Third Committee, 31st plenary meeting - General Assembly, 80th session General Assembly Date: 29 October 2025 Language: English Transcript: https://transcripts.un.org/en/ga/c3/80/31 Transcripts available through this tool are created by using automatic speech recognition and are not official records nor official documents of the United Nations. Official records and official documents are available on the Official Document System of the United Nations. --- 3rd Committee · Chair [0:00]: Good morning. The 31st meeting of the Third Committee at the 80th session of the General Assembly is called to order. I now invite the Committee to continue its consideration of agenda item 71, entitled "Promotion and protection of human rights." and its sub-item A to D. I now welcome the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Ms. Elizabeth Simon. Participants wishing to make comments and pose questions to the speaker are invited at this time to press their microphone button within the next three minutes, after which the list will be closed. The time limit for each speaker will be announced before the floor is given to the first speaker. I thank you for your cooperation. I now invite the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea to make an introductory statement. You have the floor, Ms. Song. UN · Special Rapporteur [1:30]: Mr. Chair, Excellencies, distinguished delegates, and ladies and gentlemen, I am deeply honored to present my third report to this third committee. Today, I wish to provide an update on the human rights situation in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, DPRK, and highlight the state's human rights violation occurring beyond its borders. While the DPRK has permitted entry to some diplomatic staff and embassies, international humanitarian organizations have not been allowed to return since the COVID-19-related border closure. Access to food, health, water, and sanitation remains limited. The isolation of the population from the outside world has never been at this level. I again urge the DPRK to allow entry to the United Nations country team and humanitarian organizations to improve access to necessary aid and provide a space for its people for the realization of human rights. While the international community has typically focused on human rights in the DPRK, the human rights violations perpetrated by the state extends well beyond its borders. It follows a pattern of extraterritorial repressive practice that include international abductions, and forced disappearances, forced labor, the deployment of soldiers, cyber attacks, and transnational repression. This year marked the 75th anniversary of the start of the Korean War. In addition to these forcibly disappeared inside the DPRK, the state has historically abducted foreign nationals overseas and engaged in enforced disappearances before and after the Korean War as labor for their intelligence activities. As separated families continue to age, it is imperative that the victims of enforced disappearances be reunited with their loved ones. The DPRK's system of forced labor represents a further breach of human rights beyond its borders. Nationals are deployed overseas to work in poor conditions, required to meet harsh financial quotas imposed by the state. More than 100,000 workers reportedly remain in nearly 40 countries despite international sanctions. Women forcibly repatriated from other countries are also subject to forced labor in detention facilities to generate foreign currency. Furthermore, over 12,000 DPRK military personnel have reportedly been deployed to the Russian Federation under a mutual defense treaty in the context of Russia's invasion of Ukraine. Prior to the deployment, conscripted soldiers who have no right to conscientious objection experience malnutrition, persistent health issues, and forced labor. and are not allowed to contact their families for years. Reports suggest that they have been instructed to commit suicide to avoid capture. I reiterate that DPRK prisoners of war captured by Ukraine should be given information on options and risks to make decisions of their own free will. Mr. Chair, The DPRK has been increasingly carrying out a wide range of cyber attacks, mainly to generate revenue through illicit activities, to disturb institutions of certain states, and to obtain foreign intelligence. Apart from cyber threat operators, there are reportedly thousands of IT workers outside and inside the DPRK who together generate millions of dollars. These IT workers and cyber threat operators are educated, trained, dispatched, managed, and controlled in a large labor system of the DPRK designed to serve the state. Finally, I commend the courage of thousands of victim survivors who have escaped DPRK and resettled abroad. They live with the anguish of knowing that the government continues to closely monitor and retaliate against their families in the DPRK. Some are victims of hacking and hacking attempts. I met with female escapees in the Republic of Korea who have come together to produce reports on women's rights in the DPRK. It is these individual voices whose I hope to amplify. I urge the DPRK to allow them to shape the future of their country. Excellencies, transnational repression serves its leadership by generating revenue and silencing dissent. Instead of meeting its people's basic human rights, revenues are used to further militarize the country, disproportionately affecting the most vulnerable. The consequences of transnational human rights violations are serious and long-lasting. I urge the international community to keep human rights at the center of every possible negotiation and interaction with the DPRK. I call on the General Assembly to continue to elevate the voices of victims and escapees. I encourage the international community to continue to support civil society organizations advancing human rights and humanitarian assistance for people in the DPRK and to pursue justice for victims survivors through a range of accountability mechanisms. The continued collaboration of all of us rallied behind the courageous voices of victims survivors is the path forward to securing human rights for the people of the DPRK. Thank you for your attention. 3rd Committee · Chair [8:08]: I thank the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea. I will now open the floor for questions or comments to Ms. Seomun. As per past practice, I ask delegations to limit their comments to two minutes. I thank you for your kind cooperation. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, followed by Japan, then Cuba. You have the floor, sir. Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) · Group of Friends in Defense of the Charter of the United Nations [8:49]: Thank you. It's an honor for Venezuela to take the floor on behalf of the Group of Friends in Defense of the Charter of the United Nations. The presentation of country-specific resolutions without the consent of the state concerned goes against the principles of impartiality, objectivity, transparency, non-selectivity, non-politicization, and non-confrontation, as well as the Charter of the UN. We express our firm and principled rejection to all kinds of double standards that undermine the true spirit of promoting and defending human rights while preventing a harmonious environment and progress in this field. We express our serious concern at the continued and growing proliferation of mechanisms and procedures that pretend to make impartial assessments, supposedly, of the human rights situation in certain states that lack not only a due consent but also base their reports on secondary, tertiary or other sources that may be partial or lack credibility, which ends up turning such documents into mere propaganda pamphlets while granting them a purported legitimacy simply because of the fact that they are issued by the UN. We reject the Security Council's ongoing practice of dealing with issues beyond its mandate. including by addressing human rights issues in pursuit of certain political objectives. The continuation of this practice infringes upon the spirit that must guide the higher ideals in favour of the genuine promotion and protection of human rights. Our group has insisted that the illegal and immoral application of unilateral coercive measures has a negative impact on the enjoyment and realization of all human rights, including the right to development, life, food, health, and peace of our peoples. We strongly urge states to refrain from promulgating and applying and to lift any unilateral economic, financial, or trade coercive measures that impede the full achievement of economic and social development, particularly but not exclusively against developing countries. To conclude, the group calls for an end to the politicization of human rights and considers that the best and only way to strengthen and guarantee the full and effective realization of the human rights pillar of our organization is to strengthen multilateralism while strictly adhering to all the principles referred to previously. Thank you, Chair. 3rd Committee · Chair [11:26]: I thank the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela on behalf of a group of friends in defense of the Charter of the United Nations. And I will give the floor to Japan, to be followed by Cuba, and then the Islamic Republic of Iran. You have the floor, Japan. Japan [11:46]: Thank you, Mr. Chair. Japan expresses its respect for the work of the SR and reiterates its deep concern about the human rights situation in North Korea. In particular, the issue of the abductions by North Korea is a universal issue that concerns the entire international community as it constitutes a violation of fundamental human rights. This is also a humanitarian issue that must be resolved as soon as possible as the abductees and their families continue to age. Considering the tremendous suffering that they have endured over the years, there is no time to spare. We are grateful that SR has once again addressed this issue in her recent report. We continue to count on the understanding and cooperation of the SR and international community toward the realization of the immediate return of all abductees. This year, both the OHCHR report and the high-level plenary meeting have highlighted the need for the urgent action, including on the abduction issue. North Korea should realize not only the immediate resolution of the abduction issue, but also denuclearization. in accordance with the relevant Security Council resolutions and redirect its resources allocated for nuclear and missile development toward the welfare of its people. Japan will continue to fully cooperate with the vital mandate of the SRO. Thank you. 3rd Committee · Chair [13:29]: I thank Japan, and I'll give the floor to Cuba, to be followed by the Islamic Republic of Iran, and then Republic of Korea. Cuba, you have the floor. Cuba [13:41]: Chair, the punitive actions against developing countries are contrary to the spirit of cooperation and dialogue that should prevail when we tackle the issue of human rights. No country is without challenges in this field. Cuba does not support politically motivated mandates which do not have the support of the country concerned. are the fruit of discriminatory practices that, far from contributing to moving us forward in the field of human rights, rather escalate political confrontation and lack of trust. We reiterate our concern about the path that has been chosen regarding the Democratic People's Republic of Korea. We oppose the actions that seek to impose penalties and sanctions through Security Council bodies. mandate of which is separate from human rights, once again we are taking the path of punishment which will inevitably lead to failure. We should focus on respectful dialogue with the Democratic People's Republic of Korea. The principles of objectivity, impartiality and non-selectivity the ideal route by which to move forward in promoting and protecting human rights. Thank you. 3rd Committee · Chair [15:10]: Thank you, Hubert. I now give the floor to the Islamic Republic of Iran, to be followed by Republic of Korea and then Australia. Islamic Republic of Iran, you have the floor. Iran (Islamic Republic of) [15:23]: Thank you, Mr. Chair. Iran aligns its position with the statement delivered by Venezuela on behalf of the Group of Friends in Defense of the UN Charter. Based on our principled position, the Islamic Republic of Iran firmly believes that the continuation of the practice of selective adoption of country-specific mandates in the Third Committee of the General Assembly and exploitation of this august platform for political pursuits contradict the principles of universality, non-selectivity, impartiality and objectivity in addressing human rights issues. This undermines the credibility of the Third Committee and the GA as a whole. We urge all States to refrain from exploiting this platform to pursue their own political agendas. We urge this august body to consider the UN liquidity crisis seriously and avoid proliferating unconstructive, selective and parallel mechanisms on the situation of human rights in the UN sovereign States, such as the DPRK. We maintain that such politically motivated attempts to stigmatize certain countries undermine cooperation and dialogue as essential principles for promoting and protecting human rights. Any UN reporting mechanism must be based on professionalism, justice, and non-discrimination and non-politicization, which relies on accurate and reliable information. Therefore, Iran reiterates its full support for the UPR mechanism of the Human Rights Council in an attempt to ensure that all States are treated equally. We urge the United States to lift any unilateral coercive measures against the UN Member States, in particular the DPRK, which such illegal measures violate the goals and purposes of the UN Charter as well as international law, including human rights law. I thank you, Mr. Chair. 3rd Committee · Chair [17:10]: I thank the Islamic Republic of Iran, and I'll give the floor to the Republic of Korea, followed by Australia, and then Vietnam. You have the floor, Republic of Korea. Republic of Korea [17:20]: Thank you, Mr. Chair. The Republic of Korea expresses its appreciation for the Special Rapporteur's report and her tireless dedication. My delegation notes with interest the transnational dimension of the Special Rapporteur's report, in particular with regard to the issues of international abductions and enforced and disappearances. We echo the recommendation made by the Special Rapporteur, which calls for the DPRK to allow communication between separated family members and to resume family reunions. In parallel, my government calls on the DPRK to promptly resolve the issues of abductees, detainees, and repatriated prisoners of war. We emphasize the need for dialogue for the resolution of key humanitarian matters between the two Koreas. My delegation notes the DPRK's participation in its recent CRPD review and its fourth cycle UPR last year. We encourage the DPRK to constructively engage with the UN human rights mechanisms. We also call for the DPRK to resume humanitarian cooperation with the international community. Granting access to UN agencies and other humanitarian actors and allowing their return to DPRK would be an important first step. We reiterate the importance of the DPRK's continued participation in the UPR process and the implementation of recommendations. In this respect, we look forward to the upcoming report of the Special Rapporteur to be presented to the 61st session of the Human Rights Council regarding implementation of UPR recommendations. The Republic of Korea considers substantive enhancement of human rights of the DPRK people to be an important matter. I thank you. 3rd Committee · Chair [19:11]: I thank the Republic of Korea. I now give the floor to Australia, followed by Vietnam, then the United Kingdom. have the floor, Australia. Australia [19:23]: Thank you, Chair. Australia thanks the Special Rapporteur for her sobering report and reiterates our deep concern over the DPRK's systemic disregard for human rights, both within and beyond its borders. We are alarmed by credible reports of increased transnational repression, including in forced disappearances and forced labour of overseas workers. We continue to condemn in the strongest possible terms DPRK's military cooperation with Russia through the export of its ballistic missiles to Russia and training of DPRK troops. These actions would violate international law and underscore the regime's prioritisation of militarisation over the welfare of its people. Australia condemns the continued repression of escapees, including cyberattacks targeting diaspora communities. We echo calls for the international community to respect the principle of non-refoulement for people from the DPRK who are at risk of torture, cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment upon repatriation. We welcome the DPRK's partial engagement with the UPR, but urge full cooperation with UN mechanisms and access for humanitarian actors. Australia further commends the work of civil society organisations to preserve testimonies for future accountability. We ask what further steps can member states take to protect escapees and overseas workers from transnational repression and ensure accountability for actions committed beyond DPRK's borders. Thank you. 3rd Committee · Chair [20:49]: I thank Australia. And I'll give the floor to Vietnam, followed by the United Kingdom, then Pakistan. Vietnam, you have the floor. Viet Nam [20:57]: Thank you, Mr. Choi. Vietnam takes note of the report of the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea. Vietnam believes that the promotion and protection of human rights is rooted in genuine dialogue and constructive cooperation with due regard to the specific circumstances and priorities of each country. In this regard, we note the DPRK's continued engagement in the UPR process and its implementation of international human rights treaties to which it is a party. We consider that efforts to advance human rights should be guided by the principles of sovereignty, non-interference, impartiality, objectivity and non-selectivity. Vietnam reaffirms its support for efforts aimed at promoting peace, stability and development on the Korean Peninsula, thereby creating favourable conditions for the enjoyment of human rights by the people of the DPRK. I thank you. 3rd Committee · Chair [21:59]: I thank Vietnam. I now give the floor to the United Kingdom, followed by Pakistan and Iran, Chair. United Kingdom. United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland [22:07]: Thank you, Mr. Chair. The United Kingdom thanks the Special Rapporteur for her august report, which draws attention to the DPRK's continued widespread and systematic violations of human rights. As the report makes clear, the human rights situation has continued to deteriorate, exasperated by isolation and prioritization of military spending. The UK believes that diplomacy and negotiation are the best way to secure peace on the Korean Peninsula and to improve the lives of North Koreans. The UK urges the DPRK to engage meaningfully and constructively with the international community to take tangible steps to improve its human rights record and to allow UN human rights mechanisms unhindered access to the country to support permanent improvements for the people of the DPRK. We would welcome the Special Rapporteur's views on how we can hold UN member states to account in respecting the principle of non-refoulement of individuals to the DPRK. Thank you, Mr. Chair. 3rd Committee · Chair [23:08]: I thank the United Kingdom, and I'll give the floor to Pakistan, followed by your chair, and then the European Union. Pakistan. Pakistan [23:16]: Thank you, Chair. Chair, the primary responsibility to promote and protect human rights and fundamental freedoms of citizens lies with states themselves, in accordance with their international obligations. We believe that the most constructive approach to address human rights concerns remains the universal periodic review mechanism that is inclusive, non-politicized, impartial, and rooted in cooperation. Rather than singling out individual countries, we urge international community to provide financial and technical assistance that enables states to meet their human rights obligations. Selective scrutiny, often focused on nations in the global south, does little to foster progress. and often detracts from the spirit of international solidarity and cooperation. Mr. Chair, we call upon the international community to eliminate the politicization and selectivity that currently undermine the universal and impartial character of human rights discourse. True progress in human rights can only be achieved through collaboration and respect for each nation's sovereignty, enabling an approach that is both fair and effective in fostering a just international order. I thank you, Chair. 3rd Committee · Chair [24:30]: I thank Pakistan, and I'll give the floor to Eritrea, followed by the European Union, and then the Russian Federation. Eritrea, you have the floor. Eritrea [24:41]: Thank you, Mr. Chair. Mr. Chair, Eritrea opposes any country-specific mandates driven by political motives, as those mandates do little to improve rights, but instead waste time and resources, and hinder real cooperation in promoting and protecting human rights and fundamental freedoms. Ethiopia also strongly opposes any misuse of the Human Rights Council by any country or group of countries for external objectives. We believe that human rights should be evaluated fairly and equally, respecting national sovereignty and encouraging the engagement and cooperation of countries, progress in promoting and Protecting human rights internationally can only be achieved by ensuring universality, objectivity, and non-selectivity, as well as eliminating double standards and politicization. In this regard, Eritrea rejects the mandate of the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea. that this mandate was established without the consent of the concerned States. We call for strengthening the universal periodic review, which treats all States equally. We welcome DPRK's engagement in the UPR mechanism. I thank you. 3rd Committee · Chair [25:58]: I thank you, Chair. I now give the floor to the European Union, followed by the Russian Federation, then Equatorial Guinea. You have the floor. EU · EU [26:07]: Mr. Chair, I have the honor to speak on behalf of the European Union and its member States. Madam Special Rapporteur, thank you for your latest report. Your work provides a vital service in keeping up a regular flow of reporting about a country whose government does everything in its power to restrict access to information about what is happening there. The human rights violations committed by the DPRK regime represent not only a heavy burden on people living there, but a menace to international security. The scale and seriousness of those violations are a matter of concern to every single UN member state. As stated in the report, there is a pattern that human rights violations committed by the DPRK extend beyond its borders. The abduction and forced disappearance of foreign nationals, the dispatching of conscripts overseas in conditions that amount to forced labor, the military support for Russia's war of aggression against Ukraine, cyber attacks to fund the development of nuclear and other weapons, transnational repression of escapees. These are alarming violations of international law, and it is for the General Assembly to keep sending the clear message that they must stop. Dialogue must be given a chance to work. We acknowledge the DPRK's engagement with certain UN human rights mechanisms. and we call on the DPRK authorities to build on this engagement by respecting its obligations under international human rights law. But we continue to advocate for a full resumption in diplomatic engagement and the granting of access to UN agencies and other humanitarian actors, in particular the Special Rapporteur. Professor Salmon, After three years as Special Rapporteur, what are your thoughts about how to break out of the current impasse in relations with the DPRK? Thank you. 3rd Committee · Chair [28:04]: I thank the European Union and I'll give the floor to the Russian Federation, followed by Equatorial Guinea, then Montenegro. Russian Federation. Russian Federation [28:14]: Chair, once again, we are witnessing how a mandate as Special Rapporteur on human rights in the DPRK is being used not to create a constructive dialogue with the country's authorities and provide real assistance to the people of DPRK, but to politicize the UN human rights platform to exert blatant pressure on a sovereign state in the interest of a group of countries. Today's report fully ignores the positive steps that have been taken and are being taken by Pyongyang in the social economic spheres. which are focused on improving lives of the citizens. These measures are being taken despite unprecedented destructive pressure of sanctions, which in violation of basic human rights, mainly dignified life and development. However, this isn't covered in your report. We'd call on you, Ms. Salmon, to stop this practice of taking into account information in your North Korean dossier that received from biased NGOs. Clearly, their interest is not concerned for human rights. These structures are instrument of the information war and the reports are replete with copy and paste fiction which with the UN stamp these materials could not be deemed to be representative and reliable. We are convinced the only real path to cooperate with Pyongyang is a respectful and equal dialogue based on respect for sovereignty and the legitimate interests of the country. Any questions relating, including human rights ones, cannot be raised on the basis of confrontation and ultimatum. We recall, Mr. Salmon, that your task is not to slander the state that you are supposed to be reporting on. Thank you. 3rd Committee · Chair [29:49]: I thank the Russian Federation, and I'll give the floor to Equatorial Guinea, followed by Montenegro, and then Somalia. You have the floor. Equatorial Guinea [29:59]: Thank you very much, Chair. I'm taking the floor for a few comments on the report that Ms. Salmon made, but firstly I'd like to reaffirm our commitment as Equatorial Guinea to the promotion and protection of human rights and recognize the key role of the Human Rights Council and its mechanisms in moving those goals forward. Human rights is a very complex issue and it has become a focus of deep concern in almost all countries in the world. For that reason, it's very difficult now to pinpoint one specific country as a chronic or systematic perpetrator of human rights violations. We understand that in the field of human rights, we should develop a balanced, fair and cooperative system that promotes a universal system while also respecting diversity and state sovereignty. Chair, with that in mind, We feel we should consider the need to present these reports without any form of politicization, and bearing in mind that the presentation of resolutions or country-specific reports without involving the concerned state is not only a convention of the principles of impartiality, objectivity, transparency, non-selectivity, and non-politicization. politicization and non-confrontation, but also goes against the very spirit of the UN Charter. To ensure full credibility for this important exercise of informing the world about human rights situations in certain countries, it's very important that these reports not be influenced by third countries and be lacking in politicization. We shouldn't have recourse to double standards, which is very common these days. 3rd Committee · Chair [32:00]: And I'll give the floor to Montenegro, followed by Somalia, then Nicaragua. You have the floor. Montenegro [32:07]: Thank you, Mr. Chair. Montenegro thanks the Special Rapporteur for the detailed report. We remain deeply concerned by the ongoing systematic repression in the DPRK, such as denial of basic freedoms, widespread use of forced labor, and persecutions of escapees and their families. We remain seriously alarmed by the deployment of North Korean military personnel to participate in the Russian aggression against Ukraine. This involvement of the DPRK troops, reportedly under conditions of forced labour and without basic safeguards, represent a serious violation of the international humanitarian and human rights law. Montenegro condemns this unlawful involvement and the systematic transnational repression described in the report, including abduction and forced disappearances, cyber attacks, and exploitation of overseas workers. We call on the DPRK to immediately cease all activities that fuel conflict and repression, to cooperate with UN mechanisms, and to prioritize the right and welfare of its people over militarization. Thank you. 3rd Committee · Chair [33:08]: Thank you, Benmont. I now give the floor to Somalia, followed by Nicaragua, and then Lao Democratic People's Republic. You have the floor. Microphone. Okay, we'll go to Nicaragua. Nicaragua [33:47]: Gracias. Thank you. Nicaragua, Nicaragua adheres to what was said by Venezuela on behalf of the group of friends in defense of the charter of the United Nations. As a Member State, we reiterate our position of principle, which is that we reject and condemn this type of politically motivated meeting against the people and government of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea. This is just a show of politicisation and double standards where human rights are concerned. The imposition of specific mandates on countries violates the universal principles of respect for sovereignty and non-interference in domestic matters. as enshrined in the UN Charter. We firmly reject the so-called report of the Special Rapporteur on human rights in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea because it is fabricated, full of false information. We call upon the Third Committee to work to the ends for which it was created, rather than becoming a mechanism by which to exert pressure and interference. Our government of national reconciliation and unity once again rejects any report against the Democratic People's Republic of Korea which is not in line with reality. Thank you. 3rd Committee · Chair [35:14]: I thank Nicaragua, and I will give the floor to Laos and Democratic People's Republic, to be followed by Belarus. Then China, then Peru. You have the floor, Laos. Lao People's Democratic Republic [35:27]: Thank you, Mr. Chair. The Lao PDR take note of the report by the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the DPRK. The Lao PDR feel that human rights issues should be approached equally while respecting national sovereignty and the information provided by states. and fostering cooperation among countries. We believe that international efforts to promote and protect human rights can only progress through universality and fair objectivity and non-selectivity, as well as by eliminating double standards. and politicization. In this context, we view the universal periodic review as the most effective mechanism for addressing human rights issues across nations in a fair and constructive way. In this connection, my delegation calls on the international community and concerned parties and the DPRK to establish an appropriate channel for constructive and genuine dialogue. and cooperation to addressing the matter in the peaceful and mutual respectful way. I thank you. 3rd Committee · Chair [36:43]: I thank Lao Democratic People's Republic, and I'll give the floor to Vera Rose. Belarus [36:53]: Chair, colleagues. Belarus reaffirms its principled position of not accepting country-specific approaches in the UN, including in the work of the Special Rapporteur on the human rights situation in the DPRK. We categorically object to the weaponization of human rights to justify interference in internal affairs of a sovereign state. These approaches have nothing in common with the principles of universality, impartiality, objectivity and non-selectivity, which the whole human rights system is based on. We categorically reject the Special Rapporteur's silence of the impact of unilateral coercive measures on the enjoyment of human rights by the citizens of the DPRK. Once again, we underscore that to improve the human rights situation in the DPRK, the Special Rapporteur's high-cost post isn't needed, nor are their recommendations, because we only need a respectful dialogue to be held with the State. Thank you very much. 3rd Committee · Chair [37:52]: I now give the floor to China. China [37:57]: Chair, it's China's consistent position to approach differences on matters concerning human rights through constructive dialogue and cooperation. We're against the politicization and instrumentalization of human rights issues and oppose imposing country-specific procedures without the consent of the countries concerned. The DPRK is committed to national construction and socioeconomic development, taking positive measures to enhance its people's well-being. These efforts deserve to be commended. UCMs are among the biggest obstacles to DPRK's effort to achieve its national development goals. China regrets to note that the SR's report does not spell out the fallout of sanctions for the country's humanitarian situation. China once again urges certain countries to immediately lift UCMs against the DPRK and stop violating the human rights of the DPRK people. Those who enter China illegally are not refugees, as their actions violate Chinese laws and undermine China's immigration and border control. China has never failed to handle these issues in a proper and responsible manner, guided by both domestic law and international law, and in the spirit of humanity. We hope the SRO will adopt the right perspective on this matter and act impartially and objectively. I thank you, Chair. 3rd Committee · Chair [39:14]: I thank China, and I'll give the floor to Peru. Peru [39:22]: Thank you, Chair. The UN human rights architecture was built on the basis of the duty to cooperate. In the history of Latin America, a number of periods with major challenges have been experienced concerning fundamental rights, and human rights advocates have been able to use the mechanisms that the universal system offers to be able to contribute to assisting victims. That history shows that special human rights procedures, rather than an obstacle to governments, are a valuable instrument that contribute to the protection of fundamental freedoms in our societies. In light of that, Peru supports the efforts of our organization's mechanisms to lead to the enjoyment of human rights everywhere in the world. My delegation is very familiar with the irreproachable credentials of the Special Rapporteur, and we support her mandate. Peru agrees with the perspective that's being used by Ms. Salmon in her report, which is a focus on victims. Chair, my delegation calls upon all parties involved in the mandate here to collaborate with their responsibility and the responsibility that's been given to the Special Rapporteur. Thank you. 3rd Committee · Chair [40:47]: I thank Peru. I now give the floor to the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Ms. Elizabeth Salmon. UN · Special Rapporteur [41:01]: Thank you. Thank you very much to everybody for participating, for your criticism, for your suggestions. I'd like, firstly, to express my complete solidarity with the Special Rapporteur on human rights in the occupied Palestinian territories. territories, sanctioning that work is not just a contravention of the international system, it is an integral attack on the UN human rights system, including the special procedures. That said, I would like in this short statement to mention a couple of fundamental ideas. The first is that any attempt at dialogue, conversation, negotiation with the Democratic People's Republic of Korea will always be welcome. But I think we should avoid losing from sight the fact that human rights should be a pivotal element in those conversations. For example, through a call to allow communication with separated families through letters or conferences or physical meetings, for example, through a request to the Democratic People's Republic of Korea to allow visits by special rapporteurs to its territory and to comply with the final recommendations emerging from the Universal Periodic Review, as well as the concluding recommendations of the Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. Another issue that shouldn't be lost from sight is that the Democratic People's Republic of Korea should allow the return of the UN country team and humanitarian organisations to its territory. Secondly, I'd like to mention that in this report, I have striven to present human rights violations being committed by the DPRK outside its borders. In light of that, I think it is imperative that we strengthen preventive measures to protect, but also support those who have escaped from the DPRK and set up lives in other countries. It's extremely important and relevant as well to strengthen civil society organizations that support those collectives and that offer them basic advice and assistance. Time is not unlimited. Many victim survivors are now old, and we need to be quick and fair in our response. Thank you. 3rd Committee · Chair [44:09]: I thank the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea. I now welcome the independent expert on the situation of human rights in Somalia, Ms. Isha Duffon. Participants wishing to make comments and pose questions to the speaker are invited to, at this time, to press the microphone button within the next three minutes, after which the list will be closed. The time limit for each speaker will be announced before the floor is given to the first speaker. I thank you for your cooperation. I now invite the independent experts on the situation of human rights in Somalia to make an introductory statement. UN · Independent Expert [45:09]: Thank you, Mr. Chair, Excellencies. I have the honor to present my fifth and final report on the situation of human rights in Somalia, covering developments between July 2024 and June 2025. The report provides an overview of the human rights, political, security, and humanitarian developments during that period. Somalia stands at a pivotal juncture. Its people have endured decades of conflict, recurring humanitarian crises, climate shocks, and persistent human rights violations. Yet, they continue to strive for reconciliation and recovery. The challenge before us is not only to respond to Somalia's immediate needs, but to sustain its progress and prevent backsliding during this fragile transition. Allow me, therefore, to outline the situation on the ground before turning to the path forward and the support required from this Assembly and the wider international community. Mr. Chairperson, Somalia continues to face complex and interlocking crises. Politically, efforts to move toward a one party, one vote one person, one vote system reflect genuine aspiration for inclusive democracy. Yet disagreements between the federal government and some federal member states, notably Puntland and Jubaland, have strained cooperation and at times resulted in armed confrontation, such as in Ras Kamboni and Biadir earlier this year. These divisions have undermined federalism and diverted attention from urgent national priorities. The security situation remains deeply concerning. Despite earlier gains, Al-Shabaab has reasserted its presence in central and southern regions. The August 2024 attack on Lido Beach in Mogadishu, which killed nearly 100 people, and the May 2025 bombing at Damayon Military Base, which claimed 10 lives, illustrates the continuing threat of violent extremism. Roadside explosives and rocket attacks persist, targeting civilians and public officials alike. The phased withdrawal of the African Union forces and the transition to national security control presents both opportunities and risks. Without adequate training, equipment, and oversight, civilians remain dangerously exposed. I urge that the protection of civilians, respect for international humanitarian law, and accountability for violations be placed firmly at the center of all security operations. Military success must never come the expense of human rights. Mr. Chairperson, the overall human rights situation remains worrying. Between September 2024 and March 2025, the United Nations documented 402 civilian casualties, including 179 deaths. Reports of arbitrary detention, extrajudicial killings, and torture persist. Journalists and human rights defenders continue to face harassment, intimidation, and unlawful arrest, while the death penalty, including against minors, remains in use. I reiterate my call for a moratorium on the death penalty and for a review of the penal code and the 2020 media law, both of which contain provisions restricting freedom of expression. Women and children continue to bear the brunt of conflict and insecurity. Between September and December 2024, the United Nations verified 856 grave violations against children, including recruitment, abduction, killings, and sexual violence. In 2024 alone, 267 children were victims of sexual violence crimes committed not only by Al-Shabaab, but also by government and regional forces. Key protective laws, such as the Sexual Offences Bill and the Child Rights Bill and the Anti-FGM Bill, remain stalled in Parliament. Their adoption and enforcement are essential to end impunity and to safeguard the rights of women and girls. Humanitarian and climate pressures have further deepened Somalia's fragility. In 2025, nearly 6 million people require humanitarian assistance, conflict and flooding displaced over 640,000 people, while forced eviction affected an additional 150,000 people. Flash floods earlier this year killed 17 people and affected 84,000, while prolonged drought has left 4.4 million Somalis, almost a quarter of the population, facing acute food insecurity. Mr. Chairperson, over the past six years, Somalia has taken notable steps to advance human rights and strengthen its institution. The 2024 Disability Bill and the launch of the National Disability Agency's five-year strategy mark progress towards inclusion. The 30% quota for women's participation and the first National Human Rights Summit held in April 2025 demonstrate growing commitment to equality and civic participation. The recent appointment of commissioners to the National Human Rights Commission is a milestone for accountability. The adoption of key chapters of the provisional constitution, the juvenile justice bill, and the sustained engagement with human rights mechanisms reflect a national determination to build rights-based society. These achievements are meaningful. Mr. Chairperson, Somalia's progress must now be protected from reversal. Sustained national reform, predictable international support and continued long-term oversight will determine whether the country advances towards peace and security or easily falls back into fragility. I therefore call on the Government of Somalia to consolidate political dialogue and reconciliation between the Federal Government and the Federal Member States, ensuring inclusive participation of women, youth, minorities and civil society. Accelerate adoption and enforcement of pending human rights legislation and ratify key international instruments. operationalize the National Human Rights Commission in line with the Paris principle, and work closely with the Office of the High Commissioner to advance human rights in line with the Human Rights Council recent resolution 60/28, and invest in climate resilience and adaptation, ensuring that the environmental protection and human rights reinforce each other, among other things. These reforms are within reach. Mr. Chairperson, The gains achieved remain fragile. I urge member states to support full implementation of the Human Rights Council's recent resolution 60/28, which reiterates the importance of my benchmarks and renews international commitment to Somalia's human rights agenda. Equip the Office of the High Commissioner with the resources needed for sustained technical assistance, capacity building, monitoring and reporting, and ensure that the United Nations and the African Union transitions do not create protection vacuums and that the human rights monitoring remains very strong. Link human rights and climate action across all assistance to build peace and protect communities. Mr. Chairperson, the Somali people have endured immense hardship, yet they continue to show courage, creativity, and hope. Somalia's future must be anchored in peace, justice, and human rights. Achieving this vision will require sustained commitment from its leaders, its people, and the international community. As I conclude my tenure, I extend my deep gratitude to the government of Somalia, the Human Rights Council, the Office of the High Commissioner, the United and the African Union, civil society organisations, the diplomatic community and this committee for your steadfast engagement, trust and support. Finally, Mr. Chairperson, allow me to unconditionally denounce the United States government's sanction on the Special Rapporteur on the Occupied Palestinian Territory. I express my full solidarity with Francesca Albanese. Sanctioning a Special Rapporteur appointed by the Human Rights Council violates international law and is a direct attack on the integrity of the United Nations human rights system, including special procedures as a whole. I call on the United States to act decisively on these sanctions to carry them not to carry them out I also call on the United States to immediately we do these illegal sanctions and I thank you. 3rd Committee · Chair [54:28]: I thank the independent expert on the situation of human rights in Somalia I will now open the floor for questions or comments to miss the fan As per past practice, I ask delegations to limit their comments to three minutes. I thank you for your kind cooperation. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Somalia. Somalia [55:00]: Mr. Chair, Excellencies, distinguished delegates. The Federal Republic of Somalia takes note of the three CHR independent expert report. We regard this report as an acknowledgement of the real progress Somalia has made on human rights and as a practical guide for our ongoing national efforts. We also welcome the adoption of Human Rights Council resolution A/HRC/16/L.14, which brings to a close the country-specific mandate of the independent expert. This marks a significant transition for Somalia, one that places the primary responsibility for promoting and protecting rights squarely on the shoulders of the Somali government and its institutions. We affirm our commitment to upholding human rights as enshrined in our constitution and international covenants. The government of Somalia is actively working towards implementing reforms that promote freedom of expression, protect against gender-based violence, and ensure the safety and rights of all citizens, including children and vulnerable groups. We acknowledge the progress made but also recognize the work that still lies ahead. Our focus is clear, to serve our citizens and to guarantee the dignity, protection, and opportunity that every Somali deserves. Guided by the Somali Human Rights Transition Roadmap 2025 to 2026, the federal government is taking measurable steps, establishing the National Independent Human Rights Commission in line with the Paris Principles, embedding human rights into our legal and policy frameworks, and deepening accountability at every level of governance. In line with our national strategy, we are establishing accountability mechanisms to address human rights violations and to uphold justice. We also aim to reinforce dialogue among stakeholders to foster understanding and collaboration for achieving lasting peace and stability. At this juncture, we wish to echo the position of the Non-Aligned Movement by expressing our concerns regarding the selective adoption of country-specific resolutions in international forums. Such practices risk politicizing human rights and undermine the principles of universality, impartiality, objectivity, and non-selectivity that should guide our collective efforts. We believe that the Universal Periodic Review remains the most appropriate intergovernmental mechanism for assessing human rights situation in all countries without distinction, ensuring the full participation of the country concerned, and taking into account its capacity building needs. Human rights issues must be addressed through a constructive, non-confrontational, and non-politicized approach, guided by respect for national sovereignty, territorial integrity, and non-interference in international affairs. We urge the international community to support us not only through oversight, but also by investing in sustainable initiatives that build local capacities. Empowering our institutions is crucial for ensuring a resilient future where human rights are safeguarded. In closing, we reaffirm our dedication to engaging with our partners in constructive dialogue and to continue our journey towards the realization of human rights for every Somali citizen. Together, let us work to transform challenges into opportunities for building a more just and equitable society. I thank you. 3rd Committee · Chair [58:05]: I thank Somalia. I now give the floor to Italy, followed by Slovenia, then the European Union. Italy, you have the floor. Italy [58:14]: We thank the independent expert for the report and we are grateful for their work in Somalia since 2020. Somalia stands at a pivotal moment. We recognize the important steps taken by the Federal Government and Federal Member States to strengthen institutions and protect rights. Our message today is one of partnership and encouragement. We see three priorities where continued momentum can deliver tangible gains for all Somalis. First, rule of law and accountability. We encourage sustained resourcing and independence of the justice sector to prevent and respond to sexual and gender-based violence, in line with survivor-centered approaches and the children protection standards. Second, civic space and fundamental freedoms. A safe, open environment for journalists, human rights defenders, to strengthen resilience and trust. We encourage constructive dialogue to align laws and practices with Somalia's international obligations. Third, protection and inclusion. Protecting civilians, preventing forced evictions and addressing the needs of displaced persons remain essentials. Implementing the 30% women's quota and ensuring meaningful participation of youth, minorities and persons with disabilities will reinforce the social cohesion. Looking ahead, Italy supports a Somali-led inclusive political processes and consensus between federal and state authorities to underpin credible, peaceful, and timely elections. Madam Independent Expert, we will welcome your views on good practices to keep the civic space open during the ongoing transition, especially for journalists and women human rights defenders. Italy stands ready to deepen our partnership with Somalia to translate reforms into concrete improvements in people's lives. Thank you. 3rd Committee · Chair [59:59]: I thank Italy and I'll give the floor to Slovenia, followed by the European Union and Ireland. You have the floor, Slovenia. Slovenia [1:00:06]: Thank you, Chair. We thank the independent expert, Ms. Difan, for her important briefing to this committee. Slovenia aligns itself with the statement of the European Union and adds the following in its national capacity. We remain deeply concerned about the human rights situation in Somalia. We welcome the efforts of the Federal Government to strengthen the human rights framework, but note that further action is needed to implement all recommendations from the report, especially those related to the protection of women and children. We urge the Somali authorities to abolish the death penalty and, as a first step, to establish a moratorium on its use. Al-Shabaab, which is responsible for the majority of human rights violations, remains a considerable threat to peace, security and stability of Somalia. Nevertheless, the fight against terrorism must always respect human rights, with the protection of civilians at its core. While we recognize that AUSSOM faces significant financial constraints, this must not compromise the human rights standards under which the mission operates. Somalia should work closely with UNTMIS during the second phase of the mission's transition to ensure that all tasks related to the promotion and protection of human rights are effectively transferred to the Federal Government by October 2026. At the same time, the international community must continue to support Somalia in building its institutional capacity to fulfill these responsibilities. Ms. Deefen, with Antimist expected to withdraw by October 2026, where do you see the greatest risk to successful transfer of the mission's human rights functions? How can the international community best assist Somalia to prevent any backsliding in human rights standards following the mission's withdrawal? I thank you. 3rd Committee · Chair [1:01:45]: I thank Slovenia. I now give the floor to the European Union, followed by Ireland, China, United Kingdom, then the Sovereign Order of Malta. European Union, you have the floor. EU · EU [1:01:58]: Mr. Chair, I have the honor to speak on behalf of the European Union and its member states. Madam Independent Expert, the EU wishes to thank you for your report and your years of dedicated service. I should also like to thank the Distinguished Representative of Somalia for her remarks, which we have listened to carefully and taken good note of. We share the independent expert's concern, however, that the vast majority of recommendations from human rights mechanisms, including the independent expert's benchmarks, remain largely unimplemented. Unfortunately, the resurgence of al-Shabaab, coupled with ongoing political instability, has resulted in a rise in human rights violations and heightened humanitarian protection challenges. We recognize that security is intrinsically linked to political dynamics, and in this context, national political reconciliation and inclusive political reforms are essential for a unified and effective response to Al-Shabaab, as well as for advancing human rights protection and achieving long-term stability in Somalia. Madame Diffan, In this regard, we reiterate your recommendation to the Government of Somalia to undertake an inclusive, transparent and participatory political dialogue, and echo your call on all federal state governments and opposition figures to prioritize cooperation for the benefit of the Somali people. Madam Independent Expert, with your own mandate concluding, and the UN transitional mission in Somalia set to enter its final phase, what urgent steps are needed to ensure continued focus on human rights and political dialogue in Somalia? And since I have a few seconds, I would just like to thank the interpreters. Thank you. 3rd Committee · Chair [1:04:19]: I thank the European Union and I'll give the floor to Erlend. Ireland [1:04:25]: Thank you, Chair. Ireland aligns itself with the statement of the EU. We thank the independent expert for her report and welcome the ongoing work of the Federal Government of Somalia on human rights issues. We acknowledge the Federal Government's efforts to strengthen its institutions and the significant challenges in relation to the ongoing military offensive against Al-Shabaab. However, we remain deeply concerned that civilians, in particular women and children, continue to bear the brunt of the conflict and have been subjected to serious human rights abuses and violations. The mistreatment of prisoners, the recruitment and use of children in armed conflict, and conflict-related sexual violence are of particular concern. We encourage the Federal Government to continue implementing legislative reforms to bring it further in line with its international human rights obligations. Progress towards establishing the national independent human rights commission is a positive step in this regard. Ireland strongly encourages the Federal Government to ratify the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, which would further strengthen its human rights protections. We condemn the targeting of journalists, civil society organizations, and human rights defenders, and stress that the ongoing conflict cannot be used to justify restrictions on freedom of expression. How can the international community further assist Somalia in strengthening its institutions and implementing the necessary reforms to ensure it fully complies with its human rights obligations? Thank you. 3rd Committee · Chair [1:05:57]: I thank Arlene and I'll give the floor to China. China [1:06:02]: Mr. Chair, China commends the Somali Government for its constructive engagement with the UN human rights mechanism and its commitment to promoting and protecting the fundamental rights and freedoms of its people. The international community should continue to assist Somalia in enhancing technical and capacity-building efforts in the human rights sphere, while respecting the sovereignty, territorial integrity and the will of its Government and people. China has consistently supported Somalia's peace and development process, backing the Federal Government in upholding national unity, sovereignty and territorial integrity, and enhancing its capacity for self-reliant development and counterterrorism efforts. China hopes that all parties will prioritize the interests of the nation and its people, resolve disputes through dialogue and the Constitution. Thank you, Mr. Chair. 3rd Committee · Chair [1:06:43]: I thank China, and I give the floor to the United Kingdom. United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland [1:06:48]: Thank you, Mr. President. We are grateful for the independent experts' work on Somalia since 2020. The UK welcomes the constructive engagement of the government of Somalia on this mandate. We also welcome their progress towards establishing, with federal parliamentary approval, the National Independent Human Rights Commission. We encourage the Somali government to build on this momentum and stand ready alongside the UN and the international community to work in partnership on their human rights priorities. We remain concerned at continuing cases of sexual and gender-based violence. Women, children, and internally displaced people continue to face heightened vulnerability to human rights abuses. We emphasize the importance of protecting vulnerable and marginalized groups. We also remain concerned by restrictions on freedom of expression, including the detention of journalists. We urge the government to take steps to protect media freedom and ensure journalists can report without fear of retribution. Finally, noting Somalia's upcoming elections, we emphasize the importance of fostering a broad consensus and inclusive dialogue. The UK stands ready to work with Somalia on all these critical issues. Ms. Daffan, as the HRC mandate moves towards OHCHR technical assistance, reflecting on your time in the role, how would you recommend OHCHR prioritizes its work? Thank you. 3rd Committee · Chair [1:08:16]: I thank the United Kingdom, and I'll give the floor to the Sovereign Order of Malta. SMOM [1:08:21]: Thank you, Mr. Chair. Somalia stands today as one of the most striking reminders of the human cost of protracted conflict and neglect. Despite decades of international attention, the human rights situation remains dire, marked by systemic violations that threaten an entire generation. More than 4.4 million people are expected to need urgent food assistance by this year's end. This is not merely a humanitarian emergency. It is a test of our collective conscience. The international community cannot look away as children are deprived not only of food and shelter, but of their fundamental rights to safety, education, and dignity. Schools, mosques, and homes have become places of fear rather than refuge. Children are abducted and indoctrinated, forced into combat roles, and made to serve as human shields or suicide bombers. Young girls are coerced into marriages under the guise of religious duty, used as tools of recruitment and subjugation. These are not isolated abuses. They are systemic violations of international humanitarian and human rights law. Silence or indifference would only serve to normalize them. The Sovereign Order of Malta, through its humanitarian relief agency, Maltese International, continues to assist communities across the Horn of Africa, providing emergency medical care and nutrition and psychosocial support to those most affected, particularly women and children. Yet while these efforts are vital, they can only address the symptoms of a much deeper crisis. The progress requires sustained international engagement, investment in peace building, and the strengthening of local governance structures capable of protecting human rights and delivering essential services. Without this long-term commitment, millions will remain trapped between conflict and deprivation with little hope of a dignified future. As Pope John XXIII reminded us, peace cannot exist where human dignity is denied. The Order of Malta calls upon global actors to renew their commitment to protecting civilians in Somalia and ensure accountability for all violations of international law. We urge a collective focus on root causes of vulnerability, poverty, displacement, and the lack of access to education, so that humanitarian assistance can evolve into recovery and recovery into resilience. Madam Independent Expert, Given your assessment of Somalia's human rights situation, how can international partners more effectively support local governance structures and community leaders to uphold human rights and prevent renewed cycles of conflict? I thank you, Mr. Chair. 3rd Committee · Chair [1:11:04]: I thank the Sovereign Order of Malta. I now give the floor to the Independent Expert on the Situation of Human Rights in Somalia, Ms. Issa Duffon. You have the floor. UN · Independent Expert [1:11:18]: Thank you, Mr. Chair, and thank you to all the statements by Member States on the situation of human rights in Somalia. I thank you for your considered views of my report and the very important questions that you have posed to me. I've tried to group them all together in case I don't answer your questions specifically. I hope that my concluding remarks will refer to yours. On The question of how the international community can best support Somalia's priorities going forward, I think encouraging Somalia to have inclusive national dialogue, improving and supporting them in terms of the constitutional review process, as well as the electoral reforms that are now ongoing. and ensuring that political processes are transparent and participatory, including civil society, women and minorities, would be one way of assisting Somalia, particularly in terms of the last speaker, Malta, how can we support local organisations? At the grassroots, this is where the work is. Looking at transition and the United Nations and AU transitioning out, the main emphasis here should be on the security situation. The transition reflects Somalia's aspirations, as I have said, but it has heightened risk also because of the way that Al-Shabaab is moving forward and regaining ground. and therefore it would be important for proper monitoring of this transition so that there isn't a human rights gap created as we can see already there is increased human rights violations. And on that note, I also, I think it's important to strengthen accountability within the security forces, ensuring compliance with international humanitarian law and maintaining mechanisms such as They have now the civilian casualty tracking and monitoring system, which are essential to also monitor what the national Somali army and its partners are doing. On the question on what steps can be taken to protect women and girls, I've already said passing long delayed bills on sexual violence, child rights and FGM. while implementing the 30% quota on women's participation and ensuring accountability for gender-based violence is a key area that the international community should focus on. In that regard, also, I feel that international partners have to provide resources. Some of this work cannot be done without sustained technical and financial support to strengthen Somalia's institution, particularly in the area of justice and human rights sectors. And the question from, I think, the UK was referring to priorities as most of what my mandate was doing and the UPR work and all of the other work on human rights is basically transitioned by the resolution 6028 to the office of the high commissioner. But that work cannot be done without the international support of the high commissioner's office. Resources in terms of staffing, at this juncture, I know that we are in a very difficult condition, but we cannot stop supporting Somalia because the risk of backsliding is imminent. The last, perhaps the last point I think I'd like to get is I've already dealt with the risk that on the question of backsliding, maybe to just maybe do my concluding remarks, excellencies, ladies and gentlemen. As I address this Assembly for the last time as independent expert on the situation of human rights in Somalia, I do so with deep gratitude and renewed urgency. Gratitude for the trust placed in me to accompany the Somali people and urgency because Somalia stands at the forefront, fragile and decisive moment. Despite The progress in governance, human rights protection, and institution building in Somalia remains acutely vulnerable. Insecurity, political tensions, humanitarian crisis, and climate shocks continue to threaten the country's fragile gains. The determination of Somali civil society, women, youth, and human rights defenders remains inspiring, but they cannot advance human rights, peace, and security alone. Both the government of Somalia and the international community must now turn commitments into concrete action to protect human rights, strengthen the rule of law, and ensure that reforms translate into tangible improvement in people's lives. Human rights must be understood not as an outcome of peace, but as the pathway to peace. In this regard, the full and timely implementation of the recent Human Rights Council resolution 60/28 is crucial. It offers a roadmap to consolidate progress, prevent blacksliding, and ensure that the transition beyond this mandate strengthens rather than weakens the national human rights architecture. At this delicate junction, inclusive political dialogue is more vital than ever. The ongoing election related disagreements, which most of you have mentioned, coupled with the UN and AU transition processes, risk deepening divisions and could lead to instability and backsliding only through open. principled dialogue, can Somalia safeguard instability and preserve the progress so painstakingly achieved during these 30 years and also on my six years of service. Somalia's path forward will remain challenging, but not without hope. With sustained national leadership, constructive dialogue, and steadfast international partnerships, fragility can give way to resilience and life can be become a lived reality for all Somalis. As I conclude my mandate, ladies and gentlemen, I express deep appreciation to the Somali authorities, United Nations, civil society, and member states for their cooperation and commitment. Let me also ensure that Somalia's progress endures, grounded in human rights, strengthened by dialogue, and sustained through collective action. I thank you. 3rd Committee · Chair [1:18:09]: I thank the independent expert on the situation of human rights in Somalia. I now welcome the independent expert on the situation of human rights in the Central African Republic, Mr. Joga Abesti. Participants wishing to make comments and pose questions to the speaker are invited at this time to press the microphone button within the next three minutes, after which the list will be closed. The time limit for each speaker will be announced before the floor is given to the first speaker. I thank you for your cooperation. I now invite the independent expert on the situation of human rights in the Central African Republic to make an introductory statement. Mr. Abessy, you have the floor. UN · Independent Expert [1:19:13]: Thank you, Chair, distinguished delegates. It's a pleasure to be here once again to present to the General Assembly. On 2 October, I had the honour of submitting my sixth and last report as independent expert on the human rights situation in the Central African Republic to the Human Rights Council in Geneva. I would like to express my deep gratitude to the Central African Republic's authorities for their cooperation, as well as the whole UN team, technical and financial partners and civil society organizations for their tireless commitment and very valuable collaboration. My presentation will focus on the main forward steps made, as well as the ongoing challenges in terms of peace and security, justice, development and human rights related matters. On the peace process, the peace agreement signed on the 19th of April 2025 in Djemena between the government of the Central African Republic and two armed groups, 3R and UPC, inject a new impetus into the peace process and mark the return of these two groups to that political agreement that we have in the country. We've seen the disarmament and demobilisation of 117 fighters from 3R in Sangare Lim, as well as similar operations in Maloum and Bambari on the 11th of August, relating to 252 members of the UPC. On the 10th of July, we saw the official dissolution of those two groups and A few days later, on the 14th of July, four former members of those groups were appointed to government positions at a high level. However, we should recall that the quest for peace can only be built, needs justice and truth. We have seen a number of different developments relating to the MPC and the FBRC and I should underscore that the effective dissolution of armed groups should be sped up with the goal of deploying defense and security forces in demilitarized zones as well as the effective integration of former fighters into the FACA. The success of the DDR process also depends on a speedy reestablishment of basic social services and justice-related services in the relevant areas. Chair, I call upon the General Assembly to play its role in supporting the efforts of the Central African Republic's government it we need to ensure effective implementation of resolution 2745 of the Security Council which seeks to prevent the provision sale or transfer of weapons and related equipment we should accelerate and intensify our missions and the missions of the configuration under the aegis of the Peace Building Commission to strengthen political dialogue, national cohesion, and institutional stability. We should ensure respect and rigorous application of the sanctions imposed by the Security Council on certain entities. We should support the implementation of relevant recommendations from the expert group of the Security Council, and so on. In terms of security, the efforts made by the authorities with the support of technical and financial partners have led to a significant improvement in the security situation. There are still some concerns, particularly concerning the group Azande and Ikpigbe, and a number of security concerns on the borders with Chad, Sudan, and South Sudan. In this regard, The situation calls for resolute and co-ordinated action to ensure that training is given, particularly for the forces, as well as the implementation of community projects that will have a speedy impact to consolidate peace and social cohesion in the affected territories. Members of the AAKG group that are alleged to have perpetrated human rights violations should answer for their actions. The situation on the borders with Sudan, Chad and South Sudan needs urgent attention. MINUSCA should establish bases with the FACA to strengthen the fight against cross-border crime, to reduce the circulation of weapons and better manage refugee-related affairs. Training, deployment, remuneration and management of the defence and security forces is key. That is key if the sovereignty and stability of the country is to be ensured. The international community should bolster its support without geopolitical considerations. We should also stress that there can be no peace without justice, and that's why the international community should mobilize to ensure a transitional process that's rooted in access to justice for the victims and ensure national reconciliation with guarantees of non-recurrence. The implementation of a reparation fund as well as necessary financial and technical support should be put in place. And I'm thinking particularly about the situation facing the appeals courts in Bouar and Bambari. We also need to ensure the presence of the police and justice system across the national territory. This is a major challenge in terms of training and deployment, and that needs support from the international community. In terms of development, restoration and consolidation of the state's authority also depend on the rehabilitation or building of infrastructure. And this shouldn't be seen as just physical work or physical projects, but also true instruments for peace, reconciliation, and catalysts for development. Supporting the CAR through technical and financial partnerships should focus on administrative, judiciary, penitentiary, security-related, health-related, educational, cultural and sporting infrastructure. The National Development Plan 2024-2028 relates to the SDGs and is an opportunity to tackle these challenges as long as it's rooted in an approach that has a firm legal basis, particularly in terms of prioritisation. I would call upon the international community to honour its commitments in this regard, thinking particularly of the meeting that took place with investors in Morocco in September, for example. CAR, the CAR currently depends extensively on international aid and there's a crisis around that. So it's urgent that the international community strengthen institutions and national instruments to mobilize domestic resources so that we can reduce this dependence on financial assistance. That will assist in a number of domains, including accountability and the fight against corruption. In political terms, the electoral process that's underway is a unique challenge in the history of the country. It's organizing four elections in one municipal, regional, legislative and presidential. There are a number of challenges here, particularly because the National Election Authority has revealed limitations in terms of its technical and organizational capacity. Only two months away from the first round of elections, we need to ensure that the CAC, the African Union, the European Union and the United Nations bolster their technical support as well as financial and logistical support to ensure that these elections proceed properly. Election observation is crucial, but we need to take action now to provide key support for the implementation of the National Electoral Authority for the various measures that are needed. The High Council for Communication also needs technical and financial resources to be able to fight hate speech in the media and on social media during the electoral process. Full and effective participation of women and young people should also be ensured in line with the country's national commitments. I'd like to conclude by talking about the renewal of MINUSMA's mandate. This is key, and it also calls for us to strengthen the human rights aspect, which is necessary to be able to undertake research, investigation, supervision and capacity building. with human rights and governance in mind. Human rights should be a pillar of MINUSCA's work to ensure that the three UN pillars are respected. Peace and security without development will only ever be fragile. Peace and development without human rights will only lead to injustice, exclusion and ongoing instability, as well as giving rise to future potential conflicts. Thank you. 3rd Committee · Chair [1:29:56]: I thank the independent expert on the situation of human rights in the Central African Republic. I will now open the floor for any questions or comments to Mr. Abresy. As per practice, I would ask the delegations to limit their comments to three minutes. I thank you for your kind cooperation. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Spain, followed by Slovenia, then the European Union. You have the floor. Spain [1:30:35]: Thank you very much. Spain subscribes to the statement made by the European Union and in its national capacity makes the following statement. Spain welcomes the renewal of the mandate at the 60th session of the Human Rights Council this month. Spain is grateful for the recent report on the human rights situation in the Central African Republic, in which we hear that, despite some progress, serious human rights violations are ongoing, as well as violations of international humanitarian law, particularly by armed groups and bilateral forces operated by Russia. Spain underscores the importance of ensuring protection for the civilian population, particularly the most vulnerable groups, and reiterates the need to fight impunity and support accountability for grave violations in close collaboration with national institutions and the international community. Spain is committed to the stabilization of the situation in the Central African Republic, both through our participation in MINUSCA, which is the cornerstone of stability in the country, and through our presence on missions carried out by the European Union and others. Spain agrees with the need to ensure full application of the political agreement of peace and reconciliation in the Central African Republic, the Luanda roadmap and the peace agreement of the 19th of April 2025. They are keys to the process of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration, as well as a consideration, consolidation, I beg your pardon, of state authority across the entire territory. Spain encourages the strengthening of inclusive dialogue and effective participation of all members of Central African Republic society in the reconciliation process, stressing the role of international cooperation, both for security and development and governance. Independent expert, could you expand on the status of preparations for the presidential, local and legislative elections that are planned for December, please. Thank you. 3rd Committee · Chair [1:32:58]: I thank Spain. I now give the floor to Slovenia, to be followed by the European Union, then Luxembourg, then China. You have the floor, Slovenia. Slovenia [1:33:07]: Thank you, Chair. We thank the independent expert, Mr. Agbetse, for his briefing and his balanced assessment of the human rights situation in the Central African Republic. Slovenia aligns itself with the statement by the European Union and add the following in its national capacity. We welcome the 19th of April agreement with the 3R and UPC armed groups, which has had an immediate positive impact on security situation in the country. All remaining armed groups should follow suit, silence their guns, and immediately rejoin the peace process. Slovenia remains concerned about the persistently high number of human rights violations, including grave violations against children and sexual and gender-based violence. We support the recommendations in your report and call for their urgent implementation. The December election will mark an important milestone on the country's path toward peace and stability. To ensure they are free, transparent, and inclusive, the government should guarantee open political space and uphold freedoms of expression, peaceful assembly, and association. We also call for the full, equal, meaningful and safe participation of women and youth in all political processes. We commend efforts to increase women's representation on the voter roll and encourage further steps to meet the 35% candidate quota, including by strictly adhering to alternating lists. Finally, we support all measures to strengthen the judicial sector and ensure accountability for the most serious violations of human rights and international humanitarian law. The Special Criminal Court lies at the centre of these efforts. The international community must ensure that it remains adequately funded and staffed. Mr. Agbezi, we are aware of MINUSCA's financial challenges, which may require reprioritization of its tasks. In your view, which areas should receive the mission's immediate attention? I thank you. 3rd Committee · Chair [1:34:59]: I thank Slovenia, and I'll give the floor to European Union. EU · EU [1:35:07]: Thank you, Chair. I have the honour to speak on behalf of the European Union and its Member States. Independent expert, we welcome the renewal of your mandate during the 60th session of the Human Rights Council at the beginning of the month. Your most recent report recognises that some progress has been made in the CAR on judicial reform, on the fight against impunity, and meeting the essential needs of the Central African people. It also underscores that the humanitarian situation and the human rights situation remains fragile in the Central African Republic. Civilians remain on the front line of atrocities committed by all parties to the conflict, in particular by armed groups and Wagner Group mercenaries. Their presence compromises security and the ability of international humanitarian organization workers to do their work. MINUSCA is doing essential work in documenting these violations. We also welcome the work carried out by the International Criminal Court and the Special Criminal Court in the fight against impunity. Central African national courts also have an essential role to play in the fight against impunity. The European Union welcomes the peace agreement that was signed on the 19th of April 2025 and invites signatories to respect the terms contained therein, particularly the DDR program and an area where MINUSCA also plays a crucial role. The EU encourages the CAR and its partners to follow the recommendations made in your report. The EU calls, inter alia, for the effective implementation of the agreement by all parties. This is the agreement for peace and reconciliation, as well as implementation of the Luanda roadmap and the peace agreement from the 19th of April 2025. We also call for the holding of local, legislative and presidential elections that are free, transparent and inclusive in December 2025. These are essential to ensure lasting peace and stability. Mr. Independent Expert, what measures would you recommend as a priority? to build capacity in the CAR in terms of their fight against impunity, particularly in the field of transitional justice. And I would also like to thank the interpreters who are making all the work of this committee possible. Thank you very much indeed. 3rd Committee · Chair [1:38:05]: I thank the European Union and I'll give the floor to Luxembourg. Luxembourg [1:38:11]: Thank you very much, Chair. Luxembourg aligns itself with the statement made by the European Union and would like to add a few comments in our national capacity. I would like to thank the independent expert for his report on the human rights situation in the Central African Republic. The Central African Republic today is at a turning point. The elections being planned for December will be a historic opportunity to facilitate a transition towards a democratic, inclusive and peaceful state. However, the political and social context that these elections will take place in remains unstable. The civil war that has been ravaging the country for more than a decade is continuing to cause suffering amongst the population and to hinder the delivery of humanitarian aid. And the country needs this humanitarian aid greatly. The violence leads to forced displacement and is the root cause of grave violations of human rights which affect the most vulnerable, particularly children. We strongly condemn these violations, whoever carries them out. The situation remains particularly unstable in the eastern regions, where the repercussions of the war in Sudan have led to a spike in smuggling activities. We call on the government to guarantee free, fair, inclusive and transparent elections. We call on all those involved to abstain from actions that could exacerbate political, ethnic, religious or other tensions. We welcome progress recently carried out as part of the DDR programme. particular, the return of two armed groups, the Union for Peace in Central Africa and the 3Rs, Retour, Reclamation, Rehabilitation, for their return to the peace process, as well as their subsequent dissolution. We call on other groups to follow this example and to hand over their weapons. Luxembourg welcomes the ratification of the Maputo Protocol by the CER regarding women's rights in Africa. Independent Expert, how can the international community contribute to an environment that is conducive for elections to be held? Thank you. 3rd Committee · Chair [1:40:24]: I thank Luxembourg and now give the floor to China. China [1:40:29]: Mr. Chair, China commends the efforts of the CAR government to promote the domestic peace process and protect human rights, and is pleased to see that the CAR has made important progress in promoting the peace process, strengthening national governance, and promoting development and reconstruction. In July last year, the Security Council adopted a resolution deciding to lift the arms embargo against the CAR. China commends this. China has always advocated that all parties resolve differences in the field of human rights through constructive dialogue and cooperation and opposes politicization of human rights and interference in the domestic affairs of countries concerned. Relevant discussions should contribute to the CAR's stability and development rather than the opposite. China supports the African people in solving African issues in African ways and welcomes the active role played by regional countries and organizations in striving for early and comprehensive restoration of stability and normal order in the CAR, China is ready to work with the international community to uphold a common, comprehensive, cooperative and sustainable security concept, jointly advocate the protection and promotion of human rights through security, development and cooperation, and to provide support and assistance to the CAR peace process. Thank you, Mr. Chair. 3rd Committee · Chair [1:41:44]: I thank China. And I'll give the floor to floor to independent expert on situation of human rights in the Central African Republic, Mr. Yaho Abessy. You have the floor. UN · Independent Expert [1:42:02]: Thank you, Mr. President. I would like to thank all the delegation that took the floor and expressed concern, but also posed questions on the human rights situation in Central African Republic. I'm grateful with your participation. I'm very happy to respond to the questions that were raised, particularly regarding elections. I think that the upcoming elections, on the 28th of December, to be a watershed moment for the Central African Republic, all the more so given that there were four votes in one. So there's local, regional, legislative, and presidential elections. So, so far, the international community has provided support to the electoral process. And I think that some of the financial aspects remain. So the what's it's all we need international support to add to the budget for the elections. The National Election Authority, which is led by leading the electoral process has shown that it has some limits in terms of organizing and planning. the in carrying out its mandate. So therefore it's important for as of now, financial and technical partners provide support, particularly regarding the deployment of material and the logistics across the country. It's important to ensure that MINUSCA has the necessary resources to ensure the implementation of the integrated election security plan. and so that all actors, particularly women and young people, can fully participate in these elections. And the international community should therefore play its role to ensure that resources are made available for the national election authority. That means that all the full votes can be organized and held and so that doesn't end up with a violent situation happening because often we know that before, during and after elections is often violence and so the support of the international community on the technical and logistical and financial fronts as well as security would allow would give more confidence to all the actors. involved. I also consider that one important aspect is political dialogue and this is crucial to lay the foundation of consensus between government and the opposition political parties and the civil society organizations to ensure that the electoral process is peaceful and credible. For me, this is one of the recommendations of the countrywide dialogue which should be applied and implemented as part of this elections. Dialogue should prevent violence and any tensions that could arise before, during and after elections. There's also a question that was raised as the international, what the international community can do to help the country to fight impunity. On that, The decision of the US regarding to no longer provide international assistance to a certain number of sectors has a direct impact on the functioning of the Special Criminal Court. This is a hybrid court which has an important role to play in the fight against impunity and in the creation of a framework for to stop these things happening again in the Central African Republic. It's important for states that will provide lasting funding for the function for the functioning of the special criminal court and it's also important for technical financial support from the international community to help the truth and reconciliation justice commission to play its role in addition to the judicial role played by the special criminal court. Of course I'm not forgetting national courts here, they also have a key role to play. The organization Regarding the appeals court in Bangui, and there's something I would call for the organization to tackle crime in Boua and Bambari. This is also a very important body to meet the need for justice on the part of the people. Regarding impunity, it's important for the international community to think about the implementation of reparations fund. Because this is a process to fight a victim based approach, and it's important for this fund to meet this particular objective. As also the question on what the international community can do well, I think, having visited the whole country, particularly remote areas. it's important for the international community to accompany the government to support their implementation of local governance. I think local governance is an essential strategic tool to provide basic services and this will then contribute to national reconciliation. As this is my last report as independent expert on the South African Republic, allow me to urge one thing to you, Chair, and dear delegations: do not lose hope on the Central African Republic. Over my visits across the country, I have met children, women and men who are resilient and brave, who despite poverty and fear, and everything they've lost, continue to believe in peace, dignity and justice. They're not asking for sympathy, but solidarity. They're not asking for charity, but the respect for their fundamental rights. And they're asking for the opportunity to live in peace. I can still hear their voices, the voices of mothers who've lost everything, but somehow retained hope, of children who still dream of going to school, Young people who refuse to be led into violence, their faces, their tales and their hopes are the very essence of the Central African Republic. Until their rights, needs and legitimate aspirations are fully met, your mission at the UN, your collective measures will not be concluded. I urge you to take care of the Central African Republic, take care of its people, who have been so sorely tested, but they are still standing and dignified. Thank you very much. 3rd Committee · Chair [1:48:26]: I thank the Independent Expert on the situation of human rights in the Central African Republic. Distinguished delegates, Before we resume our general statements on any or all items, I would like to remind delegations of the time limit of three minutes. Delegations wishing to deliver a statement are invited to press their microphone buttons at this time. Any spillover requests will be accommodated at the following meeting for the general statement. To assist To assist speakers in managing their time, a timer is visible on the screen. The microphone light will start blinking 30 seconds before the expiration of time limit and microphone will be automatically switched off when the time is up. I now give the floor to Saudi Arabia. Saudi Arabia [1:49:39]: Mr. Chairperson, Excellencies, Ladies and Gentlemen, may the peace, mercy, and blessings of God be upon you. Mr. Chairperson, we welcome the report on the right of every person to enjoy mental and physical health. We commend efforts in this regard. We welcome the report, which stressed the right of every person to enjoy the highest levels of mental and physical health. In this vein, we are making every effort to promote this right and to promote health services and infrastructure. These efforts are in line with the 2030 vision, which believes that health is an integral part of a person's well-being. As we ensure that all people enjoy health services, we developed one of the biggest digital projects and adopted home healthcare services provided for people, especially people with disabilities. It is important to include mental health in the global and comprehensive health infrastructure. We have been giving this issue the ultimate importance. In conclusion, we stress that enjoying Mental and physical health is not a privilege. It is the right of every person. We believe that healthcare workers are the cornerstone for sustainable development. We commend their efforts and we call for empowering them and providing a safe professional environment for them so that they can build healthy and safe societies for everyone. Thank you. 3rd Committee · Chair [1:51:27]: I thank the distinguished representative of Saudi Arabia. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of the Russian Federation. Russian Federation [1:51:38]: Chair, the Russian Federation stands against the politicisation of human rights and its use as grounds for interference in the internal affairs of sovereign states. We condemn the use of the double standards policy in this field. We do not accept the practice of slinging politicised topics onto the human rights agenda at the UN, which is far beyond the authorisation of their bodies. We are convinced that the adoption of politically motivated country-specific resolutions is not allow for constructive dialogue to be created with the affected states. Particularly inappropriate given the successful UPR process, we are against attempts to erode the intergovernmental nature of the UN and its human rights bodies and giving it other jobs, including NGOs alongside states, to work on the documents from these structures. In this connection, I'd like to underscore that it is primarily incumbent on states to ensure human rights are respected on their territory. At the same time, international organizations can only provide them with assistance on this exclusively upon request of the government of that country. We believe it's necessary to preserve the traditional moral and family values and also take into account cultural, religious and historical particularities of countries when developing human rights approaches. The Russian Federation is against attempts to strengthen the neoliberal reading of the concept of human rights. In this context, we fully support efforts to boost inter-civilization, inter-cultural and inter-religious dialogue. Chair, we are convinced of the need for strict accountability of the secretariat of the UN and OHCR vis-a-vis Member States, we cannot agree with the attempts of the High Commissioner to implement the Pact for the Future and Guterres' UN8 initiatives and to use this to alter the work of his office in their vision and transform it into an independent body separate from UN Member States. with a monitoring and quasi-prosecutional functions. We are convinced that in line with GA resolution 79318 and the UN 80 initiatives, we too be that a decision regarding the wisdom of reforming the human rights architecture should be exclusively carried out on the basis of consensus and a decision by member states following comprehensive study and substantive consultations. Unfortunately, we note the political bias of the High Commissioner and the OHCHR who will promote Western geopolitical interests dressed up as concern for human rights. In this context, we underscore the need to ensure fair geographic representation in the staff of the Office. The OHCHR's work should be based on the principles of transparency, neutrality, objectivity and accountability before UN Member States. This is again the statements of the High Commissioner Turk himself, the work of OHR is often biased and prioritizing what the collective West prefer, civil and political rights. And we condemn the political bias of the OHR and their one-sided and politicized approach to the situation in Ukraine. I'd like to reaffirm support of activities of treaty bodies of the UN. 3rd Committee · Chair [1:54:36]: Right, so the speaker's microphone has been cut off. I thank the distinguished representative of the Russian Federation. I see no further requests for the floor. The Committee will continue its consideration of agenda item 71, Promotion and Protection of Human Rights, and its sub-items A to D, this afternoon at 3:00 p.m. sharp, to hear statements by the Special Procedure mandate holders and other experts and engage with them in an interactive dialogue, pursuant to the programme of work. The meeting is adjourned.