{"disclaimer":"Transcripts available through this tool are created by using automatic speech recognition and are not official records nor official documents of the United Nations. Official records and official documents are available on the Official Document System of the United Nations.","url":"https://transcripts.un.org/en/asset/k1u/k1uro7p6k4","llms":{"note":"Plain-text sibling of this page, compact for LLM context. For the full API guide (search, listing, URL grammar) see /llms.txt.","textUrl":"/en/asset/k1u/k1uro7p6k4.txt","guide":"/llms.txt"},"video":{"id":"k1u/k1uro7p6k4","kaltura_id":"1_uro7p6k4","title":"Open-ended Informal Consultative Process on Oceans and the Law of the Sea (ICP26)","clean_title":"Open-ended Informal Consultative Process on Oceans and the Law of the Sea (ICP26)","url":"https://webtv.un.org/en/asset/k1u/k1uro7p6k4","date":"2026-06-25T00:00:00.000Z","scheduled_time":"2026-06-25T19:00:00.000Z","status":"finished","duration":"01:48:39","category":"General Assembly","body":"General Assembly","event_code":null,"event_type":null,"session_number":null,"pv_symbol":null,"pv_part":null,"slug":"asset/k1u/k1uro7p6k4"},"metadata":{"summary":"The twenty-sixth meeting of the United Nations Open-ended Informal Consultative Process on Oceans and the Law of the Sea, in 2026, will, in its deliberations on the Report of the Secretary-General on oceans and the law of the sea, focus its discussions on the theme: Marine ecosystem restoration.","description":"Segment 2 (continued)\nEnabling and enhancing marine ecosystem restoration through international cooperation and coordination: challenges and opportunities\n(a) Panel presentations;\n(b) Discussion.\nSecond plenary session (time permitting)\nItem 4. Inter-agency cooperation and coordination\n7. In accordance with the terms of reference for UN-Oceans adopted by the General Assembly in its resolution 68/70, the United Nations Legal Counsel/Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea, as the UN-Oceans focal point, represents UN-Oceans at relevant meetings, including those under the Assembly. To ensure transparency and accountability, UN-Oceans, upon request from the Assembly, reports to Member States in the context of the meetings of the Informal Consultative Process. In that regard, and pending such request, the UN-Oceans focal point will be invited to submit a brief statement on the activities of UN-Oceans for comments by delegations in writing.","categories":["Meetings & Events","General Assembly","Subsidiary organs of the General Assembly","Open-ended Informal Consultative Process on Oceans and the Law of the Sea"],"geographic_subject":[],"subject_topical":["OCEANS","WATER","NATURAL RESOURCES","COOPERATION"],"corporate_name":[],"speaker_affiliation":[],"related_documents":[{"title":"Website","url":"https://www.un.org/Depts/los/consultative_process/consultative_process.htm"},{"title":"Provisional Agenda","url":"https://docs.un.org/a/ac.259/L.26"}]},"transcript":{"transcript_id":"assemblyai-universal-3-pro-d46e5d5b-6510-4987-a692-3b2e16f1f426","language":"en","data":[{"statement_number":1,"paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"So this afternoon we will continue and conclude our discussions under the second segment of the discussion panel entitled 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are 6 presentations scheduled for this afternoon.","start":20.105,"end":23.371,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"There","start":20.105,"end":20.218},{"text":"are","start":20.331,"end":20.363},{"text":"6","start":20.363,"end":20.815},{"text":"presentations","start":20.815,"end":21.558},{"text":"scheduled","start":22.107,"end":22.608},{"text":"for","start":22.608,"end":22.77},{"text":"this","start":22.77,"end":22.98},{"text":"afternoon.","start":22.98,"end":23.371}]},{"text":"We intend to hear from the first 3 panelists followed by question and answer session before proceeding with the remaining 3 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again wish to remind you that the discussions in the panel are informal in order to allow delegations from states, intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations to participate actively in the 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panel presentations have been posted on the website of the Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea to assist delegations in preparing for 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these panels are also being broadcast over United Nations Web TV, we are also accepting questions from remote viewers.","start":56.73,"end":63.957,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"As","start":56.73,"end":56.875},{"text":"these","start":56.907,"end":57.052},{"text":"panels","start":57.148,"end":57.567},{"text":"are","start":57.857,"end":58.017},{"text":"also","start":58.017,"end":58.355},{"text":"being","start":58.355,"end":58.484},{"text":"broadcast","start":58.597,"end":59.16},{"text":"over","start":59.16,"end":59.305},{"text":"United","start":59.305,"end":59.675},{"text":"Nations","start":59.724,"end":60.062},{"text":"Web","start":60.126,"end":60.432},{"text":"TV,","start":60.432,"end":60.754},{"text":"we","start":61.253,"end":61.397},{"text":"are","start":61.478,"end":61.655},{"text":"also","start":61.655,"end":61.961},{"text":"accepting","start":61.977,"end":62.428},{"text":"questions","start":62.54,"end":62.991},{"text":"from","start":63.007,"end":63.248},{"text":"remote","start":63.248,"end":63.554},{"text":"viewers.","start":63.651,"end":63.957}]},{"text":"Please email any questions and comments to dualos@un.org.","start":65.04,"end":68.563,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Please","start":65.04,"end":65.284},{"text":"email","start":65.3,"end":65.578},{"text":"any","start":65.708,"end":65.888},{"text":"questions","start":65.953,"end":66.393},{"text":"and","start":66.459,"end":66.589},{"text":"comments","start":66.622,"end":67.013},{"text":"to","start":67.519,"end":67.682},{"text":"dualos@un.org.","start":67.682,"end":68.563}]},{"text":"So now I wish to give the floor to our first panelist, Daniel Fryce, Kotzschrein Family Professor of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Director of the Center for Public Policy Research at Tulane University.","start":71.579,"end":84.602,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":71.579,"end":71.627},{"text":"now","start":71.627,"end":71.804},{"text":"I","start":71.853,"end":71.885},{"text":"wish","start":71.933,"end":72.175},{"text":"to","start":72.175,"end":72.272},{"text":"give","start":72.272,"end":72.498},{"text":"the","start":72.498,"end":72.579},{"text":"floor","start":72.579,"end":72.885},{"text":"to","start":72.885,"end":72.982},{"text":"our","start":72.982,"end":73.208},{"text":"first","start":73.208,"end":73.498},{"text":"panelist,","start":73.547,"end":74.192},{"text":"Daniel","start":74.757,"end":75.16},{"text":"Fryce,","start":75.16,"end":75.725},{"text":"Kotzschrein","start":76.435,"end":76.903},{"text":"Family","start":77.08,"end":77.467},{"text":"Professor","start":77.499,"end":77.983},{"text":"of","start":77.983,"end":78.113},{"text":"Earth","start":78.29,"end":78.387},{"text":"and","start":78.451,"end":78.548},{"text":"Environmental","start":78.548,"end":79.193},{"text":"Sciences","start":79.193,"end":79.726},{"text":"and","start":80.403,"end":80.468},{"text":"Director","start":80.565,"end":81.21},{"text":"of","start":81.21,"end":81.26},{"text":"the","start":81.26,"end":81.309},{"text":"Center","start":81.309,"end":81.554},{"text":"for","start":81.554,"end":81.685},{"text":"Public","start":81.784,"end":82.111},{"text":"Policy","start":82.111,"end":82.504},{"text":"Research","start":82.521,"end":83.094},{"text":"at","start":83.396,"end":83.541},{"text":"Tulane","start":83.573,"end":83.943},{"text":"University.","start":84.039,"end":84.602}]},{"text":"The presentation is entitled Achieving Mangrove Restoration at Scale.","start":85.422,"end":89.987,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":85.422,"end":85.518},{"text":"presentation","start":85.518,"end":86.193},{"text":"is","start":86.29,"end":86.386},{"text":"entitled","start":86.386,"end":87.415},{"text":"Achieving","start":87.431,"end":87.881},{"text":"Mangrove","start":87.994,"end":88.556},{"text":"Restoration","start":88.556,"end":89.247},{"text":"at","start":89.44,"end":89.569},{"text":"Scale.","start":89.665,"end":89.987}]},{"text":"You have the floor.","start":90.79,"end":91.369,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"You","start":90.79,"end":90.887},{"text":"have","start":90.887,"end":91.032},{"text":"the","start":91.112,"end":91.192},{"text":"floor.","start":91.192,"end":91.369}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":null,"affiliation_full":null,"group":null,"function":"Co-Chair"}},{"statement_number":2,"paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you very much, and thank you for this really kind invitation and the opportunity to talk about mangroves for a few 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so if you don't have mangroves in your country, this is what they look like, a beautiful forest often found in other countries where salt marshes would be, but we find mangroves primarily in the tropics and the 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before we talk about the restoration of mangroves, I want to kind of give an introduction of why we need to restore them in the first place.","start":120.51,"end":127.226,"topics":[{"key":"mangrove-restoration","label":"Mangrove Restoration","description":"Speakers discussed restoring lost mangrove forests, including where restoration is biophysically feasible, how to match species to site conditions, and why hydrology and land-use history must be addressed before planting. 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so mangroves were considered, you know, a few decades ago, one of the most threatened ecosystems on the 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rates of 1 to 3% per year were kind of the estimates back then, particularly in the 1960s and 1970s due to aquaculture and 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the late 20th century, we were starting to get a handle on just how much mangrove was being lost, and there was this seminal FAO report in 2007 called \"The State of the World's Mangroves,\" which through a data compilation kind of suggested we were losing them about 1% per 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the state of the world's mangroves is a very complex and nuanced story.","start":274.039,"end":277.439,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":274.039,"end":274.216},{"text":"the","start":274.568,"end":274.649},{"text":"state","start":274.649,"end":274.985},{"text":"of","start":274.985,"end":275.05},{"text":"the","start":275.05,"end":275.13},{"text":"world's","start":275.13,"end":275.306},{"text":"mangroves","start":275.306,"end":275.787},{"text":"is","start":275.787,"end":275.883},{"text":"a","start":275.883,"end":275.948},{"text":"very","start":275.948,"end":276.076},{"text":"complex","start":276.108,"end":276.653},{"text":"and","start":276.653,"end":276.749},{"text":"nuanced","start":276.749,"end":277.054},{"text":"story.","start":277.054,"end":277.439}]},{"text":"But what we do know is that there has been a lot of loss historically, which means that there is a lot of room for us to do mangrove restoration now and into the 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is what I've learned, sometimes the hard way, about how international cooperation on the ocean is built and how it 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relationship was not built on calm waters.","start":1313.941,"end":1316.703,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"That","start":1313.941,"end":1314.053},{"text":"relationship","start":1314.102,"end":1314.68},{"text":"was","start":1314.68,"end":1314.808},{"text":"not","start":1314.904,"end":1315.209},{"text":"built","start":1315.225,"end":1315.611},{"text":"on","start":1315.787,"end":1315.852},{"text":"calm","start":1315.964,"end":1316.237},{"text":"waters.","start":1316.349,"end":1316.703}]},{"text":"It survived the opening of relations between the United States and Cuba in 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does cooperation survive all of that?","start":1347.177,"end":1350.259,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"How","start":1347.177,"end":1347.29},{"text":"does","start":1347.29,"end":1347.484},{"text":"cooperation","start":1347.58,"end":1348.291},{"text":"survive","start":1348.387,"end":1349.178},{"text":"all","start":1349.678,"end":1349.727},{"text":"of","start":1349.775,"end":1349.904},{"text":"that?","start":1349.937,"end":1350.259}]},{"text":"Not by luck, but by design.","start":1352.099,"end":1354.426,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Not","start":1352.099,"end":1352.228},{"text":"by","start":1352.341,"end":1352.47},{"text":"luck,","start":1352.583,"end":1352.841},{"text":"but","start":1353.729,"end":1353.89},{"text":"by","start":1353.89,"end":1354.02},{"text":"design.","start":1354.02,"end":1354.426}]},{"text":"We never let it rest on a single government-to-government 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it will outlast political weather.","start":1384.734,"end":1387.611,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":1384.734,"end":1384.798},{"text":"it","start":1384.879,"end":1385.039},{"text":"will","start":1385.039,"end":1385.104},{"text":"outlast","start":1385.281,"end":1386.116},{"text":"political","start":1386.743,"end":1387.193},{"text":"weather.","start":1387.225,"end":1387.611}]},{"text":"And this method was not a one-off.","start":1389.556,"end":1392.031,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":1389.556,"end":1389.62},{"text":"this","start":1389.636,"end":1389.861},{"text":"method","start":1389.861,"end":1390.761},{"text":"was","start":1390.761,"end":1390.889},{"text":"not","start":1390.986,"end":1391.356},{"text":"a","start":1391.404,"end":1391.548},{"text":"one-off.","start":1391.548,"end":1392.031}]},{"text":"The same approach gave us our sister sanctuaries, the Red Gulfwood Network I mentioned, and a 2024 agreement with the Climate Foundation in Mexico, the Climate Strong 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we have the good fortune of having 97% success rate.","start":1449.583,"end":1454.045,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":1449.583,"end":1449.648},{"text":"we","start":1449.729,"end":1449.81},{"text":"have","start":1449.81,"end":1449.956},{"text":"the","start":1450.005,"end":1450.151},{"text":"good","start":1450.151,"end":1450.314},{"text":"fortune","start":1450.314,"end":1450.687},{"text":"of","start":1450.801,"end":1450.85},{"text":"having","start":1450.85,"end":1451.015},{"text":"97%","start":1451.545,"end":1452.091},{"text":"success","start":1452.356,"end":1453.813},{"text":"rate.","start":1453.846,"end":1454.045}]},{"text":"Now, let me speak directly to the many delegations here from developing states and small island developing 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will, it is a question of capacity.","start":1463.945,"end":1469.615,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Restoration","start":1463.945,"end":1464.555},{"text":"is","start":1464.844,"end":1464.957},{"text":"not","start":1465.005,"end":1465.262},{"text":"only","start":1465.455,"end":1465.792},{"text":"a","start":1465.792,"end":1465.872},{"text":"question","start":1465.872,"end":1466.37},{"text":"of","start":1466.37,"end":1466.483},{"text":"will,","start":1466.515,"end":1466.643},{"text":"it","start":1467.72,"end":1467.784},{"text":"is","start":1467.784,"end":1467.848},{"text":"a","start":1467.896,"end":1467.96},{"text":"question","start":1467.96,"end":1468.491},{"text":"of","start":1468.844,"end":1468.973},{"text":"capacity.","start":1468.989,"end":1469.615}]},{"text":"Too many countries cannot take— fully take part in protecting their own waters, not for lack of commitment, but for lack of tools, training, access to ocean science, and access to technology 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a central part of our work is closing that gap, helping countries to build their own ability to monitor, with field equipment and lab equipment and respond to ocean conditions, and to mobilize the finance to pay for all of 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some of us spent years helping to 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days before the World's High Seas Treaty entered into force, a seat at the table was 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in.","start":1587.19,"end":1590.593,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1587.19,"end":1587.303},{"text":"tide","start":1587.303,"end":1587.611},{"text":"goes","start":1587.611,"end":1587.838},{"text":"out,","start":1587.935,"end":1587.984},{"text":"but","start":1588.827,"end":1588.924},{"text":"it","start":1588.94,"end":1589.07},{"text":"also","start":1589.07,"end":1589.475},{"text":"comes","start":1589.799,"end":1590.026},{"text":"back","start":1590.123,"end":1590.253},{"text":"in.","start":1590.447,"end":1590.593}]},{"text":"Let me give you one concrete frontier.","start":1593.709,"end":1595.749,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Let","start":1593.709,"end":1593.758},{"text":"me","start":1593.758,"end":1593.871},{"text":"give","start":1593.871,"end":1594.017},{"text":"you","start":1594.033,"end":1594.098},{"text":"one","start":1594.211,"end":1594.341},{"text":"concrete","start":1594.843,"end":1595.312},{"text":"frontier.","start":1595.328,"end":1595.749}]},{"text":"Across the ocean lie thousands of wrecks from in the last century, many slowly leaking or about to leak, the oil still sealed in their 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turf.","start":1679.921,"end":1685.779,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"UNESCO,","start":1679.921,"end":1680.389},{"text":"the","start":1680.406,"end":1680.518},{"text":"regional","start":1680.551,"end":1680.809},{"text":"seas","start":1680.809,"end":1681.164},{"text":"bodies,","start":1681.196,"end":1681.648},{"text":"and","start":1681.745,"end":1681.826},{"text":"the","start":1681.826,"end":1681.906},{"text":"sectoral","start":1681.906,"end":1682.294},{"text":"organizations","start":1682.326,"end":1683.101},{"text":"align","start":1683.278,"end":1683.698},{"text":"efforts","start":1683.698,"end":1684.182},{"text":"rather","start":1684.182,"end":1684.472},{"text":"than","start":1684.505,"end":1684.634},{"text":"carve","start":1684.73,"end":1685.005},{"text":"up","start":1685.005,"end":1685.247},{"text":"turf.","start":1685.392,"end":1685.779}]},{"text":"Third, invest in capacity so that every state, not only the wealthiest, can take part in protecting and restoring the coasts and 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finance it so that a line on a map becomes real protection on the water.","start":1699.06,"end":1704.332,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Fourth,","start":1699.06,"end":1699.221},{"text":"finance","start":1699.657,"end":1700.223},{"text":"it","start":1700.223,"end":1700.32},{"text":"so","start":1700.32,"end":1700.61},{"text":"that","start":1700.626,"end":1700.853},{"text":"a","start":1700.853,"end":1701.014},{"text":"line","start":1701.014,"end":1701.321},{"text":"on","start":1701.499,"end":1701.547},{"text":"a","start":1701.58,"end":1701.596},{"text":"map","start":1701.596,"end":1701.919},{"text":"becomes","start":1702.016,"end":1702.452},{"text":"real","start":1702.549,"end":1702.775},{"text":"protection","start":1702.791,"end":1703.26},{"text":"on","start":1703.866,"end":1703.931},{"text":"the","start":1703.963,"end":1704.107},{"text":"water.","start":1704.107,"end":1704.332}]},{"text":"I said at the outset that the system is working, and I meant 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force.","start":1709.486,"end":1711.188,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1709.486,"end":1709.567},{"text":"High","start":1709.567,"end":1709.775},{"text":"Seas","start":1709.823,"end":1710.112},{"text":"Treaty","start":1710.145,"end":1710.466},{"text":"is","start":1710.53,"end":1710.626},{"text":"in","start":1710.626,"end":1710.674},{"text":"force.","start":1710.787,"end":1711.188}]},{"text":"Disciplines on harmful fisheries subsidies are taking hold.","start":1711.574,"end":1715.218,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Disciplines","start":1711.574,"end":1712.12},{"text":"on","start":1712.296,"end":1712.36},{"text":"harmful","start":1712.457,"end":1712.842},{"text":"fisheries","start":1712.938,"end":1713.404},{"text":"subsidies","start":1713.516,"end":1714.046},{"text":"are","start":1714.335,"end":1714.4},{"text":"taking","start":1714.4,"end":1714.705},{"text":"hold.","start":1714.801,"end":1715.218}]},{"text":"A plastics agreement is being negotiated.","start":1715.54,"end":1717.627,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"A","start":1715.54,"end":1715.604},{"text":"plastics","start":1715.604,"end":1716.102},{"text":"agreement","start":1716.102,"end":1716.503},{"text":"is","start":1716.503,"end":1716.615},{"text":"being","start":1716.647,"end":1716.84},{"text":"negotiated.","start":1716.888,"end":1717.627}]},{"text":"Monumentum is building— Monumentum is building towards a moratorium on seabed 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is not to mourn it, it is to use it.","start":1729.27,"end":1733.177,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Our","start":1729.27,"end":1729.417},{"text":"task","start":1729.417,"end":1729.924},{"text":"is","start":1729.924,"end":1730.038},{"text":"not","start":1730.071,"end":1730.316},{"text":"to","start":1730.316,"end":1730.414},{"text":"mourn","start":1730.414,"end":1730.758},{"text":"it,","start":1730.79,"end":1730.97},{"text":"it","start":1731.869,"end":1732.016},{"text":"is","start":1732.016,"end":1732.163},{"text":"to","start":1732.588,"end":1732.768},{"text":"use","start":1732.768,"end":1733.095},{"text":"it.","start":1733.095,"end":1733.177}]},{"text":"The ocean has taught me patience, that change comes slowly and then all at 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presentation is entitled Coral Reef Restoration in Vietnam: Preliminary Results, Challenges and Opportunities.","start":1769.23,"end":1775.828,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1769.23,"end":1769.278},{"text":"presentation","start":1769.342,"end":1769.938},{"text":"is","start":1769.986,"end":1770.066},{"text":"entitled","start":1770.066,"end":1770.63},{"text":"Coral","start":1770.63,"end":1770.919},{"text":"Reef","start":1770.952,"end":1771.193},{"text":"Restoration","start":1771.193,"end":1771.805},{"text":"in","start":1771.917,"end":1771.966},{"text":"Vietnam:","start":1771.998,"end":1772.449},{"text":"Preliminary","start":1773.044,"end":1773.736},{"text":"Results,","start":1773.752,"end":1774.283},{"text":"Challenges","start":1774.396,"end":1774.943},{"text":"and","start":1775.136,"end":1775.201},{"text":"Opportunities.","start":1775.378,"end":1775.828}]},{"text":"You have the 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recognize well the importance of the ecosystem including especially the coral reefs in Vietnam, so the government decide to have an MPA system in Vietnam.","start":1851.184,"end":1867.878,"topics":[{"key":"marine-protected-areas","label":"Marine Protected Areas","description":"Marine protected areas were presented as a core tool for protecting sensitive reefs and other coastal ecosystems while supporting restoration. 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Examples from the North Sea, Caribbean, and Indian Ocean showed that restoration is more effective when countries coordinate rather than act in isolation."},{"key":"mangrove-restoration","label":"Mangrove Restoration","description":"Speakers discussed restoring lost mangrove forests, including where restoration is biophysically feasible, how to match species to site conditions, and why hydrology and land-use history must be addressed before planting. 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that is, is part of our job, is is to come in and look.","start":3083.062,"end":3087.143,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":3083.062,"end":3083.223},{"text":"that","start":3083.641,"end":3083.867},{"text":"is,","start":3083.867,"end":3084.092},{"text":"is","start":3084.381,"end":3084.494},{"text":"part","start":3084.526,"end":3084.767},{"text":"of","start":3084.767,"end":3084.848},{"text":"our","start":3084.848,"end":3085.009},{"text":"job,","start":3085.009,"end":3085.346},{"text":"is","start":3085.411,"end":3085.507},{"text":"is","start":3085.682,"end":3085.81},{"text":"to","start":3085.842,"end":3086.115},{"text":"come","start":3086.469,"end":3086.597},{"text":"in","start":3086.645,"end":3086.79},{"text":"and","start":3086.79,"end":3086.934},{"text":"look.","start":3086.966,"end":3087.143}]},{"text":"We do restore or conserve all 3 of those blue carbon 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for the mangroves to move inland?","start":3100.277,"end":3102.879,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Is","start":3100.277,"end":3100.342},{"text":"there","start":3100.438,"end":3100.679},{"text":"room","start":3100.679,"end":3100.904},{"text":"for","start":3101,"end":3101.273},{"text":"the","start":3101.273,"end":3101.385},{"text":"mangroves","start":3101.385,"end":3101.947},{"text":"to","start":3101.979,"end":3102.124},{"text":"move","start":3102.124,"end":3102.445},{"text":"inland?","start":3102.461,"end":3102.879}]},{"text":"Is there room for things to change as sea level rise happens?","start":3103.264,"end":3107.166,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Is","start":3103.264,"end":3103.312},{"text":"there","start":3103.408,"end":3103.505},{"text":"room","start":3103.665,"end":3103.954},{"text":"for","start":3104.067,"end":3104.452},{"text":"things","start":3104.452,"end":3104.757},{"text":"to","start":3104.789,"end":3104.918},{"text":"change","start":3104.934,"end":3105.367},{"text":"as","start":3105.672,"end":3105.721},{"text":"sea","start":3105.753,"end":3105.977},{"text":"level","start":3105.977,"end":3106.154},{"text":"rise","start":3106.154,"end":3106.427},{"text":"happens?","start":3106.941,"end":3107.166}]},{"text":"Thank you for your question.","start":3107.712,"end":3108.932,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":3107.712,"end":3108.306},{"text":"you","start":3108.306,"end":3108.338},{"text":"for","start":3108.386,"end":3108.434},{"text":"your","start":3108.434,"end":3108.563},{"text":"question.","start":3108.563,"end":3108.932}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Mark Spaulding","affiliation":null,"affiliation_full":null,"group":null,"function":"President and CEO"}},{"statement_number":19,"paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the panelists and delegates for questions and 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International.","start":3122.211,"end":3128.906,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":3122.211,"end":3122.259},{"text":"now","start":3122.307,"end":3122.484},{"text":"wish","start":3122.612,"end":3122.837},{"text":"to","start":3122.837,"end":3122.869},{"text":"give","start":3122.933,"end":3123.094},{"text":"the","start":3123.158,"end":3123.238},{"text":"floor","start":3123.238,"end":3123.431},{"text":"to","start":3123.495,"end":3123.624},{"text":"our","start":3123.64,"end":3123.8},{"text":"4th","start":3123.8,"end":3124.105},{"text":"panelist,","start":3124.218,"end":3124.78},{"text":"Margaret","start":3124.844,"end":3125.245},{"text":"Miller,","start":3125.245,"end":3125.583},{"text":"Chief","start":3126.209,"end":3126.434},{"text":"Science","start":3126.45,"end":3126.851},{"text":"Officer,","start":3126.851,"end":3127.349},{"text":"Secor","start":3127.574,"end":3128.168},{"text":"International.","start":3128.392,"end":3128.906}]},{"text":"The presentation is entitled Cooperative 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coral restoration is, quote, needed.","start":3718.437,"end":3720.972,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Before","start":3718.437,"end":3719.014},{"text":"coral","start":3719.014,"end":3719.48},{"text":"restoration","start":3719.48,"end":3720.025},{"text":"is,","start":3720.057,"end":3720.105},{"text":"quote,","start":3720.218,"end":3720.539},{"text":"needed.","start":3720.603,"end":3720.972}]},{"text":"Because it's gonna be a lot easier and a lot more successful if we begin sooner.","start":3721.742,"end":3725.464,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Because","start":3721.742,"end":3721.918},{"text":"it's","start":3721.918,"end":3722.063},{"text":"gonna","start":3722.063,"end":3722.207},{"text":"be","start":3722.207,"end":3722.303},{"text":"a","start":3722.303,"end":3722.368},{"text":"lot","start":3722.384,"end":3722.56},{"text":"easier","start":3722.56,"end":3722.945},{"text":"and","start":3722.945,"end":3723.009},{"text":"a","start":3723.025,"end":3723.041},{"text":"lot","start":3723.041,"end":3723.25},{"text":"more","start":3723.25,"end":3723.314},{"text":"successful","start":3723.346,"end":3724.036},{"text":"if","start":3724.389,"end":3724.469},{"text":"we","start":3724.469,"end":3724.63},{"text":"begin","start":3724.63,"end":3724.887},{"text":"sooner.","start":3724.951,"end":3725.464}]},{"text":"But within these other regions of the world where coral restoration hasn't been perceived as needed, it hasn't been needed as much, the coral degradation has not been as great, resilience is retained in some of those ecosystems to a greater extent.","start":3726.555,"end":3738.171,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"But","start":3726.555,"end":3726.844},{"text":"within","start":3726.94,"end":3727.229},{"text":"these","start":3728.159,"end":3728.288},{"text":"other","start":3728.384,"end":3728.48},{"text":"regions","start":3728.48,"end":3728.657},{"text":"of","start":3728.657,"end":3728.737},{"text":"the","start":3728.737,"end":3728.865},{"text":"world","start":3728.865,"end":3729.074},{"text":"where","start":3729.186,"end":3729.283},{"text":"coral","start":3729.283,"end":3729.507},{"text":"restoration","start":3729.507,"end":3729.892},{"text":"hasn't","start":3729.988,"end":3730.309},{"text":"been","start":3730.309,"end":3730.454},{"text":"perceived","start":3730.486,"end":3731.015},{"text":"as","start":3731.112,"end":3731.176},{"text":"needed,","start":3731.304,"end":3731.769},{"text":"it","start":3731.866,"end":3731.978},{"text":"hasn't","start":3731.994,"end":3732.251},{"text":"been","start":3732.251,"end":3732.411},{"text":"needed","start":3732.411,"end":3732.668},{"text":"as","start":3732.668,"end":3732.78},{"text":"much,","start":3732.812,"end":3733.069},{"text":"the","start":3733.133,"end":3733.213},{"text":"coral","start":3733.213,"end":3733.438},{"text":"degradation","start":3733.438,"end":3733.919},{"text":"has","start":3733.919,"end":3734.064},{"text":"not","start":3734.096,"end":3734.24},{"text":"been","start":3734.32,"end":3734.433},{"text":"as","start":3734.433,"end":3734.545},{"text":"great,","start":3734.577,"end":3734.962},{"text":"resilience","start":3734.978,"end":3735.427},{"text":"is","start":3735.475,"end":3735.588},{"text":"retained","start":3735.62,"end":3736.021},{"text":"in","start":3736.021,"end":3736.101},{"text":"some","start":3736.101,"end":3736.23},{"text":"of","start":3736.278,"end":3736.342},{"text":"those","start":3736.342,"end":3736.55},{"text":"ecosystems","start":3736.582,"end":3737.144},{"text":"to","start":3737.144,"end":3737.304},{"text":"a","start":3737.304,"end":3737.369},{"text":"greater","start":3737.369,"end":3737.609},{"text":"extent.","start":3737.625,"end":3738.171}]},{"text":"But both the practitioner and the management and permiters just they simply have less experience and are starting from a different baseline in these other regions.","start":3738.893,"end":3746.984,"topics":[{"key":"community-capacity","label":"Community Participation and Capacity Building","description":"Many speakers stressed that restoration depends on local communities, practitioners, and institutions, not only outside experts. Training, benefit sharing, livelihood considerations, and recognition of local knowledge were all presented as essential for long-term success in mangrove and coral restoration."},{"key":"governance-permitting","label":"Governance and Permitting","description":"A recurring theme was that restoration is often constrained less by science than by governance barriers such as land tenure, legal gaps, permits, and fragmented institutional responsibilities. Speakers also highlighted international regulatory obstacles, including CITES and Nagoya-related procedures, that can slow cross-border conservation action."}],"words":[{"text":"But","start":3738.893,"end":3739.214},{"text":"both","start":3739.23,"end":3739.47},{"text":"the","start":3739.551,"end":3739.695},{"text":"practitioner","start":3739.695,"end":3740.385},{"text":"and","start":3740.433,"end":3740.497},{"text":"the","start":3741.139,"end":3741.171},{"text":"management","start":3741.171,"end":3741.733},{"text":"and","start":3741.781,"end":3741.845},{"text":"permiters","start":3741.877,"end":3742.487},{"text":"just","start":3743.305,"end":3743.77},{"text":"they","start":3743.53,"end":3743.578},{"text":"simply","start":3743.578,"end":3743.77},{"text":"have","start":3743.787,"end":3743.947},{"text":"less","start":3743.947,"end":3744.14},{"text":"experience","start":3744.14,"end":3744.686},{"text":"and","start":3744.686,"end":3744.783},{"text":"are","start":3744.783,"end":3744.847},{"text":"starting","start":3744.847,"end":3745.152},{"text":"from","start":3745.233,"end":3745.313},{"text":"a","start":3745.345,"end":3745.474},{"text":"different","start":3745.474,"end":3745.795},{"text":"baseline","start":3745.795,"end":3746.18},{"text":"in","start":3746.213,"end":3746.293},{"text":"these","start":3746.293,"end":3746.437},{"text":"other","start":3746.437,"end":3746.614},{"text":"regions.","start":3746.614,"end":3746.984}]},{"text":"And so the consequence of this, more time and more funding are likely gonna be required in these other regions to be successful and gain these sort of network capacities in coral seeding.","start":3747.819,"end":3760.938,"topics":[{"key":"restoration-finance","label":"Restoration Finance and Blue Economy","description":"Financing emerged as a central issue, from the costs of monitoring and maintenance to the need to make restoration economically competitive with alternative land and sea uses. Discussion also covered blue carbon, public-private partnerships, trust funds, and sustainable blue economy frameworks as ways to mobilize larger-scale investment."},{"key":"community-capacity","label":"Community Participation and Capacity Building","description":"Many speakers stressed that restoration depends on local communities, practitioners, and institutions, not only outside experts. Training, benefit sharing, livelihood considerations, and recognition of local knowledge were all presented as essential for long-term success in mangrove and coral restoration."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":3747.819,"end":3747.948},{"text":"so","start":3747.964,"end":3748.237},{"text":"the","start":3748.446,"end":3748.687},{"text":"consequence","start":3748.687,"end":3749.169},{"text":"of","start":3749.169,"end":3749.233},{"text":"this,","start":3749.265,"end":3749.602},{"text":"more","start":3749.908,"end":3750.101},{"text":"time","start":3750.165,"end":3750.518},{"text":"and","start":3750.695,"end":3750.759},{"text":"more","start":3750.791,"end":3750.888},{"text":"funding","start":3750.952,"end":3751.322},{"text":"are","start":3751.418,"end":3751.514},{"text":"likely","start":3751.514,"end":3751.739},{"text":"gonna","start":3751.739,"end":3751.916},{"text":"be","start":3751.916,"end":3752.109},{"text":"required","start":3752.398,"end":3752.96},{"text":"in","start":3752.96,"end":3753.009},{"text":"these","start":3753.041,"end":3753.169},{"text":"other","start":3753.25,"end":3753.428},{"text":"regions","start":3753.428,"end":3753.897},{"text":"to","start":3754.415,"end":3754.82},{"text":"be","start":3755.127,"end":3755.289},{"text":"successful","start":3755.289,"end":3755.904},{"text":"and","start":3756.179,"end":3756.73},{"text":"gain","start":3756.762,"end":3757.053},{"text":"these","start":3757.086,"end":3757.215},{"text":"sort","start":3757.264,"end":3758.122},{"text":"of","start":3758.122,"end":3758.187},{"text":"network","start":3758.381,"end":3759.028},{"text":"capacities","start":3759.19,"end":3759.886},{"text":"in","start":3760.08,"end":3760.178},{"text":"coral","start":3760.404,"end":3760.647},{"text":"seeding.","start":3760.647,"end":3760.938}]},{"text":"So I'm gonna move back to the Caribbean now.","start":3764.415,"end":3765.909,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":3764.415,"end":3764.578},{"text":"I'm","start":3764.578,"end":3764.659},{"text":"gonna","start":3764.724,"end":3764.837},{"text":"move","start":3764.837,"end":3765.032},{"text":"back","start":3765.065,"end":3765.227},{"text":"to","start":3765.243,"end":3765.324},{"text":"the","start":3765.324,"end":3765.389},{"text":"Caribbean","start":3765.389,"end":3765.795},{"text":"now.","start":3765.795,"end":3765.909}]},{"text":"You've heard quite a bit about the state of Caribbean, the dire state of Caribbean coral reefs over this week.","start":3766.184,"end":3770.786,"topics":[{"key":"coral-reef-restoration","label":"Coral Reef Restoration","description":"Several interventions focused on active coral reef restoration through coral nurseries, fragmentation, larval seeding, artificial substrates, and transplantation. Speakers emphasized both the urgency of saving coral species at risk and the need to scale restoration methods in ways that are scientifically sound and locally applicable."}],"words":[{"text":"You've","start":3766.184,"end":3766.59},{"text":"heard","start":3766.671,"end":3766.915},{"text":"quite","start":3766.915,"end":3767.028},{"text":"a","start":3767.028,"end":3767.093},{"text":"bit","start":3767.093,"end":3767.239},{"text":"about","start":3767.239,"end":3767.45},{"text":"the","start":3767.564,"end":3767.645},{"text":"state","start":3767.645,"end":3767.889},{"text":"of","start":3767.889,"end":3767.97},{"text":"Caribbean,","start":3767.97,"end":3768.359},{"text":"the","start":3768.392,"end":3768.538},{"text":"dire","start":3768.538,"end":3768.668},{"text":"state","start":3768.732,"end":3768.976},{"text":"of","start":3768.976,"end":3769.057},{"text":"Caribbean","start":3769.15,"end":3769.374},{"text":"coral","start":3769.502,"end":3769.743},{"text":"reefs","start":3769.743,"end":3770.064},{"text":"over","start":3770.128,"end":3770.24},{"text":"this","start":3770.24,"end":3770.401},{"text":"week.","start":3770.529,"end":3770.786}]},{"text":"I know several of the earlier presenters have talked about the extreme heat waves that hit the Caribbean in '22 and '23.","start":3770.85,"end":3778.518,"topics":[{"key":"climate-impacts","label":"Climate Impacts on Marine Ecosystems","description":"Climate change was repeatedly identified as a major driver of ecosystem decline, including coral bleaching, severe storms, typhoons, and changing coastal conditions. 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Speakers stressed that restoration must be paired with action on climate pressures, because restoration alone cannot succeed if heat and other threats continue to intensify."}],"words":[{"text":"These","start":3778.952,"end":3779.096},{"text":"were,","start":3779.192,"end":3779.385},{"text":"I","start":3779.609,"end":3779.641},{"text":"guess,","start":3779.69,"end":3779.818},{"text":"a","start":3779.946,"end":3780.075},{"text":"decade","start":3780.075,"end":3780.428},{"text":"or","start":3780.428,"end":3780.556},{"text":"so","start":3780.556,"end":3780.877},{"text":"ahead","start":3780.909,"end":3781.294},{"text":"of","start":3781.294,"end":3781.374},{"text":"when","start":3781.374,"end":3781.502},{"text":"we","start":3781.534,"end":3781.615},{"text":"were","start":3781.679,"end":3781.775},{"text":"predicting","start":3781.775,"end":3782.305},{"text":"heat","start":3783.059,"end":3783.444},{"text":"waves","start":3783.444,"end":3783.7},{"text":"of","start":3783.7,"end":3783.78},{"text":"this","start":3783.78,"end":3783.941},{"text":"magnitude","start":3783.941,"end":3784.502},{"text":"to","start":3784.502,"end":3784.599},{"text":"occur.","start":3784.599,"end":3784.855}]},{"text":"Nonetheless, they coincided as well in the Caribbean with extreme effects from Stony Coral Tissue Loss Disease, which has affected an unprecedented diversity of coral species.","start":3786.187,"end":3795.941,"topics":[{"key":"climate-impacts","label":"Climate Impacts on Marine Ecosystems","description":"Climate change was repeatedly identified as a major driver of ecosystem decline, including coral bleaching, severe storms, typhoons, and changing coastal conditions. 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Speakers stressed that restoration must be paired with action on climate pressures, because restoration alone cannot succeed if heat and other threats continue to intensify."}],"words":[{"text":"So,","start":3795.99,"end":3796.215},{"text":"so","start":3796.231,"end":3796.456},{"text":"many","start":3796.456,"end":3796.632},{"text":"of","start":3796.632,"end":3796.697},{"text":"the","start":3796.697,"end":3796.793},{"text":"species","start":3796.793,"end":3797.307},{"text":"in","start":3797.339,"end":3797.387},{"text":"those","start":3797.484,"end":3797.612},{"text":"systems","start":3797.612,"end":3798.191},{"text":"have","start":3798.544,"end":3798.641},{"text":"been","start":3798.689,"end":3798.753},{"text":"devastated","start":3798.866,"end":3799.38},{"text":"at","start":3799.412,"end":3799.476},{"text":"the","start":3799.492,"end":3799.572},{"text":"same","start":3799.572,"end":3799.797},{"text":"time","start":3799.894,"end":3800.312},{"text":"by","start":3800.954,"end":3801.147},{"text":"disease.","start":3801.195,"end":3801.645}]},{"text":"And so from a population perspective, mass mortality of parent corals often results— and we're seeing this certainly in most Caribbean reef-building species— with generalized recruitment failure.","start":3802.721,"end":3813.904,"topics":[{"key":"climate-impacts","label":"Climate Impacts on Marine Ecosystems","description":"Climate change was repeatedly identified as a major driver of ecosystem decline, including coral bleaching, severe storms, typhoons, and changing coastal conditions. 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conversations.","start":4047.192,"end":4049.738,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":4047.192,"end":4047.354},{"text":"I","start":4047.354,"end":4047.419},{"text":"encourage","start":4047.419,"end":4047.792},{"text":"that","start":4047.825,"end":4048.019},{"text":"to","start":4048.7,"end":4048.749},{"text":"be","start":4048.781,"end":4048.879},{"text":"part","start":4048.879,"end":4049.106},{"text":"of","start":4049.106,"end":4049.155},{"text":"our","start":4049.187,"end":4049.284},{"text":"conversations.","start":4049.284,"end":4049.738}]},{"text":"Thank you very much.","start":4051.09,"end":4051.619,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":4051.09,"end":4051.213},{"text":"you","start":4051.213,"end":4051.283},{"text":"very","start":4051.283,"end":4051.477},{"text":"much.","start":4051.477,"end":4051.619}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Margaret Miller","affiliation":"SECORE","affiliation_full":"SECORE","group":null,"function":"Chief Science Officer"}},{"statement_number":21,"paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you very much for your presentation.","start":4053.759,"end":4055.345,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":4053.759,"end":4054.029},{"text":"you","start":4054.029,"end":4054.164},{"text":"very","start":4054.181,"end":4054.367},{"text":"much","start":4054.367,"end":4054.62},{"text":"for","start":4054.687,"end":4054.788},{"text":"your","start":4054.788,"end":4054.957},{"text":"presentation.","start":4054.957,"end":4055.345}]},{"text":"Now we turn to our fifth Our next panelist, Sanne Arbelien, policy officer, Marine Environment Department, Government of 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presentation is entitled Greater North Sea Basin Initiative: Working Track Nature.","start":4066.859,"end":4072.311,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":4066.859,"end":4067.004},{"text":"presentation","start":4067.004,"end":4067.581},{"text":"is","start":4067.581,"end":4067.709},{"text":"entitled","start":4067.741,"end":4068.287},{"text":"Greater","start":4068.287,"end":4068.639},{"text":"North","start":4068.639,"end":4068.912},{"text":"Sea","start":4069.008,"end":4069.265},{"text":"Basin","start":4069.265,"end":4069.714},{"text":"Initiative:","start":4069.81,"end":4070.515},{"text":"Working","start":4070.948,"end":4071.285},{"text":"Track","start":4071.413,"end":4071.686},{"text":"Nature.","start":4071.894,"end":4072.311}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"You have the floor, sir.","start":4072.953,"end":4074.316,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"You","start":4072.953,"end":4073.017},{"text":"have","start":4073.017,"end":4073.161},{"text":"the","start":4073.37,"end":4073.674},{"text":"floor,","start":4073.674,"end":4073.819},{"text":"sir.","start":4074.22,"end":4074.316}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":null,"affiliation_full":null,"group":null,"function":"Co-Chair"}},{"statement_number":22,"paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you so much, co-chair, and also for the opportunity to speak during this week.","start":4075.342,"end":4080.874,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":4075.342,"end":4075.518},{"text":"you","start":4075.518,"end":4075.615},{"text":"so","start":4075.615,"end":4075.775},{"text":"much,","start":4075.775,"end":4076.016},{"text":"co-chair,","start":4076.881,"end":4077.298},{"text":"and","start":4077.443,"end":4077.507},{"text":"also","start":4077.587,"end":4077.908},{"text":"for","start":4077.908,"end":4078.084},{"text":"the","start":4078.084,"end":4078.164},{"text":"opportunity","start":4078.164,"end":4078.806},{"text":"to","start":4078.87,"end":4078.95},{"text":"speak","start":4078.95,"end":4079.351},{"text":"during","start":4080.169,"end":4080.361},{"text":"this","start":4080.409,"end":4080.521},{"text":"week.","start":4080.65,"end":4080.874}]},{"text":"I've been fortunate or lucky enough to have been listening to all of the other presentations this week, and some of the things that of course came by resonated as well, where there was a call or a need for more cross-border collaboration, but also more cross-sectoral collaboration where it cannot be restoration alone.","start":4081.836,"end":4099.29,"topics":[{"key":"regional-collaboration","label":"Regional Collaboration and Knowledge Sharing","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for cooperation across borders and sectors, including regional restoration networks, shared training, and exchange of coral larvae or resilient genotypes. 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the gap analysis, 6 priority shared barriers emerged, such as lack of joint political will to prioritize nature, the need for understanding the value of nature, the lack of sea-basin-wide maps of biologically valuable and sensitive areas, insufficient cooperation on nature restoration projects and conservation plans between countries, the complicated relationships between and within administrations regarding sectoral demands.","start":4456.47,"end":4481.573,"topics":[{"key":"regional-collaboration","label":"Regional Collaboration and Knowledge Sharing","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for cooperation across borders and sectors, including regional restoration networks, shared training, and exchange of coral larvae or resilient genotypes. 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in order to set forward their activities, they need to make sure that fisheries are preserved.","start":4583.55,"end":4588.78,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":4583.55,"end":4583.55},{"text":"in","start":4583.55,"end":4583.75},{"text":"order","start":4583.75,"end":4584.01},{"text":"to","start":4584.01,"end":4584.31},{"text":"set","start":4584.31,"end":4584.57},{"text":"forward","start":4584.57,"end":4584.81},{"text":"their","start":4584.81,"end":4585.09},{"text":"activities,","start":4585.09,"end":4585.74},{"text":"they","start":4586.27,"end":4586.31},{"text":"need","start":4586.31,"end":4586.75},{"text":"to","start":4586.75,"end":4586.95},{"text":"make","start":4586.95,"end":4587.25},{"text":"sure","start":4587.25,"end":4587.43},{"text":"that","start":4587.43,"end":4587.65},{"text":"fisheries","start":4587.65,"end":4588.05},{"text":"are","start":4588.05,"end":4588.23},{"text":"preserved.","start":4588.23,"end":4588.78}]},{"text":"So we are looking now into how to further identify critical fish habitat areas, not only for the commercially fished species, but also for the prey species upon which those commercially dependent fish species 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we are also generating new knowledge.","start":4603.66,"end":4606.1,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Fourth,","start":4603.66,"end":4604.31},{"text":"we","start":4604.31,"end":4604.33},{"text":"are","start":4604.33,"end":4604.55},{"text":"also","start":4604.55,"end":4604.71},{"text":"generating","start":4604.71,"end":4605.19},{"text":"new","start":4605.19,"end":4605.45},{"text":"knowledge.","start":4605.45,"end":4606.1}]},{"text":"We heard some, uh,— some remarks already also this week with regarding to indicators.","start":4606.15,"end":4612.96,"topics":[{"key":"monitoring-reporting","label":"Monitoring, Reporting, and Indicators","description":"Participants highlighted the need for better monitoring of restoration outcomes, including failures, and for more consistent reporting against global biodiversity targets. 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Common indicators, comparable methods, and platforms for tracking progress were presented as necessary to learn from projects and demonstrate impact at scale."},{"key":"restoration-finance","label":"Restoration Finance and Blue Economy","description":"Financing emerged as a central issue, from the costs of monitoring and maintenance to the need to make restoration economically competitive with alternative land and sea uses. Discussion also covered blue carbon, public-private partnerships, trust funds, and sustainable blue economy frameworks as ways to mobilize larger-scale investment."}],"words":[{"text":"Because","start":4752.69,"end":4752.79},{"text":"of","start":4752.79,"end":4753.03},{"text":"course","start":4753.03,"end":4753.15},{"text":"it","start":4753.15,"end":4753.29},{"text":"cannot","start":4753.29,"end":4753.51},{"text":"cost","start":4753.51,"end":4753.83},{"text":"extra","start":4753.83,"end":4754.21},{"text":"money.","start":4754.21,"end":4754.79}]},{"text":"Is there sufficient data for those indicators?","start":4754.79,"end":4757.16,"topics":[{"key":"monitoring-reporting","label":"Monitoring, Reporting, and Indicators","description":"Participants highlighted the need for better monitoring of restoration outcomes, including failures, and for more consistent reporting against global biodiversity targets. Common indicators, comparable methods, and platforms for tracking progress were presented as necessary to learn from projects and demonstrate impact at scale."}],"words":[{"text":"Is","start":4754.79,"end":4754.97},{"text":"there","start":4754.97,"end":4755.15},{"text":"sufficient","start":4755.15,"end":4755.59},{"text":"data","start":4755.59,"end":4756.03},{"text":"for","start":4756.03,"end":4756.29},{"text":"those","start":4756.29,"end":4756.51},{"text":"indicators?","start":4756.51,"end":4757.16}]},{"text":"And how are they also linked to the Kunming Global Biodiversity Framework, OSPAR, and EU legislation?","start":4757.47,"end":4763.42,"topics":[{"key":"governance-permitting","label":"Governance and Permitting","description":"A recurring theme was that restoration is often constrained less by science than by governance barriers such as land tenure, legal gaps, permits, and fragmented institutional responsibilities. Speakers also highlighted international regulatory obstacles, including CITES and Nagoya-related procedures, that can slow cross-border conservation action."},{"key":"monitoring-reporting","label":"Monitoring, Reporting, and Indicators","description":"Participants highlighted the need for better monitoring of restoration outcomes, including failures, and for more consistent reporting against global biodiversity targets. Common indicators, comparable methods, and platforms for tracking progress were presented as necessary to learn from projects and demonstrate impact at scale."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":4757.47,"end":4757.87},{"text":"how","start":4757.87,"end":4758.15},{"text":"are","start":4758.15,"end":4758.47},{"text":"they","start":4758.47,"end":4759.07},{"text":"also","start":4759.07,"end":4759.47},{"text":"linked","start":4759.47,"end":4759.89},{"text":"to","start":4759.89,"end":4760.21},{"text":"the","start":4760.21,"end":4760.39},{"text":"Kunming","start":4760.39,"end":4760.71},{"text":"Global","start":4760.71,"end":4760.99},{"text":"Biodiversity","start":4760.99,"end":4761.65},{"text":"Framework,","start":4761.65,"end":4762.25},{"text":"OSPAR,","start":4762.25,"end":4762.65},{"text":"and","start":4762.65,"end":4762.83},{"text":"EU","start":4762.83,"end":4762.97},{"text":"legislation?","start":4762.97,"end":4763.42}]},{"text":"Lastly, are there any gaps that are identified within the suitable existing indicators that we can fast-track.","start":4764.17,"end":4770.543,"topics":[{"key":"monitoring-reporting","label":"Monitoring, Reporting, and Indicators","description":"Participants highlighted the need for better monitoring of restoration outcomes, including failures, and for more consistent reporting against global biodiversity targets. 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you for your attention, and you can always contact me or my colleague Emily afterwards.","start":5062.218,"end":5066.695,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":5062.218,"end":5062.426},{"text":"you","start":5062.426,"end":5062.523},{"text":"for","start":5062.523,"end":5062.651},{"text":"your","start":5062.651,"end":5062.828},{"text":"attention,","start":5062.828,"end":5063.309},{"text":"and","start":5063.325,"end":5063.389},{"text":"you","start":5063.389,"end":5063.55},{"text":"can","start":5063.55,"end":5063.71},{"text":"always","start":5063.71,"end":5063.935},{"text":"contact","start":5064.031,"end":5064.4},{"text":"me","start":5064.448,"end":5064.593},{"text":"or","start":5064.609,"end":5064.705},{"text":"my","start":5064.705,"end":5064.914},{"text":"colleague","start":5064.914,"end":5065.251},{"text":"Emily","start":5065.251,"end":5065.54},{"text":"afterwards.","start":5066.053,"end":5066.695}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Sanne Arbelien","affiliation":"Marine Environment 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think.","start":5070.643,"end":5074.783,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Some","start":5070.643,"end":5070.835},{"text":"of","start":5070.932,"end":5071.012},{"text":"these","start":5071.012,"end":5071.156},{"text":"lessons","start":5071.253,"end":5071.557},{"text":"learned","start":5071.67,"end":5072.039},{"text":"could","start":5072.312,"end":5072.488},{"text":"probably","start":5072.552,"end":5073.114},{"text":"be","start":5073.114,"end":5073.21},{"text":"used","start":5073.274,"end":5073.499},{"text":"in","start":5073.499,"end":5073.579},{"text":"diplomacy","start":5073.579,"end":5074.077},{"text":"as","start":5074.077,"end":5074.125},{"text":"well,","start":5074.221,"end":5074.382},{"text":"I","start":5074.398,"end":5074.478},{"text":"think.","start":5074.478,"end":5074.783}]},{"text":"Thank you so 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Office.","start":5076.901,"end":5084.251,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":5076.901,"end":5077.014},{"text":"will","start":5077.11,"end":5077.206},{"text":"now","start":5077.206,"end":5077.399},{"text":"hear","start":5077.511,"end":5077.72},{"text":"from","start":5077.832,"end":5077.992},{"text":"the","start":5078.089,"end":5078.185},{"text":"sixth","start":5078.185,"end":5078.65},{"text":"and","start":5078.65,"end":5078.795},{"text":"last","start":5078.795,"end":5079.116},{"text":"panelist","start":5079.116,"end":5079.613},{"text":"for","start":5079.613,"end":5079.774},{"text":"this","start":5079.774,"end":5079.902},{"text":"afternoon,","start":5079.998,"end":5080.464},{"text":"Jamil","start":5080.656,"end":5081.138},{"text":"Ahmad,","start":5081.202,"end":5081.587},{"text":"Director","start":5082.036,"end":5082.486},{"text":"for","start":5082.486,"end":5082.598},{"text":"the","start":5082.598,"end":5082.823},{"text":"UNEP","start":5082.823,"end":5083.24},{"text":"New","start":5083.465,"end":5083.609},{"text":"York","start":5083.609,"end":5083.946},{"text":"Office.","start":5083.946,"end":5084.251}]},{"text":"The presentation is entitled From Ridge to Reef: The UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration and UNEP's work in marine and coastal ecosystems.","start":5084.909,"end":5094.689,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":5084.909,"end":5085.021},{"text":"presentation","start":5085.069,"end":5085.824},{"text":"is","start":5085.856,"end":5085.92},{"text":"entitled","start":5086.016,"end":5086.594},{"text":"From","start":5086.594,"end":5086.786},{"text":"Ridge","start":5086.899,"end":5087.123},{"text":"to","start":5087.236,"end":5087.412},{"text":"Reef:","start":5087.476,"end":5087.958},{"text":"The","start":5088.038,"end":5088.182},{"text":"UN","start":5088.199,"end":5088.407},{"text":"Decade","start":5088.519,"end":5089.065},{"text":"on","start":5089.065,"end":5089.129},{"text":"Ecosystem","start":5089.21,"end":5089.693},{"text":"Restoration","start":5089.806,"end":5090.499},{"text":"and","start":5091.16,"end":5091.305},{"text":"UNEP's","start":5091.579,"end":5092.175},{"text":"work","start":5092.224,"end":5092.481},{"text":"in","start":5092.61,"end":5092.755},{"text":"marine","start":5092.788,"end":5093.158},{"text":"and","start":5093.255,"end":5093.336},{"text":"coastal","start":5093.432,"end":5093.932},{"text":"ecosystems.","start":5093.996,"end":5094.689}]},{"text":"You have the floor, sir.","start":5095.028,"end":5095.769,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"You","start":5095.028,"end":5095.06},{"text":"have","start":5095.06,"end":5095.27},{"text":"the","start":5095.27,"end":5095.302},{"text":"floor,","start":5095.302,"end":5095.512},{"text":"sir.","start":5095.528,"end":5095.769}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":null,"affiliation_full":null,"group":null,"function":"Co-Chair"}},{"statement_number":24,"paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you.","start":5099.01,"end":5099.348,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":5099.01,"end":5099.187},{"text":"you.","start":5099.187,"end":5099.348}]},{"text":"Thank you, co-chairs and excellencies, distinguished guests.","start":5099.752,"end":5104.252,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":5099.752,"end":5099.913},{"text":"you,","start":5099.913,"end":5099.994},{"text":"co-chairs","start":5100.01,"end":5100.542},{"text":"and","start":5101.445,"end":5101.591},{"text":"excellencies,","start":5102.091,"end":5102.639},{"text":"distinguished","start":5102.736,"end":5103.446},{"text":"guests.","start":5104.123,"end":5104.252}]},{"text":"It is a pleasure to present to you the work of UNEP in this 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one?","start":5122.162,"end":5123.261,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Do","start":5122.162,"end":5122.39},{"text":"we","start":5122.39,"end":5122.438},{"text":"go","start":5122.438,"end":5122.568},{"text":"to","start":5122.568,"end":5122.714},{"text":"the","start":5122.714,"end":5122.843},{"text":"last","start":5122.843,"end":5123.052},{"text":"one?","start":5123.212,"end":5123.261}]},{"text":"Yeah.","start":5124.482,"end":5126.442,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Yeah.","start":5124.482,"end":5126.442}]},{"text":"So our planet is often called the blue planet, yet we rarely stop to consider just how much we owe to the ocean.","start":5127.535,"end":5134.278,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":5127.535,"end":5127.679},{"text":"our","start":5128.017,"end":5128.177},{"text":"planet","start":5128.258,"end":5128.531},{"text":"is","start":5128.531,"end":5128.659},{"text":"often","start":5128.659,"end":5128.965},{"text":"called","start":5128.981,"end":5129.334},{"text":"the","start":5129.704,"end":5129.784},{"text":"blue","start":5129.784,"end":5129.977},{"text":"planet,","start":5130.041,"end":5130.443},{"text":"yet","start":5130.588,"end":5130.909},{"text":"we","start":5130.909,"end":5131.021},{"text":"rarely","start":5131.021,"end":5131.391},{"text":"stop","start":5131.391,"end":5131.744},{"text":"to","start":5131.744,"end":5131.825},{"text":"consider","start":5131.889,"end":5132.292},{"text":"just","start":5132.292,"end":5132.599},{"text":"how","start":5132.599,"end":5132.728},{"text":"much","start":5133.018,"end":5133.261},{"text":"we","start":5133.325,"end":5133.487},{"text":"owe","start":5133.584,"end":5133.729},{"text":"to","start":5133.761,"end":5133.89},{"text":"the","start":5133.89,"end":5134.068},{"text":"ocean.","start":5134.068,"end":5134.278}]},{"text":"Every second breath that we take comes from it.","start":5135.279,"end":5138.929,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Every","start":5135.279,"end":5135.489},{"text":"second","start":5135.764,"end":5136.216},{"text":"breath","start":5136.248,"end":5136.571},{"text":"that","start":5137.298,"end":5137.459},{"text":"we","start":5137.459,"end":5137.621},{"text":"take","start":5137.621,"end":5137.879},{"text":"comes","start":5138.347,"end":5138.638},{"text":"from","start":5138.654,"end":5138.848},{"text":"it.","start":5138.848,"end":5138.929}]},{"text":"It regulates our climate.","start":5139.881,"end":5140.915,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"It","start":5139.881,"end":5139.962},{"text":"regulates","start":5140.027,"end":5140.527},{"text":"our","start":5140.527,"end":5140.689},{"text":"climate.","start":5140.689,"end":5140.915}]},{"text":"Feeds billions of people, protects our coastlines, supports livelihood and economies, and connects communities across the 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mangroves to seagrass meadows and coastal 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the UN Decade of Ecosystem Restoration.","start":5178.373,"end":5183.999,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":5178.373,"end":5178.437},{"text":"it","start":5178.518,"end":5178.68},{"text":"is","start":5178.68,"end":5178.744},{"text":"this","start":5178.777,"end":5178.939},{"text":"belief","start":5178.939,"end":5179.294},{"text":"that","start":5179.892,"end":5180.054},{"text":"sits","start":5180.054,"end":5180.394},{"text":"at","start":5180.474,"end":5180.555},{"text":"the","start":5180.555,"end":5180.701},{"text":"heart","start":5180.701,"end":5181.04},{"text":"of","start":5181.121,"end":5181.25},{"text":"the","start":5181.267,"end":5181.364},{"text":"UN","start":5181.364,"end":5181.558},{"text":"Decade","start":5181.606,"end":5182.059},{"text":"of","start":5182.398,"end":5182.56},{"text":"Ecosystem","start":5182.56,"end":5183.255},{"text":"Restoration.","start":5183.53,"end":5183.999}]},{"text":"Proclaimed by the UN General Assembly for 2021-30 and led by UNEP and FAO, the Decade of Ecosystem Restoration is a global movement to prevent, halt, and reverse ecosystem 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is no longer seen simply as an environmental activity.","start":5203.264,"end":5207.617,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Restoration","start":5203.264,"end":5203.73},{"text":"is","start":5203.826,"end":5203.891},{"text":"no","start":5203.939,"end":5204.18},{"text":"longer","start":5205.288,"end":5205.609},{"text":"seen","start":5205.609,"end":5205.931},{"text":"simply","start":5205.931,"end":5206.38},{"text":"as","start":5206.477,"end":5206.573},{"text":"an","start":5206.573,"end":5206.621},{"text":"environmental","start":5206.637,"end":5207.135},{"text":"activity.","start":5207.135,"end":5207.617}]},{"text":"It is increasingly recognized as an investment in resilience, livelihood, food security, climate adaptation, and sustainable development.","start":5208.324,"end":5217.223,"topics":[{"key":"restoration-finance","label":"Restoration Finance and Blue Economy","description":"Financing emerged as a central issue, from the costs of monitoring and maintenance to the need to make restoration 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support this transformation, the UN Decade's focus is on three main pathways.","start":5264.878,"end":5270.389,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"To","start":5264.878,"end":5264.958},{"text":"support","start":5264.958,"end":5265.569},{"text":"this","start":5265.681,"end":5265.81},{"text":"transformation,","start":5265.922,"end":5266.597},{"text":"the","start":5267.449,"end":5267.593},{"text":"UN","start":5267.593,"end":5267.802},{"text":"Decade's","start":5267.931,"end":5268.413},{"text":"focus","start":5268.477,"end":5268.895},{"text":"is","start":5268.895,"end":5268.991},{"text":"on","start":5268.991,"end":5269.056},{"text":"three","start":5269.136,"end":5269.313},{"text":"main","start":5269.521,"end":5269.811},{"text":"pathways.","start":5269.939,"end":5270.389}]},{"text":"Number 1, building a global movement by raising awareness, driving behavior change, and empowering at Generation 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last but not least, the World Restoration Flagships, which is a platform to recognize the most ambitious and impactful restoration initiatives 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UN World Restoration Flagship program under the UN Decade recognizes promotes large-scale ecosystem restoration initiatives that demonstrate measurable ecological and socio-economic impact and serve as a model that can be replicated globally.","start":5345.51,"end":5362.286,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":5345.51,"end":5345.558},{"text":"UN","start":5345.558,"end":5345.818},{"text":"World","start":5346.762,"end":5347.071},{"text":"Restoration","start":5347.071,"end":5347.607},{"text":"Flagship","start":5347.656,"end":5348.063},{"text":"program","start":5348.063,"end":5348.502},{"text":"under","start":5348.778,"end":5348.957},{"text":"the","start":5349.038,"end":5349.12},{"text":"UN","start":5349.12,"end":5349.266},{"text":"Decade","start":5349.364,"end":5349.738},{"text":"recognizes","start":5349.917,"end":5350.551},{"text":"promotes","start":5350.896,"end":5351.475},{"text":"large-scale","start":5351.635,"end":5352.133},{"text":"ecosystem","start":5352.133,"end":5352.663},{"text":"restoration","start":5352.679,"end":5353.177},{"text":"initiatives","start":5353.226,"end":5353.772},{"text":"that","start":5354.35,"end":5354.495},{"text":"demonstrate","start":5354.511,"end":5355.137},{"text":"measurable","start":5355.153,"end":5355.668},{"text":"ecological","start":5355.668,"end":5356.246},{"text":"and","start":5356.278,"end":5356.342},{"text":"socio-economic","start":5356.374,"end":5357.097},{"text":"impact","start":5357.178,"end":5357.756},{"text":"and","start":5358.142,"end":5358.206},{"text":"serve","start":5358.302,"end":5358.752},{"text":"as","start":5359.105,"end":5359.234},{"text":"a","start":5359.33,"end":5359.346},{"text":"model","start":5359.346,"end":5359.796},{"text":"that","start":5360.15,"end":5360.391},{"text":"can","start":5360.391,"end":5360.503},{"text":"be","start":5360.632,"end":5360.824},{"text":"replicated","start":5361.033,"end":5361.724},{"text":"globally.","start":5361.901,"end":5362.286}]},{"text":"Since its launch, 27 initiatives have been recognized, with 8 new being launched this year.","start":5363.443,"end":5370.126,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Since","start":5363.443,"end":5363.764},{"text":"its","start":5363.764,"end":5363.925},{"text":"launch,","start":5363.989,"end":5364.407},{"text":"27","start":5364.825,"end":5365.483},{"text":"initiatives","start":5365.596,"end":5366.142},{"text":"have","start":5366.174,"end":5366.383},{"text":"been","start":5366.415,"end":5366.528},{"text":"recognized,","start":5366.576,"end":5367.315},{"text":"with","start":5368.086,"end":5368.23},{"text":"8","start":5368.487,"end":5368.664},{"text":"new","start":5368.712,"end":5368.841},{"text":"being","start":5369.05,"end":5369.194},{"text":"launched","start":5369.291,"end":5369.708},{"text":"this","start":5369.708,"end":5369.837},{"text":"year.","start":5369.933,"end":5370.126}]},{"text":"Together, these flagships show that restoration is already happening at scale with around 18.1 million hectares hectares under active restoration and another 75 million hectares committed.","start":5371.09,"end":5383.885,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Together,","start":5371.09,"end":5371.54},{"text":"these","start":5372.038,"end":5372.247},{"text":"flagships","start":5372.279,"end":5372.697},{"text":"show","start":5372.697,"end":5373.002},{"text":"that","start":5373.002,"end":5373.178},{"text":"restoration","start":5373.227,"end":5373.805},{"text":"is","start":5373.805,"end":5373.934},{"text":"already","start":5373.95,"end":5374.303},{"text":"happening","start":5374.351,"end":5374.656},{"text":"at","start":5374.753,"end":5374.833},{"text":"scale","start":5374.833,"end":5375.315},{"text":"with","start":5375.331,"end":5375.524},{"text":"around","start":5375.653,"end":5376.102},{"text":"18.1","start":5376.279,"end":5377.211},{"text":"million","start":5377.275,"end":5377.596},{"text":"hectares","start":5377.645,"end":5377.87},{"text":"hectares","start":5377.87,"end":5378.271},{"text":"under","start":5378.447,"end":5378.704},{"text":"active","start":5378.848,"end":5379.233},{"text":"restoration","start":5379.409,"end":5379.955},{"text":"and","start":5381.174,"end":5381.334},{"text":"another","start":5381.334,"end":5381.639},{"text":"75","start":5381.655,"end":5382.473},{"text":"million","start":5382.57,"end":5382.922},{"text":"hectares","start":5382.955,"end":5383.324},{"text":"committed.","start":5383.5,"end":5383.885}]},{"text":"This demonstrates that restoration is not just a vision for future, but something already delivering tangible impact today.","start":5385.04,"end":5391.537,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":5385.04,"end":5385.264},{"text":"demonstrates","start":5385.264,"end":5386.034},{"text":"that","start":5386.163,"end":5386.339},{"text":"restoration","start":5386.339,"end":5386.917},{"text":"is","start":5386.965,"end":5387.013},{"text":"not","start":5387.045,"end":5387.205},{"text":"just","start":5387.205,"end":5387.462},{"text":"a","start":5387.462,"end":5387.526},{"text":"vision","start":5387.526,"end":5387.783},{"text":"for","start":5387.847,"end":5388.072},{"text":"future,","start":5388.072,"end":5388.409},{"text":"but","start":5388.874,"end":5388.954},{"text":"something","start":5388.954,"end":5389.403},{"text":"already","start":5389.596,"end":5389.932},{"text":"delivering","start":5389.932,"end":5390.35},{"text":"tangible","start":5390.478,"end":5391.039},{"text":"impact","start":5391.039,"end":5391.36},{"text":"today.","start":5391.36,"end":5391.537}]},{"text":"One of the biggest challenges we face in marine ecosystem restoration is that we still do not have a complete picture of what is happening globally.","start":5392.724,"end":5399.926,"topics":[{"key":"monitoring-reporting","label":"Monitoring, Reporting, and Indicators","description":"Participants highlighted the need for better monitoring of restoration outcomes, including failures, and for more consistent reporting against global biodiversity targets. Common indicators, comparable methods, and platforms for tracking progress were presented as necessary to learn from projects and demonstrate impact at scale."}],"words":[{"text":"One","start":5392.724,"end":5392.868},{"text":"of","start":5392.884,"end":5392.964},{"text":"the","start":5392.964,"end":5393.06},{"text":"biggest","start":5393.06,"end":5393.301},{"text":"challenges","start":5393.301,"end":5393.75},{"text":"we","start":5393.847,"end":5393.927},{"text":"face","start":5393.927,"end":5394.264},{"text":"in","start":5394.264,"end":5394.344},{"text":"marine","start":5394.344,"end":5394.665},{"text":"ecosystem","start":5394.665,"end":5395.13},{"text":"restoration","start":5395.146,"end":5395.755},{"text":"is","start":5396.365,"end":5396.557},{"text":"that","start":5396.67,"end":5396.91},{"text":"we","start":5396.91,"end":5397.071},{"text":"still","start":5397.071,"end":5397.472},{"text":"do","start":5397.472,"end":5397.632},{"text":"not","start":5397.632,"end":5397.857},{"text":"have","start":5397.857,"end":5398.033},{"text":"a","start":5398.033,"end":5398.049},{"text":"complete","start":5398.113,"end":5398.514},{"text":"picture","start":5398.514,"end":5398.851},{"text":"of","start":5398.851,"end":5398.964},{"text":"what","start":5398.996,"end":5399.156},{"text":"is","start":5399.156,"end":5399.236},{"text":"happening","start":5399.236,"end":5399.525},{"text":"globally.","start":5399.541,"end":5399.926}]},{"text":"According to countries reporting to the Convention on Biological Diversity, around 193 million hectares had been placed under restoration by 2025.","start":5401.001,"end":5410.731,"topics":[{"key":"monitoring-reporting","label":"Monitoring, Reporting, and Indicators","description":"Participants highlighted the need for better monitoring of restoration outcomes, including failures, and for more consistent reporting against global biodiversity targets. Common indicators, comparable methods, and platforms for tracking progress were presented as necessary to learn from projects and demonstrate impact at scale."}],"words":[{"text":"According","start":5401.001,"end":5401.306},{"text":"to","start":5401.386,"end":5401.482},{"text":"countries","start":5401.482,"end":5401.931},{"text":"reporting","start":5402.38,"end":5402.814},{"text":"to","start":5402.846,"end":5402.99},{"text":"the","start":5402.99,"end":5403.199},{"text":"Convention","start":5403.231,"end":5403.68},{"text":"on","start":5403.728,"end":5403.776},{"text":"Biological","start":5403.808,"end":5404.353},{"text":"Diversity,","start":5404.37,"end":5404.899},{"text":"around","start":5405.557,"end":5405.863},{"text":"193","start":5405.863,"end":5407.26},{"text":"million","start":5407.26,"end":5407.55},{"text":"hectares","start":5407.566,"end":5407.951},{"text":"had","start":5407.984,"end":5408.209},{"text":"been","start":5408.209,"end":5408.305},{"text":"placed","start":5408.385,"end":5408.787},{"text":"under","start":5408.851,"end":5409.028},{"text":"restoration","start":5409.028,"end":5409.671},{"text":"by","start":5409.671,"end":5409.767},{"text":"2025.","start":5409.831,"end":5410.731}]},{"text":"However, almost all of this reported restoration, which is almost 98%, focuses on terrestrial ecosystems.","start":5411.422,"end":5418.556,"topics":[{"key":"monitoring-reporting","label":"Monitoring, Reporting, and Indicators","description":"Participants highlighted the need for better monitoring of restoration outcomes, including failures, and for more consistent reporting against global biodiversity targets. Common indicators, comparable methods, and platforms for tracking progress were presented as necessary to learn from projects and demonstrate impact at scale."}],"words":[{"text":"However,","start":5411.422,"end":5411.808},{"text":"almost","start":5412.242,"end":5412.515},{"text":"all","start":5412.708,"end":5412.82},{"text":"of","start":5412.868,"end":5412.933},{"text":"this","start":5412.965,"end":5413.125},{"text":"reported","start":5413.125,"end":5413.527},{"text":"restoration,","start":5413.527,"end":5414.057},{"text":"which","start":5414.395,"end":5414.571},{"text":"is","start":5414.571,"end":5414.652},{"text":"almost","start":5414.652,"end":5414.973},{"text":"98%,","start":5414.973,"end":5415.857},{"text":"focuses","start":5416.243,"end":5416.789},{"text":"on","start":5417.287,"end":5417.335},{"text":"terrestrial","start":5417.383,"end":5417.93},{"text":"ecosystems.","start":5417.93,"end":5418.556}]},{"text":"In contrast, freshwater, marine, and coastal ecosystems together account for just 2% of reported restoration efforts.","start":5419.954,"end":5426.992,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":5419.954,"end":5420.003},{"text":"contrast,","start":5420.099,"end":5420.758},{"text":"freshwater,","start":5421.063,"end":5421.786},{"text":"marine,","start":5421.866,"end":5422.172},{"text":"and","start":5422.204,"end":5422.332},{"text":"coastal","start":5422.348,"end":5422.702},{"text":"ecosystems","start":5422.702,"end":5423.216},{"text":"together","start":5423.248,"end":5423.779},{"text":"account","start":5424.277,"end":5424.614},{"text":"for","start":5424.614,"end":5424.759},{"text":"just","start":5424.775,"end":5425.016},{"text":"2%","start":5425.016,"end":5425.176},{"text":"of","start":5425.642,"end":5425.691},{"text":"reported","start":5425.755,"end":5426.221},{"text":"restoration","start":5426.221,"end":5426.655},{"text":"efforts.","start":5426.703,"end":5426.992}]},{"text":"So through the UN World Restoration Flagship Program, 8 of the 27 recognized flagship focus on marine and coastal systems— coastal ecosystems spanning across Africa, Asia, Australia, and Oceania, and Europe and Latin America.","start":5428.053,"end":5443.966,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":5428.053,"end":5428.197},{"text":"through","start":5428.229,"end":5428.39},{"text":"the","start":5428.39,"end":5428.486},{"text":"UN","start":5428.486,"end":5428.744},{"text":"World","start":5429.113,"end":5429.434},{"text":"Restoration","start":5429.434,"end":5429.997},{"text":"Flagship","start":5429.997,"end":5430.463},{"text":"Program,","start":5430.463,"end":5430.832},{"text":"8","start":5431.507,"end":5431.892},{"text":"of","start":5432.069,"end":5432.229},{"text":"the","start":5432.229,"end":5432.438},{"text":"27","start":5432.567,"end":5433.337},{"text":"recognized","start":5433.466,"end":5434.076},{"text":"flagship","start":5434.076,"end":5434.477},{"text":"focus","start":5434.477,"end":5434.847},{"text":"on","start":5435.039,"end":5435.087},{"text":"marine","start":5435.152,"end":5435.489},{"text":"and","start":5435.537,"end":5435.681},{"text":"coastal","start":5435.697,"end":5436.179},{"text":"systems—","start":5436.179,"end":5436.629},{"text":"coastal","start":5437.126,"end":5437.464},{"text":"ecosystems","start":5437.464,"end":5438.154},{"text":"spanning","start":5438.748,"end":5439.117},{"text":"across","start":5439.165,"end":5439.535},{"text":"Africa,","start":5439.535,"end":5439.84},{"text":"Asia,","start":5439.856,"end":5440.177},{"text":"Australia,","start":5440.193,"end":5441.67},{"text":"and","start":5441.863,"end":5441.927},{"text":"Oceania,","start":5441.959,"end":5442.521},{"text":"and","start":5442.585,"end":5442.666},{"text":"Europe","start":5442.746,"end":5443.083},{"text":"and","start":5443.083,"end":5443.228},{"text":"Latin","start":5443.228,"end":5443.484},{"text":"America.","start":5443.484,"end":5443.966}]},{"text":"Together, these initiatives demonstrate a wide range of restoration approaches, including coral reef, mangroves, and coastal habitats, marine biodiversity and fisheries restoration, and integrated island and seascape 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flagships show that marine restoration can deliver measurable benefits for biodiversity, climate resilience, sustainable livelihood in coastal communities while providing valuable models that can be replicated.","start":5461.583,"end":5475.065,"topics":[{"key":"community-capacity","label":"Community Participation and Capacity Building","description":"Many speakers stressed that restoration depends on local communities, practitioners, and institutions, not only outside experts. 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Speakers emphasized both the urgency of saving coral species at risk and the need to scale restoration methods in ways that are scientifically sound and locally applicable."}],"words":[{"text":"Although","start":5498.916,"end":5499.188},{"text":"relatively","start":5499.316,"end":5499.813},{"text":"small","start":5499.813,"end":5500.31},{"text":"in","start":5500.454,"end":5500.502},{"text":"size,","start":5500.599,"end":5500.983},{"text":"it","start":5501.56,"end":5501.657},{"text":"contains","start":5501.657,"end":5502.218},{"text":"around","start":5502.218,"end":5502.506},{"text":"33%","start":5502.602,"end":5503.179},{"text":"of","start":5503.26,"end":5503.789},{"text":"all","start":5503.885,"end":5504.013},{"text":"coral","start":5504.141,"end":5504.462},{"text":"reef","start":5504.542,"end":5504.734},{"text":"found","start":5504.782,"end":5505.183},{"text":"in","start":5505.183,"end":5505.231},{"text":"the","start":5505.327,"end":5505.424},{"text":"Indian","start":5505.424,"end":5505.696},{"text":"Ocean","start":5505.76,"end":5506.033},{"text":"and","start":5506.866,"end":5506.93},{"text":"serves","start":5507.011,"end":5507.443},{"text":"as","start":5507.892,"end":5507.94},{"text":"a","start":5508.004,"end":5508.068},{"text":"critical","start":5508.068,"end":5508.517},{"text":"nursery","start":5508.517,"end":5508.95},{"text":"and","start":5508.95,"end":5509.094},{"text":"seabed","start":5509.094,"end":5509.479},{"text":"of","start":5509.976,"end":5510.04},{"text":"marine","start":5510.073,"end":5510.458},{"text":"life","start":5510.458,"end":5510.811},{"text":"across","start":5511.276,"end":5511.597},{"text":"the","start":5511.597,"end":5511.693},{"text":"region.","start":5511.693,"end":5511.966}]},{"text":"However, this ecosystem faces increasing pressures from climate change, agriculture runoff, and over-exploitation of resources.","start":5512.704,"end":5519.99,"topics":[{"key":"climate-impacts","label":"Climate Impacts on Marine Ecosystems","description":"Climate change was repeatedly identified as a major driver of ecosystem decline, including coral bleaching, severe storms, typhoons, and changing coastal conditions. Speakers stressed that restoration must be paired with action on climate pressures, because restoration alone cannot succeed if heat and other threats continue to intensify."}],"words":[{"text":"However,","start":5512.704,"end":5513.041},{"text":"this","start":5513.121,"end":5513.298},{"text":"ecosystem","start":5513.298,"end":5513.779},{"text":"faces","start":5513.828,"end":5514.181},{"text":"increasing","start":5514.181,"end":5514.614},{"text":"pressures","start":5514.71,"end":5515.015},{"text":"from","start":5515.111,"end":5515.288},{"text":"climate","start":5515.288,"end":5515.609},{"text":"change,","start":5515.609,"end":5515.93},{"text":"agriculture","start":5516.748,"end":5517.374},{"text":"runoff,","start":5517.374,"end":5517.791},{"text":"and","start":5518.256,"end":5518.321},{"text":"over-exploitation","start":5518.481,"end":5519.3},{"text":"of","start":5519.3,"end":5519.444},{"text":"resources.","start":5519.444,"end":5519.99}]},{"text":"But what makes this initiative remarkable is its regional approach.","start":5520.824,"end":5524.964,"topics":[{"key":"regional-collaboration","label":"Regional Collaboration and Knowledge Sharing","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for cooperation across borders and sectors, including regional restoration networks, shared training, and exchange of coral larvae or resilient genotypes. Examples from the North Sea, Caribbean, and Indian Ocean showed that restoration is more effective when countries coordinate rather than act in isolation."}],"words":[{"text":"But","start":5520.824,"end":5520.984},{"text":"what","start":5520.984,"end":5521.209},{"text":"makes","start":5521.209,"end":5521.466},{"text":"this","start":5521.53,"end":5521.594},{"text":"initiative","start":5521.691,"end":5522.108},{"text":"remarkable","start":5522.108,"end":5522.862},{"text":"is","start":5523.456,"end":5523.6},{"text":"its","start":5523.889,"end":5524.13},{"text":"regional","start":5524.13,"end":5524.579},{"text":"approach.","start":5524.595,"end":5524.964}]},{"text":"Comoros, Madagascar, Mozambique, and Tanzania are working together to restore and manage interconnected land and seascape across the region.","start":5526.023,"end":5536.919,"topics":[{"key":"regional-collaboration","label":"Regional Collaboration and Knowledge Sharing","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for cooperation across borders and sectors, including regional restoration networks, shared training, and exchange of coral larvae or resilient genotypes. Examples from the North Sea, Caribbean, and Indian Ocean showed that restoration is more effective when countries coordinate rather than act in isolation."}],"words":[{"text":"Comoros,","start":5526.023,"end":5526.489},{"text":"Madagascar,","start":5526.842,"end":5527.564},{"text":"Mozambique,","start":5528.045,"end":5528.767},{"text":"and","start":5529.072,"end":5529.152},{"text":"Tanzania","start":5529.233,"end":5529.987},{"text":"are","start":5530.035,"end":5530.195},{"text":"working","start":5530.195,"end":5530.5},{"text":"together","start":5530.597,"end":5531.062},{"text":"to","start":5531.672,"end":5531.8},{"text":"restore","start":5531.8,"end":5532.554},{"text":"and","start":5532.859,"end":5532.923},{"text":"manage","start":5533.004,"end":5533.389},{"text":"interconnected","start":5533.565,"end":5534.432},{"text":"land","start":5535.009,"end":5535.395},{"text":"and","start":5535.507,"end":5535.571},{"text":"seascape","start":5535.651,"end":5536.229},{"text":"across","start":5536.245,"end":5536.518},{"text":"the","start":5536.63,"end":5536.71},{"text":"region.","start":5536.71,"end":5536.919}]},{"text":"Currently, nearly 87,000 hectares are already under restoration and protection efforts.","start":5537.898,"end":5544.787,"topics":[{"key":"monitoring-reporting","label":"Monitoring, Reporting, and Indicators","description":"Participants highlighted the need for better monitoring of restoration outcomes, including failures, and for more consistent reporting against global biodiversity targets. Common indicators, comparable methods, and platforms for tracking progress were presented as necessary to learn from projects and demonstrate impact at scale."}],"words":[{"text":"Currently,","start":5537.898,"end":5538.364},{"text":"nearly","start":5538.412,"end":5538.782},{"text":"87,000","start":5538.862,"end":5540.05},{"text":"hectares","start":5540.146,"end":5540.612},{"text":"are","start":5541.19,"end":5541.351},{"text":"already","start":5541.431,"end":5541.816},{"text":"under","start":5542.073,"end":5542.33},{"text":"restoration","start":5542.33,"end":5543.02},{"text":"and","start":5543.679,"end":5543.775},{"text":"protection","start":5543.775,"end":5544.225},{"text":"efforts.","start":5544.417,"end":5544.787}]},{"text":"Looking ahead, the initiative aims to restore 4.85 million hectares by 2030.","start":5546.184,"end":5551.884,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Looking","start":5546.184,"end":5546.473},{"text":"ahead,","start":5546.505,"end":5546.794},{"text":"the","start":5547.067,"end":5547.131},{"text":"initiative","start":5547.131,"end":5547.597},{"text":"aims","start":5547.629,"end":5547.837},{"text":"to","start":5547.87,"end":5547.966},{"text":"restore","start":5547.966,"end":5548.576},{"text":"4.85","start":5548.576,"end":5550.166},{"text":"million","start":5550.294,"end":5550.679},{"text":"hectares","start":5550.679,"end":5551.049},{"text":"by","start":5551.097,"end":5551.241},{"text":"2030.","start":5551.241,"end":5551.884}]},{"text":"This is expected to increase household incomes, create jobs, community enterprises, and strengthen climate resilience, since supporting long-term sustainable development across the region.","start":5552.992,"end":5563.443,"topics":[{"key":"restoration-finance","label":"Restoration Finance and Blue Economy","description":"Financing emerged as a central issue, from the costs of monitoring and maintenance to the need to make restoration economically competitive with alternative land and sea uses. Discussion also covered blue carbon, public-private partnerships, trust funds, and sustainable blue economy frameworks as ways to mobilize larger-scale investment."},{"key":"community-capacity","label":"Community Participation and Capacity Building","description":"Many speakers stressed that restoration depends on local communities, practitioners, and institutions, not only outside experts. Training, benefit sharing, livelihood considerations, and recognition of local knowledge were all presented as essential for long-term success in mangrove and coral restoration."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":5552.992,"end":5553.168},{"text":"is","start":5553.168,"end":5553.216},{"text":"expected","start":5553.329,"end":5553.827},{"text":"to","start":5553.875,"end":5553.971},{"text":"increase","start":5553.971,"end":5554.372},{"text":"household","start":5554.372,"end":5554.838},{"text":"incomes,","start":5554.838,"end":5555.191},{"text":"create","start":5555.577,"end":5555.882},{"text":"jobs,","start":5555.898,"end":5556.267},{"text":"community","start":5556.685,"end":5557.15},{"text":"enterprises,","start":5557.166,"end":5557.793},{"text":"and","start":5558.226,"end":5558.29},{"text":"strengthen","start":5558.387,"end":5558.836},{"text":"climate","start":5558.868,"end":5559.254},{"text":"resilience,","start":5559.254,"end":5559.735},{"text":"since","start":5560.217,"end":5560.378},{"text":"supporting","start":5560.378,"end":5560.843},{"text":"long-term","start":5560.875,"end":5561.229},{"text":"sustainable","start":5561.261,"end":5561.839},{"text":"development","start":5561.839,"end":5562.401},{"text":"across","start":5562.644,"end":5563.061},{"text":"the","start":5563.061,"end":5563.148},{"text":"region.","start":5563.148,"end":5563.443}]},{"text":"Let's zoom into some of the progress of Small Island Developing States, or SIDS, World Restoration Flagship under the UN Decade.","start":5567.77,"end":5574.137,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Let's","start":5567.77,"end":5567.915},{"text":"zoom","start":5567.915,"end":5568.011},{"text":"into","start":5568.044,"end":5568.285},{"text":"some","start":5568.285,"end":5568.479},{"text":"of","start":5568.527,"end":5568.624},{"text":"the","start":5568.672,"end":5568.769},{"text":"progress","start":5568.769,"end":5569.14},{"text":"of","start":5569.333,"end":5569.414},{"text":"Small","start":5569.414,"end":5569.752},{"text":"Island","start":5569.881,"end":5570.139},{"text":"Developing","start":5570.139,"end":5570.51},{"text":"States,","start":5570.542,"end":5571.026},{"text":"or","start":5571.412,"end":5571.461},{"text":"SIDS,","start":5571.509,"end":5571.848},{"text":"World","start":5571.993,"end":5572.234},{"text":"Restoration","start":5572.234,"end":5572.75},{"text":"Flagship","start":5572.799,"end":5573.363},{"text":"under","start":5573.363,"end":5573.54},{"text":"the","start":5573.54,"end":5573.669},{"text":"UN","start":5573.669,"end":5573.798},{"text":"Decade.","start":5573.846,"end":5574.137}]},{"text":"This particular flagship is working across Vanuatu, Comoros, Saint Lucia from 2023 to 2027, and it aims to restore ecosystems from ridge to reef while fundamentally repositioning restoration as an engine for sustainable growth Resilience and Prosperity.","start":5575.126,"end":5592.963,"topics":[{"key":"regional-collaboration","label":"Regional Collaboration and Knowledge Sharing","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for cooperation across borders and sectors, including regional restoration networks, shared training, and exchange of coral larvae or resilient genotypes. Examples from the North Sea, Caribbean, and Indian Ocean showed that restoration is more effective when countries coordinate rather than act in isolation."},{"key":"community-capacity","label":"Community Participation and Capacity Building","description":"Many speakers stressed that restoration depends on local communities, practitioners, and institutions, not only outside experts. Training, benefit sharing, livelihood considerations, and recognition of local knowledge were all presented as essential for long-term success in mangrove and coral restoration."},{"key":"restoration-finance","label":"Restoration Finance and Blue Economy","description":"Financing emerged as a central issue, from the costs of monitoring and maintenance to the need to make restoration economically competitive with alternative land and sea uses. Discussion also covered blue carbon, public-private partnerships, trust funds, and sustainable blue economy frameworks as ways to mobilize larger-scale 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makes this flagship distinct is the fact that it does not treat restoration as a standalone activity.","start":5594.262,"end":5600.692,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"What","start":5594.262,"end":5594.406},{"text":"makes","start":5594.438,"end":5594.743},{"text":"this","start":5594.743,"end":5594.903},{"text":"flagship","start":5594.984,"end":5595.625},{"text":"distinct","start":5595.625,"end":5596.074},{"text":"is","start":5596.507,"end":5596.571},{"text":"the","start":5596.683,"end":5596.876},{"text":"fact","start":5597.469,"end":5597.726},{"text":"that","start":5597.79,"end":5597.966},{"text":"it","start":5597.966,"end":5598.046},{"text":"does","start":5598.046,"end":5598.175},{"text":"not","start":5598.271,"end":5598.399},{"text":"treat","start":5598.512,"end":5598.832},{"text":"restoration","start":5598.832,"end":5599.41},{"text":"as","start":5599.41,"end":5599.506},{"text":"a","start":5599.506,"end":5599.57},{"text":"standalone","start":5599.57,"end":5600.179},{"text":"activity.","start":5600.211,"end":5600.692}]},{"text":"It embeds it within a whole-of-island, whole-of-government transition to a sustainable blue economy.","start":5601.574,"end":5607.155,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"It","start":5601.574,"end":5601.671},{"text":"embeds","start":5601.735,"end":5602.2},{"text":"it","start":5602.2,"end":5602.344},{"text":"within","start":5602.857,"end":5603.258},{"text":"a","start":5603.258,"end":5603.338},{"text":"whole-of-island,","start":5603.403,"end":5604.188},{"text":"whole-of-government","start":5604.204,"end":5604.942},{"text":"transition","start":5604.942,"end":5605.391},{"text":"to","start":5605.487,"end":5605.584},{"text":"a","start":5605.584,"end":5605.6},{"text":"sustainable","start":5605.6,"end":5606.353},{"text":"blue","start":5606.53,"end":5606.658},{"text":"economy.","start":5606.754,"end":5607.155}]},{"text":"We are doing this through three main components.","start":5608.614,"end":5610.651,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":5608.614,"end":5608.663},{"text":"are","start":5608.695,"end":5608.743},{"text":"doing","start":5608.791,"end":5608.999},{"text":"this","start":5609.096,"end":5609.224},{"text":"through","start":5609.336,"end":5609.384},{"text":"three","start":5609.496,"end":5609.753},{"text":"main","start":5609.753,"end":5609.962},{"text":"components.","start":5610.074,"end":5610.651}]},{"text":"First, enabling environment, because successful restoration doesn't happen in a vacuum.","start":5610.779,"end":5615.799,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"First,","start":5610.779,"end":5611.196},{"text":"enabling","start":5611.742,"end":5612.126},{"text":"environment,","start":5612.175,"end":5612.72},{"text":"because","start":5613.121,"end":5613.377},{"text":"successful","start":5613.377,"end":5613.874},{"text":"restoration","start":5613.874,"end":5614.436},{"text":"doesn't","start":5614.66,"end":5614.949},{"text":"happen","start":5614.949,"end":5615.237},{"text":"in","start":5615.27,"end":5615.35},{"text":"a","start":5615.35,"end":5615.366},{"text":"vacuum.","start":5615.366,"end":5615.799}]},{"text":"Here, the flagship uses UNEP's soon-to-be-published Sustainable Blue Economy Transition Framework to support SIDS with their SBE transition, with a nationally owned roadmap on how countries can move from A to B. I'll explain this shortly.","start":5616.392,"end":5632.323,"topics":[{"key":"governance-permitting","label":"Governance and Permitting","description":"A recurring theme was that restoration is often constrained less by science than by governance barriers such as land tenure, legal gaps, permits, and fragmented institutional responsibilities. Speakers also highlighted international regulatory obstacles, including CITES and Nagoya-related procedures, that can slow cross-border conservation action."}],"words":[{"text":"Here,","start":5616.392,"end":5616.713},{"text":"the","start":5616.745,"end":5616.873},{"text":"flagship","start":5616.873,"end":5617.29},{"text":"uses","start":5617.29,"end":5617.659},{"text":"UNEP's","start":5618.15,"end":5618.506},{"text":"soon-to-be-published","start":5618.733,"end":5619.624},{"text":"Sustainable","start":5619.624,"end":5620.19},{"text":"Blue","start":5620.19,"end":5620.32},{"text":"Economy","start":5620.433,"end":5620.903},{"text":"Transition","start":5620.936,"end":5621.389},{"text":"Framework","start":5621.502,"end":5622.005},{"text":"to","start":5622.393,"end":5622.539},{"text":"support","start":5622.539,"end":5622.96},{"text":"SIDS","start":5622.96,"end":5623.252},{"text":"with","start":5623.77,"end":5623.997},{"text":"their","start":5623.997,"end":5624.353},{"text":"SBE","start":5624.402,"end":5624.839},{"text":"transition,","start":5625.811,"end":5626.249},{"text":"with","start":5627.06,"end":5627.157},{"text":"a","start":5627.157,"end":5627.174},{"text":"nationally","start":5627.174,"end":5627.581},{"text":"owned","start":5627.662,"end":5627.891},{"text":"roadmap","start":5627.891,"end":5628.379},{"text":"on","start":5628.542,"end":5628.607},{"text":"how","start":5628.64,"end":5628.754},{"text":"countries","start":5628.95,"end":5629.341},{"text":"can","start":5629.373,"end":5629.553},{"text":"move","start":5629.601,"end":5629.878},{"text":"from","start":5630.025,"end":5630.221},{"text":"A","start":5630.351,"end":5630.498},{"text":"to","start":5630.498,"end":5630.595},{"text":"B.","start":5630.595,"end":5630.84},{"text":"I'll","start":5631.41,"end":5631.54},{"text":"explain","start":5631.54,"end":5631.769},{"text":"this","start":5631.817,"end":5632.046},{"text":"shortly.","start":5632.046,"end":5632.323}]},{"text":"Second, national and local action.","start":5633.424,"end":5635.746,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Second,","start":5633.424,"end":5634.005},{"text":"national","start":5634.037,"end":5634.65},{"text":"and","start":5634.746,"end":5634.827},{"text":"local","start":5635.15,"end":5635.44},{"text":"action.","start":5635.488,"end":5635.746}]},{"text":"How do we then operationalize a nature-positive blue economy?","start":5636.133,"end":5639.423,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"How","start":5636.133,"end":5636.327},{"text":"do","start":5636.359,"end":5636.52},{"text":"we","start":5636.52,"end":5636.617},{"text":"then","start":5636.617,"end":5636.827},{"text":"operationalize","start":5637.101,"end":5637.794},{"text":"a","start":5637.988,"end":5638.004},{"text":"nature-positive","start":5638.052,"end":5638.794},{"text":"blue","start":5638.794,"end":5638.972},{"text":"economy?","start":5638.972,"end":5639.423}]},{"text":"Here we work with governments on key assessments to inform decision-making,, as well as to directly with communities and businesses to implement restoration actions and unlock livelihood on the ground.","start":5640.174,"end":5652.37,"topics":[{"key":"community-capacity","label":"Community Participation and Capacity Building","description":"Many speakers stressed that restoration depends on local communities, practitioners, and institutions, not only outside experts. Training, benefit sharing, livelihood considerations, and recognition of local knowledge were all presented as essential for long-term success in mangrove and coral restoration."},{"key":"restoration-finance","label":"Restoration Finance and Blue Economy","description":"Financing emerged as a central issue, from the costs of monitoring and maintenance to the need to make restoration economically competitive with alternative land and sea uses. Discussion also covered blue carbon, public-private partnerships, trust funds, and sustainable blue economy frameworks as ways to mobilize larger-scale investment."}],"words":[{"text":"Here","start":5640.174,"end":5640.418},{"text":"we","start":5640.418,"end":5640.565},{"text":"work","start":5640.565,"end":5640.908},{"text":"with","start":5640.908,"end":5641.136},{"text":"governments","start":5641.136,"end":5641.56},{"text":"on","start":5641.56,"end":5641.609},{"text":"key","start":5641.723,"end":5642.049},{"text":"assessments","start":5642.375,"end":5643.093},{"text":"to","start":5643.093,"end":5643.191},{"text":"inform","start":5643.191,"end":5643.615},{"text":"decision-making,,","start":5643.68,"end":5645.21},{"text":"as","start":5645.21,"end":5645.37},{"text":"well","start":5645.37,"end":5646.05},{"text":"as","start":5646.05,"end":5646.33},{"text":"to","start":5646.33,"end":5646.33},{"text":"directly","start":5646.33,"end":5647.27},{"text":"with","start":5647.27,"end":5647.67},{"text":"communities","start":5647.67,"end":5648.25},{"text":"and","start":5648.25,"end":5648.49},{"text":"businesses","start":5648.49,"end":5648.87},{"text":"to","start":5648.87,"end":5649.11},{"text":"implement","start":5649.11,"end":5649.47},{"text":"restoration","start":5649.47,"end":5649.97},{"text":"actions","start":5649.97,"end":5650.41},{"text":"and","start":5650.41,"end":5650.65},{"text":"unlock","start":5650.65,"end":5651.03},{"text":"livelihood","start":5651.03,"end":5651.47},{"text":"on","start":5651.47,"end":5651.67},{"text":"the","start":5651.67,"end":5651.83},{"text":"ground.","start":5651.83,"end":5652.37}]},{"text":"And third, cities-to-cities engagement and mobilize additional investment.","start":5652.37,"end":5656.95,"topics":[{"key":"restoration-finance","label":"Restoration Finance and Blue Economy","description":"Financing emerged as a central issue, from the costs of monitoring and maintenance to the need to make restoration economically competitive with alternative land and sea uses. 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Examples from the North Sea, Caribbean, and Indian Ocean showed that restoration is more effective when countries coordinate rather than act in isolation."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":5652.37,"end":5652.43},{"text":"third,","start":5652.43,"end":5653.37},{"text":"cities-to-cities","start":5653.37,"end":5653.97},{"text":"engagement","start":5653.97,"end":5654.43},{"text":"and","start":5654.43,"end":5654.71},{"text":"mobilize","start":5654.71,"end":5655.23},{"text":"additional","start":5655.23,"end":5655.67},{"text":"investment.","start":5655.67,"end":5656.95}]},{"text":"The result of all these components will be tracked through the decade's official monitoring platform, the Framework for Ecosystem Restoration Monitoring, ensuring alignment with SDGs and global targets including the GBF Target 2 towards 2030.","start":5656.95,"end":5672.417,"topics":[{"key":"monitoring-reporting","label":"Monitoring, Reporting, and Indicators","description":"Participants highlighted the need for better monitoring of restoration outcomes, including failures, and for more consistent reporting against global biodiversity targets. 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a quick snapshot of what this looks like in practice.","start":5675.045,"end":5678.574,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Now","start":5675.045,"end":5675.222},{"text":"a","start":5675.254,"end":5675.335},{"text":"quick","start":5675.335,"end":5675.577},{"text":"snapshot","start":5675.577,"end":5676.657},{"text":"of","start":5676.947,"end":5677.205},{"text":"what","start":5677.205,"end":5677.415},{"text":"this","start":5677.447,"end":5677.673},{"text":"looks","start":5677.673,"end":5677.85},{"text":"like","start":5677.914,"end":5678.092},{"text":"in","start":5678.092,"end":5678.172},{"text":"practice.","start":5678.172,"end":5678.574}]},{"text":"Importantly, these results are also contributing to the Global Blue Ecosystem Challenge for Oceans under the UN Decade, enabling a shift towards nature-positive blue economies that secure ecosystems and biodiversity assets for wide-ranging social 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Comoros, for example, transformational progress under their flagship financing includes the country's new nationally validated Sustainable Blue Economy Policy and Implementation Framework.","start":5694.35,"end":5705.088,"topics":[{"key":"governance-permitting","label":"Governance and Permitting","description":"A recurring theme was that restoration is often constrained less by science than by governance barriers such as land tenure, legal gaps, permits, and fragmented institutional responsibilities. 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experiences emerging from the flagships also reflect a broader lesson.","start":5735.74,"end":5739.324,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":5735.74,"end":5735.82},{"text":"experiences","start":5735.82,"end":5736.431},{"text":"emerging","start":5736.431,"end":5736.784},{"text":"from","start":5736.881,"end":5737.025},{"text":"the","start":5737.057,"end":5737.138},{"text":"flagships","start":5737.154,"end":5737.765},{"text":"also","start":5737.765,"end":5738.102},{"text":"reflect","start":5738.102,"end":5738.584},{"text":"a","start":5738.584,"end":5738.649},{"text":"broader","start":5738.649,"end":5739.05},{"text":"lesson.","start":5739.05,"end":5739.324}]},{"text":"Many countries know where they want to go.","start":5740.111,"end":5741.96,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Many","start":5740.111,"end":5740.352},{"text":"countries","start":5740.352,"end":5740.835},{"text":"know","start":5740.835,"end":5740.963},{"text":"where","start":5741.14,"end":5741.365},{"text":"they","start":5741.381,"end":5741.542},{"text":"want","start":5741.542,"end":5741.67},{"text":"to","start":5741.719,"end":5741.847},{"text":"go.","start":5741.863,"end":5741.96}]},{"text":"The challenge is often understanding how to get 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Vanuatu.","start":5854.731,"end":5866.641,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"UNEP's","start":5854.731,"end":5854.942},{"text":"Transition","start":5855.056,"end":5855.527},{"text":"Framework","start":5855.624,"end":5856.192},{"text":"and","start":5856.192,"end":5856.257},{"text":"RRA","start":5856.436,"end":5856.793},{"text":"Tool","start":5856.922,"end":5857.198},{"text":"have","start":5857.247,"end":5857.474},{"text":"been","start":5857.507,"end":5857.636},{"text":"piloted","start":5857.815,"end":5858.318},{"text":"in","start":5858.318,"end":5858.367},{"text":"a","start":5858.497,"end":5858.545},{"text":"range","start":5858.545,"end":5858.805},{"text":"of","start":5858.805,"end":5858.935},{"text":"countries,","start":5858.951,"end":5859.373},{"text":"including","start":5859.389,"end":5859.86},{"text":"currently","start":5859.941,"end":5860.395},{"text":"in","start":5860.412,"end":5860.46},{"text":"the","start":5860.509,"end":5860.59},{"text":"SIDS","start":5860.59,"end":5860.882},{"text":"Ecosystem","start":5860.98,"end":5861.596},{"text":"Restoration","start":5861.645,"end":5862.132},{"text":"Flagship","start":5862.132,"end":5862.518},{"text":"Project","start":5862.518,"end":5863.017},{"text":"in","start":5863.34,"end":5863.388},{"text":"Comoros,","start":5863.501,"end":5863.952},{"text":"Saint","start":5864.628,"end":5864.869},{"text":"Lucia,","start":5864.869,"end":5865.417},{"text":"and","start":5865.9,"end":5866.013},{"text":"Vanuatu.","start":5866.029,"end":5866.641}]},{"text":"Of course, enabling conditions are not only about planning and finance, they are also about governance.","start":5868.718,"end":5874.499,"topics":[{"key":"governance-permitting","label":"Governance and Permitting","description":"A recurring theme was that restoration is often constrained less by science than by governance barriers such as land tenure, legal gaps, permits, and fragmented institutional responsibilities. 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Discussion also covered blue carbon, public-private partnerships, trust funds, and sustainable blue economy frameworks as ways to mobilize larger-scale investment."}],"words":[{"text":"Backed","start":5950.361,"end":5950.842},{"text":"by","start":5950.842,"end":5951.019},{"text":"a","start":5951.019,"end":5951.195},{"text":"public-private","start":5951.323,"end":5952.285},{"text":"coalition","start":5952.285,"end":5952.686},{"text":"of","start":5952.686,"end":5952.766},{"text":"states,","start":5952.766,"end":5953.183},{"text":"UN","start":5953.648,"end":5953.872},{"text":"agencies,","start":5953.952,"end":5954.578},{"text":"financial","start":5955.01,"end":5955.475},{"text":"institutions,","start":5955.475,"end":5956.149},{"text":"philanthropies,","start":5956.197,"end":5956.902},{"text":"impact","start":5957.415,"end":5957.896},{"text":"investors,","start":5957.96,"end":5958.505},{"text":"conservation","start":5958.697,"end":5959.307},{"text":"actors,","start":5959.403,"end":5959.707},{"text":"and","start":5959.739,"end":5959.82},{"text":"civil","start":5959.82,"end":5960.076},{"text":"society,","start":5960.076,"end":5960.669},{"text":"The","start":5961.494,"end":5961.591},{"text":"fund","start":5961.591,"end":5961.801},{"text":"blends","start":5961.915,"end":5962.255},{"text":"grants,","start":5962.563,"end":5963.032},{"text":"concessional","start":5963.113,"end":5963.794},{"text":"and","start":5963.842,"end":5963.923},{"text":"risk-tolerant","start":5964.004,"end":5964.668},{"text":"instruments,","start":5964.668,"end":5965.219},{"text":"and","start":5965.235,"end":5965.397},{"text":"private","start":5965.397,"end":5965.802},{"text":"investments.","start":5965.802,"end":5966.304}]},{"text":"By 2030, the GFCR aims to support at least 400 businesses and finance solutions across 22 Coral nations.","start":5967.99,"end":5977.666,"topics":[{"key":"restoration-finance","label":"Restoration Finance and Blue Economy","description":"Financing emerged as a central issue, from the costs of monitoring and maintenance to the need to make restoration economically competitive with alternative land and sea uses. 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Thank you.","start":6179.664,"end":6180.312,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Yeah.","start":6179.664,"end":6179.875},{"text":"Thank","start":6179.923,"end":6180.182},{"text":"you.","start":6180.182,"end":6180.312}]},{"text":"This is a comment really and a question for Margaret.","start":6180.409,"end":6184.396,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":6180.409,"end":6180.474},{"text":"is","start":6180.588,"end":6180.652},{"text":"a","start":6181.738,"end":6181.754},{"text":"comment","start":6181.868,"end":6182.338},{"text":"really","start":6182.354,"end":6182.5},{"text":"and","start":6183.083,"end":6183.148},{"text":"a","start":6183.18,"end":6183.197},{"text":"question","start":6183.261,"end":6183.683},{"text":"for","start":6183.731,"end":6183.845},{"text":"Margaret.","start":6183.845,"end":6184.396}]},{"text":"Really good presentation, really exciting to see the work you're doing.","start":6185.322,"end":6188.679,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Really","start":6185.322,"end":6185.565},{"text":"good","start":6185.565,"end":6185.71},{"text":"presentation,","start":6185.71,"end":6186.339},{"text":"really","start":6186.92,"end":6187.098},{"text":"exciting","start":6187.098,"end":6187.55},{"text":"to","start":6187.582,"end":6187.727},{"text":"see","start":6187.727,"end":6187.905},{"text":"the","start":6187.905,"end":6188.066},{"text":"work","start":6188.066,"end":6188.292},{"text":"you're","start":6188.292,"end":6188.389},{"text":"doing.","start":6188.389,"end":6188.679}]},{"text":"In fact, I've been meaning to call you for a long time, so it's great to meet you.","start":6189.196,"end":6193.247,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":6189.196,"end":6189.244},{"text":"fact,","start":6189.277,"end":6189.486},{"text":"I've","start":6189.503,"end":6189.599},{"text":"been","start":6189.599,"end":6189.809},{"text":"meaning","start":6189.841,"end":6190.051},{"text":"to","start":6190.084,"end":6190.229},{"text":"call","start":6190.326,"end":6190.6},{"text":"you","start":6190.794,"end":6190.89},{"text":"for","start":6190.89,"end":6191.084},{"text":"a","start":6191.617,"end":6191.633},{"text":"long","start":6191.697,"end":6191.827},{"text":"time,","start":6191.859,"end":6192.085},{"text":"so","start":6192.165,"end":6192.327},{"text":"it's","start":6192.327,"end":6192.424},{"text":"great","start":6192.424,"end":6192.859},{"text":"to","start":6192.972,"end":6193.053},{"text":"meet","start":6193.053,"end":6193.215},{"text":"you.","start":6193.215,"end":6193.247}]},{"text":"I'm hoping we can talk afterwards.","start":6193.295,"end":6194.425,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I'm","start":6193.295,"end":6193.392},{"text":"hoping","start":6193.392,"end":6193.65},{"text":"we","start":6193.699,"end":6193.731},{"text":"can","start":6193.796,"end":6193.941},{"text":"talk","start":6193.941,"end":6194.183},{"text":"afterwards.","start":6194.183,"end":6194.425}]},{"text":"I'm glad you emphasized this really critical need for regional collaboration to be sharing genotypes.","start":6195.357,"end":6204.044,"topics":[{"key":"regional-collaboration","label":"Regional Collaboration and Knowledge Sharing","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for cooperation across borders and sectors, including regional restoration networks, shared training, and exchange of coral larvae or resilient genotypes. 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Examples from the North Sea, Caribbean, and Indian Ocean showed that restoration is more effective when countries coordinate rather than act in isolation."}],"words":[{"text":"So","start":6319.739,"end":6319.819},{"text":"there","start":6319.819,"end":6319.932},{"text":"is","start":6319.932,"end":6320.045},{"text":"a","start":6320.077,"end":6320.142},{"text":"willingness","start":6320.223,"end":6320.658},{"text":"to","start":6321.448,"end":6321.577},{"text":"collaborate","start":6321.593,"end":6322.302},{"text":"and","start":6322.56,"end":6322.996},{"text":"would","start":6323.06,"end":6323.237},{"text":"hope","start":6323.366,"end":6323.544},{"text":"we","start":6323.544,"end":6323.689},{"text":"can","start":6323.689,"end":6323.834},{"text":"build","start":6323.866,"end":6324.189},{"text":"on","start":6324.189,"end":6324.334},{"text":"that.","start":6324.334,"end":6324.447}]},{"text":"With other 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comment?","start":6332.261,"end":6334.197,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Ms.","start":6332.261,"end":6332.505},{"text":"Miller,","start":6332.57,"end":6332.847},{"text":"do","start":6332.977,"end":6333.026},{"text":"you","start":6333.026,"end":6333.107},{"text":"want","start":6333.53,"end":6333.692},{"text":"to","start":6333.692,"end":6333.79},{"text":"comment?","start":6333.79,"end":6334.197}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":null,"affiliation_full":null,"group":null,"function":"Co-Chair"}},{"statement_number":28,"paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Yeah, I'll just comment on the end of that, I 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co-chair and I also wish to thank all delegations for their participation in the interactive 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this item we will hear a statement by the focal point for UN oceans, Ms. Eleanor Hamashkelt, Under-Secretary-General for Legal Affairs and United Nations Legal 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permitting, we will proceed to consider Agenda Item 5 entitled Process for the selection of topics and panelists so as to facilitate the work of the General 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agenda item 6 entitled Issues that could benefit from attention in the future work of the General Assembly on oceans and the law of the 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will then close the meeting after hearing a statement by the Director of DOALOS on the ICP Trust 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I adjourn the meeting, are there any messages from the 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I thank you for today, and the meeting is adjourned.","start":6510.093,"end":6512.964,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Then","start":6510.093,"end":6510.306},{"text":"I","start":6510.404,"end":6510.503},{"text":"thank","start":6510.503,"end":6510.749},{"text":"you","start":6510.749,"end":6510.88},{"text":"for","start":6510.897,"end":6511.077},{"text":"today,","start":6511.077,"end":6511.487},{"text":"and","start":6511.717,"end":6511.799},{"text":"the","start":6511.898,"end":6511.996},{"text":"meeting","start":6511.996,"end":6512.291},{"text":"is","start":6512.455,"end":6512.521},{"text":"adjourned.","start":6512.57,"end":6512.964}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":null,"affiliation_full":null,"group":null,"function":"Co-Chair"}}],"topics":[{"key":"climate-impacts","label":"Climate Impacts on Marine Ecosystems","description":"Climate change was repeatedly identified as a major driver of ecosystem decline, including coral bleaching, severe storms, typhoons, and changing coastal conditions. Speakers stressed that restoration must be paired with action on climate pressures, because restoration alone cannot succeed if heat and other threats continue to intensify."},{"key":"community-capacity","label":"Community Participation and Capacity Building","description":"Many speakers stressed that restoration depends on local communities, practitioners, and institutions, not only outside experts. Training, benefit sharing, livelihood considerations, and recognition of local knowledge were all presented as essential for long-term success in mangrove and coral restoration."},{"key":"restoration-finance","label":"Restoration Finance and Blue Economy","description":"Financing emerged as a central issue, from the costs of monitoring and maintenance to the need to make restoration economically competitive with alternative land and sea uses. Discussion also covered blue carbon, public-private partnerships, trust funds, and sustainable blue economy frameworks as ways to mobilize larger-scale investment."},{"key":"mangrove-restoration","label":"Mangrove Restoration","description":"Speakers discussed restoring lost mangrove forests, including where restoration is biophysically feasible, how to match species to site conditions, and why hydrology and land-use history must be addressed before planting. The discussion also covered national restoration targets and practical support for countries seeking to rebuild degraded mangrove areas."},{"key":"monitoring-reporting","label":"Monitoring, Reporting, and Indicators","description":"Participants highlighted the need for better monitoring of restoration outcomes, including failures, and for more consistent reporting against global biodiversity targets. Common indicators, comparable methods, and platforms for tracking progress were presented as necessary to learn from projects and demonstrate impact at scale."},{"key":"governance-permitting","label":"Governance and Permitting","description":"A recurring theme was that restoration is often constrained less by science than by governance barriers such as land tenure, legal gaps, permits, and fragmented institutional responsibilities. Speakers also highlighted international regulatory obstacles, including CITES and Nagoya-related procedures, that can slow cross-border conservation action."},{"key":"coral-reef-restoration","label":"Coral Reef Restoration","description":"Several interventions focused on active coral reef restoration through coral nurseries, fragmentation, larval seeding, artificial substrates, and transplantation. Speakers emphasized both the urgency of saving coral species at risk and the need to scale restoration methods in ways that are scientifically sound and locally applicable."},{"key":"marine-protected-areas","label":"Marine Protected Areas","description":"Marine protected areas were presented as a core tool for protecting sensitive reefs and other coastal ecosystems while supporting restoration. The discussion included expansion of MPA networks, how restoration inside protected areas should be reported, and how governance arrangements can make MPAs more effective and equitable."},{"key":"regional-collaboration","label":"Regional Collaboration and Knowledge Sharing","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for cooperation across borders and sectors, including regional restoration networks, shared training, and exchange of coral larvae or resilient genotypes. Examples from the North Sea, Caribbean, and Indian Ocean showed that restoration is more effective when countries coordinate rather than act in isolation."}]}}