{"disclaimer":"Transcripts available through this tool are created by using automatic speech recognition and are not official records nor official documents of the United Nations. Official records and official documents are available on the Official Document System of the United Nations.","url":"https://transcripts.un.org/en/asset/k1l/k1l36mst06","llms":{"note":"Plain-text sibling of this page, compact for LLM context. For the full API guide (search, listing, URL grammar) see /llms.txt.","textUrl":"/en/asset/k1l/k1l36mst06.txt","guide":"/llms.txt"},"video":{"id":"k1l/k1l36mst06","kaltura_id":"1_l36mst06","title":"UNIDIR - Press Conference: Launch of the 2026 Arms Trade Treaty Monitor report","clean_title":"UNIDIR - Press Conference: Launch of the 2026 Arms Trade Treaty Monitor report","url":"https://webtv.un.org/en/asset/k1l/k1l36mst06","date":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z","scheduled_time":"2026-08-25T12:30:00.000Z","status":"finished","duration":"00:53:58","category":"Press Conferences","body":null,"event_code":null,"event_type":null,"session_number":null,"pv_symbol":null,"pv_part":null,"slug":"asset/k1l/k1l36mst06"},"metadata":{"summary":"Launch of the 2026 Arms Trade Treaty Monitor report","description":"Speakers:\nAndrea Edoardo Varisco, Project Lead, Arms Trade Treaty Monitor\nLiubov Hutsul, Advocacy and Communications Senior Officer, Humanity & Inclusion (Kyiv)\nLaura Boillot, Director, Article 36\nAlexandra Marksteiner, Research Associate, Arms Trade Treaty Monitor","categories":["Media","Press Conferences"],"geographic_subject":[],"subject_topical":["ARMS TRADE TREATY"],"corporate_name":["UNITED NATIONS INSTITUTE FOR DISARMAMENT RESEARCH - UNIDIR"],"speaker_affiliation":[],"related_documents":[]},"transcript":{"transcript_id":"azure-llm-speech-a90ec96d-464d-4c7a-893f-a9649a5ca1c7","language":"en","data":[{"statement_number":1,"start":2.51,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1l/k1l36mst06?t=3","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you for your patience and good afternoon and welcome to the press launch of the Arms Trade Treaty Monitor 2026 Annual Report.","start":2.51,"end":13.31,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":2.51,"end":2.83},{"text":"you","start":2.83,"end":3.07},{"text":"for","start":3.07,"end":3.27},{"text":"your","start":3.27,"end":3.39},{"text":"patience","start":3.39,"end":4.11},{"text":"and","start":5.03,"end":5.23},{"text":"good","start":5.23,"end":5.39},{"text":"afternoon","start":5.39,"end":6.11},{"text":"and","start":6.51,"end":6.75},{"text":"welcome","start":6.75,"end":7.15},{"text":"to","start":7.15,"end":7.27},{"text":"the","start":7.27,"end":7.39},{"text":"press","start":7.39,"end":7.71},{"text":"launch","start":7.71,"end":8.27},{"text":"of","start":8.87,"end":8.99},{"text":"the","start":8.99,"end":9.11},{"text":"Arms","start":9.11,"end":9.39},{"text":"Trade","start":9.39,"end":9.67},{"text":"Treaty","start":9.67,"end":10.03},{"text":"Monitor","start":10.03,"end":10.59},{"text":"2026","start":11.31,"end":12.43},{"text":"Annual","start":12.43,"end":12.83},{"text":"Report.","start":12.83,"end":13.31}]},{"text":"My name is Paul Holtam and I am the head of the Conventional Weapons Program at the United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research, or UNIDIR for 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conventional weapons program provides policy relevant research, advisory services, and capacity building tools to prevent and address the illicit proliferation and misuse of conventional arms and ammunition with the goal of reducing human 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also support the development, implementation, and universalization of international and regional conventional weapons instruments.","start":42.79,"end":51.11,"topics":[{"key":"att-implementation","label":"Arms Trade Treaty Implementation","description":"Discussion centered on the current state of the Arms Trade Treaty, including compliance, national implementation, and efforts to universalize membership. 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Protection of civilians was framed as both a humanitarian imperative and a legal obligation."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":66.75,"end":66.87},{"text":"we","start":66.87,"end":67.03},{"text":"hope","start":67.03,"end":67.19},{"text":"that","start":67.19,"end":67.35},{"text":"our","start":67.35,"end":67.43},{"text":"work","start":67.43,"end":67.87},{"text":"contributes","start":67.87,"end":68.55},{"text":"towards","start":68.79,"end":69.15},{"text":"a","start":69.15,"end":69.19},{"text":"more","start":69.19,"end":69.35},{"text":"responsible","start":69.35,"end":69.99},{"text":"international","start":69.99,"end":70.51},{"text":"arms","start":70.51,"end":70.71},{"text":"trade,","start":70.71,"end":71.11},{"text":"countering","start":71.59,"end":72.07},{"text":"diversion,","start":72.07,"end":72.67},{"text":"the","start":72.67,"end":72.75},{"text":"illicit","start":72.75,"end":73.07},{"text":"trade,","start":73.07,"end":73.59},{"text":"and","start":73.95,"end":74.07},{"text":"increases","start":74.07,"end":74.59},{"text":"transparency,","start":74.59,"end":75.43},{"text":"builds","start":75.99,"end":76.23},{"text":"confidence","start":76.23,"end":76.63},{"text":"between","start":76.63,"end":76.95},{"text":"states,","start":76.95,"end":77.51},{"text":"and","start":78.31,"end":78.43},{"text":"reduces","start":78.43,"end":78.87},{"text":"human","start":78.87,"end":79.19},{"text":"suffering.","start":79.19,"end":79.67}]},{"text":"Therefore, UNIDIR is delighted to support the press launch of the Arms Trade Treaty Monitor 2026 Annual Report.","start":81.27,"end":88.63,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Therefore,","start":81.27,"end":81.67},{"text":"UNIDIR","start":81.67,"end":82.51},{"text":"is","start":82.51,"end":82.59},{"text":"delighted","start":82.59,"end":83.19},{"text":"to","start":83.59,"end":84.07},{"text":"support","start":84.07,"end":84.47},{"text":"the","start":84.47,"end":84.59},{"text":"press","start":84.59,"end":84.87},{"text":"launch","start":84.87,"end":85.27},{"text":"of","start":85.27,"end":85.35},{"text":"the","start":85.35,"end":85.47},{"text":"Arms","start":85.47,"end":85.67},{"text":"Trade","start":85.67,"end":85.91},{"text":"Treaty","start":85.91,"end":86.19},{"text":"Monitor","start":86.19,"end":86.67},{"text":"2026","start":86.99,"end":87.91},{"text":"Annual","start":87.91,"end":88.23},{"text":"Report.","start":88.23,"end":88.63}]},{"text":"This is the first time we've supported a press launch for this Monitor, but it complements the support we provide for the annual press launches for the Monitor reports on cluster munitions and landmines.","start":90.23,"end":100.91,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":90.23,"end":90.39},{"text":"is","start":90.39,"end":90.47},{"text":"the","start":90.47,"end":90.59},{"text":"first","start":90.59,"end":90.95},{"text":"time","start":90.95,"end":91.15},{"text":"we've","start":91.15,"end":91.31},{"text":"supported","start":91.31,"end":91.71},{"text":"a","start":91.71,"end":91.75},{"text":"press","start":91.75,"end":92.07},{"text":"launch","start":92.07,"end":92.47},{"text":"for","start":92.47,"end":92.71},{"text":"this","start":92.71,"end":92.95},{"text":"Monitor,","start":92.95,"end":93.43},{"text":"but","start":93.83,"end":93.99},{"text":"it","start":93.99,"end":94.07},{"text":"complements","start":94.07,"end":94.63},{"text":"the","start":94.63,"end":94.71},{"text":"support","start":94.71,"end":95.11},{"text":"we","start":95.11,"end":95.23},{"text":"provide","start":95.23,"end":95.75},{"text":"for","start":95.99,"end":96.15},{"text":"the","start":96.15,"end":96.27},{"text":"annual","start":96.27,"end":96.55},{"text":"press","start":96.55,"end":96.87},{"text":"launches","start":96.87,"end":97.43},{"text":"for","start":97.67,"end":97.83},{"text":"the","start":97.83,"end":97.91},{"text":"Monitor","start":97.91,"end":98.31},{"text":"reports","start":98.31,"end":98.95},{"text":"on","start":99.19,"end":99.35},{"text":"cluster","start":99.35,"end":99.63},{"text":"munitions","start":99.63,"end":100.23},{"text":"and","start":100.23,"end":100.35},{"text":"landmines.","start":100.35,"end":100.91}]},{"text":"And it's just one way in which UNIDIR cooperates with civil society, academia, research institutes, and the media to increase transparency on the international arms trade.","start":100.91,"end":111.51,"topics":[{"key":"transfer-transparency","label":"Transparency in Arms Transfer Reporting","description":"A major topic was how states report their arms exports and imports under the treaty, including the quality, timeliness, and public availability of annual and initial reports. 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Thank you for your kind introduction.","start":176.63,"end":180.07,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":176.63,"end":176.87},{"text":"you","start":176.87,"end":176.95},{"text":"very","start":176.95,"end":177.11},{"text":"much,","start":177.11,"end":177.35},{"text":"Paul.","start":177.35,"end":177.75},{"text":"Thank","start":177.83,"end":178.11},{"text":"you","start":178.11,"end":178.23},{"text":"for","start":178.23,"end":178.63},{"text":"your","start":178.79,"end":179.03},{"text":"kind","start":179.03,"end":179.31},{"text":"introduction.","start":179.31,"end":180.07}]},{"text":"Thank you, UNIDIR, for this opportunity, and thank you all that are attending this press launch of the ATT Monitor 2026 report today.","start":180.91,"end":191.19,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":180.91,"end":181.19},{"text":"you,","start":181.19,"end":181.27},{"text":"UNIDIR,","start":181.27,"end":182.15},{"text":"for","start":182.15,"end":182.27},{"text":"this","start":182.27,"end":182.47},{"text":"opportunity,","start":182.47,"end":183.19},{"text":"and","start":183.75,"end":184.15},{"text":"thank","start":184.35,"end":184.59},{"text":"you","start":184.59,"end":184.71},{"text":"all","start":184.71,"end":185.03},{"text":"that","start":186.39,"end":186.55},{"text":"are","start":186.55,"end":186.75},{"text":"attending","start":186.75,"end":187.19},{"text":"this","start":187.19,"end":187.43},{"text":"press","start":187.43,"end":187.67},{"text":"launch","start":187.67,"end":188.07},{"text":"of","start":188.15,"end":188.31},{"text":"the","start":188.31,"end":188.43},{"text":"ATT","start":188.55,"end":188.95},{"text":"Monitor","start":188.95,"end":189.67},{"text":"2026","start":189.67,"end":190.47},{"text":"report","start":190.47,"end":190.83},{"text":"today.","start":190.83,"end":191.19}]},{"text":"Next slide, please.","start":193.11,"end":194.15,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next","start":193.11,"end":193.47},{"text":"slide,","start":193.47,"end":193.79},{"text":"please.","start":193.79,"end":194.15}]},{"text":"For those of you that might not be familiar with the ATT, the Arms Trade Treaty, the ATT is a treaty that entered into force in 2014 and has two main objectives.","start":196.39,"end":208.71,"topics":[{"key":"att-implementation","label":"Arms Trade Treaty Implementation","description":"Discussion centered on the current state of the Arms Trade Treaty, including compliance, national implementation, and efforts to universalize membership. 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this year we prepared also summaries and policy briefs in different languages.","start":258.27,"end":263.47,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":258.27,"end":258.55},{"text":"this","start":258.55,"end":258.75},{"text":"year","start":258.75,"end":258.91},{"text":"we","start":258.91,"end":259.07},{"text":"prepared","start":259.07,"end":259.55},{"text":"also","start":259.55,"end":259.95},{"text":"summaries","start":260.03,"end":260.75},{"text":"and","start":260.83,"end":260.99},{"text":"policy","start":260.99,"end":261.35},{"text":"briefs","start":261.35,"end":261.79},{"text":"in","start":262.27,"end":262.47},{"text":"different","start":262.47,"end":262.87},{"text":"languages.","start":262.87,"end":263.47}]},{"text":"The report this year is divided into five main 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The debate highlighted Article 7 of the ATT, foreseeable harm, mitigation measures, and the need to act before transfers occur."}],"words":[{"text":"Most","start":531.15,"end":531.43},{"text":"of","start":531.43,"end":531.55},{"text":"this","start":531.55,"end":531.79},{"text":"conflict","start":531.79,"end":532.23},{"text":"involves","start":532.23,"end":532.59},{"text":"serious","start":532.59,"end":532.95},{"text":"violation","start":532.95,"end":533.47},{"text":"of","start":533.47,"end":533.59},{"text":"international","start":533.59,"end":534.15},{"text":"humanitarian","start":534.15,"end":534.83},{"text":"law","start":534.83,"end":535.11},{"text":"and","start":535.11,"end":535.35},{"text":"international","start":535.35,"end":535.91},{"text":"human","start":535.91,"end":536.19},{"text":"rights","start":536.19,"end":536.59},{"text":"law,","start":536.59,"end":537.07},{"text":"and","start":537.39,"end":537.51},{"text":"states","start":537.51,"end":537.79},{"text":"parties","start":537.79,"end":538.19},{"text":"of","start":538.19,"end":538.27},{"text":"the","start":538.27,"end":538.43},{"text":"treaty","start":538.43,"end":538.79},{"text":"should","start":538.79,"end":539.07},{"text":"assess","start":539.07,"end":539.39},{"text":"the","start":539.39,"end":539.51},{"text":"risk","start":539.51,"end":539.91},{"text":"of","start":539.91,"end":540.03},{"text":"these","start":540.03,"end":540.27},{"text":"violations","start":540.27,"end":541.07},{"text":"before","start":541.39,"end":541.79},{"text":"authorizing","start":541.79,"end":542.43},{"text":"arms","start":542.43,"end":542.63},{"text":"transfers.","start":542.63,"end":543.31}]},{"text":"As conflicts continue in many regions of the world, we have seen that some states, including ATT states parties, have taken measures and policy decisions to stop or limit transfers of military material to belligerent parties.","start":544.19,"end":557.71,"topics":[{"key":"arms-embargoes","label":"Arms Transfer Restrictions and Embargoes","description":"The discussion reviewed cases where states suspended, denied, or limited transfers to parties involved in armed conflict, including examples related to Israel and other conflict situations. 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Speakers also referred to the treaty’s future direction, including its role in shaping responsible arms transfer practices and an upcoming five-year strategy."}],"words":[{"text":"States","start":572.63,"end":572.95},{"text":"parties","start":572.95,"end":573.35},{"text":"of","start":573.35,"end":573.43},{"text":"the","start":573.43,"end":573.55},{"text":"ATT","start":573.63,"end":573.99},{"text":"this","start":574.23,"end":574.55},{"text":"year","start":574.55,"end":574.87},{"text":"will","start":574.87,"end":575.27},{"text":"be","start":575.43,"end":575.67},{"text":"developing","start":575.67,"end":576.23},{"text":"a","start":576.23,"end":576.31},{"text":"five-year","start":576.31,"end":576.79},{"text":"strategy","start":576.79,"end":577.35},{"text":"for","start":577.35,"end":577.59},{"text":"the","start":577.59,"end":577.67},{"text":"treaty.","start":577.67,"end":578.23}]},{"text":"We hope then that they can continue to debate arms transfer decisions within the ATT framework And they can offer practical cases that can be used in the ATT strategy to demonstrate the treaty's effectiveness and impact.","start":578.39,"end":592.03,"topics":[{"key":"arms-embargoes","label":"Arms Transfer Restrictions and Embargoes","description":"The discussion reviewed cases where states suspended, denied, or limited transfers to parties involved in armed conflict, including examples related to Israel and other conflict situations. 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Speakers argued that international agreements are more effective when their standards are applied together in national law, policy, and export decision-making."},{"key":"explosive-weapons","label":"Explosive Weapons in Populated Areas","description":"Several statements focused on the use of explosive weapons in cities, towns, and villages and the severe risks this poses to civilians. The discussion linked the ATT to the political declaration on explosive weapons in populated areas and examined how these issues should inform state practice."}],"words":[{"text":"You","start":605.91,"end":606.03},{"text":"mentioned","start":606.03,"end":606.51},{"text":"that","start":606.71,"end":607.03},{"text":"there's","start":607.19,"end":607.51},{"text":"a","start":608.39,"end":608.47},{"text":"chapter","start":608.47,"end":609.03},{"text":"in","start":609.03,"end":609.19},{"text":"this","start":609.19,"end":609.31},{"text":"year's","start":609.31,"end":609.59},{"text":"report","start":609.59,"end":609.99},{"text":"on","start":609.99,"end":610.15},{"text":"the","start":610.15,"end":610.23},{"text":"Arms","start":610.23,"end":610.43},{"text":"Trade","start":610.43,"end":610.67},{"text":"Treaty","start":610.67,"end":611.27},{"text":"and","start":611.59,"end":611.79},{"text":"the","start":611.79,"end":611.91},{"text":"Political","start":611.91,"end":612.27},{"text":"Declaration","start":612.27,"end":612.87},{"text":"on","start":612.87,"end":612.99},{"text":"Explosive","start":612.99,"end":613.43},{"text":"Weapons","start":613.43,"end":614.07},{"text":"in","start":614.31,"end":614.55},{"text":"Populated","start":614.55,"end":615.03},{"text":"Areas,","start":615.03,"end":615.51},{"text":"as","start":615.51,"end":615.59},{"text":"you","start":615.59,"end":615.67},{"text":"said,","start":615.71,"end":615.83},{"text":"EWEPA","start":615.83,"end":616.59},{"text":"for","start":616.59,"end":616.71},{"text":"short.","start":616.71,"end":617.19}]},{"text":"And I'm curious to hear more about the linkages that your research team has identified, because indeed UNIDIR's conventional weapons program is also interested in the implementation and universalization of both of these instruments.","start":617.75,"end":629.51,"topics":[{"key":"att-implementation","label":"Arms Trade Treaty Implementation","description":"Discussion centered on the current state of the Arms Trade Treaty, including compliance, national implementation, and efforts to universalize membership. 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Across the world, whenever explosive weapons are used in cities, towns or villages, it is always civilians who suffer the most.","start":733.19,"end":743.67,"topics":[{"key":"explosive-weapons","label":"Explosive Weapons in Populated Areas","description":"Several statements focused on the use of explosive weapons in cities, towns, and villages and the severe risks this poses to civilians. The discussion linked the ATT to the political declaration on explosive weapons in populated areas and examined how these issues should inform state practice."},{"key":"civilian-protection","label":"Civilian Protection and Humanitarian Harm","description":"The proceeding repeatedly addressed the human cost of conflict, including civilian deaths and injuries, destruction of hospitals, schools, housing, and energy systems, and the long-term psychological and social effects on communities. 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Protection of civilians was framed as both a humanitarian imperative and a legal obligation."}],"words":[{"text":"Protection","start":1107.87,"end":1108.39},{"text":"of","start":1108.39,"end":1108.47},{"text":"civilians","start":1108.47,"end":1108.99},{"text":"is","start":1108.99,"end":1109.15},{"text":"not","start":1109.15,"end":1109.39},{"text":"only","start":1109.39,"end":1109.67},{"text":"a","start":1109.67,"end":1109.71},{"text":"humanitarian","start":1109.71,"end":1110.43},{"text":"imperative,","start":1110.47,"end":1111.31},{"text":"it's","start":1111.87,"end":1112.15},{"text":"a","start":1112.15,"end":1112.19},{"text":"legal","start":1112.19,"end":1112.67},{"text":"and","start":1112.67,"end":1112.87},{"text":"moral","start":1112.87,"end":1113.31},{"text":"obligation.","start":1113.31,"end":1114.19}]},{"text":"Thank you.","start":1114.67,"end":1115.07,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":1114.67,"end":1114.99},{"text":"you.","start":1114.99,"end":1115.07}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Lyubov Hutsul","affiliation":"HI","affiliation_full":"HI","group":null,"function":"Advocacy and Communication Senior Officer"}},{"statement_number":5,"start":1119.23,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1l/k1l36mst06?t=1120","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Good afternoon, everyone.","start":1119.23,"end":1120.67,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Good","start":1119.23,"end":1119.39},{"text":"afternoon,","start":1119.39,"end":1120.03},{"text":"everyone.","start":1120.03,"end":1120.67}]},{"text":"Good afternoon, everyone.","start":1124.35,"end":1125.23,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Good","start":1124.35,"end":1124.47},{"text":"afternoon,","start":1124.47,"end":1124.83},{"text":"everyone.","start":1124.83,"end":1125.23}]},{"text":"So I'm going to look at the connection between the Arms Trade Treaty and the political declaration on protecting civilians from the use of explosive weapons in populated areas.","start":1125.55,"end":1134.91,"topics":[{"key":"treaty-synergies","label":"Synergies Between International Instruments","description":"A recurring theme was the need to connect rather than isolate different arms control and civilian protection frameworks, especially the ATT and the declaration on explosive weapons in populated areas. Speakers argued that international agreements are more effective when their standards are applied together in national law, policy, and export decision-making."},{"key":"explosive-weapons","label":"Explosive Weapons in Populated Areas","description":"Several statements focused on the use of explosive weapons in cities, towns, and villages and the severe risks this poses to civilians. 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Protection of civilians was framed as both a humanitarian imperative and a legal obligation."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":1147.95,"end":1148.07},{"text":"such,","start":1148.07,"end":1148.43},{"text":"I","start":1148.43,"end":1148.47},{"text":"need","start":1148.47,"end":1148.63},{"text":"to","start":1148.63,"end":1148.71},{"text":"act","start":1148.71,"end":1149.15},{"text":"on","start":1149.23,"end":1149.63},{"text":"documented","start":1149.63,"end":1150.27},{"text":"risks","start":1150.27,"end":1150.99},{"text":"before","start":1151.07,"end":1151.39},{"text":"weapons","start":1151.39,"end":1151.83},{"text":"are","start":1151.83,"end":1151.91},{"text":"transferred","start":1151.91,"end":1152.47},{"text":"and","start":1152.47,"end":1152.59},{"text":"not","start":1152.75,"end":1152.99},{"text":"wait","start":1152.99,"end":1153.39},{"text":"until","start":1153.43,"end":1154.03},{"text":"civilian","start":1154.03,"end":1154.43},{"text":"harm","start":1154.43,"end":1154.75},{"text":"has","start":1154.75,"end":1154.91},{"text":"already","start":1154.91,"end":1155.31},{"text":"happened.","start":1155.31,"end":1155.87}]},{"text":"One of the biggest drivers of harm to civilians in contemporary armed conflicts in the world today is the use of explosive weapons in populated areas.","start":1156.35,"end":1166.67,"topics":[{"key":"explosive-weapons","label":"Explosive Weapons in Populated Areas","description":"Several statements focused on the use of explosive weapons in cities, towns, and villages and the severe risks this poses to civilians. 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The discussion linked the ATT to the political declaration on explosive weapons in populated areas and examined how these issues should inform state practice."},{"key":"civilian-protection","label":"Civilian Protection and Humanitarian Harm","description":"The proceeding repeatedly addressed the human cost of conflict, including civilian deaths and injuries, destruction of hospitals, schools, housing, and energy systems, and the long-term psychological and social effects on communities. Protection of civilians was framed as both a humanitarian imperative and a legal obligation."}],"words":[{"text":"When","start":1167.63,"end":1167.95},{"text":"towns","start":1167.95,"end":1168.47},{"text":"and","start":1168.47,"end":1168.59},{"text":"cities","start":1168.59,"end":1169.11},{"text":"are","start":1169.11,"end":1169.19},{"text":"bombed,","start":1169.23,"end":1169.79},{"text":"we","start":1170.51,"end":1170.67},{"text":"see","start":1170.67,"end":1170.95},{"text":"an","start":1170.95,"end":1171.03},{"text":"impact","start":1171.03,"end":1171.55},{"text":"that","start":1171.55,"end":1171.71},{"text":"lasts","start":1171.71,"end":1172.27},{"text":"well","start":1172.27,"end":1172.51},{"text":"beyond","start":1172.51,"end":1173.15},{"text":"the","start":1173.15,"end":1173.35},{"text":"initial","start":1173.47,"end":1173.99},{"text":"blast.","start":1173.99,"end":1174.51}]},{"text":"People are killed and injured.","start":1174.59,"end":1176.67,"topics":[{"key":"civilian-protection","label":"Civilian Protection and Humanitarian Harm","description":"The proceeding repeatedly addressed the human cost of conflict, including civilian deaths and injuries, destruction of hospitals, schools, housing, and energy systems, and the long-term psychological and social effects on communities. Protection of civilians was framed as both a humanitarian imperative and a legal obligation."}],"words":[{"text":"People","start":1174.59,"end":1175.23},{"text":"are","start":1175.31,"end":1175.39},{"text":"killed","start":1175.55,"end":1175.91},{"text":"and","start":1175.91,"end":1176.03},{"text":"injured.","start":1176.03,"end":1176.67}]},{"text":"Homes and hospitals are destroyed.","start":1177.23,"end":1179.55,"topics":[{"key":"civilian-protection","label":"Civilian Protection and Humanitarian Harm","description":"The proceeding repeatedly addressed the human cost of conflict, including civilian deaths and injuries, destruction of hospitals, schools, housing, and energy systems, and the long-term psychological and social effects on communities. Protection of civilians was framed as both a humanitarian imperative and a legal obligation."}],"words":[{"text":"Homes","start":1177.23,"end":1177.83},{"text":"and","start":1177.83,"end":1177.95},{"text":"hospitals","start":1177.95,"end":1178.67},{"text":"are","start":1178.67,"end":1178.75},{"text":"destroyed.","start":1178.75,"end":1179.55}]},{"text":"Water, sanitation, health, energy, and education services collapse.","start":1180.19,"end":1184.83,"topics":[{"key":"civilian-protection","label":"Civilian Protection and Humanitarian Harm","description":"The proceeding repeatedly addressed the human cost of conflict, including civilian deaths and injuries, destruction of hospitals, schools, housing, and energy systems, and the long-term psychological and social effects on communities. Protection of civilians was framed as both a humanitarian imperative and a legal obligation."}],"words":[{"text":"Water,","start":1180.19,"end":1180.71},{"text":"sanitation,","start":1180.71,"end":1181.63},{"text":"health,","start":1181.63,"end":1182.11},{"text":"energy,","start":1182.27,"end":1182.79},{"text":"and","start":1182.79,"end":1182.95},{"text":"education","start":1182.95,"end":1183.55},{"text":"services","start":1183.55,"end":1184.27},{"text":"collapse.","start":1184.27,"end":1184.83}]},{"text":"We heard just now about the impact in Ukraine.","start":1185.79,"end":1189.23,"topics":[{"key":"civilian-protection","label":"Civilian Protection and Humanitarian Harm","description":"The proceeding repeatedly addressed the human cost of conflict, including civilian deaths and injuries, destruction of hospitals, schools, housing, and energy systems, and the long-term psychological and social effects on communities. Protection of civilians was framed as both a humanitarian imperative and a legal obligation."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":1185.79,"end":1185.95},{"text":"heard","start":1185.95,"end":1186.43},{"text":"just","start":1186.43,"end":1186.67},{"text":"now","start":1186.67,"end":1186.91},{"text":"about","start":1186.91,"end":1187.27},{"text":"the","start":1187.27,"end":1187.35},{"text":"impact","start":1187.35,"end":1187.95},{"text":"in","start":1187.95,"end":1188.43},{"text":"Ukraine.","start":1188.43,"end":1189.23}]},{"text":"Another example is what we've seen over the last few years in Gaza, which demonstrates both the scale and the foreseeability of this harm.","start":1189.39,"end":1198.51,"topics":[{"key":"civilian-protection","label":"Civilian Protection and Humanitarian Harm","description":"The proceeding repeatedly addressed the human cost of conflict, including civilian deaths and injuries, destruction of hospitals, schools, housing, and energy systems, and the long-term psychological and social effects on communities. 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Protection of civilians was framed as both a humanitarian imperative and a legal obligation."},{"key":"explosive-weapons","label":"Explosive Weapons in Populated Areas","description":"Several statements focused on the use of explosive weapons in cities, towns, and villages and the severe risks this poses to civilians. The discussion linked the ATT to the political declaration on explosive weapons in populated areas and examined how these issues should inform state practice."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":1199.31,"end":1199.47},{"text":"the","start":1199.47,"end":1199.55},{"text":"report","start":1199.55,"end":1200.27},{"text":"that","start":1200.35,"end":1200.75},{"text":"we're","start":1200.75,"end":1200.91},{"text":"launching","start":1200.91,"end":1201.31},{"text":"today,","start":1201.31,"end":1201.79},{"text":"we","start":1201.79,"end":1201.95},{"text":"record","start":1201.95,"end":1202.47},{"text":"an","start":1202.47,"end":1202.59},{"text":"incident","start":1202.59,"end":1203.11},{"text":"where","start":1203.11,"end":1203.43},{"text":"a","start":1203.43,"end":1203.47},{"text":"2,000","start":1203.47,"end":1204.43},{"text":"pound","start":1204.43,"end":1204.99},{"text":"bomb","start":1204.99,"end":1205.55},{"text":"was","start":1206.43,"end":1206.75},{"text":"used","start":1206.75,"end":1207.23},{"text":"and","start":1207.31,"end":1207.71},{"text":"hit","start":1207.71,"end":1208.03},{"text":"Jabalia","start":1208.59,"end":1209.11},{"text":"refugee","start":1209.11,"end":1209.63},{"text":"camp","start":1209.63,"end":1210.11},{"text":"in","start":1210.19,"end":1210.67},{"text":"October","start":1210.91,"end":1211.47},{"text":"2023.","start":1211.47,"end":1212.59}]},{"text":"It killed at least 126 civilians, including 69 children.","start":1213.23,"end":1218.83,"topics":[{"key":"civilian-protection","label":"Civilian Protection and Humanitarian Harm","description":"The proceeding repeatedly addressed the human cost of conflict, including civilian deaths and injuries, destruction of hospitals, schools, housing, and energy systems, and the long-term psychological and social effects on communities. Protection of civilians was framed as both a humanitarian imperative and a legal obligation."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":1213.23,"end":1213.39},{"text":"killed","start":1213.39,"end":1213.79},{"text":"at","start":1213.79,"end":1213.87},{"text":"least","start":1213.87,"end":1214.75},{"text":"126","start":1214.75,"end":1215.43},{"text":"civilians,","start":1215.43,"end":1216.27},{"text":"including","start":1216.67,"end":1217.39},{"text":"69","start":1217.39,"end":1218.19},{"text":"children.","start":1218.19,"end":1218.83}]},{"text":"This 2,000 pound bomb is likely to kill anyone around 30 meters around the point of detonation.","start":1219.39,"end":1226.95,"topics":[{"key":"explosive-weapons","label":"Explosive Weapons in Populated Areas","description":"Several statements focused on the use of explosive weapons in cities, towns, and villages and the severe risks this poses to civilians. The discussion linked the ATT to the political declaration on explosive weapons in populated areas and examined how these issues should inform state practice."},{"key":"civilian-protection","label":"Civilian Protection and Humanitarian Harm","description":"The proceeding repeatedly addressed the human cost of conflict, including civilian deaths and injuries, destruction of hospitals, schools, housing, and energy systems, and the long-term psychological and social effects on communities. Protection of civilians was framed as both a humanitarian imperative and a legal obligation."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":1219.39,"end":1219.63},{"text":"2,000","start":1219.63,"end":1220.43},{"text":"pound","start":1220.43,"end":1220.91},{"text":"bomb","start":1220.91,"end":1221.39},{"text":"is","start":1221.71,"end":1221.87},{"text":"likely","start":1221.87,"end":1222.19},{"text":"to","start":1222.19,"end":1222.31},{"text":"kill","start":1222.35,"end":1222.67},{"text":"anyone","start":1222.75,"end":1223.35},{"text":"around","start":1223.35,"end":1223.87},{"text":"30","start":1224.27,"end":1224.83},{"text":"meters","start":1224.83,"end":1225.27},{"text":"around","start":1225.27,"end":1225.55},{"text":"the","start":1225.55,"end":1225.63},{"text":"point","start":1225.63,"end":1226.03},{"text":"of","start":1226.07,"end":1226.19},{"text":"detonation.","start":1226.19,"end":1226.95}]},{"text":"There's lethal fragments projected from 2,000 pound bombs up to 365 meters away.","start":1226.95,"end":1233.55,"topics":[{"key":"explosive-weapons","label":"Explosive Weapons in Populated Areas","description":"Several statements focused on the use of explosive weapons in cities, towns, and villages and the severe risks this poses to civilians. The discussion linked the ATT to the political declaration on explosive weapons in populated areas and examined how these issues should inform state practice."},{"key":"civilian-protection","label":"Civilian Protection and Humanitarian Harm","description":"The proceeding repeatedly addressed the human cost of conflict, including civilian deaths and injuries, destruction of hospitals, schools, housing, and energy systems, and the long-term psychological and social effects on communities. Protection of civilians was framed as both a humanitarian imperative and a legal obligation."}],"words":[{"text":"There's","start":1226.95,"end":1227.23},{"text":"lethal","start":1227.23,"end":1227.63},{"text":"fragments","start":1227.63,"end":1228.43},{"text":"projected","start":1228.91,"end":1229.55},{"text":"from","start":1229.55,"end":1229.95},{"text":"2,000","start":1229.95,"end":1230.55},{"text":"pound","start":1230.55,"end":1230.83},{"text":"bombs","start":1230.83,"end":1231.15},{"text":"up","start":1231.15,"end":1231.31},{"text":"to","start":1231.31,"end":1231.43},{"text":"365","start":1231.43,"end":1232.83},{"text":"meters","start":1232.83,"end":1233.27},{"text":"away.","start":1233.27,"end":1233.55}]},{"text":"So these are really very heavy weapons that are being used in densely populated areas.","start":1233.55,"end":1239.47,"topics":[{"key":"explosive-weapons","label":"Explosive Weapons in Populated Areas","description":"Several statements focused on the use of explosive weapons in cities, towns, and villages and the severe risks this poses to civilians. The discussion linked the ATT to the political declaration on explosive weapons in populated areas and examined how these issues should inform state practice."},{"key":"civilian-protection","label":"Civilian Protection and Humanitarian Harm","description":"The proceeding repeatedly addressed the human cost of conflict, including civilian deaths and injuries, destruction of hospitals, schools, housing, and energy systems, and the long-term psychological and social effects on communities. Protection of civilians was framed as both a humanitarian imperative and a legal obligation."}],"words":[{"text":"So","start":1233.55,"end":1233.71},{"text":"these","start":1233.71,"end":1233.99},{"text":"are","start":1233.99,"end":1234.11},{"text":"really","start":1234.59,"end":1235.07},{"text":"very","start":1235.15,"end":1235.79},{"text":"heavy","start":1236.11,"end":1236.59},{"text":"weapons","start":1236.59,"end":1237.03},{"text":"that","start":1237.03,"end":1237.15},{"text":"are","start":1237.15,"end":1237.23},{"text":"being","start":1237.23,"end":1237.47},{"text":"used","start":1237.47,"end":1237.83},{"text":"in","start":1237.83,"end":1237.95},{"text":"densely","start":1237.95,"end":1238.35},{"text":"populated","start":1238.35,"end":1238.99},{"text":"areas.","start":1238.99,"end":1239.47}]},{"text":"The purpose of citing this evidence is not just to demonstrate the humanitarian consequences, but also to ask what exporting states have done with the growing body of information about recipient states' conduct and their knowledge around the characteristics and the effects of these heavy weapons and their likely use in populated areas.","start":1240.07,"end":1263.35,"topics":[{"key":"export-risk-assessment","label":"Export Risk Assessment","description":"Speakers emphasized that arms export decisions should include forward-looking assessments of whether weapons could be used to commit serious violations of international humanitarian or human rights law. 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The debate highlighted Article 7 of the ATT, foreseeable harm, mitigation measures, and the need to act before transfers occur."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1267.75,"end":1267.95},{"text":"first","start":1267.95,"end":1268.47},{"text":"is","start":1268.47,"end":1268.79},{"text":"that","start":1268.79,"end":1269.27},{"text":"foreseeable","start":1269.83,"end":1270.39},{"text":"harm","start":1270.39,"end":1270.95},{"text":"must","start":1270.95,"end":1271.11},{"text":"be","start":1271.11,"end":1271.35},{"text":"incorporated","start":1271.35,"end":1272.15},{"text":"into","start":1272.15,"end":1272.47},{"text":"these","start":1272.47,"end":1272.71},{"text":"arms","start":1272.71,"end":1273.03},{"text":"export","start":1273.03,"end":1273.51},{"text":"decisions.","start":1273.51,"end":1274.23}]},{"text":"Article 7 of the Arms Trade Treaty requires a forward-looking assessment of whether exported arms could be used to commit or facilitate serious violations of international humanitarian and human rights law.","start":1274.71,"end":1286.15,"topics":[{"key":"export-risk-assessment","label":"Export Risk Assessment","description":"Speakers emphasized that arms export decisions should include forward-looking assessments of whether weapons could be used to commit serious violations of international humanitarian or human rights law. The debate highlighted Article 7 of the ATT, foreseeable harm, mitigation measures, and the need to act before transfers occur."},{"key":"att-implementation","label":"Arms Trade Treaty Implementation","description":"Discussion centered on the current state of the Arms Trade Treaty, including compliance, national implementation, and efforts to universalize membership. Speakers also referred to the treaty’s future direction, including its role in shaping responsible arms transfer practices and an upcoming five-year strategy."}],"words":[{"text":"Article","start":1274.71,"end":1275.03},{"text":"7","start":1275.03,"end":1275.35},{"text":"of","start":1275.35,"end":1275.43},{"text":"the","start":1275.43,"end":1275.55},{"text":"Arms","start":1275.55,"end":1275.75},{"text":"Trade","start":1275.75,"end":1276.03},{"text":"Treaty","start":1276.03,"end":1276.43},{"text":"requires","start":1276.43,"end":1276.95},{"text":"a","start":1277.03,"end":1277.07},{"text":"forward-looking","start":1277.07,"end":1277.67},{"text":"assessment","start":1277.67,"end":1278.27},{"text":"of","start":1278.27,"end":1278.43},{"text":"whether","start":1278.43,"end":1278.91},{"text":"exported","start":1279.11,"end":1279.75},{"text":"arms","start":1279.75,"end":1280.03},{"text":"could","start":1280.03,"end":1280.15},{"text":"be","start":1280.15,"end":1280.31},{"text":"used","start":1280.31,"end":1280.67},{"text":"to","start":1280.67,"end":1280.75},{"text":"commit","start":1280.75,"end":1281.19},{"text":"or","start":1281.19,"end":1281.27},{"text":"facilitate","start":1281.27,"end":1281.99},{"text":"serious","start":1281.99,"end":1282.47},{"text":"violations","start":1282.47,"end":1283.15},{"text":"of","start":1283.15,"end":1283.23},{"text":"international","start":1283.23,"end":1283.99},{"text":"humanitarian","start":1284.31,"end":1285.19},{"text":"and","start":1285.19,"end":1285.31},{"text":"human","start":1285.31,"end":1285.63},{"text":"rights","start":1285.63,"end":1285.91},{"text":"law.","start":1285.91,"end":1286.15}]},{"text":"If there is an overriding risk, the export must not be authorised.","start":1286.55,"end":1290.31,"topics":[{"key":"export-risk-assessment","label":"Export Risk Assessment","description":"Speakers emphasized that arms export decisions should include forward-looking assessments of whether weapons could be used to commit serious violations of international humanitarian or human rights law. The debate highlighted Article 7 of the ATT, foreseeable harm, mitigation measures, and the need to act before transfers occur."}],"words":[{"text":"If","start":1286.55,"end":1286.71},{"text":"there","start":1286.71,"end":1286.87},{"text":"is","start":1286.87,"end":1286.95},{"text":"an","start":1286.95,"end":1287.03},{"text":"overriding","start":1287.03,"end":1287.67},{"text":"risk,","start":1287.67,"end":1288.07},{"text":"the","start":1288.07,"end":1288.23},{"text":"export","start":1288.55,"end":1289.07},{"text":"must","start":1289.07,"end":1289.35},{"text":"not","start":1289.35,"end":1289.47},{"text":"be","start":1289.47,"end":1289.59},{"text":"authorised.","start":1289.59,"end":1290.31}]},{"text":"We see that the documented and foreseeable consequences of using heavy explosive weapons in towns and cities must be systematically factored into Article 7 risk assessments before authorization and not retrospectively.","start":1291.35,"end":1306.55,"topics":[{"key":"export-risk-assessment","label":"Export Risk Assessment","description":"Speakers emphasized that arms export decisions should include forward-looking assessments of whether weapons could be used to commit serious violations of international humanitarian or human rights law. The debate highlighted Article 7 of the ATT, foreseeable harm, mitigation measures, and the need to act before transfers occur."},{"key":"explosive-weapons","label":"Explosive Weapons in Populated Areas","description":"Several statements focused on the use of explosive weapons in cities, towns, and villages and the severe risks this poses to civilians. The discussion linked the ATT to the political declaration on explosive weapons in populated areas and examined how these issues should inform state practice."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":1291.35,"end":1291.51},{"text":"see","start":1291.51,"end":1291.75},{"text":"that","start":1291.75,"end":1291.87},{"text":"the","start":1291.87,"end":1291.99},{"text":"documented","start":1291.99,"end":1292.71},{"text":"and","start":1292.71,"end":1292.83},{"text":"foreseeable","start":1292.83,"end":1293.67},{"text":"consequences","start":1293.83,"end":1294.67},{"text":"of","start":1294.67,"end":1294.79},{"text":"using","start":1294.79,"end":1295.27},{"text":"heavy","start":1295.35,"end":1295.71},{"text":"explosive","start":1295.71,"end":1296.19},{"text":"weapons","start":1296.19,"end":1296.71},{"text":"in","start":1296.71,"end":1296.87},{"text":"towns","start":1296.87,"end":1297.31},{"text":"and","start":1297.31,"end":1297.43},{"text":"cities","start":1297.43,"end":1297.99},{"text":"must","start":1298.15,"end":1298.55},{"text":"be","start":1298.55,"end":1298.63},{"text":"systematically","start":1298.63,"end":1299.59},{"text":"factored","start":1299.59,"end":1300.07},{"text":"into","start":1300.07,"end":1300.47},{"text":"Article","start":1300.87,"end":1301.35},{"text":"7","start":1301.35,"end":1301.75},{"text":"risk","start":1301.75,"end":1302.03},{"text":"assessments","start":1302.03,"end":1302.71},{"text":"before","start":1303.43,"end":1303.83},{"text":"authorization","start":1303.83,"end":1305.11},{"text":"and","start":1305.11,"end":1305.39},{"text":"not","start":1305.39,"end":1305.55},{"text":"retrospectively.","start":1305.55,"end":1306.55}]},{"text":"There's an example that we show in the report, which is around the United States decision in May 2024, which illustrates, I think, both recognition of the connection between these two issues, but also the limits of current practice.","start":1307.19,"end":1320.63,"topics":[{"key":"arms-embargoes","label":"Arms Transfer Restrictions and Embargoes","description":"The discussion reviewed cases where states suspended, denied, or limited transfers to parties involved in armed conflict, including examples related to Israel and other conflict situations. 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Protection of civilians was framed as both a humanitarian imperative and a legal obligation."}],"words":[{"text":"So","start":1321.27,"end":1321.43},{"text":"the","start":1321.43,"end":1321.51},{"text":"United","start":1321.51,"end":1321.91},{"text":"States","start":1321.91,"end":1322.23},{"text":"paused","start":1322.23,"end":1322.75},{"text":"a","start":1322.75,"end":1322.79},{"text":"shipment","start":1322.79,"end":1323.23},{"text":"of","start":1323.23,"end":1323.35},{"text":"approximately","start":1323.35,"end":1323.99},{"text":"3,500,","start":1323.99,"end":1325.91},{"text":"2,000","start":1326.15,"end":1326.79},{"text":"pound","start":1326.79,"end":1327.23},{"text":"and","start":1327.23,"end":1327.43},{"text":"500","start":1327.43,"end":1328.07},{"text":"pound","start":1328.07,"end":1328.63},{"text":"bombs","start":1328.63,"end":1329.27},{"text":"because","start":1329.87,"end":1330.27},{"text":"of","start":1330.27,"end":1330.39},{"text":"concerns","start":1330.39,"end":1330.87},{"text":"that","start":1330.87,"end":1330.99},{"text":"they","start":1330.99,"end":1331.11},{"text":"could","start":1331.11,"end":1331.27},{"text":"be","start":1331.27,"end":1331.35},{"text":"used","start":1331.35,"end":1331.75},{"text":"in","start":1331.75,"end":1331.91},{"text":"military","start":1331.91,"end":1332.39},{"text":"operations","start":1332.43,"end":1333.19},{"text":"in","start":1333.19,"end":1333.51},{"text":"densely","start":1333.51,"end":1333.91},{"text":"populated","start":1333.91,"end":1334.55},{"text":"Rafah.","start":1334.55,"end":1335.03}]},{"text":"That decision connected both the weapons characteristics, their likely use and anticipated risk to civilians.","start":1335.67,"end":1344.31,"topics":[{"key":"export-risk-assessment","label":"Export Risk Assessment","description":"Speakers emphasized that arms export decisions should include forward-looking assessments of whether weapons could be used to commit serious violations of international humanitarian or human rights law. 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The discussion considered what reported data can reveal about changing patterns in global arms flows, while also noting the limits of incomplete public reporting."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":1355.51,"end":1355.75},{"text":"substantial","start":1355.91,"end":1356.95},{"text":"US","start":1357.03,"end":1357.35},{"text":"transfers","start":1357.35,"end":1357.91},{"text":"to","start":1357.91,"end":1358.03},{"text":"Israel","start":1358.03,"end":1358.39},{"text":"has","start":1358.39,"end":1358.63},{"text":"continued.","start":1358.63,"end":1359.35}]},{"text":"These other states have put in place measures as well around exports, restrictions to Israel in relation to Israel's use in Gaza.","start":1361.11,"end":1370.87,"topics":[{"key":"arms-embargoes","label":"Arms Transfer Restrictions and Embargoes","description":"The discussion reviewed cases where states suspended, denied, or limited transfers to parties involved in armed conflict, including examples related to Israel and other conflict situations. 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Speakers argued that international agreements are more effective when their standards are applied together in national law, policy, and export decision-making."},{"key":"explosive-weapons","label":"Explosive Weapons in Populated Areas","description":"Several statements focused on the use of explosive weapons in cities, towns, and villages and the severe risks this poses to civilians. The discussion linked the ATT to the political declaration on explosive weapons in populated areas and examined how these issues should inform state practice."}],"words":[{"text":"So","start":1397.23,"end":1397.39},{"text":"many","start":1397.39,"end":1397.63},{"text":"of","start":1397.63,"end":1397.71},{"text":"the","start":1397.71,"end":1397.79},{"text":"states","start":1397.79,"end":1398.27},{"text":"that","start":1398.27,"end":1398.39},{"text":"have","start":1398.39,"end":1398.51},{"text":"signed","start":1398.51,"end":1398.91},{"text":"up","start":1398.91,"end":1398.99},{"text":"to","start":1398.99,"end":1399.07},{"text":"the","start":1399.07,"end":1399.19},{"text":"Arms","start":1399.19,"end":1399.47},{"text":"Trade","start":1399.47,"end":1399.71},{"text":"Treaty","start":1399.71,"end":1400.35},{"text":"are","start":1400.35,"end":1400.47},{"text":"also","start":1400.51,"end":1400.83},{"text":"signatories","start":1400.83,"end":1401.55},{"text":"to","start":1401.55,"end":1401.75},{"text":"the","start":1401.87,"end":1401.99},{"text":"political","start":1401.99,"end":1402.39},{"text":"declaration","start":1402.39,"end":1403.07},{"text":"on","start":1403.07,"end":1403.15},{"text":"protecting","start":1403.15,"end":1403.63},{"text":"civilians","start":1403.63,"end":1404.19},{"text":"from","start":1404.19,"end":1404.51},{"text":"explosive","start":1404.51,"end":1404.95},{"text":"weapons","start":1404.95,"end":1405.35},{"text":"in","start":1405.35,"end":1405.43},{"text":"populated","start":1405.43,"end":1406.03},{"text":"areas.","start":1406.03,"end":1406.59}]},{"text":"We've got 81 countries that are party to the ATT, either as state parties or as signatories, and have also endorsed the political declaration.","start":1408.19,"end":1416.35,"topics":[{"key":"treaty-synergies","label":"Synergies Between International Instruments","description":"A recurring theme was the need to connect rather than isolate different arms control and civilian protection frameworks, especially the ATT and the declaration on explosive weapons in populated areas. 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Speakers argued that international agreements are more effective when their standards are applied together in national law, policy, and export decision-making."}],"words":[{"text":"Yet","start":1416.75,"end":1416.95},{"text":"too","start":1416.95,"end":1417.15},{"text":"often","start":1417.15,"end":1417.55},{"text":"these","start":1417.55,"end":1417.75},{"text":"two","start":1417.75,"end":1417.95},{"text":"instruments","start":1417.95,"end":1418.47},{"text":"are","start":1418.47,"end":1418.55},{"text":"still","start":1418.55,"end":1418.83},{"text":"being","start":1418.83,"end":1419.23},{"text":"implemented","start":1419.39,"end":1420.07},{"text":"through","start":1420.07,"end":1420.27},{"text":"disconnected","start":1420.27,"end":1421.15},{"text":"policy","start":1421.15,"end":1421.55},{"text":"processes.","start":1421.55,"end":1422.35}]},{"text":"The Explosive Weapons Declaration strengthens recognition around the knowledge of the harm that is caused to civilians when explosive weapons are used in populated areas.","start":1423.15,"end":1434.43,"topics":[{"key":"explosive-weapons","label":"Explosive Weapons in Populated Areas","description":"Several statements focused on the use of explosive weapons in cities, towns, and villages and the severe risks this poses to civilians. The discussion linked the ATT to the political declaration on explosive weapons in populated areas and examined how these issues should inform state practice."},{"key":"civilian-protection","label":"Civilian Protection and Humanitarian Harm","description":"The proceeding repeatedly addressed the human cost of conflict, including civilian deaths and injuries, destruction of hospitals, schools, housing, and energy systems, and the long-term psychological and social effects on communities. 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Thank you, Laura.","start":1551.87,"end":1553.79,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":1551.87,"end":1552.07},{"text":"you,","start":1552.07,"end":1552.27},{"text":"Lyubov.","start":1552.35,"end":1552.83},{"text":"Thank","start":1552.83,"end":1553.07},{"text":"you,","start":1553.07,"end":1553.23},{"text":"Laura.","start":1553.23,"end":1553.79}]},{"text":"It's very helpful to make sure we don't look at the different international commitments and obligations in silos, but look for practical ways to bring them together.","start":1554.35,"end":1561.63,"topics":[{"key":"treaty-synergies","label":"Synergies Between International Instruments","description":"A recurring theme was the need to connect rather than isolate different arms control and civilian protection frameworks, especially the ATT and the declaration on explosive weapons in populated areas. 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And as you rightly indicated, analyzing the reports States parties to the ATT submit every year on their arms transfers is basically the ATT monitors bread and butter.","start":1613.95,"end":1627.71,"topics":[{"key":"transfer-transparency","label":"Transparency in Arms Transfer Reporting","description":"A major topic was how states report their arms exports and imports under the treaty, including the quality, timeliness, and public availability of annual and initial reports. 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Speakers also referred to the treaty’s future direction, including its role in shaping responsible arms transfer practices and an upcoming five-year strategy."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":1749.67,"end":1750.07},{"text":"while","start":1750.07,"end":1750.31},{"text":"the","start":1750.31,"end":1750.43},{"text":"number","start":1750.43,"end":1750.71},{"text":"of","start":1750.71,"end":1750.79},{"text":"states","start":1750.79,"end":1751.03},{"text":"parties","start":1751.03,"end":1751.39},{"text":"has","start":1751.39,"end":1751.51},{"text":"increased,","start":1751.51,"end":1751.99},{"text":"the","start":1751.99,"end":1752.15},{"text":"number","start":1752.15,"end":1752.39},{"text":"of","start":1752.39,"end":1752.47},{"text":"reports","start":1752.47,"end":1753.27},{"text":"continues","start":1753.43,"end":1753.95},{"text":"to","start":1753.95,"end":1754.03},{"text":"hover","start":1754.03,"end":1754.31},{"text":"somewhere","start":1754.31,"end":1754.63},{"text":"in","start":1754.63,"end":1754.71},{"text":"the","start":1754.71,"end":1754.79},{"text":"high","start":1754.79,"end":1754.95},{"text":"70s,","start":1754.95,"end":1755.71},{"text":"so","start":1755.71,"end":1755.79},{"text":"that's","start":1755.79,"end":1756.07},{"text":"why","start":1756.07,"end":1756.31},{"text":"the","start":1756.31,"end":1756.51},{"text":"overall","start":1756.51,"end":1756.87},{"text":"reporting","start":1756.87,"end":1757.27},{"text":"rate","start":1757.27,"end":1757.51},{"text":"has","start":1757.51,"end":1757.67},{"text":"decreased.","start":1757.67,"end":1758.23}]},{"text":"But I do have to nuance this a little bit.","start":1759.03,"end":1760.95,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"But","start":1759.03,"end":1759.15},{"text":"I","start":1759.15,"end":1759.19},{"text":"do","start":1759.19,"end":1759.35},{"text":"have","start":1759.35,"end":1759.59},{"text":"to","start":1759.59,"end":1759.67},{"text":"nuance","start":1759.67,"end":1759.99},{"text":"this","start":1759.99,"end":1760.23},{"text":"a","start":1760.23,"end":1760.27},{"text":"little","start":1760.27,"end":1760.55},{"text":"bit.","start":1760.55,"end":1760.95}]},{"text":"By our internal cutoff date, we actually had more reports this year than last year, so it's not all bad.","start":1761.27,"end":1767.27,"topics":[{"key":"transfer-transparency","label":"Transparency in Arms Transfer Reporting","description":"A major topic was how states report their arms exports and imports under the treaty, including the quality, timeliness, and public availability of annual and initial reports. 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Speakers stressed that stronger transparency supports accountability, public scrutiny, and confidence-building among states."}],"words":[{"text":"However,","start":1779.63,"end":1779.95},{"text":"one","start":1779.95,"end":1780.27},{"text":"development","start":1780.27,"end":1780.71},{"text":"that","start":1780.71,"end":1780.83},{"text":"we","start":1780.83,"end":1780.95},{"text":"do","start":1780.95,"end":1781.23},{"text":"find","start":1781.23,"end":1781.47},{"text":"rather","start":1781.47,"end":1781.71},{"text":"concerning","start":1781.71,"end":1782.35},{"text":"is","start":1782.35,"end":1782.59},{"text":"the","start":1782.59,"end":1782.71},{"text":"decrease","start":1782.71,"end":1783.23},{"text":"in","start":1783.23,"end":1783.35},{"text":"the","start":1783.35,"end":1783.43},{"text":"number","start":1783.43,"end":1783.75},{"text":"of","start":1783.75,"end":1783.87},{"text":"meaningfully","start":1783.87,"end":1784.43},{"text":"transparent","start":1784.43,"end":1785.15},{"text":"reports.","start":1785.15,"end":1785.79}]},{"text":"For 2024, only 26 states parties, or 23%, submitted reports that were sufficiently detailed to meet our threshold of meaningful transparency.","start":1786.35,"end":1795.31,"topics":[{"key":"transfer-transparency","label":"Transparency in Arms Transfer Reporting","description":"A major topic was how states report their arms exports and imports under the treaty, including the quality, timeliness, and public availability of annual and initial reports. 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see Isabelle Sacco of EFA.","start":2011.47,"end":2013.95,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":2011.47,"end":2011.63},{"text":"see","start":2011.63,"end":2012.19},{"text":"Isabelle","start":2012.19,"end":2012.83},{"text":"Sacco","start":2012.83,"end":2013.35},{"text":"of","start":2013.35,"end":2013.47},{"text":"EFA.","start":2013.47,"end":2013.95}]},{"text":"Please go ahead.","start":2014.35,"end":2015.31,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Please","start":2014.35,"end":2014.75},{"text":"go","start":2014.75,"end":2014.99},{"text":"ahead.","start":2014.99,"end":2015.31}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Paul Holtam","affiliation":"UNIDIR","affiliation_full":"UNIDIR","group":null,"function":"Head, Conventional Weapons Program"}},{"statement_number":9,"start":2018.99,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1l/k1l36mst06?t=2019","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Yes, thank you, thank you, good 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ask about the, talking about transparency, if you can say something on the level of transparency showed by European countries.","start":2024.83,"end":2036.67,"topics":[{"key":"transfer-transparency","label":"Transparency in Arms Transfer Reporting","description":"A major topic was how states report their arms exports and imports under the treaty, including the quality, timeliness, and public availability of annual and initial reports. 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Speakers stressed that stronger transparency supports accountability, public scrutiny, and confidence-building among states."}],"words":[{"text":"They","start":2278.15,"end":2278.31},{"text":"also","start":2278.31,"end":2278.55},{"text":"have","start":2278.55,"end":2278.71},{"text":"to","start":2278.71,"end":2278.79},{"text":"name","start":2278.79,"end":2279.03},{"text":"their","start":2279.03,"end":2279.19},{"text":"trading","start":2279.19,"end":2279.51},{"text":"partners.","start":2279.51,"end":2280.15}]},{"text":"So exactly where did those weapons go or from who were they imported?","start":2280.15,"end":2283.99,"topics":[{"key":"transfer-transparency","label":"Transparency in Arms Transfer Reporting","description":"A major topic was how states report their arms exports and imports under the treaty, including the quality, timeliness, and public availability of annual and initial reports. Speakers stressed that stronger transparency supports accountability, public scrutiny, and confidence-building among states."}],"words":[{"text":"So","start":2280.15,"end":2280.35},{"text":"exactly","start":2280.35,"end":2280.83},{"text":"where","start":2280.83,"end":2281.19},{"text":"did","start":2281.19,"end":2281.43},{"text":"those","start":2281.43,"end":2281.75},{"text":"weapons","start":2281.75,"end":2282.07},{"text":"go","start":2282.07,"end":2282.47},{"text":"or","start":2282.47,"end":2282.67},{"text":"from","start":2282.67,"end":2282.87},{"text":"who","start":2282.87,"end":2283.11},{"text":"were","start":2283.11,"end":2283.27},{"text":"they","start":2283.27,"end":2283.43},{"text":"imported?","start":2283.43,"end":2283.99}]},{"text":"Then we'd like to know whether the transfer data that they include in their reports concerns authorizations or actual transfers.","start":2284.87,"end":2293.35,"topics":[{"key":"transfer-transparency","label":"Transparency in Arms Transfer Reporting","description":"A major topic was how states report their arms exports and imports under the treaty, including the quality, timeliness, and public availability of annual and initial reports. 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Speakers stressed that stronger transparency supports accountability, public scrutiny, and confidence-building among states."}],"words":[{"text":"If","start":2308.19,"end":2308.35},{"text":"they","start":2308.35,"end":2308.51},{"text":"fulfill","start":2308.51,"end":2308.99},{"text":"all","start":2308.99,"end":2309.15},{"text":"five","start":2309.15,"end":2309.43},{"text":"of","start":2309.43,"end":2309.55},{"text":"these","start":2309.55,"end":2310.11},{"text":"criteria,","start":2310.59,"end":2311.23},{"text":"then","start":2311.23,"end":2311.47},{"text":"they","start":2311.47,"end":2311.63},{"text":"are","start":2311.63,"end":2311.79},{"text":"deemed","start":2311.79,"end":2312.27},{"text":"meaningfully","start":2312.35,"end":2312.83},{"text":"transparent.","start":2312.83,"end":2313.47}]},{"text":"Unfortunately, we have not yet been able to conduct this analysis for 2025.","start":2314.59,"end":2318.51,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Unfortunately,","start":2314.59,"end":2315.47},{"text":"we","start":2315.47,"end":2315.63},{"text":"have","start":2315.63,"end":2315.79},{"text":"not","start":2315.79,"end":2315.99},{"text":"yet","start":2315.99,"end":2316.11},{"text":"been","start":2316.11,"end":2316.27},{"text":"able","start":2316.27,"end":2316.51},{"text":"to","start":2316.51,"end":2316.63},{"text":"conduct","start":2316.63,"end":2316.95},{"text":"this","start":2316.95,"end":2317.07},{"text":"analysis","start":2317.07,"end":2317.51},{"text":"for","start":2317.51,"end":2317.63},{"text":"2025.","start":2317.63,"end":2318.51}]},{"text":"We usually do this at a later time in the year.","start":2318.51,"end":2320.51,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":2318.51,"end":2318.67},{"text":"usually","start":2318.67,"end":2318.99},{"text":"do","start":2318.99,"end":2319.15},{"text":"this","start":2319.15,"end":2319.31},{"text":"at","start":2319.31,"end":2319.43},{"text":"a","start":2319.43,"end":2319.47},{"text":"later","start":2319.47,"end":2319.71},{"text":"time","start":2319.71,"end":2319.99},{"text":"in","start":2319.99,"end":2320.07},{"text":"the","start":2320.07,"end":2320.15},{"text":"year.","start":2320.15,"end":2320.51}]},{"text":"just to give states parties a chance to submit their reports, even if they're late, because then we can go through all of them at once.","start":2321.35,"end":2329.11,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"just","start":2321.35,"end":2321.55},{"text":"to","start":2321.55,"end":2321.63},{"text":"give","start":2321.63,"end":2322.07},{"text":"states","start":2322.07,"end":2322.39},{"text":"parties","start":2322.39,"end":2323.03},{"text":"a","start":2323.03,"end":2323.19},{"text":"chance","start":2323.27,"end":2323.75},{"text":"to","start":2323.75,"end":2324.07},{"text":"submit","start":2324.23,"end":2324.71},{"text":"their","start":2324.71,"end":2324.83},{"text":"reports,","start":2324.83,"end":2325.27},{"text":"even","start":2325.27,"end":2325.51},{"text":"if","start":2325.51,"end":2325.59},{"text":"they're","start":2325.59,"end":2325.79},{"text":"late,","start":2325.79,"end":2326.15},{"text":"because","start":2326.63,"end":2327.03},{"text":"then","start":2327.03,"end":2327.27},{"text":"we","start":2327.27,"end":2327.43},{"text":"can","start":2327.43,"end":2327.55},{"text":"go","start":2327.55,"end":2327.99},{"text":"through","start":2327.99,"end":2328.27},{"text":"all","start":2328.27,"end":2328.43},{"text":"of","start":2328.43,"end":2328.51},{"text":"them","start":2328.51,"end":2328.63},{"text":"at","start":2328.63,"end":2328.71},{"text":"once.","start":2328.71,"end":2329.11}]},{"text":"So I'd urge you to keep up with us.","start":2329.67,"end":2331.99,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":2329.67,"end":2329.91},{"text":"I'd","start":2329.91,"end":2330.35},{"text":"urge","start":2330.39,"end":2330.63},{"text":"you","start":2330.63,"end":2330.79},{"text":"to","start":2330.79,"end":2331.23},{"text":"keep","start":2331.23,"end":2331.47},{"text":"up","start":2331.47,"end":2331.59},{"text":"with","start":2331.59,"end":2331.75},{"text":"us.","start":2331.75,"end":2331.99}]},{"text":"Next year, we'll have the answer to your question.","start":2331.99,"end":2333.91,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next","start":2331.99,"end":2332.31},{"text":"year,","start":2332.31,"end":2332.47},{"text":"we'll","start":2332.47,"end":2332.71},{"text":"have","start":2332.71,"end":2332.87},{"text":"the","start":2332.87,"end":2332.99},{"text":"answer","start":2332.99,"end":2333.27},{"text":"to","start":2333.27,"end":2333.35},{"text":"your","start":2333.35,"end":2333.51},{"text":"question.","start":2333.51,"end":2333.91}]},{"text":"Thank you.","start":2334.67,"end":2334.91,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":2334.67,"end":2334.83},{"text":"you.","start":2334.83,"end":2334.91}]},{"text":"We'll try.","start":2336.87,"end":2337.35,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We'll","start":2336.87,"end":2337.11},{"text":"try.","start":2337.11,"end":2337.35}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Alexandra Marksteiner","affiliation":"ATT Monitor","affiliation_full":"ATT Monitor","group":null,"function":"Research Associate"}},{"statement_number":14,"start":2340.15,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1l/k1l36mst06?t=2341","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"If I can add a couple of points.","start":2340.15,"end":2342.47,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"If","start":2340.15,"end":2340.59},{"text":"I","start":2340.59,"end":2340.63},{"text":"can","start":2340.63,"end":2340.87},{"text":"add","start":2340.87,"end":2340.99},{"text":"a","start":2340.99,"end":2341.03},{"text":"couple","start":2341.03,"end":2341.67},{"text":"of","start":2341.79,"end":2341.91},{"text":"points.","start":2341.91,"end":2342.47}]},{"text":"First to Isabel, in relation to the data from the European countries.","start":2342.87,"end":2349.11,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"First","start":2342.87,"end":2343.35},{"text":"to","start":2343.35,"end":2343.67},{"text":"Isabel,","start":2344.55,"end":2345.03},{"text":"in","start":2345.03,"end":2345.19},{"text":"relation","start":2345.19,"end":2345.75},{"text":"to","start":2345.75,"end":2345.91},{"text":"the","start":2345.91,"end":2346.03},{"text":"data","start":2346.07,"end":2346.55},{"text":"from","start":2346.55,"end":2347.11},{"text":"the","start":2347.59,"end":2347.71},{"text":"European","start":2347.71,"end":2348.47},{"text":"countries.","start":2348.47,"end":2349.11}]},{"text":"The European Union Group on Conventional Arms Export, so-called COARM, actually publishes data on licenses on exports from European states.","start":2350.31,"end":2361.95,"topics":[{"key":"transfer-transparency","label":"Transparency in Arms Transfer Reporting","description":"A major topic was how states report their arms exports and imports under the treaty, including the quality, timeliness, and public availability of annual and initial reports. Speakers stressed that stronger transparency supports accountability, public scrutiny, and confidence-building among states."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2350.31,"end":2350.43},{"text":"European","start":2350.63,"end":2351.27},{"text":"Union","start":2351.27,"end":2351.83},{"text":"Group","start":2352.47,"end":2352.87},{"text":"on","start":2352.87,"end":2353.03},{"text":"Conventional","start":2353.03,"end":2353.75},{"text":"Arms","start":2353.75,"end":2354.07},{"text":"Export,","start":2354.71,"end":2355.35},{"text":"so-called","start":2355.35,"end":2355.63},{"text":"COARM,","start":2355.63,"end":2356.55},{"text":"actually","start":2357.19,"end":2357.59},{"text":"publishes","start":2357.59,"end":2358.15},{"text":"data","start":2358.15,"end":2358.51},{"text":"on","start":2358.51,"end":2358.95},{"text":"licenses","start":2358.95,"end":2359.75},{"text":"on","start":2359.75,"end":2360.07},{"text":"exports","start":2360.07,"end":2360.71},{"text":"from","start":2360.71,"end":2361.03},{"text":"European","start":2361.03,"end":2361.51},{"text":"states.","start":2361.51,"end":2361.95}]},{"text":"So to reiterate what Alex was saying, those countries are among the most transparent in terms of publishing their licenses for exports.","start":2361.95,"end":2372.71,"topics":[{"key":"transfer-transparency","label":"Transparency in Arms Transfer Reporting","description":"A major topic was how states report their arms exports and imports under the treaty, including the quality, timeliness, and public availability of annual and initial reports. Speakers stressed that stronger transparency supports accountability, public scrutiny, and confidence-building among states."}],"words":[{"text":"So","start":2361.95,"end":2362.23},{"text":"to","start":2362.71,"end":2363.03},{"text":"reiterate","start":2363.27,"end":2363.75},{"text":"what","start":2363.75,"end":2363.99},{"text":"Alex","start":2364.03,"end":2364.31},{"text":"was","start":2364.31,"end":2364.47},{"text":"saying,","start":2364.47,"end":2364.95},{"text":"those","start":2365.99,"end":2366.39},{"text":"countries","start":2366.39,"end":2366.87},{"text":"are","start":2366.87,"end":2367.11},{"text":"among","start":2367.11,"end":2367.47},{"text":"the","start":2367.47,"end":2367.59},{"text":"most","start":2367.59,"end":2367.99},{"text":"transparent","start":2368.55,"end":2369.27},{"text":"in","start":2369.27,"end":2369.43},{"text":"terms","start":2369.43,"end":2369.83},{"text":"of","start":2369.83,"end":2370.07},{"text":"publishing","start":2370.07,"end":2370.63},{"text":"their","start":2370.63,"end":2370.83},{"text":"licenses","start":2370.83,"end":2371.59},{"text":"for","start":2371.67,"end":2372.07},{"text":"exports.","start":2372.15,"end":2372.71}]},{"text":"And to the gentleman in the room, regarding meaningfully transparent.","start":2374.07,"end":2379.75,"topics":[{"key":"transfer-transparency","label":"Transparency in Arms Transfer Reporting","description":"A major topic was how states report their arms exports and imports under the treaty, including the quality, timeliness, and public availability of annual and initial reports. 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The discussion linked the ATT to the political declaration on explosive weapons in populated areas and examined how these issues should inform state practice."},{"key":"civilian-protection","label":"Civilian Protection and Humanitarian Harm","description":"The proceeding repeatedly addressed the human cost of conflict, including civilian deaths and injuries, destruction of hospitals, schools, housing, and energy systems, and the long-term psychological and social effects on communities. Protection of civilians was framed as both a humanitarian imperative and a legal obligation."},{"key":"treaty-synergies","label":"Synergies Between International Instruments","description":"A recurring theme was the need to connect rather than isolate different arms control and civilian protection frameworks, especially the ATT and the declaration on explosive weapons in populated areas. 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The discussion linked the ATT to the political declaration on explosive weapons in populated areas and examined how these issues should inform state practice."}],"words":[{"text":"Within","start":2592.95,"end":2593.39},{"text":"that,","start":2593.39,"end":2593.59},{"text":"it","start":2593.59,"end":2593.67},{"text":"has","start":2593.67,"end":2593.83},{"text":"a","start":2593.83,"end":2593.91},{"text":"key","start":2593.91,"end":2594.15},{"text":"commitment","start":2594.15,"end":2594.71},{"text":"aimed","start":2594.71,"end":2595.03},{"text":"at","start":2595.03,"end":2595.11},{"text":"restricting","start":2595.11,"end":2595.91},{"text":"use","start":2595.91,"end":2596.47},{"text":"of","start":2596.59,"end":2596.79},{"text":"heavy","start":2596.79,"end":2597.07},{"text":"explosive","start":2597.07,"end":2597.55},{"text":"weapons","start":2597.55,"end":2598.07},{"text":"in","start":2598.07,"end":2598.31},{"text":"populated","start":2598.31,"end":2598.95},{"text":"areas,","start":2598.95,"end":2599.43},{"text":"towns","start":2599.43,"end":2600.07},{"text":"and","start":2600.11,"end":2600.23},{"text":"cities.","start":2600.23,"end":2600.79}]},{"text":"There are other international agreements relevant to conventional weapons, for example prohibitions on anti personnel landmines and cluster munitions, weapons that have particular wide area effects and are especially harmful to civilians, and these have had enormous positive benefits.","start":2601.35,"end":2618.87,"topics":[{"key":"civilian-protection","label":"Civilian Protection and Humanitarian Harm","description":"The proceeding repeatedly addressed the human cost of conflict, including civilian deaths and injuries, destruction of hospitals, schools, housing, and energy systems, and the long-term psychological and social effects on communities. 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Speakers argued that international agreements are more effective when their standards are applied together in national law, policy, and export decision-making."},{"key":"civilian-protection","label":"Civilian Protection and Humanitarian Harm","description":"The proceeding repeatedly addressed the human cost of conflict, including civilian deaths and injuries, destruction of hospitals, schools, housing, and energy systems, and the long-term psychological and social effects on communities. 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Thank you, Lyubov.","start":2821.23,"end":2822.83,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":2821.23,"end":2821.55},{"text":"you,","start":2821.55,"end":2821.67},{"text":"Laura.","start":2821.67,"end":2821.95},{"text":"Thank","start":2821.95,"end":2822.27},{"text":"you,","start":2822.27,"end":2822.35},{"text":"Lyubov.","start":2822.35,"end":2822.83}]},{"text":"I see Isabelle Sacco has her hand up once more, so I'd be happy to give you the floor again for follow-up questions as promised.","start":2823.95,"end":2832.51,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":2823.95,"end":2824.03},{"text":"see","start":2824.03,"end":2824.75},{"text":"Isabelle","start":2824.91,"end":2825.31},{"text":"Sacco","start":2825.31,"end":2825.71},{"text":"has","start":2825.71,"end":2825.87},{"text":"her","start":2825.87,"end":2825.99},{"text":"hand","start":2825.99,"end":2826.35},{"text":"up","start":2826.35,"end":2826.43},{"text":"once","start":2826.43,"end":2826.75},{"text":"more,","start":2826.75,"end":2827.03},{"text":"so","start":2827.03,"end":2827.31},{"text":"I'd","start":2827.31,"end":2827.51},{"text":"be","start":2827.51,"end":2827.59},{"text":"happy","start":2827.59,"end":2827.87},{"text":"to","start":2827.87,"end":2827.99},{"text":"give","start":2827.99,"end":2828.51},{"text":"you","start":2828.51,"end":2828.91},{"text":"the","start":2828.91,"end":2829.11},{"text":"floor","start":2830.27,"end":2830.55},{"text":"again","start":2830.55,"end":2830.75},{"text":"for","start":2830.75,"end":2830.99},{"text":"follow-up","start":2831.07,"end":2831.43},{"text":"questions","start":2831.43,"end":2831.83},{"text":"as","start":2831.83,"end":2831.95},{"text":"promised.","start":2831.95,"end":2832.51}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Paul Holtam","affiliation":"UNIDIR","affiliation_full":"UNIDIR","group":null,"function":"Head, Conventional Weapons Program"}},{"statement_number":19,"start":2834.07,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1l/k1l36mst06?t=2835","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Yes, thank you.","start":2834.07,"end":2834.91,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Yes,","start":2834.07,"end":2834.51},{"text":"thank","start":2834.51,"end":2834.75},{"text":"you.","start":2834.75,"end":2834.91}]},{"text":"Listen, I think that it would be interesting for us journalists is to understand Um, what this reporting process on arm exports show about the increase or decrease on global arm sales, you know, what it means, uh, for the current, um, conflict situation?","start":2836.03,"end":2859.31,"topics":[{"key":"transfer-transparency","label":"Transparency in Arms Transfer Reporting","description":"A major topic was how states report their arms exports and imports under the treaty, including the quality, timeliness, and public availability of annual and initial reports. 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These measures were presented as practical tools for responding to documented risks and testing the effectiveness of treaty-based norms."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":2963.63,"end":2963.79},{"text":"terms","start":2963.79,"end":2964.11},{"text":"of","start":2964.11,"end":2964.43},{"text":"transfers","start":2964.51,"end":2965.23},{"text":"to","start":2965.23,"end":2965.63},{"text":"Israel,","start":2965.87,"end":2966.51},{"text":"we","start":2966.59,"end":2966.75},{"text":"have","start":2966.75,"end":2966.91},{"text":"seen","start":2966.91,"end":2967.39},{"text":"Spain","start":2967.79,"end":2968.35},{"text":"that","start":2968.35,"end":2968.51},{"text":"approved","start":2969.43,"end":2969.87},{"text":"an","start":2969.87,"end":2970.03},{"text":"arms","start":2970.03,"end":2970.27},{"text":"embargo","start":2970.27,"end":2970.83},{"text":"on","start":2970.83,"end":2970.99},{"text":"Israel,","start":2970.99,"end":2971.47},{"text":"Slovenia","start":2971.47,"end":2972.11},{"text":"that","start":2972.11,"end":2972.27},{"text":"banned","start":2972.27,"end":2972.59},{"text":"arms","start":2972.59,"end":2972.83},{"text":"trade,","start":2972.83,"end":2973.23},{"text":"Canada","start":2973.87,"end":2974.43},{"text":"suspended","start":2974.43,"end":2975.07},{"text":"new","start":2975.07,"end":2975.39},{"text":"export","start":2975.39,"end":2975.91},{"text":"authorizations,","start":2975.91,"end":2976.83},{"text":"the","start":2977.39,"end":2977.51},{"text":"Netherlands","start":2977.51,"end":2978.11},{"text":"halted","start":2978.11,"end":2978.67},{"text":"exports","start":2978.75,"end":2979.31},{"text":"of","start":2979.31,"end":2979.63},{"text":"F-35","start":2980.07,"end":2980.91},{"text":"aircraft","start":2980.91,"end":2981.31},{"text":"components","start":2981.31,"end":2981.95},{"text":"directly","start":2981.95,"end":2982.59},{"text":"to","start":2982.59,"end":2982.83},{"text":"Israel.","start":2982.91,"end":2983.47}]},{"text":"Belgium prohibited the transit of equipment for Israel.","start":2983.95,"end":2987.79,"topics":[{"key":"arms-embargoes","label":"Arms Transfer Restrictions and Embargoes","description":"The discussion reviewed cases where states suspended, denied, or limited transfers to parties involved in armed conflict, including examples related to Israel and other conflict situations. These measures were presented as practical tools for responding to documented risks and testing the effectiveness of treaty-based norms."}],"words":[{"text":"Belgium","start":2983.95,"end":2984.39},{"text":"prohibited","start":2984.39,"end":2985.23},{"text":"the","start":2985.23,"end":2985.39},{"text":"transit","start":2985.39,"end":2986.19},{"text":"of","start":2986.43,"end":2986.59},{"text":"equipment","start":2986.59,"end":2987.23},{"text":"for","start":2987.23,"end":2987.39},{"text":"Israel.","start":2987.39,"end":2987.79}]},{"text":"And we also have heard some policy declarations or position of other states.","start":2988.43,"end":2995.71,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":2988.43,"end":2988.75},{"text":"we","start":2988.75,"end":2988.91},{"text":"also","start":2988.91,"end":2989.39},{"text":"have","start":2989.51,"end":2989.79},{"text":"heard","start":2989.79,"end":2990.19},{"text":"some","start":2990.75,"end":2991.15},{"text":"policy","start":2991.15,"end":2991.79},{"text":"declarations","start":2992.71,"end":2993.63},{"text":"or","start":2993.63,"end":2993.95},{"text":"position","start":2994.35,"end":2994.83},{"text":"of","start":2994.83,"end":2994.99},{"text":"other","start":2994.99,"end":2995.23},{"text":"states.","start":2995.23,"end":2995.71}]},{"text":"In the report, also in the chapter on explosive weapons in populated areas, we also mention some litigation cases that happened in relation to Israel in the Netherlands, this ongoing, and in the past in relation to transfer of arms to Saudi Arabia.","start":2998.67,"end":3018.35,"topics":[{"key":"explosive-weapons","label":"Explosive Weapons in Populated Areas","description":"Several statements focused on the use of explosive weapons in cities, towns, and villages and the severe risks this poses to civilians. The discussion linked the ATT to the political declaration on explosive weapons in populated areas and examined how these issues should inform state practice."},{"key":"arms-embargoes","label":"Arms Transfer Restrictions and Embargoes","description":"The discussion reviewed cases where states suspended, denied, or limited transfers to parties involved in armed conflict, including examples related to Israel and other conflict situations. 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And yes, I think just to reiterate, we're probably never going to get to 100 percent capture rate for every single transfer that's taken place in the world, especially considering that there are only, quote-unquote, 118 states parties to the ATT, so we don't cover the entire world.","start":3123.27,"end":3145.11,"topics":[{"key":"att-implementation","label":"Arms Trade Treaty Implementation","description":"Discussion centered on the current state of the Arms Trade Treaty, including compliance, national implementation, and efforts to universalize membership. Speakers also referred to the treaty’s future direction, including its role in shaping responsible arms transfer practices and an upcoming five-year strategy."},{"key":"transfer-transparency","label":"Transparency in Arms Transfer Reporting","description":"A major topic was how states report their arms exports and imports under the treaty, including the quality, timeliness, and public availability of annual and initial reports. 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you all for your attention, and goodbye.","start":3231.15,"end":3233.07,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":3231.15,"end":3231.35},{"text":"you","start":3231.35,"end":3231.43},{"text":"all","start":3231.43,"end":3231.51},{"text":"for","start":3231.51,"end":3231.63},{"text":"your","start":3231.63,"end":3231.75},{"text":"attention,","start":3231.75,"end":3232.19},{"text":"and","start":3232.19,"end":3232.31},{"text":"goodbye.","start":3232.75,"end":3233.07}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Paul Holtam","affiliation":"UNIDIR","affiliation_full":"UNIDIR","group":null,"function":"Head, Conventional Weapons Program"}}],"topics":[{"key":"arms-embargoes","label":"Arms Transfer Restrictions and Embargoes","description":"The discussion reviewed cases where states suspended, denied, or limited transfers to parties involved in armed conflict, including examples related to Israel and other conflict situations. These measures were presented as practical tools for responding to documented risks and testing the effectiveness of treaty-based norms."},{"key":"treaty-synergies","label":"Synergies Between International Instruments","description":"A recurring theme was the need to connect rather than isolate different arms control and civilian protection frameworks, especially the ATT and the declaration on explosive weapons in populated areas. Speakers argued that international agreements are more effective when their standards are applied together in national law, policy, and export decision-making."},{"key":"explosive-weapons","label":"Explosive Weapons in Populated Areas","description":"Several statements focused on the use of explosive weapons in cities, towns, and villages and the severe risks this poses to civilians. The discussion linked the ATT to the political declaration on explosive weapons in populated areas and examined how these issues should inform state practice."},{"key":"att-implementation","label":"Arms Trade Treaty Implementation","description":"Discussion centered on the current state of the Arms Trade Treaty, including compliance, national implementation, and efforts to universalize membership. Speakers also referred to the treaty’s future direction, including its role in shaping responsible arms transfer practices and an upcoming five-year strategy."},{"key":"civilian-protection","label":"Civilian Protection and Humanitarian Harm","description":"The proceeding repeatedly addressed the human cost of conflict, including civilian deaths and injuries, destruction of hospitals, schools, housing, and energy systems, and the long-term psychological and social effects on communities. Protection of civilians was framed as both a humanitarian imperative and a legal obligation."},{"key":"conflict-arms-trends","label":"Global Conflict and Arms Transfer Trends","description":"Speakers linked the treaty debate to a broader rise in armed conflicts, military spending, and the scale of reported international arms transfers. The discussion considered what reported data can reveal about changing patterns in global arms flows, while also noting the limits of incomplete public reporting."},{"key":"transfer-transparency","label":"Transparency in Arms Transfer Reporting","description":"A major topic was how states report their arms exports and imports under the treaty, including the quality, timeliness, and public availability of annual and initial reports. 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