{"disclaimer":"Transcripts available through this tool are created by using automatic speech recognition and are not official records nor official documents of the United Nations. Official records and official documents are available on the Official Document System of the United Nations.","url":"https://transcripts.un.org/en/asset/k1t/k1t48lttgq","llms":{"note":"Plain-text sibling of this page, compact for LLM context. 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as I expressed yesterday, I would also like to underline my sincere gratitude for the commitment, flexibility and constructive approach demonstrated by 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Speakers also discussed how to anchor the characterization within the scope, objectives, or application of the CCW."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":173.51,"end":173.63},{"text":"have","start":173.63,"end":173.83},{"text":"added","start":173.83,"end":174.47},{"text":"within","start":174.71,"end":175.19},{"text":"the","start":175.19,"end":175.27},{"text":"scope","start":175.27,"end":175.83},{"text":"of","start":175.87,"end":175.99},{"text":"the","start":176.03,"end":176.11},{"text":"application","start":176.11,"end":176.75},{"text":"of","start":176.75,"end":176.83},{"text":"the","start":176.83,"end":176.91},{"text":"CCW.","start":176.91,"end":177.75}]},{"text":"This is to reaffirm that this characterization falls within the scope of the application of the CCW, a matter that several delegations mentioned that is important to make explicit of the draft set of elements.","start":180.15,"end":194.63,"topics":[{"key":"laws-scope","label":"Scope of the LAWS Characterization","description":"Delegations debated how broadly lethal autonomous weapons systems should be characterized, including whether the text should remain a broad working characterization or be narrowed through exclusions. 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Speakers also discussed how to anchor the characterization within the scope, objectives, or application of the CCW."}],"words":[{"text":"With","start":199.19,"end":199.31},{"text":"regard","start":199.35,"end":199.63},{"text":"to","start":199.63,"end":199.75},{"text":"integrated","start":199.75,"end":200.39},{"text":"combination,","start":200.39,"end":201.11},{"text":"there","start":203.11,"end":203.27},{"text":"was","start":203.27,"end":203.51},{"text":"quite","start":203.51,"end":203.91},{"text":"some","start":203.91,"end":204.07},{"text":"discussion","start":204.07,"end":204.87},{"text":"on","start":204.87,"end":204.95},{"text":"this.","start":204.95,"end":205.35}]},{"text":"While I think we already agree on the substance, it's a functional integration, not necessarily a physical one.","start":205.47,"end":216.07,"topics":[{"key":"laws-scope","label":"Scope of the LAWS Characterization","description":"Delegations debated how broadly lethal autonomous weapons systems should be characterized, including whether the text should remain a broad working characterization or be narrowed through exclusions. Speakers also discussed how to anchor the characterization within the scope, objectives, or application of the CCW."}],"words":[{"text":"While","start":205.47,"end":205.83},{"text":"I","start":205.83,"end":205.99},{"text":"think","start":206.55,"end":207.03},{"text":"we","start":207.27,"end":207.67},{"text":"already","start":207.67,"end":208.23},{"text":"agree","start":208.23,"end":208.59},{"text":"on","start":208.59,"end":208.67},{"text":"the","start":208.67,"end":208.79},{"text":"substance,","start":208.79,"end":209.59},{"text":"it's","start":211.11,"end":211.39},{"text":"a","start":211.39,"end":211.43},{"text":"functional","start":211.43,"end":212.31},{"text":"integration,","start":212.31,"end":213.27},{"text":"not","start":213.67,"end":213.99},{"text":"necessarily","start":213.99,"end":214.95},{"text":"a","start":214.95,"end":214.99},{"text":"physical","start":214.99,"end":215.71},{"text":"one.","start":215.71,"end":216.07}]},{"text":"In case this remains unclear, I invite delegations to suggest text to resolve this matter.","start":217.91,"end":224.87,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":217.91,"end":218.15},{"text":"case","start":218.15,"end":218.71},{"text":"this","start":218.79,"end":219.11},{"text":"remains","start":219.11,"end":219.75},{"text":"unclear,","start":219.75,"end":220.63},{"text":"I","start":221.11,"end":221.35},{"text":"invite","start":221.35,"end":221.71},{"text":"delegations","start":221.71,"end":222.47},{"text":"to","start":222.47,"end":222.63},{"text":"suggest","start":222.63,"end":223.31},{"text":"text","start":223.31,"end":223.79},{"text":"to","start":223.79,"end":223.91},{"text":"resolve","start":223.91,"end":224.31},{"text":"this","start":224.31,"end":224.55},{"text":"matter.","start":224.55,"end":224.87}]},{"text":"We changed enable the system into can.","start":227.83,"end":231.11,"topics":[{"key":"critical-functions","label":"Critical Functions: Identify, Select and Engage","description":"Many statements focused on which functions should define autonomy in weapons systems, especially whether \"identify\" should be retained alongside \"select\" and \"engage.\" Delegations disagreed over a cumulative approach versus a broader formulation and used operational examples to clarify the implications."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":227.83,"end":227.99},{"text":"changed","start":227.99,"end":228.71},{"text":"enable","start":228.95,"end":229.59},{"text":"the","start":229.59,"end":229.67},{"text":"system","start":229.67,"end":230.31},{"text":"into","start":230.31,"end":230.51},{"text":"can.","start":230.55,"end":231.11}]},{"text":"This is a simplification streamlining to make clear that not only the technological components, but the system as a whole is capable of identify and/or selecting and engaging a target.","start":231.43,"end":243.43,"topics":[{"key":"critical-functions","label":"Critical Functions: Identify, Select and Engage","description":"Many statements focused on which functions should define autonomy in weapons systems, especially whether \"identify\" should be retained alongside \"select\" and \"engage.\" Delegations disagreed over a cumulative approach versus a broader formulation and used operational examples to clarify the implications."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":231.43,"end":231.67},{"text":"is","start":231.67,"end":231.99},{"text":"a","start":231.99,"end":232.03},{"text":"simplification","start":232.03,"end":233.03},{"text":"streamlining","start":233.03,"end":233.99},{"text":"to","start":234.23,"end":234.39},{"text":"make","start":234.39,"end":234.67},{"text":"clear","start":234.67,"end":235.11},{"text":"that","start":235.11,"end":235.39},{"text":"not","start":235.39,"end":235.59},{"text":"only","start":235.59,"end":235.91},{"text":"the","start":235.91,"end":236.03},{"text":"technological","start":236.03,"end":236.75},{"text":"components,","start":236.75,"end":237.43},{"text":"but","start":237.43,"end":237.63},{"text":"the","start":237.63,"end":237.75},{"text":"system","start":237.75,"end":238.31},{"text":"as","start":238.31,"end":238.47},{"text":"a","start":238.47,"end":238.55},{"text":"whole","start":238.55,"end":239.11},{"text":"is","start":239.11,"end":239.35},{"text":"capable","start":239.35,"end":240.11},{"text":"of","start":240.11,"end":240.31},{"text":"identify","start":240.31,"end":241.19},{"text":"and/or","start":241.19,"end":241.67},{"text":"selecting","start":241.67,"end":242.19},{"text":"and","start":242.19,"end":242.31},{"text":"engaging","start":242.31,"end":242.83},{"text":"a","start":242.83,"end":242.87},{"text":"target.","start":242.87,"end":243.43}]},{"text":"Speaking about identify and/or select and engage, I have deliberately refrained from making suggestions on this.","start":245.43,"end":254.95,"topics":[{"key":"critical-functions","label":"Critical Functions: Identify, Select and Engage","description":"Many statements focused on which functions should define autonomy in weapons systems, especially whether \"identify\" should be retained alongside \"select\" and \"engage.\" Delegations disagreed over a cumulative approach versus a broader formulation and used operational examples to clarify the implications."}],"words":[{"text":"Speaking","start":245.43,"end":245.95},{"text":"about","start":245.95,"end":246.47},{"text":"identify","start":246.55,"end":247.59},{"text":"and/or","start":247.59,"end":248.15},{"text":"select","start":248.15,"end":248.79},{"text":"and","start":248.87,"end":249.07},{"text":"engage,","start":249.07,"end":249.67},{"text":"I","start":251.27,"end":251.59},{"text":"have","start":251.59,"end":251.79},{"text":"deliberately","start":251.79,"end":252.71},{"text":"refrained","start":252.71,"end":253.11},{"text":"from","start":253.11,"end":253.31},{"text":"making","start":253.31,"end":253.67},{"text":"suggestions","start":253.67,"end":254.39},{"text":"on","start":254.39,"end":254.51},{"text":"this.","start":254.51,"end":254.95}]},{"text":"Because I first would like to continue the discussion with delegations on this paragraph.","start":255.35,"end":261.23,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Because","start":255.35,"end":255.75},{"text":"I","start":255.75,"end":255.99},{"text":"first","start":255.99,"end":256.55},{"text":"would","start":256.55,"end":256.67},{"text":"like","start":256.67,"end":256.95},{"text":"to","start":256.95,"end":257.07},{"text":"continue","start":257.11,"end":257.75},{"text":"the","start":257.75,"end":257.87},{"text":"discussion","start":257.87,"end":258.71},{"text":"with","start":258.79,"end":259.07},{"text":"delegations","start":259.07,"end":260.07},{"text":"on","start":260.19,"end":260.39},{"text":"this","start":260.39,"end":260.63},{"text":"paragraph.","start":260.63,"end":261.23}]},{"text":"In particular, I would like to invite delegations to reflect on identify and elaborate further on their understanding of identify specifically in relation to the other functions.","start":263.27,"end":278.95,"topics":[{"key":"critical-functions","label":"Critical Functions: Identify, Select and Engage","description":"Many statements focused on which functions should define autonomy in weapons systems, especially whether \"identify\" should be retained alongside \"select\" and \"engage.\" Delegations disagreed over a cumulative approach versus a broader formulation and used operational examples to clarify the implications."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":263.27,"end":263.47},{"text":"particular,","start":263.47,"end":264.19},{"text":"I","start":264.63,"end":264.79},{"text":"would","start":264.79,"end":264.95},{"text":"like","start":264.95,"end":265.19},{"text":"to","start":265.19,"end":265.31},{"text":"invite","start":265.31,"end":265.99},{"text":"delegations","start":265.99,"end":267.11},{"text":"to","start":267.35,"end":267.59},{"text":"reflect","start":267.59,"end":268.47},{"text":"on","start":268.71,"end":268.87},{"text":"identify","start":268.95,"end":270.07},{"text":"and","start":271.19,"end":271.51},{"text":"elaborate","start":271.51,"end":272.23},{"text":"further","start":272.23,"end":272.87},{"text":"on","start":273.03,"end":273.19},{"text":"their","start":273.19,"end":273.39},{"text":"understanding","start":273.39,"end":274.07},{"text":"of","start":274.07,"end":274.31},{"text":"identify","start":274.31,"end":275.35},{"text":"specifically","start":275.51,"end":276.71},{"text":"in","start":276.71,"end":276.87},{"text":"relation","start":276.87,"end":277.51},{"text":"to","start":277.75,"end":277.95},{"text":"the","start":277.95,"end":278.03},{"text":"other","start":278.03,"end":278.19},{"text":"functions.","start":278.19,"end":278.95}]},{"text":"And on the question whether we really need this as a threshold in a broad working characterization.","start":280.59,"end":287.07,"topics":[{"key":"laws-scope","label":"Scope of the LAWS Characterization","description":"Delegations debated how broadly lethal autonomous weapons systems should be characterized, including whether the text should remain a broad working characterization or be narrowed through exclusions. Speakers also discussed how to anchor the characterization within the scope, objectives, or application of the CCW."},{"key":"critical-functions","label":"Critical Functions: Identify, Select and Engage","description":"Many statements focused on which functions should define autonomy in weapons systems, especially whether \"identify\" should be retained alongside \"select\" and \"engage.\" Delegations disagreed over a cumulative approach versus a broader formulation and used operational examples to clarify the implications."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":280.59,"end":280.71},{"text":"on","start":280.71,"end":280.87},{"text":"the","start":280.87,"end":280.99},{"text":"question","start":280.99,"end":281.79},{"text":"whether","start":281.83,"end":282.23},{"text":"we","start":282.23,"end":282.35},{"text":"really","start":282.35,"end":282.75},{"text":"need","start":282.75,"end":283.31},{"text":"this","start":283.31,"end":283.71},{"text":"as","start":283.87,"end":284.15},{"text":"a","start":284.15,"end":284.19},{"text":"threshold","start":284.19,"end":284.87},{"text":"in","start":284.87,"end":285.07},{"text":"a","start":285.07,"end":285.11},{"text":"broad","start":285.11,"end":285.63},{"text":"working","start":285.63,"end":286.11},{"text":"characterization.","start":286.11,"end":287.07}]},{"text":"Because having identify, together with select and engage, especially in combination with two times and, the so-called cumulative approach, would significantly narrow down the scope of the characterization.","start":289.39,"end":305.95,"topics":[{"key":"laws-scope","label":"Scope of the LAWS Characterization","description":"Delegations debated how broadly lethal autonomous weapons systems should be characterized, including whether the text should remain a broad working characterization or be narrowed through exclusions. Speakers also discussed how to anchor the characterization within the scope, objectives, or application of the CCW."}],"words":[{"text":"Because","start":289.39,"end":289.79},{"text":"having","start":290.67,"end":291.15},{"text":"identify,","start":291.15,"end":291.95},{"text":"together","start":292.43,"end":292.87},{"text":"with","start":292.87,"end":293.07},{"text":"select","start":293.07,"end":293.59},{"text":"and","start":293.59,"end":293.75},{"text":"engage,","start":293.75,"end":294.43},{"text":"especially","start":294.99,"end":296.03},{"text":"in","start":296.03,"end":296.23},{"text":"combination","start":296.23,"end":297.15},{"text":"with","start":297.15,"end":297.39},{"text":"two","start":297.39,"end":297.87},{"text":"times","start":297.87,"end":298.51},{"text":"and,","start":298.59,"end":299.23},{"text":"the","start":299.63,"end":299.75},{"text":"so-called","start":299.79,"end":300.43},{"text":"cumulative","start":300.51,"end":301.23},{"text":"approach,","start":301.23,"end":301.95},{"text":"would","start":302.51,"end":302.67},{"text":"significantly","start":302.67,"end":303.63},{"text":"narrow","start":303.63,"end":304.03},{"text":"down","start":304.03,"end":304.27},{"text":"the","start":304.27,"end":304.35},{"text":"scope","start":304.35,"end":304.75},{"text":"of","start":304.75,"end":304.87},{"text":"the","start":304.87,"end":304.95},{"text":"characterization.","start":304.95,"end":305.95}]},{"text":"Is this really necessary since we also have para 3 explicitly outlining that a description is without prejudice to any future understanding and potential modification as well as the possible exclusion of certain types of systems?","start":307.51,"end":325.03,"topics":[{"key":"laws-scope","label":"Scope of the LAWS Characterization","description":"Delegations debated how broadly lethal autonomous weapons systems should be characterized, including whether the text should remain a broad working characterization or be narrowed through exclusions. Speakers also discussed how to anchor the characterization within the scope, objectives, or application of the CCW."}],"words":[{"text":"Is","start":307.51,"end":307.83},{"text":"this","start":307.83,"end":308.15},{"text":"really","start":308.15,"end":308.47},{"text":"necessary","start":308.47,"end":309.35},{"text":"since","start":309.67,"end":309.99},{"text":"we","start":309.99,"end":310.11},{"text":"also","start":310.11,"end":310.35},{"text":"have","start":310.35,"end":310.55},{"text":"para","start":310.55,"end":310.95},{"text":"3","start":310.95,"end":311.43},{"text":"explicitly","start":313.03,"end":313.91},{"text":"outlining","start":313.91,"end":314.71},{"text":"that","start":314.87,"end":315.11},{"text":"a","start":315.11,"end":315.15},{"text":"description","start":315.15,"end":315.91},{"text":"is","start":315.91,"end":316.07},{"text":"without","start":316.07,"end":316.63},{"text":"prejudice","start":316.63,"end":317.19},{"text":"to","start":317.19,"end":317.39},{"text":"any","start":317.51,"end":317.83},{"text":"future","start":317.83,"end":318.27},{"text":"understanding","start":318.27,"end":319.03},{"text":"and","start":319.03,"end":319.15},{"text":"potential","start":319.15,"end":319.71},{"text":"modification","start":319.71,"end":320.79},{"text":"as","start":321.19,"end":321.35},{"text":"well","start":321.35,"end":321.75},{"text":"as","start":321.75,"end":321.91},{"text":"the","start":321.91,"end":322.07},{"text":"possible","start":322.07,"end":322.55},{"text":"exclusion","start":322.55,"end":323.35},{"text":"of","start":323.35,"end":323.43},{"text":"certain","start":323.43,"end":323.83},{"text":"types","start":323.91,"end":324.31},{"text":"of","start":324.31,"end":324.39},{"text":"systems?","start":324.39,"end":325.03}]},{"text":"It might help to get a view from delegations with the aim to get a better understanding of the autonomous process.","start":326.95,"end":332.47,"topics":[{"key":"laws-scope","label":"Scope of the LAWS Characterization","description":"Delegations debated how broadly lethal autonomous weapons systems should be characterized, including whether the text should remain a broad working characterization or be narrowed through exclusions. Speakers also discussed how to anchor the characterization within the scope, objectives, or application of the CCW."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":326.95,"end":327.11},{"text":"might","start":327.11,"end":327.35},{"text":"help","start":327.35,"end":327.59},{"text":"to","start":327.59,"end":327.67},{"text":"get","start":327.67,"end":327.87},{"text":"a","start":327.87,"end":327.91},{"text":"view","start":327.91,"end":328.23},{"text":"from","start":328.23,"end":328.39},{"text":"delegations","start":328.39,"end":329.07},{"text":"with","start":329.07,"end":329.23},{"text":"the","start":329.23,"end":329.31},{"text":"aim","start":329.31,"end":329.51},{"text":"to","start":329.51,"end":329.71},{"text":"get","start":329.71,"end":329.91},{"text":"a","start":329.91,"end":329.95},{"text":"better","start":329.95,"end":330.35},{"text":"understanding","start":330.35,"end":330.99},{"text":"of","start":330.99,"end":331.11},{"text":"the","start":331.15,"end":331.23},{"text":"autonomous","start":331.23,"end":331.67},{"text":"process.","start":331.67,"end":332.47}]},{"text":"Also, by having a short discussion on the kind of systems that delegations would want to include or exclude by using or avoiding this term, and it could possibly help to reach a common understanding.","start":333.31,"end":347.47,"topics":[{"key":"laws-scope","label":"Scope of the LAWS Characterization","description":"Delegations debated how broadly lethal autonomous weapons systems should be characterized, including whether the text should remain a broad working characterization or be narrowed through exclusions. Speakers also discussed how to anchor the characterization within the scope, objectives, or application of the CCW."}],"words":[{"text":"Also,","start":333.31,"end":333.87},{"text":"by","start":333.87,"end":334.03},{"text":"having","start":334.03,"end":334.43},{"text":"a","start":334.43,"end":334.47},{"text":"short","start":334.47,"end":334.91},{"text":"discussion","start":334.91,"end":335.63},{"text":"on","start":335.63,"end":335.79},{"text":"the","start":335.79,"end":335.95},{"text":"kind","start":335.95,"end":336.31},{"text":"of","start":336.31,"end":336.43},{"text":"systems","start":336.43,"end":336.99},{"text":"that","start":336.99,"end":337.19},{"text":"delegations","start":337.19,"end":338.11},{"text":"would","start":338.51,"end":338.67},{"text":"want","start":338.67,"end":338.95},{"text":"to","start":338.95,"end":339.03},{"text":"include","start":339.03,"end":339.79},{"text":"or","start":340.19,"end":340.43},{"text":"exclude","start":340.51,"end":341.31},{"text":"by","start":341.39,"end":341.63},{"text":"using","start":341.63,"end":342.27},{"text":"or","start":342.27,"end":342.51},{"text":"avoiding","start":342.51,"end":343.07},{"text":"this","start":343.07,"end":343.31},{"text":"term,","start":343.31,"end":343.79},{"text":"and","start":344.43,"end":344.59},{"text":"it","start":344.59,"end":344.67},{"text":"could","start":344.67,"end":344.83},{"text":"possibly","start":344.83,"end":345.47},{"text":"help","start":345.47,"end":345.95},{"text":"to","start":346.03,"end":346.15},{"text":"reach","start":346.15,"end":346.43},{"text":"a","start":346.43,"end":346.47},{"text":"common","start":346.47,"end":346.75},{"text":"understanding.","start":346.75,"end":347.47}]},{"text":"Then, with regard to in the execution of these tasks, I decided to retain this for now, since several delegations have requested to keep a reference to the temporal dimension of autonomy.","start":351.23,"end":364.27,"topics":[{"key":"human-control","label":"Human Control and Temporal Aspects","description":"Speakers examined how to reflect human involvement in the operation of autonomous weapons, including references to human users, operators, control, and intervention. Several delegations also stressed the importance of timing, proposing language such as \"once activated\" or \"without further intervention\" to capture the temporal dimension of autonomy."}],"words":[{"text":"Then,","start":351.23,"end":351.71},{"text":"with","start":351.79,"end":352.07},{"text":"regard","start":352.07,"end":352.67},{"text":"to","start":353.23,"end":353.55},{"text":"in","start":353.55,"end":353.75},{"text":"the","start":353.75,"end":353.83},{"text":"execution","start":353.83,"end":354.63},{"text":"of","start":354.63,"end":354.75},{"text":"these","start":354.75,"end":354.99},{"text":"tasks,","start":354.99,"end":355.63},{"text":"I","start":356.35,"end":356.59},{"text":"decided","start":356.59,"end":357.07},{"text":"to","start":357.07,"end":357.27},{"text":"retain","start":357.27,"end":357.71},{"text":"this","start":357.71,"end":357.87},{"text":"for","start":357.87,"end":358.11},{"text":"now,","start":358.11,"end":358.43},{"text":"since","start":358.59,"end":358.95},{"text":"several","start":358.95,"end":359.35},{"text":"delegations","start":359.35,"end":360.03},{"text":"have","start":360.03,"end":360.27},{"text":"requested","start":360.27,"end":360.87},{"text":"to","start":360.87,"end":360.99},{"text":"keep","start":360.99,"end":361.39},{"text":"a","start":361.39,"end":361.43},{"text":"reference","start":361.43,"end":362.11},{"text":"to","start":362.11,"end":362.27},{"text":"the","start":362.27,"end":362.35},{"text":"temporal","start":362.35,"end":362.91},{"text":"dimension","start":362.91,"end":363.63},{"text":"of","start":363.63,"end":363.75},{"text":"autonomy.","start":363.75,"end":364.27}]},{"text":"The next para, para 2 now, is a new para and aims to resolve the issue of lethality.","start":371.52,"end":380.72,"topics":[{"key":"lethality-definition","label":"Definition of Lethality","description":"A central issue was whether and how to explain the term \"lethal\" in the draft text. Delegations discussed whether lethality should refer to capacity, capability, design, or intent, and whether it should cover killing, injury, and damage to objects."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":371.52,"end":371.68},{"text":"next","start":371.68,"end":372.24},{"text":"para,","start":372.24,"end":372.8},{"text":"para","start":373.84,"end":374.12},{"text":"2","start":374.12,"end":374.48},{"text":"now,","start":374.48,"end":374.8},{"text":"is","start":376.4,"end":376.64},{"text":"a","start":376.64,"end":376.68},{"text":"new","start":376.68,"end":376.96},{"text":"para","start":376.96,"end":377.52},{"text":"and","start":377.68,"end":378},{"text":"aims","start":378.24,"end":378.6},{"text":"to","start":378.6,"end":378.72},{"text":"resolve","start":378.72,"end":379.2},{"text":"the","start":379.2,"end":379.28},{"text":"issue","start":379.28,"end":379.76},{"text":"of","start":379.76,"end":379.92},{"text":"lethality.","start":379.92,"end":380.72}]},{"text":"During our discussion, There were delegations who indicated they would like to retain lethality as a qualifier of autonomous weapons systems, because it's also in the mandate, and there were those who would like to see it removed from the characterisation.","start":382.72,"end":398.39,"topics":[{"key":"lethality-definition","label":"Definition of Lethality","description":"A central issue was whether and how to explain the term \"lethal\" in the draft text. 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Delegations discussed whether lethality should refer to capacity, capability, design, or intent, and whether it should cover killing, injury, and damage to objects."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":399.43,"end":399.63},{"text":"compromise","start":399.63,"end":400.31},{"text":"might","start":400.31,"end":400.55},{"text":"be","start":400.55,"end":400.71},{"text":"to","start":400.71,"end":400.87},{"text":"retain","start":400.87,"end":401.43},{"text":"it","start":401.43,"end":401.67},{"text":"with","start":402.31,"end":402.59},{"text":"a","start":402.59,"end":402.63},{"text":"clear","start":402.63,"end":403.03},{"text":"explanation.","start":403.03,"end":403.99}]},{"text":"In this context, I would also again like to remind delegations that we are working on a broad working characterisation and not a narrow prohibition.","start":405.19,"end":413.99,"topics":[{"key":"laws-scope","label":"Scope of the LAWS Characterization","description":"Delegations debated how broadly lethal autonomous weapons systems should be characterized, including whether the text should remain a broad working characterization or be narrowed through exclusions. Speakers also discussed how to anchor the characterization within the scope, objectives, or application of the CCW."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":405.19,"end":405.35},{"text":"this","start":405.35,"end":405.59},{"text":"context,","start":405.59,"end":406.07},{"text":"I","start":406.07,"end":406.11},{"text":"would","start":406.11,"end":406.31},{"text":"also","start":406.31,"end":406.87},{"text":"again","start":406.87,"end":407.27},{"text":"like","start":407.27,"end":407.51},{"text":"to","start":407.51,"end":407.67},{"text":"remind","start":407.67,"end":408.11},{"text":"delegations","start":408.11,"end":408.95},{"text":"that","start":408.95,"end":409.19},{"text":"we","start":409.19,"end":409.39},{"text":"are","start":409.39,"end":409.47},{"text":"working","start":409.47,"end":409.95},{"text":"on","start":409.95,"end":410.07},{"text":"a","start":410.07,"end":410.15},{"text":"broad","start":410.15,"end":410.71},{"text":"working","start":410.87,"end":411.27},{"text":"characterisation","start":411.27,"end":412.31},{"text":"and","start":412.55,"end":412.75},{"text":"not","start":412.75,"end":412.87},{"text":"a","start":412.87,"end":412.95},{"text":"narrow","start":412.95,"end":413.35},{"text":"prohibition.","start":413.35,"end":413.99}]},{"text":"Having said that, I would now like you to consider the following text based on a combination of suggestions received from delegation, and I would read them as follows.","start":415.03,"end":427.59,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Having","start":415.03,"end":415.35},{"text":"said","start":415.35,"end":415.71},{"text":"that,","start":415.71,"end":416.07},{"text":"I","start":416.23,"end":416.47},{"text":"would","start":416.47,"end":416.71},{"text":"now","start":416.71,"end":416.95},{"text":"like","start":416.95,"end":417.35},{"text":"you","start":417.35,"end":417.51},{"text":"to","start":417.51,"end":417.71},{"text":"consider","start":417.75,"end":418.31},{"text":"the","start":418.31,"end":418.39},{"text":"following","start":418.39,"end":418.87},{"text":"text","start":418.87,"end":419.43},{"text":"based","start":419.67,"end":420.15},{"text":"on","start":420.15,"end":420.23},{"text":"a","start":420.23,"end":420.31},{"text":"combination","start":420.31,"end":420.95},{"text":"of","start":420.95,"end":421.03},{"text":"suggestions","start":421.03,"end":421.91},{"text":"received","start":421.91,"end":422.39},{"text":"from","start":422.39,"end":422.59},{"text":"delegation,","start":422.59,"end":423.43},{"text":"and","start":424.55,"end":425.11},{"text":"I","start":425.35,"end":425.47},{"text":"would","start":425.47,"end":425.75},{"text":"read","start":426.07,"end":426.35},{"text":"them","start":426.35,"end":426.59},{"text":"as","start":426.63,"end":426.95},{"text":"follows.","start":426.95,"end":427.59}]},{"text":"Para 2, for purposes of these elements of an instrument, lethal means weapons with the capacity to kill or injure one or more persons which includes weapons that can be used to damage or destroy objects.","start":429.11,"end":445.31,"topics":[{"key":"lethality-definition","label":"Definition of Lethality","description":"A central issue was whether and how to explain the term \"lethal\" in the draft text. Delegations discussed whether lethality should refer to capacity, capability, design, or intent, and whether it should cover killing, injury, and damage to objects."},{"key":"ihl-compliance","label":"International Humanitarian Law and Responsibility","description":"Delegations repeatedly linked the characterization of autonomous weapons to existing international humanitarian law, including protection of civilians, injury, attacks on objects, and accountability for use. Several speakers emphasized that human involvement and system design must preserve legal responsibility under IHL."}],"words":[{"text":"Para","start":429.11,"end":429.35},{"text":"2,","start":429.35,"end":429.67},{"text":"for","start":430.71,"end":430.95},{"text":"purposes","start":430.95,"end":431.75},{"text":"of","start":431.79,"end":431.91},{"text":"these","start":431.91,"end":432.23},{"text":"elements","start":432.23,"end":432.59},{"text":"of","start":432.59,"end":432.71},{"text":"an","start":432.71,"end":432.79},{"text":"instrument,","start":432.79,"end":433.59},{"text":"lethal","start":433.83,"end":434.47},{"text":"means","start":434.47,"end":435.03},{"text":"weapons","start":435.35,"end":435.99},{"text":"with","start":435.99,"end":436.19},{"text":"the","start":436.19,"end":436.27},{"text":"capacity","start":436.27,"end":437.03},{"text":"to","start":437.03,"end":437.27},{"text":"kill","start":437.27,"end":437.75},{"text":"or","start":437.75,"end":438.07},{"text":"injure","start":438.15,"end":438.79},{"text":"one","start":438.87,"end":439.27},{"text":"or","start":439.27,"end":439.51},{"text":"more","start":439.51,"end":439.75},{"text":"persons","start":439.75,"end":440.47},{"text":"which","start":440.87,"end":441.15},{"text":"includes","start":441.15,"end":441.79},{"text":"weapons","start":441.79,"end":442.35},{"text":"that","start":442.35,"end":442.59},{"text":"can","start":442.59,"end":442.79},{"text":"be","start":442.79,"end":442.95},{"text":"used","start":442.95,"end":443.43},{"text":"to","start":443.43,"end":443.51},{"text":"damage","start":443.51,"end":444.03},{"text":"or","start":444.03,"end":444.23},{"text":"destroy","start":444.23,"end":444.67},{"text":"objects.","start":444.75,"end":445.31}]},{"text":"The third paragraph remains unchanged for now.","start":447.47,"end":450.99,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":447.47,"end":447.63},{"text":"third","start":447.63,"end":448.03},{"text":"paragraph","start":448.03,"end":448.83},{"text":"remains","start":449.39,"end":449.95},{"text":"unchanged","start":449.95,"end":450.43},{"text":"for","start":450.43,"end":450.59},{"text":"now.","start":450.59,"end":450.99}]},{"text":"I feel that the current wording of the exclusion clause gives ample room to modify the characterization in the future.","start":451.87,"end":458.27,"topics":[{"key":"laws-scope","label":"Scope of the LAWS Characterization","description":"Delegations debated how broadly lethal autonomous weapons systems should be characterized, including whether the text should remain a broad working characterization or be narrowed through exclusions. 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Speakers also discussed how to anchor the characterization within the scope, objectives, or application of the 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concludes my introduction to box one.","start":481.35,"end":485.19,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":481.35,"end":481.67},{"text":"concludes","start":481.67,"end":482.39},{"text":"my","start":482.47,"end":482.79},{"text":"introduction","start":482.79,"end":483.75},{"text":"to","start":484.07,"end":484.19},{"text":"box","start":484.23,"end":484.71},{"text":"one.","start":484.79,"end":485.19}]},{"text":"With this, I would now like to open the floor to hear from delegates before we move on to box 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like to encourage you to try to engage with each other and address or suggest possible compromise 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on the flow of the discussions, we might also suspend the meeting to give delegations time to work in smaller groups on the different proposals and su- and suggestions that are on the 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me now open the floor.","start":512.59,"end":513.87,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Let","start":512.59,"end":512.79},{"text":"me","start":512.79,"end":512.91},{"text":"now","start":512.91,"end":513.15},{"text":"open","start":513.15,"end":513.47},{"text":"the","start":513.47,"end":513.55},{"text":"floor.","start":513.55,"end":513.87}]},{"text":"I recognize the distinguished representative of Austria, and the Chair is most grateful for him being the one to kick off this 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me again assure you, if you have an early intervention, you always have the right to come back later on to react to the others, so you are not giving away any advantage to 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as usually there is the question, is everyone in this room interpreting it the same way as you are 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maybe we can have this discussion and that will make it easier for us to work with this 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from other delegation.","start":826.43,"end":830.75,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"But","start":826.43,"end":826.63},{"text":"this","start":826.63,"end":826.83},{"text":"is","start":826.83,"end":827.15},{"text":"still","start":827.23,"end":827.71},{"text":"something","start":827.71,"end":828.19},{"text":"that","start":828.19,"end":828.35},{"text":"we","start":828.35,"end":828.47},{"text":"need","start":828.47,"end":828.63},{"text":"to","start":828.63,"end":828.83},{"text":"hear","start":829.55,"end":829.75},{"text":"from","start":829.75,"end":829.95},{"text":"other","start":829.95,"end":830.11},{"text":"delegation.","start":830.11,"end":830.75}]},{"text":"On the identify and or, uh, select, um, we could live with the current form- formulation because it, uh, puts the focus on the select, um, on the identify, we are having the same questions that you, uh, put to the floor, um, we are not, do not fully understand what this exclusion… And we have to be clear, this what is called now the cumulative approach that was, I think, originally it was intended to be a negative term, and now it's embraced by many.","start":833.19,"end":864.03,"topics":[{"key":"critical-functions","label":"Critical Functions: Identify, Select and Engage","description":"Many statements focused on which functions should define autonomy in weapons systems, especially whether \"identify\" should be retained alongside \"select\" and \"engage.\" Delegations disagreed over a cumulative approach versus a broader formulation and used operational examples to clarify the 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think what it does, it's limiting the scope of what we are discussing here.","start":864.03,"end":867.59,"topics":[{"key":"laws-scope","label":"Scope of the LAWS Characterization","description":"Delegations debated how broadly lethal autonomous weapons systems should be characterized, including whether the text should remain a broad working characterization or be narrowed through exclusions. 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Speakers also discussed how to anchor the characterization within the scope, objectives, or application of the CCW."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":870.59,"end":870.75},{"text":"know","start":870.75,"end":871.07},{"text":"that","start":871.07,"end":871.23},{"text":"many","start":871.23,"end":871.43},{"text":"delegations","start":871.43,"end":872.27},{"text":"would","start":872.27,"end":872.59},{"text":"prefer","start":872.59,"end":873.07},{"text":"to","start":873.07,"end":873.31},{"text":"exclude","start":873.31,"end":873.87},{"text":"systems","start":873.87,"end":874.35},{"text":"that","start":874.35,"end":874.51},{"text":"are","start":874.51,"end":874.67},{"text":"already","start":874.67,"end":875.07},{"text":"existing","start":875.07,"end":875.71},{"text":"or","start":875.71,"end":875.87},{"text":"that","start":875.87,"end":876.19},{"text":"maybe","start":876.35,"end":876.79},{"text":"are","start":876.79,"end":876.95},{"text":"under","start":876.95,"end":877.15},{"text":"development.","start":877.15,"end":877.87}]},{"text":"But we are not completely clear which systems are we talking about, what kind of functions do they have that would not render them being an autonomous weapon system, and for what kind of reason is this the case?","start":878.83,"end":894.83,"topics":[{"key":"critical-functions","label":"Critical Functions: Identify, Select and Engage","description":"Many statements focused on which functions should define autonomy in weapons systems, especially whether \"identify\" should be retained alongside \"select\" and \"engage.\" Delegations disagreed over a cumulative approach versus a broader formulation and used operational examples to clarify the implications."},{"key":"laws-scope","label":"Scope of the LAWS Characterization","description":"Delegations debated how broadly lethal autonomous weapons systems should be characterized, including whether the text should remain a broad working characterization or be narrowed through exclusions. 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are having some trouble understanding, and maybe it would be good to hear some concrete examples of what what states want to exclude if they identify.","start":896.19,"end":906.47,"topics":[{"key":"critical-functions","label":"Critical Functions: Identify, Select and Engage","description":"Many statements focused on which functions should define autonomy in weapons systems, especially whether \"identify\" should be retained alongside \"select\" and \"engage.\" Delegations disagreed over a cumulative approach versus a broader formulation and used operational examples to clarify the 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we look at it, I mean, the nearest possibility is that they want to exclude anything that does not have a target identification system.","start":906.87,"end":913.27,"topics":[{"key":"critical-functions","label":"Critical Functions: Identify, Select and Engage","description":"Many statements focused on which functions should define autonomy in weapons systems, especially whether \"identify\" should be retained alongside \"select\" and \"engage.\" Delegations disagreed over a cumulative approach versus a broader formulation and used operational examples to clarify the 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in our view, this would be highly illogical.","start":913.51,"end":915.67,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"But","start":913.51,"end":913.91},{"text":"in","start":913.91,"end":914.07},{"text":"our","start":914.07,"end":914.23},{"text":"view,","start":914.23,"end":914.39},{"text":"this","start":914.39,"end":914.55},{"text":"would","start":914.55,"end":914.71},{"text":"be","start":914.71,"end":914.79},{"text":"highly","start":914.79,"end":915.07},{"text":"illogical.","start":915.07,"end":915.67}]},{"text":"There is a range of weaponry that does not have this kind of sophisticated capability, but by logic, by technical capability, cannot be defined as anything else as an autonomous weapon system.","start":915.67,"end":928.31,"topics":[{"key":"critical-functions","label":"Critical Functions: Identify, Select and Engage","description":"Many statements focused on which functions should define autonomy in weapons systems, especially whether \"identify\" should be retained alongside \"select\" and 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this is a discussion also still to have.","start":928.71,"end":930.71,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":928.71,"end":928.87},{"text":"this","start":928.87,"end":929.07},{"text":"is","start":929.07,"end":929.19},{"text":"a","start":929.19,"end":929.23},{"text":"discussion","start":929.23,"end":929.75},{"text":"also","start":929.75,"end":929.99},{"text":"still","start":929.99,"end":930.31},{"text":"to","start":930.31,"end":930.39},{"text":"have.","start":930.39,"end":930.71}]},{"text":"Um, I think this is a good combination about from the ICRC proposal with also some, some other elements.","start":932.43,"end":940.55,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Um,","start":932.43,"end":932.47},{"text":"I","start":932.47,"end":932.63},{"text":"think","start":932.75,"end":933.03},{"text":"this","start":935.39,"end":935.55},{"text":"is","start":935.59,"end":935.83},{"text":"a","start":935.83,"end":935.91},{"text":"good","start":935.91,"end":936.07},{"text":"combination","start":936.07,"end":936.79},{"text":"about","start":936.79,"end":937.11},{"text":"from","start":937.11,"end":937.43},{"text":"the","start":937.43,"end":937.59},{"text":"ICRC","start":937.59,"end":938.27},{"text":"proposal","start":938.27,"end":938.83},{"text":"with","start":938.83,"end":938.95},{"text":"also","start":938.95,"end":939.19},{"text":"some,","start":939.19,"end":939.43},{"text":"some","start":939.51,"end":939.75},{"text":"other","start":939.75,"end":939.99},{"text":"elements.","start":939.99,"end":940.55}]},{"text":"Um, the only point that we are seeing is that maybe it's not the best way to define lethal, um, through the way of a weapon, but to define lethal as a capacity.","start":941.07,"end":950.55,"topics":[{"key":"lethality-definition","label":"Definition of Lethality","description":"A central issue was whether and how to explain the term \"lethal\" in the draft text. 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this is all from our side.","start":1031.35,"end":1034.11,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":1031.35,"end":1031.75},{"text":"this","start":1032.95,"end":1033.11},{"text":"is","start":1033.11,"end":1033.27},{"text":"all","start":1033.27,"end":1033.43},{"text":"from","start":1033.51,"end":1033.75},{"text":"our","start":1033.75,"end":1033.91},{"text":"side.","start":1033.91,"end":1034.11}]},{"text":"Thank you.","start":1034.55,"end":1034.83,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":1034.55,"end":1034.75},{"text":"you.","start":1034.75,"end":1034.83}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"AUT","group":null,"function":null,"affiliation_full":"Austria"}},{"statement_number":3,"start":1036.03,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1t/k1t48lttgq?t=17:17","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Let me thank the distinguished representative of Austria for sharing his views and making comments on the text 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to be followed by Cuba.","start":1044.83,"end":1050.19,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next","start":1044.83,"end":1045.11},{"text":"on","start":1045.11,"end":1045.19},{"text":"my","start":1045.19,"end":1045.31},{"text":"list","start":1045.31,"end":1045.71},{"text":"is","start":1045.71,"end":1046.11},{"text":"Brazil,","start":1046.19,"end":1046.99},{"text":"to","start":1048.91,"end":1049.07},{"text":"be","start":1049.07,"end":1049.23},{"text":"followed","start":1049.23,"end":1049.59},{"text":"by","start":1049.59,"end":1049.79},{"text":"Cuba.","start":1049.79,"end":1050.19}]},{"text":"But let me now pass the floor to the distinguished representative of 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debate.","start":1057.71,"end":1064.19,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":1057.71,"end":1058.03},{"text":"just","start":1058.67,"end":1058.99},{"text":"for","start":1059.07,"end":1059.31},{"text":"the","start":1059.31,"end":1059.39},{"text":"sake","start":1059.39,"end":1059.67},{"text":"of","start":1059.67,"end":1059.87},{"text":"engaging","start":1059.87,"end":1060.59},{"text":"in","start":1060.67,"end":1060.91},{"text":"this","start":1060.91,"end":1061.31},{"text":"interesting","start":1062.95,"end":1063.39},{"text":"debate.","start":1063.63,"end":1064.19}]},{"text":"I would also like to thank you for this alternative 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do think that the changes are positive.","start":1089.23,"end":1092.19,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":1089.23,"end":1089.47},{"text":"do","start":1089.47,"end":1089.71},{"text":"think","start":1089.71,"end":1089.91},{"text":"that","start":1089.91,"end":1090.11},{"text":"the","start":1090.19,"end":1090.43},{"text":"changes","start":1090.43,"end":1091.15},{"text":"are","start":1091.15,"end":1091.47},{"text":"positive.","start":1091.47,"end":1092.19}]},{"text":"especially with regard to the clarification in the beginning of paragraph one.","start":1093.75,"end":1099.15,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"especially","start":1093.75,"end":1094.51},{"text":"with","start":1094.51,"end":1094.83},{"text":"regard","start":1094.83,"end":1095.15},{"text":"to","start":1095.15,"end":1095.63},{"text":"the","start":1096.51,"end":1096.71},{"text":"clarification","start":1096.83,"end":1097.55},{"text":"in","start":1097.55,"end":1097.63},{"text":"the","start":1097.63,"end":1097.71},{"text":"beginning","start":1097.71,"end":1098.03},{"text":"of","start":1098.03,"end":1098.19},{"text":"paragraph","start":1098.19,"end":1098.75},{"text":"one.","start":1098.75,"end":1099.15}]},{"text":"And on the concept of lethality, I think that this formulation assuages a lot of the concerns that we heard in the initial rounds of discussions.","start":1100.59,"end":1111.23,"topics":[{"key":"lethality-definition","label":"Definition of Lethality","description":"A central issue was whether and how to explain the term \"lethal\" in the draft text. 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think the time is past for just general expressions of preference.","start":1201.23,"end":1206.99,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":1201.23,"end":1201.27},{"text":"think","start":1201.27,"end":1201.55},{"text":"the","start":1201.55,"end":1201.79},{"text":"time","start":1201.79,"end":1202.03},{"text":"is","start":1202.03,"end":1202.27},{"text":"past","start":1202.27,"end":1202.67},{"text":"for","start":1202.67,"end":1203.07},{"text":"just","start":1203.39,"end":1203.67},{"text":"general","start":1203.67,"end":1205.11},{"text":"expressions","start":1205.11,"end":1205.71},{"text":"of","start":1205.71,"end":1206.03},{"text":"preference.","start":1206.19,"end":1206.99}]},{"text":"We are not here to deal with national 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on my list is Cuba, to be followed by Ukraine, Pakistan and the Asia Pacific Institute.","start":1298.47,"end":1304.87,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next","start":1298.47,"end":1298.87},{"text":"on","start":1298.99,"end":1299.07},{"text":"my","start":1299.07,"end":1299.19},{"text":"list","start":1299.19,"end":1299.43},{"text":"is","start":1299.43,"end":1299.59},{"text":"Cuba,","start":1299.59,"end":1300.07},{"text":"to","start":1300.07,"end":1300.23},{"text":"be","start":1300.23,"end":1300.47},{"text":"followed","start":1300.47,"end":1301.07},{"text":"by","start":1301.07,"end":1301.51},{"text":"Ukraine,","start":1301.51,"end":1302.31},{"text":"Pakistan","start":1302.31,"end":1303.11},{"text":"and","start":1303.11,"end":1303.39},{"text":"the","start":1303.39,"end":1303.47},{"text":"Asia","start":1303.51,"end":1303.83},{"text":"Pacific","start":1303.83,"end":1304.27},{"text":"Institute.","start":1304.27,"end":1304.87}]},{"text":"But let me first pass the floor to Cuba.","start":1304.87,"end":1307.19,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"But","start":1304.87,"end":1305.07},{"text":"let","start":1305.07,"end":1305.19},{"text":"me","start":1305.19,"end":1305.31},{"text":"first","start":1305.31,"end":1305.59},{"text":"pass","start":1305.59,"end":1305.95},{"text":"the","start":1305.95,"end":1306.07},{"text":"floor","start":1306.07,"end":1306.47},{"text":"to","start":1306.47,"end":1306.71},{"text":"Cuba.","start":1306.71,"end":1307.19}]},{"text":"Madam, you have the 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we can align with the track that has taken in the first draft.","start":1323.99,"end":1332.47,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Overall,","start":1323.99,"end":1324.71},{"text":"we","start":1325.67,"end":1326.87},{"text":"can","start":1327.27,"end":1327.59},{"text":"align","start":1327.59,"end":1327.99},{"text":"with","start":1327.99,"end":1328.31},{"text":"the","start":1328.55,"end":1328.75},{"text":"track","start":1328.87,"end":1329.27},{"text":"that","start":1329.27,"end":1329.47},{"text":"has","start":1329.47,"end":1329.67},{"text":"taken","start":1329.67,"end":1330.31},{"text":"in","start":1330.31,"end":1330.43},{"text":"the","start":1330.43,"end":1330.55},{"text":"first","start":1330.55,"end":1330.83},{"text":"draft.","start":1331.67,"end":1332.47}]},{"text":"However, we would suggest some small amendments and In particular on 2, the characterization, lethal should refer not to weapon but to capacity, because other weapons can have the capacity to be 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Delegations discussed whether lethality should refer to capacity, capability, design, or intent, and whether it should cover killing, injury, and damage to objects."}],"words":[{"text":"However,","start":1332.55,"end":1333.19},{"text":"we","start":1334.55,"end":1334.87},{"text":"would","start":1334.87,"end":1335.27},{"text":"suggest","start":1335.35,"end":1336.35},{"text":"some","start":1336.35,"end":1336.55},{"text":"small","start":1336.55,"end":1336.87},{"text":"amendments","start":1336.87,"end":1337.67},{"text":"and","start":1339.27,"end":1339.67},{"text":"In","start":1344.19,"end":1344.35},{"text":"particular","start":1344.35,"end":1344.79},{"text":"on","start":1344.79,"end":1344.91},{"text":"2,","start":1344.91,"end":1345.47},{"text":"the","start":1345.47,"end":1345.63},{"text":"characterization,","start":1345.63,"end":1346.91},{"text":"lethal","start":1348.99,"end":1350.91},{"text":"should","start":1350.91,"end":1351.23},{"text":"refer","start":1351.23,"end":1351.55},{"text":"not","start":1351.55,"end":1351.83},{"text":"to","start":1351.83,"end":1351.91},{"text":"weapon","start":1351.91,"end":1352.27},{"text":"but","start":1352.27,"end":1352.55},{"text":"to","start":1352.55,"end":1352.67},{"text":"capacity,","start":1352.67,"end":1353.95},{"text":"because","start":1354.43,"end":1355.07},{"text":"other","start":1355.15,"end":1355.47},{"text":"weapons","start":1355.47,"end":1355.99},{"text":"can","start":1355.99,"end":1356.27},{"text":"have","start":1356.27,"end":1356.67},{"text":"the","start":1356.67,"end":1356.83},{"text":"capacity","start":1356.91,"end":1358.19},{"text":"to","start":1358.59,"end":1358.83},{"text":"be","start":1358.83,"end":1359.07},{"text":"lethal.","start":1359.07,"end":1359.71}]},{"text":"And in 3, we also believe that as well as the possible exclusion, that clause should be deleted.","start":1361.07,"end":1375.23,"topics":[{"key":"laws-scope","label":"Scope of the LAWS Characterization","description":"Delegations debated how broadly lethal autonomous weapons systems should be characterized, including whether the text should remain a broad working characterization or be narrowed through exclusions. 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those would be our comments at this stage as regards this text.","start":1455.39,"end":1462.07,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":1455.39,"end":1455.63},{"text":"those","start":1455.63,"end":1455.95},{"text":"would","start":1455.95,"end":1456.11},{"text":"be","start":1456.11,"end":1456.59},{"text":"our","start":1457.07,"end":1457.31},{"text":"comments","start":1457.31,"end":1457.75},{"text":"at","start":1457.75,"end":1457.83},{"text":"this","start":1457.83,"end":1458.19},{"text":"stage","start":1458.27,"end":1459.23},{"text":"as","start":1460.75,"end":1460.99},{"text":"regards","start":1460.99,"end":1461.43},{"text":"this","start":1461.43,"end":1461.63},{"text":"text.","start":1461.63,"end":1462.07}]},{"text":"Thank 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Pakistan.","start":1475.23,"end":1478.83,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next","start":1475.23,"end":1475.75},{"text":"on","start":1475.75,"end":1475.83},{"text":"my","start":1475.83,"end":1476.03},{"text":"list","start":1476.03,"end":1476.43},{"text":"is","start":1476.43,"end":1476.67},{"text":"Ukraine,","start":1476.75,"end":1477.31},{"text":"to","start":1477.31,"end":1477.39},{"text":"be","start":1477.39,"end":1477.55},{"text":"followed","start":1477.55,"end":1477.87},{"text":"by","start":1477.87,"end":1478.03},{"text":"Pakistan.","start":1478.03,"end":1478.83}]},{"text":"But let me first pass the floor to the distinguished representative of 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targets.","start":1548.43,"end":1554.43,"topics":[{"key":"critical-functions","label":"Critical Functions: Identify, Select and Engage","description":"Many statements focused on which functions should define autonomy in weapons systems, especially whether \"identify\" should be retained alongside \"select\" and \"engage.\" Delegations disagreed over a cumulative approach versus a broader formulation and used operational examples to clarify the implications."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":1548.43,"end":1548.59},{"text":"this","start":1548.59,"end":1548.83},{"text":"case,","start":1548.83,"end":1549.23},{"text":"it","start":1549.23,"end":1549.31},{"text":"will","start":1549.31,"end":1549.63},{"text":"be","start":1549.63,"end":1549.87},{"text":"build","start":1550.91,"end":1551.39},{"text":"bounding","start":1551.63,"end":1552.15},{"text":"boxing","start":1552.15,"end":1552.63},{"text":"for","start":1553.23,"end":1553.39},{"text":"different","start":1553.39,"end":1553.91},{"text":"targets.","start":1553.91,"end":1554.43}]},{"text":"After this, the system should be identified.","start":1555.23,"end":1557.87,"topics":[{"key":"critical-functions","label":"Critical Functions: Identify, Select and Engage","description":"Many statements focused on which functions should define autonomy in weapons systems, especially whether \"identify\" should be retained alongside \"select\" and \"engage.\" Delegations disagreed over a cumulative 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Several speakers emphasized that human involvement and system design must preserve legal responsibility under IHL."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":1567.35,"end":1567.59},{"text":"is","start":1567.59,"end":1567.67},{"text":"civilian","start":1567.67,"end":1568.63},{"text":"or","start":1568.63,"end":1568.79},{"text":"military","start":1568.87,"end":1569.35},{"text":"person.","start":1569.35,"end":1569.99}]},{"text":"This target was destroyed before or not and should be defeated.","start":1571.51,"end":1577.51,"topics":[{"key":"critical-functions","label":"Critical Functions: Identify, Select and Engage","description":"Many statements focused on which functions should define autonomy in weapons systems, especially whether \"identify\" should be retained alongside \"select\" and \"engage.\" Delegations disagreed over a cumulative approach versus a broader formulation and used operational examples to clarify the implications."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":1571.51,"end":1571.83},{"text":"target","start":1571.83,"end":1572.39},{"text":"was","start":1572.55,"end":1572.95},{"text":"destroyed","start":1573.03,"end":1573.67},{"text":"before","start":1573.67,"end":1574.39},{"text":"or","start":1574.71,"end":1575.11},{"text":"not","start":1575.27,"end":1575.75},{"text":"and","start":1575.91,"end":1576.23},{"text":"should","start":1576.23,"end":1576.51},{"text":"be","start":1576.51,"end":1576.95},{"text":"defeated.","start":1576.95,"end":1577.51}]},{"text":"It should be defeated, should be destroyed.","start":1580.83,"end":1583.51,"topics":[{"key":"ihl-compliance","label":"International Humanitarian Law and Responsibility","description":"Delegations repeatedly linked the characterization of autonomous weapons to existing international humanitarian law, including protection of civilians, injury, attacks on objects, and accountability for use. 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Delegations discussed whether lethality should refer to capacity, capability, design, or intent, and whether it should cover killing, injury, and damage to objects."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":1586.87,"end":1587.11},{"text":"regarding","start":1587.35,"end":1588.07},{"text":"sentence","start":1589.43,"end":1589.99},{"text":"number","start":1590.15,"end":1590.47},{"text":"two,","start":1590.47,"end":1590.87},{"text":"my","start":1591.59,"end":1591.83},{"text":"suggestion","start":1591.83,"end":1592.55},{"text":"is","start":1592.55,"end":1593.03},{"text":"replace","start":1593.19,"end":1593.91},{"text":"term","start":1594.07,"end":1594.39},{"text":"capacity","start":1594.39,"end":1595.19},{"text":"to","start":1595.19,"end":1595.43},{"text":"capability.","start":1595.43,"end":1596.39}]},{"text":"It's more better from military understanding.","start":1597.51,"end":1601.03,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"It's","start":1597.51,"end":1597.83},{"text":"more","start":1598.07,"end":1598.39},{"text":"better","start":1598.39,"end":1598.79},{"text":"from","start":1598.95,"end":1599.39},{"text":"military","start":1599.39,"end":1600.15},{"text":"understanding.","start":1600.23,"end":1601.03}]},{"text":"Thank you very much.","start":1601.27,"end":1602.07,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":1601.27,"end":1601.55},{"text":"you","start":1601.55,"end":1601.63},{"text":"very","start":1601.63,"end":1601.83},{"text":"much.","start":1601.83,"end":1602.07}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"UKR","group":null,"function":null,"affiliation_full":"Ukraine"}},{"statement_number":9,"start":1610.15,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1t/k1t48lttgq?t=26:51","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Let me thank the distinguished representative of Ukraine for commenting on the text proposed.","start":1610.15,"end":1617.07,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Let","start":1610.15,"end":1610.27},{"text":"me","start":1610.27,"end":1610.39},{"text":"thank","start":1610.39,"end":1610.59},{"text":"the","start":1610.59,"end":1610.67},{"text":"distinguished","start":1610.67,"end":1611.39},{"text":"representative","start":1611.51,"end":1612.15},{"text":"of","start":1612.15,"end":1612.27},{"text":"Ukraine","start":1612.27,"end":1612.99},{"text":"for","start":1613.39,"end":1613.79},{"text":"commenting","start":1614.83,"end":1615.55},{"text":"on","start":1615.55,"end":1615.95},{"text":"the","start":1615.95,"end":1616.11},{"text":"text","start":1616.11,"end":1616.43},{"text":"proposed.","start":1616.43,"end":1617.07}]},{"text":"Next on my list is Pakistan, to be followed by the Asia Pacific Institute, the ICRC, and 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floor.","start":1630.19,"end":1631.39,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Sir,","start":1630.19,"end":1630.51},{"text":"you","start":1630.51,"end":1630.67},{"text":"have","start":1630.67,"end":1630.91},{"text":"the","start":1630.91,"end":1630.99},{"text":"floor.","start":1630.99,"end":1631.39}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":null,"group":null,"function":"Chair","affiliation_full":null}},{"statement_number":10,"start":1632.75,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1t/k1t48lttgq?t=27:13","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Chair.","start":1632.75,"end":1633.47,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":1632.75,"end":1632.95},{"text":"you,","start":1632.95,"end":1633.07},{"text":"Chair.","start":1633.07,"end":1633.47}]},{"text":"Good morning, dear colleagues.","start":1633.71,"end":1634.99,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Good","start":1633.71,"end":1633.87},{"text":"morning,","start":1633.87,"end":1634.19},{"text":"dear","start":1634.19,"end":1634.39},{"text":"colleagues.","start":1634.39,"end":1634.99}]},{"text":"begin with, we would just like to echo the remarks of previous speakers in thanking you and your team for coming up with alternative 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before sharing our comments on this, we would also like to highlight our support to the approach that you have 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than proposing changes throughout the text in these two boxes in a significant manner, which would have been very difficult to follow, I think you have chosen those strategic places in the text which could help bring everyone closer to a point of 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that approach is very much appreciated, and we would encourage you and your team to follow the same approach throughout the course of this rolling 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the changes that you have proposed, I think that helps.","start":1688.87,"end":1694.55,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Regarding","start":1688.87,"end":1689.39},{"text":"the","start":1689.39,"end":1689.51},{"text":"changes","start":1689.51,"end":1690.07},{"text":"that","start":1690.07,"end":1690.31},{"text":"you","start":1690.31,"end":1690.47},{"text":"have","start":1690.47,"end":1690.95},{"text":"proposed,","start":1691.35,"end":1692.07},{"text":"I","start":1693.11,"end":1693.19},{"text":"think","start":1693.19,"end":1693.35},{"text":"that","start":1693.35,"end":1693.67},{"text":"helps.","start":1693.91,"end":1694.55}]},{"text":"add clarity in the text.","start":1695.03,"end":1696.71,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"add","start":1695.03,"end":1695.19},{"text":"clarity","start":1695.19,"end":1695.83},{"text":"in","start":1695.83,"end":1696.03},{"text":"the","start":1696.03,"end":1696.15},{"text":"text.","start":1696.15,"end":1696.71}]},{"text":"The phrase which says within the scope of the 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we can go along with the proposed formulation.","start":1807.11,"end":1810.71,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":1807.11,"end":1807.51},{"text":"we","start":1807.51,"end":1807.67},{"text":"can","start":1807.67,"end":1807.83},{"text":"go","start":1807.83,"end":1808.07},{"text":"along","start":1808.07,"end":1808.47},{"text":"with","start":1808.47,"end":1808.83},{"text":"the","start":1808.83,"end":1808.91},{"text":"proposed","start":1809.31,"end":1809.79},{"text":"formulation.","start":1809.79,"end":1810.71}]},{"text":"But having listened to the delegations of Austria, Brazil, and Cuba as well, I think dropping the word \"weapons\" and simply retaining with the capacity, the lethal means, the capacity, that could also very clearly convey the essence of this paragraph.","start":1811.67,"end":1830.67,"topics":[{"key":"lethality-definition","label":"Definition of Lethality","description":"A central issue was whether and how to explain the term \"lethal\" in the draft text. 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you once again.","start":1830.99,"end":1831.87,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":1830.99,"end":1831.23},{"text":"you","start":1831.23,"end":1831.31},{"text":"once","start":1831.31,"end":1831.55},{"text":"again.","start":1831.55,"end":1831.87}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"PAK","group":null,"function":null,"affiliation_full":"Pakistan"}},{"statement_number":11,"start":1846.08,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1t/k1t48lttgq?t=30:47","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Let me thank the distinguished representative of Pakistan for sharing his views and making 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you requested, we'll limit our comments to box one for now.","start":1881.43,"end":1885.11,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"As","start":1881.43,"end":1881.59},{"text":"you","start":1881.59,"end":1881.67},{"text":"requested,","start":1881.67,"end":1882.19},{"text":"we'll","start":1882.19,"end":1882.43},{"text":"limit","start":1882.43,"end":1882.79},{"text":"our","start":1882.79,"end":1882.87},{"text":"comments","start":1882.87,"end":1883.67},{"text":"to","start":1883.67,"end":1883.87},{"text":"box","start":1883.87,"end":1884.23},{"text":"one","start":1884.23,"end":1884.63},{"text":"for","start":1884.63,"end":1884.79},{"text":"now.","start":1884.79,"end":1885.11}]},{"text":"The characterization of laws in paragraph one is now qualified by the phrase within the scope of the application of the CCW.","start":1886.23,"end":1893.91,"topics":[{"key":"laws-scope","label":"Scope of the LAWS Characterization","description":"Delegations debated how broadly lethal autonomous weapons systems should be 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Speakers also discussed how to anchor the characterization within the scope, objectives, or application of the CCW."}],"words":[{"text":"Accordingly,","start":1939.83,"end":1940.55},{"text":"the","start":1940.55,"end":1940.75},{"text":"new","start":1940.75,"end":1941.03},{"text":"language","start":1941.03,"end":1941.67},{"text":"of","start":1941.67,"end":1941.79},{"text":"paragraph","start":1941.79,"end":1942.31},{"text":"1","start":1942.31,"end":1942.47},{"text":"does","start":1942.47,"end":1942.71},{"text":"not","start":1942.71,"end":1942.95},{"text":"seem","start":1942.95,"end":1943.15},{"text":"to","start":1943.15,"end":1943.31},{"text":"connect","start":1943.31,"end":1943.87},{"text":"the","start":1943.87,"end":1943.95},{"text":"characterization","start":1943.95,"end":1944.99},{"text":"of","start":1944.99,"end":1945.11},{"text":"laws","start":1945.11,"end":1945.59},{"text":"to","start":1945.99,"end":1946.15},{"text":"the","start":1946.15,"end":1946.27},{"text":"objectives","start":1946.27,"end":1946.91},{"text":"of","start":1946.91,"end":1947.03},{"text":"the","start":1947.03,"end":1947.11},{"text":"Convention,","start":1947.11,"end":1947.91},{"text":"nor","start":1948.55,"end":1948.79},{"text":"does","start":1948.79,"end":1948.95},{"text":"it","start":1948.95,"end":1949.11},{"text":"confine","start":1949.11,"end":1949.67},{"text":"this","start":1949.67,"end":1949.91},{"text":"characterization","start":1949.91,"end":1950.79},{"text":"to","start":1950.79,"end":1951.03},{"text":"the","start":1951.03,"end":1951.11},{"text":"discussions","start":1951.11,"end":1951.83},{"text":"occurring","start":1951.83,"end":1952.47},{"text":"within","start":1952.47,"end":1952.87},{"text":"the","start":1952.87,"end":1952.95},{"text":"GGE.","start":1952.95,"end":1953.75}]},{"text":"Yet, this appears to be the motivation for this revision.","start":1954.15,"end":1957.43,"topics":[{"key":"laws-scope","label":"Scope of the LAWS Characterization","description":"Delegations debated how broadly lethal autonomous weapons systems should be characterized, including whether the text should remain a broad working characterization or be narrowed through exclusions. Speakers also discussed how to anchor the characterization within the scope, objectives, or application of the CCW."}],"words":[{"text":"Yet,","start":1954.15,"end":1954.47},{"text":"this","start":1954.47,"end":1954.71},{"text":"appears","start":1954.71,"end":1955.11},{"text":"to","start":1955.11,"end":1955.23},{"text":"be","start":1955.23,"end":1955.43},{"text":"the","start":1955.43,"end":1955.55},{"text":"motivation","start":1955.55,"end":1956.31},{"text":"for","start":1956.31,"end":1956.59},{"text":"this","start":1956.59,"end":1956.87},{"text":"revision.","start":1956.87,"end":1957.43}]},{"text":"So we would suggest replacing the phrase \"within the scope of application of the CCW\" In its place, one option would be simply to use the formulation \"for the purposes of the CCW\".","start":1958.23,"end":1971.79,"topics":[{"key":"laws-scope","label":"Scope of the LAWS Characterization","description":"Delegations debated how broadly lethal autonomous weapons systems should be characterized, including whether the text should remain a broad working characterization or be narrowed through exclusions. Speakers also discussed how to anchor the characterization within the scope, objectives, or application of the CCW."}],"words":[{"text":"So","start":1958.23,"end":1958.39},{"text":"we","start":1958.39,"end":1958.55},{"text":"would","start":1958.55,"end":1958.79},{"text":"suggest","start":1958.79,"end":1959.35},{"text":"replacing","start":1959.35,"end":1959.91},{"text":"the","start":1959.91,"end":1960.07},{"text":"phrase","start":1960.07,"end":1960.63},{"text":"\"within","start":1960.63,"end":1961.03},{"text":"the","start":1961.03,"end":1961.11},{"text":"scope","start":1961.11,"end":1961.43},{"text":"of","start":1961.43,"end":1961.51},{"text":"application","start":1961.51,"end":1962.31},{"text":"of","start":1962.71,"end":1962.95},{"text":"the","start":1962.95,"end":1963.03},{"text":"CCW\"","start":1963.03,"end":1963.99},{"text":"In","start":1964.75,"end":1964.83},{"text":"its","start":1964.83,"end":1964.99},{"text":"place,","start":1964.99,"end":1965.55},{"text":"one","start":1965.87,"end":1966.27},{"text":"option","start":1966.27,"end":1966.83},{"text":"would","start":1966.83,"end":1966.99},{"text":"be","start":1966.99,"end":1967.23},{"text":"simply","start":1967.23,"end":1967.71},{"text":"to","start":1967.71,"end":1967.83},{"text":"use","start":1967.83,"end":1968.19},{"text":"the","start":1968.19,"end":1968.27},{"text":"formulation","start":1968.27,"end":1969.15},{"text":"\"for","start":1969.15,"end":1969.43},{"text":"the","start":1969.43,"end":1969.55},{"text":"purposes","start":1969.55,"end":1970.35},{"text":"of","start":1970.67,"end":1970.91},{"text":"the","start":1970.91,"end":1971.03},{"text":"CCW\".","start":1971.03,"end":1971.79}]},{"text":"An alternative would be to use a phrase that has been used by this group before, namely \"in the context of the objectives and the purposes of the Convention\".","start":1972.43,"end":1982.27,"topics":[{"key":"laws-scope","label":"Scope of the LAWS Characterization","description":"Delegations debated how broadly lethal autonomous weapons systems should be characterized, including whether the text should remain a broad working characterization or be narrowed through exclusions. Speakers also discussed how to anchor the characterization within the scope, objectives, or application of the CCW."}],"words":[{"text":"An","start":1972.43,"end":1972.59},{"text":"alternative","start":1972.59,"end":1973.47},{"text":"would","start":1973.55,"end":1973.71},{"text":"be","start":1973.71,"end":1973.87},{"text":"to","start":1973.87,"end":1973.99},{"text":"use","start":1973.99,"end":1974.31},{"text":"a","start":1974.31,"end":1974.35},{"text":"phrase","start":1974.35,"end":1974.83},{"text":"that","start":1974.83,"end":1974.99},{"text":"has","start":1974.99,"end":1975.23},{"text":"been","start":1975.23,"end":1975.47},{"text":"used","start":1975.47,"end":1975.87},{"text":"by","start":1975.87,"end":1976.03},{"text":"this","start":1976.03,"end":1976.27},{"text":"group","start":1976.27,"end":1976.63},{"text":"before,","start":1976.63,"end":1977.23},{"text":"namely","start":1977.47,"end":1978.11},{"text":"\"in","start":1978.27,"end":1978.51},{"text":"the","start":1978.51,"end":1978.63},{"text":"context","start":1978.63,"end":1979.31},{"text":"of","start":1979.31,"end":1979.47},{"text":"the","start":1979.47,"end":1979.59},{"text":"objectives","start":1979.59,"end":1980.35},{"text":"and","start":1980.35,"end":1980.59},{"text":"the","start":1980.59,"end":1980.67},{"text":"purposes","start":1980.67,"end":1981.39},{"text":"of","start":1981.39,"end":1981.55},{"text":"the","start":1981.55,"end":1981.67},{"text":"Convention\".","start":1981.67,"end":1982.27}]},{"text":"Turning now to paragraph 2, which contains an interesting proposal that could address the concerns that many delegations have about the term \"lethal\".","start":1983.87,"end":1993.55,"topics":[{"key":"lethality-definition","label":"Definition of Lethality","description":"A central issue was whether and how to explain the term \"lethal\" in the draft text. Delegations discussed whether lethality should refer to capacity, capability, design, or intent, and whether it should cover killing, injury, and damage to objects."}],"words":[{"text":"Turning","start":1983.87,"end":1984.23},{"text":"now","start":1984.23,"end":1984.43},{"text":"to","start":1984.43,"end":1984.51},{"text":"paragraph","start":1984.51,"end":1985.07},{"text":"2,","start":1985.07,"end":1985.67},{"text":"which","start":1985.67,"end":1985.95},{"text":"contains","start":1985.95,"end":1986.67},{"text":"an","start":1986.67,"end":1986.91},{"text":"interesting","start":1986.91,"end":1987.43},{"text":"proposal","start":1987.43,"end":1988.19},{"text":"that","start":1988.83,"end":1989.07},{"text":"could","start":1989.07,"end":1989.39},{"text":"address","start":1989.39,"end":1989.87},{"text":"the","start":1989.87,"end":1989.99},{"text":"concerns","start":1989.99,"end":1990.83},{"text":"that","start":1990.83,"end":1990.99},{"text":"many","start":1990.99,"end":1991.23},{"text":"delegations","start":1991.23,"end":1991.95},{"text":"have","start":1991.95,"end":1992.19},{"text":"about","start":1992.19,"end":1992.59},{"text":"the","start":1992.59,"end":1992.67},{"text":"term","start":1992.67,"end":1992.99},{"text":"\"lethal\".","start":1992.99,"end":1993.55}]},{"text":"But there seems to be a slight grammatical issue.","start":1994.35,"end":1996.71,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"But","start":1994.35,"end":1994.43},{"text":"there","start":1994.43,"end":1994.63},{"text":"seems","start":1994.63,"end":1994.83},{"text":"to","start":1994.83,"end":1994.91},{"text":"be","start":1994.91,"end":1995.07},{"text":"a","start":1995.07,"end":1995.11},{"text":"slight","start":1995.11,"end":1995.51},{"text":"grammatical","start":1995.51,"end":1996.23},{"text":"issue.","start":1996.23,"end":1996.71}]},{"text":"The word \"lethal\" is an adjective, so it cannot itself mean a weapon.","start":1997.51,"end":2001.51,"topics":[{"key":"lethality-definition","label":"Definition of Lethality","description":"A central issue was whether and how to explain the term \"lethal\" in the draft text. Delegations discussed whether lethality should refer to capacity, capability, design, or intent, and whether it should cover killing, injury, and damage to objects."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1997.51,"end":1997.63},{"text":"word","start":1997.63,"end":1997.91},{"text":"\"lethal\"","start":1997.91,"end":1998.31},{"text":"is","start":1998.31,"end":1998.47},{"text":"an","start":1998.47,"end":1998.63},{"text":"adjective,","start":1998.63,"end":1999.27},{"text":"so","start":1999.27,"end":1999.47},{"text":"it","start":1999.47,"end":1999.59},{"text":"cannot","start":1999.59,"end":2000.07},{"text":"itself","start":2000.07,"end":2000.63},{"text":"mean","start":2000.63,"end":2000.95},{"text":"a","start":2000.95,"end":2000.99},{"text":"weapon.","start":2000.99,"end":2001.51}]},{"text":"It can only characterize a weapon.","start":2001.51,"end":2003.43,"topics":[{"key":"lethality-definition","label":"Definition of Lethality","description":"A central issue was whether and how to explain the term \"lethal\" in the draft text. Delegations discussed whether lethality should refer to capacity, capability, design, or intent, and whether it should cover killing, injury, and damage to objects."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":2001.51,"end":2001.71},{"text":"can","start":2001.71,"end":2001.91},{"text":"only","start":2001.91,"end":2002.15},{"text":"characterize","start":2002.15,"end":2002.95},{"text":"a","start":2002.95,"end":2003.03},{"text":"weapon.","start":2003.03,"end":2003.43}]},{"text":"Therefore, the word \"weapon\" should be inserted after the word \"lethal\".","start":2004.07,"end":2007.91,"topics":[{"key":"lethality-definition","label":"Definition of Lethality","description":"A central issue was whether and how to explain the term \"lethal\" in the draft text. Delegations discussed whether lethality should refer to capacity, capability, design, or intent, and whether it should cover killing, injury, and damage to objects."}],"words":[{"text":"Therefore,","start":2004.07,"end":2004.55},{"text":"the","start":2004.55,"end":2004.67},{"text":"word","start":2004.67,"end":2004.95},{"text":"\"weapon\"","start":2004.95,"end":2005.43},{"text":"should","start":2005.43,"end":2005.67},{"text":"be","start":2005.67,"end":2005.87},{"text":"inserted","start":2005.87,"end":2006.63},{"text":"after","start":2006.71,"end":2007.03},{"text":"the","start":2007.03,"end":2007.11},{"text":"word","start":2007.11,"end":2007.39},{"text":"\"lethal\".","start":2007.39,"end":2007.91}]},{"text":"The paragraph would then read, \"For purposes of these elements of an instrument, lethal weapons mean weapons with the capacity to\" and so on.","start":2008.39,"end":2017.19,"topics":[{"key":"lethality-definition","label":"Definition of Lethality","description":"A central issue was whether and how to explain the term \"lethal\" in the draft text. Delegations discussed whether lethality should refer to capacity, capability, design, or intent, and whether it should cover killing, injury, and damage to 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you, Chair.","start":2017.51,"end":2018.03,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":2017.51,"end":2017.71},{"text":"you,","start":2017.71,"end":2017.79},{"text":"Chair.","start":2017.79,"end":2018.03}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":null,"group":null,"function":null,"affiliation_full":null}},{"statement_number":13,"start":2032.47,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1t/k1t48lttgq?t=33:53","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Let me thank the representative of the Asia Pacific Institute for his comments and text suggestions.","start":2032.47,"end":2038.39,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Let","start":2032.47,"end":2032.59},{"text":"me","start":2032.59,"end":2032.79},{"text":"thank","start":2032.79,"end":2033.11},{"text":"the","start":2033.11,"end":2033.23},{"text":"representative","start":2033.51,"end":2034.31},{"text":"of","start":2034.31,"end":2034.39},{"text":"the","start":2034.39,"end":2034.47},{"text":"Asia","start":2034.47,"end":2034.79},{"text":"Pacific","start":2034.79,"end":2035.27},{"text":"Institute","start":2035.27,"end":2035.75},{"text":"for","start":2035.75,"end":2035.99},{"text":"his","start":2035.99,"end":2036.15},{"text":"comments","start":2036.15,"end":2036.55},{"text":"and","start":2036.55,"end":2037.31},{"text":"text","start":2037.31,"end":2037.55},{"text":"suggestions.","start":2037.55,"end":2038.39}]},{"text":"Next on my list is the ICRC, to be followed by Israel, Ireland, Singapore.","start":2039.67,"end":2045.11,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next","start":2039.67,"end":2039.95},{"text":"on","start":2039.95,"end":2040.03},{"text":"my","start":2040.03,"end":2040.15},{"text":"list","start":2040.15,"end":2040.79},{"text":"is","start":2040.95,"end":2041.23},{"text":"the","start":2041.23,"end":2041.31},{"text":"ICRC,","start":2041.35,"end":2042.07},{"text":"to","start":2042.07,"end":2042.23},{"text":"be","start":2042.23,"end":2042.47},{"text":"followed","start":2042.47,"end":2043.11},{"text":"by","start":2043.11,"end":2043.43},{"text":"Israel,","start":2043.43,"end":2044.07},{"text":"Ireland,","start":2044.07,"end":2044.51},{"text":"Singapore.","start":2044.51,"end":2045.11}]},{"text":"But first, let me pass the floor to the distinguished representative of the ICRC.","start":2045.39,"end":2049.19,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"But","start":2045.39,"end":2045.59},{"text":"first,","start":2045.59,"end":2045.83},{"text":"let","start":2045.83,"end":2045.95},{"text":"me","start":2045.95,"end":2046.15},{"text":"pass","start":2046.15,"end":2046.39},{"text":"the","start":2046.39,"end":2046.47},{"text":"floor","start":2046.47,"end":2046.71},{"text":"to","start":2046.71,"end":2046.87},{"text":"the","start":2046.87,"end":2046.95},{"text":"distinguished","start":2046.95,"end":2047.51},{"text":"representative","start":2047.51,"end":2048.31},{"text":"of","start":2048.31,"end":2048.39},{"text":"the","start":2048.43,"end":2048.51},{"text":"ICRC.","start":2048.51,"end":2049.19}]},{"text":"You have the 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morning.","start":2053.11,"end":2059.75,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":2053.11,"end":2053.43},{"text":"thank","start":2053.43,"end":2053.67},{"text":"you","start":2053.67,"end":2053.75},{"text":"for","start":2053.75,"end":2053.91},{"text":"the","start":2053.91,"end":2054.23},{"text":"hard","start":2054.47,"end":2054.79},{"text":"work","start":2054.79,"end":2055.03},{"text":"from","start":2055.03,"end":2055.31},{"text":"you","start":2055.31,"end":2055.39},{"text":"and","start":2055.39,"end":2055.51},{"text":"your","start":2055.51,"end":2055.67},{"text":"team","start":2055.67,"end":2055.99},{"text":"turning","start":2055.99,"end":2056.39},{"text":"this","start":2056.39,"end":2056.51},{"text":"around","start":2056.51,"end":2057.03},{"text":"to","start":2057.03,"end":2057.39},{"text":"have","start":2057.67,"end":2057.95},{"text":"a","start":2057.95,"end":2057.99},{"text":"revised","start":2057.99,"end":2058.63},{"text":"text","start":2058.87,"end":2059.23},{"text":"this","start":2059.23,"end":2059.39},{"text":"morning.","start":2059.39,"end":2059.75}]},{"text":"We generally support the changes you've made, and we very much agree with your comments this morning that the exercise at this point should be about formulating a broad characterisation, noting that this doesn't mean all systems will be prohibited, and it also doesn't foreclose the possibility of excluding certain systems later, which is already foreshadowed in paragraph 3.","start":2060.79,"end":2082.63,"topics":[{"key":"laws-scope","label":"Scope of the LAWS Characterization","description":"Delegations debated how broadly lethal autonomous weapons systems should be characterized, including whether the text should remain a broad working characterization or be narrowed through exclusions. 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raised on day one, and we also echo Austria, Brazil and others this morning in seeing the best way forward as having only select and engage as the critical functions.","start":2176.87,"end":2195.51,"topics":[{"key":"critical-functions","label":"Critical Functions: Identify, Select and Engage","description":"Many statements focused on which functions should define autonomy in weapons systems, especially whether \"identify\" should be retained alongside \"select\" and \"engage.\" Delegations disagreed over a cumulative approach versus a broader formulation and used operational examples to clarify the 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believe that those terms have a more common understanding.","start":2196.31,"end":2199.99,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":2196.31,"end":2196.71},{"text":"believe","start":2196.71,"end":2197.11},{"text":"that","start":2197.11,"end":2197.27},{"text":"those","start":2197.27,"end":2197.59},{"text":"terms","start":2197.59,"end":2198.07},{"text":"have","start":2198.07,"end":2198.31},{"text":"a","start":2198.31,"end":2198.39},{"text":"more","start":2198.39,"end":2198.55},{"text":"common","start":2198.55,"end":2198.95},{"text":"understanding.","start":2198.95,"end":2199.99}]},{"text":"including, for example, as stages in what are called joint targeting cycles of many militaries and organizations.","start":2200.71,"end":2207.43,"topics":[{"key":"critical-functions","label":"Critical Functions: Identify, Select and Engage","description":"Many statements focused on which functions should define autonomy in weapons systems, especially whether \"identify\" should be retained alongside 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contrast, the function of identify does not seem to have such a common understanding, and so the term could introduce unhelpful ambiguity and arguably significantly narrow the characterization on some readings.","start":2208.39,"end":2222.95,"topics":[{"key":"critical-functions","label":"Critical Functions: Identify, Select and Engage","description":"Many statements focused on which functions should define autonomy in weapons systems, especially whether \"identify\" should be retained alongside \"select\" and \"engage.\" Delegations disagreed over a cumulative approach versus a broader formulation and used operational examples to clarify the 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answer to how we see the term \"identify,\" for us, it refers to the process of determining a general target profile or a list of potential targets, which could then be input to a system.","start":2224.31,"end":2236.63,"topics":[{"key":"critical-functions","label":"Critical Functions: Identify, Select and Engage","description":"Many statements focused on which functions should define autonomy in weapons systems, especially whether \"identify\" should be retained alongside \"select\" and \"engage.\" Delegations disagreed over a cumulative approach versus a broader formulation and used operational examples to clarify the 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in our view, this process is often carried out by humans well ahead of the time that a system is activated or launched.","start":2237.35,"end":2244.47,"topics":[{"key":"human-control","label":"Human Control and Temporal Aspects","description":"Speakers examined how to reflect human involvement in the operation of autonomous weapons, including references to human users, operators, control, and intervention. Several delegations also stressed the importance of timing, proposing language such as \"once activated\" or \"without further intervention\" to capture the temporal dimension of autonomy."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":2237.35,"end":2237.99},{"text":"in","start":2237.99,"end":2238.31},{"text":"our","start":2238.31,"end":2238.39},{"text":"view,","start":2238.39,"end":2238.63},{"text":"this","start":2238.63,"end":2238.95},{"text":"process","start":2238.95,"end":2239.43},{"text":"is","start":2239.43,"end":2239.59},{"text":"often","start":2239.59,"end":2239.99},{"text":"carried","start":2239.99,"end":2240.31},{"text":"out","start":2240.31,"end":2240.47},{"text":"by","start":2240.47,"end":2240.63},{"text":"humans","start":2240.63,"end":2241.27},{"text":"well","start":2241.27,"end":2241.55},{"text":"ahead","start":2241.55,"end":2241.79},{"text":"of","start":2241.79,"end":2241.99},{"text":"the","start":2241.99,"end":2242.07},{"text":"time","start":2242.07,"end":2242.39},{"text":"that","start":2242.39,"end":2242.55},{"text":"a","start":2242.55,"end":2242.59},{"text":"system","start":2242.59,"end":2243.03},{"text":"is","start":2243.03,"end":2243.19},{"text":"activated","start":2243.19,"end":2243.83},{"text":"or","start":2243.83,"end":2243.91},{"text":"launched.","start":2243.91,"end":2244.47}]},{"text":"In contrast, select then involves, after activation, a system essentially matching a specific person or object based on sensor data against that pre-programmed target profile or list.","start":2245.39,"end":2258.27,"topics":[{"key":"critical-functions","label":"Critical Functions: Identify, Select and Engage","description":"Many statements focused on which functions should define autonomy in weapons systems, especially whether \"identify\" should be retained alongside \"select\" and \"engage.\" Delegations disagreed over a cumulative approach versus a broader formulation and used operational examples to clarify the implications."},{"key":"human-control","label":"Human Control and Temporal Aspects","description":"Speakers examined how to reflect human involvement in the operation of autonomous weapons, including references to human users, operators, control, and intervention. 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again, we believe that a weapon system should fall within the scope of a characterisation, even if the identification of a type of target is carried out earlier by humans.","start":2259.79,"end":2271.07,"topics":[{"key":"critical-functions","label":"Critical Functions: Identify, Select and Engage","description":"Many statements focused on which functions should define autonomy in weapons systems, especially whether \"identify\" should be retained alongside \"select\" and \"engage.\" Delegations disagreed over a cumulative approach versus a broader formulation and used operational examples to clarify the 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this basis, we continue to support deleting the word \"identify,\" though we could see retaining the current formulation with \"or\" as an acceptable compromise here.","start":2272.11,"end":2281.39,"topics":[{"key":"critical-functions","label":"Critical Functions: Identify, Select and Engage","description":"Many statements focused on which functions should define autonomy in weapons systems, especially whether \"identify\" should be retained alongside \"select\" and \"engage.\" Delegations disagreed over a cumulative approach versus a broader formulation and used operational examples to clarify the 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you, Chair.","start":2281.99,"end":2282.43,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":2281.99,"end":2282.15},{"text":"you,","start":2282.15,"end":2282.23},{"text":"Chair.","start":2282.23,"end":2282.43}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"ICRC","group":null,"function":null,"affiliation_full":"ICRC"}},{"statement_number":15,"start":2284.59,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1t/k1t48lttgq?t=38:05","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Let me thank the distinguished representative of the ICRC for commenting on the text and making proposals with regard to how to deal with certain issues still outstanding.","start":2284.59,"end":2295.83,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Let","start":2284.59,"end":2284.75},{"text":"me","start":2284.75,"end":2284.95},{"text":"thank","start":2284.95,"end":2285.27},{"text":"the","start":2285.27,"end":2285.35},{"text":"distinguished","start":2285.35,"end":2285.91},{"text":"representative","start":2285.91,"end":2286.55},{"text":"of","start":2286.55,"end":2286.71},{"text":"the","start":2286.83,"end":2286.91},{"text":"ICRC","start":2286.91,"end":2287.83},{"text":"for","start":2288.07,"end":2288.27},{"text":"commenting","start":2288.27,"end":2288.79},{"text":"on","start":2288.79,"end":2288.87},{"text":"the","start":2288.87,"end":2288.95},{"text":"text","start":2288.95,"end":2289.35},{"text":"and","start":2289.35,"end":2289.67},{"text":"making","start":2290.15,"end":2290.63},{"text":"proposals","start":2290.87,"end":2291.67},{"text":"with","start":2291.67,"end":2291.83},{"text":"regard","start":2291.83,"end":2292.19},{"text":"to","start":2292.19,"end":2292.63},{"text":"how","start":2292.87,"end":2293.11},{"text":"to","start":2293.11,"end":2293.23},{"text":"deal","start":2293.23,"end":2293.55},{"text":"with","start":2293.55,"end":2293.79},{"text":"certain","start":2294.07,"end":2294.47},{"text":"issues","start":2294.47,"end":2294.83},{"text":"still","start":2294.83,"end":2295.11},{"text":"outstanding.","start":2295.11,"end":2295.83}]},{"text":"Next on my list is Israel, to be followed by Ireland, Singapore, and Switzerland.","start":2296.87,"end":2301.03,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next","start":2296.87,"end":2297.19},{"text":"on","start":2297.19,"end":2297.27},{"text":"my","start":2297.27,"end":2297.35},{"text":"list","start":2297.35,"end":2297.59},{"text":"is","start":2297.59,"end":2297.75},{"text":"Israel,","start":2297.75,"end":2298.23},{"text":"to","start":2298.23,"end":2298.35},{"text":"be","start":2298.35,"end":2298.47},{"text":"followed","start":2298.47,"end":2298.79},{"text":"by","start":2298.79,"end":2299.15},{"text":"Ireland,","start":2299.15,"end":2299.43},{"text":"Singapore,","start":2299.43,"end":2300.15},{"text":"and","start":2300.15,"end":2300.39},{"text":"Switzerland.","start":2300.39,"end":2301.03}]},{"text":"But let me first pass the floor to the distinguished representative of Israel.","start":2301.03,"end":2305.59,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"But","start":2301.03,"end":2301.27},{"text":"let","start":2301.27,"end":2301.39},{"text":"me","start":2301.39,"end":2301.51},{"text":"first","start":2301.51,"end":2301.83},{"text":"pass","start":2301.83,"end":2302.11},{"text":"the","start":2302.11,"end":2302.19},{"text":"floor","start":2302.19,"end":2302.55},{"text":"to","start":2302.55,"end":2302.63},{"text":"the","start":2302.79,"end":2302.91},{"text":"distinguished","start":2302.95,"end":2303.75},{"text":"representative","start":2303.75,"end":2304.55},{"text":"of","start":2304.75,"end":2304.95},{"text":"Israel.","start":2305.11,"end":2305.59}]},{"text":"You have the floor.","start":2305.59,"end":2306.31,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"You","start":2305.59,"end":2305.71},{"text":"have","start":2305.71,"end":2305.91},{"text":"the","start":2305.91,"end":2305.99},{"text":"floor.","start":2305.99,"end":2306.31}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":null,"group":null,"function":"Chair","affiliation_full":null}},{"statement_number":16,"start":2309.19,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1t/k1t48lttgq?t=38:30","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you so much, Chair, and good morning to all the colleagues.","start":2309.19,"end":2311.99,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":2309.19,"end":2309.39},{"text":"you","start":2309.39,"end":2309.51},{"text":"so","start":2309.51,"end":2309.75},{"text":"much,","start":2309.75,"end":2310.19},{"text":"Chair,","start":2310.19,"end":2310.51},{"text":"and","start":2310.51,"end":2310.63},{"text":"good","start":2310.63,"end":2310.79},{"text":"morning","start":2310.79,"end":2311.07},{"text":"to","start":2311.07,"end":2311.27},{"text":"all","start":2311.27,"end":2311.39},{"text":"the","start":2311.39,"end":2311.51},{"text":"colleagues.","start":2311.51,"end":2311.99}]},{"text":"Thanks, Chair, for this interesting new proposal.","start":2313.51,"end":2316.15,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thanks,","start":2313.51,"end":2313.83},{"text":"Chair,","start":2313.83,"end":2314.07},{"text":"for","start":2314.07,"end":2314.23},{"text":"this","start":2314.23,"end":2314.55},{"text":"interesting","start":2314.59,"end":2315.11},{"text":"new","start":2315.35,"end":2315.51},{"text":"proposal.","start":2315.51,"end":2316.15}]},{"text":"We have been looking at this with the detail and working up to the last minute to have a detailed comment.","start":2316.63,"end":2323.11,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":2316.63,"end":2316.75},{"text":"have","start":2316.75,"end":2316.87},{"text":"been","start":2316.87,"end":2317.03},{"text":"looking","start":2317.03,"end":2317.23},{"text":"at","start":2317.23,"end":2317.31},{"text":"this","start":2317.31,"end":2317.67},{"text":"with","start":2317.83,"end":2317.99},{"text":"the","start":2317.99,"end":2318.07},{"text":"detail","start":2318.39,"end":2318.87},{"text":"and","start":2318.87,"end":2319.11},{"text":"working","start":2319.11,"end":2319.59},{"text":"up","start":2319.59,"end":2319.75},{"text":"to","start":2319.75,"end":2319.91},{"text":"the","start":2319.99,"end":2320.15},{"text":"last","start":2320.15,"end":2320.47},{"text":"minute","start":2320.47,"end":2320.87},{"text":"to","start":2320.87,"end":2320.95},{"text":"have","start":2321.03,"end":2321.27},{"text":"a","start":2321.27,"end":2321.35},{"text":"detailed","start":2321.59,"end":2322.19},{"text":"comment.","start":2322.55,"end":2323.11}]},{"text":"That also means that this will be the first time that I read the text as a whole, so wish me luck.","start":2323.91,"end":2329.55,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"That","start":2323.91,"end":2324.03},{"text":"also","start":2324.03,"end":2324.27},{"text":"means","start":2324.27,"end":2324.43},{"text":"that","start":2324.43,"end":2324.67},{"text":"this","start":2324.67,"end":2324.91},{"text":"will","start":2324.91,"end":2325.15},{"text":"be","start":2325.15,"end":2325.39},{"text":"the","start":2325.39,"end":2325.47},{"text":"first","start":2325.47,"end":2325.67},{"text":"time","start":2325.67,"end":2325.79},{"text":"that","start":2325.79,"end":2326.03},{"text":"I","start":2326.03,"end":2326.11},{"text":"read","start":2326.11,"end":2326.39},{"text":"the","start":2326.39,"end":2326.47},{"text":"text","start":2326.47,"end":2326.91},{"text":"as","start":2327.87,"end":2328.03},{"text":"a","start":2328.03,"end":2328.07},{"text":"whole,","start":2328.07,"end":2328.51},{"text":"so","start":2328.51,"end":2328.99},{"text":"wish","start":2328.99,"end":2329.23},{"text":"me","start":2329.23,"end":2329.35},{"text":"luck.","start":2329.35,"end":2329.55}]},{"text":"Concerning the rolling text in box 1, first, while this description attempts to address the meaning of lethality, unfortunately, this is done by giving this term an extremely wide meaning, making the practical implication of this section almost meaningless.","start":2331.55,"end":2348.27,"topics":[{"key":"lethality-definition","label":"Definition of Lethality","description":"A central issue was whether and how to explain the term \"lethal\" in the draft text. Delegations discussed whether lethality should refer to capacity, capability, design, or intent, and whether it should cover killing, injury, and damage to objects."}],"words":[{"text":"Concerning","start":2331.55,"end":2332.03},{"text":"the","start":2332.03,"end":2332.15},{"text":"rolling","start":2332.15,"end":2332.43},{"text":"text","start":2332.43,"end":2332.75},{"text":"in","start":2332.75,"end":2332.83},{"text":"box","start":2332.83,"end":2333.15},{"text":"1,","start":2333.15,"end":2333.39},{"text":"first,","start":2334.43,"end":2334.83},{"text":"while","start":2335.31,"end":2335.59},{"text":"this","start":2335.59,"end":2335.79},{"text":"description","start":2335.79,"end":2336.51},{"text":"attempts","start":2336.59,"end":2336.99},{"text":"to","start":2336.99,"end":2337.11},{"text":"address","start":2337.11,"end":2337.55},{"text":"the","start":2337.55,"end":2337.71},{"text":"meaning","start":2337.71,"end":2338.03},{"text":"of","start":2338.03,"end":2338.19},{"text":"lethality,","start":2338.19,"end":2338.91},{"text":"unfortunately,","start":2339.11,"end":2339.95},{"text":"this","start":2340.51,"end":2340.75},{"text":"is","start":2340.75,"end":2340.91},{"text":"done","start":2340.91,"end":2341.07},{"text":"by","start":2341.07,"end":2341.23},{"text":"giving","start":2341.23,"end":2341.63},{"text":"this","start":2341.63,"end":2341.95},{"text":"term","start":2341.95,"end":2342.43},{"text":"an","start":2342.43,"end":2342.67},{"text":"extremely","start":2342.67,"end":2343.47},{"text":"wide","start":2343.47,"end":2343.79},{"text":"meaning,","start":2343.79,"end":2344.27},{"text":"making","start":2344.75,"end":2345.07},{"text":"the","start":2345.07,"end":2345.23},{"text":"practical","start":2345.23,"end":2345.79},{"text":"implication","start":2345.79,"end":2346.39},{"text":"of","start":2346.39,"end":2346.47},{"text":"this","start":2346.47,"end":2346.71},{"text":"section","start":2346.71,"end":2347.07},{"text":"almost","start":2347.07,"end":2347.51},{"text":"meaningless.","start":2347.63,"end":2348.27}]},{"text":"This is due to the focus of this description on the capability of the weapon rather than on its design.","start":2349.63,"end":2355.75,"topics":[{"key":"lethality-definition","label":"Definition of Lethality","description":"A central issue was whether and how to explain the term \"lethal\" in the draft text. Delegations discussed whether lethality should refer to capacity, capability, design, or intent, and whether it should cover killing, injury, and damage to objects."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":2349.63,"end":2349.75},{"text":"is","start":2349.75,"end":2349.83},{"text":"due","start":2349.83,"end":2350.07},{"text":"to","start":2350.07,"end":2350.23},{"text":"the","start":2350.23,"end":2350.31},{"text":"focus","start":2350.31,"end":2350.95},{"text":"of","start":2351.15,"end":2351.35},{"text":"this","start":2351.35,"end":2351.75},{"text":"description","start":2351.75,"end":2352.39},{"text":"on","start":2352.39,"end":2352.47},{"text":"the","start":2352.47,"end":2352.63},{"text":"capability","start":2352.63,"end":2353.55},{"text":"of","start":2353.55,"end":2353.67},{"text":"the","start":2353.67,"end":2353.79},{"text":"weapon","start":2353.79,"end":2354.23},{"text":"rather","start":2354.23,"end":2354.47},{"text":"than","start":2354.47,"end":2354.87},{"text":"on","start":2354.87,"end":2354.95},{"text":"its","start":2354.95,"end":2355.19},{"text":"design.","start":2355.19,"end":2355.75}]},{"text":"As we know, IHL rules that -- sorry.","start":2356.63,"end":2361.43,"topics":[{"key":"ihl-compliance","label":"International Humanitarian Law and Responsibility","description":"Delegations repeatedly linked the characterization of autonomous weapons to existing international humanitarian law, including protection of civilians, injury, attacks on objects, and accountability for use. Several speakers emphasized that human involvement and system design must preserve legal responsibility under IHL."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":2356.63,"end":2356.79},{"text":"we","start":2356.79,"end":2356.87},{"text":"know,","start":2356.87,"end":2357.27},{"text":"IHL","start":2357.51,"end":2357.99},{"text":"rules","start":2357.99,"end":2358.79},{"text":"that","start":2360.31,"end":2361.07},{"text":"--","start":2361.07,"end":2361.11},{"text":"sorry.","start":2361.11,"end":2361.43}]},{"text":"As we know, IHL that regular weapons, including in the CCW framework, typically differentiate between weapons on the basis of their design.","start":2361.67,"end":2372.15,"topics":[{"key":"ihl-compliance","label":"International Humanitarian Law and Responsibility","description":"Delegations repeatedly linked the characterization of autonomous weapons to existing international humanitarian law, including protection of civilians, injury, attacks on objects, and accountability for use. Several speakers emphasized that human involvement and system design must preserve legal responsibility under IHL."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":2361.67,"end":2362.15},{"text":"we","start":2362.15,"end":2362.27},{"text":"know,","start":2362.27,"end":2362.47},{"text":"IHL","start":2362.47,"end":2362.87},{"text":"that","start":2362.87,"end":2363.27},{"text":"regular","start":2363.67,"end":2364.11},{"text":"weapons,","start":2364.11,"end":2364.55},{"text":"including","start":2364.55,"end":2365.03},{"text":"in","start":2365.03,"end":2365.27},{"text":"the","start":2365.27,"end":2365.47},{"text":"CCW","start":2365.51,"end":2366.23},{"text":"framework,","start":2366.23,"end":2366.67},{"text":"typically","start":2366.67,"end":2367.35},{"text":"differentiate","start":2367.71,"end":2369.19},{"text":"between","start":2369.19,"end":2369.55},{"text":"weapons","start":2369.55,"end":2369.99},{"text":"on","start":2369.99,"end":2370.07},{"text":"the","start":2370.07,"end":2370.15},{"text":"basis","start":2370.15,"end":2370.63},{"text":"of","start":2371.31,"end":2371.43},{"text":"their","start":2371.43,"end":2371.59},{"text":"design.","start":2371.59,"end":2372.15}]},{"text":"Indeed, almost any means of warfare and even physical objects which were not meant to be a weapon can hypothetically be used to cause death or injury.","start":2372.87,"end":2382.87,"topics":[{"key":"lethality-definition","label":"Definition of Lethality","description":"A central issue was whether and how to explain the term \"lethal\" in the draft text. Delegations discussed whether lethality should refer to capacity, capability, design, or intent, and whether it should cover killing, injury, and damage to objects."}],"words":[{"text":"Indeed,","start":2372.87,"end":2373.19},{"text":"almost","start":2373.19,"end":2373.67},{"text":"any","start":2373.67,"end":2373.91},{"text":"means","start":2373.91,"end":2374.15},{"text":"of","start":2374.15,"end":2374.31},{"text":"warfare","start":2374.31,"end":2374.87},{"text":"and","start":2375.03,"end":2375.19},{"text":"even","start":2375.19,"end":2375.43},{"text":"physical","start":2375.43,"end":2375.91},{"text":"objects","start":2375.91,"end":2376.39},{"text":"which","start":2376.47,"end":2376.95},{"text":"were","start":2377.11,"end":2377.35},{"text":"not","start":2377.35,"end":2377.67},{"text":"meant","start":2377.67,"end":2377.87},{"text":"to","start":2377.87,"end":2377.95},{"text":"be","start":2377.95,"end":2378.19},{"text":"a","start":2378.19,"end":2378.23},{"text":"weapon","start":2378.23,"end":2378.79},{"text":"can","start":2379.11,"end":2379.43},{"text":"hypothetically","start":2379.43,"end":2380.31},{"text":"be","start":2380.55,"end":2380.87},{"text":"used","start":2380.87,"end":2381.31},{"text":"to","start":2381.31,"end":2381.39},{"text":"cause","start":2381.39,"end":2381.75},{"text":"death","start":2381.91,"end":2382.15},{"text":"or","start":2382.15,"end":2382.39},{"text":"injury.","start":2382.39,"end":2382.87}]},{"text":"For this reason, the crucial element is the weapon's design.","start":2383.59,"end":2387.59,"topics":[{"key":"lethality-definition","label":"Definition of Lethality","description":"A central issue was whether and how to explain the term \"lethal\" in the draft text. Delegations discussed whether lethality should refer to capacity, capability, design, or intent, and whether it should cover killing, injury, and damage to objects."}],"words":[{"text":"For","start":2383.59,"end":2383.83},{"text":"this","start":2383.83,"end":2384.07},{"text":"reason,","start":2384.07,"end":2384.55},{"text":"the","start":2384.55,"end":2384.67},{"text":"crucial","start":2384.67,"end":2385.11},{"text":"element","start":2385.11,"end":2385.59},{"text":"is","start":2386.07,"end":2386.31},{"text":"the","start":2386.31,"end":2386.43},{"text":"weapon's","start":2386.43,"end":2386.87},{"text":"design.","start":2386.95,"end":2387.59}]},{"text":"Therefore, we cannot accept the suggested terminology.","start":2388.95,"end":2392.71,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Therefore,","start":2388.95,"end":2389.59},{"text":"we","start":2390.15,"end":2390.23},{"text":"cannot","start":2390.23,"end":2390.55},{"text":"accept","start":2390.55,"end":2391.11},{"text":"the","start":2391.11,"end":2391.23},{"text":"suggested","start":2391.23,"end":2391.83},{"text":"terminology.","start":2391.83,"end":2392.71}]},{"text":"We will replace the wording \"with the capacity\" with the wording \"designed\".","start":2393.27,"end":2398.23,"topics":[{"key":"lethality-definition","label":"Definition of Lethality","description":"A central issue was whether and how to explain the term \"lethal\" in the draft text. Delegations discussed whether lethality should refer to capacity, capability, design, or intent, and whether it should cover killing, injury, and damage to objects."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":2393.27,"end":2393.47},{"text":"will","start":2393.47,"end":2393.67},{"text":"replace","start":2393.75,"end":2394.39},{"text":"the","start":2394.39,"end":2394.63},{"text":"wording","start":2394.63,"end":2395.19},{"text":"\"with","start":2395.27,"end":2395.55},{"text":"the","start":2395.55,"end":2395.63},{"text":"capacity\"","start":2395.63,"end":2396.23},{"text":"with","start":2396.23,"end":2396.39},{"text":"the","start":2396.39,"end":2396.47},{"text":"wording","start":2396.47,"end":2397.03},{"text":"\"designed\".","start":2397.43,"end":2398.23}]},{"text":"Along other minor edits, the text would read, \"A lethal weapon system means a weapon system designed to kill or injure one or more persons.\"","start":2399.15,"end":2415.27,"topics":[{"key":"lethality-definition","label":"Definition of Lethality","description":"A central issue was whether and how to explain the term \"lethal\" in the draft text. Delegations discussed whether lethality should refer to capacity, capability, design, or intent, and whether it should cover killing, injury, and damage to objects."}],"words":[{"text":"Along","start":2399.15,"end":2399.51},{"text":"other","start":2399.75,"end":2400.07},{"text":"minor","start":2400.07,"end":2400.47},{"text":"edits,","start":2400.47,"end":2400.95},{"text":"the","start":2401.03,"end":2401.27},{"text":"text","start":2401.27,"end":2401.67},{"text":"would","start":2401.67,"end":2402.07},{"text":"read,","start":2402.15,"end":2402.55},{"text":"\"A","start":2403.51,"end":2403.63},{"text":"lethal","start":2403.63,"end":2404.39},{"text":"weapon","start":2404.39,"end":2405.03},{"text":"system","start":2405.03,"end":2405.67},{"text":"means","start":2406.31,"end":2406.79},{"text":"a","start":2406.95,"end":2407.27},{"text":"weapon","start":2409.27,"end":2410.23},{"text":"system","start":2410.23,"end":2411.43},{"text":"designed","start":2411.75,"end":2412.27},{"text":"to","start":2412.27,"end":2412.39},{"text":"kill","start":2412.39,"end":2412.87},{"text":"or","start":2412.87,"end":2413.19},{"text":"injure","start":2413.19,"end":2413.83},{"text":"one","start":2413.83,"end":2414.15},{"text":"or","start":2414.15,"end":2414.31},{"text":"more","start":2414.31,"end":2414.71},{"text":"persons.\"","start":2414.71,"end":2415.27}]},{"text":"Regarding the rest of paragraph two, international law requires us to interpret terms in accordance with their ordinary meaning.","start":2417.19,"end":2424.23,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Regarding","start":2417.19,"end":2417.59},{"text":"the","start":2417.59,"end":2417.67},{"text":"rest","start":2417.67,"end":2417.95},{"text":"of","start":2417.95,"end":2418.03},{"text":"paragraph","start":2418.03,"end":2418.39},{"text":"two,","start":2418.39,"end":2418.79},{"text":"international","start":2418.87,"end":2419.55},{"text":"law","start":2419.55,"end":2419.63},{"text":"requires","start":2419.63,"end":2420.23},{"text":"us","start":2420.23,"end":2420.39},{"text":"to","start":2420.39,"end":2420.51},{"text":"interpret","start":2420.51,"end":2421.19},{"text":"terms","start":2421.27,"end":2421.83},{"text":"in","start":2421.91,"end":2422.07},{"text":"accordance","start":2422.07,"end":2422.55},{"text":"with","start":2422.55,"end":2422.87},{"text":"their","start":2422.87,"end":2423.11},{"text":"ordinary","start":2423.27,"end":2423.83},{"text":"meaning.","start":2423.83,"end":2424.23}]},{"text":"In the ordinary meaning of the word, lethal relates to the loss of life.","start":2424.79,"end":2428.83,"topics":[{"key":"lethality-definition","label":"Definition of Lethality","description":"A central issue was whether and how to explain the term \"lethal\" in the draft text. Delegations discussed whether lethality should refer to capacity, capability, design, or intent, and whether it should cover killing, injury, and damage to objects."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":2424.79,"end":2424.83},{"text":"the","start":2424.83,"end":2424.91},{"text":"ordinary","start":2424.91,"end":2425.43},{"text":"meaning","start":2425.43,"end":2425.75},{"text":"of","start":2425.79,"end":2425.99},{"text":"the","start":2426.15,"end":2426.35},{"text":"word,","start":2426.35,"end":2426.71},{"text":"lethal","start":2426.71,"end":2427.35},{"text":"relates","start":2427.59,"end":2427.99},{"text":"to","start":2427.99,"end":2428.11},{"text":"the","start":2428.11,"end":2428.19},{"text":"loss","start":2428.19,"end":2428.43},{"text":"of","start":2428.43,"end":2428.55},{"text":"life.","start":2428.55,"end":2428.83}]},{"text":"However, it is unclear from the current text whether weapons systems capable of only harming objects could be considered.","start":2429.99,"end":2437.59,"topics":[{"key":"lethality-definition","label":"Definition of Lethality","description":"A central issue was whether and how to explain the term \"lethal\" in the draft text. Delegations discussed whether lethality should refer to capacity, capability, design, or intent, and whether it should cover killing, injury, and damage to objects."}],"words":[{"text":"However,","start":2429.99,"end":2430.55},{"text":"it","start":2430.55,"end":2430.63},{"text":"is","start":2430.63,"end":2430.79},{"text":"unclear","start":2430.79,"end":2431.35},{"text":"from","start":2431.35,"end":2431.59},{"text":"the","start":2431.59,"end":2431.67},{"text":"current","start":2431.67,"end":2432.03},{"text":"text","start":2432.03,"end":2432.35},{"text":"whether","start":2432.35,"end":2432.87},{"text":"weapons","start":2432.87,"end":2433.23},{"text":"systems","start":2433.23,"end":2433.91},{"text":"capable","start":2433.99,"end":2434.55},{"text":"of","start":2434.79,"end":2435.03},{"text":"only","start":2435.11,"end":2435.43},{"text":"harming","start":2435.43,"end":2435.91},{"text":"objects","start":2435.91,"end":2436.39},{"text":"could","start":2436.63,"end":2436.83},{"text":"be","start":2436.83,"end":2436.95},{"text":"considered.","start":2436.95,"end":2437.59}]},{"text":"This is problematic since it can cause uncertainty and lead to illogical interpretations and outcomes.","start":2438.55,"end":2445.35,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":2438.55,"end":2438.71},{"text":"is","start":2438.71,"end":2438.79},{"text":"problematic","start":2438.79,"end":2439.51},{"text":"since","start":2439.51,"end":2440.47},{"text":"it","start":2440.47,"end":2440.63},{"text":"can","start":2440.63,"end":2440.79},{"text":"cause","start":2440.79,"end":2441.27},{"text":"uncertainty","start":2441.39,"end":2442.23},{"text":"and","start":2442.23,"end":2442.43},{"text":"lead","start":2442.43,"end":2442.63},{"text":"to","start":2442.63,"end":2442.75},{"text":"illogical","start":2442.75,"end":2443.43},{"text":"interpretations","start":2443.43,"end":2444.31},{"text":"and","start":2444.47,"end":2444.71},{"text":"outcomes.","start":2444.71,"end":2445.35}]},{"text":"For these reasons, and as an alternative, we support in replacing the text that address objects with a different text in a new sentence that was previously suggested by the delegation of the US.","start":2446.63,"end":2459.67,"topics":[{"key":"lethality-definition","label":"Definition of Lethality","description":"A central issue was whether and how to explain the term \"lethal\" in the draft text. Delegations discussed whether lethality should refer to capacity, capability, design, or intent, and whether it should cover killing, injury, and damage to objects."}],"words":[{"text":"For","start":2446.63,"end":2446.79},{"text":"these","start":2446.79,"end":2447.03},{"text":"reasons,","start":2447.03,"end":2447.51},{"text":"and","start":2447.91,"end":2448.07},{"text":"as","start":2448.07,"end":2448.23},{"text":"an","start":2448.23,"end":2448.31},{"text":"alternative,","start":2448.31,"end":2449.75},{"text":"we","start":2449.75,"end":2449.99},{"text":"support","start":2449.99,"end":2450.55},{"text":"in","start":2450.55,"end":2450.79},{"text":"replacing","start":2450.79,"end":2451.27},{"text":"the","start":2451.27,"end":2451.39},{"text":"text","start":2451.39,"end":2451.83},{"text":"that","start":2451.83,"end":2452.03},{"text":"address","start":2452.03,"end":2452.47},{"text":"objects","start":2452.47,"end":2453.11},{"text":"with","start":2453.55,"end":2453.67},{"text":"a","start":2453.67,"end":2453.71},{"text":"different","start":2453.71,"end":2454.11},{"text":"text","start":2454.11,"end":2454.47},{"text":"in","start":2454.55,"end":2454.79},{"text":"a","start":2454.95,"end":2454.99},{"text":"new","start":2454.99,"end":2455.19},{"text":"sentence","start":2455.19,"end":2455.91},{"text":"that","start":2456.15,"end":2456.31},{"text":"was","start":2456.31,"end":2456.63},{"text":"previously","start":2456.79,"end":2457.27},{"text":"suggested","start":2457.27,"end":2457.75},{"text":"by","start":2457.75,"end":2457.91},{"text":"the","start":2457.91,"end":2458.03},{"text":"delegation","start":2458.03,"end":2458.87},{"text":"of","start":2458.91,"end":2459.03},{"text":"the","start":2459.03,"end":2459.23},{"text":"US.","start":2459.35,"end":2459.67}]},{"text":"\"The fact that a loss can be used in circumstances that do not result in death, such as to destroy objects or to cause injury, does not exclude it from this characterization.\"","start":2461.59,"end":2476.15,"topics":[{"key":"lethality-definition","label":"Definition of Lethality","description":"A central issue was whether and how to explain the term \"lethal\" in the draft text. Delegations discussed whether lethality should refer to capacity, capability, design, or intent, and whether it should cover killing, injury, and damage to objects."}],"words":[{"text":"\"The","start":2461.59,"end":2461.67},{"text":"fact","start":2461.67,"end":2462.23},{"text":"that","start":2462.39,"end":2462.95},{"text":"a","start":2463.27,"end":2463.31},{"text":"loss","start":2463.31,"end":2463.91},{"text":"can","start":2464.07,"end":2464.31},{"text":"be","start":2464.31,"end":2464.63},{"text":"used","start":2464.63,"end":2465.11},{"text":"in","start":2465.35,"end":2465.67},{"text":"circumstances","start":2465.67,"end":2466.79},{"text":"that","start":2466.95,"end":2467.35},{"text":"do","start":2467.35,"end":2467.51},{"text":"not","start":2467.51,"end":2467.91},{"text":"result","start":2467.99,"end":2468.43},{"text":"in","start":2468.43,"end":2468.55},{"text":"death,","start":2468.55,"end":2468.87},{"text":"such","start":2469.43,"end":2469.83},{"text":"as","start":2469.87,"end":2470.23},{"text":"to","start":2470.31,"end":2470.43},{"text":"destroy","start":2470.43,"end":2470.87},{"text":"objects","start":2470.87,"end":2471.35},{"text":"or","start":2471.35,"end":2471.51},{"text":"to","start":2471.51,"end":2471.67},{"text":"cause","start":2471.67,"end":2472.07},{"text":"injury,","start":2472.07,"end":2472.63},{"text":"does","start":2473.35,"end":2473.75},{"text":"not","start":2473.75,"end":2474.07},{"text":"exclude","start":2474.07,"end":2474.55},{"text":"it","start":2474.55,"end":2474.71},{"text":"from","start":2474.71,"end":2475.03},{"text":"this","start":2475.03,"end":2475.27},{"text":"characterization.\"","start":2475.27,"end":2476.15}]},{"text":"In addition, for similar reasons, we think that the word \"can\" in paragraph 1 should be changed to \"design\" in line with the common terminology in international law applicable to weapons.","start":2478.23,"end":2490.11,"topics":[{"key":"laws-scope","label":"Scope of the LAWS Characterization","description":"Delegations debated how broadly lethal autonomous weapons systems should be characterized, including whether the text should remain a broad working characterization or be narrowed through exclusions. Speakers also discussed how to anchor the characterization within the scope, objectives, or application of the CCW."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":2478.23,"end":2478.35},{"text":"addition,","start":2478.35,"end":2478.75},{"text":"for","start":2478.75,"end":2478.91},{"text":"similar","start":2478.91,"end":2479.31},{"text":"reasons,","start":2479.31,"end":2479.79},{"text":"we","start":2479.79,"end":2479.87},{"text":"think","start":2479.87,"end":2480.11},{"text":"that","start":2480.11,"end":2480.27},{"text":"the","start":2480.27,"end":2480.39},{"text":"word","start":2480.39,"end":2480.75},{"text":"\"can\"","start":2480.99,"end":2481.47},{"text":"in","start":2481.55,"end":2481.71},{"text":"paragraph","start":2481.71,"end":2482.67},{"text":"1","start":2482.67,"end":2482.91},{"text":"should","start":2482.91,"end":2483.19},{"text":"be","start":2483.19,"end":2483.31},{"text":"changed","start":2483.31,"end":2483.75},{"text":"to","start":2483.75,"end":2484.03},{"text":"\"design\"","start":2484.03,"end":2484.75},{"text":"in","start":2485.15,"end":2485.35},{"text":"line","start":2485.35,"end":2485.55},{"text":"with","start":2485.55,"end":2485.67},{"text":"the","start":2485.67,"end":2485.75},{"text":"common","start":2485.75,"end":2486.35},{"text":"terminology","start":2486.59,"end":2487.39},{"text":"in","start":2487.39,"end":2487.63},{"text":"international","start":2487.63,"end":2488.59},{"text":"law","start":2488.71,"end":2488.79},{"text":"applicable","start":2488.79,"end":2489.39},{"text":"to","start":2489.39,"end":2489.51},{"text":"weapons.","start":2489.51,"end":2490.11}]},{"text":"We also note that it's unclear whether the word \"can\" refers to the weapon system or to supporting components, which is unhelpful.","start":2490.75,"end":2499.55,"topics":[{"key":"laws-scope","label":"Scope of the LAWS Characterization","description":"Delegations debated how broadly lethal autonomous weapons systems should be characterized, including whether the text should remain a broad working characterization or be narrowed through exclusions. Speakers also discussed how to anchor the characterization within the scope, objectives, or application of the CCW."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":2490.75,"end":2490.95},{"text":"also","start":2490.95,"end":2491.19},{"text":"note","start":2491.19,"end":2491.55},{"text":"that","start":2491.55,"end":2491.79},{"text":"it's","start":2491.79,"end":2492.03},{"text":"unclear","start":2492.03,"end":2492.55},{"text":"whether","start":2492.55,"end":2492.99},{"text":"the","start":2492.99,"end":2493.15},{"text":"word","start":2493.15,"end":2493.47},{"text":"\"can\"","start":2493.47,"end":2493.87},{"text":"refers","start":2493.87,"end":2494.27},{"text":"to","start":2494.27,"end":2494.51},{"text":"the","start":2494.51,"end":2494.63},{"text":"weapon","start":2494.63,"end":2494.91},{"text":"system","start":2494.91,"end":2495.39},{"text":"or","start":2495.47,"end":2495.63},{"text":"to","start":2495.71,"end":2496.11},{"text":"supporting","start":2496.19,"end":2496.91},{"text":"components,","start":2496.99,"end":2497.79},{"text":"which","start":2498.19,"end":2498.43},{"text":"is","start":2498.43,"end":2498.59},{"text":"unhelpful.","start":2498.63,"end":2499.55}]},{"text":"We reiterate our request to change the word \"integrated\" to \"integral\" so it will be clear we are referring to a definable weapon system and not to external components of general purpose, which are not actually part of the system.","start":2501.91,"end":2516.95,"topics":[{"key":"laws-scope","label":"Scope of the LAWS Characterization","description":"Delegations debated how broadly lethal autonomous weapons systems should be characterized, including whether the text should remain a broad working characterization or be narrowed through exclusions. Speakers also discussed how to anchor the characterization within the scope, objectives, or application of the CCW."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":2501.91,"end":2501.99},{"text":"reiterate","start":2501.99,"end":2502.63},{"text":"our","start":2502.63,"end":2502.83},{"text":"request","start":2502.83,"end":2503.23},{"text":"to","start":2503.23,"end":2503.35},{"text":"change","start":2503.35,"end":2503.75},{"text":"the","start":2503.91,"end":2504.07},{"text":"word","start":2504.07,"end":2504.39},{"text":"\"integrated\"","start":2504.47,"end":2505.15},{"text":"to","start":2505.15,"end":2505.35},{"text":"\"integral\"","start":2505.35,"end":2506.15},{"text":"so","start":2506.23,"end":2506.63},{"text":"it","start":2506.63,"end":2506.87},{"text":"will","start":2506.87,"end":2507.03},{"text":"be","start":2507.03,"end":2507.27},{"text":"clear","start":2507.27,"end":2507.75},{"text":"we","start":2507.83,"end":2507.99},{"text":"are","start":2507.99,"end":2508.07},{"text":"referring","start":2508.07,"end":2508.47},{"text":"to","start":2508.47,"end":2508.67},{"text":"a","start":2508.71,"end":2508.87},{"text":"definable","start":2509.43,"end":2509.99},{"text":"weapon","start":2509.99,"end":2510.31},{"text":"system","start":2510.31,"end":2510.79},{"text":"and","start":2510.79,"end":2511.07},{"text":"not","start":2511.07,"end":2511.35},{"text":"to","start":2511.43,"end":2511.59},{"text":"external","start":2511.59,"end":2512.31},{"text":"components","start":2512.31,"end":2513.03},{"text":"of","start":2513.39,"end":2513.51},{"text":"general","start":2513.51,"end":2513.99},{"text":"purpose,","start":2513.99,"end":2514.55},{"text":"which","start":2514.83,"end":2515.11},{"text":"are","start":2515.11,"end":2515.19},{"text":"not","start":2515.19,"end":2515.43},{"text":"actually","start":2515.43,"end":2515.91},{"text":"part","start":2515.91,"end":2516.27},{"text":"of","start":2516.27,"end":2516.39},{"text":"the","start":2516.39,"end":2516.47},{"text":"system.","start":2516.47,"end":2516.95}]},{"text":"In our view, those changes are much needed to ensure stability and certainty.","start":2519.03,"end":2523.67,"topics":[{"key":"laws-scope","label":"Scope of the LAWS Characterization","description":"Delegations debated how broadly lethal autonomous weapons systems should be characterized, including whether the text should remain a broad working characterization or be narrowed through exclusions. Speakers also discussed how to anchor the characterization within the scope, objectives, or application of the CCW."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":2519.03,"end":2519.23},{"text":"our","start":2519.23,"end":2519.35},{"text":"view,","start":2519.35,"end":2519.75},{"text":"those","start":2519.91,"end":2520.23},{"text":"changes","start":2520.23,"end":2520.71},{"text":"are","start":2520.71,"end":2520.87},{"text":"much","start":2520.87,"end":2521.27},{"text":"needed","start":2521.27,"end":2521.63},{"text":"to","start":2521.63,"end":2521.87},{"text":"ensure","start":2521.87,"end":2522.23},{"text":"stability","start":2522.23,"end":2522.83},{"text":"and","start":2522.83,"end":2522.99},{"text":"certainty.","start":2522.99,"end":2523.67}]},{"text":"The current text does not give enough consideration to the fact that the weapon systems often rely on a large amount of information and external features that are not inherently related to it.","start":2524.91,"end":2535.71,"topics":[{"key":"laws-scope","label":"Scope of the LAWS Characterization","description":"Delegations debated how broadly lethal autonomous weapons systems should be characterized, including whether the text should remain a broad working characterization or be narrowed through exclusions. Speakers also discussed how to anchor the characterization within the scope, objectives, or application of the CCW."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2524.91,"end":2524.95},{"text":"current","start":2524.99,"end":2525.43},{"text":"text","start":2525.43,"end":2525.67},{"text":"does","start":2525.67,"end":2525.87},{"text":"not","start":2525.87,"end":2526.11},{"text":"give","start":2526.11,"end":2526.43},{"text":"enough","start":2526.51,"end":2526.83},{"text":"consideration","start":2526.83,"end":2527.47},{"text":"to","start":2527.47,"end":2527.55},{"text":"the","start":2527.55,"end":2527.63},{"text":"fact","start":2527.63,"end":2527.95},{"text":"that","start":2527.95,"end":2528.11},{"text":"the","start":2528.11,"end":2528.27},{"text":"weapon","start":2528.27,"end":2528.63},{"text":"systems","start":2528.63,"end":2529.07},{"text":"often","start":2529.07,"end":2529.47},{"text":"rely","start":2529.55,"end":2529.87},{"text":"on","start":2529.95,"end":2530.19},{"text":"a","start":2530.43,"end":2530.47},{"text":"large","start":2530.47,"end":2530.91},{"text":"amount","start":2530.91,"end":2531.19},{"text":"of","start":2531.19,"end":2531.31},{"text":"information","start":2531.31,"end":2532.03},{"text":"and","start":2532.27,"end":2532.51},{"text":"external","start":2532.51,"end":2533.07},{"text":"features","start":2533.07,"end":2533.63},{"text":"that","start":2533.63,"end":2533.79},{"text":"are","start":2533.79,"end":2533.95},{"text":"not","start":2533.95,"end":2534.19},{"text":"inherently","start":2534.19,"end":2534.83},{"text":"related","start":2534.83,"end":2535.27},{"text":"to","start":2535.27,"end":2535.43},{"text":"it.","start":2535.43,"end":2535.71}]},{"text":"The way it is phrased now makes it very difficult to determine what is considered part of the system and what's not.","start":2537.31,"end":2544.59,"topics":[{"key":"laws-scope","label":"Scope of the LAWS Characterization","description":"Delegations debated how broadly lethal autonomous weapons systems should be characterized, including whether the text should remain a broad working characterization or be narrowed through exclusions. Speakers also discussed how to anchor the characterization within the scope, objectives, or application of the CCW."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2537.31,"end":2537.47},{"text":"way","start":2537.47,"end":2537.87},{"text":"it","start":2538.03,"end":2538.27},{"text":"is","start":2538.27,"end":2538.43},{"text":"phrased","start":2538.43,"end":2538.87},{"text":"now","start":2538.87,"end":2539.15},{"text":"makes","start":2539.15,"end":2539.47},{"text":"it","start":2539.47,"end":2540.03},{"text":"very","start":2540.03,"end":2540.27},{"text":"difficult","start":2540.27,"end":2540.79},{"text":"to","start":2540.79,"end":2540.87},{"text":"determine","start":2540.87,"end":2541.47},{"text":"what","start":2541.59,"end":2541.87},{"text":"is","start":2541.87,"end":2542.11},{"text":"considered","start":2542.11,"end":2542.59},{"text":"part","start":2542.59,"end":2542.91},{"text":"of","start":2542.91,"end":2542.99},{"text":"the","start":2542.99,"end":2543.11},{"text":"system","start":2543.11,"end":2543.87},{"text":"and","start":2543.87,"end":2543.99},{"text":"what's","start":2543.99,"end":2544.31},{"text":"not.","start":2544.31,"end":2544.59}]},{"text":"In addition, as we said at the beginning of the week, the functions \"identify\", \"select\" and \"engage\" are cumulative rather than alternative.","start":2546.59,"end":2554.47,"topics":[{"key":"critical-functions","label":"Critical Functions: Identify, Select and Engage","description":"Many statements focused on which functions should define autonomy in weapons systems, especially whether \"identify\" should be retained alongside \"select\" and \"engage.\" Delegations disagreed over a cumulative approach versus a broader formulation and used operational examples to clarify the implications."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":2546.59,"end":2546.75},{"text":"addition,","start":2546.75,"end":2547.23},{"text":"as","start":2547.35,"end":2547.55},{"text":"we","start":2547.55,"end":2547.63},{"text":"said","start":2547.63,"end":2547.95},{"text":"at","start":2547.95,"end":2548.03},{"text":"the","start":2548.03,"end":2548.19},{"text":"beginning","start":2548.19,"end":2548.55},{"text":"of","start":2548.55,"end":2548.67},{"text":"the","start":2548.67,"end":2548.75},{"text":"week,","start":2548.75,"end":2549.15},{"text":"the","start":2549.79,"end":2549.83},{"text":"functions","start":2549.83,"end":2550.31},{"text":"\"identify\",","start":2550.47,"end":2551.11},{"text":"\"select\"","start":2551.11,"end":2551.55},{"text":"and","start":2551.55,"end":2551.67},{"text":"\"engage\"","start":2551.67,"end":2552.07},{"text":"are","start":2552.07,"end":2552.31},{"text":"cumulative","start":2552.31,"end":2553.03},{"text":"rather","start":2553.03,"end":2553.39},{"text":"than","start":2553.39,"end":2553.67},{"text":"alternative.","start":2553.67,"end":2554.47}]},{"text":"Accepting the suggestion to see them as an alternative will introduce to the Convention systems that are not the focus of our discussion, such as precision-guided munitions.","start":2555.43,"end":2566.23,"topics":[{"key":"critical-functions","label":"Critical Functions: Identify, Select and Engage","description":"Many statements focused on which functions should define autonomy in weapons systems, especially whether \"identify\" should be retained alongside \"select\" and \"engage.\" Delegations disagreed over a cumulative approach versus a broader formulation and used operational examples to clarify the implications."}],"words":[{"text":"Accepting","start":2555.43,"end":2555.91},{"text":"the","start":2555.91,"end":2556.03},{"text":"suggestion","start":2556.03,"end":2556.55},{"text":"to","start":2556.55,"end":2556.67},{"text":"see","start":2556.67,"end":2556.87},{"text":"them","start":2556.87,"end":2557.19},{"text":"as","start":2557.35,"end":2557.67},{"text":"an","start":2557.75,"end":2557.99},{"text":"alternative","start":2557.99,"end":2558.59},{"text":"will","start":2558.59,"end":2558.87},{"text":"introduce","start":2558.87,"end":2559.43},{"text":"to","start":2559.67,"end":2559.75},{"text":"the","start":2559.75,"end":2559.83},{"text":"Convention","start":2559.83,"end":2560.63},{"text":"systems","start":2561.27,"end":2561.71},{"text":"that","start":2561.71,"end":2561.91},{"text":"are","start":2561.91,"end":2561.99},{"text":"not","start":2561.99,"end":2562.23},{"text":"the","start":2562.23,"end":2562.35},{"text":"focus","start":2562.35,"end":2562.75},{"text":"of","start":2562.75,"end":2562.87},{"text":"our","start":2562.87,"end":2563.03},{"text":"discussion,","start":2563.03,"end":2563.67},{"text":"such","start":2563.67,"end":2564.07},{"text":"as","start":2564.07,"end":2564.23},{"text":"precision-guided","start":2564.71,"end":2565.59},{"text":"munitions.","start":2565.59,"end":2566.23}]},{"text":"We therefore think that the word \"or\" needs to be deleted.","start":2567.43,"end":2570.87,"topics":[{"key":"critical-functions","label":"Critical Functions: Identify, Select and Engage","description":"Many statements focused on which functions should define autonomy in weapons systems, especially whether \"identify\" should be retained alongside \"select\" and \"engage.\" Delegations disagreed over a cumulative approach versus a broader formulation and used operational examples to clarify the implications."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":2567.43,"end":2567.63},{"text":"therefore","start":2567.63,"end":2567.87},{"text":"think","start":2567.87,"end":2568.15},{"text":"that","start":2568.15,"end":2568.47},{"text":"the","start":2568.47,"end":2568.75},{"text":"word","start":2568.75,"end":2569.15},{"text":"\"or\"","start":2569.43,"end":2569.83},{"text":"needs","start":2569.83,"end":2570.11},{"text":"to","start":2570.11,"end":2570.23},{"text":"be","start":2570.23,"end":2570.39},{"text":"deleted.","start":2570.39,"end":2570.87}]},{"text":"Finally, earlier this week, we made a few comments regarding box 1.","start":2571.75,"end":2575.51,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Finally,","start":2571.75,"end":2572.23},{"text":"earlier","start":2572.63,"end":2572.91},{"text":"this","start":2572.91,"end":2573.11},{"text":"week,","start":2573.11,"end":2573.43},{"text":"we","start":2573.43,"end":2573.59},{"text":"made","start":2573.59,"end":2573.87},{"text":"a","start":2573.87,"end":2573.91},{"text":"few","start":2573.91,"end":2574.15},{"text":"comments","start":2574.15,"end":2574.55},{"text":"regarding","start":2574.55,"end":2574.95},{"text":"box","start":2574.95,"end":2575.19},{"text":"1.","start":2575.19,"end":2575.51}]},{"text":"However, For the sake of compromise and facilitate consensus, we will not reiter- reiterate them.","start":2575.51,"end":2581.27,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"However,","start":2575.51,"end":2576.15},{"text":"For","start":2576.47,"end":2576.63},{"text":"the","start":2576.63,"end":2576.71},{"text":"sake","start":2576.71,"end":2577.07},{"text":"of","start":2577.07,"end":2577.19},{"text":"compromise","start":2577.19,"end":2577.83},{"text":"and","start":2577.83,"end":2577.99},{"text":"facilitate","start":2577.99,"end":2578.59},{"text":"consensus,","start":2578.59,"end":2579.27},{"text":"we","start":2579.51,"end":2579.71},{"text":"will","start":2579.71,"end":2579.83},{"text":"not","start":2579.83,"end":2580.15},{"text":"reiter-","start":2580.15,"end":2580.55},{"text":"reiterate","start":2580.55,"end":2581.03},{"text":"them.","start":2581.03,"end":2581.27}]},{"text":"We did, we did reiterate comments which are the most important for us.","start":2581.83,"end":2586.15,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":2581.83,"end":2581.95},{"text":"did,","start":2581.99,"end":2582.31},{"text":"we","start":2582.39,"end":2582.87},{"text":"did","start":2582.87,"end":2583.15},{"text":"reiterate","start":2583.15,"end":2583.59},{"text":"comments","start":2583.59,"end":2583.99},{"text":"which","start":2583.99,"end":2584.31},{"text":"are","start":2584.63,"end":2584.87},{"text":"the","start":2584.95,"end":2585.07},{"text":"most","start":2585.07,"end":2585.31},{"text":"important","start":2585.31,"end":2585.75},{"text":"for","start":2585.75,"end":2585.95},{"text":"us.","start":2585.95,"end":2586.15}]},{"text":"Thank you so much, sir.","start":2586.87,"end":2587.75,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":2586.87,"end":2587.07},{"text":"you","start":2587.07,"end":2587.15},{"text":"so","start":2587.15,"end":2587.27},{"text":"much,","start":2587.27,"end":2587.47},{"text":"sir.","start":2587.47,"end":2587.75}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"ISR","group":null,"function":null,"affiliation_full":"Israel"}},{"statement_number":17,"start":2589.99,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1t/k1t48lttgq?t=43:10","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Let me thank the distinguished representative of Israel for sharing the views of his delegation and for making proposals with regard to the text on the 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on my list is Ireland, to be followed by Singapore.","start":2598.83,"end":2601.63,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next","start":2598.83,"end":2599.07},{"text":"on","start":2599.07,"end":2599.15},{"text":"my","start":2599.15,"end":2599.27},{"text":"list","start":2599.27,"end":2599.55},{"text":"is","start":2599.55,"end":2599.79},{"text":"Ireland,","start":2599.79,"end":2600.19},{"text":"to","start":2600.19,"end":2600.27},{"text":"be","start":2600.27,"end":2600.43},{"text":"followed","start":2600.43,"end":2600.83},{"text":"by","start":2600.83,"end":2600.99},{"text":"Singapore.","start":2600.99,"end":2601.63}]},{"text":"But let me first pass the floor to the distinguished representative of Ireland.","start":2601.87,"end":2605.35,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"But","start":2601.87,"end":2602.19},{"text":"let","start":2602.19,"end":2602.31},{"text":"me","start":2602.31,"end":2602.43},{"text":"first","start":2602.43,"end":2602.67},{"text":"pass","start":2602.67,"end":2602.99},{"text":"the","start":2602.99,"end":2603.07},{"text":"floor","start":2603.07,"end":2603.31},{"text":"to","start":2603.31,"end":2603.43},{"text":"the","start":2603.47,"end":2603.55},{"text":"distinguished","start":2603.55,"end":2604.11},{"text":"representative","start":2604.11,"end":2604.91},{"text":"of","start":2604.91,"end":2604.99},{"text":"Ireland.","start":2604.99,"end":2605.35}]},{"text":"So you have the floor.","start":2605.35,"end":2606.11,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":2605.35,"end":2605.47},{"text":"you","start":2605.47,"end":2605.55},{"text":"have","start":2605.55,"end":2605.71},{"text":"the","start":2605.71,"end":2605.79},{"text":"floor.","start":2605.79,"end":2606.11}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":null,"group":null,"function":"Chair","affiliation_full":null}},{"statement_number":18,"start":2608.47,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1t/k1t48lttgq?t=43:29","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Mr. Chair.","start":2608.47,"end":2609.55,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":2608.47,"end":2608.67},{"text":"you,","start":2608.67,"end":2608.83},{"text":"Mr.","start":2608.83,"end":2609.19},{"text":"Chair.","start":2609.19,"end":2609.55}]},{"text":"Thanks as well very much to you and your team for this updated section 1.","start":2610.03,"end":2614.11,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thanks","start":2610.03,"end":2610.39},{"text":"as","start":2610.39,"end":2610.51},{"text":"well","start":2610.51,"end":2610.67},{"text":"very","start":2610.67,"end":2610.87},{"text":"much","start":2610.87,"end":2611.07},{"text":"to","start":2611.07,"end":2611.23},{"text":"you","start":2611.23,"end":2611.43},{"text":"and","start":2611.43,"end":2611.55},{"text":"your","start":2611.55,"end":2611.79},{"text":"team","start":2611.79,"end":2612.03},{"text":"for","start":2612.03,"end":2612.19},{"text":"this","start":2612.19,"end":2612.59},{"text":"updated","start":2612.59,"end":2613.15},{"text":"section","start":2613.39,"end":2613.87},{"text":"1.","start":2613.87,"end":2614.11}]},{"text":"Like others, we appreciate your approach in this revision by focusing on areas of possible convergence, and we believe that the changes overall strengthen this important 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the reasons outlined by Austria, Brazil, and others regarding the term \"identify,\" for us, the \"and/or\" is critical here.","start":2624.63,"end":2631.39,"topics":[{"key":"critical-functions","label":"Critical Functions: Identify, Select and Engage","description":"Many statements focused on which functions should define autonomy in weapons systems, especially whether \"identify\" should be retained alongside \"select\" and \"engage.\" Delegations disagreed over a cumulative approach versus a broader formulation and used operational examples to clarify the 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explains, we're not discussing a prohibition of this characterization, so avoiding the cumulative approach is necessary at this stage.","start":2631.63,"end":2638.99,"topics":[{"key":"critical-functions","label":"Critical Functions: Identify, Select and Engage","description":"Many statements focused on which functions should define autonomy in weapons systems, especially whether \"identify\" should be retained alongside \"select\" and \"engage.\" Delegations disagreed over a cumulative approach versus a broader formulation and used operational examples to clarify the 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welcome the clarification by what we mean by \"lethal.\"","start":2640.19,"end":2642.99,"topics":[{"key":"lethality-definition","label":"Definition of Lethality","description":"A central issue was whether and how to explain the term \"lethal\" in the draft text. Delegations discussed whether lethality should refer to capacity, capability, design, or intent, and whether it should cover killing, injury, and damage to objects."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":2640.19,"end":2640.31},{"text":"welcome","start":2640.31,"end":2640.63},{"text":"the","start":2640.63,"end":2640.71},{"text":"clarification","start":2640.71,"end":2641.55},{"text":"by","start":2641.55,"end":2641.63},{"text":"what","start":2641.63,"end":2641.87},{"text":"we","start":2641.87,"end":2642.03},{"text":"mean","start":2642.03,"end":2642.27},{"text":"by","start":2642.27,"end":2642.43},{"text":"\"lethal.\"","start":2642.43,"end":2642.99}]},{"text":"Indeed, as we said earlier this week, we are not sure what a non-lethal weapon is.","start":2644.27,"end":2648.59,"topics":[{"key":"lethality-definition","label":"Definition of Lethality","description":"A central issue was whether and how to explain the term \"lethal\" in the draft text. Delegations discussed whether lethality should refer to capacity, capability, design, or intent, and whether it should cover killing, injury, and damage to objects."}],"words":[{"text":"Indeed,","start":2644.27,"end":2644.67},{"text":"as","start":2644.67,"end":2644.91},{"text":"we","start":2645.15,"end":2645.31},{"text":"said","start":2645.31,"end":2645.51},{"text":"earlier","start":2645.51,"end":2645.83},{"text":"this","start":2645.83,"end":2646.03},{"text":"week,","start":2646.03,"end":2646.43},{"text":"we","start":2646.43,"end":2646.63},{"text":"are","start":2646.63,"end":2646.71},{"text":"not","start":2646.71,"end":2646.91},{"text":"sure","start":2646.91,"end":2647.11},{"text":"what","start":2647.11,"end":2647.35},{"text":"a","start":2647.35,"end":2647.39},{"text":"non-lethal","start":2647.39,"end":2648.03},{"text":"weapon","start":2648.03,"end":2648.39},{"text":"is.","start":2648.39,"end":2648.59}]},{"text":"So if we are to keep the term, it is important that we are clear by what we mean by it.","start":2649.03,"end":2652.95,"topics":[{"key":"lethality-definition","label":"Definition of Lethality","description":"A central issue was whether and how to explain the term \"lethal\" in the draft text. Delegations discussed whether lethality should refer to capacity, capability, design, or intent, and whether it should cover killing, injury, and damage to objects."}],"words":[{"text":"So","start":2649.03,"end":2649.11},{"text":"if","start":2649.11,"end":2649.19},{"text":"we","start":2649.19,"end":2649.31},{"text":"are","start":2649.31,"end":2649.43},{"text":"to","start":2649.43,"end":2649.51},{"text":"keep","start":2649.51,"end":2649.75},{"text":"the","start":2649.75,"end":2649.87},{"text":"term,","start":2649.87,"end":2650.31},{"text":"it","start":2650.31,"end":2650.39},{"text":"is","start":2650.39,"end":2650.51},{"text":"important","start":2650.51,"end":2650.95},{"text":"that","start":2650.95,"end":2651.07},{"text":"we","start":2651.07,"end":2651.15},{"text":"are","start":2651.15,"end":2651.27},{"text":"clear","start":2651.27,"end":2651.83},{"text":"by","start":2651.83,"end":2651.95},{"text":"what","start":2651.95,"end":2652.23},{"text":"we","start":2652.23,"end":2652.39},{"text":"mean","start":2652.39,"end":2652.63},{"text":"by","start":2652.63,"end":2652.79},{"text":"it.","start":2652.79,"end":2652.95}]},{"text":"And this second paragraph goes a long way in achieving this.","start":2653.27,"end":2655.83,"topics":[{"key":"lethality-definition","label":"Definition of Lethality","description":"A central issue was whether and how to explain the term \"lethal\" in the draft text. Delegations discussed whether lethality should refer to capacity, capability, design, or intent, and whether it should cover killing, injury, and damage to objects."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":2653.27,"end":2653.47},{"text":"this","start":2653.47,"end":2653.59},{"text":"second","start":2653.59,"end":2653.79},{"text":"paragraph","start":2653.79,"end":2654.31},{"text":"goes","start":2654.31,"end":2654.55},{"text":"a","start":2654.55,"end":2654.59},{"text":"long","start":2654.59,"end":2654.79},{"text":"way","start":2654.79,"end":2654.95},{"text":"in","start":2654.95,"end":2655.07},{"text":"achieving","start":2655.07,"end":2655.51},{"text":"this.","start":2655.51,"end":2655.83}]},{"text":"We would just join others in suggesting to tie lethal to capabilities or capacities as opposed to weapons.","start":2657.51,"end":2662.95,"topics":[{"key":"lethality-definition","label":"Definition of Lethality","description":"A central issue was whether and how to explain the term \"lethal\" in the draft text. Delegations discussed whether lethality should refer to capacity, capability, design, or intent, and whether it should cover killing, injury, and damage to objects."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":2657.51,"end":2657.67},{"text":"would","start":2657.67,"end":2657.83},{"text":"just","start":2657.83,"end":2658.11},{"text":"join","start":2658.11,"end":2658.31},{"text":"others","start":2658.31,"end":2658.63},{"text":"in","start":2658.63,"end":2658.71},{"text":"suggesting","start":2658.71,"end":2659.19},{"text":"to","start":2659.19,"end":2659.39},{"text":"tie","start":2659.39,"end":2659.59},{"text":"lethal","start":2659.59,"end":2660.07},{"text":"to","start":2660.07,"end":2660.23},{"text":"capabilities","start":2660.23,"end":2661.03},{"text":"or","start":2661.03,"end":2661.15},{"text":"capacities","start":2661.15,"end":2661.83},{"text":"as","start":2661.83,"end":2661.99},{"text":"opposed","start":2661.99,"end":2662.31},{"text":"to","start":2662.31,"end":2662.39},{"text":"weapons.","start":2662.39,"end":2662.95}]},{"text":"If we start to try to define what lethal weapons are, we are confounding the approach in paragraph one.","start":2663.59,"end":2668.47,"topics":[{"key":"lethality-definition","label":"Definition of Lethality","description":"A central issue was whether and how to explain the term \"lethal\" in the draft text. Delegations discussed whether lethality should refer to capacity, capability, design, or intent, and whether it should cover killing, injury, and damage to objects."}],"words":[{"text":"If","start":2663.59,"end":2663.75},{"text":"we","start":2663.75,"end":2663.87},{"text":"start","start":2663.87,"end":2664.11},{"text":"to","start":2664.11,"end":2664.19},{"text":"try","start":2664.19,"end":2664.55},{"text":"to","start":2664.55,"end":2664.91},{"text":"define","start":2664.91,"end":2665.31},{"text":"what","start":2665.31,"end":2665.51},{"text":"lethal","start":2665.51,"end":2665.79},{"text":"weapons","start":2665.79,"end":2666.15},{"text":"are,","start":2666.15,"end":2666.31},{"text":"we","start":2666.31,"end":2666.39},{"text":"are","start":2666.39,"end":2666.47},{"text":"confounding","start":2666.47,"end":2667.11},{"text":"the","start":2667.11,"end":2667.19},{"text":"approach","start":2667.19,"end":2667.51},{"text":"in","start":2667.51,"end":2667.59},{"text":"paragraph","start":2667.59,"end":2668.15},{"text":"one.","start":2668.15,"end":2668.47}]},{"text":"So we would suggest instead paragraph two to read, \"For the purposes of these elements of an instrument, lethal means the capacity to kill or injure one or more persons and/or the capacity to damage or destroy objects.","start":2668.71,"end":2683.63,"topics":[{"key":"lethality-definition","label":"Definition of Lethality","description":"A central issue was whether and how to explain the term \"lethal\" in the draft text. Delegations discussed whether lethality should refer to capacity, capability, design, or intent, and whether it should cover killing, injury, and damage to objects."},{"key":"ihl-compliance","label":"International Humanitarian Law and Responsibility","description":"Delegations repeatedly linked the characterization of autonomous weapons to existing international humanitarian law, including protection of civilians, injury, attacks on objects, and accountability for use. Several speakers emphasized that human involvement and system design must preserve legal responsibility under IHL."}],"words":[{"text":"So","start":2668.71,"end":2668.87},{"text":"we","start":2668.87,"end":2668.99},{"text":"would","start":2668.99,"end":2669.11},{"text":"suggest","start":2669.11,"end":2669.75},{"text":"instead","start":2669.99,"end":2670.55},{"text":"paragraph","start":2670.55,"end":2671.03},{"text":"two","start":2671.03,"end":2671.35},{"text":"to","start":2671.35,"end":2671.47},{"text":"read,","start":2671.47,"end":2671.91},{"text":"\"For","start":2673.03,"end":2673.19},{"text":"the","start":2673.19,"end":2673.27},{"text":"purposes","start":2673.27,"end":2673.91},{"text":"of","start":2673.99,"end":2674.23},{"text":"these","start":2674.23,"end":2674.47},{"text":"elements","start":2674.47,"end":2674.83},{"text":"of","start":2674.83,"end":2674.91},{"text":"an","start":2674.91,"end":2675.03},{"text":"instrument,","start":2675.03,"end":2675.59},{"text":"lethal","start":2676.11,"end":2676.59},{"text":"means","start":2676.59,"end":2676.99},{"text":"the","start":2676.99,"end":2677.11},{"text":"capacity","start":2677.11,"end":2677.71},{"text":"to","start":2677.71,"end":2677.95},{"text":"kill","start":2677.95,"end":2678.39},{"text":"or","start":2678.39,"end":2678.59},{"text":"injure","start":2678.59,"end":2678.91},{"text":"one","start":2678.91,"end":2679.11},{"text":"or","start":2679.11,"end":2679.19},{"text":"more","start":2679.19,"end":2679.39},{"text":"persons","start":2679.39,"end":2680.03},{"text":"and/or","start":2680.59,"end":2681.23},{"text":"the","start":2681.23,"end":2681.39},{"text":"capacity","start":2681.39,"end":2681.95},{"text":"to","start":2681.95,"end":2682.11},{"text":"damage","start":2682.11,"end":2682.51},{"text":"or","start":2682.51,"end":2682.59},{"text":"destroy","start":2682.59,"end":2682.99},{"text":"objects.","start":2683.07,"end":2683.63}]},{"text":"So this would keep the focus on capacity and not weapons, as others have suggested.","start":2684.51,"end":2688.67,"topics":[{"key":"lethality-definition","label":"Definition of Lethality","description":"A central issue was whether and how to explain the term \"lethal\" in the draft text. Delegations discussed whether lethality should refer to capacity, capability, design, or intent, and whether it should cover killing, injury, and damage to objects."}],"words":[{"text":"So","start":2684.51,"end":2684.67},{"text":"this","start":2684.67,"end":2684.83},{"text":"would","start":2684.83,"end":2684.99},{"text":"keep","start":2684.99,"end":2685.23},{"text":"the","start":2685.23,"end":2685.31},{"text":"focus","start":2685.31,"end":2685.71},{"text":"on","start":2685.71,"end":2685.91},{"text":"capacity","start":2685.91,"end":2686.59},{"text":"and","start":2686.59,"end":2686.71},{"text":"not","start":2686.71,"end":2686.91},{"text":"weapons,","start":2686.91,"end":2687.47},{"text":"as","start":2687.47,"end":2687.67},{"text":"others","start":2687.67,"end":2687.91},{"text":"have","start":2687.91,"end":2688.03},{"text":"suggested.","start":2688.03,"end":2688.67}]},{"text":"And just to add that for us, including design might introduce another loophole here, which we would suggest to avoid at this stage, again, maintaining the broad scope for the elements of an instrument.","start":2689.63,"end":2700.27,"topics":[{"key":"laws-scope","label":"Scope of the LAWS Characterization","description":"Delegations debated how broadly lethal autonomous weapons systems should be characterized, including whether the text should remain a broad working characterization or be narrowed through exclusions. Speakers also discussed how to anchor the characterization within the scope, objectives, or application of the CCW."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":2689.63,"end":2689.91},{"text":"just","start":2689.91,"end":2690.31},{"text":"to","start":2690.31,"end":2690.39},{"text":"add","start":2690.39,"end":2690.59},{"text":"that","start":2690.59,"end":2690.75},{"text":"for","start":2690.75,"end":2690.99},{"text":"us,","start":2690.99,"end":2691.31},{"text":"including","start":2691.31,"end":2691.79},{"text":"design","start":2691.79,"end":2692.43},{"text":"might","start":2692.43,"end":2692.75},{"text":"introduce","start":2692.75,"end":2693.23},{"text":"another","start":2693.23,"end":2693.63},{"text":"loophole","start":2693.63,"end":2694.11},{"text":"here,","start":2694.11,"end":2694.51},{"text":"which","start":2694.63,"end":2694.83},{"text":"we","start":2694.83,"end":2694.99},{"text":"would","start":2694.99,"end":2695.15},{"text":"suggest","start":2695.15,"end":2695.51},{"text":"to","start":2695.51,"end":2695.59},{"text":"avoid","start":2695.59,"end":2696.03},{"text":"at","start":2696.03,"end":2696.15},{"text":"this","start":2696.15,"end":2696.31},{"text":"stage,","start":2696.31,"end":2696.75},{"text":"again,","start":2697.15,"end":2697.63},{"text":"maintaining","start":2697.63,"end":2698.15},{"text":"the","start":2698.15,"end":2698.23},{"text":"broad","start":2698.23,"end":2698.51},{"text":"scope","start":2698.51,"end":2698.91},{"text":"for","start":2698.91,"end":2699.03},{"text":"the","start":2699.03,"end":2699.19},{"text":"elements","start":2699.19,"end":2699.51},{"text":"of","start":2699.51,"end":2699.59},{"text":"an","start":2699.59,"end":2699.71},{"text":"instrument.","start":2699.71,"end":2700.27}]},{"text":"Thank you, Mr. Chair.","start":2700.59,"end":2701.31,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":2700.59,"end":2700.75},{"text":"you,","start":2700.75,"end":2700.87},{"text":"Mr.","start":2700.87,"end":2701.11},{"text":"Chair.","start":2701.11,"end":2701.31}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"IRL","group":null,"function":null,"affiliation_full":"Ireland"}},{"statement_number":19,"start":2719.67,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1t/k1t48lttgq?t=45:20","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Let me thank the distinguished representative of Ireland for sharing his views and making comments on the proposals and reacting to the proposals of other High Contracting Parties.","start":2719.67,"end":2729.99,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Let","start":2719.67,"end":2719.83},{"text":"me","start":2719.83,"end":2719.99},{"text":"thank","start":2719.99,"end":2720.23},{"text":"the","start":2720.23,"end":2720.31},{"text":"distinguished","start":2720.31,"end":2720.87},{"text":"representative","start":2721.11,"end":2721.99},{"text":"of","start":2721.99,"end":2722.07},{"text":"Ireland","start":2722.07,"end":2722.55},{"text":"for","start":2722.95,"end":2723.27},{"text":"sharing","start":2723.51,"end":2723.91},{"text":"his","start":2723.91,"end":2724.07},{"text":"views","start":2724.07,"end":2724.63},{"text":"and","start":2724.63,"end":2724.79},{"text":"making","start":2724.79,"end":2725.07},{"text":"comments","start":2725.07,"end":2725.47},{"text":"on","start":2725.47,"end":2725.59},{"text":"the","start":2725.59,"end":2725.67},{"text":"proposals","start":2725.67,"end":2726.31},{"text":"and","start":2726.31,"end":2726.43},{"text":"reacting","start":2726.43,"end":2726.87},{"text":"to","start":2726.87,"end":2726.99},{"text":"the","start":2726.99,"end":2727.11},{"text":"proposals","start":2727.11,"end":2727.67},{"text":"of","start":2727.71,"end":2727.91},{"text":"other","start":2728.07,"end":2728.43},{"text":"High","start":2728.71,"end":2728.87},{"text":"Contracting","start":2728.87,"end":2729.35},{"text":"Parties.","start":2729.35,"end":2729.99}]},{"text":"Next on my list is Singapore, to be followed by Switzerland and the United Arab Emirates, but let me first pass the floor to the distinguished representative of Singapore.","start":2730.63,"end":2740.63,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next","start":2730.63,"end":2730.99},{"text":"on","start":2730.99,"end":2731.07},{"text":"my","start":2731.07,"end":2731.19},{"text":"list","start":2731.19,"end":2731.43},{"text":"is","start":2731.43,"end":2731.51},{"text":"Singapore,","start":2731.51,"end":2732.23},{"text":"to","start":2732.23,"end":2732.39},{"text":"be","start":2732.39,"end":2732.63},{"text":"followed","start":2732.63,"end":2733.07},{"text":"by","start":2733.07,"end":2733.51},{"text":"Switzerland","start":2733.51,"end":2734.31},{"text":"and","start":2734.35,"end":2734.47},{"text":"the","start":2734.47,"end":2734.55},{"text":"United","start":2734.55,"end":2735.11},{"text":"Arab","start":2735.83,"end":2736.11},{"text":"Emirates,","start":2736.15,"end":2736.79},{"text":"but","start":2736.79,"end":2736.99},{"text":"let","start":2736.99,"end":2737.11},{"text":"me","start":2737.11,"end":2737.27},{"text":"first","start":2737.27,"end":2737.51},{"text":"pass","start":2737.51,"end":2737.83},{"text":"the","start":2737.83,"end":2737.91},{"text":"floor","start":2737.91,"end":2738.15},{"text":"to","start":2738.15,"end":2738.31},{"text":"the","start":2738.31,"end":2738.39},{"text":"distinguished","start":2738.39,"end":2739.11},{"text":"representative","start":2739.19,"end":2739.91},{"text":"of","start":2739.91,"end":2739.99},{"text":"Singapore.","start":2739.99,"end":2740.63}]},{"text":"So you have the floor.","start":2740.71,"end":2741.51,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":2740.71,"end":2740.87},{"text":"you","start":2740.87,"end":2740.95},{"text":"have","start":2740.95,"end":2741.11},{"text":"the","start":2741.11,"end":2741.19},{"text":"floor.","start":2741.19,"end":2741.51}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":null,"group":null,"function":"Chair","affiliation_full":null}},{"statement_number":20,"start":2743.91,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1t/k1t48lttgq?t=45:44","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Chair.","start":2743.91,"end":2744.63,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":2743.91,"end":2744.15},{"text":"you,","start":2744.15,"end":2744.23},{"text":"Chair.","start":2744.23,"end":2744.63}]},{"text":"My delegation wanted to really express our appreciation to you and your team for the quick turnaround of the text.","start":2745.31,"end":2751.51,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"My","start":2745.31,"end":2745.39},{"text":"delegation","start":2745.39,"end":2746.03},{"text":"wanted","start":2746.03,"end":2746.39},{"text":"to","start":2746.39,"end":2746.55},{"text":"really","start":2746.55,"end":2747.07},{"text":"express","start":2747.07,"end":2747.55},{"text":"our","start":2747.55,"end":2747.67},{"text":"appreciation","start":2747.67,"end":2748.43},{"text":"to","start":2748.43,"end":2748.55},{"text":"you","start":2748.55,"end":2748.79},{"text":"and","start":2748.79,"end":2748.95},{"text":"your","start":2748.95,"end":2749.15},{"text":"team","start":2749.15,"end":2749.47},{"text":"for","start":2749.47,"end":2749.95},{"text":"the","start":2750.03,"end":2750.27},{"text":"quick","start":2750.27,"end":2750.51},{"text":"turnaround","start":2750.51,"end":2750.91},{"text":"of","start":2750.91,"end":2750.99},{"text":"the","start":2750.99,"end":2751.07},{"text":"text.","start":2751.07,"end":2751.51}]},{"text":"Regarding paragraph 2, Singapore is open to the inclusion of a definition of lethality, which has the potential to provide further clarity to our discussion.","start":2752.43,"end":2762.43,"topics":[{"key":"lethality-definition","label":"Definition of Lethality","description":"A central issue was whether and how to explain the term \"lethal\" in the draft text. Delegations discussed whether lethality should refer to capacity, capability, design, or intent, and whether it should cover killing, injury, and damage to objects."}],"words":[{"text":"Regarding","start":2752.43,"end":2752.91},{"text":"paragraph","start":2752.91,"end":2753.47},{"text":"2,","start":2753.47,"end":2753.95},{"text":"Singapore","start":2754.75,"end":2755.27},{"text":"is","start":2755.27,"end":2755.47},{"text":"open","start":2755.47,"end":2755.87},{"text":"to","start":2755.87,"end":2755.99},{"text":"the","start":2755.99,"end":2756.07},{"text":"inclusion","start":2756.07,"end":2756.59},{"text":"of","start":2756.59,"end":2756.75},{"text":"a","start":2756.75,"end":2756.83},{"text":"definition","start":2756.83,"end":2757.51},{"text":"of","start":2757.51,"end":2757.79},{"text":"lethality,","start":2757.79,"end":2758.59},{"text":"which","start":2758.75,"end":2759.15},{"text":"has","start":2759.15,"end":2759.47},{"text":"the","start":2759.47,"end":2759.55},{"text":"potential","start":2759.55,"end":2760.19},{"text":"to","start":2760.19,"end":2760.35},{"text":"provide","start":2760.35,"end":2760.75},{"text":"further","start":2760.75,"end":2761.03},{"text":"clarity","start":2761.03,"end":2761.47},{"text":"to","start":2761.47,"end":2761.67},{"text":"our","start":2761.67,"end":2761.79},{"text":"discussion.","start":2761.79,"end":2762.43}]},{"text":"This helps to bring the meeting closer to convergence on our earlier discussions on the retention of the term.","start":2763.07,"end":2768.03,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":2763.07,"end":2763.47},{"text":"helps","start":2763.63,"end":2763.91},{"text":"to","start":2763.91,"end":2763.99},{"text":"bring","start":2763.99,"end":2764.19},{"text":"the","start":2764.19,"end":2764.27},{"text":"meeting","start":2764.27,"end":2764.59},{"text":"closer","start":2764.59,"end":2765.03},{"text":"to","start":2765.03,"end":2765.11},{"text":"convergence","start":2765.11,"end":2765.71},{"text":"on","start":2765.71,"end":2765.87},{"text":"our","start":2765.87,"end":2765.95},{"text":"earlier","start":2765.95,"end":2766.23},{"text":"discussions","start":2766.23,"end":2766.79},{"text":"on","start":2766.79,"end":2766.87},{"text":"the","start":2766.87,"end":2766.95},{"text":"retention","start":2766.95,"end":2767.43},{"text":"of","start":2767.43,"end":2767.55},{"text":"the","start":2767.55,"end":2767.63},{"text":"term.","start":2767.63,"end":2768.03}]},{"text":"With regard to the current formulation on what lethal means, An intuitive understanding of this word is that it causes death.","start":2768.99,"end":2777.19,"topics":[{"key":"lethality-definition","label":"Definition of Lethality","description":"A central issue was whether and how to explain the term \"lethal\" in the draft text. Delegations discussed whether lethality should refer to capacity, capability, design, or intent, and whether it should cover killing, injury, and damage to objects."}],"words":[{"text":"With","start":2768.99,"end":2769.19},{"text":"regard","start":2769.19,"end":2769.55},{"text":"to","start":2769.55,"end":2769.67},{"text":"the","start":2769.67,"end":2769.75},{"text":"current","start":2769.75,"end":2770.19},{"text":"formulation","start":2770.19,"end":2770.91},{"text":"on","start":2770.91,"end":2771.07},{"text":"what","start":2771.07,"end":2771.39},{"text":"lethal","start":2771.55,"end":2772.03},{"text":"means,","start":2772.03,"end":2772.67},{"text":"An","start":2773.39,"end":2773.59},{"text":"intuitive","start":2773.59,"end":2774.15},{"text":"understanding","start":2774.15,"end":2774.79},{"text":"of","start":2774.79,"end":2774.95},{"text":"this","start":2774.95,"end":2775.19},{"text":"word","start":2775.19,"end":2775.51},{"text":"is","start":2775.51,"end":2775.67},{"text":"that","start":2775.67,"end":2775.91},{"text":"it","start":2776.23,"end":2776.39},{"text":"causes","start":2776.39,"end":2776.79},{"text":"death.","start":2776.79,"end":2777.19}]},{"text":"This element of mortality is crucial in differentiating the word \"lethal\" from other adjectives such as the word \"harmful\".","start":2778.31,"end":2785.67,"topics":[{"key":"lethality-definition","label":"Definition of Lethality","description":"A central issue was whether and how to explain the term \"lethal\" in the draft text. Delegations discussed whether lethality should refer to capacity, capability, design, or intent, and whether it should cover killing, injury, and damage to objects."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":2778.31,"end":2778.59},{"text":"element","start":2778.59,"end":2779.07},{"text":"of","start":2779.07,"end":2779.19},{"text":"mortality","start":2779.19,"end":2780.07},{"text":"is","start":2780.23,"end":2780.47},{"text":"crucial","start":2780.47,"end":2781.11},{"text":"in","start":2781.19,"end":2781.35},{"text":"differentiating","start":2781.35,"end":2782.19},{"text":"the","start":2782.19,"end":2782.31},{"text":"word","start":2782.31,"end":2782.55},{"text":"\"lethal\"","start":2782.55,"end":2783.15},{"text":"from","start":2783.15,"end":2783.43},{"text":"other","start":2783.43,"end":2783.67},{"text":"adjectives","start":2783.67,"end":2784.23},{"text":"such","start":2784.23,"end":2784.63},{"text":"as","start":2784.63,"end":2784.79},{"text":"the","start":2784.79,"end":2784.87},{"text":"word","start":2784.87,"end":2785.07},{"text":"\"harmful\".","start":2785.07,"end":2785.67}]},{"text":"One possible change to improve clarity could be to end the sentence at \"the capacity to kill\", which could help bring the working definition more in line with the spirit of the word \"lethal\".","start":2786.79,"end":2797.51,"topics":[{"key":"lethality-definition","label":"Definition of Lethality","description":"A central issue was whether and how to explain the term \"lethal\" in the draft text. 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Delegations discussed whether lethality should refer to capacity, capability, design, or intent, and whether it should cover killing, injury, and damage to objects."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":2807.55,"end":2807.75},{"text":"addition,","start":2807.75,"end":2808.27},{"text":"my","start":2808.51,"end":2808.83},{"text":"delegation","start":2808.83,"end":2809.43},{"text":"is","start":2809.43,"end":2809.55},{"text":"of","start":2809.55,"end":2809.63},{"text":"the","start":2809.63,"end":2809.75},{"text":"view","start":2809.75,"end":2810.03},{"text":"that","start":2810.03,"end":2810.23},{"text":"the","start":2810.23,"end":2810.35},{"text":"current","start":2810.35,"end":2810.87},{"text":"formulation","start":2810.87,"end":2811.55},{"text":"with","start":2811.55,"end":2811.75},{"text":"\"capacity\"","start":2811.79,"end":2812.67},{"text":"in","start":2812.83,"end":2812.99},{"text":"the","start":2812.99,"end":2813.07},{"text":"paragraph","start":2813.07,"end":2813.71},{"text":"is","start":2813.71,"end":2813.95},{"text":"vague","start":2814.35,"end":2814.71},{"text":"and","start":2814.71,"end":2814.87},{"text":"potentially","start":2814.87,"end":2815.63},{"text":"overly","start":2815.63,"end":2815.95},{"text":"expansive.","start":2815.95,"end":2816.75}]},{"text":"It could risk giving the impression that death and injury are comparable and permitting a very wide range of systems to qualify as lethal, such as tasers, pepper spray, high-pressure water cannons.","start":2817.55,"end":2829.55,"topics":[{"key":"lethality-definition","label":"Definition of Lethality","description":"A central issue was whether and how to explain the term \"lethal\" in the draft text. Delegations discussed whether lethality should refer to capacity, capability, design, or intent, and whether it should cover killing, injury, and damage to objects."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":2817.55,"end":2817.71},{"text":"could","start":2817.71,"end":2817.99},{"text":"risk","start":2817.99,"end":2818.39},{"text":"giving","start":2818.39,"end":2818.71},{"text":"the","start":2818.71,"end":2818.79},{"text":"impression","start":2818.79,"end":2819.35},{"text":"that","start":2819.35,"end":2819.55},{"text":"death","start":2819.55,"end":2819.95},{"text":"and","start":2819.95,"end":2820.15},{"text":"injury","start":2820.15,"end":2820.67},{"text":"are","start":2820.67,"end":2820.75},{"text":"comparable","start":2820.75,"end":2821.63},{"text":"and","start":2822.11,"end":2822.35},{"text":"permitting","start":2822.35,"end":2822.83},{"text":"a","start":2822.83,"end":2822.87},{"text":"very","start":2822.87,"end":2823.15},{"text":"wide","start":2823.15,"end":2823.55},{"text":"range","start":2823.55,"end":2823.87},{"text":"of","start":2823.87,"end":2824.03},{"text":"systems","start":2824.03,"end":2824.51},{"text":"to","start":2824.51,"end":2824.59},{"text":"qualify","start":2824.59,"end":2825.07},{"text":"as","start":2825.07,"end":2825.31},{"text":"lethal,","start":2825.31,"end":2825.79},{"text":"such","start":2826.11,"end":2826.43},{"text":"as","start":2826.43,"end":2826.59},{"text":"tasers,","start":2826.59,"end":2827.31},{"text":"pepper","start":2827.31,"end":2827.63},{"text":"spray,","start":2827.63,"end":2828.11},{"text":"high-pressure","start":2828.11,"end":2828.75},{"text":"water","start":2828.75,"end":2828.99},{"text":"cannons.","start":2828.99,"end":2829.55}]},{"text":"So one possible option to improve clarity is to replace the word \"capacity to\" with \"designed to\" or \"intended to.\"","start":2830.55,"end":2838.63,"topics":[{"key":"lethality-definition","label":"Definition of Lethality","description":"A central issue was whether and how to explain the term \"lethal\" in the draft text. Delegations discussed whether lethality should refer to capacity, capability, design, or intent, and whether it should cover killing, injury, and damage to objects."}],"words":[{"text":"So","start":2830.55,"end":2830.59},{"text":"one","start":2830.59,"end":2830.79},{"text":"possible","start":2830.79,"end":2831.43},{"text":"option","start":2831.43,"end":2831.91},{"text":"to","start":2831.91,"end":2832.07},{"text":"improve","start":2832.07,"end":2832.47},{"text":"clarity","start":2832.47,"end":2833.19},{"text":"is","start":2833.59,"end":2833.83},{"text":"to","start":2833.83,"end":2833.95},{"text":"replace","start":2833.95,"end":2834.47},{"text":"the","start":2834.47,"end":2834.59},{"text":"word","start":2834.59,"end":2834.87},{"text":"\"capacity","start":2834.87,"end":2835.59},{"text":"to\"","start":2835.59,"end":2835.91},{"text":"with","start":2835.91,"end":2836.11},{"text":"\"designed","start":2836.63,"end":2837.23},{"text":"to\"","start":2837.23,"end":2837.51},{"text":"or","start":2837.51,"end":2837.75},{"text":"\"intended","start":2837.75,"end":2838.31},{"text":"to.\"","start":2838.31,"end":2838.63}]},{"text":"We are also open to the Asia Pacific Institute's grammatical suggestions.","start":2839.67,"end":2843.59,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":2839.67,"end":2839.83},{"text":"are","start":2839.83,"end":2839.91},{"text":"also","start":2839.91,"end":2840.19},{"text":"open","start":2840.19,"end":2840.47},{"text":"to","start":2840.47,"end":2840.59},{"text":"the","start":2840.59,"end":2840.67},{"text":"Asia","start":2840.67,"end":2840.91},{"text":"Pacific","start":2840.91,"end":2841.31},{"text":"Institute's","start":2841.31,"end":2841.79},{"text":"grammatical","start":2841.79,"end":2842.71},{"text":"suggestions.","start":2842.87,"end":2843.59}]},{"text":"The sentence, therefore, now reads, \"Lethal weapons means weapons that are designed to kill,\" or \"Lethal weapons means weapons that are intended to kill.\"","start":2844.39,"end":2853.83,"topics":[{"key":"lethality-definition","label":"Definition of Lethality","description":"A central issue was whether and how to explain the term \"lethal\" in the draft text. Delegations discussed whether lethality should refer to capacity, capability, design, or intent, and whether it should cover killing, injury, and damage to objects."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2844.39,"end":2844.59},{"text":"sentence,","start":2844.59,"end":2845.11},{"text":"therefore,","start":2845.11,"end":2845.51},{"text":"now","start":2845.51,"end":2845.67},{"text":"reads,","start":2845.67,"end":2846.23},{"text":"\"Lethal","start":2846.71,"end":2847.11},{"text":"weapons","start":2847.11,"end":2847.83},{"text":"means","start":2847.91,"end":2848.47},{"text":"weapons","start":2848.47,"end":2848.99},{"text":"that","start":2848.99,"end":2849.19},{"text":"are","start":2849.19,"end":2849.35},{"text":"designed","start":2849.35,"end":2849.87},{"text":"to","start":2849.87,"end":2849.99},{"text":"kill,\"","start":2849.99,"end":2850.39},{"text":"or","start":2851.03,"end":2851.31},{"text":"\"Lethal","start":2851.31,"end":2851.67},{"text":"weapons","start":2851.67,"end":2852.15},{"text":"means","start":2852.15,"end":2852.39},{"text":"weapons","start":2852.39,"end":2852.83},{"text":"that","start":2852.83,"end":2852.95},{"text":"are","start":2852.95,"end":2853.03},{"text":"intended","start":2853.03,"end":2853.43},{"text":"to","start":2853.43,"end":2853.55},{"text":"kill.\"","start":2853.55,"end":2853.83}]},{"text":"This could help make clear that loss is intended for the purposes of causing death.","start":2854.47,"end":2859.19,"topics":[{"key":"lethality-definition","label":"Definition of Lethality","description":"A central issue was whether and how to explain the term \"lethal\" in the draft text. Delegations discussed whether lethality should refer to capacity, capability, design, or intent, and whether it should cover killing, injury, and damage to objects."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":2854.47,"end":2854.79},{"text":"could","start":2854.79,"end":2855.11},{"text":"help","start":2855.11,"end":2855.35},{"text":"make","start":2855.51,"end":2855.87},{"text":"clear","start":2855.87,"end":2856.11},{"text":"that","start":2856.11,"end":2856.31},{"text":"loss","start":2856.31,"end":2856.71},{"text":"is","start":2856.79,"end":2857.03},{"text":"intended","start":2857.03,"end":2857.51},{"text":"for","start":2857.51,"end":2857.63},{"text":"the","start":2857.63,"end":2857.75},{"text":"purposes","start":2857.75,"end":2858.31},{"text":"of","start":2858.31,"end":2858.47},{"text":"causing","start":2858.51,"end":2858.87},{"text":"death.","start":2858.87,"end":2859.19}]},{"text":"Singapore is open to further discussions with other delegations on how to improve this working definition of lethality.","start":2860.15,"end":2865.59,"topics":[{"key":"lethality-definition","label":"Definition of Lethality","description":"A central issue was whether and how to explain the term \"lethal\" in the draft text. Delegations discussed whether lethality should refer to capacity, capability, design, or intent, and whether it should cover killing, injury, and damage to 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Chair.","start":2865.67,"end":2866.31,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":2865.67,"end":2865.83},{"text":"thank","start":2865.83,"end":2866.03},{"text":"you,","start":2866.03,"end":2866.11},{"text":"Chair.","start":2866.11,"end":2866.31}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"SGP","group":null,"function":null,"affiliation_full":"Singapore"}},{"statement_number":21,"start":2868.39,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1t/k1t48lttgq?t=47:49","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Let me thank the distinguished representative of Singapore for sharing the views of his delegation and making 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Emirates, the UK and the Russian Federation.","start":2874.79,"end":2883.51,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next","start":2874.79,"end":2875.27},{"text":"on","start":2875.35,"end":2875.51},{"text":"my","start":2875.51,"end":2875.99},{"text":"list","start":2876.23,"end":2876.63},{"text":"is","start":2876.63,"end":2876.87},{"text":"Switzerland,","start":2877.11,"end":2877.87},{"text":"to","start":2877.87,"end":2878.47},{"text":"be","start":2878.71,"end":2878.95},{"text":"followed","start":2878.95,"end":2879.39},{"text":"by","start":2879.39,"end":2879.51},{"text":"the","start":2879.51,"end":2879.59},{"text":"United","start":2879.67,"end":2880.31},{"text":"Arab","start":2880.31,"end":2880.67},{"text":"Emirates,","start":2881.03,"end":2881.59},{"text":"the","start":2881.63,"end":2881.71},{"text":"UK","start":2881.71,"end":2882.31},{"text":"and","start":2882.31,"end":2882.51},{"text":"the","start":2882.51,"end":2882.59},{"text":"Russian","start":2882.59,"end":2882.87},{"text":"Federation.","start":2882.87,"end":2883.51}]},{"text":"But first, Switzerland, you have the floor.","start":2883.91,"end":2885.59,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"But","start":2883.91,"end":2884.07},{"text":"first,","start":2884.07,"end":2884.31},{"text":"Switzerland,","start":2884.31,"end":2884.87},{"text":"you","start":2884.95,"end":2885.07},{"text":"have","start":2885.07,"end":2885.27},{"text":"the","start":2885.27,"end":2885.35},{"text":"floor.","start":2885.35,"end":2885.59}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":null,"group":null,"function":"Chair","affiliation_full":null}},{"statement_number":22,"start":2892.39,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1t/k1t48lttgq?t=48:13","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you.","start":2892.39,"end":2892.79,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":2892.39,"end":2892.67},{"text":"you.","start":2892.67,"end":2892.79}]},{"text":"First, we want to thank you for the diligence with which you have discharged your duties and for having swiftly submitted to our consideration an updated version of the rolling 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also commend your approach to move forward iteratively and in a targeted fashion when it comes to the way the text 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para 1, in box 1, we would make the three following remarks.","start":2924.47,"end":2932.23,"topics":[{"key":"laws-scope","label":"Scope of the LAWS Characterization","description":"Delegations debated how broadly lethal autonomous weapons systems should be characterized, including whether the text should remain a broad working characterization or be narrowed through exclusions. Speakers also discussed how to anchor the characterization within the scope, objectives, or application of the CCW."}],"words":[{"text":"On","start":2924.47,"end":2924.63},{"text":"para","start":2924.63,"end":2924.95},{"text":"1,","start":2924.95,"end":2925.75},{"text":"in","start":2926.63,"end":2926.87},{"text":"box","start":2926.87,"end":2927.27},{"text":"1,","start":2927.27,"end":2927.83},{"text":"we","start":2927.99,"end":2928.23},{"text":"would","start":2928.23,"end":2929.03},{"text":"make","start":2929.03,"end":2929.67},{"text":"the","start":2930.55,"end":2930.79},{"text":"three","start":2930.79,"end":2931.11},{"text":"following","start":2931.11,"end":2931.51},{"text":"remarks.","start":2931.51,"end":2932.23}]},{"text":"First, characterization that the GGE is working on only applies to the CCW because the contracting parties to our convention don't have the capacity to speak on behalf of other bodies or organisms.","start":2933.27,"end":2956.23,"topics":[{"key":"laws-scope","label":"Scope of the LAWS Characterization","description":"Delegations debated how broadly lethal autonomous weapons systems should be characterized, including whether the text should remain a broad working characterization or be narrowed through exclusions. Speakers also discussed how to anchor the characterization within the scope, objectives, or application of the CCW."}],"words":[{"text":"First,","start":2933.27,"end":2933.67},{"text":"characterization","start":2935.67,"end":2937.19},{"text":"that","start":2939.03,"end":2939.27},{"text":"the","start":2939.27,"end":2939.47},{"text":"GGE","start":2939.51,"end":2940.15},{"text":"is","start":2940.15,"end":2940.31},{"text":"working","start":2940.31,"end":2941.03},{"text":"on","start":2941.03,"end":2941.27},{"text":"only","start":2941.43,"end":2941.91},{"text":"applies","start":2941.91,"end":2942.87},{"text":"to","start":2945.75,"end":2945.99},{"text":"the","start":2947.03,"end":2947.19},{"text":"CCW","start":2947.19,"end":2947.75},{"text":"because","start":2947.75,"end":2948.39},{"text":"the","start":2948.39,"end":2949.19},{"text":"contracting","start":2949.35,"end":2950.23},{"text":"parties","start":2950.23,"end":2951.11},{"text":"to","start":2951.11,"end":2951.35},{"text":"our","start":2951.35,"end":2951.43},{"text":"convention","start":2951.43,"end":2951.99},{"text":"don't","start":2951.99,"end":2952.31},{"text":"have","start":2952.31,"end":2952.55},{"text":"the","start":2952.55,"end":2952.67},{"text":"capacity","start":2952.95,"end":2953.47},{"text":"to","start":2953.47,"end":2953.55},{"text":"speak","start":2953.55,"end":2953.79},{"text":"on","start":2953.79,"end":2953.91},{"text":"behalf","start":2953.91,"end":2954.31},{"text":"of","start":2954.31,"end":2954.47},{"text":"other","start":2954.47,"end":2954.87},{"text":"bodies","start":2955.03,"end":2955.51},{"text":"or","start":2955.51,"end":2955.59},{"text":"organisms.","start":2955.59,"end":2956.23}]},{"text":"However, it is useful to clarify that state of facts if that facilitates the progress of our work and if it guarantees that this doesn't generate any confusion when it comes to the scope, especially when it comes to characterization.","start":2956.63,"end":2972.71,"topics":[{"key":"laws-scope","label":"Scope of the LAWS Characterization","description":"Delegations debated how broadly lethal autonomous weapons systems should be characterized, including whether the text should remain a broad working characterization or be narrowed through exclusions. 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Speakers also discussed how to anchor the characterization within the scope, objectives, or application of the 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a priority in that characterisation, what we need to cover is the capacity of laws to operate autonomously in certain functions, and not the way in which the system operates.","start":3019.55,"end":3034.43,"topics":[{"key":"critical-functions","label":"Critical Functions: Identify, Select and Engage","description":"Many statements focused on which functions should define autonomy in weapons systems, especially whether \"identify\" should be retained alongside \"select\" and \"engage.\" Delegations disagreed over a cumulative approach versus a broader formulation and used operational examples to clarify the 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new wording makes that aspect clearer, and we want to support it.","start":3035.07,"end":3042.19,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":3035.07,"end":3035.19},{"text":"new","start":3035.23,"end":3035.55},{"text":"wording","start":3035.55,"end":3036.27},{"text":"makes","start":3037.23,"end":3037.63},{"text":"that","start":3037.63,"end":3037.91},{"text":"aspect","start":3037.95,"end":3038.67},{"text":"clearer,","start":3038.67,"end":3039.31},{"text":"and","start":3040.15,"end":3040.39},{"text":"we","start":3040.39,"end":3040.59},{"text":"want","start":3040.59,"end":3040.99},{"text":"to","start":3041.23,"end":3041.47},{"text":"support","start":3041.47,"end":3041.95},{"text":"it.","start":3041.95,"end":3042.19}]},{"text":"Next.","start":3047.87,"end":3048.43,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next.","start":3047.87,"end":3048.43}]},{"text":"We think that a more in-depth discussion based on tangible examples is necessary to better understand the various approaches or understandings of the term \"identify\".","start":3049.15,"end":3062.35,"topics":[{"key":"critical-functions","label":"Critical Functions: Identify, Select and Engage","description":"Many statements focused on which functions should define autonomy in weapons systems, especially whether \"identify\" should be retained alongside \"select\" and \"engage.\" Delegations disagreed over a cumulative approach versus a broader formulation and used operational examples to clarify the 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relates also to the terms \"select\" and \"engage\", as you yourself noted.","start":3062.91,"end":3070.83,"topics":[{"key":"critical-functions","label":"Critical Functions: Identify, Select and Engage","description":"Many statements focused on which functions should define autonomy in weapons systems, especially whether \"identify\" should be retained alongside \"select\" and \"engage.\" Delegations disagreed over a cumulative approach versus a broader formulation and used operational examples to clarify the 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that respect, we think that the deletion of the term \"identify is an option we might envisage, indeed, we might desire, either since the deletion would allow us to make progress without doing any damage, for the following reasons.","start":3093.91,"end":3113.59,"topics":[{"key":"critical-functions","label":"Critical Functions: Identify, Select and Engage","description":"Many statements focused on which functions should define autonomy in weapons systems, especially whether \"identify\" should be retained alongside \"select\" and \"engage.\" Delegations disagreed over a cumulative approach versus a broader formulation and used operational examples to clarify the 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means, by its definition, prior identification.","start":3114.31,"end":3120.55,"topics":[{"key":"critical-functions","label":"Critical Functions: Identify, Select and Engage","description":"Many statements focused on which functions should define autonomy in weapons systems, especially whether \"identify\" should be retained alongside \"select\" and \"engage.\" Delegations disagreed over a cumulative approach versus a broader formulation and used operational examples to clarify the implications."}],"words":[{"text":"Selection","start":3114.31,"end":3115.11},{"text":"means,","start":3115.51,"end":3116.07},{"text":"by","start":3116.07,"end":3116.31},{"text":"its","start":3116.31,"end":3116.47},{"text":"definition,","start":3116.47,"end":3117.19},{"text":"prior","start":3119.03,"end":3119.47},{"text":"identification.","start":3119.47,"end":3120.55}]},{"text":"The act of selecting a target intrinsically includes a form of identification.","start":3120.87,"end":3127.67,"topics":[{"key":"critical-functions","label":"Critical Functions: Identify, Select and Engage","description":"Many statements focused on which functions should define autonomy in weapons systems, especially whether \"identify\" should be retained alongside \"select\" and \"engage.\" Delegations disagreed over a cumulative approach versus a broader formulation and used operational examples to clarify the implications."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":3120.87,"end":3121.07},{"text":"act","start":3121.07,"end":3121.43},{"text":"of","start":3121.43,"end":3121.59},{"text":"selecting","start":3121.59,"end":3122.11},{"text":"a","start":3122.11,"end":3122.15},{"text":"target","start":3122.15,"end":3122.79},{"text":"intrinsically","start":3124.07,"end":3124.83},{"text":"includes","start":3124.83,"end":3125.83},{"text":"a","start":3126.07,"end":3126.11},{"text":"form","start":3126.11,"end":3126.43},{"text":"of","start":3126.43,"end":3126.55},{"text":"identification.","start":3126.71,"end":3127.67}]},{"text":"So, we think A system cannot select a target without first distinguish it from what is not being target.","start":3128.15,"end":3137.83,"topics":[{"key":"critical-functions","label":"Critical Functions: Identify, Select and Engage","description":"Many statements focused on which functions should define autonomy in weapons systems, especially whether \"identify\" should be retained alongside \"select\" and \"engage.\" Delegations disagreed over a cumulative approach versus a broader formulation and used operational examples to clarify the implications."}],"words":[{"text":"So,","start":3128.15,"end":3128.47},{"text":"we","start":3128.47,"end":3128.55},{"text":"think","start":3128.55,"end":3128.87},{"text":"A","start":3130.07,"end":3130.11},{"text":"system","start":3130.11,"end":3131.03},{"text":"cannot","start":3131.11,"end":3131.67},{"text":"select","start":3131.67,"end":3132.31},{"text":"a","start":3132.31,"end":3132.35},{"text":"target","start":3132.35,"end":3132.71},{"text":"without","start":3132.71,"end":3133.51},{"text":"first","start":3133.83,"end":3134.39},{"text":"distinguish","start":3134.87,"end":3135.67},{"text":"it","start":3135.67,"end":3135.91},{"text":"from","start":3135.99,"end":3136.23},{"text":"what","start":3136.23,"end":3136.47},{"text":"is","start":3136.47,"end":3136.71},{"text":"not","start":3136.71,"end":3137.07},{"text":"being","start":3137.07,"end":3137.35},{"text":"target.","start":3137.35,"end":3137.83}]},{"text":"In other words, it's identifying it.","start":3137.91,"end":3141.19,"topics":[{"key":"critical-functions","label":"Critical Functions: Identify, Select and Engage","description":"Many statements focused on which functions should define autonomy in weapons systems, especially whether \"identify\" should be retained alongside \"select\" and \"engage.\" Delegations disagreed over a cumulative approach versus a broader formulation and used operational examples to clarify the implications."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":3137.91,"end":3138.03},{"text":"other","start":3138.03,"end":3138.23},{"text":"words,","start":3138.23,"end":3138.51},{"text":"it's","start":3138.51,"end":3138.79},{"text":"identifying","start":3138.79,"end":3139.75},{"text":"it.","start":3140.95,"end":3141.19}]},{"text":"And so therefore it's conceptually covered by the term select.","start":3141.43,"end":3145.51,"topics":[{"key":"critical-functions","label":"Critical Functions: Identify, Select and Engage","description":"Many statements focused on which functions should define autonomy in weapons systems, especially whether \"identify\" should be retained alongside \"select\" and \"engage.\" Delegations disagreed over a cumulative approach versus a broader formulation and used operational examples to clarify the implications."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":3141.43,"end":3141.59},{"text":"so","start":3141.59,"end":3141.71},{"text":"therefore","start":3141.71,"end":3142.07},{"text":"it's","start":3142.07,"end":3142.95},{"text":"conceptually","start":3143.27,"end":3143.83},{"text":"covered","start":3143.83,"end":3144.23},{"text":"by","start":3144.23,"end":3144.39},{"text":"the","start":3144.39,"end":3144.51},{"text":"term","start":3144.51,"end":3144.87},{"text":"select.","start":3144.87,"end":3145.51}]},{"text":"Furthermore, the term identify that could lead to much broader interpretations or the inclusion of elements legally wider elements like recognition or general knowledge of the situation, and these aren't necessarily related to the functions of autonomy that lie at the heart of our considerations.","start":3145.75,"end":3173.75,"topics":[{"key":"critical-functions","label":"Critical Functions: Identify, Select and Engage","description":"Many statements focused on which functions should define autonomy in weapons systems, especially whether \"identify\" should be retained alongside \"select\" and \"engage.\" Delegations disagreed over a cumulative approach versus a broader formulation and used operational examples to clarify the implications."}],"words":[{"text":"Furthermore,","start":3145.75,"end":3146.55},{"text":"the","start":3146.71,"end":3146.83},{"text":"term","start":3146.83,"end":3147.11},{"text":"identify","start":3147.11,"end":3147.75},{"text":"that","start":3149.19,"end":3149.43},{"text":"could","start":3149.43,"end":3150.39},{"text":"lead","start":3152.23,"end":3152.63},{"text":"to","start":3152.63,"end":3152.83},{"text":"much","start":3152.83,"end":3153.03},{"text":"broader","start":3153.03,"end":3153.59},{"text":"interpretations","start":3153.59,"end":3155.35},{"text":"or","start":3155.35,"end":3155.59},{"text":"the","start":3155.59,"end":3155.79},{"text":"inclusion","start":3155.83,"end":3156.51},{"text":"of","start":3156.51,"end":3156.63},{"text":"elements","start":3156.63,"end":3157.43},{"text":"legally","start":3159.35,"end":3159.99},{"text":"wider","start":3160.55,"end":3161.11},{"text":"elements","start":3161.11,"end":3161.83},{"text":"like","start":3161.83,"end":3161.99},{"text":"recognition","start":3161.99,"end":3163.19},{"text":"or","start":3163.19,"end":3163.35},{"text":"general","start":3163.35,"end":3164.15},{"text":"knowledge","start":3164.15,"end":3164.71},{"text":"of","start":3164.71,"end":3164.79},{"text":"the","start":3164.79,"end":3164.87},{"text":"situation,","start":3164.87,"end":3165.75},{"text":"and","start":3166.23,"end":3166.43},{"text":"these","start":3166.43,"end":3166.95},{"text":"aren't","start":3166.95,"end":3167.51},{"text":"necessarily","start":3167.51,"end":3168.23},{"text":"related","start":3168.23,"end":3168.87},{"text":"to","start":3169.19,"end":3169.39},{"text":"the","start":3169.39,"end":3169.51},{"text":"functions","start":3169.51,"end":3170.03},{"text":"of","start":3170.03,"end":3170.23},{"text":"autonomy","start":3170.23,"end":3171.11},{"text":"that","start":3171.51,"end":3171.75},{"text":"lie","start":3171.75,"end":3171.99},{"text":"at","start":3171.99,"end":3172.15},{"text":"the","start":3172.15,"end":3172.31},{"text":"heart","start":3172.31,"end":3172.63},{"text":"of","start":3172.63,"end":3172.79},{"text":"our","start":3172.79,"end":3172.87},{"text":"considerations.","start":3172.87,"end":3173.75}]},{"text":"Therefore, keeping the term \"identify\" could create confusion, meaning that all systems with capacity to identify could fall within that characterization, even if they don't select or engage targets autonomously.","start":3177.43,"end":3197.31,"topics":[{"key":"critical-functions","label":"Critical Functions: Identify, Select and Engage","description":"Many statements focused on which functions should define autonomy in weapons systems, especially whether \"identify\" should be retained alongside \"select\" and \"engage.\" Delegations disagreed over a cumulative approach versus a broader formulation and used operational examples to clarify the implications."}],"words":[{"text":"Therefore,","start":3177.43,"end":3177.95},{"text":"keeping","start":3177.95,"end":3178.47},{"text":"the","start":3178.47,"end":3178.55},{"text":"term","start":3178.55,"end":3178.87},{"text":"\"identify\"","start":3178.87,"end":3180.31},{"text":"could","start":3180.71,"end":3181.03},{"text":"create","start":3181.03,"end":3181.51},{"text":"confusion,","start":3181.59,"end":3182.55},{"text":"meaning","start":3183.11,"end":3183.51},{"text":"that","start":3183.51,"end":3183.75},{"text":"all","start":3183.75,"end":3184.15},{"text":"systems","start":3184.47,"end":3185.51},{"text":"with","start":3186.43,"end":3186.67},{"text":"capacity","start":3186.67,"end":3187.27},{"text":"to","start":3187.27,"end":3187.35},{"text":"identify","start":3187.39,"end":3188.51},{"text":"could","start":3188.99,"end":3189.39},{"text":"fall","start":3189.63,"end":3190.19},{"text":"within","start":3190.19,"end":3190.55},{"text":"that","start":3190.55,"end":3190.71},{"text":"characterization,","start":3190.71,"end":3191.79},{"text":"even","start":3192.35,"end":3192.75},{"text":"if","start":3192.75,"end":3192.91},{"text":"they","start":3192.91,"end":3192.99},{"text":"don't","start":3192.99,"end":3193.47},{"text":"select","start":3193.47,"end":3194.19},{"text":"or","start":3194.19,"end":3194.43},{"text":"engage","start":3194.43,"end":3195.23},{"text":"targets","start":3195.79,"end":3196.43},{"text":"autonomously.","start":3196.43,"end":3197.31}]},{"text":"Finally, by placing emphasis on select and engage, the characterization targets specifically the functions of essential autonomy, which raise legal, ethical and operational concerns.","start":3199.31,"end":3216.59,"topics":[{"key":"critical-functions","label":"Critical Functions: Identify, Select and Engage","description":"Many statements focused on which functions should define autonomy in weapons systems, especially whether \"identify\" should be retained alongside \"select\" and \"engage.\" Delegations disagreed over a cumulative approach versus a broader formulation and used operational examples to clarify the implications."},{"key":"ihl-compliance","label":"International Humanitarian Law and Responsibility","description":"Delegations repeatedly linked the characterization of autonomous weapons to existing international humanitarian law, including protection of civilians, injury, attacks on objects, and accountability for use. Several speakers emphasized that human involvement and system design must preserve legal responsibility under IHL."}],"words":[{"text":"Finally,","start":3199.31,"end":3199.91},{"text":"by","start":3202.43,"end":3202.59},{"text":"placing","start":3202.59,"end":3203.15},{"text":"emphasis","start":3203.15,"end":3203.63},{"text":"on","start":3203.63,"end":3203.79},{"text":"select","start":3203.79,"end":3204.27},{"text":"and","start":3204.27,"end":3204.63},{"text":"engage,","start":3204.63,"end":3205.63},{"text":"the","start":3205.87,"end":3205.99},{"text":"characterization","start":3205.99,"end":3207.47},{"text":"targets","start":3208.59,"end":3209.15},{"text":"specifically","start":3209.15,"end":3209.87},{"text":"the","start":3209.87,"end":3209.95},{"text":"functions","start":3209.95,"end":3210.43},{"text":"of","start":3210.43,"end":3210.67},{"text":"essential","start":3210.83,"end":3212.03},{"text":"autonomy,","start":3212.03,"end":3212.75},{"text":"which","start":3212.87,"end":3213.15},{"text":"raise","start":3213.15,"end":3213.63},{"text":"legal,","start":3213.71,"end":3214.27},{"text":"ethical","start":3214.35,"end":3214.91},{"text":"and","start":3215.15,"end":3215.27},{"text":"operational","start":3215.27,"end":3215.87},{"text":"concerns.","start":3215.87,"end":3216.59}]},{"text":"However, whereas identify could introduce pointless complexity without really adding value.","start":3218.11,"end":3228.15,"topics":[{"key":"critical-functions","label":"Critical Functions: Identify, Select and Engage","description":"Many statements focused on which functions should define autonomy in weapons systems, especially whether \"identify\" should be retained alongside \"select\" and \"engage.\" Delegations disagreed over a cumulative approach versus a broader formulation and used operational examples to clarify the implications."}],"words":[{"text":"However,","start":3218.11,"end":3218.55},{"text":"whereas","start":3218.55,"end":3218.99},{"text":"identify","start":3218.99,"end":3219.95},{"text":"could","start":3219.95,"end":3220.27},{"text":"introduce","start":3220.27,"end":3221.15},{"text":"pointless","start":3222.03,"end":3222.59},{"text":"complexity","start":3222.59,"end":3223.71},{"text":"without","start":3223.71,"end":3224.11},{"text":"really","start":3224.11,"end":3224.75},{"text":"adding","start":3225.35,"end":3225.83},{"text":"value.","start":3226.95,"end":3228.15}]},{"text":"Therefore, leaving out the term \"identify\" would not weaken the characterisation.","start":3228.47,"end":3236.79,"topics":[{"key":"critical-functions","label":"Critical Functions: Identify, Select and Engage","description":"Many statements focused on which functions should define autonomy in weapons systems, especially whether \"identify\" should be retained alongside \"select\" and \"engage.\" Delegations disagreed over a cumulative approach versus a broader formulation and used operational examples to clarify the implications."}],"words":[{"text":"Therefore,","start":3228.47,"end":3229.35},{"text":"leaving","start":3229.99,"end":3230.47},{"text":"out","start":3230.47,"end":3230.79},{"text":"the","start":3230.79,"end":3230.95},{"text":"term","start":3230.95,"end":3231.27},{"text":"\"identify\"","start":3231.27,"end":3232.47},{"text":"would","start":3232.47,"end":3232.79},{"text":"not","start":3234.07,"end":3234.71},{"text":"weaken","start":3234.79,"end":3235.43},{"text":"the","start":3235.43,"end":3235.55},{"text":"characterisation.","start":3235.55,"end":3236.79}]},{"text":"On the contrary, it would make things clearer and make the wording more targeted when it comes to the key elements of the use of the weapon system.","start":3236.95,"end":3249.03,"topics":[{"key":"critical-functions","label":"Critical Functions: Identify, Select and Engage","description":"Many statements focused on which functions should define autonomy in weapons systems, especially whether \"identify\" should be retained alongside \"select\" and \"engage.\" Delegations disagreed over a cumulative approach versus a broader formulation and used operational examples to clarify the implications."}],"words":[{"text":"On","start":3236.95,"end":3237.11},{"text":"the","start":3237.11,"end":3237.19},{"text":"contrary,","start":3237.19,"end":3237.63},{"text":"it","start":3237.63,"end":3237.87},{"text":"would","start":3237.87,"end":3237.99},{"text":"make","start":3237.99,"end":3238.47},{"text":"things","start":3238.55,"end":3238.87},{"text":"clearer","start":3238.87,"end":3239.59},{"text":"and","start":3240.27,"end":3240.39},{"text":"make","start":3240.39,"end":3240.79},{"text":"the","start":3240.79,"end":3241.03},{"text":"wording","start":3241.03,"end":3241.51},{"text":"more","start":3241.51,"end":3241.75},{"text":"targeted","start":3241.75,"end":3243.07},{"text":"when","start":3243.59,"end":3243.91},{"text":"it","start":3243.91,"end":3244.11},{"text":"comes","start":3244.11,"end":3244.55},{"text":"to","start":3244.55,"end":3244.67},{"text":"the","start":3244.67,"end":3244.79},{"text":"key","start":3244.79,"end":3245.07},{"text":"elements","start":3245.07,"end":3245.67},{"text":"of","start":3245.75,"end":3246.07},{"text":"the","start":3246.07,"end":3246.23},{"text":"use","start":3247.67,"end":3247.99},{"text":"of","start":3247.99,"end":3248.07},{"text":"the","start":3248.07,"end":3248.23},{"text":"weapon","start":3248.23,"end":3248.55},{"text":"system.","start":3248.55,"end":3249.03}]},{"text":"The new paragraph 2 clarifying the notion of lethality, then.","start":3250.87,"end":3255.35,"topics":[{"key":"lethality-definition","label":"Definition of Lethality","description":"A central issue was whether and how to explain the term \"lethal\" in the draft text. Delegations discussed whether lethality should refer to capacity, capability, design, or intent, and whether it should cover killing, injury, and damage to objects."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":3250.87,"end":3251.03},{"text":"new","start":3251.03,"end":3251.27},{"text":"paragraph","start":3251.27,"end":3251.83},{"text":"2","start":3251.83,"end":3252.39},{"text":"clarifying","start":3253.03,"end":3253.59},{"text":"the","start":3253.59,"end":3253.75},{"text":"notion","start":3253.75,"end":3254.07},{"text":"of","start":3254.07,"end":3254.23},{"text":"lethality,","start":3254.23,"end":3255.11},{"text":"then.","start":3255.11,"end":3255.35}]},{"text":"Like others, our preference would have been to delete that term in the first paragraph of the characterization.","start":3255.83,"end":3266.15,"topics":[{"key":"lethality-definition","label":"Definition of Lethality","description":"A central issue was whether and how to explain the term \"lethal\" in the draft text. Delegations discussed whether lethality should refer to capacity, capability, design, or intent, and whether it should cover killing, injury, and damage to objects."}],"words":[{"text":"Like","start":3255.83,"end":3256.15},{"text":"others,","start":3256.15,"end":3257.27},{"text":"our","start":3257.51,"end":3257.75},{"text":"preference","start":3257.75,"end":3258.87},{"text":"would","start":3258.87,"end":3259.07},{"text":"have","start":3259.11,"end":3259.27},{"text":"been","start":3259.43,"end":3259.83},{"text":"to","start":3259.83,"end":3260.03},{"text":"delete","start":3260.03,"end":3260.87},{"text":"that","start":3260.87,"end":3261.23},{"text":"term","start":3261.23,"end":3261.75},{"text":"in","start":3262.79,"end":3262.95},{"text":"the","start":3262.95,"end":3263.03},{"text":"first","start":3263.03,"end":3263.67},{"text":"paragraph","start":3263.75,"end":3264.67},{"text":"of","start":3264.67,"end":3265.03},{"text":"the","start":3265.03,"end":3265.19},{"text":"characterization.","start":3265.19,"end":3266.15}]},{"text":"However, if that approach doesn't reach consensus, we would support your efforts to find a solution that would enable us to keep a characterization of the work whose scope remains sufficiently broad and to remember that the characterization is not the place where the means of excluding systems a priori, it should, that should be carried out in the following cases where the various types of uses and the various kinds of considerations of a legal, humanitarian, and other nature should determine the prohibitions and regulations.","start":3266.55,"end":3321.87,"topics":[{"key":"laws-scope","label":"Scope of the LAWS Characterization","description":"Delegations debated how broadly lethal autonomous weapons systems should be characterized, including whether the text should remain a broad working characterization or be narrowed through exclusions. Speakers also discussed how to anchor the characterization within the scope, objectives, or application of the CCW."},{"key":"ihl-compliance","label":"International Humanitarian Law and Responsibility","description":"Delegations repeatedly linked the characterization of autonomous weapons to existing international humanitarian law, including protection of civilians, injury, attacks on objects, and accountability for use. 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remain flexible when it comes to the exact wording of that paragraph, but we deem it important to include the considerations that I have just laid 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thank you, chair.","start":3366.51,"end":3367.39,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":3366.51,"end":3366.67},{"text":"thank","start":3366.67,"end":3366.99},{"text":"you,","start":3366.99,"end":3367.11},{"text":"chair.","start":3367.15,"end":3367.39}]},{"text":"Let.","start":3367.39,"end":3367.51,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Let.","start":3367.39,"end":3367.51}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"CHE","group":null,"function":null,"affiliation_full":"Switzerland"}},{"statement_number":23,"start":3369.35,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1t/k1t48lttgq?t=56:10","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Me thank the distinguished representative of Switzerland, especially for starting the debate on on identifying.","start":3369.35,"end":3383.67,"topics":[{"key":"critical-functions","label":"Critical Functions: Identify, Select and Engage","description":"Many statements focused on which functions should define autonomy in weapons systems, especially whether \"identify\" should be retained alongside \"select\" 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really also invite other delegations to continue this discussion apart from giving us feedback of course with regard to the proposed 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me now pass the floor to the distinguished representative of the United Arab Emirates to be followed by the 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R thank you chairperson I thank you for your efforts on this wording we do not seek any radical changes but we have some comments to share on paragraph one we find that it would be appropriate to amend \"without intervention by a human user\" to include \"without human control or control of a human user\".","start":3411.71,"end":3461.31,"topics":[{"key":"human-control","label":"Human Control and Temporal Aspects","description":"Speakers examined how to reflect human involvement in the operation of autonomous weapons, including references to human users, operators, control, and intervention. Several delegations also stressed the importance of timing, proposing language such as \"once activated\" or \"without further intervention\" to capture the temporal dimension of autonomy."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":3411.71,"end":3411.99},{"text":"R","start":3411.99,"end":3412.15},{"text":"thank","start":3415.63,"end":3416.03},{"text":"you","start":3416.03,"end":3416.27},{"text":"chairperson","start":3416.75,"end":3417.63},{"text":"I","start":3420.03,"end":3420.11},{"text":"thank","start":3420.11,"end":3420.51},{"text":"you","start":3420.51,"end":3420.67},{"text":"for","start":3420.67,"end":3421.07},{"text":"your","start":3421.07,"end":3421.47},{"text":"efforts","start":3421.87,"end":3422.59},{"text":"on","start":3422.59,"end":3422.99},{"text":"this","start":3423.31,"end":3423.63},{"text":"wording","start":3423.63,"end":3424.19},{"text":"we","start":3427.31,"end":3427.95},{"text":"do","start":3428.91,"end":3429.07},{"text":"not","start":3429.07,"end":3429.31},{"text":"seek","start":3429.31,"end":3429.71},{"text":"any","start":3429.71,"end":3430.19},{"text":"radical","start":3430.43,"end":3431.31},{"text":"changes","start":3431.31,"end":3431.75},{"text":"but","start":3431.75,"end":3431.87},{"text":"we","start":3431.87,"end":3431.95},{"text":"have","start":3431.95,"end":3432.07},{"text":"some","start":3432.07,"end":3432.27},{"text":"comments","start":3432.27,"end":3432.71},{"text":"to","start":3432.71,"end":3432.79},{"text":"share","start":3432.79,"end":3433.23},{"text":"on","start":3434.19,"end":3434.35},{"text":"paragraph","start":3434.35,"end":3434.71},{"text":"one","start":3434.71,"end":3434.99},{"text":"we","start":3439.71,"end":3440.27},{"text":"find","start":3440.99,"end":3441.39},{"text":"that","start":3443.87,"end":3444.11},{"text":"it","start":3444.11,"end":3444.19},{"text":"would","start":3444.19,"end":3444.35},{"text":"be","start":3444.35,"end":3444.75},{"text":"appropriate","start":3445.31,"end":3446.11},{"text":"to","start":3446.91,"end":3447.47},{"text":"amend","start":3448.51,"end":3449.31},{"text":"\"without","start":3449.87,"end":3450.23},{"text":"intervention","start":3450.23,"end":3450.75},{"text":"by","start":3450.75,"end":3450.87},{"text":"a","start":3450.87,"end":3450.91},{"text":"human","start":3450.91,"end":3451.15},{"text":"user\"","start":3451.15,"end":3451.83},{"text":"to","start":3454.15,"end":3454.23},{"text":"include","start":3455.15,"end":3455.63},{"text":"\"without","start":3455.63,"end":3456.03},{"text":"human","start":3457.55,"end":3458.11},{"text":"control","start":3458.11,"end":3459.23},{"text":"or","start":3459.87,"end":3460.11},{"text":"control","start":3460.11,"end":3460.47},{"text":"of","start":3460.47,"end":3460.59},{"text":"a","start":3460.59,"end":3460.63},{"text":"human","start":3460.63,"end":3460.87},{"text":"user\".","start":3460.87,"end":3461.31}]},{"text":"In the second paragraph, we have no comment or objection.","start":3463.47,"end":3469.87,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":3463.47,"end":3463.79},{"text":"the","start":3463.79,"end":3463.91},{"text":"second","start":3463.91,"end":3464.27},{"text":"paragraph,","start":3464.27,"end":3464.99},{"text":"we","start":3464.99,"end":3465.15},{"text":"have","start":3465.15,"end":3465.55},{"text":"no","start":3465.71,"end":3466.43},{"text":"comment","start":3466.91,"end":3467.63},{"text":"or","start":3468.83,"end":3469.07},{"text":"objection.","start":3469.07,"end":3469.87}]},{"text":"as regards using the term \"lethal\".","start":3471.71,"end":3474.19,"topics":[{"key":"lethality-definition","label":"Definition of Lethality","description":"A central issue was whether and how to explain the term \"lethal\" in the draft text. 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Several delegations also stressed the importance of timing, proposing language such as \"once activated\" or \"without further intervention\" to capture the temporal dimension of autonomy."}],"words":[{"text":"because","start":3559.71,"end":3560.11},{"text":"that","start":3560.11,"end":3560.59},{"text":"covers","start":3562.51,"end":3562.87},{"text":"not","start":3562.87,"end":3563.03},{"text":"only","start":3563.03,"end":3563.23},{"text":"technical","start":3563.23,"end":3564.03},{"text":"considerations","start":3564.11,"end":3564.95},{"text":"but","start":3564.99,"end":3565.15},{"text":"also","start":3565.15,"end":3565.63},{"text":"human","start":3566.91,"end":3567.47},{"text":"control.","start":3567.63,"end":3568.19}]},{"text":"Thank you.","start":3568.27,"end":3568.63,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":3568.27,"end":3568.51},{"text":"you.","start":3568.51,"end":3568.63}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"ARE","group":null,"function":null,"affiliation_full":"United Arab Emirates"}},{"statement_number":25,"start":3576.46,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1t/k1t48lttgq?t=59:37","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Let me thank the distinguished representative of the United Arab Emirates for commenting and providing alternative 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the floor first to the distinguished representative of the United 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box one, this new text is acceptable to the UK.","start":3609.75,"end":3615.03,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Taking","start":3609.75,"end":3610.11},{"text":"box","start":3610.11,"end":3610.39},{"text":"one,","start":3610.39,"end":3610.87},{"text":"this","start":3611.51,"end":3611.99},{"text":"new","start":3612.59,"end":3612.79},{"text":"text","start":3612.95,"end":3613.35},{"text":"is","start":3613.35,"end":3613.67},{"text":"acceptable","start":3613.67,"end":3614.23},{"text":"to","start":3614.23,"end":3614.35},{"text":"the","start":3614.39,"end":3614.51},{"text":"UK.","start":3614.51,"end":3615.03}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"With box two, as we said on 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you Mr.","start":3646.47,"end":3647.19,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":3646.47,"end":3646.71},{"text":"you","start":3646.71,"end":3646.79},{"text":"Mr.","start":3646.79,"end":3647.19}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"GBR","group":null,"function":null,"affiliation_full":"United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland"}},{"statement_number":27,"start":3649.99,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1t/k1t48lttgq?t=1:00:50","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Chair.","start":3649.99,"end":3650.08,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Chair.","start":3649.99,"end":3650.08}]},{"text":"would like to thank the distinguished representative of the UK for his reactions and for his offer to further continue an expert discussion.","start":3650.15,"end":3657.91,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"would","start":3650.15,"end":3650.23},{"text":"like","start":3650.23,"end":3650.43},{"text":"to","start":3650.43,"end":3650.51},{"text":"thank","start":3650.51,"end":3650.83},{"text":"the","start":3650.83,"end":3650.91},{"text":"distinguished","start":3650.91,"end":3651.43},{"text":"representative","start":3651.43,"end":3652.03},{"text":"of","start":3652.03,"end":3652.15},{"text":"the","start":3652.15,"end":3652.23},{"text":"UK","start":3652.23,"end":3652.71},{"text":"for","start":3652.79,"end":3653.03},{"text":"his","start":3653.03,"end":3653.35},{"text":"reactions","start":3653.35,"end":3654.23},{"text":"and","start":3654.23,"end":3654.47},{"text":"for","start":3654.47,"end":3654.63},{"text":"his","start":3654.63,"end":3654.79},{"text":"offer","start":3654.79,"end":3655.19},{"text":"to","start":3655.27,"end":3655.59},{"text":"further","start":3655.59,"end":3655.95},{"text":"continue","start":3655.95,"end":3656.39},{"text":"an","start":3656.79,"end":3656.95},{"text":"expert","start":3656.95,"end":3657.31},{"text":"discussion.","start":3657.31,"end":3657.91}]},{"text":"Next on my list is Russian Federation to be followed by Germany, but let me first give the floor to the distinguished representative of the Russian 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have the floor.","start":3666.27,"end":3666.87,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"You","start":3666.27,"end":3666.35},{"text":"have","start":3666.35,"end":3666.51},{"text":"the","start":3666.51,"end":3666.59},{"text":"floor.","start":3666.59,"end":3666.87}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":null,"group":null,"function":"Chair","affiliation_full":null}},{"statement_number":28,"start":3671.35,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1t/k1t48lttgq?t=1:01:12","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Chairperson.","start":3671.35,"end":3673.03,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":3671.35,"end":3671.83},{"text":"you,","start":3671.83,"end":3671.99},{"text":"Chairperson.","start":3671.99,"end":3673.03}]},{"text":"At the outset, we would like to echo the thanks express to you and your team for preparing this updated text of boxes 1 and 2 distributed yesterday.","start":3675.71,"end":3690.95,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"At","start":3675.71,"end":3675.83},{"text":"the","start":3675.83,"end":3675.95},{"text":"outset,","start":3675.99,"end":3676.87},{"text":"we","start":3676.87,"end":3677.19},{"text":"would","start":3677.19,"end":3677.35},{"text":"like","start":3677.35,"end":3677.55},{"text":"to","start":3677.55,"end":3678.07},{"text":"echo","start":3678.07,"end":3678.55},{"text":"the","start":3678.55,"end":3678.67},{"text":"thanks","start":3678.67,"end":3679.35},{"text":"express","start":3679.99,"end":3680.39},{"text":"to","start":3680.39,"end":3680.55},{"text":"you","start":3680.55,"end":3680.71},{"text":"and","start":3680.71,"end":3680.87},{"text":"your","start":3680.87,"end":3680.99},{"text":"team","start":3680.99,"end":3681.43},{"text":"for","start":3682.47,"end":3683.11},{"text":"preparing","start":3683.91,"end":3684.63},{"text":"this","start":3685.51,"end":3686.39},{"text":"updated","start":3687.11,"end":3687.79},{"text":"text","start":3687.79,"end":3688.47},{"text":"of","start":3688.51,"end":3688.63},{"text":"boxes","start":3688.63,"end":3689.11},{"text":"1","start":3689.11,"end":3689.35},{"text":"and","start":3689.35,"end":3689.47},{"text":"2","start":3689.47,"end":3689.75},{"text":"distributed","start":3689.75,"end":3690.27},{"text":"yesterday.","start":3690.27,"end":3690.95}]},{"text":"We regard this wording as a step in the right direction.","start":3693.19,"end":3699.27,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3693.19,"end":3693.67},{"text":"regard","start":3695.19,"end":3695.71},{"text":"this","start":3695.83,"end":3696.39},{"text":"wording","start":3696.87,"end":3697.59},{"text":"as","start":3697.59,"end":3697.83},{"text":"a","start":3697.83,"end":3697.87},{"text":"step","start":3697.87,"end":3698.15},{"text":"in","start":3698.15,"end":3698.23},{"text":"the","start":3698.23,"end":3698.31},{"text":"right","start":3698.31,"end":3698.51},{"text":"direction.","start":3698.51,"end":3699.27}]},{"text":"It makes it possible to make progress towards a rapprochement of our positions among delegations.","start":3701.19,"end":3708.79,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"It","start":3701.19,"end":3701.35},{"text":"makes","start":3701.35,"end":3701.59},{"text":"it","start":3701.59,"end":3701.75},{"text":"possible","start":3701.75,"end":3702.55},{"text":"to","start":3702.55,"end":3703.11},{"text":"make","start":3704.07,"end":3704.39},{"text":"progress","start":3704.39,"end":3705.03},{"text":"towards","start":3705.03,"end":3705.83},{"text":"a","start":3705.91,"end":3705.95},{"text":"rapprochement","start":3705.95,"end":3706.75},{"text":"of","start":3706.75,"end":3706.87},{"text":"our","start":3706.87,"end":3706.95},{"text":"positions","start":3706.95,"end":3707.55},{"text":"among","start":3707.55,"end":3707.79},{"text":"delegations.","start":3707.79,"end":3708.79}]},{"text":"The Russian Federation welcomes this effort and confirms its readiness to participate constructively and substantively in this work in order to seek a consensus recommendation.","start":3710.39,"end":3727.67,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":3710.39,"end":3710.59},{"text":"Russian","start":3710.59,"end":3711.03},{"text":"Federation","start":3711.03,"end":3711.99},{"text":"welcomes","start":3712.31,"end":3712.87},{"text":"this","start":3712.87,"end":3713.11},{"text":"effort","start":3713.11,"end":3713.67},{"text":"and","start":3715.19,"end":3715.47},{"text":"confirms","start":3715.47,"end":3716.23},{"text":"its","start":3716.23,"end":3716.55},{"text":"readiness","start":3716.55,"end":3717.51},{"text":"to","start":3718.39,"end":3718.79},{"text":"participate","start":3719.43,"end":3720.31},{"text":"constructively","start":3720.31,"end":3721.27},{"text":"and","start":3721.27,"end":3721.59},{"text":"substantively","start":3721.59,"end":3722.43},{"text":"in","start":3722.43,"end":3722.55},{"text":"this","start":3722.55,"end":3722.71},{"text":"work","start":3722.71,"end":3723.19},{"text":"in","start":3723.19,"end":3723.35},{"text":"order","start":3723.35,"end":3723.71},{"text":"to","start":3723.71,"end":3724.15},{"text":"seek","start":3724.15,"end":3724.71},{"text":"a","start":3725.59,"end":3725.63},{"text":"consensus","start":3725.63,"end":3726.63},{"text":"recommendation.","start":3726.63,"end":3727.67}]},{"text":"To be specific on the paragraphs that we have in box 1, We would like to welcome the addition at the start of paragraph 1 to say that this definition is to be considered within the scope of the application of the CCW.","start":3731.59,"end":3760.07,"topics":[{"key":"laws-scope","label":"Scope of the LAWS Characterization","description":"Delegations debated how broadly lethal autonomous weapons systems should be characterized, including whether the text should remain a broad working characterization or be narrowed through exclusions. Speakers also discussed how to anchor the characterization within the scope, objectives, or application of the 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we like a number of other colleagues before us, would like to support the inclusion of the word \"can\" before the list of the so-called critical functions.","start":3762.31,"end":3779.75,"topics":[{"key":"critical-functions","label":"Critical Functions: Identify, Select and Engage","description":"Many statements focused on which functions should define autonomy in weapons systems, especially whether \"identify\" should be retained alongside \"select\" and \"engage.\" Delegations disagreed over a cumulative approach versus a broader formulation and used operational examples to clarify the 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find this addition to add more clarity to the wording.","start":3781.43,"end":3790.63,"topics":[{"key":"critical-functions","label":"Critical Functions: Identify, Select and Engage","description":"Many statements focused on which functions should define autonomy in weapons systems, especially whether \"identify\" should be retained alongside \"select\" and \"engage.\" Delegations disagreed over a cumulative approach versus a broader formulation and used operational examples to clarify the 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it would be entirely justified to use the adjective auxiliary before them.","start":3818.19,"end":3824.71,"topics":[{"key":"critical-functions","label":"Critical Functions: Identify, Select and Engage","description":"Many statements focused on which functions should define autonomy in weapons systems, especially whether \"identify\" should be retained alongside \"select\" and \"engage.\" Delegations disagreed over a cumulative approach versus a broader formulation and used operational examples to clarify the 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paragraph.","start":3829.75,"end":3837.95,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Furthermore,","start":3829.75,"end":3830.83},{"text":"we","start":3830.83,"end":3830.95},{"text":"would","start":3830.95,"end":3831.11},{"text":"like","start":3831.11,"end":3831.31},{"text":"to","start":3831.31,"end":3831.59},{"text":"confirm","start":3831.91,"end":3832.95},{"text":"our","start":3833.11,"end":3833.39},{"text":"position","start":3833.67,"end":3834.55},{"text":"on","start":3834.55,"end":3835.11},{"text":"the","start":3835.75,"end":3835.95},{"text":"end","start":3836.23,"end":3836.71},{"text":"of","start":3836.95,"end":3837.19},{"text":"this","start":3837.19,"end":3837.43},{"text":"paragraph.","start":3837.43,"end":3837.95}]},{"text":"We believe that saying \"in the execution of these tasks\" is superfluous and that could be deleted.","start":3839.19,"end":3851.35,"topics":[{"key":"critical-functions","label":"Critical Functions: Identify, Select and Engage","description":"Many statements focused on which functions should define autonomy in weapons systems, especially whether \"identify\" should be retained alongside \"select\" and \"engage.\" Delegations disagreed over a cumulative approach versus a broader formulation and used operational examples to clarify the implications."},{"key":"human-control","label":"Human Control and Temporal Aspects","description":"Speakers examined how to reflect human involvement in the operation of autonomous weapons, including references to human users, operators, control, and intervention. Several delegations also stressed the importance of timing, proposing language such as \"once activated\" or \"without further intervention\" to capture the temporal dimension of autonomy."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3839.19,"end":3839.39},{"text":"believe","start":3839.39,"end":3839.91},{"text":"that","start":3839.99,"end":3840.23},{"text":"saying","start":3841.11,"end":3841.67},{"text":"\"in","start":3841.91,"end":3842.19},{"text":"the","start":3842.19,"end":3842.27},{"text":"execution","start":3842.27,"end":3842.99},{"text":"of","start":3842.99,"end":3843.11},{"text":"these","start":3843.11,"end":3843.35},{"text":"tasks\"","start":3843.35,"end":3844.15},{"text":"is","start":3846.15,"end":3846.55},{"text":"superfluous","start":3846.63,"end":3847.67},{"text":"and","start":3849.35,"end":3849.63},{"text":"that","start":3849.67,"end":3850.07},{"text":"could","start":3850.07,"end":3850.31},{"text":"be","start":3850.31,"end":3850.63},{"text":"deleted.","start":3850.71,"end":3851.35}]},{"text":"Since for us it is entirely clear when we're talking about the capacity of the weapons systems to carry out those functions that are listed in paragraph one without intervention by a human user, then we are talking about the stage of execution of those tasks.","start":3851.95,"end":3879.15,"topics":[{"key":"critical-functions","label":"Critical Functions: Identify, Select and Engage","description":"Many statements focused on which functions should define autonomy in weapons systems, especially whether \"identify\" should be retained alongside \"select\" and \"engage.\" Delegations disagreed over a cumulative approach versus a broader formulation and used operational examples to clarify the implications."},{"key":"human-control","label":"Human Control and Temporal Aspects","description":"Speakers examined how to reflect human involvement in the operation of autonomous weapons, including references to human users, operators, control, and intervention. Several delegations also stressed the importance of timing, proposing language such as \"once activated\" or \"without further intervention\" to capture the temporal dimension of autonomy."}],"words":[{"text":"Since","start":3851.95,"end":3852.75},{"text":"for","start":3853.87,"end":3854.35},{"text":"us","start":3855.15,"end":3855.39},{"text":"it","start":3855.39,"end":3855.55},{"text":"is","start":3855.55,"end":3855.63},{"text":"entirely","start":3855.63,"end":3856.35},{"text":"clear","start":3856.67,"end":3857.23},{"text":"when","start":3857.55,"end":3857.75},{"text":"we're","start":3857.79,"end":3857.95},{"text":"talking","start":3857.95,"end":3858.27},{"text":"about","start":3858.27,"end":3858.91},{"text":"the","start":3859.63,"end":3859.75},{"text":"capacity","start":3859.75,"end":3860.63},{"text":"of","start":3860.63,"end":3860.83},{"text":"the","start":3860.83,"end":3860.99},{"text":"weapons","start":3860.99,"end":3861.55},{"text":"systems","start":3861.55,"end":3862.43},{"text":"to","start":3862.43,"end":3862.55},{"text":"carry","start":3862.55,"end":3862.87},{"text":"out","start":3862.87,"end":3862.99},{"text":"those","start":3862.99,"end":3863.31},{"text":"functions","start":3863.31,"end":3864.11},{"text":"that","start":3864.11,"end":3864.27},{"text":"are","start":3864.27,"end":3864.35},{"text":"listed","start":3864.35,"end":3864.91},{"text":"in","start":3864.91,"end":3865.15},{"text":"paragraph","start":3865.63,"end":3866.03},{"text":"one","start":3866.03,"end":3866.35},{"text":"without","start":3867.71,"end":3868.27},{"text":"intervention","start":3868.27,"end":3869.07},{"text":"by","start":3869.07,"end":3869.43},{"text":"a","start":3869.43,"end":3869.47},{"text":"human","start":3869.47,"end":3870.11},{"text":"user,","start":3870.19,"end":3870.91},{"text":"then","start":3871.47,"end":3871.95},{"text":"we","start":3872.83,"end":3873.03},{"text":"are","start":3873.03,"end":3873.11},{"text":"talking","start":3873.11,"end":3873.95},{"text":"about","start":3873.95,"end":3874.75},{"text":"the","start":3875.31,"end":3875.43},{"text":"stage","start":3875.43,"end":3876.11},{"text":"of","start":3876.19,"end":3876.59},{"text":"execution","start":3876.59,"end":3877.47},{"text":"of","start":3877.47,"end":3877.79},{"text":"those","start":3877.95,"end":3878.51},{"text":"tasks.","start":3878.59,"end":3879.15}]},{"text":"Moving to paragraph 2, chairperson, we welcome the attempt to achieve a unified understanding in regard the characteristics of lethality.","start":3882.27,"end":3897.07,"topics":[{"key":"lethality-definition","label":"Definition of Lethality","description":"A central issue was whether and how to explain the term \"lethal\" in the draft text. Delegations discussed whether lethality should refer to capacity, capability, design, or intent, and whether it should cover killing, injury, and damage to objects."}],"words":[{"text":"Moving","start":3882.27,"end":3882.59},{"text":"to","start":3882.59,"end":3882.71},{"text":"paragraph","start":3882.71,"end":3883.31},{"text":"2,","start":3883.63,"end":3884.11},{"text":"chairperson,","start":3885.79,"end":3886.83},{"text":"we","start":3886.83,"end":3887.55},{"text":"welcome","start":3888.19,"end":3888.91},{"text":"the","start":3888.91,"end":3889.03},{"text":"attempt","start":3889.87,"end":3890.59},{"text":"to","start":3890.67,"end":3890.99},{"text":"achieve","start":3891.31,"end":3892.19},{"text":"a","start":3892.27,"end":3892.43},{"text":"unified","start":3892.99,"end":3893.95},{"text":"understanding","start":3893.95,"end":3894.63},{"text":"in","start":3894.63,"end":3894.71},{"text":"regard","start":3894.71,"end":3895.03},{"text":"the","start":3895.03,"end":3895.27},{"text":"characteristics","start":3895.31,"end":3896.23},{"text":"of","start":3896.23,"end":3896.31},{"text":"lethality.","start":3896.31,"end":3897.07}]},{"text":"That's fully in line with our approach, that determining this characteristic is necessary to provide a comprehensive nature to this working definition.","start":3900.19,"end":3914.59,"topics":[{"key":"lethality-definition","label":"Definition of Lethality","description":"A central issue was whether and how to explain the term \"lethal\" in the draft text. Delegations discussed whether lethality should refer to capacity, capability, design, or intent, and whether it should cover killing, injury, and damage to objects."}],"words":[{"text":"That's","start":3900.19,"end":3900.67},{"text":"fully","start":3900.83,"end":3901.47},{"text":"in","start":3901.47,"end":3901.71},{"text":"line","start":3901.71,"end":3901.91},{"text":"with","start":3901.91,"end":3902.11},{"text":"our","start":3902.11,"end":3902.23},{"text":"approach,","start":3902.23,"end":3902.91},{"text":"that","start":3903.55,"end":3903.79},{"text":"determining","start":3903.79,"end":3904.59},{"text":"this","start":3904.67,"end":3904.91},{"text":"characteristic","start":3904.91,"end":3905.87},{"text":"is","start":3906.99,"end":3907.15},{"text":"necessary","start":3907.15,"end":3907.95},{"text":"to","start":3908.83,"end":3909.15},{"text":"provide","start":3909.15,"end":3910.19},{"text":"a","start":3910.75,"end":3910.79},{"text":"comprehensive","start":3910.79,"end":3912.03},{"text":"nature","start":3912.03,"end":3912.63},{"text":"to","start":3912.63,"end":3912.95},{"text":"this","start":3913.15,"end":3913.47},{"text":"working","start":3913.47,"end":3913.87},{"text":"definition.","start":3913.87,"end":3914.59}]},{"text":"However, as we see it, it would be justified not to take this characteristic out into a separate paragraph, but to try to integrate that into the definition, the working definition of lethal autonomous weapons systems.","start":3917.23,"end":3940.63,"topics":[{"key":"lethality-definition","label":"Definition of Lethality","description":"A central issue was whether and how to explain the term \"lethal\" in the draft text. Delegations discussed whether lethality should refer to capacity, capability, design, or intent, and whether it should cover killing, injury, and damage to objects."}],"words":[{"text":"However,","start":3917.23,"end":3917.63},{"text":"as","start":3920.59,"end":3921.07},{"text":"we","start":3921.07,"end":3921.55},{"text":"see","start":3921.95,"end":3922.35},{"text":"it,","start":3922.35,"end":3922.51},{"text":"it","start":3922.51,"end":3922.59},{"text":"would","start":3922.59,"end":3922.75},{"text":"be","start":3922.75,"end":3922.99},{"text":"justified","start":3922.99,"end":3923.95},{"text":"not","start":3924.27,"end":3924.99},{"text":"to","start":3925.47,"end":3925.79},{"text":"take","start":3925.79,"end":3926.27},{"text":"this","start":3926.35,"end":3926.67},{"text":"characteristic","start":3926.67,"end":3927.63},{"text":"out","start":3927.63,"end":3927.83},{"text":"into","start":3927.83,"end":3928.07},{"text":"a","start":3928.07,"end":3928.11},{"text":"separate","start":3928.11,"end":3928.75},{"text":"paragraph,","start":3928.83,"end":3929.55},{"text":"but","start":3930.51,"end":3930.95},{"text":"to","start":3930.95,"end":3931.03},{"text":"try","start":3931.07,"end":3931.55},{"text":"to","start":3931.55,"end":3931.87},{"text":"integrate","start":3931.87,"end":3932.75},{"text":"that","start":3933.15,"end":3933.71},{"text":"into","start":3934.39,"end":3935.11},{"text":"the","start":3935.11,"end":3935.27},{"text":"definition,","start":3935.27,"end":3936.39},{"text":"the","start":3936.63,"end":3936.79},{"text":"working","start":3936.79,"end":3937.27},{"text":"definition","start":3937.27,"end":3938.15},{"text":"of","start":3938.51,"end":3938.71},{"text":"lethal","start":3938.71,"end":3939.03},{"text":"autonomous","start":3939.03,"end":3939.51},{"text":"weapons","start":3939.51,"end":3939.95},{"text":"systems.","start":3939.95,"end":3940.63}]},{"text":"Since this characteristic is no less important than that of the autonomous nature, and it, in factual terms, is directly connected with autonomy, with that characteristic.","start":3941.75,"end":3964.99,"topics":[{"key":"lethality-definition","label":"Definition of Lethality","description":"A central issue was whether and how to explain the term \"lethal\" in the draft text. Delegations discussed whether lethality should refer to capacity, capability, design, or intent, and whether it should cover killing, injury, and damage to objects."}],"words":[{"text":"Since","start":3941.75,"end":3942.71},{"text":"this","start":3942.71,"end":3943.03},{"text":"characteristic","start":3943.03,"end":3944.15},{"text":"is","start":3944.71,"end":3945.11},{"text":"no","start":3945.11,"end":3945.35},{"text":"less","start":3945.35,"end":3945.75},{"text":"important","start":3945.75,"end":3946.71},{"text":"than","start":3947.19,"end":3947.51},{"text":"that","start":3947.51,"end":3947.79},{"text":"of","start":3947.79,"end":3948.07},{"text":"the","start":3948.23,"end":3948.35},{"text":"autonomous","start":3948.39,"end":3949.11},{"text":"nature,","start":3949.11,"end":3949.67},{"text":"and","start":3951.75,"end":3952.39},{"text":"it,","start":3953.75,"end":3954.31},{"text":"in","start":3955.27,"end":3955.51},{"text":"factual","start":3955.51,"end":3956.07},{"text":"terms,","start":3956.07,"end":3956.79},{"text":"is","start":3960.59,"end":3960.71},{"text":"directly","start":3960.71,"end":3961.23},{"text":"connected","start":3961.23,"end":3962.31},{"text":"with","start":3962.35,"end":3962.91},{"text":"autonomy,","start":3962.99,"end":3963.71},{"text":"with","start":3963.71,"end":3963.91},{"text":"that","start":3963.91,"end":3964.03},{"text":"characteristic.","start":3964.03,"end":3964.99}]},{"text":"So we would prefer to combine paragraphs 1 and 2 and try to have the characteristic of lethality included in the working definition.","start":3966.35,"end":3982.43,"topics":[{"key":"lethality-definition","label":"Definition of Lethality","description":"A central issue was whether and how to explain the term \"lethal\" in the draft text. Delegations discussed whether lethality should refer to capacity, capability, design, or intent, and whether it should cover killing, injury, and damage to objects."}],"words":[{"text":"So","start":3966.35,"end":3966.67},{"text":"we","start":3966.67,"end":3966.83},{"text":"would","start":3966.83,"end":3966.99},{"text":"prefer","start":3966.99,"end":3967.79},{"text":"to","start":3968.59,"end":3968.91},{"text":"combine","start":3970.67,"end":3971.55},{"text":"paragraphs","start":3971.55,"end":3972.03},{"text":"1","start":3972.03,"end":3972.51},{"text":"and","start":3972.59,"end":3972.83},{"text":"2","start":3972.91,"end":3973.63},{"text":"and","start":3973.63,"end":3973.87},{"text":"try","start":3973.87,"end":3974.19},{"text":"to","start":3974.19,"end":3974.83},{"text":"have","start":3975.71,"end":3976.27},{"text":"the","start":3977.31,"end":3977.43},{"text":"characteristic","start":3978.03,"end":3978.99},{"text":"of","start":3978.99,"end":3979.31},{"text":"lethality","start":3979.31,"end":3980.11},{"text":"included","start":3980.11,"end":3980.75},{"text":"in","start":3980.75,"end":3981.23},{"text":"the","start":3981.23,"end":3981.39},{"text":"working","start":3981.39,"end":3981.75},{"text":"definition.","start":3981.75,"end":3982.43}]},{"text":"On the specific wording, of the characteristic of lethality, this, to a large degree, is in line with your own suggestions, Mr. Chairperson.","start":3984.11,"end":4007.71,"topics":[{"key":"lethality-definition","label":"Definition of Lethality","description":"A central issue was whether and how to explain the term \"lethal\" in the draft text. Delegations discussed whether lethality should refer to capacity, capability, design, or intent, and whether it should cover killing, injury, and damage to objects."}],"words":[{"text":"On","start":3984.11,"end":3984.91},{"text":"the","start":3985.95,"end":3986.07},{"text":"specific","start":3986.07,"end":3986.91},{"text":"wording,","start":3987.15,"end":3988.11},{"text":"of","start":3989.19,"end":3989.31},{"text":"the","start":3989.31,"end":3989.47},{"text":"characteristic","start":3989.47,"end":3990.27},{"text":"of","start":3990.27,"end":3990.43},{"text":"lethality,","start":3990.43,"end":3991.47},{"text":"this,","start":3993.23,"end":3994.03},{"text":"to","start":3994.27,"end":3994.47},{"text":"a","start":3994.47,"end":3994.51},{"text":"large","start":3994.51,"end":3994.79},{"text":"degree,","start":3994.79,"end":3995.47},{"text":"is","start":3999.95,"end":4000.11},{"text":"in","start":4000.11,"end":4000.35},{"text":"line","start":4000.35,"end":4001.07},{"text":"with","start":4001.31,"end":4001.95},{"text":"your","start":4005.31,"end":4005.55},{"text":"own","start":4005.55,"end":4005.79},{"text":"suggestions,","start":4005.79,"end":4006.59},{"text":"Mr.","start":4006.59,"end":4006.83},{"text":"Chairperson.","start":4006.83,"end":4007.71}]},{"text":"However, in our view, it would be more justified clearly to set out the concept of causing harm to health or causing death and causing harm or destruction to objects.","start":4009.47,"end":4031.31,"topics":[{"key":"lethality-definition","label":"Definition of Lethality","description":"A central issue was whether and how to explain the term \"lethal\" in the draft text. Delegations discussed whether lethality should refer to capacity, capability, design, or intent, and whether it should cover killing, injury, and damage to objects."},{"key":"ihl-compliance","label":"International Humanitarian Law and Responsibility","description":"Delegations repeatedly linked the characterization of autonomous weapons to existing international humanitarian law, including protection of civilians, injury, attacks on objects, and accountability for use. Several speakers emphasized that human involvement and system design must preserve legal responsibility under IHL."}],"words":[{"text":"However,","start":4009.47,"end":4010.03},{"text":"in","start":4011.71,"end":4011.95},{"text":"our","start":4011.95,"end":4012.07},{"text":"view,","start":4012.07,"end":4012.59},{"text":"it","start":4012.99,"end":4013.15},{"text":"would","start":4013.15,"end":4013.31},{"text":"be","start":4013.31,"end":4013.79},{"text":"more","start":4016.03,"end":4016.19},{"text":"justified","start":4016.19,"end":4016.91},{"text":"clearly","start":4016.91,"end":4018.11},{"text":"to","start":4018.11,"end":4018.43},{"text":"set","start":4018.59,"end":4018.99},{"text":"out","start":4018.99,"end":4019.63},{"text":"the","start":4020.27,"end":4020.43},{"text":"concept","start":4020.51,"end":4021.35},{"text":"of","start":4021.99,"end":4022.11},{"text":"causing","start":4022.11,"end":4022.75},{"text":"harm","start":4022.99,"end":4023.47},{"text":"to","start":4023.47,"end":4023.71},{"text":"health","start":4023.71,"end":4024.19},{"text":"or","start":4024.27,"end":4024.47},{"text":"causing","start":4024.47,"end":4024.91},{"text":"death","start":4025.07,"end":4025.47},{"text":"and","start":4026.11,"end":4026.63},{"text":"causing","start":4027.55,"end":4028.03},{"text":"harm","start":4028.03,"end":4028.83},{"text":"or","start":4029.31,"end":4029.47},{"text":"destruction","start":4029.51,"end":4030.43},{"text":"to","start":4030.43,"end":4030.55},{"text":"objects.","start":4030.55,"end":4031.31}]},{"text":"They should be separated more.","start":4033.95,"end":4035.15,"topics":[{"key":"lethality-definition","label":"Definition of Lethality","description":"A central issue was whether and how to explain the term \"lethal\" in the draft text. Delegations discussed whether lethality should refer to capacity, capability, design, or intent, and whether it should cover killing, injury, and damage to objects."}],"words":[{"text":"They","start":4033.95,"end":4034.11},{"text":"should","start":4034.11,"end":4034.27},{"text":"be","start":4034.27,"end":4034.35},{"text":"separated","start":4034.35,"end":4034.91},{"text":"more.","start":4034.91,"end":4035.15}]},{"text":"We take the view that in terms of lethality, above all we're talking about causing harm to health or causing death.","start":4037.23,"end":4049.83,"topics":[{"key":"lethality-definition","label":"Definition of Lethality","description":"A central issue was whether and how to explain the term \"lethal\" in the draft text. Delegations discussed whether lethality should refer to capacity, capability, design, or intent, and whether it should cover killing, injury, and damage to objects."},{"key":"ihl-compliance","label":"International Humanitarian Law and Responsibility","description":"Delegations repeatedly linked the characterization of autonomous weapons to existing international humanitarian law, including protection of civilians, injury, attacks on objects, and accountability for use. Several speakers emphasized that human involvement and system design must preserve legal responsibility under IHL."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4037.23,"end":4037.39},{"text":"take","start":4037.39,"end":4037.71},{"text":"the","start":4037.71,"end":4037.79},{"text":"view","start":4037.79,"end":4038.11},{"text":"that","start":4038.19,"end":4038.35},{"text":"in","start":4040.03,"end":4040.59},{"text":"terms","start":4040.59,"end":4041.03},{"text":"of","start":4041.03,"end":4041.15},{"text":"lethality,","start":4041.15,"end":4042.27},{"text":"above","start":4043.07,"end":4043.35},{"text":"all","start":4043.35,"end":4043.47},{"text":"we're","start":4043.47,"end":4043.63},{"text":"talking","start":4043.63,"end":4043.99},{"text":"about","start":4043.99,"end":4044.59},{"text":"causing","start":4046.71,"end":4047.51},{"text":"harm","start":4047.67,"end":4048.07},{"text":"to","start":4048.07,"end":4048.19},{"text":"health","start":4048.19,"end":4048.63},{"text":"or","start":4048.63,"end":4048.79},{"text":"causing","start":4048.79,"end":4049.35},{"text":"death.","start":4049.51,"end":4049.83}]},{"text":"And as a compromise, taking into account what other delegations have suggested, we believe it would be possible to have a reference to damage or destruction of infrastructure objects as an accompanying effect where harm is caused to health or death is caused.","start":4052.47,"end":4081.39,"topics":[{"key":"lethality-definition","label":"Definition of Lethality","description":"A central issue was whether and how to explain the term \"lethal\" in the draft text. Delegations discussed whether lethality should refer to capacity, capability, design, or intent, and whether it should cover killing, injury, and damage to objects."},{"key":"ihl-compliance","label":"International Humanitarian Law and Responsibility","description":"Delegations repeatedly linked the characterization of autonomous weapons to existing international humanitarian law, including protection of civilians, injury, attacks on objects, and accountability for use. 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Delegations discussed whether lethality should refer to capacity, capability, design, or intent, and whether it should cover killing, injury, and damage to objects."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":4083.11,"end":4083.27},{"text":"therefore","start":4083.79,"end":4084.75},{"text":"the","start":4084.75,"end":4084.99},{"text":"specific","start":4085.39,"end":4086.11},{"text":"wording","start":4086.11,"end":4086.83},{"text":"could","start":4086.83,"end":4087.39},{"text":"consist","start":4088.27,"end":4089.07},{"text":"of","start":4089.07,"end":4089.39},{"text":"causing","start":4094.99,"end":4095.47},{"text":"harm","start":4095.47,"end":4095.79},{"text":"to","start":4095.79,"end":4096.27},{"text":"health","start":4096.27,"end":4096.75},{"text":"or","start":4097.55,"end":4098.03},{"text":"causing","start":4099.71,"end":4100.27},{"text":"death.","start":4100.35,"end":4100.75}]},{"text":"which could be accompanied by damage or destruction to infrastructure objects.","start":4103.23,"end":4112.39,"topics":[{"key":"lethality-definition","label":"Definition of Lethality","description":"A central issue was whether and how to explain the term \"lethal\" in the draft text. Delegations discussed whether lethality should refer to capacity, capability, design, or intent, and whether it should cover killing, injury, and damage to objects."},{"key":"ihl-compliance","label":"International Humanitarian Law and Responsibility","description":"Delegations repeatedly linked the characterization of autonomous weapons to existing international humanitarian law, including protection of civilians, injury, attacks on objects, and accountability for use. Several speakers emphasized that human involvement and system design must preserve legal responsibility under IHL."}],"words":[{"text":"which","start":4103.23,"end":4103.51},{"text":"could","start":4103.51,"end":4104.07},{"text":"be","start":4104.55,"end":4104.87},{"text":"accompanied","start":4104.87,"end":4105.99},{"text":"by","start":4107.51,"end":4107.91},{"text":"damage","start":4108.39,"end":4108.87},{"text":"or","start":4108.87,"end":4109.11},{"text":"destruction","start":4109.11,"end":4110.07},{"text":"to","start":4110.07,"end":4110.35},{"text":"infrastructure","start":4110.63,"end":4111.75},{"text":"objects.","start":4111.75,"end":4112.39}]},{"text":"In English, it could sound like this:.","start":4114.87,"end":4118.55,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":4114.87,"end":4115.11},{"text":"English,","start":4115.11,"end":4115.75},{"text":"it","start":4115.83,"end":4115.99},{"text":"could","start":4115.99,"end":4116.31},{"text":"sound","start":4116.31,"end":4116.87},{"text":"like","start":4117.99,"end":4118.19},{"text":"this:.","start":4118.19,"end":4118.55}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"\"Cause harm to health or kill that may be accompanied by damage or destruction of objects\".","start":4121.67,"end":4128.71,"topics":[{"key":"lethality-definition","label":"Definition of Lethality","description":"A central issue was whether and how to explain the term \"lethal\" in the draft text. 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Several speakers emphasized that human involvement and system design must preserve legal responsibility under IHL."}],"words":[{"text":"\"Cause","start":4121.67,"end":4122.07},{"text":"harm","start":4122.07,"end":4122.71},{"text":"to","start":4122.71,"end":4122.95},{"text":"health","start":4122.95,"end":4123.39},{"text":"or","start":4123.39,"end":4123.51},{"text":"kill","start":4123.51,"end":4124.23},{"text":"that","start":4124.31,"end":4124.63},{"text":"may","start":4124.63,"end":4124.79},{"text":"be","start":4124.79,"end":4124.91},{"text":"accompanied","start":4124.91,"end":4125.67},{"text":"by","start":4125.67,"end":4125.91},{"text":"damage","start":4125.91,"end":4126.71},{"text":"or","start":4126.71,"end":4126.87},{"text":"destruction","start":4126.87,"end":4127.59},{"text":"of","start":4127.67,"end":4127.91},{"text":"objects\".","start":4127.99,"end":4128.71}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"And this sentence could indeed become the end of the first paragraph.","start":4129.43,"end":4138.99,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":4129.43,"end":4130.23},{"text":"this","start":4131.03,"end":4131.47},{"text":"sentence","start":4131.47,"end":4132.39},{"text":"could","start":4133.51,"end":4133.91},{"text":"indeed","start":4134.87,"end":4135.35},{"text":"become","start":4135.35,"end":4136.07},{"text":"the","start":4136.39,"end":4136.67},{"text":"end","start":4136.79,"end":4137.27},{"text":"of","start":4137.35,"end":4137.75},{"text":"the","start":4137.83,"end":4138.11},{"text":"first","start":4138.15,"end":4138.55},{"text":"paragraph.","start":4138.55,"end":4138.99}]},{"text":"It would follow the verb \"can\" and would cover the fundamental characteristics or functions that this weapons system possesses.","start":4141.83,"end":4159.83,"topics":[{"key":"critical-functions","label":"Critical Functions: Identify, Select and Engage","description":"Many statements focused on which functions should define autonomy in weapons systems, especially whether \"identify\" should be retained alongside \"select\" and \"engage.\" Delegations disagreed over a cumulative approach versus a broader formulation and used operational examples to clarify the implications."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":4141.83,"end":4141.99},{"text":"would","start":4141.99,"end":4142.15},{"text":"follow","start":4142.15,"end":4142.47},{"text":"the","start":4142.47,"end":4142.59},{"text":"verb","start":4142.59,"end":4142.83},{"text":"\"can\"","start":4142.83,"end":4143.51},{"text":"and","start":4145.67,"end":4146.39},{"text":"would","start":4147.27,"end":4147.91},{"text":"cover","start":4148.07,"end":4148.63},{"text":"the","start":4151.11,"end":4151.27},{"text":"fundamental","start":4151.35,"end":4152.39},{"text":"characteristics","start":4152.39,"end":4153.67},{"text":"or","start":4153.67,"end":4153.83},{"text":"functions","start":4153.83,"end":4154.87},{"text":"that","start":4155.51,"end":4156.07},{"text":"this","start":4156.63,"end":4157.19},{"text":"weapons","start":4157.59,"end":4158.11},{"text":"system","start":4158.11,"end":4158.87},{"text":"possesses.","start":4159.03,"end":4159.83}]},{"text":"And coming to what is now paragraph 3, we would like to confirm our position on the need to include a clear understanding that this working definition does not cover separate types of weapons.","start":4164.91,"end":4191.23,"topics":[{"key":"laws-scope","label":"Scope of the LAWS Characterization","description":"Delegations debated how broadly lethal autonomous weapons systems should be characterized, including whether the text should remain a broad working characterization or be narrowed through exclusions. 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Speakers also discussed how to anchor the characterization within the scope, objectives, or application of the CCW."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":4238.07,"end":4238.31},{"text":"so","start":4238.31,"end":4238.59},{"text":"as","start":4238.59,"end":4238.79},{"text":"we","start":4238.79,"end":4238.95},{"text":"see","start":4238.95,"end":4239.27},{"text":"it,","start":4239.27,"end":4239.59},{"text":"it's","start":4239.59,"end":4239.91},{"text":"important","start":4239.91,"end":4240.71},{"text":"to","start":4241.35,"end":4241.75},{"text":"reflect","start":4241.75,"end":4242.43},{"text":"that","start":4242.43,"end":4242.63},{"text":"understanding","start":4242.63,"end":4243.23},{"text":"at","start":4243.23,"end":4243.31},{"text":"this","start":4243.31,"end":4243.47},{"text":"stage","start":4243.47,"end":4244.15},{"text":"and","start":4245.43,"end":4245.71},{"text":"do","start":4245.71,"end":4245.91},{"text":"it","start":4245.91,"end":4246.23},{"text":"clearly.","start":4246.55,"end":4247.19}]},{"text":"In conclusion, we would like to support what has been mentioned by Australia, I'm sorry, Austria, regarding the fact that these paragraphs and overall the working definition meet the goal of functioning of the GGE.","start":4251.23,"end":4278.19,"topics":[{"key":"laws-scope","label":"Scope of the LAWS Characterization","description":"Delegations debated how broadly lethal autonomous weapons systems should be characterized, including whether the text should remain a broad working characterization or be narrowed through exclusions. 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on my list is Germany, to be followed by Australia, Belarus and the US.","start":4323.79,"end":4329.15,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next","start":4323.79,"end":4324.15},{"text":"on","start":4324.15,"end":4324.23},{"text":"my","start":4324.23,"end":4324.43},{"text":"list","start":4324.43,"end":4324.83},{"text":"is","start":4324.83,"end":4325.15},{"text":"Germany,","start":4325.23,"end":4325.71},{"text":"to","start":4325.71,"end":4325.87},{"text":"be","start":4325.87,"end":4326.11},{"text":"followed","start":4326.11,"end":4326.55},{"text":"by","start":4326.55,"end":4326.75},{"text":"Australia,","start":4326.75,"end":4327.63},{"text":"Belarus","start":4327.63,"end":4328.35},{"text":"and","start":4328.43,"end":4328.67},{"text":"the","start":4328.71,"end":4328.87},{"text":"US.","start":4328.87,"end":4329.15}]},{"text":"But let me first pass the floor to the distinguished representative of 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Several delegations also stressed the importance of timing, proposing language such as \"once activated\" or \"without further intervention\" to capture the temporal dimension of autonomy."},{"key":"critical-functions","label":"Critical Functions: Identify, Select and Engage","description":"Many statements focused on which functions should define autonomy in weapons systems, especially whether \"identify\" should be retained alongside \"select\" and \"engage.\" Delegations disagreed over a cumulative approach versus a broader formulation and used operational examples to clarify the implications."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4343.67,"end":4343.83},{"text":"support","start":4343.83,"end":4344.23},{"text":"the","start":4344.23,"end":4344.31},{"text":"new","start":4344.31,"end":4344.55},{"text":"version","start":4344.55,"end":4345.11},{"text":"of","start":4345.11,"end":4345.35},{"text":"Paragon,","start":4345.35,"end":4345.99},{"text":"however,","start":4346.47,"end":4347.03},{"text":"we","start":4347.03,"end":4347.27},{"text":"suggest","start":4347.27,"end":4347.79},{"text":"to","start":4347.79,"end":4347.91},{"text":"insert","start":4347.91,"end":4348.47},{"text":"once","start":4348.63,"end":4349.03},{"text":"activated","start":4349.03,"end":4349.75},{"text":"before","start":4349.75,"end":4350.15},{"text":"identify","start":4350.15,"end":4350.95},{"text":"and/or","start":4350.95,"end":4351.43},{"text":"select","start":4351.43,"end":4351.91},{"text":"and","start":4351.91,"end":4352.11},{"text":"engage.","start":4352.11,"end":4352.63}]},{"text":"In our view, the temporal dimension would also be more precisely circumscribed if a further is inserted before intervention so that it reads without further intervention.","start":4353.03,"end":4363.43,"topics":[{"key":"human-control","label":"Human Control and Temporal Aspects","description":"Speakers examined how to reflect human involvement in the operation of autonomous weapons, including references to human users, operators, control, and intervention. 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Delegations discussed whether lethality should refer to capacity, capability, design, or intent, and whether it should cover killing, injury, and damage to objects."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":4376.79,"end":4376.91},{"text":"new","start":4376.91,"end":4377.11},{"text":"para","start":4377.11,"end":4377.47},{"text":"2","start":4377.47,"end":4377.67},{"text":"contains","start":4377.67,"end":4378.23},{"text":"important","start":4378.23,"end":4378.79},{"text":"aspects","start":4378.79,"end":4379.35},{"text":"of","start":4379.71,"end":4379.83},{"text":"our","start":4379.83,"end":4379.99},{"text":"discussion","start":4379.99,"end":4380.47},{"text":"on","start":4380.47,"end":4380.63},{"text":"lethality,","start":4380.63,"end":4381.35},{"text":"and","start":4381.67,"end":4381.83},{"text":"we","start":4381.83,"end":4381.95},{"text":"hope","start":4381.95,"end":4382.15},{"text":"that","start":4382.15,"end":4382.31},{"text":"it","start":4382.31,"end":4382.43},{"text":"can","start":4382.43,"end":4382.63},{"text":"find","start":4382.63,"end":4382.95},{"text":"agreement","start":4382.95,"end":4383.59},{"text":"in","start":4383.59,"end":4383.75},{"text":"the","start":4383.75,"end":4383.83},{"text":"room.","start":4383.83,"end":4384.23}]},{"text":"We like the idea to link lethal to a weapon, ensuring close alignment to the GGE's mandate.","start":4384.63,"end":4390.15,"topics":[{"key":"lethality-definition","label":"Definition of Lethality","description":"A central issue was whether and how to explain the term \"lethal\" in the draft text. Delegations discussed whether lethality should refer to capacity, capability, design, or intent, and whether it should cover killing, injury, and damage to objects."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4384.63,"end":4384.75},{"text":"like","start":4384.79,"end":4385.03},{"text":"the","start":4385.07,"end":4385.15},{"text":"idea","start":4385.15,"end":4385.51},{"text":"to","start":4385.51,"end":4385.67},{"text":"link","start":4385.67,"end":4385.99},{"text":"lethal","start":4385.99,"end":4386.55},{"text":"to","start":4386.79,"end":4386.99},{"text":"a","start":4386.99,"end":4387.03},{"text":"weapon,","start":4387.03,"end":4387.51},{"text":"ensuring","start":4387.51,"end":4387.99},{"text":"close","start":4387.99,"end":4388.35},{"text":"alignment","start":4388.35,"end":4388.91},{"text":"to","start":4388.91,"end":4388.99},{"text":"the","start":4388.99,"end":4389.11},{"text":"GGE's","start":4389.11,"end":4389.71},{"text":"mandate.","start":4389.71,"end":4390.15}]},{"text":"In terms of understandability, the sentence might become clearer if we put \"lethal\" refers to weapons, for example, instead of \"lethal\" means weapons.","start":4390.71,"end":4400.15,"topics":[{"key":"lethality-definition","label":"Definition of Lethality","description":"A central issue was whether and how to explain the term \"lethal\" in the draft text. 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Australia.","start":4409.11,"end":4415.87,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next","start":4409.11,"end":4409.51},{"text":"on","start":4409.51,"end":4409.59},{"text":"my","start":4409.59,"end":4409.75},{"text":"list","start":4409.75,"end":4410.07},{"text":"is","start":4410.07,"end":4410.31},{"text":"Australia,","start":4410.31,"end":4410.95},{"text":"to","start":4411.11,"end":4411.27},{"text":"be","start":4411.27,"end":4411.43},{"text":"followed","start":4411.43,"end":4411.75},{"text":"by","start":4411.75,"end":4411.87},{"text":"Belarus,","start":4411.87,"end":4412.39},{"text":"but","start":4412.39,"end":4412.63},{"text":"let","start":4412.63,"end":4412.75},{"text":"me","start":4412.75,"end":4412.87},{"text":"first","start":4412.87,"end":4413.15},{"text":"pass","start":4413.15,"end":4413.43},{"text":"the","start":4413.43,"end":4413.51},{"text":"floor","start":4413.51,"end":4413.75},{"text":"to","start":4413.75,"end":4413.87},{"text":"the","start":4413.87,"end":4413.95},{"text":"distinguished","start":4413.95,"end":4414.47},{"text":"representative","start":4414.47,"end":4415.19},{"text":"of","start":4415.19,"end":4415.27},{"text":"Australia.","start":4415.31,"end":4415.87}]},{"text":"You 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mandate and the CCW, noting that it was important for some delegations to be explicit in this respect.","start":4423.67,"end":4438.63,"topics":[{"key":"laws-scope","label":"Scope of the LAWS Characterization","description":"Delegations debated how broadly lethal autonomous weapons systems should be characterized, including whether the text should remain a broad working characterization or be narrowed through exclusions. Speakers also discussed how to anchor the characterization within the scope, objectives, or application of the CCW."}],"words":[{"text":"Starting","start":4423.67,"end":4424.15},{"text":"with","start":4424.15,"end":4424.31},{"text":"para","start":4424.31,"end":4424.71},{"text":"1,","start":4424.71,"end":4425.03},{"text":"Australia","start":4425.07,"end":4425.51},{"text":"can","start":4425.51,"end":4425.71},{"text":"accept","start":4425.71,"end":4425.99},{"text":"the","start":4425.99,"end":4426.11},{"text":"insertion","start":4426.11,"end":4427.55},{"text":"of","start":4427.55,"end":4427.67},{"text":"the","start":4427.67,"end":4427.75},{"text":"phrase","start":4427.75,"end":4428.23},{"text":"\"within","start":4428.23,"end":4428.55},{"text":"the","start":4428.55,"end":4428.63},{"text":"scope","start":4428.63,"end":4428.95},{"text":"and","start":4428.95,"end":4429.11},{"text":"application","start":4429.11,"end":4429.83},{"text":"of","start":4429.83,"end":4429.91},{"text":"the","start":4429.91,"end":4430.03},{"text":"CCW\"","start":4430.03,"end":4430.95},{"text":"as","start":4431.19,"end":4431.43},{"text":"consistent","start":4431.43,"end":4431.91},{"text":"with","start":4431.91,"end":4432.03},{"text":"the","start":4432.03,"end":4432.11},{"text":"GGE","start":4432.11,"end":4432.59},{"text":"mandate","start":4432.59,"end":4433.03},{"text":"and","start":4433.03,"end":4433.23},{"text":"the","start":4433.23,"end":4433.31},{"text":"CCW,","start":4433.31,"end":4434.15},{"text":"noting","start":4434.47,"end":4434.87},{"text":"that","start":4434.87,"end":4434.99},{"text":"it","start":4434.99,"end":4435.07},{"text":"was","start":4435.07,"end":4435.19},{"text":"important","start":4435.19,"end":4435.59},{"text":"for","start":4435.59,"end":4435.71},{"text":"some","start":4435.71,"end":4436.07},{"text":"delegations","start":4436.15,"end":4436.83},{"text":"to","start":4436.83,"end":4436.95},{"text":"be","start":4436.95,"end":4437.15},{"text":"explicit","start":4437.15,"end":4437.67},{"text":"in","start":4437.71,"end":4437.79},{"text":"this","start":4437.79,"end":4437.99},{"text":"respect.","start":4437.99,"end":4438.63}]},{"text":"Likewise, we can support \"can\" in paragraph 1.","start":4439.11,"end":4442.39,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Likewise,","start":4439.11,"end":4439.75},{"text":"we","start":4439.75,"end":4439.87},{"text":"can","start":4439.87,"end":4440.23},{"text":"support","start":4440.23,"end":4440.59},{"text":"\"can\"","start":4440.59,"end":4441.11},{"text":"in","start":4441.11,"end":4441.27},{"text":"paragraph","start":4441.27,"end":4441.91},{"text":"1.","start":4441.91,"end":4442.39}]},{"text":"This is streamlined language.","start":4442.91,"end":4444.11,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":4442.91,"end":4443.03},{"text":"is","start":4443.03,"end":4443.11},{"text":"streamlined","start":4443.11,"end":4443.71},{"text":"language.","start":4443.71,"end":4444.11}]},{"text":"The now view appropriately captures the sorts of weapons systems that are the subject of this group's discussions.","start":4444.11,"end":4448.99,"topics":[{"key":"laws-scope","label":"Scope of the LAWS Characterization","description":"Delegations debated how broadly lethal autonomous weapons systems should be characterized, including whether the text should remain a broad working characterization or be narrowed through exclusions. Speakers also discussed how to anchor the characterization within the scope, objectives, or application of the CCW."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":4444.11,"end":4444.27},{"text":"now","start":4444.27,"end":4444.43},{"text":"view","start":4444.43,"end":4444.63},{"text":"appropriately","start":4444.63,"end":4445.23},{"text":"captures","start":4445.23,"end":4445.63},{"text":"the","start":4445.63,"end":4445.71},{"text":"sorts","start":4445.71,"end":4446.03},{"text":"of","start":4446.03,"end":4446.11},{"text":"weapons","start":4446.11,"end":4446.51},{"text":"systems","start":4446.51,"end":4446.95},{"text":"that","start":4446.95,"end":4447.07},{"text":"are","start":4447.07,"end":4447.15},{"text":"the","start":4447.15,"end":4447.23},{"text":"subject","start":4447.23,"end":4447.71},{"text":"of","start":4447.71,"end":4447.79},{"text":"this","start":4447.79,"end":4447.99},{"text":"group's","start":4447.99,"end":4448.31},{"text":"discussions.","start":4448.31,"end":4448.99}]},{"text":"That said, we would suggest a comma at the end of \"technological components\" just to ensure that the capacity to identify, select and engage can relate to both the technological components and the integrated combination phrase.","start":4449.87,"end":4463.47,"topics":[{"key":"critical-functions","label":"Critical Functions: Identify, Select and Engage","description":"Many statements focused on which functions should define autonomy in weapons systems, especially whether \"identify\" should be retained alongside \"select\" and \"engage.\" Delegations disagreed over a cumulative approach versus a broader formulation and used operational examples to clarify the implications."}],"words":[{"text":"That","start":4449.87,"end":4450.11},{"text":"said,","start":4450.11,"end":4450.27},{"text":"we","start":4450.27,"end":4450.43},{"text":"would","start":4450.43,"end":4450.67},{"text":"suggest","start":4450.67,"end":4451.31},{"text":"a","start":4451.63,"end":4451.71},{"text":"comma","start":4451.71,"end":4452.15},{"text":"at","start":4452.15,"end":4452.39},{"text":"the","start":4452.39,"end":4452.47},{"text":"end","start":4452.51,"end":4452.75},{"text":"of","start":4452.75,"end":4452.83},{"text":"\"technological","start":4452.83,"end":4453.63},{"text":"components\"","start":4453.63,"end":4454.51},{"text":"just","start":4454.67,"end":4454.91},{"text":"to","start":4454.91,"end":4454.99},{"text":"ensure","start":4454.99,"end":4455.31},{"text":"that","start":4455.31,"end":4455.51},{"text":"the","start":4455.51,"end":4455.59},{"text":"capacity","start":4455.59,"end":4456.27},{"text":"to","start":4456.27,"end":4456.43},{"text":"identify,","start":4456.43,"end":4456.99},{"text":"select","start":4456.99,"end":4457.47},{"text":"and","start":4457.79,"end":4458.07},{"text":"engage","start":4458.07,"end":4458.59},{"text":"can","start":4458.59,"end":4458.91},{"text":"relate","start":4458.91,"end":4459.35},{"text":"to","start":4459.35,"end":4459.43},{"text":"both","start":4459.43,"end":4459.63},{"text":"the","start":4459.63,"end":4459.71},{"text":"technological","start":4459.71,"end":4460.43},{"text":"components","start":4460.43,"end":4460.99},{"text":"and","start":4460.99,"end":4461.35},{"text":"the","start":4461.35,"end":4461.43},{"text":"integrated","start":4461.47,"end":4462.19},{"text":"combination","start":4462.19,"end":4462.91},{"text":"phrase.","start":4462.91,"end":4463.47}]},{"text":"Turning now to the definition of \"lethality\", with thanks again for your work on this.","start":4464.99,"end":4470.11,"topics":[{"key":"lethality-definition","label":"Definition of Lethality","description":"A central issue was whether and how to explain the term \"lethal\" in the draft text. Delegations discussed whether lethality should refer to capacity, capability, design, or intent, and whether it should cover killing, injury, and damage to objects."}],"words":[{"text":"Turning","start":4464.99,"end":4465.39},{"text":"now","start":4465.39,"end":4465.63},{"text":"to","start":4465.63,"end":4465.87},{"text":"the","start":4465.87,"end":4465.95},{"text":"definition","start":4465.95,"end":4466.67},{"text":"of","start":4466.67,"end":4466.99},{"text":"\"lethality\",","start":4466.99,"end":4468.03},{"text":"with","start":4468.35,"end":4468.55},{"text":"thanks","start":4468.55,"end":4468.79},{"text":"again","start":4468.79,"end":4469.07},{"text":"for","start":4469.07,"end":4469.19},{"text":"your","start":4469.19,"end":4469.31},{"text":"work","start":4469.31,"end":4469.63},{"text":"on","start":4469.63,"end":4469.79},{"text":"this.","start":4469.79,"end":4470.11}]},{"text":"Chair, from our perspective, and that echoing the view that has been raised by others, lethality is integral to the mandate of this GGE.","start":4470.67,"end":4480.19,"topics":[{"key":"lethality-definition","label":"Definition of Lethality","description":"A central issue was whether and how to explain the term \"lethal\" in the draft text. 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Delegations discussed whether lethality should refer to capacity, capability, design, or intent, and whether it should cover killing, injury, and damage to objects."}],"words":[{"text":"Our","start":4480.67,"end":4480.87},{"text":"preference","start":4480.87,"end":4481.31},{"text":"therefore","start":4481.31,"end":4481.75},{"text":"remains","start":4481.75,"end":4482.35},{"text":"the","start":4482.35,"end":4482.43},{"text":"inclusion","start":4482.43,"end":4482.99},{"text":"of","start":4482.99,"end":4483.07},{"text":"a","start":4483.07,"end":4483.11},{"text":"reference","start":4483.11,"end":4483.47},{"text":"to","start":4483.47,"end":4483.63},{"text":"lethal","start":4483.63,"end":4483.99},{"text":"force","start":4483.99,"end":4484.39},{"text":"in","start":4484.39,"end":4484.47},{"text":"paragraph","start":4484.47,"end":4485.07},{"text":"1","start":4485.07,"end":4485.31},{"text":"rather","start":4485.31,"end":4485.71},{"text":"than","start":4485.71,"end":4485.87},{"text":"this","start":4485.87,"end":4486.03},{"text":"definition,","start":4486.03,"end":4486.67},{"text":"though","start":4486.99,"end":4487.15},{"text":"we","start":4487.15,"end":4487.31},{"text":"were","start":4487.31,"end":4487.63},{"text":"interested","start":4487.63,"end":4488.19},{"text":"in","start":4488.19,"end":4488.35},{"text":"Singapore's","start":4488.35,"end":4488.91},{"text":"proposed","start":4488.91,"end":4489.39},{"text":"solution.","start":4489.39,"end":4490.11}]},{"text":"For completeness, we have heard the interventions of others this morning and also wished to correct the grammatical issue in the current drafting.","start":4491.15,"end":4499.95,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"For","start":4491.15,"end":4491.47},{"text":"completeness,","start":4491.47,"end":4492.27},{"text":"we","start":4492.59,"end":4492.79},{"text":"have","start":4492.79,"end":4493.07},{"text":"heard","start":4493.07,"end":4493.39},{"text":"the","start":4493.39,"end":4493.51},{"text":"interventions","start":4493.51,"end":4494.35},{"text":"of","start":4494.43,"end":4494.55},{"text":"others","start":4494.55,"end":4494.79},{"text":"this","start":4494.79,"end":4494.99},{"text":"morning","start":4494.99,"end":4495.55},{"text":"and","start":4495.55,"end":4495.79},{"text":"also","start":4495.79,"end":4496.19},{"text":"wished","start":4496.67,"end":4497.15},{"text":"to","start":4497.39,"end":4497.55},{"text":"correct","start":4497.55,"end":4497.87},{"text":"the","start":4497.87,"end":4497.95},{"text":"grammatical","start":4497.95,"end":4498.43},{"text":"issue","start":4498.43,"end":4498.75},{"text":"in","start":4498.75,"end":4498.91},{"text":"the","start":4498.91,"end":4498.99},{"text":"current","start":4498.99,"end":4499.35},{"text":"drafting.","start":4499.35,"end":4499.95}]},{"text":"The Chair could take up the idea of APLS of inserting \"weapons\" after \"lethal\", or you could delete the words \"weapons\" with like the ICRC suggested, so that the term lethal more clearly refers to the capacity and not the weapon.","start":4500.67,"end":4514.43,"topics":[{"key":"lethality-definition","label":"Definition of Lethality","description":"A central issue was whether and how to explain the term \"lethal\" in the draft text. Delegations discussed whether lethality should refer to capacity, capability, design, or intent, and whether it should cover killing, injury, and damage to objects."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":4500.67,"end":4500.79},{"text":"Chair","start":4500.83,"end":4501.03},{"text":"could","start":4501.03,"end":4501.23},{"text":"take","start":4501.23,"end":4501.47},{"text":"up","start":4501.47,"end":4501.63},{"text":"the","start":4501.63,"end":4501.75},{"text":"idea","start":4501.75,"end":4501.99},{"text":"of","start":4501.99,"end":4502.11},{"text":"APLS","start":4502.11,"end":4502.67},{"text":"of","start":4502.67,"end":4502.75},{"text":"inserting","start":4502.75,"end":4503.27},{"text":"\"weapons\"","start":4503.27,"end":4503.71},{"text":"after","start":4503.71,"end":4504.03},{"text":"\"lethal\",","start":4504.03,"end":4504.59},{"text":"or","start":4505.07,"end":4505.47},{"text":"you","start":4505.47,"end":4505.71},{"text":"could","start":4505.71,"end":4505.91},{"text":"delete","start":4505.91,"end":4506.19},{"text":"the","start":4506.19,"end":4506.35},{"text":"words","start":4506.35,"end":4506.67},{"text":"\"weapons\"","start":4506.67,"end":4507.15},{"text":"with","start":4507.15,"end":4507.47},{"text":"like","start":4508.19,"end":4508.67},{"text":"the","start":4508.67,"end":4508.79},{"text":"ICRC","start":4508.79,"end":4509.63},{"text":"suggested,","start":4509.63,"end":4510.35},{"text":"so","start":4510.59,"end":4510.79},{"text":"that","start":4510.79,"end":4510.91},{"text":"the","start":4510.91,"end":4510.99},{"text":"term","start":4510.99,"end":4511.23},{"text":"lethal","start":4511.23,"end":4511.55},{"text":"more","start":4511.55,"end":4511.75},{"text":"clearly","start":4511.75,"end":4512.11},{"text":"refers","start":4512.11,"end":4512.51},{"text":"to","start":4512.51,"end":4512.59},{"text":"the","start":4512.59,"end":4512.67},{"text":"capacity","start":4512.67,"end":4513.39},{"text":"and","start":4513.39,"end":4513.59},{"text":"not","start":4513.59,"end":4513.79},{"text":"the","start":4513.79,"end":4513.91},{"text":"weapon.","start":4513.91,"end":4514.43}]},{"text":"We do look forward to working with delegations to achieve a consensus outcome on the issue of lethality.","start":4514.99,"end":4520.35,"topics":[{"key":"lethality-definition","label":"Definition of Lethality","description":"A central issue was whether and how to explain the term \"lethal\" in the draft text. 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some comments on paragraph 1, box 1.","start":4558.19,"end":4561.43,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Briefly,","start":4558.19,"end":4558.63},{"text":"some","start":4558.63,"end":4558.87},{"text":"comments","start":4558.87,"end":4559.51},{"text":"on","start":4559.51,"end":4559.83},{"text":"paragraph","start":4559.83,"end":4560.23},{"text":"1,","start":4560.23,"end":4560.71},{"text":"box","start":4560.71,"end":4561.03},{"text":"1.","start":4561.03,"end":4561.43}]},{"text":"As we see it here, it is a very important provision, but it has essentially two approaches within 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Chairman.","start":4718.75,"end":4719.79,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":4718.75,"end":4718.99},{"text":"you,","start":4718.99,"end":4719.07},{"text":"Mr.","start":4719.07,"end":4719.31},{"text":"Chairman.","start":4719.31,"end":4719.79}]},{"text":"I just wanted to start by echoing comments that have been made by, I think, every delegation that's intervened so far this morning, which is to say that the substantial work that you and your team have done to present a new version have really put us in a good place to move this discussion 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Delegations discussed whether lethality should refer to capacity, capability, design, or intent, and whether it should cover killing, injury, and damage to objects."}],"words":[{"text":"First,","start":4815.03,"end":4815.67},{"text":"that","start":4816.55,"end":4816.87},{"text":"with","start":4816.87,"end":4817.11},{"text":"respect","start":4817.11,"end":4817.63},{"text":"to","start":4817.63,"end":4817.71},{"text":"the","start":4817.71,"end":4817.79},{"text":"word","start":4817.79,"end":4818.07},{"text":"lethal,","start":4818.07,"end":4818.79},{"text":"I","start":4819.59,"end":4819.67},{"text":"think","start":4819.67,"end":4819.83},{"text":"it's","start":4819.83,"end":4820.07},{"text":"really","start":4820.07,"end":4820.27},{"text":"important","start":4820.27,"end":4820.79},{"text":"to","start":4820.79,"end":4820.87},{"text":"understand","start":4820.87,"end":4821.47},{"text":"as","start":4821.47,"end":4821.59},{"text":"a","start":4821.59,"end":4821.63},{"text":"starting","start":4821.63,"end":4822.23},{"text":"point","start":4822.23,"end":4822.79},{"text":"that","start":4823.43,"end":4823.67},{"text":"lethal","start":4823.67,"end":4824.15},{"text":"is","start":4824.15,"end":4824.39},{"text":"in","start":4824.39,"end":4825.11},{"text":"the","start":4825.75,"end":4825.91},{"text":"mandate","start":4825.91,"end":4826.55},{"text":"that","start":4826.71,"end":4826.91},{"text":"we","start":4826.91,"end":4827.11},{"text":"have.","start":4827.11,"end":4827.75}]},{"text":"We welcome this discussion, but we don't really view this as a discussion that's attempting to achieve some sort of compromise about whether or not to include lethal, because we think that we are directed as a group of governmental experts to follow the mandate that we've been given by the high contracting parties, and it's pretty clear to our delegation that lethality is clearly within the scope of what we're trying to achieve.","start":4828.23,"end":4858.95,"topics":[{"key":"laws-scope","label":"Scope of the LAWS Characterization","description":"Delegations debated how broadly lethal autonomous weapons systems should be characterized, including whether the text should remain a broad working characterization or be narrowed through exclusions. 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Delegations discussed whether lethality should refer to capacity, capability, design, or intent, and whether it should cover killing, injury, and damage to objects."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4828.23,"end":4828.47},{"text":"welcome","start":4828.47,"end":4828.95},{"text":"this","start":4828.95,"end":4829.19},{"text":"discussion,","start":4829.19,"end":4830.07},{"text":"but","start":4831.59,"end":4831.99},{"text":"we","start":4832.47,"end":4832.67},{"text":"don't","start":4832.67,"end":4832.95},{"text":"really","start":4832.95,"end":4833.43},{"text":"view","start":4833.51,"end":4833.79},{"text":"this","start":4833.79,"end":4834.07},{"text":"as","start":4834.07,"end":4834.23},{"text":"a","start":4834.23,"end":4834.27},{"text":"discussion","start":4834.27,"end":4835.19},{"text":"that's","start":4835.19,"end":4835.75},{"text":"attempting","start":4836.23,"end":4836.79},{"text":"to","start":4836.79,"end":4836.91},{"text":"achieve","start":4836.91,"end":4837.27},{"text":"some","start":4837.27,"end":4837.43},{"text":"sort","start":4837.43,"end":4837.59},{"text":"of","start":4837.59,"end":4837.67},{"text":"compromise","start":4837.67,"end":4838.47},{"text":"about","start":4838.47,"end":4838.71},{"text":"whether","start":4838.71,"end":4839.07},{"text":"or","start":4839.07,"end":4839.19},{"text":"not","start":4839.19,"end":4839.47},{"text":"to","start":4839.47,"end":4839.55},{"text":"include","start":4839.55,"end":4839.91},{"text":"lethal,","start":4839.91,"end":4840.47},{"text":"because","start":4840.55,"end":4840.95},{"text":"we","start":4840.95,"end":4841.11},{"text":"think","start":4841.11,"end":4841.39},{"text":"that","start":4841.39,"end":4841.59},{"text":"we","start":4841.75,"end":4842.23},{"text":"are","start":4842.23,"end":4842.71},{"text":"directed","start":4843.03,"end":4843.91},{"text":"as","start":4843.91,"end":4844.15},{"text":"a","start":4844.15,"end":4844.19},{"text":"group","start":4844.19,"end":4844.39},{"text":"of","start":4844.39,"end":4844.55},{"text":"governmental","start":4844.55,"end":4845.03},{"text":"experts","start":4845.03,"end":4845.75},{"text":"to","start":4845.75,"end":4845.87},{"text":"follow","start":4845.87,"end":4846.15},{"text":"the","start":4846.15,"end":4846.27},{"text":"mandate","start":4846.27,"end":4846.67},{"text":"that","start":4846.67,"end":4846.79},{"text":"we've","start":4846.79,"end":4846.99},{"text":"been","start":4846.99,"end":4847.19},{"text":"given","start":4847.19,"end":4847.59},{"text":"by","start":4847.59,"end":4847.75},{"text":"the","start":4847.75,"end":4847.87},{"text":"high","start":4847.87,"end":4847.99},{"text":"contracting","start":4847.99,"end":4848.55},{"text":"parties,","start":4848.55,"end":4849.11},{"text":"and","start":4849.11,"end":4849.27},{"text":"it's","start":4849.27,"end":4849.51},{"text":"pretty","start":4849.51,"end":4849.75},{"text":"clear","start":4849.75,"end":4850.07},{"text":"to","start":4850.07,"end":4850.23},{"text":"our","start":4850.23,"end":4850.39},{"text":"delegation","start":4850.39,"end":4851.19},{"text":"that","start":4851.83,"end":4852.15},{"text":"lethality","start":4852.55,"end":4853.43},{"text":"is","start":4853.43,"end":4853.75},{"text":"clearly","start":4853.91,"end":4854.35},{"text":"within","start":4854.35,"end":4854.95},{"text":"the","start":4855.75,"end":4855.99},{"text":"scope","start":4855.99,"end":4856.39},{"text":"of","start":4856.39,"end":4856.51},{"text":"what","start":4856.51,"end":4856.71},{"text":"we're","start":4856.71,"end":4857.11},{"text":"trying","start":4857.75,"end":4858.23},{"text":"to","start":4858.23,"end":4858.31},{"text":"achieve.","start":4858.31,"end":4858.95}]},{"text":"So what we very much understand is that we're in the process of trying to understand how best to clarify and to explain what we mean by that concept.","start":4858.95,"end":4871.19,"topics":[{"key":"lethality-definition","label":"Definition of Lethality","description":"A central issue was whether and how to explain the term \"lethal\" in the draft text. Delegations discussed whether lethality should refer to capacity, capability, design, or intent, and whether it should cover killing, injury, and damage to 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listened very, very carefully to the discussion this morning, and And we're hearing a lot of very good 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I'm not sure we are ready to decide that any one of these is the best possible approach because we think there are merits and advantages to several of the approaches that we've heard this 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so just to recap what we've heard and the way we've heard it.","start":4900.15,"end":4903.99,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":4900.15,"end":4900.39},{"text":"so","start":4900.39,"end":4900.87},{"text":"just","start":4901.19,"end":4901.47},{"text":"to","start":4901.47,"end":4901.55},{"text":"recap","start":4901.55,"end":4902.23},{"text":"what","start":4902.31,"end":4902.55},{"text":"we've","start":4902.55,"end":4902.79},{"text":"heard","start":4902.79,"end":4902.99},{"text":"and","start":4902.99,"end":4903.11},{"text":"the","start":4903.11,"end":4903.19},{"text":"way","start":4903.19,"end":4903.35},{"text":"we've","start":4903.35,"end":4903.51},{"text":"heard","start":4903.51,"end":4903.75},{"text":"it.","start":4903.75,"end":4903.99}]},{"text":"Well, actually, maybe to start with one that we haven't heard, but just to maybe put it on the table as maybe a simple way to think about this that could avoid a lot of the more difficult follow-on issues that we have with going to great lengths to provide additional definition.","start":4906.31,"end":4925.27,"topics":[{"key":"lethality-definition","label":"Definition of Lethality","description":"A central issue was whether and how to explain the term \"lethal\" in the draft text. Delegations discussed whether lethality should refer to capacity, capability, design, or intent, and whether it should cover killing, injury, and damage to objects."}],"words":[{"text":"Well,","start":4906.31,"end":4906.47},{"text":"actually,","start":4906.47,"end":4907.07},{"text":"maybe","start":4907.07,"end":4907.27},{"text":"to","start":4907.27,"end":4907.35},{"text":"start","start":4907.35,"end":4907.59},{"text":"with","start":4907.59,"end":4907.71},{"text":"one","start":4907.71,"end":4907.87},{"text":"that","start":4907.87,"end":4907.99},{"text":"we","start":4907.99,"end":4908.07},{"text":"haven't","start":4908.07,"end":4908.51},{"text":"heard,","start":4908.51,"end":4908.79},{"text":"but","start":4908.87,"end":4909.11},{"text":"just","start":4909.11,"end":4909.47},{"text":"to","start":4909.47,"end":4909.55},{"text":"maybe","start":4909.59,"end":4909.95},{"text":"put","start":4909.95,"end":4910.15},{"text":"it","start":4910.15,"end":4910.23},{"text":"on","start":4910.23,"end":4910.35},{"text":"the","start":4910.35,"end":4910.43},{"text":"table","start":4910.43,"end":4911.03},{"text":"as","start":4913.27,"end":4913.67},{"text":"maybe","start":4913.67,"end":4914.15},{"text":"a","start":4914.15,"end":4914.19},{"text":"simple","start":4914.19,"end":4914.55},{"text":"way","start":4914.55,"end":4914.71},{"text":"to","start":4914.71,"end":4914.83},{"text":"think","start":4914.83,"end":4915.07},{"text":"about","start":4915.07,"end":4915.35},{"text":"this","start":4915.35,"end":4916.07},{"text":"that","start":4916.15,"end":4916.39},{"text":"could","start":4916.39,"end":4916.59},{"text":"avoid","start":4916.59,"end":4917.23},{"text":"a","start":4917.23,"end":4917.27},{"text":"lot","start":4917.27,"end":4917.63},{"text":"of","start":4917.63,"end":4917.75},{"text":"the","start":4917.75,"end":4917.87},{"text":"more","start":4917.87,"end":4918.07},{"text":"difficult","start":4918.07,"end":4918.67},{"text":"follow-on","start":4919.75,"end":4920.31},{"text":"issues","start":4920.31,"end":4920.67},{"text":"that","start":4920.67,"end":4920.79},{"text":"we","start":4920.79,"end":4920.95},{"text":"have","start":4920.95,"end":4921.27},{"text":"with","start":4921.27,"end":4921.51},{"text":"going","start":4922.15,"end":4922.47},{"text":"to","start":4922.47,"end":4922.63},{"text":"great","start":4922.71,"end":4922.95},{"text":"lengths","start":4922.95,"end":4923.27},{"text":"to","start":4923.27,"end":4923.75},{"text":"provide","start":4923.75,"end":4924.11},{"text":"additional","start":4924.11,"end":4924.51},{"text":"definition.","start":4924.51,"end":4925.27}]},{"text":"A simple solution could be to add the word lethal before the first reference to weapons and leave it at that.","start":4926.31,"end":4935.27,"topics":[{"key":"lethality-definition","label":"Definition of Lethality","description":"A central issue was whether and how to explain the term \"lethal\" in the draft text. Delegations discussed whether lethality should refer to capacity, capability, design, or intent, and whether it should cover killing, injury, and damage to objects."}],"words":[{"text":"A","start":4926.31,"end":4926.35},{"text":"simple","start":4926.35,"end":4926.71},{"text":"solution","start":4926.71,"end":4927.59},{"text":"could","start":4927.83,"end":4928.23},{"text":"be","start":4928.23,"end":4928.55},{"text":"to","start":4928.55,"end":4928.87},{"text":"add","start":4928.95,"end":4929.31},{"text":"the","start":4929.31,"end":4929.39},{"text":"word","start":4929.39,"end":4929.63},{"text":"lethal","start":4929.63,"end":4930.15},{"text":"before","start":4930.15,"end":4930.47},{"text":"the","start":4930.47,"end":4930.55},{"text":"first","start":4930.55,"end":4930.87},{"text":"reference","start":4930.87,"end":4931.35},{"text":"to","start":4931.35,"end":4931.47},{"text":"weapons","start":4931.47,"end":4932.23},{"text":"and","start":4933.35,"end":4933.83},{"text":"leave","start":4934.55,"end":4934.75},{"text":"it","start":4934.75,"end":4934.83},{"text":"at","start":4934.83,"end":4934.91},{"text":"that.","start":4934.91,"end":4935.27}]},{"text":"I'm not sure if we could agree to include that word at this point in this paragraph that we would need a lot of the additional work to provide these clarifications.","start":4936.03,"end":4948.35,"topics":[{"key":"lethality-definition","label":"Definition of Lethality","description":"A central issue was whether and how to explain the term \"lethal\" in the draft text. 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Delegations discussed whether lethality should refer to capacity, capability, design, or intent, and whether it should cover killing, injury, and damage to objects."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":5048.51,"end":5049.15},{"text":"while","start":5050.07,"end":5050.35},{"text":"we","start":5050.35,"end":5050.51},{"text":"might","start":5050.51,"end":5050.83},{"text":"have","start":5050.83,"end":5051.39},{"text":"suggestions","start":5051.79,"end":5052.59},{"text":"about","start":5052.59,"end":5052.99},{"text":"particular","start":5052.99,"end":5053.51},{"text":"wording,","start":5053.51,"end":5054.27},{"text":"the","start":5054.75,"end":5054.87},{"text":"idea","start":5054.91,"end":5055.47},{"text":"of","start":5055.51,"end":5055.63},{"text":"including","start":5055.63,"end":5056.15},{"text":"the","start":5056.15,"end":5056.27},{"text":"clause","start":5056.27,"end":5057.15},{"text":"that","start":5057.15,"end":5057.35},{"text":"the","start":5057.35,"end":5057.43},{"text":"Russian","start":5057.43,"end":5057.79},{"text":"Federation","start":5057.79,"end":5058.35},{"text":"identified","start":5058.35,"end":5059.07},{"text":"in","start":5059.07,"end":5059.23},{"text":"the","start":5059.23,"end":5059.31},{"text":"position","start":5059.31,"end":5059.95},{"text":"that","start":5059.95,"end":5060.07},{"text":"the","start":5060.07,"end":5060.19},{"text":"Russian","start":5060.19,"end":5060.83},{"text":"Federation","start":5061.15,"end":5061.67},{"text":"identified","start":5061.67,"end":5062.51},{"text":"also","start":5062.91,"end":5063.27},{"text":"strikes","start":5063.27,"end":5063.71},{"text":"us","start":5063.71,"end":5064.11},{"text":"as","start":5064.71,"end":5064.99},{"text":"an","start":5065.83,"end":5065.95},{"text":"idea","start":5065.95,"end":5066.35},{"text":"that","start":5066.35,"end":5066.59},{"text":"we","start":5066.59,"end":5066.75},{"text":"should","start":5066.75,"end":5066.91},{"text":"continue","start":5066.91,"end":5067.63},{"text":"to","start":5068.59,"end":5069.07},{"text":"keep","start":5069.47,"end":5069.71},{"text":"on","start":5069.71,"end":5069.87},{"text":"the","start":5069.87,"end":5069.95},{"text":"table.","start":5069.95,"end":5070.43}]},{"text":"And then to come back to a suggestion that was made by the Asia Pacific Institute and again the delegation of Singapore, and this gets to my W in laws and CCW.","start":5070.99,"end":5084.99,"topics":[{"key":"laws-scope","label":"Scope of the LAWS Characterization","description":"Delegations debated how broadly lethal autonomous weapons systems should be characterized, including whether the text should remain a broad working characterization or be narrowed through exclusions. 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Speakers also discussed how to anchor the characterization within the scope, objectives, or application of the CCW."}],"words":[{"text":"I","start":5085.55,"end":5085.71},{"text":"think","start":5085.71,"end":5085.95},{"text":"for","start":5085.95,"end":5086.07},{"text":"our","start":5086.07,"end":5086.19},{"text":"delegation,","start":5086.19,"end":5086.75},{"text":"having","start":5086.75,"end":5087.07},{"text":"heard","start":5087.07,"end":5087.47},{"text":"the","start":5087.47,"end":5087.59},{"text":"discussion,","start":5087.59,"end":5088.59},{"text":"a","start":5088.99,"end":5089.03},{"text":"lot","start":5089.03,"end":5089.27},{"text":"of","start":5089.27,"end":5089.39},{"text":"delegations","start":5089.39,"end":5090.19},{"text":"have","start":5090.19,"end":5090.51},{"text":"suggested","start":5090.91,"end":5091.55},{"text":"that","start":5091.55,"end":5091.71},{"text":"we","start":5091.71,"end":5091.87},{"text":"can","start":5091.87,"end":5092.03},{"text":"delete","start":5092.03,"end":5092.59},{"text":"the","start":5092.67,"end":5092.91},{"text":"reference","start":5092.91,"end":5093.39},{"text":"to","start":5093.39,"end":5093.55},{"text":"weapon","start":5093.55,"end":5094.19},{"text":"in","start":5094.67,"end":5095.23},{"text":"what","start":5095.55,"end":5095.79},{"text":"is","start":5095.79,"end":5095.95},{"text":"now","start":5095.95,"end":5096.27},{"text":"sort","start":5096.35,"end":5096.59},{"text":"of","start":5096.59,"end":5096.67},{"text":"the","start":5096.67,"end":5096.79},{"text":"paragraph","start":5096.79,"end":5097.63},{"text":"to","start":5100.35,"end":5100.99},{"text":"approach","start":5101.83,"end":5102.39},{"text":"that","start":5102.39,"end":5102.63},{"text":"is","start":5102.63,"end":5102.79},{"text":"in","start":5102.79,"end":5102.95},{"text":"your","start":5102.95,"end":5103.19},{"text":"current","start":5103.19,"end":5103.47},{"text":"proposal,","start":5103.47,"end":5103.99},{"text":"Chair.","start":5103.99,"end":5104.55}]},{"text":"But for our delegation, I think the discussion highlights the need to emphasize the connection to weapons.","start":5104.95,"end":5115.23,"topics":[{"key":"laws-scope","label":"Scope of the LAWS Characterization","description":"Delegations debated how broadly lethal autonomous weapons systems should be characterized, including whether the text should remain a broad working characterization or be narrowed through exclusions. Speakers also discussed how to anchor the characterization within the scope, objectives, or application of the CCW."}],"words":[{"text":"But","start":5104.95,"end":5105.11},{"text":"for","start":5105.11,"end":5105.35},{"text":"our","start":5105.35,"end":5105.43},{"text":"delegation,","start":5105.43,"end":5106.15},{"text":"I","start":5106.15,"end":5106.23},{"text":"think","start":5106.23,"end":5106.55},{"text":"the","start":5107.11,"end":5107.31},{"text":"discussion","start":5107.31,"end":5108.07},{"text":"highlights","start":5108.23,"end":5108.87},{"text":"the","start":5108.87,"end":5108.95},{"text":"need","start":5108.95,"end":5109.43},{"text":"to","start":5109.83,"end":5110.47},{"text":"emphasize","start":5111.27,"end":5112.47},{"text":"the","start":5113.35,"end":5113.91},{"text":"connection","start":5113.99,"end":5114.55},{"text":"to","start":5114.55,"end":5114.71},{"text":"weapons.","start":5114.71,"end":5115.23}]},{"text":"And so we would support the suggestions made by the Asia Pacific Institute, which I think were echoed by Singapore, but I may be misspeaking here, to incorporate a reference to weapons more clearly in paragraph two.","start":5115.23,"end":5137.03,"topics":[{"key":"laws-scope","label":"Scope of the LAWS Characterization","description":"Delegations debated how broadly lethal autonomous weapons systems should be characterized, including whether the text should remain a broad working characterization or be narrowed through exclusions. Speakers also discussed how to anchor the characterization within the scope, objectives, or application of the CCW."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":5115.23,"end":5115.39},{"text":"so","start":5115.39,"end":5115.91},{"text":"we","start":5116.23,"end":5116.47},{"text":"would","start":5116.47,"end":5116.63},{"text":"support","start":5116.63,"end":5117.27},{"text":"the","start":5117.75,"end":5117.91},{"text":"suggestions","start":5117.91,"end":5118.71},{"text":"made","start":5118.71,"end":5119.03},{"text":"by","start":5119.03,"end":5119.19},{"text":"the","start":5119.19,"end":5119.31},{"text":"Asia","start":5119.31,"end":5119.59},{"text":"Pacific","start":5119.59,"end":5120.07},{"text":"Institute,","start":5120.07,"end":5120.83},{"text":"which","start":5121.07,"end":5121.27},{"text":"I","start":5121.27,"end":5121.35},{"text":"think","start":5121.35,"end":5121.59},{"text":"were","start":5121.59,"end":5121.83},{"text":"echoed","start":5121.83,"end":5122.23},{"text":"by","start":5122.63,"end":5122.95},{"text":"Singapore,","start":5123.03,"end":5123.59},{"text":"but","start":5123.59,"end":5123.71},{"text":"I","start":5123.71,"end":5123.75},{"text":"may","start":5123.75,"end":5123.91},{"text":"be","start":5123.91,"end":5124.03},{"text":"misspeaking","start":5124.03,"end":5124.55},{"text":"here,","start":5124.55,"end":5124.95},{"text":"to","start":5125.75,"end":5126.39},{"text":"incorporate","start":5127.51,"end":5128.55},{"text":"a","start":5129.11,"end":5129.15},{"text":"reference","start":5129.15,"end":5129.83},{"text":"to","start":5129.83,"end":5130.15},{"text":"weapons","start":5130.15,"end":5131.27},{"text":"more","start":5131.59,"end":5131.83},{"text":"clearly","start":5131.83,"end":5132.71},{"text":"in","start":5134.95,"end":5135.43},{"text":"paragraph","start":5135.91,"end":5136.47},{"text":"two.","start":5136.47,"end":5137.03}]},{"text":"I think their suggestion was to say lethal weapons means weapons, et cetera.","start":5137.51,"end":5142.39,"topics":[{"key":"lethality-definition","label":"Definition of Lethality","description":"A central issue was whether and how to explain the term \"lethal\" in the draft text. Delegations discussed whether lethality should refer to capacity, capability, design, or intent, and whether it should cover killing, injury, and damage to objects."}],"words":[{"text":"I","start":5137.51,"end":5137.59},{"text":"think","start":5137.59,"end":5137.75},{"text":"their","start":5137.75,"end":5137.91},{"text":"suggestion","start":5137.91,"end":5138.39},{"text":"was","start":5138.39,"end":5138.63},{"text":"to","start":5138.63,"end":5138.75},{"text":"say","start":5138.75,"end":5139.27},{"text":"lethal","start":5139.27,"end":5139.67},{"text":"weapons","start":5139.67,"end":5140.15},{"text":"means","start":5140.15,"end":5140.63},{"text":"weapons,","start":5140.63,"end":5141.35},{"text":"et","start":5141.75,"end":5141.91},{"text":"cetera.","start":5141.91,"end":5142.39}]},{"text":"So we liked that suggestion.","start":5142.79,"end":5145.91,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":5142.79,"end":5143.11},{"text":"we","start":5143.11,"end":5143.91},{"text":"liked","start":5143.91,"end":5144.39},{"text":"that","start":5144.39,"end":5144.71},{"text":"suggestion.","start":5145.03,"end":5145.91}]},{"text":"To pick up on some points that our distinguished delegate from Australia made, and here this may be a debate that's unique among the native English speakers.","start":5146.71,"end":5160.31,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"To","start":5146.71,"end":5146.99},{"text":"pick","start":5146.99,"end":5147.19},{"text":"up","start":5147.19,"end":5147.43},{"text":"on","start":5147.43,"end":5147.99},{"text":"some","start":5148.07,"end":5148.55},{"text":"points","start":5148.71,"end":5149.51},{"text":"that","start":5150.31,"end":5151.03},{"text":"our","start":5151.67,"end":5152.79},{"text":"distinguished","start":5152.95,"end":5153.47},{"text":"delegate","start":5153.47,"end":5153.83},{"text":"from","start":5153.83,"end":5153.99},{"text":"Australia","start":5153.99,"end":5154.47},{"text":"made,","start":5154.47,"end":5155.03},{"text":"and","start":5156.15,"end":5156.35},{"text":"here","start":5156.35,"end":5156.63},{"text":"this","start":5156.63,"end":5156.87},{"text":"may","start":5156.87,"end":5157.11},{"text":"be","start":5157.11,"end":5157.27},{"text":"a","start":5157.27,"end":5157.35},{"text":"debate","start":5157.51,"end":5157.99},{"text":"that's","start":5157.99,"end":5158.27},{"text":"unique","start":5158.27,"end":5158.55},{"text":"among","start":5158.55,"end":5158.87},{"text":"the","start":5158.87,"end":5158.99},{"text":"native","start":5158.99,"end":5159.27},{"text":"English","start":5159.27,"end":5159.63},{"text":"speakers.","start":5159.63,"end":5160.31}]},{"text":"We did agree that including the comma after the word \"components\" in paragraph 1 is an important grammatical addition because, like the delegation of Australia, we do want to stress that what we're talking about relates to both components of this 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way that we think could also make that clear would be to change that to the word \"which.\"","start":5186.91,"end":5194.43,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Another","start":5186.91,"end":5187.39},{"text":"way","start":5187.39,"end":5187.71},{"text":"that","start":5187.87,"end":5188.11},{"text":"we","start":5188.19,"end":5188.39},{"text":"think","start":5188.39,"end":5188.63},{"text":"could","start":5188.63,"end":5188.83},{"text":"also","start":5188.83,"end":5189.11},{"text":"make","start":5189.11,"end":5189.35},{"text":"that","start":5189.35,"end":5189.63},{"text":"clear","start":5189.63,"end":5190.11},{"text":"would","start":5190.11,"end":5190.35},{"text":"be","start":5190.35,"end":5190.59},{"text":"to","start":5190.59,"end":5190.71},{"text":"change","start":5190.71,"end":5191.47},{"text":"that","start":5191.79,"end":5192.43},{"text":"to","start":5192.67,"end":5192.91},{"text":"the","start":5193.07,"end":5193.19},{"text":"word","start":5193.19,"end":5193.55},{"text":"\"which.\"","start":5193.55,"end":5194.43}]},{"text":"But I think the essential idea of including the comma there is something that we think makes a lot of 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reference to human user, I think, continues to create some concerns for our delegation.","start":5205.55,"end":5217.03,"topics":[{"key":"human-control","label":"Human Control and Temporal Aspects","description":"Speakers examined how to reflect human involvement in the operation of autonomous weapons, including references to human users, operators, control, and intervention. Several delegations also stressed the importance of timing, proposing language such as \"once activated\" or \"without further intervention\" to capture the temporal dimension of autonomy."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":5205.55,"end":5206.03},{"text":"reference","start":5210.19,"end":5210.83},{"text":"to","start":5210.83,"end":5211.03},{"text":"human","start":5211.23,"end":5211.63},{"text":"user,","start":5211.63,"end":5212.19},{"text":"I","start":5212.19,"end":5212.27},{"text":"think,","start":5212.27,"end":5212.47},{"text":"continues","start":5212.47,"end":5213.07},{"text":"to","start":5213.07,"end":5213.71},{"text":"create","start":5214.87,"end":5215.19},{"text":"some","start":5215.19,"end":5215.35},{"text":"concerns","start":5215.35,"end":5215.91},{"text":"for","start":5215.91,"end":5216.03},{"text":"our","start":5216.03,"end":5216.11},{"text":"delegation.","start":5216.11,"end":5217.03}]},{"text":"I think the main concern that we have -- well, we have two concerns.","start":5217.03,"end":5220.15,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":5217.03,"end":5217.35},{"text":"think","start":5217.35,"end":5217.51},{"text":"the","start":5217.51,"end":5217.59},{"text":"main","start":5217.59,"end":5218.07},{"text":"concern","start":5218.07,"end":5218.63},{"text":"that","start":5218.63,"end":5218.75},{"text":"we","start":5218.75,"end":5218.87},{"text":"have","start":5218.87,"end":5219.07},{"text":"--","start":5219.07,"end":5219.11},{"text":"well,","start":5219.11,"end":5219.23},{"text":"we","start":5219.23,"end":5219.31},{"text":"have","start":5219.31,"end":5219.43},{"text":"two","start":5219.43,"end":5219.59},{"text":"concerns.","start":5219.59,"end":5220.15}]},{"text":"We continue to think \"operator\" is simply the better way to refer to the particular user that we have in mind, both because as a matter of our practice, that's how we would view the right human being to be identified.","start":5220.87,"end":5240.23,"topics":[{"key":"human-control","label":"Human Control and Temporal Aspects","description":"Speakers examined how to reflect human involvement in the operation of autonomous weapons, including references to human users, operators, control, and intervention. 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Several delegations also stressed the importance of timing, proposing language such as \"once activated\" or \"without further intervention\" to capture the temporal dimension of autonomy."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":5269.19,"end":5269.35},{"text":"a","start":5269.35,"end":5269.39},{"text":"human","start":5269.39,"end":5269.83},{"text":"user","start":5269.83,"end":5270.55},{"text":"could","start":5270.71,"end":5271.03},{"text":"theoretically","start":5271.83,"end":5272.47},{"text":"refer","start":5272.47,"end":5272.79},{"text":"to","start":5272.79,"end":5273.03},{"text":"a","start":5273.35,"end":5273.39},{"text":"human","start":5273.39,"end":5273.91},{"text":"user","start":5273.91,"end":5274.31},{"text":"at","start":5274.31,"end":5274.43},{"text":"an","start":5274.43,"end":5274.63},{"text":"earlier","start":5274.63,"end":5275.19},{"text":"stage","start":5275.19,"end":5275.59},{"text":"in","start":5275.59,"end":5275.79},{"text":"that","start":5275.79,"end":5275.95},{"text":"life","start":5275.95,"end":5276.19},{"text":"cycle,","start":5276.19,"end":5276.79},{"text":"or","start":5277.27,"end":5277.59},{"text":"in","start":5277.59,"end":5277.83},{"text":"an","start":5277.83,"end":5277.91},{"text":"earlier","start":5277.91,"end":5278.31},{"text":"place","start":5278.31,"end":5278.95},{"text":"in","start":5279.83,"end":5280.31},{"text":"the","start":5280.31,"end":5280.59},{"text":"sunrise","start":5281.43,"end":5282.11},{"text":"graph.","start":5282.11,"end":5282.71}]},{"text":"And we think it's important, as several other delegations have emphasized, to bring with this characterization the idea of the temporal aspect of the intervention that we're talking about.","start":5283.43,"end":5294.19,"topics":[{"key":"human-control","label":"Human Control and Temporal Aspects","description":"Speakers examined how to reflect human involvement in the operation of autonomous weapons, including references to human users, operators, control, and intervention. Several delegations also stressed the importance of timing, proposing language such as \"once activated\" or \"without further intervention\" to capture the temporal dimension of autonomy."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":5283.43,"end":5283.83},{"text":"we","start":5283.83,"end":5283.99},{"text":"think","start":5283.99,"end":5284.19},{"text":"it's","start":5284.19,"end":5284.43},{"text":"important,","start":5284.43,"end":5284.99},{"text":"as","start":5285.03,"end":5285.27},{"text":"several","start":5285.27,"end":5285.67},{"text":"other","start":5285.67,"end":5285.83},{"text":"delegations","start":5285.83,"end":5286.59},{"text":"have","start":5286.59,"end":5286.87},{"text":"emphasized,","start":5286.87,"end":5287.83},{"text":"to","start":5288.23,"end":5288.39},{"text":"bring","start":5288.39,"end":5288.71},{"text":"with","start":5288.71,"end":5289.23},{"text":"this","start":5289.23,"end":5289.51},{"text":"characterization","start":5289.51,"end":5290.47},{"text":"the","start":5290.47,"end":5290.55},{"text":"idea","start":5290.55,"end":5290.99},{"text":"of","start":5290.99,"end":5291.11},{"text":"the","start":5291.11,"end":5291.23},{"text":"temporal","start":5291.23,"end":5291.83},{"text":"aspect","start":5291.83,"end":5292.47},{"text":"of","start":5292.47,"end":5292.55},{"text":"the","start":5292.55,"end":5292.67},{"text":"intervention","start":5292.67,"end":5293.19},{"text":"that","start":5293.19,"end":5293.31},{"text":"we're","start":5293.31,"end":5293.47},{"text":"talking","start":5293.47,"end":5293.83},{"text":"about.","start":5293.83,"end":5294.19}]},{"text":"And we think \"operator\" continues to best capture that.","start":5294.19,"end":5299.75,"topics":[{"key":"human-control","label":"Human Control and Temporal Aspects","description":"Speakers examined how to reflect human involvement in the operation of autonomous weapons, including references to human users, operators, control, and intervention. Several delegations also stressed the importance of timing, proposing language such as \"once activated\" or \"without further intervention\" to capture the temporal dimension of autonomy."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":5294.19,"end":5294.31},{"text":"we","start":5294.31,"end":5294.39},{"text":"think","start":5294.39,"end":5294.63},{"text":"\"operator\"","start":5294.63,"end":5295.35},{"text":"continues","start":5295.75,"end":5296.31},{"text":"to","start":5296.31,"end":5296.47},{"text":"best","start":5296.47,"end":5296.95},{"text":"capture","start":5296.95,"end":5297.91},{"text":"that.","start":5298.55,"end":5299.75}]},{"text":"Chair, I think the last observation that we would make is that we are listening very carefully to the debate about identify, and like many other delegations, we do think that this is an issue that would greatly benefit by more concrete examples of what it is that we're talking about, both in terms of what delegations are concerned will be excluded and what 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that's the value of this body, that we have the technological, the military, the legal expertise to have that much more detailed technical 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so we think that would be helpful to do.","start":5348.99,"end":5353.35,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":5348.99,"end":5349.15},{"text":"so","start":5349.15,"end":5349.35},{"text":"we","start":5349.35,"end":5349.67},{"text":"think","start":5349.67,"end":5349.87},{"text":"that","start":5349.87,"end":5350.07},{"text":"would","start":5350.07,"end":5350.23},{"text":"be","start":5350.23,"end":5350.63},{"text":"helpful","start":5350.87,"end":5351.51},{"text":"to","start":5352.63,"end":5352.87},{"text":"do.","start":5352.87,"end":5353.35}]},{"text":"I think for our delegations, from our delegation's perspective, like many other delegations, We initially were very attracted to references to select and engage.","start":5353.91,"end":5365.31,"topics":[{"key":"critical-functions","label":"Critical Functions: Identify, Select and Engage","description":"Many statements focused on which functions should define autonomy in weapons systems, especially whether \"identify\" should be retained 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think we continue to be attracted to that, but we understand the complexity of this particular issue and are very, very eager to continue to work with everyone to try to find a way 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you.","start":5377.39,"end":5377.71,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":5377.39,"end":5377.59},{"text":"you.","start":5377.59,"end":5377.71}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"USA","group":null,"function":null,"affiliation_full":"United States of America"}},{"statement_number":37,"start":5381.95,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1t/k1t48lttgq?t=1:29:42","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Let me thank the distinguished representative of the United States for sharing the views of his delegation and for commenting on the text proposals, as well as offering to participate in a discussion with regard to identify.","start":5381.95,"end":5396.27,"topics":[{"key":"critical-functions","label":"Critical Functions: Identify, Select and Engage","description":"Many statements focused on which functions should define autonomy in weapons systems, especially whether \"identify\" should be retained alongside \"select\" and \"engage.\" Delegations disagreed over a cumulative approach versus a broader formulation and used operational examples to clarify the implications."}],"words":[{"text":"Let","start":5381.95,"end":5382.07},{"text":"me","start":5382.07,"end":5382.43},{"text":"thank","start":5382.59,"end":5382.91},{"text":"the","start":5382.91,"end":5383.03},{"text":"distinguished","start":5383.03,"end":5383.55},{"text":"representative","start":5383.55,"end":5384.27},{"text":"of","start":5384.27,"end":5384.35},{"text":"the","start":5384.35,"end":5384.43},{"text":"United","start":5384.43,"end":5384.91},{"text":"States","start":5384.91,"end":5385.35},{"text":"for","start":5385.35,"end":5385.63},{"text":"sharing","start":5385.63,"end":5385.95},{"text":"the","start":5385.95,"end":5386.03},{"text":"views","start":5386.03,"end":5386.31},{"text":"of","start":5386.31,"end":5386.43},{"text":"his","start":5386.43,"end":5386.55},{"text":"delegation","start":5386.55,"end":5387.31},{"text":"and","start":5387.31,"end":5387.43},{"text":"for","start":5387.43,"end":5387.63},{"text":"commenting","start":5387.63,"end":5388.19},{"text":"on","start":5388.19,"end":5388.27},{"text":"the","start":5388.27,"end":5388.39},{"text":"text","start":5388.39,"end":5388.63},{"text":"proposals,","start":5388.63,"end":5389.31},{"text":"as","start":5390.19,"end":5390.35},{"text":"well","start":5390.35,"end":5390.59},{"text":"as","start":5390.59,"end":5390.75},{"text":"offering","start":5390.75,"end":5391.15},{"text":"to","start":5391.15,"end":5391.31},{"text":"participate","start":5391.87,"end":5392.47},{"text":"in","start":5392.47,"end":5392.59},{"text":"a","start":5392.59,"end":5392.67},{"text":"discussion","start":5392.67,"end":5393.47},{"text":"with","start":5393.63,"end":5393.83},{"text":"regard","start":5393.87,"end":5394.43},{"text":"to","start":5394.91,"end":5395.39},{"text":"identify.","start":5395.55,"end":5396.27}]},{"text":"Next on my list is China to be followed by the Republic of Korea and Australia.","start":5396.99,"end":5403.39,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next","start":5396.99,"end":5397.43},{"text":"on","start":5397.43,"end":5397.51},{"text":"my","start":5397.51,"end":5397.63},{"text":"list","start":5397.63,"end":5397.91},{"text":"is","start":5397.95,"end":5398.19},{"text":"China","start":5398.19,"end":5398.63},{"text":"to","start":5398.99,"end":5399.23},{"text":"be","start":5399.23,"end":5399.63},{"text":"followed","start":5399.71,"end":5400.19},{"text":"by","start":5400.19,"end":5400.39},{"text":"the","start":5400.43,"end":5400.55},{"text":"Republic","start":5400.83,"end":5401.39},{"text":"of","start":5401.51,"end":5401.63},{"text":"Korea","start":5401.63,"end":5402.47},{"text":"and","start":5402.47,"end":5402.75},{"text":"Australia.","start":5402.75,"end":5403.39}]},{"text":"Is this an old blackboard?","start":5403.39,"end":5405.03,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Is","start":5403.39,"end":5403.55},{"text":"this","start":5403.55,"end":5403.83},{"text":"an","start":5403.83,"end":5404.03},{"text":"old","start":5404.03,"end":5404.35},{"text":"blackboard?","start":5404.35,"end":5405.03}]},{"text":"Okay, good.","start":5405.03,"end":5405.79,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Okay,","start":5405.03,"end":5405.27},{"text":"good.","start":5405.59,"end":5405.79}]},{"text":"Then it is China to be followed by the Republic of Korea, but let me first pass the floor to the distinguished representative of China.","start":5406.43,"end":5416.91,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Then","start":5406.43,"end":5406.59},{"text":"it","start":5406.59,"end":5406.75},{"text":"is","start":5406.75,"end":5406.99},{"text":"China","start":5407.79,"end":5408.19},{"text":"to","start":5408.19,"end":5408.39},{"text":"be","start":5408.39,"end":5408.51},{"text":"followed","start":5408.51,"end":5408.83},{"text":"by","start":5408.83,"end":5408.99},{"text":"the","start":5408.99,"end":5409.11},{"text":"Republic","start":5409.11,"end":5409.55},{"text":"of","start":5409.55,"end":5409.63},{"text":"Korea,","start":5409.63,"end":5410.03},{"text":"but","start":5410.03,"end":5410.15},{"text":"let","start":5410.15,"end":5410.27},{"text":"me","start":5410.27,"end":5410.43},{"text":"first","start":5410.43,"end":5410.67},{"text":"pass","start":5410.67,"end":5410.95},{"text":"the","start":5410.95,"end":5411.03},{"text":"floor","start":5411.03,"end":5411.23},{"text":"to","start":5411.23,"end":5411.31},{"text":"the","start":5411.31,"end":5411.39},{"text":"distinguished","start":5411.39,"end":5412.11},{"text":"representative","start":5412.35,"end":5413.15},{"text":"of","start":5413.15,"end":5413.39},{"text":"China.","start":5416.39,"end":5416.91}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":null,"group":null,"function":"Chair","affiliation_full":null}},{"statement_number":38,"start":5417.39,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1t/k1t48lttgq?t=1:30:18","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Mr. Chairperson, China would like to join other delegates to thank you and your team for your hard work and for the updated rolling text.","start":5417.39,"end":5429.23,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":5417.39,"end":5417.71},{"text":"Chairperson,","start":5417.71,"end":5418.35},{"text":"China","start":5420.27,"end":5420.67},{"text":"would","start":5420.67,"end":5420.87},{"text":"like","start":5420.87,"end":5421.07},{"text":"to","start":5421.07,"end":5421.19},{"text":"join","start":5421.23,"end":5421.55},{"text":"other","start":5421.55,"end":5421.79},{"text":"delegates","start":5421.79,"end":5422.43},{"text":"to","start":5422.51,"end":5422.71},{"text":"thank","start":5422.83,"end":5423.15},{"text":"you","start":5423.15,"end":5423.39},{"text":"and","start":5423.39,"end":5423.63},{"text":"your","start":5423.63,"end":5423.95},{"text":"team","start":5423.95,"end":5424.27},{"text":"for","start":5424.27,"end":5424.43},{"text":"your","start":5424.43,"end":5424.59},{"text":"hard","start":5424.59,"end":5424.83},{"text":"work","start":5424.83,"end":5425.23},{"text":"and","start":5426.11,"end":5426.43},{"text":"for","start":5426.51,"end":5426.83},{"text":"the","start":5426.91,"end":5426.99},{"text":"updated","start":5427.15,"end":5427.95},{"text":"rolling","start":5428.35,"end":5428.75},{"text":"text.","start":5428.75,"end":5429.23}]},{"text":"China stands ready to work with all parties to seek more convergence and consensus.","start":5430.19,"end":5437.15,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"China","start":5430.19,"end":5430.75},{"text":"stands","start":5431.71,"end":5432.03},{"text":"ready","start":5432.03,"end":5432.31},{"text":"to","start":5432.31,"end":5432.39},{"text":"work","start":5432.39,"end":5432.67},{"text":"with","start":5432.67,"end":5432.91},{"text":"all","start":5432.91,"end":5433.07},{"text":"parties","start":5433.07,"end":5433.63},{"text":"to","start":5434.67,"end":5434.83},{"text":"seek","start":5434.99,"end":5435.31},{"text":"more","start":5435.31,"end":5435.55},{"text":"convergence","start":5435.55,"end":5436.35},{"text":"and","start":5436.35,"end":5436.51},{"text":"consensus.","start":5436.51,"end":5437.15}]},{"text":"Specifically, regarding paragraph one, the working characterization of the laws, China believes that the laws should include all functions, all three functions of identify, select and engage.","start":5438.19,"end":5456.43,"topics":[{"key":"critical-functions","label":"Critical Functions: Identify, Select and Engage","description":"Many statements focused on which functions should define autonomy in weapons systems, especially whether \"identify\" should be retained alongside \"select\" and \"engage.\" Delegations disagreed over a cumulative approach versus a broader formulation and used operational examples to clarify the implications."}],"words":[{"text":"Specifically,","start":5438.19,"end":5439.15},{"text":"regarding","start":5439.71,"end":5440.43},{"text":"paragraph","start":5440.43,"end":5440.91},{"text":"one,","start":5440.91,"end":5441.31},{"text":"the","start":5442.03,"end":5442.23},{"text":"working","start":5442.59,"end":5443.23},{"text":"characterization","start":5443.23,"end":5444.19},{"text":"of","start":5444.19,"end":5444.35},{"text":"the","start":5444.35,"end":5444.43},{"text":"laws,","start":5444.43,"end":5444.91},{"text":"China","start":5445.71,"end":5446.27},{"text":"believes","start":5446.27,"end":5446.83},{"text":"that","start":5446.83,"end":5447.23},{"text":"the","start":5447.87,"end":5447.99},{"text":"laws","start":5448.67,"end":5449.31},{"text":"should","start":5449.55,"end":5450.19},{"text":"include","start":5451.55,"end":5452.19},{"text":"all","start":5452.27,"end":5452.59},{"text":"functions,","start":5452.59,"end":5453.31},{"text":"all","start":5453.47,"end":5453.63},{"text":"three","start":5453.63,"end":5453.83},{"text":"functions","start":5453.83,"end":5454.31},{"text":"of","start":5454.31,"end":5454.51},{"text":"identify,","start":5454.51,"end":5455.15},{"text":"select","start":5455.15,"end":5455.67},{"text":"and","start":5455.67,"end":5455.83},{"text":"engage.","start":5455.83,"end":5456.43}]},{"text":"Therefore, we suggest deleting the word \"or\".","start":5457.55,"end":5460.75,"topics":[{"key":"critical-functions","label":"Critical Functions: Identify, Select and Engage","description":"Many statements focused on which functions should define autonomy in weapons systems, especially whether \"identify\" should be retained alongside \"select\" and \"engage.\" Delegations disagreed over a cumulative approach versus a broader formulation and used operational examples to clarify the implications."}],"words":[{"text":"Therefore,","start":5457.55,"end":5458.19},{"text":"we","start":5458.19,"end":5458.51},{"text":"suggest","start":5458.51,"end":5459.27},{"text":"deleting","start":5459.27,"end":5459.79},{"text":"the","start":5459.79,"end":5459.95},{"text":"word","start":5459.95,"end":5460.35},{"text":"\"or\".","start":5460.43,"end":5460.75}]},{"text":"As for paragraph 2, we thank the Chairperson for adding a description on lethality.","start":5462.03,"end":5468.27,"topics":[{"key":"lethality-definition","label":"Definition of Lethality","description":"A central issue was whether and how to explain the term \"lethal\" in the draft text. Delegations discussed whether lethality should refer to capacity, capability, design, or intent, and whether it should cover killing, injury, and damage to objects."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":5462.03,"end":5462.19},{"text":"for","start":5462.19,"end":5462.47},{"text":"paragraph","start":5462.47,"end":5462.87},{"text":"2,","start":5462.87,"end":5463.23},{"text":"we","start":5464.11,"end":5464.27},{"text":"thank","start":5464.35,"end":5464.99},{"text":"the","start":5464.99,"end":5465.19},{"text":"Chairperson","start":5465.19,"end":5465.87},{"text":"for","start":5465.87,"end":5466.03},{"text":"adding","start":5466.03,"end":5466.43},{"text":"a","start":5466.67,"end":5466.71},{"text":"description","start":5466.71,"end":5467.47},{"text":"on","start":5467.47,"end":5467.55},{"text":"lethality.","start":5467.55,"end":5468.27}]},{"text":"China notes that currently the word \"capacity\" is used in the text.","start":5469.31,"end":5474.67,"topics":[{"key":"lethality-definition","label":"Definition of Lethality","description":"A central issue was whether and how to explain the term \"lethal\" in the draft text. Delegations discussed whether lethality should refer to capacity, capability, design, or intent, and whether it should cover killing, injury, and damage to objects."}],"words":[{"text":"China","start":5469.31,"end":5469.95},{"text":"notes","start":5470.19,"end":5470.75},{"text":"that","start":5470.75,"end":5471.07},{"text":"currently","start":5471.15,"end":5471.79},{"text":"the","start":5471.79,"end":5472.03},{"text":"word","start":5472.03,"end":5472.43},{"text":"\"capacity\"","start":5472.51,"end":5473.23},{"text":"is","start":5473.23,"end":5473.39},{"text":"used","start":5473.39,"end":5473.87},{"text":"in","start":5473.87,"end":5474.03},{"text":"the","start":5474.03,"end":5474.15},{"text":"text.","start":5474.15,"end":5474.67}]},{"text":"China agrees with Singapore and other delegates that the term \"capacity\" may lead to an overbroad scope.","start":5475.51,"end":5484.63,"topics":[{"key":"lethality-definition","label":"Definition of Lethality","description":"A central issue was whether and how to explain the term \"lethal\" in the draft text. Delegations discussed whether lethality should refer to capacity, capability, design, or intent, and whether it should cover killing, injury, and damage to objects."},{"key":"laws-scope","label":"Scope of the LAWS Characterization","description":"Delegations debated how broadly lethal autonomous weapons systems should be characterized, including whether the text should remain a broad working characterization or be narrowed through exclusions. Speakers also discussed how to anchor the characterization within the scope, objectives, or application of the CCW."}],"words":[{"text":"China","start":5475.51,"end":5476.15},{"text":"agrees","start":5476.55,"end":5477.03},{"text":"with","start":5477.03,"end":5477.27},{"text":"Singapore","start":5477.27,"end":5478.03},{"text":"and","start":5478.03,"end":5478.23},{"text":"other","start":5478.23,"end":5478.51},{"text":"delegates","start":5478.51,"end":5479.11},{"text":"that","start":5479.67,"end":5480.23},{"text":"the","start":5480.23,"end":5480.43},{"text":"term","start":5480.47,"end":5480.95},{"text":"\"capacity\"","start":5480.95,"end":5481.75},{"text":"may","start":5481.75,"end":5482.15},{"text":"lead","start":5482.15,"end":5482.31},{"text":"to","start":5482.31,"end":5482.79},{"text":"an","start":5482.79,"end":5482.87},{"text":"overbroad","start":5483.27,"end":5484.07},{"text":"scope.","start":5484.07,"end":5484.63}]},{"text":"Therefore, China suggests changing it into \"design tool.\"","start":5485.35,"end":5490.15,"topics":[{"key":"laws-scope","label":"Scope of the LAWS Characterization","description":"Delegations debated how broadly lethal autonomous weapons systems should be characterized, including whether the text should remain a broad working characterization or be narrowed through exclusions. Speakers also discussed how to anchor the characterization within the scope, objectives, or application of the CCW."}],"words":[{"text":"Therefore,","start":5485.35,"end":5485.99},{"text":"China","start":5485.99,"end":5486.71},{"text":"suggests","start":5486.71,"end":5487.43},{"text":"changing","start":5487.91,"end":5488.43},{"text":"it","start":5488.43,"end":5488.63},{"text":"into","start":5488.63,"end":5489.03},{"text":"\"design","start":5489.35,"end":5489.75},{"text":"tool.\"","start":5489.75,"end":5490.15}]},{"text":"As for paragraph 3, in the first round of discussion, China suggested including an exclusion clause and an open list of exclusion.","start":5491.35,"end":5504.95,"topics":[{"key":"laws-scope","label":"Scope of the LAWS Characterization","description":"Delegations debated how broadly lethal autonomous weapons systems should be characterized, including whether the text should remain a broad working characterization or be narrowed through exclusions. Speakers also discussed how to anchor the characterization within the scope, objectives, or application of the CCW."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":5491.35,"end":5491.59},{"text":"for","start":5491.59,"end":5491.91},{"text":"paragraph","start":5491.91,"end":5492.47},{"text":"3,","start":5492.47,"end":5492.87},{"text":"in","start":5493.83,"end":5494.15},{"text":"the","start":5494.15,"end":5494.31},{"text":"first","start":5494.39,"end":5494.71},{"text":"round","start":5494.71,"end":5495.07},{"text":"of","start":5495.07,"end":5495.15},{"text":"discussion,","start":5495.15,"end":5495.83},{"text":"China","start":5496.39,"end":5496.79},{"text":"suggested","start":5496.79,"end":5497.59},{"text":"including","start":5498.31,"end":5499.19},{"text":"an","start":5501.19,"end":5501.27},{"text":"exclusion","start":5501.43,"end":5502.31},{"text":"clause","start":5502.31,"end":5502.87},{"text":"and","start":5502.87,"end":5503.27},{"text":"an","start":5503.27,"end":5503.35},{"text":"open","start":5503.35,"end":5503.75},{"text":"list","start":5503.75,"end":5504.11},{"text":"of","start":5504.11,"end":5504.23},{"text":"exclusion.","start":5504.23,"end":5504.95}]},{"text":"to make clear which systems do not belong to laws.","start":5505.91,"end":5509.83,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"to","start":5505.91,"end":5506.55},{"text":"make","start":5506.79,"end":5507.15},{"text":"clear","start":5507.15,"end":5507.51},{"text":"which","start":5507.51,"end":5507.91},{"text":"systems","start":5507.91,"end":5508.51},{"text":"do","start":5508.51,"end":5508.63},{"text":"not","start":5508.63,"end":5508.87},{"text":"belong","start":5508.87,"end":5509.15},{"text":"to","start":5509.15,"end":5509.39},{"text":"laws.","start":5509.39,"end":5509.83}]},{"text":"China still believes this is a valid approach and we would like to have further discussion on this issue.","start":5511.03,"end":5517.35,"topics":[{"key":"laws-scope","label":"Scope of the LAWS Characterization","description":"Delegations debated how broadly lethal autonomous weapons systems should be characterized, including whether the text should remain a broad working characterization or be narrowed through exclusions. Speakers also discussed how to anchor the characterization within the scope, objectives, or application of the 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Chairperson.","start":5518.15,"end":5519.35,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":5518.15,"end":5518.35},{"text":"you,","start":5518.35,"end":5518.43},{"text":"Mr.","start":5518.43,"end":5518.71},{"text":"Chairperson.","start":5518.71,"end":5519.35}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"CHN","group":null,"function":null,"affiliation_full":"China"}},{"statement_number":39,"start":5521.27,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1t/k1t48lttgq?t=1:32:02","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Let me thank the distinguished representative of China for commenting on the text proposed and for offering alternative 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the Republic of Korea.","start":5529.59,"end":5533.43,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next","start":5529.59,"end":5529.99},{"text":"on","start":5530.03,"end":5530.11},{"text":"my","start":5530.11,"end":5530.39},{"text":"list","start":5530.55,"end":5530.87},{"text":"is","start":5531.03,"end":5531.43},{"text":"the","start":5532.27,"end":5532.35},{"text":"Republic","start":5532.35,"end":5532.83},{"text":"of","start":5532.83,"end":5532.95},{"text":"Korea.","start":5532.95,"end":5533.43}]},{"text":"You have the floor.","start":5534.15,"end":5534.95,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"You","start":5534.15,"end":5534.27},{"text":"have","start":5534.31,"end":5534.51},{"text":"the","start":5534.51,"end":5534.59},{"text":"floor.","start":5534.63,"end":5534.95}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":null,"group":null,"function":"Chair","affiliation_full":null}},{"statement_number":40,"start":5536.71,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1t/k1t48lttgq?t=1:32:17","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Mr. Chair.","start":5536.71,"end":5537.67,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":5536.71,"end":5536.91},{"text":"you,","start":5536.91,"end":5536.99},{"text":"Mr.","start":5536.99,"end":5537.27},{"text":"Chair.","start":5537.27,"end":5537.67}]},{"text":"My delegation joins others in expressing our appreciation for your leadership and the hard work of your team in guiding the group's 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some delegations suggest that the working characterization should be as broad as possible, given that we are not discussing prohibition or regulation.","start":5546.55,"end":5554.39,"topics":[{"key":"laws-scope","label":"Scope of the LAWS Characterization","description":"Delegations debated how broadly lethal autonomous weapons systems should be characterized, including whether the text should remain a broad working characterization or be narrowed through exclusions. 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Delegations discussed whether lethality should refer to capacity, capability, design, or intent, and whether it should cover killing, injury, and damage to objects."}],"words":[{"text":"That","start":5638.55,"end":5638.79},{"text":"is","start":5638.79,"end":5639.03},{"text":"why","start":5639.03,"end":5639.35},{"text":"we","start":5639.35,"end":5639.59},{"text":"have","start":5639.59,"end":5639.83},{"text":"lethal","start":5639.83,"end":5640.31},{"text":"in","start":5640.31,"end":5640.55},{"text":"our","start":5640.55,"end":5640.63},{"text":"mandate","start":5640.63,"end":5641.11},{"text":"in","start":5641.11,"end":5641.19},{"text":"the","start":5641.19,"end":5641.31},{"text":"first","start":5641.31,"end":5641.59},{"text":"place.","start":5641.59,"end":5641.99}]},{"text":"Therefore, we cannot simply retain the word while defining it in a way that contradicts its actual meaning.","start":5642.79,"end":5649.03,"topics":[{"key":"lethality-definition","label":"Definition of Lethality","description":"A central issue was whether and how to explain the term \"lethal\" in the draft text. 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counterproductive.","start":5649.43,"end":5654.59,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This,","start":5649.43,"end":5649.67},{"text":"again,","start":5649.67,"end":5649.99},{"text":"does","start":5649.99,"end":5650.15},{"text":"not","start":5650.15,"end":5650.31},{"text":"really","start":5650.31,"end":5650.63},{"text":"contribute","start":5650.63,"end":5651.15},{"text":"to","start":5651.15,"end":5651.23},{"text":"the","start":5651.23,"end":5651.35},{"text":"notion","start":5651.35,"end":5651.71},{"text":"of","start":5651.71,"end":5651.79},{"text":"working,","start":5651.79,"end":5652.31},{"text":"but","start":5652.71,"end":5652.87},{"text":"rather","start":5652.87,"end":5653.15},{"text":"it","start":5653.15,"end":5653.43},{"text":"is","start":5653.43,"end":5653.67},{"text":"counterproductive.","start":5653.67,"end":5654.59}]},{"text":"Thank 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to be followed by Luxembourg.","start":5664.75,"end":5668.23,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next","start":5664.75,"end":5665.03},{"text":"on","start":5665.03,"end":5665.11},{"text":"my","start":5665.11,"end":5665.27},{"text":"list","start":5665.27,"end":5665.63},{"text":"is","start":5665.67,"end":5666.15},{"text":"France,","start":5666.23,"end":5666.71},{"text":"to","start":5666.71,"end":5666.79},{"text":"be","start":5666.79,"end":5666.95},{"text":"followed","start":5666.95,"end":5667.35},{"text":"by","start":5667.35,"end":5667.51},{"text":"Luxembourg.","start":5667.59,"end":5668.23}]},{"text":"Let me first pass the floor to the distinguished representative of France madam you have the floor.","start":5668.23,"end":5673.47,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Let","start":5668.23,"end":5668.43},{"text":"me","start":5668.43,"end":5668.63},{"text":"first","start":5669.27,"end":5669.43},{"text":"pass","start":5669.75,"end":5669.95},{"text":"the","start":5669.95,"end":5670.03},{"text":"floor","start":5670.03,"end":5670.35},{"text":"to","start":5670.35,"end":5670.47},{"text":"the","start":5670.51,"end":5670.59},{"text":"distinguished","start":5670.59,"end":5671.15},{"text":"representative","start":5671.15,"end":5671.87},{"text":"of","start":5672.11,"end":5672.23},{"text":"France","start":5672.23,"end":5672.67},{"text":"madam","start":5672.67,"end":5672.91},{"text":"you","start":5672.91,"end":5672.99},{"text":"have","start":5672.99,"end":5673.11},{"text":"the","start":5673.11,"end":5673.19},{"text":"floor.","start":5673.19,"end":5673.47}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":null,"group":null,"function":"Chair","affiliation_full":null}},{"statement_number":42,"start":5678.27,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1t/k1t48lttgq?t=1:34:39","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you chairman first I want to thank you for your efforts and that of those of your team to move the text forward on the new Patta 2 we could support the substance but We continue to believe that it's not up to us to define the word lethal or the notion of lethality, but rather to clarify the characteristics of lethal autonomous weapon systems.","start":5678.27,"end":5711.83,"topics":[{"key":"lethality-definition","label":"Definition of Lethality","description":"A central issue was whether and how to explain the term \"lethal\" in the draft text. 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Delegations discussed whether lethality should refer to capacity, capability, design, or intent, and whether it should cover killing, injury, and damage to objects."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":5713.03,"end":5713.27},{"text":"remain","start":5713.27,"end":5713.51},{"text":"flexible","start":5713.51,"end":5714.39},{"text":"in","start":5714.71,"end":5715.19},{"text":"terms","start":5715.27,"end":5715.59},{"text":"of","start":5715.59,"end":5715.67},{"text":"how","start":5715.67,"end":5715.83},{"text":"we","start":5715.83,"end":5715.91},{"text":"can","start":5715.91,"end":5716.07},{"text":"do","start":5716.07,"end":5716.31},{"text":"that","start":5716.31,"end":5716.71},{"text":"without","start":5717.99,"end":5718.47},{"text":"modifying","start":5718.47,"end":5719.11},{"text":"the","start":5719.11,"end":5719.19},{"text":"first","start":5719.19,"end":5719.51},{"text":"part","start":5719.51,"end":5719.71},{"text":"of","start":5719.71,"end":5719.79},{"text":"the","start":5719.79,"end":5719.91},{"text":"sentence,","start":5719.91,"end":5720.63},{"text":"lethal","start":5720.63,"end":5721.19},{"text":"means","start":5721.19,"end":5721.59},{"text":"weapons.","start":5721.59,"end":5722.23}]},{"text":"And other delegations have said before me, we also see a grammatical problem with that expression.","start":5723.39,"end":5729.83,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":5723.39,"end":5723.67},{"text":"other","start":5723.67,"end":5724.31},{"text":"delegations","start":5724.31,"end":5725.03},{"text":"have","start":5725.03,"end":5725.15},{"text":"said","start":5725.15,"end":5725.27},{"text":"before","start":5725.27,"end":5725.55},{"text":"me,","start":5725.55,"end":5725.83},{"text":"we","start":5725.99,"end":5726.15},{"text":"also","start":5726.15,"end":5726.59},{"text":"see","start":5726.59,"end":5726.87},{"text":"a","start":5726.87,"end":5727.11},{"text":"grammatical","start":5727.11,"end":5727.83},{"text":"problem","start":5727.83,"end":5728.47},{"text":"with","start":5728.87,"end":5729.07},{"text":"that","start":5729.07,"end":5729.23},{"text":"expression.","start":5729.23,"end":5729.83}]},{"text":"Or by deleting it and merging the rest of the sentence into para 1, then it would read...","start":5731.59,"end":5742.07,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Or","start":5731.59,"end":5732.11},{"text":"by","start":5732.11,"end":5732.47},{"text":"deleting","start":5732.47,"end":5733.03},{"text":"it","start":5733.03,"end":5733.27},{"text":"and","start":5733.99,"end":5734.31},{"text":"merging","start":5734.31,"end":5734.75},{"text":"the","start":5734.75,"end":5734.83},{"text":"rest","start":5734.83,"end":5735.43},{"text":"of","start":5735.43,"end":5735.59},{"text":"the","start":5735.59,"end":5735.71},{"text":"sentence","start":5735.71,"end":5736.47},{"text":"into","start":5736.95,"end":5737.19},{"text":"para","start":5737.19,"end":5737.51},{"text":"1,","start":5737.51,"end":5738.15},{"text":"then","start":5741.11,"end":5741.35},{"text":"it","start":5741.35,"end":5741.43},{"text":"would","start":5741.43,"end":5741.59},{"text":"read...","start":5741.59,"end":5742.07}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"\"After in the execution of these.","start":5742.63,"end":5745.19,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"\"After","start":5742.63,"end":5742.99},{"text":"in","start":5743.51,"end":5743.67},{"text":"the","start":5743.67,"end":5743.79},{"text":"execution","start":5743.83,"end":5744.43},{"text":"of","start":5744.43,"end":5744.55},{"text":"these.","start":5744.71,"end":5745.19}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"Tasks...\"","start":5745.91,"end":5747.67,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Tasks...\"","start":5745.91,"end":5747.67}]},{"text":"We'd add a comma.","start":5749.67,"end":5750.55,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We'd","start":5749.67,"end":5749.99},{"text":"add","start":5749.99,"end":5750.07},{"text":"a","start":5750.07,"end":5750.11},{"text":"comma.","start":5750.11,"end":5750.55}]},{"text":"followed by...","start":5752.15,"end":5753.31,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"followed","start":5752.15,"end":5752.75},{"text":"by...","start":5752.75,"end":5753.31}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"...With the capacity to kill.","start":5754.03,"end":5755.87,"topics":[{"key":"lethality-definition","label":"Definition of Lethality","description":"A central issue was whether and how to explain the term \"lethal\" in the draft text. Delegations discussed whether lethality should refer to capacity, capability, design, or intent, and whether it should cover killing, injury, and damage to objects."}],"words":[{"text":"...With","start":5754.03,"end":5754.39},{"text":"the","start":5754.39,"end":5754.51},{"text":"capacity","start":5754.51,"end":5755.23},{"text":"to","start":5755.23,"end":5755.39},{"text":"kill.","start":5755.39,"end":5755.87}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"Or injure one or more persons, which includes weapons that can be used to damage or destroy objects.","start":5755.87,"end":5761.63,"topics":[{"key":"lethality-definition","label":"Definition of Lethality","description":"A central issue was whether and how to explain the term \"lethal\" in the draft text. Delegations discussed whether lethality should refer to capacity, capability, design, or intent, and whether it should cover killing, injury, and damage to objects."},{"key":"ihl-compliance","label":"International Humanitarian Law and Responsibility","description":"Delegations repeatedly linked the characterization of autonomous weapons to existing international humanitarian law, including protection of civilians, injury, attacks on objects, and accountability for use. Several speakers emphasized that human involvement and system design must preserve legal responsibility under IHL."}],"words":[{"text":"Or","start":5755.87,"end":5756.11},{"text":"injure","start":5756.11,"end":5756.59},{"text":"one","start":5756.59,"end":5756.83},{"text":"or","start":5756.83,"end":5756.91},{"text":"more","start":5756.91,"end":5757.07},{"text":"persons,","start":5757.07,"end":5757.75},{"text":"which","start":5758.07,"end":5758.35},{"text":"includes","start":5758.35,"end":5758.91},{"text":"weapons","start":5758.91,"end":5759.31},{"text":"that","start":5759.31,"end":5759.47},{"text":"can","start":5759.47,"end":5759.63},{"text":"be","start":5759.63,"end":5759.71},{"text":"used","start":5759.71,"end":5759.99},{"text":"to","start":5759.99,"end":5760.07},{"text":"damage","start":5760.07,"end":5760.51},{"text":"or","start":5760.51,"end":5760.63},{"text":"destroy","start":5760.63,"end":5761.07},{"text":"objects.","start":5761.07,"end":5761.63}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"Finally, our delegation would like to reiterate two points which are still lacking in the definition.","start":5766.43,"end":5773.39,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Finally,","start":5766.43,"end":5767.23},{"text":"our","start":5767.23,"end":5767.47},{"text":"delegation","start":5767.47,"end":5768.27},{"text":"would","start":5768.27,"end":5768.43},{"text":"like","start":5768.43,"end":5768.71},{"text":"to","start":5768.71,"end":5768.87},{"text":"reiterate","start":5768.87,"end":5769.27},{"text":"two","start":5769.27,"end":5769.47},{"text":"points","start":5769.47,"end":5769.87},{"text":"which","start":5770.63,"end":5770.83},{"text":"are","start":5770.83,"end":5770.91},{"text":"still","start":5770.91,"end":5771.35},{"text":"lacking","start":5771.35,"end":5772.11},{"text":"in","start":5772.19,"end":5772.51},{"text":"the","start":5772.51,"end":5772.67},{"text":"definition.","start":5772.67,"end":5773.39}]},{"text":"We still think that the definition must refer to the notion of activation.","start":5775.79,"end":5780.91,"topics":[{"key":"human-control","label":"Human Control and Temporal Aspects","description":"Speakers examined how to reflect human involvement in the operation of autonomous weapons, including references to human users, operators, control, and intervention. 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Several delegations also stressed the importance of timing, proposing language such as \"once activated\" or \"without further intervention\" to capture the temporal dimension of autonomy."}],"words":[{"text":"and","start":5781.83,"end":5782.19},{"text":"to","start":5782.19,"end":5782.31},{"text":"defining","start":5782.31,"end":5783.27},{"text":"the","start":5783.27,"end":5783.59},{"text":"framework","start":5783.91,"end":5784.75},{"text":"of","start":5784.75,"end":5785.03},{"text":"use","start":5785.03,"end":5785.83},{"text":"prior","start":5786.55,"end":5787.03},{"text":"to","start":5787.03,"end":5787.19},{"text":"the","start":5787.19,"end":5787.39},{"text":"autonomy","start":5787.43,"end":5788.15},{"text":"stage.","start":5788.15,"end":5788.71}]},{"text":"In that respect, we support adding the expression \"once activated\", as suggested by Germany.","start":5789.83,"end":5797.43,"topics":[{"key":"human-control","label":"Human Control and Temporal Aspects","description":"Speakers examined how to reflect human involvement in the operation of autonomous weapons, including references to human users, operators, control, and intervention. Several delegations also stressed the importance of timing, proposing language such as \"once activated\" or \"without further intervention\" to capture the temporal dimension of autonomy."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":5789.83,"end":5789.95},{"text":"that","start":5789.95,"end":5790.23},{"text":"respect,","start":5790.23,"end":5790.87},{"text":"we","start":5790.87,"end":5791.11},{"text":"support","start":5791.11,"end":5791.59},{"text":"adding","start":5791.75,"end":5792.15},{"text":"the","start":5792.15,"end":5792.27},{"text":"expression","start":5792.27,"end":5792.95},{"text":"\"once","start":5792.95,"end":5793.51},{"text":"activated\",","start":5793.51,"end":5794.47},{"text":"as","start":5795.51,"end":5795.83},{"text":"suggested","start":5795.83,"end":5796.55},{"text":"by","start":5796.55,"end":5796.79},{"text":"Germany.","start":5796.79,"end":5797.43}]},{"text":"That would allow us to identify the moment when the human determines the framework of utilisation.","start":5798.71,"end":5808.55,"topics":[{"key":"human-control","label":"Human Control and Temporal Aspects","description":"Speakers examined how to reflect human involvement in the operation of autonomous weapons, including references to human users, operators, control, and intervention. Several delegations also stressed the importance of timing, proposing language such as \"once activated\" or \"without further intervention\" to capture the temporal dimension of autonomy."}],"words":[{"text":"That","start":5798.71,"end":5799.11},{"text":"would","start":5799.11,"end":5799.35},{"text":"allow","start":5799.35,"end":5799.75},{"text":"us","start":5799.75,"end":5800.07},{"text":"to","start":5800.07,"end":5800.55},{"text":"identify","start":5800.79,"end":5801.51},{"text":"the","start":5801.67,"end":5801.99},{"text":"moment","start":5801.99,"end":5802.83},{"text":"when","start":5803.87,"end":5804.15},{"text":"the","start":5804.15,"end":5804.27},{"text":"human","start":5804.27,"end":5804.95},{"text":"determines","start":5805.51,"end":5806.47},{"text":"the","start":5806.55,"end":5806.91},{"text":"framework","start":5807.03,"end":5807.67},{"text":"of","start":5807.67,"end":5807.79},{"text":"utilisation.","start":5807.79,"end":5808.55}]},{"text":"We'd also add the expression \"further\" because without that term, the definition would only apply to completely autonomous systems.","start":5810.19,"end":5822.27,"topics":[{"key":"human-control","label":"Human Control and Temporal Aspects","description":"Speakers examined how to reflect human involvement in the operation of autonomous weapons, including references to human users, operators, control, and intervention. Several delegations also stressed the importance of timing, proposing language such as \"once activated\" or \"without further intervention\" to capture the temporal dimension of autonomy."}],"words":[{"text":"We'd","start":5810.19,"end":5810.47},{"text":"also","start":5810.47,"end":5810.67},{"text":"add","start":5810.67,"end":5810.99},{"text":"the","start":5810.99,"end":5811.11},{"text":"expression","start":5811.11,"end":5811.95},{"text":"\"further\"","start":5812.19,"end":5812.99},{"text":"because","start":5814.19,"end":5814.51},{"text":"without","start":5814.51,"end":5814.91},{"text":"that","start":5814.91,"end":5815.19},{"text":"term,","start":5815.19,"end":5815.63},{"text":"the","start":5816.67,"end":5816.91},{"text":"definition","start":5817.07,"end":5818.19},{"text":"would","start":5818.51,"end":5818.75},{"text":"only","start":5818.75,"end":5819.39},{"text":"apply","start":5819.39,"end":5820.03},{"text":"to","start":5820.03,"end":5820.27},{"text":"completely","start":5820.27,"end":5820.95},{"text":"autonomous","start":5820.95,"end":5821.59},{"text":"systems.","start":5821.59,"end":5822.27}]},{"text":"Alternatively, we'd like to maintain the expression \"in the execution of these tasks\".","start":5823.39,"end":5832.11,"topics":[{"key":"human-control","label":"Human Control and Temporal Aspects","description":"Speakers examined how to reflect human involvement in the operation of autonomous weapons, including references to human users, operators, control, and intervention. Several delegations also stressed the importance of timing, proposing language such as \"once activated\" or \"without further intervention\" to capture the temporal dimension of autonomy."}],"words":[{"text":"Alternatively,","start":5823.39,"end":5824.51},{"text":"we'd","start":5825.95,"end":5826.35},{"text":"like","start":5826.35,"end":5826.47},{"text":"to","start":5826.47,"end":5826.99},{"text":"maintain","start":5827.23,"end":5827.91},{"text":"the","start":5827.91,"end":5827.99},{"text":"expression","start":5827.99,"end":5828.83},{"text":"\"in","start":5830.43,"end":5830.75},{"text":"the","start":5830.75,"end":5830.87},{"text":"execution","start":5830.87,"end":5831.35},{"text":"of","start":5831.35,"end":5831.43},{"text":"these","start":5831.43,"end":5831.59},{"text":"tasks\".","start":5831.59,"end":5832.11}]},{"text":"which allows us to delimit autonomy of execution of tasks, which presupposes an activation or prior programming.","start":5833.67,"end":5843.51,"topics":[{"key":"human-control","label":"Human Control and Temporal Aspects","description":"Speakers examined how to reflect human involvement in the operation of autonomous weapons, including references to human users, operators, control, and intervention. Several delegations also stressed the importance of timing, proposing language such as \"once activated\" or \"without further intervention\" to capture the temporal dimension of autonomy."}],"words":[{"text":"which","start":5833.67,"end":5834.23},{"text":"allows","start":5834.31,"end":5834.91},{"text":"us","start":5834.91,"end":5835.03},{"text":"to","start":5835.03,"end":5835.19},{"text":"delimit","start":5835.19,"end":5836.07},{"text":"autonomy","start":5836.23,"end":5837.19},{"text":"of","start":5837.27,"end":5837.51},{"text":"execution","start":5837.75,"end":5838.47},{"text":"of","start":5838.47,"end":5838.63},{"text":"tasks,","start":5838.63,"end":5839.35},{"text":"which","start":5839.51,"end":5839.83},{"text":"presupposes","start":5839.83,"end":5840.87},{"text":"an","start":5840.95,"end":5841.11},{"text":"activation","start":5841.11,"end":5842.07},{"text":"or","start":5842.23,"end":5842.39},{"text":"prior","start":5842.39,"end":5842.79},{"text":"programming.","start":5842.79,"end":5843.51}]},{"text":"Finally, we continue to support the expression \"without further human intervention within the chain of command and control\", specifically to avoid excessively expanding the scope or limiting it to the military and operational spheres.","start":5845.59,"end":5866.35,"topics":[{"key":"human-control","label":"Human Control and Temporal Aspects","description":"Speakers examined how to reflect human involvement in the operation of autonomous weapons, including references to human users, operators, control, and intervention. Several delegations also stressed the importance of timing, proposing language such as \"once activated\" or \"without further intervention\" to capture the temporal dimension of autonomy."},{"key":"laws-scope","label":"Scope of the LAWS Characterization","description":"Delegations debated how broadly lethal autonomous weapons systems should be characterized, including whether the text should remain a broad working characterization or be narrowed through exclusions. Speakers also discussed how to anchor the characterization within the scope, objectives, or application of the CCW."}],"words":[{"text":"Finally,","start":5845.59,"end":5846.39},{"text":"we","start":5846.39,"end":5846.87},{"text":"continue","start":5846.87,"end":5847.39},{"text":"to","start":5847.39,"end":5847.47},{"text":"support","start":5847.51,"end":5848.03},{"text":"the","start":5848.03,"end":5848.11},{"text":"expression","start":5848.11,"end":5848.87},{"text":"\"without","start":5850.63,"end":5851.11},{"text":"further","start":5851.11,"end":5851.35},{"text":"human","start":5851.35,"end":5851.75},{"text":"intervention","start":5851.75,"end":5852.39},{"text":"within","start":5852.39,"end":5852.71},{"text":"the","start":5852.71,"end":5852.79},{"text":"chain","start":5852.87,"end":5853.15},{"text":"of","start":5853.15,"end":5853.23},{"text":"command","start":5853.23,"end":5853.59},{"text":"and","start":5853.59,"end":5853.71},{"text":"control\",","start":5853.71,"end":5854.31},{"text":"specifically","start":5856.15,"end":5857.11},{"text":"to","start":5857.11,"end":5857.23},{"text":"avoid","start":5857.23,"end":5858.39},{"text":"excessively","start":5858.95,"end":5860.15},{"text":"expanding","start":5860.31,"end":5861.03},{"text":"the","start":5861.03,"end":5861.11},{"text":"scope","start":5861.11,"end":5861.59},{"text":"or","start":5861.59,"end":5861.99},{"text":"limiting","start":5862.07,"end":5862.63},{"text":"it","start":5862.63,"end":5862.87},{"text":"to","start":5862.87,"end":5862.95},{"text":"the","start":5862.95,"end":5863.07},{"text":"military","start":5864.03,"end":5864.55},{"text":"and","start":5864.55,"end":5864.71},{"text":"operational","start":5864.71,"end":5865.47},{"text":"spheres.","start":5865.71,"end":5866.35}]},{"text":"Thank you.","start":5867.79,"end":5868.19,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":5867.79,"end":5868.11},{"text":"you.","start":5868.11,"end":5868.19}]},{"text":"Let.","start":5868.19,"end":5868.31,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Let.","start":5868.19,"end":5868.31}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"FRA","group":null,"function":null,"affiliation_full":"France"}},{"statement_number":43,"start":5880.34,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1t/k1t48lttgq?t=1:38:01","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Me thank the distinguished representative of France for commenting on the text and making proposals.","start":5880.34,"end":5885.82,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Me","start":5880.34,"end":5880.54},{"text":"thank","start":5880.54,"end":5880.78},{"text":"the","start":5880.78,"end":5880.86},{"text":"distinguished","start":5880.86,"end":5881.34},{"text":"representative","start":5881.34,"end":5881.98},{"text":"of","start":5881.98,"end":5882.06},{"text":"France","start":5882.06,"end":5882.62},{"text":"for","start":5883.02,"end":5883.34},{"text":"commenting","start":5883.34,"end":5883.9},{"text":"on","start":5883.9,"end":5884.38},{"text":"the","start":5884.38,"end":5884.46},{"text":"text","start":5884.46,"end":5884.74},{"text":"and","start":5884.74,"end":5884.86},{"text":"making","start":5884.86,"end":5885.1},{"text":"proposals.","start":5885.1,"end":5885.82}]},{"text":"Next on my list is Luxembourg.","start":5885.82,"end":5887.9,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next","start":5885.82,"end":5886.1},{"text":"on","start":5886.1,"end":5886.18},{"text":"my","start":5886.18,"end":5886.3},{"text":"list","start":5886.34,"end":5886.7},{"text":"is","start":5886.7,"end":5887.1},{"text":"Luxembourg.","start":5887.18,"end":5887.9}]},{"text":"Let me now pass the floor to the distinguished representative of Luxembourg.","start":5887.9,"end":5891.18,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Let","start":5887.9,"end":5888.14},{"text":"me","start":5888.14,"end":5888.26},{"text":"now","start":5888.26,"end":5888.46},{"text":"pass","start":5888.46,"end":5888.78},{"text":"the","start":5888.78,"end":5888.86},{"text":"floor","start":5888.86,"end":5889.1},{"text":"to","start":5889.1,"end":5889.22},{"text":"the","start":5889.26,"end":5889.34},{"text":"distinguished","start":5889.34,"end":5889.82},{"text":"representative","start":5889.82,"end":5890.46},{"text":"of","start":5890.46,"end":5890.54},{"text":"Luxembourg.","start":5890.54,"end":5891.18}]},{"text":"You have the floor.","start":5891.18,"end":5891.9,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"You","start":5891.18,"end":5891.26},{"text":"have","start":5891.26,"end":5891.5},{"text":"the","start":5891.5,"end":5891.58},{"text":"floor.","start":5891.58,"end":5891.9}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":null,"group":null,"function":"Chair","affiliation_full":null}},{"statement_number":44,"start":5894.06,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1t/k1t48lttgq?t=1:38:15","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Chair, for giving us the floor.","start":5894.06,"end":5895.82,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":5894.06,"end":5894.34},{"text":"you,","start":5894.34,"end":5894.42},{"text":"Chair,","start":5894.46,"end":5894.74},{"text":"for","start":5894.78,"end":5894.94},{"text":"giving","start":5894.94,"end":5895.3},{"text":"us","start":5895.3,"end":5895.38},{"text":"the","start":5895.42,"end":5895.5},{"text":"floor.","start":5895.5,"end":5895.82}]},{"text":"We welcome your next text proposals and the step-by-step approach you are taking.","start":5896.38,"end":5900.94,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":5896.38,"end":5896.62},{"text":"welcome","start":5896.62,"end":5897.02},{"text":"your","start":5897.02,"end":5897.14},{"text":"next","start":5897.14,"end":5897.54},{"text":"text","start":5897.54,"end":5897.78},{"text":"proposals","start":5897.78,"end":5898.62},{"text":"and","start":5898.7,"end":5898.98},{"text":"the","start":5898.98,"end":5899.06},{"text":"step-by-step","start":5899.06,"end":5899.82},{"text":"approach","start":5899.82,"end":5900.3},{"text":"you","start":5900.3,"end":5900.38},{"text":"are","start":5900.38,"end":5900.46},{"text":"taking.","start":5900.46,"end":5900.94}]},{"text":"Regarding the first paragraph, we want to add a voice to the delegations that have proposed omitting the mention of, of identify, as in our understanding, identification is interesting, intersectly and inherently linked to the selection process.","start":5901.95,"end":5920.35,"topics":[{"key":"critical-functions","label":"Critical Functions: Identify, Select and Engage","description":"Many statements focused on which functions should define autonomy in weapons systems, especially whether \"identify\" should be retained alongside \"select\" and \"engage.\" Delegations disagreed over a cumulative approach versus a broader formulation and used operational examples to clarify the implications."}],"words":[{"text":"Regarding","start":5901.95,"end":5902.47},{"text":"the","start":5902.47,"end":5902.59},{"text":"first","start":5902.59,"end":5902.91},{"text":"paragraph,","start":5902.91,"end":5903.71},{"text":"we","start":5903.87,"end":5904.03},{"text":"want","start":5904.03,"end":5904.31},{"text":"to","start":5904.31,"end":5904.43},{"text":"add","start":5904.43,"end":5904.67},{"text":"a","start":5904.67,"end":5904.71},{"text":"voice","start":5904.71,"end":5905.23},{"text":"to","start":5905.47,"end":5905.63},{"text":"the","start":5905.63,"end":5905.79},{"text":"delegations","start":5905.79,"end":5906.59},{"text":"that","start":5906.59,"end":5906.79},{"text":"have","start":5906.79,"end":5906.91},{"text":"proposed","start":5906.91,"end":5907.51},{"text":"omitting","start":5907.63,"end":5908.19},{"text":"the","start":5908.19,"end":5908.35},{"text":"mention","start":5908.35,"end":5908.83},{"text":"of,","start":5908.87,"end":5909.15},{"text":"of","start":5909.71,"end":5909.95},{"text":"identify,","start":5910.27,"end":5911.07},{"text":"as","start":5911.47,"end":5911.67},{"text":"in","start":5911.67,"end":5911.79},{"text":"our","start":5911.79,"end":5912.03},{"text":"understanding,","start":5912.03,"end":5912.83},{"text":"identification","start":5913.35,"end":5914.43},{"text":"is","start":5914.43,"end":5914.75},{"text":"interesting,","start":5914.75,"end":5915.47},{"text":"intersectly","start":5915.63,"end":5916.59},{"text":"and","start":5916.83,"end":5917.03},{"text":"inherently","start":5917.03,"end":5917.95},{"text":"linked","start":5917.95,"end":5918.51},{"text":"to","start":5918.75,"end":5919.03},{"text":"the","start":5919.03,"end":5919.11},{"text":"selection","start":5919.11,"end":5919.71},{"text":"process.","start":5919.71,"end":5920.35}]},{"text":"However, in a constructive spirit, we remain flexible on this point.","start":5921.07,"end":5925.07,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"However,","start":5921.07,"end":5921.71},{"text":"in","start":5921.71,"end":5921.87},{"text":"a","start":5921.95,"end":5921.99},{"text":"constructive","start":5921.99,"end":5922.63},{"text":"spirit,","start":5922.63,"end":5923.07},{"text":"we","start":5923.15,"end":5923.27},{"text":"remain","start":5923.27,"end":5923.71},{"text":"flexible","start":5923.71,"end":5924.31},{"text":"on","start":5924.31,"end":5924.43},{"text":"this","start":5924.43,"end":5924.59},{"text":"point.","start":5924.59,"end":5925.07}]},{"text":"Regarding the second paragraph, while Luxembourg's national position on autonomous weapons systems does not include the notion of lethal, we recognize the importance that some delegations attach to it, and as the United States have underlined, it is an integral part of our current mandate.","start":5926.11,"end":5946.11,"topics":[{"key":"lethality-definition","label":"Definition of Lethality","description":"A central issue was whether and how to explain the term \"lethal\" in the draft text. Delegations discussed whether lethality should refer to capacity, capability, design, or intent, and whether it should cover killing, injury, and damage to objects."}],"words":[{"text":"Regarding","start":5926.11,"end":5926.59},{"text":"the","start":5926.59,"end":5926.67},{"text":"second","start":5926.67,"end":5926.95},{"text":"paragraph,","start":5926.99,"end":5927.71},{"text":"while","start":5928.03,"end":5928.31},{"text":"Luxembourg's","start":5928.31,"end":5929.31},{"text":"national","start":5929.47,"end":5930.75},{"text":"position","start":5931.23,"end":5932.03},{"text":"on","start":5932.03,"end":5932.27},{"text":"autonomous","start":5932.27,"end":5932.91},{"text":"weapons","start":5932.91,"end":5933.31},{"text":"systems","start":5933.31,"end":5934.03},{"text":"does","start":5934.27,"end":5934.51},{"text":"not","start":5934.51,"end":5934.71},{"text":"include","start":5934.71,"end":5935.23},{"text":"the","start":5935.23,"end":5935.31},{"text":"notion","start":5935.31,"end":5935.95},{"text":"of","start":5936.23,"end":5936.35},{"text":"lethal,","start":5936.35,"end":5936.91},{"text":"we","start":5937.31,"end":5937.47},{"text":"recognize","start":5937.47,"end":5937.99},{"text":"the","start":5937.99,"end":5938.07},{"text":"importance","start":5938.07,"end":5938.63},{"text":"that","start":5938.63,"end":5938.83},{"text":"some","start":5938.83,"end":5938.99},{"text":"delegations","start":5938.99,"end":5939.87},{"text":"attach","start":5939.87,"end":5940.39},{"text":"to","start":5940.39,"end":5940.47},{"text":"it,","start":5940.47,"end":5940.75},{"text":"and","start":5941.15,"end":5941.43},{"text":"as","start":5941.43,"end":5941.51},{"text":"the","start":5941.51,"end":5941.59},{"text":"United","start":5941.59,"end":5942.03},{"text":"States","start":5942.03,"end":5942.59},{"text":"have","start":5942.59,"end":5942.75},{"text":"underlined,","start":5942.75,"end":5943.39},{"text":"it","start":5943.63,"end":5943.87},{"text":"is","start":5943.87,"end":5944.03},{"text":"an","start":5944.03,"end":5944.11},{"text":"integral","start":5944.11,"end":5944.59},{"text":"part","start":5944.59,"end":5944.91},{"text":"of","start":5944.91,"end":5945.07},{"text":"our","start":5945.07,"end":5945.15},{"text":"current","start":5945.15,"end":5945.55},{"text":"mandate.","start":5945.55,"end":5946.11}]},{"text":"Therefore, we are open to keeping lethal in the working definition.","start":5946.91,"end":5951.15,"topics":[{"key":"lethality-definition","label":"Definition of Lethality","description":"A central issue was whether and how to explain the term \"lethal\" in the draft text. Delegations discussed whether lethality should refer to capacity, capability, design, or intent, and whether it should cover killing, injury, and damage to objects."}],"words":[{"text":"Therefore,","start":5946.91,"end":5947.55},{"text":"we","start":5947.63,"end":5947.83},{"text":"are","start":5947.83,"end":5947.91},{"text":"open","start":5947.91,"end":5948.35},{"text":"to","start":5948.35,"end":5948.43},{"text":"keeping","start":5948.43,"end":5949.07},{"text":"lethal","start":5949.15,"end":5949.79},{"text":"in","start":5949.79,"end":5949.95},{"text":"the","start":5949.95,"end":5950.03},{"text":"working","start":5950.03,"end":5950.43},{"text":"definition.","start":5950.43,"end":5951.15}]},{"text":"but support an extensive interpretation of lethality to avoid narrowing the scope of the characterization.","start":5951.63,"end":5958.99,"topics":[{"key":"lethality-definition","label":"Definition of Lethality","description":"A central issue was whether and how to explain the term \"lethal\" in the draft text. Delegations discussed whether lethality should refer to capacity, capability, design, or intent, and whether it should cover killing, injury, and damage to objects."},{"key":"laws-scope","label":"Scope of the LAWS Characterization","description":"Delegations debated how broadly lethal autonomous weapons systems should be characterized, including whether the text should remain a broad working characterization or be narrowed through exclusions. Speakers also discussed how to anchor the characterization within the scope, objectives, or application of the CCW."}],"words":[{"text":"but","start":5951.63,"end":5951.87},{"text":"support","start":5951.87,"end":5952.51},{"text":"an","start":5952.63,"end":5952.75},{"text":"extensive","start":5952.75,"end":5953.63},{"text":"interpretation","start":5953.63,"end":5954.67},{"text":"of","start":5954.67,"end":5954.91},{"text":"lethality","start":5954.91,"end":5955.63},{"text":"to","start":5956.11,"end":5956.23},{"text":"avoid","start":5956.23,"end":5956.67},{"text":"narrowing","start":5956.67,"end":5957.15},{"text":"the","start":5957.15,"end":5957.23},{"text":"scope","start":5957.23,"end":5957.67},{"text":"of","start":5957.67,"end":5957.79},{"text":"the","start":5957.79,"end":5957.91},{"text":"characterization.","start":5957.91,"end":5958.99}]},{"text":"We believe the definition you have put forward in paragraph 2 fulfills this purpose.","start":5959.95,"end":5964.91,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":5959.95,"end":5960.11},{"text":"believe","start":5960.11,"end":5960.51},{"text":"the","start":5960.51,"end":5960.59},{"text":"definition","start":5960.59,"end":5961.27},{"text":"you","start":5961.27,"end":5961.35},{"text":"have","start":5961.35,"end":5961.47},{"text":"put","start":5961.47,"end":5961.71},{"text":"forward","start":5961.71,"end":5962.27},{"text":"in","start":5962.27,"end":5962.43},{"text":"paragraph","start":5962.43,"end":5962.99},{"text":"2","start":5962.99,"end":5963.39},{"text":"fulfills","start":5963.39,"end":5964.03},{"text":"this","start":5964.03,"end":5964.27},{"text":"purpose.","start":5964.27,"end":5964.91}]},{"text":"However, as mentioned by many other delegations before us, we would prefer to characterize lethal in relation to the capacity to kill or injure rather than linking it directly to weapons as it is currently formulated.","start":5965.55,"end":5980.27,"topics":[{"key":"lethality-definition","label":"Definition of Lethality","description":"A central issue was whether and how to explain the term \"lethal\" in the draft text. Delegations discussed whether lethality should refer to capacity, capability, design, or intent, and whether it should cover killing, injury, and damage to objects."}],"words":[{"text":"However,","start":5965.55,"end":5966.11},{"text":"as","start":5966.27,"end":5966.51},{"text":"mentioned","start":5966.51,"end":5966.91},{"text":"by","start":5966.91,"end":5967.03},{"text":"many","start":5967.03,"end":5967.31},{"text":"other","start":5967.31,"end":5967.55},{"text":"delegations","start":5967.55,"end":5968.27},{"text":"before","start":5968.27,"end":5968.75},{"text":"us,","start":5968.75,"end":5968.99},{"text":"we","start":5969.31,"end":5969.47},{"text":"would","start":5969.47,"end":5969.63},{"text":"prefer","start":5969.63,"end":5970.11},{"text":"to","start":5970.11,"end":5970.31},{"text":"characterize","start":5970.31,"end":5971.23},{"text":"lethal","start":5971.31,"end":5971.95},{"text":"in","start":5972.27,"end":5972.43},{"text":"relation","start":5972.43,"end":5972.91},{"text":"to","start":5972.91,"end":5973.07},{"text":"the","start":5973.07,"end":5973.15},{"text":"capacity","start":5973.15,"end":5973.95},{"text":"to","start":5973.95,"end":5974.19},{"text":"kill","start":5974.19,"end":5974.63},{"text":"or","start":5974.63,"end":5974.75},{"text":"injure","start":5974.75,"end":5975.23},{"text":"rather","start":5975.55,"end":5975.95},{"text":"than","start":5975.95,"end":5976.15},{"text":"linking","start":5976.15,"end":5976.59},{"text":"it","start":5976.59,"end":5976.83},{"text":"directly","start":5976.99,"end":5977.55},{"text":"to","start":5977.55,"end":5977.71},{"text":"weapons","start":5977.71,"end":5978.35},{"text":"as","start":5978.59,"end":5978.83},{"text":"it","start":5978.83,"end":5978.95},{"text":"is","start":5978.95,"end":5979.07},{"text":"currently","start":5979.07,"end":5979.55},{"text":"formulated.","start":5979.55,"end":5980.27}]},{"text":"I thank you, Chair.","start":5980.87,"end":5981.83,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":5980.87,"end":5981.03},{"text":"thank","start":5981.03,"end":5981.31},{"text":"you,","start":5981.31,"end":5981.43},{"text":"Chair.","start":5981.43,"end":5981.83}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"LUX","group":null,"function":null,"affiliation_full":"Luxembourg"}},{"statement_number":45,"start":5989.91,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1t/k1t48lttgq?t=1:39:50","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Let me thank the distinguished representative of Luxembourg for commenting on the text and also for showing flexibility with regard to the proposals made so far.","start":5989.91,"end":6000.07,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Let","start":5989.91,"end":5990.15},{"text":"me","start":5990.15,"end":5990.31},{"text":"thank","start":5990.31,"end":5990.55},{"text":"the","start":5990.55,"end":5990.63},{"text":"distinguished","start":5990.63,"end":5991.15},{"text":"representative","start":5991.15,"end":5991.83},{"text":"of","start":5991.83,"end":5991.91},{"text":"Luxembourg","start":5991.91,"end":5992.63},{"text":"for","start":5992.79,"end":5993.03},{"text":"commenting","start":5993.67,"end":5994.23},{"text":"on","start":5994.23,"end":5994.31},{"text":"the","start":5994.31,"end":5994.43},{"text":"text","start":5994.43,"end":5994.83},{"text":"and","start":5994.83,"end":5994.95},{"text":"also","start":5994.95,"end":5995.19},{"text":"for","start":5995.19,"end":5995.59},{"text":"showing","start":5996.39,"end":5996.75},{"text":"flexibility","start":5996.75,"end":5997.43},{"text":"with","start":5997.43,"end":5997.63},{"text":"regard","start":5997.63,"end":5997.95},{"text":"to","start":5997.95,"end":5998.47},{"text":"the","start":5998.63,"end":5998.75},{"text":"proposals","start":5998.75,"end":5999.31},{"text":"made","start":5999.31,"end":5999.51},{"text":"so","start":5999.51,"end":5999.75},{"text":"far.","start":5999.75,"end":6000.07}]},{"text":"Next on my list is Sweden.","start":6001.43,"end":6003.31,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next","start":6001.43,"end":6001.75},{"text":"on","start":6001.75,"end":6001.83},{"text":"my","start":6001.83,"end":6001.99},{"text":"list","start":6001.99,"end":6002.31},{"text":"is","start":6002.31,"end":6002.63},{"text":"Sweden.","start":6002.79,"end":6003.31}]},{"text":"Let me pass the floor to the distinguished representative of Sweden.","start":6003.31,"end":6006.03,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Let","start":6003.31,"end":6003.43},{"text":"me","start":6003.43,"end":6003.59},{"text":"pass","start":6003.59,"end":6003.83},{"text":"the","start":6003.83,"end":6003.91},{"text":"floor","start":6003.91,"end":6004.11},{"text":"to","start":6004.11,"end":6004.19},{"text":"the","start":6004.19,"end":6004.27},{"text":"distinguished","start":6004.27,"end":6004.79},{"text":"representative","start":6004.79,"end":6005.43},{"text":"of","start":6005.43,"end":6005.51},{"text":"Sweden.","start":6005.51,"end":6006.03}]},{"text":"You have the floor.","start":6006.03,"end":6006.71,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"You","start":6006.03,"end":6006.11},{"text":"have","start":6006.11,"end":6006.31},{"text":"the","start":6006.31,"end":6006.43},{"text":"floor.","start":6006.43,"end":6006.71}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":null,"group":null,"function":"Chair","affiliation_full":null}},{"statement_number":46,"start":6010.59,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1t/k1t48lttgq?t=1:40:11","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Chair.","start":6010.59,"end":6011.47,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":6010.59,"end":6010.87},{"text":"you,","start":6010.99,"end":6011.11},{"text":"Chair.","start":6011.11,"end":6011.47}]},{"text":"We welcome this text and commend all your efforts to advance our work.","start":6012.35,"end":6017.27,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":6012.35,"end":6012.55},{"text":"welcome","start":6012.55,"end":6013.07},{"text":"this","start":6013.23,"end":6013.47},{"text":"text","start":6013.47,"end":6013.99},{"text":"and","start":6013.99,"end":6014.23},{"text":"commend","start":6014.43,"end":6014.91},{"text":"all","start":6015.23,"end":6015.47},{"text":"your","start":6015.47,"end":6015.63},{"text":"efforts","start":6015.63,"end":6016.03},{"text":"to","start":6016.03,"end":6016.19},{"text":"advance","start":6016.19,"end":6016.87},{"text":"our","start":6016.87,"end":6016.99},{"text":"work.","start":6016.99,"end":6017.27}]},{"text":"We also appreciate the current discussion with constructive comments from all delegations.","start":6017.87,"end":6022.19,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":6017.87,"end":6018.07},{"text":"also","start":6018.07,"end":6018.31},{"text":"appreciate","start":6018.31,"end":6018.83},{"text":"the","start":6018.83,"end":6018.91},{"text":"current","start":6018.91,"end":6019.35},{"text":"discussion","start":6019.35,"end":6019.87},{"text":"with","start":6019.87,"end":6020.07},{"text":"constructive","start":6020.07,"end":6020.59},{"text":"comments","start":6020.59,"end":6020.99},{"text":"from","start":6020.99,"end":6021.47},{"text":"all","start":6021.47,"end":6021.55},{"text":"delegations.","start":6021.55,"end":6022.19}]},{"text":"We prefer para 1 as it is in regard to identify and/or select and engage.","start":6024.51,"end":6030.59,"topics":[{"key":"critical-functions","label":"Critical Functions: Identify, Select and Engage","description":"Many statements focused on which functions should define autonomy in weapons systems, especially whether \"identify\" should be retained alongside \"select\" and \"engage.\" Delegations disagreed over a cumulative approach versus a broader formulation and used operational examples to clarify the implications."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":6024.51,"end":6024.67},{"text":"prefer","start":6024.67,"end":6025.07},{"text":"para","start":6025.07,"end":6025.55},{"text":"1","start":6025.55,"end":6026.03},{"text":"as","start":6026.27,"end":6026.51},{"text":"it","start":6026.51,"end":6026.59},{"text":"is","start":6026.59,"end":6026.99},{"text":"in","start":6027.15,"end":6027.31},{"text":"regard","start":6027.31,"end":6027.71},{"text":"to","start":6027.71,"end":6028.03},{"text":"identify","start":6028.03,"end":6028.75},{"text":"and/or","start":6028.91,"end":6029.39},{"text":"select","start":6029.39,"end":6029.87},{"text":"and","start":6029.95,"end":6030.11},{"text":"engage.","start":6030.11,"end":6030.59}]},{"text":"We can also accept an addition of once activated proposed by Germany, and we support the comma proposed by Australia.","start":6031.95,"end":6040.03,"topics":[{"key":"human-control","label":"Human Control and Temporal Aspects","description":"Speakers examined how to reflect human involvement in the operation of autonomous weapons, including references to human users, operators, control, and intervention. Several delegations also stressed the importance of timing, proposing language such as \"once activated\" or \"without further intervention\" to capture the temporal dimension of autonomy."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":6031.95,"end":6032.11},{"text":"can","start":6032.11,"end":6032.27},{"text":"also","start":6032.27,"end":6032.47},{"text":"accept","start":6032.47,"end":6033.07},{"text":"an","start":6033.19,"end":6033.27},{"text":"addition","start":6033.27,"end":6033.87},{"text":"of","start":6033.87,"end":6034.11},{"text":"once","start":6034.27,"end":6034.67},{"text":"activated","start":6034.67,"end":6035.31},{"text":"proposed","start":6035.31,"end":6035.79},{"text":"by","start":6035.79,"end":6035.95},{"text":"Germany,","start":6035.95,"end":6036.51},{"text":"and","start":6037.15,"end":6037.35},{"text":"we","start":6037.35,"end":6037.47},{"text":"support","start":6037.47,"end":6037.87},{"text":"the","start":6037.87,"end":6038.03},{"text":"comma","start":6038.03,"end":6038.35},{"text":"proposed","start":6038.35,"end":6039.07},{"text":"by","start":6039.07,"end":6039.39},{"text":"Australia.","start":6039.55,"end":6040.03}]},{"text":"As regards lethal, we prefer to remove lethal in para 1 and also remove para 2 as we do not see a need to define lethality.","start":6041.47,"end":6049.63,"topics":[{"key":"lethality-definition","label":"Definition of Lethality","description":"A central issue was whether and how to explain the term \"lethal\" in the draft text. Delegations discussed whether lethality should refer to capacity, capability, design, or intent, and whether it should cover killing, injury, and damage to objects."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":6041.47,"end":6041.63},{"text":"regards","start":6041.63,"end":6042.03},{"text":"lethal,","start":6042.03,"end":6042.59},{"text":"we","start":6042.83,"end":6042.99},{"text":"prefer","start":6042.99,"end":6043.39},{"text":"to","start":6043.39,"end":6043.51},{"text":"remove","start":6043.51,"end":6044.03},{"text":"lethal","start":6044.03,"end":6044.59},{"text":"in","start":6044.59,"end":6044.83},{"text":"para","start":6044.83,"end":6045.11},{"text":"1","start":6045.11,"end":6045.47},{"text":"and","start":6045.79,"end":6046.03},{"text":"also","start":6046.03,"end":6046.27},{"text":"remove","start":6046.27,"end":6046.75},{"text":"para","start":6046.75,"end":6047.07},{"text":"2","start":6047.07,"end":6047.55},{"text":"as","start":6047.55,"end":6047.71},{"text":"we","start":6047.71,"end":6047.83},{"text":"do","start":6047.83,"end":6047.91},{"text":"not","start":6047.91,"end":6048.11},{"text":"see","start":6048.11,"end":6048.23},{"text":"a","start":6048.23,"end":6048.27},{"text":"need","start":6048.27,"end":6048.59},{"text":"to","start":6048.59,"end":6048.71},{"text":"define","start":6048.71,"end":6049.07},{"text":"lethality.","start":6049.07,"end":6049.63}]},{"text":"But we hear that this aspect is important to several delegations and could therefore accept para 2 as a compromise.","start":6050.19,"end":6056.67,"topics":[{"key":"lethality-definition","label":"Definition of Lethality","description":"A central issue was whether and how to explain the term \"lethal\" in the draft text. Delegations discussed whether lethality should refer to capacity, capability, design, or intent, and whether it should cover killing, injury, and damage to objects."}],"words":[{"text":"But","start":6050.19,"end":6050.43},{"text":"we","start":6050.43,"end":6050.55},{"text":"hear","start":6050.55,"end":6050.99},{"text":"that","start":6050.99,"end":6051.11},{"text":"this","start":6051.11,"end":6051.47},{"text":"aspect","start":6051.47,"end":6051.83},{"text":"is","start":6051.83,"end":6051.91},{"text":"important","start":6051.91,"end":6052.39},{"text":"to","start":6052.39,"end":6052.47},{"text":"several","start":6052.47,"end":6052.83},{"text":"delegations","start":6052.83,"end":6053.55},{"text":"and","start":6054.11,"end":6054.27},{"text":"could","start":6054.27,"end":6054.39},{"text":"therefore","start":6054.39,"end":6054.71},{"text":"accept","start":6054.71,"end":6055.11},{"text":"para","start":6055.11,"end":6055.39},{"text":"2","start":6055.39,"end":6055.71},{"text":"as","start":6055.79,"end":6055.99},{"text":"a","start":6055.99,"end":6056.03},{"text":"compromise.","start":6056.03,"end":6056.67}]},{"text":"We could also accept replacing capacity with capability or are designed to.","start":6057.87,"end":6062.99,"topics":[{"key":"lethality-definition","label":"Definition of Lethality","description":"A central issue was whether and how to explain the term \"lethal\" in the draft text. Delegations discussed whether lethality should refer to capacity, capability, design, or intent, and whether it should cover killing, injury, and damage to objects."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":6057.87,"end":6058.03},{"text":"could","start":6058.03,"end":6058.15},{"text":"also","start":6058.15,"end":6058.39},{"text":"accept","start":6058.39,"end":6058.75},{"text":"replacing","start":6058.91,"end":6059.55},{"text":"capacity","start":6059.55,"end":6060.27},{"text":"with","start":6060.27,"end":6060.43},{"text":"capability","start":6060.43,"end":6061.23},{"text":"or","start":6061.39,"end":6062.03},{"text":"are","start":6062.03,"end":6062.27},{"text":"designed","start":6062.27,"end":6062.79},{"text":"to.","start":6062.79,"end":6062.99}]},{"text":"We could also replace lethal with loss or with a reference to para 1.","start":6064.35,"end":6069.15,"topics":[{"key":"lethality-definition","label":"Definition of Lethality","description":"A central issue was whether and how to explain the term \"lethal\" in the draft text. Delegations discussed whether lethality should refer to capacity, capability, design, or intent, and whether it should cover killing, injury, and damage to objects."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":6064.35,"end":6064.59},{"text":"could","start":6064.59,"end":6064.71},{"text":"also","start":6064.71,"end":6064.99},{"text":"replace","start":6064.99,"end":6065.55},{"text":"lethal","start":6065.55,"end":6066.19},{"text":"with","start":6066.51,"end":6066.67},{"text":"loss","start":6066.67,"end":6067.31},{"text":"or","start":6067.55,"end":6067.79},{"text":"with","start":6067.79,"end":6068.03},{"text":"a","start":6068.03,"end":6068.11},{"text":"reference","start":6068.11,"end":6068.55},{"text":"to","start":6068.55,"end":6068.67},{"text":"para","start":6068.67,"end":6068.95},{"text":"1.","start":6068.95,"end":6069.15}]},{"text":"However, having listened carefully to the discussions this morning, we would also like to add another possibility as a helpful suggestion.","start":6071.31,"end":6080.11,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"However,","start":6071.31,"end":6071.71},{"text":"having","start":6071.71,"end":6072.35},{"text":"listened","start":6072.35,"end":6072.83},{"text":"carefully","start":6073.31,"end":6073.87},{"text":"to","start":6073.87,"end":6074.11},{"text":"the","start":6074.11,"end":6074.19},{"text":"discussions","start":6074.19,"end":6074.95},{"text":"this","start":6074.95,"end":6075.11},{"text":"morning,","start":6075.11,"end":6075.55},{"text":"we","start":6075.87,"end":6075.99},{"text":"would","start":6075.99,"end":6076.15},{"text":"also","start":6076.15,"end":6076.39},{"text":"like","start":6076.39,"end":6076.67},{"text":"to","start":6076.67,"end":6076.83},{"text":"add","start":6076.83,"end":6077.15},{"text":"another","start":6077.15,"end":6077.47},{"text":"possibility","start":6077.47,"end":6078.19},{"text":"as","start":6078.83,"end":6079.03},{"text":"a","start":6079.03,"end":6079.07},{"text":"helpful","start":6079.07,"end":6079.47},{"text":"suggestion.","start":6079.47,"end":6080.11}]},{"text":"We wonder if it would be helpful for states that are hesitant to para 2 to reformulate in the following way.","start":6081.39,"end":6088.51,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":6081.39,"end":6081.55},{"text":"wonder","start":6081.55,"end":6081.87},{"text":"if","start":6081.87,"end":6082.03},{"text":"it","start":6082.03,"end":6082.27},{"text":"would","start":6082.43,"end":6082.67},{"text":"be","start":6082.67,"end":6082.91},{"text":"helpful","start":6082.91,"end":6083.31},{"text":"for","start":6083.31,"end":6083.47},{"text":"states","start":6083.47,"end":6083.87},{"text":"that","start":6083.87,"end":6084.07},{"text":"are","start":6084.07,"end":6084.19},{"text":"hesitant","start":6084.19,"end":6084.67},{"text":"to","start":6084.67,"end":6084.75},{"text":"para","start":6084.75,"end":6085.03},{"text":"2","start":6085.03,"end":6085.47},{"text":"to","start":6086.59,"end":6086.75},{"text":"reformulate","start":6086.75,"end":6087.55},{"text":"in","start":6087.55,"end":6087.71},{"text":"the","start":6087.71,"end":6087.83},{"text":"following","start":6087.83,"end":6088.27},{"text":"way.","start":6088.27,"end":6088.51}]},{"text":"For the purpose of characterizing loss in these elements of an instrument, comma, \"Engage a target\" means using force to kill or injure one or more persons, damage or destroy objects.","start":6090.11,"end":6107.55,"topics":[{"key":"lethality-definition","label":"Definition of Lethality","description":"A central issue was whether and how to explain the term \"lethal\" in the draft text. Delegations discussed whether lethality should refer to capacity, capability, design, or intent, and whether it should cover killing, injury, and damage to objects."},{"key":"ihl-compliance","label":"International Humanitarian Law and Responsibility","description":"Delegations repeatedly linked the characterization of autonomous weapons to existing international humanitarian law, including protection of civilians, injury, attacks on objects, and accountability for use. 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was the last on my speakers list.","start":6157.91,"end":6161.35,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Sweden","start":6157.91,"end":6158.39},{"text":"was","start":6158.39,"end":6158.55},{"text":"the","start":6158.55,"end":6158.71},{"text":"last","start":6158.71,"end":6159.19},{"text":"on","start":6159.75,"end":6159.91},{"text":"my","start":6159.91,"end":6160.55},{"text":"speakers","start":6160.55,"end":6161.03},{"text":"list.","start":6161.03,"end":6161.35}]},{"text":"Are there any further requests for the floor?","start":6162.15,"end":6165.51,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Are","start":6162.15,"end":6162.27},{"text":"there","start":6162.27,"end":6162.47},{"text":"any","start":6162.59,"end":6163.03},{"text":"further","start":6163.91,"end":6164.27},{"text":"requests","start":6164.27,"end":6164.71},{"text":"for","start":6164.71,"end":6164.95},{"text":"the","start":6164.95,"end":6165.03},{"text":"floor?","start":6165.03,"end":6165.51}]},{"text":"Oh, I 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respect to box 1, my delegation agrees with the previous speakers that the new proposal is 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objectives of the CCW.","start":6210.39,"end":6232.47,"topics":[{"key":"laws-scope","label":"Scope of the LAWS Characterization","description":"Delegations debated how broadly lethal autonomous weapons systems should be characterized, including whether the text should remain a broad working characterization or be narrowed through exclusions. Speakers also discussed how to anchor the characterization within the scope, objectives, or application of the CCW."}],"words":[{"text":"1,","start":6210.39,"end":6210.87},{"text":"the","start":6211.99,"end":6212.15},{"text":"phrase","start":6212.15,"end":6212.71},{"text":"proposed","start":6212.71,"end":6213.51},{"text":"by","start":6213.51,"end":6213.75},{"text":"the","start":6213.75,"end":6213.87},{"text":"Asia-Pacific","start":6214.63,"end":6215.43},{"text":"Institute,","start":6215.43,"end":6216.15},{"text":"which","start":6218.79,"end":6219.35},{"text":"is","start":6219.35,"end":6219.59},{"text":"broadly","start":6219.59,"end":6220.23},{"text":"used","start":6220.23,"end":6220.79},{"text":"in","start":6220.79,"end":6221.03},{"text":"prior","start":6221.11,"end":6221.67},{"text":"discussions","start":6221.67,"end":6222.19},{"text":"of","start":6222.19,"end":6222.31},{"text":"the","start":6222.31,"end":6222.47},{"text":"GGE,","start":6222.47,"end":6223.11},{"text":"would","start":6223.11,"end":6223.35},{"text":"be","start":6223.43,"end":6223.75},{"text":"a","start":6223.75,"end":6223.91},{"text":"better","start":6223.91,"end":6224.35},{"text":"way","start":6224.35,"end":6224.79},{"text":"of","start":6224.79,"end":6225.43},{"text":"addressing","start":6225.43,"end":6227.63},{"text":"that","start":6227.63,"end":6227.83},{"text":"paragraph,","start":6227.83,"end":6228.31},{"text":"referring","start":6228.31,"end":6228.95},{"text":"to","start":6228.95,"end":6229.03},{"text":"the","start":6229.03,"end":6229.15},{"text":"principles","start":6229.15,"end":6229.59},{"text":"and","start":6229.59,"end":6229.71},{"text":"objectives","start":6229.71,"end":6230.55},{"text":"of","start":6231.27,"end":6231.51},{"text":"the","start":6231.51,"end":6231.67},{"text":"CCW.","start":6231.67,"end":6232.47}]},{"text":"We also support the use of the phrase \"can enable\".","start":6234.71,"end":6242.71,"topics":[{"key":"human-control","label":"Human Control and Temporal Aspects","description":"Speakers examined how to reflect human involvement in the operation of autonomous weapons, including references to human users, operators, control, and intervention. Several delegations also stressed the importance of timing, proposing language such as \"once activated\" or \"without further intervention\" to capture the temporal dimension of autonomy."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":6234.71,"end":6234.95},{"text":"also","start":6234.95,"end":6235.43},{"text":"support","start":6235.43,"end":6236.39},{"text":"the","start":6236.63,"end":6236.83},{"text":"use","start":6237.91,"end":6238.31},{"text":"of","start":6238.31,"end":6238.43},{"text":"the","start":6238.43,"end":6238.55},{"text":"phrase","start":6238.55,"end":6239.27},{"text":"\"can","start":6240.07,"end":6240.87},{"text":"enable\".","start":6242.03,"end":6242.71}]},{"text":"I think that helps us better send to the definition on the human element.","start":6242.71,"end":6249.03,"topics":[{"key":"human-control","label":"Human Control and Temporal Aspects","description":"Speakers examined how to reflect human involvement in the operation of autonomous weapons, including references to human users, operators, control, and intervention. Several delegations also stressed the importance of timing, proposing language such as \"once activated\" or \"without further intervention\" to capture the temporal dimension of autonomy."}],"words":[{"text":"I","start":6242.71,"end":6242.75},{"text":"think","start":6242.75,"end":6242.91},{"text":"that","start":6242.91,"end":6243.27},{"text":"helps","start":6243.67,"end":6243.99},{"text":"us","start":6243.99,"end":6244.07},{"text":"better","start":6244.07,"end":6244.31},{"text":"send","start":6244.31,"end":6244.63},{"text":"to","start":6244.63,"end":6244.71},{"text":"the","start":6244.71,"end":6244.83},{"text":"definition","start":6244.83,"end":6245.75},{"text":"on","start":6247.59,"end":6247.83},{"text":"the","start":6247.83,"end":6247.95},{"text":"human","start":6248.15,"end":6248.51},{"text":"element.","start":6248.51,"end":6249.03}]},{"text":"Finally, on the term \"identify\", we agree with the explanations given by Austria, Brazil, ICR, Switzerland and others.","start":6250.55,"end":6260.07,"topics":[{"key":"critical-functions","label":"Critical Functions: Identify, Select and Engage","description":"Many statements focused on which functions should define autonomy in weapons systems, especially whether \"identify\" should be retained alongside \"select\" and \"engage.\" Delegations disagreed over a cumulative approach versus a broader formulation and used operational examples to clarify the implications."}],"words":[{"text":"Finally,","start":6250.55,"end":6251.35},{"text":"on","start":6251.35,"end":6251.47},{"text":"the","start":6251.47,"end":6251.59},{"text":"term","start":6251.91,"end":6252.39},{"text":"\"identify\",","start":6252.39,"end":6253.83},{"text":"we","start":6253.83,"end":6254.07},{"text":"agree","start":6254.07,"end":6254.63},{"text":"with","start":6254.63,"end":6254.75},{"text":"the","start":6254.75,"end":6254.83},{"text":"explanations","start":6254.83,"end":6255.43},{"text":"given","start":6255.43,"end":6255.71},{"text":"by","start":6255.71,"end":6255.83},{"text":"Austria,","start":6255.83,"end":6256.19},{"text":"Brazil,","start":6256.19,"end":6256.71},{"text":"ICR,","start":6257.43,"end":6258.31},{"text":"Switzerland","start":6258.31,"end":6259.35},{"text":"and","start":6259.35,"end":6259.47},{"text":"others.","start":6259.47,"end":6260.07}]},{"text":"that its use does introduce ambiguity into the paragraph, does not address the critical functions of concern that raise ethical and legal questions, and which are implicitly covered within function and selection.","start":6260.75,"end":6276.67,"topics":[{"key":"critical-functions","label":"Critical Functions: Identify, Select and Engage","description":"Many statements focused on which functions should define autonomy in weapons systems, especially whether \"identify\" should be retained alongside \"select\" and \"engage.\" Delegations disagreed over a cumulative approach versus a broader formulation and used operational examples to clarify the implications."},{"key":"ihl-compliance","label":"International Humanitarian Law and Responsibility","description":"Delegations repeatedly linked the characterization of autonomous weapons to existing international humanitarian law, including protection of civilians, injury, attacks on objects, and accountability for use. Several speakers emphasized that human involvement and system design must preserve legal responsibility under IHL."}],"words":[{"text":"that","start":6260.75,"end":6261.71},{"text":"its","start":6261.71,"end":6262.03},{"text":"use","start":6262.03,"end":6262.27},{"text":"does","start":6262.27,"end":6262.47},{"text":"introduce","start":6262.47,"end":6262.99},{"text":"ambiguity","start":6262.99,"end":6264.03},{"text":"into","start":6264.11,"end":6264.47},{"text":"the","start":6264.47,"end":6264.59},{"text":"paragraph,","start":6264.59,"end":6265.03},{"text":"does","start":6265.03,"end":6265.19},{"text":"not","start":6265.19,"end":6265.31},{"text":"address","start":6265.31,"end":6265.63},{"text":"the","start":6265.63,"end":6265.75},{"text":"critical","start":6265.75,"end":6266.19},{"text":"functions","start":6266.19,"end":6266.71},{"text":"of","start":6266.71,"end":6266.83},{"text":"concern","start":6266.83,"end":6267.47},{"text":"that","start":6268.51,"end":6268.83},{"text":"raise","start":6268.83,"end":6269.23},{"text":"ethical","start":6269.23,"end":6269.67},{"text":"and","start":6269.67,"end":6269.79},{"text":"legal","start":6269.79,"end":6270.11},{"text":"questions,","start":6270.11,"end":6270.99},{"text":"and","start":6271.31,"end":6271.55},{"text":"which","start":6271.55,"end":6271.87},{"text":"are","start":6271.87,"end":6271.95},{"text":"implicitly","start":6271.95,"end":6273.07},{"text":"covered","start":6273.47,"end":6274.11},{"text":"within","start":6274.23,"end":6275.07},{"text":"function","start":6275.07,"end":6275.55},{"text":"and","start":6275.55,"end":6275.87},{"text":"selection.","start":6275.87,"end":6276.67}]},{"text":"On para 2, my delegation would prefer leaving out the word lethal as we have discussed in previous years in the GGE.","start":6277.63,"end":6288.95,"topics":[{"key":"lethality-definition","label":"Definition of Lethality","description":"A central issue was whether and how to explain the term \"lethal\" in the draft text. Delegations discussed whether lethality should refer to capacity, capability, design, or intent, and whether it should cover killing, injury, and damage to objects."}],"words":[{"text":"On","start":6277.63,"end":6277.79},{"text":"para","start":6277.79,"end":6278.11},{"text":"2,","start":6278.11,"end":6278.91},{"text":"my","start":6278.91,"end":6279.15},{"text":"delegation","start":6279.15,"end":6280.03},{"text":"would","start":6280.03,"end":6280.27},{"text":"prefer","start":6280.27,"end":6280.95},{"text":"leaving","start":6281.07,"end":6281.47},{"text":"out","start":6281.47,"end":6281.79},{"text":"the","start":6281.79,"end":6281.95},{"text":"word","start":6281.95,"end":6282.43},{"text":"lethal","start":6283.23,"end":6284.19},{"text":"as","start":6285.35,"end":6285.47},{"text":"we","start":6285.47,"end":6285.55},{"text":"have","start":6285.55,"end":6285.67},{"text":"discussed","start":6285.67,"end":6286.35},{"text":"in","start":6286.71,"end":6287.19},{"text":"previous","start":6287.19,"end":6287.67},{"text":"years","start":6287.67,"end":6288.07},{"text":"in","start":6288.07,"end":6288.19},{"text":"the","start":6288.19,"end":6288.39},{"text":"GGE.","start":6288.39,"end":6288.95}]},{"text":"We understand that certain countries find it important, and therefore that definition could be useful.","start":6289.43,"end":6297.75,"topics":[{"key":"lethality-definition","label":"Definition of Lethality","description":"A central issue was whether and how to explain the term \"lethal\" in the draft text. Delegations discussed whether lethality should refer to capacity, capability, design, or intent, and whether it should cover killing, injury, and damage to objects."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":6289.43,"end":6289.75},{"text":"understand","start":6289.75,"end":6290.63},{"text":"that","start":6291.55,"end":6291.83},{"text":"certain","start":6291.99,"end":6292.87},{"text":"countries","start":6292.87,"end":6293.19},{"text":"find","start":6293.19,"end":6293.43},{"text":"it","start":6293.43,"end":6293.51},{"text":"important,","start":6293.51,"end":6294.11},{"text":"and","start":6294.11,"end":6294.23},{"text":"therefore","start":6294.23,"end":6294.63},{"text":"that","start":6294.79,"end":6295.35},{"text":"definition","start":6295.51,"end":6296.15},{"text":"could","start":6296.15,"end":6296.55},{"text":"be","start":6296.55,"end":6296.79},{"text":"useful.","start":6296.79,"end":6297.75}]},{"text":"It is important that the definition be aligned with the CCW and with the norms of IHL, which include causing excessive injury and having indiscriminate indiscriminate generic effect.","start":6299.35,"end":6316.79,"topics":[{"key":"ihl-compliance","label":"International Humanitarian Law and Responsibility","description":"Delegations repeatedly linked the characterization of autonomous weapons to existing international humanitarian law, including protection of civilians, injury, attacks on objects, and accountability for use. Several speakers emphasized that human involvement and system design must preserve legal responsibility under IHL."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":6299.35,"end":6299.67},{"text":"is","start":6299.67,"end":6299.75},{"text":"important","start":6299.75,"end":6300.71},{"text":"that","start":6302.07,"end":6302.31},{"text":"the","start":6302.31,"end":6302.39},{"text":"definition","start":6302.39,"end":6302.79},{"text":"be","start":6302.79,"end":6302.91},{"text":"aligned","start":6302.91,"end":6303.43},{"text":"with","start":6304.23,"end":6304.55},{"text":"the","start":6304.95,"end":6305.27},{"text":"CCW","start":6305.27,"end":6306.15},{"text":"and","start":6306.15,"end":6306.55},{"text":"with","start":6306.55,"end":6306.83},{"text":"the","start":6306.83,"end":6306.91},{"text":"norms","start":6306.91,"end":6307.35},{"text":"of","start":6307.35,"end":6307.51},{"text":"IHL,","start":6307.51,"end":6308.11},{"text":"which","start":6308.11,"end":6308.39},{"text":"include","start":6308.39,"end":6309.19},{"text":"causing","start":6309.83,"end":6310.43},{"text":"excessive","start":6310.43,"end":6311.03},{"text":"injury","start":6311.03,"end":6311.83},{"text":"and","start":6312.39,"end":6312.55},{"text":"having","start":6312.55,"end":6312.87},{"text":"indiscriminate","start":6312.87,"end":6314.19},{"text":"indiscriminate","start":6315.11,"end":6315.75},{"text":"generic","start":6315.75,"end":6316.23},{"text":"effect.","start":6316.23,"end":6316.79}]},{"text":"In that respect, that vision is aligned with the broad vision that is presented here.","start":6316.95,"end":6322.95,"topics":[{"key":"laws-scope","label":"Scope of the LAWS Characterization","description":"Delegations debated how broadly lethal autonomous weapons systems should be characterized, including whether the text should remain a broad working characterization or be narrowed through exclusions. Speakers also discussed how to anchor the characterization within the scope, objectives, or application of the CCW."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":6316.95,"end":6317.15},{"text":"that","start":6317.15,"end":6317.35},{"text":"respect,","start":6317.35,"end":6318.03},{"text":"that","start":6318.03,"end":6318.23},{"text":"vision","start":6318.23,"end":6318.87},{"text":"is","start":6320.39,"end":6320.63},{"text":"aligned","start":6320.63,"end":6321.19},{"text":"with","start":6321.19,"end":6321.31},{"text":"the","start":6321.31,"end":6321.43},{"text":"broad","start":6321.43,"end":6321.75},{"text":"vision","start":6321.75,"end":6322.11},{"text":"that","start":6322.11,"end":6322.23},{"text":"is","start":6322.23,"end":6322.31},{"text":"presented","start":6322.31,"end":6322.75},{"text":"here.","start":6322.75,"end":6322.95}]},{"text":"Finally, we support the improvements to...","start":6324.55,"end":6331.11,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Finally,","start":6324.55,"end":6325.59},{"text":"we","start":6325.59,"end":6326.31},{"text":"support","start":6327.27,"end":6327.99},{"text":"the","start":6327.99,"end":6328.19},{"text":"improvements","start":6328.19,"end":6329.11},{"text":"to...","start":6330.63,"end":6331.11}]},{"text":"We could have lethal weapons or we could just leave it only at the beginning or just cover capacities.","start":6331.67,"end":6337.91,"topics":[{"key":"lethality-definition","label":"Definition of Lethality","description":"A central issue was whether and how to explain the term \"lethal\" in the draft text. Delegations discussed whether lethality should refer to capacity, capability, design, or intent, and whether it should cover killing, injury, and damage to 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have four further, five further requests for the floor.","start":6350.75,"end":6355.95,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":6350.75,"end":6351.15},{"text":"have","start":6351.23,"end":6351.47},{"text":"four","start":6352.75,"end":6353.39},{"text":"further,","start":6353.39,"end":6353.95},{"text":"five","start":6353.95,"end":6354.43},{"text":"further","start":6354.51,"end":6354.87},{"text":"requests","start":6354.87,"end":6355.31},{"text":"for","start":6355.31,"end":6355.43},{"text":"the","start":6355.43,"end":6355.55},{"text":"floor.","start":6355.55,"end":6355.95}]},{"text":"I have Belgium, Austria, Norway, Japan, and Bulgaria.","start":6357.07,"end":6361.99,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":6357.07,"end":6357.15},{"text":"have","start":6357.15,"end":6357.55},{"text":"Belgium,","start":6357.71,"end":6358.43},{"text":"Austria,","start":6359.55,"end":6360.11},{"text":"Norway,","start":6360.11,"end":6360.67},{"text":"Japan,","start":6360.67,"end":6361.31},{"text":"and","start":6361.35,"end":6361.51},{"text":"Bulgaria.","start":6361.51,"end":6361.99}]},{"text":"But let me first pass the floor to the distinguished representative of Belgium.","start":6362.03,"end":6365.95,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"But","start":6362.03,"end":6362.19},{"text":"let","start":6362.19,"end":6362.31},{"text":"me","start":6362.31,"end":6362.43},{"text":"first","start":6362.43,"end":6362.75},{"text":"pass","start":6362.75,"end":6363.15},{"text":"the","start":6363.15,"end":6363.27},{"text":"floor","start":6363.27,"end":6363.55},{"text":"to","start":6363.55,"end":6363.67},{"text":"the","start":6363.67,"end":6363.75},{"text":"distinguished","start":6363.75,"end":6364.35},{"text":"representative","start":6364.35,"end":6365.07},{"text":"of","start":6365.27,"end":6365.39},{"text":"Belgium.","start":6365.47,"end":6365.95}]},{"text":"You have the floor.","start":6366.35,"end":6366.99,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"You","start":6366.35,"end":6366.47},{"text":"have","start":6366.47,"end":6366.63},{"text":"the","start":6366.63,"end":6366.75},{"text":"floor.","start":6366.75,"end":6366.99}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":null,"group":null,"function":"Chair","affiliation_full":null}},{"statement_number":50,"start":6368.83,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1t/k1t48lttgq?t=1:46:09","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Mr. Chair.","start":6368.83,"end":6370.59,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":6368.83,"end":6369.11},{"text":"you,","start":6369.11,"end":6369.31},{"text":"Mr.","start":6369.55,"end":6370.19},{"text":"Chair.","start":6370.19,"end":6370.59}]},{"text":"My delegation wishes to echo some of the other delegations that expressed their appreciation for the approach taken by 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paragraph one, we welcome the proposed change to can identify as having the capacity is not the same as actually doing something.","start":6379.71,"end":6388.43,"topics":[{"key":"critical-functions","label":"Critical Functions: Identify, Select and Engage","description":"Many statements focused on which functions should define autonomy in weapons systems, especially whether \"identify\" should be retained alongside \"select\" and \"engage.\" Delegations disagreed over a cumulative approach versus a broader formulation and used operational examples to clarify the implications."}],"words":[{"text":"Regarding","start":6379.71,"end":6380.27},{"text":"paragraph","start":6380.27,"end":6380.83},{"text":"one,","start":6380.83,"end":6381.31},{"text":"we","start":6381.31,"end":6381.55},{"text":"welcome","start":6381.55,"end":6381.95},{"text":"the","start":6381.95,"end":6382.07},{"text":"proposed","start":6382.07,"end":6382.75},{"text":"change","start":6382.75,"end":6383.15},{"text":"to","start":6383.15,"end":6383.35},{"text":"can","start":6383.39,"end":6383.79},{"text":"identify","start":6383.79,"end":6384.59},{"text":"as","start":6384.83,"end":6384.99},{"text":"having","start":6384.99,"end":6385.31},{"text":"the","start":6385.31,"end":6385.39},{"text":"capacity","start":6385.39,"end":6386.19},{"text":"is","start":6386.35,"end":6386.59},{"text":"not","start":6386.59,"end":6386.75},{"text":"the","start":6386.75,"end":6386.83},{"text":"same","start":6386.83,"end":6387.07},{"text":"as","start":6387.07,"end":6387.15},{"text":"actually","start":6387.15,"end":6387.55},{"text":"doing","start":6387.55,"end":6387.79},{"text":"something.","start":6387.79,"end":6388.43}]},{"text":"We also welcome further discussions on the interpretation of the wording and integrated combination regarding the new paragraph two.","start":6389.39,"end":6398.03,"topics":[{"key":"critical-functions","label":"Critical Functions: Identify, Select and Engage","description":"Many statements focused on which functions should define autonomy in weapons systems, especially whether \"identify\" should be retained alongside \"select\" and \"engage.\" Delegations disagreed over a cumulative approach versus a broader formulation and used operational examples to clarify the implications."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":6389.39,"end":6389.59},{"text":"also","start":6389.59,"end":6389.87},{"text":"welcome","start":6389.87,"end":6390.19},{"text":"further","start":6390.19,"end":6390.59},{"text":"discussions","start":6390.59,"end":6391.35},{"text":"on","start":6391.35,"end":6391.47},{"text":"the","start":6391.47,"end":6391.55},{"text":"interpretation","start":6391.55,"end":6392.19},{"text":"of","start":6392.19,"end":6392.31},{"text":"the","start":6392.31,"end":6392.43},{"text":"wording","start":6392.43,"end":6392.83},{"text":"and","start":6392.83,"end":6393.03},{"text":"integrated","start":6393.03,"end":6393.71},{"text":"combination","start":6393.71,"end":6394.51},{"text":"regarding","start":6395.63,"end":6396.27},{"text":"the","start":6396.59,"end":6396.79},{"text":"new","start":6396.79,"end":6396.99},{"text":"paragraph","start":6396.99,"end":6397.63},{"text":"two.","start":6397.63,"end":6398.03}]},{"text":"If retained, we welcome your proposal to clarify the meaning of \"lethality\" in the context of these discussions.","start":6398.55,"end":6404.63,"topics":[{"key":"lethality-definition","label":"Definition of Lethality","description":"A central issue was whether and how to explain the term \"lethal\" in the draft text. Delegations discussed whether lethality should refer to capacity, capability, design, or intent, and whether it should cover killing, injury, and damage to objects."}],"words":[{"text":"If","start":6398.55,"end":6398.79},{"text":"retained,","start":6398.79,"end":6399.59},{"text":"we","start":6399.59,"end":6399.75},{"text":"welcome","start":6399.75,"end":6400.15},{"text":"your","start":6400.15,"end":6400.31},{"text":"proposal","start":6400.31,"end":6400.87},{"text":"to","start":6400.87,"end":6400.95},{"text":"clarify","start":6400.95,"end":6401.51},{"text":"the","start":6401.51,"end":6401.63},{"text":"meaning","start":6401.63,"end":6402.07},{"text":"of","start":6402.07,"end":6402.23},{"text":"\"lethality\"","start":6402.23,"end":6402.87},{"text":"in","start":6402.87,"end":6402.99},{"text":"the","start":6402.99,"end":6403.07},{"text":"context","start":6403.07,"end":6403.51},{"text":"of","start":6403.51,"end":6403.67},{"text":"these","start":6403.67,"end":6403.83},{"text":"discussions.","start":6403.83,"end":6404.63}]},{"text":"We appreciate the broad interpretation given to the term \"lethality\", which should be read in conjunction with the two-tier approach contained further in the text, distinguishing between those laws that are to be permitted and those that are not.","start":6405.43,"end":6417.83,"topics":[{"key":"lethality-definition","label":"Definition of Lethality","description":"A central issue was whether and how to explain the term \"lethal\" in the draft text. Delegations discussed whether lethality should refer to capacity, capability, design, or intent, and whether it should cover killing, injury, and damage to objects."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":6405.43,"end":6405.63},{"text":"appreciate","start":6405.63,"end":6406.23},{"text":"the","start":6406.23,"end":6406.31},{"text":"broad","start":6406.31,"end":6406.63},{"text":"interpretation","start":6406.63,"end":6407.43},{"text":"given","start":6407.43,"end":6407.75},{"text":"to","start":6407.75,"end":6407.91},{"text":"the","start":6407.91,"end":6407.99},{"text":"term","start":6407.99,"end":6408.23},{"text":"\"lethality\",","start":6408.23,"end":6409.03},{"text":"which","start":6409.47,"end":6409.71},{"text":"should","start":6409.71,"end":6409.83},{"text":"be","start":6409.83,"end":6409.99},{"text":"read","start":6409.99,"end":6410.23},{"text":"in","start":6410.23,"end":6410.31},{"text":"conjunction","start":6410.31,"end":6410.95},{"text":"with","start":6410.95,"end":6411.07},{"text":"the","start":6411.07,"end":6411.15},{"text":"two-tier","start":6411.15,"end":6411.59},{"text":"approach","start":6411.59,"end":6412.03},{"text":"contained","start":6412.03,"end":6412.47},{"text":"further","start":6412.47,"end":6412.83},{"text":"in","start":6412.83,"end":6412.95},{"text":"the","start":6412.95,"end":6413.03},{"text":"text,","start":6413.03,"end":6413.43},{"text":"distinguishing","start":6413.67,"end":6414.35},{"text":"between","start":6414.35,"end":6414.71},{"text":"those","start":6414.71,"end":6414.95},{"text":"laws","start":6414.95,"end":6415.27},{"text":"that","start":6415.27,"end":6415.47},{"text":"are","start":6415.47,"end":6415.75},{"text":"to","start":6415.99,"end":6416.07},{"text":"be","start":6416.07,"end":6416.23},{"text":"permitted","start":6416.23,"end":6416.79},{"text":"and","start":6416.79,"end":6416.99},{"text":"those","start":6416.99,"end":6417.15},{"text":"that","start":6417.15,"end":6417.27},{"text":"are","start":6417.27,"end":6417.43},{"text":"not.","start":6417.43,"end":6417.83}]},{"text":"We would like to join other delegations in expressing our preference for replacing the capacity to kill with the wording \"designed to kill\".","start":6418.95,"end":6427.19,"topics":[{"key":"lethality-definition","label":"Definition of Lethality","description":"A central issue was whether and how to explain the term \"lethal\" in the draft text. Delegations discussed whether lethality should refer to capacity, capability, design, or intent, and whether it should cover killing, injury, and damage to objects."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":6418.95,"end":6419.11},{"text":"would","start":6419.11,"end":6419.23},{"text":"like","start":6419.23,"end":6419.43},{"text":"to","start":6419.43,"end":6419.63},{"text":"join","start":6419.63,"end":6419.91},{"text":"other","start":6419.91,"end":6420.23},{"text":"delegations","start":6420.23,"end":6421.03},{"text":"in","start":6421.19,"end":6421.35},{"text":"expressing","start":6421.35,"end":6421.99},{"text":"our","start":6421.99,"end":6422.15},{"text":"preference","start":6422.15,"end":6422.87},{"text":"for","start":6422.87,"end":6423.07},{"text":"replacing","start":6423.07,"end":6423.75},{"text":"the","start":6423.75,"end":6423.87},{"text":"capacity","start":6423.91,"end":6424.47},{"text":"to","start":6424.47,"end":6424.63},{"text":"kill","start":6424.63,"end":6425.03},{"text":"with","start":6425.35,"end":6425.55},{"text":"the","start":6425.55,"end":6425.67},{"text":"wording","start":6425.67,"end":6426.11},{"text":"\"designed","start":6426.11,"end":6426.59},{"text":"to","start":6426.59,"end":6426.83},{"text":"kill\".","start":6426.83,"end":6427.19}]},{"text":"Furthermore, we agree, grammatically speaking, with the remarks made on the wording \"lethal means weapons\".","start":6428.19,"end":6435.07,"topics":[{"key":"lethality-definition","label":"Definition of Lethality","description":"A central issue was whether and how to explain the term \"lethal\" in the draft text. Delegations discussed whether lethality should refer to capacity, capability, design, or intent, and whether it should cover killing, injury, and damage to objects."}],"words":[{"text":"Furthermore,","start":6428.19,"end":6428.91},{"text":"we","start":6429.23,"end":6429.51},{"text":"agree,","start":6429.51,"end":6429.95},{"text":"grammatically","start":6429.95,"end":6430.51},{"text":"speaking,","start":6430.51,"end":6431.15},{"text":"with","start":6431.23,"end":6431.43},{"text":"the","start":6431.43,"end":6431.51},{"text":"remarks","start":6431.51,"end":6431.95},{"text":"made","start":6431.95,"end":6432.27},{"text":"on","start":6432.27,"end":6432.43},{"text":"the","start":6432.43,"end":6432.51},{"text":"wording","start":6432.51,"end":6432.99},{"text":"\"lethal","start":6433.47,"end":6433.95},{"text":"means","start":6433.95,"end":6434.51},{"text":"weapons\".","start":6434.51,"end":6435.07}]},{"text":"In our view, lethality should best be described as an adjective.","start":6435.23,"end":6438.91,"topics":[{"key":"lethality-definition","label":"Definition of Lethality","description":"A central issue was whether and how to explain the term \"lethal\" in the draft text. Delegations discussed whether lethality should refer to capacity, capability, design, or intent, and whether it should cover killing, injury, and damage to objects."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":6435.23,"end":6435.39},{"text":"our","start":6435.39,"end":6435.55},{"text":"view,","start":6435.55,"end":6435.87},{"text":"lethality","start":6435.87,"end":6436.51},{"text":"should","start":6436.91,"end":6437.15},{"text":"best","start":6437.15,"end":6437.39},{"text":"be","start":6437.39,"end":6437.51},{"text":"described","start":6437.51,"end":6438.03},{"text":"as","start":6438.03,"end":6438.23},{"text":"an","start":6438.23,"end":6438.31},{"text":"adjective.","start":6438.31,"end":6438.91}]},{"text":"Furthermore, we wish to suggest replacing \"injure\" by \"harm\".","start":6439.71,"end":6444.27,"topics":[{"key":"lethality-definition","label":"Definition of Lethality","description":"A central issue was whether and how to explain the term \"lethal\" in the draft text. Delegations discussed whether lethality should refer to capacity, capability, design, or intent, and whether it should cover killing, injury, and damage to objects."}],"words":[{"text":"Furthermore,","start":6439.71,"end":6440.51},{"text":"we","start":6440.51,"end":6440.67},{"text":"wish","start":6440.67,"end":6440.91},{"text":"to","start":6440.91,"end":6441.03},{"text":"suggest","start":6441.03,"end":6441.63},{"text":"replacing","start":6441.63,"end":6442.35},{"text":"\"injure\"","start":6442.51,"end":6443.07},{"text":"by","start":6443.39,"end":6443.63},{"text":"\"harm\".","start":6443.71,"end":6444.27}]},{"text":"In our view, \"harm\" would better encompass all possible intended effects.","start":6445.07,"end":6449.23,"topics":[{"key":"lethality-definition","label":"Definition of Lethality","description":"A central issue was whether and how to explain the term \"lethal\" in the draft text. Delegations discussed whether lethality should refer to capacity, capability, design, or intent, and whether it should cover killing, injury, and damage to objects."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":6445.07,"end":6445.23},{"text":"our","start":6445.23,"end":6445.39},{"text":"view,","start":6445.39,"end":6445.87},{"text":"\"harm\"","start":6445.87,"end":6446.19},{"text":"would","start":6446.19,"end":6446.43},{"text":"better","start":6446.43,"end":6446.71},{"text":"encompass","start":6446.71,"end":6447.31},{"text":"all","start":6447.35,"end":6447.55},{"text":"possible","start":6447.55,"end":6448.11},{"text":"intended","start":6448.11,"end":6448.67},{"text":"effects.","start":6448.67,"end":6449.23}]},{"text":"These may, for example, be to cause physical or psychological illness, something that would be something that would be covered by the term that would not be covered by the term injure.","start":6449.79,"end":6461.75,"topics":[{"key":"lethality-definition","label":"Definition of Lethality","description":"A central issue was whether and how to explain the term \"lethal\" in the draft text. Delegations discussed whether lethality should refer to capacity, capability, design, or intent, and whether it should cover killing, injury, and damage to objects."},{"key":"ihl-compliance","label":"International Humanitarian Law and Responsibility","description":"Delegations repeatedly linked the characterization of autonomous weapons to existing international humanitarian law, including protection of civilians, injury, attacks on objects, and accountability for use. Several speakers emphasized that human involvement and system design must preserve legal responsibility under IHL."}],"words":[{"text":"These","start":6449.79,"end":6450.03},{"text":"may,","start":6450.03,"end":6450.35},{"text":"for","start":6450.35,"end":6450.55},{"text":"example,","start":6450.55,"end":6451.23},{"text":"be","start":6451.47,"end":6451.63},{"text":"to","start":6451.63,"end":6451.79},{"text":"cause","start":6451.79,"end":6452.11},{"text":"physical","start":6452.11,"end":6452.67},{"text":"or","start":6452.67,"end":6452.91},{"text":"psychological","start":6452.91,"end":6453.71},{"text":"illness,","start":6453.71,"end":6454.35},{"text":"something","start":6454.91,"end":6455.39},{"text":"that","start":6455.39,"end":6456.11},{"text":"would","start":6456.43,"end":6456.67},{"text":"be","start":6456.67,"end":6456.83},{"text":"something","start":6457.83,"end":6458.23},{"text":"that","start":6458.23,"end":6458.39},{"text":"would","start":6458.39,"end":6458.63},{"text":"be","start":6458.63,"end":6458.87},{"text":"covered","start":6458.87,"end":6459.19},{"text":"by","start":6459.19,"end":6459.43},{"text":"the","start":6459.43,"end":6459.51},{"text":"term","start":6459.51,"end":6459.91},{"text":"that","start":6460.07,"end":6460.23},{"text":"would","start":6460.23,"end":6460.35},{"text":"not","start":6460.35,"end":6460.47},{"text":"be","start":6460.47,"end":6460.55},{"text":"covered","start":6460.55,"end":6460.87},{"text":"by","start":6460.87,"end":6460.99},{"text":"the","start":6460.99,"end":6461.07},{"text":"term","start":6461.07,"end":6461.35},{"text":"injure.","start":6461.35,"end":6461.75}]},{"text":"Regarding what is now paragraph three, in our view, paragraph one should always read in conjunction, should be read in conjunction with paragraph three.","start":6463.43,"end":6470.71,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Regarding","start":6463.43,"end":6463.91},{"text":"what","start":6463.91,"end":6464.11},{"text":"is","start":6464.11,"end":6464.23},{"text":"now","start":6464.23,"end":6464.39},{"text":"paragraph","start":6464.39,"end":6464.95},{"text":"three,","start":6464.95,"end":6465.27},{"text":"in","start":6465.43,"end":6465.59},{"text":"our","start":6465.59,"end":6465.75},{"text":"view,","start":6465.75,"end":6466.07},{"text":"paragraph","start":6466.07,"end":6466.63},{"text":"one","start":6466.63,"end":6466.87},{"text":"should","start":6466.87,"end":6467.03},{"text":"always","start":6467.03,"end":6467.43},{"text":"read","start":6467.43,"end":6467.59},{"text":"in","start":6467.59,"end":6467.83},{"text":"conjunction,","start":6467.83,"end":6468.39},{"text":"should","start":6468.55,"end":6468.79},{"text":"be","start":6468.79,"end":6468.95},{"text":"read","start":6468.95,"end":6469.11},{"text":"in","start":6469.11,"end":6469.19},{"text":"conjunction","start":6469.19,"end":6469.75},{"text":"with","start":6469.75,"end":6469.95},{"text":"paragraph","start":6469.95,"end":6470.39},{"text":"three.","start":6470.39,"end":6470.71}]},{"text":"I thank you.","start":6471.51,"end":6471.91,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":6471.51,"end":6471.59},{"text":"thank","start":6471.59,"end":6471.83},{"text":"you.","start":6471.83,"end":6471.91}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"BEL","group":null,"function":null,"affiliation_full":"Belgium"}},{"statement_number":51,"start":6473.67,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1t/k1t48lttgq?t=1:47:54","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Let me thank the distinguished representative of Belgium for commenting on the text and also on proposals made by other delegations.","start":6473.67,"end":6482.31,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Let","start":6473.67,"end":6473.79},{"text":"me","start":6473.79,"end":6473.99},{"text":"thank","start":6473.99,"end":6474.23},{"text":"the","start":6474.23,"end":6474.31},{"text":"distinguished","start":6474.31,"end":6474.83},{"text":"representative","start":6474.83,"end":6475.51},{"text":"of","start":6475.55,"end":6475.67},{"text":"Belgium","start":6475.67,"end":6476.31},{"text":"for","start":6476.39,"end":6476.71},{"text":"commenting","start":6476.71,"end":6477.43},{"text":"on","start":6477.43,"end":6477.67},{"text":"the","start":6477.67,"end":6477.75},{"text":"text","start":6477.75,"end":6478.15},{"text":"and","start":6478.15,"end":6478.51},{"text":"also","start":6479.91,"end":6480.27},{"text":"on","start":6480.27,"end":6480.39},{"text":"proposals","start":6480.39,"end":6480.87},{"text":"made","start":6480.87,"end":6481.03},{"text":"by","start":6481.03,"end":6481.23},{"text":"other","start":6481.23,"end":6481.39},{"text":"delegations.","start":6481.39,"end":6482.31}]},{"text":"Next on my list is Austria to be followed by Norway.","start":6482.55,"end":6486.39,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next","start":6482.55,"end":6482.87},{"text":"on","start":6482.87,"end":6482.95},{"text":"my","start":6482.95,"end":6483.35},{"text":"list","start":6483.35,"end":6483.83},{"text":"is","start":6483.91,"end":6484.23},{"text":"Austria","start":6484.31,"end":6484.79},{"text":"to","start":6484.79,"end":6484.99},{"text":"be","start":6484.99,"end":6485.11},{"text":"followed","start":6485.11,"end":6485.75},{"text":"by","start":6485.75,"end":6485.91},{"text":"Norway.","start":6485.91,"end":6486.39}]},{"text":"But let me first pass the floor to the distinguished representative of Austria.","start":6486.39,"end":6489.55,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"But","start":6486.39,"end":6486.55},{"text":"let","start":6486.55,"end":6486.67},{"text":"me","start":6486.67,"end":6486.79},{"text":"first","start":6486.79,"end":6487.11},{"text":"pass","start":6487.11,"end":6487.35},{"text":"the","start":6487.35,"end":6487.43},{"text":"floor","start":6487.43,"end":6487.59},{"text":"to","start":6487.59,"end":6487.67},{"text":"the","start":6487.67,"end":6487.75},{"text":"distinguished","start":6487.75,"end":6488.31},{"text":"representative","start":6488.31,"end":6488.95},{"text":"of","start":6488.95,"end":6489.03},{"text":"Austria.","start":6489.03,"end":6489.55}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":null,"group":null,"function":"Chair","affiliation_full":null}},{"statement_number":52,"start":6489.55,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1t/k1t48lttgq?t=1:48:10","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you very much and sorry for taking the floor a second time.","start":6489.55,"end":6495.03,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":6489.55,"end":6489.71},{"text":"you","start":6491.75,"end":6491.87},{"text":"very","start":6491.87,"end":6492.11},{"text":"much","start":6492.11,"end":6492.35},{"text":"and","start":6492.35,"end":6492.63},{"text":"sorry","start":6493.35,"end":6493.59},{"text":"for","start":6493.59,"end":6493.83},{"text":"taking","start":6493.83,"end":6494.07},{"text":"the","start":6494.07,"end":6494.15},{"text":"floor","start":6494.15,"end":6494.43},{"text":"a","start":6494.43,"end":6494.47},{"text":"second","start":6494.47,"end":6494.71},{"text":"time.","start":6494.71,"end":6495.03}]},{"text":"We would like to focus on the two issues, the lethal and also some other elements that have been suggested this morning and have some quick reactions on what other delegations have said on these two points.","start":6495.03,"end":6508.95,"topics":[{"key":"lethality-definition","label":"Definition of Lethality","description":"A central issue was whether and how to explain the term \"lethal\" in the draft text. 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Several speakers emphasized that human involvement and system design must preserve legal responsibility under IHL."}],"words":[{"text":"So","start":6591.59,"end":6591.99},{"text":"this","start":6592.31,"end":6592.47},{"text":"is","start":6592.47,"end":6592.63},{"text":"not","start":6592.63,"end":6592.79},{"text":"per","start":6592.79,"end":6593.03},{"text":"se","start":6593.03,"end":6593.23},{"text":"an","start":6593.23,"end":6593.35},{"text":"idea","start":6593.35,"end":6593.83},{"text":"that","start":6593.83,"end":6594.23},{"text":"non-lethal","start":6594.31,"end":6594.79},{"text":"weapons","start":6594.79,"end":6595.15},{"text":"should","start":6595.15,"end":6595.35},{"text":"not","start":6595.35,"end":6595.59},{"text":"be","start":6595.59,"end":6595.75},{"text":"included","start":6595.75,"end":6596.39},{"text":"in","start":6596.39,"end":6596.63},{"text":"IHL","start":6596.63,"end":6597.03},{"text":"instruments,","start":6597.03,"end":6597.87},{"text":"so","start":6597.87,"end":6597.95},{"text":"this","start":6597.95,"end":6598.15},{"text":"logic","start":6598.15,"end":6598.63},{"text":"must","start":6599.43,"end":6599.75},{"text":"be","start":6599.75,"end":6599.87},{"text":"dismissed.","start":6599.87,"end":6600.55}]},{"text":"The second question that we must pose to ourselves here is that what is a non-lethal autonomous weapon systems and for what purpose would it be used?","start":6601.39,"end":6608.75,"topics":[{"key":"lethality-definition","label":"Definition of Lethality","description":"A central issue was whether and how to explain the term \"lethal\" in the draft text. 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Delegations discussed whether lethality should refer to capacity, capability, design, or intent, and whether it should cover killing, injury, and damage to objects."}],"words":[{"text":"in","start":6620.23,"end":6620.47},{"text":"international","start":6620.55,"end":6621.75},{"text":"law,","start":6621.91,"end":6622.31},{"text":"and","start":6622.31,"end":6622.59},{"text":"that","start":6622.59,"end":6622.91},{"text":"therefore","start":6622.91,"end":6623.43},{"text":"it","start":6623.79,"end":6623.87},{"text":"would","start":6623.91,"end":6624.15},{"text":"be","start":6624.15,"end":6624.31},{"text":"a","start":6624.39,"end":6624.43},{"text":"quite","start":6624.43,"end":6624.71},{"text":"novel","start":6624.71,"end":6625.19},{"text":"thing","start":6625.19,"end":6625.51},{"text":"to","start":6625.51,"end":6625.75},{"text":"do","start":6625.75,"end":6625.99},{"text":"here.","start":6625.99,"end":6626.31}]},{"text":"And we should be very aware here that we are going into new grounds here on how to interpret IHL and setting kind of a new barrier on weapon systems and actually a new category or even a new separation between weapons that should be non-lethal and lethal, going away from those a few examples that you already know, and putting it into the middle of warfare, just to set this out as well.","start":6626.39,"end":6656.07,"topics":[{"key":"lethality-definition","label":"Definition of Lethality","description":"A central issue was whether and how to explain the term \"lethal\" in the draft text. 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Delegations discussed whether lethality should refer to capacity, capability, design, or intent, and whether it should cover killing, injury, and damage to objects."}],"words":[{"text":"Then","start":6698.51,"end":6698.67},{"text":"we","start":6698.67,"end":6698.83},{"text":"also","start":6698.83,"end":6698.99},{"text":"wanted","start":6698.99,"end":6699.31},{"text":"to","start":6699.31,"end":6699.43},{"text":"react","start":6699.43,"end":6700.03},{"text":"to","start":6700.19,"end":6700.63},{"text":"the","start":6700.63,"end":6700.71},{"text":"idea","start":6700.71,"end":6701.39},{"text":"introduced","start":6702.75,"end":6703.31},{"text":"by","start":6703.31,"end":6703.63},{"text":"Israel","start":6703.63,"end":6704.03},{"text":"and","start":6704.03,"end":6704.15},{"text":"Singapore","start":6704.15,"end":6704.75},{"text":"to","start":6704.75,"end":6704.91},{"text":"use","start":6704.91,"end":6705.47},{"text":"the","start":6705.47,"end":6705.55},{"text":"word","start":6705.59,"end":6705.83},{"text":"to","start":6705.83,"end":6705.95},{"text":"be","start":6705.95,"end":6706.11},{"text":"designed.","start":6706.11,"end":6706.67}]},{"text":"there are two problems.","start":6707.99,"end":6710.23,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"there","start":6707.99,"end":6708.39},{"text":"are","start":6708.39,"end":6708.63},{"text":"two","start":6709.43,"end":6709.63},{"text":"problems.","start":6709.63,"end":6710.23}]},{"text":"I mean, the first one is that we have the experience that this creates a loophole, that you can have a weapon systems that is not per se designed, um, to be, uh, lethal or to kill or injure, uh, but there are still possibilities and ways to use it.","start":6710.31,"end":6728.55,"topics":[{"key":"lethality-definition","label":"Definition of Lethality","description":"A central issue was whether and how to explain the term \"lethal\" in the draft text. 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Speakers also discussed how to anchor the characterization within the scope, objectives, or application of the CCW."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":6811.27,"end":6811.47},{"text":"is","start":6811.47,"end":6811.63},{"text":"a","start":6811.63,"end":6811.67},{"text":"large","start":6811.67,"end":6812.07},{"text":"limiting","start":6812.07,"end":6812.71},{"text":"of","start":6813.67,"end":6813.91},{"text":"our","start":6813.99,"end":6814.11},{"text":"work.","start":6814.11,"end":6814.63}]},{"text":"And it is also changing its nature after 10 years.","start":6815.99,"end":6819.59,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":6815.99,"end":6816.19},{"text":"it","start":6816.19,"end":6816.31},{"text":"is","start":6816.31,"end":6816.47},{"text":"also","start":6816.47,"end":6816.75},{"text":"changing","start":6816.75,"end":6817.59},{"text":"its","start":6817.75,"end":6817.99},{"text":"nature","start":6817.99,"end":6818.55},{"text":"after","start":6818.55,"end":6818.87},{"text":"10","start":6818.87,"end":6819.19},{"text":"years.","start":6819.19,"end":6819.59}]},{"text":"And this is something that we would not see in general a good faith effort to be, again, a little bit more honest about how we see this.","start":6819.75,"end":6831.27,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":6819.75,"end":6819.95},{"text":"this","start":6819.95,"end":6820.15},{"text":"is","start":6820.15,"end":6820.27},{"text":"something","start":6820.27,"end":6820.71},{"text":"that","start":6820.71,"end":6820.95},{"text":"we","start":6821.03,"end":6821.35},{"text":"would","start":6821.35,"end":6821.59},{"text":"not","start":6821.59,"end":6821.95},{"text":"see","start":6821.95,"end":6822.15},{"text":"in","start":6822.39,"end":6822.63},{"text":"general","start":6823.11,"end":6823.67},{"text":"a","start":6824.55,"end":6824.63},{"text":"good","start":6824.63,"end":6824.87},{"text":"faith","start":6824.87,"end":6825.07},{"text":"effort","start":6825.11,"end":6825.55},{"text":"to","start":6825.55,"end":6825.67},{"text":"be,","start":6825.67,"end":6825.99},{"text":"again,","start":6826.07,"end":6826.47},{"text":"a","start":6826.55,"end":6826.63},{"text":"little","start":6826.63,"end":6826.87},{"text":"bit","start":6826.87,"end":6827.03},{"text":"more","start":6827.03,"end":6827.35},{"text":"honest","start":6829.03,"end":6829.67},{"text":"about","start":6829.67,"end":6830.07},{"text":"how","start":6830.31,"end":6830.55},{"text":"we","start":6830.55,"end":6830.71},{"text":"see","start":6830.71,"end":6830.91},{"text":"this.","start":6830.91,"end":6831.27}]},{"text":"There are other designed objects.","start":6834.87,"end":6837.43,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"There","start":6834.87,"end":6835.11},{"text":"are","start":6835.11,"end":6835.43},{"text":"other","start":6835.43,"end":6835.67},{"text":"designed","start":6835.67,"end":6836.31},{"text":"objects.","start":6836.91,"end":6837.43}]},{"text":"I mean, mines are also defined as designed to be used under Amenda Protocol 2, but they, of course, they include the damage element, and this goes then probably in the direction of the proposal of the Chair, that if we, when we use this kind of element, then we are going into a very broad definition, but something that is very important.","start":6837.43,"end":6864.63,"topics":[{"key":"lethality-definition","label":"Definition of Lethality","description":"A central issue was whether and how to explain the term \"lethal\" in the draft text. 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keep in mind is that Amended Protocol II has very strong general provisions that apply not only to anti-personnel mines, but to all kind of objects that are regulated under Amended Protocol II, and they go far beyond what we are trying to set up here for the purpose of autonomous weapon 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there is a different quality even to those weapons that are using this kind of definition.","start":6887.03,"end":6893.39,"topics":[{"key":"lethality-definition","label":"Definition of Lethality","description":"A central issue was whether and how to explain the term \"lethal\" in the draft text. 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on my list is Norway to be followed by Japan and Bulgaria, but let me first pass the floor to the distinguished representative of 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us, it's important that the characterization remains fairly broad and that it doesn't define laws too narrowly.","start":6995.07,"end":7002.75,"topics":[{"key":"laws-scope","label":"Scope of the LAWS Characterization","description":"Delegations debated how broadly lethal autonomous weapons systems should be characterized, including whether the text should remain a broad working characterization or be narrowed through exclusions. Speakers also discussed how to anchor the characterization within the scope, objectives, or application of the CCW."}],"words":[{"text":"For","start":6995.07,"end":6995.55},{"text":"us,","start":6995.55,"end":6995.63},{"text":"it's","start":6995.63,"end":6995.87},{"text":"important","start":6995.87,"end":6996.31},{"text":"that","start":6996.31,"end":6996.43},{"text":"the","start":6996.43,"end":6996.51},{"text":"characterization","start":6996.51,"end":6997.71},{"text":"remains","start":6998.35,"end":6998.83},{"text":"fairly","start":6998.83,"end":6999.15},{"text":"broad","start":6999.15,"end":6999.51},{"text":"and","start":6999.51,"end":6999.67},{"text":"that","start":6999.67,"end":6999.79},{"text":"it","start":6999.79,"end":6999.87},{"text":"doesn't","start":7000.75,"end":7001.07},{"text":"define","start":7001.07,"end":7001.63},{"text":"laws","start":7001.63,"end":7001.95},{"text":"too","start":7001.95,"end":7002.11},{"text":"narrowly.","start":7002.11,"end":7002.75}]},{"text":"As we see it, the kinds of measures and regulations that we have identified so far in this document could, in principle, apply to all weapons systems.","start":7003.63,"end":7011.67,"topics":[{"key":"laws-scope","label":"Scope of the LAWS Characterization","description":"Delegations debated how broadly lethal autonomous weapons systems should be characterized, including whether the text should remain a broad working characterization or be narrowed through exclusions. 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Speakers also discussed how to anchor the characterization within the scope, objectives, or application of the CCW."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":7059.71,"end":7059.87},{"text":"simply","start":7059.87,"end":7060.19},{"text":"defines","start":7060.19,"end":7060.63},{"text":"the","start":7060.63,"end":7060.71},{"text":"scope","start":7060.71,"end":7061.15},{"text":"of,","start":7061.15,"end":7061.39},{"text":"uh,","start":7061.39,"end":7061.47},{"text":"what","start":7061.71,"end":7062.11},{"text":"we","start":7062.11,"end":7062.43},{"text":"are","start":7062.51,"end":7062.67},{"text":"addressing","start":7062.67,"end":7063.15},{"text":"in","start":7063.15,"end":7063.23},{"text":"this","start":7063.23,"end":7063.39},{"text":"prospective","start":7063.39,"end":7064.27},{"text":"instrument.","start":7064.27,"end":7064.91}]},{"text":"Against that backdrop, we would be in favor of simply deleting the characteristic that laws be able to identify targets autonomously and at the very least 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other words, that we not have a commutative approach where the system needs to both identify and select a target autonomously to be a laws.","start":7078.59,"end":7087.23,"topics":[{"key":"critical-functions","label":"Critical Functions: Identify, Select and Engage","description":"Many statements focused on which functions should define autonomy in weapons systems, especially whether \"identify\" should be retained alongside \"select\" and \"engage.\" Delegations disagreed over a cumulative approach versus a broader formulation and used operational examples to clarify the 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can of course do both, which would still make it fall within the characterization, but it shouldn't have to.","start":7087.87,"end":7093.31,"topics":[{"key":"critical-functions","label":"Critical Functions: Identify, Select and Engage","description":"Many statements focused on which functions should define autonomy in weapons systems, especially whether \"identify\" should be retained alongside \"select\" and \"engage.\" Delegations disagreed over a cumulative approach versus a broader formulation and used operational examples to clarify the 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weapon that could only select and engage a target autonomously should be excluded from the scope of laws.","start":7095.11,"end":7103.15,"topics":[{"key":"critical-functions","label":"Critical Functions: Identify, Select and Engage","description":"Many statements focused on which functions should define autonomy in weapons systems, especially whether \"identify\" should be retained alongside \"select\" and \"engage.\" Delegations disagreed over a cumulative approach versus a broader formulation and used operational examples to clarify the 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we're also not quite clear on the meaning of identifying this context.","start":7104.63,"end":7108.35,"topics":[{"key":"critical-functions","label":"Critical Functions: Identify, Select and Engage","description":"Many statements focused on which functions should define autonomy in weapons systems, especially whether \"identify\" should be retained alongside \"select\" and \"engage.\" Delegations disagreed over a cumulative approach versus a broader formulation and used operational examples to clarify the 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text should remain a broad working characterization or be narrowed through exclusions. Speakers also discussed how to anchor the characterization within the scope, objectives, or application of the CCW."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":7109.35,"end":7109.47},{"text":"we","start":7109.47,"end":7109.71},{"text":"see","start":7109.71,"end":7109.91},{"text":"it,","start":7109.91,"end":7109.99},{"text":"narrowing","start":7109.99,"end":7110.43},{"text":"the","start":7110.43,"end":7110.51},{"text":"scope","start":7110.51,"end":7110.91},{"text":"with","start":7110.91,"end":7111.07},{"text":"a","start":7111.07,"end":7111.15},{"text":"cumulative","start":7111.15,"end":7111.67},{"text":"approach","start":7111.67,"end":7112.19},{"text":"could","start":7112.19,"end":7112.43},{"text":"make","start":7112.43,"end":7112.63},{"text":"it","start":7112.63,"end":7112.95},{"text":"too","start":7112.95,"end":7113.15},{"text":"easy","start":7113.15,"end":7113.43},{"text":"to","start":7113.43,"end":7113.63},{"text":"circumvent","start":7113.63,"end":7114.43},{"text":"the","start":7114.43,"end":7114.55},{"text":"characterization.","start":7114.55,"end":7115.39}]},{"text":"On the issue of lethality, we believe that a definition would be useful to build a common understanding of what this means in the context of laws.","start":7116.95,"end":7123.95,"topics":[{"key":"lethality-definition","label":"Definition of Lethality","description":"A central issue was whether and how to explain the term \"lethal\" in the draft text. Delegations discussed whether lethality should refer to capacity, capability, design, or intent, and whether it should cover killing, injury, and damage to objects."}],"words":[{"text":"On","start":7116.95,"end":7117.15},{"text":"the","start":7117.15,"end":7117.27},{"text":"issue","start":7117.27,"end":7117.59},{"text":"of","start":7117.59,"end":7117.67},{"text":"lethality,","start":7117.67,"end":7118.51},{"text":"we","start":7118.51,"end":7118.67},{"text":"believe","start":7118.67,"end":7118.95},{"text":"that","start":7118.95,"end":7119.23},{"text":"a","start":7119.23,"end":7119.39},{"text":"definition","start":7119.39,"end":7120.03},{"text":"would","start":7120.03,"end":7120.23},{"text":"be","start":7120.23,"end":7120.35},{"text":"useful","start":7120.35,"end":7120.83},{"text":"to","start":7120.83,"end":7120.91},{"text":"build","start":7120.91,"end":7121.19},{"text":"a","start":7121.19,"end":7121.23},{"text":"common","start":7121.23,"end":7121.43},{"text":"understanding","start":7121.43,"end":7121.95},{"text":"of","start":7121.95,"end":7122.03},{"text":"what","start":7122.03,"end":7122.19},{"text":"this","start":7122.19,"end":7122.43},{"text":"means","start":7122.43,"end":7122.75},{"text":"in","start":7122.75,"end":7122.83},{"text":"the","start":7122.83,"end":7122.91},{"text":"context","start":7122.91,"end":7123.35},{"text":"of","start":7123.35,"end":7123.47},{"text":"laws.","start":7123.47,"end":7123.95}]},{"text":"And at first glance, the definition that you have provided us with in the new paragraph 2 looks like something that we could go along with.","start":7124.35,"end":7131.35,"topics":[{"key":"lethality-definition","label":"Definition of Lethality","description":"A central issue was whether and how to explain the term \"lethal\" in the draft text. Delegations discussed whether lethality should refer to capacity, capability, design, or intent, and whether it should cover killing, injury, and damage to objects."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":7124.35,"end":7124.83},{"text":"at","start":7124.83,"end":7124.91},{"text":"first","start":7124.91,"end":7125.23},{"text":"glance,","start":7125.23,"end":7125.55},{"text":"the","start":7125.55,"end":7125.67},{"text":"definition","start":7125.67,"end":7126.15},{"text":"that","start":7126.15,"end":7126.27},{"text":"you","start":7126.27,"end":7126.43},{"text":"have","start":7126.43,"end":7126.55},{"text":"provided","start":7126.55,"end":7127.23},{"text":"us","start":7127.23,"end":7127.55},{"text":"with","start":7127.55,"end":7127.87},{"text":"in","start":7127.87,"end":7127.95},{"text":"the","start":7127.95,"end":7128.07},{"text":"new","start":7128.07,"end":7128.27},{"text":"paragraph","start":7128.27,"end":7128.67},{"text":"2","start":7128.67,"end":7128.99},{"text":"looks","start":7129.31,"end":7129.71},{"text":"like","start":7129.71,"end":7129.87},{"text":"something","start":7129.87,"end":7130.19},{"text":"that","start":7130.19,"end":7130.35},{"text":"we","start":7130.35,"end":7130.51},{"text":"could","start":7130.51,"end":7130.67},{"text":"go","start":7130.67,"end":7130.91},{"text":"along","start":7130.91,"end":7131.15},{"text":"with.","start":7131.15,"end":7131.35}]},{"text":"It makes clear that laws encompass those weapon systems that are not only designed to kill humans, but weapon systems more broadly that could be used for this purpose or to have that effect, including those that can be used to damage objects.","start":7131.79,"end":7144.67,"topics":[{"key":"lethality-definition","label":"Definition of Lethality","description":"A central issue was whether and how to explain the term \"lethal\" in the draft text. 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Speakers also discussed how to anchor the characterization within the scope, objectives, or application of the CCW."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":7153.15,"end":7153.47},{"text":"we","start":7153.47,"end":7153.79},{"text":"agree","start":7154.27,"end":7154.67},{"text":"that","start":7154.67,"end":7154.83},{"text":"those","start":7154.83,"end":7155.07},{"text":"kinds","start":7155.07,"end":7155.39},{"text":"of","start":7155.39,"end":7155.47},{"text":"objects","start":7155.47,"end":7155.79},{"text":"are","start":7155.79,"end":7155.87},{"text":"not","start":7155.87,"end":7156.03},{"text":"the","start":7156.03,"end":7156.15},{"text":"concern","start":7156.15,"end":7156.63},{"text":"of","start":7156.63,"end":7156.75},{"text":"this","start":7156.75,"end":7157.07},{"text":"GGE.","start":7157.15,"end":7157.87}]},{"text":"But this is where your definition is quite clever, because the last clause, which reads, \"includes weapons that can be used to damage and destroy objects,\" it makes it clear that we're not talking about objects in general, but precisely about weapons.","start":7158.19,"end":7172.03,"topics":[{"key":"lethality-definition","label":"Definition of Lethality","description":"A central issue was whether and how to explain the term \"lethal\" in the draft text. 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Several speakers emphasized that human involvement and system design must preserve legal responsibility under IHL."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":7183.39,"end":7183.71},{"text":"as","start":7183.91,"end":7184.03},{"text":"the","start":7184.03,"end":7184.15},{"text":"ICRC","start":7184.15,"end":7185.07},{"text":"succinctly","start":7185.07,"end":7185.59},{"text":"pointed","start":7185.59,"end":7185.95},{"text":"out,","start":7185.95,"end":7186.35},{"text":"IHL","start":7186.59,"end":7186.99},{"text":"addresses","start":7186.99,"end":7187.47},{"text":"more","start":7187.47,"end":7187.71},{"text":"than","start":7187.71,"end":7187.87},{"text":"just","start":7187.87,"end":7188.27},{"text":"that.","start":7188.27,"end":7188.67}]},{"text":"So if the intention is indeed to narrow this characterization down to anti-personnel systems only, we really would like to understand the rationale for that better.","start":7189.31,"end":7196.83,"topics":[{"key":"laws-scope","label":"Scope of the LAWS Characterization","description":"Delegations debated how broadly lethal autonomous weapons systems should be characterized, including whether the text should remain a broad working characterization or be narrowed through exclusions. 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Delegations discussed whether lethality should refer to capacity, capability, design, or intent, and whether it should cover killing, injury, and damage to objects."}],"words":[{"text":"One","start":7211.03,"end":7211.27},{"text":"could","start":7211.27,"end":7211.51},{"text":"be","start":7211.51,"end":7211.67},{"text":"to","start":7211.67,"end":7211.87},{"text":"simply","start":7211.87,"end":7212.23},{"text":"say","start":7212.23,"end":7212.39},{"text":"that","start":7212.39,"end":7212.79},{"text":"lethal","start":7212.79,"end":7213.19},{"text":"means","start":7213.19,"end":7213.75},{"text":"that","start":7213.75,"end":7213.95},{"text":"the","start":7213.95,"end":7214.07},{"text":"weapon","start":7214.07,"end":7214.43},{"text":"has","start":7214.43,"end":7214.63},{"text":"the","start":7214.63,"end":7214.75},{"text":"capacity","start":7214.75,"end":7215.35},{"text":"to,","start":7215.35,"end":7215.67},{"text":"and","start":7216.07,"end":7216.27},{"text":"so","start":7216.27,"end":7216.47},{"text":"forth.","start":7216.47,"end":7216.71}]},{"text":"On the issue of whether we should explain, uh, lethal weapons as a, uh, in a separate paragraph or just as part of the characterization in paragraph one, uh, we're open to both solutions, uh, I think for our discussions now, it's maybe convenient to have it split and not sort of overburden the characterization in, in, in paragraph, uh, one, which, uh, also has some issues that we need to sort out.","start":7218.47,"end":7240.39,"topics":[{"key":"lethality-definition","label":"Definition of Lethality","description":"A central issue was whether and how to explain the term \"lethal\" in the draft text. 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Italy.","start":7300.95,"end":7304.79,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next","start":7300.95,"end":7301.39},{"text":"on","start":7301.39,"end":7301.47},{"text":"my","start":7301.51,"end":7301.75},{"text":"list","start":7301.75,"end":7302.07},{"text":"is","start":7302.07,"end":7302.23},{"text":"Japan,","start":7302.23,"end":7302.87},{"text":"to","start":7302.87,"end":7302.99},{"text":"be","start":7302.99,"end":7303.19},{"text":"followed","start":7303.19,"end":7303.43},{"text":"by","start":7303.43,"end":7303.59},{"text":"Bulgaria","start":7303.59,"end":7304.19},{"text":"and","start":7304.19,"end":7304.35},{"text":"Italy.","start":7304.35,"end":7304.79}]},{"text":"But let me first pass the floor to the distinguished representative of Japan.","start":7304.79,"end":7308.47,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"But","start":7304.79,"end":7304.95},{"text":"let","start":7304.95,"end":7305.07},{"text":"me","start":7305.07,"end":7305.19},{"text":"first","start":7305.19,"end":7305.43},{"text":"pass","start":7305.43,"end":7305.75},{"text":"the","start":7305.75,"end":7305.83},{"text":"floor","start":7305.83,"end":7306.07},{"text":"to","start":7306.07,"end":7306.15},{"text":"the","start":7306.15,"end":7306.23},{"text":"distinguished","start":7306.23,"end":7306.87},{"text":"representative","start":7306.87,"end":7307.59},{"text":"of","start":7307.59,"end":7307.75},{"text":"Japan.","start":7307.75,"end":7308.47}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":null,"group":null,"function":"Chair","affiliation_full":null}},{"statement_number":56,"start":7311.27,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1t/k1t48lttgq?t=2:01:52","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Mr. Chair.","start":7311.27,"end":7312.07,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":7311.27,"end":7311.43},{"text":"you,","start":7311.43,"end":7311.55},{"text":"Mr.","start":7311.55,"end":7311.79},{"text":"Chair.","start":7311.79,"end":7312.07}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"First, Japan would like to join others to thank you and your team for your leadership in guiding our discussion forward and providing us with a revised version of the rolling 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on lethality, We also think that it is part of the mandate and provides important focus of the work of this GGE as articulated by several delegations who took the floor before us.","start":7323.59,"end":7335.31,"topics":[{"key":"lethality-definition","label":"Definition of Lethality","description":"A central issue was whether and how to explain the term \"lethal\" in the draft text. Delegations discussed whether lethality should refer to capacity, capability, design, or intent, and whether it should cover killing, injury, and damage to objects."}],"words":[{"text":"First,","start":7323.59,"end":7324.07},{"text":"on","start":7324.15,"end":7324.27},{"text":"lethality,","start":7324.27,"end":7325.03},{"text":"We","start":7326.03,"end":7326.19},{"text":"also","start":7326.19,"end":7326.43},{"text":"think","start":7326.43,"end":7326.71},{"text":"that","start":7326.71,"end":7326.83},{"text":"it","start":7326.83,"end":7326.91},{"text":"is","start":7326.91,"end":7327.15},{"text":"part","start":7327.15,"end":7327.47},{"text":"of","start":7327.47,"end":7327.55},{"text":"the","start":7327.55,"end":7327.63},{"text":"mandate","start":7327.63,"end":7328.19},{"text":"and","start":7328.43,"end":7328.55},{"text":"provides","start":7328.55,"end":7328.99},{"text":"important","start":7328.99,"end":7329.55},{"text":"focus","start":7329.55,"end":7330.19},{"text":"of","start":7330.27,"end":7330.35},{"text":"the","start":7330.35,"end":7330.47},{"text":"work","start":7330.47,"end":7330.67},{"text":"of","start":7330.67,"end":7330.75},{"text":"this","start":7330.75,"end":7330.91},{"text":"GGE","start":7330.91,"end":7331.63},{"text":"as","start":7331.71,"end":7331.87},{"text":"articulated","start":7331.87,"end":7332.47},{"text":"by","start":7332.47,"end":7332.59},{"text":"several","start":7332.59,"end":7332.95},{"text":"delegations","start":7332.95,"end":7333.67},{"text":"who","start":7333.67,"end":7333.75},{"text":"took","start":7333.75,"end":7333.99},{"text":"the","start":7333.99,"end":7334.11},{"text":"floor","start":7334.43,"end":7334.67},{"text":"before","start":7334.67,"end":7335.07},{"text":"us.","start":7335.07,"end":7335.31}]},{"text":"Our preference is to have a reference in paragraph 1, but we have carefully listened to other delegations and we are open to working on description.","start":7336.59,"end":7346.11,"topics":[{"key":"lethality-definition","label":"Definition of Lethality","description":"A central issue was whether and how to explain the term \"lethal\" in the draft text. 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Several delegations also stressed the importance of timing, proposing language such as \"once activated\" or \"without further intervention\" to capture the temporal dimension of autonomy."}],"words":[{"text":"Uh,","start":7405.83,"end":7405.87},{"text":"we","start":7405.87,"end":7406.07},{"text":"support","start":7406.07,"end":7406.43},{"text":"the","start":7406.43,"end":7406.63},{"text":"introduction","start":7406.71,"end":7407.35},{"text":"of,","start":7407.39,"end":7407.59},{"text":"uh,","start":7407.91,"end":7407.95},{"text":"CAN","start":7407.95,"end":7408.39},{"text":"instead","start":7408.39,"end":7408.75},{"text":"of","start":7408.75,"end":7409.03},{"text":"that","start":7409.03,"end":7409.31},{"text":"enables,","start":7409.31,"end":7409.99},{"text":"enables","start":7410.43,"end":7410.79},{"text":"the","start":7410.79,"end":7410.87},{"text":"system.","start":7410.87,"end":7411.35}]},{"text":"I guess we can support the native speakers, namely Australia and US on the comma after technological components.","start":7412.43,"end":7420.35,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":7412.43,"end":7412.67},{"text":"guess","start":7412.67,"end":7412.91},{"text":"we","start":7412.91,"end":7413.03},{"text":"can","start":7413.03,"end":7413.19},{"text":"support","start":7413.19,"end":7413.55},{"text":"the","start":7413.55,"end":7413.87},{"text":"native","start":7413.95,"end":7414.27},{"text":"speakers,","start":7414.27,"end":7414.99},{"text":"namely","start":7415.31,"end":7416.03},{"text":"Australia","start":7416.75,"end":7417.23},{"text":"and","start":7417.23,"end":7417.55},{"text":"US","start":7417.55,"end":7417.83},{"text":"on","start":7417.83,"end":7417.95},{"text":"the","start":7417.95,"end":7418.03},{"text":"comma","start":7418.03,"end":7418.51},{"text":"after","start":7418.51,"end":7418.99},{"text":"technological","start":7418.99,"end":7419.63},{"text":"components.","start":7419.63,"end":7420.35}]},{"text":"Still on para one, we would prefer the inclusion of further before intervention.","start":7422.43,"end":7426.99,"topics":[{"key":"human-control","label":"Human Control and Temporal Aspects","description":"Speakers examined how to reflect human involvement in the operation of autonomous weapons, including references to human users, operators, control, and intervention. 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Several delegations also stressed the importance of timing, proposing language such as \"once activated\" or \"without further intervention\" to capture the temporal dimension of autonomy."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":7427.31,"end":7427.79},{"text":"we","start":7427.87,"end":7428.03},{"text":"can","start":7428.03,"end":7428.19},{"text":"also","start":7428.19,"end":7428.43},{"text":"support","start":7428.43,"end":7428.99},{"text":"the","start":7428.99,"end":7429.23},{"text":"proposal","start":7429.23,"end":7429.71},{"text":"by","start":7429.71,"end":7429.83},{"text":"Germany","start":7429.83,"end":7430.43},{"text":"of","start":7430.47,"end":7430.75},{"text":"the","start":7431.15,"end":7431.27},{"text":"introduction","start":7431.27,"end":7431.79},{"text":"of","start":7431.79,"end":7432.03},{"text":"once","start":7432.03,"end":7432.31},{"text":"activated.","start":7432.31,"end":7433.07}]},{"text":"On LITO, we understand the challenge of coming up with a definition.","start":7434.83,"end":7439.87,"topics":[{"key":"lethality-definition","label":"Definition of Lethality","description":"A central issue was whether and how to explain the term \"lethal\" in the draft text. Delegations discussed whether lethality should refer to capacity, capability, design, or intent, and whether it should cover killing, injury, and damage to objects."}],"words":[{"text":"On","start":7434.83,"end":7435.07},{"text":"LITO,","start":7435.07,"end":7435.63},{"text":"we","start":7435.63,"end":7435.91},{"text":"understand","start":7435.91,"end":7436.59},{"text":"the","start":7436.91,"end":7436.99},{"text":"challenge","start":7436.99,"end":7437.63},{"text":"of","start":7437.63,"end":7437.75},{"text":"coming","start":7437.75,"end":7438.11},{"text":"up","start":7438.11,"end":7438.27},{"text":"with","start":7438.27,"end":7438.59},{"text":"a","start":7439.07,"end":7439.15},{"text":"definition.","start":7439.15,"end":7439.87}]},{"text":"And we can work with the current one, however, the formulations, the formulation looks a bit strange 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know it's a very difficult task.","start":7488.99,"end":7491.39,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":7488.99,"end":7489.15},{"text":"know","start":7489.15,"end":7489.39},{"text":"it's","start":7489.71,"end":7490.11},{"text":"a","start":7490.11,"end":7490.19},{"text":"very","start":7490.19,"end":7490.47},{"text":"difficult","start":7490.47,"end":7490.95},{"text":"task.","start":7490.95,"end":7491.39}]},{"text":"Looking at the new proposal, we see that it does not favor the cumulative approach referred to the three critical functions of laws identify, select, and engage, stressing the interventions of different delegations over these days, most recently by the distinguished delegation of China.","start":7492.27,"end":7515.83,"topics":[{"key":"critical-functions","label":"Critical Functions: Identify, Select and Engage","description":"Many statements focused on which functions should define autonomy in weapons systems, especially whether \"identify\" should be retained alongside 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our view, if one of the three phases is replaced by the intervention of the human operator, we are not dealing with the fully autonomous laws.","start":7516.39,"end":7526.31,"topics":[{"key":"critical-functions","label":"Critical Functions: Identify, Select and Engage","description":"Many statements focused on which functions should define autonomy in weapons systems, especially whether \"identify\" should be retained alongside \"select\" and \"engage.\" Delegations disagreed over a cumulative approach versus a broader formulation and used operational examples to clarify the implications."},{"key":"human-control","label":"Human Control and Temporal Aspects","description":"Speakers examined how to reflect human involvement in the operation of autonomous weapons, including references to human users, operators, control, and intervention. Several delegations also stressed the importance of timing, proposing language such as \"once activated\" or \"without further intervention\" to capture the temporal dimension of autonomy."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":7516.39,"end":7516.59},{"text":"our","start":7516.59,"end":7516.79},{"text":"view,","start":7516.79,"end":7517.27},{"text":"if","start":7517.43,"end":7517.75},{"text":"one","start":7517.91,"end":7518.27},{"text":"of","start":7518.27,"end":7518.39},{"text":"the","start":7518.39,"end":7518.51},{"text":"three","start":7518.63,"end":7518.95},{"text":"phases","start":7518.95,"end":7519.59},{"text":"is","start":7519.59,"end":7519.83},{"text":"replaced","start":7519.83,"end":7520.55},{"text":"by","start":7520.55,"end":7520.71},{"text":"the","start":7520.75,"end":7520.83},{"text":"intervention","start":7520.83,"end":7521.71},{"text":"of","start":7521.71,"end":7521.79},{"text":"the","start":7521.79,"end":7521.87},{"text":"human","start":7521.87,"end":7522.23},{"text":"operator,","start":7522.23,"end":7522.95},{"text":"we","start":7523.27,"end":7523.43},{"text":"are","start":7523.43,"end":7523.51},{"text":"not","start":7523.51,"end":7523.83},{"text":"dealing","start":7523.83,"end":7524.31},{"text":"with","start":7524.31,"end":7524.51},{"text":"the","start":7524.51,"end":7524.59},{"text":"fully","start":7524.59,"end":7525.03},{"text":"autonomous","start":7525.03,"end":7525.59},{"text":"laws.","start":7525.59,"end":7526.31}]},{"text":"We do not share the point shared by some distinguished delegation earlier that select conceptually includes identification.","start":7526.71,"end":7536.83,"topics":[{"key":"critical-functions","label":"Critical Functions: Identify, Select and Engage","description":"Many statements focused on which functions should define autonomy in weapons systems, especially whether \"identify\" should be retained alongside \"select\" and \"engage.\" Delegations disagreed over a cumulative approach versus a broader formulation and used operational examples to clarify the implications."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":7526.71,"end":7526.91},{"text":"do","start":7526.91,"end":7526.99},{"text":"not","start":7526.99,"end":7527.15},{"text":"share","start":7527.15,"end":7527.59},{"text":"the","start":7527.59,"end":7527.71},{"text":"point","start":7527.71,"end":7528.47},{"text":"shared","start":7529.11,"end":7529.39},{"text":"by","start":7529.39,"end":7529.51},{"text":"some","start":7529.51,"end":7529.75},{"text":"distinguished","start":7529.75,"end":7530.39},{"text":"delegation","start":7530.39,"end":7531.11},{"text":"earlier","start":7531.11,"end":7531.83},{"text":"that","start":7531.99,"end":7532.31},{"text":"select","start":7532.31,"end":7533.27},{"text":"conceptually","start":7533.75,"end":7534.67},{"text":"includes","start":7534.67,"end":7535.47},{"text":"identification.","start":7535.79,"end":7536.83}]},{"text":"For us, these are two distinctive phases of the process.","start":7537.31,"end":7542.27,"topics":[{"key":"critical-functions","label":"Critical Functions: Identify, Select and Engage","description":"Many statements focused on which functions should define autonomy in weapons systems, especially whether \"identify\" should be retained alongside \"select\" and \"engage.\" Delegations disagreed over a cumulative approach versus a broader formulation and used operational examples to clarify the implications."}],"words":[{"text":"For","start":7537.31,"end":7537.63},{"text":"us,","start":7537.63,"end":7538.03},{"text":"these","start":7538.59,"end":7538.83},{"text":"are","start":7538.83,"end":7538.99},{"text":"two","start":7538.99,"end":7539.31},{"text":"distinctive","start":7539.31,"end":7540.11},{"text":"phases","start":7540.11,"end":7540.99},{"text":"of","start":7541.15,"end":7541.31},{"text":"the","start":7541.31,"end":7541.43},{"text":"process.","start":7541.47,"end":7542.27}]},{"text":"So we reiterate our preference with removing the word \"or\" from the proposed formulation.","start":7542.91,"end":7550.43,"topics":[{"key":"critical-functions","label":"Critical Functions: Identify, Select and Engage","description":"Many statements focused on which functions should define autonomy in weapons systems, especially whether \"identify\" should be retained alongside \"select\" and \"engage.\" Delegations disagreed over a cumulative approach versus a broader formulation and used operational examples to clarify the implications."}],"words":[{"text":"So","start":7542.91,"end":7543.47},{"text":"we","start":7543.47,"end":7543.95},{"text":"reiterate","start":7543.95,"end":7544.59},{"text":"our","start":7544.59,"end":7544.83},{"text":"preference","start":7544.83,"end":7545.55},{"text":"with","start":7545.55,"end":7545.79},{"text":"removing","start":7545.79,"end":7546.35},{"text":"the","start":7546.35,"end":7546.51},{"text":"word","start":7546.51,"end":7547.07},{"text":"\"or\"","start":7547.15,"end":7547.63},{"text":"from","start":7547.79,"end":7548.11},{"text":"the","start":7548.11,"end":7548.23},{"text":"proposed","start":7548.91,"end":7549.47},{"text":"formulation.","start":7549.47,"end":7550.43}]},{"text":"We instead support the inclusion of \"can\" prior to the list of critical functions, even though our preference would be for the wording as the capability to.","start":7550.91,"end":7561.55,"topics":[{"key":"critical-functions","label":"Critical Functions: Identify, Select and Engage","description":"Many statements focused on which functions should define autonomy in weapons systems, especially whether \"identify\" should be retained alongside \"select\" and \"engage.\" Delegations disagreed over a cumulative approach versus a broader formulation and used operational examples to clarify the 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relevant point for us is to add after activation and the further before intervention as stressed a few moments ago by the distinguished delegation of Germany.","start":7562.47,"end":7575.59,"topics":[{"key":"human-control","label":"Human Control and Temporal Aspects","description":"Speakers examined how to reflect human involvement in the operation of autonomous weapons, including references to human users, operators, control, and intervention. Several delegations also stressed the importance of timing, proposing language such as \"once activated\" or \"without further intervention\" to capture the temporal dimension of autonomy."}],"words":[{"text":"Another","start":7562.47,"end":7562.95},{"text":"relevant","start":7562.95,"end":7563.31},{"text":"point","start":7563.31,"end":7563.75},{"text":"for","start":7563.75,"end":7564.11},{"text":"us","start":7564.11,"end":7564.47},{"text":"is","start":7564.71,"end":7565.03},{"text":"to","start":7565.03,"end":7565.27},{"text":"add","start":7565.27,"end":7565.51},{"text":"after","start":7565.59,"end":7566.23},{"text":"activation","start":7566.23,"end":7567.27},{"text":"and","start":7567.51,"end":7567.75},{"text":"the","start":7567.75,"end":7567.83},{"text":"further","start":7567.83,"end":7568.63},{"text":"before","start":7569.03,"end":7569.59},{"text":"intervention","start":7569.59,"end":7570.71},{"text":"as","start":7571.19,"end":7571.43},{"text":"stressed","start":7571.43,"end":7572.07},{"text":"a","start":7572.11,"end":7572.15},{"text":"few","start":7572.15,"end":7572.39},{"text":"moments","start":7572.39,"end":7572.79},{"text":"ago","start":7572.79,"end":7573.11},{"text":"by","start":7573.11,"end":7573.27},{"text":"the","start":7573.27,"end":7573.39},{"text":"distinguished","start":7573.39,"end":7573.99},{"text":"delegation","start":7573.99,"end":7574.79},{"text":"of","start":7574.79,"end":7575.03},{"text":"Germany.","start":7575.03,"end":7575.59}]},{"text":"Finally, on lethality, in light of our mandate, we continue to be open to formulation of LIDL as we heard earlier this morning that places at the center the injury to humans excluding objects that are not connected, even indirectly, to the possibility of causing damage to human health and ultimately death.","start":7576.39,"end":7601.43,"topics":[{"key":"lethality-definition","label":"Definition of Lethality","description":"A central issue was whether and how to explain the term \"lethal\" in the draft text. Delegations discussed whether lethality should refer to capacity, capability, design, or intent, and whether it should cover killing, injury, and damage to objects."},{"key":"ihl-compliance","label":"International Humanitarian Law and Responsibility","description":"Delegations repeatedly linked the characterization of autonomous weapons to existing international humanitarian law, including protection of civilians, injury, attacks on objects, and accountability for use. Several speakers emphasized that human involvement and system design must preserve legal responsibility under IHL."}],"words":[{"text":"Finally,","start":7576.39,"end":7577.11},{"text":"on","start":7577.35,"end":7577.51},{"text":"lethality,","start":7577.51,"end":7578.39},{"text":"in","start":7578.63,"end":7578.75},{"text":"light","start":7578.79,"end":7579.07},{"text":"of","start":7579.07,"end":7579.19},{"text":"our","start":7579.19,"end":7579.43},{"text":"mandate,","start":7579.43,"end":7580.15},{"text":"we","start":7580.55,"end":7580.71},{"text":"continue","start":7580.71,"end":7581.19},{"text":"to","start":7581.19,"end":7581.35},{"text":"be","start":7581.35,"end":7581.59},{"text":"open","start":7581.59,"end":7581.91},{"text":"to","start":7581.91,"end":7582.15},{"text":"formulation","start":7582.15,"end":7583.07},{"text":"of","start":7583.07,"end":7583.19},{"text":"LIDL","start":7583.19,"end":7583.91},{"text":"as","start":7584.23,"end":7584.55},{"text":"we","start":7584.55,"end":7584.79},{"text":"heard","start":7584.83,"end":7585.27},{"text":"earlier","start":7585.35,"end":7585.83},{"text":"this","start":7585.83,"end":7585.99},{"text":"morning","start":7585.99,"end":7586.63},{"text":"that","start":7587.03,"end":7587.19},{"text":"places","start":7587.19,"end":7587.83},{"text":"at","start":7587.83,"end":7587.99},{"text":"the","start":7587.99,"end":7588.07},{"text":"center","start":7588.07,"end":7588.87},{"text":"the","start":7588.87,"end":7588.99},{"text":"injury","start":7589.03,"end":7589.59},{"text":"to","start":7589.59,"end":7589.71},{"text":"humans","start":7589.71,"end":7590.47},{"text":"excluding","start":7590.87,"end":7591.59},{"text":"objects","start":7591.59,"end":7592.47},{"text":"that","start":7592.47,"end":7592.71},{"text":"are","start":7592.71,"end":7592.87},{"text":"not","start":7592.87,"end":7593.11},{"text":"connected,","start":7593.27,"end":7594.15},{"text":"even","start":7594.47,"end":7594.87},{"text":"indirectly,","start":7594.87,"end":7595.75},{"text":"to","start":7596.07,"end":7596.19},{"text":"the","start":7596.23,"end":7596.31},{"text":"possibility","start":7596.31,"end":7597.27},{"text":"of","start":7597.35,"end":7597.51},{"text":"causing","start":7597.51,"end":7597.91},{"text":"damage","start":7597.91,"end":7598.39},{"text":"to","start":7598.39,"end":7598.55},{"text":"human","start":7598.55,"end":7598.99},{"text":"health","start":7598.99,"end":7599.39},{"text":"and","start":7599.75,"end":7600.11},{"text":"ultimately","start":7600.11,"end":7600.95},{"text":"death.","start":7601.03,"end":7601.43}]},{"text":"And I thank you, Chair.","start":7601.91,"end":7603.03,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":7601.91,"end":7602.11},{"text":"I","start":7602.11,"end":7602.15},{"text":"thank","start":7602.15,"end":7602.47},{"text":"you,","start":7602.47,"end":7602.55},{"text":"Chair.","start":7602.55,"end":7603.03}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"ITA","group":null,"function":null,"affiliation_full":"Italy"}},{"statement_number":61,"start":7604.79,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1t/k1t48lttgq?t=2:06:45","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Let me thank the distinguished representative of Italy for sharing her views and making comments.","start":7604.79,"end":7611.43,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Let","start":7604.79,"end":7604.91},{"text":"me","start":7604.91,"end":7605.11},{"text":"thank","start":7605.11,"end":7605.39},{"text":"the","start":7605.39,"end":7605.47},{"text":"distinguished","start":7605.47,"end":7606.07},{"text":"representative","start":7606.07,"end":7607.03},{"text":"of","start":7607.03,"end":7607.11},{"text":"Italy","start":7607.11,"end":7607.67},{"text":"for","start":7607.67,"end":7607.91},{"text":"sharing","start":7607.91,"end":7608.47},{"text":"her","start":7608.47,"end":7608.63},{"text":"views","start":7608.63,"end":7609.35},{"text":"and","start":7609.35,"end":7609.67},{"text":"making","start":7610.47,"end":7610.87},{"text":"comments.","start":7610.87,"end":7611.43}]},{"text":"Next on my list is India, to be followed by Singapore.","start":7611.79,"end":7614.79,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next","start":7611.79,"end":7612.07},{"text":"on","start":7612.07,"end":7612.15},{"text":"my","start":7612.15,"end":7612.27},{"text":"list","start":7612.27,"end":7612.63},{"text":"is","start":7612.63,"end":7612.87},{"text":"India,","start":7612.95,"end":7613.27},{"text":"to","start":7613.27,"end":7613.43},{"text":"be","start":7613.43,"end":7613.59},{"text":"followed","start":7613.59,"end":7614.07},{"text":"by","start":7614.07,"end":7614.23},{"text":"Singapore.","start":7614.23,"end":7614.79}]},{"text":"But let me first pass the floor to the distinguished representative of India.","start":7614.79,"end":7618.47,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"But","start":7614.79,"end":7614.91},{"text":"let","start":7614.91,"end":7615.03},{"text":"me","start":7615.03,"end":7615.19},{"text":"first","start":7615.19,"end":7615.51},{"text":"pass","start":7615.51,"end":7615.75},{"text":"the","start":7615.75,"end":7615.83},{"text":"floor","start":7615.83,"end":7616.23},{"text":"to","start":7616.23,"end":7616.39},{"text":"the","start":7616.39,"end":7616.47},{"text":"distinguished","start":7616.47,"end":7617.11},{"text":"representative","start":7617.11,"end":7617.91},{"text":"of","start":7617.91,"end":7617.99},{"text":"India.","start":7617.99,"end":7618.47}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":null,"group":null,"function":"Chair","affiliation_full":null}},{"statement_number":62,"start":7622.31,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1t/k1t48lttgq?t=2:07:03","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Chair, and a very good afternoon.","start":7622.31,"end":7623.95,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":7622.31,"end":7622.55},{"text":"you,","start":7622.55,"end":7622.67},{"text":"Chair,","start":7622.67,"end":7622.87},{"text":"and","start":7622.87,"end":7622.99},{"text":"a","start":7622.99,"end":7623.07},{"text":"very","start":7623.07,"end":7623.31},{"text":"good","start":7623.31,"end":7623.47},{"text":"afternoon.","start":7623.47,"end":7623.95}]},{"text":"At the outset, let me please thank you for providing us the revised text and all the hard work that has gone into 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this point, we will restrict our comments to making textual suggestions because we believe that the focus of our discussions should be to reach consensus on the language of the possible elements of this instrument.","start":7631.31,"end":7642.59,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"At","start":7631.31,"end":7631.47},{"text":"this","start":7631.47,"end":7631.63},{"text":"point,","start":7631.63,"end":7631.95},{"text":"we","start":7631.95,"end":7632.11},{"text":"will","start":7632.11,"end":7632.31},{"text":"restrict","start":7632.31,"end":7632.83},{"text":"our","start":7632.83,"end":7632.91},{"text":"comments","start":7632.91,"end":7633.39},{"text":"to","start":7633.39,"end":7633.47},{"text":"making","start":7633.47,"end":7633.83},{"text":"textual","start":7633.83,"end":7634.35},{"text":"suggestions","start":7634.35,"end":7634.95},{"text":"because","start":7635.07,"end":7635.39},{"text":"we","start":7635.39,"end":7635.47},{"text":"believe","start":7635.47,"end":7635.95},{"text":"that","start":7635.95,"end":7636.07},{"text":"the","start":7636.07,"end":7636.19},{"text":"focus","start":7636.19,"end":7636.59},{"text":"of","start":7636.59,"end":7636.67},{"text":"our","start":7636.67,"end":7636.79},{"text":"discussions","start":7636.79,"end":7637.55},{"text":"should","start":7637.87,"end":7638.19},{"text":"be","start":7638.19,"end":7638.35},{"text":"to","start":7638.35,"end":7638.47},{"text":"reach","start":7638.47,"end":7638.75},{"text":"consensus","start":7638.75,"end":7639.39},{"text":"on","start":7639.39,"end":7639.55},{"text":"the","start":7639.55,"end":7639.63},{"text":"language","start":7639.63,"end":7640.19},{"text":"of","start":7640.51,"end":7640.67},{"text":"the","start":7640.67,"end":7640.79},{"text":"possible","start":7640.79,"end":7641.31},{"text":"elements","start":7641.31,"end":7641.71},{"text":"of","start":7641.71,"end":7641.79},{"text":"this","start":7641.79,"end":7641.95},{"text":"instrument.","start":7641.95,"end":7642.59}]},{"text":"Our comments are hence preliminary and also brief.","start":7643.23,"end":7646.11,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Our","start":7643.23,"end":7643.35},{"text":"comments","start":7643.35,"end":7643.87},{"text":"are","start":7643.87,"end":7644.07},{"text":"hence","start":7644.07,"end":7644.43},{"text":"preliminary","start":7644.43,"end":7645.23},{"text":"and","start":7645.31,"end":7645.51},{"text":"also","start":7645.51,"end":7645.75},{"text":"brief.","start":7645.75,"end":7646.11}]},{"text":"We support the Israeli, Chinese and Singaporean interventions to introduce the element of design, which we feel is essential in the characterisation of laws as we are discussing it in the scope of this GGE.","start":7646.79,"end":7659.67,"topics":[{"key":"laws-scope","label":"Scope of the LAWS Characterization","description":"Delegations debated how broadly lethal autonomous weapons systems should be characterized, including whether the text should remain a broad working characterization or be narrowed through exclusions. Speakers also discussed how to anchor the characterization within the scope, objectives, or application of the CCW."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":7646.79,"end":7646.95},{"text":"support","start":7646.95,"end":7647.27},{"text":"the","start":7647.27,"end":7647.39},{"text":"Israeli,","start":7647.39,"end":7648.07},{"text":"Chinese","start":7648.23,"end":7648.83},{"text":"and","start":7648.83,"end":7649.03},{"text":"Singaporean","start":7649.03,"end":7649.63},{"text":"interventions","start":7649.63,"end":7650.43},{"text":"to","start":7651.03,"end":7651.19},{"text":"introduce","start":7651.19,"end":7651.71},{"text":"the","start":7651.71,"end":7651.87},{"text":"element","start":7651.91,"end":7652.31},{"text":"of","start":7652.31,"end":7652.39},{"text":"design,","start":7652.39,"end":7653.03},{"text":"which","start":7653.27,"end":7653.63},{"text":"we","start":7653.63,"end":7653.83},{"text":"feel","start":7653.83,"end":7654.11},{"text":"is","start":7654.15,"end":7654.31},{"text":"essential","start":7654.31,"end":7654.83},{"text":"in","start":7654.83,"end":7654.95},{"text":"the","start":7654.95,"end":7655.03},{"text":"characterisation","start":7655.03,"end":7656.03},{"text":"of","start":7656.03,"end":7656.23},{"text":"laws","start":7656.23,"end":7656.71},{"text":"as","start":7656.71,"end":7656.95},{"text":"we","start":7656.95,"end":7657.07},{"text":"are","start":7657.07,"end":7657.15},{"text":"discussing","start":7657.15,"end":7657.67},{"text":"it","start":7657.67,"end":7657.91},{"text":"in","start":7658.15,"end":7658.31},{"text":"the","start":7658.31,"end":7658.43},{"text":"scope","start":7658.43,"end":7658.71},{"text":"of","start":7658.71,"end":7658.79},{"text":"this","start":7658.79,"end":7659.03},{"text":"GGE.","start":7659.03,"end":7659.67}]},{"text":"The addition of this element in the characterisation would facilitate the adoption of the text as it exists for my delegation.","start":7660.39,"end":7668.15,"topics":[{"key":"laws-scope","label":"Scope of the LAWS Characterization","description":"Delegations debated how broadly lethal autonomous weapons systems should be characterized, including whether the text should remain a broad working characterization or be narrowed through exclusions. Speakers also discussed how to anchor the characterization within the scope, objectives, or application of the CCW."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":7660.39,"end":7660.59},{"text":"addition","start":7660.59,"end":7661.03},{"text":"of","start":7661.03,"end":7661.19},{"text":"this","start":7661.19,"end":7661.43},{"text":"element","start":7661.43,"end":7661.91},{"text":"in","start":7661.91,"end":7662.07},{"text":"the","start":7662.07,"end":7662.15},{"text":"characterisation","start":7662.15,"end":7663.19},{"text":"would","start":7663.39,"end":7663.55},{"text":"facilitate","start":7663.55,"end":7664.15},{"text":"the","start":7664.15,"end":7664.27},{"text":"adoption","start":7664.27,"end":7664.87},{"text":"of","start":7664.87,"end":7665.03},{"text":"the","start":7665.03,"end":7665.11},{"text":"text","start":7665.11,"end":7665.51},{"text":"as","start":7665.59,"end":7665.91},{"text":"it","start":7665.91,"end":7666.07},{"text":"exists","start":7666.07,"end":7666.95},{"text":"for","start":7666.95,"end":7667.23},{"text":"my","start":7667.23,"end":7667.43},{"text":"delegation.","start":7667.43,"end":7668.15}]},{"text":"Secondly, Chair, we support those delegations that have stressed on the importance of endorsing the cumulative nature of the individual critical functions of identification, selection and engagement without any human intervention for these weapons to be characterized as laws for the purpose of this instrument.","start":7669.19,"end":7689.15,"topics":[{"key":"critical-functions","label":"Critical Functions: Identify, Select and Engage","description":"Many statements focused on which functions should define autonomy in weapons systems, especially whether \"identify\" should be retained alongside \"select\" and \"engage.\" Delegations disagreed over a cumulative approach versus a broader formulation and used operational examples to clarify the implications."},{"key":"human-control","label":"Human Control and Temporal Aspects","description":"Speakers examined how to reflect human involvement in the operation of autonomous weapons, including references to human users, operators, control, and intervention. Several delegations also stressed the importance of timing, proposing language such as \"once activated\" or \"without further intervention\" to capture the temporal dimension of autonomy."}],"words":[{"text":"Secondly,","start":7669.19,"end":7669.75},{"text":"Chair,","start":7669.75,"end":7670.07},{"text":"we","start":7670.47,"end":7670.67},{"text":"support","start":7670.67,"end":7671.07},{"text":"those","start":7671.07,"end":7671.27},{"text":"delegations","start":7671.27,"end":7671.91},{"text":"that","start":7671.91,"end":7672.03},{"text":"have","start":7672.03,"end":7672.15},{"text":"stressed","start":7672.15,"end":7672.71},{"text":"on","start":7672.71,"end":7672.87},{"text":"the","start":7672.87,"end":7672.99},{"text":"importance","start":7672.99,"end":7673.75},{"text":"of","start":7674.27,"end":7674.75},{"text":"endorsing","start":7674.95,"end":7675.47},{"text":"the","start":7675.47,"end":7675.55},{"text":"cumulative","start":7675.55,"end":7676.43},{"text":"nature","start":7676.51,"end":7676.95},{"text":"of","start":7676.95,"end":7677.07},{"text":"the","start":7677.07,"end":7677.15},{"text":"individual","start":7677.15,"end":7677.79},{"text":"critical","start":7677.79,"end":7678.19},{"text":"functions","start":7678.19,"end":7678.83},{"text":"of","start":7679.27,"end":7679.39},{"text":"identification,","start":7679.39,"end":7680.43},{"text":"selection","start":7680.75,"end":7681.39},{"text":"and","start":7681.39,"end":7681.63},{"text":"engagement","start":7681.63,"end":7682.35},{"text":"without","start":7682.75,"end":7683.39},{"text":"any","start":7683.47,"end":7683.71},{"text":"human","start":7683.71,"end":7684.03},{"text":"intervention","start":7684.03,"end":7684.91},{"text":"for","start":7685.15,"end":7685.35},{"text":"these","start":7685.35,"end":7685.63},{"text":"weapons","start":7685.63,"end":7686.03},{"text":"to","start":7686.03,"end":7686.11},{"text":"be","start":7686.11,"end":7686.27},{"text":"characterized","start":7686.27,"end":7686.99},{"text":"as","start":7686.99,"end":7687.15},{"text":"laws","start":7687.15,"end":7687.47},{"text":"for","start":7687.47,"end":7687.71},{"text":"the","start":7687.71,"end":7687.79},{"text":"purpose","start":7687.79,"end":7688.19},{"text":"of","start":7688.19,"end":7688.27},{"text":"this","start":7688.27,"end":7688.43},{"text":"instrument.","start":7688.43,"end":7689.15}]},{"text":"Therefore, we would support identify, select and engage a target in the text.","start":7689.71,"end":7695.31,"topics":[{"key":"critical-functions","label":"Critical Functions: Identify, Select and Engage","description":"Many statements focused on which functions should define autonomy in weapons systems, especially whether \"identify\" should be retained alongside \"select\" and \"engage.\" Delegations disagreed over a cumulative approach versus a broader formulation and used operational examples to clarify the implications."}],"words":[{"text":"Therefore,","start":7689.71,"end":7690.03},{"text":"we","start":7690.03,"end":7690.19},{"text":"would","start":7690.19,"end":7690.35},{"text":"support","start":7690.35,"end":7690.83},{"text":"identify,","start":7691.63,"end":7692.51},{"text":"select","start":7692.51,"end":7692.99},{"text":"and","start":7693.07,"end":7693.47},{"text":"engage","start":7693.47,"end":7693.95},{"text":"a","start":7693.95,"end":7694.03},{"text":"target","start":7694.03,"end":7694.51},{"text":"in","start":7694.51,"end":7694.67},{"text":"the","start":7694.67,"end":7694.75},{"text":"text.","start":7694.75,"end":7695.31}]},{"text":"Thirdly, we would also support the views expressed by the US and others that the mandate of this GGE is to discuss only lethal autonomous weapon systems.","start":7696.47,"end":7706.79,"topics":[{"key":"laws-scope","label":"Scope of the LAWS Characterization","description":"Delegations debated how broadly lethal autonomous weapons systems should be characterized, including whether the text should remain a broad working characterization or be narrowed through exclusions. Speakers also discussed how to anchor the characterization within the scope, objectives, or application of the CCW."}],"words":[{"text":"Thirdly,","start":7696.47,"end":7697.03},{"text":"we","start":7697.11,"end":7697.35},{"text":"would","start":7697.35,"end":7697.47},{"text":"also","start":7697.47,"end":7697.83},{"text":"support","start":7697.83,"end":7698.23},{"text":"the","start":7698.23,"end":7698.31},{"text":"views","start":7698.31,"end":7698.63},{"text":"expressed","start":7698.63,"end":7699.35},{"text":"by","start":7699.35,"end":7699.59},{"text":"the","start":7699.59,"end":7699.71},{"text":"US","start":7699.83,"end":7700.11},{"text":"and","start":7700.11,"end":7700.35},{"text":"others","start":7700.35,"end":7700.79},{"text":"that","start":7701.19,"end":7701.31},{"text":"the","start":7701.31,"end":7701.43},{"text":"mandate","start":7701.43,"end":7701.99},{"text":"of","start":7701.99,"end":7702.11},{"text":"this","start":7702.11,"end":7702.27},{"text":"GGE","start":7702.31,"end":7703.03},{"text":"is","start":7703.03,"end":7703.23},{"text":"to","start":7703.27,"end":7703.39},{"text":"discuss","start":7703.39,"end":7703.91},{"text":"only","start":7704.07,"end":7704.55},{"text":"lethal","start":7704.71,"end":7705.23},{"text":"autonomous","start":7705.23,"end":7705.75},{"text":"weapon","start":7705.75,"end":7706.15},{"text":"systems.","start":7706.15,"end":7706.79}]},{"text":"We would thus support language that respects this mandate.","start":7707.27,"end":7711.67,"topics":[{"key":"laws-scope","label":"Scope of the LAWS Characterization","description":"Delegations debated how broadly lethal autonomous weapons systems should be characterized, including whether the text should remain a broad working characterization or be narrowed through exclusions. Speakers also discussed how to anchor the characterization within the scope, objectives, or application of the CCW."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":7707.27,"end":7707.55},{"text":"would","start":7708.39,"end":7708.67},{"text":"thus","start":7708.67,"end":7708.91},{"text":"support","start":7708.91,"end":7709.43},{"text":"language","start":7709.75,"end":7710.23},{"text":"that","start":7710.23,"end":7710.43},{"text":"respects","start":7710.43,"end":7710.95},{"text":"this","start":7710.95,"end":7711.11},{"text":"mandate.","start":7711.11,"end":7711.67}]},{"text":"Finally, we would also support the German and other delegations who have proposed the insertion of \"once activated\" before \"can identify, select, and engage a target\" to clearly reflect the temporal aspect of autonomy under discussion.","start":7712.79,"end":7727.43,"topics":[{"key":"human-control","label":"Human Control and Temporal Aspects","description":"Speakers examined how to reflect human involvement in the operation of autonomous weapons, including references to human users, operators, control, and intervention. Several delegations also stressed the importance of timing, proposing language such as \"once activated\" or \"without further intervention\" to capture the temporal dimension of autonomy."},{"key":"critical-functions","label":"Critical Functions: Identify, Select and Engage","description":"Many statements focused on which functions should define autonomy in weapons systems, especially whether \"identify\" should be retained alongside \"select\" and \"engage.\" Delegations disagreed over a cumulative approach versus a broader formulation and used operational examples to clarify the implications."}],"words":[{"text":"Finally,","start":7712.79,"end":7713.27},{"text":"we","start":7713.27,"end":7713.35},{"text":"would","start":7713.35,"end":7713.51},{"text":"also","start":7713.51,"end":7713.83},{"text":"support","start":7713.83,"end":7714.19},{"text":"the","start":7714.19,"end":7714.27},{"text":"German","start":7714.27,"end":7714.79},{"text":"and","start":7715.11,"end":7715.39},{"text":"other","start":7715.39,"end":7715.55},{"text":"delegations","start":7715.55,"end":7716.39},{"text":"who","start":7716.55,"end":7716.75},{"text":"have","start":7716.75,"end":7716.91},{"text":"proposed","start":7716.91,"end":7717.35},{"text":"the","start":7717.35,"end":7717.55},{"text":"insertion","start":7717.55,"end":7718.23},{"text":"of","start":7718.23,"end":7718.39},{"text":"\"once","start":7718.39,"end":7718.71},{"text":"activated\"","start":7718.71,"end":7719.51},{"text":"before","start":7719.99,"end":7720.55},{"text":"\"can","start":7720.55,"end":7720.95},{"text":"identify,","start":7720.95,"end":7721.59},{"text":"select,","start":7721.59,"end":7721.95},{"text":"and","start":7721.95,"end":7722.07},{"text":"engage","start":7722.07,"end":7722.43},{"text":"a","start":7722.43,"end":7722.47},{"text":"target\"","start":7722.47,"end":7723.03},{"text":"to","start":7723.75,"end":7723.83},{"text":"clearly","start":7723.83,"end":7724.31},{"text":"reflect","start":7724.31,"end":7724.71},{"text":"the","start":7724.71,"end":7724.83},{"text":"temporal","start":7724.83,"end":7725.43},{"text":"aspect","start":7725.43,"end":7725.95},{"text":"of","start":7725.95,"end":7726.07},{"text":"autonomy","start":7726.07,"end":7726.63},{"text":"under","start":7726.63,"end":7726.83},{"text":"discussion.","start":7726.83,"end":7727.43}]},{"text":"I thank you, Chair.","start":7727.75,"end":7728.63,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":7727.75,"end":7727.91},{"text":"thank","start":7727.91,"end":7728.19},{"text":"you,","start":7728.19,"end":7728.31},{"text":"Chair.","start":7728.31,"end":7728.63}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"IND","group":null,"function":null,"affiliation_full":"India"}},{"statement_number":63,"start":7733.43,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1t/k1t48lttgq?t=2:08:54","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Let me thank the distinguished representative of India for her intervention and for the comments and suggestions made with regard to the text we are discussing.","start":7733.43,"end":7742.15,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Let","start":7733.43,"end":7733.67},{"text":"me","start":7733.67,"end":7733.83},{"text":"thank","start":7733.83,"end":7734.11},{"text":"the","start":7734.11,"end":7734.19},{"text":"distinguished","start":7734.19,"end":7734.87},{"text":"representative","start":7735.11,"end":7735.83},{"text":"of","start":7735.83,"end":7735.91},{"text":"India","start":7735.91,"end":7736.39},{"text":"for","start":7736.39,"end":7736.71},{"text":"her","start":7736.71,"end":7737.03},{"text":"intervention","start":7737.11,"end":7737.99},{"text":"and","start":7737.99,"end":7738.15},{"text":"for","start":7738.15,"end":7738.27},{"text":"the","start":7738.27,"end":7738.39},{"text":"comments","start":7738.39,"end":7738.79},{"text":"and","start":7738.83,"end":7738.99},{"text":"suggestions","start":7739.27,"end":7739.99},{"text":"made","start":7739.99,"end":7740.31},{"text":"with","start":7740.31,"end":7740.43},{"text":"regard","start":7740.43,"end":7740.75},{"text":"to","start":7740.75,"end":7740.83},{"text":"the","start":7740.87,"end":7740.95},{"text":"text","start":7740.95,"end":7741.35},{"text":"we","start":7741.35,"end":7741.47},{"text":"are","start":7741.47,"end":7741.55},{"text":"discussing.","start":7741.55,"end":7742.15}]},{"text":"Next on my list is Singapore.","start":7742.55,"end":7744.39,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next","start":7742.55,"end":7742.87},{"text":"on","start":7742.87,"end":7742.95},{"text":"my","start":7742.95,"end":7743.03},{"text":"list","start":7743.03,"end":7743.43},{"text":"is","start":7743.43,"end":7743.63},{"text":"Singapore.","start":7743.63,"end":7744.39}]},{"text":"You have the floor.","start":7744.63,"end":7745.35,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"You","start":7744.63,"end":7744.75},{"text":"have","start":7744.75,"end":7744.99},{"text":"the","start":7744.99,"end":7745.07},{"text":"floor.","start":7745.11,"end":7745.35}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":null,"group":null,"function":"Chair","affiliation_full":null}},{"statement_number":64,"start":7752.03,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1t/k1t48lttgq?t=2:09:13","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Chair, for giving us the floor again.","start":7752.03,"end":7754.31,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":7752.03,"end":7752.15},{"text":"you,","start":7752.15,"end":7752.31},{"text":"Chair,","start":7752.31,"end":7752.55},{"text":"for","start":7752.55,"end":7752.87},{"text":"giving","start":7752.87,"end":7753.19},{"text":"us","start":7753.19,"end":7753.35},{"text":"the","start":7753.35,"end":7753.51},{"text":"floor","start":7753.51,"end":7753.87},{"text":"again.","start":7753.87,"end":7754.31}]},{"text":"On box one, paragraph one, my delegation notes your request for further explanations on these two issues.","start":7755.55,"end":7762.87,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"On","start":7755.55,"end":7755.67},{"text":"box","start":7755.67,"end":7756.15},{"text":"one,","start":7756.15,"end":7756.55},{"text":"paragraph","start":7756.79,"end":7757.43},{"text":"one,","start":7757.43,"end":7757.91},{"text":"my","start":7758.87,"end":7759.03},{"text":"delegation","start":7759.03,"end":7759.63},{"text":"notes","start":7759.63,"end":7759.91},{"text":"your","start":7759.91,"end":7760.03},{"text":"request","start":7760.03,"end":7760.47},{"text":"for","start":7760.47,"end":7760.63},{"text":"further","start":7760.63,"end":7760.91},{"text":"explanations","start":7760.91,"end":7761.67},{"text":"on","start":7761.67,"end":7761.79},{"text":"these","start":7761.79,"end":7761.99},{"text":"two","start":7761.99,"end":7762.23},{"text":"issues.","start":7762.23,"end":7762.87}]},{"text":"First, the difference between identify and select.","start":7763.35,"end":7767.03,"topics":[{"key":"critical-functions","label":"Critical Functions: Identify, Select and Engage","description":"Many statements focused on which functions should define autonomy in weapons systems, especially whether \"identify\" should be retained alongside \"select\" and \"engage.\" Delegations disagreed over a cumulative approach versus a broader formulation and used operational examples to clarify the implications."}],"words":[{"text":"First,","start":7763.35,"end":7763.99},{"text":"the","start":7764.47,"end":7764.67},{"text":"difference","start":7764.67,"end":7765.07},{"text":"between","start":7765.07,"end":7765.55},{"text":"identify","start":7765.55,"end":7766.23},{"text":"and","start":7766.23,"end":7766.47},{"text":"select.","start":7766.47,"end":7767.03}]},{"text":"Second, why the three components identify, select, and engage should be listed cumulatively.","start":7767.91,"end":7773.43,"topics":[{"key":"critical-functions","label":"Critical Functions: Identify, Select and Engage","description":"Many statements focused on which functions should define autonomy in weapons systems, especially whether \"identify\" should be retained alongside \"select\" and \"engage.\" Delegations disagreed over a cumulative approach versus a broader formulation and used operational examples to clarify the implications."}],"words":[{"text":"Second,","start":7767.91,"end":7768.47},{"text":"why","start":7768.95,"end":7769.27},{"text":"the","start":7769.27,"end":7769.39},{"text":"three","start":7769.39,"end":7769.67},{"text":"components","start":7769.67,"end":7770.39},{"text":"identify,","start":7770.39,"end":7770.95},{"text":"select,","start":7770.95,"end":7771.39},{"text":"and","start":7771.39,"end":7771.51},{"text":"engage","start":7771.51,"end":7771.87},{"text":"should","start":7771.87,"end":7772.07},{"text":"be","start":7772.07,"end":7772.23},{"text":"listed","start":7772.23,"end":7772.59},{"text":"cumulatively.","start":7772.59,"end":7773.43}]},{"text":"We will share our perspectives on both questions.","start":7773.75,"end":7775.83,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":7773.75,"end":7773.87},{"text":"will","start":7773.87,"end":7773.99},{"text":"share","start":7773.99,"end":7774.23},{"text":"our","start":7774.23,"end":7774.31},{"text":"perspectives","start":7774.31,"end":7774.87},{"text":"on","start":7774.87,"end":7775.03},{"text":"both","start":7775.03,"end":7775.27},{"text":"questions.","start":7775.27,"end":7775.83}]},{"text":"On the first question, My delegation understands the word \"identify\" to be the ability to discern the specific type or characteristics of an object or target, whether it is a friend or foe, for instance.","start":7777.71,"end":7791.99,"topics":[{"key":"critical-functions","label":"Critical Functions: Identify, Select and Engage","description":"Many statements focused on which functions should define autonomy in weapons systems, especially whether \"identify\" should be retained alongside \"select\" and \"engage.\" Delegations disagreed over a cumulative approach versus a broader formulation and used operational examples to clarify the implications."}],"words":[{"text":"On","start":7777.71,"end":7777.83},{"text":"the","start":7777.83,"end":7777.91},{"text":"first","start":7777.91,"end":7778.15},{"text":"question,","start":7778.15,"end":7778.79},{"text":"My","start":7779.83,"end":7780.07},{"text":"delegation","start":7780.07,"end":7780.63},{"text":"understands","start":7780.63,"end":7781.19},{"text":"the","start":7781.19,"end":7781.27},{"text":"word","start":7781.27,"end":7781.51},{"text":"\"identify\"","start":7781.59,"end":7782.47},{"text":"to","start":7782.71,"end":7782.91},{"text":"be","start":7782.91,"end":7783.27},{"text":"the","start":7783.59,"end":7783.71},{"text":"ability","start":7783.75,"end":7784.47},{"text":"to","start":7784.47,"end":7784.67},{"text":"discern","start":7784.67,"end":7785.11},{"text":"the","start":7785.11,"end":7785.27},{"text":"specific","start":7785.27,"end":7785.91},{"text":"type","start":7785.91,"end":7786.23},{"text":"or","start":7786.23,"end":7786.43},{"text":"characteristics","start":7786.43,"end":7787.43},{"text":"of","start":7787.43,"end":7787.59},{"text":"an","start":7787.59,"end":7787.75},{"text":"object","start":7787.75,"end":7788.15},{"text":"or","start":7788.15,"end":7788.35},{"text":"target,","start":7788.35,"end":7788.95},{"text":"whether","start":7789.51,"end":7789.95},{"text":"it","start":7789.95,"end":7790.07},{"text":"is","start":7790.07,"end":7790.35},{"text":"a","start":7790.35,"end":7790.39},{"text":"friend","start":7790.39,"end":7790.79},{"text":"or","start":7790.79,"end":7790.87},{"text":"foe,","start":7790.87,"end":7791.19},{"text":"for","start":7791.19,"end":7791.39},{"text":"instance.","start":7791.39,"end":7791.99}]},{"text":"The word \"select\" refers to the ability to prioritise or choose a target based on rules of engagement, mission parameters, or mission objectives.","start":7793.11,"end":7803.67,"topics":[{"key":"critical-functions","label":"Critical Functions: Identify, Select and Engage","description":"Many statements focused on which functions should define autonomy in weapons systems, especially whether \"identify\" should be retained alongside \"select\" and \"engage.\" Delegations disagreed over a cumulative approach versus a broader formulation and used operational examples to clarify the implications."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":7793.11,"end":7793.27},{"text":"word","start":7793.27,"end":7793.47},{"text":"\"select\"","start":7793.47,"end":7794.07},{"text":"refers","start":7794.63,"end":7795.27},{"text":"to","start":7795.27,"end":7795.51},{"text":"the","start":7795.51,"end":7795.59},{"text":"ability","start":7795.59,"end":7796.31},{"text":"to","start":7796.31,"end":7796.39},{"text":"prioritise","start":7796.39,"end":7797.51},{"text":"or","start":7797.51,"end":7797.67},{"text":"choose","start":7797.67,"end":7798.07},{"text":"a","start":7798.07,"end":7798.11},{"text":"target","start":7798.11,"end":7798.71},{"text":"based","start":7798.95,"end":7799.31},{"text":"on","start":7799.31,"end":7799.51},{"text":"rules","start":7799.51,"end":7799.87},{"text":"of","start":7799.87,"end":7799.99},{"text":"engagement,","start":7799.99,"end":7800.75},{"text":"mission","start":7801.27,"end":7801.67},{"text":"parameters,","start":7801.67,"end":7802.55},{"text":"or","start":7802.63,"end":7802.71},{"text":"mission","start":7802.71,"end":7803.03},{"text":"objectives.","start":7803.03,"end":7803.67}]},{"text":"From an operational standpoint, these two terms have distinct meanings and nuances.","start":7804.51,"end":7810.03,"topics":[{"key":"critical-functions","label":"Critical Functions: Identify, Select and Engage","description":"Many statements focused on which functions should define autonomy in weapons systems, especially whether \"identify\" should be retained alongside \"select\" and \"engage.\" Delegations disagreed over a cumulative approach versus a broader formulation and used operational examples to clarify the implications."}],"words":[{"text":"From","start":7804.51,"end":7804.71},{"text":"an","start":7804.71,"end":7804.83},{"text":"operational","start":7804.83,"end":7805.47},{"text":"standpoint,","start":7805.47,"end":7806.23},{"text":"these","start":7806.51,"end":7806.79},{"text":"two","start":7806.79,"end":7807.07},{"text":"terms","start":7807.07,"end":7807.39},{"text":"have","start":7807.39,"end":7807.55},{"text":"distinct","start":7807.55,"end":7808.27},{"text":"meanings","start":7808.35,"end":7808.99},{"text":"and","start":7808.99,"end":7809.27},{"text":"nuances.","start":7809.27,"end":7810.03}]},{"text":"I can identify a target as a foe and decide not to prioritise it.","start":7810.75,"end":7815.39,"topics":[{"key":"critical-functions","label":"Critical Functions: Identify, Select and Engage","description":"Many statements focused on which functions should define autonomy in weapons systems, especially whether \"identify\" should be retained alongside \"select\" and \"engage.\" Delegations disagreed over a cumulative approach versus a broader formulation and used operational examples to clarify the implications."}],"words":[{"text":"I","start":7810.75,"end":7810.91},{"text":"can","start":7810.91,"end":7811.15},{"text":"identify","start":7811.15,"end":7811.79},{"text":"a","start":7811.79,"end":7811.83},{"text":"target","start":7811.83,"end":7812.31},{"text":"as","start":7812.31,"end":7812.43},{"text":"a","start":7812.43,"end":7812.51},{"text":"foe","start":7812.51,"end":7812.99},{"text":"and","start":7813.39,"end":7813.59},{"text":"decide","start":7813.59,"end":7814.03},{"text":"not","start":7814.03,"end":7814.39},{"text":"to","start":7814.39,"end":7814.51},{"text":"prioritise","start":7814.51,"end":7815.15},{"text":"it.","start":7815.15,"end":7815.39}]},{"text":"In other words, I can identify a target without selecting it.","start":7815.95,"end":7819.55,"topics":[{"key":"critical-functions","label":"Critical Functions: Identify, Select and Engage","description":"Many statements focused on which functions should define autonomy in weapons systems, especially whether \"identify\" should be retained alongside \"select\" and \"engage.\" Delegations disagreed over a cumulative approach versus a broader formulation and used operational examples to clarify the implications."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":7815.95,"end":7816.11},{"text":"other","start":7816.11,"end":7816.35},{"text":"words,","start":7816.35,"end":7816.75},{"text":"I","start":7816.83,"end":7816.91},{"text":"can","start":7816.91,"end":7817.19},{"text":"identify","start":7817.19,"end":7817.87},{"text":"a","start":7817.87,"end":7817.91},{"text":"target","start":7817.91,"end":7818.43},{"text":"without","start":7818.43,"end":7818.91},{"text":"selecting","start":7818.91,"end":7819.39},{"text":"it.","start":7819.39,"end":7819.55}]},{"text":"Theoretically, you could also select a target without first identifying it, but that may neither be responsible nor logical.","start":7820.71,"end":7827.07,"topics":[{"key":"critical-functions","label":"Critical Functions: Identify, Select and Engage","description":"Many statements focused on which functions should define autonomy in weapons systems, especially whether \"identify\" should be retained alongside \"select\" and \"engage.\" Delegations disagreed over a cumulative approach versus a broader formulation and used operational examples to clarify the implications."}],"words":[{"text":"Theoretically,","start":7820.71,"end":7821.35},{"text":"you","start":7821.35,"end":7821.47},{"text":"could","start":7821.47,"end":7821.63},{"text":"also","start":7821.63,"end":7822.03},{"text":"select","start":7822.03,"end":7822.51},{"text":"a","start":7822.51,"end":7822.59},{"text":"target","start":7822.59,"end":7823.07},{"text":"without","start":7823.07,"end":7823.39},{"text":"first","start":7823.39,"end":7823.63},{"text":"identifying","start":7823.63,"end":7824.35},{"text":"it,","start":7824.35,"end":7824.51},{"text":"but","start":7824.59,"end":7824.83},{"text":"that","start":7824.91,"end":7825.15},{"text":"may","start":7825.15,"end":7825.31},{"text":"neither","start":7825.31,"end":7825.63},{"text":"be","start":7825.63,"end":7825.79},{"text":"responsible","start":7825.79,"end":7826.43},{"text":"nor","start":7826.43,"end":7826.55},{"text":"logical.","start":7826.55,"end":7827.07}]},{"text":"We therefore are not yet convinced by suggestions from some delegations to drop \"identify\".","start":7827.95,"end":7833.31,"topics":[{"key":"critical-functions","label":"Critical Functions: Identify, Select and Engage","description":"Many statements focused on which functions should define autonomy in weapons systems, especially whether \"identify\" should be retained alongside \"select\" and \"engage.\" Delegations disagreed over a cumulative approach versus a broader formulation and used operational examples to clarify the 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statements focused on which functions should define autonomy in weapons systems, especially whether \"identify\" should be retained alongside \"select\" and \"engage.\" Delegations disagreed over a cumulative approach versus a broader formulation and used operational examples to clarify the 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example of a weapon system that would identify and engage, but required a human to select, would be a fighter aircraft.","start":7844.99,"end":7852.83,"topics":[{"key":"critical-functions","label":"Critical Functions: Identify, Select and Engage","description":"Many statements focused on which functions should define autonomy in weapons systems, especially whether \"identify\" should be retained alongside \"select\" and \"engage.\" Delegations disagreed over a cumulative approach versus a broader formulation and used operational examples to clarify the 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onboard systems would be able to identify potential adversaries.","start":7853.91,"end":7858.23,"topics":[{"key":"critical-functions","label":"Critical Functions: Identify, Select and Engage","description":"Many statements focused on which functions should define autonomy in weapons systems, especially whether \"identify\" should be retained alongside \"select\" and \"engage.\" Delegations disagreed over a cumulative approach versus a broader formulation and used operational examples to clarify the 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example of a weapon system that could select and engage, but would require a human to identify a target, would be a Close-In Defensive Weapon System.","start":7872.19,"end":7882.43,"topics":[{"key":"critical-functions","label":"Critical Functions: Identify, Select and Engage","description":"Many statements focused on which functions should define autonomy in weapons systems, especially whether \"identify\" should be retained alongside \"select\" and \"engage.\" Delegations disagreed over a cumulative approach versus a broader formulation and used operational examples to clarify the 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the human operator identifies actual threats based on parameters such as speed and trajectory, The defensive system would select and engage the targets depending on priorities, such as proximity of the threat, probability of hit.","start":7883.91,"end":7898.71,"topics":[{"key":"critical-functions","label":"Critical Functions: Identify, Select and Engage","description":"Many statements focused on which functions should define autonomy in weapons systems, especially whether \"identify\" should be retained alongside \"select\" and \"engage.\" Delegations disagreed over a cumulative approach versus a broader formulation and used operational examples to clarify the 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but also geographical, if the identify and the select are taken at completely different places and completely different points in time.","start":8146.59,"end":8155.87,"topics":[{"key":"critical-functions","label":"Critical Functions: Identify, Select and Engage","description":"Many statements focused on which functions should define autonomy in weapons systems, especially whether \"identify\" should be retained alongside \"select\" and \"engage.\" Delegations disagreed over a cumulative approach versus a broader formulation and used operational examples to clarify the 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this is also something that is important.","start":8156.11,"end":8158.43,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":8156.11,"end":8156.27},{"text":"this","start":8156.27,"end":8156.43},{"text":"is","start":8156.43,"end":8156.59},{"text":"also","start":8156.59,"end":8156.87},{"text":"something","start":8157.07,"end":8157.51},{"text":"that","start":8157.51,"end":8157.63},{"text":"is","start":8157.63,"end":8157.75},{"text":"important.","start":8157.75,"end":8158.43}]},{"text":"You pointed that the functional approach is in there with the integrated combination, but still this is something to also keep in mind.","start":8159.15,"end":8167.47,"topics":[{"key":"critical-functions","label":"Critical Functions: Identify, Select and Engage","description":"Many statements focused on which functions should define autonomy in weapons systems, especially whether \"identify\" should be retained alongside \"select\" and \"engage.\" Delegations disagreed over a cumulative approach versus a broader 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the cumulative approach would exclude many systems that we would consider as autonomous weapon systems.","start":8168.19,"end":8175.31,"topics":[{"key":"critical-functions","label":"Critical Functions: Identify, Select and Engage","description":"Many statements focused on which functions should define autonomy in weapons systems, especially whether \"identify\" should be retained alongside \"select\" and \"engage.\" Delegations disagreed over a cumulative approach versus a broader formulation and used operational examples to clarify the 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intuitively.","start":8176.11,"end":8177.87,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"very","start":8176.11,"end":8176.43},{"text":"clearly","start":8176.43,"end":8176.79},{"text":"and","start":8176.79,"end":8176.95},{"text":"very","start":8176.95,"end":8177.15},{"text":"intuitively.","start":8177.15,"end":8177.87}]},{"text":"I thank you.","start":8178.11,"end":8178.55,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":8178.11,"end":8178.19},{"text":"thank","start":8178.19,"end":8178.47},{"text":"you.","start":8178.47,"end":8178.55}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"AUT","group":null,"function":null,"affiliation_full":"Austria"}},{"statement_number":67,"start":8184.41,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1t/k1t48lttgq?t=2:16:25","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I have one more request for the floor.","start":8184.41,"end":8186.09,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":8184.41,"end":8184.57},{"text":"have","start":8184.57,"end":8184.73},{"text":"one","start":8184.73,"end":8184.93},{"text":"more","start":8184.93,"end":8185.25},{"text":"request","start":8185.25,"end":8185.61},{"text":"for","start":8185.61,"end":8185.73},{"text":"the","start":8185.73,"end":8185.81},{"text":"floor.","start":8185.81,"end":8186.09}]},{"text":"Let me pass the floor to the distinguished representative of 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sir.","start":8189.05,"end":8189.85,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"You","start":8189.05,"end":8189.21},{"text":"have","start":8189.21,"end":8189.37},{"text":"the","start":8189.37,"end":8189.49},{"text":"floor,","start":8189.49,"end":8189.73},{"text":"sir.","start":8189.73,"end":8189.85}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":null,"group":null,"function":"Chair","affiliation_full":null}},{"statement_number":68,"start":8192.13,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1t/k1t48lttgq?t=2:16:33","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you very much, Mr. Chair.","start":8192.13,"end":8193.29,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":8192.13,"end":8192.29},{"text":"you","start":8192.29,"end":8192.37},{"text":"very","start":8192.37,"end":8192.53},{"text":"much,","start":8192.53,"end":8192.73},{"text":"Mr.","start":8192.73,"end":8192.97},{"text":"Chair.","start":8192.97,"end":8193.29}]},{"text":"And my delegation would also like to express its appreciation to the approach that was just demonstrated by our 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Singapore.","start":8193.29,"end":8204.65,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":8193.29,"end":8193.53},{"text":"my","start":8193.69,"end":8194.41},{"text":"delegation","start":8194.41,"end":8194.81},{"text":"would","start":8194.81,"end":8194.97},{"text":"also","start":8194.97,"end":8195.25},{"text":"like","start":8195.25,"end":8195.49},{"text":"to","start":8195.49,"end":8195.93},{"text":"express","start":8196.49,"end":8197.05},{"text":"its","start":8197.05,"end":8197.49},{"text":"appreciation","start":8197.49,"end":8198.17},{"text":"to","start":8198.17,"end":8198.49},{"text":"the","start":8199.21,"end":8199.41},{"text":"approach","start":8199.77,"end":8200.41},{"text":"that","start":8200.41,"end":8200.57},{"text":"was","start":8200.57,"end":8200.81},{"text":"just","start":8200.81,"end":8201.21},{"text":"demonstrated","start":8201.29,"end":8201.93},{"text":"by","start":8201.93,"end":8202.33},{"text":"our","start":8202.89,"end":8203.05},{"text":"distinguished","start":8203.05,"end":8203.53},{"text":"colleagues","start":8203.53,"end":8203.89},{"text":"from","start":8203.89,"end":8204.05},{"text":"Singapore.","start":8204.05,"end":8204.65}]},{"text":"I think that, uh, what his intervention should be a model to the engagement that we need to have on this issue, uh, uh, in terms of, uh, adding clarity to the understanding of these three terms, identify, select, and engage, uh, uh, and, uh, adding real world examples of what is underpinning these concerns.","start":8205.79,"end":8227.23,"topics":[{"key":"critical-functions","label":"Critical Functions: Identify, Select and Engage","description":"Many statements focused on which functions should define autonomy in weapons systems, especially whether \"identify\" should be retained alongside \"select\" and \"engage.\" Delegations disagreed over a cumulative approach versus a broader formulation and used operational examples to clarify the 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this, I don't think that we can have a fruitful debate.","start":8227.71,"end":8230.75,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Without","start":8227.71,"end":8228.11},{"text":"this,","start":8228.11,"end":8228.51},{"text":"I","start":8228.51,"end":8228.55},{"text":"don't","start":8228.55,"end":8228.83},{"text":"think","start":8228.83,"end":8229.07},{"text":"that","start":8229.07,"end":8229.23},{"text":"we","start":8229.23,"end":8229.39},{"text":"can","start":8229.39,"end":8229.55},{"text":"have","start":8229.55,"end":8229.79},{"text":"a","start":8229.79,"end":8229.87},{"text":"fruitful","start":8229.87,"end":8230.27},{"text":"debate.","start":8230.27,"end":8230.75}]},{"text":"So again, I would like to thank Singapore for this and to call on others to follow this 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the same concerns that Austria has expressed.","start":8237.55,"end":8244.51,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Regarding","start":8237.55,"end":8238.11},{"text":"the","start":8238.19,"end":8238.35},{"text":"points","start":8238.35,"end":8238.67},{"text":"that","start":8238.67,"end":8238.79},{"text":"were","start":8238.79,"end":8238.99},{"text":"made,","start":8238.99,"end":8239.47},{"text":"we","start":8240.67,"end":8241.07},{"text":"would","start":8241.07,"end":8241.31},{"text":"have","start":8241.31,"end":8241.79},{"text":"the","start":8242.03,"end":8242.23},{"text":"same","start":8242.23,"end":8242.47},{"text":"concerns","start":8242.47,"end":8242.91},{"text":"that","start":8242.91,"end":8243.31},{"text":"Austria","start":8243.31,"end":8243.75},{"text":"has","start":8243.75,"end":8243.87},{"text":"expressed.","start":8243.87,"end":8244.51}]},{"text":"These real-world examples are seen by my delegation on a different 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should be retained alongside \"select\" and \"engage.\" Delegations disagreed over a cumulative approach versus a broader formulation and used operational examples to clarify the implications."}],"words":[{"text":"Closing","start":8251.55,"end":8251.95},{"text":"weapons","start":8251.95,"end":8252.27},{"text":"systems,","start":8252.27,"end":8252.91},{"text":"as","start":8253.43,"end":8253.59},{"text":"they","start":8253.59,"end":8253.79},{"text":"usually","start":8253.95,"end":8254.43},{"text":"called","start":8254.43,"end":8254.75},{"text":"CWIS,","start":8254.75,"end":8255.47},{"text":"in","start":8255.83,"end":8256.07},{"text":"our","start":8256.07,"end":8256.31},{"text":"mind,","start":8256.31,"end":8256.87},{"text":"do","start":8257.03,"end":8257.27},{"text":"identify,","start":8257.27,"end":8257.83},{"text":"select,","start":8257.83,"end":8258.47},{"text":"and","start":8258.47,"end":8258.67},{"text":"engage.","start":8258.67,"end":8259.35}]},{"text":"A human operator does not have to see a threat and activate it.","start":8259.99,"end":8266.07,"topics":[{"key":"human-control","label":"Human Control and Temporal Aspects","description":"Speakers examined how to reflect human involvement in the operation of autonomous weapons, including references to human users, operators, control, and intervention. Several delegations also stressed the importance of timing, proposing language such as \"once activated\" or \"without further intervention\" to capture the temporal dimension of autonomy."}],"words":[{"text":"A","start":8259.99,"end":8260.07},{"text":"human","start":8260.07,"end":8260.35},{"text":"operator","start":8260.35,"end":8260.79},{"text":"does","start":8260.79,"end":8260.95},{"text":"not","start":8260.95,"end":8261.23},{"text":"have","start":8261.23,"end":8261.51},{"text":"to","start":8261.51,"end":8261.83},{"text":"see","start":8262.55,"end":8263.03},{"text":"a","start":8263.99,"end":8264.07},{"text":"threat","start":8264.07,"end":8264.63},{"text":"and","start":8264.71,"end":8264.95},{"text":"activate","start":8265.03,"end":8265.75},{"text":"it.","start":8265.75,"end":8266.07}]},{"text":"Usually, these systems are used in a fully autonomous manner when in a context that requires them as a defensive measure.","start":8266.23,"end":8277.35,"topics":[{"key":"human-control","label":"Human Control and Temporal Aspects","description":"Speakers examined how to reflect human involvement in the operation of autonomous weapons, including references to human users, operators, control, and intervention. Several delegations also stressed the importance of timing, proposing language such as \"once activated\" or \"without further intervention\" to capture the temporal dimension of 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is just an example of how we approach the idea of identification differently.","start":8278.51,"end":8285.35,"topics":[{"key":"critical-functions","label":"Critical Functions: Identify, Select and Engage","description":"Many statements focused on which functions should define autonomy in weapons systems, especially whether \"identify\" should be retained alongside \"select\" and \"engage.\" Delegations disagreed over a cumulative approach versus a broader formulation and used operational examples to clarify the 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again, I think that the risks of adopting these cumulative approach with the three terms was potently exemplified by Austria.","start":8302.31,"end":8313.59,"topics":[{"key":"critical-functions","label":"Critical Functions: Identify, Select and Engage","description":"Many statements focused on which functions should define autonomy in weapons systems, especially whether \"identify\" should be retained alongside \"select\" and \"engage.\" Delegations disagreed over a cumulative approach versus a broader formulation and used operational examples to clarify the 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it comes both to loitering munitions in which the identification can be done by a human, but the selection and engagement can happen at a much later stage.","start":8315.67,"end":8324.63,"topics":[{"key":"critical-functions","label":"Critical Functions: Identify, Select and Engage","description":"Many statements focused on which functions should define autonomy in weapons systems, especially whether \"identify\" should be retained alongside \"select\" and \"engage.\" Delegations disagreed over a cumulative approach versus a broader formulation and used operational examples to clarify the 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also when it comes to swarms in which different elements, different components of the swarm might do just one of these functions at a given time, but in a distributed fashion work as a coherent whole.","start":8326.15,"end":8342.95,"topics":[{"key":"critical-functions","label":"Critical Functions: Identify, Select and Engage","description":"Many statements focused on which functions should define autonomy in weapons systems, especially whether \"identify\" should be retained alongside \"select\" and \"engage.\" Delegations disagreed over a cumulative approach versus a broader formulation and used operational examples to clarify the 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I think that these concerns are very much present and inform our attachment to a cumulative approach using only two critical functions, select and engage.","start":8343.63,"end":8356.19,"topics":[{"key":"critical-functions","label":"Critical Functions: Identify, Select and Engage","description":"Many statements focused on which functions should define autonomy in weapons systems, especially whether \"identify\" should be retained alongside \"select\" and \"engage.\" Delegations disagreed over a cumulative approach versus a broader formulation and used operational examples to clarify the 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a food for thought, I would offer the possibility of removing a comma, which would, if that can be identified as a possible way 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would be one of those proverbial multilateral moments in which removing a comma might do the trick.","start":8374.47,"end":8379.91,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"It","start":8374.47,"end":8374.55},{"text":"would","start":8374.55,"end":8374.79},{"text":"be","start":8374.79,"end":8374.95},{"text":"one","start":8374.95,"end":8375.23},{"text":"of","start":8375.23,"end":8375.31},{"text":"those","start":8375.31,"end":8375.51},{"text":"proverbial","start":8375.51,"end":8376.07},{"text":"multilateral","start":8376.71,"end":8377.35},{"text":"moments","start":8377.35,"end":8377.71},{"text":"in","start":8377.71,"end":8377.79},{"text":"which","start":8377.79,"end":8378.07},{"text":"removing","start":8378.31,"end":8378.79},{"text":"a","start":8378.79,"end":8378.83},{"text":"comma","start":8378.83,"end":8379.11},{"text":"might","start":8379.11,"end":8379.31},{"text":"do","start":8379.31,"end":8379.51},{"text":"the","start":8379.51,"end":8379.59},{"text":"trick.","start":8379.59,"end":8379.91}]},{"text":"But removing the comma between select and engage might give the impression that we want, which is select and engage are part of the same process and they're not.","start":8380.95,"end":8393.59,"topics":[{"key":"critical-functions","label":"Critical Functions: Identify, Select and Engage","description":"Many statements focused on which functions should define autonomy in weapons systems, especially whether \"identify\" should be retained alongside \"select\" and \"engage.\" Delegations disagreed over a cumulative approach versus a broader formulation and used operational examples to clarify the 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we remove the notion that identification and selection can be interchangeable.","start":8393.91,"end":8400.07,"topics":[{"key":"critical-functions","label":"Critical Functions: Identify, Select and Engage","description":"Many statements focused on which functions should define autonomy in weapons systems, especially whether \"identify\" should be retained alongside \"select\" and \"engage.\" Delegations disagreed over a cumulative approach versus a broader formulation and used operational examples to clarify the 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Chairman.","start":8451.35,"end":8452.19,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":8451.35,"end":8451.55},{"text":"you,","start":8451.55,"end":8451.63},{"text":"Mr.","start":8451.63,"end":8451.87},{"text":"Chairman.","start":8451.87,"end":8452.19}]},{"text":"I'm sorry, my view will be shortly.","start":8452.19,"end":8453.71,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I'm","start":8452.19,"end":8452.59},{"text":"sorry,","start":8452.59,"end":8452.83},{"text":"my","start":8452.83,"end":8452.91},{"text":"view","start":8452.91,"end":8452.99},{"text":"will","start":8452.99,"end":8453.11},{"text":"be","start":8453.11,"end":8453.23},{"text":"shortly.","start":8453.23,"end":8453.71}]},{"text":"My remark after speech of representative of Australia regarding swarm 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of the LAWS Characterization","description":"Delegations debated how broadly lethal autonomous weapons systems should be characterized, including whether the text should remain a broad working characterization or be narrowed through exclusions. Speakers also discussed how to anchor the characterization within the scope, objectives, or application of the CCW."},{"key":"human-control","label":"Human Control and Temporal Aspects","description":"Speakers examined how to reflect human involvement in the operation of autonomous weapons, including references to human users, operators, control, and intervention. Several delegations also stressed the importance of timing, proposing language such as \"once activated\" or \"without further intervention\" to capture the temporal dimension of autonomy."},{"key":"ihl-compliance","label":"International Humanitarian Law and Responsibility","description":"Delegations repeatedly linked the characterization of autonomous weapons to existing international humanitarian law, including protection of civilians, injury, attacks on objects, and accountability for use. 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