{"disclaimer":"Transcripts available through this tool are created by using automatic speech recognition and are not official records nor official documents of the United Nations. Official records and official documents are available on the Official Document System of the United Nations.","url":"https://transcripts.un.org/en/asset/k1i/k1ijdnl2vz","llms":{"note":"Plain-text sibling of this page, compact for LLM context. For the full API guide (search, listing, URL grammar) see /llms.txt.","textUrl":"/en/asset/k1i/k1ijdnl2vz.txt","guide":"/llms.txt"},"video":{"id":"k1i/k1ijdnl2vz","kaltura_id":"1_ijdnl2vz","title":"Successful Stories: Implementing a Moratorium on the Use of the Death Penalty - Good Practices and Experiences From All Regions","clean_title":"Successful Stories: Implementing a Moratorium on the Use of the Death Penalty - Good Practices and Experiences From All Regions","url":"https://webtv.un.org/en/asset/k1i/k1ijdnl2vz","date":"2026-10-09T00:00:00.000Z","scheduled_time":"2026-10-09T19:00:00.000Z","status":"finished","duration":"01:27:16","category":"Meetings & 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this is really the spirit of today's event.","start":37.27,"end":41.03,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":37.27,"end":37.47},{"text":"this","start":37.47,"end":37.59},{"text":"is","start":37.59,"end":37.75},{"text":"really","start":37.75,"end":38.15},{"text":"the","start":38.15,"end":38.55},{"text":"spirit","start":39.35,"end":40.15},{"text":"of","start":40.23,"end":40.39},{"text":"today's","start":40.39,"end":40.75},{"text":"event.","start":40.75,"end":41.03}]},{"text":"It's about the success stories.","start":41.03,"end":42.63,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"It's","start":41.03,"end":41.27},{"text":"about","start":41.27,"end":41.67},{"text":"the","start":41.67,"end":41.75},{"text":"success","start":41.75,"end":42.19},{"text":"stories.","start":42.19,"end":42.63}]},{"text":"It's about talking about the good practices and the experiences from all different 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and Shireen has mentioned this, it's only 17 countries who are known to have carried out execution.","start":285.67,"end":294.79,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Yet,","start":285.67,"end":286.23},{"text":"and","start":286.55,"end":286.75},{"text":"Shireen","start":286.75,"end":287.19},{"text":"has","start":287.19,"end":287.35},{"text":"mentioned","start":287.35,"end":287.83},{"text":"this,","start":287.83,"end":288.15},{"text":"it's","start":288.15,"end":288.39},{"text":"only","start":288.39,"end":288.71},{"text":"17","start":288.71,"end":289.59},{"text":"countries","start":289.59,"end":290.39},{"text":"who","start":291.35,"end":291.55},{"text":"are","start":291.55,"end":291.67},{"text":"known","start":291.67,"end":292.15},{"text":"to","start":292.23,"end":292.39},{"text":"have","start":292.39,"end":292.71},{"text":"carried","start":292.71,"end":293.11},{"text":"out","start":293.11,"end":293.59},{"text":"execution.","start":293.75,"end":294.79}]},{"text":"17 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which the death penalty can be 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If I could just push you a little bit, because I think you make such a great point there about 10 years ago versus the 1950s, right?","start":1060.07,"end":1068.11,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thanks,","start":1060.07,"end":1060.23},{"text":"Ambassador.","start":1060.23,"end":1060.95},{"text":"If","start":1060.95,"end":1061.15},{"text":"I","start":1061.15,"end":1061.23},{"text":"could","start":1061.23,"end":1061.35},{"text":"just","start":1061.35,"end":1061.59},{"text":"push","start":1061.59,"end":1061.87},{"text":"you","start":1061.87,"end":1061.99},{"text":"a","start":1061.99,"end":1062.03},{"text":"little","start":1062.03,"end":1062.27},{"text":"bit,","start":1062.27,"end":1062.39},{"text":"because","start":1062.39,"end":1062.67},{"text":"I","start":1062.67,"end":1062.75},{"text":"think","start":1062.75,"end":1063.07},{"text":"you","start":1063.07,"end":1063.27},{"text":"make","start":1063.27,"end":1063.55},{"text":"such","start":1063.55,"end":1063.79},{"text":"a","start":1063.79,"end":1063.87},{"text":"great","start":1063.87,"end":1064.11},{"text":"point","start":1064.11,"end":1064.39},{"text":"there","start":1064.39,"end":1064.63},{"text":"about","start":1064.63,"end":1064.99},{"text":"10","start":1065.47,"end":1065.71},{"text":"years","start":1065.71,"end":1065.95},{"text":"ago","start":1065.95,"end":1066.19},{"text":"versus","start":1066.19,"end":1066.59},{"text":"the","start":1066.59,"end":1066.75},{"text":"1950s,","start":1066.75,"end":1067.71},{"text":"right?","start":1067.71,"end":1068.11}]},{"text":"Because you're saying that in both instances, when you tried to abolish, there was pushback, but 10 years ago, it didn't stick.","start":1068.11,"end":1075.55,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Because","start":1068.11,"end":1068.47},{"text":"you're","start":1068.47,"end":1068.63},{"text":"saying","start":1068.63,"end":1068.91},{"text":"that","start":1068.91,"end":1069.19},{"text":"in","start":1069.19,"end":1069.39},{"text":"both","start":1069.39,"end":1069.71},{"text":"instances,","start":1069.71,"end":1070.39},{"text":"when","start":1070.39,"end":1070.83},{"text":"you","start":1070.99,"end":1071.15},{"text":"tried","start":1071.15,"end":1071.35},{"text":"to","start":1071.35,"end":1071.51},{"text":"abolish,","start":1071.51,"end":1072.11},{"text":"there","start":1072.19,"end":1072.39},{"text":"was","start":1072.39,"end":1072.67},{"text":"pushback,","start":1072.67,"end":1073.31},{"text":"but","start":1073.31,"end":1073.55},{"text":"10","start":1073.95,"end":1074.19},{"text":"years","start":1074.19,"end":1074.43},{"text":"ago,","start":1074.43,"end":1074.75},{"text":"it","start":1074.75,"end":1074.87},{"text":"didn't","start":1074.87,"end":1075.27},{"text":"stick.","start":1075.27,"end":1075.55}]},{"text":"So what's your advice to those who perhaps are newer to abolishing the death penalty in terms of what are the key things, the two key things they must watch out for and make sure they do so that it's sustainable.","start":1075.71,"end":1090.15,"topics":[{"key":"public-political-leadership","label":"Public Support, Political Leadership, and Civil Society","description":"A recurring theme was that abolition depends on strong political leadership, engagement with public opinion, and sustained advocacy by civil society, lawyers, and researchers. 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Speakers framed abolition as a human rights objective and as a marker of a more just legal system."}],"words":[{"text":"So","start":1147.51,"end":1147.67},{"text":"I'm","start":1147.67,"end":1147.87},{"text":"wondering","start":1147.87,"end":1148.39},{"text":"how","start":1148.55,"end":1149.03},{"text":"the","start":1149.03,"end":1149.23},{"text":"decision","start":1149.23,"end":1149.71},{"text":"by","start":1149.71,"end":1149.91},{"text":"Sierra","start":1149.91,"end":1150.27},{"text":"Leone","start":1150.27,"end":1150.55},{"text":"to","start":1150.55,"end":1150.67},{"text":"abolish","start":1150.67,"end":1151.11},{"text":"the","start":1151.11,"end":1151.19},{"text":"death","start":1151.19,"end":1151.43},{"text":"penalty","start":1151.43,"end":1152.07},{"text":"was","start":1152.23,"end":1152.47},{"text":"influenced,","start":1152.47,"end":1153.11},{"text":"perhaps,","start":1153.11,"end":1153.59},{"text":"by","start":1153.59,"end":1153.75},{"text":"other","start":1153.75,"end":1154.07},{"text":"African","start":1154.07,"end":1154.43},{"text":"nations","start":1154.43,"end":1154.79},{"text":"who","start":1154.79,"end":1154.87},{"text":"came","start":1154.87,"end":1155.07},{"text":"before","start":1155.07,"end":1155.43},{"text":"you.","start":1155.43,"end":1155.67}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"AI","group":null,"function":null,"affiliation_full":"AI"}},{"statement_number":8,"start":1159.19,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1i/k1ijdnl2vz?t=19:20","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you very much.","start":1159.19,"end":1160.23,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":1159.19,"end":1159.35},{"text":"you","start":1159.35,"end":1159.43},{"text":"very","start":1159.43,"end":1159.59},{"text":"much.","start":1159.59,"end":1160.23}]},{"text":"Let me start by saying thank you to everybody for organizing this and also to the Interregional Tax Force for all their efforts from inception to date.","start":1161.95,"end":1172.27,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Let","start":1161.95,"end":1162.03},{"text":"me","start":1162.03,"end":1162.15},{"text":"start","start":1162.15,"end":1162.39},{"text":"by","start":1162.39,"end":1162.55},{"text":"saying","start":1162.55,"end":1162.87},{"text":"thank","start":1162.87,"end":1163.27},{"text":"you","start":1163.27,"end":1163.43},{"text":"to","start":1163.43,"end":1163.63},{"text":"everybody","start":1163.63,"end":1164.07},{"text":"for","start":1164.07,"end":1164.19},{"text":"organizing","start":1164.19,"end":1164.91},{"text":"this","start":1164.91,"end":1165.43},{"text":"and","start":1165.43,"end":1165.99},{"text":"also","start":1166.23,"end":1166.71},{"text":"to","start":1166.71,"end":1166.79},{"text":"the","start":1166.79,"end":1166.99},{"text":"Interregional","start":1166.99,"end":1167.67},{"text":"Tax","start":1167.67,"end":1168.15},{"text":"Force","start":1168.15,"end":1168.63},{"text":"for","start":1169.35,"end":1169.59},{"text":"all","start":1169.59,"end":1169.75},{"text":"their","start":1169.75,"end":1170.03},{"text":"efforts","start":1170.03,"end":1170.55},{"text":"from","start":1170.55,"end":1170.79},{"text":"inception","start":1170.79,"end":1171.67},{"text":"to","start":1171.67,"end":1171.91},{"text":"date.","start":1171.91,"end":1172.27}]},{"text":"And thank you for this question.","start":1172.39,"end":1174.15,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":1172.39,"end":1172.67},{"text":"thank","start":1172.67,"end":1172.87},{"text":"you","start":1172.87,"end":1172.95},{"text":"for","start":1172.95,"end":1173.11},{"text":"this","start":1173.11,"end":1173.35},{"text":"question.","start":1173.35,"end":1174.15}]},{"text":"In the case of Sierra Leone, it was many, many issues, not just the African states influence.","start":1175.99,"end":1185.03,"topics":[{"key":"death-penalty-abolition","label":"Death Penalty Abolition","description":"The discussion centered on ending capital punishment worldwide, including recent abolition decisions and the broader global trend away from executions. 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They described moratoriums as a practical way to stop executions, build consensus, and prepare legal reforms."},{"key":"deterrence-and-crime","label":"Deterrence and Crime Prevention","description":"Multiple interventions challenged the claim that the death penalty is a uniquely effective deterrent to serious crime, including drug trafficking and murder. Speakers argued that certainty of detection and broader criminal justice policies matter more than the severity of punishment."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":1521.15,"end":1521.27},{"text":"having","start":1521.27,"end":1521.63},{"text":"a","start":1521.63,"end":1521.71},{"text":"moratorium","start":1521.71,"end":1522.43},{"text":"before","start":1522.43,"end":1522.91},{"text":"that","start":1522.91,"end":1523.39},{"text":"creates","start":1523.39,"end":1523.95},{"text":"evidence-based","start":1523.95,"end":1525.27},{"text":"and","start":1525.27,"end":1525.55},{"text":"factual","start":1525.55,"end":1526.43},{"text":"proof","start":1526.91,"end":1527.47},{"text":"that","start":1527.47,"end":1527.87},{"text":"the","start":1527.95,"end":1528.19},{"text":"death","start":1528.27,"end":1528.67},{"text":"penalty","start":1528.67,"end":1529.31},{"text":"does","start":1529.55,"end":1529.95},{"text":"not,","start":1529.95,"end":1530.71},{"text":"having","start":1530.99,"end":1531.39},{"text":"it","start":1531.39,"end":1531.55},{"text":"in","start":1531.55,"end":1531.71},{"text":"place","start":1531.71,"end":1532.03},{"text":"does","start":1532.03,"end":1532.35},{"text":"not","start":1532.35,"end":1532.75},{"text":"reduce","start":1532.99,"end":1533.39},{"text":"the","start":1533.39,"end":1533.51},{"text":"crime","start":1533.51,"end":1533.95},{"text":"rate,","start":1533.99,"end":1534.35},{"text":"having","start":1534.75,"end":1535.19},{"text":"it","start":1535.19,"end":1535.31},{"text":"in","start":1535.31,"end":1535.47},{"text":"place","start":1535.47,"end":1535.87},{"text":"does","start":1535.87,"end":1536.11},{"text":"not","start":1536.11,"end":1536.35},{"text":"deter","start":1536.35,"end":1536.83},{"text":"crimes.","start":1536.83,"end":1537.55}]},{"text":"It shows that actually stopping the executions has its own contributions to fairness and the justice system.","start":1537.79,"end":1548.91,"topics":[{"key":"moratorium-pathway","label":"Moratorium as a Pathway to Abolition","description":"Several speakers discussed formal or de facto moratoriums as an important transitional step toward full legal abolition. They described moratoriums as a practical way to stop executions, build consensus, and prepare legal reforms."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":1537.79,"end":1538.03},{"text":"shows","start":1538.03,"end":1538.67},{"text":"that","start":1538.67,"end":1539.07},{"text":"actually","start":1541.55,"end":1542.35},{"text":"stopping","start":1542.35,"end":1543.07},{"text":"the","start":1543.07,"end":1543.19},{"text":"executions","start":1543.23,"end":1544.27},{"text":"has","start":1544.27,"end":1544.91},{"text":"its","start":1544.91,"end":1545.31},{"text":"own","start":1545.31,"end":1545.79},{"text":"contributions","start":1545.95,"end":1546.83},{"text":"to","start":1546.83,"end":1546.91},{"text":"fairness","start":1546.91,"end":1547.55},{"text":"and","start":1547.55,"end":1547.71},{"text":"the","start":1547.71,"end":1547.79},{"text":"justice","start":1547.79,"end":1548.31},{"text":"system.","start":1548.31,"end":1548.91}]},{"text":"So a moratorium can be a very, very powerful tool towards abolition of the death penalty.","start":1549.67,"end":1558.27,"topics":[{"key":"moratorium-pathway","label":"Moratorium as a Pathway to Abolition","description":"Several speakers discussed formal or de facto moratoriums as an important transitional step toward full legal abolition. 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Speakers framed abolition as a human rights objective and as a marker of a more just legal system."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":1594.27,"end":1594.47},{"text":"I","start":1594.71,"end":1594.75},{"text":"must","start":1594.75,"end":1594.99},{"text":"say","start":1594.99,"end":1595.07},{"text":"I'm","start":1595.07,"end":1595.27},{"text":"very","start":1595.27,"end":1595.47},{"text":"pleased","start":1595.47,"end":1595.79},{"text":"here","start":1595.79,"end":1596.07},{"text":"to","start":1596.07,"end":1596.15},{"text":"share","start":1596.15,"end":1596.63},{"text":"Lebanon's","start":1596.63,"end":1597.15},{"text":"experience,","start":1597.15,"end":1597.83},{"text":"to","start":1598.63,"end":1598.79},{"text":"shed","start":1598.79,"end":1598.99},{"text":"some","start":1598.99,"end":1599.19},{"text":"light","start":1599.19,"end":1599.51},{"text":"on","start":1599.51,"end":1599.59},{"text":"my","start":1599.59,"end":1599.75},{"text":"country's","start":1599.75,"end":1600.31},{"text":"most","start":1600.31,"end":1600.67},{"text":"recent","start":1600.67,"end":1601.03},{"text":"decision","start":1601.03,"end":1601.51},{"text":"to","start":1601.51,"end":1601.63},{"text":"abolish","start":1601.67,"end":1602.07},{"text":"the","start":1602.07,"end":1602.19},{"text":"death","start":1602.39,"end":1602.79},{"text":"penalty.","start":1602.79,"end":1603.35}]},{"text":"A development that Lebanon is so proud of.","start":1604.15,"end":1606.91,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"A","start":1604.15,"end":1604.16},{"text":"development","start":1604.15,"end":1604.79},{"text":"that","start":1604.79,"end":1605.23},{"text":"Lebanon","start":1605.55,"end":1606.03},{"text":"is","start":1606.03,"end":1606.23},{"text":"so","start":1606.23,"end":1606.35},{"text":"proud","start":1606.35,"end":1606.67},{"text":"of.","start":1606.67,"end":1606.91}]},{"text":"This step, which further protects and promotes the human rights regime, was taken amid exceptional circumstances in Lebanon and a very complicated security context.","start":1607.95,"end":1617.95,"topics":[{"key":"death-penalty-abolition","label":"Death Penalty Abolition","description":"The discussion centered on ending capital punishment worldwide, including recent abolition decisions and the broader global trend away from executions. Speakers framed abolition as a human rights objective and as a marker of a more just legal system."},{"key":"security-rule-law","label":"Security and Rule of Law","description":"Another major topic was whether states can abolish the death penalty even during armed conflict, political instability, or serious security threats. Speakers argued that legal safeguards and limits on state power are most important precisely in times of crisis."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":1607.95,"end":1608.15},{"text":"step,","start":1608.15,"end":1608.43},{"text":"which","start":1608.43,"end":1608.83},{"text":"further","start":1608.83,"end":1609.31},{"text":"protects","start":1609.31,"end":1609.79},{"text":"and","start":1609.79,"end":1609.91},{"text":"promotes","start":1609.91,"end":1610.59},{"text":"the","start":1610.83,"end":1610.95},{"text":"human","start":1610.95,"end":1611.23},{"text":"rights","start":1611.23,"end":1611.55},{"text":"regime,","start":1611.55,"end":1611.91},{"text":"was","start":1611.91,"end":1612.11},{"text":"taken","start":1612.11,"end":1612.51},{"text":"amid","start":1612.51,"end":1612.91},{"text":"exceptional","start":1612.99,"end":1613.67},{"text":"circumstances","start":1613.67,"end":1614.67},{"text":"in","start":1614.67,"end":1614.75},{"text":"Lebanon","start":1614.75,"end":1615.23},{"text":"and","start":1615.87,"end":1616.07},{"text":"a","start":1616.07,"end":1616.11},{"text":"very","start":1616.11,"end":1616.27},{"text":"complicated","start":1616.27,"end":1616.95},{"text":"security","start":1616.95,"end":1617.43},{"text":"context.","start":1617.43,"end":1617.95}]},{"text":"A context that is undermining and challenging our collective understanding of a rules-based international order with Israeli egregious aggression on Lebanon.","start":1618.99,"end":1630.27,"topics":[{"key":"security-rule-law","label":"Security and Rule of Law","description":"Another major topic was whether states can abolish the death penalty even during armed conflict, political instability, or serious security threats. 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considerations inform this development.","start":1678.79,"end":1681.91,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Several","start":1678.79,"end":1679.19},{"text":"considerations","start":1679.19,"end":1680.15},{"text":"inform","start":1680.31,"end":1680.79},{"text":"this","start":1680.79,"end":1681.19},{"text":"development.","start":1681.19,"end":1681.91}]},{"text":"First, the right to life places a fundamental limit on the state's authority to punish.","start":1682.79,"end":1687.91,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"First,","start":1682.79,"end":1683.27},{"text":"the","start":1683.27,"end":1683.39},{"text":"right","start":1683.39,"end":1683.67},{"text":"to","start":1683.75,"end":1683.91},{"text":"life","start":1683.91,"end":1684.31},{"text":"places","start":1684.63,"end":1685.07},{"text":"a","start":1685.07,"end":1685.11},{"text":"fundamental","start":1685.11,"end":1685.79},{"text":"limit","start":1685.79,"end":1686.23},{"text":"on","start":1686.23,"end":1686.39},{"text":"the","start":1686.39,"end":1686.47},{"text":"state's","start":1686.47,"end":1686.87},{"text":"authority","start":1686.87,"end":1687.35},{"text":"to","start":1687.35,"end":1687.51},{"text":"punish.","start":1687.51,"end":1687.91}]},{"text":"A person convicted of a grave crime must answer for it, but conviction does not extinguish every claim to human dignity.","start":1688.91,"end":1696.91,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"A","start":1688.91,"end":1688.99},{"text":"person","start":1688.99,"end":1689.31},{"text":"convicted","start":1689.31,"end":1689.87},{"text":"of","start":1689.87,"end":1690.03},{"text":"a","start":1690.03,"end":1690.07},{"text":"grave","start":1690.07,"end":1690.35},{"text":"crime","start":1690.35,"end":1690.75},{"text":"must","start":1691.31,"end":1691.59},{"text":"answer","start":1691.59,"end":1691.91},{"text":"for","start":1691.91,"end":1692.11},{"text":"it,","start":1692.11,"end":1692.43},{"text":"but","start":1693.23,"end":1693.43},{"text":"conviction","start":1693.43,"end":1693.91},{"text":"does","start":1693.91,"end":1694.11},{"text":"not","start":1694.11,"end":1694.35},{"text":"extinguish","start":1694.35,"end":1695.07},{"text":"every","start":1695.07,"end":1695.35},{"text":"claim","start":1695.35,"end":1695.79},{"text":"to","start":1695.87,"end":1695.99},{"text":"human","start":1695.99,"end":1696.35},{"text":"dignity.","start":1696.35,"end":1696.91}]},{"text":"Second, every justice system is fallible.","start":1698.11,"end":1701.71,"topics":[{"key":"wrongful-convictions","label":"Wrongful Convictions and Irreversibility","description":"Speakers repeatedly emphasized that no justice system is free from error and that executions cannot be reversed once carried out. The risk of miscarriages of justice was presented as a major reason to reject capital punishment."}],"words":[{"text":"Second,","start":1698.11,"end":1698.67},{"text":"every","start":1700.03,"end":1700.35},{"text":"justice","start":1700.35,"end":1700.71},{"text":"system","start":1700.71,"end":1701.07},{"text":"is","start":1701.07,"end":1701.23},{"text":"fallible.","start":1701.23,"end":1701.71}]},{"text":"Evidence may be unreliable.","start":1702.91,"end":1704.83,"topics":[{"key":"wrongful-convictions","label":"Wrongful Convictions and Irreversibility","description":"Speakers repeatedly emphasized that no justice system is free from error and that executions cannot be reversed once carried out. The risk of miscarriages of justice was presented as a major reason to reject capital punishment."}],"words":[{"text":"Evidence","start":1702.91,"end":1703.39},{"text":"may","start":1703.39,"end":1703.79},{"text":"be","start":1703.79,"end":1704.11},{"text":"unreliable.","start":1704.11,"end":1704.83}]},{"text":"Confessions may be coerced.","start":1705.39,"end":1706.99,"topics":[{"key":"wrongful-convictions","label":"Wrongful Convictions and Irreversibility","description":"Speakers repeatedly emphasized that no justice system is free from error and that executions cannot be reversed once carried out. The risk of miscarriages of justice was presented as a major reason to reject capital punishment."}],"words":[{"text":"Confessions","start":1705.39,"end":1706.03},{"text":"may","start":1706.03,"end":1706.19},{"text":"be","start":1706.19,"end":1706.35},{"text":"coerced.","start":1706.35,"end":1706.99}]},{"text":"An execution makes an error of judgment incapable of remedy.","start":1707.99,"end":1712.03,"topics":[{"key":"wrongful-convictions","label":"Wrongful Convictions and Irreversibility","description":"Speakers repeatedly emphasized that no justice system is free from error and that executions cannot be reversed once carried out. The risk of miscarriages of justice was presented as a major reason to reject capital punishment."}],"words":[{"text":"An","start":1707.99,"end":1708.11},{"text":"execution","start":1708.11,"end":1708.63},{"text":"makes","start":1708.63,"end":1708.99},{"text":"an","start":1708.99,"end":1709.15},{"text":"error","start":1709.15,"end":1709.39},{"text":"of","start":1709.39,"end":1709.63},{"text":"judgment","start":1709.63,"end":1710.19},{"text":"incapable","start":1710.51,"end":1711.23},{"text":"of","start":1711.31,"end":1711.47},{"text":"remedy.","start":1711.47,"end":1712.03}]},{"text":"Whatever confidence we place in our courts, we cannot ask that confidence to bear the weight of infallibility.","start":1713.35,"end":1719.23,"topics":[{"key":"wrongful-convictions","label":"Wrongful Convictions and Irreversibility","description":"Speakers repeatedly emphasized that no justice system is free from error and that executions cannot be reversed once carried out. The risk of miscarriages of justice was presented as a major reason to reject capital punishment."}],"words":[{"text":"Whatever","start":1713.35,"end":1713.71},{"text":"confidence","start":1713.71,"end":1714.19},{"text":"we","start":1714.19,"end":1714.27},{"text":"place","start":1714.27,"end":1714.55},{"text":"in","start":1714.55,"end":1714.67},{"text":"our","start":1714.67,"end":1714.91},{"text":"courts,","start":1714.91,"end":1715.31},{"text":"we","start":1715.31,"end":1715.47},{"text":"cannot","start":1715.47,"end":1715.79},{"text":"ask","start":1715.79,"end":1716.35},{"text":"that","start":1716.35,"end":1716.59},{"text":"confidence","start":1716.59,"end":1717.15},{"text":"to","start":1717.15,"end":1717.31},{"text":"bear","start":1717.31,"end":1717.63},{"text":"the","start":1717.63,"end":1717.71},{"text":"weight","start":1717.71,"end":1718.03},{"text":"of","start":1718.03,"end":1718.27},{"text":"infallibility.","start":1718.27,"end":1719.23}]},{"text":"Third, the claim that capital punishment is a uniquely effective deterrent has not been established.","start":1720.35,"end":1725.55,"topics":[{"key":"deterrence-and-crime","label":"Deterrence and Crime Prevention","description":"Multiple interventions challenged the claim that the death penalty is a uniquely effective deterrent to serious crime, including drug trafficking and murder. 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a country living with the enduring consequences of explosive contamination, that judgment is far from abstract.","start":2103.71,"end":2109.87,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"For","start":2103.71,"end":2103.87},{"text":"a","start":2103.87,"end":2103.95},{"text":"country","start":2103.95,"end":2104.23},{"text":"living","start":2104.23,"end":2104.51},{"text":"with","start":2104.51,"end":2104.71},{"text":"the","start":2104.71,"end":2104.79},{"text":"enduring","start":2104.79,"end":2105.23},{"text":"consequences","start":2105.23,"end":2105.95},{"text":"of","start":2105.95,"end":2106.19},{"text":"explosive","start":2106.19,"end":2106.71},{"text":"contamination,","start":2106.71,"end":2107.55},{"text":"that","start":2107.55,"end":2107.79},{"text":"judgment","start":2107.95,"end":2108.51},{"text":"is","start":2108.51,"end":2108.67},{"text":"far","start":2108.67,"end":2109.07},{"text":"from","start":2109.07,"end":2109.43},{"text":"abstract.","start":2109.43,"end":2109.87}]},{"text":"Thank 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you, Shireen, and thank you for the invitation to come here and for all of you in the room coming to hear these presentations, which have been very inspiring, I must 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your question, there are, of course, moral and philosophical arguments at play in defending capital punishment.","start":2188.95,"end":2195.27,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"To","start":2188.95,"end":2189.11},{"text":"your","start":2189.11,"end":2189.23},{"text":"question,","start":2189.23,"end":2189.75},{"text":"there","start":2189.75,"end":2189.99},{"text":"are,","start":2189.99,"end":2190.11},{"text":"of","start":2190.11,"end":2190.23},{"text":"course,","start":2190.23,"end":2190.71},{"text":"moral","start":2190.71,"end":2191.23},{"text":"and","start":2191.23,"end":2191.35},{"text":"philosophical","start":2191.35,"end":2192.11},{"text":"arguments","start":2192.11,"end":2192.63},{"text":"at","start":2192.63,"end":2192.79},{"text":"play","start":2192.79,"end":2193.35},{"text":"in","start":2193.35,"end":2193.59},{"text":"defending","start":2193.59,"end":2194.15},{"text":"capital","start":2194.15,"end":2194.55},{"text":"punishment.","start":2194.55,"end":2195.27}]},{"text":"But I think in political debate, there are two empirical claims that do much of the work in supporting retention.","start":2195.67,"end":2201.91,"topics":[{"key":"deterrence-and-crime","label":"Deterrence and Crime Prevention","description":"Multiple interventions challenged the claim that the death penalty is a uniquely effective deterrent to serious crime, including drug trafficking and murder. 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The risk of miscarriages of justice was presented as a major reason to reject capital punishment."},{"key":"moratorium-pathway","label":"Moratorium as a Pathway to Abolition","description":"Several speakers discussed formal or de facto moratoriums as an important transitional step toward full legal abolition. They described moratoriums as a practical way to stop executions, build consensus, and prepare legal reforms."},{"key":"death-penalty-abolition","label":"Death Penalty Abolition","description":"The discussion centered on ending capital punishment worldwide, including recent abolition decisions and the broader global trend away from executions. Speakers framed abolition as a human rights objective and as a marker of a more just legal system."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":2460.47,"end":2460.59},{"text":"death","start":2460.59,"end":2460.87},{"text":"row","start":2460.87,"end":2460.99},{"text":"exonerations,","start":2460.99,"end":2461.91},{"text":"as","start":2461.91,"end":2461.99},{"text":"was","start":2461.99,"end":2462.15},{"text":"mentioned","start":2462.15,"end":2462.55},{"text":"before,","start":2462.55,"end":2462.87},{"text":"have","start":2463.11,"end":2463.27},{"text":"contributed","start":2463.27,"end":2464.67},{"text":"directly","start":2464.67,"end":2465.23},{"text":"to","start":2465.23,"end":2465.35},{"text":"moratoria","start":2465.35,"end":2466.03},{"text":"and","start":2466.03,"end":2466.15},{"text":"abolition.","start":2466.15,"end":2466.79}]},{"text":"Here in the States, that's happened, but it's happened elsewhere.","start":2467.11,"end":2469.99,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Here","start":2467.11,"end":2467.47},{"text":"in","start":2467.47,"end":2467.55},{"text":"the","start":2467.55,"end":2467.67},{"text":"States,","start":2467.67,"end":2468.03},{"text":"that's","start":2468.03,"end":2468.31},{"text":"happened,","start":2468.31,"end":2468.63},{"text":"but","start":2468.63,"end":2468.75},{"text":"it's","start":2468.75,"end":2468.99},{"text":"happened","start":2468.99,"end":2469.35},{"text":"elsewhere.","start":2469.35,"end":2469.99}]},{"text":"So I think the most importantly, though, abolition does not require governments to wait for public opinion to shift.","start":2470.71,"end":2477.47,"topics":[{"key":"public-political-leadership","label":"Public Support, Political Leadership, and Civil Society","description":"A recurring theme was that abolition depends on strong political leadership, engagement with public opinion, and sustained advocacy by civil society, lawyers, and researchers. 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Speakers framed abolition as a human rights objective and as a marker of a more just legal system."}],"words":[{"text":"Just","start":2968.83,"end":2969.23},{"text":"to","start":2969.31,"end":2969.67},{"text":"your","start":2969.67,"end":2969.79},{"text":"question","start":2969.79,"end":2970.15},{"text":"then,","start":2970.15,"end":2970.43},{"text":"when","start":2970.87,"end":2971.03},{"text":"we","start":2971.03,"end":2971.15},{"text":"talk","start":2971.15,"end":2971.31},{"text":"about","start":2971.31,"end":2971.63},{"text":"strategic","start":2971.63,"end":2972.27},{"text":"litigation,","start":2972.27,"end":2973.15},{"text":"First","start":2973.63,"end":2973.91},{"text":"and","start":2973.91,"end":2974.03},{"text":"foremost,","start":2974.03,"end":2974.43},{"text":"the","start":2974.43,"end":2974.51},{"text":"easiest","start":2974.51,"end":2974.99},{"text":"piece","start":2974.99,"end":2975.19},{"text":"of","start":2975.19,"end":2975.27},{"text":"litigation","start":2975.27,"end":2975.95},{"text":"you","start":2975.95,"end":2976.03},{"text":"can","start":2976.03,"end":2976.19},{"text":"do","start":2976.19,"end":2976.35},{"text":"is","start":2976.35,"end":2976.59},{"text":"bring","start":2976.59,"end":2976.99},{"text":"a","start":2977.39,"end":2977.43},{"text":"challenge","start":2977.43,"end":2977.79},{"text":"to","start":2977.79,"end":2977.91},{"text":"the","start":2977.91,"end":2977.99},{"text":"death","start":2977.99,"end":2978.19},{"text":"penalty","start":2978.19,"end":2978.59},{"text":"per","start":2978.59,"end":2978.75},{"text":"se.","start":2978.75,"end":2978.95}]},{"text":"It's the easiest thing, but actually it's the most difficult.","start":2978.95,"end":2981.95,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"It's","start":2978.95,"end":2979.19},{"text":"the","start":2979.99,"end":2980.07},{"text":"easiest","start":2980.07,"end":2980.47},{"text":"thing,","start":2980.47,"end":2980.67},{"text":"but","start":2980.67,"end":2980.83},{"text":"actually","start":2980.83,"end":2981.07},{"text":"it's","start":2981.07,"end":2981.31},{"text":"the","start":2981.31,"end":2981.39},{"text":"most","start":2981.39,"end":2981.55},{"text":"difficult.","start":2981.55,"end":2981.95}]},{"text":"It's very, very hard to do.","start":2981.95,"end":2984.03,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"It's","start":2981.95,"end":2982.19},{"text":"very,","start":2982.19,"end":2982.51},{"text":"very","start":2982.51,"end":2982.75},{"text":"hard","start":2982.75,"end":2983.15},{"text":"to","start":2983.47,"end":2983.63},{"text":"do.","start":2983.63,"end":2984.03}]},{"text":"And in fact, countries very rarely abolish by way of constitutional courts.","start":2984.27,"end":2988.59,"topics":[{"key":"death-penalty-abolition","label":"Death Penalty Abolition","description":"The discussion centered on ending capital punishment worldwide, including recent abolition decisions and the broader global trend away from executions. Speakers framed abolition as a human rights objective and as a marker of a more just legal system."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":2984.27,"end":2984.43},{"text":"in","start":2984.43,"end":2984.51},{"text":"fact,","start":2984.51,"end":2984.75},{"text":"countries","start":2984.75,"end":2985.07},{"text":"very","start":2985.07,"end":2985.43},{"text":"rarely","start":2985.43,"end":2985.83},{"text":"abolish","start":2985.83,"end":2986.35},{"text":"by","start":2986.67,"end":2986.83},{"text":"way","start":2986.83,"end":2987.07},{"text":"of","start":2987.07,"end":2987.31},{"text":"constitutional","start":2987.31,"end":2987.95},{"text":"courts.","start":2987.95,"end":2988.59}]},{"text":"Obviously, South Africa is a great example and one I would commend people to read, but it's a rare occurrence.","start":2989.55,"end":2997.51,"topics":[{"key":"death-penalty-abolition","label":"Death Penalty Abolition","description":"The discussion centered on ending capital punishment worldwide, including recent abolition decisions and the broader global trend away from executions. Speakers framed abolition as a human rights objective and as a marker of a more just legal system."}],"words":[{"text":"Obviously,","start":2989.55,"end":2990.03},{"text":"South","start":2990.03,"end":2990.35},{"text":"Africa","start":2990.35,"end":2991.07},{"text":"is","start":2991.39,"end":2991.55},{"text":"a","start":2991.55,"end":2991.63},{"text":"great","start":2992.19,"end":2992.51},{"text":"example","start":2992.51,"end":2993.15},{"text":"and","start":2993.43,"end":2993.55},{"text":"one","start":2993.55,"end":2993.75},{"text":"I","start":2993.75,"end":2993.79},{"text":"would","start":2993.79,"end":2993.95},{"text":"commend","start":2993.95,"end":2994.27},{"text":"people","start":2994.27,"end":2994.59},{"text":"to","start":2994.59,"end":2994.71},{"text":"read,","start":2994.71,"end":2995.15},{"text":"but","start":2996.03,"end":2996.23},{"text":"it's","start":2996.23,"end":2996.47},{"text":"a","start":2996.47,"end":2996.51},{"text":"rare","start":2996.51,"end":2996.87},{"text":"occurrence.","start":2996.87,"end":2997.51}]},{"text":"So if you can't do it in one full swoop as one big sort of challenge.","start":2997.51,"end":3004.23,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":2997.51,"end":2997.79},{"text":"if","start":2998.11,"end":2998.27},{"text":"you","start":2998.27,"end":2998.35},{"text":"can't","start":2998.35,"end":2998.83},{"text":"do","start":2998.83,"end":2998.91},{"text":"it","start":2998.91,"end":2999.23},{"text":"in","start":2999.63,"end":2999.79},{"text":"one","start":2999.79,"end":3000.27},{"text":"full","start":3000.95,"end":3001.11},{"text":"swoop","start":3001.11,"end":3001.51},{"text":"as","start":3001.51,"end":3001.75},{"text":"one","start":3001.75,"end":3002.23},{"text":"big","start":3002.23,"end":3002.91},{"text":"sort","start":3002.91,"end":3003.15},{"text":"of","start":3003.15,"end":3003.35},{"text":"challenge.","start":3003.67,"end":3004.23}]},{"text":"The question is, what else can you do?","start":3004.23,"end":3006.23,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":3004.23,"end":3004.31},{"text":"question","start":3004.31,"end":3004.63},{"text":"is,","start":3004.63,"end":3004.87},{"text":"what","start":3005.07,"end":3005.35},{"text":"else","start":3005.35,"end":3005.55},{"text":"can","start":3005.55,"end":3005.83},{"text":"you","start":3005.83,"end":3005.91},{"text":"do?","start":3005.91,"end":3006.23}]},{"text":"I mean, reference is made, of course, ultimately, and we all know this around the table here, political leadership is the key, is the driving force, and others then join that sort of force, as it were.","start":3007.75,"end":3020.35,"topics":[{"key":"public-political-leadership","label":"Public Support, Political Leadership, and Civil Society","description":"A recurring theme was that abolition depends on strong political leadership, engagement with public opinion, and sustained advocacy by civil society, lawyers, and researchers. 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second, I think, important area is strategic litigation, broad constitutional challenges to aspects of the death 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the issue of the death penalty We can't challenge it per 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then we said, how can we challenge aspects of it?","start":3100.59,"end":3103.19,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":3100.59,"end":3100.79},{"text":"then","start":3100.79,"end":3100.99},{"text":"we","start":3100.99,"end":3101.15},{"text":"said,","start":3101.15,"end":3101.47},{"text":"how","start":3101.55,"end":3101.79},{"text":"can","start":3101.79,"end":3101.91},{"text":"we","start":3101.91,"end":3102.03},{"text":"challenge","start":3102.03,"end":3102.35},{"text":"aspects","start":3102.35,"end":3102.87},{"text":"of","start":3102.87,"end":3103.07},{"text":"it?","start":3103.07,"end":3103.19}]},{"text":"How can we find ways to restrict its use, its scope, its application?","start":3103.55,"end":3107.63,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"How","start":3103.55,"end":3103.79},{"text":"can","start":3103.79,"end":3103.91},{"text":"we","start":3103.91,"end":3104.03},{"text":"find","start":3104.03,"end":3104.27},{"text":"ways","start":3104.27,"end":3104.51},{"text":"to","start":3104.51,"end":3104.63},{"text":"restrict","start":3104.63,"end":3105.15},{"text":"its","start":3105.15,"end":3105.31},{"text":"use,","start":3105.31,"end":3105.79},{"text":"its","start":3105.95,"end":3106.23},{"text":"scope,","start":3106.23,"end":3106.55},{"text":"its","start":3106.67,"end":3106.91},{"text":"application?","start":3106.91,"end":3107.63}]},{"text":"That has been hugely successful in creating conditions, I think, for abolition.","start":3108.11,"end":3113.31,"topics":[{"key":"death-penalty-abolition","label":"Death Penalty Abolition","description":"The discussion centered on ending capital punishment worldwide, including recent abolition decisions and the broader 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we've managed to limit where countries and courts can impose the death penalty.","start":3132.79,"end":3137.55,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":3132.79,"end":3132.91},{"text":"we've","start":3132.91,"end":3133.15},{"text":"managed","start":3133.15,"end":3133.51},{"text":"to","start":3133.51,"end":3133.59},{"text":"limit","start":3133.59,"end":3134.03},{"text":"where","start":3134.27,"end":3134.75},{"text":"countries","start":3134.91,"end":3135.59},{"text":"and","start":3135.59,"end":3135.71},{"text":"courts","start":3135.71,"end":3136.11},{"text":"can","start":3136.11,"end":3136.31},{"text":"impose","start":3136.31,"end":3136.71},{"text":"the","start":3136.71,"end":3136.79},{"text":"death","start":3136.79,"end":3136.99},{"text":"penalty.","start":3136.99,"end":3137.55}]},{"text":"By doing that, what you do is you reduce the number of people who are sentenced to 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row.","start":3142.75,"end":3144.31,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Suddenly","start":3142.75,"end":3143.15},{"text":"there","start":3143.15,"end":3143.31},{"text":"are","start":3143.31,"end":3143.39},{"text":"no","start":3143.39,"end":3143.55},{"text":"people","start":3143.55,"end":3143.87},{"text":"on","start":3143.87,"end":3143.95},{"text":"death","start":3143.95,"end":3144.19},{"text":"row.","start":3144.19,"end":3144.31}]},{"text":"And I can give you the experience of the Caribbean, and I can give you the experience of Uganda, Malawi, Kenya, all of these challenges to the death penalty have reduced death 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the extent there are no people on death row in the Caribbean whatsoever.","start":3154.59,"end":3158.43,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"to","start":3154.59,"end":3154.83},{"text":"the","start":3154.83,"end":3154.91},{"text":"extent","start":3154.91,"end":3155.35},{"text":"there","start":3155.35,"end":3155.55},{"text":"are","start":3155.55,"end":3155.63},{"text":"no","start":3155.63,"end":3155.79},{"text":"people","start":3155.79,"end":3156.07},{"text":"on","start":3156.07,"end":3156.15},{"text":"death","start":3156.15,"end":3156.35},{"text":"row","start":3156.35,"end":3156.75},{"text":"in","start":3156.91,"end":3157.07},{"text":"the","start":3157.07,"end":3157.15},{"text":"Caribbean","start":3157.15,"end":3157.75},{"text":"whatsoever.","start":3157.75,"end":3158.43}]},{"text":"And at one stage there were hundreds of 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we really do need the really strong kind of arguments.","start":3894.19,"end":3898.27,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":3894.19,"end":3894.67},{"text":"we","start":3894.91,"end":3895.07},{"text":"really","start":3895.07,"end":3895.39},{"text":"do","start":3895.39,"end":3895.55},{"text":"need","start":3895.55,"end":3896.51},{"text":"the","start":3896.51,"end":3896.67},{"text":"really","start":3896.67,"end":3896.91},{"text":"strong","start":3896.91,"end":3897.31},{"text":"kind","start":3897.31,"end":3897.63},{"text":"of","start":3897.63,"end":3897.71},{"text":"arguments.","start":3897.71,"end":3898.27}]},{"text":"What do they look like?","start":3898.27,"end":3899.15,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"What","start":3898.27,"end":3898.47},{"text":"do","start":3898.47,"end":3898.55},{"text":"they","start":3898.55,"end":3898.67},{"text":"look","start":3898.67,"end":3898.91},{"text":"like?","start":3898.91,"end":3899.15}]},{"text":"How do we ensure that we're having the right 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floor?","start":4342.95,"end":4346.95,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Any","start":4342.95,"end":4343.27},{"text":"more","start":4343.27,"end":4343.59},{"text":"questions","start":4343.59,"end":4344.63},{"text":"or","start":4344.63,"end":4345.03},{"text":"interventions","start":4345.03,"end":4345.91},{"text":"from","start":4345.91,"end":4346.19},{"text":"the","start":4346.19,"end":4346.31},{"text":"floor?","start":4346.31,"end":4346.95}]},{"text":"Yes, go ahead, sir.","start":4347.35,"end":4348.55,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Yes,","start":4347.35,"end":4347.83},{"text":"go","start":4347.83,"end":4347.99},{"text":"ahead,","start":4347.99,"end":4348.23},{"text":"sir.","start":4348.23,"end":4348.55}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"AI","group":null,"function":null,"affiliation_full":"AI"}},{"statement_number":33,"start":4357.19,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1i/k1ijdnl2vz?t=1:12:38","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Good 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looked at that list of the countries, and it's a very diverse group of countries.","start":4387.71,"end":4393.03,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I've","start":4387.71,"end":4387.83},{"text":"looked","start":4387.83,"end":4388.31},{"text":"at","start":4388.31,"end":4388.47},{"text":"that","start":4388.47,"end":4388.71},{"text":"list","start":4388.71,"end":4389.03},{"text":"of","start":4389.03,"end":4389.11},{"text":"the","start":4389.11,"end":4389.23},{"text":"countries,","start":4389.23,"end":4389.75},{"text":"and","start":4389.83,"end":4390.23},{"text":"it's","start":4390.51,"end":4390.79},{"text":"a","start":4390.79,"end":4390.83},{"text":"very","start":4390.83,"end":4391.19},{"text":"diverse","start":4391.19,"end":4391.91},{"text":"group","start":4391.91,"end":4392.15},{"text":"of","start":4392.15,"end":4392.31},{"text":"countries.","start":4392.31,"end":4393.03}]},{"text":"I mean, you got global south, global north, eastern hemisphere, western hemisphere, and as an honorable 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do you convince those states not to carry out death sentence?","start":4409.03,"end":4413.27,"topics":[{"key":"public-political-leadership","label":"Public Support, Political Leadership, and Civil Society","description":"A recurring theme was that abolition depends on strong political leadership, engagement with public opinion, and sustained advocacy by civil society, lawyers, and researchers. 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do we approach that topic?","start":4508.35,"end":4509.79,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"How","start":4508.35,"end":4508.59},{"text":"do","start":4508.59,"end":4508.71},{"text":"we","start":4508.71,"end":4508.79},{"text":"approach","start":4508.79,"end":4509.19},{"text":"that","start":4509.19,"end":4509.43},{"text":"topic?","start":4509.43,"end":4509.79}]},{"text":"Or is the concept of eye for an eye as mentioned in Code of Hammurabi still relevant up until 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last country in Europe to still have the death penalty is Belarus.","start":4628.67,"end":4631.79,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":4628.67,"end":4628.79},{"text":"last","start":4628.79,"end":4629.07},{"text":"country","start":4629.07,"end":4629.47},{"text":"in","start":4629.47,"end":4629.63},{"text":"Europe","start":4629.63,"end":4629.95},{"text":"to","start":4629.95,"end":4630.11},{"text":"still","start":4630.11,"end":4630.31},{"text":"have","start":4630.31,"end":4630.43},{"text":"the","start":4630.43,"end":4630.55},{"text":"death","start":4630.55,"end":4630.71},{"text":"penalty","start":4630.71,"end":4631.03},{"text":"is","start":4631.03,"end":4631.15},{"text":"Belarus.","start":4631.15,"end":4631.79}]},{"text":"Belarus was very close to abolition a few years 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the perspective shared today will be very valuable for that work.","start":5150.47,"end":5155.99,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Again,","start":5150.47,"end":5150.87},{"text":"the","start":5150.87,"end":5150.99},{"text":"perspective","start":5150.99,"end":5151.47},{"text":"shared","start":5151.47,"end":5151.91},{"text":"today","start":5152.23,"end":5152.63},{"text":"will","start":5152.63,"end":5152.87},{"text":"be","start":5152.87,"end":5153.11},{"text":"very","start":5153.11,"end":5153.91},{"text":"valuable","start":5154.15,"end":5154.71},{"text":"for","start":5154.71,"end":5155.43},{"text":"that","start":5155.43,"end":5155.59},{"text":"work.","start":5155.59,"end":5155.99}]},{"text":"And let's carry this spirit towards the negotiation next 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everyone.","start":5178.15,"end":5179.35,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Have","start":5178.15,"end":5178.35},{"text":"a","start":5178.35,"end":5178.39},{"text":"great","start":5178.39,"end":5178.59},{"text":"afternoon,","start":5178.59,"end":5178.99},{"text":"everyone.","start":5178.99,"end":5179.35}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"AI","group":null,"function":null,"affiliation_full":"AI"}}],"topics":[{"key":"security-rule-law","label":"Security and Rule of Law","description":"Another major topic was whether states can abolish the death penalty even during armed conflict, political instability, or serious security threats. 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