Outer Space: Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space, Legal Subcommittee, 64th session, 1090th meeting

Buenos días, distinguidas delegadas.

Good morning, distinguished delegates. I now declare open the 1090th meeting of the Legal Subcommittee of the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space. Distinguished delegates, this morning we will continue with our consideration of agenda item 5, status and application of the 5 United Nations treaties on outer space and ways and means including capacity building to promote their implementation with a view to endorsing the report of the Working Group on the status and application of the 5 United Nations treaties on outer space and will hopefully conclude our consideration of this item. And then we will begin our consideration of agenda item 14, which is the report to the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space. The Secretariat informs me that delegations should have access to the draft report As contained in the document A/AC.105/C.2/L335, as well as all of its addenda from 1 to 7, 9, 10, and 11. 12, which should all be available on the website. Are there any questions or comments on this proposed schedule? I see none, so we'll continue with item 5 of the agenda, which is our consideration of the Status and Applications of the 5 United Nations Treaties on Outer Space. I'd now like to give the floor to the Chair of the Working Group on the Status and Application of the 5 UN Treaties on Outer Space, Ms. Franziska Noor of Germany, to present the report of the Working Group to the Subcommittee. And of course, I would like to thank her for all of the work carried out in this session, and also extend these thanks to the delegations and all of those that have participated in this work. Ms. Noor, you have the floor.

Thank you, Chair. Distinguished delegates, it is my pleasure to inform you about the work of the Working Group on the Status and Application of the 5 United Nations Treaties on Outer Space under Agenda Item 5. at the current session of this legal subcommittee. The working group focused on the exchange of views on the implementation of Article 11 of the Outer Space Treaty in accordance with its work plan as contained in UN Document A/79/20, Annex 2. Under this work plan, the working group continued its exchange of views on the implementation of Article 11 of the Outer Space Treaty and initiated the preparation of a template that could be offered to states and international intergovernmental organizations as a voluntary tool in accordance with its work plan. To enhance the working group discussion, 2 documents were prepared in advance of the subcommittee, namely the summary by the chair contained in document A/AC.105/C.2 Comprising the summary of last year's exchange of views, as well as a background paper prepared by the Secretariat at the request of the Working Group concerning the implementation of Article 11 of the Outer Space Treaty and Article 4 of the Registration Convention, and contained in document A/AC.105/C.2/2011. The Working Group used a set of discussion questions proposed by the chair of the Working Group in an informal information circular dated 17th April 2025 to structure its work. And as an outcome, the Working Group agreed that the template under development should be suitable to accommodate the sharing of information on all types of space activities, regardless of whether they are planned, ongoing, or have been completed, and that the elements of Article 11 of the Outer Space Treaty should inform its structure. The working group also noted that the draft template, which will be presented by the chair of the working group in all official languages of the United Nations for consideration by the 65th session of the subcommittee, could be prepared based on the discussions at this session stimulated by a non-paper by the chair. Furthermore, the working group agreed to suspend the development of the schematic overview of national regulatory frameworks for space activities on the understanding that the working group could revisit it while the information of national regulatory frameworks will be kept updated under the database maintained by the office. Chair, the report of the working group as it has just been adopted is contained in document A/AC.105/C.2/TRE/2025/L.1. It is my pleasure to submit this report to the subcommittee for its action. Thank you.

Muchas gracias.

Thank you very much, Ms. Loh. Distinguished delegates, can we now take it that the subcommittee endorses the report on the working— of the Working Group on the Status and Application of the 5 United Nations Treaties on Outer Space?

Yes.

Distinguished delegates, as I see no requests for the floor, we have— then we can consider the report of the working group to be endorsed. I would like to thank I would like to thank all of those who have worked as part of the group, in particular, as I said before, Ms. Franziska Noor. So we have concluded our consideration of Agenda Item 5, therefore, which is the status and application of the 5 UN treaties on outer space and ways and means, including capacity building, to promote their implementation.

Thank you.

And so, as I said at the start, we will now move on to item 4, which is the report to the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space. Delegates, we will now begin our adoption of the report.

Thank you.

However, before we begin, I'd like to just make a general observation about what we've noted during this session. I think that the subcommittee has done important work exchanging information in a very fluid way on space activities and policies. From states but also from international organizations or NGOs. And I also think that the technical presentations have really been very illuminating when it comes to states' practices. So we've considered quite basic issues to do with space law, such as the 5 UN treaties. When it comes to to outer space, the geostationary orbit, and on this point the work of the working groups has been really significant and has really helped the subcommittee with their discussions on these ever-relevant topics. Alongside these quite basic issues on the work of the subcommittee, we've also looked at the functioning of the subcommittee, how it works, its future work, its methods of work, legal frameworks, and we have delegations who have helped facilitate this peaceful use of outer space. And it seems to me that this institutional aspect, so to speak, is very important and has been really important for the subcommittee, at least when it comes to our own methods of work. Along with these 2 topics, we've had the classic issues, topics relating to the functioning, the raison d'être, and how we currently do things, what sort of legal standards and frameworks we should be endorsing for regulating space and space activities. And over this week, I think that we've also looked at new topics linked to issues that have come up over the past few years, which are a result of the increasing amount of space activities such as small satellites, dealing with space debris, so many things. And once again here, the work done by the working groups and different teams has really been valuable and important when it comes to facilitating the work of the subcommittee. So, I'd like to thank delegations for all of the work carried out over these sessions this week. On item 14 of the agenda, that's, as I said, adoption of the report. I think being able to adopt a report is something that is really important for the subcommittee. It reflects all of the work that we've been doing over these 2 weeks. And secondly, it seems important to me because we're working for the subcommittee and for COPUS, but also we're working for other UN bodies. We're fulfilling the mandate of the General Assembly and for COPUS. And finally, I think this report is important the international community, showing that we believe in the importance of law in space, having basic laws that look at the development of the various principles that we've talked about, and that's something that is really important. And so I would like to thank all of you for Thank you for your support in maintaining this cooperative and constructive spirit that prevailed during our consideration of the many agenda items we've looked at. I want to remind you again that I think that adopting this report, or endorsing this report, is very important for the subcommittee. Finally, I'd like to remind delegates of something that you already know about and have heard about several times, which is that due to the ongoing liquidity crisis, our session must conclude by 6 PM tomorrow, Friday. So I count on your support and cooperation to ensure that we conclude our work of adopting this substantive report by consensus By 6 PM tomorrow, which is Friday. Finally, as I said before, delegations should have before them the draft report as contained in document AC105/C2/L335. As well as all of its addenda from 1 to 7 and 9 to 12. We are missing addendum 8, which is on item 3 of the agenda. And so my proposal is that, so that we can make best use of our time, Thank you. In the interest of time, and while we're waiting to have the whole text together, I think we should continue making progress through the items of the agenda that we already have closed. And so I therefore propose that we begin with the The introductory topics. So, sorry, we'll begin with the introduction of the report. Then we'll pass over item 3 on our— of our agenda, and we'll wait until that agenda item is closed by the Secretariat, and we'll continue with the other items of our agenda, at least up to item 7 of the agenda. So that's the proposal that I'm making to delegations. Thank you.

Pero que podemos ir, en fin, aquí estaremos un poco.

So, just so that we can see how things go, thank you very much for that.

Pregunto entonces, ¿les parece bien proceder?

So, is it okay with all of you that we proceed in this manner? Distinguished delegates, we'll therefore continue with document A/ACLI 105/C2/L335 and adopt the draft report as contained within this document going paragraph by paragraph. Paragraph. This document, L335, or 335, contains the section entitled Introduction and Proceedings of the Session. Do I take it that the committee adopts paragraphs 1 and 2 as proposed?

Adopted.

So we'll move on to paragraph— or Section B, paragraph 3, which deals with the items on the agenda. Do I take it that the committee adopts paragraph 3 as proposed?

Aye. Adopted.

A continuación, we now move on to consideration of the. Technical issues, item 4, and I give the floor to the Secretariat to provide some information on this.

Thank you very much, Mr. Chair. There are a few technical corrections to be made to just add additional countries here. Algeria, El Salvador, Iraq, and Nigeria should be added to the list of countries here. Thank you very much, Mr. Chair.

Muchas gracias.

Thank you very much. So with these modifications, And with these additions, do I take it that the committee adopts paragraph 4 as we now have it as amended?

Adopted.

Thank you very much. Paragraph 5 on your screen. Can we take it that this is adopted? I don't see any comments on it.

Adopted.

And then paragraph 6 to 9, referring to the observers.

Yes.

If there are no comments on these paragraphs, then we'll consider them adopted. Thank you. Similarly, we'll look at paragraphs 10 and 11 together here, which also relate to observers.

Adopted.

Now paragraphs 12 to 14 that you can see up on your screen. There are a few changes to be made here, so I'll give the floor to the Secretariat to explain those to you.

Thank you very much, Mr. Chair. There's one paragraph to be introduced after paragraph 12 as paragraph 12bis. It should read as follows: The subcommittee was informed of the nominations for the chair of the Legal Subcommittee for the term 2026 to 2027, in parentheses, A/AC.105/C.2/2025/CRP.27, parentheses closed. This is to reflect the fact that this conference room paper was circulated for the information of the subcommittee. Thank you very much, Mr. Chair. To continue on to paragraphs 13 and 14. Paragraph 13 has the additional information to be provided and inserted. After the document symbol and number CLB.2, delete and, and after the CLB.3, parenthesis closed, add the following phrase. And Zimbabwe, parenthesis, H/AC.105/C.2/2025/ CRP.29, parenthesis closed, comma. This is also to reflect the fact that this conference room paper was circulated for the information of the subcommittee to inform the subcommittee that the application for membership was received. Continuing on to paragraph 14. There's a technical correction to be made. To the document symbol and number. For the first document, the conference room paper, CLP.3 should have read CLP.14. So it should replace the document symbol and number here as parenthesis A/AC.105/C.2/2025/CLP.14.

Thank you.

CLP.14 for the application for the observer status that was submitted by the ACES Worldwide, and also for the document symbol and number that contained application received by the— received from the International Council on the Monuments and Sites. And the document symbol and number should have read Parenthesis A/AC.105/C.2/2025/CLP.26. So those are the corrections that should have been made. Thank you very much, Mr.

Chair.

Muchas gracias.

Thank you very much. I'd now like to ask delegations if, with the amendments that have been explained by the Secretariat and that you can now see up on your screen, do we take it that the Committee adopts paragraphs 12 to 14?

Adopted.

Distinguished delegates, we now move on to consideration of Section D of this first part of our report, which relates to the symposium which was held yesterday in this room. Paragraphs 15 and 16 relate to this symposium. You can see them up on your screen now. There's a request, I think. The distinguished delegate from the U.S., you have the floor.

Thank you, Chair. In paragraph 15, the United States would request that the clause starting with due account be changed to read, with due account to be taken to provide a variety of participants in order to reflect, and then continue as follows. We believe that accurately reflects the need to consider a variety of different backgrounds and factors. When assessing potential participants for the conference.

Thank you.

Muchas gracias.

Thank you very much. Any other comments or observations? If not, Then with that addition, or mentioning the participants that took part in this symposium, we can now consider that paragraphs 15 and 16 are adopted.

Thank you.

Okay, thank you very much. So if delegations agree with this amendment, proposed by the US. Can we take it that we adopt paragraphs 15, 16, and 17? Australia, you have the floor.

Thanks, Chair. Thanks for giving me the floor. Is it okay if we just keep this paragraph open for the time being? I just want to spend some time consulting with my delegation. Thank you.

Muchas gracias.

Thank you. If it's okay with other delegations, we will keep these paragraphs relating to the symposium open for Thank you. So then, looking to the final part of this first section, or this introduction, that's letter E, which is adoption of the report of the Legal Subcommittee. I'll let you read it, but we can't close this one yet. Okay, great. Thank you very much, distinguished delegations. We'll now adjourn examination of this for the moment. So we leave the adoption of paragraphs 15, 16, and 17 open for now. These are the paragraphs that relate to the symposium. Distinguished delegates, we'll now continue with consideration of Addendum 1. A/AC105/C2/L335/ADD1, which relates to information on the activities of international, intergovernmental, and non-governmental organizations relating to space law. We will now consider the paragraphs of this addendum, uh, one after the other.

Muchas gracias. Procedemos entonces a la—

Thank you very much. Okay, let's now move on to reading and adopting paragraphs 1 and 2. Well, paragraph 1, which you have up on your screen now.

Okay.

So I don't see any opposition to this, so let's consider that paragraph 1 is adopted and let's move on to considerations— consideration rather of paragraph 2. Do I take it then that paragraph 2 is adopted? I take it that it is adopted, and so we shall now move on to consideration of paragraph 3, which is slightly lengthier. As it has 7 subparagraphs, but these refer to the documents considered by the committee. If everyone is in agreement, we can take it that paragraph 3 is also adopted.

Thank you.

Very good. Adopted. And we move on now to paragraph 4. And I give the floor to the Secretariat.

Thank you very much, Mr. Chairman. There is one more presentation that should be added to this list of presentations, which is the presentation made by the Observer for the Moon Village Association, and the presentation was entitled Moon Village Association Benefit Sharing Project Policy Briefings. So that needs to be added to this list. Thank you very much, Mr. Chairman.

Muchas gracias.

Thank you very much. So. Do delegations agree that with these amendments made by the Secretariat, we can adopt paragraph 4?

Adopted.

Moving on now to paragraph 5. Do I take it that the Committee adopts paragraph 5? 5, and then we'll move on to paragraph 6, which maybe we might need a little bit more time to read.

Okay.

If you want to have that.

Uh-uh, first—

Muchas gracias. Bien.

Thank you. Now, I actually forgot to adopt paragraph 5 of this addendum, so paragraph 5 is adopted, and now we move on to paragraph 6, which you have up on your screen, and I'll give you just a moment to read that. But, um, you've had a little while, and as I see no comments on that, we can consider that paragraph also to be adopted. And now we move on to paragraph 7. And if there are no comments, then we can consider paragraph 7 also to be adopted. And therefore, Addendum 1 as a whole is also adopted.

Thank you.

Distinguished delegates, we will now consider the Second addendum, which is Addendum 2. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Iran.

Thank you, Mr. Chair, and thank you for, for leadership in taking us to consider and adopt the draft reports. At this stage, I just want to to request you, when we arrive at the more substantive items, we'd appreciate if you can give us more time in order to analyze the paragraphs on the screen and then move on, because for these procedural matters we are okay, but the more substantive issues we need further time to just to analyze and then go ahead with the room. Thank you.

Thank you. Thanks to the distinguished representative of Iran for that comment. Of course, of course, the important thing is that delegations are able to read and express their support for what we have in the document. So maybe at first I was going a little bit too fast because these were more items about what happened in the room, but of course we have the time, so we will have enough time for delegations to consider this. For as long as they need. And of course, we want that so that they can demonstrate their agreement with the texts that we're going through. Thank you. Thank you. So now we can continue with consideration of paragraphs 1 and 2 of this addendum, which is Addendum 2, which you have up— or you should have up on your screen. Thank you.

Now, sobre el párrafo.

And when it comes to paragraph two, the Secretariat would like to make a few comments.

Thank you very much, Mr Chair. We just need to make a correction to the list of countries that spoke. The first line, the representatives of Argentina— Argentina should be added. And in the third line, the United Kingdom should be deleted. Those are the 2 corrections that should be made to this paragraph 2. Thank you very much, Mr. Chair.

Muchas gracias.

Thank you.

Can we consider then that these first 2 paragraphs are adopted?

Adopted.

Paragraphs 3, 4, and 5, which you have up on your screen now— actually, paragraphs 3 and 4, because 5, as you can see, is longer and has a few subparagraphs. So let's look now to paragraphs 3 and 4. Paragraph 3 is as you see it on your screen, but for paragraph 4, the Secretariat would like to make a few comments.

Thank you very much, Mr. Chairman. It's just to add the number of the meetings. It should be 1090th meeting on 15th of May. So those, like, a day and the number of meetings should be added. Thank you very much, Mr.

Chair.

Muchas gracias.

Thank you.

Sí, muchas gracias. ¿Les parece que podemos dar por aprobado?

So, do I take it that the committee adopts paragraphs 3 and 4?

Adopted.

We'll move now then to paragraph five, paragraph five, which as I said before is a little longer, and this I think refers to the documents that the subcommittee considered.

La secretaría quiere realizar.

The Secretariat would just like to make a couple of observations.

Thank you very much, Mr. Chairman. There's additional document that was produced for the document reflected in subparagraph C. We issued a corrigendum as well, so the document symbol and number of the corrigendum, as you can see on the screen, should be added. Similarly, the corrigendum was Issued for the document referred to in subparagraph G, so that document symbol and number, as you can see on the screen, should be also added. Thank you very much, Mr. Chair.

Muchas gracias.

Thank you.

Quizás podríamos poner el párrafo.

Perhaps we could put paragraph 5 up from the start.

Okay.

Okay, great. Do I take it that the committee therefore adopts paragraph 5 of Addendum 2? Adopted. And now we'll move on to paragraph Which you have up on your screen now, the whole thing. Do I take it that the committee adopts paragraph 6? Adopted. We move on now to paragraph 7. Any comments to be made? Adopted.

Paragraph 8. Any comments on this one? Adopted.

Moving on now to paragraphs 9 and 10. Do I take it that delegations are happy to approve— adopt, rather, paragraphs 9 and 10?

Adopted.

Paragraphs 11 and 12, which you have up now on your screens, and 13 as well. Paragraphs 11, 12, and 13, which you can see completely now. The whole thing's up there on your screen. Can we take it that these paragraphs can then be adopted?

Yes. Adopted.

Moving on to paragraphs 14, 15, and 16, which you have up on your screen.

¿Tienen las delegaciones algún comentario?

Do delegations have any comments to make on these paragraphs? If not, I consider them to be adopted. Moving on to paragraph 17. Paragraph 17 adopted. Paragraphs 18 and 19. I give the floor to the US.

Thank you, Chair. In paragraph 18, given that it is purporting to recall exactly what our Article 4 of the Outer Space Treaty requires. The United States believes that we should use language directly from the Outer Space Treaty. We're flexible on exactly what that language is, but one option would be to finish the sentence by saying, in which states parties to the treaties are required to use the moon and other celestial bodies exclusively for peaceful purposes. But again, we're open to other language. The important point for us just being that this should be a direct quote from Article 4. Thank you. Sorry, that's— I apologize if I misspoke or if it was captured incorrectly. Are required, not were required.

Can we then adopt paragraph 18 with the proposed amendment? Russian Federation, you have the floor.

Thank you, Chair. We have a small editorial suggestion. In paragraph 18, we refer to the Outer Space Treaty, which we see in the beginning of this statement. Then we refer to the state parties to the treaties, but it should be— States parties to the treaty. State parties to the treaty rather than treaties. Thank you.

Muchas gracias.

Thank you very much. So, with these amendments that you can see up on the screen, can we take it that paragraph 18 is? Adopted.

Adopted.

Moving on then to paragraph 19. Any comments or observations on 19?

Adopted.

Let's now look to paragraphs 20 and 21. Paragraphs 20 and 21. Azerbaijan has requested the floor. You have the floor.

Yes, thank you very much. Just a small comment about that. Along with building capacity, there is developing capacity, so to me, building capacity is starting from zero and then it becomes developing, so I'm sure there are actions which serve not to starting from zero but to continuing of the started process, so it's just—

Yes.

I would suggest something developing capacity also within UNOS activities. Thank you very much.

Muchas gracias.

Thank you. So this paragraph 20 with this amendment that you have up on your screen, can we consider this paragraph to be adopted? Adopted.

And now let's look to paragraphs 21 and 22.

Any comments? I see none, so we can consider that paragraphs 21 and 22 are adopted. And now, as we have 3 that fit up on our screen, Shall we now consider paragraphs 23 to 25? I think that they're up there, um, in full on the screen. Any comments on those paragraphs 23 to 25? In which case, we can consider them adopted. Which I think Means that we have Addendum 2 of this document relating to the status and application of the 5 UN treaties on outer space to be adopted. Indeed, this addendum is adopted.

Muchas gracias.

Thank you.

Let's move on now then to Addendum 3, which relates to matters relating to the definition and delimitation of outer space and the character and utilization of the geostationary orbit, including considerations of ways and means to ensure the rational and equitable use of the geostationary orbit without prejudice to the role of the international telecommunications I think that the UK delegation has requested the floor.

Yes.

Thank you very much, Mr.

Chair.

I'm so sorry to take the floor. It's just if it's possible, and it doesn't have to be now, but maybe in the future, to come back to the previous report because we missed— we were trying to be quick and to facilitate, but we realized that we actually missed the opportunity to insert insert a piece of language that we would need. We're also very happy to supply it to the Secretariat so that it can be on the screen next time, but I'm really sorry that we haven't fully closed that report as we would like to. It's in paragraph 21 of the previous report, and we can, we can send that in writing to you. Apologies, Mr.

Chair.

Thank you. Well, personally, I've got no issue with going back to Addendum 2. Would you like to give us a brief explanation of why?

Thank you very much, Mr.

Chair. Maybe we could supply it in written form to the Secretariat so that you have it with you for the next reading. We don't want to hold up proceedings here, but we haven't quite finalised and we've missed the opportunity to say if we could just pause on that. So we're really sorry to all delegates for wasting this time.

Okay, thank you. So, we'll come back to this later. And that means that we can't fully close the adoption of this addendum. Okay, so we'll go back to where we were, which was consideration of Addendum 3, which is matters relating to the Definition and delimitation of outer space. And the character and utilisation of the geostationary orbit. Up on the screen we've got paragraph 1. May we consider this to be adopted? I think so. Adopted. Now paragraph 2, relating to the delegations who made statements. May we adopt this? Adopted.

Moving on then to paragraph 3.

relating to the documents that we were working on. The Secretariat would like to give us some information about that.

Thank you very much, Mr. Chairman. There's one additional document that needs to be added after subparagraph D, which is the working group— working paper by the chair of the working group on the definition and the limitation of outer space, which is entitled Encouraging Dialogue on Issues Concerning the Definition and Delimitation of Outer Space Towards Developing a Shared Stance. And the document symbol and number would read A/AC.105/C.2/L.336. So that should be added after the existing subparagraph D. Thank you very much, Mr.

Chair.

Thank you.

Muchas gracias.

Thank you. So with this addition, if delegations are in agreement, we can now adopt this paragraph 3.

Adopted.

Paragraph 4, which is on the technical presentations we had on this topic. If delegations agree, we can also adopt this one.

Adopted.

Moving on to paragraphs 5 and 6. For paragraph 6, the Secretary would like to make a comment.

Mr. Chairman, it's just that we need to insert the number of the meeting and also the date. So, the number of the meeting was 1,089th meeting and on 14th of May. That information should be inserted. Thank you very much, Mr.

Chair.

Muchas gracias.

Thank you. Can we then adopt these two paragraphs? That's five and six.

Adopted.

Moving on then to paragraph 7. Can we adopt paragraph 7?

Adopted.

We now have paragraphs 8 and 9, which are in full on the screen. Can we adopt these 2 paragraphs, which are— is it 7 and 8? Rather 8 and 9. We've already adopted 7, so can we adopt 8 and 9?

Adopted.

Let's look now to paragraph.

9.

You can put it in.

Does it seem to you that paragraph 9 is all okay? If so, we can adopt it. That's adopted. Moving on now to paragraph 10.

Any comments?

Adopted.

Paragraph 11.

If there are no comments to be made, then we can consider this, I believe, adopted. Paragraph 12. I give the floor to Canada.

Thank you, Madam Chair.

Thank you, Chair. I believe for paragraph 12 there should be, some delegations expressed the view. Thank you.

Thank you.

Muchas gracias.

Thank you. And with this wording, can we consider that paragraph 12 is adopted?

Adopted.

Paragraph 13, which you can also see on the screen. I give the floor to Iran.

Thank you, Chair. Just a reaction to what we had amended in paragraph 12. Basically, whatever is written in this draft text, it has been reflected of what has been said in the meetings by some delegations, of course, not everyone. So if we are going to have this, basically this qualifier in our draft, then we have to apply it to other paragraphs also. So that is only, I mean, an observation that if this is the case, then we need to do it for all other paragraphs.

Thank you.

Would Canada like to take the floor? Anyone else? If not, we can return to the original wording, which is the views expressed.

Sorry, Chair, I misunderstood. If the delegation of Iran was suggesting that we should move back to the views expressed, the response of the delegation of Canada would be that some delegations were suggested because more than one delegation expressed that view. If the delegate of REN is suggesting that all the paragraphs should be some delegations expressed the view, I think the practice of the legal subcommittee is that whereas expressed by one delegation, we say the view was expressed; where it's more than one, we say some delegations expressed the view. And that's the reason for the proposed change in this context. As I said, as more than one delegation expressed the view contained in twelve, it should be some delegations. Whereas in other paragraphs, including the one above, it's the singular because it. It must have been just one delegation that expressed that view. Thank you, Chair.

Muchas gracias.

Thank you.

Me parece que la delegación de Canadá I think—

well, it seems that Canada has now explained why they requested this amendment. How does that seem to the delegation of Iran, or do any other delegations have anything to comment?

Thank you, Chair. We need, I mean, to further reflect on So please keep this paragraph open when we will get back to it later on.

Thank you.

Muchas gracias.

Thank you.

Let's move then on to paragraph 13, which you have up on your screen as well. Can we consider that paragraph 13 is adopted? Ah, I give the floor to the US.

Thank you, Chair.

We would request that this paragraph also begin with, some delegations express the view, as I believe our delegation as well as a few others expressed this, so to reflect that that was from multiple member states in their interventions, and would just also concur with the statement from my colleague from Canada that was just made earlier about the some versus the.

Thank you.

Muchas gracias.

Thank you. Can we consider this paragraph adopted with that new wording?

Adopted.

And let's move on to paragraph 14. Can we consider this adopted? Adopted. Paragraph 15. Any comments? Adopted. Paragraph 16. I give the floor to the Russian Federation.

Thank you.

As far as we can see it, a number of delegations shared this view that we expressed. We would therefore like to change the wording in this paragraph to some delegations expressed the view that at the beginning of this paragraph. Thank you.

Muchas gracias.

Thank you.

So with that new wording, can we consider paragraph 16 to be adopted? Adopted. Thank you. So as regards addendum 3 of the final report, which is on matters relating to the definition and delimitation of outer space and the character and utilization of the geostationary orbit, we cannot consider this adopted because we still have An issue with paragraph 12. I give the floor to Iran.

Thank you, Chair. I was just going to come back to that observation that we had. We can remove our name, so we are fine with that wording expressed. Thank you. So you can adopt it then.

Muchas gracias.

Thank you very much. Thanks for that comment and for your flexibility. So in that case, we can consider Addendum 3 to be adopted. I give the floor to China.

Thank you, Chair.

We would like to keep this addendum open As we would like to add one paragraph which will be sent to the Secretariat later. Thank you.

Muchas gracias.

Thank you. Well, okay, in that case we leave the addendum open while we wait to receive that paragraph.

Bien, distinguidas delegadas y delegados.

Delegates, now we will move on to Addendum 4, entitled in English, Matters Related to the Definition and Delimitation of Outer Space and the Character and Utilization of the Geostationary Orbit, including consideration of ways and means to ensure the rational and equitable use of the geostationary orbit without prejudice to the role of the ITU, the International Telecommunication Union. So we are dealing here with the rational and equitable use of the geostationary orbit in particular. We will now go to paragraph 1. Paragraph 1, which you see up on the screen, which you have to review. Do I take it that the committee adopts this paragraph? Very well, adopted. Now we We will move on to the second paragraph. Any comments or observations from the committee? There appear to be none. Therefore, The paragraph is adopted.

Now paragraph three.

Ningun comentario.

Any comments? I give the floor to the Russian Federation.

Спасибо, господин президент. Thank you very much, Chair. On paragraph three, we would propose that we. State that the committee expressed a view that the geostationary orbit should be used in line with international law, as this is a generally accepted point of view. Thank you.

Muchas gracias.

Thank you. With that new wording, can we consider paragraph 3 to be adopted? I give the floor to Canada.

Thank you, Chair. The Canadian delegation has no objection to the subcommittee noted that the geostationary orbit should be used in line with international law. However, the second part of that sentence, after the and, would not be something the subcommittee noted. The subcommittee would not note that states have sovereign rights over the geostationary orbit. Therefore, if we're going to keep the wording, the subcommittee noted, that second part would have to go into a second sentence that says the view was expressed by some delegation or something like that. Thank you, Chair. Pardon me. I think that's probably the view as expressed, not some delegations, but we'll leave it to others to clarify that.

Muchas gracias.

Thank you.

Entonces este párrafo tres.

Paragraph three then, with this wording.

Always should be used in line with international law. Some delegations express the view that the jurisdictional orbit should be used respecting and observing the sovereign rights of states over that natural resource.

Do delegations agree that we can adopt paragraph 3 with this new wording? Adopted. Moving then to paragraph 4. I give the floor to Canada.

Thank you, Chair. My apologies. When I had suggested splitting the sentences, my suggestion was that the view is expressed for 3 bis. If more than one delegation wants to associate themselves with the statement that states have sovereign rights over the geostationary orbit, I think we'd need to hear that because that is not the view that I heard during the agenda item. Thank you, Chair.

Como queda reflejado ahora.

As it is now, then. So with this wording now of paragraphs 3 and 3bis, I'm looking to Canada. Thank you. So with this wording, can we consider paragraphs 3 then to be— 3 and 3bis rather to be adopted. Adopted. Oh, excuse me. Iran, you have the floor.

Thank you, Chair. With regard to 3bis, we are also supporting that idea, so you may We add our also support, and this is this needs to be done to some delegations expressed. So it was not more, just one. We are also supporting that idea. Thank you.

Muchas gracias.

Thank you.

So if delegations agree, we'll leave paragraph 3 bis open. Canada, you have the floor.

Sincere apologies, Chair. I just want to clarify that what I heard Just now, from the delegation of Iran, is that more than one state expressed the view that states can claim sovereignty or appropriate some portion of the geostationary orbit. I just want to clarify that that's what is being claimed here, and if that is, then so be it.

Muchas gracias.

Thank you. Are there any other delegations that would like to take the floor?

Muchas gracias.

Thank you. In that case, paragraph 3, so the initial paragraph 3 is fine. Paragraph 3 bis, however, with this wording, can we consider that to be adopted? Some delegations The wording would be, some delegations expressed the view. Thank you. Moving on then to paragraph 4, which you also have up on the screen in full. Podemos entender que las delegaciones Do I take it then that paragraph 4 can be approved? Or adopted, rather. It's adopted in that case. Moving on then to paragraph 5. Do I take it that delegations believe paragraph 5 can be adopted? Adopted.

Paragraph 6?

Any comments? Regarding paragraph 6?

Adopted.

Paragraph 7? Maybe you could move it up on the screen. Thank you. Paragraph 7. Are delegations happy to adopt this paragraph? Adopted. Paragraph 8. Any comments to be made on paragraph 8? If not, we can consider this adopted. Moving on then to paragraph nine. Any comments to be made? If not, we consider this to be adopted. Paragraph 10. Can we consider this to be adopted? Adopted. Paragraph 11. Any comments here? If not, we consider this to be adopted. Canada, you have the floor.

Thank you, Chair. Well, I don't want to be the one to do this, but unfortunately it has to be done. Um, paragraph 2 of Addendum 2 lists the speakers for the items 6A and 6B. Yes, Addendum 2, because there's 2 parts, right? Addendum 2 deals with 6A, and I think Addendum 3 deals with 6, or maybe it's 3 and 4. At any rate, there's a list of speakers on there, and you will note in the list of speakers that the delegation of Iran does not appear. I've also checked the statements under 6 and 6, and once again, the delegation of Iran does not appear. Therefore, it is not possible that they could have expressed the view in the paragraph that we were looking at, 3.

Thank you.

Therefore, it should be the view is expressed unless some other delegation wants to come forward and make that point. And if that is the case, again, I'm fine with it, but it would obviously not be a delegation that didn't speak during that agenda item. If they want to demonstrate that they had spoken, that can be done, but then you'd have to amend paragraph 2 with the list of speakers. So I hope that we can, as the chair said at the outset, that, um, respect the rules regarding what we put in the report and when, and when someone has spoken under an agenda item, it can be reflected.

But they've—

if they have not spoken under that agenda item, it should not be reflected. I would also like to take a moment just to consider what's being said in that paragraph, as almost every delegation here in their general statements or under this agenda item affirmed that outer space is not subject to national appropriation. So let's really strongly consider what is going to go into this report. And if delegations want to now change their opinions and say that outer space is subject to national appropriation, and the geostationary orbit was also mentioned as part of outer space, uh, that obviously would be a very different view to express and would have ramifications for other agenda items. Thank you, Chair.

Thank you, Canada, for that comment. Do any other delegations wish to take the floor on this? If not, then as the Chair, we consider— I consider that it's important, as I've said on many occasions, that the report reflects what happened In the debates. Going over the interventions made by States at different sessions of the Committee, or we will rather go over these, but just to see whether a State made any intervention on one issue or another. We'll also consider the comments that have been made about the use of the expression, some delegations expressed the view, or the view was expressed, in the sense that we've been talking about it This morning. And so we're going to have to come back to this point because these are things that we will consider, and maybe we'll do that this afternoon. But thank you very much for these comments. So, Addendum 4 then. We cannot adopt it. We'll have to wait for confirmation regarding one of the paragraphs. I give the floor now to the Russian delegation.

Thank you, Chair. As far as we understood it, we are being asked to suspend discussions on this document, and clearly the Secretariat will work out who spoke and who didn't speak under this agenda item, and we might have received additional proposals to look at the topic touched upon by the delegation of Iran. And if this delegation is not in the list of speakers, then evidently the topic may have been raised by other delegations. And therefore, the Secretariat should look at the statements delivered under this agenda item. And then they can work out what has happened, or the delegations, respective delegations, can indeed speak up for themselves. Here, the Iranian delegation brought attention to the problem that we see before us. Thank you.

Thank you, Russian Federation. The Chair understands what's just been expressed by the Russian Federation. I think that a delegation, even though they may not have requested the floor in a certain session, may consider that other delegations or another delegation have expressed their point of view. So as these considerations have come up this morning over the view was expressed versus some delegations expressed, if you'll allow, we will continue with this later, but we need some time to think And to check, so that later on this afternoon we can present some considerations on this particular matter and then just continue calmly for now.

Thank you.

I give the floor to the UK.

Thank you, Chair, for giving me the floor. Obviously noting that we We need to get through this document and we don't have much time. I think it's now the time for delegations who made any statements under this item to make it known of what, what was said. And obviously this document should simply reflect the statements that were made. So again, I think it would be best for any delegations who made a statement under this item to make sure that It's reflected here now, and therefore not put due pressures on the secretariat to go through documents and check things. But anyway, that's just the view of my delegation. Thank you very much.

Muchas gracias.

Thank you. I give the floor to Iran.

Thank you, Chair, and I appreciate. The comments made by my colleagues. I also wish to appreciate our Russian colleague who brought this important issue to the attention. We believe that for it's for the best if the secretary achieves that and informs the meeting in the afternoon session what was been raised. One general observation that I need to underline at this. Stage is that due to issues that we had, we could not participate fully in all meetings of this session. We had problems with regard to visa and members of our delegations could not wholly participate in this meeting. Therefore, we could not cover everything and I've been continuously in contact with my capital day and night in order to inform them of the developments and get views of them, but I've not been able to successfully implement all of these requirements. So for that reason, I reserve my right to come back to issues that we could not participate, unfortunately, and we are going to comment on those issues in this meeting. Thank you.

Sí, muchas gracias.

Thank you for this comment. However, the chair would like to recall that the job of the report is not to. Allow states to make further interventions about substantive matters, but rather to try to report on what was expressed during the session. Thank you. Canada, you have the floor.

Thank you, Chair. I fully agree with what you just said a moment ago about participation during the agenda items. I also have great sympathy for the Secretariat having to go through all of the statements and recordings to see if one statement was said at a particular moment. Uh, I myself have done a quick search under agenda item 6B of both the list of speakers and the statement. I, I can only find one delegation that made a comment in relation to sovereignty Over the geostationary orbit, I won't identify that delegation. That's up to them to identify themselves. I could not find another. I did find the statement delivered on behalf of G77 and China to be illuminating, and in particular the paragraph in which the group underscores that the geostationary orbit shall not be subject to national appropriation and shall be governed by applicable international law in accordance with. with the principle of non-appropriation of outer space. So the group, to which I believe the delegation that just spoke is a part of, endorsed a statement that says it is not subject to national appropriation. Therefore, I do not believe there's any ground for the some delegations. There's only one delegation. That delegation doesn't seem to want to self-identify, but that's fine. The view is expressed. That can be on there. But I don't think there's any further need to have a debate or to force the Secretariat to go through the recordings and the texts of all the statements to do it. Therefore, I would implore the delegation of Iran to leave it at the view as expressed. I don't think this is a matter that we need to disagree about. There's certainly legitimate areas where we diverge, but I don't think this is one we need to disagree about. I think we can close that paragraph and close this addenda.

Thank you.

But obviously, that will have to be something that each delegation considers, and in the spirit of being constructive and moving forward and getting a report adopted, we'll have to really strongly consider what's important and what is not. Thank you, Chair.

Muchas gracias.

Thank you. Are there any other delegations that would like to take the floor? I don't see any requests.

Thank you.

Muy bien, pues entonces vamos a—

Okay, in that case. With all of those things to consider, we will pause our debate on the report, or rather on Addendum 4, and to see whether In paragraph 3 bis, we could perhaps word it in the following way: The view is expressed.

Si las delegaciones estuvieran de acuerdo con esto.

If delegations are happy with this wording, then perhaps we could adopt paragraph three. And addendum four as a whole.

Les parece correcta?

Does that seem okay? Is that wording all right? Thank you then. In that case, we can adopt paragraph 3, which is 3 and 3 bis. And with that, addendum 4 is also adopted. Thank you very much. Distinguished delegates, I just said that perhaps it might be better for us to pause our debates, but With the whole issue of the liquidity crisis, which we've talked about so many times, I think that perhaps, as we still have half an hour left, we should maybe continue with the review of Addendum 5. So, to be able to continue with our work, And to make progress on this report, I suggest that we now consider Addendum 6, which relates to the future role and method of work of the committee. This addendum has already been closed by the office. And so we can now get to work on it if nobody sees any issues with this.

Addendum 6.

Addendum 6 then, future role and method of work of the committee. If we could have this up on the screen. Okay, so up on the screen we have the addendum, paragraph 1. Any comments? Yes, Azerbaijan.

I think I think we made a statement under this agenda.

Thank you. Paragraph 1, can we adopt this? Adopted. Paragraph 2, give the floor to the Secretariat.

Thank you very much, Mr. Chairman. As the distinguished delegate of Azerbaijan correctly pointed out even before that, We should have added Azerbaijan to the list of speakers. In addition, after the first sentence, the following sentence should be added: a statement was also made by the representative of Romania on behalf of Pakistan and— Representatives of Romania and Pakistan as co-chairs of the Action Team on Lunar Activities Consultation.

You can see in the screen, and following the next sentence.

Another sentence should be inserted just before the last sentence of this paragraph, which should read, a statement was made by the representative of Morocco on behalf of Italy—

wait—

on behalf of Italy and Morocco as the states whose delegations were co-facilitating informal consultations on the proposal to hold a 4th United Nations Conference on the Exploration and the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space in Space 4. So these 2 sentences should be inserted into this paragraph 2. Thank you very much, Mr.

Chair.

Muchas gracias.

Thank you very much. So Do delegations agree that with this new wording we can adopt paragraph 2? Adopted. Moving on then to paragraph 3, which relates to the documents, I think.

Paragraph 3. Cecilia has the word.

Muchas gracias. Paragraph 3 should also have an additional document after the first document that's mentioned right now in paragraph 3. The additional document is a conference room paper by Morocco and Italy And it's entitled Possible Objectives, Form, Venue, Dates, Participants, Organization and Scope, and Financial Aspects of the InSpace 4. And the document symbol and number is A/AC.105/C.2/2025/CLB.30. And that document should be also added here. Thank you very much, Mr. Chair.

Thank you.

Muchas gracias.

Thank you very much. And now give the floor to Argentina.

Thank you, Chair. And first of all, I would like to thank Morocco and Italy for the work that they've done under this agenda item. This is just a comment. The document that's mentioned in brackets in paragraph A There's another document relating to the Space Forum. As Argentina talked under agenda item 3, this is applicable to all of this report, but I just wanted to say it here so that it's reflected and that it's applicable to Argentina's position. Thank you. Sorry, under A and B, so it's both of those.

Gracias. So, can we then adopt this paragraph as it is now worded?

Yes, but I want it to be clear that the provision applies to

Thank you. Russian Federation, please.

Thank you, Chair.

Can we go back to paragraph 2, please? Thank you.

Yes, of course.

Esteemed Chair, we have no objection to this paragraph. We can continue going forward.

Thank you.

So then, do we have paragraph 3 adopted in that case? Adopted. Moving on now to paragraph 4. Any comments to be made on this?

Adopted. Paragraph 5.

Any observations to be made here?

Adopted.

Paragraph 6. If there are no comments here, we'll consider it adopted.

Paragraph 7.

Adopted. Paragraph 8. Any comments to be made on this one? If not, we'll consider it to be adopted. Paragraph 9. There appears to be consensus on this one, so it's adopted. Paragraph 10. Russian Federation, you have the floor.

Thank you, Chair. On paragraph 10, we think we should start with the wording, some delegations expressed the view, because there were more than— there was more than one delegation expressing that view. That's paragraph 10.

Correcto, con esta redacción.

Okay, with this wording then. Can we adopt this paragraph 10?

Adopted.

Paragraph 11. If there are no comments, then it is adopted. Paragraph 12. I give the floor to the UK.

Thank you, Chair. My delegation would like to propose a paragraph 11 bis. We've submitted language to the Secretariat But I'm happy to read out our proposed paragraph. It would read, some delegations express the view that the initiatives by UNUSA, such as— or comma— such as the UN Space Sustainability Days and the UN Space Bridge, comma, allow for the increased member state and expert interactions. Thank you very much.

Muchas gracias.

Thank you. Do our delegations happy To adopt paragraph 11 bis as suggested by the UK.

Approved.

Adopted.

Thank you very much. Now on to paragraph 12, which we have not yet adopted.

El párrafo 12, por favor.

Paragraph 12, please. Any comments? If not, it is adopted.

Paragraph 13.

If there are no comments there, then it is adopted. Paragraph 14. I give the floor to the US.

Thank you, Chair. We believe this paragraph should start off with some delegations expressed the We know that our delegation expressed this view in support of another delegation who had initially put it forward.

Thank you.

Muchas gracias.

Thank you. So with that new wording, some delegations expressed the view, can we adopt this paragraph 14?

Adopted.

Paragraph 15. Any comments? Adopted. Paragraph 16.

Adopted.

Paragraph 17. Any comments here? Adopted. Paragraph 18. Excuse me, Russian Federation, you have the floor.

Thank you, Chair. We would suggest including paragraph in paragraph 17 bis. A view was expressed. The view was expressed. That the agenda item on space debris should be preserved as a standalone agenda item. That's right. Thank you.

Refleja este esta redacción lo.

This wording, does that reflect what you wanted?

Muchas gracias.

Thank you very much. So I'll then see whether the. Other delegations in the room believe that this paragraph 17 bis can be adopted, in which case it is adopted.

Parágrafo 18.

Paragraph 18. Yes, paragraph 18 then. Any comments to be made on this one? Adopted. Paragraph 19.

Azerbaijan.

Please.

I mean, my comment is not related to 19, but just as I understand that probably here nothing is written about our proposal to consider the feasibility of adopting statistical form. It looks like it is absent in the Thank you very much.

Thank you very much. Sorry, of course this is included. I give the floor to the Secretariat.

Mr. Chairman, when we prepared this draft report, it was already, um, before we received the inputs from the distinguished delegate to Azerbaijan. So if you could be so kind to send us the text that that you propose to include in the report, and we very much appreciate it. Thank you very much.

Paragraph 20.

Any comments? If not, it is adopted. Paragraph 21. Any comments here? Adopted. Paragraph 22.

Russian Federation, you have the floor.

Thank you, Chair. We do not see the view which we expressed on the inadmissibility of politicizing the work of the committee and subcommittees. And therefore, we would like to propose the inclusion of that view expressed in a separate paragraph, and we will be happy to provide that text to the Secretariat a little bit later.

Muchas gracias.

Thank you very much. Let's move on then to paragraph 23. Any comments? Adopted.

Adopted.

Paragraph 24. Any comments? Adopted.

Paragraph 25.

Any comments? Adopted.

Paragraph 26.

Any comments?

Adopted.

Paragraph 27. If there are no comments here, then we can consider that adopted. Paragraph 28. No requests, so adopted.

Paragraph 29. Adopted.

Paragraph 30.

Adopted.

Paragraph 31. Any comments here? Any comments on 20— on 31, rather?

Adopted.

32?

If we could have this on the screen, that would be great. Paragraph 32. Iran, you have the floor.

Thank you.

Thank you, Chair. We need to consult on this paragraph with Capital because we believe that 3 minutes will be short for having the statements. So please keep this paragraph open until we can get back to you.

Thank you.

Thank you, Iran. I give the floor to the UK.

Thank you, Chair, for giving me the floor. Given that this paragraph is just representing, or is a reflection of, the statements that were made under the item and not a kind of formal agreement of what will take place in the future, I believe that we can move forward, and actually I do recollect other delegations coming and supporting reduced time for statements. So this should actually probably be reflected as some delegations expressed the view rather than the view was expressed. Thank you very much.

Muchas gracias.

Thank you. With this wording then, some delegations expressed the view. So with this wording, can we adopt paragraph 32?

Muchas gracias.

Thank you.

Paragraph 33.

What you asking for? Parrafo 33.

Paragraph 33. Any comments here?

Adopted.

Paragraph 34. If there are no comments here, then 34 is adopted.

Paragraph 35.

Any comments? Adopted. And so with that, This addendum. I give the floor to Argentina.

Thank you, Chair. Just to say, we wanted to add a paragraph that expressed what we were talking about. I can read it to you or give it to the Secretariat, whichever you want. If you want, I can read it out loud and then give it to you. So, in English.

The view was expressed that there should be greater interaction with the scientific and technical subcommittees, which would strengthen the multidisciplinary vision at the time of drafting regulatory proposals arising from either subcommittee.

Russian Federation, you have the floor.

Thank you, Chair, for giving me the floor again. We are ready to read out the paragraph that we referred to. We would make it paragraph 20 bis. I'm ready to read it out now slowly in Russian.

Yes, please go ahead.

A view was expressed. The view was expressed that delegations in their statements— 20 bis. The view was expressed that delegations in their statements should strictly adhere to the agreed agenda and should not engage in politicization of the work of the committee and should prevent the politicization of the work of the committee. And its subsidiary bodies.

Thank you.

Thank you very much. Let's consider then paragraph 20-bis proposed by the Russian Federation. If any delegations have any comments, or if they don't, then we can consider it adopted. It is therefore adopted. Thank you very much. So with that, we conclude our review view of addendum. As I was saying, that concludes our examination of addenda item 6. We cannot adopt the addendum as a whole as We are waiting for the document, or rather the paragraph, to be sent to us by Azerbaijan and Argentina. Thank you very much. So we will adjourn the session now until 3 PM. Thank you.