First Committee, 17th plenary meeting - General Assembly, 81st session

Good morning, Excellencies, distinguished delegates. The 17th meeting of the Disarmament and International Security Committee of the 81st session of the General Assembly is called to order. The Committee will now continue its thematic discussions under the cluster on conventional weapons. Before I open the floor, I would like to inform delegations that 86 speakers remain on the list of speakers. The committee will meet all day today, and statements in the exercise of the right of reply shall be heard at the end of the day. Once the committee completes considerations of the cluster and the conventional weapons As envisaged in the programme of work, we will immediately begin considerations of the cluster on other disarmament measures and international security. The first speaker on the list of speakers this morning is the Distinguished Permanent Representative of Burkina Faso.

Mr. President, ladies and gentlemen.

Mr. Chairman, small arms and light weapons continue to fuel conflicts, transnational organized crime, and terrorism. So any international action that is effective needs to tackle the root of this ill, namely supply chains, trafficking networks, the diversion of national stockpiles, and the financing of armed groups. The Sahel is on the front line here. Terrorists are exploiting porous borders and vast uninhabited areas in order to receive deliveries of arms, ammunition, and explosive components, including deliveries from States. Tackling trafficking in arms is part of fighting terrorism. resources are needed in order to ensure sovereignty and protect citizens on the part of states. Burkina Faso think it's necessary to attach priority attention to the needs of states in terms of border controls and securing ammunition stockpiles and building the capacity to ensure tracing as well. Mr. Chairman, major innovations have been made in terms of manufacturing of weapons. That is particularly true for polymer and 3D printed weapons and modular weapons. If we don't address this, this could lead to another, this could be another vector for proliferation. Hence the need to permanently adapt the control mechanisms to ensure that technological progress does not become a tool for criminals. We also need to spotlight in particular the throwing, the growing risk of improvised explosive devices. We encourage the strengthening of cooperation in terms of prevention, detection, and neutralizing of these IEDs, and we want to see better management of explosive remnants of war in the context of the CCW and its Protocol V. Chair, all the programs based on work on the ground aiming at better border controls. All of this requires more support by the international community. We support the Silence the Guns initiative in Africa. Other weapons Ammunition and other conventional weapons are fuel for terrorism and for enforced displacement. Our answer needs to be grounded in the three inextricably linked pillars, prevention to prevent diversion of weapons, cooperation on tracing, and exchanging of intelligence and information by states that are most exposed to this issue. Thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative of Burkina Faso. Now I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Belgium.

Thank you, Chair. Belgium aligns itself with the statement delivered by the EU and wishes to make the following remarks in its national capacity. Sometimes states lose a war because they are only prepared to fight the previous kind of conflict. Arms control, too, risks losing relevance if it does not keep pace with new developments. Autonomous weapons systems are a case in point. They are becoming a reality as we speak, driven by technological advances being shaped on today's battlefields. There is now an urgent need to regulate their development, deployment, and use. Over a decade of discussions in the GGE has produced a broad understanding of the issue. Now is the time to take the next step. Following the successful completion of the GGE mandate, we need to adopt a substantive negotiating mandate for a legally binding instrument on laws at the upcoming CCW RevCon. Failure to do so would undermine the progress already made and significantly weaken stakeholders' confidence in the capacity of the CCW to address contemporary threats. Chair, small arms and light weapons remain the source of much of the violence in the world today. Combating their diversion and illicit trafficking is more pressing than ever. Here too, we need to keep pace with evolving technologies, such as new designs, new production materials and additive manufacturing. The convening of the OETG during the latest BMS on the Programme of Action paves the way for important technical discussions aimed at ensuring the traceability of these weapons. Current trends in rearmament do not lessen the need for arms control, quite the contrary. The responsible transfer of arms and dual-use goods becomes even more important in this context. Twelve years ago, the Arms Trade Treaty established global standards. We call on all states that have not yet done so to join the treaty. Export controls are valuable tools for curbing the proliferation of destabilizing weapons and preventing violation of human rights and international humanitarian law. These control regimes help ensure that scientific collaboration, as well as transfers of arms and technology, can take place under predictable and secure conditions. The argument that they constitute obstacles is not supported by empirical evidence. In reality, we need more and not less export control. Chair, arms control should not be an end in itself, but a means to an end. What better example is there than treaties that prohibit indiscriminate weapon, whose humanitarian cost outweighs their military value? The Ottawa and Oslo conventions have saved countless lives and prevented immeasurable suffering. They remain fully relevant in today's world of heightened insecurity and relentless warfare. I thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative of Belgium. Now I give the floor to the distinguished permanent representative of Italy to the Conference on Disarmament.

Thank you, Chair.

While aligning to the statement delivered by the EU, I want to add the following in my national capacity. Italy firmly believes that international humanitarian law must remain a cornerstone of our collective efforts to regulate conventional weapons. The simple principle that even wars have rules remains as relevant today as when the Geneva Conventions were conceived. Italy condemns the indiscriminate use of cluster munitions by any actor. More than 1,000 innocent victims last year. and welcomes the Vientiane Capital Action Plan. The Anti-Personnel Mine Ban Convention is also facing unprecedented challenges. And the continued use of anti-personnel mines together with recent developments within the conventions represent serious setbacks. And Italy remains convinced that the humanitarian rationale underpinning the convention is as compelling as ever. These weapons continue to kill and injure civilians long after conflicts have ended. Chair, agreement on a set of elements in the area of laws represents an important milestone. We look forward to the seventh review conference in November to build on this achievement. The ATT also remains an indispensable component of the international architecture governing conventional arms transfers. In Italy, member of the ATT group of friends remains strongly committed to the effective implementation and universalization of the treaty. Italy also remains firmly committed to addressing the illicit trade in small arms and light weapons and their ammunition. And finally, reiterates its strong support for the political declaration on explosive weapons in populated areas and encourages other states to endorse it. Chair, Italy will continue to work with all partners to uphold international humanitarian law, protect civilians, and ensure the multilateral remains capable of delivering concrete results in this field. Thank you, Chair. The entirety of this statement will be uploaded in due course.

I thank the distinguished Permanent Representative of Italy to the Conference on Disarmament. Now I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Republic of Korea.

Chair, the Republic of Korea reaffirms its strong commitment to multilateral disarmament and arms control efforts on conventional weapons in support of international peace and security. In regards to LOS GGE, the Republic of Korea welcomes the adoption of the final report of the group. Its consensus report marks a remarkable milestone demonstrating that the disarmament community can deliver meaningful progress despite geopolitical tensions. As we turn to the group's future work, my delegation reiterates its principled position that the GGE remains the most appropriate forum for addressing both the normative and operational aspects of laws. We believe that future discussion on laws should continue within the CCW framework. fragmentation of international efforts to develop norms and laws would risk undermining the coherence and effectiveness of our collective efforts. Regarding the ATT, the Republic of Korea is of the view that ensuring a responsible arms trade and curbing the illicit flow of conventional weapons constitute key pillars of global peace and security. We will continue to actively contribute to our collective efforts to strengthen the treaty, including the adoption of five-year strategy next year. Chair, the Republic of Korea fully shares the humanitarian objectives of anti-personnel mine ban convention and remains concerned about the humanitarian consequences of the indiscriminate use of anti-personnel mines. In this regard, Korea has steadily supported anti-personnel mine clearance operations. We have also continued to take precautionary measures to protect civilians and have maintained an indefinite moratorium on the export of anti-personnel mines since 1997. Moreover, Korea has not laid any new landmines in recent years. In this context, the Republic of Korea wishes to recall its statement during the general debate on October 8th regarding the landmine explosion in the demilitarized zone on September 21. We do not intend to repeat that statement, but we reaffirm our call on the DPRK to fully respect the Korean Armistice Agreement and engage in dialogue to prevent further escalation of tensions and restore trust on the Korean Peninsula. Finally, regarding small arms and light weapons, we welcome the successful conclusion of the ninth biennial meeting of states and the adoption of its outcome document. We also welcome the first meeting of the Open-ended Technical Expert Group. We believe its work will help ensure that the Programme of Action and the International Tracing Instrument remain effective and responsive to developments in the manufacture, technology and design of small arms and light weapons. I thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative of Republic of Korea. Now I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Egypt.

Thanks, Chairperson.

Egypt attaches special importance to the discussions in this cluster within our first committee proceedings due to two factors.

First stems from the fact that the menace of the expansion of illicit flow of small arms and light weapons has become over the past years.

Of a multi-faceted nature in the Middle East region and Africa, due to the involvement.

Of states from outside the region in arming terrorists and militias as a tool for imposing their foreign agendas.

Second, relates to the recent developments in the production and use of conventional weapons.

Where factors as human control, accountability, and applicability of international law are being subject to waves and efforts of undermining. In this regard.

Allow me to highlight the following three points that reflect Egypt's position.

First, there is a need to preserve the sovereign right of states to acquire, manufacture, and export conventional arms and ammunition for their self-defense and security needs, in line with the UN Charter, and as well to ensure that supply of arms and light weapons is limited only to governments or to entities duly authorized by them.

Second.

The centrality of the United Nations Programme of Action on Small.

Arms and Light Weapons and the international tracing instrument, and the added value of the Global Framework for Thru-Life Conventional Ammunition Management as a voluntary instrument for strengthening and promoting existing initiatives. We once again underline the necessity of preserving the separate and distinct nature of the POA from other related instruments, including the Global Framework. Third and last, there is a need to start, and without delay, negotiations on a legally binding instrument to cover the production and use of lethal autonomous weapons systems, building upon the elements concluded within the GGE on laws under CCW. Egypt is of the view that these negotiations should be concluded within a fixed, determined timeframe to be agreed upon among all parties. Thank you, Chair.

I thank the distinguished representative of Egypt. Now I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Costa Rica.

Thank you, Chairman. Costa Rica would like to make the following observations. Costa Rica welcomes the results of the ninth biennial meeting of states on small arms and light weapons. The Challenges associated with illicit manufacturing via 3D printing as well as modular and polymer-based weapons necessitate strengthening the implementation of the international tracing instrument and bolstering our capacities for marking, tracing, and international cooperation to prevent the illicit trafficking and diversion of arms. Second, Costa Rica underscores the importance of the global framework for through-life conventional ammunition management. The diversion of ammunition and unplanned explosions at storage sites continue to pose a threat to human security and the stability of states. The effective implementation of the global framework offers an opportunity to address these challenges in a comprehensive manner. Looking ahead to the upcoming intergovernmental follow-up process for the global framework, we call upon states to move from political commitments to effective implementation. Third, we must strengthen the implementation and the universalization of the Arms Trade Treaty, as well as efforts to prevent diversion. At the same time, Costa Rica calls for redoubled efforts to reduce the humanitarian impact of armed conflicts on the civilian population, including the impact resulting from the use of explosive weapons in populated areas, in line with a relevant political declaration. In particular, Costa Rica expresses concern regarding the use of incendiary weapons and their effects on civilian populations and the environment, and calls for a discussion on their use and future regulation. Finally, we take note of the progress made in discussions on lethal autonomous weapons systems within the framework of the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons, and we encourage States to continue their efforts towards negotiating a legal instrument based on the elements developed by the Group of Government governmental experts. Mr. President, it is urgent to ensure that decisions regarding the use of force remain at all times under meaningful human control. Thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative of Costa Rica. Now I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Ireland, speaking on behalf of a group of states.

Thank you, Chair. I have the honor to deliver the following statement on behalf of 50 states: Algeria, Austria, Bangladesh, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Cameroon, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cyprus, Denmark, Djibouti, Egypt, Fiji, France, Germany, Greece, Guatemala, Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Malta, Mexico, Montenegro, New Zealand, Nairobi, Nigeria, North Macedonia, Norway, Pakistan, Palestine, Peru, Portugal, Samoa, San Marino, Senegal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, Thailand, Uruguay and my own country, Ireland. chaired the three-year mandate of the Group of Governmental Experts on Lethal Autonomous Weapons Systems under the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons, recently concluded in Geneva under the able stewardship of Ambassador Robert in den Bosch of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. The group successfully formulated and adopted by consensus a set of elements of an instrument without prejudging its nature and other possible measures to address emerging technologies in the area of lethal autonomous weapons systems. The text reflects significant areas of convergence achieved by delegations over the past three years, building on over a decade of deliberations within the Group of Governmental Experts. We particularly welcome the final report's confirmation of the human involvement needed for compliance with international law in armed conflict, as well as some concrete and operational measures in this regard. It also contains the first agreed working characterisation of lethal autonomous weapons systems, clarified through its accompanying Chair's Interpretive Declaration. These are important elements to build on. While we are disappointed that some crucial elements of the Chair's stronger earlier drafts were not ultimately retained in the final report, these issues can be addressed in next steps. In this regard, we consider that the final report successfully fulfilled the mandate of this group of governmental experts and that the set of elements serves as a solid and sufficient basis for the establishment of a GGE mandate to negotiate an instrument on lethal autonomous weapons systems within the CCW. Given the urgency of this issue, we call on all high contracting parties to the CCW to take that logical next step. As we now turn to the next phase of seeking progress in the area of lethal autonomous weapons systems at the forthcoming CCW review conference, we stand ready to engage constructively with other high contracting parties and with the president-designate of the review conference and chair-designate of its main committee II to agree on an ambitious negotiating mandate on lethal autonomous weapons systems this November. We reaffirm our readiness to work collaboratively to secure such an outcome.

Thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative of Ireland, speaking on behalf of a group of states. Now I give the floor to the distinguished Permanent Representative of Germany to the Conference on Disarmament.

Thank you very much, Mr. Chairman. Germany aligns with the statement of the European Union. Numerous military conflicts, and in particular Russia's unjustifiable and unprovoked illegal war of aggression against Ukraine, are further straining an already challenging security environment with devastating humanitarian consequences. By contrast, our humanitarian arms control instruments contribute to reducing human suffering and saving civilian lives every day. It is our common duty to uphold the norms established by the international humanitarian arms control architecture and strengthen their implementation. In particular, we need to continue to stress the importance of these instruments, strengthen support and adherence to these essential norms, and work towards further progress in their universalization. strengthen implementation of these instruments by providing necessary support for, for example, humanitarian mine action and fighting the illicit manufacturing and proliferation of small arms, light weapons and conventional ammunition. Distinguished delegates, building on the conviction that even in war there must be limits, the Ottawa Convention, the Convention on Cluster Munitions, the Arms Trade Treaty and the Programme of Action on Small Arms and Light Weapons, and the Global Framework on Ammunition are shared commitments to limit the suffering caused by armed conflict. In 2025 alone, Germany allocated nearly 50 million euros for risk education, victim assistance, clearance and explosive ordnance disposal. We congratulate Lao PDR on the success CCM review conference in September this year. Preventing the illicit trafficking, manufacturing and diversion of small arms, light weapons and conventional ammunition remains a key priority for Germany. Germany supports dedicated project work with a combined volume of 20 million euros per annum. We look forward to the first meeting of states on the global framework on ammunition next year and call on member states to actively participate and share national experiences. Colleagues, Germany welcomes the consensus on the substantive report of the Group of Governmental Experts of the CCW on lethal autonomous weapons systems, achieved under the able stewardship of Ambassador Robert In 't Veld of the Netherlands, as an important milestone for humanitarian arms control that underlines that the CCW can deliver. We stress the importance of ensuring a focused and successful CCW review conference in November and advocate for a new mandate for the GGE laws within the framework of the CCW. In our view, after agreeing on elements of an instrument, the next logical step should be a negotiating mandate to create an instrument based on the consented elements. Thank you very much.

I thank the distinguished Permanent Representative of Germany to the Conference on Disarmament. Now I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Armenia.

Mr. Chair, effective functioning of conventional arms control regime is essential for maintaining peace and security at international, regional, and subregional levels. The international security architecture continues to bear the detrimental impact of strategic instability, erosion of arms control mechanisms, constant increase of military expenditure worldwide, and weaponization of newly emerging domains. The responsible transfer of arms fuel conflict and worsen humanitarian crisis. Armenia advocates for the responsible transfer. Weapons must never be allowed to be used in ways that deliberately or indiscriminately harm civilian populations. By upholding rigorous international standards, states demonstrate their commitment to the highest ethical and legal practices, strengthening the credibility of the international system and reinforcing the principle that the protection of human life and dignity must guide security policy. Furthermore, preventing the diversion of weapons to non-state actors such as terrorists or criminal groups is not only a humanitarian necessity, but also a matter of national and global security. Each transfer decision must be taken by rigorous risk assessment so that arms do not fall into the hands of those whose intent is violation of international humanitarian law or international human rights law. It is in this spirit that Armenia continues to attach great importance to ensuring responsible transfer of lethal autonomous weapons systems. We continue to closely follow the developments within the CCW concerning lethal autonomous weapons systems and welcome the progress achieved through the work of the Group of Governmental Experts, especially in reaching consensus on substantive elements. Mr. Chair, Armenia will continue its constructive engagement with like-minded states to address the challenges associated with the transfer of lethal autonomous weapon systems in relevant international fora. We believe that only through inclusive dialogue, cooperation, and adherence to the principles of international law can the international community ensure that the development, acquisition, and transfer of such systems do not undermine international peace and security. Thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative of Armenia. Now I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Austria, speaking on behalf of a group of states.

Mr. Chair, I have the honor to deliver this statement on behalf of Australia, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Cambodia, Canada, Chile, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Germany, Georgia, Greece, Guatemala, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Jordan, Lebanon, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Malta, Mexico, Moldova, Monaco, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nigeria, Norway, Panama, Qatar, San Marino, Senegal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, State of Palestine, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Uruguay, and my own country, Austria. The full version of this statement will be uploaded online. Protecting civilians is a major challenge in contemporary armed conflicts. Armed conflicts are increasingly fought in towns, cities, and other populated areas, where civilians, civilian objects, and military objectives are often in close proximity. The use of explosive weapons in populated areas is one of the main drivers of suffering in these contexts. Beyond immediate death and injuries of civilians, damage to civilian infrastructure can disrupt interconnected essential services such as water and sanitation, electricity, healthcare and education, with consequences both during and long after hostilities have ended. Protecting essential services is therefore an integral part of protecting civilians. Mr. Chair, children are affected in distinct and often disproportionate ways. The 2026 UNSG report on children and armed conflict highlighted the severe impact of explosive weapons in populated areas on children. In 2025, almost 70% of child casualties verified by the UN were caused by explosive weapons. This is unacceptable and much more must be done to protect civilians, including children in armed conflict. IHL applies to all parties in every armed conflict and provides the fundamental legal framework for protecting civilians in these circumstances. Nevertheless, this is an issue that the UNGA First Committee should address as well, as the right to choose means and methods of warfare is not unlimited. Respect for IHL and accountability for violations are essential to preventing future civilian harm. A number of international initiatives provide practical frameworks to strengthen the protection of civilians in urban warfare. One of them is the Political Declaration on Explosive Weapons in Populated Areas. It provides an important framework for strengthening policies and practices aimed at preventing and mitigating civilian harm arising from the use of explosive weapons in populated areas. The ICRC Global Initiative on IHL focuses on preserving the law's protective purpose. In particular, its work streams on civilian infrastructure and hospitals point to practical measures to prevent harm and protect civilians and civilian objects, including in urban warfare. We look forward to the high-level conference in Jordan on 7th of December as an opportunity to advance discussions on practical measures to better protect civilians and essential civilian infrastructure in armed conflict. Mr. Chair, these initiatives reinforce one another alongside the Safe Schools Declaration, the Children and Armed Conflict and the Women, Peace and Security agendas, and the full implementation of the Mine Ban Convention, the CCM and the CCW. We call on UN member states to strengthen the protection of civilians in armed conflict, including by continuing to exchange experiences and good practices as outlined in the written version of this statement. I thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative of Austria speaking on behalf of a group of states. Now I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Norway.

Chair, across Ukraine, Gaza, Sudan, and other conflicts, civilians continue to bear the brunt of hostilities. Protecting civilians from the consequences of war remains a fundamental priority for Norway. We strongly condemn attacks that kill and injure humanitarian personnel. The increased use of drones heightens risks for civilians and humanitarian personnel. And in Ukraine, Russia's attacks pose growing risks to humanitarian actors. In June this year, an attack on a Norwegian People's Aid demining team in Kherson killed two employees and injured four others. Ensuring safe and sustained humanitarian access must remain a priority for all parties to armed conflict. Chair, explosive weapons in populated areas cause widespread civilian harm. Children bear a disproportionate burden. The political declaration on AWIPA provides a framework for action. Its commitments must be translated into military policies, doctrines, and operational practice. Protecting students, teachers, schools, and access to education must remain a priority. We encourage states to endorse and implement both the Safe School Declaration and the Aviva Declaration. Chair, Norway remains fully committed to the Anti-Personnel Mine Ban Convention and the Convention on Cluster Munitions. They have saved countless lives and strengthened civilian protection. We call on all states to join and fully implement them. We are deeply concerned by reports of alleged, confirmed, and increasing use of anti-personnel mines and cluster munitions. These indiscriminate weapons continue to cause unacceptable harm to civilians long after active hostilities end, affecting lives, livelihoods, and recovery. We are also deeply concerned by the humanitarian impact of incendiary weapons and encourage further multilateral attention to this issue. We call on the CCW review conference in November to establish a follow-up mechanism for Protocol 3. We also call on the review conference to establish a strong negotiation mandate for prohibitions and regulations of lethal autonomous weapon systems. This is urgently needed. Laws are no longer science fiction, they are here. Finally, the Arms Trade Treaty is an essential tool to prevent arms from fueling conflict or violating international law. By building capacity, sharing best practice, and strengthening cross-border cooperation, we keep the ATT effective. All states should join and fully implement the treaty. Thank you, Chair.

I thank the distinguished representative of Norway. Now I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Canada.

Okay.

Yeah, you have the mic.

Sorry, excuse me. Chair, Canada is deeply concerned by mounting pressure on the disarmament and arms control architecture and the erosion of established norms. We remain committed to strengthening the rules and institutions that protect civilians and international peace and security. Our task is to defend norms under strain, strengthen those that are working, and prepare for future challenges. Nowhere is the strain more visible than in the Anti-Personal Mine Ban Convention. Five states have withdrawn from the convention since last year. We recognize these withdrawals result from Russia's illegal war against Ukraine. This is a setback to universalization and a mine-free world. Canada calls on all states to uphold international humanitarian law and to stay committed to the convention's humanitarian objectives. Elsewhere, progress continues. Canada congratulates Lao PDR on hosting the third review conference of the Convention on Cluster Munitions last month and welcomes the Vientiane Capital Action Plan as the convention's roadmap for the next five years.

Mr. Chairman, We also welcome Vanuatu and Ecuador as the newest state parties to the Arms Trade Treaty. Finalizing the treaty's five-year strategy will strengthen its relevance. The ATT's recognition of the link between arms transfers and gender-based violence remains particularly important. A gender-responsive approach is equally essential to addressing small arms and light weapons, Canada also welcomes efforts to improve conventional ammunition management. Finally, while the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons faces both procedural and substantive challenges, it remains a vital forum for addressing weapons that cause severe humanitarian harm, including emerging technologies. Canada welcomes the work of the Group of Governmental Experts on Lethal Autonomous Weapon Systems and looks forward to the seventh review conference in November. Mr. Chair, our collective security rests on the strength of the norms we have built together. Canada calls on all states to uphold and strengthen them. Thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative of Canada. Now I give the floor to the distinguished permanent representative of Jamaica, speaking on behalf of CARICOM.

Thank you very much, Chair. I do have the honor to deliver this statement on behalf of the 14 member states of the Caribbean Community. We underscore the profound humanitarian and security challenges posed by the widespread availability and illicit trafficking of conventional weapons. We have witnessed the devastating impact of firearms on our societies as a major driver of insecurity and violence, threatening governance, undermining the safety of our people, and hindering sustainable development. In this regard, we stress the need for concerted efforts to ensure that the production, use, and transfer of conventional weapons are effectively regulated in strict compliance with existing international legal instruments and regional frameworks. CARICOM continues to advocate for international cooperation, capacity building, and robust implementation of existing instruments to stem the flow of these weapons into our communities. We also support the full, effective, and meaningful participation of women and youth in the decision-making processes on arms control and disarmament. Their perspectives strengthen inclusive security policies and provide innovative solutions. CARICOM member states, through the Caribbean Firearms Roadmap, are committed to curbing the illicit proliferation of firearms and ammunition, with the objective of achieving a safer region and contributing to global peace and security. To this end, we value the efforts undertaken by the Caribbean Community Implementation Agency for Crime and Security and the UN Regional Centre for Peace, Disarmament and Development in Latin America and the Caribbean as co-custodians of the roadmap in assisting Member States with its implementation. With respect to the UN Programme of Action on Small Arms and Light Weapons, we note the commitments made in the outcome document of RevCon 4. In this context, We welcome the convening of the ninth biennial meeting of states and the first meeting of the open-ended technical expert group on developments in small arms and light weapons manufacturing, technology, and design held in June. We also underscore the critical importance of the international tracing instrument and the global framework for through-life conventional ammunition management in addressing the diversion, illicit trafficking, and misuse of conventional weapons and ammunition. CARICOM also reaffirms its unwavering support for the Arms Trade Treaty, which remains a cornerstone of our efforts to regulate international trade in conventional arms. We call for the full implementation of the treaty's provisions, and on those states that have not yet done so, to sign and ratify the treaty. We urge all states, especially exporting states, to strengthen national control systems to assess and mitigate the risks of diversion, and to ensure that arms transfers are done within the existing legal framework. We emphasize the urgent need to address the emerging challenges posed by new technologies in the field of autonomous weapons systems. CARICOM stresses that the development of such weapons and their potential use raise legal, ethical, and security concerns. These systems must always remain in strict compliance with international law and under human control and oversight. In this regard, CARICOM acknowledges the conclusion of the work of the Group of Governmental Experts on Lethal Autonomous Weapons in September and the convening of the seventh review conference of the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons in November to negotiate a legal instrument on laws. CARICOM remains steadfast in our commitment to fostering peace, security and development within our member states and beyond. We therefore reaffirm our unwavering commitment to working constructively within this committee and with all partners to strengthen multilateral disarmament and arms control efforts and advance a safer and more peaceful world. I thank you.

I thank the distinguished Permanent Representative of Jamaica, speaking on behalf of the CARICOM. Now I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Azerbaijan.

Azerbaijan remains committed to fulfilling its obligations in the field of conventional weapons and has consistently advocated for their full and effective implementation. For nearly three decades, part of Azerbaijan's territory had been under occupation and served as a gray zone, creating conditions conducive to illicit activity. including the trafficking of conventional arms, ammunition, and related material. Following the restoration of its sovereignty, Azerbaijan strengthened border controls in these areas, thereby reducing the risk of such illicit trafficking. Mr. Chair, landmines continue to claim lives and cause serious injuries in Azerbaijan. This danger is exacerbated by their widespread placement, including in civilian areas, cemeteries, cultural sites, and other locations, which makes their identification and clearance particularly challenging. The past conflict has left Azerbaijan among the countries most severely affected by landmine contamination, with an estimated 1.5 million landmines and unknown number of explosive remnants of war. The human toll of this contamination has been considerable. Over the past three decades, more than 3,500 people have fallen victim to landmines and explosive remnants of war. Since November 2020 alone, 443 Azerbaijani citizens, including women and children, have been killed or injured, and the number continues to rise. Beyond the immediate threat to human life, extensive landmine contamination continues to impede reconstruction and rehabilitation efforts, restrict the use of agricultural land, and obstruct the safe and dignified return of IDPs to their places of origin. These challenges underscore the importance of strengthening international efforts to mitigate the humanitarian consequences of conventional weapons, particularly addressing the persistent threat posed by landmines and explosive remnants of war. Mr. Chair, addressing the persistent landmines threat in Azerbaijan requires sustained international solidarity, stronger partnership, and enhanced assistance for humanitarian mine action. I thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative of Azerbaijan. Now I Now I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Kenya.

Mr. Chair, the rapid technological development coupled with the deployment of autonomous weapon systems represent a significant shift in military capabilities and strategies. Kenya affirms that lethal autonomous weapon systems must comply fully with international law, particularly international humanitarian law and international human rights law. Kenya, therefore, calls for prohibitions on systems that operate without meaningful human control or cannot comply with internationally accepted standards for human control, mandatory legal reviews, and clear accountability provisions. Kenya supports multilateral cooperation on military artificial intelligence and autonomy, but do not advocate negotiating a new treaty. Instead, We call for the full implementation and authoritative clarification of existing international law, including the Geneva Convention and Article 36 obligation to review the new weapons. We have witnessed firsthand their devastating effects as they continue to fuel conflict, terrorism, transnational organized crime, and instability across Africa and beyond. In this regard, we reaffirm the importance of the relevant global instruments aimed at preventing the illicit trade, transfer, and diversion of conventional arms. Our own experience with the terrorist attacks involving improvised explosive device underscores the need for strengthened international cooperation information sharing, and measures to prevent the acquisition of explosive materials by terrorist groups. We remain committed to the objectives of the Anti-Personnel Mine Ban Convention, including victim assistance and mine risk education. Lastly, we continue to call for political will, restraint, and adherence to the international law and existing disarmament commitments to advance global peace and security. I thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative of Kenya. Now I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Togo.

The illicit proliferation of conventional weapons, especially small arms and light weapons, remains a major threat to peace, security, and sustainable development. In West Africa and in the Sahel, the uncontrolled circulation of these weapons and their diversion to illicit parties is fueling terrorism, transnational organized crime, and regional instability. Togo underscores the need to control weapons at all stages of their life cycle, in particular by controlling the transfer, marking, and tracing of these weapons, and by securing stockpiles against any diversion in accordance with the Programme of Action and the International Tracing Instrument. These efforts also require bolstering national capacity. To that end, we welcome the training programs of the United Nations on the control of small arms and light weapons established by the office of disarmament affairs with its partners in particular you naka and we welcome its work in Africa in 2025 and we also welcome the second edition of that held this year, which is an opportunity to share experience in countering the illicit proliferation and diversion of these weapons. Turning now to the national level, we have a national commission to combat the proliferation and circulation of SALW. It is uniting Togo's efforts. We're aiming to ensure the secure stockpiles of weapons in Lome, and this is in the context of the Arms Trade Treaty. These are major strides towards securing stockpiles and preventing diversion. In 2025 and 2026, we've also confiscated some weapons through our defense and security forces, and we cooperated with UN agencies here to -- we did this to combat against the illicit use of these weapons in our country and in this subregion. Combating this scourge requires an integrated approach. It moves beyond enforcement to encompass border controls, institution building, judicial and security institutions, prevention of radicalization, local development, and resilience to climate change. Thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative of Togo. Now I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Sri Lanka.

Sri Lanka Alliance itself with the statement delivered on behalf of the Nonaligned Movement. I would like to add the following remarks in a national capacity. The human cost of conventional weapons remains high. The illicit flow of arms continues to fuel conflict and instability, and falls hardest on civilians. When States do not meet their commitments under existing binding instruments, international peace and security suffer. The continued illicit trade in small arms and light weapons remains a serious challenge, and perhaps one of the most overlooked. Mr. Chair. Sri Lanka continues to strengthen its institutional and operational measures to prevent small arms and light weapons from falling into the hands of terrorists, armed groups and organized crime networks. We are continued to work diligently to translate our commitments into action under the Anti-Personal Mine Ban Convention. Sri Lanka's National Mine Action Program continues to advance clearance toward a mine-free country. Just under 21 square kilometres of land remain to be cleared of mines, primarily in complex and densely forested areas. At a time of funding constraints, international assistance will be essential to maintain momentum towards the goal. My country also acceded to the CCM in 2018 and has fulfilled key obligations under this Convention. Mr Chair, Emerging technologies are changing the landscape of conventional weapons. Sri Lanka is deeply troubled by the prospect of lethal autonomous weapon systems. We support the early commencement of negotiations on a legally binding instrument to prohibit LWS and became one of the main sponsors of the first committee resolution on LWS. The review conference of the CCW is approaching, which gives us a timely opportunity to advance work towards a legally binding instrument in the area of LWS. Mr. Chair. Managing ammunition across its life cycle is fundamental to keeping it from being diverted and misused. Illicit flows are not the only factor that weakens our security. So does the imbalance in how weapons are produced and traded. Sri Lanka will continue to work with this cluster, drawing on our own experience and our firm belief that lasting security rests on disarmament and multilateral cooperation. I thank you, Mr. Chair.

I thank the distinguished representative of Sri Lanka. Now I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Bangladesh.

Thank you, Chair. Bangladesh Alliance is safe with the statement delivered by Indonesia on behalf of NAM. It is unfortunate that our world has been plagued with millions of conflicts in various regions. And Conventional weapons have become the principal instruments of the human suffering emanating from these geopolitical clashes. Mr. Chair, Bangladesh is a state party to the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons and all its five protocols. We consider the convention an important framework for addressing the humanitarian consequences of conventional weapons. We call for its universalization and stronger implementation, including through international cooperation and technical assistance. We are particularly concerned about the growing development of lethal autonomous weapons systems. Bangladesh looks forward to the seventh review conference of the CCRW in November 2026 and hopes that it will pave the way for negotiations on a legally binding instrument on lethal autonomous weapons systems. We believe that the international community must take concrete steps to ensure meaningful human control over the use of force. Mr. Chair, the illicit trade in small arms and light weapons continues to fuel armed violence, organized crime, and terrorism. Therefore, Bangladesh supports the effective implementation of the UN Programme of Action on Small Arms and Light Weapons, an international tracing instrument. We call for stronger cooperation to prevent the illicit trafficking and diversion. We are equally concerned about the humanitarian consequences of cluster munitions. Bangladesh supports the objectives of the Convention on Cluster Munitions. We condemn the use of cluster munitions anywhere in the world and urge all States to refrain from their use, illegal transfer and stockpiling. Mr. Chair, the world cannot continue to spend enormous resources on weapons while millions struggle to meet their basic needs. Guided by the commitment as enshrined in our constitution, we will continue to support international efforts aimed at reducing the human suffering caused by indiscriminate use of weapons in the pursuit of a safer and more

peaceful world for all.

I thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative of Bangladesh. Now I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Guatemala.

Mr. Chair, conventional weapons, particularly small arms and light weapons, continue to fuel conflicts, armed violence, and criminal activities in various regions of the world. Their illicit trafficking, diversion, and misuse remain significant challenges to peace and security. Guatemala recognizes the importance of the progress achieved this year during the ninth biennial meeting of states to consider the implementation of the Programme of Action on Small Arms and Light Weapons which reaffirms states' commitment to the implementation of the program of action and the international tracing instrument, while also addressing emerging challenges related to weapons manufacturing and production technologies. the diversion of weapons and ammunition, strengthening tracing capabilities, and expanding international cooperation and assistance remain essential elements in addressing this phenomenon. Guatemala reiterates the importance of the full implementation and universalization of the Arms Trade Treaty as a fundamental instrument for promoting transparency, accountability, and responsibility in international transfers of conventional weapons. The outcomes of the 12th Conference of States Parties underscore the importance of continuing to strengthen mechanisms aimed at preventing the diversion of weapons into illicit markets. We reaffirm our commitment to the preparatory work leading to the first meeting of states on the global framework for through-life conventional ammunition management, whose implementation will contribute to reducing the risks associated with inadequate stockpile management, diversion, and illicit trafficking. At the national level, Guatemala continues to promote measures aimed at preventing armed violence through inter-institutional coordination mechanisms designed to strengthen national capacities to address illicit arms trafficking and its impact on public security. These efforts have been pursued within the framework of the National Commission for the Prevention of Armed Violence. Mr. Chair, combating the illicit trafficking of arms, strengthening the regulation of the international arms trade, and addressing the challenges posed by emerging technologies through a legally binding instrument that ensures meaningful human control are complementary efforts that contribute to the promotion of lasting international peace and security. Thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative of Guatemala. Now I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Argentina.

Thank you, Chair. As a country that is a producer and exporter of conventional weapons, Argentina reaffirms its commitment to a sector that is responsible, subject to strict controls that prevent diversion and illicit trafficking. The Arms Trade Treaty is a fundamental instrument to regulate the illicit trade and to combat both licit trade and combat illicit trade. Our country had the honor of chairing the Conference of States Parties of the ATT in 2019 and in 2025, and we have actively promoted its universalization and effective implementation in cooperation with other partners. In 2025, we organized in Buenos Aires a regional conference on the treaty with the participation of the nations of Latin America. And we have furthermore participated in regional workshops where we've shared our experience at the national level. We continue also participating actively in the Program of Action on Small Arms and Light Weapons. And we'd like to underscore its coordination on this program at the regional and subregional level. Now, in 2027, we reaffirm our readiness to work for a successful first meeting of states, parties to the global framework for a management through cycle management of conventional weapons. We'd like to highlight the contribution of technical, international technical guidelines on munitions on this topic. Mr. Chairman, we also would like to highlight the value of information on confidence-building measures in the area of conventional weapons. These contribute to transparency and stability. To contribute to greater efficiency of this organization, this year we have decided to make the draft resolution biennially, which Argentina used to submit annually. Lastly, with regard to lethal autonomous weapons systems, we support the work of the Group of Governmental Experts on CCW and hope that the next review conference will enable substantive discussions on the topic. Thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative of Argentina. Now I give the floor to the distinguished representative of China.

Mr. Chair, currently, the misuse and illicit transfer of conventional arms are rising, the ensuing humanitarian crisis are becoming more prominent. China has always been firmly supporting global conventional arms control process, making it one of the key areas for implementing the Global Security Initiative. China is a state party to the Arms Trade Treaty, Fair Arms Protocol, and Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons and its five protocols. China strictly implements its international obligations and actively participates in and supports the work related to the UN Program of Action on Small Arms and Light Weapons, the International instrument, the global framework for conventional ammunition management, the UN register of conventional arms, and. China has provided donations to the CCW sponsorship program for years, offered international humanitarian demining assistance to over 40 developing countries from Asia and Africa. Early this year, China successfully held their training program on capacity building in small arms and light weapons control for countries in the Great Lakes region of Africa, taking concrete actions to support capacity building in conventional arms and international cooperation, and serving as a significant boost to the AU initiative of silencing the guns in Africa. China attaches great importance to the risk control of weaponization of emerging technologies, actively participates in the global governance of military application of AI. China advocates that international humanitarian law should be adhered to and relevant weapon systems should remain under human control. China always supports CCW as the most appropriate platform to discuss the lethal autonomous weapon system. and welcomes the consensus report adopted by this year's GGE. We look forward to continuing to advance the laws process with all parties within the framework of CCW. Mr. Chair, to effectively promote the global conventional arms control process, China advocates that countries should practice true multilateralism and cooperate with each other to deal with global challenges in the conventional arms control process, uphold a responsible attitude to comprehensively and faithfully implement their treaty obligations, oppose a selective approach towards relevant international treaties or rules, encourage capable countries to, on a voluntary increase their international assistance and help developing countries enhance capacity building. Thank you, Chair.

I thank the distinguished representative of China. Now I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Iraq.

Thank you, Mr. Chair.

We align ourselves with the statements delivered by the Arab Group and INAM. We would like to make the following statement in our national capacity. We express our deep concern over the increasing catastrophic consequences of the illicit trade in small arms and light weapons. Efforts must be stepped up to establish an integrated system to combat and mitigate the dangerous effects of this phenomenon at all levels. But any measures taken to this end must not run counter to the security needs and the legitimate and inherent rights of states to self-defense in accordance with Article 51 of the UN Charter. We underscore the importance of the effective implementation of the outcomes of the Fourth Review Conference of the POA on Small Arms and Light Weapons of 2024. including its consensual outcome document and the measures contained therein to strengthen international cooperation, provide technical assistance, and build national capacities. We welcome the outcomes of the 9th biennial MSP to the POA held in June 2026. We look forward to building on this outcome to strengthen the effective implementation of the POA and the ITI while addressing technological gaps among states. On laws, there is a need to develop a legally binding instrument consistent with international humanitarian law and the UN Charter. one that ensures human control and accountability and prevents these technologies from falling into the hands of terrorist groups. Iraq is affected by landmines and explosive remnants of war that continue to jeopardize civilian lives and threaten reconstruction of affected areas. We are implementing our national strategy for the period 2023-2028. including clearing contaminated land, raising public awareness of mine-related risks, and providing assistance to victims. We thank all States, international organizations, and donors for their technical and financial support. This support must now be strengthened further in a manner commensurate with the scale of existing challenges and needs. Thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative of Iraq. Now I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Jamaica.

Thank you, Chair. Jamaica aligns itself with the statements delivered by the Caribbean community and the non-aligned movement. I will make a few additional remarks in our national capacity, with particular emphasis on the illicit trade in small arms and light weapons and its implications for national and regional security. The full statement will be available online. Conventional weapons remain an essential part of the international security landscape. However, their illicit proliferation and diversion fuel violence, strengthen transnational organized crime, and undermine peace, security, and sustainable development. For Jamaica and the wider Caribbean region, the illicit flow of firearms and ammunition is not simply a border control challenge. It is a direct threat to the safety and well-being of our citizens. This requires stronger international cooperation in firearms tracing and interdiction. It also requires greater accountability throughout the international arms transfer chain. States that export significant quantities of arms must strengthen export controls, conduct rigorous end-use assessments, and ensure effective post-delivery verification to prevent diversion into illicit markets. At the national level, Jamaica has pursued a multi-pronged approach, combining legislative and regulatory measures and strengthened enforcement. Partnerships have also helped to enhance the framework governing weapons supplies. and to disrupt the illegal importation of firearms through our ports of entry. The Salient Jamaica program, for example, implemented over two phases from 2022 to 2025, with support from the UNODC, UNLIRIC, the UNODA, and UNESCO, contributed to efforts to disrupt weapon supplies and strengthen the norms of conflict resolution. As weapons technologies evolve, international efforts must also keep pace with emerging risk. Any development or use of conventional weapons must remain consistent with applicable international law, including international humanitarian law. Technological progress must not diminish human responsibility or accountability. Chair, the international community must address not only the weapons that reach criminal networks, but also the supply chains, financial flows, and gaps in cooperation that enable them to do so. Jamaica's experience reinforces the importance of combining national action with effective international partnerships and a clear commitment to preventing diversion. Our objective must be to create conditions in which communities can live free from violence and states can pursue sustainable development in safety and security. Thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative of Jamaica. Now I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Montenegro.

Montenegro aligns itself with the EU statement. Conventional arms control, including small arms and light weapons, as well as disarmament measures, are an important segment of international efforts aimed at preserving peace, stability and security. In a complex and evolving security environment, Montenegro as a NATO and a future EU member supports the strengthening of multilateral arms control mechanisms, building trust and transparency, and consistent adherence to the international law. Russia's aggression against Ukraine violates the UN Charter and undermines international standards regarding the implementation of confidence building measures, the reduction of security risks, the strengthening global security. We call upon Russia to cease its unprovoked aggression against Ukraine and to fully respect international humanitarian law. Mr. Chair, Montenegro continues to fulfill its obligations in the fields of arms control, disarmament, and non-proliferation through active participation in relevant international and regional mechanisms. We remain committed to the full and effective implementation of the Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production, and Transfer of Anti-Personnel Mines and on their Destruction. We also reiterate our firm support to CCW and its protocols, AMPBC, ATT, and all other relevant international documents in this field. We also welcome the work of the Group of Governmental Experts on Laws. When it comes to small arms and light weapons, Montenegro is pursuing a comprehensive and strategic approach in line with the UN program of action on salt and our regional commitments in the Western Balkans, particularly those in the UNDP regional roadmap 2030. We are developing a new strategy on action plan for combating the illicit possession, misuse, and trafficking of salt, ammunition, and explosive for 2026, 2030. It aims to further strengthen our national arms control system by developing risk-based policies, enhancing criminal intelligence capabilities, improving information exchange, and establishing more effective preventive mechanisms. Montenegro actively participates in international and regional mechanisms for the control of small arms and weapons and conventional ammunition. One of the most successful reform initiatives in this field has been the MONDEM program, through which Montenegro successfully addressed 96% of its surplus conventional weapons and ammunition. This year also marks the 30th anniversary of the signing of the legally binding agreement of sub-regional arms control known as the Florence Agreement. Under it, more than 10,000 pieces of armaments has been destroyed. Even in the current complex situation in Europe, the agreement has demonstrated remarkable resilience since it was built on solid foundation. Thank you, Mr. Chair.

I thank the distinguished representative of Montenegro. And now I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Vietnam.

Vietnam aligns itself with the statements delivered by ASEAN and the Non-Aligned Movement. The illicit trade, the unauthorized and illegal use of small arms and light weapons pose serious risk to national security and have devastating consequences, particularly for civilians, especially in conflict-related contexts. Preventing the illicit arms flow and misuse is therefore a shared responsibility of the international community. Vietnam welcomes the outcome of the BMS 9 and supports its full and effective implementation, particularly on capacity building in advancing the UNPOA on small arms and light weapons. and we are of the view that states bear primary responsibility for the management of small arms and light weapons, while international cooperation should be practical and responsive to national circumstances and needs. Implementation of international instruments should be balanced, consistent and non-discriminatory. Chair, after decades after the end of conflict, Vietnam has made significant efforts in mine action. We sincerely appreciate the technical, financial, and human support provided by international partners in this regard. Yet around 17.61% of our land area, equal to over 5 million hectares, remain contaminated by unexploded ordnance. These remnants continue to threaten lives and hinder the long-term sustainable development of our communities and nation. Our experience, alongside that of other countries affected by remnants of war, underscores the need for sustained investment and international assistance for mine clearance and victim assistance. Women's participation is essential to effective mine action. In line with our National Action Plan on Women, Peace, and Security, Vietnam continues to promote women's engagement in mine action and supports their long-term social and economic empowerment in post-conflict recovery. Mr. Chair, the development and use of autonomous weapons systems in conflicts raise serious concerns regarding civilian protection, accountability, and compliance with international law. Technological advances do not diminish our responsibility to protect human life. Vietnam emphasizes the importance of maintaining meaningful human judgment and control, and we continue to follow discussions on laws under the CCW framework. I thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative of Vietnam. Now I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Singapore. Can you provide them?

Yeah.

Thank you, Chair. Singapore aligns itself with the statements delivered by Cambodia on behalf of ASEAN and by Indonesia on behalf of the non-aligned movement. Please allow me to make three points in our national capacity. First, Singapore is firmly committed to international efforts to curb the illicit arms trade and the indiscriminate use of conventional arms, which continue to fuel armed conflict and violence worldwide. Beyond our annual participation in the Conference of States Parties to the Arms Trade Treaty, we fully support the implementation of the UN POA on Small Arms and Light Weapons. We commend the substantive work undertaken at the Ninth Biennial Meeting of States and support the implementation of the international tracing instrument. We also welcome the ongoing implementation of the Global Framework for Through-Life and Conventional Ammunition Management and look forward to its first meeting of states in 2027. Second, Singapore reaffirms the importance of ensuring that conventional weapons are used responsibly and in accordance with international law, given the serious humanitarian consequences that their indiscriminate use can have on innocent civilians. As a high contracting party to the CCW, we commend the significant achievement of the CCW GGE on laws in achieving consensus on a substantive final report in September. Singapore also remains supportive of international efforts to address the humanitarian concerns associated with anti-personnel landmines and cluster munitions. We have maintained an indefinite moratorium on the export of anti-personnel landmines and cluster munitions since 1998 and 2008 respectively, and have consistently voted in favour of the UNGA resolutions on the implementation of the Anti-Personnel Mine Ban Convention and the Convention on Cluster Munitions. Third, Singapore upholds transparency in the conventional arms trade, which is critical in building confidence and preventing the diversion and illicit transfer of conventional arms. Singapore has consistently contributed to efforts to promote the establishment of international standards, including through our regular submission of national reports to the UN Register of Conventional Arms since 1993. We comply strictly with our international obligations on international arms sales and transfers. As a major transshipment and transit hub, Singapore maintains a robust export control regime which is regularly updated. Mr Chair, the challenges posed by the illicit trade and indiscriminate use of conventional weapons require sustained international cooperation and cannot be addressed by any state acting alone. We stand ready to work constructively with all delegations in pursuit of our shared objective for a peaceful and more secure world for all. Thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative of Singapore. Now I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Chile.

Thank you very much, Mr. Chairman. We elicit trafficking of firearms, their parts, components, and munitions represents a threat for peace and security at the national, regional, and international level. The flow of illegal weapons to countries in conflict fuels armed violence and perpetuates the violation of the rights of civilians with particularly damaging effects on children and women. This is why it is essential to combat criminal networks and transnational organized crime that promote and profit from these crimes. Mr. Chairman, we want to highlight the holding of the Ninth Biennial Meeting of States on Small Arms and Light Weapons. This meeting made it possible to make progress on new definitions for the implementation of the Programme of Action, considering the existence of challenges that are increasingly complex, including those related to new technologies. I would like to congratulate Australia for leading these efforts. For our part, we'd like to highlight the first meeting of States, the Global Framework for Through-Life Conventional Ammunition Management that will take place in July of next year. It's crucial that States present information on their national implementation efforts before the end of this year. This will make it possible to have concrete input to guide discussions of the first meeting, strengthen transparency, and contribute to the effective implementation of the global framework. Mr. Chairman, we reject any use of cluster munitions anywhere and under any circumstances. We also reiterate that the use of anti-personal mines is unacceptable. We attach particular importance to the conventions of Ottawa and Oslo. We'd like to express our concern about the possible weakening of these instruments given the withdrawal of some of their signatories. As far as the Arms Trade Treaty, it's purpose confirms that the trade of an international trade of conventional weapons must be conducted on the basis of common norms responsibly and transparently for Chile the credibility of the treaty depends on its effective and balanced transparent and comprehensive implementation this requires national control systems capable of evaluating each transfer of weapons and rigorously on the basis of sufficient information with appropriate coordination among the relevant institutions To conclude, we want to underscore the work of the Group of Governmental Experts on Lethal Autonomous Weapon Systems that managed to adopt a consensus on a number of elements for future instruments without prejudging its nature.

The microphone is switched off.

I thank the distinguished representative of Chile. Now I give the floor to the distinguished Permanent Representative of Netherlands to the Conference of the Dignitaries.

I would like to make the following remarks in my national capacity. Chair, Excellencies, distinguished delegates. Last year, around 1,000 people were killed or severely injured by cluster munitions. both from direct attacks and from unexploded remnants. This is one of the highest figures in recent history. And again, Ukraine suffered the highest number of casualties. Since Russia's full-scale invasion, it has used anti-personnel landmines and cluster munitions in an indiscriminate manner, turning Ukraine into the most mine-contaminated country in the world. This is a deeply concerning trend, and demands our continued commitment to humanitarian disarmament. We therefore welcome the Fianjao Capital Action Plan and the Fianjao Political Declaration as important outcomes of the CCM Review Conference. What further stands out is the disproportionate impact these weapons have on civilians. In 2025, civilians accounted for 87% of all recorded casualties from cluster munitions. The protection of civilians must therefore remain at the heart of our arms control and disarmament efforts. The Netherlands remains firmly committed to both the APMBC and the CCM. We demonstrate this commitment through our financial support as well, a total of 146 million US dollars for the period 2025-2030 for demining operations worldwide. Chair, while we recognize the opportunities and, in some contexts, the military utility of autonomous capabilities, their design, development and use must always remain firmly grounded in international humanitarian law. Therefore, as Chair of the GGE Laws, I wish to thank everyone who contributed over the past three years to the work of the Group. Its report, adopted by all 128 High Contracting Parties and containing a set of elements of an instrument, without prejudging its nature and other possible measures, represents a significant milestone in the international regulation of laws. In light of the accelerating development of laws, their use in current conflicts, and the institutional momentum we have generated together as international community, it is important to keep up the momentum and take a meaningful next step in the CCW to address emerging technologies in the area of laws, building on the previous work of the GDE, in particular its latest report. I thank you.

I thank the representative of the Kingdom of the Netherlands to the conference of. Now I give the floor to the representative of Bulgaria.

Thank you, Mr. Chair. Bulgaria aligns itself with the statement delivered on behalf of the European Union, and the full version of my statement will be uploaded shortly. Mr. Chair, Russia's continued war of aggression against Ukraine demonstrates the devastating consequences of armed conflict for civilian population and critical infrastructure. We particularly condemn Russia's use of anti-personal landmines and cluster munitions on Ukrainian territory, which cause indiscriminate killings of civilians and leave a terrible legacy of suffering for the years to come. These irresponsible actions must halt immediately. In that vein, we continue to support the humanitarian aims of the Anti-Personal Mine Ban Convention and the Convention on Cluster Munitions, and stress the importance of mine clearance, risk reduction, victim assistance, and international support for affected countries. We welcome the recent adoption of the Vientiane Capital Action Plan by the Third Review Conference of the CCM, and we call for its steadfast implementation. Mr. Chair, Bulgaria regards the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons as an indispensable forum for addressing the humanitarian and security implications of specific conventional weapons. As nominated Vice President of the seventh review conference of the CCW in 2016, Bulgaria is committed to contribute constructively to the conference and to advancing a substantive and balanced outcome. We consider sustained engagement among all high contracting parties essential to strengthening the implementation of the Convention and its protocols. Of particular importance for us is that the Review Conference adopts a negotiating mandate for the Group of Governmental Experts on Lethal Autonomous Weapon Systems in order to take forward its work on a multilateral instrument on laws. Mr. Chair. As a responsible arms producing and exporting country, Bulgaria recognizes the Arms Trade Treaty as the only legally binding document that establishes highest possible standards for the international trade in conventional arms. We call for the full universalization of the treaty and for consistent adherence to its provisions. determined in particular to combat the illicit trade in small arms, light weapons, and their ammunition, which fuel armed conflicts and sponsor organized crimes and terrorism. We continue to support effective implementation and the practical international cooperation under the United Nations Programme of Action on Small Arms and Light Weapons in all its aspects and the global framework for through-life conventional ammunition management. I thank you, Mr. Chair.

I thank the distinguished representative of Bulgaria for her statement. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Cote d'Ivoire.

Mr. Chairman, Cote d'Ivoire notes with concern that conventional weapons remain today the weapons that most directly affect our populations. This reality is particularly disturbing in West Africa and the Sahel, where there are porous borders in certain areas and there are activities of transnational terrorist and criminal organizations. This has fueled the trafficking of illicit trafficking of weapons and their ammunition. we call for the implementation of the POA on small arms and light weapons, the International Tracing Instrument, the Arms Trade Treaty, and the Convention of ECOWAS on Small Arms and Light Weapons. Technological changes, Mr. Chairman, also require our attention. The artisanal, unregulated manufacturing, 3D printing, the growing modularity of certain weapons, and new techniques that could sidestep traditional frameworks for marking and tracing. All of this means we need to adapt our response. As we see it, this adaptation needs to be coupled with national capacity building, information sharing, and more and stronger cross-border cooperation, we are going to continue our efforts to better understand and regulate the problem of the artisanal manufacturing of firearms. We, therefore, call upon international partners to support those countries that have expressed a need through predictable technical assistance that is sustainable and in step with national realities. Cote d'Ivoire encourages the implementation of the global framework for through-life conventional ammunition management. Its effective implementation will reduce the risk of accidental explosion, diversion, and traffic. Cote d'Ivoire remains committed to the CCW. We believe that technological progress must never erode the principles of international humanitarian law. In this regard, work being done this year on lethal autonomous weapons systems must allow for progress to be made on an effective normative framework that guarantees responsibility and effective human control. Finally, my delegation reiterates its support to the initiative of the African Union called Silence the Guns, and we will continue to stand side by side with our international partners to ensure the control of conventional weapons, which is a fundamental lever to prevent conflicts, preserve peace, and guarantee global security. Thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative of Cote d'Ivoire for his statement. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Malaysia.

Mr. Chair. Malaysia associates itself with the statements made by NAM and ASEAN. We reaffirm our commitment to the UN Programme of Action on Small Arms and Light Weapons and its International Tracing Instrument. Building on the Fourth Review Conference outcome and the Ninth Biennial Meeting of States held earlier this year, we stress the importance of addressing technological developments in small arms manufacturing, design and modularity. Enhanced international cooperation, capacity building and technical assistance remain indispensable to combating the illicit trade in SALW. Malaysia welcomes progress in operationalizing the global framework through live conventional ammunition management and looks forward to its first meeting of states in 2027. Translating these commitments into concrete national practices is essential to preventing unplanned explosions and stopping illicit ammunition diversions. As a signatory to the Arms Treaty 3, Malaysia remains an active participant in its conference of state parties and values the instrument's role in preventing the diversion of conventional weapons. This is without prejudice to the legitimate rights of states to use arms judiciously for security, self-defense, research and trade purposes. Malaysia supports the ongoing discussions and the proposed ATT five-year strategy and looks forward to its agreement in 2027. We are actively reviewing relevant national legislative frameworks to foster closer alignment with the ATT's provisions. while engaging in regional initiatives to prevent, disrupt, and combat arms smuggling through ASEAN cooperation. Regarding lethal autonomous weapon systems, Malaysia welcomes the conclusion of the Group of Governmental Experts three-year mandate and the submission of its report to the seventh Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons Review Conference next month. Malaysia supports the humanitarian objective of the CCW and the establishment of clear, effective limits on automated warfare to ensure meaningful human control and full compliance with international humanitarian law. As global military expenditure reaches records high, Malaysia echoes the UN Secretary General's warning that excessive allocations to armaments diminishes the resources and space for global cooperation. Conventional weapons continue to account for the vast majority of this expenditure, heightening regional tensions and siphoning critical funding away from sustainable development. Malaysia, therefore, urges concerted multilateral action to strengthen conventional arms control and foster meaningful disarmament. Thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative of Malaysia for his statement. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Australia.

Thank you, Chair. The conventional frameworks that have underpinned international arms control for decades are facing unprecedented pressure. As technology transforms the conduct of conflict, these frameworks must adapt to keep pace. Where necessary, new lines of effort may be needed. Through it all, international law, including international humanitarian law, must remain our guide. Australia welcomes the consensus outcome of the Group of Governmental Experts on Lethal Autonomous Weapon Systems. We must continue to build on our work to ensure that laws are used in full compliance with IHL and that civilians are protected. We remain of the view that the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons remains the most effective forum for the international community to advance this work. Chair, the human cost of conventional weapons remains stark. In the last two years alone, more than 10,000 people, most of them civilians, were killed or injured by landmines, cluster munitions, and explosive remnants of war. New technologies can make mine clearance faster, safer, and more effective. At the same time, conventions such as the Anti-Personnel Mine Ban Convention and the Convention on Cluster Munitions must keep pace with new challenges, including the 3D printing of mine components. Chair, the UN Secretary-General's latest report on improvised explosive devices highlights the growing impact of technologies such as drone systems. Meeting these challenges demands stronger international cooperation. Australia encourages all member states to support the biennial resolution countering the threat posed by IEDs, co-led by Australia, France and Nigeria. Chair technology presents both opportunities and risks in tackling the illicit trade in small arms and light weapons. The UN Programme of Action and the Arms Trade Treaty have become essential forums for addressing these issues. Australia, having recently chaired the Programme of Action process in partnership with Sierra Leone, strongly supports maintaining this focus. To harness the benefits of innovation while managing its risks, cooperation is indispensable. Australia looks forward to hosting the second Asia-Pacific UN Fellowship Training Programme in Small Arms and Light Weapons in March 2027. As a founding donor of the UN Trust Facility Supporting Cooperation on Arms Regulation, Australia remains committed to strengthening national capacities and supporting the vital contribution of civil society. Chair, Australia stands ready to work with all Member States to ensure our collective efforts remain fit for purpose in a rapidly changing world. Thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative of Australia for her statement. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Senegal.

Mr. Chairman, my delegation aligns itself with the statement of Indonesia on behalf of the non-aligned movement and the African group as well as they've made today by Austria my delegation is taking the floor based on several convictions first of all since conventional weapons continue to represent a major threat to international peace and security. In many countries, tens of thousands of civilians are killed or wounded as a result of these weapons. Increase in geopolitical tensions, increase in crises, and various humanitarian challenges remind fertile ground for conventional weapons. Furthermore, development of technology related to lethal autonomous weapon systems is a major problem. While applauding the adoption by the GGE of a series of elements dealing with emerging technologies, recent development of these weapons and systems, mean that the international community must make more efforts to control them. Senegal supports efforts aimed at developing legally binding norms that guarantee that all weapons, no matter what their form or technology is, are subject to the principles of responsibility and humanity. Third, the exorbitant military expenditures need to be curbed. Targeted discussion of this is essential Fourthly, withdrawal of states from important treaties is a major problem. The interdependent character of these instruments should contribute to their implementation. My delegation recognizes the value of progress achieved recently in the establishment of a global framework for through-life conventional ammunition management, as well as another source of satisfaction is the adoption by consensus of the final report of the biennial meeting of the Programme of Action, as well as a group of government experts In continuing these efforts, we need to consolidate efforts to build trust, expand cooperation, and international assistance promotes technical and financial support to allow states to identify challenges and improve coordination at the regional level. To conclude my delegation believes that important efforts continue.

May the speaker read his speech so fast that it was impossible to interpret.

I thank the distinguished representative of Senegal for his statement. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Ireland.

Ireland aligns itself with the statement of the European Union. Severe conflicts and humanitarian crises rage around the globe, while conventional weapons continue to be used daily in armed conflicts, causing deaths, injuries and long-term socio-economic harm. Ireland stresses that any use of military force must comply with international humanitarian law. Chair, humanitarian disarmament treaties are critical instruments of international humanitarian law. The Anti-Personnel Mine Ban Convention and the Convention on Cluster Munitions save lives, protect communities and facilitate sustainable development. Ireland commends Lao PDR for its stewardship over the third review conference of the CCM and for guiding States Parties to agreement on an ambitious but achievable five-year action plan. Ireland is deeply concerned by reports of use of cluster munitions and mines by States not party to these conventions. We condemn their use anywhere, by anyone, under any circumstances. Ireland calls for the renewed commitment to these life-saving instruments and notes the importance of thoroughly investigating credible allegations of use on territories of States Parties. Chair, Ireland continues to remain deeply concerned by the widespread use of explosive weapons in populated areas and urges all States who have not yet done so to join the WEAPOL political declaration and contribute to its effective implementation. We also reiterate our strong support for the Arms Trade Treaty and the UN Programme of Action on Small Arms and Light Weapons. Ensuring that effective conventional arms control frameworks are in place and able to operate contributes to greater peace, security, trust and stability. In that regard, we also look forward to advancing work on the first formal meeting of states on the global framework for through-life conventional ammunition management in 2027. We are at a critical moment for humanity regarding how wars are fought. The need for agreement on a governance framework for lethal autonomous weapons systems is urgent. Ireland welcomes the recent consensus adoption of a set of elements of an instrument on laws. We must now move to negotiations on that instrument, which we believe must be legally binding, to prohibit systems and uses that are incompatible with international humanitarian law and to regulate others. Ireland urges all States to recognise the growing international call to seize the moment and to find agreement on a path to an instrument for laws at the upcoming seventh review conference on the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons. It is vital that the Conference also addresses the reported use of incendiary weapons and weapons with incendiary effects in Ukraine, Gaza, Lebanon and Syria. These reports are of deep concern. Ireland reiterates the need for States to strictly comply with IHL. Chair, Ireland re-emphasises the importance of gender equality and considering the gendered impacts of conventional weapons. Advancing gender-sensitive programmes remains an intrinsic component of our work. We also highlight the critical role played by civil society in increasing and enhancing accountability and transparency in conventional arms control. Thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative of Ireland for his statement. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Yemen.

Mr. Chair, Yemen aligns itself with the statement delivered by the Arab Group. And I'd like to have the following points in my national capacity. We underscore the importance of fulfilling the obligations and commitments arising from the international agreements, including those governing the transfer and trade of conventional arms as an essential contribution to strengthening international and regional peace and security. We affirm the importance of the UN program of action on small arms and light weapons the international tracing instrument and the international framework on ammunition. We also serve the need for technical assistance and capacity building in accordance with the priorities of recipient states and the full respect for their sovereignty and their legitimate right to self-defense according to the Charter of the United Nations. Mr. Chair, the real challenge lies not only in reaching agreements, but in ensuring their implementation. Efforts to combat illicit arms trafficking can't succeed while states continue to supply weapons to non-state armed groups, undermining legitimate governments and prolonging conflicts. Yemen is a clear example. Iran continues to support the terrorist Houthi militias by supplying them with advanced conventional weapons, including ballistic and cruise missiles, drones, anti-aircraft missiles, land and sea mines, and explosive-laden boats. This support extends beyond weapons transfers to the provision of technical expertise and technology, as well as assistance in establishing weapons assembly and manufacturing workshops, involving personnel and experts from Iran, IRGC operating on Houthi-controlled areas. These practices have strengthened the Houthi military capabilities, prolonged the war, deepened the suffering of the Yemeni people. They have also threatened neighboring states and international navigation in the Red Sea, the Bab el-Mandab, and the Gulf of Aden. The illicit flow of conventional weapons into Houthi militias is therefore not merely a domestic concern for Yemen, but a direct threat to regional and international security. In conclusion, the credibility of international efforts to regulate the trade of arms and combat illicit trafficking depends on effective implementation. Thank you, Mr. Chair.

I thank the distinguished representative of Yemen for his statement. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Cameroon.

Mr. Chairman, a weapon doesn't choose the cause for which it will be used, but the international community can choose to better control the path that it travels until it reaches its user. This is our collective responsibility. A legally transferred weapon can take human lives. Cameroon is facing insecurity, in particular in the Lake Chad region, and this is an issue relating to our security and development. We reiterate our commitment to the to the ATT, to the CCW, to the Ottawa Convention, and to the Kinshasa Convention. Mr. Chairman, several priorities need to guide our action. Number one, we need to prevent the diversion of weapons through marking and tracing and control of transfers. initially legal transfer doesn't guarantee that a weapon will not be used in some other way. Second, we need to secure stockpiles. We must protect populations, in particular, by disposing of excess weapons and by managing the explosive remnants of war. Third, we must anticipate risks posed by artificial intelligence and lethal autonomous weapons systems while respecting IHL. and ensuring human responsibility. Fourth, we need to strengthen cooperation. Cameroon encourages the voluntary pilot project in Central Africa to improve the tracing of confiscated weapons and to ensure the secure transfer of information and to prevent cross-border diversion while respecting the sovereignty of states. Mr. Chairman, New weapons are sophisticated, but that should not eclipse the suffering caused every day by light weapons. The countries that are most affected need to have the tools they need to act, because durable peace cannot be built only by silencing the guns. It's built also by preventing them from being diverted and preventing them from speaking in the place of law. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.

I thank the distinguished representative of Cameroon for his statement. I.

Now give the floor to the distinguished representative of the Russian Federation.

Thank you, Mr. Chairman. The Russian Federation reaffirms its unwavering commitment to the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons. We attach great importance to the preparation and successful outcome of the seventh review conference of the CCW. We consider the strengthening and universalization of the Convention and its protocols, as well as the review and approval of the results of the work of the CCW Group of Governmental Experts on Lethal Autonomous Weapons Systems and the agreement on its new mandate to be a priority task for the CCW REVCON. We highly appreciate the work carried out by the GGE on laws and its adoption this September of a substantive consensus report containing specific recommendations on a number of important aspects relating to the use of weapon systems involving AI technologies. It is essential to maintain this positive momentum and continue this dialogue on laws within the framework of the CCW. We consider a thorough analysis of existing international law and the determination of the parameters for its application to laws, as well as formulation of a unified terminological basis to be promising topics for further discussion. We believe that the norms of international law are fully applicable, including international humanitarian law in the context of laws. It contains a wide range of restrictions that help ensure the humanization of warfare. These means can also significantly reduce the negative impact of their use in the context of international law. Mr. Chairman, we believe it's necessary to further increase the efficiency in the implementation of the United Nations POA to prevent combat and eradicate the illicit trade in small arms and light weapons. In order to increase its practical output, national control over all stages of the weapons lifecycle should be strengthened. The United Nations Register of Conventional Weapons remains in focus of attention as one of the key mechanisms for transparency and ensuring international security by tracing and identifying destabilizing accumulations of weapons in various regions of the world. At the same time, we are wary of attempts by certain states to expand the scope of the Register and do so in an unjustifiable way, given the past instances when this mechanism was used to achieve objectives inconsistent with its purpose, including in determining the parameters of the arms embargo imposed by the UN Security Council. The situation around the International Arms Trade Treaty, when its parties continue to supply military goods directly or indirectly to the zones of armed conflict, is totally unacceptable. The full version of our statement will be posted online. Thank you.

Thank the distinguished representative of the Russian Federation for her statement.

The floor to the distinguished representative of Philippines.

Itself for the statement delivered by ASEAN and NAM. The Philippines' commitment to the arms control, disarmament, and non-proliferation of conventional weapons is anchored by a humanitarian perspective centered on protecting victims, safeguarding human dignity, and capacity building. As a state party to all the major humanitarian disarmament instruments, we reaffirm our commitment to upholding and advancing the universalization of the CCW, ATT, CCM, and APMBC. We unequivocally condemn any use, transfer, or proliferation of landmines, cluster munitions, incendiary weapons, or improvised explosive devices by any actor under any circumstances. We deeply regret recent withdrawals from these treaties, which risk eroding foundational humanitarian norms. We also reaffirm our commitment to strengthening the protection of civilians from explosive weapons in populated areas. Preventing the illicit trade and diversion of small arms and light weapons requires a whole-of-government, whole-of-society, and whole-of-lifecycle approach, covering manufacture, transfer, storage, tracing, and final disposal. We support practical discussions to address challenges from evolving technologies, including modular, polymer-based, and 3D-printed firearms, supported by technical assistance and the work of the Open-Ended Technical Expert Group. We continue to advance regional cooperation in Southeast Asia and the wider Asia Pacific region, including by promoting interoperability across. various global frameworks and advancing a regional roadmap toward the regional mechanism on weapons regulation in line with the ASEAN declaration on combating arms smuggling. The Philippines looks forward to the first meeting of states on the global framework for through life conventional ammunition management next year. Through life ammunition management must be anchored in national ownership, sustained donor commitments without conditionality, gender mainstreaming, and measures to limit community exposure to stockpiles. We support transparent, non-duplicative reporting mechanisms that reinforce complementarity across existing instruments. In closing, Chair, arms control, disarmament, and non-proliferation of conventional weapons remains an indispensable pillar of lasting peace and security. The Philippines stands ready to work with our international partners in protecting civilians and upholding human dignity. Thank you, Chair.

I thank the distinguished representative of Philippines for her statement. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of South Africa.

Thank you, Chairperson. South Africa associates with the statements delivered by the African Group and the Non-Aligned Movement. South Africa wishes to reiterate the urgency and profound importance of addressing the challenges posed by lethal autonomous weapons systems within the framework of international law and international humanitarian law. As a nation committed to security, peace, human dignity, and the rule of law, we believe it is imperative to confront the ethical, legal, moral, and societal implications of these emerging technologies. Ahead of the seventh review conference of the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons, we call for an ambitious negotiating mandate, building upon substantial work already undertaken with a view to negotiating an instrument on laws. We should also remain mindful of the rapid pace of technological developments and the need to address these developments in a timely manner. Chairperson, we actively support the full implementation of the humanitarian disarmament conventions, including the Convention on Cluster Munitions, the Anti-Personnel Mine Ban Convention and the Convention on CCW. In this regard, we welcome the adoption of the three key outcome documents. South Africa was honored to preside over the preparatory meeting of states for the global framework for through life conventional ammunition management in June 2025, where member states agreed on a voluntary reporting template, which they will use to provide an initial overview this year on their implementation of the global framework. We further welcome the call for international cooperation and assistance to strengthen states' national capacity to effectively address the diverse challenges associated with conventional ammunition, including through the fellowship program. As the main co-sponsors of the resolution on the illicit trade in small arms and light weapons in all its aspects, South Africa, Colombia, and Japan continue to take forward the outcomes of the fourth review and the ninth biennial meeting of states in furthering the aims of the program of action on small arms and light weapons in all its aspects and the international tracing instrument. It is our hope that the resolution will continue to enjoy the support of all member states. South Africa appreciates the support of the states parties for its presidency of the 12th conference of state parties of the ATT. and we look forward to the 13th meeting of.

I think the distinguished representative of South Africa for a statement I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of France.

Chairman France align itself aligns itself for the European Union statement and makes the following remarks on national The illicit trade in small arms and light weapons contributes to the escalation of armed violence. As such, France remains committed to the full implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action and welcomes the holding of the first meeting of the Open-ended Group of Technical Experts on New Technology. The management of conventional ammunition is a major challenge. Given the risks of explosion or diversion of such ammunition into illicit markets, France supports the efforts made by the Global Framework for Through-Life Conventional Ammunition Management. The first meeting of States Parties of that framework will take place in 2027. Against this deteriorating international backdrop, France remains committed to the Arms Trade Treaty, the objectives of which must be upheld. France calls for the universalization of the conventions on anti-personnel mines and cluster munitions. Demining programs, particularly in Ukraine, Mauritania, Syria, and Lebanon, contribute to the fight against improvised explosive devices. To this end, France is tabling a resolution this year, together with Australia and Nigeria, to address the danger posed by these weapons. We call on all States to support and co-sponsor this resolution. Mr. Chairman, with regard to lethal autonomous weapons systems, the elements agreed in September within the framework of the GGE provide an excellent basis for a future instrument to regulate these autonomous weapons under the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons. Given the rapid development of these weapons, it is crucial that at the review conference in November that we adopt a mandate to continue this work within the framework of the CCW, the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons. Mr. Chairman, thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative of France for her statement. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Switzerland.

Mr. Chair, contamination from mines, cluster munitions, and other explosive remnants of war threatens the safety of civilian populations and persists long after the end of hostilities. Humanitarian disarmament instruments play an essential role in preventing and reducing human suffering caused by these weapons. Switzerland will continue to work towards their full implementation, universalization, and the promotion of the norms they embody. In this regard, Switzerland is concerned by the continued use of anti-personnel mines and cluster munitions, as well as by the withdrawal from the instruments prohibiting their use by several States. Furthermore, Switzerland deplores the humanitarian consequences caused by improvised explosive devices and co-sponsors a resolution addressing this issue. We recall that our concerns regarding these consequences and the unlawful use of such devices do not depend on the status or qualifications of the actor using them. Any measure aimed at preventing or combating the use or proliferation of such devices must comply with international law, human rights law, and, in situations of armed conflict, international humanitarian law. Swiss welcomes the launch of the open-ended technical expert group on small arms and light weapons. Modular weapons, polymer weapons, and additive manufacturing pose challenges for marking, record keeping, and tracing. It is important that the group submit concrete recommendations in preparation for the 10th biennial meeting states in 2028. Switzerland also reaffirms its commitment to the global framework for through-life conventional ammunition management. We encourage all States to submit their implementation reports in preparation for the 2027 Meeting of States. We welcome the fact that the Group of Governmental Experts under the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons on Lethal Autonomous Weapon Systems adopted a substantive report at the conclusion of its work. The body of elements developed constitutes a sufficient basis for launching negotiations on an instrument without further delay. For Switzerland, such an instrument should be legally binding or alternately of a hybrid nature, combining legally binding and politically binding elements. We hope that the other high contracting parties at the next CCW review conference will adopt a clear mandate inspired by our paragraph three of the draft resolution on LAWS, namely to initiate negotiations on an instrument. Finally, Switzerland will have the honor of chairing the next CCW review conference. In this capacity, we'll promote constructive dialogue aimed at strengthening both implementation and universalization of the convention, as well as the adoption of a new mandate on LAWS. A full version will be submitted of this statement. Thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative of Switzerland for her statement. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Maldives.

Thank you, Chair. Conventional weapons continue to cause serious harm to civilians. Their uncontrolled transfer, indiscriminate use, and diversion prolong conflict and make recovery more difficult. The international community has established important agreements to address these consequences. Our priority is to ensure these agreements are respected and implemented. But implementation also requires us to look at the resources devoted to weapons. The Maldives wishes to highlight four priorities. First, strengthening accountability in conventional arms transfer. As a state party to arms trade treaty, the Maldives call for its full implementation. Exporting state must assess whether transferred weapon could be used to commit serious violation of international humanitarian law. Where the treaties prohibits transfers, commercial and strategic interest must not override those obligation. Second, preventing diversion and illicit trafficking of small arms and light weapons. Developing countries, particularly SIDS, need technical assistance to strengthen national control and maritime surveillance capacities. Third, reducing humanitarian consequence of conventional weapons. The Maldives call for universal participation to Anti-Personal Mine Ban Convention and Convention on Cluster Munition and sustained assistance for clearance victim rehabilitation and affect communities. Fourth, addressing emerging weapons technology. The Maldives support ongoing effort toward a legal binding instrument on lethal anonymous weapon system. Human responsibilities must remain central to decision involving the use of force. For Maldives, Conventional arms control must ultimately be measured by its impact on the ground. Security should protect development, not consume the resources needed to achieve it. I thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative of Maldives for her statement. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Algeria.

Mr. Chair. My delegation aligns itself with the statements delivered on behalf of NAM and the African Group and the joint statement on lethal autonomous weapons systems. As a state party to the CCW, Algeria considers this convention to be a key international instrument that addresses the humanitarian concerns associated with categories of weapons that cause unjustified suffering and target civilians indiscriminately. As for lethal autonomous weapons systems, we commend the work undertaken within the framework of the GGE, and we take note of the adoption of its final report, which contains a set of elements for an instrument and other measures. We believe that the effective and meaningful human control over such systems remains indispensable to ensure compliance with international humanitarian law, particularly the principles of distinction, precaution, and proportionality. The outcomes achieved by the group provide an appropriate basis for negotiations on a legally binding instrument. But the need for such an instrument has become urgent and can no longer be deferred, especially with the approaching seventh review conference of the convention next month. Mr. Chair, we reaffirm our full commitment to the implementation of the AP MBC. In this regard, we recall the resolutions introduced by Algeria in the Human Rights Council with the valuable support of several states, most recently the resolution adopted by consensus during the Council's 63rd session entitled "The impact of anti-personnel mines on the full enjoyment of all human rights: enhancing assistance to victims." We call upon all States in a position to do so to provide financial, technical, and humanitarian assistance for mine clearance and rehabilitation efforts, Mr. Chair. We remain fully committed to the UN Program of Action on Small Arms and Light Weapons and the International Tracing Instruments. We believe that combating illicit trafficking requires a comprehensive and integrated approach on all levels. We welcome the convening of the ninth biennial meeting and stress the importance of prioritizing training programs and strengthening technical knowledge, particularly in developing countries. We emphasize that governments bear the primary responsibility and must have strong national ownership to ensure full and effective implementation. In conclusion, we affirm the sovereign right of states to acquire conventional weapons for their legitimate defense needs. Thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative of Algeria for his statement. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Thailand.

Chair, Thailand aligns itself with the NAM and ASEAN statement. Thailand has long been a consistent advocate of humanitarian disarmament. Our approach is anchored in international law, in particular international humanitarian law and the Geneva Conventions, and in a conviction that transparency and accountability are the foundation of trust among states. As conventional weapons grow more lethal and the norms governing them come under strain, this principle matter even more. First, reaffirm its state for us commitment to the anti-personal mine ban convention. Universal adherence and full compliance by all states parties are vital to preserving its integrity. Having cleared more than 99.5 of its mild contaminated areas, Taiwan remains committed to completing clearance, supporting survivors, and assisting affected communities. As a member of the Committee on the Enhancement of Cooperation and Assistance, we stand ready to share our experience in clearance, risk education, and victim assistance, and to deepen international cooperation. Second, the illicit trade in small arms and light weapons continues to fuel armed conflict, organized crime, and gender-based violence, and undermine sustainable development. Thailand welcomes the outcome of document of the nine biennial meeting of states. Thailand remain fully committed to implement of the plan of action and the international tracing instrument. We will continue to strengthen our domestic regulatory framework and law. to prevent the illicit trade and diversion. I reiterate our support for the global framework for through-life conventional ammunition management. Third, emerging technology must adhere strictly to the international law and humanitarian principles. Thailand shares deep concerns regarding military application of AI and lethal autonomous weapon systems. Human control and judgment must be maintained over the use of force in full compliance with distinction, proportionality, and precaution. Thailand welcomes the work of the Group of Governmental Experts on Laws and will be on its discussion in future deliberations. Chair, Thailand will continue to work constructively with our partner. to protect civilians, uphold international law, and build a safer and more peaceful world for future generations. I thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative of Thailand for her statement. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Portugal.

Chair. Portugal aligns itself with the statement delivered by the European Union and wishes to make a few remarks in its national capacity. Although weapons of mass destruction have greater destructive potential, conventional weapons account for most armed violence worldwide. This underscores the importance of strengthening arms exports control while fostering cooperation to combat illicit trafficking. We must also pay greater attention to the impact that new and emerging technologies, from 3D printing to polymer material, from modular weapons to autonomous systems, are having on the complexity of small arms and light weapons. Portugal calls for the universalization of the CCW and its protocols, the CCM, the ATT, and the Ottawa Convention. We also encourage states to endorse the WEIPA declaration and the political declaration on REAIM. Chair, allow me to highlight three points. First, Portugal congratulates Lao PDR on the successful third refcom of the CCM and the adoption of the VNCN action plan and declaration. Second, in the CCM framework, Portugal welcomes the adoption by consensus of the GGE Los final report under the leadership of the Netherlands, providing that multilateralism can deliver. Building on this political momentum, the next step is to adopt an ambitious negotiating mandate. Third, Portugal emphasizes that reporting under the ATT, CCM, CCW, UNPOA, UNSWAL, UNROCA, and the GFA on ammunition management, strengthens transparency, confidence, and accountability. Chair, beyond these multilateral frameworks, Portugal shares its expertise in conventional weapons control with the community of Portuguese-speaking countries through police cooperation programs, providing specialized training and technical assistance. We also contribute to financial instruments, such as the United Nations Trust Facility supporting cooperation and arms regulation, and we call on other countries to consider doing so too. To conclude, conventional disarmament is a pillar of peace and international security. Its effective implementation remains essential to reducing human suffering. I thank you, Chair.

I thank the distinguished representative of Portugal for his statement. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of New Zealand.

Thank you, Chair. Further to the joint Cannes statement, we provide the following remarks in our national capacity. We know that too often those least responsible for conflict bear its heaviest costs. Recent and ongoing conflicts continue to impose this unacceptable harm on civilians and communities at alarming levels. As part of this, we see increased use of weapons that are indiscriminate or highly prone to indiscriminate effect, such as anti-personnel mines and cluster munitions. We also see the reduction of global funding available to respond to the long-term harm they cause. This risks eroding humanitarian norms we have worked so hard to cement. We must strengthen our shared resolve in the face of these challenges to uphold international law, including international humanitarian law, and strengthen the protection of civilians. Chair, we call upon all States to weapons law conventions to comply fully with their obligations. Through these treaties, we have committed to save lives and prevent unnecessary suffering. New Zealand remains firmly committed to advancing global efforts to reduce the harm caused by conventional weapons. This includes our obligations under the Arms Trade Treaty, the Anti-Personnel Mine Ban Convention, the Convention on Cluster Munitions, and the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons, as well as our commitment through the Political Declaration on Explosive Weapons in Populated Areas. We also call on States to engage in open multilateral discussions to address the humanitarian harms caused by military devices with incendiary effects and mines other than anti-personnel mines. Finally, we are pleased to again be a sponsor of the resolution on autonomous weapons systems, which points to the important decision before the review conference next month. New Zealand calls on all high contracting parties to the CCW to engage constructively in this process. It is time to move to negotiation of an effective, legally binding instrument, building on the consensus set of elements adopted recently. And we look forward to engaging towards this objective. I thank you, Chair.

I thank the distinguished representative of New Zealand for his statement. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Pakistan.

Thank you, Chair. SSO D.1 recognized the limitation of conventional armaments as a central pillar of general and complete disarmament and assigned states with the largest military arsenals a special responsibility.

To lead.

We are witnessing the opposite. Global military spending has risen for the 11th consecutive year. Advanced weaponry continues to flow into regions of tension, prolonging conflicts, and in some cases, enabling grave violations of international humanitarian law by the occupying powers.

What meaning do export criteria hold when their application remains hostage to political and commercial interests?

South Asia illustrates the consequences. unrestrained transfers of advanced weaponry to one state have deepened conventional asymmetries, emboldening it to pursue aggressive doctrines.

Chair, Pakistan neither seeks nor is engaged in an arms race.

Our proposals for conventional force balance and arms control at the regional and subregional levels remain on the table. As a party to the CCW and all its protocols, Pakistan remains fully compliant with their provisions.

The CCW balances humanitarian concerns with legitimate security interests and remain the most.

Appropriate forum to address emerging challenges, including IEDs. The recent withdrawals of several states.

From the Anti-Personnel Mine Ban Convention, citing security imperatives, reinforce what Pakistan has long maintained.

Durable arms, durable norms must reflect legitimate defense needs. As the GGE on laws successfully concluded.

Its work, the seventh review conference should launch negotiations on a legal instrument containing prohibitions and regulations, which also addresses implications for global and regional stability. Pakistan remains committed.

To the UN program of action on small arms and light weapons and call for its effective implementation and international cooperation.

We firmly believe that the issue of illicit.

Small arms and light weapons should be addressed comprehensively and in a balanced manner.

We remain seriously concerned about the presence of stockpiles of sophisticated.

Arms and ammunition in Afghanistan, as also noted in the findings of the Secretary General's reports. These weapons pose a direct threat to neighboring countries, including Pakistan.

We urge stronger international efforts to prevent access of illicit arms.

To armed terrorists and proscribed groups in Afghanistan.

Chair, the promise of SSOD remains unrealized, not because its goals were misplaced, but because political will has faltered.

It is time to rebalance global priorities. I thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative of Pakistan for his statement. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Cuba.

We support the statement of Indonesia on behalf of the Non-Aligned Movement. We reiterate our commitment to the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons and the protocols to which we're a party. We also reiterate our commitment to the implementation of the Program of Action of the United Nations to prevent, combat, and eliminate the illicit traffic of small arms and light weapons in all its aspects as an international benchmark in the area. We reaffirm the full validity and relevance of the international instrument to allow states to identify and trace in a reliable way small arms and light weapons. Cuba supports the global framework on through-life management of conventional munitions, based on our firm commitment to the prevention and combating illicit trafficking of munitions and strict compliance with our national legislation and international obligations that we have taken on in this area. We also advocate for the adoption as soon as possible of a legally binding international instrument in the framework of the United Nations that prohibits lethal autonomous weapons systems, those whose critical functions are carried out without the intervention of a human operator, an instrument that regulates the use of those systems that, at least in their critical functions, do require the intervention of a human operator, Mr. Chairman. Global standards persist in the area of disarmament, while some producers continue transferring conventional weapons to non-state actors that are non-authorized and divert them to the illicit market. They tried to hinder developing countries acquiring and employing these weapons for the purpose of legitimate defense in conformity with Article 51 of the UN Charter. At the same time, they continue to develop conventional weapons that are increasingly more strategic, sophisticated, and lethal, while the imbalance between the production, possession, and commerce of these weapons continues to deepen. We maintain our position regarding the Arms Trade Treaty. This establishes parameters that are easy to manipulate for the approval or denial of arms transfers to member states. It is urgent to put an end to illegal transfers and diversion of small arms and light weapons to non-state, non-authorized actors, which is the main source of illicit trafficking. We must address the socioeconomic causes of this scourge, including through cooperation and assistance to States that need it. Thank you very much.

I thank the distinguished representative of Cuba for her statement. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Indonesia.

Thank you, Chair. Indonesia aligns itself with the statement delivered on behalf of the Non-Aligned Movement and ASEAN, and wishes to add the following in its national capacity. Conventional weapons cause human suffering, harm civilians, and fuel armed conflicts. Their consequences often outlast the fighting and increasing the risk of renewed violence. For Indonesia, conventional arms control must serve both humanitarian objective and the broader goal of sustaining peace. Such commitment is also reflected in Indonesia's candidature for membership of the Organizational Committee of the Peacebuilding Commission for 2027-2028. We hope to bring our experience in peacekeeping and nationally-led peacebuilding to the Commission's work. Allow me to highlight two priorities. First, we must protect civilians and uphold humanitarian disarmament norms. Indonesia urged greater restraint, accountability, and practical measures to prevent civilian harm and damage to civilian infrastructure, including from explosive weapons in populated areas. We regret recent withdrawals from the Anti-Personnel Mine Ban Convention and Convention on Cluster Munitions. We encourage states to join or rejoin these instruments and to avoid further setbacks in their universalization. Emerging technologies and weapon systems also demand attention. Growing autonomy in such systems demands meaningful human judgment and control, clear accountability for the use of force, and compliance with international law, including international humanitarian law. Indonesia supports a robust, legally binding instrument on laws, building on the work of the CCW Group of Governmental Experts through an inclusive process. Second, we must prevent illicit weapons from perpetuating conflicts. Indonesia supports the effective implementation of the UN Programme of Action and the International Tracing Instrument. Following the ninth biennial meeting of states in June 2026, priorities should include marking, record keeping, tracing, stockpile management, transfer and brokering controls, as well as destruction of illicit weapons supported by information sharing and technical assistance. These efforts must respect states' legitimate security needs and sovereign rights for lawful defense. They should also advance nationally-owned disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration to prevent renewed conflict. Chair, Indonesia stands ready to work with all delegations to protect civilians, strengthen conventional arms control, and build lasting peace. I thank you, Chair.

I thank the distinguished representative of Indonesia for his statement. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Mexico.

Mexico considers it extremely important that discussions on conventional weapons are focused on the protection of people and prevention of human suffering. Small arms and light weapons are responsible for a significant share of violent deaths around the world. Their trafficking and diversion fuel conflicts, perpetuate violence, and strengthen transnational organized crime, with devastating consequences for communities. Preventing these phenomena represents a shared responsibility that requires greater national controls, international cooperation, and exchange of information. However, it also requires greater accountability of the producing states, exporting states, and importing states, and in particular, the businesses that produce weapons, whose their responsibility cannot end with the sale of their products. We must strengthen traceability and control throughout the lifecycle of arms and munitions. With regard to lethal autonomous weapons systems, we acknowledge the elements adopted by consensus and by the group of government experts regarding, in particular, regulatory measures based on control and human judgment. Mexico reiterates the urgency negotiating a legally binding instrument and establishing clear regulations and prohibitions. We also consider that the humanitarian consequences of the use of incendiary weapons require greater international attention, in particular given the suffering that they cause to the civilian population. Mr. Chairman, Mexico expresses its profound concern regarding the weakening of humanitarian disarmament instruments. As a member of the core group that promoted the Convention on Anti-Personal Mines and Cluster Munitions Conventions, we regret the recent withdrawals that threaten decades of humanitarian advances. We reiterate our urging states involved to reconsider their decisions. Also, regarding the notification on the suspension of the Convention on Anti-Personal Mines by one of the States parties. Mexico would like to state clearly that the instrument does not envision such a measure and the obligations of the convention must be fulfilled fully even during armed conflicts. Lastly, we welcome the recent decision of South Sudan, Nigeria, and Vanuatu to join the convention on cluster munitions as well as the ratification of the convention on anti-personal mines by Lebanon. Thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative of Mexico for his statement. I now give the floor to the distinguished Permanent Representative of Spain to the Conference of Disarmament.

Thank you very much, Mr. Chairman. Spain endorses the statement of the European Union and would like to add the following comments in our national capacity. current conflicts, and in particular, the war of aggression of Russia against Ukraine, demonstrate the need to preserve and strengthen norms of humanitarian disarmament. We support the Convention on the Prohibition of Anti-Personnel Mines and the Convention on Cluster Munitions. We must preserve their integrity, promote their universalization, and fully comply with their obligations. We applaud the adoption in Vientiane of the of the plan of action. We support humanitarian action against the mines and other explosive devices, especially with a particular focus on victims such as women and children. Spain welcomes the adoption. We also support these efforts. Mr. Chairman, we welcome the adoption of the final report of the Group of Governmental Experts on Lethal Autonomous Weapon Systems. We are working to make sure that the seventh review conference on certain conventional weapons adopts a negotiating mandate that is ambitious, that makes it possible to progress in this area without prejudging the nature of the results to regarding effective norms. We are in favor of responsible governance of artificial intelligence in the military sphere with the need for confidence-building measures as well as cooperation and capacity building. Mr. Chairman, we reaffirm our support for Arms Trade Treaty, its universalization, full implementation in the area of small arms and light weapons. support the effective implementation of the Programme of Action and the International Tracing Instrument. The results of the ninth biennial meeting of States must lead to better control throughout the life of these weapons, tracing, registration, that are effective and a coordinated response in the face of modular weapons, polymer components, and the illicit manufacture using 3D printing. Mosaic offers a valuable practical guide for this. Lastly, we must continue working to better understand the impact of illicit trafficking of small arms and light weapons on women and girls, and in particular, in the framework of increase in sexual and gender-based violence. Thank you very much.

I thank the distinguished representative of Spain for her statement. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Myanmar.

Thank you, Mr. Chair. Myanmar aligns itself with the statement of ASEAN and Mr. Chair, conventional weapons, including small arms, light weapons, and their ammunitions are the leading cause of violence death globally in conflict and non-conflict settings. Their accusations, transfer, and diversions to malicious actors, including dictators, terrorists, and transnational criminal syndicates often drive and conflict, prolong more violence against civilians, and destroy the fabric of peaceful societies. Member states have the sovereign right to acquire and transfer conventional weapons for our self-defense. At the same time, we are of the view that the decision pertaining to arms transfer should be governed by the adherence to the international humanitarian law and international human law to prevent their misuse against civilians. In this regard, member states exporting arms and weapons should thoroughly assess whether such transfer serve the purpose of legitimate self-defense or perpetuating overall civilian harm. Unfortunately, in my country, Myanmar, the transfer of weapons by some member states to the military junta is contributing to exacerbating violence, human rights abuses, and atrocities against civilians. Over 8,500 people have been brutally killed by the military junta since the coup in 2021. As documented by the GA Resolution 80/221, adopted without a vote last year, continued access to arms from abroad increased the ability of the military junta to commit serious violations of IHRL and IHL, including attacks against civilians and civilian objects in Myanmar. It is crystal clear that the accusations of weapons by the military hunter is exclusively reserved for deliberate and targeted attacks against its own people, including women and children. Mr. Chair, there is a widespread perception and growing sentiment among our people that the export, sales, and transport of arms and weapons from some member state to the military hunter is equivalent to willfully endorsing its war crimes and crimes against humanity. Therefore, on behalf of the people of Myanmar, I appeal to the international community to enforce a global arms embargo on the military junta and prevent the further flow of jet fuel, other dual-use items, and related technology to the junta to save the life of the people of Myanmar. I thank you.

I thank the distinguished permanent representative of Myanmar for his statement. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Saudi Arabia.

Thank you, Mr. Chair. We align ourselves with the statements delivered by the Arab Group and the NAM. I would like to make the following statement in my national capacity. First, we attach special importance to upholding relevant international treaties we have joined. We underscore the importance of taking effective measures to prevent the illicit trade in small arms and light weapons and ensure that these weapons do not fall in the hands of terrorists and illegitimate weapons that threaten national, regional, and international security. Second, we welcome international efforts to elaborate voluntary and effective measures and norms to regulate trade in conventional weapons. These norms must include combating trade in illicit weapons. They must not restrict the right of states to acquire weapons to meet their defense needs and their national security. Third, it's important not to conflate the UN POA on small arms and light weapons with conventional ammunitions. These are two separate tracks. In addition, the POA must not be linked to any other international instrument that does not enjoy international consensus. Managing conventional weapons is a national security issue. subject to principle of national sovereignty and the priorities and initiatives of member states, as well as voluntary initiatives that meet the priorities of each country. We renew our commitment to implementing relevant Security Council resolutions that prohibit arms transfers to conflict zones. Competent authorities issue relevant instructions and take required measures to ensure the full implementation. Fourth, the unlawful use of modern technology, mainly unregulated 3D printing, is a growing challenge for the international community. This facilitates the production of weapons using non-conventional materials beyond control. We underscore the importance of strengthening international cooperation in the transfer of defense technologies and exchange of expertise, thus ensuring peaceful and responsible use. In conclusion, we strongly condemn the ongoing terrorist Houthi attacks on civilian and economic objects in the Kingdom and Yemen using ballistic missiles and We condemn the repeated planting by terrorists of mines across Yemen. We pursue our mine clearance programme in Yemen. Thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative of Saudi Arabia for his statement. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Greece.

Thank you, Mr. Chair. Greece fully aligns with the statement delivered by the EU and would like to contribute a few remarks in our national capacity. My country remains fully committed to the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons that, together with its protocols, sets the framework on compliance of military practice with international humanitarian law. The Convention should remain the principal forum for discussions on lethal autonomous weapons systems. We welcome progress within its Group of Governmental Experts towards elements of an instrument without prejudging its nature and other possible measures in the area of laws. We express the hope that the CCW 7th Review Conference will agree on an ambitious negotiating mandate on laws. Also, we support voluntary guidelines for responsible military use of artificial intelligence. Mr. Chair, the use of explosive weapons in populated areas disproportionately affects civilians, in particular children, and civilian infrastructure. In this regard, we support the political declaration of WEPA, adopted in Dublin in 2022, which provides a framework for preventing and mitigating civilian harm by these weapons. Recent developments on manufacturing of armed UAVs with commercial parts and components have significantly altered the nature of armed conflict. We support further multilateral exchanges on challenges regarding increased production, acquisition, transfers and use of UAVs. Greece is alarmed by the threat posed by the diversion, illicit trafficking and misuse of small arms and and light weapons and their ammunition. We remain committed to the full implementation of the UN Programme of Action. We also support the Global Framework on Through-Life Conventional Ammunition Management aimed at preventing diversion and unintended explosions. The Arms Trade Treaty constitutes an indispensable tool for curtailing the illicit trade of conventional weapons. We call on all States to ratify or accede to the Treaty without further delay, and on the Parties to comply with their obligations. To conclude, Greece stands ready to continue working for the strengthening of all key conventional arms control instruments.

Thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative of Greece for his statement. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Mali.

My delegation endorses the statement delivered on behalf of the NAM and the statement on behalf of the African group. Ladies and gentlemen, the illicit circulation of small arms and light weapons continue to cause bereavement, destabilization, and they impede economic and social development of several states in West Africa, in particular in the Central Sahel. This scourge has reached an unprecedented scale with the intervention of NATO in Libya in 2011. This led to uncontrollable trafficking, illicit trafficking of small arms in the Sahel, and led them to become a real threat to regional and international peace and security. On the ground, what this meant was the resurgent of criminal groups, in particular terrorist groups and all types of traffickers. These groups have carried out indiscriminate attacks against populations, against civilian infrastructure, and they engaged in transnational organized crime. In addition to the human cost, which is heavy, the proliferation of small arms fuel destabilizing conflicts in states and compromise sustainable development. To confront this challenge, the Republic of Mali is working at the national level to strengthen legal measures and regulatory measures on ammunition and on weapons. And we've also created mechanisms to bring on board international commitments my country has signed on to. When it comes to counterterrorism, the government of Mali is working to bolster the capacity of its defense and security forces in terms of their equipment, training, and operational capacity. This push has allowed the armed forces and the security forces of Mali to achieve significant successes against terrorist groups. In particular, we've neutralized several terrorist elements. We've destroyed their bases, arrested or held accountable several of them or their accomplices as well, and we've seized ammunitions and weapons in large quantities. In terms of regional cooperation, Burkina Faso, Mali, and Niger, in the context of the Alliance of Sahel States, have engaged in a coordinated combat to eradicate terrorism in all its forms and manifestations in our common space. And we would like to hail here the results achieved by the defense and security forces of the Alliance of Sahel States. In closing, on behalf of the government of Mali, I would like to extend our gratitude to all of our partners who have continued to stand side by side with us as we battle for peace and stability for the exclusive benefit of our populations. Thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative of Mali for his statement. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Dominican Republic.

Thank you, Chair. The Dominican Republic is grateful for the opportunity to participate in this debate and reaffirms its commitment to strengthening multilateral instruments aimed at preventing illicit traffic and diversion of conventional weapons. For our country, the issue of small arms and light weapons is of particular importance, and their munitions as well. Their illicit traffic continues to fuel armed violence, organized crime, and other threats to security. Dominican Republic considers it fundamental to strengthen the implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action on Small Arms and Light Weapons and the International Tracing Instrument by modernizing systems of tracing, registering, marking, and control, the use of new technologies to improve traceability, and strengthening international cooperation to prevent diversion of arms towards illicit markets, including the risks associated with 3D printing and other emerging technologies. Likewise, we considered fundamental addressing challenges represented by lethal autonomous weapons systems, promoting dialogue and multilateral cooperation to ensure that the use of force remains under appropriate human control. We value the results of the Ninth Biennial Meeting of States on the Programme of Action, in particular efforts aimed at strengthening international cooperation and assistance for capacity building. Mr. Chairman, the Dominican Republic also recognizes the importance of the Arms Trade Treaty as a fundamental instrument to promote responsible international arms transfers and prevent weapons from ending up in the arms of non-authorized actors or illicit markets. Also, we believe it's necessary to continue making progress in secure through-life management of munitions, starting with production, stockpiling, transport, transfer, and final disposal for the purpose of reducing risks of diversion and unplanned explosions. Regional and international cooperation must remain at the heart of all these efforts for the countries of the Caribbean and Central America. Strengthening institutional capacities and exchange of information and cooperation among authorities are essential instruments to confront cross-border trafficking of weapons and munitions. Lastly, Dominican Republic will continue supporting practical measures that are balanced and based on international law that respect the legitimate security needs of states, while at the same time strengthening the prevention of illicit trafficking and diversion of arms. Thank you very much.

I thank the distinguished representative of Dominican Republic for his statement. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of the United States.

Thank you, Chair. The United States remains firmly committed to addressing the challenges to international peace and security related to conventional weapons. Today, we want to highlight areas where meaningful progress is being made with American assistance and leadership. Chair, on the subject of lethal autonomous weapons systems or laws, we warmly welcome the successful completion of the 2024 to 2026 mandate of the group of governmental experts convened under the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons. The group's success was not a foregone conclusion. The issues around laws are complicated, and finding common ground was challenging. And yet the significant substantive report adopted by consensus demonstrates the value of the CCW process on laws, which use legal, military, technical, and policy expertise to build an extensive body of work. The United States remains committed to building on our recent momentum and looks forward to the seventh review conference in November, where parties to the CCW can adopt a mandate for future work on laws. Chair, the United States is deeply concerned about the flow of unsecured conventional weapons from state-held stockpiles to the criminals, traffickers, and terrorists who threaten American citizens and U.S. interests abroad. We are particularly concerned by the role of corruption and weak governance that facilitates this diversion, and we call on all states to confront these issues directly. The United States remains the world's largest supporter of conventional weapons destruction. Last year alone, we provided more than $385 million towards this effort. In the Caribbean and Western Hemisphere, our assistance is closing the pipeline from state-held stockpiles that fuels the violence, illegal migration, and trafficking that ends up threatening the American homeland. Our assistance to clear U.S.-origin unexploded ordnance in Laos, Vietnam, and Cambodia shows our commitment to making communities safer and more prosperous. U.S. assistance has also developed Ukraine's capacity to manage unexploded ordnance clearance sustainably, opening land for infrastructure and agricultural development. Chair, while we are proud of the achievements made with U.S. support, we view it as a bridge to partner countries securing their own weapons and clearing their own land with their own resources. We call on other donor states to match our level of engagement and on affected States to take ownership of problems rather than treat international assistance as an entitlement. The United States remains ready to work with partners who share this commitment to effectiveness, accountability, and national ownership. Thank you, Chair.

I thank the distinguished representative of the United States for his statement. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of the United Kingdom.

Chair, we meet at a time when the international security architecture is under growing pressure. The devastating human impact of armed conflict underscores the importance of upholding international humanitarian law and strengthening the frameworks governing conventional weapons. The daily suffering we witness in Ukraine, Gaza, Sudan, and elsewhere is a sobering reminder that effective conventional arms control is not an abstract endeavor. It has and should continue to save lives, support stability, and strengthen our shared security. This year, the United Kingdom is proud to assume the presidency of the Arms Trade Treaty. The ATT is the cornerstone of international efforts to promote responsible arms transfers, prevent diversion, and reduce human suffering. Our presidency will focus on strengthening implementation and developing the treaty's first five-year strategy, setting clearer direction, broadening participation, and demonstrating impact. The United Kingdom is encouraged that the GGE on laws reached consensus on a set of elements of a future instrument and other possible measures. The seventh CCW Review Conference should build on this progress by agreeing a substantive mandate to take this work forward. Our commitment to reducing the humanitarian impact of conventional weapons is steadfast. The United Kingdom continues to be a strong supporter of the Anti-Personnel Mine Ban Convention and the Convention on Cluster Munitions. Through our global Mine Action Programme, we remain a leading donor to mine action, saving lives, rebuilding communities and creating economic opportunity. At a time of growing pressure on the international arms control architecture, we must preserve and strengthen the norms and institutions that help protect civilians, reduce suffering, and support international peace and security. Through our ATT presidency and across humanitarian arms control, the United Kingdom will continue to work with partners to uphold IHL and advance their shared security. Thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative of the United Kingdom for her statement. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Turkey.

Thank you, Mr. Chair. Turkey attaches high priority to strengthening international cooperation in the field of conventional weapons and to promoting greater responsibility and transparency in international arms transfers. We reaffirm our unwavering commitment to the comprehensive implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action on Small Arms and Light Weapons, together with the International Tracing Instrument. We regard the Arms Trade Treaty as an important instrument for fostering responsible arms transfers and enhancing transparency. As a member of all major export control regimes, Turkey maintains a robust and comprehensive national export control system and regularly submits arms transfer reports to the international bodies, including UNOROC. Turkey remains firmly committed to the fight against terrorism. and to strengthen international cooperation in this field. We urge all relevant stakeholders to take concrete and effective measures to prevent the diversion of arms, ammunition and related materials to terrorist organizations and other unauthorized recipients. Mr. Chair, the rapid evolution and expansion of military applications of emerging technologies, particularly artificial intelligence, are increasingly gaining strategic importance. Maintaining human control, together with accountability, transparency and the international legal responsibility of states remain core priorities for Turkey. We welcome the adoption by consensus of the final report of the Group of Governmental Experts on Laws, which contains a set of elements of an instrument without prejudging its nature and other possible measures. The Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons with its technical expertise, remains the appropriate forum for continuing our collective work on laws in the next mandate cycle. At a time of growing international security challenges, sustained cooperation and effective multilateralism remain indispensable. Turkiye stands ready to continue contributing constructively to efforts aimed at strengthening responsible conventional arms control and reducing the risks arising from illicit diversion and misuse.

I thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative of Turkiye for her statement. The representative of Turkiye was the last speaker on my list for this morning. I now give the floor to the Secretary for an announcement.

Delegates may kindly note that the side event will be held in this conference room at 1:15, being organized by UNIDIR and co-hosted by Pakistan and Switzerland on the forum launch of UNIDIR's Center of Excellence on Artificial Intelligence, Peace and Security.

Thank you for your attention.

I thank the Secretary for his announcement. Distinguished delegates, we have exhausted the time available for this meeting. The Committee will reconvene this afternoon at 3:00 p.m. sharp in this conference room, when we will continue our thematic discussion under the cluster on conventional weapons. The meeting is adjourned.