Third Committee, 30th plenary meeting - General Assembly, 81st session

Good afternoon, colleagues. The 30th meeting of the Third Committee at the 81st session of the General Assembly is called to order. I now invite the committee to continue its consideration of agenda item 70, entitled Promotion and Protection of Human Rights, and its sub-items A to D. I would like to welcome the Chair of the Commission on Human Rights in South Sudan, Ms. Yasmine Sorca. Participants wishing to make comments and pose questions to the speaker are invited to press their microphone button within the next three minutes, after which the list will be closed. The time limit for each speaker will be announced before the floor is given to the first speaker. Thank you for your cooperation. I now invite the member of the Commission on Human Rights in South Sudan to make an introductory statement. Ms. Sokka, you have the floor.

Thank you. Chair, Excellencies, distinguished delegates, I speak for the Commission on Human Rights in South Sudan and on behalf of my colleagues, Mr. Barney Afako and Mr. Carlos Castro Sano. As South Sudan approaches its first elections, the political settlement intended to prevent another war is being systematically undermined. In July, the government dropped the permanent constitution and census as preconditions for elections, and further unilateral conditional and electoral amendments following in September. On the 22nd of September, the president dissolved the transitional government and legislatures, removed the vice presidents, and appointed a caretaker administration answerable to him alone. These measures amount to a constitutional coup through legislative means, the unilateral removal of safeguards for inclusive power sharing and the concentration of authority in the president. The peace agreement supremacy formally survives, but the institutions through which it was to operate have been dismantled. Former first vice president, Dr. Riek Machar, remains detained and on trial, while his party and other opposition actors remain excluded from the process. Fighting has resumed with tens of thousands of fighters outside unified command. Elections under these conditions risk triggering a wider war. South Sudanese have the right to choose their leaders freely and without fear. Elections, however, cannot justify abrogating the peace agreement safeguards, inclusive governance, political competition, power sharing, and institutional oversight. The right to vote requires civic freedoms, including movement, association, and expression. The incumbent president is a candidate in an election overseen by institutions under his control, and the result is de facto one-party rule before a single vote is cast. The incumbent controls the caretaker administration and governs without legislative scrutiny. Elections risk entrenching the ruling party's monopoly on power and giving democratic government cover to the destruction of the peace agreement. For South Sudan, this threatens the bargain intended to prevent a return to war. For regional guarantors, it tests whether their guarantees carry any force. For the people of South Sudan, violence is already a daily reality. On the 6th of March, the army ordered civilians, peacekeepers, and aid agencies to leave Akobo ahead of military operations. Akobo housed an estimated 270,000 people, including displaced and host communities. In Upper Nile and Jonglei, Aerial bombardment and ground offensives have driven families from their home. The May 2025 attack on Old Phang Gak struck an MSF hospital, destroyed its pharmacy, and killed seven people. A year later, MSF reported that the hospital remained closed, and the harm endures long after the aircraft leave. Children continue to be recruited by armed actors. Women and girls endure conflict-related sexual violence, while access to treatment and protection remains gravely inadequate. Commanders implicated in grave violations join state forces without vetting, and appointments reward men under Security Council sanctions. Impunity enables further atrocities. The Commission's August assessment identified converging risk factors under the UN framework of analysis for atrocity crimes, armed mobilization, political exclusion, weakened institutions, and entrenched impunity. But South Sudan has been here before. In 2013 and 2016, political confrontation escalated into war and systematic ethnically targeted killings. With war devastating neighboring Sudan and Ugandan troops reportedly inside South Sudan, renewed conflict threatens regional security. Regional and external actors must de-escalate and cease support that enables violations. Expressions of concern have not deterred those driving this crisis, and member states must attach consequences to violations and measurable commitments to diplomacy. The commission therefore calls for five urgent actions. First, activate the joint AU, EGAD and UN task force requested by the C5+ Summit on the 29th of September with a mandate to restore inclusive governance under the revitalized agreement with deadlines, public benchmarks, and coordinated political backing. Second, demand an immediate cessation of hostilities, an end to unlawful attacks on civilians, and unimpeded humanitarian access. Resource UNMIS to protect civilians and insist on freedom of movement for peacekeepers and human rights monitors. Third, insist on independently assessed electoral safeguards, civic freedoms, credible registration processes, participation of refugees and displaced people, and impartial dispute resolution. International support must advance these guarantees and not confer legitimacy on their removal. Fourth, make accountability operational. The African Union must establish the hybrid court, support credible domestic prosecutions, preserve evidence and protect witnesses, enforce the arms embargo, and apply targeted measures against those responsible for serious violations and those financing them. Demand transparency over public revenues diverted from essential services. Fifth, sustain humanitarian response, survivor services, and independent human rights scrutiny, including this commission's mandate. Reducing these capacities as danger grows would leave civilians more exposed. Chairperson, South Sudanese want to live without fear and determine their own future. This assembly must stand behind those aspirations. The patterns are well documented. The opportunity to prevent wider atrocities is narrowing, and this is really a call to member states for action to avert another catastrophe. I thank you.

I thank the Chair of the Commission on Human Rights in South Sudan. I will now open the floor for any questions or comments for Ms. Soka. As per past practice, I would ask the delegations to limit their comments to three minutes. I thank you for your kind cooperation. I will now first give the floor to the distinguished representative of South Sudan, who has seven minutes. You have the floor.

Thank you, Chair. Thank you, Madam Moderator, for the report. The Government of the Republic of South Sudan remains firmly committed to peace, stability, the implementation of the revitalized agreement, and the promotion and protection of human rights, despite the considerable challenges facing our young nation. In demonstrating this commitment, the government has taken steps to facilitate the conduct of the general elections scheduled for 22nd December 2026. We have also continued to cooperate with the Commission, providing access to the country and opportunities to engage with government officials, civil society, and other stakeholders. The persons currently arrested have been accused of criminal offence and not political. They are being prosecuted in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution and laws of the Republic of South Sudan before a competent court open to the public. We wish to highlight several positive achievements, including the establishment of specialized courts to address gender-based violence and other serious offenses in the capital Juba, Wau, and Malakal; the demobilization of children associated with armed forces in collaboration with UNWIS, UNICEF, and other partners; and the establishment of the Commission for Truth, Reconciliation, and Healing, and the Compensation and Reparation authority as key transitional justice mechanism. As per the hybrid court, the government is still waiting for guidelines from the AU Commission. Madam Commissioner, we are acknowledging the importance of the Commission's mandate. The government believes that the resolution does not adequately reflect the progress achieved, the challenges on the ground, or the government's ongoing efforts to advance accountability and strengthen the role of the rule of law. We are particularly concerned about the use of terms such as "genocide" and "ethnic cleansing", which, in our view, do not accurately reflect the realities on the ground. We further believe that the resolution should adopt a more constructive and balanced approach. emphasizing technical assistance and capacity building under item 10, rather than a predominantly punitive approach under item 2. Such an approach would better support South Sudan's efforts to strengthen national institutions and advance its democratic transition. Madam Chair, in conclusion, South Sudan remains committed to constructive engagement with the human rights Council, the United Nations, and all partners, we call for continued support that recognizes progress, addresses remaining challenges objectively, and contributes to sustainable peace, credible elections, accountability, and the protection of human rights for all South Sudanese. I thank you.

I thank the representative of South Sudan. I will give the floor next to the representative of Norway, followed by European Union and United Kingdom. Norway, you have the floor.

Thank you, Chair. We welcome the Chair of the Commission and commend the Commission for its vital work documenting violations, preserving evidence, and advancing accountability. Norway is deeply alarmed by the continued worsening human rights situation in South Sudan. The Commission’s warning of an acute risk of renewed large-scale violence and atrocity crimes demands our urgent attention. Attacks against civilians and humanitarian personnel, conflict-related sexual violence, abductions, and displacement continue to inflict intolerable suffering. All parties must immediately cease hostilities, protect civilians, and ensure safe and unhindered humanitarian access. Those responsible for violations and abuses must be held to account. There can be no lasting peace while impunity remains the norm. The peace agreement's promise of an inclusive transition is being deliberately undermined, while respect for civic and political rights is increasingly eroding. The detention and marginalization of political opponents, restrictions on civil society and independent media, and intimidation against those who speak out are incompatible with a credible political process. Without these freedoms, elections will only risk entrenching exclusion and fueling further violence. South Sudan's leaders must choose inclusive dialogue rather than impose unilateral changes. At the same time, NORA remains gravely concerned that political influence, economic opportunity, and access to public resources are becoming ever more dependent on political office and patronage. Public resources should be solely used for the benefit of the people. Yet the current concentration of power will only exacerbate existing inequalities, weaken institutions, and undermine the rights and opportunities of the South Sudanese people. Commissioner, With violations on the rise, what concrete steps should the South Sudanese authorities and the international partners prioritize to advance meaningful accountability for serious violations over the coming year? I thank you.

I thank the representative of Norway. I'll give next to the representative of the European Union.

Chair, the European Union thanks the Commission for its valuable work for the people in South Sudan and for its most recent report. We appreciate South Sudan's continued cooperation with the Commission. We acknowledge the C5+ summit of 29 September 2026 and the Chair's commitment to elections on 22 December under a number of clearly stipulated preconditions. We also welcome the constitution of a C5 task force to monitor progress and provide political oversight. We stress the need to implement the revitalized agreement on the resolution of the conflict in South Sudan. At the same time, we share the deep disappointment of many South Sudanese at the continued violations of the ceasefire, widespread human rights abuses and violations, atrocities, and war crimes, the open and continuous dismantlement of the peace agreement, unilateral appointments, and the lack of any credible preparations for elections. We are concerned with the lack of protection of civilians, denial of humanitarian access, and frequent attacks on aid workers. Rampant corruption directly affects the very basis of existence for people in South Sudan and violates their social and economic rights. Living conditions have not improved, but in certain areas worsened, in particular food security. Extremely high levels of food insecurity, obstination persist. The political climate remains tense due to the detention of political prisoners and the ongoing trial against Riek Machar and his right to be tried fairly and without undue delay. The AU's request, which the EU supports, to consider his release has not been met or addressed, nor has his request for access to legal counsel or visits by family. The lack of commitment to national reconciliation, coupled with unresolved grievances, leaves little prospect for an improvement of the security situation, but risks further deterioration. This is of grave concern to the EU, given that the regional security situation is becoming increasingly acute, characterized as it is by an increasing interconnection of conflicts. Neither elections nor a change in leadership alone will provide the lasting peace with reconciliation and the provision of basic services to the population. We have two questions. What steps can national authorities take to safeguard political participation, agreements on human rights, and transitional justice commitments irrespective of electoral timetable? How can we help to safeguard in a post-election setting in case election happens, the Accia of the Peace Agreement, in particular the human rights provisions and transitional justice? I thank you.

I thank the representative of the European Union. I'll give the floor now to the representative of the United Kingdom. Microphone for the UK.

Thank you, Chair. We thank the Commission for its continued work documenting the human rights situation in South Sudan and advancing accountability. The Commission's latest reporting paints an alarming picture. Its February report renewed document renewed Its February report documents renewed conflict, attacks on civilians, conflict-related sexual violence, and grave violations against children, against a backdrop of weakening political and accountability safeguards. We are particularly concerned by the continued shrinking of civic space and restrictions on humanitarian access. The Commission's August advisory underscores the acute risk of renewed large-scale violence and atrocity crimes. As elections approach, we echo its call for the political, security, and human rights safeguards necessary for South Sudanese people to participate freely and peacefully. Elections must support, rather than substitute, a credible and inclusive transition. We urge South Sudan's leaders to de-escalate tensions, protect civilians and humanitarian workers, and renew genuine commitment to inclusive political dialogue. Ending impunity must be central to this, including through meaningful progress on the long-delayed transitional justice institutions. Commissioner, what immediate steps should South Sudanese leaders and international partners take to reduce atrocity risks and safeguard a peace and inclusive transition? Thank you.

I thank the representative of the UK. I'll give the floor next to the representative of Switzerland, to be followed by DPRK, Venezuela, and Ireland. Switzerland, you have the floor.

Madam Chair, Switzerland would like to thank the Commission on Human Rights in South Sudan for its work and its 14th visit to the country. Madam Chair, what priority measures should the authorities take to prevent election-related human rights violations and abuses and to ensure that this process does not become a further source of conflict? And how can the international community support them? We remain deeply concerned by the continuing violence and violations of human rights and international humanitarian law. We strongly condemn attacks against the population and civilian objects, including humanitarian personnel, transport, and infrastructure, such as health care facilities, and reiterate the obligations of all parties in accordance with Security Council resolution 2286 and 2730. With the elections scheduled to take place later this year, we share the Commission's assessment that the shrinking of political and civic space and the absence of essential safeguards are additional risk factors for violence. Switzerland calls for a genuinely inclusive political dialogue and respect for fundamental freedoms, which are essential conditions for free, peaceful, and credible elections. We call for the implementation of the revitalized agreement on conflict resolution, in particular the establishment of the hybrid court and the full operationalization of the mechanisms for truth, reconciliation, and reparation. I thank you.

I thank the representative of Switzerland. I'll give the floor next to the representative of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea.

Thank you, Madam Chair. My delegation reiterates its Its principle stands against country specific mandates, which in no way contribute to the improvement of human rights situation. The interact dialogue today on South Sudan exemplifies the instrumentalization of human rights. Such practice is contradictory to the principles of objectivity, impartiality, and non-selectivity in addressing human rights issue. Imposing intrusive monitoring approach only exacerbates political tension and hinders national reconciliation. I thank you.

I thank the representative of the DPRK. I'll give the floor next to the representative of Venezuela.

Madam Chair, the promotion and protection of all human rights requires a respectful dialogue and commitment, international cooperation, and the full respect of sovereign equality, political independence, non-interference in internal affairs, and self-determination for peoples in accordance with the UN Charter. From this position of principle, Venezuela calls again for the end of those practices intending to undermine human rights and the principles of objectivity, transparency, non-selectivity. and which only foster partial spaces for confrontation, undermining confidence in states and the credibility of the UN human rights mechanisms, particularly when there are mechanisms which do not have the consent of the states concerned. Here, we reassert the central role of the Universal Periodic Review as a tool for direct participation amongst equals in national states. We also recognize the contribution of the treaty bodies in the framework of the commitments entered into by each state, and technical assistance and capacity building granted by countries concerned and in agreements with their national priorities. Venezuela also states that dialogue and cooperation must prevail over confrontation and double standards. The protection of human rights requires a strengthening of multilateralism and preserving the spirit of mutual respect, which should be the leitmotif of this organization from a focus with the support of states to overcome their challenges by means of cooperation and technical assistance. Lastly, Venezuela urges the UN to support the endeavours of each State to achieve solutions based on their own particular national situations for the benefit of their peoples. We say once again that we are willing to make our contribution to a constructive dialogue and to fully promote sovereignty and the full agreement and enjoyment of all human rights without any exception or politicization. Thank you.

Representative of Venezuela. I'll give the floor next to the representative of Ireland, to be followed by Luxembourg, China, and the Sovereign Order of Malta. Ireland, you have the floor.

Chair, Ireland aligns itself with the statement of the European Union and thanks the Commission for its report. Ireland remains deeply concerned by the deterioration in the political, security, humanitarian, and human rights situation in South Sudan. The failure to fully implement the revitalized agreement on the resolution of the conflict in the Republic of South Sudan raises serious concerns about the viability of the transition process and heightens the risk of further human rights violations and abuses. We condemn the ongoing ethnically motivated violence against civilians, the recruitment of children into armed groups, and the widespread perpetration of conflict-related sexual and gender-based violence. We are particularly concerned by the continuing concentration of executive authority, persistent corruption, and the shrinking of political and civic space. We call on the Government of South Sudan to adhere to its obligations under international law and to fully engage with international human rights mechanisms. We call on all parties to recommit to the implementation of the revitalized peace agreement and to ensure an inclusive political transition that includes the full, equal, meaningful, and safe participation of women, youth, and civil society. Chair, what steps can the international community take to encourage renewed political commitment to the revitalized peace agreement? and to ensure that electoral process supports, rather than undermines, South Sudan's democratic transition and strengthens fundamental freedoms and the enjoyment of human rights. Thank you.

I thank the representative of Ireland. I'll give the floor to the representative of Luxembourg.

Thank you.

Madame la President.

Madame Chair. We associate ourselves with the statement made by the European Union. We thank the Commission of South Sudan on their report and the presentation today. We welcome their efforts to document human rights violations and combating impunity. We remain deeply concerned by continued violence and human rights violations we see in the report. Far too often, it's the civilians who pay the heaviest price for the conflict, in particular women and children. We're also very concerned by the forced recruitment of boys and young men by Juba, by sexual violence, and choosing victims depending on their ethnic origin. This aggravates the humanitarian situation, which is already very worrying. The reduced humanitarian funding internationally means that the amount of humanitarian assistance is lessened. Given the situation in South Sudan, what is the kind of support that Member States and international partners would be useful, according to you, to implement the revitalized agreement and strengthen the protection of civilians and fight impunity? I thank you.

I thank the representative of Luxembourg. I'll give the floor to the representative of China.

Madam Chair. China has noted the report by the Commission on Human Rights in South Sudan. Peace and development are the foundation and guarantee for the enjoyment of human rights. The current situation in South Sudan remains unstable, as political process is at a critical juncture. China supports resolving African issues through African solutions and calls on all parties to the conflict to abide by the ceasefire agreement and resolve their differences through inclusive dialogue. Madam Chair, China always advocates for constructive dialogue among all parties on human rights issues and opposes the politicization of human rights. We commend the efforts made by the Government of South Sudan in promoting and protecting human rights and call on the international community to fully understand and respect South Sudan’s national conditions, respect its sovereignty, and provide necessary assistance in light of the needs of the Government and people of South Sudan. The international community should demonstrate sufficient inclusiveness and patience, support the South Sudanese government in better fulfilling its primary responsibility for maintaining peace and protecting civilians, and increase humanitarian assistance. China actively participates in UN peacekeeping operations, has provided South Sudan with multiple shipments of food and medicine and medical supplies, assisted in infrastructure construction, and conducted capacity-building training. China is ready to continue to contribute to the peaceful development of South Sudan. Thank you, Chair.

I thank the representative of China. I'll give the floor next to the representative of Cuba.

Madam Chair, good afternoon. Selective practices, double standards and punitive approaches do not improve the situation regarding human rights in any country. They just lead to confrontation and a lack of trust. Therefore, Cuba is against exercises of this sort, which are used as tools for pressure and in the interest of political hegemonic interest. Such methods do not have the consent of the countries concerned and therefore will inevitably fail. Moreover, they hamper international cooperation when it comes to human rights. Cuba favors a cooperation and dialogue in the Universal Periodic Review as the appropriate way to look at the question of the promotion and protection of human rights in all countries throughout the world on objective and non-discriminatory basis. Against this backdrop, Cuba once again reiterates its support for South Sudan regarding this exercise manipulated against it. Thank you.

I thank the representative of Cuba. I'll give the floor to the representative of Sovereign Order of Malta.

Thank you, Madam Chair. Last year, the Sovereign Order of Malta called for peace, dignity, and the protection of human rights in South Sudan. One year later, we find ourselves here again, renewing the same appeals. The situation remains deeply concerning. According to the latest United Nations report, more than 7.5 million people in South Sudan are expected to face crisis levels of food insecurity or worse this year, including more than 2.2 million facing emergency levels of hunger. More than 2.1 million children under the age of five are estimated to suffer from acute malnutrition. Meanwhile, over 10 million people require humanitarian assistance, and approximately nine in ten South Sudanese live in poverty. These figures represent more than a humanitarian emergency. They reflect the daily reality of millions of people whose ability to enjoy their fundamental rights, including the rights to food, water, health, and an adequate standard of living, remains severely constrained. Madam Chair, the Order of Malta supports access to safe water, sanitation, and hygiene through the construction of wells, the rehabilitation of school facilities, the provision of household latrines, and hygiene education in schools and communities. We also work to strengthen food security by distributing locally produced seeds and agricultural tools, providing training in sustainable farming practices, and supporting kitchen and school gardens. Where flooding has destroyed homes and crops, we assist affected families in restoring access to clean water, receiving essential hygiene supplies, and resuming agricultural activities. These efforts reflect a fundamental conviction: humanitarian assistance must not only alleviate immediate suffering, but also help people recover their livelihoods, strengthen their resilience, and live with dignity. Humanitarian assistance, however, cannot be a substitute for peace. Continued support for the conflict only prolongs the suffering of civilians and undermines the prospects for lasting peace. The international community must therefore act collectively to help bring an end to the fighting and create the conditions in which the people of South Sudan can live in peace, security, and dignity. I thank you.

I thank the representative of the Sovereign Order of Malta, who was our last speaker for this dialogue. I now give the floor to the Chair of the Commission on Human Rights in South Sudan.

Thank you, Madam Chair. I think that the situation is explained in the statement we have made before this assembly. The situation is critical. You should understand that South Sudan has never made an election, has never had an elected government or parliament. Everything has been provisional since the moment they got the independence in 2011. And in this very weak and volatile situation, they had a first civil war in 2013. They signed a peace agreement in 2015. They retake the violence with terrible ethnic massacres in 2016, and they finally signed a revitalized peace agreement in 2018. The pillars of this peace agreement establish sharing power, consensus, and international oversight. And all these guarantees These check and balances have just been unilaterally dismantled because the country tried to go to a general election in 2022, and it was postponed, tried again in 2024, and it was again postponed. And now the president has decided unilaterally to amend the constitution, to amend the electoral legislation. and to organize an election without an electoral census, without an independent electoral authority to solve the controversies, without a constitution that is the general framework in which the movement for establishing a permanent democratic regime of government has been approved. So in this very provisional situation, the government has decided to dismiss the the five vice presidents, to dismantle the parliament, even provisional, and to fire the complete government that was a government of coalition and a strange coalition because it was a coalition of enemies in the world that signed the agreement with the condition basically of sharing the power. This is not anymore in force, so we are going to a process of election with violence in almost all the territories, without the check and balances domestically and without the oversight of the international community. In this very risky, extremely risky situations, especially for the most vulnerable, A country with 11 million population, two millions displaced, two other millions refugees in the neighboring countries, and seven millions surviving thanks to the humanitarian support of the international community. Behind the controversy, which is supposedly territorial and is ethnic, relies the problem of the natural resources. South Sudan is a rich country. They have an enormous resources of oil, probably gas, and then gold, but these resources are not distributed for the benefit of the population. They are just shared by an economic, political, and military elite. And under this problem, which is underlying the conflict, the political participation and the sharing power of the political opposition has been eliminated. unilaterally, and the President is the first candidate in the presidential content. In this situation, we have, answering to all your question, talk for the dialogue, for the cooperation, for coming back to the table of negotiation. The government with the political opposition. First of all, we are asking you to activate the diplomacy. the United Nations, the African Union, the IGAD, and forcing the parties in the controversy to come back to dialogue and trying to get consensus in order to make a sustainable electoral process that can be reliable and that can prevent atrocities against civilian population. The cessation of hostilities is a precondition for a free election where people can vote without fear. It is necessary to establish not this kind of unilateral legal framework, but a legal framework that can guarantee electoral safeguards in order to be able to trust the results of this electoral process precipitated unilaterally by the President. Make accountability operational because impunity, especially for the most vulnerable, for the abuses of children being recruited as soldiers, girls being abused, women submitted to endemic sexual violence, need to be rectified. And it cannot be with a non-existent, almost non-existent domestic judiciary. It must be enabled by the African Union creating the hybrid court provided for since eight years ago in the revitalized peace agreement. It is necessary also to sustain the humanitarian response of the international community because seven million people are surviving thanks to this humanitarian support, and these are the minimal conditions to be able to prevent the atrocities that, if not are prevented will probably, unfortunately, happen again. It happened already in 2013. It happened again in 2016. Let's be sure, calling to action, that it doesn't happen again in 2026. Thank you.

I thank Mr. Carlos Fernandes, the member of the Commission on Human Rights in South Sudan. I now welcome the independent expert on the situation of human rights in the Central African Republic, Mr. Aristide Nonansi. Participants wishing to make comments and pose questions to the speaker are invited at this time to press their microphone button within the next three minutes, after which the list will be closed. The time limit for each speaker will be announced before the floor is given to the first speaker. Thank you for your cooperation. I now invite the Independent Expert on the situation of human rights in the Central African Republic to make an introductory statement. Mr. Nonon, you have the floor.

Madam Chair, Your Excellencies, ladies and gentlemen representatives, I should like to thank you for giving me the opportunity to outline to you the main observations in my report on the situation of human rights in the Central African Republic. I should like to thank the Central African authorities for their cooperation and thank also MINUSCA, the UN country team, national institutions, and civil society organizations for their commitment to promote and protect human rights. The Central African Republic has moved through significant stages. The electoral cycle of 2025 to 2026 is completed. whereas also the disarmament and reintegration actions are continuing. This progress, however, should lead to specific improvements when it comes to respect of human rights, security and welfare, the welfare of the entire nation. The protection of civilians is a major priority. Between October 2025 and June 2026, the MINUSCA Human Rights Division documented 1,639 violations and attacks against human rights with 2,812 victims. These figures speak loud of the extent of the challenges which remain. Violations and documented attacks are attributed to various actors, particularly non-state armed groups, Central African armed forces, and foreign military personnel present at the invitation of the Central African government. These include murders of civilians, summary or extrajudicial executions, abductions followed by death, death because of armed clashes, as well as other attacks on physical and mental integrity. I wish to recall a fundamental principle here: all parties concerned must observe international human rights law and, depending on the circumstances, international humanitarian law. Any credible allegation of the violation of these principles must give rise to a prompt, independent, impartial and thorough inquiry, and those responsible must answer for their actions pursuant to the relevant law. Moreover, sexual violence and restrictions on freedom of movement continue to affect peoples severely. Women and girls are particularly exposed to sexual violence linked to conflict, and children. remain also vulnerable when it comes to various forms of violation and abuse. Recent investigations confirm that there are still worrying tendencies when it comes to conflict linked sexual violence, particularly by armed groups. They highlight the risks of armed groups and still not disarmed and operating outside effective command structures, at the same time, access of survivors men and women to medical care, psychosocial support, and other essential services is severely hampered, particularly by the lack of qualified staff in the most far-off regions of the country. The prevention of the recruitment and the use of children by armed groups, the freedom of children involved, and their lasting reintegration must remain absolute priorities. The attack in Darfur on the 30th of June, 2026, as well as the repercussions of the conflict in the Sudan, illustrate the remaining risks in the northeast of the CAR and in front border areas. Protection of civilians requires lasting preventive measures and responses able to cope with cross-border threats and safe, swift, unhampered humanitarian access. Ladies and gentlemen, combating impunity is vital if there is to be lasting peace. I welcome the efforts of the Special Criminal Court and the national jurisdictions to drive forward justice and accountability. On 23 September 2026, the International Criminal Court declared Mohamed Saeed Anunkani, a former Seleka commander, guilty of several crimes against humanity in CR 2013. This decision reminds us of how important it is to combat impunity and ensure that victims have their right to justice, truth, and reparation pursuant to relevant law. It is vital to continue strengthening national judicial mechanisms in order to ensure their independence and that all victims can effectively attain justice with no discrimination. Madam, the consolidation of peace, peace building also depends on access to essential services, reconciliation, and dialogue at a local level. Actions intended to improve access to education, social services, vital social services, and effective mediation mechanisms when it comes to community conflicts must be supported and strengthened, particularly in the most far-flung areas and the most vulnerable communities. The transition of MINUSCO also requires particular attention. Any withdrawal or transfer of responsibility must be done gradually in an orderly fashion and consonant with the realities on the ground. There should be no security gap as a result, neither should the protection of civilians. humanitarian access or the respect of the rule of law be compromised thereby. This transition must also take into account the human and economic consequences. It is therefore vital to anticipate effects here, to consult the people and communities concerned, and to ensure that there are flanking measures that are appropriate. A responsible transition must preserve what has been achieved when it comes to security and protection of civilians, while restricting negative repercussions on employment and local economy. Madam, I encourage the Central African authorities to continue and to boost their efforts for the rule of law, the protection of civilians, justice, and combating impunity. I call on armed groups to forego violence, to put an end to the violations and attacks on human rights, and fully to become involved in the peace processes. I also urge international partners to continue to support the CAR, particularly when it comes to strengthening national institutions, protecting civilian populations, access to justice, and peace building. Peace will only be real peace, lasting peace, when every Central African man and woman can fully exercise their rights, have access to justice and essential services, and live in safety, dignity, and free of fear. Thank you.

Independent Expert on the situation of human rights in the Central African Republic. I will now open the floor for any questions or comments to Mr. Nononssi. As per past practice, I would ask the delegations to limit their comments to three minutes. I thank you for your kind cooperation. I'll give the floor first to the distinguished representative of Central African Republic. You have seven minutes.

Madam Chair. The delegation of the Central African Republic would like to thank Mr. Aristide Nonansi, the independent expert, for his report and for the dialogue as well with the national authorities. Our cooperation with this mandate shows how important, we believe, the promotion of the human rights, the rule of law, and combating impunity. We note the progress acknowledged in the report, particularly strengthening of institutions, the gradual restoring of state authority, and actions in favor of peace. These, under the aegis of President Faesal Ankang, remain fragile. As was said on the 20th of October last in the Security Council, international cooperation is needed, which is predictable, sustained, and attuned to the real capacities of the country. We note the concerns around violations of human rights and all credible accusations, regardless of where it comes from, require impartial and strict investigation so that justice may be pursued and that any trial may be equitable. Documentation must be more accurate, verifiable, and take into account the response of national authorities. The framework for consultation between the Ministry of Defence and the MINUSCA Human Rights Division, acknowledged by the, welcomed, commended by the expert, is a useful instrument for monitoring and evaluation. The government is also looking at jurisdiction. strengthening criminal law and developing the ability of military justice. Procedural delays and tensions require sustained reforms and additional resources. The support of the ICC remains unwavering. We call on our partners to ensure a lasting and predictable funding there, and to ensure also the protection of victims and witnesses. Reforms underway of the International Commission of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms are intended to ensure that there is a national mechanism for prevention of torture. We would like to have support for this in accordance with the Paris Principles. and other encouragements. But a lasting threat to security, particularly in Wackada, repercussions of the conflict in Sudan also require the protection of people when it comes to the movement of arms and armed groups and the displacement of people. We need regional cooperation to strengthen what can be done, restricted, logistical, scarce logistical assets mean that it's difficult to ensure protection for people. The realities of the CAR budget have to be fully incorporated in our thoughts. Available resources restrict state capacity when it comes to funding forces of defense and security, justice, and essential services. need real support so that national institutions can truly carry out their responsibilities. This must guide the transition of MINUSCA. Our country is attached to national ownership and accountability. The transfer of each function, however, must be prepared, and this means staff being involved, equipment, material, the state here must be able to ensure that recurrent expenses are met. We want to see an agreed, progressive transition based on the real conditions that apply. This must be supported by national institutions truly able to exercise their responsibilities for the protection of our people. The budget contributions of the UN cannot alone deal with this. We need additional resources, additional finances, so that we can mobilize funding that is predictable so that we can strengthen national capacity and ensure humanitarian access for the protection of civilians. We have to have enhanced cooperation between the government, the UN country team, and MINUSCA, and international financial institutions. These must support justice, the reform of the security sector, the social reintegration of former competence, and there must also be access to drinking water. The transition up to 2030 was based on priorities agreed with the national authorities, measurable objectives that have been clearly identified. Peace cannot be dissociated from development. The State has lastingly to have the necessary means to protect its people and ensure the full exercise of everyone's rights. Thank you.

I thank the representative of the Central African Republic. I'll give the floor next to the representative of Ireland, to be followed by European Union and China. Ireland, you have the floor.

Thank you, Chair. Ireland aligns with the EU statement to follow and thanks the independent expert for his report. We welcome the recent peaceful elections and the cooperation of the Government of the Central African Republic with the UN Independent Expert, MINUSCA Human Rights Division, and other human rights mechanisms. We encourage the Government to continue their efforts to strengthen national institutions, including with regard to the administration of justice and to combating impunity. We continue to be concerned by the impact of armed conflict in the Central African Republic, with reported human rights violations including killings, abductions, summary executions, and forced recruitment of children by armed groups. The persistence of sexual and gender-based violence and the barriers that victims face in seeking justice is also of deep concern. Ireland urges the Government of the Central African Republic to ensure that all human rights violations are fully investigated and that perpetrators are held accountable. Transparent accountability processes for human rights violations by all parties to the conflict, including members of the State security forces, State-affiliated forces, and armed groups, are essential to combat impunity and for a lasting peace. Mr Nanzi, how best can the international community support the government of the Central African Republic in their efforts to combat impunity, particularly in the regions most affected by continuing insecurity? Thank you.

I thank the representative of Ireland. I'll give the flow next to the representative of the European Union.

Madam Chair, I have the honour of taking the floor on behalf of the European Union and its member states. Independent experts, sir, your last report acknowledges progress in Central African Republic in such areas as strengthening institutions, fighting impunity, and continuing with the electoral process launched in December 2025. We welcome the efforts made by the Government of CAR in this regard, and we also acknowledge the valuable assistance by MINUSCO in conducting elections. We also want to recall here the importance of having an inclusive political dialogue and of the protection of civic space. Despite all of these efforts and progress towards stability, your report underlines that the humanitarian and human rights situation in the country remains fragile. Women, children, the internally displaced, refugees, and other groups in vulnerable situations are particularly exposed. In 2026, the European Union provided approximately 20 million euros, in excess of 20 million euros, and humanitarian assistance, including to face the consequences of the conflict in Sudan. The European Union and member states call for the signatories to fully implement the political agreement on peace and reconciliation of 2019 and subsequent agreements and commit within the GDR program. We welcome the crucial role played by MINUSCO, side by side with other UN bodies, regional partners, international partners, and civil society organizations in support of the Central African government. We encourage the Central African Republic and its partners to Implement the recommendations you have formulated in your report. The efforts made by the Government of the Central African Republic to strengthen judicial institutions, support a transitional justice mechanism, and promote national reconciliation need to be continued and built upon. also welcome the work that's being done by the International Criminal Court and the Special Criminal Court as they fight impunity. In this context, please allow me to mention this long-standing support by the European Union and its member states to the Special Criminal Court, including through financial assistance and the secondment of judges. Distinguished independent expert, which priority measures would you recommend so as to strengthen the capacity of the Central African Republic to fight impunity, in particular in the area of transitional justice? I thank you.

I thank the representative of the European Union. I'll give the floor to the representative of China.

Madam Chair. China notes the report of the independent expert on the human rights situation in Central African Republic. China commends the CAR government’s efforts to implement the African Charter on Human and People’s Rights, engage constructively with the UN human rights mechanisms, and to advance the domestic peace process and safeguard human rights. China welcomes its historic elections and the significant progress made in the peace process, state governance, and in the development and reconstruction of the country. China has always called for resolving differences in the field of human rights through constructive dialogue and cooperation, and opposed the politicization of human rights and interferences in other countries' internal affairs. The discussions of the international community should contribute to the peace, stability and development in the CAR. China supports Africans finding African solutions to African problems, and it welcomes the regional countries and organizations playing an active role to fully restore stability and order in CAR at an early date. China stands ready to work with the international community, uphold a vision of common, comprehensive, cooperative, and sustainable security, and jointly champion the protection, promotion, and advancement of human rights through security, development, and cooperation, thereby providing support and assistance to peace process in the CAR. Thank you, Madam Chair.

I thank the representative of China, who was our last speaker for this dialogue, and I now give the floor to the independent expert on the situation of human rights in the Central African Republic. Mr. Aristide, you have the floor.

Thank you, Madam Chair, and I thank the various speakers for their comments and questions. To underscore once again what I said in the report, we have seen achievements, but we want to make sure that this is consolidated and built upon. And this means that all of the mechanisms that exist so as to consolidate human rights protection, justice, that all of this be implemented. And that's why we think that the Special Criminal Court plays an important role in combating impunity. It showed itself capable of judging the perpetrators of the most serious crimes. The Court has encountered difficulties, first of all, financial ones, also witness and victims protection, also the execution of arrest warrants and bilateral cooperation. in particular, to legal cooperation. So what I would recommend, since you asked me, is a political, financial, lasting support to the Special Criminal Court to make sure that the court can fully play its role, remain judicially independent, and then the transfer of competences from this court to national courts be done progressively. This is what I wanted to underscore. Another thing that I wanted to underscore is on transitional justice. We have to make sure that the commissions that exist and work in this area be independent financially and that they're operational. There have been reforms in the past, members of the commissions have been renewed, and We now have to make sure that the commission goes to various regions, conducts investigations, conduct hearings, and works on all of the pillars of transitional justice to also come up with a report. And that means that the commission has to be helped here as well. So essentially, this is what I wanted to say by way of reacting to what was said. The deployment in some area in the north was mentioned, so the cross-border Communities also have to be supported to have inter-community dialogues, protect women in particular, to make sure that we have an inclusive dialogue so we can contain the conflict. That's what I wanted to say and recommend at this stage in reaction to a question put to me. Thank you.

I thank the independent expert on the situation of human rights in the Central African Republic. We'll now take a very brief pause to wait for the next briefer to be on the podium. She'll be here shortly, so we'll take a very brief pause of the meeting. Okay. I now welcome the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Ms. Elizabeth Salmon. Participants wishing to make comments and pose questions to the speaker are invited at this time to press the microphone button within the next three minutes, after which the list will be closed. The time limit for each speaker will be announced before the floor is given to the first speaker. Thank you for your cooperation. I now invite the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea to make an introductory statement. Ms. So-Mo, you have

it. Madam Chair, Excellencies, distinguished delegates, it is an honor to present my report on the situation of human rights in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea. During the reporting period, people in the country continued to experience severe restriction on fundamental freedoms, intensified surveillance, and strengthening mechanisms of ideological and social control. While the authorities have announced measures aimed at improving the standard of living and expanding infrastructure, including hospitals and regional centers, Many people continue to face economic hardship, rapid inflation, restrictions on private commercial activities, food insecurity, and lack of access to medicine. It is impossible for people to leave the country without permission. These challenges affect the enjoyment of a broad range of human rights, including the right to life itself. The right to life is the supreme right from which no derogation is permitted, and a right that underpins the enjoyment of all other human rights. The DPRK has committed itself to protect this right through ratifying core human rights treaties. During the fourth cycle of the Universal Periodic Review, the DPRK supported, for the first time, Recommendations concerning the reduction of the scope of death penalty and improvements to detention conditions. This express support presents an opportunity that should not be missed. The international community should continue to encourage practical cooperation to promote implementation of these commitments. At the same time, the DPRK is strongly encouraged to track its progress and report on development through a mid-term report and in its national report for the fifth cycle of the UPR. Ladies and gentlemen, recent developments in the DPRK regrettably indicate an expansion rather than a restriction of the death penalty. Since 2015, the number of offenses punishable by the death under the criminal law has reportedly doubled. Additional legislation has further broadened the scope of capital punishment to include offenses related to drug control, the dissemination of foreign cultural content, and other acts that do not involve intentional killing. International human rights law is clear. The death penalty may be imposed only for crimes involving serious cases of intentional killing. In addition, there is an increasing recognition that it is almost impossible for states to impose the death penalty while fully compliant with their human rights obligations, including the prohibition of torture. In this context, my report also highlights serious concerns regarding due process and fair trial guarantees. Severe sentences may be effectively determined before judicial proceedings take place. Confessions are often relied upon, and defendants may have only nominal legal representation or none at all. Reports of public trials followed by immediate executions raise further concerns regarding the right to appeal and the right to seek pardon, clemency, or commutation of sentence. The lack of transparency in the application of the death penalty in the DPRK prevents meaningful scrutiny and accountability, increases the anguish of families, and it is itself inconsistent with international human rights obligations. Allegations concerning the execution of forcibly repatriated women, many of whom have been victims of trafficking, illustrate the urgent need for a gender responsive approach to criminal justice and the protection of human rights. Beyond the application of the death penalty, my report examines deaths occurring in detention resulting from torture, forced labor, malnutrition, and inadequate medical care. Under international law, states bear a heightened duty of care towards all persons deprived of their liberty and have the duty to investigate any alleged violation of the right to life in custody. I also express concern regarding significant casualties among soldiers deployed to the armed conflict between the Russian Federation and Ukraine. The DPRK has an obligation to take all reasonable measures to safeguard the lives and physical integrity of its military personnel and to ensure that youth are not encouraged to embrace notions of self-sacrifice. Distinguished delegates, I call upon the DPRK to establish a moratorium on executions as a first step towards abolition of the death penalty as a demonstration of its commitment to respect the right to life. I also encourage the DPRK to amend legislation in accordance with international law, to publish transparent and disaggregated information regarding its use of the death penalty. The protection of the right to life is not only a legal obligation, it is also an essential foundation for human dignity and sustainable peace. Human rights, peace and security, and development are mutually reinforcing. The DPRK itself openly talks about human rights in the international forum. Thus, I encourage all member states to continue supporting efforts aim at advancing accountability, protecting victims, and strengthening civil society, and promoting meaningful engagement on human rights in the DPRK. Let me finish by saying that I condemn the sanctions against the International Criminal Court and the Special Rapporteur on the occupied Palestinian territory. I call on all states to strengthen their support to the international system, placing victims of human rights violations at the center. I thank you for your attention.

I thank the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the DPRK. I'll now open the floor for questions or comments to the Special Rapporteur. As per past practice, I ask delegations to limit their comments to 2.5 minutes. I thank you for your kind cooperation. I'll now give the floor to the representative of the European Union, followed by Cuba, Montenegro, and Belarus. European Union, you have the floor.

Thank you, madam Chair. I have the honour to speak on behalf of the EU and its member states. Special Rapporteur, thank you for your regular reporting, which helps to shed light on a country whose government does everything in its power to restrict access to information. Your mandate and the work of the UN does vital work in keeping the situation in the DPRK high on the agenda of the international community, preventing it from becoming a forgotten crisis. Your latest report paints a grim picture of people facing severe restrictions on human rights and fundamental freedoms, as well as intensified surveillance and strengthened mechanisms of ideological and social control. You describe persistent patterns of arbitrary deprivation of life through expanded imposition of the death penalty, executions without fair trial, deaths in detention, and other practices which place individuals under state control at serious risk of death. This goes together with a further tightening of civic space and personal freedom, as reports indicate that the population continues to experience severe restrictions on the enjoyment of their human rights. The State's declared commitment to improving the material living standards of its people must go hand in hand with respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms. A common factor is the priority given to the demands of a war economy. The EU strongly condemns the deployment of DPRK military forces in Russia's war of aggression against Ukraine, as well as the continued military support provided to Russia. We urge the authorities to immediately cease any direct or indirect assistance to Russia in that regard, including the deployment of DPRK military personnel under conditions which raise concerns about coercion, lack of informed consent, and violations of their fundamental rights. The EU continues to urge the DPRK to engage in constructive action and dialogue with the international community, including the Special Rapporteur, and grant her long-overdue access to the country. It is time to put an end to human rights violations in the DPRK, to respect, protect, and fulfil human rights and the rule of law, and to ensure accountability. Madam Special Rapporteur, which measures can be taken to address current grave challenges to enjoyment to the right of life in the country? Thank you.

I thank the representative of the European Union. I'll give the floor next to the representative of Cuba.

Madam

I speak on behalf of the Group of Friends in Defence of the UN Charter. The group is deeply concerned about the continued proliferation, including procedural mechanisms, claiming to assess the human rights situation in various states without the consent and participation of the state in question, but also providing reports based on second-hand or third-hand reports, which could lack credibility. This undermines the credibility of these documents and also bestows upon them supposed legitimacy because they are issued by organs of the UN. We very much regret the fact that this does not recognize the defense of human rights when we consider the main obstacles of the countries up against particularly illegal use of UCMs. The treaty bodies and special procedures concerning human rights are mechanisms intended to promote the true spirit of human rights in a just and constructive fashion on the basis of dialogue and cooperation within a framework of mutual respect and in accordance with the principles enshrined in the UN Charter. To conclude, while we call for the end of the politicization of human rights, we believe that the only way, Group of Friends, to ensure the real observation of human rights in our organization is to foster multilateralism, inclusive dialogue, and international cooperation. The Republic of Cuba joins with this in its national capacity. Thank you.

I thank the representative of Cuba. I'll give the floor now to the representative of Montenegro.

Thank you, madam Chair.

We thank Special Rapporteur Salmond for her report. Montenegro remains deeply concerned about the persistent and widespread human rights violations

in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, particularly the alarming findings concerning the right of life.

We are especially disturbed by the

expansion of offences punishable by death, including for activities related to freedom of expression and access to information.

The reported use of public executions, lack of due process guarantees, and deaths in detention are deeply troubling.

Montenegro reiterates its principled opposition to the death penalty in all circumstances and calls for its abolition.

We are equally concerned about the continued restrictions on fundamental freedoms,

the situation with women and girls, and the lack of independent human rights monitoring. We urge the DPRK to engage meaningfully with UN human rights mechanisms, grant unhindered access to the Special Rapporteur, and take concrete steps towards implementing its international human rights obligations.

Madam Special Rapporteur, given the continued lack of access to the country, what practical measures

could the international community take to strengthen independent monitoring and accountability for violations of human rights to life? Thank you.

I thank the representative of Montenegro. I'll give the floor to the representative of Belarus.

Distinguished Chair, colleagues, we note with regret the slanted approach used in the report of the Special Rapporteur. The report is essentially containing criticisms of the Korean authorities and contains a number of contradictory statements. The Special Rapporteur, for example, says that The judiciary in DPRK has to take into account coercion and economic difficulties in issuing sentences, but she forgot to mention that the economic difficulties result from the UCMs, which negatively influence human rights. The Special Rapporteur also accused DPRK of sending servicemen to participate in the armed conflict between Russia and Ukraine, stating that states using armed force against the sovereignty and territorial integrity of other states violate the right to life. And here again, she forgot that the service people of DPRK were there to protect the Kursk Oblast, which is internationally recognized as Russian territory. So who, after all, is violating the right to life? Your statement today was also disingenuous when you said that DPRK is violating international law, according to which the death penalty can only be used for intentional killing. This is a definition which only exists in the note number 36 of the Human Rights Committee, and the International Pact on Political and Civil Rights talks about the most grievous crimes. The approaches in the report have nothing to do with the principles of universality, impartiality, objectivity, and non-selectivity, which underpin the entire system. And in this regard, we confirm our principled position of not accepting the country approaches in the UN work. We object categorically against using human rights so as to justify interference in internal affairs of sovereign states. Let me underscore again that in order to improve the human rights situation of DPRK, we do not need a costly post of Special Rapporteur or her coming dedication, but just the will of States to have an equitable and respective dialogue. I thank you.

I thank the representative of Belarus. I'll give the floor next to the representative of Japan, to be followed by Peru, United Kingdom, and Eritrea. Japan, you have the floor.

Thank you, Madam Chair. Japan expresses its respect for the work of the SR, Madam Salman. and reiterate its deep concern about the human rights situation in North Korea. The report by OHCHR released last September assesses that the overall human rights situation in North Korea, in many aspects, has deteriorated over the past decade. In particular, the issue of abductions by North Korea is a universal issue that concerns the entire international community, as it constitutes a violation of fundamental human rights. The issue is also an ongoing humanitarian issue, as the abductees and their families continue to age. Considering the tremendous suffering that they have endured over the years, there is no time to spare. Japan continues to count on the understanding and cooperation of the SR and the international community toward the immediate resolution of abduction issues. Japan will continue to fully cooperate with the vital mandate of the SR. Thank you.

I thank the representative of Japan. I'll give the floor to the representative of Peru.

Thank you very much, Madam Chair. I should like to thank the Special Rapporteur, Madame Elizabeth Salmond, for the presentation of her report and for the work that she's doing in carrying out her remit. The UN system regarding human rights is supported by the duty of states to cooperate. This ensures the appropriate function of special rapporteurs so that they can appropriately carry out the responsibilities entrusted to them. My delegation recognizes the value of an independent and impartial approach, and particularly a focus on victims, which we see in the report from the Special Rapporteur. Here, we believe that an open and constructive dialogue with the UN human rights mechanisms and also willingness to aid in these roles will support trust and the universality of the system. Peru wishes to continue to see this spirit being strengthened, and particularly regarding the special reports. We do acknowledge the important role they play in our collective system to promote and protect human rights. We iterate our support for the work done by the Special Rapporteur, and we thank her very much for what she does.

Thank you. I thank the representative of Peru. I give the floor to the representative of the United Kingdom.

Thank you, Chair, and thank you, Special Rapporteur, for your update. The United Kingdom remains deeply concerned by the DPRK’s systematic and widespread human rights violations. We welcome your ongoing efforts to maintain international attention on the situation and to document violations and abuses. We share your concern over the growing restrictions on fundamental freedoms, including freedom of expression, freedom of religion and belief, and access to information. We note in particular that DPRK citizens continue to face surveillance, detention, and punishment for exercising their rights, as well as continued forced labor reports, including the exploitation of DPRK nationals overseas. The DPRK continues to prioritize investment in its military and nuclear programs over the welfare and rights of its people. The UK urges the DPRK to cooperate fully with UN human rights mechanisms, including the Special Rapporteur, facilitate international human rights actors’ access to the country, and take concrete steps to address ongoing violations. Special Rapporteur, how can the international community best encourage greater DPRK engagement with UN human rights mechanisms whilst continuing to call for accountability? Thank you.

I thank the representative of the UK. I'll give the floor next to the representative of Eritrea.

Thank you, Madam Chair. My rights must be approached in their entirety at a common standard of achievement and never weaponized as instruments of political leverage, selectivity, or coercive against sovereign nations. Unfortunately, we continue to witness the use of my rights agenda for political purposes, including punitive measures and intrusive country-specific mechanisms. Such politically motivated and externally imposed country-specific mandates, including the mandate concerning the DPRK, have undermined trust, deepened divisions, and diverted attention from genuine efforts to promote and protect human rights. Eritrea firmly believes that true progress in human rights can only be achieved through constructive engagement, cooperation, and capacity building, rather than politicization, selectivity, or double standards. Eritrea therefore reiterates its principled rejection of the mandate of the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea. Thank you, Madam Chair.

I thank the representative of Eritrea. I will give the floor to the representative of Ireland, to be followed by Venezuela, Burundi, and Islamic Republic of Iran. Ireland, you have the floor.

Thank you, Chair. Ireland aligns with the statement of the EU and thanks the Special Rapporteur for her report. We continue to support the work of the Special Rapporteur and OHCHR in documenting human rights abuses in the DPRK and in advancing accountability. We are deeply concerned by the Special Rapporteur's findings of persistent patterns of arbitrary deprivation of life in the DPRK, intruding through an expansion of crimes punishable by the death penalty and deaths in detention. We condemn the absence of fair trials, due process, and transparency in the imposition and application of the death penalty, and noted serious concern at the report's findings of the expansion of its use. We are further concerned by reports that women in detention are subject to sexual violence, torture, and ill-treatment, and that two forcibly repatriated women who were victims of trafficking were sentenced to death. We echo the Special Rapporteur's recommendations to establish an official moratorium on executions. The universal abolition of the death penalty remains a consistent foreign policy priority for Ireland. In 2023, we joined the Coalition of States supporting the International Commission Against the Death Penalty. Special Rapporteur, the DPAC has, for the first time, supported the Universal Periodic Review recommendations to reduce the scope of the death penalty. How can Member States best help to translate these commitments into action? Thank you.

I thank the representative of Ireland. I'll give the floor to the representative of Venezuela.

Madam Chair.

The promotion and protection of all human rights requires a full commitment to respectful dialogue, international cooperation, and the full respect of sovereign equality, political independence, refraining from interference in internal affairs. From this position of principle, Venezuela calls for the end of practice that claim to protect human rights from a position that end up leading to confrontation, undermining the confidence amongst people and trust in the UN human rights system, particularly when they have mechanisms that do not have the consent of the state involved. Here we reassert the central role of the UPR, Universal Periodic Review, with the direct participation of the authorities concerned. We also acknowledge the contribution of the treaty bodies in the framework of the commitments entered into by each State, technical assistance and capacity building agreed upon by the countries concerned and in accordance with their national priorities. Venezuela also reiterates the fact that dialogue and cooperation must prevail over confrontation and double standards. The protection of human rights requires a strengthening multilateralism, preserving the spirit of mutual respect which should guide the work done by this organization, from a focus which means the involvement of states to deal with their challenges by means of cooperation and technical assistance. Venezuela finally urges that the UN should support the endeavors of each state to deal with situations based on their own realities to the benefit of all their people. We say once again We respect and wish to see dialogue, respecting cooperation and no discrimination for protecting all human rights without any exclusion or discrimination. Thank you.

I thank the representative of Venezuela. I give the floor next to the representative of Burundi.

Thank you very much, Madam Chair. Madam Chair, Burundi delegation reiterates its commitment to the promotion and protection of human rights. with respect for sovereignty and non-interference. How to ensure the report of Special Rapporteur on DPRK is not politically motivated? The human rights experts remain neutral and objective. This mechanism should not interfere in internal affairs of some states and not others. If sources are not carefully considered, the accounts could be misleading. They could be trying to demonize the sitting authorities for political motives or interested in securing fighting. The report of DPRK disregard national realities and progress observed on the ground, the efforts of the authorities of the country, and is therefore considered by my delegation as biased. I thank you, Madam Chair.

I thank the representative of Burundi. I'll give the floor next to the representative of Islamic Republic of Iran.

Thank you, Madam Chair. The Islamic Republic of Iran reiterates its principled opposition to the politicization and selective examination of country-specific human rights situations. Approaches driven by political bias and double standards undermine the credibility and effectiveness of the United Nations' efforts to promote and protect human rights. Singling out countries while remaining silent on comparable situations elsewhere erodes trust among Member States and weakens the cooperation necessary for genuine progress. The Third Committee must uphold the principles of universality, impartiality, objectivity, non-selectivity and non-discrimination. Strict adherence to these principles is essential for fair and constructive dialogue and for preserving mutual trust among Member States. Human rights issues are best addressed through inclusive and non-discriminatory mechanisms, in particular via the Universal Periodic Review. We must prioritize dialogue, cooperation, and technical assistance over confrontation and finger-pointing, and firmly reject the instrumentalization of human rights to advance political agendas. Human rights considerations must never be used as a tool for political pressure or interference in the internal affairs of sovereign states. The Islamic Republic of Iran calls upon all Member States to promote and protect human rights on the basis of mutual respect and constructive engagement, rather than using the Third Committee to pursue narrow national interests. The Islamic Republic of Iran remains committed to the genuine and non-selective promotion and protection of human rights in full conformity with the Charter of the United Nations and the principles of international law. Thank you.

I thank the representative of the Islamic Republic of Iran. I'll give the floor next to the representative of China, to be followed by Lao PDR, Cambodia, and the Russian Federation. China, you have the floor.

Madam Chair. China appreciates the DPRK's continued efforts to advance social, economic, and urban-rural development, improve people's livelihoods, safeguard the rights of children, women, and persons with disabilities, and make positive progress in promoting and protecting human rights. China notes with great regret that the related report does not explicitly address the negative impact of sanctions on the DPRK's humanitarian situation. China urges the countries concerned to immediately lift UCMs against the DPRK and stop infringing upon the human rights of its people. The international community's action should help maintain peace and stability on the Korean Peninsula and provide a fundamental guarantee for advancing human rights in the DPRK, not the opposite. China is concerned about the report's reference to the so-called "forcible repatriation." The DPRK nationals who enter China illegally are not refugees. Their conduct violates Chinese law and disrupts China's entry and exit administration. China has always handled such cases responsibly in accordance with domestic and international law and in a humanitarian spirit. We hope the Special Rapporteur will view the issue correctly and perform the mandate fairly and objectively. I thank you, Madam Chair.

I thank the representative of China. I'll give the floor to the representative of Lao People's Democratic Republic.

Thank you, madam Chair. My delegation takes note of the report by the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea. The DPRK believes that the human rights issue should be addressed equally while respecting each nation's sovereignty and fostering cooperation among countries. The promotion and protection of human rights can only progress through a commitment to universality, impartiality, objectivity, and non-selectivity, while eliminating double standards and politicization. Madame Chair, we view that the Universal Periodic Review mechanism is the most effective tool to address human rights issue in a fair and constructive manner. In closing, my delegation call upon the DPRK concerned parties and the international community to establish an appropriate channel for genuine and constructive dialogue and address this matter through cooperation and mutual respect. I thank you, madam.

I thank the representative of Lao PDR. I give the floor next to the representative of Cambodia.

Thank you, madam Chair. My delegation took note of Madam Special Rapporteur's report on the situation of human rights in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea. Cambodia attach importance to the continued engagement between Member States and the United Nations human rights mechanisms. We encourage our relevant stakeholders to maintain an open and constructive dialogue based on mutual respect and a shared commitment to promoting and protecting human rights. We consider that the effectiveness of the international human rights system is strengthened when the mechanism operate in accordance with the principles of universality, objectivity, impartiality, and non-selectivity, consistent with the principles and purposes of the Charter of the United Nations. This principle can help foster confidence, encourage meaningful cooperation, and support constructive outcomes. Looking ahead, Cambodia encourage continued effort to promote dialogue and cooperation among all relevant stakeholders with the shared objective of advancing human rights, fostering mutual understanding, and contributing to sustainable development. I thank you.

I thank the representative of Cambodia. I give the floor to the representative of the Russian Federation.

Madam Chair, we would like to once again recall that the Russian Federation and a number of other delegations in the room are against politicizing the human rights work done by the UN and against using this special procedure so as to exert pressure on sovereign states. We read very carefully the report, and as in past, it doesn't have a word about unprecedented destructive pressure on their country, which in itself is a gross violation of human rights and first and foremost, the right to decent life and development. Even the positive steps undertaken by the government in the social sphere, including healthcare reform, developing of cell communications, vaccination campaigns, passing the law on the protection, the rights of the disabled, is considered by Ms. Almon in and through a negative prism, which detracts from the significance of the work conducted by Pyongyang. In a number of places, in paragraphs four, five, and nine in particular, the author is clearly inconsistent. On the one hand, contacts are acknowledged which facilitate dialogue, as well as participation in international sporting events, the return of foreign diplomats into the capital, opening tourist destinations. On the other hand, the very attempts to establish relations with states are treated as a threat. Therefore, the potential of such contacts to reduce tension is pushed to the background, replaced with one-sided interpretation of what's happening, which is convenient for this Special Rapporteur and its mentors. In other words, the accusatory slant is clear in this document. Madam Chair. This, we see it as destructive. Russia insists that the only right way for interaction with Pyongyang is to have an equitable dialogue based on respect for sovereignty and the legitimate interests of the country. I thank you.

I thank the representative of the Russian Federation. I’ll give the floor now to the representative of the Republic of Korea, to be followed by Vietnam, Nicaragua, and Australia. Republic of Korea, you have the floor.

Thank you, chair. My delegation extends its sincere appreciation to Special Rapporteur Salomon for her thorough report. We appreciate that this year's report focuses on the right to life, which is non-derogable and cannot be suspended under any circumstances. The report shows, and as Special Rapporteur stated today, The number of offenses punishable by death under the DPRK's criminal law has doubled from 8 to 16, and that new laws allow capital punishment for acts that do not involve intentional killing, such as distributing foreign media content. We are gravely concerned about reports of execution carried out without fair trial guarantees and in the absence of any transparency. including the execution of falsely repatriated women who were themselves victims of trafficking. We also expressed concern that the special rapporteur, who has been denied access to the country, relied on information from escapees, civil society organizations, and the UN entities. Thus, we urge DPRK to cooperate with the Special Rapporteur's work, including by granting her access to the country, and to implement the recommendations in her report, including the establishment of an official moratorium on executions. We also strongly urge the DPRK to immediately release the three Korean missionaries, Mr. Kim Kooki, Mr. Choi Jung-gil, and Mr. Kim Jong-wook and others, as mentioned in the recent Secretary General's report on human rights in the DPRK, and promptly resolve the issue of abductees, detainees, and unrepatriated prisoners of war. We further call for the DPRK to urgently address the issue of separated families. The Republic of Korea considers the advancement of human rights for the people of DPRK a matter of great importance and remains firmly committed to global efforts in this regard. I thank you.

I thank the representative of the Republic of Korea. I'll give the floor now to the representative of Vietnam.

Thank you, Madam Chair. Vietnam takes note of the report of the.

Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea.

Vietnam believes that the promotion and protection of human rights should be pursued in full respect for state.

Sovereignty, non-interference in internal affairs, and the principle of impartiality, objectivity, and non-selectivity.

In this regard, we note the DPRK's.

Engagement with certain United Nations bodies and human rights mechanisms, and its implementation of international human rights treaties to which?

It is a party.

We reaffirm that the improvement of human.

Rights is best achieved through open dialogue and constructive cooperation, taking into account the specific national culture, circumstance, and priority. Vietnam reaffirms its support for efforts Vietnam reaffirms its support for efforts to promote peace, stability, and development on the Korean Peninsula, creating favorable conditions.

For the people of the DPRK to enjoy human rights. I thank you.

I thank the representative of Vietnam. I'll give the floor to the representative of Nicaragua.

Thank you, Madam Chair. As a member state, we reiterate our position of principle as we reject and condemn this sort of politically motivated union against the people and government of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea. This is politicization and the use of two standards when it comes to human rights. The universal principles of respect, sovereignty, and non-interference in states enshrined in the UN Charter are violated in this way. Regarding the report on human rights in the DPRK, we believe it to be fabricated and with untruthful information. This commission should act in accordance with the principles for which it was created instead of turning into an instrument of pressure on government. Once again, we have a report against the DPRK, which does not tally with reality. Thank you.

I thank the representative of Nicaragua. I will give the floor to our last speaker of this dialogue, Australia.

You have the floor.

Thank you, Chair. Australia thanks the Special Rapporteur for her report and your presentation today. More than a decade after the Commission of Inquiry concluded that systematic and widespread human rights violations amounting to crimes against humanity.

Were committed in the DPRK, no meaningful progress has been made.

Australia reiterates its deep concern at ongoing restrictions on fundamental freedoms, including freedoms of movement, expression, and access to information. We are concerned by credible reports of transnational repression, including enforced disappearances, the exploitation of overseas workers, and the targeting of escapees and their families, including through cyber attacks targeting diaspora communities. The DPRK's military cooperation with Russia and continued diversion of resources to its unlawful weapons programs comes at the expense of welfare and human.

Rights of its citizens. Australia is also alarmed by a growing tendency among some Member States to encourage others.

To overlook the DPRK's persistent disregard for human rights.

Special Rapporteur, Australia asks: how can we sustain international pressure to ensure the DPRK's?

Human rights violations are not normalised in the face of the regime's concerted efforts to evade scrutiny? Thank you.

I thank the representative of Australia. I'll now turn to the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the DPRK, Ms. Elizabeth Somlo, you.

Have the floor.

Thank you very much, Madam Chair. I should like to express my thanks to the 20 participants this afternoon who spoke. I've noted your comments and your suggestions. We'll take them into account. I'd just like to use these brief closing moments to raise three ideas. Firstly, that in accordance with the consistent testimonials that my mandate receives, that the High Commissioner for Human Rights in the UN and a considerable list of civil society organizations, we see patterns of arbitrary action in the DPRK. Regarding the death penalty, I'd like to say that this report is a follow-up to the report that the DPRK presented in the fourth cycle of the Universal Periodic Review. I'd like to say that this exercise does show how important it is to make credible recommendations by states to support human rights in the DPRK. But this support by the DPRK to these recommendations on the death penalty that were voiced by Belgium and Chile must lead to real action. And to this end, I would ask the DPRK to draw up a list with a number of crimes that are susceptible to the death penalty and avoid an expansionist trend here when it comes to crimes that could be met with this penalty. I'd like to ask for a list of those condemned to the death penalty. the gender, what they've done, and in my report I refer to the situation of women who are disproportionately affected by these punishments. It would also be appropriate to look at the number of cases where there has been a pardon or the commutation of the penalty by the authorities of the DPRK, and we would like to see all this information in a mid-term report for the Universal Periodic Review and in the next cycle for future years. The death penalty is not intended to generate fear or exercise a political or ideological control on a people. Secondly, my report does not cast aside the situation of the deaths in prisons. We believe that this should be addressed from two angles. Firstly, considering the Mandela Rules, it is important to take into account the conditions of imprisonment in the DPRK, the measures, access to water, air, light, health services, the prohibition of torture, ill-treatment, and forced labor. And secondly, I believe that this is a matter that could be addressed allowing the access of international mechanisms so that they can carry out independent monitoring on the ground. Then thirdly, may I ask this question? What is the future of people in the DPRK? In the current context, we could forget them. I appeal for their not to be forgotten and left in darkness. I appeal to everybody here. The DPRK is a state party to several human rights treaties. In August 2025, it participated in the Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, and it supported the tune of virtually 50% the last cycle of Universal Period Reviews in 2024. And this is the report that is the basis for our work. We would like to see the DPRK keeping its word and implementing its commitment, and I believe that the international community must show a political will and urge the DPRK to take this step. Do not let us forget, Your Excellencies, that any possibility of dialogue with the DPRK cannot leave aside the issue of human rights and fear and political calculation must take into account the sorrow of victims of human rights violations asking for justice and reparation, but we mustn't forget the sorrow of the people waiting with anguish, information or contact with their dear ones. Human rights are not an obstacle for for any opportunity for dialogue or peace with the DPRK. Quite the opposite, I fully believe that it is only possible to ensure sustainable peace and development for everyone with the respect of human rights. Thank you.

Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the DPRK. Before we adjourn, I would like to remind delegations that the deadline for the submission of draft proposals under this item is Tuesday, 3rd November at 1:00 PM. The Committee will continue its consideration of agenda item 70, promotion and protection of human rights, and its sub-items A to D tomorrow at 10:00 AM sharp to hear statements by the special procedures mandate holders and other experts and engage them in an interactive dialogue. Information on the work of the Committee, including the schedule of meetings, is available on IGov. The meeting is adjourned.