{"disclaimer":"Transcripts available through this tool are created by using automatic speech recognition and are not official records nor official documents of the United Nations. Official records and official documents are available on the Official Document System of the United Nations.","url":"https://transcripts.un.org/en/asset/k1z/k1z142mviu","llms":{"note":"Plain-text sibling of this page, compact for LLM context. For the full API guide (search, listing, URL grammar) see /llms.txt.","textUrl":"/en/asset/k1z/k1z142mviu.txt","guide":"/llms.txt"},"video":{"id":"k1z/k1z142mviu","kaltura_id":"1_z142mviu","title":"WMO - Press Conference:El Niño Update","clean_title":"WMO - Press Conference:El Niño Update","url":"https://webtv.un.org/en/asset/k1z/k1z142mviu","date":"2026-09-03T00:00:00.000Z","scheduled_time":"2026-09-03T08:00:00.000Z","status":"finished","duration":"00:36:56","category":"Press Conferences","body":null,"event_code":null,"event_type":null,"session_number":null,"pv_symbol":null,"pv_part":null,"slug":"asset/k1z/k1z142mviu"},"metadata":{"summary":"WMO El Niño Update","description":"Speakers:\nCeleste Saulo, WMO Secretary-General\nWilfran Moufouma Okia, Chief of Climate Prediction Section, WMO","categories":["Media","Press 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Speakers emphasized that advance information can guide decisions on agriculture, water management, disaster planning, and public protection."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":34.95,"end":35.19},{"text":"is","start":35.19,"end":35.27},{"text":"an","start":35.27,"end":35.35},{"text":"authoritative","start":35.35,"end":36.07},{"text":"seasonal","start":36.07,"end":36.55},{"text":"forecast","start":36.55,"end":37.27},{"text":"that","start":37.43,"end":37.67},{"text":"brings","start":37.67,"end":38.07},{"text":"together","start":38.07,"end":38.59},{"text":"the","start":38.59,"end":38.71},{"text":"world's","start":38.71,"end":39.15},{"text":"leading","start":39.15,"end":39.51},{"text":"experts","start":39.51,"end":40.23},{"text":"and","start":40.23,"end":40.47},{"text":"scientists.","start":40.47,"end":41.35}]},{"text":"In June, you will remember, we called for the world to prepare for an El Nino.","start":42.55,"end":47.51,"topics":[{"key":"early-warning-preparedness","label":"Early Warning and Preparedness","description":"A major theme was the need to use seasonal forecasts, early warnings, and anticipatory planning to reduce losses before hazards escalate. 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our speakers finish, we will, of course, take your questions.","start":71.95,"end":75.63,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"After","start":71.95,"end":72.35},{"text":"our","start":72.35,"end":72.43},{"text":"speakers","start":72.43,"end":73.07},{"text":"finish,","start":73.07,"end":73.47},{"text":"we","start":73.47,"end":73.63},{"text":"will,","start":73.63,"end":73.79},{"text":"of","start":73.79,"end":73.87},{"text":"course,","start":73.87,"end":74.27},{"text":"take","start":74.35,"end":74.67},{"text":"your","start":74.67,"end":74.83},{"text":"questions.","start":74.83,"end":75.63}]},{"text":"So Celeste, over to you.","start":75.63,"end":76.79,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":75.63,"end":75.87},{"text":"Celeste,","start":75.87,"end":76.35},{"text":"over","start":76.35,"end":76.59},{"text":"to","start":76.59,"end":76.71},{"text":"you.","start":76.71,"end":76.79}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Nandita Surendran","affiliation":"WMO","affiliation_full":"WMO","group":null,"function":"Chief of 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They also addressed the scientific indicators and model outputs behind that assessment."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":166.43,"end":166.67},{"text":"means","start":166.67,"end":167.15},{"text":"that","start":167.63,"end":167.95},{"text":"there","start":168.27,"end":168.43},{"text":"is","start":168.43,"end":168.59},{"text":"a","start":168.67,"end":168.71},{"text":"huge","start":168.71,"end":169.47},{"text":"pool","start":169.71,"end":170.19},{"text":"of","start":170.31,"end":170.43},{"text":"very","start":170.59,"end":170.99},{"text":"warm","start":170.99,"end":171.31},{"text":"ocean","start":171.31,"end":171.79},{"text":"waters","start":171.79,"end":172.43},{"text":"that","start":172.67,"end":172.91},{"text":"will","start":172.91,"end":173.15},{"text":"fuel","start":173.15,"end":173.87},{"text":"the","start":174.27,"end":174.39},{"text":"intensity","start":174.39,"end":175.39},{"text":"of","start":175.47,"end":175.63},{"text":"El","start":175.63,"end":175.75},{"text":"Nino.","start":175.75,"end":176.27}]},{"text":"The WMO update shows that El Nino has strengthened and will continue as a very strong event, even exceptionally strong.","start":177.15,"end":186.99,"topics":[{"key":"el-nino-forecast","label":"El Niño Forecast and Intensity","description":"Speakers discussed the very high confidence that El Niño is already established, will persist into early 2027, and could rank among the strongest events in the modern monitoring record. They also addressed the scientific indicators and model outputs behind that assessment."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":177.15,"end":177.27},{"text":"WMO","start":177.27,"end":177.79},{"text":"update","start":177.79,"end":178.35},{"text":"shows","start":178.35,"end":178.99},{"text":"that","start":179.07,"end":179.27},{"text":"El","start":179.31,"end":179.47},{"text":"Nino","start":179.55,"end":179.95},{"text":"has","start":179.95,"end":180.27},{"text":"strengthened","start":180.27,"end":180.99},{"text":"and","start":180.99,"end":181.23},{"text":"will","start":181.23,"end":181.47},{"text":"continue","start":181.47,"end":182.19},{"text":"as","start":182.19,"end":182.43},{"text":"a","start":182.43,"end":182.51},{"text":"very","start":182.51,"end":183.23},{"text":"strong","start":183.23,"end":183.87},{"text":"event,","start":183.99,"end":184.59},{"text":"even","start":184.99,"end":185.55},{"text":"exceptionally","start":185.67,"end":186.51},{"text":"strong.","start":186.51,"end":186.99}]},{"text":"In this trajectory continues, it may be stronger than anything since our monitoring began, so literally off the charts we have used for the past four decades.","start":188.43,"end":201.87,"topics":[{"key":"el-nino-forecast","label":"El Niño Forecast and Intensity","description":"Speakers discussed the very high confidence that El Niño is already established, will persist into early 2027, and could rank among the strongest events in the modern monitoring record. They also addressed the scientific indicators and model outputs behind that assessment."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":188.43,"end":188.59},{"text":"this","start":188.59,"end":188.75},{"text":"trajectory","start":188.75,"end":189.47},{"text":"continues,","start":189.47,"end":190.35},{"text":"it","start":190.35,"end":190.55},{"text":"may","start":190.59,"end":190.83},{"text":"be","start":190.83,"end":190.91},{"text":"stronger","start":190.91,"end":191.63},{"text":"than","start":191.63,"end":191.87},{"text":"anything","start":191.95,"end":192.83},{"text":"since","start":193.07,"end":193.47},{"text":"our","start":193.47,"end":193.79},{"text":"monitoring","start":193.79,"end":194.67},{"text":"began,","start":195.03,"end":195.47},{"text":"so","start":195.95,"end":196.43},{"text":"literally","start":196.59,"end":197.47},{"text":"off","start":197.71,"end":198.03},{"text":"the","start":198.03,"end":198.15},{"text":"charts","start":198.15,"end":198.59},{"text":"we","start":198.59,"end":198.75},{"text":"have","start":198.75,"end":198.99},{"text":"used","start":198.99,"end":199.47},{"text":"for","start":199.47,"end":199.71},{"text":"the","start":199.71,"end":199.83},{"text":"past","start":199.83,"end":200.43},{"text":"four","start":200.43,"end":200.91},{"text":"decades.","start":201.11,"end":201.87}]},{"text":"El Nino will peak towards the end of 2026, but its impacts will be felt long after that, including on global temperatures.","start":202.83,"end":211.95,"topics":[{"key":"el-nino-forecast","label":"El Niño Forecast and Intensity","description":"Speakers discussed the very high confidence that El Niño is already established, will persist into early 2027, and could rank among the strongest events in the modern monitoring record. They also addressed the scientific indicators and model outputs behind that assessment."},{"key":"global-heat-temperatures","label":"Global Heat and Temperature Rise","description":"The proceeding connected a strong El Niño with elevated global temperatures and the possibility of new heat records. Questions also explored whether heat waves in places such as Europe should be attributed directly to El Niño or to other atmospheric conditions."}],"words":[{"text":"El","start":202.83,"end":202.95},{"text":"Nino","start":202.99,"end":203.47},{"text":"will","start":203.47,"end":203.71},{"text":"peak","start":203.71,"end":204.03},{"text":"towards","start":204.11,"end":204.51},{"text":"the","start":204.51,"end":204.63},{"text":"end","start":204.63,"end":204.87},{"text":"of","start":204.87,"end":205.07},{"text":"2026,","start":205.07,"end":206.43},{"text":"but","start":206.51,"end":206.67},{"text":"its","start":206.67,"end":206.87},{"text":"impacts","start":206.91,"end":207.47},{"text":"will","start":207.47,"end":207.71},{"text":"be","start":207.71,"end":207.79},{"text":"felt","start":207.79,"end":208.11},{"text":"long","start":208.11,"end":208.51},{"text":"after","start":208.59,"end":208.95},{"text":"that,","start":208.95,"end":209.39},{"text":"including","start":209.55,"end":210.43},{"text":"on","start":210.43,"end":210.63},{"text":"global","start":210.63,"end":210.99},{"text":"temperatures.","start":210.99,"end":211.95}]},{"text":"The powerful 2023-2024 El Nino contributed to 2024 being the warmest year on record.","start":212.91,"end":221.55,"topics":[{"key":"global-heat-temperatures","label":"Global Heat and Temperature Rise","description":"The proceeding connected a strong El Niño with elevated global temperatures and the possibility of new heat records. Questions also explored whether heat waves in places such as Europe should be attributed directly to El Niño or to other atmospheric conditions."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":212.91,"end":213.03},{"text":"powerful","start":213.03,"end":213.55},{"text":"2023-2024","start":213.55,"end":215.63},{"text":"El","start":215.63,"end":215.71},{"text":"Nino","start":215.79,"end":216.19},{"text":"contributed","start":216.59,"end":217.39},{"text":"to","start":217.39,"end":217.51},{"text":"2024","start":217.55,"end":218.59},{"text":"being","start":218.83,"end":219.07},{"text":"the","start":219.07,"end":219.23},{"text":"warmest","start":219.23,"end":219.87},{"text":"year","start":219.99,"end":220.51},{"text":"on","start":220.75,"end":220.99},{"text":"record.","start":220.99,"end":221.55}]},{"text":"We should not be surprised if this record is broken.","start":223.15,"end":227.31,"topics":[{"key":"global-heat-temperatures","label":"Global Heat and Temperature Rise","description":"The proceeding connected a strong El Niño with elevated global temperatures and the possibility of new heat records. Questions also explored whether heat waves in places such as Europe should be attributed directly to El Niño or to other atmospheric conditions."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":223.15,"end":223.31},{"text":"should","start":223.31,"end":223.59},{"text":"not","start":223.59,"end":223.95},{"text":"be","start":223.95,"end":224.19},{"text":"surprised","start":224.19,"end":225.11},{"text":"if","start":225.39,"end":225.63},{"text":"this","start":225.63,"end":225.87},{"text":"record","start":225.87,"end":226.39},{"text":"is","start":226.51,"end":226.75},{"text":"broken.","start":226.75,"end":227.31}]},{"text":"WMO will be closely monitoring global temperatures in the months ahead.","start":227.99,"end":232.43,"topics":[{"key":"global-heat-temperatures","label":"Global Heat and Temperature Rise","description":"The proceeding connected a strong El Niño with elevated global temperatures and the possibility of new heat records. Questions also explored whether heat waves in places such as Europe should be attributed directly to El Niño or to other atmospheric conditions."}],"words":[{"text":"WMO","start":227.99,"end":228.43},{"text":"will","start":228.43,"end":228.67},{"text":"be","start":228.67,"end":228.87},{"text":"closely","start":228.87,"end":229.47},{"text":"monitoring","start":229.47,"end":230.19},{"text":"global","start":230.19,"end":230.55},{"text":"temperatures","start":230.55,"end":231.23},{"text":"in","start":231.23,"end":231.39},{"text":"the","start":231.39,"end":231.51},{"text":"months","start":231.51,"end":231.95},{"text":"ahead.","start":231.99,"end":232.43}]},{"text":"Why does this matter?","start":233.55,"end":235.55,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Why","start":233.55,"end":233.87},{"text":"does","start":234.51,"end":234.83},{"text":"this","start":234.83,"end":235.03},{"text":"matter?","start":235.03,"end":235.55}]},{"text":"El Nino means the bold tide because it was first noticed by Peruvian fishermen around Christmas time.","start":236.91,"end":243.95,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"El","start":236.91,"end":236.99},{"text":"Nino","start":236.99,"end":237.27},{"text":"means","start":237.27,"end":237.71},{"text":"the","start":237.71,"end":237.87},{"text":"bold","start":237.87,"end":238.15},{"text":"tide","start":238.19,"end":238.63},{"text":"because","start":238.83,"end":239.19},{"text":"it","start":239.19,"end":239.31},{"text":"was","start":239.31,"end":239.47},{"text":"first","start":239.47,"end":239.79},{"text":"noticed","start":239.79,"end":240.43},{"text":"by","start":240.43,"end":240.67},{"text":"Peruvian","start":240.67,"end":241.39},{"text":"fishermen","start":242.11,"end":242.75},{"text":"around","start":242.75,"end":243.07},{"text":"Christmas","start":243.07,"end":243.63},{"text":"time.","start":243.63,"end":243.95}]},{"text":"It sounds small and innocent, but this El Nino will deliver a major blow to communities, economies, and supply chains across the globe.","start":244.67,"end":254.75,"topics":[{"key":"agriculture-water-energy","label":"Agriculture, Water, and Energy Impacts","description":"Participants repeatedly linked El Niño to risks for crops, food security, water resources, and hydropower generation. Examples included seed choices under drought risk, reservoir management, and cascading effects from rainfall deficits or flooding on economic sectors."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":244.67,"end":244.83},{"text":"sounds","start":244.83,"end":245.15},{"text":"small","start":245.15,"end":245.87},{"text":"and","start":245.87,"end":246.15},{"text":"innocent,","start":246.15,"end":246.91},{"text":"but","start":247.03,"end":247.19},{"text":"this","start":247.19,"end":247.43},{"text":"El","start":247.43,"end":247.51},{"text":"Nino","start":247.51,"end":248.03},{"text":"will","start":248.19,"end":248.47},{"text":"deliver","start":248.47,"end":249.03},{"text":"a","start":249.03,"end":249.07},{"text":"major","start":249.07,"end":249.55},{"text":"blow","start":249.55,"end":249.95},{"text":"to","start":250.19,"end":250.31},{"text":"communities,","start":250.31,"end":251.15},{"text":"economies,","start":251.23,"end":252.03},{"text":"and","start":252.03,"end":252.19},{"text":"supply","start":252.19,"end":252.59},{"text":"chains","start":252.59,"end":253.07},{"text":"across","start":253.39,"end":253.95},{"text":"the","start":254.11,"end":254.27},{"text":"globe.","start":254.27,"end":254.75}]},{"text":"So many sectors will be affected: agriculture, trade, fisheries, health, energy, transport, water resources, disaster management, to name but a few.","start":255.31,"end":268.67,"topics":[{"key":"agriculture-water-energy","label":"Agriculture, Water, and Energy Impacts","description":"Participants repeatedly linked El Niño to risks for crops, food security, water resources, and hydropower generation. Examples included seed choices under drought risk, reservoir management, and cascading effects from rainfall deficits or flooding on economic sectors."}],"words":[{"text":"So","start":255.31,"end":255.55},{"text":"many","start":255.55,"end":255.91},{"text":"sectors","start":255.91,"end":256.43},{"text":"will","start":256.43,"end":256.59},{"text":"be","start":256.59,"end":256.83},{"text":"affected:","start":256.83,"end":257.31},{"text":"agriculture,","start":258.03,"end":258.99},{"text":"trade,","start":259.23,"end":259.87},{"text":"fisheries,","start":260.35,"end":261.15},{"text":"health,","start":261.23,"end":261.75},{"text":"energy,","start":262.43,"end":262.99},{"text":"transport,","start":262.99,"end":263.87},{"text":"water","start":263.95,"end":264.43},{"text":"resources,","start":264.43,"end":265.15},{"text":"disaster","start":265.95,"end":266.51},{"text":"management,","start":266.51,"end":267.27},{"text":"to","start":267.55,"end":267.63},{"text":"name","start":267.63,"end":268.03},{"text":"but","start":268.11,"end":268.31},{"text":"a","start":268.31,"end":268.35},{"text":"few.","start":268.35,"end":268.67}]},{"text":"We are already seeing disruption and devastation from droughts and floods and extreme weather.","start":269.55,"end":275.31,"topics":[{"key":"agriculture-water-energy","label":"Agriculture, Water, and Energy Impacts","description":"Participants repeatedly linked El Niño to risks for crops, food security, water resources, and hydropower generation. Examples included seed choices under drought risk, reservoir management, and cascading effects from rainfall deficits or flooding on economic sectors."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":269.55,"end":269.71},{"text":"are","start":269.71,"end":269.87},{"text":"already","start":269.87,"end":270.35},{"text":"seeing","start":270.35,"end":270.67},{"text":"disruption","start":270.67,"end":271.55},{"text":"and","start":271.55,"end":271.75},{"text":"devastation","start":271.75,"end":272.75},{"text":"from","start":272.75,"end":272.95},{"text":"droughts","start":272.99,"end":273.43},{"text":"and","start":273.43,"end":273.55},{"text":"floods","start":273.55,"end":274.19},{"text":"and","start":274.35,"end":274.55},{"text":"extreme","start":274.55,"end":274.91},{"text":"weather.","start":274.91,"end":275.31}]},{"text":"We expect these impacts to multiply and cascade as El Nino intensifies.","start":275.95,"end":281.03,"topics":[{"key":"agriculture-water-energy","label":"Agriculture, Water, and Energy Impacts","description":"Participants repeatedly linked El Niño to risks for crops, food security, water resources, and hydropower generation. Examples included seed choices under drought risk, reservoir management, and cascading effects from rainfall deficits or flooding on economic sectors."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":275.95,"end":276.07},{"text":"expect","start":276.07,"end":276.43},{"text":"these","start":276.43,"end":276.63},{"text":"impacts","start":276.67,"end":277.15},{"text":"to","start":277.15,"end":277.23},{"text":"multiply","start":277.23,"end":277.95},{"text":"and","start":278.03,"end":278.35},{"text":"cascade","start":278.35,"end":278.99},{"text":"as","start":279.23,"end":279.43},{"text":"El","start":279.55,"end":279.67},{"text":"Nino","start":279.71,"end":280.19},{"text":"intensifies.","start":280.19,"end":281.03}]},{"text":"This exceptional El Nino demands exceptional preparation and response.","start":282.19,"end":287.15,"topics":[{"key":"early-warning-preparedness","label":"Early Warning and Preparedness","description":"A major theme was the need to use seasonal forecasts, early warnings, and anticipatory planning to reduce losses before hazards escalate. Speakers emphasized that advance information can guide decisions on agriculture, water management, disaster planning, and public protection."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":282.19,"end":282.43},{"text":"exceptional","start":282.43,"end":283.27},{"text":"El","start":283.31,"end":283.39},{"text":"Nino","start":283.39,"end":284.19},{"text":"demands","start":284.19,"end":284.91},{"text":"exceptional","start":284.91,"end":285.71},{"text":"preparation","start":285.71,"end":286.43},{"text":"and","start":286.43,"end":286.55},{"text":"response.","start":286.55,"end":287.15}]},{"text":"Seasonal forecasts such as the WMO El Nino updates provide a vital window of opportunity.","start":287.79,"end":294.91,"topics":[{"key":"early-warning-preparedness","label":"Early Warning and Preparedness","description":"A major theme was the need to use seasonal forecasts, early warnings, and anticipatory planning to reduce losses before hazards escalate. 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Questions also explored whether heat waves in places such as Europe should be attributed directly to El Niño or to other atmospheric conditions."}],"words":[{"text":"Singapore","start":449.03,"end":449.91},{"text":"is","start":450.15,"end":450.43},{"text":"strengthening","start":450.43,"end":450.95},{"text":"protection","start":450.95,"end":451.47},{"text":"against","start":451.47,"end":451.83},{"text":"extreme","start":451.83,"end":452.23},{"text":"heat","start":452.23,"end":452.71},{"text":"through","start":452.71,"end":452.95},{"text":"both","start":452.95,"end":453.67},{"text":"worker","start":453.67,"end":454.23},{"text":"safety","start":454.23,"end":454.79},{"text":"rules","start":454.79,"end":455.35},{"text":"and","start":455.35,"end":455.55},{"text":"a","start":455.55,"end":455.59},{"text":"national","start":455.59,"end":456.15},{"text":"heat","start":456.15,"end":456.55},{"text":"wave","start":456.55,"end":456.87},{"text":"response","start":456.87,"end":457.43},{"text":"plan.","start":457.43,"end":457.75}]},{"text":"Nations in the Pacific are geared up for an above average tropical cyclone season.","start":458.95,"end":464.59,"topics":[{"key":"forecast-uncertainty","label":"Forecast Uncertainty and Local Risk","description":"Speakers stressed that a high probability of El Niño does not mean a guaranteed flood, drought, or heat wave in every country. They explained that local impacts depend on other climate drivers, exposure, vulnerability, and national-level forecasting."}],"words":[{"text":"Nations","start":458.95,"end":459.35},{"text":"in","start":459.35,"end":459.51},{"text":"the","start":459.51,"end":459.59},{"text":"Pacific","start":459.59,"end":460.47},{"text":"are","start":460.79,"end":460.87},{"text":"geared","start":460.95,"end":461.43},{"text":"up","start":461.43,"end":461.75},{"text":"for","start":461.99,"end":462.15},{"text":"an","start":462.15,"end":462.31},{"text":"above","start":462.31,"end":462.71},{"text":"average","start":462.71,"end":463.27},{"text":"tropical","start":463.27,"end":463.67},{"text":"cyclone","start":463.67,"end":464.15},{"text":"season.","start":464.15,"end":464.59}]},{"text":"WMO will be showcasing more examples of proactive planning in the coming weeks.","start":465.91,"end":471.35,"topics":[{"key":"early-warning-preparedness","label":"Early Warning and Preparedness","description":"A major theme was the need to use seasonal forecasts, early warnings, and anticipatory planning to reduce losses before hazards escalate. 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Speakers emphasized that advance information can guide decisions on agriculture, water management, disaster planning, and public protection."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":481.75,"end":482.07},{"text":"have","start":482.07,"end":482.39},{"text":"the","start":482.39,"end":482.47},{"text":"forecast,","start":482.47,"end":483.23},{"text":"the","start":483.51,"end":483.67},{"text":"foresight","start":483.67,"end":484.55},{"text":"to","start":484.63,"end":484.75},{"text":"save","start":484.79,"end":485.11},{"text":"lives","start":485.11,"end":485.67},{"text":"and","start":485.75,"end":486.07},{"text":"protect","start":486.07,"end":486.55},{"text":"livelihoods.","start":486.55,"end":487.51}]},{"text":"Today, we are issuing a call to action.","start":488.15,"end":491.03,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Today,","start":488.15,"end":488.63},{"text":"we","start":488.79,"end":489.11},{"text":"are","start":489.11,"end":489.27},{"text":"issuing","start":489.27,"end":489.83},{"text":"a","start":489.91,"end":489.95},{"text":"call","start":489.95,"end":490.31},{"text":"to","start":490.31,"end":490.55},{"text":"action.","start":490.59,"end":491.03}]},{"text":"The science is clear.","start":491.67,"end":493.11,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":491.67,"end":491.79},{"text":"science","start":491.79,"end":492.47},{"text":"is","start":492.47,"end":492.71},{"text":"clear.","start":492.71,"end":493.11}]},{"text":"We have the knowledge and tools to prevent El Nino-related hazards becoming a crisis.","start":493.91,"end":499.43,"topics":[{"key":"early-warning-preparedness","label":"Early Warning and Preparedness","description":"A major theme was the need to use seasonal forecasts, early warnings, and anticipatory planning to reduce losses before hazards escalate. Speakers emphasized that advance information can guide decisions on agriculture, water management, disaster planning, and public protection."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":493.91,"end":494.11},{"text":"have","start":494.11,"end":494.31},{"text":"the","start":494.31,"end":494.39},{"text":"knowledge","start":494.39,"end":495.03},{"text":"and","start":495.11,"end":495.31},{"text":"tools","start":495.31,"end":495.67},{"text":"to","start":495.67,"end":495.79},{"text":"prevent","start":495.83,"end":496.19},{"text":"El","start":496.19,"end":496.27},{"text":"Nino-related","start":496.31,"end":497.35},{"text":"hazards","start":497.35,"end":497.83},{"text":"becoming","start":497.83,"end":498.47},{"text":"a","start":498.55,"end":498.59},{"text":"crisis.","start":498.59,"end":499.43}]},{"text":"Let us join together and ensure that we leave nobody behind.","start":499.67,"end":504.15,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Let","start":499.67,"end":499.91},{"text":"us","start":499.91,"end":500.07},{"text":"join","start":500.07,"end":500.47},{"text":"together","start":500.47,"end":501.19},{"text":"and","start":501.43,"end":501.63},{"text":"ensure","start":501.63,"end":502.31},{"text":"that","start":502.39,"end":502.63},{"text":"we","start":502.63,"end":502.79},{"text":"leave","start":502.79,"end":503.03},{"text":"nobody","start":503.03,"end":503.75},{"text":"behind.","start":503.75,"end":504.15}]},{"text":"Thank you.","start":504.87,"end":505.23,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":504.87,"end":505.03},{"text":"you.","start":505.15,"end":505.23}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Celeste Saulo","affiliation":"WMO","affiliation_full":"WMO","group":null,"function":"Secretary-General"}},{"statement_number":3,"start":508.31,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1z/k1z142mviu?t=509","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Celeste.","start":508.31,"end":509.11,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":508.31,"end":508.55},{"text":"you,","start":508.55,"end":508.63},{"text":"Celeste.","start":508.63,"end":509.11}]},{"text":"Wilfrin, over to you.","start":509.59,"end":510.63,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Wilfrin,","start":509.59,"end":510.07},{"text":"over","start":510.07,"end":510.31},{"text":"to","start":510.31,"end":510.47},{"text":"you.","start":510.47,"end":510.63}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Nandita Surendran","affiliation":"WMO","affiliation_full":"WMO","group":null,"function":"Chief of Communications"}},{"statement_number":4,"start":513.19,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1z/k1z142mviu?t=514","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you very much.","start":513.19,"end":513.99,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":513.19,"end":513.43},{"text":"you","start":513.43,"end":513.51},{"text":"very","start":513.51,"end":513.75},{"text":"much.","start":513.75,"end":513.99}]},{"text":"Good morning, everyone.","start":514.07,"end":514.95,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Good","start":514.07,"end":514.19},{"text":"morning,","start":514.19,"end":514.55},{"text":"everyone.","start":514.55,"end":514.95}]},{"text":"Thank you very much, Madam Secretary-General and Nandita.","start":515.35,"end":518.71,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":515.35,"end":515.59},{"text":"you","start":515.59,"end":515.67},{"text":"very","start":515.67,"end":515.87},{"text":"much,","start":515.87,"end":516.15},{"text":"Madam","start":516.15,"end":516.39},{"text":"Secretary-General","start":516.39,"end":517.27},{"text":"and","start":517.95,"end":518.07},{"text":"Nandita.","start":518.07,"end":518.71}]},{"text":"I would like to build on the statement made by the Secretary-General of the World Meteorological Organization and try to provide some insight on the report we issued 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message, the message of the report is clear, so El Nino is firmly established.","start":531.51,"end":537.59,"topics":[{"key":"el-nino-forecast","label":"El Niño Forecast and Intensity","description":"Speakers discussed the very high confidence that El Niño is already established, will persist into early 2027, and could rank among the strongest events in the modern monitoring record. 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They explained that local impacts depend on other climate drivers, exposure, vulnerability, and national-level forecasting."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":567.55,"end":567.67},{"text":"impact","start":567.67,"end":568.07},{"text":"depends","start":568.07,"end":568.51},{"text":"on","start":568.51,"end":568.59},{"text":"many","start":568.59,"end":568.91},{"text":"other","start":568.91,"end":569.15},{"text":"process","start":569.95,"end":570.43},{"text":"and","start":570.43,"end":570.83},{"text":"element","start":571.79,"end":572.27},{"text":"I","start":572.27,"end":572.35},{"text":"will","start":572.35,"end":572.67},{"text":"distinguish","start":573.07,"end":573.67},{"text":"in","start":573.67,"end":573.75},{"text":"a","start":573.75,"end":573.79},{"text":"few","start":573.79,"end":573.95},{"text":"minutes.","start":573.95,"end":574.35}]},{"text":"But let me start with what have we observed since the onset of the event, which occurred around April.","start":574.67,"end":583.55,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"But","start":574.67,"end":574.91},{"text":"let","start":574.99,"end":575.19},{"text":"me","start":575.19,"end":575.31},{"text":"start","start":575.31,"end":575.79},{"text":"with","start":575.79,"end":576.51},{"text":"what","start":576.51,"end":576.83},{"text":"have","start":576.83,"end":576.99},{"text":"we","start":576.99,"end":577.07},{"text":"observed","start":577.07,"end":577.71},{"text":"since","start":578.51,"end":578.99},{"text":"the","start":579.79,"end":579.95},{"text":"onset","start":579.95,"end":580.43},{"text":"of","start":580.43,"end":580.63},{"text":"the","start":580.63,"end":580.71},{"text":"event,","start":580.71,"end":581.07},{"text":"which","start":581.43,"end":581.79},{"text":"occurred","start":581.79,"end":582.35},{"text":"around","start":582.35,"end":582.75},{"text":"April.","start":583.07,"end":583.55}]},{"text":"So, El Nino has strengthened rapidly.","start":584.31,"end":587.27,"topics":[{"key":"el-nino-forecast","label":"El Niño Forecast and Intensity","description":"Speakers discussed the very high confidence that El Niño is already established, will persist into early 2027, and could rank among the strongest events in the modern monitoring record. 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They also addressed the scientific indicators and model outputs behind that assessment."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":629.39,"end":629.63},{"text":"those","start":629.63,"end":630.11},{"text":"value","start":630.99,"end":631.63},{"text":"have","start":631.63,"end":631.79},{"text":"increased","start":631.79,"end":632.11},{"text":"further","start":632.11,"end":632.55},{"text":"in","start":632.75,"end":632.99},{"text":"August,","start":633.47,"end":633.95},{"text":"reaching","start":634.11,"end":634.59},{"text":"up","start":634.59,"end":634.83},{"text":"to","start":634.99,"end":635.31},{"text":"plus","start":635.31,"end":635.71},{"text":"2.6","start":635.71,"end":636.51},{"text":"degree.","start":636.59,"end":636.99}]},{"text":"But what is striking is that the warming is not confined to the sea surface.","start":637.31,"end":642.75,"topics":[{"key":"el-nino-forecast","label":"El Niño Forecast and Intensity","description":"Speakers discussed the very high confidence that El Niño is already established, will persist into early 2027, and could rank among the strongest events in the modern monitoring record. They also addressed the scientific indicators and model outputs behind that assessment."}],"words":[{"text":"But","start":637.31,"end":637.55},{"text":"what","start":637.55,"end":637.79},{"text":"is","start":637.79,"end":637.91},{"text":"striking","start":637.91,"end":638.51},{"text":"is","start":638.51,"end":638.63},{"text":"that","start":638.63,"end":638.99},{"text":"the","start":639.63,"end":639.83},{"text":"warming","start":640.27,"end":640.83},{"text":"is","start":640.83,"end":640.99},{"text":"not","start":640.99,"end":641.23},{"text":"confined","start":641.23,"end":641.75},{"text":"to","start":641.75,"end":641.83},{"text":"the","start":641.83,"end":641.91},{"text":"sea","start":641.91,"end":642.19},{"text":"surface.","start":642.19,"end":642.75}]},{"text":"There is a large reservoir of heat beneath the surface.","start":643.23,"end":648.27,"topics":[{"key":"el-nino-forecast","label":"El Niño Forecast and Intensity","description":"Speakers discussed the very high confidence that El Niño is already established, will persist into early 2027, and could rank among the strongest events in the modern monitoring record. They also addressed the scientific indicators and model outputs behind that assessment."}],"words":[{"text":"There","start":643.23,"end":643.55},{"text":"is","start":643.55,"end":643.71},{"text":"a","start":643.71,"end":643.75},{"text":"large","start":643.75,"end":644.15},{"text":"reservoir","start":644.15,"end":644.91},{"text":"of","start":644.99,"end":645.39},{"text":"heat","start":646.59,"end":646.91},{"text":"beneath","start":647.15,"end":647.51},{"text":"the","start":647.51,"end":647.63},{"text":"surface.","start":647.63,"end":648.27}]},{"text":"And in some places, we measure value around plus eight degree Celsius.","start":649.27,"end":654.91,"topics":[{"key":"el-nino-forecast","label":"El Niño Forecast and Intensity","description":"Speakers discussed the very high confidence that El Niño is already established, will persist into early 2027, and could rank among the strongest events in the modern monitoring record. They also addressed the scientific indicators and model outputs behind that assessment."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":649.27,"end":649.43},{"text":"in","start":649.47,"end":649.59},{"text":"some","start":649.59,"end":649.79},{"text":"places,","start":649.79,"end":650.15},{"text":"we","start":650.19,"end":650.35},{"text":"measure","start":650.35,"end":650.75},{"text":"value","start":651.63,"end":652.19},{"text":"around","start":652.19,"end":652.59},{"text":"plus","start":652.59,"end":652.99},{"text":"eight","start":653.07,"end":653.47},{"text":"degree","start":654.11,"end":654.43},{"text":"Celsius.","start":654.43,"end":654.91}]},{"text":"So this is striking.","start":656.19,"end":657.63,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":656.19,"end":656.35},{"text":"this","start":656.35,"end":656.83},{"text":"is","start":656.83,"end":656.95},{"text":"striking.","start":656.95,"end":657.63}]},{"text":"In short, what we can say is that the sea surface warming, the subsurface ocean heat content, and the atmospheric circulation are singing the same song.","start":660.95,"end":672.75,"topics":[{"key":"el-nino-forecast","label":"El Niño Forecast and Intensity","description":"Speakers discussed the very high confidence that El Niño is already established, will persist into early 2027, and could rank among the strongest events in the modern monitoring record. 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Robin Millard from AFP.","start":1216.55,"end":1218.43,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":1216.55,"end":1216.75},{"text":"you.","start":1216.75,"end":1216.83},{"text":"Robin","start":1216.83,"end":1217.15},{"text":"Millard","start":1217.15,"end":1217.47},{"text":"from","start":1217.47,"end":1217.79},{"text":"AFP.","start":1217.79,"end":1218.43}]},{"text":"You say this could be the strongest El Nino since the records began.","start":1219.31,"end":1223.87,"topics":[{"key":"el-nino-forecast","label":"El Niño Forecast and Intensity","description":"Speakers discussed the very high confidence that El Niño is already established, will persist into early 2027, and could rank among the strongest events in the modern monitoring record. 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Um, you, Mr. Mufama, you said that, um, 100% of a strong Nino doesn't mean 100% of disasters or 100% of droughts or, or, um, catastrophic rainfalls.","start":1474.99,"end":1490.75,"topics":[{"key":"forecast-uncertainty","label":"Forecast Uncertainty and Local Risk","description":"Speakers stressed that a high probability of El Niño does not mean a guaranteed flood, drought, or heat wave in every country. 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Questions also explored whether heat waves in places such as Europe should be attributed directly to El Niño or to other atmospheric conditions."}],"words":[{"text":"But","start":1640.15,"end":1640.39},{"text":"the","start":1640.39,"end":1640.51},{"text":"link","start":1640.51,"end":1640.79},{"text":"is","start":1640.79,"end":1640.87},{"text":"not","start":1640.87,"end":1641.11},{"text":"firmly","start":1641.11,"end":1641.47},{"text":"established.","start":1641.47,"end":1641.91}]},{"text":"Thank you.","start":1641.91,"end":1646.35,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":1641.91,"end":1642.07},{"text":"you.","start":1646.27,"end":1646.35}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Wilfred Mafuma Okia","affiliation":"WMO","affiliation_full":"WMO","group":null,"function":"Chief of Climate Prediction Section"}},{"statement_number":20,"start":1646.35,"pageUrl":"/en/asset/k1z/k1z142mviu?t=1647","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Okay, thank 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about that.","start":1668.03,"end":1669.47,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Okay,","start":1668.03,"end":1668.51},{"text":"sorry","start":1668.51,"end":1668.91},{"text":"about","start":1668.91,"end":1669.11},{"text":"that.","start":1669.15,"end":1669.47}]},{"text":"My first question goes back to what Madame Saulo said about the strongest we saw in four decades.","start":1670.99,"end":1678.83,"topics":[{"key":"el-nino-forecast","label":"El Niño Forecast and Intensity","description":"Speakers discussed the very high confidence that El Niño is already established, will persist into early 2027, and could rank among the strongest events in the modern monitoring record. 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