General Assembly: 42nd plenary meeting, 79th session

Ladies and gentlemen, it's time to start. The 42nd plenary meeting of the General Assembly is called to order. Before proceeding further, I would like to draw the attention of members to the date of recess of the current session. Members will recall that at its second plenary meeting on 13 September 2024, the General Assembly decided that the seventy-ninth session would recess on Monday, 9 December 2024. However, in view of the work that remains to be completed for this part of the session, I would like to propose to the Assembly that it further postpone the date of recess to Thursday, 19 December 2024. If there is no objection, may I take it that the Assembly agrees to postpone the date of recess to Thursday, 19 December 2024? It is so decided. I have also been informed by the Chair of the Fifth Committee that the committee requests an extension of its work to Friday, 13 December 2024, to facilitate a comprehensive consideration of the agenda items before it. May I also take it that the General Assembly agrees to extend the work of the Fifth Committee until Friday 13 December 2024? It is so decided. The General Assembly will resume its consideration of agenda item 63, entitled “Use of the veto”, to hold a debate pursuant to resolution 76/262 of 26 April 2022, on the situation as to which the veto was cast by a permanent member at the 9786th meeting of the Security Council on 18 November 2024, under the agenda item entitled reports of the Secretary-General on the Sudan and South Sudan. In connection with this debate, the Assembly has before it a special report of the Security Council circulated in document A/79/622. Excellencies, ladies and gentlemen, today's meeting underscores the shared responsibility of the Security Council and the General Assembly to work collaboratively to safeguard peace and strengthen collective security. In this regard, I welcome the timely submission of the Security Council Special Report on the use of the veto on the 18th of this month. However, I must express my grave concern over the increasing frequency of vetoes since 2022, following the adoption of General Assembly resolution 77/262. This alarming trend highlights yet again the urgent need for the General Assembly to take initiative on critical issues of peace and security when the Security Council finds itself paralyzed and unable to fulfill its core mandate. Excellencies, As we convene, the situation in Sudan remains critical. Over the past 19 months, Sudanese civilians have borne the brunt of an escalating humanitarian catastrophe. Over 11 million people have been displaced, including 3 million who have sought refuge in neighboring countries. An estimated 80% of health centers in conflict-affected areas are either closed or nonfunctional. Reports of violations of human rights and international humanitarian law are mounting, including instances of sexual abuse and gender-based violence. These atrocities demand our immediate and collective attention. This suffering must end. I call on all parties involved in this conflict to engage in dialogue, institute an immediate cessation of hostilities, and work toward a sustainable resolution. Excellencies, The crisis in Sudan must not fade into the background as we address other global conflicts. It is equally tragic, equally urgent, and it demands action. I urge the Security Council to rise to its responsibilities and fulfill its mandate to uphold international peace and security. Across the United Nations, we must respond as a united body to global challenges. I therefore reiterate my call for concrete measures to overcome the deadlock in the Security Council. As I emphasized in last week's debate, we need actionable solutions. I welcome your concrete proposals on this matter. For my part, I will continue the practice of forwarding a summary of this plenary debate to the President of the Security Council. Excellencies, let us be guided by our collective resolve to ensure that the United Nations fulfils its duty to those in need. Together, let us renew our commitment to upholding peace, justice, and humanity for everyone, everywhere. I thank you. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of the Russian Federation.

President, the Russian Federation, on the 19th of November – or 17th of November, exercised its veto regarding the UK and Sierra Leone draft resolution at the Security Council on protection of civilians in Sudan. Russia takes this instrument very seriously and responsibly. It is something that permanent members of the Security Council have as per the UN Charter. and wouldn't have had recourse to it if there had not been real justifications directly linked to Sudan, and which unfortunately there were. The sponsors of the draft resolution submitted a text that with including in the text extremely dangerous points which posed a threat to the sovereignty of Sudan, clearly impinging on the right of the government of the country to take their own decisions on key questions of on their national agenda. mainly on the protection of civilians. The government represents the country in international organizations, and it controls the main processes at the state. It distributes humanitarian assistance, and the Sudanese themselves seek refuge in regions controlled by the government in order to receive protection. At the same time, in the UN and international fora, there were more claims that the government, there's something wrong with the government, or even though the main, they are not at fault mainly, it is the rebels. Against this backdrop, we're facing a lack of will on the members of the Security Council, UK, US, and France, the lack of willingness to recognize these facts. And this looks particularly bad when the head of these various states on equal footing, discuss things with the Sudanese leadership, and they demand something from them. But at the Security Council, these delegations don’t even want to refer to the name of the government. We can’t qualify this as anything other than an attempt to reserve the right for further political and social engineering in Sudan, i.e., interference in their internal affairs. President. We would recall that in July, the Security Council requested the Secretary-General of the UN to write a report with recommendations on the protection of civilians in Sudan. The document was prepared in October. It clearly states that in order to deploy international forces in the country, the conditions weren't met to deploy such international forces. We'd like to add on our side that is indeed the case. There's no agreement on a ceasefire. There's no understanding in which regions of the country there would be and what the aims would be of such a deployment. Moreover, the request for such a presence should come exclusively from the current Sudanese government. We're not ruling out anything in the future. However, we are certain that if now, above the heads of the authorities in Sudan, we start doing something like this, nothing good will come of it. Ill-thought-through peacekeeping operations at the hot stage of a domestic conflict, given its vast geography, would end in disaster. The kind of scenario would undermine once and for all Sudan's trust in the UN, particularly given the result of UNITA's much tarnished reputation. We do not accept the politicization of the dire humanitarian situation in Sudan either. There are millions of IDPs in that country. There is a serious burden on neighboring countries, where refugees, unfortunately, do not receive sound assistance. And these are the same Sudanese people like all of the others. However, in their assessments, UN humanitarians do not take into account the conclusions of specialized Sudanese organizations. humanitarian structures and their partners in the West should refresh their memory on the guiding humanitarian principles of the UN, including the depoliticized nature of any assistance provided. It is inappropriate to demand that Sudan open all of their borders for humanitarian access. thus jeopardizing their own security, but at the same time, not the UN not using the cross points that are provided by the government. Port Sudan is not without it's not without reason that Port Sudan is putting restrictions on it. They are signaling that there is arms, there's a risk of arms being sent back across the border to supply rebels. It's possible to demand Rather than demanding open borders, that you should look at the root causes of the concerns of Sudanese. We know the bureaucratic delays that so many representatives of OCHA and our Western colleagues like to talk about are often not because of the Sudanese. For example, in the middle of October, Port Sudan halted a shipment from the World Food Programme with Russian flour on it. For this whole time, we haven't been able to find out from people, UN workers on the ground, any reliable information. As a result, a huge amount of such vital goods for starving people have been spoilt. We will be very carefully identify the reasons behind this incident. We do not understand why in such difficult circumstances, which are regularly described to us at Security Council meetings, where we propose to resolve them through opening border points, not control with the government, there can't be comprehensive, suitable work to achieve the goals of providing the necessary assistance to the population. Finally, we categorically do not accept the idea of external mechanisms to hold people accountable for acts of violence, which was included in the text. For example, the ICC, which has already shown, is completely unable to address the Sudanese issue and also other situations as well. We are certain that justice is an exclusive prerogative of the Government of Sudan. There is no doubt that the conflict in Sudan requires an immediate resolution. The only path towards this is ensuring an agreement from warring parties on a ceasefire. No one can make this decision for them. We see the Security Council's job to be assisting the Sudanese people in finding such a solution. However, this should be done consistently and openly, and not through imposing on the Sudanese people, through a Council decision, the views of some of its members, peppered with post-colonial ideas regarding how this country should be structured. Over the last year and a half, since the start of the serious phase of this conflict, the Council has adopted five statements for the press, two President’s statements, and six resolutions. Two of these pertained to a resolution in this country. However, the majority of them were one-sided, completely removed from reality, and those that were simply technical in nature were then had political elements added to them, the aim being one thing, to exert pressure on the government and undermine its legitimacy. Russia has always abstained on these resolutions that had no bearing on reality. And we were confident we made the right choice. All of these documents did not alleviate the suffering of the Sudanese people, let alone the fact that the call within them to lift the siege by the Rapid Support Forces on Sudanese cities were not implemented. However, we should not be surprised that as soon as the Western colleagues decided to increase the demands on Sudan, Russia stepped up to defend this friendly country. We are confident that rushing Council projects will not address the complex problems in Sudan. separate discussion should be given to illegal unilateral sanctions against Sudan. We think they are unacceptable. We will decisively put a stop to any attempts of our Western colleagues to use this topic to their own ends. The personal envoy of the UN Secretary-General, Mr. Lamamra, is continuing his efforts. We should give him time and the political space to speak with everyone who could have an impact on a resolution, whether this be within domestic players or external players. We look forward to him reporting to the Secretary General on the results of his contacts that he's engaged in. Colleague, rather than criticising Russia for blocking documents, which is which are presented as the noble goal of bringing long-standing peace to Sudan, I would propose that you look at these people in the eyes. Without constructive and cooperation of each member of the UN Security Council with the Government of Sudan, without a sincere effort to overcome the difficulties, any council resolution is doomed to fail. We don’t remember how our American, British, and French colleagues recently have actually put forward any sound proposal for a resolution. There’s nothing apart from criticism regarding the government of the country and the arms to – and the army is – has – and their claims to government have not been seen. We work with the Sovereign Council and Western countries simply lost their bias regarding Syrian affairs, and they are working on these tendencies. We will put a decisive stop to these because it is a question of sovereignty, unity, and territorial integrity of this friendly state to us. It is not just a line or inclusion in a resolution. In conclusion, I would like to draw attention to the clear duplicitousness demonstrated by our Western colleagues. If we are political to Sudan, they did not bulk at demanding that the country defend civilians and ensure humanitarian access. But regarding the Palestinian-Israel conflict, the complete opposite logic has been implemented. We think it's possible, they think it's possible to let Israel not notice the injustice regarding Palestinians and their suffering. And then time by time, at time after time, the US blocks resolutions on Gaza containing calls for an immediate ceasefire. We can't take seriously then criticisms against Russia on the Sudanese resolution of the Security Council from these countries. Thank you for your attention.

I thank the distinguished representative of the Russian Federation. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of the Kingdom of the Netherlands on behalf of the Benelux countries.

Mr. President, I have the honour to speak on behalf of three Benelux countries: Belgium, Luxembourg, and my own country, the Kingdom of the Netherlands. Whilst aligning ourselves fully with the statement to be delivered by the European Union, The Benelux countries would like to emphasize the following points: The Benelux countries strongly support the implementation of resolution 76/262, otherwise known as the veto initiative, introduced by Liechtenstein. This initiative provides the General Assembly with an essential mechanism to act when the use of the veto in the Security Council impedes decision-making. We stress the importance of this resolution, which is a vital tool to strengthen accountability and to foster a more constructive relationship between the Security Council and the General Assembly. Belgium, Luxembourg, and the Kingdom of the Netherlands are deeply disappointed by the decision of the Russian Federation to veto the UNSC resolution regarding the protection of civilians in Sudan. With this veto, Russia prevents the UN Security Council from sending a strong and concerted signal to the warring parties that they must take steps to reduce the impact of the conflict on civilians. Russia's intransigence also forestalls important new accountability and compliance measures that would have improved the foundation for the protection of civilians. Moreover, this concerted signal would have included a reiteration of the demand that both parties responsible honor and fully implement their commitments made in the Jeddah Declaration of Commitments to Protect the Civilians of Soudan, and a call on the warring parties to immediately cease hostilities and agree on the de-escalatory steps leading to a national ceasefire. Blocking the resolution has done nothing to ease the suffering of people who did not have a vote in the UN Security Council. Rather, it perpetuates their suffering. It also continues to deny the millions of Sudanese civilians who are trapped in a brutal war for which they bear no responsibility the opportunity to have their rights and needs recognized. We underline the importance of saving the lives of Sudanese civilians who are victimized by leaders who fight over power and land, and whose situation is unbearable due to a dire humanitarian situation and a serious risk of famine affecting millions of people. Famine conditions have already been observed in parts of the country. We call on all states to start working for the Sudanese people rather than against them. Belgium, Luxembourg, and the Kingdom of the Netherlands continue to stand with the people of Sudan and use their efforts and resources to alleviate their suffering and contribute to the efforts of the EU and the international community at large to bring about a ceasefire and ultimately an end to the conflict. Thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. I now give the floor to the European Union on behalf of the EU and its Member States.

Colleagues, I have the honour to speak on behalf of the European Union and its Member States. The candidate countries Montenegro, Albania, Ukraine, the Republic of Moldova, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Georgia align themselves with this statement. First off, I want to thank the President of the General Assembly for convening this meeting. We're here today because Russia decided to veto a resolution of the UN Security Council aimed at vastly improving the protection of civilians in Sudan. We deeply regret such behavior, and recall the French-Mexican initiative on veto restraint in case of mass atrocities. We thank the co-penholders, the UK and Sierra Leone, for their work on a balanced and important initiative. They took into account all viewpoints, including Russia’s, and their text received the support of 14 Council members – all members but one. When the UN Security Council fails to take a decision, it is civilian lives that are lost. It is steps towards a ceasefire that are hindered. It is peace that is prevented. We, as the international community, have a collective responsibility in these cases to strive to overcome our differences for the sake of those civilians. We have a responsibility to work to fulfill the core objectives of the UN Charter and not to instrumentalize civilian lives in Sudan for political purposes, and we succeeded until Russia filed its veto. The EU remains deeply concerned by the magnitude and the escalation of hostilities in Sudan. Continued reports of famine, mass atrocities, and large-scale ethnic and sexual and gender-based violence underline the urgency of a united international response. All those responsible must be held fully accountable. We urge the parties to agree to an urgent cessation of hostilities and to uphold their obligations under international humanitarian and human rights law. An immediate scale-up of assistance, together with rapid, safe, unhindered, and sustained humanitarian access, are required to mitigate the large-scale loss of life. All parties must also ensure space for neutral and impartial humanitarian action. We condemn that, despite the overwhelming urgency, both SAF and RSF persist in obstructing the humanitarian response. External actors must refrain from fueling the conflict and undermining peace and stability. The EU welcomes all efforts to support dialogue and mediation, and a path towards the return of a democratic transition, including the work of UN Personal Envoy Lamamra. Russia, dear colleagues, claimed it blocked the resolution on account of Sudan’s sovereignty. Nothing in the text undermined Sudan’s sovereignty in any way. And the text was discussed at length with the Sudanese mission in New York. For a solution to this crisis, it is essential to work in partnership with the international community. The UN's actions in Sudan contribute to alleviating the suffering caused by two generals fighting for power. We commend the determined efforts by the UN and all humanitarian actors to deliver lifesaving aid in extremely dire circumstances. The bravery and commitment of local NGOs and emergency response rooms are a testament to the resilience of the Sudanese people. President, while Russia blocks initiatives that would alleviate the suffering of millions of Sudanese, and while contributing shamefully little to the humanitarian effort in support of the population, the European Union and our member states continue to mobilize the international community to focus on Sudan. Together with our member states, we have raised nearly 900 million euros in response to this crisis. We have set up air bridges and sea freight, and we will continue to support the UN, as well as the African Union and others, in their mediation efforts in particular with a view to protecting civilians and critical infrastructure. All such initiatives must be closely coordinated. The people of Sudan deserve peace, they deserve justice, and they deserve a life of dignity. The EU reaffirms its steadfast support and solidarity with the Sudanese people. We call on the international community, including the members of the Security Council, to do everything in their power to this end. we must all keep our eyes on Sudan. Thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative of the European Union. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Australia, on behalf of Canada, Australia, and New Zealand.

Thank you, President. And as you mentioned, I deliver this statement on behalf of Canada, New Zealand, and my own country, Australia. Thank you for convening this meeting. The veto initiative is a vital mechanism for promoting transparency and accountability of Security Council actions. Since the beginning of the Sudan conflict in April 2023, CANS countries have stressed the importance of protecting civilians and ensuring safe, rapid, and unimpeded humanitarian access in accordance with international humanitarian law. We have called for an immediate ceasefire and urged all parties to negotiate a permanent cessation of hostilities. In this context, we are deeply disappointed by Russia’s decision to veto the draft resolution on strengthening measures to protect civilians and increase humanitarian access in Sudan. President, the scale of suffering in Sudan is staggering. Sudan is now the world’s largest displacement crisis, with 11 million displaced persons, including more than 3 million who have fled into neighboring countries. This has been further exacerbated by a deteriorating humanitarian crisis. Sudan is facing severe food insecurity, with more than half the population, 26.5 million people, suffering from acute hunger. In August, famine conditions were confirmed by the Famine Review Committee in North Darfur, including in the Zumzum camp. Nearly 5 million children under the age of five are acutely malnourished. The UN has documented serious violations against children, including killing and maiming, attacks on schools and hospitals, and unlawful recruitment and use. The conflict is also having devastating impacts on women and girls. The United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights has stressed that conflict-related sexual violence, reportedly perpetrated by parties to the conflict, may amount to war crimes. President, the situation is untenable. In May 2023, both the Sudanese Armed Forces and Rapid Support Forces signed the Jeddah Declarations. They both recommitted to these principles in November 2023. But their actions continue to demonstrate little regard for their respective obligations under international humanitarian law and show no signs of stopping. CANS countries unequivocally condemn the ongoing violence, especially against civilians. All parties to the conflict must uphold their commitments to protect civilians and allow for safe, rapid, and unimpeded humanitarian access. They must negotiate and adhere to a permanent ceasefire. President, Cairns countries strongly agree with the principles of the proposed draft Council resolution. The international community, especially the Security Council, must commit to help bring about a ceasefire in Sudan, and with it an end to violations and abuses of civilians. And now, I would like to make the following statement in my national capacity. Australia's opposition to the veto is long-standing. Russia's veto on the basis that the resolution did not respect Sudan's sovereignty exposes the utter hypocrisy of Russia's position, as it continues so grotesquely to violate the sovereignty of another United Nations member state, its peaceful neighbor, Ukraine. The situation in Sudan and Russia's veto also show that respect for international humanitarian law is being severely undermined. Civilians are paying a terrible price. So too are the humanitarian personnel delivering life-saving assistance in the most challenging circumstances. 281 humanitarian personnel have been killed in 2024, more than in any other year. To protect civilians, you must protect humanitarian personnel. Australia is proud to be part of a group of member states dedicated to upholding international humanitarian law and pursuing a declaration for the protection of humanitarian personnel. Australia invites all member states to join the declaration. The UN system should be a place where the world comes together to agree and uphold standards and rules, and to protect all. Australia urges all Member States to support efforts to bring peace to the people of Sudan, and calls on the Security Council to assist in ensuring the protection of civilians. Thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative of Australia. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative from Norway on behalf of the Nordic countries.

President, I have the honour to deliver this statement on behalf of the Nordic countries: Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Sweden, and my own country, Norway. We thank you for convening this debate following the veto cast by Russia in the Security Council on 18 November. We also welcome the Security Council’s special report on the use of the veto. The Nordics co-sponsored resolution 76/262 on the veto initiative. We continue to underline the veto initiative's importance as part of efforts to make the Security Council more transparent and more accountable. We are appalled by Russia's incomprehensible use of the veto. Russia blocked an urgently needed initiative by the United Kingdom and Sierra Leone calling for an immediate ceasefire, protection of civilians, and securing access for humanitarian aid. 14 members voted in favor. Russia was the only Council member to oppose this call for peace. President, the people of Sudan are currently suffering one of the worst humanitarian crises in the world. Millions are displaced or have fled to neighboring countries. Famine has been confirmed. The UN has documented widespread use of violence against civilians, both by the Sudan Armed Forces and by the Rapid Support Forces. The recent terror unleashed in Al-Jazeera by the RSF stands out as particularly shocking, with reports of widespread sexual and gender-based violence. Rape has been used in what appears to be systematic revenge attacks against women and girls. The RSF is also responsible for an ongoing siege at Al-Fashir and for the forceful expulsion of ethnic groups in West Darfur. This shows blatant disregard for human life and for international humanitarian law. The UN has reported that both the SAF and the RSF are responsible for large-scale violations of human rights and international humanitarian law, including grave violations against children, which may amount to war crimes and crimes against humanity. The Nordics condemn all forms of violence against civilians in Sudan. both by the Sudan Armed Forces and by the Rapid Support Forces and their affiliated groups. The catastrophe now involving in Sudan is man-made. The responsibility lies upon the warring parties and those fueling the armed conflict by providing arms and financing. There is no military solution. Sudan needs a ceasefire. negotiations that can secure a sustainable peace and the return to civilian rule. We support inclusive mediation efforts that aim to establish a Sudanese-owned and led process, and welcome the engagement of the Secretary-General’s personal envoy, Lamamra. Civilian actors, including Sudanese women and youth, must be given a platform to meaningfully participate in the peace process. Only a broad and inclusive political process can solve Sudan’s challenges in the long run. All external actors must refrain from fueling the fire and must support Sudan’s path to peace. We call on the parties to honor their commitments made in Jeddah. All parties must comply with their obligations under international law, including international humanitarian law and international human rights law. There should be no impunity for those responsible for mass atrocities. We support the work of the International Criminal Court in this regard. President, the Council does its work on behalf of all UN member states. Its decisions affect us all, and it should therefore be held accountable by us all. As a permanent member of the Council, Russia bears a special responsibility to exercise its veto in accordance with the letter and the spirit of the Charter. Last Monday, Russia failed this responsibility. The General Assembly may discuss any questions relating to the maintenance of international peace and security brought before it by any Member of the United Nations. We strongly urge the Security Council to redouble its efforts to uphold its responsibility and act on the situation as a matter of urgency. Should this not be possible, the General Assembly must act. The situation in Sudan is too dire for the UN to remain silent. And I thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative from Norway. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Egypt.

Thank you very much, President. Egypt reaffirms its solidarity with the Sudanese people, our brothers in Sudan, in the horrors that they’re experiencing at the moment. because of history, we share history, blood, and culture. Because of peace and security, we wish to preserve the Sudanese people. And in this case, the protection of civilians is of particular importance as part of the Ongoing armed conflict has lasted for more than a year now, which has led to a vast humanitarian crisis. We believe that the only way of providing with protection is an immediate ceasefire to open the way for a political process. In this connection, we reiterate that any solution to the current crisis in Sudan should be based on key determining factors: the respect for sovereignty of the state of Sudan, the respect for its unity, its territorial integrity, and also the respect of the stability of the state institutions in the country to allow them to play their role. This is why we must be vigilant regarding the importance of distinction when we deal with the legitimate part of a state on one hand and the armed groups on another. There is no need to explain to you here the scale of the grave violations committed by armed groups against Sudanese civilians, which is all very clear to the entire world, particularly sexual violence, aggression against women and children, and also increased aggressions and events on citizens against humanitarian convoys also without any accountability, despite repeated calls from the Security Council. Egypt would like to express the fact that we are dissatisfied and very concerned, given the current political disagreements within the Security Council. Yes, some members use a veto, and this hinders the Security Council, preventing it from upholding its commitments to maintaining international peace and security. President – Egypt participated in all initiatives and processes seeking a ceasefire in Sudan to prevent and stop the bloodshed. put an end to the deluge of IDPs and refugees into countries of the region, who are carrying a heavy burden because of the situation in Sudan, which is a worsening humanitarian situation domestically and regionally. The Alliance for Peace and Life in Sudan is one of the crucial processes that Egypt is involved in to implement, to seek a cease-fire and implement one and guarantee delivery of humanitarian assistance. We welcome and are working hard to strengthen mutual trust between Sudan and the United Nations, and we welcome the opening by the Sudanese Government, which is a wide decision, of cross-Abyei cross-border point to allow for humanitarian aid to be delivered. as well as other crossing points, without undermining Sudan's security, guaranteeing that this should not be exploited for arms to be passed over the border and supplied to militia. On the political front, Egypt hosted a political civil forces conference. This was the big most comprehensive conference of these various powers to think about what after the conflict and ensure the necessary policies can be implemented to ensure a safe future for the people of Sudan. The Cairo meeting also created a follow-up committee to create a common vision, a collective vision on political process for the country. President, we believe also that it’s important to coordinate regional and international initiatives regarding the situation in Sudan. Here, we support the Secretary General and his personal envoy, Lamamra, in efforts that he is undertaking here, as well as the good offices that he provides. In conclusion, we reiterate that the humanitarian crisis in Sudan and protection of civilians will not be possible unless there is an end to the conflict, and this requires the international community to unite to achieve this as part of negotiations and consultations with the Government of Sudan based on the key aspects we highlighted at the start of our intervention. I thank you very much.

I thank the distinguished representative of Egypt. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of South Africa.

Mr. President, thank you for convening this debate to discuss the ongoing situation in Sudan. following yet another failed attempt in the Security Council to bring about peace in that country. Once again, the Security Council has failed in its duty to maintain international peace and security, as mandated by the United Nations Charter. The veto, an exclusive heirloom preserved for a few, is weaponized against the majority. There is no time as the present where the reform of the Security Council has been necessary and urgent. From Africa to the Middle East, the world is in turmoil because the tools in the hands of the United Nations have been blunted by the use of the veto. The past few years have seen the veto slowly but surely erode the credibility of the Council, as it has increasingly become unable and unwilling to execute its responsibilities. The complex Sudanese crisis continues to be a challenge that requires urgent attention and meaningful action. Thus, the need to accelerate efforts aimed at finding a negotiation solution is critical. For any solutions to be sustainable, it ought to be inclusive of all relevant stakeholders. There's no other alternative. A solution must be found soon, because the longer this conflict continues, the greater the risk of fragmentation and foreign interference. We hope that those intent on interfering in the affairs of Sudan will heed the call to respect the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the country. We understand that throughout these deliberations, Sudan consistently emphasized that it could not support any resolution that undermines the sovereignty of the country or its government. Mr. President, it is incomprehensible that more than 18 months since the outbreak of the conflict in Sudan, a solution remains elusive, resulting in the displacement of millions of people. The situation in Sudan, especially in Darfur, if left unchecked, has the potential to bring about regional instability in an already fragile region. The deteriorating humanitarian and security situation in Sudan is regrettable and needs urgent action on the part of the international community, in particular the Security Council. The people of Sudan, especially innocent civilians, are likely to enjoy even further suffering as the Council fails to take decisive action towards finding a solution to the ongoing crisis. The President of South Africa regrets that the Council did not seize the opportunity to incorporate the compromise language proposed by some members, which could have bridged the differences and facilitated consensus. Such language would have allowed for the adoption of a balanced resolution and reinforced implementation of the Jeddah commitments. We call on all parties to the conflict to immediately cease hostilities, and abide by the Jeddah Declaration commitments and Resolution 2736 without further delay or conditions. South Africa supports the efforts of the Secretary-General’s personal envoy on Sudan, Mr. Ramtane Lamamra, in bringing together all relevant stakeholders, including the Arab League, African Union, and key regional actors. We hope that his efforts will result in an all-inclusive and comprehensive Sudanese-led and owned political process through which the Sudanese people will determine their future. There must be an unconditional cessation of hostilities, which would be the first step to a comprehensive response to the Sudanese crisis. South Africa stresses that dialogue, mediation, and diplomacy are the only path to end the current conflict. Conflicts end when dialogues begin, and wars continue when there is no dialogue. We trust that Sudan will remain steadfast in its commitment to pursue a solution that upholds the principles of freedom, peace, and justice for its people. I thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative of South Africa. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Austria.

Thank you, Mr. President. Excellencies, dear colleagues, Austria aligns itself with the statement of the EU. Once again, we gather here in the General Assembly because a permanent member of the Security Council blocked Council action on a question of peace and security, specifically Russia vetoed and thereby prevented the adoption of a resolution designed to support the protection of civilians in Sudan. This is regrettable, and even after hearing the arguments put forward by Russia in the Council meeting and earlier today, it remains incomprehensible. However, not all is lost. Thanks to the veto initiative, we have opportunity to hear the reasons for the veto and also to discuss the issue and what to do here in the General Assembly. Let me touch on two points. First, a word on the veto and the responsibility of all of us to ensure that the tools of the UN Charter are used effectively. According to the Charter, the Security Council has the primary mandate to uphold international peace and security, and it acts on behalf of all of us. According to Article 24, the Council is responsible to ensure prompt and effective action by the UN. With their right to veto and the permanent presence, the P5 have been accorded a special responsibility in this regard. They should tirelessly seek to ensure that the Council fulfills its mandate. They should not use the veto to hinder the Council from doing just that, especially in instances where civilians are at risk. And just to raise one very obvious and general point, which you would believe needs no mention at all, but unfortunately does, clearly, the veto is not a free pass for the P5 to violate core principles of the UN Charter and international law themselves or through their friends. Colleagues, the veto initiative has improved accountability and transparency of the Council towards the wider membership, whether it is through the issuance of a special report on the use of the veto in question to the GA, or through the debate. This is clearly an important step in the right direction for more accountability of the P5. Yet, while we appreciate the opportunity to hold the Council members accountable, it is unfortunate that these debates have to happen quite so often. We came together recently in relation to conflict situations in Ukraine, in Syria, in Mali, in Gaza, on the panel of experts of the 1718 DPRK Sanctions Committee. And now in the case on protection of civilians in Sudan, and you all know that we will be meeting here in this context again soon. At the Summit of the Future this year, just a couple of weeks ago, our leaders reaffirmed their commitment to strengthen the response of the Council to protect civilians. We are disappointed that some permanent members do not seem to live up to the call of their leaders. This leads me to my second point, the resolution that was blocked in the Council itself. We are disappointed that Russia vetoed a resolution that, in our view and the view of quite a lot of others, could have helped save lives. Due to the veto, Council was unable to adopt a call for the end of hostilities and concrete measures to improve the protection of civilians in a conflict that takes the lives of hundreds of civilians daily. The best way to protect civilians is to end fighting. We call for the immediate cessation of hostilities and a negotiated political solution, including a transition to civilian rule in the Sudan. We are deeply concerned about the humanitarian situation there and call for unimpeded humanitarian access to ensure the rapid supply of aid against the backdrop of a looming famine. Hunger must never be used as a weapon. Mr. President, the Security Council must fulfill its mandate and seek actively to uphold peace and security in Sudan and the wider region. The Council needs to put protection of civilians at the center of its efforts, not only because it is what our Charter requires, but in particular for the suffering people of Sudan. If the Council fails to do so, we must begin exploring how the General Assembly can step in and fill the void. The General Assembly can do more with regard to the maintenance of international peace and security. The veto initiative is an excellent tool to trigger such action, and we believe that this meeting today may be the appropriate forum to discuss what we could do to help the people of Sudan better. The GA has the mandate, authority, and power to adopt resolutions empowering the UN to become active in situations that need multilateral support urgently. Austria stands ready to partner up for such discussions. Thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative of Austria. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Portugal.

Thank you, Mr. President. Portugal aligns itself with the statement delivered by the European Union and wishes to state the following in its national capacity. As a co-sponsor of the veto initiative, Portugal deeply regrets the use of the veto against a resolution aimed at protecting civilians in Sudan at a time when their lives are at grave risk. Russia's veto on November 18th reflects an inability to unequivocally condemn continued attacks against civilians, as recognized by the United Nations, alongside other war crimes and atrocities. It also undermines efforts to encourage all parties to immediately cease hostilities and engage in good faith dialogue. Under the guise of protecting Sudan's sovereignty, this veto hampers the Security Council's ability to address the dire humanitarian crisis in Sudan. It obstructs efforts to alleviate famine and hardship and to promote dialogue and mediation, including the initiatives led by the UN Secretary General's personal envoy. This resolution could have contributed to ease tensions and to pave the way towards a nationwide ceasefire. Instead, it represents a lost opportunity for the Council to demonstrate unity in addressing one of the most violent conflicts and severe humanitarian crises of our time. Once again, the Council’s inability to act decisively highlights its shortcomings in delivering stability and peace on behalf of the broader UN membership. With the additional veto last week on the E10 draft resolution on Gaza, the total number of vetoes this year has risen to eight, the highest in a single year since 1989, during the Cold War. The use of the veto undermines multilateral diplomacy, which demands patient consensus-building. At a time when civilians need protection, in Sudan as in Gaza, political motivations must not prevent the Security Council from fulfilling its responsibility to act. In this troubling context, we stress the importance of accountability for the use of the veto in the Security Council. Its use must be restricted and exercised sensibly and in strict adherence to the Charter until a consensus is reached to abolish it. Despite this setback, we remain hopeful that the international community's commitment to the Sudanese people will create new opportunities for the United Nations to contribute to lasting peace in the country, namely through a political will to action in this General Assembly. I thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative of Portugal. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Chile.

Mr. President, we welcome the convening of this formal General Assembly meeting to discuss the veto in the Security Council on Monday the 18th of a draft resolution submitted by Sierra Leone and the United Kingdom on the protection of civilians in Sudan. That resolution urged the parties in the conflict immediately to cease hostilities and to enter into dialogue in good faith. We take note of the special report from the Security Council on this matter. We regret that the text was not adopted despite backing from 14 members of the Security Council, evidence that this matter is of great urgency and sensitivity for this Organization. We have closely followed discussions within the Security Council on this matter, and we underscore the determination of Member States in this body to arrive at an agreement. The war in Sudan has lasted more than a year and a half. The figures stand at 20,000 dead, 14 million people requiring urgent humanitarian assistance, more than 11 million people who have been displaced since the conflict began, almost 3 million of whom have sought refuge in neighbouring countries. We were disturbed to hear that, according to the most recent Integrated Food Security Phase Classification, more than 750,000 people are facing extremely high levels of food insecurity and famine conditions. We are also concerned about atrocities driven by ethnic hatred, sexual violence, including gang rape, and children who are being kidnapped and recruited as soldiers. We call for respect for the UN Charter, for international law, and international humanitarian law. The critical civilian infrastructure has also been targeted in this war. Health care and educational facilities are being hit hard. and we regret that a large number of girls and boys are deprived of education. Mr. President, for all of these reasons, we reiterate our position on the use of the veto and the danger it poses by eroding the credibility of the multilateral system. We underscore the fact that the veto should be restricted in circumstances deemed mass atrocities and war crimes. since we are aware of the fact that protecting human life must be our highest priority. For that reason, we maintain that we must continue to hold discussions and subsequently approve in this General Assembly the French-Mexican initiative, as well as the ACT Group Code of Conduct, on the Security Council response in cases of genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes. We call for members to endorse both elements. Once again, we emphasize that we must restructure the Security Council and its working methods so that that body can take timely decisions to safeguard international peace and security. and so that it can better reflect current geopolitical realities. This is crucial in order to bolster the capacity of this organization as a whole. A permanent ceasefire in Sudan remains a priority in order to protect civilians, particularly women, the elderly, and children. There is no doubt that human life must be the highest priority, and the Security Council must have the ability to monitor the situation. My country believes that it is fundamental to promote the principle of indivisibility in international security. In other words, all states have the shared responsibility to contribute to building an international order based on cooperation and governed by standards. Finally, we encourage the parties involved, as well as the international community, to continue to work to put an end to this war. This will only be possible through diplomacy and dialogue. Thank you. Thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative of Chile. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Liechtenstein.

Thank you, Mr. President. I thank you for convening today’s meeting in line with the provisions of resolution 76/62, also known as the veto initiative, and for your circulation of the special report of the Security Council. We are pleased to hear It will continue to institutionalize the practice of sending. a summary of today's discussions to the Council. The veto initiative ensures that a veto is no longer the end of the conversation, and Council members, notably the overwhelming number in favor of the product that was vetoed, should be apprised of the opinions of the membership. Sir President, allow me to begin with a blunt truth. We should not be here today, more than 18 months since the eruption of Sudan's civil war, The Council has not taken action in any way commensurate with the scale of human suffering we see in the country. While the vetoed draft resolution would not have made up the ground we have lost, it would have been a clear step in the right direction, something that 14 members of the Council, including its three members from the African continent, agreed on. We have heard the representative of the Russian Federation’s explanation in the Council, and we have heard their explanation Today, these explanations make two things clear. First, this resolution failed to the internal politics of the permanent members of the Council. On more than one occasion this year, the Russian Federation has chosen to attack a permanent member holding a pen on a resolution they vetoed, rather than focus on the suffering of the civilians addressed by the draft resolution. This is, of course, not the only case of a permanent member resorting to bilateral accusations of hypocrisy in the recent past. This practice delegitimizes the Council and undermines the principles of our Organization. Secondly, and more broadly, the explanations heard today foreground a two-tier view of the Council, of permanent members and others. A small number of permanent members hold the vast majority of penholder ships overwhelmingly regarding country situations with a colonial legacy. It is unconscionable, though, to use this fact as a pretext to prevent the Council as a whole taking action to protect civilians. Sir President, as long as the people of Sudan lack humanitarian assistance, as long as its people are subjected to human rights and international humanitarian law violations and abuses, As long as the desperate need continues, we must not let up efforts to act. Primary responsibility in this respect rests on the Council, and we support all efforts to reconsider a text that would fulfill the goals of the vetoed draft resolution. But if the Council continues to be prevented from fulfilling its primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security, Due to the use or threat of the veto, this Assembly must urgently consider its own role in ensuring action. A first step in this respect could be for this Assembly to receive a briefing from the SG on the humanitarian situation, which would provide the information needed for this Assembly to speak with one voice. We urge the Security Council to keep the membership apprised of further developments on this file. Members of this Assembly should consider their responsibilities to the principles of the Charter and powers under Chapter IV as they relate to the ongoing crisis in Sudan if action from the Council is not forthcoming in a timely manner. Sudan’s people cannot wait any longer. I thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative of Liechtenstein. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Ireland.

Thank you, President. Ireland aligns itself with the statement of the European Union. It is deeply regrettable that last week a Security Council resolution on the situation in Sudan was subject to a veto by one permanent member of the Council. This veto on Council action to respond to the catastrophic situation on the ground could not have come at a more difficult time for Sudan, where war continues to ravage the country. Now, over 18 months into the current conflict, it is hard to overstate the scale of the horrors facing Sudan and its people, where the civilian population faces death, destruction, and displacement. The extent of the humanitarian and human rights crises in Sudan is truly horrifying. We have seen repeated mass atrocities. Over 25 million people face acute hunger. With over 14 million people displaced from their homes, it is the globe’s largest displacement crisis, and millions have sought refuge in neighbouring countries. As the war rages on, huge numbers of civilians, mainly women and girls, have been subject to sexual and gender-based violence. And again and again, there have been large-scale attacks on civilians, while critical infrastructure indispensable to their survival has been destroyed. President, the situation in Sudan deserves and desperately needs the attention of the international community, and it desperately requires urgent action from the Security Council. Ireland calls on the parties to stop the bloodshed, to engage in mediation efforts towards reaching a ceasefire, and to facilitate the delivery of safe, rapid, and unhindered humanitarian access. We call on the parties to uphold their obligations under international humanitarian law and international human rights law. Humanitarian relief must be allowed to reach the people in need. including through humanitarian corridors to support IDPs, refugees, and residents in conflict-affected areas, in particular hard-to-reach urban centres and settlements. Ireland calls for accountability to ensure that those responsible for crimes in Sudan are brought to justice, and for victims and survivors of violence to receive the support they need. President, It is incumbent on us, on the international community, and in particular the Security Council, to initiate and support mechanisms to protect civilians, to facilitate humanitarian access, to promote mediation, and to prevent external actors from driving the conflict. All Member States have obligations under the 1591 sanctions regime and its related arms embargo. We condemn the ongoing external interference in Sudan that continues to fuel the conflict. The flow of arms into Sudan must stop. As USG DeCarlo recently stated, such actions are enabling the slaughter. This is unconscionable, it is illegal, and it must end. President, in the past few days, Ireland was pleased to see a food aid convoy finally arrive into North Darfur’s Zamzam camp, the first time since famine was confirmed in August. We welcome the fact that further envoys are on their way to other emergency areas experiencing severe food insecurity and the risk of famine. We call for vital border crossings into Sudan to remain open and fully operational in order to permit humanitarian access, and for cross-border humanitarian access to be prioritised. Freedom of movement and the safety and security of local humanitarian workers is critical. President, in 2019, the people of Sudan stood up and reclaimed their sovereignty through a peaceful popular revolution. Now more than ever, they deserve freedom, peace, and justice. I thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative of Ireland. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of the Republic of Korea.

Thank you, Mr. President. As a proud co-sponsor of the landmark General Assembly resolution 76/262, the Republic of Korea appreciates the convening of this important plenary to address the use of the veto. First and foremost, we deeply regret the failure to adopt a critical Security Council resolution to protect civilians in Sudan due to the veto by the Russian Federation. Our delegation voted in favor of the resolution, recognizing the urgent need to respond to the grave humanitarian crisis and egregious human rights violations affecting Sudanese civilians. The draft resolution introduced last week sought to deliver a unified and resolute message. The most effective way to protect civilians in Sudan is an immediate and nationwide cessation of hostilities. The resolution also sought to mandate the UN Secretary-General to propose mechanisms to implement the Jeddah Declaration amid the complex realities on the ground. Regrettably, the use of the veto by the Russian Federation has hampered the Security Council's ability to act decisively on a senseless war that has ravaged Sudan for more than 18 months. We have consistently emphasized that such vetoes do nothing to address the crisis at hand. Instead, they’ve paralyzed the Council’s ability to respond to flagrant violations of its own resolutions, undermining its legitimacy and eroding its credibility. Meanwhile, the RSF, one of the parties to the conflict, continues to flagrantly violate Security Council resolutions, international humanitarian law, and international human rights law through heinous attacks on civilians in Darfur, Al-Jazira, and beyond. Equally disturbing, the Sudanese authorities, the other warring party, are exploiting the failure to adopt the resolution and using it as a justification to continue their war. Both parties to the conflict remain under the fallacious delusion that a military solution is achievable. Let us be clear: there is no military solution to this crisis. Any continuation of hostilities will only deepen the suffering of the Sudanese people. and further entrench this tragic conflict. This is an entirely man-made catastrophe, fueled by a power struggle to consolidate authority through violence while disregarding the immense suffering of the Sudanese people. The situation is further exacerbated by external actors supporting all sides of the conflict. While the Security Council was unable to issue a unified call for a ceasefire due to the veto, the Republic of Korea reaffirms its unwavering commitment to the Security Council’s collective efforts to end the conflict in Sudan and prioritize the protection of civilians. Thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative of the Republic of Korea. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Spain.

Mr. President, Spain endorses the statement made by the European Union, and in our national capacity, I would like to make a few additional comments. Spain is grateful to Sierra Leone and the United Kingdom for the draft resolution on the protection of civilians and humanitarian aid in Sudan. We deeply regret that a text aimed at alleviating the situation of millions of people has been the subject of a veto by Russia. The war in Sudan is devastating. There is appalling loss of life, massive human rights violations, and the use of the veto in such circumstances is unjustifiable. Alleviating the suffering of civilians in Sudan after more than 19 months of war must be our absolute priority. Now the emergency is to protect the population, and the international community therefore should spare no efforts to put pressure on the warring parties and bring them to end the hostilities. Good-faith dialogue must urgently be begun in order to alleviate this humanitarian situation and, as soon as possible, ensure a lasting ceasefire. Equally, any foreign interference must cease, and States supporting these warring parties must know in doing so that they are contributing to an indefinite prolongation of the conflict. Spain calls for restraint and full respect for sovereignty, independence, and territorial integrity of Spain. We call for compliance with the international obligations, particularly the arms embargo on Darfur, and we ask that the embargo be extended to the entire country. The war in Sudan is causing the worst humanitarian catastrophe in the world, more than 10 million displaced persons. We need to improve access for aid to all areas of the country. Humanitarian aid cannot be used as a weapon of war. The UN's role and the role of all humanitarian actors is to deliver assistance. This is essential. We must act now. and give priority to persons, to civilians who are paying the highest price. We must act urgently to bolster respect for IHL and human rights law. Thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative of Spain. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Japan.

Thank you, Mr. President.

Japan deeply regrets the veto by Russia, a permanent member of Security Council, on the draft resolution on the protection of civilians in Sudan on the 18th of this month. More than 19 months of devastation from the armed conflict has put Sudanese people into unprecedented humanitarian and human rights crisis, with thousands of civilian deaths and millions of displaced persons. We have seen credible reports and heard testimonies of deliberate mass attacks against civilians and sexual and gender-based violence against women and girls in Darfur, Al-Jazira, and elsewhere in Sudan by RSF. The Sudanese armed forces also cannot deny their responsibility for many civilian deaths and injuries due to their indiscriminate bombardments. There are plausible reports of acute food insecurity in parts of Darfur and other regions, with a risk of spreading throughout the country. Important civilian infrastructure, including health services, has been attacked and looted. Telecommunications, vital to access a service, have been disabled. UN and non-UN humanitarian workers, including local, continue operating despite extreme security risks. This conflict has been fueled by external support in apparent breach of the UN arms embargo in Darfur. Mr. President, it is as clear as daylight that Security Council must take action to alleviate civilian suffering in Sudan. It is clear that the Council must demand all parties to the conflict to stop the use of force immediately. It is clear that Council must declare that violators of international humanitarian and human rights law will be held accountable. It is clear that Council must show a determination that we will never forget the Sudanese people. But Russia vetoed in spite of all these. Russia did not allow the Council to perform its bestowed duty to try to restore peace by casting a veto on the draft resolution, which gained 14 votes in favor, including Japan, after constructive and active negotiations led by the co-pain holders. Mr. President, although our term in the council nears its end, Japan will exert its.

Utmost effort so that the council will take concrete steps forward to fulfill its responsibility.

Japan remains strongly committed to the Sudanese people as a long-standing protector of human security, human rights, and human dignity.

I thank you, Mr. President.

I thank the distinguished representative of Japan. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Malta.

Thank you, President. Malta aligns itself with the statement delivered by the European Union and would like to make some additional remarks in its national capacity. Malta deeply regrets that the veto was used by a permanent member of the Council on a resolution that would have sought to alleviate civilian suffering in Sudan with due urgency. In our view, the draft that was tabled was a balanced one, and it addressed all the legitimate concerns raised by Council members during negotiations. We thank the co-penholders, the UK and Sierra Leone, for their efforts. President, Malta voted in favour of this resolution, which would have requested the development of a compliance mechanism to facilitate the implementation of the Jeddah Declaration commitments. If adopted, the resolution would have reaffirmed the protection of civilians in a country where protection needs are rising and accountability is declining. It would have sent a strong message to the warring parties to comply with their obligations under international law and to ensure that civilians, civilian objects, and humanitarian and medical personnel are not targeted. President, civilians in Sudan continue to bear the brunt of the violence. How many more mass atrocities will civilians experience before the Council can act? How many more women and children must die and suffer before the Council acts? Reports of women committing mass suicide to avoid being raped in Al-Jazeera State are simply horrific. We can no longer fall silent to the dire humanitarian and human rights situation in Sudan. With continued reports of famine and deplorable levels of sexual violence, millions of Sudanese face devastation daily. They should not be left to die in silence. They should be supported as they seek justice and a future that reflects their aspirations. We reiterate the Council's call for an immediate ceasefire. To this end, Malta stands ready to continue working with the co-chains and all other Council members on this file to find an acceptable solution and adopt a resolution without further delay. The time is of the essence. Thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative of Malta. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of the United States.

Thank you, President. Regrettably, Russia has stood in the way of Security Council action to address the situation in Sudan. Russia has been playing both sides of the conflict to advance its own selfish political objectives at the expense of Sudanese lives. Russia’s veto prevented the Security Council from calling for a comprehensive, nationwide ceasefire, for increased protection of civilians, and for unhindered flow of humanitarian aid into and across Sudan. Russia claims it is for Africans, but instead votes against a resolution supported by Africans, for Africans, to save African lives. With this resolution, the Security Council would have demanded that the RSF cease attacks in Al-Fashir, Gezira, and elsewhere in Sudan. The Council would have called for both the RSF and the SAF to be held accountable for their commitments in the Jeddah Declaration. The Council would have called for a stop to the killing, starvation, and sexual violence in Sudan. But Russia blocked all that. Every day in Sudan, men, women, children are displaced from their homes and their country, starved to death, indiscriminately caught in the crossfire, forced into conscription, murdered, and raped. And yet, Russia callously and cynically stood in the way of the Security Council doing its job, demanding action to save lives in the world’s worst humanitarian crisis and to avoid further strain in the region. Regardless, the United States will not cease to stand up and advocate for those suffering from this pointless war. With partners, we will continue to amplify the voices of the Sudanese people. who are calling for peace and prosperity and democracy and justice. Together, we will continue to press for increased humanitarian access. We will continue to press for a stop to the killing, and Russia can’t stand in the way of that. Thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative of the United States. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Sudan.

In the name of God, the Merciful and Compassionate, President, we are grateful to the President of the General Assembly for convening this meeting, which allows us to express the different positions regarding the draft resolution that the Security Council did not adopt on 18 November. We participated in constructive discussions with the different members concerned at the Council, and we ensured in good faith that we could contribute to a consensus text that guaranteed the protection of civilians while respecting the sovereignty and independence of my country without interfering in its internal affairs. During the deliberations, we shared our reservations in writing with the penholders as well as with the permanent members of the Council, particularly on paragraph 10 of the text, which undermines our sovereignty and the power and authority of the government. Some paragraphs refer to the crimes of the militia as simply as violence, rather than this massacre, butchery. This is why the government of Sudan would express the wish to seeing the Council take a more positive approach and have the powers unite against the militia and the states of the Gulf that are sponsoring this aggression that is destroying Sudan systematically and has in over the last 18 months. Any complacency without these – with the bloody acts of these militia is an act of complicity. Some members, President, during the deliberations ignored clear proof of the violations committed by the militias and abstained from qualifying them as terrorists or criminals. carrying out crimes against humanity and war crimes against civilians, without undefended civilians. This clearly reflects a double standard that we find unacceptable. The price is being paid by innocent people, and the price is the future of an entire nation. We refuse, we reject that some people, countries use the situation in Sudan for political purposes. particularly regarding the influx of weapons falling into the hands of the militia. These weapons come from the Sahel and other regions, which leads to the displacement of Sudanese people. Today, other people come to then replace these Sudanese, and they take their homes, and some of them use artificial intelligence to attack the territorial integrity of my country. Mercenaries are crossing borders, particularly across the south of Libya. Some mercenaries come from Colombia. They attacked Sudanese armed forces. Also, the rapid support forces, with the support of some partners, have expanded their attacks on civilians, who should not be military targets. Of course, it is necessary to protect civilians, but the arguments that were presented to us were particularly weak. It would have been more useful, for example, to put pressure on the regional state that sponsors this war. Let's remember that the Security Council, since 2003, has held 513, 50 and 513, and seven of them since April 2023. At the same time, several global powers have not helped with the delivery of assistance to Sudan. Also, there have been attempts to dismantle the Sudanese armed forces too. Also, a leader from the RSF explained that there was a project to divide Sudan and to militarize the Red Sea zone. This kind of project has been supported by the Rapid Support Forces and by some political forces. Some members of the Council do not understand the heart of the crisis in Sudan, and they believe that this is simply a war, a struggle for power. Actually, it's the RSF militia that's responsible for this conflict, and their forces receive support from a state in the Gulf, which everyone knows, that are endangering the lives of millions of people in an entire region, which will have a grave impact on international peace and security. Sudan profoundly regrets the difficulty in adopting more consensus-based wording, which could have allowed the resolution to be adopted, and this could have allowed then for the Jeddah agreement to be implemented. rather than signaling to the RSF that they can continue their action. Moreover, the weapons and munitions continue to flow into Sudan. In June, the Security Council, through resolution 2736, called on the RSF to put an end to attacks on innocent civilians. However, The militia ignored this and continued their aggressions and atrocities against our people. Thus, millions of people are still suffering. The draft resolution where the veto was used upon would have allowed the RSF to continue this action without any consequence. We call on the Council to avoid adopting new resolutions which add nothing, bring nothing new. All you need to do is call on the RSF to respect the Jeddah commitments and resolution 2736. This That is the responsibility that the international community should demonstrate. We have been harassed by some international organizations and by appeals for a complete arms embargo under the pretext that the army was carrying out arbitrary operations against civilians, whereas we all know that it's the militia who, as admitted by their own leaders, are spilling the blood of Sudanese people, ****** women. and displacing children and recruiting young people, and this is why we called on them to be seen as a terrorist group. We've faced grave threats too, as well as appeals for a complete arms embargo. It is unacceptable to equate the armed forces and these terrorist groups. There is a state in the Gulf that sponsors this war of aggression, and in this connection we wish to refer to the final report of the Group of Experts on Darfur that refers to this issue. The report in question was received by the Security Council a few days ago. The Sudanese government has cooperated and facilitated the granting of visas, has opened various crossing points and different airports. We have presented statistics that demonstrate the fact that Sudan is working to cooperate with the UN and to deliver aid to those who need it. Moreover, a representative of the United Nations visited Sudan recently and observed the cooperation that the Sudanese authorities have been engaging in. Also, President al-Burhan yesterday called on the relevant institutions, ordered the relevant institutions in Sudan to facilitate the opening of the Kadugli, Obeid, and Damazin airports to ensure that humanitarian aid can be delivered. He also ordered that cooperation be facilitated with the United Nations and United Nations agencies in order to facilitate distribution of aid. This 7 million tons of maize and other agricultural products have been distributed across various regions. This is why reference made to the the classification of food security classification are erroneous. It is necessary to disarm the forces of the militias and to provide assistance to the government of Sudan to put an end to the activity of these mercenaries and to support a national support plan for civilians, reconciliation efforts, and the creation of national peace to ensure stability. The project to take power by force using foreign forces, using mercenaries has failed. The international community must now build the capacity and guarantee stability, particularly regarding resources, precious metals included. It is necessary to create a common force to control these resources or to oversee these resources. It's necessary to not use recourse to civilians who are speaking on behalf of people, and therefore we caution. We believe that the veto, the Russian veto, supported the state that was being targeted, the civilian forces, military forces that was going to be dismantled, and they also support the sovereignty, which one of the paragraphs in the resolution was going to just deny. So therefore, it's important we should not, we should dissociate itself from limited policies that do not enjoy support of the Sudanese people. And this is regarding the Sudanese people, which are the basis of the history of the revolution against totalitarian regimes. The Security Council must rediscover preventive diplomacy. and the vision of the late Dag Hammarskjöld. Thank you very much.

The distinguished representative of Sudan. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of the United Kingdom.

Thank you, President. Last week, our Foreign Secretary used the UK presidency of the Security Council to draw the world's attention to the devastating impact on civilians of the conflict in Sudan. The Secretary-General's October report described the deliberate targeting of civilians, widespread sexual violence, and the abduction of children. The UK and Sierra Leone decided to act in response to the urgent situation on the ground. Working in partnership, We co-penned a resolution on the protection of civilians, seeking to bring the Council together to address the protection crisis. We consulted extensively with Council members and stakeholders to produce a balanced text. The draft resolution called for the development of a compliance mechanism for the Jeddah Declaration. ensuring that the commitments made by both parties to protect civilians translated into results on the ground. It called for the warring parties to support humanitarian pauses to ensure the safe passage of civilians and aid. And it would have provided the international community with practical steps to support mediation efforts, to protect civilians, and work towards a lasting ceasefire. The draft resolution also fully respected the sovereignty, unity, independence and territorial integrity of Sudan. We engaged extensively and listened carefully to the views of the Sudanese mission when developing the text. Nothing in the text compromised the sovereignty of Sudan. Indeed, the provisions on humanitarian access through border crossings were explicit that this should be done with the prior agreement and coordination of the Sudanese Transitional Sovereign Council. The Sierra Leone-UK co-pend resolution received 14 votes in favour. 14 votes in favour. This included all African Council members. But one country cynically blocked this resolution at the last minute. Russia's veto prevented necessary council action on the basic right of African civilians to be protected. Despite Russia's veto, 14 votes in favor sends a clear message. The international community will not allow Sudan to be forgotten. nor the suffering of civilians to be ignored. We must ensure that the Security Council continues to act for peace in Sudan. Our ambition remains high and unwavering, and we hope to move forward constructively. The UK is doing its part. Foreign Secretary Lammy announced last week that we are doubling the UK's humanitarian aid to Sudan. providing an additional $143 million. But funding is not the only issue. We must ensure that aid actually reaches those most in need. We welcome the decision to extend the authorization of the Adra crossing and the establishment of UN humanitarian hubs in El Obeid, Kadugli, and Ad Damazin. We call on the Sudanese authorities to facilitate UN presence and delivery across all of Sudan. We welcome the new Emergency Relief Coordinator's visit to Sudan, and we'll continue to work with OCHA, our African partners, and other actors to press for more aid, more access, and more protection in Sudan. Thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative of the United Kingdom. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Croatia.

Mr. President, thank you for organizing this debate on the protection of civilians in Sudan. Croatia aligns itself with the statement delivered by the European Union, and I would like to add some remarks in my national capacity. President, it is regretful and worrying that the resolution condemning the continued assaults on civilians in Sudan was vetoed at the Security Council. We are witnessing one of the worst humanitarian crises in the world. We have seen numerous reports of armed violence and atrocities, ethnically motivated killings, sexual and gender-based violence, including conflict-related sexual violence, and the destruction and looting of livelihoods and homes in Sudan by the Rapid Support Forces and by the Sudanese Armed Forces. Increasing evidence that children are disproportionately targeted, including killing and maiming, recruitment, abduction, and sexual violence, are particularly worrying. This is a tragedy born out of disregard for international law and international humanitarian and human rights laws. An immediate nationwide cessation of hostilities is the most effective way to protect civilians, and maximum pressure needs to be exerted to ensure that the Sudanese Armed Forces and Rapid Support Forces honor and fully implement their commitments made in the Jeddah Declaration of Commitment to Protect the Civilians of Sudan. As co-chair of the Group of Friends of Responsibility to Protect, Croatia wishes to remind on our responsibility as an international community to protect civilians if their national authorities are failing to do so. A veto by a member of the UN Security Council does not and will not make us indifferent, nor should it discourage us in helping the people of Sudan. We need to find ways for the UN to contribute to bringing peace to their country. Some proposals have already been outlined in the SG’s October report on Sudan. We should also address the growing interference of foreign actors in the conflict. But first and foremost, we must ensure the unhindered and safe delivery of aid to civilians in particular in the area around El Fasher. Regional organizations are often well placed to guide multilateral action on emerging atrocity situations and threats to peace and security in their region. We should extend our support to the African Union and other regional organizations, together with the UN, to stop the death spiral and food insecurity in Sudan. There have been many situations in which concerted efforts of regional organizations and their member states were the difference between prolonged conflict and the successful prevention of further atrocities. We urge the Secretary General to develop a proposal for a compliance mechanism to facilitate the implementation of the Jeddah Declaration commitments, and that all parties to the conflict engage fully in this effort. Mr. President, We stand in solidarity with Sudanese people, especially those civilians who are in gravest danger, and call on the international community, including members of the Security Council, as well as all parties to the conflict, to immediately work to stop all hostilities and killings of civilians. I thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative of Croatia. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Sierra Leone.

Mr. President, when the Security Council was established to succeed the League of Nations after the Second World War, it was envisioned as a body that would address global crises based on the imperative to maintain international peace and security, rather than serving the narrow interests of a select few nations. However, over the years, the Council’s effectiveness has been undermined by imbalances in its dynamics, which have, in recent times, hampered its ability to swiftly resolve conflicts. This has led to devastating consequences for civilian populations and heightened threats to global peace and security. Today, we find ourselves once again debating the use of the veto on a resolution aimed at protecting civilians in Sudan. This resolution was intended to implement the Secretary-General’s recommendations to address grave violations of human rights and international humanitarian law, including widespread sexual violence, destruction of critical infrastructure, ethnically motivated killings, deprivation, hunger as a weapon of war, and the restriction of humanitarian aid and movement. In alignment with its mandate under the United Nations Charter, the Security Council has previously adopted measures calling for cessation of hostilities, adherence to human rights, and unimpeded humanitarian access in Sudan. Efforts by the Secretary-General’s personal envoy and the African Union High-Level Panel on Sudan continue to focus on bringing the warring parties to the negotiating table to pursue a peaceful resolution of the conflict. To this end, Sri Lanka and the United Kingdom penned a resolution on the protection of civilians in Sudan. This draft incorporated the Secretary-General’s recommendations, emphasizing the need for a comprehensive ceasefire, expanded humanitarian access, accountability for atrocities, and enhanced diplomatic efforts. Sri Lanka and the United Kingdom worked tirelessly to achieve consensus on the draft resolution while addressing key concerns of Council members, ensuring a balanced yet substantive text. Mr. President, as co-authors, Sierra Leone and the UK sought to bridge differences among members and included amendments to accommodate diverse perspectives. With Sudan's acquiescence, the draft resolution was finalized and presented for adoption. Given the dire situation in Sudan, Council’s logical response should have been its unanimous adoption. Regrettably, despite securing the requisite majority, the resolution was not adopted due to the negative vote of a permanent member. The use of the veto once again underscores the limitations imposed by the privilege even in the face of by this privilege, even in the face of catastrophic humanitarian crises. We deeply regret this outcome and reiterate that a Council free of veto could more effectively reflect the collective will of its members and address pressing global security challenges. As coordinator of the African Union Committee of Ten on the reform of the Security Council, Sierra Leone emphasizes the urgent need to abolish the veto as part of the broader Security Council reform efforts. Mr. President, even though there is a call for abolishing the veto, Africa’s position remains firm: any new permanent members of the Council must be afforded the same prerogatives and privileges as current permanent members, including the veto right. if such rights are retained. This is a matter of equity and justice. Africa rejects proposals for longer-term or intermediary models without veto rights, as these approaches fail to address the structural imbalances and historical injustices endured by the continent. Permanent or semi-permanent membership without veto rights will introduce a new category of membership that diverges from the existing framework. Such models do not resolve the issues of representation, nor do they democratize the Council. The inability to adopt the resolution for the protection of civilians in Sudan due to the veto underscores, however, the pressing need for Security Council reform. I thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative of Sierra Leone. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Malaysia.

Mr. President, Thank you for convening today's plenary meeting following the casting of the veto by a permanent member of the Security Council during its meeting on 18 November 2024 under the agenda item, reports of the Secretary-General on the Sudan and South Sudan. Mr. President, Malaysia regrets that Security Council was unable to adopt a draft resolution on the protection of civilians in Sudan. The draft resolution would have demanded that all attacks against civilians be halted and would have called on the parties to the conflict to immediately cease hostilities and engage in good faith in dialogue to agree on steps to de-escalate the conflict, with the aim of urgently achieving a national ceasefire. The humanitarian crisis in Sudan is one of the most severe and underreported tragedies of our time. For 18 months, the Sudanese people have endured immense suffering with no signs of respite. As reported by the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs to the Security Council on 12 November 2024, civilians continue to flee for their lives both within Sudan and across its borders. More than 11 million people have been displaced since April 2023. with nearly 3 million of whom seeking refuge in neighboring countries. The situation has been described as the largest displacement crisis in the world. Additionally, the Integrated Food Security Phase Classification (IPC) in its most recent analysis in June this year, determined that over half of the Sudanese population, or 25.6 million people, were facing acute hunger in Sudan. 755,000 of whom facing the very highest levels of food insecurity and famine conditions, also known as IPC Phase 5. Malnutrition is also worsening, threatening the lives of thousands of children. Mr. President, the humanitarian crisis in Sudan demands the attention of the global community. Malaysia underscores the need for improvements in humanitarian access to ensure that aid reaches civilians in need. It is imperative that parties to the conflict ensure the safe, rapid, and unhindered access of both relief supplies and humanitarian personnel. We call for respect for international law, particularly international humanitarian law, and international human rights law to ensure that civilians are protected. We call on the parties to the conflict to reach agreement on humanitarian process to facilitate the provision of assistance into and the voluntary movement of civilians out of areas of active hostilities. Malaysia also calls on the parties to cease hostilities and engage in dialogue to de-escalate the conflict and agree on a ceasefire for the sake of the Sudanese people. Mr. President, Malaysia reiterates its position that the veto and its undemocratic nature runs against the very principles that the United Nations was built upon. It has no place in a modern and democratic multilateral architecture. Malaysia maintains its position that the exercise of the veto by permanent members of the Security Council should be regulated to deter it from being used unjustifiably or abused. Its application must be prohibited in situations involving mass atrocity crimes, such as genocide, crimes against humanity, or war crimes. We are also of the view that, to be effective and more accountable, the veto should be exercised by at least two of the five permanent members and supported by three non-permanent members of the Council. This decision must then be supported by the General Assembly with a simple majority vote. However, we maintain that ultimately, the veto needs to be abolished altogether. Malaysia will continue to work constructively with other Member States through the intergovernmental negotiations on the Security Council reform towards improving the United Nations to make it more efficient, open, transparent and inclusive. I thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative of Malaysia. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Bulgaria.

Mr. President, Bulgaria aligns itself with the statement made by the European Union, and I would like to add a few points in my national capacity. We have gathered here today in response to a deeply regrettable event in the Security Council. On 19th of November, the Russian Federation exercised its veto power to block a resolution aiming at addressing one of the most horrifying humanitarian crises of our time, the ongoing conflict in Sudan. First, let us consider what the resolution sought to achieve. It called for a nationwide ceasefire, the protection of civilians, and unimpeded humanitarian access. It represented a lifeline for millions of Sudanese people caught in the throes of violence, displacement, and famine. By vetoing this resolution, the Russian Federation has effectively turned its back on the suffering of countless innocents, delaying critical aid to those in dire need. Second, this veto defied an overwhelming international consensus. Fourteen of the Council’s 15 members supported the resolution, including nations from every corner of the globe. African states, whose citizens bear the brunt of the crisis, endorsed the resolution. Yet, the Russian Federation stood alone, prioritizing narrow political interests over the voices of the international community and, most importantly, the people of Sudan. The justification for the veto hinges on the claim that the resolution undermines Sudan's sovereignty. However, sovereignty cannot serve as a shield for inaction. When invoked to obstruct humanitarian aid, it becomes a hollow excuse for complicity in human suffering. This veto betrays the foundational principles of the United Nations Charter, which calls on all nations to act in defense of peace and human dignity. Moreover, this veto risks escalating the conflict in Sudan. By undermining collective efforts to hold warring parties accountable and establish a ceasefire, the Russian Federation implicitly supports continued violence. Such actions fuel instability not only in Sudan, but across the region. Lastly, this veto not only erodes the credibility of the United Nations Security Council, but it also fails us all, as the Security Council has the responsibility to act on our behalf. Let us be clear: while the exercise of the veto is a choice, the protection of civilians is not a choice; it is an obligation. Therefore, no effort should be spared and all options that would lead to alleviating suffering and achieving peace in Sudan should be explored. Thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative of Bulgaria. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Germany.

Thank you, Mr. President. Germany aligns itself with the statement delivered by the European Union. Mr. President, the civilian population of Sudan is experiencing unimaginable suffering. Widespread displacement, hunger, and violence determine the day-to-day life of millions of Sudanese women, men, and children. The humanitarian catastrophe beckons one question: when will the international community finally act? On 18th of November, 14 members of the Security Council, including all African members, gave a clear answer to that question and supported a draft resolution aimed at putting an end to atrocious attacks on civilians and civilian infrastructure, and aimed at ensuring full, rapid, safe, and unhindered humanitarian access. One member vetoed the draft, ignoring the suffering of the people of Sudan. This is deeply regrettable. This unwarranted veto shows that the use of the veto in the Security Council must be limited, after all. In that context, Germany reiterates its support for the French-Mexican initiative aimed at restraint on the use of the veto when the Security Council is faced with mass atrocities. Mr. President, we remain deeply concerned about the human rights violations and violations of international humanitarian law committed in the conflict in Sudan. Sexual and gender-based violence, violations, and abuses of children, and all attacks against the civilian population have to stop. We join the call for an immediate nationwide cessation of hostilities and demand that both parties to the conflict fully implement their commitments made in the Jeddah Declaration. Germany has been and will stay engaged for the people of Sudan, as a humanitarian donor and as an advocate for the Sudanese cause. We support civilian actors working for an inclusive political platform against the war. We are engaged in bringing together countries and organizations involved in mediation, and we support initiatives advancing peace in Sudan. Mr. President, the people of Sudan need our attention. They deserve our full support. Let us not be distracted by political games, but let us live up to our common responsibilities. Thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative of Germany. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Greece.

Mr. President, Greece aligns itself with the statement delivered earlier by the European Union, and I would like to add the following in my national capacity regarding the draft resolution of the United Nations Security Council on the protection of civilians in Sudan. Greece fully supports this draft resolution prepared by the co-pennholders, the United Kingdom and Sierra Leone, aimed at improving the protection of civilians in Sudan. We urge all parties to honor and fully implement their commitments as agreed and signed by both sides in Jeddah on May 11, 2023, following the diligent mediation efforts of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the United States of America. Facing a dire humanitarian situation in Sudan, It is regrettable that the draft resolution was not adopted, especially at a time of utmost need for securing unimpeded humanitarian assistance to address the critical situation in Sudan, affecting over 25 million people in need, with more than 11 million people displaced. Greece supports all efforts aimed at dialogue and mediation. In this respect, we express our full support to the work of the UN Personal Envoy of the Secretary-General for Sudan, Mr. Lamamra, who assumed office in November 2023. In addition, Greece reaffirms its unwavering commitment to supporting the United Nations, the African Union, and other key stakeholders in the mediation efforts. Our primary focus is on ensuring the safety and well-being of civilians, as well as the protection of critical infrastructure, which are essential for stability and recovery in conflict-affected regions. The international community should prioritize civilian safety amidst escalating crises in Sudan and beyond, and should act accordingly. Our collective responsibility to protect innocent civilians should guide our actions and pave the way to resolve any differences within the United Nations Security Council. Mr. President, the magnitude of the crisis in Sudan, compounded by insufficient attention from the international community, risks escalating into a catastrophe of such scale that future generations may hold us accountable for failing to act. This is especially true on the impact of the situation on women and girls, leaving them disproportionately vulnerable to violence, displacement, and limited access to essential services. Mr. President, having reached an agreement on this draft resolution, it would have served as a catalyst, creating positive momentum for taking the necessary steps to address other ongoing armed conflicts across the globe. We carefully listened to Sierra Leone’s explanation of vote during the Security Council meeting on November 18th. about the pivotal role of UNC Resolution 27/70 of 1999 in addressing the then civil war and devastating humanitarian crisis, particularly protecting civilians. The positive outcome of that experience stands as a guiding principle, underscoring the importance of applying those lessons not only to current efforts in Sudan, but also to future crises to ensure the safeguarding of vulnerable population. Greece calls for strengthened efforts with a view to a sustainable truce and political agreement to enable a transition to election and long-term peace. Before closing, let me reiterate our commitment to the sovereignty, unity, independence, and territorial integrity of Sudan. We express our concern about the potential spillover into the region, urging immediate action to prevent further destabilization. My country advocates for mediation processes that are unifying and inclusive, involving all key stakeholders. We express finally our support and solidarity to the Sudanese people and call on the international community to proceed to all necessary initiatives in order to reach an agreement to protect civilians and pave the way for a ceasefire and peace. I thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative of Greece. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Saudi Arabia.

في البداية Thank you, President.

Allow me, first of all, to thank you for convening this important meeting, to imply resolution 72/262 on agenda item on the right to veto, the exercise of the veto. Following the Security Council meeting on the 18th of November, President of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, reiterates its position of principle on the security of Sudan, as well as maintaining its stability and territorial integrity, as well as the cohesion of its state and its institutions to fight off, stave off collapse. We invite us to understand the repercussions of the current crisis and call for calm, strengthening of dialogue, unity, and mitigation of the suffering of the brother people of Sudan, and reduce anything that could worsen the situation. We believe a political solution is the only way of putting a stop to the crisis in Sudan. Indeed, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia hosted talks in Jeddah on this topic, reaffirming its commitment to peace and stability in Sudan. President, at a time when the Kingdom is calling for the agreement from the Jeddah Declaration from 11 May 2023 to be implemented, calling on parties to the conflict to commit to a ceasefire, to ensure delivery of humanitarian aid and respect for international law. At the same time, we call on the Security Council to shoulder its responsibilities regarding Sudan to guarantee the unity of its country, security and stability. In conclusion, the Kingdom will continue to undertake efforts to tackle the crisis in Sudan, to support a ceasefire and return of stability. We continue to support humanitarian efforts to alleviate the suffering of the Sudanese people. Thank you very much.

Distinguished representative of Saudi Arabia. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Poland.

Mr. President, Poland aligns itself with the statement delivered by the European Union. Poland considers Russia’s veto of the United Nations Security Council resolution on the protection of civilians in Sudan unacceptable, as it weakens the UN system’s ability to fully realize international humanitarian law. It is crucially important that the Council fulfils its obligation to support people threatened by the humanitarian catastrophe. The protection of civilians in armed conflicts, especially women, children, older persons and persons with disabilities, must be ensured in any situation. The ongoing conflict in Sudan has had devastating effects on the civilian population. Civilians continue to bear the brunt of the conflict, with the country on the brink of famine.

The October report of the UN Mission in Sudan detailed the scale of violations of international humanitarian law.

In places like Al-Jazeera, El Fasher, in North Darfur State, Khartoum, and other parts of the country, dozens of civilians have been killed or wounded, and thousands have been forced to flee their homes. Unfortunately, international humanitarian law, which protects human life, dignity, and the rights of civilians, is being broken daily. The situation in Sudan is currently one of the world's most dire humanitarian crises. Based on our own recent experience, Poland recognizes the importance of providing adequate support to refugees fleeing armed conflict.

and understands the complexities of the challenges involved.

As a direct neighbor of Ukraine, we have first-hand experience with the harsh realities of another brutal and prolonged conflict, this time caused by Russia. In response to this crisis, we have welcomed over one million Ukrainian refugees into our country. To assist the millions who have fled their homes in Sudan seeking safety, Poland has already contributed to the UNHCR Regional Refugee Response Plan for Sudan in 2024. This significant contribution underscores our commitment to humanitarian aid and aims to enhance the collective efforts to address the most urgent humanitarian needs of Sudanese refugees in the five neighboring countries. Mr. President, humanitarian support, including saving the population from famine, aligns with all accepted principles of international humanitarian law. Supporting civilians is not a violation of sovereignty.

Violating sovereignty is launching an international attack on another state, as seen in the Russian invasion of Ukraine.

Mr. President, we are disappointed, but not surprised, that the country presenting itself as an ally of the African continent does not support measures aimed at preventing harm to the civilians and is blocking solutions endorsed by the other members of the international community.

In conclusion,

Poland has supported and continues to support all legal international measures taken to protect civilians in armed conflicts. Therefore, we call for an immediate cessation of hostilities in Sudan and for the conflict to be resolved through peaceful, diplomatic means. We also urge all parties involved to implement their commitments to protect civilians and enforce security guarantees for the delivery of humanitarian aid to those in need. And I thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative of Poland. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Guatemala.

Mr. President, the Republic of Guatemala expresses its support for the holding of this debate pursuant to the provisions of resolution 76/162. to have a General Assembly debate when the veto is exercised in the Security Council, in this case because of the situation in Sudan. As my country stated during the General Assembly debate on the use of the veto recently, Guatemala rejects the use of the veto in the Security Council by a permanent member. The attention and support of the international community is urgently needed to guarantee compliance with the Jeddah Declaration of Commitment to protect the civilian population in Sudan. It is imperative that the SAF and the RSF respect and fully comply with the commitments undertaken in that declaration. We recognize the work done by the United Kingdom in Sierra Leone. heading up this draft resolution S/2024/826, and we underscore that the text that was vetoed had the purpose of requesting the Secretary-General to propose the creation of a compliance mechanism to facilitate the implementation of the Jeddah Declaration. Based on consultations with the Transitional Sovereign Council of Sudan and other parties in the conflict as needed, as well as with the African Union. There must be, as soon as possible, a good-faith dialogue to agree on humanitarian arrangements and pauses and to guarantee the safe passage of civilians as well as the timely delivery of sufficient humanitarian aid. We must also restore a civilian infrastructure, essential services, as well as telecommunication services so that civilians have access to these. Guatemala underscores the importance of supporting mediation efforts such as the cessation of hostilities at the local level, as well as de-escalation measures, including the crucial mandate of the Secretary General’s Special Envoy for Sudan to support and promote peace in a comprehensive, inclusive political process that is Sudanese-led and Sudanese-owned, and that reflects the aspirations of the Sudanese people. We urge that there be coordination with the African Union and other key bodies to guarantee complementarity of international efforts for Sudan. Mr. President, once again, Guatemala calls on the Security Council to act responsibly pursuant to the UN Charter with regard to the maintenance of international peace and security in accordance with the purposes and principles of our Organization. We are alarmed at the frequent use of the right to veto by permanent members in the Security Council. This has had a significant implication with regard to critical situations for international peace and security. We will continue to call for structural changes in this body to shoulder our responsibility vis-à-vis the international community. Guatemala, as a founding member of the United Nations, places the utmost importance in the Charter, because the Charter contains the loftiest ideals of multilateralism and promotes the fundamental principles of international law, the duty to prevent acts which are an attack against international peace and security is a duty we all shoulder, and as – particularly as Member States of this Organization and the permanent members of the Council above all others, we have the duty and the obligation for the maintenance of international peace and security. Thank you.

The distinguished representative of Guatemala. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Switzerland.

President, thank you for organizing this debate to discuss the veto by a permanent member of the Security Council of the draft resolution submitted by the United Kingdom and Sierra Leone on the protection of civilians in Sudan. We deeply regret that this draft resolution was not adopted. Hana El Tijani, the young Sudanese woman who briefed the Council in October under our presidency, reminded us that our actions today will shape the future of her country and the region. President, the heavy toll paid by the civilian population in this conflict is beyond all comprehension. Millions of Sudanese people are suffering the horrors of a war that has no end in sight and is leaving the country in ruins. We have heard this time and time again, yet we must continually remind ourselves of the devastating scale of the hostilities. Famine is raging across the country and is killing in silence. Hundreds of thousands of people are suffering as a result of the horrific atrocities committed by the Rapid Support Forces in Al-Jazira and through their continued siege of El Fashir. Accounts of systematic sexual gender-based violence against women and girls are appalling. Indiscriminate aerial bombardment by the Sudanese Armed Forces on densely populated areas add to the death toll. And with a rise in ethnic violence, often deliberately fueled by the belligerents, we regularly hear warnings of the risks of genocide. In the light of these risks, the Council's inaction is unacceptable, as many Member States in this room affirmed, as recently as last Wednesday at the annual meeting dedicated to the exercise of the veto. We believe that no member of the Council should have voted against a draft as that presented by Sierra Leone and the United Kingdom, and that the right of veto, as long as it exists, must be used in a limited and responsible way. President, more than two-thirds of the members of this Assembly, so an absolute majority, believe that no member of the Security Council should vote against a resolution aimed at preventing or putting an end to atrocity crimes. These two-thirds of the Assembly have signed the Code of Conduct of the ACT Group, which commits them to exactly this: never vote against such a draft as the risks, given the clear testimonies from humanitarian actors and the repeated calls from the civilian population to act without delay, are all well highlighted. Nothing is more important now than putting the interests of the Sudanese people first. We reiterate our call on all parties to cease hostilities immediately, to guarantee safe and unhindered humanitarian access, and to respect their obligations under international humanitarian and human rights law, as well as their own commitments, in particular under the Jeddah Declaration. As a member of the Security Council, we have asked the Secretary-General to provide us with recommendations on the protection of civilians in Sudan. It is now up to all members of the Council to follow up on these recommendations and ensure their rapid implementation, all the more so as we also hear the voices here in the General Assembly demanding that the Council assume its responsibility. Switzerland will continue to actively engage with all Council members in support of a new draft resolution to take forward the recommendations proposed by the Secretary-General. It is urgent for the Council to send a strong and unified signal to the parties involved. The protection of civilians is not an option, but an obligation. Thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative of Switzerland. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Italy.

Mr. President, Italy aligns itself with the statement delivered by the representative of the European Union and would like to add some further remarks in its national capacity. Together with the vast majority of Member States, Italy deeply regrets the use of the veto on the recent humanitarian resolution on Sudan. It's very unfortunate that a single Member State decided to prevent the Security Council from addressing the worst displacement crisis in the world. While condemning the atrocities committed by the Rapid Support Forces, the resolution recognized the need for both parties to the conflict to cease hostilities and to engage in dialogue in good faith, with the aim of urgently agreeing on a national ceasefire. The resolution was also tabled in response to the recommendations issued by the Secretary-General on the protection of civilians and, if adopted, would have allowed the Security Council to propose concrete measures to facilitate the implementation of the Jeddah Declaration commitments agreed upon by the parties. These very important determinations of the Security Council were blocked on a purely political basis, while minimizing the entity of the humanitarian crisis. This is entirely unjustified, firstly because the text of the resolution, in its very opening, referred to the Council's strong commitment to the sovereignty, unity, independence, and territorial integrity of Sudan. Secondly, because the principle of sovereignty cannot be used at will to shield the parties in Sudan from their responsibilities to prevent civilians, to protect civilians. What makes this argument even more implausible is that the veto was cast by a member state that shows complete disregard of the sovereignty and territorial integrity of its own neighbor. And thirdly, because the ongoing humanitarian crisis in Sudan has reached tragic proportions and needs to be urgently addressed now. Moreover, the international community would have welcomed a strong message of support from the Security Council to the international and regional organizations and member states that are engaged in mediation initiatives and political dialogue. In this regard, I would like to reiterate Italy's appreciation for the diplomatic efforts of the personal envoy of the Secretary-General on Sudan, Ramamra, also in view of the next round of proximity talks. Mr. President, the use of the veto itself is highly divisive, even more so if it applies to a Security Council tool that is meant to strengthen the protection of civilians. We will not tire of reiterating our strong opposition to the veto. The veto power contradicts the principle of sovereignty and equality of states, which is central to the UN Charter. Let me state once again that the principle of sovereignty and equality among Member States needs to be at the basis of any future reform of the UN Security Council, if we truly aim to reinforce multilateralism and increase the transparency and accountability of the UN architecture. I thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative of Italy. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Nigeria.

Mr. President, let me from the onset thank you for convening this important meeting on the use of the veto. In the face of escalating violence and conflicts, in addition to the deteriorating situation in Sudan and Middle East, consensus has proved elusive with the veto-casting permanent members, thereby impeding effective action to address the deteriorating security challenges in the world. Mr. President, the incessant use of the veto in the face of mounting security challenges has been debated severally in the Assembly and at different fora. However, there has been no action to limit its use. Just last week alone, two vetoes were cast on the cessation of hostilities in Sudan and on ceasefire in Gaza. In Sudan and in Gaza, the increase in displaced persons and shortage of humanitarian supplies due to impeded access, have greatly hampered intervention and negatively impacted on the civilian population and exacerbated the humanitarian catastrophe in the region. We therefore call for a comprehensive ceasefire, an immediate de-escalation of hostilities in the Middle East and Sudan to ease the sufferings of the people of Sudan and Middle East. We deeply regret the use of the veto and call for the Security Council to stop politicizing the situation, but seek to fulfill its mandate to protect the vulnerable civilians. Mr. President, the Security Council must continue to be a voice of reason and moderation, and must never fail to work within the framework of the UN Charter to engender international peace and security, human progress, and justice, and sustainable development. We must provide new and utilize existing solutions to address the many conflicts in the world. In view of the foregoing and the Security Council's increasing deadlock in recent years, even in meetings that seek to address or prevent mass atrocities, my delegation wishes to express its full support for the abolition of the veto. Our stance stems from the fact that the world has become more polarized while the Security Council continues to grapple with the twin problem of nationalism and politicization, thereby making it ineffective and incapable of carrying out its mandate, namely the maintenance of international peace and security. The United Nations was created against the backdrop of the collapse of international order and experiences of wars, hunger, and human suffering. It is therefore sad to note that 80 years after its establishment, the world is still experiencing a war situation. It is therefore contingent upon every member state, including those with the veto, to abide by and defend a rule-based multilateral system anchored on the principles and objectives of the United Nations Charter, as there are no substitutes to a multilateral approach to addressing global issues, including the current situation unfolding before us. We therefore call for a transformed and transparent multilateral system devoid of selectivity and double standard. We must be predisposed to steps that enhance the Organization's importance by working assiduously to accomplish meaningful reform of the system, including addressing the misuse of the veto. Nigeria remains fully committed to a comprehensive reform of the system to cohere with the principles, objectives, and ideals of the UN Charter. for a fairer world based on universalism, equity, and regional balance. The reformed United Nations Security Council should ensure sovereign equality of all member states, adherence to the principles of democratization, inclusiveness, restore confidence, enhance the legitimacy of states, adherence to the principles of democratization and inclusiveness, restore confidence, enhance the legitimacy of the work of the Security Council, and contribute to peace and security. In conclusion, Mr. President, we wish to reiterate our call for a full, comprehensive ceasefire and quick de-escalation of hostilities in Gaza and Sudan. The world must take concerted actions towards the achievement of a lasting solution based on international principles enshrined in the Charter and relevant resolutions. We call for the implementation of all endorsed UN Security Council resolutions and decisions, and call on all States to abide by the rules in order to engender the promotion, respect, protection of human rights, international law, and international humanitarian law. I thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative of Nigeria. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Slovenia.

Mr. President, thank you for convening this debate on the basis of resolution 76/262. Mr. President, while we see today's discussion in this Assembly as much needed, we regret that it arises from a veto cast in the Security Council on an issue that concerns us all: the protection of the most vulnerable, the civilians, enduring unimaginable suffering for more than 18 months of violence in the Sudan. The humanitarian toll of this man-made crisis cannot be overstated. The conflict has unleashed devastating realities for civilians, creating a crisis of almost incomprehensible dimensions. Violations of international humanitarian and human rights law are rampant. Persistent indiscriminate targeting of civilians, including attacks on IDP camps, leading to mass displacement, unprecedented levels of acute food and water insecurity, leading to the risk of starvation for millions of civilians and outbreaks of infectious diseases, including cholera; grave violations against children; and shocking levels of sexual and gender-based violence, including conflict-related sexual violence. We fear that the full scale of these atrocities remains hidden, keeping much of the crisis in the shadows. Ensuring accountability is imperative to break this cycle of violence. We strongly support the ICC Prosecutor's investigation into alleged genocide, war crimes, and crimes against humanity in Darfur, with particular attention to sexual and gender-based violence. This man-made crisis cannot persist. Slovenia has been steadfast in calling for an immediate ceasefire and protection of civilians in Sudan. We firmly believe it is a responsibility of the Security Council to respond to the plight of the people of Sudan by adopting measures to strengthen their protection. We therefore deeply regret that despite the shared understanding of 14 of its members, the Security Council was unable to act on this due to the use of veto by one member state. Mr. President, cessation of hostilities is a priority, and today we renew our call to the warring parties to silence their guns and uphold their commitments to protect civilians. including those outlined in the Jeddah Declaration. We call on the warring parties to fully adhere to their obligations under international humanitarian and human rights law. Diplomatic efforts must intensify, humanitarian assistance must expand, and international resolve must strengthen. The responsibility to act lies with us all. Safe, rapid, unimpeded, and sustained access to humanitarian aid is essential. Access to food, water, health care, and medical supplies must not only be ensured, but sustained and expanded. In this regard, Slovenia welcomes the extension of the opening of the Adra crossing and reiterates its call for all border crossings into Sudan to remain open and fully operational, so that lifesaving aid can reach those in urgent need, as championed by the World Food Program last week. Finally, Mr. President, we reaffirm our support for the Secretary General's personal envoy, Mr. El Amamra, in his efforts to resolve the crisis. Slovenia will continue to advocate for the Sudanese people and for peace, security, and justice throughout the country. I thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative of Slovenia. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of France.

President, I would like to make four points. Firstly, France denounces Russia's use of its veto on the draft resolution on the protection of civilians in Sudan on 18 November. This veto came at a time when the situation is worsening. The humanitarian crisis in Sudan is reaching colossal proportions. Tens of thousands of civilians have died, more than 3 million people have fled to neighboring countries, and 11.4 million people have been displaced within their own country. 80% of hospitals are not working, and famine has set in in North Darfur. Fighting is very intense. leading to fear of an aggravation of the humanitarian situation in the months to come unless there is an agreement between parties. The Secretary-General’s report, published on 18 October, confirms how urgent the situation is and it has formulated recommendations. The draft resolution sought to implement these recommendations and support efforts to strengthen the protection of civilians. Russia opposed this without valid reason. Secondly, this draft resolution was discussed in detail, bringing together all members of the Council and the Sudanese mission. Sierra Leone and the UK did a considerable amount of work to find some common ground between members of the Council. The result is clear: 14 members supported the text, whereas Russia alone decided to veto it. France participated in these negotiations and can attest that all points of view were taken into account, including from Russia. The text was supported by the African members of the Council and co-sponsored by Sierra Leone. This veto prevented progress on the implementation of a compliance mechanism on the commitments contained in the Jeddah Declaration. The draft resolution called for a national ceasefire in Sudan, as well as the implementation of local ceasefires or indeed humanitarian pauses. It should have contributed to facilitating all humanitarian assistance into Sudan. Russia clearly thought otherwise. President, I would like to conclude by underscoring that we cannot resign ourselves to inaction. France organized an international conference on 15 April to provide assistance to Sudan and neighboring countries affected by the crisis, particularly Chad. More than 2 billion euros have been mobilized. to help people, the population, and respond to the humanitarian appeal of the United Nations. Since then, 91% of the humanitarian commitments have been paid. France will continue its efforts at the Security Council and also on the humanitarian front to come to the assistance of the Sudanese people. We call once again on the warring parties to reach a ceasefire and engage in an inclusive political process, one that involves all civil society, with a view to ensuring a political solution to the conflict. Thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative of France. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of El Salvador.

Thank you very much, Mr. President. El Salvador welcomes the convening of this plenary debate. It is a clear reflection of Member States' commitment to the implementation of resolution 76/262, which bolsters interaction and complementarity between this General Assembly and the Security Council. Mr. President, while this mechanism allows the Assembly to act as a forum to guarantee effective multilateral action, El Salvador deeply regrets that we are meeting yet again in a context in which the Council has been paralyzed due to the use of the veto. This not only hampers a unified response, but it creates uncertainty in our global efforts to address the most urgent crises, such as the one we are discussing today. Mr. President, The humanitarian catastrophe in Sudan is devastating. For more than 18 months, the Sudanese people have been bearing relentless violence, systematic violations of human rights, an acute food crisis, and the mass displacement of millions of people have created a situation with devastating consequences for the country. Reports documenting deliberate attacks against civilian goods and infrastructure, including hospitals, schools, places of worship, are alarming. El Salvador stands in solidarity with all victims of this conflict, and we firmly condemn violations, rapes, abuse, and atrocities that have been committed. We also firmly condemn any attack against humanitarian personnel who are risking their lives to provide life-saving assistance to those most affected by this conflict. We must guarantee safe, rapid, and unfettered access for humanitarian aid throughout the Sudanese territory, making it possible for food, water, medical attention, and essential services to reach those most in need. We call on all parties strictly to comply with their obligations under international law, including IHL. and international human rights law. We are also deeply concerned about the disproportionate impact of this conflict on girls and women. They are facing alarming levels of sexual violence in these conflicts. We urge all parties to guarantee their protection and their access to services and justice, particularly for survivors. Mr. President, the seriousness of the crisis in Sudan calls for a decisive and unified response from the Security Council. Pursuant to UN Charter Article 24, we urge the Council to comply with its mandate effectively and to adopt immediate measures to halt hostilities, to protect the civilians, and to promote a negotiated solution to the conflict. El Salvador believes that the international community cannot turn a blind eye to the suffering of the Sudanese people. The search for a peaceful solution requires a comprehensive approach, which includes the protection of human rights, safe access for humanitarian assistance, and a bolstering of efforts to guarantee a lasting ceasefire. At the same time, we reiterate the importance of avoiding a spillover of this conflict, which would lead to destabilization in the region. Inaction at this critical juncture will only worsen the crisis, and it will undermine the credibility of our multilateral institutions, and therefore, the Council must act urgently. to shoulder its responsibilities. The Sudanese people deserve the right to live in peace, in safety and dignity. It is our collective responsibility to act urgently and with determination. Thank you, President.

I thank the distinguished representative of El Salvador. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Mexico.

Mr. President, dear colleagues, since mid-2023, with the stalemate in this phase of the armed conflict in Sudan, We have borne witness to an alarming escalation of violence, of mass displacement, and a deteriorating humanitarian situation in this country. The clashes between the SAF and the RSF have plummeted this country into an unprecedented state of chaos. There is an urgent need for a national ceasefire, for strict respect for international humanitarian law, and a peaceful solution must be promoted. There is also a pressing need to set up protection mechanisms for all civilians who are trapped in areas of conflict and who are facing constant shelling and who have no access to safe sites, to drinking water or food, and who are dealing with a collapsed health care system. It is disturbing that the veto has been used in the Security Council on two occasions within the same week on draft resolutions which are calling for a ceasefire and the urgent delivery of humanitarian aid in Sudan and in the Gaza Strip, respectively. The draft resolution, which was vetoed on the 18th of November, broke unity within this body, the unity needed to establish a compliance mechanism under the Jeddah Declaration. Information from senior UN officials on the somber humanitarian situation in Sudan make it clear that there is an urgent need to have a mechanism to protect the civilian population, as well as to support the mediation efforts of the Secretary General's personal envoy to ensure a cease-fire. I would like to underscore the fact that the use of the veto, when it does not go hand in hand with an alternative to resolving conflicts, does nothing more than create a leadership vacuum at a crucial juncture when the world is expecting a clear response from this organization. Paralysis in the Security Council in the face of humanitarian crises not only endangers the credibility of this body and of the United Nations as a whole, but it also jeopardizes the lives of thousands of innocent people who are depending on our action. In Action 41 of the Pact for the Future, there is a very clear statement namely that the Security Council, in exercising its primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security, must adopt measures which are credible, timely, and robust to prevent or halt the commission of genocide, of crimes against humanity, or war crimes. Regrettably, The situation in Sudan is replete with incidents which clearly constitute mass atrocities. Given the paralysis in the Security Council, the exacerbation of conflicts, and the lack of readiness to come to agreements within the Security Council, Mexico reiterates the need for the General Assembly to play a more proactive role with regard to its own duty to maintain international peace and security. Beyond our collective commitment to the Pact for the Future, I would call once again for all countries which have not yet done so to endorse the French-Mexican initiative to restrict the use of the veto in cases of mass atrocities. That initiative currently has the support of 106 signatory states. We will not simply stand by with our arms crossed. We will speak out for those who are defenseless. I would urge member states to use to continue to call for accountability as a result of the use of the veto. We also need to come up with viable alternatives. Those alternatives can be carved out at the regional and subregional level. We strongly call on all Sudanese actors to halt the violence and to focus on negotiated solutions. International peace and security are not a privilege of a few, but rather a right for all peoples. We trust that the voices heard in this room will resonate with members of the Security Council. and that they will resume negotiations to agree on actions and restore the relevance and the effectiveness of the United Nations as a guarantor for global stability. Thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative of Mexico. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of the United Arab Emirates.

Mr. President, 18 months of ongoing suffering in Sudan. Eighteen months have passed and the Sudanese continue to face the worst humanitarian circumstances. More than 25 million people now live in the ongoing hellish war, and they face the risk of famine. More than 11 million people were displaced, whether internally or outside the country. They were displaced, and they left behind everything. Today, And as violence mounts, appallingly, we meet again in this hall to discuss the abuse of the veto. Despite the broad support for the draft resolution tabled by the UK and Sierra Leone at the Security Council on the protection of civilians in Sudan, Despite also the broad support from the countries of the region and the Sudan, the veto was used, and as a result, the Council failed to shoulder its responsibility of protecting civilians. This represents a dangerous setback for the credibility of the Security Council. This has let down the millions of Sudanese civilians who aspire for immediate protection. Mr. President, as part of our discussions today, I would like to shed light on the following points. Firstly, As the General Assembly holds meetings on the use of veto, and as repeated calls mount for the restriction of the use of the veto, the member states, mainly the member states of the Security Council, should take practical measures in order to improve the working methods. Last week, During the meeting on the use of the veto, we put forward a series of proposals to restrict the use of the veto in cases of mass atrocities. We call on the Security Council to strengthen the concept of self-restraint when using this veto as part of its working methods. Secondly, The only means to end this humanitarian crisis is through an immediate and lasting ceasefire, and through the revival of negotiations, and also through a national agreement on the formation of a government with the participation of civilians. But this will also meet the aspirations of the Sudanese for development and prosperity. In light of the intransigence of the warring parties that continue to prolong the war, the international community must not tolerate those parties that refuse to return to the negotiating table. The international community must take a decisive action. For our part, my country will continue to support the efforts of regional leaders and the special envoy of the Secretary General. We will continue to support all initiatives that aim to end this crisis. Thirdly, compliance with international law is not an option. It is an obligation that is applicable for all without exception. In this context, we call on the warring parties to respect the Jeddah Declaration and to implement it voluntarily, including the protection of civilians and civilian infrastructure and the protection of humanitarian workers. Condemnation is no longer enough to address the horrific violations. including sexual violence against women and girls, as well as the maiming of children and their recruitment, as well as the indiscriminate attacks against civilian infrastructure and vital infrastructure. There must be accountability for these violations. The delivery of humanitarian assistance must be a top priority. The humanitarian situation cannot be used as a bargaining chip. We must welcome all positive measures, including the opening of Adra crossing and the delivery of humanitarian assistance to Zamzam camp. But at the same time, this situation requires lasting and comprehensive solutions. This includes a continuous opening of humanitarian corridor and the delivery of humanitarian assistance to all those in need across the conflict lines and across the borders. In addition, humanitarian truces, pauses, and agreements must be reached, and local ceasefire agreements must be reached as well. The Security Council must stand ready to employ all tools available to it to ensure the delivery of humanitarian assistance unhindered. Mr. President, in truth, it's unfortunate that that representatives in poor Sudan who claim to represent the Sudanese people, it's unfortunate that they have welcomed the use of the veto against a humanitarian resolution that aimed to ensure the protection of civilians. This contradicts their claims that they are keen to protect civilians. This shows once again that their priority is to achieve military victories. at the expense of the innocent civilians. Every time we meet in order to achieve peace for the Sudanese people and to end their plight, the Sudanese representative takes advantage of the meeting in order to trade blame and to blame others and to deflect attention away from the grave violations against civilians in Sudan. In conclusion, Mr. President, There is a truth that we must all keep in mind. The truth is that a warring party The truth is that none of the warring parties represent the aspirations of the people of the Sudan, and none of them represents the will of the Sudanese people. In this context, we reiterate that there is no military solution to this conflict. The only means to move forward is through dialogue and national consensus. For our part, the United Arab Emirates, in cooperation with its regional and international national parties and partners will continue to support the Sudanese people to overcome this critical crisis and to build a more prosperous and sustainable future. Thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative of the United Arab Emirates. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Timor-Leste.

Thank you, Mr. President, for giving me the floor and for convening this important debate. On November 18, during the meeting of the Security Council, a veto was exercised on a resolution to address protection of civilians in Sudan. Timor-Leste finds it pivotal to also present its views on the implication of this action on international diplomacy, peacekeeping efforts and the overall stability of the affected regions. Mr. President, Timor-Leste strongly advocates for the principles of collective security and multilateral cooperation as foundational elements in addressing global challenges. The use of the veto power, while a part of the Security Council structure, must not become a tool that undermines the urgent need for cooperation in humanitarian crises. The situations in Sudan and South Sudan demand a united response from the international community, given the complexities of conflict, governance, and human rights violations in these nations. The reports presented by the Secretary-General highlighted critical issues, escalating violence, humanitarian crises, and the urgent need for coordinated international effort to provide assistance. In this context, the decision to veto the resolution aimed at expanding support for these nations serves only to isolate the regions further and delays necessary action to alleviate the suffering of their populations. Timor-Leste understands that the veto is a mechanism intended to ensure that all Member States have a voice in actions taken by the Security Council. However, it is essential to recognize that excessive use of this power can paralyze the Council's ability to respond effectively to crisis. Each veto issued not only hampers operational capabilities, but also sends a message of discord to those in need of support and the broader international community striving for peace and stability. In light of our history and as one of the member states of the group of conflict-affected countries, the G7+, Timor-Leste empathizes deeply with the struggles faced by its citizens in these conflict-affected areas and the overarching need for an inclusive dialogue geared towards sustainable solutions. Our nations emerged from violence and conflict. We firmly believe that peacebuilding is achievable through collaborative efforts. that respect diverse perspectives and prioritize human rights. We urge the P5 and all members of the Security Council to reconsider the implications of their decisions on those who are most vulnerable. It is crucial for the Security Council to uphold its mandate to preserve international peace and security, particularly when the lives of millions hang in the balance. Stimulistic calls for a commitment to dialogue, understanding, and comprehension over division and conflict. Mr. President, reform of the Security Council is overdue. The existing structure in which five permanent members hold veto power is outdated and undemocratic. It is inappropriate for a single country to obstruct a resolution designed to save lives solely based on national interest. Reforms include expanding Security Council membership, limiting the use of veto power, and enhancing accountability among permanent members are vital for ensuring a more representative, effective, and accountable Security Council. In conclusion, these actions taken by the Security Council should reflect the urgent need for humanitarian assistance in Sudan. Timor-Leste reaffirms its commitment to working towards consensus-building efforts that prioritize peace, stability, and the well-being of affected populations. We stand ready to collaborate with all Member States in pursuit of a more peaceful, prosperous world, where the principle of cooperation and humanity prevail over the politics of division. Thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative of Timor-Leste. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Kenya.

Mr. President, I thank you for convening this special session of the General Assembly. The veto stands today as the greatest embodiment and symbol of undemocratic conduct in the world. Its expression of unbridled power, its frequent assertion of impunity in the face of international law and international humanitarian law, and its deployment to undermine rather than promote international peace and security speaks of an unfair, insensitive, unresponsive, and unaccountable multilateral security system. Member States entrusted the Security Council with the mandate of maintaining international peace and security on their behalf. This responsibility includes the expectation that that permanent members will use the veto responsibly, in line with the principles of the UN Charter. But the reality is starkly different. The wielders of the veto have weaponized it to advance their own interests, often at the expense of the core mandate for which the Security Council was established and in contravention of the objectives in furtherance of which the veto ought to be exercised. Mr. President, this debate follows the second latest negative vote by a permanent member of the Security Council. On November 18th, one single negative vote by a permanent member quashed a unified decision of 14 members to adopt what would have been a consequential resolution responding to a raging conflict that has resulted in serious humanitarian situation in the Sudan. Indeed, it is inconceivable that a veto would be applied on a resolution that calls on the parties to a devastating civil war to immediately cease hostilities and engage in good faith in dialogue towards de-escalating and agreeing on a ceasefire. A resolution that demands full implementation of commitments to protect civilians and comply with international law, including international humanitarian law. A resolution that calls on parties to a conflict to allow and facilitate the full, rapid, safe, unhindered, and sustained humanitarian access to enable assistance to reach those most in need. and one that encourages the international community to urgently provide the necessary support for the scaling up of humanitarian assistance needed to prevent further suffering. What purpose, then, one may ask, does the veto exist to serve, if not to stop the suffering and devastation that is caused by the scourge of war? We commend the penholders for initiating the draft resolution and the rest of the Council members for demonstrating their solidarity with the peace-loving people of the Sudan through their affirmative vote. My delegation urges continued consideration of this matter by the Council with a view to urgently reach a consensual outcome, as demanded by the situation on the ground. As a regional country, Kenya is unwavering in its commitment to support our Sudanese brothers and sisters through bilateral, regional, and multilateral approaches to find a pathway to reconciliation, peace, stability, and socioeconomic progress. We continue to encourage the parties and relevant stakeholders to engage in dialogue in good faith and agree to a humanitarian ceasefire. They should then leverage the humanitarian ceasefire to dialogue on the modalities for a comprehensive, Sudanese-led and Sudanese-owned political processes aimed at achieving a sustainable political solution to the crisis. Mr. President, Kenya acknowledges all mediation efforts towards this end, including by the Secretary-General’s personal envoy for the Sudan, His Excellency Ramtane Lamamra, and we encourage continued coordination with countries of the region, the Intergovernmental Authority on Development, IGAD, the African Union, and other key stakeholders to ensure complementarity of efforts. I reiterate in conclusion, Mr. President, Kenya's solidarity with our Sudanese brothers and sisters. and assure them that Kenya will walk hand in hand with them in their quest for lasting peace. After all, the destinies of our two countries are intertwined and mutually dependent. Peace and prosperity for the people of Sudan is peace and prosperity for the people of Africa, and indeed, peace and prosperity of all people everywhere. I reaffirm our respect for the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Sudan. I thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative of Kenya. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Brazil.

Mr. President, the issues we discuss here today reflect both the limitations of our current institutional framework and the urgency of action by the Security Council. The repeated casting of vetoes, twice in the past week alone, has become a serious systemic failure by the Council to meet its responsibilities under the Charter. It leads to an unacceptable paralysis in the face of egregious and rampant violation of international law, including international humanitarian law. The human cost is often tremendous. In Sudan, the consequences of such failure are very real and frankly outrageous. The numbers speak for themselves. More than 11 million people displaced, approximately 25 million facing acute food insecurity and verified famine conditions in multiple regions. The health care system has collapsed. Disease outbreaks multiply. The regional implications are grave. The massive displacement of people into neighboring countries threatens regional stability. Despite the gravity of the situation, the Security Council hears briefings, holds consultations, negotiates draft resolutions. But as in other situations, it is unable to find the consensus needed to take any effective measure, thanks to the veto. In the case of Sudan, inaction means in practice contributing to make it a forgotten conflict. It means not leading the international community out of its slumber in the face of tragedy. We call for intensified diplomatic efforts to implement the Jeddah commitments. We also call for further support for regional initiatives, particularly the work of the African Union High-Level Panel on Sudan and the Personal Envoy of the Secretary-General, Ambassador Hamtani Lamamra. Above all, we call on the Security Council to overcome internal disputes and act now, in this case and others where inaction is killing thousands. The veto power was intended to help maintain international peace and security, and not to threaten it. Thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative of Brazil. We have heard the last speaker in this debate. The General Assembly has thus concluded this stage of its consideration of agenda item 63. Before concluding the meeting, I would like to extend my gratitude to our interpreters for allowing us to hear all speakers in this debate. The meeting is adjourned.