.137,"end":1908.185},{"text":"projects","start":1908.377,"end":1908.858},{"text":"have","start":1908.858,"end":1908.97},{"text":"an","start":1909.018,"end":1909.082},{"text":"impact.","start":1909.098,"end":1909.515}]},{"text":"We can avoid some of those impacts, we can minimise some impact we don't— we can't avoid, and for that residual impact, we can actually put in place offsets to mitigate some of that residual impact.","start":1910.316,"end":1926.068,"topics":[{"key":"restoration-finance","label":"Financing for Ocean Restoration","description":"Funding and economic mechanisms for restoration were a recurring issue, including sponsorships, blue carbon, carbon credits, nature markets, philanthropy, and concessional finance. 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Speakers emphasized restoration as a tool to rebuild biodiversity, coastal protection, fisheries productivity, carbon storage, and community resilience."}],"words":[{"text":"So","start":1946.7,"end":1946.748},{"text":"just","start":1946.797,"end":1946.959},{"text":"to","start":1946.959,"end":1947.072},{"text":"say","start":1947.072,"end":1947.364},{"text":"that","start":1947.364,"end":1947.461},{"text":"in","start":1947.461,"end":1947.623},{"text":"Europe","start":1947.623,"end":1947.963},{"text":"there","start":1947.963,"end":1948.174},{"text":"is","start":1948.174,"end":1948.32},{"text":"in","start":1948.352,"end":1948.482},{"text":"fact","start":1948.498,"end":1948.935},{"text":"a","start":1949.486,"end":1949.519},{"text":"policy","start":1949.567,"end":1949.972},{"text":"environment","start":1949.972,"end":1950.685},{"text":"that","start":1950.685,"end":1950.912},{"text":"is","start":1951.349,"end":1951.43},{"text":"a","start":1951.43,"end":1951.511},{"text":"tailwind,","start":1951.511,"end":1952.046},{"text":"it","start":1952.079,"end":1952.176},{"text":"is","start":1952.176,"end":1952.289},{"text":"conducive","start":1952.322,"end":1952.937},{"text":"to","start":1953.278,"end":1953.375},{"text":"habitat","start":1953.375,"end":1953.764},{"text":"restoration.","start":1953.845,"end":1954.395}]},{"text":"So how do we restore an oyster reef?","start":1956.378,"end":1958.18,"topics":[{"key":"marine-restoration","label":"Marine Ecosystem Restoration","description":"A major theme was the active restoration of marine habitats such as coral reefs, oyster reefs, shellfish reefs, mangroves, kelp forests, wetlands, and eelgrass meadows. Speakers emphasized restoration as a tool to rebuild biodiversity, coastal protection, fisheries productivity, carbon storage, and community resilience."}],"words":[{"text":"So","start":1956.378,"end":1956.718},{"text":"how","start":1956.786,"end":1956.82},{"text":"do","start":1956.888,"end":1956.973},{"text":"we","start":1956.973,"end":1957.058},{"text":"restore","start":1957.313,"end":1957.602},{"text":"an","start":1957.67,"end":1957.806},{"text":"oyster","start":1957.823,"end":1958.061},{"text":"reef?","start":1958.061,"end":1958.18}]},{"text":"Restoring an oyster reef is essentially the reverse of overfishing an oyster reef.","start":1958.852,"end":1962.986,"topics":[{"key":"marine-restoration","label":"Marine Ecosystem Restoration","description":"A major theme was the active restoration of marine habitats such as coral reefs, oyster reefs, shellfish reefs, mangroves, kelp forests, wetlands, and eelgrass meadows. 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of thousands of generations of shells cemented together, bring them on board and sell them to the lime kilns as a valuable source, raw material for burning to make lime to make 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call it reef base.","start":2118.064,"end":2118.962,"topics":[{"key":"marine-restoration","label":"Marine Ecosystem Restoration","description":"A major theme was the active restoration of marine habitats such as coral reefs, oyster reefs, shellfish reefs, mangroves, kelp forests, wetlands, and eelgrass meadows. 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Innovative solutions such as linking restoration to existing infrastructure and improving coordination were presented as ways to expand impact."}],"words":[{"text":"So","start":2222.54,"end":2222.734},{"text":"the","start":2222.734,"end":2222.815},{"text":"larvae","start":2222.815,"end":2223.203},{"text":"were","start":2223.203,"end":2223.235},{"text":"transported","start":2223.284,"end":2223.963},{"text":"to","start":2223.963,"end":2224.044},{"text":"the","start":2224.044,"end":2224.19},{"text":"port","start":2224.19,"end":2224.433},{"text":"of","start":2224.433,"end":2224.513},{"text":"Rotterdam","start":2224.513,"end":2225.064},{"text":"before","start":2225.08,"end":2225.484},{"text":"being","start":2225.484,"end":2225.775},{"text":"added","start":2226.034,"end":2226.277},{"text":"into","start":2226.277,"end":2226.617},{"text":"a","start":2226.86,"end":2226.876},{"text":"setting","start":2226.876,"end":2227.28},{"text":"container","start":2228.154,"end":2228.72},{"text":"and","start":2228.72,"end":2228.817},{"text":"attached","start":2228.817,"end":2229.222},{"text":"to","start":2229.27,"end":2229.432},{"text":"rock.","start":2229.432,"end":2229.691}]},{"text":"Here's another project, the REEFcovery project in Belgium.","start":2230.96,"end":2234.792,"topics":[{"key":"marine-restoration","label":"Marine Ecosystem Restoration","description":"A major theme was the active restoration of marine habitats such as coral reefs, oyster reefs, shellfish reefs, mangroves, kelp forests, wetlands, and eelgrass meadows. Speakers emphasized restoration as a tool to rebuild biodiversity, coastal protection, fisheries productivity, carbon storage, and community resilience."}],"words":[{"text":"Here's","start":2230.96,"end":2231.121},{"text":"another","start":2231.153,"end":2231.571},{"text":"project,","start":2231.716,"end":2232.103},{"text":"the","start":2232.119,"end":2232.167},{"text":"REEFcovery","start":2232.167,"end":2232.892},{"text":"project","start":2232.924,"end":2233.536},{"text":"in","start":2234.212,"end":2234.341},{"text":"Belgium.","start":2234.453,"end":2234.792}]},{"text":"This is actually in the car park at the University of Ghent.","start":2236.128,"end":2238.575,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":2236.128,"end":2236.305},{"text":"is","start":2236.305,"end":2236.353},{"text":"actually","start":2236.45,"end":2236.788},{"text":"in","start":2236.788,"end":2236.836},{"text":"the","start":2236.869,"end":2236.949},{"text":"car","start":2236.949,"end":2237.191},{"text":"park","start":2237.191,"end":2237.513},{"text":"at","start":2237.513,"end":2237.593},{"text":"the","start":2237.593,"end":2237.658},{"text":"University","start":2237.658,"end":2238.173},{"text":"of","start":2238.173,"end":2238.253},{"text":"Ghent.","start":2238.318,"end":2238.575}]},{"text":"That's not on the ocean, so we've set up a recirculating system here.","start":2240.698,"end":2244.182,"topics":[{"key":"restoration-capacity","label":"Scaling and Enabling Restoration","description":"Speakers repeatedly returned to the practical barriers to scaling restoration, including limited baseline data, monitoring needs, permitting delays, supply shortages, technical capacity, and the need for trained facilitators. Innovative solutions such as linking restoration to existing infrastructure and improving coordination were presented as ways to expand impact."}],"words":[{"text":"That's","start":2240.698,"end":2240.971},{"text":"not","start":2240.971,"end":2241.244},{"text":"on","start":2241.26,"end":2241.356},{"text":"the","start":2241.356,"end":2241.501},{"text":"ocean,","start":2241.517,"end":2241.822},{"text":"so","start":2241.902,"end":2242.063},{"text":"we've","start":2242.063,"end":2242.175},{"text":"set","start":2242.175,"end":2242.464},{"text":"up","start":2242.464,"end":2242.561},{"text":"a","start":2242.561,"end":2242.641},{"text":"recirculating","start":2242.641,"end":2243.492},{"text":"system","start":2243.524,"end":2243.99},{"text":"here.","start":2243.99,"end":2244.182}]},{"text":"There's a setting tank in the 20-foot shipping container on the left.","start":2244.231,"end":2247.394,"topics":[{"key":"restoration-capacity","label":"Scaling and Enabling Restoration","description":"Speakers repeatedly returned to the practical barriers to scaling restoration, including limited baseline data, monitoring needs, permitting delays, supply shortages, technical capacity, and the need for trained facilitators. Innovative solutions such as linking restoration to existing infrastructure and improving coordination were presented as ways to expand impact."}],"words":[{"text":"There's","start":2244.231,"end":2244.423},{"text":"a","start":2244.423,"end":2244.439},{"text":"setting","start":2244.487,"end":2244.793},{"text":"tank","start":2244.889,"end":2245.21},{"text":"in","start":2245.21,"end":2245.258},{"text":"the","start":2245.355,"end":2245.531},{"text":"20-foot","start":2245.531,"end":2246.013},{"text":"shipping","start":2246.013,"end":2246.302},{"text":"container","start":2246.334,"end":2246.896},{"text":"on","start":2246.896,"end":2247.04},{"text":"the","start":2247.04,"end":2247.121},{"text":"left.","start":2247.121,"end":2247.394}]},{"text":"The container on the right is the water treatment container, so that it has the protein skimmers, the biofilters, the heating, the water conditioning to support the container on the left.","start":2248.084,"end":2259.998,"topics":[{"key":"restoration-capacity","label":"Scaling and Enabling Restoration","description":"Speakers repeatedly returned to the practical barriers to scaling restoration, including limited baseline data, monitoring needs, permitting delays, supply shortages, technical capacity, and the need for trained facilitators. Innovative solutions such as linking restoration to existing infrastructure and improving coordination were presented as ways to expand impact."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2248.084,"end":2248.164},{"text":"container","start":2248.164,"end":2248.662},{"text":"on","start":2248.662,"end":2248.742},{"text":"the","start":2248.742,"end":2248.887},{"text":"right","start":2248.887,"end":2249.192},{"text":"is","start":2249.369,"end":2249.513},{"text":"the","start":2249.706,"end":2249.899},{"text":"water","start":2250.011,"end":2250.332},{"text":"treatment","start":2250.332,"end":2250.782},{"text":"container,","start":2250.894,"end":2251.392},{"text":"so","start":2251.408,"end":2251.697},{"text":"that","start":2251.697,"end":2251.922},{"text":"it","start":2252.098,"end":2252.307},{"text":"has","start":2252.58,"end":2252.805},{"text":"the","start":2252.997,"end":2253.142},{"text":"protein","start":2253.142,"end":2253.527},{"text":"skimmers,","start":2253.624,"end":2254.025},{"text":"the","start":2254.121,"end":2254.202},{"text":"biofilters,","start":2254.202,"end":2255.053},{"text":"the","start":2255.149,"end":2255.245},{"text":"heating,","start":2255.245,"end":2255.534},{"text":"the","start":2256.53,"end":2256.674},{"text":"water","start":2256.674,"end":2256.931},{"text":"conditioning","start":2256.931,"end":2257.461},{"text":"to","start":2257.798,"end":2257.895},{"text":"support","start":2257.895,"end":2258.505},{"text":"the","start":2258.698,"end":2258.778},{"text":"container","start":2258.922,"end":2259.468},{"text":"on","start":2259.484,"end":2259.581},{"text":"the","start":2259.581,"end":2259.661},{"text":"left.","start":2259.661,"end":2259.998}]},{"text":"And that's the rock with larvae being set on it in that container on the left.","start":2260.528,"end":2265.136,"topics":[{"key":"marine-restoration","label":"Marine Ecosystem Restoration","description":"A major theme was the active restoration of marine habitats such as coral reefs, oyster reefs, shellfish reefs, mangroves, kelp forests, wetlands, and eelgrass meadows. Speakers emphasized restoration as a tool to rebuild biodiversity, coastal protection, fisheries productivity, carbon storage, and community resilience."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":2260.528,"end":2260.624},{"text":"that's","start":2260.624,"end":2260.945},{"text":"the","start":2260.945,"end":2261.09},{"text":"rock","start":2261.09,"end":2261.411},{"text":"with","start":2262.069,"end":2262.198},{"text":"larvae","start":2262.294,"end":2262.712},{"text":"being","start":2262.712,"end":2262.92},{"text":"set","start":2262.953,"end":2263.338},{"text":"on","start":2263.338,"end":2263.434},{"text":"it","start":2263.434,"end":2263.707},{"text":"in","start":2263.755,"end":2263.804},{"text":"that","start":2263.9,"end":2264.141},{"text":"container","start":2264.141,"end":2264.558},{"text":"on","start":2264.558,"end":2264.719},{"text":"the","start":2264.719,"end":2264.863},{"text":"left.","start":2264.863,"end":2265.136}]},{"text":"And where those oysters are destined to go is in fact the Princess Elisabeth Energy Island in Belgium.","start":2267.189,"end":2275.015,"topics":[{"key":"marine-restoration","label":"Marine Ecosystem Restoration","description":"A major theme was the active restoration of marine habitats such as coral reefs, oyster reefs, shellfish reefs, mangroves, kelp forests, wetlands, and eelgrass meadows. Speakers emphasized restoration as a tool to rebuild biodiversity, coastal protection, fisheries productivity, carbon storage, and community resilience."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":2267.189,"end":2267.269},{"text":"where","start":2267.366,"end":2267.67},{"text":"those","start":2267.67,"end":2267.975},{"text":"oysters","start":2268.232,"end":2268.616},{"text":"are","start":2268.873,"end":2269.033},{"text":"destined","start":2269.049,"end":2269.45},{"text":"to","start":2269.45,"end":2269.611},{"text":"go","start":2269.611,"end":2269.915},{"text":"is","start":2270.092,"end":2270.236},{"text":"in","start":2270.236,"end":2270.396},{"text":"fact","start":2270.396,"end":2270.685},{"text":"the","start":2270.797,"end":2270.99},{"text":"Princess","start":2271.134,"end":2271.599},{"text":"Elisabeth","start":2271.599,"end":2272.096},{"text":"Energy","start":2272.096,"end":2272.465},{"text":"Island","start":2272.561,"end":2273.026},{"text":"in","start":2273.123,"end":2273.267},{"text":"Belgium.","start":2273.299,"end":2275.015}]},{"text":"And this is actually a diagram of a real vessel.","start":2275.287,"end":2279.2,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":2275.287,"end":2275.368},{"text":"this","start":2275.464,"end":2275.656},{"text":"is","start":2276.105,"end":2276.314},{"text":"actually","start":2276.666,"end":2277.035},{"text":"a","start":2277.228,"end":2277.388},{"text":"diagram","start":2277.388,"end":2278.174},{"text":"of","start":2278.174,"end":2278.366},{"text":"a","start":2278.366,"end":2278.494},{"text":"real","start":2278.575,"end":2278.895},{"text":"vessel.","start":2278.895,"end":2279.2}]},{"text":"A vessel is depicted at the bottom right there, but the reason for using a 20-foot shipping container is because that is purpose-built to go on the deck of a ship.","start":2279.248,"end":2287.587,"topics":[{"key":"restoration-capacity","label":"Scaling and Enabling Restoration","description":"Speakers repeatedly returned to the practical barriers to scaling restoration, including limited baseline data, monitoring needs, permitting delays, supply shortages, technical capacity, and the need for trained facilitators. 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I'm happy to answer any questions that you might have, either through the meeting organisers or via 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afternoon, delegates and participants.","start":2439.031,"end":2440.833,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Good","start":2439.031,"end":2439.192},{"text":"afternoon,","start":2439.192,"end":2439.578},{"text":"delegates","start":2439.691,"end":2440.222},{"text":"and","start":2440.399,"end":2440.56},{"text":"participants.","start":2440.56,"end":2440.833}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Liana Talau McManus","affiliation":null,"affiliation_full":null,"group":null,"function":"Marine Science and Policy Consultant"}},{"statement_number":9,"paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"And I now wish to give the floor to our fourth panelist, Liana Talau McManus, Marine Science and Policy Consultant.","start":2443.426,"end":2450.569,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":2443.426,"end":2443.651},{"text":"I","start":2443.748,"end":2443.844},{"text":"now","start":2443.844,"end":2444.005},{"text":"wish","start":2444.086,"end":2444.23},{"text":"to","start":2444.311,"end":2444.407},{"text":"give","start":2444.407,"end":2444.649},{"text":"the","start":2444.649,"end":2444.729},{"text":"floor","start":2444.729,"end":2444.954},{"text":"to","start":2444.954,"end":2445.051},{"text":"our","start":2445.051,"end":2445.18},{"text":"fourth","start":2445.196,"end":2445.421},{"text":"panelist,","start":2445.453,"end":2446.097},{"text":"Liana","start":2446.322,"end":2446.981},{"text":"Talau","start":2447.046,"end":2447.416},{"text":"McManus,","start":2447.85,"end":2448.236},{"text":"Marine","start":2448.655,"end":2448.992},{"text":"Science","start":2448.992,"end":2449.379},{"text":"and","start":2449.379,"end":2449.475},{"text":"Policy","start":2449.475,"end":2449.813},{"text":"Consultant.","start":2449.861,"end":2450.569}]},{"text":"They are unfortunately unable to be with us in person today, that have kindly recorded the presentation entitled \"A Planning Process for Marine Ecosystem Restoration in Shared Large Marine Ecosystems : Lessons from the South China Sea and Gulf of Thailand.\"","start":2451.184,"end":2467.483,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"They","start":2451.184,"end":2451.265},{"text":"are","start":2451.265,"end":2451.508},{"text":"unfortunately","start":2451.735,"end":2452.286},{"text":"unable","start":2452.319,"end":2452.643},{"text":"to","start":2452.643,"end":2452.805},{"text":"be","start":2452.805,"end":2452.951},{"text":"with","start":2452.951,"end":2453.129},{"text":"us","start":2453.129,"end":2453.291},{"text":"in","start":2453.291,"end":2453.34},{"text":"person","start":2453.372,"end":2453.697},{"text":"today,","start":2453.697,"end":2453.956},{"text":"that","start":2454.34,"end":2454.42},{"text":"have","start":2454.436,"end":2454.533},{"text":"kindly","start":2454.597,"end":2454.92},{"text":"recorded","start":2454.92,"end":2455.403},{"text":"the","start":2455.403,"end":2455.467},{"text":"presentation","start":2455.548,"end":2456.192},{"text":"entitled","start":2456.241,"end":2456.837},{"text":"\"A","start":2456.95,"end":2457.03},{"text":"Planning","start":2457.03,"end":2457.32},{"text":"Process","start":2457.433,"end":2457.949},{"text":"for","start":2458.384,"end":2458.496},{"text":"Marine","start":2458.496,"end":2458.931},{"text":"Ecosystem","start":2459.044,"end":2459.528},{"text":"Restoration","start":2459.592,"end":2460.22},{"text":"in","start":2460.398,"end":2460.494},{"text":"Shared","start":2460.494,"end":2460.945},{"text":"Large","start":2461.123,"end":2461.429},{"text":"Marine","start":2461.606,"end":2461.912},{"text":"Ecosystems","start":2462.089,"end":2462.718},{"text":":","start":2464.361,"end":2464.572},{"text":"Lessons","start":2464.589,"end":2464.881},{"text":"from","start":2464.979,"end":2465.125},{"text":"the","start":2465.223,"end":2465.255},{"text":"South","start":2465.255,"end":2465.532},{"text":"China","start":2465.564,"end":2465.89},{"text":"Sea","start":2465.89,"end":2466.231},{"text":"and","start":2466.361,"end":2466.508},{"text":"Gulf","start":2466.605,"end":2466.882},{"text":"of","start":2466.882,"end":2466.996},{"text":"Thailand.\"","start":2467.028,"end":2467.483}]},{"text":"Can I ask the Secretary-General to proceed with the presentation?","start":2467.841,"end":2470.264,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Can","start":2467.841,"end":2468.004},{"text":"I","start":2468.004,"end":2468.036},{"text":"ask","start":2468.15,"end":2468.313},{"text":"the","start":2468.313,"end":2468.345},{"text":"Secretary-General","start":2468.345,"end":2468.947},{"text":"to","start":2468.963,"end":2469.028},{"text":"proceed","start":2469.045,"end":2469.468},{"text":"with","start":2469.468,"end":2469.581},{"text":"the","start":2469.614,"end":2469.695},{"text":"presentation?","start":2469.695,"end":2470.264}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":null,"affiliation_full":null,"group":null,"function":"Co-Chair"}},{"statement_number":10,"paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Good afternoon, delegates and participants.","start":2474.434,"end":2476.805,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Good","start":2474.434,"end":2474.596},{"text":"afternoon,","start":2474.596,"end":2475.031},{"text":"delegates","start":2475.144,"end":2475.805},{"text":"and","start":2475.805,"end":2475.934},{"text":"participants.","start":2475.967,"end":2476.805}]},{"text":"Today I present lessons drawn from an ongoing planning process for two shared or transboundary large marine ecosystems, the South China Sea and the Gulf of Thailand.","start":2477.483,"end":2489.079,"topics":[{"key":"regional-governance","label":"Regional and Transboundary Governance","description":"Many speakers emphasized that marine ecosystems cross borders and require coordinated governance across countries, sectors, and jurisdictions. 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Regional partnerships, shared planning frameworks, and transboundary action were presented as essential for restoring large marine ecosystems and managing shared resources."}],"words":[{"text":"I","start":2491.389,"end":2491.405},{"text":"will","start":2491.405,"end":2491.566},{"text":"discuss","start":2491.566,"end":2492.112},{"text":"the","start":2492.112,"end":2492.192},{"text":"main","start":2492.192,"end":2492.417},{"text":"findings","start":2492.514,"end":2493.06},{"text":"of","start":2493.751,"end":2493.831},{"text":"the","start":2493.88,"end":2493.976},{"text":"Transboundary","start":2493.976,"end":2494.667},{"text":"Diagnostic","start":2495.101,"end":2495.824},{"text":"Analysis,","start":2495.824,"end":2496.531},{"text":"or","start":2496.611,"end":2496.659},{"text":"TDA,","start":2496.708,"end":2497.19},{"text":"the","start":2498.459,"end":2498.62},{"text":"identified","start":2498.636,"end":2499.423},{"text":"priority","start":2499.439,"end":2499.97},{"text":"actions","start":2500.066,"end":2500.5},{"text":"that","start":2500.805,"end":2501.031},{"text":"can","start":2501.031,"end":2501.175},{"text":"make","start":2501.207,"end":2501.513},{"text":"up","start":2501.513,"end":2501.69},{"text":"a","start":2502.188,"end":2502.204},{"text":"Strategic","start":2502.252,"end":2502.879},{"text":"Action","start":2502.879,"end":2503.185},{"text":"Program,","start":2503.297,"end":2503.86},{"text":"or","start":2504.005,"end":2504.117},{"text":"SAP,","start":2504.117,"end":2504.664},{"text":"and","start":2505.789,"end":2505.853},{"text":"how","start":2505.934,"end":2506.062},{"text":"the","start":2506.111,"end":2506.255},{"text":"coordinating","start":2506.255,"end":2506.882},{"text":"body","start":2506.995,"end":2507.365},{"text":"of","start":2507.397,"end":2507.493},{"text":"the","start":2507.541,"end":2507.622},{"text":"SEAS","start":2507.622,"end":2507.847},{"text":"of","start":2507.975,"end":2508.184},{"text":"East","start":2508.184,"end":2508.442},{"text":"Asia,","start":2508.462,"end":2508.852},{"text":"or","start":2508.95,"end":2508.998},{"text":"COBSE,","start":2509.112,"end":2509.6},{"text":"can","start":2510.25,"end":2510.461},{"text":"integrate","start":2510.559,"end":2511.144},{"text":"this","start":2511.144,"end":2511.323},{"text":"tool","start":2511.453,"end":2511.664},{"text":"for","start":2512.266,"end":2512.51},{"text":"regional","start":2512.51,"end":2512.9},{"text":"ocean","start":2513.566,"end":2513.859},{"text":"governance.","start":2513.908,"end":2514.525}]},{"text":"In 2016, the global assessment known as the Transboundary Waters Assessment Program of the Global Environment Facility found that the LMEs of Southeastern Asia were most at risk.","start":2517.246,"end":2532.389,"topics":[{"key":"regional-governance","label":"Regional and Transboundary Governance","description":"Many speakers emphasized that marine ecosystems cross borders and require coordinated governance across countries, sectors, and jurisdictions. Regional partnerships, shared planning frameworks, and transboundary action were presented as essential for restoring large marine ecosystems and managing shared resources."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":2517.246,"end":2517.278},{"text":"2016,","start":2517.343,"end":2518.282},{"text":"the","start":2518.946,"end":2519.027},{"text":"global","start":2519.027,"end":2519.432},{"text":"assessment","start":2519.432,"end":2520.193},{"text":"known","start":2520.193,"end":2520.534},{"text":"as","start":2521.052,"end":2521.133},{"text":"the","start":2521.133,"end":2521.181},{"text":"Transboundary","start":2521.246,"end":2521.926},{"text":"Waters","start":2522.105,"end":2522.412},{"text":"Assessment","start":2522.461,"end":2523.092},{"text":"Program","start":2523.092,"end":2523.53},{"text":"of","start":2524.388,"end":2524.485},{"text":"the","start":2524.485,"end":2524.615},{"text":"Global","start":2524.615,"end":2524.955},{"text":"Environment","start":2524.955,"end":2525.522},{"text":"Facility","start":2525.522,"end":2526.133},{"text":"found","start":2526.728,"end":2527.339},{"text":"that","start":2527.757,"end":2527.87},{"text":"the","start":2527.87,"end":2527.998},{"text":"LMEs","start":2528.079,"end":2528.433},{"text":"of","start":2528.754,"end":2528.835},{"text":"Southeastern","start":2528.883,"end":2529.655},{"text":"Asia","start":2529.848,"end":2530.266},{"text":"were","start":2530.813,"end":2530.909},{"text":"most","start":2530.909,"end":2531.52},{"text":"at","start":2531.794,"end":2532.019},{"text":"risk.","start":2532.019,"end":2532.389}]},{"text":"The South China Sea and the Gulf of Thailand sit at ground zero for global environmental change.","start":2535.189,"end":2542.04,"topics":[{"key":"climate-risk","label":"Climate Risk to Marine Ecosystems","description":"Speakers repeatedly highlighted climate change as the central driver of ocean degradation, including coral bleaching, species shifts, stronger storms, sea-level rise, warming waters, and ocean acidification. Discussion focused both on the ecological impacts and on the need for climate adaptation in restoration and coastal planning."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2535.189,"end":2535.27},{"text":"South","start":2535.27,"end":2535.543},{"text":"China","start":2535.591,"end":2535.881},{"text":"Sea","start":2535.929,"end":2536.267},{"text":"and","start":2536.411,"end":2536.476},{"text":"the","start":2536.492,"end":2536.572},{"text":"Gulf","start":2536.637,"end":2536.894},{"text":"of","start":2536.894,"end":2537.023},{"text":"Thailand","start":2537.055,"end":2537.666},{"text":"sit","start":2538.261,"end":2538.743},{"text":"at","start":2538.808,"end":2538.968},{"text":"ground","start":2538.968,"end":2539.387},{"text":"zero","start":2539.387,"end":2539.708},{"text":"for","start":2539.869,"end":2540.11},{"text":"global","start":2540.11,"end":2540.48},{"text":"environmental","start":2540.593,"end":2541.542},{"text":"change.","start":2541.542,"end":2542.04}]},{"text":"It overlaps with the Indo-Pacific Oceanic Warm Pool, in orange, which heats the overlying atmosphere and shapes global climate.","start":2542.92,"end":2552.656,"topics":[{"key":"climate-risk","label":"Climate Risk to Marine Ecosystems","description":"Speakers repeatedly highlighted climate change as the central driver of ocean degradation, including coral bleaching, species shifts, stronger storms, sea-level rise, warming waters, and ocean acidification. Discussion focused both on the ecological impacts and on the need for climate adaptation in restoration and coastal planning."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":2542.92,"end":2542.952},{"text":"overlaps","start":2542.952,"end":2543.535},{"text":"with","start":2543.745,"end":2543.826},{"text":"the","start":2543.826,"end":2543.907},{"text":"Indo-Pacific","start":2544.069,"end":2545.072},{"text":"Oceanic","start":2545.137,"end":2545.703},{"text":"Warm","start":2545.703,"end":2545.914},{"text":"Pool,","start":2546.092,"end":2546.302},{"text":"in","start":2546.998,"end":2547.047},{"text":"orange,","start":2547.241,"end":2547.694},{"text":"which","start":2548.358,"end":2548.503},{"text":"heats","start":2548.617,"end":2549.021},{"text":"the","start":2549.021,"end":2549.167},{"text":"overlying","start":2549.248,"end":2549.798},{"text":"atmosphere","start":2550.057,"end":2550.656},{"text":"and","start":2551.125,"end":2551.271},{"text":"shapes","start":2551.271,"end":2551.772},{"text":"global","start":2551.772,"end":2552.158},{"text":"climate.","start":2552.238,"end":2552.656}]},{"text":"These are next to the Coral Triangle, in blue, which boasts of being the epicenter for shallow marine water biodiversity.","start":2554.248,"end":2562.848,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"These","start":2554.248,"end":2554.393},{"text":"are","start":2554.489,"end":2554.586},{"text":"next","start":2554.586,"end":2555.052},{"text":"to","start":2555.052,"end":2555.149},{"text":"the","start":2555.149,"end":2555.229},{"text":"Coral","start":2555.229,"end":2555.567},{"text":"Triangle,","start":2555.695,"end":2556.226},{"text":"in","start":2556.435,"end":2556.483},{"text":"blue,","start":2556.596,"end":2556.885},{"text":"which","start":2557.625,"end":2557.785},{"text":"boasts","start":2557.866,"end":2558.429},{"text":"of","start":2558.429,"end":2558.573},{"text":"being","start":2558.589,"end":2558.895},{"text":"the","start":2558.927,"end":2559.088},{"text":"epicenter","start":2559.088,"end":2559.956},{"text":"for","start":2560.329,"end":2560.427},{"text":"shallow","start":2560.444,"end":2561},{"text":"marine","start":2561,"end":2561.376},{"text":"water","start":2561.409,"end":2561.818},{"text":"biodiversity.","start":2561.818,"end":2562.848}]},{"text":"The South China Sea, which helps maintain this diversity, contains a third of global marine species count, but the major river systems in this region convey the most single-use plastics to the global ocean.","start":2564.169,"end":2580.01,"topics":[{"key":"pollution-control","label":"Pollution and Water Quality","description":"Pollution was discussed as a major stressor on ocean health, including plastics, sewage, nutrient runoff, eutrophication, sedimentation, and harmful algal blooms. Speakers connected better pollution control and water-quality management to healthier fisheries, reefs, seagrasses, and coastal economies."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2564.169,"end":2564.201},{"text":"South","start":2564.201,"end":2564.492},{"text":"China","start":2564.524,"end":2564.864},{"text":"Sea,","start":2564.864,"end":2565.204},{"text":"which","start":2565.478,"end":2565.656},{"text":"helps","start":2565.656,"end":2566.045},{"text":"maintain","start":2566.045,"end":2566.514},{"text":"this","start":2567.112,"end":2567.387},{"text":"diversity,","start":2567.419,"end":2568.05},{"text":"contains","start":2568.551,"end":2569.101},{"text":"a","start":2569.214,"end":2569.23},{"text":"third","start":2569.295,"end":2569.91},{"text":"of","start":2570.346,"end":2570.443},{"text":"global","start":2570.508,"end":2570.961},{"text":"marine","start":2570.993,"end":2571.284},{"text":"species","start":2571.333,"end":2571.85},{"text":"count,","start":2571.964,"end":2572.416},{"text":"but","start":2573.322,"end":2573.419},{"text":"the","start":2573.484,"end":2573.549},{"text":"major","start":2573.55,"end":2573.905},{"text":"river","start":2573.905,"end":2574.228},{"text":"systems","start":2574.228,"end":2574.842},{"text":"in","start":2575.019,"end":2575.084},{"text":"this","start":2575.116,"end":2575.358},{"text":"region","start":2575.358,"end":2575.73},{"text":"convey","start":2576.247,"end":2576.57},{"text":"the","start":2576.796,"end":2576.86},{"text":"most","start":2576.893,"end":2577.232},{"text":"single-use","start":2577.232,"end":2578.023},{"text":"plastics","start":2578.023,"end":2578.766},{"text":"to","start":2579.073,"end":2579.17},{"text":"the","start":2579.17,"end":2579.251},{"text":"global","start":2579.315,"end":2579.622},{"text":"ocean.","start":2579.719,"end":2580.01}]},{"text":"How can ecosystems be restored in such shared and environmentally challenged region.","start":2582.627,"end":2589.926,"topics":[{"key":"regional-governance","label":"Regional and Transboundary Governance","description":"Many speakers emphasized that marine ecosystems cross borders and require coordinated governance across countries, sectors, and jurisdictions. Regional partnerships, shared planning frameworks, and transboundary action were presented as essential for restoring large marine ecosystems and managing shared resources."},{"key":"marine-restoration","label":"Marine Ecosystem Restoration","description":"A major theme was the active restoration of marine habitats such as coral reefs, oyster reefs, shellfish reefs, mangroves, kelp forests, wetlands, and eelgrass meadows. Speakers emphasized restoration as a tool to rebuild biodiversity, coastal protection, fisheries productivity, carbon storage, and community resilience."}],"words":[{"text":"How","start":2582.627,"end":2582.788},{"text":"can","start":2582.853,"end":2583.046},{"text":"ecosystems","start":2583.046,"end":2583.886},{"text":"be","start":2584.08,"end":2584.306},{"text":"restored","start":2584.306,"end":2584.903},{"text":"in","start":2585.468,"end":2585.581},{"text":"such","start":2585.613,"end":2585.904},{"text":"shared","start":2585.936,"end":2586.55},{"text":"and","start":2587.123,"end":2587.514},{"text":"environmentally","start":2587.694,"end":2588.573},{"text":"challenged","start":2588.688,"end":2589.388},{"text":"region.","start":2589.567,"end":2589.926}]},{"text":"A participatory assessment and planning process may be key to restoring ecosystems in shared LMEs.","start":2593.276,"end":2602.487,"topics":[{"key":"regional-governance","label":"Regional and Transboundary Governance","description":"Many speakers emphasized that marine ecosystems cross borders and require coordinated governance across countries, sectors, and jurisdictions. Regional partnerships, shared planning frameworks, and transboundary action were presented as essential for restoring large marine ecosystems and managing shared resources."},{"key":"marine-restoration","label":"Marine Ecosystem Restoration","description":"A major theme was the active restoration of marine habitats such as coral reefs, oyster reefs, shellfish reefs, mangroves, kelp forests, wetlands, and eelgrass meadows. Speakers emphasized restoration as a tool to rebuild biodiversity, coastal protection, fisheries productivity, carbon storage, and community resilience."}],"words":[{"text":"A","start":2593.276,"end":2593.292},{"text":"participatory","start":2593.356,"end":2594.146},{"text":"assessment","start":2595.146,"end":2595.839},{"text":"and","start":2595.936,"end":2596.001},{"text":"planning","start":2596.033,"end":2596.404},{"text":"process","start":2596.516,"end":2597.049},{"text":"may","start":2597.564,"end":2597.726},{"text":"be","start":2597.726,"end":2597.887},{"text":"key","start":2597.951,"end":2598.064},{"text":"to","start":2598.693,"end":2598.822},{"text":"restoring","start":2598.854,"end":2599.386},{"text":"ecosystems","start":2599.596,"end":2600.354},{"text":"in","start":2600.934,"end":2600.999},{"text":"shared","start":2601.08,"end":2601.484},{"text":"LMEs.","start":2601.905,"end":2602.487}]},{"text":"From TDA 1.0 in 2000 to TDA 2.0 in 2026, The drivers now include climate change.","start":2605.383,"end":2615.022,"topics":[{"key":"climate-risk","label":"Climate Risk to Marine Ecosystems","description":"Speakers repeatedly highlighted climate change as the central driver of ocean degradation, including coral bleaching, species shifts, stronger storms, sea-level rise, warming waters, and ocean acidification. 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Innovative solutions such as linking restoration to existing infrastructure and improving coordination were presented as ways to expand impact."}],"words":[{"text":"For","start":2769.787,"end":2769.948},{"text":"mangroves","start":2769.948,"end":2770.654},{"text":"and","start":2771.489,"end":2771.553},{"text":"corals,","start":2771.649,"end":2772.179},{"text":"the","start":2772.772,"end":2772.933},{"text":"rates","start":2772.933,"end":2773.398},{"text":"have","start":2773.398,"end":2773.511},{"text":"been","start":2773.575,"end":2773.783},{"text":"reduced,","start":2773.815,"end":2774.538},{"text":"but","start":2775.324,"end":2775.436},{"text":"lack","start":2775.484,"end":2775.757},{"text":"of","start":2775.757,"end":2775.87},{"text":"data","start":2775.902,"end":2776.303},{"text":"for","start":2776.383,"end":2776.544},{"text":"coastal","start":2776.624,"end":2777.105},{"text":"wetlands","start":2777.105,"end":2777.635},{"text":"is","start":2777.827,"end":2777.972},{"text":"a","start":2777.972,"end":2778.068},{"text":"challenge.","start":2778.068,"end":2778.598}]},{"text":"For seagrasses, the losses are great and may have increased.","start":2779.737,"end":2785.225,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"For","start":2779.737,"end":2779.849},{"text":"seagrasses,","start":2779.849,"end":2780.684},{"text":"the","start":2782,"end":2782.048},{"text":"losses","start":2782.144,"end":2782.529},{"text":"are","start":2782.706,"end":2782.802},{"text":"great","start":2782.802,"end":2783.348},{"text":"and","start":2783.765,"end":2783.829},{"text":"may","start":2783.926,"end":2784.006},{"text":"have","start":2784.15,"end":2784.423},{"text":"increased.","start":2784.551,"end":2785.225}]},{"text":"Although ecosystem protection and management continue to be implemented, the absence of transboundary MPAs and poor monitoring data are major roadblocks.","start":2786.012,"end":2798.329,"topics":[{"key":"protected-areas","label":"Marine Protected Areas and Conservation","description":"Several interventions stressed the importance of marine protected areas, including highly protected national waters, high seas protections, and proposed transboundary MPAs. 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Innovative solutions such as linking restoration to existing infrastructure and improving coordination were presented as ways to expand impact."}],"words":[{"text":"Although","start":2786.012,"end":2786.317},{"text":"ecosystem","start":2786.413,"end":2787.023},{"text":"protection","start":2787.055,"end":2787.649},{"text":"and","start":2787.937,"end":2788.002},{"text":"management","start":2788.082,"end":2788.836},{"text":"continue","start":2788.981,"end":2789.671},{"text":"to","start":2789.687,"end":2789.783},{"text":"be","start":2789.783,"end":2790.024},{"text":"implemented,","start":2790.024,"end":2790.714},{"text":"the","start":2791.468,"end":2791.612},{"text":"absence","start":2791.693,"end":2792.062},{"text":"of","start":2792.174,"end":2792.222},{"text":"transboundary","start":2792.27,"end":2793.009},{"text":"MPAs","start":2793.137,"end":2793.634},{"text":"and","start":2794.357,"end":2794.421},{"text":"poor","start":2794.517,"end":2794.71},{"text":"monitoring","start":2794.758,"end":2795.368},{"text":"data","start":2795.48,"end":2795.977},{"text":"are","start":2796.353,"end":2796.385},{"text":"major","start":2796.385,"end":2796.957},{"text":"roadblocks.","start":2797.496,"end":2798.329}]},{"text":"The news for fisheries is dire.","start":2801.17,"end":2802.845,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2801.17,"end":2801.234},{"text":"news","start":2801.234,"end":2801.331},{"text":"for","start":2801.427,"end":2801.605},{"text":"fisheries","start":2801.605,"end":2802.136},{"text":"is","start":2802.314,"end":2802.378},{"text":"dire.","start":2802.491,"end":2802.845}]},{"text":"The fisheries in the Gulf of Thailand has progressed from being overfished to being collapsed.","start":2803.699,"end":2809.274,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2803.699,"end":2803.844},{"text":"fisheries","start":2803.844,"end":2804.312},{"text":"in","start":2804.344,"end":2804.44},{"text":"the","start":2804.44,"end":2804.586},{"text":"Gulf","start":2804.586,"end":2804.827},{"text":"of","start":2804.827,"end":2804.956},{"text":"Thailand","start":2804.988,"end":2805.488},{"text":"has","start":2805.536,"end":2805.601},{"text":"progressed","start":2805.713,"end":2806.326},{"text":"from","start":2806.342,"end":2806.487},{"text":"being","start":2806.584,"end":2806.809},{"text":"overfished","start":2806.986,"end":2807.776},{"text":"to","start":2808.13,"end":2808.259},{"text":"being","start":2808.292,"end":2808.582},{"text":"collapsed.","start":2808.678,"end":2809.274}]},{"text":"In the South China Sea, overfished stocks can begin to collapse if no regional action is taken.","start":2810.162,"end":2817.521,"topics":[{"key":"regional-governance","label":"Regional and Transboundary Governance","description":"Many speakers emphasized that marine ecosystems cross borders and require coordinated governance across countries, sectors, and jurisdictions. 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Discussion focused both on the ecological impacts and on the need for climate adaptation in restoration and coastal planning."}],"words":[{"text":"Climate","start":2818.696,"end":2819.163},{"text":"change","start":2819.163,"end":2819.55},{"text":"is","start":2819.65,"end":2819.718},{"text":"changing","start":2819.819,"end":2820.307},{"text":"stock","start":2820.425,"end":2820.93},{"text":"composition","start":2820.93,"end":2821.57},{"text":"because","start":2822.178,"end":2822.554},{"text":"of","start":2822.653,"end":2822.718},{"text":"species-specific","start":2822.735,"end":2824.061},{"text":"heat","start":2824.29,"end":2824.552},{"text":"tolerances.","start":2824.797,"end":2825.583}]},{"text":"Human well-being in terms of longevity, education, and income has improved in the last quarter 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2030.","start":2846.788,"end":2851.073,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"However,","start":2846.788,"end":2847.322},{"text":"Zero","start":2847.729,"end":2848.117},{"text":"poverty","start":2848.117,"end":2848.65},{"text":"will","start":2848.763,"end":2848.925},{"text":"not","start":2848.925,"end":2849.119},{"text":"be","start":2849.248,"end":2849.474},{"text":"achieved","start":2849.474,"end":2850.055},{"text":"in","start":2850.055,"end":2850.104},{"text":"2030.","start":2850.201,"end":2851.073}]},{"text":"Projections estimate about 200 million on average will remain poor by 2030.","start":2851.913,"end":2858.987,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Projections","start":2851.913,"end":2852.608},{"text":"estimate","start":2852.785,"end":2853.302},{"text":"about","start":2853.609,"end":2854.013},{"text":"200","start":2854.013,"end":2854.546},{"text":"million","start":2854.578,"end":2855.03},{"text":"on","start":2855.224,"end":2855.353},{"text":"average","start":2855.45,"end":2855.919},{"text":"will","start":2856.274,"end":2856.484},{"text":"remain","start":2856.516,"end":2856.888},{"text":"poor","start":2857.065,"end":2857.275},{"text":"by","start":2857.954,"end":2858.164},{"text":"2030.","start":2858.212,"end":2858.987}]},{"text":"Fisheries in 2019 was valued at $59 billion in 2010 US dollars, among the highest across transboundary LMEs 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regional coral reef tourism accounts for slightly more than 25% of annual global reef tourism.","start":2876.298,"end":2884.078,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2876.298,"end":2876.508},{"text":"regional","start":2876.621,"end":2877.107},{"text":"coral","start":2877.123,"end":2877.398},{"text":"reef","start":2877.511,"end":2877.737},{"text":"tourism","start":2877.77,"end":2878.271},{"text":"accounts","start":2879.064,"end":2879.5},{"text":"for","start":2879.614,"end":2879.711},{"text":"slightly","start":2879.711,"end":2880.244},{"text":"more","start":2880.277,"end":2880.471},{"text":"than","start":2880.584,"end":2880.73},{"text":"25%","start":2880.762,"end":2881.506},{"text":"of","start":2881.975,"end":2882.185},{"text":"annual","start":2882.282,"end":2882.573},{"text":"global","start":2882.703,"end":2883.156},{"text":"reef","start":2883.188,"end":2883.414},{"text":"tourism.","start":2883.592,"end":2884.078}]},{"text":"However, sustaining these livelihoods is challenged by 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Regional partnerships, shared planning frameworks, and transboundary action were presented as essential for restoring large marine ecosystems and managing shared resources."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2946.738,"end":2946.884},{"text":"regional","start":2946.884,"end":2947.32},{"text":"SAP","start":2947.32,"end":2947.773},{"text":"is","start":2948.291,"end":2948.404},{"text":"envisioned","start":2948.453,"end":2948.939},{"text":"to","start":2948.939,"end":2949.055},{"text":"consist","start":2949.089,"end":2949.802},{"text":"of","start":2949.984,"end":2950.3},{"text":"transboundary","start":2950.349,"end":2951.096},{"text":"actions","start":2951.311,"end":2951.627},{"text":"that","start":2952.521,"end":2952.859},{"text":"mutually","start":2952.859,"end":2953.311},{"text":"reinforce","start":2953.424,"end":2954.182},{"text":"national","start":2954.634,"end":2955.263},{"text":"actions,","start":2955.343,"end":2955.811},{"text":"as","start":2956.327,"end":2956.408},{"text":"shown","start":2956.408,"end":2956.859},{"text":"in","start":2957.053,"end":2957.198},{"text":"this","start":2957.198,"end":2957.472},{"text":"enclosed","start":2958.504,"end":2959.117},{"text":"box.","start":2959.15,"end":2959.537}]},{"text":"At the heart of the SAP is the protection of ecosystem services.","start":2962.633,"end":2968.23,"topics":[{"key":"protected-areas","label":"Marine Protected Areas and Conservation","description":"Several interventions stressed the importance of marine protected areas, including highly protected national waters, high seas protections, and proposed transboundary MPAs. 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we can see what happened to them in many— it has done in many places across the world, but I'm going to show you what happened in the Caribbean, the most recent report of the Global Coral Reef Monitoring 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with that, I conclude.","start":4155.32,"end":4156.243,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":4155.32,"end":4155.401},{"text":"with","start":4155.481,"end":4155.595},{"text":"that,","start":4155.643,"end":4155.756},{"text":"I","start":4155.821,"end":4155.87},{"text":"conclude.","start":4155.87,"end":4156.243}]},{"text":"Thank you.","start":4156.536,"end":4156.86,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":4156.536,"end":4156.714},{"text":"you.","start":4156.714,"end":4156.86}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Lorenzo Alvarez Philip","affiliation":"MEX","affiliation_full":"Mexico","group":null,"function":null}},{"statement_number":16,"paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Dr. Alvarez-Philippe.","start":4160.515,"end":4162.465,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":4160.515,"end":4160.694},{"text":"you,","start":4160.694,"end":4160.808},{"text":"Dr.","start":4160.954,"end":4161.717},{"text":"Alvarez-Philippe.","start":4161.815,"end":4162.465}]},{"text":"For your 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presentation is entitled Community Algae Restoration Initiative: Community-Based Algae Research and Restoration in Nova 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floor.","start":4187.549,"end":4188.031,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"You","start":4187.549,"end":4187.63},{"text":"have","start":4187.63,"end":4187.758},{"text":"the","start":4187.79,"end":4187.87},{"text":"floor.","start":4187.87,"end":4188.031}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":null,"affiliation_full":null,"group":null,"function":"Co-Chair"}},{"statement_number":17,"paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Mr. Co-chair.","start":4192.912,"end":4193.811,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":4192.912,"end":4193.089},{"text":"you,","start":4193.089,"end":4193.137},{"text":"Mr.","start":4193.153,"end":4193.282},{"text":"Co-chair.","start":4193.33,"end":4193.811}]},{"text":"Thank you for the opportunity to present on our work with the Community Eelgrass Restoration Initiative and how we're doing community-based eelgrass research and restoration in Nova Scotia, Canada.","start":4194.518,"end":4203.638,"topics":[{"key":"indigenous-stewardship","label":"Indigenous and 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Speakers emphasized restoration as a tool to rebuild biodiversity, coastal protection, fisheries productivity, carbon storage, and community resilience."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":4887.567,"end":4887.792},{"text":"often","start":4887.969,"end":4888.211},{"text":"I","start":4888.453,"end":4888.549},{"text":"get","start":4888.549,"end":4888.791},{"text":"emails","start":4888.871,"end":4889.097},{"text":"from","start":4889.177,"end":4889.258},{"text":"participants","start":4889.274,"end":4889.999},{"text":"when","start":4889.999,"end":4890.176},{"text":"they","start":4890.224,"end":4890.385},{"text":"are","start":4890.385,"end":4890.45},{"text":"traveling","start":4890.45,"end":4890.853},{"text":"on","start":4891.03,"end":4891.143},{"text":"vacation","start":4891.207,"end":4891.691},{"text":"and","start":4891.691,"end":4891.772},{"text":"they","start":4891.772,"end":4891.869},{"text":"see","start":4891.869,"end":4892.078},{"text":"mangroves","start":4892.078,"end":4892.659},{"text":"or","start":4892.659,"end":4892.739},{"text":"coral","start":4892.739,"end":4893.062},{"text":"reefs","start":4893.062,"end":4893.352},{"text":"or","start":4893.449,"end":4893.546},{"text":"wetlands","start":4893.546,"end":4894.078},{"text":"and","start":4894.513,"end":4894.578},{"text":"are","start":4894.61,"end":4894.674},{"text":"getting","start":4894.674,"end":4894.965},{"text":"very","start":4894.997,"end":4895.174},{"text":"excited","start":4895.223,"end":4895.706},{"text":"about","start":4895.706,"end":4895.964},{"text":"these","start":4895.964,"end":4896.093},{"text":"habitats.","start":4896.19,"end":4896.738}]},{"text":"So to steal the hashtag #GenerationRestoration, one of our main focal areas is working with youth, especially Indigenous youth youth as shown here.","start":4898.61,"end":4907.807,"topics":[{"key":"indigenous-stewardship","label":"Indigenous and Community Stewardship","description":"The proceedings highlighted the role of Indigenous peoples and local communities as partners in marine governance and restoration, not merely stakeholders. 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Speakers emphasized restoration as a tool to rebuild biodiversity, coastal protection, fisheries productivity, carbon storage, and community resilience."}],"words":[{"text":"It's","start":4924.239,"end":4924.319},{"text":"like","start":4924.319,"end":4924.48},{"text":"flying","start":4924.48,"end":4924.849},{"text":"over","start":4924.882,"end":4925.122},{"text":"forests.","start":4925.122,"end":4925.685}]},{"text":"The excitement that generates in people to discover what's underneath the waves is something that is incredibly special.","start":4926.488,"end":4932.463,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":4926.488,"end":4926.568},{"text":"excitement","start":4926.568,"end":4927.178},{"text":"that","start":4927.194,"end":4927.853},{"text":"generates","start":4927.853,"end":4928.303},{"text":"in","start":4928.335,"end":4928.383},{"text":"people","start":4928.495,"end":4928.785},{"text":"to","start":4928.817,"end":4928.977},{"text":"discover","start":4928.977,"end":4929.443},{"text":"what's","start":4929.443,"end":4929.62},{"text":"underneath","start":4929.62,"end":4929.989},{"text":"the","start":4930.086,"end":4930.182},{"text":"waves","start":4930.182,"end":4930.551},{"text":"is","start":4930.664,"end":4930.728},{"text":"something","start":4930.728,"end":4931.178},{"text":"that","start":4931.226,"end":4931.387},{"text":"is","start":4931.387,"end":4931.467},{"text":"incredibly","start":4931.467,"end":4932.013},{"text":"special.","start":4932.013,"end":4932.463}]},{"text":"And really connects people to this, especially as Nova Scotia is known and tagline is Canada's Ocean Playground.","start":4933.097,"end":4939.954,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":4933.097,"end":4933.322},{"text":"really","start":4933.435,"end":4933.644},{"text":"connects","start":4933.676,"end":4934.191},{"text":"people","start":4934.223,"end":4934.642},{"text":"to","start":4934.642,"end":4934.771},{"text":"this,","start":4934.803,"end":4934.996},{"text":"especially","start":4935.286,"end":4935.656},{"text":"as","start":4935.753,"end":4935.817},{"text":"Nova","start":4935.849,"end":4936.091},{"text":"Scotia","start":4936.091,"end":4936.493},{"text":"is","start":4936.493,"end":4936.542},{"text":"known","start":4936.67,"end":4936.944},{"text":"and","start":4937.121,"end":4937.475},{"text":"tagline","start":4937.701,"end":4938.216},{"text":"is","start":4938.329,"end":4938.473},{"text":"Canada's","start":4938.651,"end":4939.053},{"text":"Ocean","start":4939.053,"end":4939.294},{"text":"Playground.","start":4939.294,"end":4939.954}]},{"text":"So we're trying to extend that into the water.","start":4940.019,"end":4942.353,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":4940.019,"end":4940.132},{"text":"we're","start":4940.132,"end":4940.26},{"text":"trying","start":4940.26,"end":4940.566},{"text":"to","start":4940.582,"end":4940.615},{"text":"extend","start":4940.615,"end":4941.13},{"text":"that","start":4941.226,"end":4941.5},{"text":"into","start":4941.629,"end":4941.838},{"text":"the","start":4941.886,"end":4941.967},{"text":"water.","start":4942.031,"end":4942.353}]},{"text":"And to conclude, I would like to present a quote from Trinity Nichols, a member of Pictou Landing First Nation, who we work with very closely.","start":4943.853,"end":4951.316,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":4943.853,"end":4943.918},{"text":"to","start":4943.934,"end":4944.031},{"text":"conclude,","start":4944.079,"end":4944.646},{"text":"I","start":4944.727,"end":4944.776},{"text":"would","start":4944.824,"end":4944.921},{"text":"like","start":4944.97,"end":4945.294},{"text":"to","start":4945.294,"end":4945.52},{"text":"present","start":4946.022,"end":4946.281},{"text":"a","start":4946.281,"end":4946.346},{"text":"quote","start":4946.346,"end":4946.686},{"text":"from","start":4946.686,"end":4946.994},{"text":"Trinity","start":4946.994,"end":4947.334},{"text":"Nichols,","start":4947.334,"end":4947.787},{"text":"a","start":4947.965,"end":4947.997},{"text":"member","start":4947.997,"end":4948.386},{"text":"of","start":4948.386,"end":4948.515},{"text":"Pictou","start":4948.548,"end":4948.839},{"text":"Landing","start":4948.855,"end":4949.163},{"text":"First","start":4949.179,"end":4949.503},{"text":"Nation,","start":4949.503,"end":4949.892},{"text":"who","start":4950.07,"end":4950.151},{"text":"we","start":4950.151,"end":4950.248},{"text":"work","start":4950.248,"end":4950.41},{"text":"with","start":4950.41,"end":4950.588},{"text":"very","start":4950.652,"end":4950.814},{"text":"closely.","start":4950.879,"end":4951.316}]},{"text":"She says, our community needs to know what's going on within conservation so we can start it in our own community.","start":4951.92,"end":4957.002,"topics":[{"key":"indigenous-stewardship","label":"Indigenous and Community Stewardship","description":"The proceedings highlighted the role of Indigenous peoples and local communities as partners in marine governance and restoration, not merely stakeholders. 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Speakers emphasized restoration as a tool to rebuild biodiversity, coastal protection, fisheries productivity, carbon storage, and community resilience."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":4963.266,"end":4963.331},{"text":"even","start":4963.412,"end":4963.541},{"text":"though","start":4963.589,"end":4963.718},{"text":"it's","start":4963.75,"end":4963.976},{"text":"not","start":4963.976,"end":4964.138},{"text":"our","start":4964.218,"end":4964.396},{"text":"fault,","start":4964.396,"end":4964.96},{"text":"we're","start":4965.283,"end":4965.428},{"text":"still","start":4965.428,"end":4965.638},{"text":"restoring","start":4965.686,"end":4966.122},{"text":"it.","start":4966.17,"end":4966.219}]},{"text":"Willakliok.","start":4967.58,"end":4968.162,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Willakliok.","start":4967.58,"end":4968.162}]},{"text":"Thank 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I ask the Secretariat to proceed with the presentation?","start":5004.635,"end":5007.804,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"May","start":5004.635,"end":5004.796},{"text":"I","start":5004.796,"end":5004.942},{"text":"ask","start":5005.022,"end":5005.167},{"text":"the","start":5005.2,"end":5005.28},{"text":"Secretariat","start":5005.41,"end":5005.872},{"text":"to","start":5006.45,"end":5006.566},{"text":"proceed","start":5006.599,"end":5006.978},{"text":"with","start":5007.012,"end":5007.16},{"text":"the","start":5007.16,"end":5007.243},{"text":"presentation?","start":5007.243,"end":5007.804}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":null,"affiliation_full":null,"group":null,"function":"Co-Chair"}},{"statement_number":19,"paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Hello, everybody.","start":5010.531,"end":5011.831,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Hello,","start":5010.531,"end":5011.38},{"text":"everybody.","start":5011.397,"end":5011.831}]},{"text":"I'd like to talk to you today about Small Island 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Speakers emphasized restoration as a tool to rebuild biodiversity, coastal protection, fisheries productivity, carbon storage, and community resilience."}],"words":[{"text":"So","start":5155.352,"end":5155.482},{"text":"beach","start":5155.579,"end":5155.805},{"text":"tourism","start":5155.918,"end":5156.371},{"text":"depends","start":5156.484,"end":5156.904},{"text":"on","start":5156.969,"end":5157.098},{"text":"coral","start":5157.115,"end":5157.47},{"text":"reefs,","start":5157.535,"end":5157.939},{"text":"mangroves,","start":5158.036,"end":5158.715},{"text":"seagrass","start":5158.732,"end":5159.265},{"text":"beds,","start":5159.459,"end":5159.686},{"text":"and","start":5159.718,"end":5159.863},{"text":"having","start":5159.863,"end":5160.074},{"text":"comfortable","start":5160.122,"end":5160.575},{"text":"temperatures.","start":5160.607,"end":5161.141}]},{"text":"And we know we have to manage our water properly as well because it's finite and sometimes in short supply.","start":5161.642,"end":5166.448,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":5161.642,"end":5161.691},{"text":"we","start":5161.691,"end":5161.82},{"text":"know","start":5161.82,"end":5162.046},{"text":"we","start":5162.046,"end":5162.143},{"text":"have","start":5162.143,"end":5162.273},{"text":"to","start":5162.321,"end":5162.402},{"text":"manage","start":5162.402,"end":5162.855},{"text":"our","start":5162.855,"end":5162.92},{"text":"water","start":5162.92,"end":5163.195},{"text":"properly","start":5163.259,"end":5163.583},{"text":"as","start":5163.583,"end":5163.648},{"text":"well","start":5163.745,"end":5163.826},{"text":"because","start":5163.923,"end":5164.166},{"text":"it's","start":5164.166,"end":5164.393},{"text":"finite","start":5164.393,"end":5164.943},{"text":"and","start":5165.137,"end":5165.202},{"text":"sometimes","start":5165.234,"end":5165.704},{"text":"in","start":5165.704,"end":5165.801},{"text":"short","start":5165.849,"end":5166.108},{"text":"supply.","start":5166.125,"end":5166.448}]},{"text":"So we have to manage underground sources and protect them from pollution and protect our surface resources and manage our watersheds, and of course address inequality in access to water.","start":5166.918,"end":5177.487,"topics":[{"key":"pollution-control","label":"Pollution and Water Quality","description":"Pollution was discussed as a major stressor on ocean health, including plastics, sewage, nutrient runoff, eutrophication, sedimentation, and harmful algal blooms. 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economies."}],"words":[{"text":"So","start":5166.918,"end":5167.063},{"text":"we","start":5167.063,"end":5167.144},{"text":"have","start":5167.16,"end":5167.29},{"text":"to","start":5167.322,"end":5167.355},{"text":"manage","start":5167.403,"end":5167.792},{"text":"underground","start":5167.873,"end":5168.31},{"text":"sources","start":5168.31,"end":5168.828},{"text":"and","start":5168.86,"end":5169.006},{"text":"protect","start":5169.006,"end":5169.346},{"text":"them","start":5169.346,"end":5169.459},{"text":"from","start":5169.572,"end":5169.686},{"text":"pollution","start":5169.75,"end":5170.204},{"text":"and","start":5170.56,"end":5170.624},{"text":"protect","start":5170.705,"end":5171.11},{"text":"our","start":5171.11,"end":5171.207},{"text":"surface","start":5171.207,"end":5171.531},{"text":"resources","start":5171.772,"end":5172.142},{"text":"and","start":5172.48,"end":5172.657},{"text":"manage","start":5172.738,"end":5173.124},{"text":"our","start":5173.124,"end":5173.301},{"text":"watersheds,","start":5173.301,"end":5173.913},{"text":"and","start":5174.412,"end":5174.509},{"text":"of","start":5174.509,"end":5174.638},{"text":"course","start":5174.654,"end":5175.008},{"text":"address","start":5175.008,"end":5175.426},{"text":"inequality","start":5175.475,"end":5176.248},{"text":"in","start":5176.441,"end":5176.489},{"text":"access","start":5176.586,"end":5176.956},{"text":"to","start":5177.004,"end":5177.165},{"text":"water.","start":5177.165,"end":5177.487}]},{"text":"So let's talk a bit about that tourism dependency.","start":5179.001,"end":5181.319,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":5179.001,"end":5179.097},{"text":"let's","start":5179.097,"end":5179.226},{"text":"talk","start":5179.323,"end":5179.451},{"text":"a","start":5179.5,"end":5179.58},{"text":"bit","start":5179.58,"end":5179.757},{"text":"about","start":5179.757,"end":5180.128},{"text":"that","start":5180.128,"end":5180.385},{"text":"tourism","start":5180.385,"end":5180.9},{"text":"dependency.","start":5180.949,"end":5181.319}]},{"text":"Small Island Developing States are very dependent on tourism.","start":5182.48,"end":5186.029,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Small","start":5182.48,"end":5182.657},{"text":"Island","start":5182.657,"end":5182.867},{"text":"Developing","start":5182.915,"end":5183.367},{"text":"States","start":5183.415,"end":5183.867},{"text":"are","start":5183.948,"end":5184.029},{"text":"very","start":5184.287,"end":5184.577},{"text":"dependent","start":5184.674,"end":5185.303},{"text":"on","start":5185.416,"end":5185.513},{"text":"tourism.","start":5185.561,"end":5186.029}]},{"text":"Caribbean Small Island Developing States are among the most tourism-dependent economies on the planet, and the top 14 tourism-dependent economies in America a small island developing state.","start":5187.272,"end":5199.854,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Caribbean","start":5187.272,"end":5187.917},{"text":"Small","start":5187.917,"end":5188.304},{"text":"Island","start":5188.304,"end":5188.563},{"text":"Developing","start":5188.563,"end":5189.014},{"text":"States","start":5189.063,"end":5189.531},{"text":"are","start":5189.531,"end":5189.611},{"text":"among","start":5189.611,"end":5189.821},{"text":"the","start":5189.853,"end":5189.999},{"text":"most","start":5189.999,"end":5190.467},{"text":"tourism-dependent","start":5190.58,"end":5191.628},{"text":"economies","start":5191.628,"end":5192.161},{"text":"on","start":5192.179,"end":5192.277},{"text":"the","start":5192.277,"end":5192.423},{"text":"planet,","start":5192.423,"end":5192.929},{"text":"and","start":5193.906,"end":5193.972},{"text":"the","start":5194.004,"end":5194.216},{"text":"top","start":5194.216,"end":5194.542},{"text":"14","start":5194.542,"end":5195.178},{"text":"tourism-dependent","start":5195.292,"end":5196.302},{"text":"economies","start":5196.335,"end":5196.889},{"text":"in","start":5196.922,"end":5196.971},{"text":"America","start":5197.068,"end":5197.606},{"text":"a","start":5198.192,"end":5198.208},{"text":"small","start":5198.208,"end":5198.607},{"text":"island","start":5198.607,"end":5198.89},{"text":"developing","start":5198.94,"end":5199.372},{"text":"state.","start":5199.372,"end":5199.854}]},{"text":"When confronted with this, economists looked at this and said, but our fragile economies need to diversify.","start":5202.76,"end":5209.13,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"When","start":5202.76,"end":5202.873},{"text":"confronted","start":5202.873,"end":5203.426},{"text":"with","start":5203.426,"end":5203.605},{"text":"this,","start":5203.605,"end":5203.93},{"text":"economists","start":5204.027,"end":5204.563},{"text":"looked","start":5204.563,"end":5204.758},{"text":"at","start":5204.807,"end":5204.888},{"text":"this","start":5204.888,"end":5205.067},{"text":"and","start":5205.067,"end":5205.165},{"text":"said,","start":5205.165,"end":5205.457},{"text":"but","start":5205.538,"end":5205.652},{"text":"our","start":5206.221,"end":5206.302},{"text":"fragile","start":5206.302,"end":5206.952},{"text":"economies","start":5206.952,"end":5207.553},{"text":"need","start":5207.667,"end":5207.911},{"text":"to","start":5207.911,"end":5208.122},{"text":"diversify.","start":5208.155,"end":5209.13}]},{"text":"It doesn't mean we shouldn't stop tourism.","start":5209.708,"end":5212.839,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"It","start":5209.708,"end":5209.772},{"text":"doesn't","start":5209.772,"end":5210.095},{"text":"mean","start":5210.095,"end":5210.224},{"text":"we","start":5210.257,"end":5210.354},{"text":"shouldn't","start":5210.354,"end":5210.725},{"text":"stop","start":5210.725,"end":5211.709},{"text":"tourism.","start":5212.355,"end":5212.839}]},{"text":"It means that we've got to do other things as well, strengthen what we're already doing, but adapt new strategies, new and broader economies, new types of 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one of the things that's very important to bear in mind is as well that beach tourism in small island developing states depends on healthy coral reefs, and yet these coral reefs are in danger.","start":5227.1,"end":5239.052,"topics":[{"key":"climate-risk","label":"Climate Risk to Marine Ecosystems","description":"Speakers repeatedly highlighted climate change as the central driver of ocean degradation, including coral bleaching, species shifts, stronger storms, sea-level rise, warming waters, and ocean acidification. 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Speakers emphasized restoration as a tool to rebuild biodiversity, coastal protection, fisheries productivity, carbon storage, and community resilience."}],"words":[{"text":"These","start":5616.877,"end":5617.021},{"text":"were","start":5617.053,"end":5617.085},{"text":"less","start":5617.213,"end":5617.486},{"text":"risky","start":5617.518,"end":5617.903},{"text":"and","start":5618.656,"end":5618.736},{"text":"provided","start":5618.736,"end":5619.233},{"text":"immediate","start":5619.233,"end":5619.939},{"text":"attenuation","start":5619.939,"end":5620.628},{"text":"of","start":5620.724,"end":5620.82},{"text":"waves,","start":5620.82,"end":5621.189},{"text":"and","start":5621.69,"end":5621.755},{"text":"also","start":5621.852,"end":5622.177},{"text":"were","start":5622.193,"end":5622.274},{"text":"attractive","start":5622.436,"end":5622.955},{"text":"because","start":5623.069,"end":5623.377},{"text":"they","start":5623.409,"end":5623.523},{"text":"attracted","start":5625.031,"end":5625.729},{"text":"reef","start":5625.907,"end":5626.134},{"text":"fish.","start":5626.231,"end":5626.361}]},{"text":"However, their costs were much higher, somewhere between 80 and 450% higher than the gray just build a wall solutions.","start":5627.65,"end":5635.067,"topics":[{"key":"restoration-finance","label":"Financing for Ocean Restoration","description":"Funding and economic mechanisms for restoration were a recurring issue, including sponsorships, blue carbon, carbon credits, nature markets, philanthropy, and concessional finance. Speakers also underscored the gap between restoration needs and available long-term funding, especially for vulnerable coastal and island states."}],"words":[{"text":"However,","start":5627.65,"end":5627.908},{"text":"their","start":5628.069,"end":5628.246},{"text":"costs","start":5628.246,"end":5628.649},{"text":"were","start":5628.649,"end":5628.794},{"text":"much","start":5628.794,"end":5628.94},{"text":"higher,","start":5629.036,"end":5629.262},{"text":"somewhere","start":5629.52,"end":5629.859},{"text":"between","start":5629.859,"end":5630.23},{"text":"80","start":5630.326,"end":5630.552},{"text":"and","start":5630.584,"end":5630.81},{"text":"450%","start":5630.907,"end":5631.874},{"text":"higher","start":5631.874,"end":5632.713},{"text":"than","start":5632.987,"end":5633.132},{"text":"the","start":5633.148,"end":5633.309},{"text":"gray","start":5633.309,"end":5633.567},{"text":"just","start":5633.89,"end":5634.083},{"text":"build","start":5634.132,"end":5634.39},{"text":"a","start":5634.39,"end":5634.454},{"text":"wall","start":5634.454,"end":5634.68},{"text":"solutions.","start":5634.696,"end":5635.067}]},{"text":"So money is needed for building resilience in small island developing states exposed to climate change risks.","start":5637.91,"end":5644.067,"topics":[{"key":"restoration-finance","label":"Financing for Ocean Restoration","description":"Funding and economic mechanisms for restoration were a recurring issue, including sponsorships, blue carbon, carbon credits, nature markets, philanthropy, and concessional finance. 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Discussion focused both on the ecological impacts and on the need for climate adaptation in restoration and coastal planning."}],"words":[{"text":"So","start":5637.91,"end":5638.087},{"text":"money","start":5638.167,"end":5638.554},{"text":"is","start":5638.587,"end":5638.715},{"text":"needed","start":5638.828,"end":5639.199},{"text":"for","start":5639.231,"end":5639.57},{"text":"building","start":5639.618,"end":5639.924},{"text":"resilience","start":5640.021,"end":5640.682},{"text":"in","start":5640.682,"end":5640.779},{"text":"small","start":5640.779,"end":5641.182},{"text":"island","start":5641.23,"end":5641.488},{"text":"developing","start":5641.488,"end":5641.939},{"text":"states","start":5641.988,"end":5642.455},{"text":"exposed","start":5642.455,"end":5642.906},{"text":"to","start":5642.923,"end":5642.955},{"text":"climate","start":5643.019,"end":5643.406},{"text":"change","start":5643.406,"end":5643.745},{"text":"risks.","start":5643.809,"end":5644.067}]},{"text":"The problem with that is that to get that funding is difficult.","start":5647.297,"end":5652.034,"topics":[{"key":"restoration-finance","label":"Financing for Ocean Restoration","description":"Funding and economic mechanisms for restoration were a recurring issue, including sponsorships, blue carbon, carbon credits, nature markets, philanthropy, and concessional finance. Speakers also underscored the gap between restoration needs and available long-term funding, especially for vulnerable coastal and island states."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":5647.297,"end":5647.458},{"text":"problem","start":5647.458,"end":5647.875},{"text":"with","start":5647.875,"end":5647.987},{"text":"that","start":5648.036,"end":5648.357},{"text":"is","start":5648.357,"end":5648.565},{"text":"that","start":5648.983,"end":5649.208},{"text":"to","start":5649.657,"end":5649.786},{"text":"get","start":5649.946,"end":5650.284},{"text":"that","start":5650.284,"end":5650.396},{"text":"funding","start":5650.589,"end":5650.974},{"text":"is","start":5651.231,"end":5651.295},{"text":"difficult.","start":5651.568,"end":5652.034}]},{"text":"The IMF, for example, indicated very clearly that funds need to improve access to funds, reduce their administrative hurdles, or as they put it, they're often cumbersome administrative requirements which limited small developing states the ability to meet the requirements.","start":5653.479,"end":5674.924,"topics":[{"key":"restoration-finance","label":"Financing for Ocean Restoration","description":"Funding and economic mechanisms for restoration were a recurring issue, including sponsorships, blue carbon, carbon credits, nature markets, philanthropy, and concessional finance. Speakers also underscored the gap between restoration needs and available long-term funding, especially for vulnerable coastal and island states."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":5653.479,"end":5653.639},{"text":"IMF,","start":5653.72,"end":5654.266},{"text":"for","start":5654.378,"end":5654.522},{"text":"example,","start":5654.522,"end":5655.117},{"text":"indicated","start":5655.261,"end":5656.112},{"text":"very","start":5656.144,"end":5656.385},{"text":"clearly","start":5656.449,"end":5656.915},{"text":"that","start":5657.573,"end":5657.926},{"text":"funds","start":5658.087,"end":5658.44},{"text":"need","start":5658.553,"end":5658.681},{"text":"to","start":5658.713,"end":5658.874},{"text":"improve","start":5658.874,"end":5659.612},{"text":"access","start":5659.661,"end":5660.11},{"text":"to","start":5660.239,"end":5660.367},{"text":"funds,","start":5660.383,"end":5660.768},{"text":"reduce","start":5660.865,"end":5661.443},{"text":"their","start":5661.443,"end":5661.555},{"text":"administrative","start":5661.668,"end":5662.47},{"text":"hurdles,","start":5662.47,"end":5662.856},{"text":"or","start":5663.675,"end":5663.787},{"text":"as","start":5663.835,"end":5663.9},{"text":"they","start":5663.932,"end":5664.092},{"text":"put","start":5664.092,"end":5664.333},{"text":"it,","start":5664.333,"end":5664.413},{"text":"they're","start":5664.478,"end":5664.815},{"text":"often","start":5665.2,"end":5665.505},{"text":"cumbersome","start":5665.537,"end":5666.115},{"text":"administrative","start":5666.196,"end":5667.079},{"text":"requirements","start":5667.127,"end":5667.753},{"text":"which","start":5668.572,"end":5668.636},{"text":"limited","start":5668.893,"end":5669.375},{"text":"small","start":5669.375,"end":5669.76},{"text":"developing","start":5669.873,"end":5670.451},{"text":"states","start":5670.451,"end":5671.109},{"text":"the","start":5672.669,"end":5672.766},{"text":"ability","start":5672.766,"end":5673.383},{"text":"to","start":5673.496,"end":5673.723},{"text":"meet","start":5673.723,"end":5674.048},{"text":"the","start":5674.048,"end":5674.129},{"text":"requirements.","start":5674.129,"end":5674.924}]},{"text":"We also feel that there should be other criteria used for eligibility to concessional funds instead of GDP per capita.","start":5676.73,"end":5684.891,"topics":[{"key":"restoration-finance","label":"Financing for Ocean Restoration","description":"Funding and economic mechanisms for restoration were a recurring issue, including sponsorships, blue carbon, carbon credits, nature markets, philanthropy, and concessional finance. Speakers also underscored the gap between restoration needs and available long-term funding, especially for vulnerable coastal and island states."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":5676.73,"end":5676.842},{"text":"also","start":5676.842,"end":5677.164},{"text":"feel","start":5677.164,"end":5677.438},{"text":"that","start":5677.551,"end":5677.824},{"text":"there","start":5678.05,"end":5678.211},{"text":"should","start":5678.211,"end":5678.452},{"text":"be","start":5678.452,"end":5678.597},{"text":"other","start":5678.677,"end":5678.903},{"text":"criteria","start":5678.919,"end":5679.756},{"text":"used","start":5679.804,"end":5680.191},{"text":"for","start":5680.223,"end":5680.545},{"text":"eligibility","start":5680.545,"end":5681.269},{"text":"to","start":5681.269,"end":5681.43},{"text":"concessional","start":5681.43,"end":5682.106},{"text":"funds","start":5682.155,"end":5682.525},{"text":"instead","start":5682.557,"end":5683.024},{"text":"of","start":5683.024,"end":5683.169},{"text":"GDP","start":5683.185,"end":5684.328},{"text":"per","start":5684.328,"end":5684.489},{"text":"capita.","start":5684.489,"end":5684.891}]},{"text":"For example, let's use the Human Development Index, and let's also take the Multidimensional Vulnerability Index into account as well.","start":5685.294,"end":5693.797,"topics":[{"key":"restoration-finance","label":"Financing for Ocean Restoration","description":"Funding and economic mechanisms for restoration were a recurring issue, including sponsorships, blue carbon, carbon credits, nature markets, philanthropy, and concessional finance. Speakers also underscored the gap between restoration needs and available long-term funding, especially for vulnerable coastal and island states."}],"words":[{"text":"For","start":5685.294,"end":5685.374},{"text":"example,","start":5685.374,"end":5685.906},{"text":"let's","start":5686.099,"end":5686.211},{"text":"use","start":5686.405,"end":5686.55},{"text":"the","start":5686.55,"end":5686.598},{"text":"Human","start":5686.598,"end":5686.856},{"text":"Development","start":5686.904,"end":5687.468},{"text":"Index,","start":5687.468,"end":5687.838},{"text":"and","start":5688.998,"end":5689.062},{"text":"let's","start":5689.078,"end":5689.271},{"text":"also","start":5689.384,"end":5689.803},{"text":"take","start":5689.803,"end":5690.222},{"text":"the","start":5690.528,"end":5690.608},{"text":"Multidimensional","start":5690.608,"end":5691.655},{"text":"Vulnerability","start":5691.655,"end":5692.428},{"text":"Index","start":5692.46,"end":5692.863},{"text":"into","start":5692.863,"end":5693.056},{"text":"account","start":5693.105,"end":5693.507},{"text":"as","start":5693.523,"end":5693.604},{"text":"well.","start":5693.668,"end":5693.797}]},{"text":"Let's all remember GDP is not a measure of human well-being.","start":5694.715,"end":5698.506,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Let's","start":5694.715,"end":5694.844},{"text":"all","start":5694.957,"end":5695.15},{"text":"remember","start":5695.199,"end":5695.73},{"text":"GDP","start":5695.829,"end":5696.27},{"text":"is","start":5696.27,"end":5696.384},{"text":"not","start":5696.417,"end":5696.662},{"text":"a","start":5696.662,"end":5696.841},{"text":"measure","start":5697.053,"end":5697.461},{"text":"of","start":5697.657,"end":5697.772},{"text":"human","start":5697.788,"end":5698.049},{"text":"well-being.","start":5698.049,"end":5698.506}]},{"text":"When we look at information provided by the ODI, they indicate that resilience financing that's allocated to Small Island Developing States is lower than for other developing countries.","start":5701.433,"end":5713.529,"topics":[{"key":"restoration-finance","label":"Financing for Ocean Restoration","description":"Funding and economic mechanisms for restoration were a recurring issue, including sponsorships, blue carbon, carbon credits, nature markets, philanthropy, and concessional finance. Speakers also underscored the gap between restoration needs and available long-term funding, especially for vulnerable coastal and island states."}],"words":[{"text":"When","start":5701.433,"end":5701.497},{"text":"we","start":5701.529,"end":5701.674},{"text":"look","start":5701.69,"end":5701.866},{"text":"at","start":5701.866,"end":5702.026},{"text":"information","start":5702.652,"end":5703.262},{"text":"provided","start":5703.294,"end":5703.855},{"text":"by","start":5703.855,"end":5704.016},{"text":"the","start":5704.016,"end":5704.176},{"text":"ODI,","start":5704.176,"end":5704.465},{"text":"they","start":5705.54,"end":5705.7},{"text":"indicate","start":5705.7,"end":5706.246},{"text":"that","start":5706.246,"end":5706.31},{"text":"resilience","start":5707.144,"end":5707.866},{"text":"financing","start":5707.866,"end":5708.508},{"text":"that's","start":5708.508,"end":5708.62},{"text":"allocated","start":5708.813,"end":5709.374},{"text":"to","start":5709.374,"end":5709.47},{"text":"Small","start":5709.47,"end":5709.791},{"text":"Island","start":5709.791,"end":5710.096},{"text":"Developing","start":5710.096,"end":5710.529},{"text":"States","start":5710.529,"end":5710.866},{"text":"is","start":5710.914,"end":5711.043},{"text":"lower","start":5711.299,"end":5711.604},{"text":"than","start":5711.957,"end":5712.085},{"text":"for","start":5712.118,"end":5712.342},{"text":"other","start":5712.422,"end":5712.599},{"text":"developing","start":5712.599,"end":5713.128},{"text":"countries.","start":5713.16,"end":5713.529}]},{"text":"SIDS get 7 times less finance than least developed countries, 11 times less than lower middle income countries, and 5 times less than the upper middle income countries.","start":5714.38,"end":5724.599,"topics":[{"key":"restoration-finance","label":"Financing for Ocean Restoration","description":"Funding and economic mechanisms for restoration were a recurring issue, including sponsorships, blue carbon, carbon credits, nature markets, philanthropy, and concessional finance. Speakers also underscored the gap between restoration needs and available long-term funding, especially for vulnerable coastal and island states."}],"words":[{"text":"SIDS","start":5714.38,"end":5714.652},{"text":"get","start":5714.684,"end":5714.861},{"text":"7","start":5714.861,"end":5715.342},{"text":"times","start":5715.471,"end":5715.936},{"text":"less","start":5716.032,"end":5716.289},{"text":"finance","start":5716.289,"end":5716.818},{"text":"than","start":5716.995,"end":5717.075},{"text":"least","start":5717.171,"end":5717.412},{"text":"developed","start":5717.412,"end":5717.813},{"text":"countries,","start":5717.813,"end":5718.262},{"text":"11","start":5718.952,"end":5719.369},{"text":"times","start":5719.417,"end":5719.866},{"text":"less","start":5719.898,"end":5720.171},{"text":"than","start":5720.203,"end":5720.267},{"text":"lower","start":5720.38,"end":5720.685},{"text":"middle","start":5720.685,"end":5720.893},{"text":"income","start":5720.925,"end":5721.262},{"text":"countries,","start":5721.326,"end":5721.792},{"text":"and","start":5722.144,"end":5722.209},{"text":"5","start":5722.225,"end":5722.562},{"text":"times","start":5722.562,"end":5722.915},{"text":"less","start":5722.931,"end":5723.203},{"text":"than","start":5723.251,"end":5723.348},{"text":"the","start":5723.348,"end":5723.492},{"text":"upper","start":5723.492,"end":5723.733},{"text":"middle","start":5723.733,"end":5723.989},{"text":"income","start":5723.989,"end":5724.31},{"text":"countries.","start":5724.374,"end":5724.599}]},{"text":"An allocation of climate finance is not linked to vulnerability.","start":5725.449,"end":5729.168,"topics":[{"key":"restoration-finance","label":"Financing for Ocean Restoration","description":"Funding and economic mechanisms for restoration were a recurring issue, including sponsorships, blue carbon, carbon credits, nature markets, philanthropy, and concessional finance. Speakers also underscored the gap between restoration needs and available long-term funding, especially for vulnerable coastal and island states."}],"words":[{"text":"An","start":5725.449,"end":5725.497},{"text":"allocation","start":5725.675,"end":5726.273},{"text":"of","start":5726.273,"end":5726.338},{"text":"climate","start":5726.338,"end":5726.807},{"text":"finance","start":5726.807,"end":5727.389},{"text":"is","start":5727.389,"end":5727.47},{"text":"not","start":5727.616,"end":5727.89},{"text":"linked","start":5727.939,"end":5728.246},{"text":"to","start":5728.262,"end":5728.359},{"text":"vulnerability.","start":5728.359,"end":5729.168}]},{"text":"So how are we going to move forward?","start":5729.976,"end":5731.335,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":5729.976,"end":5730.138},{"text":"how","start":5730.138,"end":5730.268},{"text":"are","start":5730.284,"end":5730.365},{"text":"we","start":5730.365,"end":5730.462},{"text":"going","start":5730.462,"end":5730.656},{"text":"to","start":5730.704,"end":5730.801},{"text":"move","start":5730.801,"end":5731.011},{"text":"forward?","start":5731.011,"end":5731.335}]},{"text":"For a SIDS 2.0 with more resilient economies, we need to have increased access to low-cost financial capital, overseas development assistance, special funds, loans, and grants.","start":5732.84,"end":5743.37,"topics":[{"key":"restoration-finance","label":"Financing for Ocean Restoration","description":"Funding and economic mechanisms for restoration were a recurring issue, including sponsorships, blue carbon, carbon credits, nature markets, philanthropy, and concessional finance. 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our question relates to, uh, Ms. Boder's presentation.","start":5867.322,"end":5871.641,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":5867.322,"end":5867.611},{"text":"our","start":5867.964,"end":5868.061},{"text":"question","start":5868.061,"end":5868.446},{"text":"relates","start":5868.446,"end":5868.799},{"text":"to,","start":5869.008,"end":5869.281},{"text":"uh,","start":5869.602,"end":5869.65},{"text":"Ms.","start":5869.811,"end":5870.244},{"text":"Boder's","start":5870.308,"end":5870.886},{"text":"presentation.","start":5871.031,"end":5871.641}]},{"text":"Um, thank you very much for that, it was really 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Regional partnerships, shared planning frameworks, and transboundary action were presented as essential for restoring large marine ecosystems and managing shared resources."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":5875.51,"end":5875.815},{"text":"we","start":5875.928,"end":5875.976},{"text":"have","start":5875.976,"end":5876.088},{"text":"a","start":5876.088,"end":5876.104},{"text":"number","start":5876.104,"end":5876.329},{"text":"of","start":5876.329,"end":5876.409},{"text":"initiatives","start":5876.409,"end":5876.939},{"text":"happening","start":5877.357,"end":5877.742},{"text":"at","start":5877.999,"end":5878.143},{"text":"both","start":5878.336,"end":5878.513},{"text":"a","start":5878.513,"end":5878.577},{"text":"regional","start":5878.577,"end":5878.978},{"text":"and","start":5878.978,"end":5879.091},{"text":"national","start":5879.091,"end":5879.46},{"text":"level","start":5879.46,"end":5879.701},{"text":"on","start":5879.701,"end":5879.781},{"text":"seagrass","start":5879.781,"end":5880.134},{"text":"restoration,","start":5880.263,"end":5880.873},{"text":"and","start":5881.788,"end":5881.949},{"text":"we","start":5882.013,"end":5882.093},{"text":"recognize","start":5882.093,"end":5882.719},{"text":"the","start":5882.8,"end":5883.024},{"text":"importance","start":5883.089,"end":5884.18},{"text":"of","start":5884.18,"end":5884.229},{"text":"this","start":5884.261,"end":5884.389},{"text":"for","start":5884.502,"end":5884.582},{"text":"all","start":5884.582,"end":5884.694},{"text":"the","start":5884.694,"end":5884.774},{"text":"reasons","start":5884.774,"end":5885.096},{"text":"you","start":5885.096,"end":5885.24},{"text":"outlined","start":5885.24,"end":5885.577},{"text":"in","start":5885.577,"end":5885.625},{"text":"your","start":5885.625,"end":5885.69},{"text":"presentation.","start":5885.722,"end":5886.332}]},{"text":"And our question relates to where you identified policy and particularly permitting as a challenge, and we'd be interested to learn more about how you see permitting as a challenge and if there was advice that you could offer us to take home at a national level on the permitting challenge in particular, to see how that can support the restoration of seagrass.","start":5887.231,"end":5906.756,"topics":[{"key":"marine-restoration","label":"Marine Ecosystem Restoration","description":"A major theme was the active restoration of marine habitats such as coral reefs, oyster reefs, shellfish reefs, mangroves, kelp forests, wetlands, and eelgrass meadows. 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challenges.","start":6065.646,"end":6067.432,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":6065.646,"end":6065.795},{"text":"that","start":6065.795,"end":6065.944},{"text":"has","start":6065.96,"end":6066.109},{"text":"been","start":6066.555,"end":6066.721},{"text":"one","start":6066.721,"end":6066.82},{"text":"of","start":6066.82,"end":6066.902},{"text":"the","start":6066.902,"end":6067.018},{"text":"challenges.","start":6067.035,"end":6067.432}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Christina Boyd","affiliation":"CAN","affiliation_full":"Canada","group":null,"function":"Research Scientist; Lead Scientist"}},{"statement_number":23,"paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Ms. Porter.","start":6070.78,"end":6071.583,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":6070.78,"end":6070.892},{"text":"you,","start":6070.892,"end":6070.94},{"text":"Ms.","start":6070.956,"end":6071.133},{"text":"Porter.","start":6071.213,"end":6071.583}]},{"text":"Any other delegations?","start":6072.74,"end":6073.993,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Any","start":6072.74,"end":6072.981},{"text":"other","start":6072.981,"end":6073.157},{"text":"delegations?","start":6073.222,"end":6073.993}]},{"text":"While you're thinking, maybe I'll just ask a general question to our panelists.","start":6074.668,"end":6079.311,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"While","start":6074.668,"end":6074.86},{"text":"you're","start":6074.892,"end":6075.374},{"text":"thinking,","start":6075.374,"end":6075.76},{"text":"maybe","start":6075.872,"end":6076.258},{"text":"I'll","start":6076.258,"end":6076.885},{"text":"just","start":6076.933,"end":6077.238},{"text":"ask","start":6077.302,"end":6077.415},{"text":"a","start":6077.463,"end":6077.479},{"text":"general","start":6077.543,"end":6077.881},{"text":"question","start":6077.881,"end":6078.25},{"text":"to","start":6078.282,"end":6078.411},{"text":"our","start":6078.523,"end":6078.732},{"text":"panelists.","start":6078.829,"end":6079.311}]},{"text":"Sort of what are the biggest challenges that are hampering the efforts undertaken to restore the marine ecosystems?","start":6079.809,"end":6088.872,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Sort","start":6079.809,"end":6079.953},{"text":"of","start":6079.953,"end":6080.098},{"text":"what","start":6080.21,"end":6080.339},{"text":"are","start":6080.371,"end":6080.532},{"text":"the","start":6080.532,"end":6080.628},{"text":"biggest","start":6080.628,"end":6080.918},{"text":"challenges","start":6080.918,"end":6081.385},{"text":"that","start":6081.417,"end":6081.562},{"text":"are","start":6081.562,"end":6081.61},{"text":"hampering","start":6081.804,"end":6082.19},{"text":"the","start":6082.303,"end":6082.56},{"text":"efforts","start":6082.689,"end":6083.108},{"text":"undertaken","start":6083.43,"end":6083.961},{"text":"to","start":6084.863,"end":6085.072},{"text":"restore","start":6086.891,"end":6087.374},{"text":"the","start":6087.374,"end":6087.439},{"text":"marine","start":6087.439,"end":6087.728},{"text":"ecosystems?","start":6088.179,"end":6088.872}]},{"text":"Is it primarily lack of funding or lack of awareness organizational challenges, local, national, or international level?","start":6089.242,"end":6096.484,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Is","start":6089.242,"end":6089.355},{"text":"it","start":6089.387,"end":6089.773},{"text":"primarily","start":6089.773,"end":6090.16},{"text":"lack","start":6090.275,"end":6090.391},{"text":"of","start":6090.458,"end":6090.524},{"text":"funding","start":6090.524,"end":6090.988},{"text":"or","start":6091.087,"end":6091.187},{"text":"lack","start":6091.187,"end":6091.353},{"text":"of","start":6091.353,"end":6091.435},{"text":"awareness","start":6091.435,"end":6091.949},{"text":"organizational","start":6092.112,"end":6093.1},{"text":"challenges,","start":6093.569,"end":6094.104},{"text":"local,","start":6094.444,"end":6094.849},{"text":"national,","start":6094.865,"end":6095.399},{"text":"or","start":6095.432,"end":6095.513},{"text":"international","start":6095.513,"end":6096.144},{"text":"level?","start":6096.144,"end":6096.484}]},{"text":"So how do you see ways to tackle these challenges?","start":6096.954,"end":6099.529,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":6096.954,"end":6097.067},{"text":"how","start":6097.067,"end":6097.164},{"text":"do","start":6097.278,"end":6097.359},{"text":"you","start":6097.359,"end":6097.521},{"text":"see","start":6097.715,"end":6097.99},{"text":"ways","start":6098.023,"end":6098.233},{"text":"to","start":6098.346,"end":6098.476},{"text":"tackle","start":6098.573,"end":6098.913},{"text":"these","start":6098.913,"end":6099.043},{"text":"challenges?","start":6099.14,"end":6099.529}]},{"text":"And maybe are there any sort of improvisations in new technology that might help with this?","start":6100.22,"end":6106.817,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":6100.22,"end":6100.382},{"text":"maybe","start":6100.398,"end":6100.821},{"text":"are","start":6101.13,"end":6101.227},{"text":"there","start":6101.227,"end":6101.39},{"text":"any","start":6101.39,"end":6101.601},{"text":"sort","start":6102.625,"end":6102.787},{"text":"of","start":6102.787,"end":6102.901},{"text":"improvisations","start":6103.421,"end":6104.363},{"text":"in","start":6104.396,"end":6104.445},{"text":"new","start":6104.737,"end":6105.046},{"text":"technology","start":6105.046,"end":6105.745},{"text":"that","start":6105.761,"end":6105.94},{"text":"might","start":6105.94,"end":6106.183},{"text":"help","start":6106.248,"end":6106.476},{"text":"with","start":6106.508,"end":6106.655},{"text":"this?","start":6106.655,"end":6106.817}]},{"text":"Maybe we'll take Belgium, and then our panelists can think about this a 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will resume and conclude discussion under this segment tomorrow afternoon with 6 additional panel presentations.","start":6772.07,"end":6778.944,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":6772.07,"end":6772.118},{"text":"will","start":6772.183,"end":6772.296},{"text":"resume","start":6772.344,"end":6772.797},{"text":"and","start":6772.911,"end":6773.056},{"text":"conclude","start":6773.056,"end":6773.428},{"text":"discussion","start":6773.461,"end":6773.93},{"text":"under","start":6774.027,"end":6774.205},{"text":"this","start":6774.205,"end":6774.318},{"text":"segment","start":6774.431,"end":6774.836},{"text":"tomorrow","start":6774.836,"end":6775.515},{"text":"afternoon","start":6775.58,"end":6776.113},{"text":"with","start":6776.469,"end":6776.68},{"text":"6","start":6776.728,"end":6777.149},{"text":"additional","start":6777.197,"end":6777.731},{"text":"panel","start":6777.763,"end":6778.071},{"text":"presentations.","start":6778.087,"end":6778.944}]},{"text":"Let me, before I adjourn the meeting, check if the Secretariat has any messages for 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to remind delegations and observers that we do not have a meeting tomorrow morning.","start":6789.462,"end":6794.727,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Just","start":6789.462,"end":6789.72},{"text":"to","start":6789.72,"end":6789.816},{"text":"remind","start":6789.816,"end":6790.17},{"text":"delegations","start":6790.17,"end":6790.788},{"text":"and","start":6790.918,"end":6791.146},{"text":"observers","start":6791.244,"end":6791.716},{"text":"that","start":6791.748,"end":6791.944},{"text":"we","start":6792.139,"end":6792.334},{"text":"do","start":6792.383,"end":6792.595},{"text":"not","start":6792.725,"end":6793.132},{"text":"have","start":6793.132,"end":6793.457},{"text":"a","start":6793.457,"end":6793.555},{"text":"meeting","start":6793.555,"end":6793.913},{"text":"tomorrow","start":6794.027,"end":6794.369},{"text":"morning.","start":6794.369,"end":6794.727}]},{"text":"We will have the next meeting tomorrow afternoon from 3 to 6.","start":6795.533,"end":6799.242,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":6795.533,"end":6795.63},{"text":"will","start":6795.694,"end":6795.904},{"text":"have","start":6795.92,"end":6796.226},{"text":"the","start":6796.339,"end":6796.42},{"text":"next","start":6796.42,"end":6796.904},{"text":"meeting","start":6796.904,"end":6797.194},{"text":"tomorrow","start":6797.307,"end":6797.678},{"text":"afternoon","start":6797.694,"end":6798.242},{"text":"from","start":6798.275,"end":6798.517},{"text":"3","start":6798.517,"end":6798.758},{"text":"to","start":6798.758,"end":6798.904},{"text":"6.","start":6798.904,"end":6799.242}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"UN","affiliation_full":"UN","group":null,"function":"Secretariat"}},{"statement_number":42,"paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you.","start":6799.549,"end":6799.823,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":6799.549,"end":6799.791},{"text":"you.","start":6799.791,"end":6799.823}]},{"text":"Thank 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thanks also go to all the delegations who have participated in the discussions.","start":6812.103,"end":6816.668,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Our","start":6812.103,"end":6812.264},{"text":"thanks","start":6812.264,"end":6812.684},{"text":"also","start":6812.813,"end":6813.038},{"text":"go","start":6813.054,"end":6813.264},{"text":"to","start":6813.296,"end":6813.409},{"text":"all","start":6813.619,"end":6813.667},{"text":"the","start":6813.716,"end":6813.877},{"text":"delegations","start":6813.877,"end":6814.571},{"text":"who","start":6814.748,"end":6814.813},{"text":"have","start":6814.845,"end":6815.055},{"text":"participated","start":6815.168,"end":6815.813},{"text":"in","start":6815.813,"end":6815.861},{"text":"the","start":6815.893,"end":6816.022},{"text":"discussions.","start":6816.055,"end":6816.668}]},{"text":"So please join me in thanking our distinguished panelists in the usual 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Discussion focused both on the ecological impacts and on the need for climate adaptation in restoration and coastal planning."},{"key":"protected-areas","label":"Marine Protected Areas and Conservation","description":"Several interventions stressed the importance of marine protected areas, including highly protected national waters, high seas protections, and proposed transboundary MPAs. The discussion linked protected areas to biodiversity conservation, fisheries recovery, reef resilience, and long-term ecosystem services."},{"key":"pollution-control","label":"Pollution and Water Quality","description":"Pollution was discussed as a major stressor on ocean health, including plastics, sewage, nutrient runoff, eutrophication, sedimentation, and harmful algal blooms. Speakers connected better pollution control and water-quality management to healthier fisheries, reefs, seagrasses, and coastal economies."},{"key":"marine-restoration","label":"Marine Ecosystem Restoration","description":"A major theme was the active restoration of marine habitats such as coral reefs, oyster reefs, shellfish reefs, mangroves, kelp forests, wetlands, and eelgrass meadows. Speakers emphasized restoration as a tool to rebuild biodiversity, coastal protection, fisheries productivity, carbon storage, and community resilience."},{"key":"regional-governance","label":"Regional and Transboundary Governance","description":"Many speakers emphasized that marine ecosystems cross borders and require coordinated governance across countries, sectors, and jurisdictions. Regional partnerships, shared planning frameworks, and transboundary action were presented as essential for restoring large marine ecosystems and managing shared resources."},{"key":"restoration-finance","label":"Financing for Ocean Restoration","description":"Funding and economic mechanisms for restoration were a recurring issue, including sponsorships, blue carbon, carbon credits, nature markets, philanthropy, and concessional finance. Speakers also underscored the gap between restoration needs and available long-term funding, especially for vulnerable coastal and island states."},{"key":"restoration-capacity","label":"Scaling and Enabling Restoration","description":"Speakers repeatedly returned to the practical barriers to scaling restoration, including limited baseline data, monitoring needs, permitting delays, supply shortages, technical capacity, and the need for trained facilitators. Innovative solutions such as linking restoration to existing infrastructure and improving coordination were presented as ways to expand impact."},{"key":"indigenous-stewardship","label":"Indigenous and Community Stewardship","description":"The proceedings highlighted the role of Indigenous peoples and local communities as partners in marine governance and restoration, not merely stakeholders. Community-led and Indigenous-informed approaches were presented as vital for legitimacy, stewardship, knowledge integration, and long-term success."}]}}