Outer Space: Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space, Scientific and Technical Subcommittee, 62nd session, 1016 meeting

A network of optical sensors distributed throughout the country, and the core of this mass, the Space Observation Center. Unfortunately, because of the invasion of The main results of these activities you are able to witness on the slide. Optical sensors on the space station. Madam Chair, this— most projects—

Good afternoon, distinguished delegates. I now declare open the 1016th meeting of the Scientific and Technical Subcommittee. Of the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space. Distinguished delegates, this afternoon we may continue our consideration of Agenda Item 3, General Exchanges of Views. As agreed on this morning's session, time permitting, we will also begin our consideration of Agenda Item 4, Space for Sustainable Development, Technology and Its Applications including the United Nations Program on Space Applications. There will be 5 technical presentations this afternoon. I would like to inform delegates that the schedule of technical presentations is available on the session webpage and in the daily journal. Are there any questions or comments on this proposed schedule? I see none. Distinguished delegates, I would now like to continue our consideration of item 3 of our agenda, general exchanges of views. I will now turn to the list of speakers. The first speaker on my list is the distinguished representative of Brazil. You have the floor.

Thank you, Madam Chair. Allow me to congratulate you on assuming the chairmanship of this subcommittee. Be assured of my delegation's support to you to lead us towards a successful meeting. I also compliment UNOCTA Director Arti Ola-Maini and her team. I registered the deep sadness of my delegation with the passing of Ambassador Andre Mistral. Brazil aligns itself with the intervention by the G77 And my delegation will make some additional remarks in our national capacity. Madam Chair, colleagues, Brazil has long been a proponent of international collaboration in space activities. Guided by our National Space Activities Program, we're committed to fostering a safe, fair, and peaceful international environment. In 2024, Brazil took significant steps to deepen its partnerships. We signed international cooperation instruments with the Philippines and Saudi Arabia, reaffirming our dedication to scientific and technological collaboration. Additionally, a joint declaration of intent with China National Space Administration paved the way for the development of a new geostationary meteorological satellite, the CBERS-5. Brazil also strengthened ties with Chile through a Memorandum of Understanding on space activities for peaceful purposes. Furthermore, as part of the BRICS group, we signed a declaration to enhance collaboration in science, technology, and innovation including the establishment of working groups on astronomy and geospatial technologies. In the context of Brazil's presidency of the G20, we hosted the 5th Space Economy Leaders Meeting in Foz do Iguaçu. Attended by 17 space agencies of G20 countries and other key stakeholders, the event underscored the importance of a more sustainable and equitable global space economy. Madam Chair, in partnership with China and Argentina, we are advancing Earth observation capabilities to address global challenges such as climate change and environmental degradation. The development of the satellite CBERS-6, an observation satellite employing radar technology, is underway, with a planned launch in 2028. Equally significant is the SABIA Mars satellite, focused on water resources observation, set for launch in 2026. These projects not only enhance Brazil's capabilities but also contribute to global efforts to monitor and protect the planet. Brazil recognizes that the future of space exploration lies in nurturing the next generation of scientists, engineers, and innovators. Through initiatives such as the Vocational Technological Space Center and projects such as Girls in Space and Space Day, we are inspiring our youth to pursue careers in space science. In partnership with UNOSA and the UNDP, Brazil launched an online course on the space economy, which is aligned with the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and aims to foster inclusive and sustainable growth in the space sector. The Brazilian Space Sector Observatory, established in 2022, has become a vital tool for monitoring and advancing our space program. By providing data, indicators, and specialized analysis, the observatory supports informed decision-making and promotes transparency in the sector. Madam Chair, it is our shared responsibility to ensure the peaceful and sustainable use of outer space. This subcommittee is the best-positioned forum to promote greater cooperation among all space actors, both pioneers and emerging ones. We urge all member states to seize this opportunity and engage constructively and pragmatically. And before I conclude, allow me to thank all space agencies, members of the disaster charter, for the provision of images that have helped the work to mitigate impacts of flooding which hit southern Brazil in May 2024. Thank you, Madam Chair.

I thank the distinguished delegate of Brazil for the statement. The next speaker on my list is the distinguished delegate of Kuwait. You have the floor.

Thank you.

Chair, Excellencies, and distinguished delegates, it's a great pleasure to join you today to address the Scientific and Technical Subcommittee at its 62nd session. Let me begin by extending our appreciation to you, Chair. We are confident that under your leadership we will make important strides. We assure you of our full cooperation and support. We also extend our gratitude to the Director and the Secretariat of the Office for Outer Space Affairs for their exceptional work, which has made this session possible. Chair, as this marks the first participation of an official delegation from the Kuwait National Space Research Center, Kuwait NSRIC. In a COPAS meeting, we would like to begin by providing an overview of the state of Kuwait's space journey. Kuwait has been an active participant in international space initiatives since 1963, beginning with an involvement in the ITU conference It joined Intelsat in 1965 and established its first satellite communication station, Umm al-Aish, in 1969. Kuwait has constantly demonstrated its commitment to international space agreements, signing the Outer Space Treaty and related conventions in the 1970s, and later joining the UN Moon Treaty and Registration Convention in 2014. In 2021, Kuwait became a member of COPIS, reinforcing its role in space governance. Regarding research, Kuwait has developed its capabilities in satellite remote sensing research to monitor environment and climate. Since the late 1980s, these studies have been conducted by academic and research institutions in Kuwait and have been published in scientific journals. Moreover, Kuwait has made significant advancements in space weather research, establishing in 2006 a muon detector observatory at Kuwait University as part of the Muon Global Muon Detector Network. Regarding space education program, Kuwait University has been offering a bachelor degree in engineering physics satellite remote sensing since 2003. This curriculum is designed to equip students with comprehensive knowledge and skills in the satellite remote sensing and its applications across various scientific and technological fields. Regarding science-based capacity building programs. In 2019, Kuwait launched the CubeSat Capacity Building Project, an initiative led by Kuwait University and funded by the Kuwait Foundation for the Advancement of Sciences, KFAS. The project's primary goal is to develop technical expertise by training the young professionals. In the design, assembly, integration, and testing of nanosatellites. This initiative reached a historic milestone in January 2023 with the successful launch of KuwaitSat-1 to its orbit, commemorating the 60th anniversary of Kuwait's space activity. Building on this momentum, His Highness Sheikh Mishael Ahmed Al-Jaber Subah, the Emir of Kuwait and Chairman of the Board of Directors of KFAS, announced the establishment of the Kuwait National Space Research Center, Kuwait NSRC, in September 2024. The center aims to strengthen Kuwait's contributions to space science and technology, aligning with the rapidly evolving global space sector. Kuwait NISRIC is set to become a hub of innovation and research excellence, a pioneering institution dedicated to making impactful contributions to the global space industry and space economy. It also aims to create investment opportunities that drive economic growth and promote sustainable development. Thank you, Chair, and the full statement will be shared online.

I thank the distinguished delegate of Kuwait for the statement. The next speaker on my list is the distinguished delegate of Latvia. You have the floor.

Yes, thank you, honorable director, honorable chair, distinguished delegates of the member states, and distinguished delegates of the observer delegations. First of all, we would like to thank the member states of COPIS for welcoming Latvia to the committee and also congratulate Djibouti on joining this committee. Latvia fully aligns itself with the statement delivered by the distinguished delegate of the European Union, and if I may, I would like to add several points from our national perspective. We strongly support the rules-based international order in space activities. A multilateral approach ensures the safe and sustainable use of space for benefit to all. Um, I'm glad to inform that Latvia is on very good track to join the Outer Space Treaty this year, and we are progressing, progressing steadily with this. Um, The aims of this committee are strongly aligned with Latvia's Latvia's interests in Earth observation, including in the context of climate change, disaster management, and security. Latvia is a member of EU Space Surveillance and Tracking Consortium, which engages with space traffic security and space debris. We join the call on all COPIS members to avoid and prevent to the greatest extent and possible the creation of space debris. Latvian research institutions, through strong competencies and unique radio telescope infrastructure, are members of international networks such as JEV-Erik and LOFAR-Erik. Latvia is also an associate member of the European Space Agency and actively participates in its activities and projects. Over 50 companies in Latvia are contributing actively to innovations in the space industry, which have implemented over 120 innovative projects since 2015. I would like to assure the committee that Latvia offers its full and absolute support in reaching the goals of the 2030 Agenda. We also encourage further progress in the Working Group on the Long-Term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities on implementation of the existing 21 guidelines, capacity building needs, and new challenges. Latvia is deeply concerned about the current international context affecting multilateral work, including cooperation on outer space issues. We strongly condemn Russia's continued war of aggression against Ukraine. Latvia supports the UN Pact for the Future, which focuses on strengthening international cooperation in governance of space traffic, space debris, and space resources. Latvia would like to thank UNOSA and its director, Artie Holmane, for this exceptional leadership and this very significant work. We are keen to continue this collaboration and look forward more in-depth discussions to further and advance this work, which is significant not only to our nation, but obviously to all of our nations and our joint future. Thank you, Director. Thank you, Chair.

I thank the distinguished representative of Latvia for the statement. Next speaker on my list is the distinguished representative of Guatemala.

You have the floor.

Thank you very much, Madam, and good afternoon. First of all, my delegation would like to congratulate you, Madam, in the way in which you were guiding our current and past sessions. We are certain that at the 62nd session too, this will equally prove to be a successful outcome to our deliberations. We would also like to recognize the work of the Director, our team, Holmeini and the team, as well as of the United Nations Office on Outer Space Affairs, whose work and efforts made this session possible.

We'd also like to welcome and commend the new member states, Djibouti and Latvia. Madam Chair, we restate the importance of international cooperation in order to develop space capacity and are grateful to UNOSO for the initiatives it has implemented to promote the inclusion of developing countries in space activities. Here, in particular, we wish to underscore the program known as Access to Space for All, which allowed Guatemala to launch its first satellite.

And indeed, the launch of the satellite Quetzal-1 in 2020 was a historical milestone for our nation. This was a satellite developed under the Kibo Cube program. In cooperation with the Japanese Space Agency and UNOSA. As a result of this program, Guatemala has been involved in global Earth observation initiatives and disaster management initiatives, in addition to forging strategic partnerships with international space agencies and academia, including NASA, the United Kingdom Space Agency, and the University of Würzburg in Germany, Australia. The launch of Quetzal-1 not only represents a technological milestone, but was equally a moment of inspiration motivating new generations of Guatemalan students to turn to space science and technology. As a tangible result of this project, the first aerospace laboratory was established in the University of Valle in Guatemala, which is currently in the process of developing the second Quetzal satellite. Moreover, the experience and knowledge thus gained have enabled 2 Guatemalan universities, the University of Valle I referred to and the University of San Carlos, to provide technical knowledge in support of the development of a further satellite being established by a number of member states of the Central American Integration System under the UNOSA cooperation program Access to Space for All. Madam Chair, we have made significant steps forward in further strengthening Earth observation through the official launch of the Copernicus Academy in July 2024. This joint initiative enjoys the significant support of stakeholders such as the National Secretariat for Science and Technology, as well as the National Network for Research and Education in Guatemala, as well as the University of Bahia and the delegation of the European Union in Guatemala, inter alia. To guarantee the success of these initiatives, we set up a national committee for the Copernicus Academy which coordinates national and international efforts to promote the use of space technologies for natural resource management as well as for environmental monitoring. In the same spirit of international cooperation, in 2024 Guatemala hosted the 2nd Central American Space Congress, bringing together scientists, engineers, officials, and space agencies from all over the world in order to share knowledge and build cooperation in space. Madam Chair, allow me now to refer to the United Nations Platform for Space-Based Information for Disaster Management and Emergency Response, UN-SPIDER, which has enabled us to build our capacity to deal with natural disasters. This program has worked closely together with the National Coordinator for Disaster Reduction in our country, providing both training and technical Council, which has been fundamental in handling situations such as the eruption of the volcano Pacaya, where the use of satellite imagery provided by the SAOCOM-1 satellite made it possible to effectively coordinate necessary actions to prevent immense damage. This equally allowed for the monitoring and provision of response to handle drought and flooding due to the input of satellite data. A further example of invaluable cooperation with Guatemala is the Center for Remote Sensing of Land Services hosted by the University of Bonn, which has equally allowed us to strengthen our planning and response to handle these types of crises. These are some of the reasons for which Guatemala staunchly supports the proposal for the establishment of a UN SPIDER office in the Latin American region. Finally, Madam Thank you, Mr.

Chair.

Guatemala welcomes the inclusion in the subcommittee's agenda of a discussion on dark and quiet skies, astronomy, and large constellations. We believe that through the preservation of dark and quiet skies, we will be able to build on scientific progress in areas such as astronomy, in addition, which is closely linked to the sustainability of space activity, which is vital in order to preserve outer space for future generations.

Thank you.

We welcome the midterm review of the agenda of the Space 2030 Agenda to take place this year, and we trust that this process will be a comprehensive process leading to results which undoubtedly will allow us to make significant progress in space, chiefly in order to attain the Sustainable Development Goals. We also welcome the proposal to convene the United Nations Conference on the Peaceful Exploration. Generation of Outer Space, Unispace 4, in 2027, in every certainty that this will be a singular opportunity to address the most pressing challenges in space and also to allow us to enhance international cooperation by harnessing relevant stakeholders such as industry and academy. We are certain that, as was the case in the past too, these results will be of the benefit for all. Finally, allow me to restate that Guatemala is committed to the peaceful use of space, and that is why we will continue to actively promote the preservation of safe and sustainable space, as well as access to space and to space technologies for all.

Thank you very much.

I thank the distinguished delegates of Guatemala for the statements. The next speaker on my list is the distinguished representative of Belgium. You have the floor.

Thank you, Chair.

Belgium endorses the statement made by— on behalf of the EU. I would like to add the following in my national capacity. My delegation welcomes you as chair of this 62nd session of the STSC. We would also like to thank the director of UNOOSA, Madame Holle-Meijne, as well as her team for preparing this session. Chair, my delegation would like to pay a heartfelt tribute to Mr. Mistel, who has left us all too early. We thank him for his outstanding work in this committee. We would also like to present our condolences to the bereaved families and those close to him. We assure Poland all of our sympathy. Madam Chair, this 62nd session of the Subcommittee is held, while sustainability and the security of outer space activities are subject to several discussions. We thank UN-USA and partner states for the various events, conferences, and workshops on these key issues. We're very pleased to see COPUOS' work in this difficult time moving towards greater inclusion for all stakeholders. And advocates of outer space as a resource. That would be research institutions, communities, industries, academia. Women and men from all generations should take part in our discussions so as to fuel intergovernmental global cooperation. This cooperation is more than ever crucial in the face of the technical challenges before us. That is the limitation and removal of space debris, preventing the pollution of the atmosphere, as well as that on Earth and the oceans, management of natural resources of celestial bodies, and preserving outer space as a place for scientific research. Space technology should reinvent itself now so as to ensure that it has solutions for its survival. We are part of this through support that we offer through research, particularly through the ESA, and through the regulation of national space activities. We encourage a long-term vision for the sustainability and exploration and use of outer space. Here, we remain mindful that the exploration of outer space Thank you. The protection of space is also done on Earth, and that this means the protection of the sky, in particular for the detection of near-Earth objects. We think that the subcommittee and the committee as a whole should think about how we might organize our agenda to ensure that the sustainability of space resources as a cross-cutting topic and a priority of our work. This would be a way of establishing a nexus between the various agenda items through how they relate to sustainability. In this regard, we welcome the proposal from Director Holomanyi to hold in 2027 a 4th edition of the Global Conference, This will be a time to highlight and move forward on COP21's work. We think that the topic to be chosen for this event should be broad enough such that decisions and specific and positive action can be taken politically as well as technically. Thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative of Belgium for the statement. The next speaker on my list is the distinguished representative of India. You have the floor.

Madam Chair and distinguished delegates, at the outset, Indian delegation conveys our deepest condolences on the sudden demise of Ambassador André Mester, Chair of the Working Group on Legal Aspects Exxon Space Resources. We convey our condolences to his family members as well. The Indian delegation takes this opportunity to congratulate the chair on leading the 61st Scientific and Technical Subcommittee and assures full cooperation and support to ensure the success of the current session. Indian delegation continues to support United Nations Office of Outer Space Affairs under the able leadership of Ms. Aarti Holameni and its endeavors to fulfill the vision of United Nations Committee on Peaceful Uses of Outer Space. Madam Chair, to commemorate the successful landing of Chandrayaan-3 on lunar south pole, the entire Indian nation sat celebrated the maiden National Space Day on August 23rd, 2024. On the same day, the Chandrayaan-3 science data was also released to the public. Similarly, the maiden set of scientific data from country's first dedicated solar observatory, Aditya-L1, was also released to the global scientific community on January 6th, 2025. These data can be access through Indian Space Science Data Center portal of Indian Space Research Organization. Madam Chair, India also achieves several significant milestones in the space sector during this year. We are pleased to share some of these milestones with this esteemed committee. 2 major satellites were launched: INSAT-3DS to enhance meteorological observations and to monitor land and ocean surfaces for weather forecasting and disaster warnings. GSAT-N2 to meet broadband and in-flight connectivity needs, ensuring nationwide coverage and including the remote regions of around India. In addition, several technology demonstration missions were also successfully conducted. Small Satellite Launch Vehicle SSLV-T3 mission showcased the repeatable flight performance of SSLV vehicle systems, successfully placing the EOS-08 satellite into orbit. PROBA-3 satellite of the European Space Agency was also launched onboard Indian launch vehicle. India continues to implement the long-term sustainability guidelines in the best possible way. To quote an example, PSLV C-58 Exposat mission left practically zero debris in the orbit. After deploying the Exposat satellite, the spent PSLV stage was utilized for further experiments before being deorbited to ensure a reentry into the Northern Pacific Ocean. Madam Chair, another significant milestone for India was the successful space docking Docking Experiment, Space— SpaceX mission, which demonstrates the rendezvous, docking, and undocking of 2 small spacecraft in a low Earth circular orbit. The mission marks a stepping stone towards the imminent Bharatiya Antarktika Station, India's ambition and ambitious vision for a space exploration journey. Human spaceflight Gaganyaan program has also made significant progress. Preparatory activities for first uncrewed Gaganyaan mission are underway, and 2 of the Gaganyaan-3s are going to— are being trained for the mission for International Space Station, a joint mission with NASA. They are also being trained for conducting microgravity experiments. Concurrently, progress is being made in several areas, such as successful completion of human rating of CE-20 cryogenic engine, signing of agreements of international collaboration, assembly of human-rated LVM-3 rocket, etc. Madam Chair, following sectoral reforms, India's space arena is experiencing rapid growth for startups and private firms. India is fostering a vibrant space ecosystem by extending technical support and expertise. Notable examples of non-governmental entities participating in participation including the suborbital mission Agni-1 by Agnikul Cosmos and development of 10 payloads for PSLV-C60 Spadex PoEM-4 mission. As part of the capacity building, India conducted dedicated training program on the applications of space science and technology for the officials of Kenya and Nigeria on the small satellite development. The engineers from Mauritius— the UN-affiliated Center for Space Science and Technology Education in India and Pacific, hosted by India, continued its capacity-building efforts by providing courses and other educational programs, especially benefiting the participants from developing countries. Madam Chair, COPAS, as the unique platform for promoting peaceful and sustainable use of outer space, has to adapt to the rapidly evolving outer space scenario and provide faster and effective solutions to the emerging challenges. The creation of Action Team on Lunar Activities Consultation, ATLAG, and inclusion of agenda item on dark and quiet skies astronomy and large constellations, addressing emerging issues and challenges as the single issue for discussion in STSC session from 2025 to '29, are commendable initiatives. Indian delegation will actively participate in the discussions under these agenda items. The Indian delegation looks forward to a productive session and remains committed to contribute positively. Thank you very much.

I thank the distinguished representative of India for the statement. The next speaker on my list is the distinguished representative of Luxembourg. You have the floor.

Thank you very much, Chair. Excellencies, ladies and gentlemen, Madam Chair, first we would like to congratulate you on your election to The Chair, we would also like to thank UNUSA and its Director, Madam Arti Hulamani, for her leadership as well as for the effective preparation of this session. Rest assured of our full support. Chair, we were very sad to believe— to learn of the death of Mr. André Mistal, the co-chair of the Working Group on Space Resources. He had been so involved and was so skilled at seeking consensus in COPUOS. We will certainly miss him. Luxembourg fully aligns itself with the EU statement. Allow me to add the following in my national capacity. Luxembourg has a developing, dynamic spatial ecosystem. System with a common thread of sustainability, which is the core of our National Space Strategy 2023-2027. We're pleased with the adoption of the Pact for the Future during the Future Summit in the UN held in September 2024 in New York, in particular Action 56, which is about reflecting on new frameworks for space travel We also support the decision to encourage the participation of the private sector, civil society, and other interested stakeholders. We thank UNOOSA, Germany, and the UAE, as well as Peru, for having organized and held the Global Forum on Space, December 2024. So as to launch discussions on the Pact for the Future and action to come, including UNISPACE 24 in 2026. We are sure that the issue of space debris equally impacts all spacefaring nations or those just at the beginning of this journey. That is why there has to be a definition and strengthening of shared rules that must be upheld by all space actors and finding realistic and lasting solutions for the sustainability of outer space for generations to come. We continue to support the development of technologies for the monitoring of debris or for extending the life of space objects in Europe as well. The national regime for permitting of space activities includes The implementation of space debris mitigation measures in line with existing standards and COPUOS guidelines. Chair, delegates, in 2024, we continued our action through bilateral and multilateral cooperation. We signed a governmental agreement as well as an interagency agreement with Japan. This seeks to further the exploration and use of outer space for peaceful purposes. The end of 2024 saw the signing of a framework agreement, 10 years in length, between the governments of Luxembourg and the U.S. to bolster cooperation between our space agencies. 2024 was particularly promising for the Artemis Accords. That is because we hit the symbolic threshold of 50 members. We were one of the first states signatories. We hope that the CRP presented by certain Artemis Accord signatories will provide clarity to the committee on progress made and the contribution of signatories. When it comes to cooperation and development and humanitarian action, we have drawn upon space applications and technologies through the emergency.lu So as to provide humanitarian assistance to the island of Mayotte last December. In 2024, international conversations on space resources were extremely productive. We will actively continue our participation in the Working Group on the Legal Aspects of the Exploration of Space Resources— Exploitation of Space Resources. Nationally speaking, our government provided a permit Under the Law of 2017 on Outer Space Resources to iSpace Europe. They will be operating a micro rover in the M2 mission launched January 15th, 2025 by the parent company, the Japanese parent company iSpace Inc. This permit is historical— historic, rather, because it is the first permit issued in Europe for the exploration and utilization of outer space resources Through a private mission for commercial purposes. Furthermore, we welcome the establishment of the Action Team for Consultation on Lunar Activities, ATLAC, initiated by Romania and supported by many COPROVS countries. We fully support the initiative and will take active part in the discussions. Chair, colleagues, We continue to attach particular importance to support innovation and knowledge sharing on space technologies. Luxembourg's Space Week, organized from 2 to 5 December 2024, was an opportunity for exchange and networking between stakeholders in the space sector. Finally, Madam, may I inform the members and delegates of the subcommittee regarding the Space Resources Week to be held from 19 to 21 May 2025 in hybrid format. This year's week will discuss issues having to do with the specific use of outer space resources. Madam Chair, colleagues, COPUOS must remain the point of reference when it comes to strengthening cooperation, dialogue, mutual comprehension between nations and promoting international cooperation when it comes to the peaceful uses of outer space to benefit all. Thank you very much, and thank you for your patience.

I thank the distinguished representative of Luxembourg for the statement. The next speaker on my list is the distinguished representative of Armenia. You have the floor.

Chair, at the outset, we extend our gratitude to the Chair of the Scientific and Technical Subcommittee, Ulpea Elena Botezato, and assure you of our delegation's support and cooperation. We also extend our gratitude to the United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs and its Director, Archie Holomaini, for her leadership, dedication, and the meticulous preparation of this session. Chair, outer space is a shared domain of humankind, and its sustainable use and exploration for exclusive peaceful purposes should stand as a backbone of any progress and advancement to this end. While the United Nations outer space treaties form the cornerstone, cornerstone of the legal framework governing the peaceful use of outer space, non-legally binding instruments such as the Long-Term Sustainability and Space Debris guidelines also play a crucial role in guiding national space policies. Armenia supports the mandate of the COPUS and its two subcommittees as a unique platform for governing the peaceful use of the outer space and fostering international cooperation and advancing capacity building efforts in space science and technology. Chair, we believe that maximizing space. Derived economic benefits, advancing the space industry, and integrating the space sector with fields such as energy, public health, and the environment are key to addressing global challenges, including climate change, while accelerating the progress towards the achievement of the Agenda 2030. With this understanding, and as a country which has recently embarked on space faring activities, Armenia advocates for equal opportunities for developing countries to benefit from space resources and activities. In this context, technical support and cooperation, as well as sharing of know-how between the developed and developing countries, is of particular importance to make sure that all nations have necessary capabilities to benefit from the immense opportunity provided by space. Armenia prioritizes developing its national space capabilities as an important sector for our country's sustainable development and a driver for scientific technological advancement, while making sure that the space technologies enhance our understanding of, of environmental and climate challenges and help devise fit-for-purpose strategies and programs for the environmental preservation. In 2024, Armenia has made significant strides in space technology and research. A key milestone in 2024 was the MAD-24 Mars Analog Simulation Field Mission held in Armenia. Organized by the Austrian Space Forum and hosted by the Armenian Aerospace Agency, the mission involved 200 scientists, from 26 countries. It facilitated diverse experiments in geoscience and robotics, evaluating challenges and disadvantages for future human planetary missions. The Armagh site was chosen for its geological and topographic resemblance to Mars, offering a realistic environment to test equipment including high-fidelity spacesuit simulators and portable systems. The mission enabled the development of platforms for life detection techniques, robotic support tools, and situational awareness systems for remote teams. It also served as a catalyst for enhancing planetary science feasibility and refining the operational framework for human missions to Mars, providing a robust model for mission support and astronaut decision-making. Decision-making. Armenia closely follows the processes of establishment and operationalization of the ATLAS. This is an important endeavor to develop coordinated and cooperative regulatory frameworks, frameworks for lunar activities among states. Armenia stands ready to actively engage and support objectives of the ATLAS with a view to making the immense opportunities provided by lunar activities beneficial for all states and humanity. In conclusion, we look forward to engaging in productive discussions throughout this session. I thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative of Armenia for her statement. The next speaker on my list is the distinguished representative of Türkiye.

You have the floor.

Madam Chair, at the outset, Please allow me to express our deepest gratitude to you, as well as to the Director of UNOSA, Ms. Holamaini, and her dedicated team for the excellent preparation of this session, and also welcome the 2 new members of COPUS, namely Djibouti and Latvia, as well as the newly elected co-chairs of ATLAS, from Pakistan and Romania. We would also like to convey our deepest condolences to the delegation of Poland for the unfortunate passing of Mr. Andrzej Misztal. Distinguished Chair and delegates, the growth in space activities has increased the importance of COPUOS and its subcommittees in regulating and managing these activities, as well as the crucial role of UNOSA in executing space-related programs. Turkey, as one of the few countries which ratified all the 5 UN treaties on outer space, believes that these treaties constitute the cornerstone of international law on outer space And COPUOS and its subcommittees are the main platforms for the discussions on peaceful use of outer space and development of international law. Türkiye welcomes the adoption of the Pact for the Future, which recognized, among others, the need for urgent action to ensure safe and sustainable use of space for the benefit of all humankind. As the Pact encouraged COPUOS to further consult on the proposal to hold UNISPACE IV, we would like to underscore the importance of addressing key priorities, including the establishment of coordination mechanisms for ensuring space sustainability, the broader utilization of space solutions like the use of space data, technologies, and applications to achieve the SDGs and the enhancement of international cooperation for the peaceful use and exploration of outer space. Furthermore, we support discussions on long-term sustainability of outer space activities, space debris mitigation, space traffic management, and the efforts for cooperation on space resources and sustainable lunar activities. Distinguished delegates, with the leadership of the Turkish Space Agency, Türkiye has been significantly expanding its space activities in recent years under its National Space Program. Under the Turkish Astronaut and Science Mission Program, As a landmark achievement, our first Turkish astronaut Alper Gezeravcı conducted 13 critical scientific experiments during a 14-day mission at the International Space Station in the beginning of 2024. Our second astronaut Tuba Cihangir Atasever completed a suborbital flight in June, also conducting 7 scientific experiments. Experiments which will absolutely inspire younger Turkish generations on future space activities. Moreover, in 2024, the first equipment to be used in the spacecraft that we developed for our first moon mission was produced, and the vibration as well as the thermal and vacuum environmental tests of the S-band antennas designed for our moon mission were also successfully completed. Türkiye, under the Opsco project, also contributed to the groundbreaking research by sending plants to the space with the Cijan 19 satellite to develop varieties resistant to disease and environmental stress. At the 50 At the 75th International Astronautical Congress held in Milan in October 2024, Türkiye's leading institutions and firms working in the fields of space and defense technologies showcased Türkiye's projects and introduced Türkiye's space program and the upcoming IAC, which will be hosted in Antalya in 2026. Additionally, as the largest R&D project in our country, Türkiye's first domestically produced communication satellite, TÜKSAT 6A, reached its orbit slot in July. Türkiye's emerging space ecosystem continued to develop also in 2025. One of our pioneering space companies, Fergani Uzay, successfully launched Türkiye's biggest satellite produced by a private company into the orbit in January, developed entirely in-house. Distinguished delegates, in an effort to foster interest in aerospace among young generations, Türkiye organizes Teknofest, the world's largest aerospace and technology festival, every year. Organized under the leadership of the Ministry of Industry and Technology, the Technofest will take place in Istanbul this year and will feature 51 different technology competitions, including the ones on model satellite and artificial intelligence in aerospace. Applications for the Technofest 2025 will remain open until 20th of February. Chair and distinguished delegates, in closing, we would like to reaffirm Türkiye's commitment to international cooperation in all aspects of the space sector. We stand ready to work closely and collectively with member states to address shared challenges and ensure that outer space remains a domain of peace, innovation, and opportunity for all humankind. We firmly believe that challenges surrounding space activities can only be addressed collaboratively by member states, with COPUOS playing the leading role. Thank you, Chair.

I thank the distinguished representative of Türkiye for the statement. The next speaker on my list is the The distinguished representative of Canada, you have the floor.

Madame la présidente.

Madam Chair, distinguished delegates. Canada thanks Madame Botizatu of Romania for the remarkable work that she has accomplished as chair of the last meeting of the subcommittee. Firstly, allow me to convey our sincerest condolences To the family and friends of Ambassador Michal, we equally wish to acknowledge the contribution made by the United Nations Office of Outer Space Affairs, which has tirelessly worked towards organizing this meeting, and we wish to assure you of Canada's full and constructive cooperation in order to reach positive results. We also wish to convey our gratitude to Kenya, which successfully hosted the 5th Expert Meeting on Space for Women in Nairobi in November 2024. Canada was proud to participate in this event. In 2025, we are pleased to inform you that Canada will be hosting the Space Ops 2025 Conference from the 26th to the 30th of May. The theme of this event is Towards Space Sustainability, and we encourage all delegations to attend this significant event. We equally encourage students and young professionals to attend, as well as representatives of the Space Generation Advisory Council, as tomorrow's human potential will equally be a matter of importance. In 2024, Canada chaired the Committee on Earth Observation Satellites, CEOS, focusing on the preservation of biodiversity on the planet. We would like to thank all states that contributed to the successful outcome of this event, in particular through the establishment of a study group on biodiversity for informing CEOS. As to how to best coordinate its activities linked to biodiversity.

In 2024, Canada was also pleased to host the 2nd workshop of Artemis Accords signatories and to co-host the principals meeting in October alongside NASA and ASI. This year, we have shared a summary of those discussions to support the implementation of the Artemis Accords principles, with UN Copuis, which is found at ACRP 16. Chair, Earth observation remains central to the Canadian space program, and in 2024, CSA secured funding to design and develop a replenishment satellite for the RADARSAT constellation mission and to design a next-generation satellite system to succeed it. Our The ECM is crucial for monitoring climate change and mitigating its impact on the environment, promoting sustainable development, and supporting disaster relief in Canada and around the world. Last year, Canada allocated funding to the Lunar Exploration Accelerator Program to diversify and advance Canadian expertise that will enable astronauts in deep space to access safe and healthy food and remote healthcare. The technologies developed through this program can be further adapted to serve Canadians in remote and isolated communities. In February 2024, the CSA and Impact Canada concluded the Deep Space Healthcare Challenge. The winning project, the EasyResus application, will enable access to the vital information needed by emergency personnel in the critical first hour of resuscitation. In collaboration with NASA, we also concluded the Deep Space Food Challenge. The Canadian winner uses an innovative approach to produce a diverse range of fresh foods with the CanGrow solution, an indoor food production system with the potential to generate over 700 kilograms of nutrient- Dance Food annually. As part of Canada's commitment to advancing equity, diversity, and inclusion in the space sector, the CSA is collaborating with organizations serving youth from communities historically underrepresented in space STEM fields. For instance, a prototype Lunar Adventure Kit was developed in collaboration with the input from 9 communities in Nunavut in northern Canada and includes learning resources in the local language Inuktitut alongside culturally relevant references to Arctic food sources and plants for future astronauts on the moon. Chair, finally, it remains extremely concerning that our session once again takes place against the backdrop of Russia's illegal war of aggression in Ukraine. As we have repeatedly stated, Russia's actions directly undermine global peace and security as well as international law and run contrary to our collective efforts to advance the peaceful uses of outer space. As space capabilities become increasingly well understood as intrinsic to so many aspects of life on Earth, we must continue to work together to find solutions to keep space activities sustainable over the long term and for the benefit of all. Thank you for your kind attention.

I thank the distinguished representative of Canada for the statement. The next speaker on my list is the distinguished representative of Colombia.

You have the

Thank you very much. Madam Chair, to begin, allow me to wish you and all members of the Bureau the best of success in the work of this subcommittee and to thank you as well as the Director of UNOSA and the Secretariat for all of the efforts made in order to organize this meeting. Colombia aligns itself with the statement of the G77 and China and its in its national capacity, wishes to state the following. Space science and technology are key drivers that contribute to development.

We therefore recognize the significant work undertaken by UNOSA and by its Scientific and Technical Subcommittee in order to bring closer the benefits of space applications to all states. It is fundamental that we support capacity building and technology transfer in the area of space applications, processing methodologies, and data access, as well as by forging ever closer partnerships among capacities— among countries with space capacity and developing countries.

Outer space is a vital arena in order to progress towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goals by enabling innovative solutions to tackle social, economic, and environmental challenges both now and in the future. We highlight the need for the applications of space technology to reduce the—

to reduce disaster risks, to protect the environment, improve land management as well as water resource management, optimizing agriculture, and addressing climate change. One priority for my country is mitigating the impact of environmental pollution. On public health and obtaining useful information for decision-taking. The efforts of our government are geared towards improving air quality and reducing the impact of atmospheric pollution on health. Accordingly, Colombia will host the 2nd World Conference on Air Pollution and Health. This will take place between the 25th and 27th of March 2025 in Cartagena, where we will be able to debate strategies to help mitigate air pollution by establishing networks for the monitoring of clean air as well as air quality models.

In the same vein, we support the establishment of programs that will facilitate access to cutting-edge technologies for data analysis and monitoring on air quality using technical knowledge and resources. Moreover, we highlight the transformative impact of space technologies on risk management and natural disaster management. Initiatives such as UN-SPIDER have significantly strengthened the capacity of our countries to efficiently respond to emergencies caused by natural disasters.

Colombia has implemented pioneering projects that combine satellite imagery analysis with artificial intelligence in order to identify risk patterns such as those connected to active volcanoes, floods, landslides, and forest fires. Risk mitigation by strengthening partnerships and by using information to minimize risks allows us to take timely decisions to save lives. And therefore, Colombia appeals for strengthened cooperation in the exchange of knowledge, data, and best practices related to the use of space technologies for disaster management. We equally note with concern the increase of space debris and support the development of sustainable and transparent solutions to this issue by promoting the establishment of international norms and standards that will penalize those who are responsible for bad practice, be it in the public or private sector.

Space weather and planetary security are equally matters of global priority given the risks that they pose to space systems and to land-based infrastructure.

Colombia supports the development of international warning networks the exchange of information and of lessons learned, as well as cooperation and the promotion of efficient services. We equally underscored that the guidelines on the long-term sustainability of outer space are fundamental in order to preserve a safe, stable environment accessible for all states.

We underscore the need to preserve dark and quiet skies as essential common heritage for astronomy, environmental conservation, innovation and space sustainability.

The rapid growth in satellite constellations poses significant challenges such as light contamination, light pollution, which affects astronomical observations, as well as radioelectric interference, which restricts the scope of telescopes, as well as heightening the risk of collisions that threaten orbital sustainability. Turning to the sustainability of nuclear power sources in outer space, we support the ongoing discussions in COP UAS on the legal and scientific technical aspects, in particular the development of international frameworks that will govern the safe and responsible use of these technologies by prioritizing strict safety standards that will minimize environmental and operational risks. Finally, we restate our commitment to the exclusively peaceful use and exploration of outer space and share the concerns regarding a potential arms race. It is therefore necessary that we focus all our efforts to prevent this scenario from occurring and to preserve a peaceful space environment for future generations.

Thank you.

Thank you, distinguished representative of Colombia, for the statement. The next speaker on my list is the distinguished representative of Morocco. You have the floor.

Thank you, Chair. May I begin? Madam Ulpea Bodesatu of Romania, on behalf of my delegation, congratulate you on your outstanding leadership as Chair of the 61st session of the SDIC. Rest assured of the support of the Moroccan delegation over the course of this session. We would also like to thank Madam Ahti Holomayni for her preliminary statement and ongoing and outstanding commitment to the peaceful uses of outer space for science, technology, and social and economic development. We also thank the members of the Secretariat for their praiseworthy efforts and work ensuring the organization of this session. My delegation would align itself with the statements made by the G77 and China, and the African Group. We make the following comments in our national capacity.

Madam the President.

Chair, the Kingdom of Morocco has been a member of COPUO since 1961 and a states party to the UN's 5 treaties. As such, we attach great importance to regional, sub-regional, and international cooperation when it comes to outer space activities. In this connection, the Kingdom of Morocco hails the establishment of ATLAS and continues to eagerly follow discussions regarding the implementation of its work plan. The Kingdom of Morocco reiterates also its support to the proposal to hold a 4th UN Conference on the Exploration and Peaceful Uses of Outer Space, UNISPACE, 4 in 2027. The Kingdom of Morocco, as the forthcoming chair of COPUOS and following the proposal of the 67th session of COPUOS regarding the holding of Unispace 4 in 2027, will, with Italy, hold informals during this session. We will then issue a recommendation on the arrangement for Unispace 4 to the chairmanship for COPOS 2025 for adoption. When it comes to the development of outer space activities in Africa, the Kingdom of Morocco continues to back the African Regional Center for Space Science and Technologies in French in Rabat so as to build national capacity in Africa African countries in space science and technologies. And thus, in 2024, there were 89 beneficiaries from 10 African countries who participated in the postgrad master's in space science and technologies, remote sensing and GNS satellite systems, meteorological satellites and global weather, as well as Madam, without a doubt, space science and technologies and their applications are drivers of economic growth and significantly contribute to the attainment of the SDGs. Thus, we have made notable progress in the space sector, specifically when it comes to Earth remote sensing, where satellite imagery based on geospatial information contribute to the implementation of sector-based strategies for social and economic development in Morocco. This progress was significantly added to since the launching of Mohammed VI A and B in 2017 and 2018. We attach particular importance To R&D, and particularly took an important step by launching 2 university nanosatellites, UM5 EOSAT and UM5 RIBAT. This was on August 16th, 2024. These will pave the way for a new generation of researchers and engineers from Moroccan universities in space technologies. Madam, More than ever, the Kingdom of Morocco is sure that the use and exploration of outer space must be conducted in a peaceful manner. In the interest of all countries, we are committed to continuing cooperation with UNOOSA and member states of COPUOS to ensure peaceful use of outer space for scientific, technological, and socio-economic economic development purposes. By way of conclusion, and as forthcoming chair of COP+25 following Egypt, the Kingdom of Morocco will spare no effort in seeking consensus for a consensus-based adoption of the report following the session. Thank you very much. The French version of this statement will be uploaded online. Thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative of Morocco for the statement. The next speaker on my list is the distinguished representative of Czechia. You have the floor.

Madam Chair, distinguished delegates, on behalf of the delegation of the Czech Republic, I would like to begin by congratulating you on your efficient chairmanship and the Secretariat for all the hard work and the efforts. At the outset, I would like to emphasize the importance of international cooperation and collaboration to minimize the risk associated with increased activity in outer space while maximizing the benefits of space for all. As the member of— as the number of satellites, especially in low Earth orbit, increases significantly each year, we stress the need for a global approach to coordinated space traffic management, which we believe should be overseen under the umbrella of the United Nations. Madam Chair, distinguished delegates, the Czech Republic aligns itself with the statement made by the EU on behalf of its member states. We would like to reiterate our strong support for the international order based on international law with the United Nations at its core and a multilateral approach to international affairs, including issues related to outer space. The Czech Republic strongly condemns the Russian Federation's of aggression against Ukraine and other illegal actions that violate multiple UN Security Council resolutions, as well as GDPR case illegal actions in violating of multiple UN Security Council resolutions. Madam Chair, distinguished delegates, in the realm of space endeavors, the Czech Republic has a solid foundation to build upon. Whether we consider the Magellan satellite series involvement in numerous scientific experiments, or participation in space missions. Over the past 3 decades, space activities have increasingly become commercialized, and this trend persists today. The Czech Republic's accession to the ESA more than 15 years ago has unlocked new possibilities and opportunities for us. The main interests of the Czech Republic's space activities lie in the fields of Earth observation, navigation, telecommunications, communications, launchers, space science and exploration, and space safety. Our memberships in the European Space Agency and the European Union remain the main pillars of the development of our space activities and participation in space projects. Speaking about the space project, it's also worth mentioning a new national project, Czech Journey to Space. This project aims to not only to launch the first Czech astronaut to the International Space Station, but also to leverage space activities for socio-economic benefits. The project focuses on fostering innovation, enhancing educational opportunities, and inspiring future generations through collaborative efforts in research, technology development, and outreach initiatives. Czech Journey to Space seeks to ignite public interest in space exploration cultivate STEM— science, technology, engineering, and mathematics— skills among youth and drive economic growth in related sectors. Last but not least, this initiative aims to position the Czech Republic as a significant player in the global space community. Madam Chair, distinguished delegates, finally, I would like to emphasize the socioeconomic benefits of space activities in our everyday lives. We often how space activities make our lives easier and safer thanks to services such as long-distance calling, data transmission, and satellite navigation. Additionally, precise timekeeping and satellite imagery are essential, essential for monitoring our land and atmosphere, serving as the foundation for security, crisis management, and many applications. Madam Chair, in conclusion, I would like to assure you that the Czech Republic remains committed to international cooperation in outer space at all levels. We would like to reiterate our strong support for the work of the mission of the UN Committee on Peaceful Uses of Outer Space and its subcommittees. Chair, distinguished delegates, I thank you for your kind attention.

I thank the distinguished representative of Czechia for the statement. The next speaker on my list is the distinguished representative of Pakistan. You have the floor.

Thank you, Chair. At the outset, my delegation would like to extend its condolences to the delegation of Poland on the demise of the former Chair of the Working Group on Space Resources, Ambassador Andrzej Smierczak. Secondly, we would like to join other delegations in assuring you of our full support and cooperation for the success of this this session. We acknowledge the work done by the Secretariat in the preparation of this current session of the subcommittee. With due regard to the time constraint, I'll be delivering a shorter version of my statement and request the Secretariat to make the full version available online for— and also for record. Chair, as a space-emerging nation, The prime focus of Pakistan's national space program is the pursuit of socioeconomic development and progress. Presently, Pakistan has five operational satellites in space. These include three remote sensing satellites: PRSS-1, Parktest-1, the electro-optical one launched in January 2025, and two active. Communication satellites ParkSat-1R and ParkSat MM-1. Pakistan Space Agency, SPARCO, has launched various applications utilizing information from these satellites. It is pursuing partnerships with various entities to provide solutions to its citizens for socioeconomic development in various sectors including agriculture, agriculture, disaster risk mitigation. Pakistan is also engaged in robust international collaboration for promoting the peaceful uses of outer space. This year, Pakistan will host the International Conference on Applications of Space Science and Technology, ICASST, which is scheduled to be held from 18th to November 2025. The conference, themed as Space for Sustainable Development, is expected to attract good representation from the global space sector. Chair, Pakistan welcomes the establishment of Action Team on Lunar Activities Consultations at LAC and looks forward to supporting the work of this important body to facilitate an outcome which will be beneficial for all the member states. Moreover, Pakistan also looks forward to positive deliberations regarding the 4th United Nations Conference on the Exploration and Peaceful Uses of Outer Space, UNISPACE IV, and will underscore that UNISPACE IV must be an opportunity to put the interests of developing countries front and center. The agenda of this event must ensure that the use and exploration of outer space is carried out exclusively for peaceful purposes, for the benefit of all countries, and in line with the body of applicable international law. Pakistan looks forward to a fruitful conclusion to these discussions and remains committed to actively participating in all deliberations regarding UNISPACE IV. Chair and distinguished delegates, Pakistan greatly values the work being carried out by the International Committee on Global Navigation Satellite Systems, ICG, which has contributed to sustainable development by promoting cooperation in matters related to satellite-based positioning, navigation, and timing. GNSS technologies have become an integral part of our societies and economies. Pakistan applied for ICG membership in 2021. On its technical merits, Pakistan's membership application enjoys overwhelming support. Pakistan believes that the ICG is a purely technical body whose work stands to benefit from the participation of countries that have growing GNSS capabilities. The ICG will not be able to pursue its stated objectives effectively if countries which can contribute to its technical work continue to be excluded. We hope that the technical merits of Pakistan's application will be accorded primacy over narrow political considerations and that Pakistan can join this technical platform at the earliest. Pakistan has been a strong and consistent proponent of the prevention of arms races in outer space. We are against the militarization and weaponization of outer space in any form. For this reason, anti-satellite tests not least because of their debris-generating effect, remain a matter of grave concern. We believe that there is a need to address gaps in the international space law with a view to ensuring that no one threatens peaceful activities and application of space technologies for socioeconomic development. Finally, Chair, we look forward to a fruitful exchange of views among member states during during this important session of the subcommittee. I thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative of Pakistan for the statement. The next speaker on my list is the distinguished representative of Ecuador. You have the floor.

Madam Chair, as this is the first time that Ecuador has taken the floor, we would like to congratulate you upon your designation to guide us through this multilateral encounter. And equally to congratulate all members of the Bureau. I would also like to thank the Secretariat for organizing the 62nd session of the Scientific and Technical Subcommittee of COPUOS and to express our support for the consideration of items on the agenda. Ecuador aligns itself with the declaration of the G77 and China and welcomes Djibouti and Latvia as the newest members of COPUOS. and in our national capacity, would now like to make the following comments. Madam Chair, the agenda that we are addressing at this subcommittee exceeds borders and connects the international community to the exploration, exploitation, and peaceful use—

peaceful use of outer space through cooperation, where COPUOS is a vital forum to address space matters that are of interest to all of humankind without exception.

Accordingly, through our national competent entities, Ecuador is doing its utmost in order to ensure its adherence to the Fourth Space Treaty, which is the treaty on the registration of objects launched into outer space. We are committed to progress, innovation, and progress achieved in the sphere of space exploration. That is why we have developed a national space plan which comprises an outer space strategy. One of the main aims of our space—

of our national space plan is the establishment of a legal framework to govern this activity while guaranteeing the development of research, industry, services, as well as environmental protection, registration of objects launched into space, safety and security of operations in outer space, and the use of space for resources. From an ethical perspective, space exploration and exploitation activities should include the preservation of space as a common good for all of humankind in order to promote peaceful cooperation and prevent its militarization or an arms race. As such, Ecuador hosted the Amerigeo Week in 2024, which focused on adapting for a Resilient Future Using Earth-Based Intelligence. This took place in August 2024 and brought together representatives of its member states, of academia, and international organizations in order to enhance cooperation for the use and application of geo-information.

Madam Chair, international cooperation is essential when it comes to tackling the challenges that we face in the sphere of space exploration, which is why my country has planned to work closely together using UNOSA's technical assistance for a proposed national space law and policy entitled the Space Law for New Space Actors.

Ecuador participated in a number of fora in the Artemis Agreement, such as the Artemis Workshop held in Quebec, Canada, an event which provided an opportunity for a dialogue on implementation as well as defining best practices in order to ensure the safe and transparent and sustainable exploration of outer space.

Madam Chair, turning to science and technology, Ecuador plans to invest in the research and development of space technologies, which will open up new economic vistas through participation in the space industry and technological implementation in various areas such as telecommunications and Earth observation. It is fundamental that we continue to educate our citizens in space sciences, thus promoting a new generation of scientific and technical specialists in this area. Education will help build the capacity to participate actively in space projects, working together with international entities in order to harness the opportunities provided through outer space.

And then finally, the exploration of outer space is both a challenge and an opportunity for which international cooperation cooperation is indispensable. This latter will ensure that the benefits and scientific developments of space activities are available for all of humankind, and in so doing will contribute to sustainable development in keeping with the goals established in Agenda 2030 for Sustainable Development.

Thank you. I thank the distinguished representative of Ecuador for the statement. The next speaker on my list is the distinguished Representative of Bulgaria, you have the floor.

Thank you very much, Madam Chair, distinguished delegates. Bulgaria is a strong supporter of multilateralism, with the UN at its core. Multilateralism plays a vital role in maintaining peace and security, and it fosters cooperation among nations. This collaborative approach is closely linked to development, including the goals outlined in the 2030 Agenda. It therefore has no alternative and makes unacceptable illegal actions violating UN Charter, such as the Russian aggressive war against Ukraine. I would like to express Bulgaria's strong commitment to support the work of UNOSA and COPUS, as well to thank Director Ahti Holomaini and the Secretariat for the excellent preparation of this session. I would also like to thank you, Madam Chair Bottizzatto, and commend you for skillful steering of the work of the STSC. You can rely on our delegation's full support. I'd also like to extend Bulgaria's warm welcome to the new members of COPPEO, Latvia and Djibouti, and congratulate them on this important development. Chair, Bulgaria fully aligns with the statement delivered on behalf of the European Union and in its national capacity would like to share the following Thank you, Mr. Secretary-General. Thank you, Mr. President. Driven by scientific research and innovation, space technologies and space activities are becoming increasingly important and indispensable for our daily lives and well-being, as well as for creating economic growth and supporting the green and digital transition. This results in growing number of space actors, space objects, and space activities, but also in urgent need to create and implement effective norms to ensure the safety and sustainability in outer space for the future generations. The work of COPIOS, its subcommittees and working groups is essential in this regard for finding solutions to ensure that space is used peacefully and in a sustainable manner. An important part of these decisions— discussions is the establishment of a new framework for space traffic, space debris and space resources, as well as the discussions on International Consultative Mechanism on Sustainable Lunar Activities. In this regard, Bulgaria welcomes the decision on the co-chairmanship of the ATPLAC by Pakistan and Romania, which paves the way for substantial discussions during this session. Chair, the critical role of the safe and sustainable use of outer space is achieving in— 2030 Agenda was also recognized by the Pact for the Future adopted last year. The holding of the Unispace 4 in 2027 is an opportunity to foster the work of COPIOS and the implementation of its mandate in this crucial moment for the global development and the implementation of the SDGs. Bulgaria supports the ideas of Fiona Sun on paper on the approach set out in the CRP presented by Italy and Morocco. Bulgaria has long been an active contributor to global space efforts. With over 50 years of experience in space research and technology, we continue to build on our achievements in areas such as satellite communications, space food production, nanosatellite development, and Earth observation systems. Our expertise extends to green and digital transition projects that utilize space technology for monitoring environmental change changes, optimizing energy resources, and enhancing agriculture and forest management. Last month, the Bulgarian satellite Balkan-1, developed by the leading Bulgarian company Endurosat, was launched into orbit as part of the EU Copernicus programme. Balkan will supply images with 1.5-metre resolution critical for agricultural monitoring, forestry, land cover change management, climate impact, as well as biodiversity biodiversity and plant monitoring. Sustainability is a key priority. Bulgaria remains committed to the effective implementation of the COPUOS Guidelines on Long-Term Sustainability and Space Debris Mitigation and has joined the European Space Agency's Eurodebris Charter, working towards a debris-neutral space by 2030. We recognize the importance of preserving the night sky for scientific observation and support efforts to address the— Thank you. Unintended impacts of large satellite constellations on astronomy. In this regard, we welcome the discussions under the new agenda item on dark and quiet skies, astronomy, and large constellations. As we advance in space exploration, we must also invest in the future generation. Engaging young minds in space research and innovation is crucial for the long-term progress. In this regard, Bulgaria has been actively fostering youth participation participation through initiatives such as the annual science festival Hello Space! Bulgaria Calling, which encourages curiosity and education in space-related fields. Looking ahead, Bulgaria remains dedicated to strengthening international cooperation in space exploration and technology. We believe that by fostering innovation, supporting emerging space economies, and ensuring responsible space governance, we can collectively harness the full potential of space for the benefit of all humankind. Thank you very much.

I thank the distinguished representative of Bulgaria for the statement. The next speaker on my list is the distinguished representative of Sweden. You have the floor.

Thank you, thank you, Chair.

Please allow me to express our gratitude to you and your team and assure you of my delegation's full support and cooperation. I would also like to thank the director of UNOSA and her team for all their hard work and support. Sweden fully aligns itself with the statement made by the European Union. I would like to add the following in a national capacity. COPUS and its subcommittee— subcommittees are unique platforms for us to to strengthen space governance and advance the safe and sustainable use of space. We welcome the adoption of the Pact for the Future, which highlights once again the importance of the Outer Space Treaty as the cornerstone of the international legal regime governing space activities. The Outer Space Treaty must be fully implemented, and we urge more states to succeed to it. Furthermore, Sweden supports the proposal to organize a UNISPACE 4 conference, and we look forward to our further consultations. We also welcome the midterm review of the Space 2030 agenda this year. Sweden supports the active participation of women in all space activities and fora. We congratulate Kenya on successfully hosting the Space for Women expert meeting last November. The landmark study on gender equality in the space sector published in the fall by UNOSA is a concrete and— concrete and important contribution to our objective to advancing gender equality, in addition to the Gender Mainstream Toolkit. We We welcome the establishment of the Action Team on Lunar Activities Consultation and look forward to our substantive discussions and collaboration on these issues. On the topic of dark and quiet skies and the challenge of light pollution for science and society, Sweden welcomes the inclusion of this issue on the agenda of this subcommittee. Chair, also this year, the STSC is convening during an extremely challenging time. Sweden is a firm believer in multilateralism and the rules-based international order. Maintaining this order is essential for international space activities. The unjustified and unprovoked war of aggression by the Russian Federation and the illegal annexation of Ukrainian territory is a flagrant violation of the UN Charter and international law. We continue to condemn these actions. We stand with Ukraine and urge the Russian Federation to cease its illegal military aggression and fully respect Ukraine's territorial integrity, sovereignty, and independence within its internationally recognized Thank you. Chair, Sweden's national space strategy underlines the importance of international cooperation and defines space as global common. We remain committed to promoting the preservation of a safe, secure, and sustainable space environment, and we remain committed to the peaceful use of outer space on an equitable and mutually acceptable basis. As a complement to our National Space Strategy from 2018, this past summer, the government adopted Sweden's first defense and security space strategy. In Sweden, the space industry continues to make great advancements. The Esrange Space Center has had more than 600 successful launches of sounding rockets. The center also accommodates one of the world's largest civilian satellite ground station, as well as European launch capability for small satellites. The Swedish government continues to invest in the space sector. Since 2020, the Esrange Space Center has developed and tested rocket engines and reusable space technology. Conducting national space activities in a safe, secure, and sustainable manner is of utmost importance to Sweden. The increasing amount of space debris is therefore of great concern. We firmly believe that states, through national regulation of space activities, play pivotal roles in mitigating the creation of debris. Chair, Sweden fully supports the continued work of the Working Group on the Long-Term Sustainability of Outer Space. We want to emphasize the important task that rests on member states to continue the implementation of the adopted guidelines. These guidelines enshrine many transparency and confidence-building measures, and with a better understanding of the development, development of the global space sector, we decrease risk of misunderstandings and miscalculations. Sweden also contributes to the EU space surveillance and tracking capabilities. We welcome the development of regional space traffic management initiatives. Distinguished Chair, delegates, to conclude, Sweden remains actively engaged in multilateral cooperation on space issues. We look forward to working together to ensure a productive session. I thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative of Sweden for the statement. The next speaker on my list is the distinguished representative

Thank you, Madam Chair.

Distinguished delegates, the United Arab Emirates welcomes the 62nd session of the Scientific and Technical Subcommittee and reaffirms its commitment to advancing space exploration and scientific research and its support to the subcommittee and its role in contributing to a sustainable outer space environment. On behalf of the UAE delegation, we would like to take this opportunity to thank you, Madam Chair, for your leadership and to assure you our full support. We also express our appreciation to UNOSA Director Arti Oulamaini and her team for their continuous support, commitment, and cooperation. Madam Chair, allow us to outline recent milestones in our space development journey. The establishment of the Supreme Space Council within its capacity in ensuring the efficient oversight of infrastructure policies and national priorities while fostering strategic partnerships to achieve long-term objectives in space. The UAE Space Agency serves as the general secretariat for the council. With regards to the deep space exploration, the Emirates mission to the asteroid belt successfully conducted the PDR in 2024, and during first quarter of 2025, the MBR Explorer will conduct the CDR. The UAE Space Agency hosted the inaugural Space Research Conference in 2014. 2024, sorry, where more than 70 research papers were presented to the scientific community. Notable highlights included the establishment of the Space Research Platform with the aim of providing easy access to the latest space research publications and resources while also offering a dedicated space for researchers to present their work. Last December, the UAE organized the 2nd edition of the Abu Dhabi Space Debate under the theme, From Earth to Orbit: A Space for Action and Sustainability. We welcomed representatives from over 45 countries. The active involvement and participation of the international space community is significant for the success of its mission. The Abu Dhabi Space debate is a platform that focuses on creating actionable outcomes to address the critical challenge in space sustainability, security, and accessibility. In January 2025, the UAE successfully launched multiple satellites in line with our continuous efforts toward enhancing Earth observation, telecommunications, and scientific research. These initiatives are a confirmation of UAE's commitment to the advancement of space exploration, fostering international cooperation, and contributing to the global scientific and technological progress. Madam Chair, the UAE submitted a proposal for the establishment of an expert group on space situational awareness, and we will share more about it under agenda item 10 on long-term sustainability of outer space activities. The UAE delegation invites all member states to engage in discussions on the proposal and welcome their support and constructive feedback to ensure a comprehensive and inclusive outcome. We invite member states who would like to discuss their comments and views on the proposal on Tuesday and Wednesday at room MOE 26, booked from 1 to 3 PM, and on Thursday in room M5, booked from 9 to 10 AM. Thank you, Madam Chair.

I thank the distinguished representative of the United Arab Emirates for the statement. The next speaker on my list is the distinguished representative of South Africa, you have the floor.

Thank you, Madam Chair. Thank you for giving me the floor. South Africa congratulates you, Madam Botezatou, on your chairmanship of this 62nd session of the STSC, and we assure you of our full support in this important role as steward of this subcommittee. We also wish to express our confidence in the Director, Ms. I would like to congratulate the Secretary-General, His Excellency R.T. Holomayani, and thank the Secretariat for the successful preparations for this meeting with the meager resources at your disposal. This is a matter which we believe should be rectified sooner than later. South Africa aligns itself with the statements of the African Group and the G77 delivered this morning. Madam Chair, I wish to express our heartfelt condolences to the Polish delegation on the sad demise of Ambassador Andrzej Mistel, the chair of the Legal Subcommittee. South Africa recognizes that the STSC is an essential forum for the exchange of views and sharing of best practices on scientific and technical issues on outer space activities. Chairperson, South Africa is advancing its space science and technology agenda with key developments, including the University of KwaZulu-Natal's Aerospace Systems Research Group on rocket propulsion to power the country's first indigenous satellite launch vehicle. Last year, South Africa unveiled a world-class suborbital sounding rocket launch facility at the Denel Overberg Test Range. Designed for high-altitude and low-Earth orbit missions, the facility will support launches of suborbital rockets by ASRI and accommodate larger solid propellant vehicles. This milestone marks a major step towards establishing a sustainable and a vibrant space ecosystem in South Africa. Madam Chair, initiating a national innovation agenda demands large capital investments with proper incubation and market access. Space infrastructure supporting the space program will provide impetus to the ecosystem of tech-based industries in South Africa. To this end, the South African government has secured funding for the full upgrade of both the existing and the new space infrastructure through the Space Infrastructure Hub, SIH. Chair, South Africa is developing a technology demonstrator mission to detect forest fires from low Earth orbit and provide early warning information. The system will use a constellation of nanosatellites in low Earth orbit with K-line camera payloads to sense, detect, and report wildfires. The program works with an unmanned aerial vehicle operator, conducts high-altitude tests and is developing payload, satellite, and ground infrastructure. Chairperson, South Africa emphasizes the need to ensure the long-term sustainability of outer space activities, including the safety of space operations. It is in this respect that South Africa shares the view that the LTS guidelines should not create barriers for developing nations. Conducting their own outer space activities, but rather mitigate any unintended risks through adequate capacity building. South Africa also encourages actors responsible for creating space debris to play an active role in removal activities. They should also avail their scientific and legal expertise to countries with lower levels goals of space development. Chair, as part of our G20 presidency, South Africa will host the 6th Space Economy Leaders Meeting themed Space as a Catalyst for Inclusive Global Economic Development: Policy, Partnership, and Prosperity later this year. To conclude, Madam Chair, South Africa acknowledges the growing role of space applications in sustainable development and supports the UNISPACE-4 conference as a platform for addressing challenges and opportunities for developing nations. South Africa also looks forward to the midterm review of the Space 2030 agenda. Chairperson, with these remarks, please be assured of South Africa's full support in ensuring a productive outcome of our meeting. I thank you, Madam Chair.

I thank the distinguished representative of South Africa for the statement. The next speaker on my list is the distinguished representative of Belarus. You have the floor.

Thank you, Chair. Distinguished delegates, on behalf of the Delegation of the Republic of Belarus, we'd like to welcome the distinguished delegates to the 67th session of the STIC of COPUAS. Chair, we thank you for your skilled leadership and we point out the outstanding organization of the session by USA and express our readiness to provide assistance in the work of the committee.

Activities Thank you.

Activities in the exploration and use of outer space for peaceful purposes in Belarus are carried out as part of a state program adopted by the government. The national academies in Belarus, in line with the legislation, carry out state regulation of outer space activities and are the state procurer and coordinator of the state space program. There's yet another space program being carried out for the exploration and use of outer space for peaceful purposes to conclude this year. Under the Belarusian space program, there are 3 main tasks being carried out: the development of the Belarusian ERS system, the development of technical equipment for agriculture inter-area, As well as training staff on space science and technologies, as well as regulations for outer space activities. The first task means the development of the Belarusian system for Earth remote sensing. This is to be done jointly with the Russian Federation in creating a Russian-Belarusian device for ERS. We are creating the optical components for the observation of Earth and updating our ground-based segment so as to work on the Russian-Belarusian system. We are also improving the multi-level Belarusian ERS system, and this includes the space and Earth-based segments. On the second task now, this would be the technical apparatus for information and use of space-based information so as to address man-made and natural disasters, ensuring environmental safety, including studying water samples, air samples, as well as the impact of climate change on various natural resources in Belarus. Now, on the third task, there is a scientific research laboratory for the research of technologies to be used on nanosatellites and for training staff for the space sector. At present time, work is underway for the new national program on the exploration and use of outer space for peaceful purposes for 2020-30. The new program plans for future development of already existing sectors of scientific research, as well as given the Belarusian spaceflight program where a Belarusian flew on an IMS flight, as well as various experiments carried out on board. On this basis, there is— there are new tasks set forth for scientific research in biology, physiology, and space medicine. The Republic of Belarus is committed to a peaceful outer space and to cooperation for the exploration and use of outer space so as to attain the SDGs as set forth by the UN. Madam Chair, thank you very much for giving this delegation the floor. We are very sure that the 62nd session of the STST of UN COPUOS, with your able leadership, will continue to be productive and results-based. Colleagues, thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative of Belarus for the statement. The next speaker on my list is the distinguished representative of the Republic of Korea. You have the floor.

I thank Chair and Director of UNOSA for organizing this session of the STSC. My delegation would also like to extend its condolences to the Polish delegation on the passing of Ambassador Andrzej Misal. Let me continue my statement with expressing the Republic of Korea's grave concern over North Korea's declaration in December 2017 2023 to launch additional military reconnaissance satellites. We strongly condemn North Korea's launch of military reconnaissance satellite, which constitutes a flagrant violation of multiple UN Security Council resolutions that prohibit any launch using ballistic missile technology by North Korea. Chair, we find ourselves We live in an era where space exploration technologies have transitioned from mere aspirations to tangible realities that impact every aspect of our lives. Space technologies are essential tools for addressing global challenges such as climate change, disaster management, and connectivity in underserved regions. For this reason, our collective efforts preserve outer space for peaceful purposes should continue. The Republic of Korea, as a responsible spacefaring nation, remains steadfast in its commitment to the peaceful uses of outer space. In 2024, the Republic of Korea marked significant milestones in advancing space program and capability. Following the establishment of the Korea Aerospace Administration, KASA, in May, we successfully hosted our inaugural National Space Committee meeting and launched comprehensive initiatives to enhance satellite programs, lunar and Mars exploration, and space transportation technologies. In October, we adopted the 3rd Satellite Information Utilization Plan, as a solid foundation for leveraging satellite data in domestic and international disaster and emergency response efforts. In addition, the Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute achieved a key milestone with the successful launch of the CODEX mission, developed in collaboration with NASA as a solar observatory designed to research sun's corona We believe that CODEX would play a critical role in advancing our understanding of solar activity and its impact on Earth's space weather environment. Furthermore, in July, we hosted COSPA 2024. We are happy to note that this event brought more than 3,000 space scientists and policymakers from around the world to address the pressing issues in space science and policy. The Republic of Korea will continue to strive for the peaceful uses of outer space this year, aligning our efforts with the 2030 Development Agenda. We are honored to host the ICC Annual Meeting later this year. This esteemed gathering will serve as a vital platform to discuss critical applications of satellite navigation for sustainable development, share advancements in the Korean positioning system, and collaborate on ensuring that GNSS technologies are accessible and beneficial to all humanity. Hosting the ICZ meeting reflects our commitment to advancing space science and making the benefits of space technology accessible worldwide. Later this month, we will launch the SPHERE-X Observatory in collaboration with NASA. This SPHERE-X mission will conduct the first all-sky spectral survey, collecting data on more than 450 million galaxies to explore the origins of the universe. This pioneering mission exemplifies our dedication to advancing space science and contributing to humanity's understanding of space. Madam Chair, as the number of actors engaging in space activities continues to grow and the space industry evolves, the importance of COPOS as a global platform for ensuring space safety and sustainability has never been greater. With our increasing involvement in space development and our unwavering commitment to fostering the peaceful uses of outer space, the Republic of Korea stands ready to actively engage in this meeting. We aim to contribute meaningfully to the discussions that will shape the future of outer space. Thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative of the Republic of Korea for this

Thank you very much, Madam Chair.

It's an honor to take the floor on behalf of Chile and to use this opportunity in order to convey to you our gratitude for your leadership and to thank UNOSA for organizing this session. We echo the statement of the G77 and China and would like to add the following nationally. Chile restates its commitment to international space cooperation. To that end, we have updated our national space policy geared towards strengthening the governance and development of our national capacity. Moreover, we recently signed the Artemis agreements, reaffirming our willingness to contribute to the peaceful exploration of outer space and to global cooperation in this area. Regarding Unispace 6 in 2027, Chile resolutely supports this event. We believe that this conference is the most appropriate mechanism to reaffirm the role played by UNOSA and to consolidate international cooperation in the space sphere. The success of this event will depend on our ability to Design tangible actions that will facilitate the implementation of the Pact for the Future, guaranteeing equitable access to space technologies and resources, improving space traffic management, and the mitigation of space debris. Unispace 6 must be a platform to promote cooperation not only among states but equally with the private sector. Industry's participation will be key key in order to strengthen innovation and to broaden the positive impact of space technologies for the benefit of humanity. Moreover, we should use the political momentum generated by the Pact for the Future in order to underscore the transformative role that space can play in achieving sustainable development, safety, security, and scientific progress. As such, we hope that Unispace 6 will lead to a working agenda that focuses on achieving tangible results and which incorporates the interests of developing countries. Madam Chair, as is well known here in this room, for my country, the protection of dark and quiet skies is a matter of the utmost importance. At this session, we will be presenting a conference room paper, a CRP, which was developed within the Group of friends of dark and quiet skies. This document is the outcome of the joint efforts of scientific experts, academia, and industry, and comprises mitigation proposals that we would like to encourage delegations to consider. Chile hosts more than 40% of the world's large-scale telescopes, and as we have stated on earlier occasions too, this leading scientific role is jeopardized as a result of the increased number of satellite megaconstellations and light pollution. That is why we have underscored the need to develop mitigation strategies that will enable the coexistence between technological development and the protection of the night skies. The working paper that we will present is the example of cooperative efforts and is intended to contribute to the sustainability of space activities. Thank you, Madam Chair.

Thank you, the distinguished representative of Chile, for the statement. The next speaker on my list is the distinguished representative of Ukraine. You have the floor.

Thank you, Madam Chair. Distinguished delegates, at the outset, the delegation of Ukraine would like to express its sincere appreciation to Ms. Bottizzato and her dedicated team for their exceptional leadership in guiding the Scientific and Technical Subcommittee over the past year. We wish you, Madam Chair, further success in leading this subcommittee through the complex challenges of space exploration while promoting peaceful international cooperation. Please be assured of your Ukraine's full support and commitment to constructive engagement. We also warmly welcome Director of UNOSA, Ms. Hola Maini, and wish her and her team every success in their future endeavors. Ukraine is also happy to welcome Latvia and Djibouti as new COPUS members. Distinguished delegates, Ukraine aligns itself with the statement delivered earlier by the European Union under this agenda item. In my national capacity, I would like to add the following remarks. Ukraine remains steadfast in its commitment to multilateral cooperation within COPUS and its subcommittees, which serve as essential platforms for advancing the peaceful use uses of outer space. However, as, as consequence of Russia's full-scale war of aggression against Ukraine, which is being waged in violation of international law including the UN Charter, Ukraine's space sector has suffered severe disruptions. Effective scientific research, technological advancement, and peace education. Our nation has been deprived of the full ability to leverage its long-standing expertise and potential in the space industry. The war not only obstructs Ukraine's access to space science and technology, but also significantly hinders the development of national research programs essential for innovation and progress. Despite these challenges, Ukraine's space industry continues to develop and expand. We are strengthening partnership with the European Space Agency, the European Union and its members, the United States, and other key international space actors. A strategic priority for Ukraine's integration into the European space sector is its participation in the EU space program. Currently, Ukraine actively cooperates with the EU under the Copernicus and EGNOS components. In particular, negotiations are underway on the agreement to extend EGNOS to Ukraine. Ukrainian space enterprises remain engaged engaged in the Vega program, contributing to a successful Vega launch from the Kourou Spaceport in 2024. Ukraine also continues its collaboration with Canada on the development of a space launch complex in Nova Scotia. We are actively involved in multilateral initiatives, including participation in working groups under the Artemis Accords. We welcome the growing number of signatories to the Accords and look forward to further deepening cooperation within this framework. Madam Chair, Ukraine reiterates its firm stance regarding the Russian draft resolution entitled Space Science and Technology for Promoting Peace, which we along with many other COPUOS member states, find inappropriate. We also maintain our strong opposition to granting UN affiliation to the so-called Regional Center for Space Science and Technology Education hosted in Russia. Accordingly, the Ukrainian delegation requests that these concerns be reflected in the report of the subcommittee. Distinguished delegates, Ukraine is committed to restoring and strengthening its position in the global space sector. With the unwavering support of our partners, we will accelerate progress towards this goal. Despite nearly 3 years of Russia's war of aggression against my country, international solidarity remains crucial. Russia must not be allowed to violate the sovereignty and independence of other states with impunity. Ukraine is fully committed to ensuring that 2025 marks a year of just and lasting peace. The only viable path to achieving a comprehensive, just, and enduring peace is through the peace formula, which is based on the priorities of the Charter and the imperative to fully restore Ukraine's territorial integrity within its internationally recognized borders. I thank you, Madam Chair.

I thank the distinguished representative of Ukraine for the statement. We will continue our consideration of agenda item 3, general exchanges of view, tomorrow morning. Distinguished delegates, I would now turn to proceed with technical presentations. At this meeting, we will have 5 technical presentations. Presenters are kindly reminded that technical presentations should be limited to 10 minutes in length. The first presentation on my list is on space technologies in support of the European Union regulation on deforestation-free products AODR, by the representative of Austria. Austria, you have the floor.

Madam Chair, thank you so much for this opportunity to speak here today. My name is Manuela Hirschmogger. I'm from the University of Graz and the IONEUM Research Institute. Thank you for still sticking around to listen to my technical presentation even after a full day of presentations. My focus will be on the use of space technologies for the support of the EU regulation on deforestation-free products, EU DR in short. I would like to mention that the funding for this project, for this research project, has come from the Austrian Research Promotion Agency, FFG, through the Austrian Space Application Programme. I further wish to acknowledge my co-authors and colleagues listed above. First of all, I'd like to give you a little bit of background on the EUDR. As we all know, Over the last 30 years, we have lost a lot of forest globally, over 420 million hectares, for example, estimated by the Forest Resource Assessment, for example. And of course, these affect crucial forest functions like carbon sequestration, provision of raw material, and also biodiversity. Roughly, it is estimated that about 90% of this global deforestation can be attributed to agricultural expansion, especially for goods like palm oil, soy, cocoa, and coffee. The EU also consumes these products. We all consume these products, and thus it is estimated that about 10% of the global estimation— global deforestation is through the consumption at the EU level. Therefore, the EU has recognized this issue and put forward the EU Deforestation-Free Regulation, which was approved in December '22 and ratified in the spring next year. So what is covered by this EU DR? The main commodities that are covered are cocoa, coffee, soy, palm oil, wood, rubber, cattle, but also the derivatives like chocolate or cosmetics. The regulation covers all products or ingredients that are produced that have caused deforestation after the end of 2020. This means that any retailers or producers wishing to enter the European market has to obtain and analyze geographic information on the origin of their products. They further have to evaluate and manage non-compliance risks. Enforcement is overseen through the member states, is foreseen to be overseen by the member states, and should also be enforced through inspections. And the member states are also responsible for potential sanctions. Now I'm coming to the general technical project. Our project D3 analyzes space technologies in 3 aspects. The first one is we support the tracking component, which is done by the industry, which has to be done by the industry to show where the product is coming from. I will not focus on that part so much in this talk due to the limited time. The second part we are more focusing on is the remote sensing component. So once we know where this product is produced, we can use remote sensing satellite information to see what is going on there over time. The third part that we include in this project is crowdsourcing, where we also use space technology in terms of global positioning. Now, for the Earth observation part, we mainly use the Copernicus satellite Sentinel-1, which is a SAR satellite, and Sentinel-2, which is an optical sensor. Both sensor constellations deliver every— an image every 5 days everywhere on Earth. So this is something that we can build on to see what is going on everywhere on the Earth, like every 5 days. As you can see here, this is an example of such a time series going on, and I'd like the technical person to start the video. Can we start the video, please? And you can see the dark patches here that are non-forest areas, whereas the greyish areas are the forest areas. Can you please start the video? Thank you so much. Now you can see as time goes by how the deforestation, like, is eating up the forest.

If you want to say so.

So, we can see here how the forest disappears over time, and this is an animation of real-time satellite data, and you can see now in this pinkish colour the scar that has been left by deforestation, and what we can also see is that this is radar data, so we can see through clouds. This is something that is really nice, but we can also see— it's also difficult to see What exactly is going on then on the ground, and that's why we combine it also— oops, what happened now? Can you please start the slide again? So, what we have seen here on this slide, and hopefully we see it soon again.

Okay.

Yeah.

Perfect. Thank you. Sorry about that. That we can see also some That we can see, this is an oil palm plantation that has been put up here, and this is some forest that we have lost through the production for palm oil. How does it work technically? So if we have this time series data, satellite data, we can build a time series. So we can build an observation of reflectance over time, and this is in terms of Technical issues. We can see this green line here, so we learn over the years what is going on, how does the forest behave, and then we add an additional component which is now here shown with the red line. So for example, if there is a late spring, if the rainy season is late, so we can also account for these interannual changes, and based on that we can see if the observation comes out of the normal, out of the— confidence level, and then if we see these orange dots that are shown here, these are the areas where we have seen a different signal that we would not expect, and then we can deduct the area of change here. What is also important is to go also on the ground, so we can see a lot from above, of course, but we also have to go on the ground to involve with the stakeholders. It's very important when you do remote sensing to also know what is on the ground because you can only see a part from above. And this is why we include in this project also tools like crowdsourcing apps and potentially revenues for the crowd on the ground to help us to— So we have been working with smallholders and also universities in Côte d'Ivoire and also in Uganda to support us with crowdsourced data. So, what we get here is from the satellite, we get these polygons, these areas where something has changed over the time, and then we can include— we can, like, have people on the ground who use their mobile phone to add additional information, and then they can upload photos, and then you get more information on what is going on on the ground. Has there a deforestation happened, or is it maybe just some selective logging that is going on and there is still some tree cover? And this is something that we can use for validation, so to know how well our remote sensing results are, but also in order to get further information for for training for more difficult land cover classes, for example agroforestry classes, classes where the tree cover is still intact, something is going on beneath the canopy, that is also very important to get this information. So in conclusion, I would like to say that we have in this research project already shown that remote sensing and global positioning tools are highly valuable in support of the EU DR regulation. Of course, there is more research still needed, especially for more difficult classes, for forest degradation, to detect agroforestry classes, as I have shown before. And also, this is very— this is why we want to include this crowdsourcing data together with the space component. So, of course, when we talk about agroforestry, it's always also a combination. So, of course, we need to protect our forests, but we also need to have local livelihoods that work. So, this is a pledge to put that together. And then we also want to include the communities on the ground to be integrated and educated and supported for these technological advancements that we have at hand. So, I hope that I have given you a short, a very short introduction to what is possible with this space data and the combination of space data. And I thank you very much for your attention, and I will stick around if there are any questions. Thank you.

I thank the representative of Austria for the presentation. The second presentation on my list is on report on the 10th anniversary of RCEP. SSTAP by the representative of China. You have the floor.

Okay, distinguished Madam Chair and delegates, I'm Professor Jintian from Beihang University in China. I'm diligent to report to you on the 10th anniversary of the United Nations Regional Center for Space Science and Technology Education in Asia and Pacific China.

Thank you.

Okay, so my report is mainly divided into 3 parts. The first part introduces the historical evolution of the China Regional Center, and the second part introduces the 10th anniversary ceremony events, and the third part I want to share some future collaboration ideas. So the first is United Nations-affiliated Regional Center for Space Science and Technology Education in Asia and the Pacific is located in China, was established on November 17th, 2014, hosted on Beihang University in China. Currently, it has 10 country memberships. It mainly provides space education and technology degree education and training, active activities for the countries mainly for Asian and Pacific regions. Since its establishment, the center has held 6 government boarding meetings and 3 advisory committee meetings, providing specific guidance and suggestions for the planning and development of the regional center. Now the center provides degree programs in 7 major directions, including remote sensing and geographic information system, satellite communication, global navigation satellite systems, micro satellite technologies, space law, and Policy, Space Science and Environment, Space Project Management. So the program is divided into 2 aspects. One is for master's degree and for doctorate degree. The center attaches great importance to the quality of the degree education, so it strengthens the strict evaluation and selection criteria. Criteria and strictly the degree training procedure. So to date, a total of 395 participants have been trained, of which 237 have successfully graduated. So most of the students graduated continue to engage in the scientific research of many in the aerospace field in their representative countries. So we're providing talent support for developing of aerospace in various countries. So the participants come from 33 different countries, which a high number of them is from Pakistan, Thailand, Iran, and Mongolia, and the majority of them was developing countries. The center is committed to providing an important opportunity for students from developing countries to learn aerospace technologies. So in addition, the center also focuses on a series of training activities. The above activities are not only carried out within China, but also we have use a hybrid online and in-person mode. Also, we have training activities carried out aboard as an important supplement to academic education. We have organized more than 30 different short-term training programs with over 2,000 participants from more than 7 70 countries. So it's achieving outstanding results in space education and capacity buildings. So the second part, I want to introduce the 10th anniversary ceremony events. So the events was held at Hangzhou International Campus of Beihang University during November 27th to 29th, 2014. So this is This is a group photo of participants. So in the events, more than 300 people attend, including Mr. Driss, Deputy Director of UNWUSA, also the government board members, the directors of other regional centers, and representatives of Chinese government and partners from international companies and the Parties, executors. So during the events, we have held a series of activities, including the meeting of directors of regional centers, the forum on the international education collaborations on lunar research stations, an International Space Technology Application Summit, and roundtable dialogue on international space education development and campus tour and center visit. So at the meeting of directors of regional centers, the directors of each regional centers has held in-depth exchange and discussions on how to carry out space science and technology education. And at the forum on international education collaborations on Lunar Research Station, the experts discussed their thoughts on the construction and education training of the future lunar research stations. At the International Space Technology Application Summit, a series of research progress in space technology was introduced. And at the roundtable dialogue in the International Space Education education development, various challenges facing on the cultivation of future space science and technology education talent was mainly discussed. So at the end of the events, the representatives also visited the campus and the regional center. So also I have the video, but due to time limit, I am not playing it. And the last part I wanted talk about some thoughts about the future collaborations. So I hope that all the regional centers afflicted to United Nations can be united to strengthen the results, to co-construct and sharing and working together with the universities and enterprise partners to do the space education and talent cultivation. So specifically, it mainly includes the following tasks. The first is to further enhance and exchange and collaboration among the UN regional centers and better coordinate them to fulfill their missions and better serve the member states and strengthen their contribution to implement the UNWUSA program and projects. And second is to sharing their experience in space science and technology education and pursue constructive dialogues to enhancing the capacity buildings and collaboration. And also, the meetings of the directors of the UN Regional Centers should provide strong support for space education and force it to support and assist each regional— regional center in carrying out regional or cross-regional space science and technology education activities. And the 5th, I think, is coordinate among the UN regional centers regarding to specialty settings and training program and the project arrangement and talent development. And 6th is to support the all-round collaborations among the members covering the aspects such as facility resourcing and joint training co-construction of courses, teachers and student exchanges. And the 7th is to support the joint publications of teaching material, the co-organization of academic conference, establishment of students competitions, and joint global space applications internship mechanism by the UN regional centers. And 8th is establish a UN Space Innovation Infrastructure for global online education and the training cooperation among the universities and enterprises. At the last, I want to have some announcement on the admissions of the centers at 2025. In this year, we also announced the admissions. for master's and doctorate programs on space technology applications in following 5 research fields. And the application deadline is about March 15th, 2025. And in the admissions, the training plans consist of 2 phases, including the core study and thesis research. And applications should be recommended by official organizations, and scholarship will be offered according to the application documents and interview results. And we will provide full support quotas for candidates recommended by COPPOS. So thanks for the attention.

I thank the distinguished representative. Thank you very much, Representative of China, for the presentation. The 3rd presentation on my list is on near-Earth space observation activities at Ukraine in 2024 by the Representative of Ukraine. You have the floor.

Thank you.

Madam Chair, distinguished delegates, I would like to present for your attention a report on the state of near-Earth space observation at Ukraine in 2024. In the previous year, our efforts were concentrated on the following issues. Observations of spacecraft and space debris for Ukrainian Space Monitoring and Analysis System, SMAS. International cooperation and news observations. These tasks are solved by various facilities at the disposal of SMAS. These are radars, a network of optical sensors distributed throughout the country, and the core of SMAS, The Space Observation Center. Unfortunately, because of the invasion of Russian Federation into Ukraine, most projects of improving Ukraine's capabilities for observing near-Earth space were either canceled or suspended. As an example, works on upgrading radar sensors were completely suspended. Nowadays, the main role in observations of near-Earth space is played by the optical sensors of the State Space Agency of Ukraine, modernized or created throughout 2016-2021. The Space Observation Center of SMAS continues its operation. The main results of its activities you are able to witness on the slide. Despite Russian aggression and all difficulties that arose because of that, Ukraine still continues to cooperate with various space agencies, governments, and international organizations in the field of observing space debris and other objects in near-Earth space. One of the most important activities was the observation campaign for the targeted reentry of the ESA's Salsa spacecraft. Optical sensors of the State Space Agency of Ukraine observed this spacecraft throughout the campaign, and the last observations were obtained approximately half an hour before its reentry. Observations of near-Earth objects continues as well. Through the use of telescopes, including the new one, it was possible to maintain the number of observations at an acceptable level. At the end of 2024, the Space Research Laboratory of Uzhgorod National University installed a new telescope with 2 Newton tubes. It is planned to be used primarily for dual-band photometric observations of space objects in LEO. Despite the hostilities, Ukraine was able to maintain its capabilities for observing near-Earth space, including working within the framework of international agreements. Thank you for your attention.

I thank the distinguished representative of Ukraine for the presentation. The 4th presentation on my list is on Russian and Chinese project of the complex of the Russian Outer Space Theater by the representative of the Russian Federation. You have the floor.

Dear colleagues, good day. The theme of my speech is Russian-Chinese project, Russian Outer Space Theater, as a new form of popularization of the outer space and cosmonautics. Let me introduce our Russian Outer Space Theater project, which represents the complex equipped with high-tech infrastructure and thematic sites. The Russian-Chinese project named Russian Outer Space Theater Complex is now being implanted in China. in Wenchang International Space City Hainan Free Trade Port. This is the unique Russian humanitarian, creative, and entertaining project in the world for the purposes of promotion space science for, for all mankind. Our project contributes to involving people of all ages of the planet Earth into the outer space industry and expand international window to the space. The mission of our project is to popularize outer space industry and cosmonautics, to involve children and young people in the creative creativity and invention of the unified space area in the city of Wenchang with the help of culture and art. This is also the formation of a creative environment and the cultivation of the man-creator of the future with the purpose of fulfilled exploration of the outer space for the benefit for all mankind. The main of our project is to become the unique and one-of-a-kind area for socially important and culturally oriented forums, conference, championship, and other events for engaging countries to participate in space activities. and international cooperation in the space science development and its use for peaceful purposes. The common task of our project fit with 4 main themes of the United Nations Agenda Space 2030: space economy, space society, space accessibility, space diplomacy. Our project solves the issue of the space economy by increasing social and economic benefits of outer space activity, by engaging youth and children in scientific research, staff training for the space industry through the youth creativity and invention center. Centers of the space supplementary education, including youth design and training bureaus and space classes, which are a source of inspiration, innovation, and application solution in favor of all mankind. The project deals with the challenges of the space economy and space diplomacy by holding international forums and conferences that are aimed to popularize through the use of incidental benefits to space technologies outside the outer space industry. It also solves the task of the outer space society, promoting the outer space through the colorful and bright fire shows, stage performances in the air, in and on the ring in order to inspire and unite the youth, to engage people into the space industry through historical and interactive complexes with thematic parks, planetarium, observatories, and other sites, helping therefore with the space industry opportunities and increasing living standards. It solves the task of the space accessibility through the development of the space industrial and educational tourism in China and, and Russia, like visiting space launch sites, space infrastructure, and other international thematic events in order to expand everyone's access to the outer space. It's solve the task of the space diplomacy. The project helps creating the unique international area in the Hainan Free Trade Port, unifying and contributing to cooperation and dialogue in the field of space industry between space foreign nation and other countries. Private companies, educational and cultural centers aiming at establishing partnership and expanding international cooperation in the space industry. It also raises awareness about the outer space in the masses. Next slide, please.

Again, up.

Okay, thank you. The heart— you can see the heart of outer— of the Outer Space Theater is this, the live show with high-tech equipment such as wind tunnel. This show is a new branch of the art, combines the Russian ballet choreography, artistic gymnastics, and sports. There are the entire theater production with flies in wine tunnel, fire and ice show, which will bring exciting and bright emotion to everyone. These are— these theatrical events will also contribute to involving children and youth into the area of space science and to forming moral and spiritual value of the man creator. Last December, the first championship in, in of the Russian Federation in the new sport discipline, paraglide in wind tunnel, took place in Moscow, Russia. Next slide, please.

Put again.

Okay, thank you. The high-tech equipment of the complex for theatrical air production includes 3 wind tunnels, a freefall simulation. The diameter of the central wind tunnel is 11 meters, and it is the biggest in the world. Next slide, please.

Uh-huh.

We've included in our complex of the Outer Space Theater 4 fundamental clusters aimed at the outer space popularization and cosmonautics development in the world. This is Outer Space Theater Cultural and Educational Cluster, Outer Space Thematic Cluster, and Hospitality and Customer services zone. Uh, next slide, please. On this screen, you can see the main signs of our project. I am going to name just the most important ones: Outer Space Theater, Outer Space History, Science and Technology Museum, Astronomy Observatory and Planetarium, Use Gravity and Invention Center, International University including outer space classes and youth design engineering bureaus, outer space thematic park with interactive activities and augmented reality zone, hospitality and customer service zone including viewpoint area where one can see missile launches from the Wenchang Spaceport, Roscosmos space food and souvenir store. Space industrial and educational tourism services. Spaceport, that is an area for named and unnamed space vehicles. CosmoHealth Zone. Uh, please, next slide. Uh-huh. Put once.

Uh-huh.

Thank you. Uh, the Space Age on the planet Earth began in the 20th century when in 1957 the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite named Sputnik. Then in 1961, a Russian pilot Yuri Gagarin performed the first manned in spaceflight. After having filmed around the Earth, Yuri Gagarin told us to maintain and multiply the beauty of our planet, and that is exactly the aim of the United Nations, the Space 2030 Agenda. Next slide, please. Aha, put again.

Uh-huh.

Thank you for your attention. Looking forward to working together in the future. Thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative of the Russian Federation for the presentation. The 5th presentation on my list is on Brazil's investment policy in the space sector by the representative of Brazil. You have the floor.

Thank you, Madam Chair. Distinguished delegates, it is a pleasure to be here today to present an overview of public funding for the Brazilian space sector in 2024 and 2025. My name is Osório Coelho. I am the Director of Innovation Programs at the Secretariat of Technological Development and Innovation in Brazil. So today I will provide an overview of the institutional and financial structure that supports space research and development in Brazil. Then I will present some of our ongoing projects, including Brazil's participation in Artemis Accords, the Space Farming Initiative, and the CBERS-6 remote sensing satellite project. And finally, I will discuss the role of Alada, the aerospace projects company of Brazil, and how it strengthens the country's position in the International Space Center. This is the structure in Brazil of the science and technology— the science and technology structure in Brazil. This system consists of public and private institutions including universities, research centers, and technology-based companies. The National Fund for Science, Technology, and Innovation in Brazil is a key financial mechanism supporting the system, and it is the national— the name of this fund is the National Fund for Scientific and Technological Development, the FNDCT. This fund provides financial resources to research research institutions, universities, and companies working on scientific and technological development projects in many fields, such as aerospace, biotechnology, informatics, oil and natural gas, agribusiness, and energy, infrastructure, health, and Amazon Research, and also space technology and transport innovation. The execution— the budget execution in 2024 Brazil has collected almost 2.4 million reais in funding for STI projects. The government is working to maximize the utilization of available resources to ensure that investments effectively contribute to technological advancements. This amount seems small; however, it is important to mention that the National Fund has 5 million in 2025 for the space sectors, and also to transversal funds to irrigate the sectors, including the space sector. These funds for infrastructure and to support joint projects between universities, research centers, and the private sectors have together the amount of $400 million approximately in 2025. Now, let's take a closer look at some of the ongoing projects currently benefiting from public investment in Brazil's space sector. So the ongoing space sector— sorry, here. The ongoing projects in Brazil that Brazil is actively investing in space-related research and development, collaborating with international partners and advancing its own national initiatives. So today I will highlight 3 key projects. Uh, the first one, uh, is the Artemis Accord. Uh, Brazil is one of the 49 countries participating in NASA's Artemis Accord, which promotes civil and peaceful space exploration. So what makes Brazil's participation unique is its focus on space agriculture. Brazil is investing in technologies that will allow astronauts to grow food in space, ensuring long-term sustainability for future missions to the Moon, Mars, and beyond. This is the Space Farming Brazil Network. So a workshop in 2024 was held in Campinas, São Paulo, with participants from 12 research research institutes, including the University of Florida. As a result, 2 nutritionally rich crops, chickpeas and sweet potatoes, were selected for further research in aeroponic and hydroponic systems in space environments. A follow-up workshop is scheduled for March or April 2025, where researchers will present preliminary results of plant growth experiments under controlled in microgravity conditions. Another project is the CBERS-6 remote sensing satellite. This is developed in partnership with China. This satellite will be equipped with synthetic aperture radar technology operating in the X-band, a first for Brazil. So the CBERS-6 will be used for agriculture and environmental monitoring and also deforestation detection in the Amazon. Also fire surveillance and disaster management and geological and hydrological studies. Brazil is responsible for building the service module while China is developing the SAR payload. The project is funded through FINEP, the Ministry of Science and Technology funding agency, with an investment of over R$300 million. The preliminary design review was completed in June 2024 at the China Academy of Space Technology in Beijing. The satellite is scheduled for launch in 2028, which will significantly enhance Brazil's space observations capabilities. Another project is one of our most significant ones, recent development Developing Brazil's Space Policy, the creation of Alada. Law number 15.083, enacted on January 2nd, 2025, amended Law number 13.903, 2019, allowing for the creation of a subsidiary of NavBrasil Services of Aeronavigation, which is a state-owned company under the Ministry of Defense. So this law permits the commercial use of space infrastructure and aims to expand Brazil's research, development, and commercialization of aerospace technologies. Alada has 3 key strategic functions. Number one is developing and commercializing air and space navigation technologies. Number 2, conduct research and certification of aerospace equipment. And number 3, to protect and to manage intellectual property for space innovation. So Brazil is positioning itself as a key player in space exploration, also in aerospace technology. Thank you for your attention.

I thank the distinguished representative of Brazil for the presentation. Distinguished delegates, I will shortly adjourn this meeting. Before doing so, I would like to inform delegates of our schedule of work for tomorrow morning. We will meet promptly at 10 AM. We will continue our consideration of Agenda Item 3, General Exchange of Views. We will begin our consideration of Agenda Item 4, Space for Sustainable Development, Technology and Its Applications, including the United Nations Programme on Space Applications. Time permitting, we will begin our consideration of Agenda Item 5, Space Debris. We will have 5 technical presentations tomorrow morning. Delegates are reminded that the full schedule of technical presentations is available on the session's webpage. I would like to inform delegates that the informal consultations of the Action Team on Lunar Activities consultation will be held this as well as next week. Informal consultations are scheduled to be held in Conference Room M3 tomorrow and on the 5th and I'd also like to inform delegates that the informal consultations on Unispace IV will be held this week and the next. The informal consultations are scheduled to be held in Conference Room M3 tomorrow from 1:15 PM to 2:45 PM and on the 6th and 11th of February from 9 AM to 10 AM.

Thank you.

Furthermore, I would like to inform delegates that the informal consultations on the Conference Room Paper 20 submitted by UAE will be held this week. The informal consultations are scheduled to be held in Conference Room MOE 26 tomorrow and on the 5th of February from 1 PM to 3 PM, and for 6th of February it is scheduled to be held in Conference Room M4 5, from 9 AM to 10 AM. The schedule of consultations is available on the webpage of the session. Are there any questions or comments on this proposed schedule? I see none. Distinguished delegates, this meeting is adjourned until 10 AM tomorrow morning.

Thank you.