Financing Migration for Sustainable Development - Goals Lounge

Welcome to Goals Lounge. It's great to be be with you in person and online. Thank you for joining us for this session on migration as a driving economic force. It's been a great experience co creating these dialogues with our IOM colleagues for us at UN Partnerships. Our goal is to foster and deepen collaborations and that often starts with an open conversation, one that we hope leads to scaling solutions. This high level dialogue will show how the Global Compact on Migration is more than a carefully balanced document. It's also an important instrument which can help weave together the threads of migration financing and sustainable development. So to get us started, I am very happy to welcome our moderator, Min Tu Pham.

And she is going to be joined

by Director General of iom, Amy Pope and Deputy Prime Minister Bark van de Brink of the Netherlands. Welcome.

Thanks so much.

Thank you.

Thank you.

All right, I think.

Great.

Good evening everyone. Welcome to the final dialogue of four dialogues on the Migration Solutions in Action series brought to you here in the Goals Lounge on a rainy day. But nonetheless, we have a lot of hope and sunshine in this room. And this is taking place in the margins of the International Migration Review Forum. So to help frame our discussion, I wanted to start with our two initial speakers with a couple of opening questions. So let me first introduce Amy Pope, who should not be a stranger to any of you, especially today. She's the Director General for the International Organization for Migration and the Coordinator of the UN Network on Migration. She's also the first woman to ever lead iom, and she's made it her mission to make sure that migration is reframed not as a crisis that we need to manage, but as a driver of development and then to help us make sure that we have the financing to make that happen. So Amy, why is it so important for us to have to convene this discussion today?

First of all, thank you so much for all of you are here today and for this conversation. And to our co host, the UN Office on Partnerships, who's long been a partner with IOM and others, and the United Kingdom, which is one of our biggest funders. Contributors to the United Nations Migration Multi Partner Trust Fund, which is the only interagency pooled fund that is specifically dedicated to migration. And the conversation that we're going to have here today is one of the most fundamental because we all know it's all about the money.

The money, the money.

When it comes right down to it, we have the right people in the room. We have governments, development finance institutions, our partners within the UN stakeholders In the room. This is exactly the mix that we need if we're going to have a serious conversation about how we move from commitments to implementation. And I'm really, really happy to see such strong senior level participation here with us today. Now, this is the final series in a broader series of discussions around the imrf. And I think ultimately it's about the money. The financing is going to determine if we can achieve what we aspire to achieve, what we all say we want to achieve on the ground, in the lives of real people. And at its core, really, it's about how we think about the issue of migration in many parts of the world. You see it, you see it, I see it. Migration is the defining issue. It's the defining political issue of our time. For so many countries, it's being framed as a security issue. For others, it's seen as a development opportunity. And whatever lens you're using, and there's truth in all of these different perspectives, migration is just not going to go away. It's a global reality. And what we see, because the evidence shows us this overwhelmingly, that when we can manage migration, when we do so in a way that is strategic and thoughtful, when we engage with partners across the spectrum, migration can be a force for development. It can catalyze real sustainable change. We see it in countries all over Europe. Migrants are filling labor opportunities, they are sending home remittances that are in the hundreds of billions of dollars. Which by the way, at a time when we're talking about cuts to development and humanitarian financing is key because migrants are making the money that are driving innovations at home. But yet we're financing migration in this really fragmented way. It's short term, it's reactive. We wait till there's a crisis and then we scramble to respond. We're under investing in the things that actually work. Strong systems, institutions, legal pathways, reliable data, long term planning. So that's where this trust fund can make a difference. It's the one entity that forces UN partners to work together, which is something I know everybody cares about. It's the one entity that helps us turn the commitments that you all are making as part of the GCM into something real. It delivers real progress in a joined up way. And today, by launching a new technical support window, we're giving you one more tool to make it that much easier to benefit from the fantastic work that's happening all around the world, bringing together all of our expertise. So this is a start. I sound very enthusiastic because I see the tremendous potential that exists. But I also Want to be clear, it is under financed. We got some good money, but it's not enough. It's still in the catalytic stage. So if we want to really supercharge progress, we need to get beyond the initial funding, which we appreciate, by the way. But it's still just initial funding and we need to grow it. We need to build much larger financing schemes. So that's the question for all of you here today. It's not about spending more. It's about investing in smarter ways. It's about investing in real solutions. It's about investing in people and their capacity to advance progress in every one of our communities around the world. So that's a pretty exciting thing to talk about.

I love it. Investing in solutions. That's fantastic. Congratulations. So joining her on stage is His Excellency Bart Van den Brink, the Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Asylum and Migration of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. Thank you for being here.

Thank you.

The Netherlands is a country that has long been a leading voice in multilateral migration governance. And so I wanted to ask you, why is it so important for you to be here today? And I think I heard that you might have some news for us.

Oh, yeah, we'll see, we'll see. Now, first of all, thank you for hosting this. And it's my first time here at the UN and I'm very impressed by all the motivational motivations of all the countries over here to deal with migration on a global level. So I'm very inspired also by all the talkings we had today and all the different perspectives that I hear about immigration. And the fund is very important because, please, political, we do it by words. But on the ground, you need money. And that's why you also mentioned that we need more money to tackle down some issues of migration. And annually, the Netherlands funded this fund with 2 million, but we will add it with 2.5 million. 2.4. Sorry, million.

Oh, wow.

My budget, My budget officer at home is now.

That's fine, it's fine.

It's around again because we were very committed to also what we discussed these days about the rule based approach. And I'm personally very committed because I want to tackle down the smuggle, the migrant smuggle, the trafficking with children, but with also vulnerable people. We see it around Europe, we see what happens at the sea and we have to tackle that down. So that's why I'm very motivated on it.

That's great. Thank you so much for this. And so what are you hoping at the end of this, Amy? Where would you like to see countries coming together to help to develop solutions for this. How can we work together?

So a couple of things. One is I think we need to take very seriously this comprehensive 360 degree approach that is embedded in the global compact for Safe, orderly and regular migration. No country can manage the issue of migration alone. No agency within the UN can manage the issue alone. No civil society partner can manage alone. So we all need to come together and finding financing that incentivizes parties to work together, that establishes clear objectives, clear KPIs, so we all know what we're trying to achieve and can be held accountable. I think that's the way forward.

Thank you so much. A question to you. How do you see what are the positive impacts of migration on societies? Was migration a force for good?

Yeah, we from a European perspective we have took a little of big debate on migration, but that's more on the, on how can we build up our society with all kind of pressures by budget, by people with all sort of needs of housing. That's. So that's a big debate in Europe and it's not over again yet. So the new pact in Europe is very important for us to get more grip on migration. But we are also searching for legal pathways for migration because we are an elderly society. So we need legal migration for the future on some topics, mainly on our economic economy, but maybe in the future also for other parts of society. And we have to bring that together. And the main question in it is how to integrate people into your society. Because migration without integration then we are losing our society.

And so why is it that the Netherlands decided to invest in these kinds of solutions through the multi partner partner trust fund?

Yeah, we are a partner at the UN many years and also on this migration. And we see what it can do on the ground with the projects as we've done the last years. And we see it as an obligation also to states around Europe who hasn't the same situation like we have in the Netherlands. So migration doesn't stop at the Dutch of the European border and there are a lot of vulnerable people out there. So we want to help.

Wonderful. Well, thank you so much. Thank you and congratulations. Thank you for your contribution and I hope that inspires others to do the same. Thank you. Okay, so we're now going to join ask our panelists to join us to the stage and go deeper into moving a conversation about moving from commitments to. To action. Let me introduce our panelists and ask them to come up. We have his Excellency Vusal Husenov, the Chief of State for Migration Service. From Azerbaijan we have His Excellency Johan Forcel, Sweden's Minister for Migration. In fact, I think I'm going to move here. And so then. Okay, great. And then we have Mr. Mokhtar Ahmed who is Bangladesh's Secretary, if you wouldn't mind.

Thank you.

Who is Bangladesh's Secretary of Ministry of. The Ministry of Expatriates, Welfare and Overseas Employment. Thank you so much for joining us. So Lusal Hussain, for Azerbaijan, this is the second time that your country has contributed to the Migration Multi Partner Trust Fund. As you're not a traditional donor country, it begs the question why has Azerbaijan prioritized this?

Well, first, thank you very much for inviting to this important event. Azerbaijan plays great importance to implementation of GCM. In fact, we incorporated GCM's major principles and objectives into national policymaking in migration area. So for us, implementation of GCM is a multidimensional process starting from the national efforts at national level or making a voluntary pledge, sharing of best practices via repository of practices and at the same time cooperating or contributing with mptf. And therefore for us it's a commitment. It's a testament of our commitment to implementation of GCM. And at the time, same same time it's our responsibility to make implementation of GCM in a global level. Apart from that, we should understand that GCMPTF is one of the core elements of technical assistance mechanism of GCM. And since first IMRF it proved itself very useful tool even with its current resources. So we think that it should expand and it should have more resources to help others because implementation of GCM sometimes we see that willingness is not enough. So sometimes you need the expertise, you need external support and Azerbaijan also takes part in this IMRF within the status of co Chair of Champion Countries Initiative and our aim for our chairmanship period also to make other countries also champion or to encourage them to empower or somehow contribute. And in that regard we also see a huge potential of mptf. We think that MPTF can be quite useful in this regard. And we also consider that if countries want to go beyond implementation of the GCM at the national level, it's an excellent tool and we think that it should be promoted. The countries should have a better understanding of the potential of MPTF and at the same time the benefits it can provide. So that's the reasons. So Azerbaijan takes part in this role and continuity of course is very important. So it's not just one time activity. We think that this process should be continuous and that's why we contributed. And probably we will make all our efforts to make this implementation successful and to have more or high number of champion countries in the future.

Great.

Thanks so much. It's great to hear. So, Minister Forsal, what does scaling up financing actually mean in practice? How do we connect instruments like the MPTF to larger development finance flows? And what's the role of donors?

Well, first and foremost, thank you very much for inviting me here today on this very important topic. And I also have an announcement to make. Perhaps you knew this already, but we are actually rejoining the trust fund now from Sweden this year and next year.

Oh

yes we are. And Sweden has for many years had a very generous view on development cooperation. But we truly believe it is a cooperation. Not really like the traditional view on it, like foreign aid or so, but there is a cooperation. But I also must be frank and say that there are no free lunches anymore. I mean, the needs are enormous. And there is also, from an economic point of view, many countries are struggling with the same, same kind of challenges. So it's really for all of us really believe in this work, believing in nations coming together. We also have a great responsibility to show results and to make very efficient use of all taxpayers money in that sense. So with these funds also comes great responsibilities for Sweden nowadays. Just to give you an example of how we're trying to handle this topic. First and foremost we are trying to to find synergies within our own. So for the first time now we are presenting a new migration strategy within our development cooperation. And that is in line with oda, for example. And I think that is important and that can handle the more complicated questions like returns, but also and perhaps first and foremost preventing people from having to flee. Of course this is something that we've not done before. We presented this strategy very recently as a five year term. So for the first time now we also have the financial resources here. In addition to that we need to do more in order to mobilize more private capital. I am an optimist. Before I had this portfolio I was minister for development cooperation and foreign trade. I believe that there are opportunities. I know that there are many private companies really wanting to invest in this area. But what we need to do, I believe is to find the kind of mechanism that are needed. The sad thing about this is in today's world we see all the friends shoring. We see a tendency for people to return back home to their home base. We see less of that free and open trade. I think we need to Invest even more in these kinds of mechanisms. Just to give you one example is that we are now within our government presenting what we call new export cross credit guarantees financed through some part of the development Corporation budget, making it easier for companies to invest in areas and in countries where they have traditionally not been part of. If we could reduce at least some of those risks with public funding, I'm not talking like 50 50, but perhaps 10 or 15 or 20% or so from the public side and then 80% from the private sector. I had these conversations with many Swedish CEOs and international CEOs and I think that is the kind of mechanism that are needed here. At the same time though, like I said, we're seeing more friendshoring. So the situation is more complicated than ever. But wouldn't it be not only fantastic but quite natural if more companies would invest in these areas making better use of their money? And the positive side of this is of course that in times where the Development Corporation budgets are shrinking, there is enormous amounts of private money out there of private capital. If we could just get hold of 1% of that in these kinds of operations, I think that would be an enormous step forward.

Yeah, that's great. Thank you so much for that. And I think if they also see that these kinds of investments will also have a return for them, then it's not just charity and that it's actually about their bottom line, that would be great. So, Mukhtar Ahmed, how do the current international financial financing alignment. I'm sorry, international financing align with your national migration priorities? And then after that I'm going to go to the floor for a question, then we'll come back to our conversation.

Okay, thank you very much. First of all, I would thank you for, for inviting me here in this grand session. And I would like to inform you that in Bangladesh the government is new, the ministry is new and I have just, I am also new. Just one month with one month experience. The question you have asked me is very interesting. It might not pinpoint to the, to your answers, but I would try to answer some of the priorities that we have. Actually the first of all, we have priority for the skill development. We have a reserver of workforce who have the potentialities but they need skills, they need trainings, they need some expertise. Once I think if they are trained, if they are made skilled and when they are sent abroad for employment or anything else they can do wonder. Some of the people who migrated are doing great jobs and we do have some very good market in different countries. So the first priority is for the skill development and the best investment is on skill development because you know that workforce, that's very important. So that is the priority. Second thing that we have is financing in labor market because labor market has a different dynamism, different equilibrium. And we need to assess actually that the demand of the receiving country and the preparation of the sending country. So there should be a good match of skills and the requirements. Once this is in place, it can serve as wonder, it can serve as magic. I believe the third point is about climate vulnerability. You know that Bangladesh, it is often, you know, affected by flood, by cyclones and you might have seen that it is a regular case of climate induced migration displacement of the migrant. Once there is a flood, it has, it inundates the whole region. And what happens that it has pressure on the livelihood, it has pressure on the habitats. And there is sort of slow migration, slow displacement which is not sometimes visible, but actually it sort of decay that happens inside the society. And statistics says that by 2050, 13 million people may be displaced because of this climate vulnerability. That is one of the most dangerous point in case of Bangladesh and where we need a very hefty amount of financing. That's important.

If you wouldn't mind. This is really important and I love that you've been able to pinpoint particular areas where this trust fund could help. And if you don't mind, I know that one of our speakers has to leave because I do want to come back to these issues. But let me just call on Elsbert Krone, who's the State Secretary for Development policy in Denmark. And Denmark happens to also be one of the co chairs for the steering committee. So let me just hand the floor over to you and then we'll come back to this. Go ahead please. Thank you so much. I think you're going to need to put that a little closer to you.

Is this better? Yes. So Denmark is a proud multi year donor to the trust fund and also a proud co chair of the steering committee. I do not have any announcements to make today because in Denmark we have a caretaker government. So I cannot make announcement on behalf of them. But I'm quite sure that our upcoming coalition government will also be supporting the migration agenda. So stay tuned. Denmark, in our view, we believe that to support the MPTF is the best way to support the migration agenda because it's indeed coordinated and it's a holistic approach and it's guided by the global compact, which is what we're all here for this week. And then final remark is That I agree very much with Amy Pope and other speakers here that it's all about the money, money, money. And now when we have Sweden here, also, to quote Abe, money, money, money.

Thank you, that's great. Oh, that's wonderful. I didn't realize you were going to go into ABBA and those songs today.

No singing from you?

No, just put on our disco boots and celebrate.

I wanted to go back to Midway.

Yeah, yeah.

I want to go back to our friend from. From Denmark. Denmark. Yeah. She says that money, money, yeah. You know, finance is the fuel of the vehicle. How if you don't have the finance, how can you go? Yeah, because we have so many points, we have so many, so many issues that need financing, that need direct financing.

Yeah.

But when you have a patient dying, you just have to give it, put in the saline on saline, otherwise it doesn't work. So there are some gray areas where you need immediate financing and that's very important. So climate vulnerability, that is another thing. And another thing is that protection of the migrants. Most often we see that the migrants, those who go there, they have some language barriers and sometimes they suffer from some legal constraints and they do not have the legal assistance and related issues, on related issues about their redressal of their, you know, complaints, they do not know the proper place station where they can lodge the complaint. When they can have the redressal, where can they have the remedy? So that's another thing where we need to invest the legal aid representative of that local country or an organization who could address, because they need some mechanism, language barrier is a factor. So there should be some mechanism for that. And that needs again financing for those people who are. Who need protection. And another thing is that reintegration, those who come back after longer because of workforce going there, after certain period of time, they come back. And when they come back, they face sort of crisis because once they have worked for maybe five or 10 years, they have different mentality, different outlet, different mindset. When they come back, they confront with financial constraints, they confront with housing constraints, and sometimes they don't find match back in the country, which profession they need to go or how they would be settled. Sometimes they are concerned about the education of their children, about housing, so many issues. So initially to reintegrate them in the society, financing is very important. And that time that works. And another thing is that the narrative of migrants, that we need to actually develop positive narratives about migrants, we have. Sometimes we have negative outlooks or we have a lens, security lens on the migrants rather than envisioning them as agents of contributors to the development of descending country. So that narrative is important. Once you have positive narratives, it works like magic. It can boost.

So let me come back to countries that have actually donated to this because the narrative and how you communicate the benefits of migration is I think, part and parcel of making the case to your citizens that that's a, that's a good investment of their, of their funds. How do you think about shaping the narrative and casting a positive narrative on the issue of migration, especially because it is somewhat controversial these days?

Well, that's actually a very difficult question, frankly speaking. And we were elected three and a half years ago on an agenda of actually reducing the immigration to Sweden, because what happened 10 years ago after the terrible warring crisis in Syria put us in a very complicated situation. But this is something that we're giving a lot of thought into and we are making the argument that we must never back down from this very simple principle that most people coming to Europe, they are honest people, they just want a better life, they want to contribute, they want to find a job, they are just like everyone else. And that is key. And we are always returning to that. On the other hand side, I think one other important aspect of this is also to make sure, for example, that if you commit a crime, and very few people obviously imgress do this, but there are some, you must always crack down on that. You cannot really try to avoid it, you need to address it. Because what happens otherwise is that there will be other political forces and they will say to the voters, well, you know what they are like, you know what's going on here. The traditional parties, they don't see this, they are actually lying to you. And what happens then is that there will be other political forces saying that we need to stop immigration 100%, we need less of multilateral cooperation, we don't need the U.N. what for, really? So I think for all of us that are somewhere in the political middle, I'm representing a center right government, I think is extremely important not only to shape the narrative of what's good, but also try to come up with serious answers to some of the challenges that are there. Because there are challenges, needless to say, I think that is the way forward. And in doing so, I'm an optimist. But if we shy away from that, I fear a situation like in some other countries where populist forces are very much on the move.

That's right. That's right. And I mean, even just hearing you say, you know, your priorities in Bangladesh that the first is skills building.

And then.

And you also mentioned being able to integrate migrants when they come back. So you know, the narrative of migrants going and maybe being a burden on a society and then staying where they go to rather than actually benefiting that society, providing skills that may not exist within that society and then being able to come back and even bring remittances and others back to their home countries is something I think oftentimes people don't think about when they think about the narrative of migrants. But how do you all think about making the changes?

Well, I absolutely agree with you that positive narratives are very important. Once people perceive migrant as a contributing to development, as bringing positive values into the society, of course in that case they will also act in expanding migration. I'm welcoming and contribute to speed integration of migrants. Of course that's something that lacks and we should work towards this. And this is in line of the government, I would say policies to attract high skilled talents from abroad. But in general I just absolutely agree with the colleagues. But I would like to say since we are talking about MPTF and I would like to say that maybe we need also positive narratives of MPTF project cases so that governments and member states understand and they also have this positive perception that the MPTF project to assist and change so that increase the number of people or the companies, private sector supporting the MPTF in general. Thank you.

Thank you so much. And I mean, I think that's the reason why we're here today is to really highlight the benefits and the solutions that it helps to support. So thank you so much. This has been a really great conversation as short as it has. And I hope that we do get to continue. Did you have a last comment?

I have one point to just finish the conclusion is what we need actually what is required regular migration pathway, Second regular migration pathway that is safe and very, you know, logical, reasonable. And when we have regular migration pathway, it means that we have to curb the irregular practices where there are different layers, different intermediaries and different sectors, different wasted quarters who need to be stopped for a regular pathway. And that is the last resort for a really meaningful migration. And about mppf, our colleagues say that this is really a very potential point. But at the same time I would say about the European Union Talent Partnership which is happening in Bangladesh, you know

about this, I would love to hear about it. I think we do have a couple of others that we run out of time. But let me just congratulate you and your new government. Already it sounds like you're wrapping your head around these pretty complicated issues. And it's really great to see and hopefully we can hear back from you again on how things have gone after you've gotten more fully up to speed. But thank you so much to our panelists.

Thank you for having us.

So last but not least, we have Mr. Abdul Salam Bello, who is the African Development Bank's president and lead advisor on policy and operations. And he is joining us by video from Abidjan. And it's nearly 11 o' clock actually later there. So I'm really grateful that he's able to join us just for a couple of minutes. And I think we will have to keep this pretty short. But go ahead, Abdul, and great to see you again.

Good afternoon and good evening.

Very glad to be here online.

Unfortunately, I couldn't be in person with you today in New York, which I deeply regret, I will say. But I appreciate the positive dialogue in the room and the energy. I heard a lot of things. Looking at this issue from the African Development bank perspective of of course we need also to look at how to address the issue of migration, force, displacement. I think panelists before me were quite clear about that. Looking at from MDB perspective and partnership, definitely there are a couple of elements we need to consider. First, what is assessment? I would say a structural fragmentation, the parallel systems that need to be articulated or put into synergy. Thinking about some of the instruments, the humanitarian grants, the technical assistance or the development finance, how we bring also the other institution together to leverage their respective comparative advantage on one hand, but also I would say their respective risk appetite. So the complementarity of it will become quite important between the African Development bank and the IUM. We have signed in 2025 a strategic MoU, which is the first ever strategic MOU that looks actually at those comparative advantages between the two the two institutions. Then talking about IFIs, MDBs, what are the buckets we can look at and consider? We can mention four of them. I will not go into detail for the sake of time. First, migration governance, so how to leverage upstream labor mobility. Looking at for instance in Africa, the Continental Free trade area, the regional economic communities, for instance. But and also one of the speaker before we mention the skills, how to make sure or invest in skills that are fit for the private sector going forward, especially in the respective countries. The third bucket I will mention is the development response, which speaks to some extent a paradigm shift. Especially we talk about displacement or forced displacement. I would say moving from shifting from the relief part to the development part and therefore Bridging everything from the relief to the development that will become important. Third bucket and I will stop here is the diaspora. Diaspora financing. The remittances can be also an important investment vehicle. You know the statistics, I will not repeat them. In some countries, remittances represent up to 20, 25% plus of the country's GDP. In some cases even they matches the ODA any even country receive. In some cases Even they are three to four times the allocation of some of the MDBs give for a period of three years. So there is a lot of resources that can be really thought through in terms of investment vehicle. That is the area I believe that we have also opportunity. I heard money, money, money. The money is there. The point is how to put it in a proper process to leverage investment going forward. I will stop here. Thank you.

Great. Thanks so much, Abdul. I think this conversation has made it really clear that the architecture for migration financing really does exist. The migration mptf, the technical support window, the emerging links to MDB investment, these aren't just ideas. These are actually mechanisms and instruments that are already working. But we need political will, we need money, money, money. We need the partnerships. So with that, let me invite James Kariuki, the Acting Permanent Representative from the United Kingdom, to join us for some closing reflections.

Thank you. Shall I? Yeah, actually, thanks very much. I'm just going to. I think I'm the last thing between you and the reception or your dinners this evening, so I'll just make it. I'll try to keep it brief, but obviously the UK is really proud to be co hosting this event. Migration is a. Is a big deal. It's a big policy for us, whether it's as an economic issue, as a security issue, as a development issue, as a social cohesion issue. And I think we've heard today that it's not all about the money, but money is a really central part of the story. So the discussion about bridging grant funding with development finance, including MDB investment, is really important. MDBs are major actors in supporting countries in how they manage economic migration and forced displacement. And MDVs can strengthen in a number of ways their support through applying a migration lens to investments in origin countries, through strengthening monitoring and impact evaluation of migration investments, and through enhancing strategic partnerships, including with unhcr, the IOM and with the mptf. I think we've heard today from a number of your speakers that the MPTF is the most credible, effective mechanism to bring funds together to implement the Global Compact. It provides member states with an opportunity to take a global approach to managing migration and to cooperate more closely with partners on migration. As a safe, orderly and regular activity, it provides the member states with flexibility with five thematic areas for activities from Board of Management to social cohesion and to address our respective interests under one coherent fund. So I'm going to join the group with something to say about funding. We recognize that funding is not enough and the sustainable funding is more important than ever. There are several programs already in the pipeline waiting to be funded to support implementation of the Global Compact. And the UK is delighted, therefore, to announce that our latest contribution to the MPTF, £500,000. That's about $680,000 in today's money. We're happy to join the group and we encourage funding from other donors as we go forward.

Great.

Thank you.

Great to hear.

All right, thanks so much. Well, I think this was a great conversation and congratulations. Let me invite everyone to join us at the reception here. And thanks so much for joining us.

Thank you.

Thanks so much.