Third Committee, 9th plenary meeting - General Assembly, 81st session

Okay. The ninth meeting of the third committee at the 81st session of the General Assembly is called to order. Thank you very much for being here on time. I would now invite the committee to begin its consideration of agenda item 24, called social development and its sub items, A, implementation of the outcome of the World Summit for Social Development and of the 24th special session of the General Assembly, B, social development, including questions relating to the world social situation and to youth, aging, persons with disabilities in the family, and C, follow up to the International Year of Older Persons, Second World Assembly on Aging. The documentation under agenda item 24 and its sub-items is listed on iGov. I wish to remind delegations that the deadline for the submission of draft proposals under this item is 1pm on Tuesday 13 October. This morning the committee will hold a combined briefing with the presenters on social development. The committee will hear three introductory presentations before proceeding to the joint interactive dialogue, during which delegations can make comments or pose questions to any or all three presenters in this cluster. Presenters, of course, are on the podium with us here. It's my pleasure to welcome our distinguished speakers. Mr. Charles Katonga, Director of the Division of Inclusive Social Development at the Department of Economic and Social Affairs, you're very welcome. Ms. Lily Gray, Senior Liaison Officer at the New York Office of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, UNESCO, of course. You are very, very welcome. Glad to have you here. And the independent expert on the enjoyment of all human rights by older persons, forgive me if I mispronounce this, Mr. Zvidan Pertosek. And participants wishing to make comments and pose questions to any or all of the three speakers are invited to press their microphone button within the next 10 minutes, after which the list will be closed. The time limit for each speaker will be announced before the floor is given to the first intervention, and I thank you for your cooperation. So I now first invite Mr. Charles Katoenga, Director of the Division for Inclusive Social Development at DESA. You have the floor. You're very welcome.

Thank you, Excellency. Mr. Chairman, Excellencies, distinguished delegates, in my capacity as the Director of the Division for Social Development in the Department of Economic and Social Affairs, I have the honor to introduce four reports of the Secretary-General for your consideration. First, I would like to draw your attention to the report titled, "From Commitment to Implementation: Advancing Social Development after the Doha Political Declaration," contained in document A/81/333, under agenda item 24A, implementation of the outcome of the World Summit for Social Development and of the 24th special session of the General Assembly. The report focuses on translating the commitments reaffirmed at the Second World Summit for Social Development into sustained and accountable implementation. It identifies financing as the most immediate enabling condition and highlights the need for financing that is adequate, affordable, predictable, and aligned with social development priorities, alongside efforts to expand fiscal space for social investment. The report also highlights the institutional catalysts needed to support implementation and advances avenues for strengthening follow-up, policy learning, regional support, and coherence across the United Nations system in preparation for the first high-level review in 2031. Next, I will introduce the three reports submitted under agenda item 24B, social development, including questions relating to the world social situation and to youth, aging, disabled persons, and the family. Mr. Chairman, the report on the follow-up to the 30th anniversary of the International Year of the Family and Beyond, contained in document A/81/61-E/2026/47, highlights family policy-making in response to global megatrends in technology, demographics, urbanization, migration, and climate change. demonstrating that integrating family-oriented approaches through inclusive planning and governance protects families and advances the 2030 Agenda. The report reviews family policies as presented in voluntary national reviews from 2020 to 2024, which indicate that they are still underutilized in overall social policymaking. Member States are urged to support the role of families in the design and implementation of family-friendly and gender-responsive policies, promote social protection for all families, and implement a holistic social development approach, positioning the family as a central enabler and contributor to social development, as was noted in the Doha Political Declaration. The report on the follow-up to the International Year of Older Persons the second world assembly on aging contained in document A/81/212, examines longevity as a major demographic trend and its implications for health, employment, social protection, and public finances. It highlights the need for governments to adapt policies and institutions to longevity through coordinated approaches across sectors. The report identifies key priorities including integrating longevity into development planning, strengthening social protection, promoting healthy aging, supporting longer working lives, and improving data for evidence-based policymaking. It concludes that aligning institutions with demographic realities is essential for promoting well-being, resilience, and social cohesion, in line with the objectives of the Madrid International Plan of Action on Aging. Mr. Chairman, distinguished delegates, let me finally draw your attention to the report on inclusive development for and with persons with disabilities, contained in document A/81/303. The report assesses progress made in mainstreaming disability inclusion across development policies and programs. The elimination of discrimination and barriers that impact disability inclusion. Strengthening access by persons with disabilities to basic services that impact well-being, such as education, health care, and social protection. Improve data collection and enhance participation of persons with disabilities in decision making. The General Assembly is invited to urge Member States to strengthen national legislation, to improve coordination and partnership among governments and other stakeholders, to ensure meaningful consultation with diverse groups of persons with disabilities, in particular women and girls with disabilities. They are urged to strengthen international cooperation and to increase the availability of high-quality data on persons with disabilities. Mr. Chairman, distinguished delegates, I thank you for the opportunity to present these reports and trust that you will find the analysis and recommendations in them useful for your deliberations. I thank you.

Thank you, Director, very much indeed. I now pass the floor to Ms. Lily Gray, Senior Liaison Officer at the UNESCO New York Office. You have the floor.

Thank you, Mr. Chair. Mr. Chairperson, Excellencies, Ladies and Gentlemen, on behalf of UNESCO, it's my honor to introduce the Secretary-General report, Shaping Future Agendas. The report takes stock of progress and challenges in literacy from a life learning perspective, with a particular focus on young people and adults. It also sets out recommendations to accelerate action toward 2030 and beyond, building on the Marrakesh Framework for Action and the follow-up to the Transforming Education Summit. There has been important progress. Expanded access to basic education has enabled more children to acquire foundational skills, and literacy rates among youth and adults have continued to improve. Yet progress remains far too slow and uneven. In 2024, an estimated 739 million adults still lack basic literacy skills. At the same time, 273 million children and young people, or roughly one in six worldwide, remained out of school. Nearly 77% of adults lacking basic literacy skills live in Southern Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa. Behind these figures lie persistent barriers, shortages of learning materials and qualified educators, instruction in languages that do not reflect learners' realities, and deep-rooted socioeconomic inequalities. At the same time, literacy demands are changing rapidly in an increasingly digital world. The report highlights evidence from OECD surveys showing stagnating and in some cases declining literacy and numeracy skills among adults. More recently, OECD findings released in September point to a continued decline in average reading performances among 15-year-olds across OECD countries, extending a trend that predates the COVID-19 pandemic. Addressing these challenges will require stronger and more sustained investment. Yet, youth and adult literacy continues to receive only a small share of education financing. The report notes that nearly two-thirds of the 102 countries surveyed allocate less than 4% of their education budgets to adult literacy and education. At a time when international aid for education is also declining, increased domestic investment and stronger international cooperation are more important than ever. Ladies and gentlemen, literacy is also the foundation upon which people build digital skills, AI literacy, and media and information literacy. However, too often, policies, curricula, teacher training, and assessment systems remain fragmented. Our response must equip people not only to use technology, but also to understand it, engage with it critically, and harness it creatively and responsibly. This message resonated strongly during the celebration of the 60th anniversary of the International Literacy Day, organized by the government of Mexico and UNESCO on 8th and 9th of September in Chiapas. Discussions emphasized the importance of building lifelong learning ecosystems that foster a culture of reading and learning, enabling people to develop and strengthen literacy skills throughout their lives. Based on the report findings, let me highlight just a few critical recommendations. First, integrate literacy across education and development policies. linking formal, non-formal and informal learning opportunities. Second, invest in teachers and educators. And this means strengthening teacher preparation, continuous professional development and decent working conditions while ensuring that curricula, teaching approaches and assessment methods respond to learners' needs. Third, secure adequate and sustainable financing. Domestic resources and international support must be increased with investments directed toward underserved communities. Fourth, harness both conventional and digital technologies to expand access and improve learning outcomes. This includes providing accessible and locally relevant learning materials equipping educators to use these tools effectively, and ensuring that artificial intelligence supports human agency, critical thinking, equity, privacy, and inclusion. Finally, literacy must remain at the heart of the post-2030 education agenda. This includes advancing the UNESCO-coordinated global process proposed in the report to re-examine literacy and its evolving links to digital skills, artificial intelligence, and media and information literacy. I thank you for your attention.

I thank the representative of UNESCO for that presentation, and I now invite the independent expert on the enjoyment of all human rights by older persons, Mr. Pritovshik, you are very welcome. Thank you very much.

Mr. Chair, excellencies and distinguished delegates, colleagues, it is a particular honor to address the CERD Committee for the first time as independent expert on the enjoyment of all human rights by older persons. I'm grateful for the welcome and support extended to me since taking up this mandate, and I want to begin by recognizing the leadership shown by Member States here in New York over many years, including through Open-ended Working Group on Aging. That work helped bring us to a new stage, the elaboration of a legally binding international instrument on the human rights of older persons. As that process now unfolds in Geneva, New York remains indispensable. The human rights of older persons belong in discussions on what follows the 2030 agenda in humanitarian responses and situations of conflict and displacement in social development and across the wider work of the General Assembly. They should not become a specialized conversation taking place in only one room of the United Nations. Today, I present my report on autonomy, dignity and the enjoyment of human rights by older persons in situations of dependency. Dependency is a familiar word, but it often carries assumptions with it. In public policy and everyday language, it may become associated with frailty, decline and loss. Once a person is described as dependent, there is a risk that we begin to see that person less as someone who acts, decides and participates, and more as someone who is cared for, protected and managed. My report starts from a different understanding. Dependency is not the opposite of autonomy, and it does not belong to a small group of frail older persons. Human beings live in relationships of interdependence throughout life. Illness, disability, poverty, bereavement, displacement, or older age may increase the support we need. but they do not reduce our personhood, our dignity, or our entitlement to make choices about our own lives. The human rights question is therefore what happens when a person needs more support from the others. Does that support enable the person to continue living their own life, or does it gradually replace choice, participation, and control? Dependency is also never only about the individual. It is shaped by the environment in which a person lives. An older person may become far more dependent because housing is inaccessible, transport has disappeared, services are unaffordable, digital systems exclude them, or appropriate support in the community does not exist. A move into residential care may sometimes be a genuine choice, but where there is no realistic alternative, we should not confuse necessity with choice. This is where the idea of rights-realising systems becomes important. A rights-realising system does not ask only what care does the person need. It also asks what does this person want, what barriers prevent participation, what support would allow them to remain part of the life they have built before. Living independently does not mean living without assistance. It means having meaningful choices about where and with whom one lives, how everyday life is organized, and what support is needed to make those choices real. Autonomy should therefore not be confused with complete self-sufficiency. A person may need assistance with communication, mobility, personal care or decision-making and still remain the author of their own life. The task is to provide the support a person needs without taking over the decisions that remain theirs to make. In practice, This means strengthening supported decision-making and accessible communication, ensuring meaningful participation in decisions about care and daily life, protecting people from coercion, and creating effective complaints and accountability mechanisms when rights are restricted or ignored. Families and informal caregivers are central to this picture. In every region, they provide an enormous share of support. Their contribution is indispensable, but it cannot be treated as an unlimited private resource. Caregivers need respite, information, services and social protection, while the rights, will and preferences of the older person must remain at the centre of the relationship. This is also a question of gender equality. Women continue to carry a disproportionate share of unpaid care, while older women may experience accumulated inequalities that narrow their choices, both as recipients and as providers of support. Ageism compounds these risks. When dependency occurs in older age, loss of choice is too easily accepted as inevitable. Isolation may be treated as unavoidable. Restrictions may be justified in the language of protection. Institutionalization may be described as the natural consequence of frailty. But many of these outcomes are not consequences of aging. They are consequences of how society organises support, distributes resources and imagines later life. We are accustomed to assessing long-term care through staffing, capacity, clinical outcomes and cost. These things, of course, matter. but they tell us little about whether a person still has control over everyday decisions, remains connected with others, can raise concerns without fear, and is able to participate in the community. The quality of a system should therefore also be judged by whether it enables people to continue living their rights. This report also comes at an important moment in the development of a new legally binding instrument on the human rights of older persons. The experiences of older persons in situations of dependency should be central to that process. A future instrument can help clarify states' obligations when support needs increase, to respect autonomy and legal capacity, to ensure access to community-based support, to prevent neglect, violence and coercion, to protect participation, and to ensure that the absence of alternatives does not become a pathway to institutionalisation. Longer lives are one of humanity's great achievements. They require institutions capable of accompanying people throughout changing circumstances without changing their status as equal right holders. No society can promise that any of us will remain self-sufficient throughout life. What it can do is build systems of support in which needing more help does not mean losing control over our lives, our place in the community, or our standing as equals. That, ultimately, is what this report asks of States, to ensure that needing another person never means becoming less of a person. I thank you.

Thank you very much, Mr. Putosek. I will now open the floor for questions or comments on the presentations which we have just heard. As per past practice, I have a list of speakers in front of me. We are limiting interventions to 2.5 minutes, which I appreciate is a rather tight timeframe, but I'd be most grateful if you would comply with that. The first representative on my list is Morocco, followed by Israel. Morocco, you have the floor.

Mr. Chair, Morocco thanks UNDESA for its reports under this item and UNESCO for its contribution on literacy. Read together, they tell one story. The commitments of Doha will be delivered in the way societies prepare for longer lives, learn throughout those lives, and include everyone in them. The three transformations are converging. People are living longer, with the number of persons aged 60 and above projected to exceed 2 billion by 2050, skills are being redefined by digital and artificial intelligence transitions, while 739 million adults still lack basic literacy, two-thirds of them women. Morocco welcomes the Secretary-General focus on implementation and shares his assessment that financing is the most immediate constraint. Predictable international support, national ownership, and South-South and triangular cooperation reinforce one another. Looking ahead, Morocco sees three opportunities: treating prevention, lifelong learning, and universal social protection as investments across generations; building institutions that work across sectors; with the meaningful participation of those concerned and making every person visible in the data through disaggregation by age, sex, disability, and location. A natural focus for capacity building on the road to the 2031 review. Morocco follows this path. The generalization of social protection launched in 2021 is the cornerstone of our approach, alongside our lifelong our investment in lifelong learning in line with the Marrakesh Framework for Action. I thank you.

I thank the representative of Morocco. I pass the floor to Israel, followed by Portugal. Israel, you have the floor.

Thank you, Mr. Chair, and distinguished panel members. Today, October 7, marks three years since Hamas's terror attack against Israel. Older persons were among those murdered and abducted. 33 persons above 65 were held hostage in Gaza. Nine of them were over 80 years old. 16 of them were murdered in captivity. As we honor the victims, we reaffirm that protecting older persons' lives, dignity, and security must remain central to our work. We learn through experience that older persons are more vulnerable during emergencies. So we'd like to ask, how can member states ensure to respect older persons' wishes and choices during and after emergencies? How can older persons continue to receive the care they need and remain involved in decisions about their own lives? Israel welcomes the report's central message: the need for care and support does not diminish autonomy, dignity or rights. The report rightly distinguishes between support and incapacity. Implementing this principle requires supported decision-making, budgets, accessible communication and trained professionals, including for persons living with dementia. We also welcome the report's emphasis on integrated home and community-based care. Families need support, while public systems must remain responsible and accountable for providing services. We encourage practical follow-up through indicators that measure older persons' ability to exercise choice, participate in decisions, and access remedies alongside service availability. The report should also guide emergency preparedness and recovery, ensuring continuity of care and preserving older persons' autonomy when they need support most, as well as support for their community and family. And I thank you.

I thank the representative of Israel. I pass the floor to Portugal, followed by Bangladesh. Portugal, you have the floor.

Mr. Chair, Portugal thanks the independent expert for his report on autonomy, dignity and the enjoyment of human rights in situations of dependency in older age. We support the message that dependency due to age must never be equated with reduced legal capacity or weaker entitlement of human rights. Mr. Independent Expert, as one of the countries facing profound demographic aging, Portugal is committed to developing integrated and human rights-centered systems that respond to increasing older person support needs. We share the report's emphasis on moving beyond paternalistic approaches and ensuring that support is organized around the wishes, preferences, and life goals of older persons. We see value in strengthening supported decision-making, promoting accessibility, and enabling older persons to remain active members of their families and communities for as long as possible. We also agree that ageism remains a significant structural barrier to the effective enjoyment of human rights. Combating age-based stereotypes must be an essential component of public policy. Equally important is the need to ensure that healthcare, long-term care, social protection and housing policies are coordinated and place the individual at the centre of decision-making. Mr. Independent Expert, the report recommends that States establish integrated systems of home, family and community-based support, ensuring that institutional care remains a measure of last resort. Could you elaborate on examples of good practices and policy models that have proven effective in ensuring a successful transition from institutional-centered care to rights-based community support while maintaining quality, accessibility, and sustainability? Thank you.

Thank you, Portugal. I pass the floor to Bangladesh, to be followed by Montenegro. Bangladesh, you have the floor.

Thank you, Mr. President. We thank the independent expert on older persons for his report and welcome its focus on autonomy, dignity and the human rights of older persons in situations of dependency. We appreciate the emphasis that the need for care and support should not diminish their legal capacity, dignity or equal enjoyment of human rights. We also take note of the structural barriers identified, including ageism, paternalism, fragmented systems, and inadequate community-based service. Our government continue to strengthen legal, policy, and social protection measures, including the old age allowance and the family card initiative. The Transfer of Property Amendment Act 2026 also provides an additional safeguard by allowing donors to retain lifetime rights to enjoy the benefits of gifted property. We also recall the visit of the then independent expert to Bangladesh in 2022 and important recommendations made on social protection, affordable care and support, age-friendly healthcare, and addressing loneliness and social exclusion. The family remains a central support system for older persons in many countries, including Bangladesh. We, however, recognize that changing social context and economic circumstances are putting new pressures on traditional family-based care, with more women and men in the workforce, greater mobility, and more family members living and working abroad, there is a need to strengthen community-based services and provide more support to families caring for older persons. So it remains important to think about how states can strengthen family and community support while ensuring that public systems adequately support responsibility for care and support, and including autonomy and dignity remain in practice. I thank you.

Thank you, Bangladesh. I pass the floor to Montenegro, followed by European Union. Montenegro, you have the floor.

Thank you, Mr. Chair. We also thank today's briefers for their insightful reports. Montenegro attaches great importance to the protection and promotion of the rights of older persons, and we welcome the central message of the report of independent expert Pirtoshek: increasing the need for care and support must never diminish autonomy, dignity and equal enjoyment of human rights. As a long-standing member of the Group of Friends of Human Rights for Older Persons in Geneva, Montenegro remains committed to strengthening the international protection of the rights of older persons, including to constructive engagement in the ongoing processes towards a legally binding international instrument. We particularly share the view that support should empower older persons to remain active participants in their communities and to lead independent lives. In Montenegro, age itself is not defined as a criteria for access to social protection. At both national and local levels, Montenegro has a number of measures in place to help older persons live independently and stay connected to their communities. These include home care and psychosocial support, assistance with daily needs, accessible transport, social and recreational activities, with special attention to preventing loneliness and social isolation. This is particularly important as our society's age. As the report rightly underlines, the measure of effective support is not simply whether services are available, but whether they enable older persons to continue living with dignity, autonomy, and meaningful participation in their communities. Mr. Independent Expert, based on your findings, what measures have proven most effective in helping older persons remain independent and socially connected, especially in smaller and aging communities. Thank you.

Thank you, Montenegro. I pass the floor to the European Union, followed by Cuba. European Union, you have the floor.

Thank you, Chair. I have the honor to speak on behalf of the European Union and its member states. Let me start by thanking Mr. Katoanga, Ms. Gray, and Mr. Pietruszka for this opportunity to exchange on recent social development trends. While progress has been made in some areas, notably unemployment, we cannot be satisfied. More than 800 people still live in extreme poverty, over 2 billion face food insecurity, and we continue to see rising inequality, challenges in education outcomes and literacy, and slow progress on gender equality and disability inclusion. Upholding human rights is essential for achieving the Agenda 2030 and fulfilling the core promise to leave no one behind. Last year's World Social Summit in Doha, held 30 years after the Copenhagen Summit, marked an important milestone. We welcome its political declaration that is anchored in human rights and fundamental freedoms. The UN and its member states will continue to promote social development, social justice across our policies, guided by the European pillar of social rights that will mark its 10th anniversary next year. We are also mindful of our own challenges, particularly the risk of poverty and social exclusion, educational outcomes, adult learning and ageing. This is why we introduced earlier this year the first ever EU anti-poverty strategy and are placing particular emphasis on strengthening the European Child Guarantee and tackling housing exclusion. And we will work on a European Care Deal. The UN and its member states remain the world's largest providers of official development assistance, contributing over 42% of global ODA. Our investments support poverty eradication, decent work, stronger social protection system, gender equality, and inclusive and sustainable growth in partner countries. Governments cannot act alone, though. especially in times of budgetary pressure. Mobilizing private investments and strengthening partnerships with the private sector, financial institutions, social enterprises, social partners, and civil society is essential. Multilateral partners, especially the ILO, also play a key role. We remain committed to promoting decent work and adequate, sustainable social protection for all. Mr. Kalatatuanga, could you elaborate on how cooperation across the UN system with other partners can be strengthened as recommended in the SG's report, including good practices and areas for improvement? I thank you, Chair.

I thank the European Union. I apologize, I hadn't realized that nobody else has the list in front of them, so I can give you a bit more warning. I have on my list Cuba, Russian Federation, Cyprus, Slovenia, and Colombia. and then a good number of others. Cuba, you have the floor.

Thank you, Chair. We are grateful for the presentation delivered by the independent expert and the presentation of his report. As this is our first interaction with you in New York, allow me to congratulate you on your appointment and extend the support of Cuba for your mandate. Cuba also shares the priority of protecting older persons. We are experiencing an aging dynamic and more than 30% will be 60 years or older by 2030. The state of Cuba is facing this phenomenon with a humanist approach based on social justice. The constitution of our country recognizes older persons as rights holders that require differentiated or specialized protection. We intend to meet their needs and raise the quality of the life of older persons and at the same time respect their right to self-determination and the full exercise of their rights and promote their integration and social participation. We support the efforts underway to develop an international instrument that is legally binding, broad and comprehensive that will contribute to promoting and protecting the rights of older persons. Your mandate can contribute to this goal and also to the implementation of the remaining 10 actions according to decision 14.1 of the working group of the United Nations on ageing. Chair, we share the findings of the independent expert in his report 81/778 on the rights of persons in situations of dependency. In the case of Cuba, the impact of the United States blockade is having a direct impact on the rights of older persons and has contributed to an increase in violence against these people. The lack of fuel and the energy stranglehold is having a significant and worsened impact on older persons. We would ask you to go deeper in future reports on the impact of this blockade on the enjoyment of rights of older persons in Cuba. Thank you.

Thank you, Cuba. I pass the floor to the Russian Federation, followed by Cyprus, then Slovenia. Russian Federation, you have the floor.

Thank you very much, Chair. We carefully listened and studied the report of Mr. Pertot regarding the enjoyment of human rights of older persons in a situation of dependency. We thank him for the high quality of the report. However, we'd like to recall that it is unacceptable to replace sex with gender. We also share our concern regarding the challenges related to population aging, including in the context of possible social isolation of older persons. The need for care should not in any way diminish respect for those persons and cannot serve as a basis for limiting their rights. Older persons should not be seen exclusively as beneficiaries of assistance because they also make a tangible contribution to social life. Mr. Chair, the Russian Federation has done a vast amount of work to ensure social inclusion for older persons. Thus, we have a program that has been underway for several years called Active Longevity, that involves a number of events. As part of another initiative, Silver Volunteering, citizens over the age of 55 have the opportunity to participate in organizing socially and culturally significant events and to pass on their experience to younger generations. Care for older persons should be provided without separating them from their familiar environment and their family. In accordance with the federal project Older Generation, launched in 2024, by 2030, the state plans to provide long-term home care to 500,000 citizens. Chair, in conclusion, we would like to note that Russia is gradually building a system that not only provides social assistance to older citizens in need of care, but also supports their independence. We are ready to share our successful experience of including older persons in social life, including those in situations of dependency. Thank you for your attention.

Thank you, Russian Federation. I pass the floor to Cyprus, followed by Slovenia, then Colombia. Cyprus, you have the floor.

Thank you, Mr. Chair. On behalf of Cyprus, I would like to thank all briefers for their presentation before us today. Cyprus aligns with the statement delivered by the European Union. Allow me to make some additional remarks in my national capacity. Cyprus welcomes the report of the independent expert on the enjoyment of all human rights by older persons, Mr. Pirtoshek, and the focus on the autonomy, dignity and the enjoyment of human rights in situation of dependency in older age. Cyprus remains firmly committed to advancing and protecting the rights, dignity and well-being of older persons in full accordance with its human rights obligations and the principles of active and healthy aging, including through its membership of the Human Rights Council for 2025-2027. In 2025, Cyprus adopted its national strategy for active aging 2025-2030 and the corresponding action plan 2025-2027, providing a comprehensive framework to strengthen social inclusion, healthy aging, digital literacy, and the meaningful participation of older persons in society. Cyprus has also taken concrete steps to improve access to long-term care and social support services for older persons. A new subsidy scheme for accommodation and care in residential homes has significantly increased financial assistance for eligible beneficiaries, enhancing access to affordable and quality care. At the same time, the government is advancing reforms in home-based care services, promoting independent living, combating loneliness and social exclusion through community support programs, and strengthening opportunities for lifelong learning and digital participation. Cyprus remains committed to combating age-based discrimination and ensuring that older persons can fully enjoy their human rights and contribute actively to public life. In closing, Mr. Independent Expert, we would welcome your views on any challenges in the ongoing intergovernmental process towards elaborating a legally binding instrument on the human rights of older persons and what positive developments could help advance the process and inform the way forward. I thank you.

Thank you, Cyprus. I pass the floor to Slovenia, followed by Colombia, Malaysia, Poland, and Germany. Slovenia, you have the floor.

Mr. Chair, Slovenia aligns itself with the statement of the European Union and its member states and statement that will be delivered by Chile on behalf of the Group of Friends of Older Persons. We thank Mr. Katanga, Mrs. Gray, and independent expert Dr. Piertoszek for their presentations. Mr. Independent Expert, since this is your first interactive dialogue in the Third Committee, We express a very warm welcome and commend you for the excellent work advocating for human rights of older persons in the UN framework and beyond. Your leadership and hard work will significantly contribute to global endeavors of achieving better protection and respect of human rights of older persons. We thank you for your report and your extensive analysis. that represents a valuable contribution to the catalogue of relevant topics concerning older persons that have already been addressed by previous mandate holders. Mr. Independent Expert, as examined in your report, dependency in older age does not diminish human rights of older persons, their personal status or reduce their legal capacity. It rather calls for care and support services to be organised in ways that enable older persons to continue exercising their rights on an equal basis with others. We fully agree with this assessment and call for future developments to incorporate effective, preventive, interdisciplinary, community-based and person-centred responses to dependency in older age. We support your recommendations in the report, particularly that dependency should never be used as a justification for reducing personhood, legal capacity, autonomy, dignity, participation or any other human right. We would like to ask you, how can States ensure that laws, policies and practices concerning older persons in situations of dependency effectively uphold their human rights and guarantee their equal enjoyment in practice? Mr. Chair, let me conclude by reiterating Slovenia's long-standing position that a dedicated international legally binding instrument on the human rights of older persons is the only way to appropriately address the gaps in protection of their rights, including in situations of dependency. Slovenia remains committed to supporting an open, transparent and inclusive process, and we look forward to continuing our work together when the Intergovernmental Working Group reconvenes in Geneva later this month. Thank you.

Thank you, Slovenia. I pass the floor to Colombia, followed by Malaysia, Poland, and Germany. Colombia, you have the floor.

Gracias.

Thank you very much, Chair. Colombia is grateful for the presentations delivered today, and we welcome the independent expert, and we thank him for his presentation and his report, and we reiterate our support for him at the beginning of his term. We also subscribe to the statement that will be delivered by Chile. Demographic changes require dedicated responses based on human rights. Colombia reaffirms its commitment to the promotion and protection of the rights of older persons, recognizing their autonomy, independence, dignity and participation. We highlight the need to combat ageism and all forms of discrimination on the basis of age. More specifically, we need to overcome the stereotypes that associate aging with a lack of productivity or dependency, and we need to... integrate older persons and their life projects and recognize that they can fully contribute to the economic and social productive life of our states. This means that we should strengthen the comprehensive care systems to ensure they provide adequate care while always respecting the decision-making capacity and autonomy of older persons. In this way, Colombia is contributing in all multilateral spaces to ensure the protection of older persons, including through elaboration of a legally binding international instrument on the subject. Finally, we recognize that AI and new technologies may offer new opportunities for healthcare and for the care and autonomy of older persons, but it also may lead to bias and discrimination on the basis of age. And so we'd like to ask the independent expert what measures he would recommend to Member States to combat ageism and to overcome any bias in relation to in automatic systems, recognizing the autonomy of older persons. Thank you.

Thank you, Colombia. I pass the floor to Malaysia, followed by Poland, then Germany. Malaysia, you have the floor.

Thank you, Mr. Chair. Malaysia thanks the presenter for their insightful presentations. We particularly welcome the independence expert report, which focuses on autonomy, dignity and meaningful participation in situations where older persons require greater care and support. Malaysia shares the view that increasing support needs should not diminish the ability of older persons to exercise their rights and participate in decisions affecting their lives. Population ageing is an important demographic and social development issue for Malaysia. person aged 60 over 60 years and above accounted for 12% of our population in 2025 and are projected to exceed 50% by 2036. We are therefore committed to enabling all the person to age with dignity, security, independence and meaningful participation. This commitment is reflected in our 13 Malaysian plan and National Plan of Action for all the person 2026-2030. Our efforts include strengthening community-based care, age-friendly environments, social protection, lifelong learning, and healthy and active aging. Malaysia also attaches importance to the needs of older persons experiencing cognitive impairment. Through our Dementia Action Plan 2023-2030, we are strengthening prevention, early detection, and support for persons living with dementia and their caregivers. In this context, we recognise the importance of care arrangements that support autonomy, accessible communication and meaningful participation. Mr. Chair, against this backdrop, Malaysia would appreciate the Independent Expert's views on two issues. First, how can States best balance the need to protect older persons with respect for their autonomy and and supported decision making, particularly for those experiencing cognitive impairment? Second, how can developing countries facing rapidly aging population and resource constraints strengthen community-based care and age-friendly services in a sustainable manner? Thank you, Mr. Chair.

Thank you, Malaysia. I pass for the Poland, followed by Germany, Chile, and China. Poland, you have the floor.

Thank you, Chair. I have the pleasure to address you as Poland's youth delegate, and first I would like to thank the independent experts for the report presentations. According to the UN, global fertility fell from 3.3 births per woman in 1990 to 2.2 in 2024. That year, more than half of all countries and areas had fertility below replacement level. By 2080, the UN projects that people aged 65 and over will outnumber children under 18 worldwide. This shift will put growing pressure on pension and care systems. High housing costs and financial insecurity make it harder for young people in many countries to start families. In a 2025 UNFPA survey across 14 countries, 39% of respondents said financial constraints had affected or would affect their ability to have the number of children they wanted. As smaller generations take on more of the cost of pensions and care, they may have fewer resources to raise children on their own. The causes are also cultural. Young people meet less and marry less, and the work of raising children still falls mostly on women. Poland is acting. This year, the government is spending a record number on housing, much of it on affordable rentals, and state-funded IVF has led to 15,000 births in the last two years. Its Active Parent Program also provides eligible working parents with a monthly stipend for children aged 12 to 35 months. What we need now is clear, up-to-date evidence on which measures actually help young people start families, shared across countries. We ask the UN DESA to lead this and to include the young people in decisions on pensions and housing, because we will carry the cost. Thank you.

Thank you, Poland. I pass the floor to Germany, followed by Chile, China and Austria. Germany, you have the floor.

Thank you. Thank you, Chair. Dear Excellencies, fellow youth, we thank the presenters for this report and for bringing these important issues to our attention. I address you as part of the 22nd generation of Germany's youth delegates to the United Nations. Over the past months, my co-delegate, Sacha, and I have traveled across Germany and spoke with young people in schools, youth welfare facilities, and other places where they gather. We have listened to their experiences, concerns, and ideas, and what we heard was clear. Young people are carrying a lot. Economic insecurity, climate anxiety, discrimination, uncertainty about their future. All of this is happening at the same time in the lives of billions of young people, creating an immense mental load for each and every one of them. Too often, the response is to tell young people to become more resilient. The real task is to build a society that does not constantly test that resilience. A therapy appointment cannot solve a housing crisis. A mindfulness workshop cannot solve discrimination. So yes, resilience is important, but it should never become an excuse for institutions to stand still or shield themselves from change. And here's the thing, we already know what needs to be changed. Young people keep telling us, communities are showing us, initiatives are doing it already, but having commitments, frameworks, and resolutions is simply not enough. So what we do not need is yet another promise. We need implementation. Finance the programs, make them accessible, measure whether they work, and let young people shape them, because young people's participation cannot be an afterthought included only once the decisions have been made. It must shape social development from the beginning, because success depends on it. Thank you.

Thank you, Germany. I pass the floor to Chile, China, Austria, and El Salvador. Chile, you have the floor.

Thank you, Mr. Chair.

I have the honor to speak on behalf of the Group of Friends of Older Persons.

The group warmly welcome Professor Pithochek for his first interactive dialogue with this committee as an independent expert and congratulate him on his appointment.

We thank him for.

His report presented today and the one presented earlier this year on cognitive impairment and the continued exercise of the human rights of older persons. We fully share the core message. Supported decision-making, quality care and protection for ageism, abuse and neglect must guide our responses. In this occasion, the group also wish to reiterate its support for the Intergovernmental Working Group on the Human Rights of Older Persons.

We welcome the holding of his first session in July, and we call on all the States to engage constructively toward a legally binding instrument that closes the existing normative gap.

The Group looks forward to close and constructive cooperation with the Independent Expert, as we enjoyed with his.

Predecessor, and stands ready to support the full implementation of his mandate.

Thank you.

Thank you, Chile. I pass the floor to China, followed by Austria and El Salvador. China, you have the floor.

Chair, China thanks DESA. UNESCO, and the independent expert on enjoyment of all human rights by older persons for their briefings. Development is an enduring theme of human society.

Faced with common challenges such as.

Poverty, inequality, and the digital divide, the international community should uphold development as a priority in a people-centered development philosophy, actively implement the outcomes of the Second World Summit for Social Development, accelerate the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. and achieve more practical results in poverty reduction, employment, social inclusion, and other areas. China appreciates UNESCO's efforts in global education, science, and cultural governance. China will continue to support UNESCO's work advocate respect for the diversity of world civilizations, promote mutual respect and harmonious coexistence among different civilizations, deepen cooperation in areas such as artificial intelligence, open science, digital education, and jointly make a positive contribution to maintaining world peace and promoting global development. Aging is a long-term challenge faced by all countries. China has taken note of the independent experts report. We call on all countries to actively address aging, improve social security, elderly care services, and health support systems, and support older persons while fully respecting their independent wishes in participating in social life and sharing the fruits of development. China stands ready to work with all countries to jointly advance the four major global initiatives, achieve more equitable, inclusive and sustainable social development, accelerate implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, and make positive contributions to building a community with a shared future for humankind. I thank you, Chair.

Thank you, China. I pass the floor to Austria, followed by El Salvador, Ireland, Tunisia and Angola. Austria, you have the floor.

Thank you, Mr. Chair. Mr. Independent Expert, we would like to thank you for your clear and urgent report. Austria continues to support efforts to strengthen the international protection of the human rights of older persons, including the elaboration of an internationally legally binding instrument to promote, protect and ensure the recognition and realization of all human rights for older persons. We wholly recognize that informal caregiving and family support are vital for retaining the autonomy and dignity of older persons in situations of dependency. At the same time, we are concerned by the inequalities created in younger generations, with young women more frequently taking on informal and unpaid care burdens. Thus, Mr. Pertussek, I would like to ask you if you have any best practices to share as to how we can reinforce caregiving models that support the dignity and human rights of older persons while simultaneously advancing gender equality in younger generations and reducing the gender care gap. Thank you.

Thank you, Austria. I pass the floor to El Salvador, followed by Ireland, Tunisia, Angola, and Brazil. El Salvador, you have the floor.

Thank you, Chair. El Salvador aligns itself with the statement by Chile on behalf of the Group of Friends of Older Persons. We thank the independent expert on the enjoyment of human rights by older persons. We congratulate him on his appointment and express our support for his work. As he presents his first report, we stress the importance of care and support for older persons and the fact that they do not mean a loss of their autonomy, dignity, or participation. From that point of view, our country continues to take actions aimed at promoting active and inclusive aging, including initiatives such as a program for the integration of older persons in community dynamics, as well as strengthening access to healthcare services. We also agree with the need to move towards comprehensive responses that put people at the center and recognize their contributions, experience, and ability to actively participate in society. In that context, we would like to ask the independent expert what measures you consider to be a priority to strengthen the autonomy and participation of older persons that require greater amounts of support. Thank you.

Thank you, El Salvador. I pass the floor to Ireland, followed by Tunisia, Angola, Brazil and Algeria. Ireland, you have the floor.

Thank you, Chair. Ireland aligns itself with the contribution of the EU, and we thank the panellists for their presentations and participation today. Ireland strongly supports this mandate and the work of the Intergovernmental Working Group on Older Persons to develop a legally binding instrument on the human rights of older persons. International cooperation is invaluable in raising awarenesses awareness of the challenges faced by older people and in promoting and protecting older persons' rights across the world. We welcome the work on a new regional implementation strategy by the Standing Working Group on Ageing to update the Madrid International Plan of Action on Ageing. Ireland's population of older persons is one of the most rapidly growing in Europe. Our commitment to older persons' rights is unwavering. Age is a protected ground in Irish law, and Ireland's Human Rights and Equality Commission has a remit to protect and promote all human rights and equality, including those in relation to age. In health and care settings, Ireland's recently published national policy framework for adult safeguarding in the health and social care sector takes a rights-based approach, and we welcome the focus of the independent expert today on dignity and autonomy in that regard. Independent experts, recognizing that age discrimination and ageism remain structurally embedded in social policy and institutional frameworks, what practices have you identified for their elimination? Thank you.

Thank you, Ireland. I pass the floor to Tunisia, followed by Angola, Brazil, Algeria, Spain, and Italy. Tunisia, you have the floor.

Thank you so much, Mr. President, Mr. Chair. We thank UNESCO and the independent experts for the valuable presentation and reports. We really appreciate and value your efforts. We welcome the emphasis placed on dignity, autonomy, and meaningful participation throughout the life course. We also share the view that families and communities play a central role in supporting older persons. While public policies and services must ensure that growing support needs not lead to exclusion, loss of autonomy and disproportionate burdens on caregivers. In this regard, we would like to ask two questions. It goes in the same way of some other questions that are raised in the room, but we would like to put the emphasis on this. First, we would like to ask about the measures that should states prioritize to strengthen community-based support for older persons while reducing the disproportionate burden of unpaid care, particularly on women. We know that women do always have to support and bear the burden of giving the care to their families, and we would like to know and hear more from you about this because we still face this nowadays in all the parts of the world women have to assume this responsibility, I would like to hear more about this. For the second question, as public and social services become increasingly digital, how can states ensure that digitalization strengthens rather than restricts the autonomy and participation of older persons, especially those with limited digital skills or access. And we know that the access to digital tools in many parts of the global south is very limited, mainly in my region in Africa, we still have some zones with no access to internet, no access to technology. How do you think about this? I thank you.

Thank you, Tunisia. I pass the floor to Angola, followed by Brazil, Algeria, Spain and Italy. Angola, you have the floor.

Angola is grateful for the.

Presentation of the report and we reaffirm our commitment to promote the rights and dignity and full participation of persons with disabilities in accordance with the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and the outcome of the the World Social Summit and Agenda 2030. Inclusive development requires the elimination of the physical, economic and social barriers facing people to combat discrimination and to guarantee that persons with disabilities can meaningfully participate in decisions affecting them. Angola's experience with armed conflict and the post-conflict period has allowed us to support individuals and to overcome landmines and also to ensure healthcare and professional training and social protections and education. Angola will continue to support special education and We are supporting more than 3,000 individuals through this special education program. We also have quotas of 4% of this state budget and 12% of the private sector for persons with disabilities to ensure that requirements are met. Chair, we must have more solid international cooperation for our efforts. social development partners should continuously deliver the inclusion of persons with disability, including through data and other sustainable development efforts. So we would like to ask what practical follow-up mechanisms and incentives would the Special Rapporteur recommend so that we can have accessible workplaces and to eliminate discrimination on the basis of disability. I thank you.

Thank you, Angola. I pass the floor to Brazil, followed by Algeria, Spain, then Italy. You have the floor, Brazil.

Mr. Chair, I would like to thank UNDESA, UNESCO, and the independent expert for their presentations. The full text of this statement will be available on UN Journal. Brazil associates with the statement delivered by Chile on behalf of the Group of Friends of Older Persons. And we thank the independent expert for the presentation of his reports on autonomy, dignity and enjoyment of human rights in situations of dependency in older age, as well as on cognitive impairment and the continuing exercise of human rights by older persons. Brazil shares the fundamental premise underlying these reports. Human rights do not diminish with age, illness, disability, cognitive impairment, or increasing reliance on care and support. The need for support must never be equated with diminished dignity, personhood, or entitlement to rights. As independent experts rightly emphasize, autonomy and support are not opposing concepts. Cognitive impairment may change the ways in which a person communicates and makes decisions, but it does not erase identity or human agency. States and societies must therefore ensure the conditions necessary for older persons with cognitive impairment to continue exercising their rights. Effective protection also requires coordinated policies that place the person rather than the condition at the center. Brazil remains committed to enabling older persons to fully exercise their human rights and participate actively in society, including when they require care or other forms of support. Brazil welcomes the recommendations presented by the independent expert, particularly those concerning rights-based systems of care and support. We also reiterate our unwavering support for an international, legally binding convention on the human rights of older persons and remain committed to the negotiations underway in Geneva within the Intergovernmental Working Group. Mr. Chair, the universality of human rights must be reflected throughout the entire life course. Our shared responsibility is to ensure that every older person can live with dignity, exercise agency and autonomy, and participate as an equal member of society. I thank you.

Thank you, Brazil. I pass the floor to Algeria, followed by Spain, Italy, Namibia, Mali, and the Sovereign Order of Malta. Algeria, you have the floor.

I thank you, Mr. Chair. Mr. Independent Expert, we thank you for your report. We appreciate your emphasis on ensuring that older persons continue to enjoy dignity, autonomy, and participation when their needs for care and support increase. In Algeria, our 2026 Voluntary National Review records an increase in life expectancy from 77.1 years in 2015 to 79.6 years in 2023. This progress underlined the importance of adapting public services to evolving needs and ensuring that longer lives are accompanied by continued inclusion. A relevant experience highlighted in our VNR in the work of the Social Development Agency solidarity proximity cells, particularly in remote areas of the south and the high plateaus. Their multidisciplinary teams, comprising doctors, psychologists, sociologists, and social workers, identify the needs of people in vulnerable situations, provide coordinated support, and follow up over time. By bringing healthcare, social assistance, and access to rights closer to communities, these cells help reach people who may otherwise face difficulties accessing services. Although these cells serve vulnerable population more broadly, their local coordinated approach is relevant to addressing older persons' support needs. We attach particular importance to family solidarity and intergenerational bonds alongside accessible healthcare and social protection. In this context, your recommendation on home-based and community-based support provide useful guidance on strengthening care while respecting older persons' wishes and choices. Mr. Independent Expert, drawing on your findings, what practical measures would you recommend to strengthen home-based and community-based support while ensuring that older persons remain actively involved in decisions concerning their care? Could you share examples of good practices in this regard? I thank you, Mr. Chair.

Thank you, Algeria. I pass the floor to Spain, to be followed by Italy. Spain, you have the floor.

Thank you, Chair. Spain is grateful for the statements delivered by DESA, UNESCO and the independent expert. We're grateful for the Secretary-General's report on the follow-up to the Second World Summit on Ageing that follows on from the Madrid Plan. We are fully aware of the challenges related to ageing and ageing population and the need to address it from a human rights approach so that the gains that we have made can continue to be enjoyed. The fight against discrimination on the basis of age is a priority and we look forward to a future convention on the rights of older persons will be useful. The next meeting of the intergovernmental working group on the drafting of this convention is fully supported by Spain. It is crucial that we preserve the dignity of older persons, especially in situations of cognitive decline. We combat ageism and also situations of negligence or abuse or any other aspects affecting fundamental rights. There is a risk that assistance may be given priority over rights. In Spain, It's a whole range of potential abuses and there have been a whole range of protections against these abuses and we would encourage everyone to implement the Madrid Plan on Aging and to ensure solidarity across generations for social development. We still have a great deal to do, but we trust that together with public policies And the support for the future UN Convention on the Rights of Older Persons will allow us to move from mere protection of aging through to full citizenship and a human rights approach to older persons. Finally, a question for the independent expert, what type of measures can states take in order to support older persons as rights holders in terms of their representation on public bodies. Thank you.

Thank you, Spain. I pass the floor to Italy, followed by Namibia, Mali, and the Sovereign Order of Malta. Italy, you have the floor.

Thank you, Mr. Chair.

Mr. Chair, Italy aligns itself with the statement delivered by the EU.

I would like to share some further remarks on its national capacity.

Let us begin by thanking the independent expert, Zvezdan Pirtosek.

For his report on autonomy, dignity and human rights in situations of dependency in older age. The Universal Declaration's promise of equality does not diminish with age, disability or increasing support needs. As your report underlines, dependency tests whether rights remain effective in everyday life. Ageism, paternalism and fragmented services must never deprive older persons of their voice, choices or participation. We share your emphasis on supported decision-making and care that respects each person's will and preferences. All the persons and their representative organizations should participate meaningfully in designing and evaluating policies affecting them.

Support should enable people to remain in their homes and communities whenever consistent with their wishes and needs.

Care systems must also provide accessible complaints mechanism and effective oversight to protect rights in all care settings. Italy is translating these principles into concrete action. Law 33 of 2023 established an inter-ministerial committee to coordinate ageing policies, with annual reporting to Parliament. Legislative Decree 29 of 2024 created a national system integrating health and social services across national, regional, and local levels, addressing the fragmentation highlighted in your report. The pilot universal allowance running in 25-26 supports home-based living and personal autonomy for persons aged 80 and over with the most severe care needs and limited financial resources, while easing families' care burden. These measures seek to make autonomy, dignity and inclusion effective as support needs increase. Mr. Independent Expert, which indicators would you recommend to assess whether integrated home and community?

Care safeguards older persons' autonomy and participation beyond measuring service coverage.

Thank you, Mr. Chair.

Thank you, Italy. I pass the floor to Namibia, Mali, and finally Sovereign Order of Malta. Namibia, you have the floor.

Thank you, Mr. Chair. I think they brief us for their presentation. and I would like to make this intervention on behalf of the African group. On this International Week of Older Persons, let us not forget that population aging is emerging as an important dimension of Africa's demographic transition, despite the fact that Africa remains the world's youngest continent. The number of older persons in the continent will rise as life expectancy improves. So it is essential to ensure that aging is integrated into social development policies and planning that recognize both the contributions and the needs of older persons, thereby supporting sustainable and people-centered development for all. Older persons make invaluable contribution to families, communities, and economies, including through knowledge experience, care responsibility, and continued participation in social and economic life. Despite this important contribution, many older persons continue to face significant challenges, including inadequate income security, limited access to quality healthcare services and social protection, as well as social exclusion and discrimination. These challenges are often more pronounced among older persons living in vulnerable situations, particularly those living in rural and underserved areas. Addressing these issues requires strengthening social protection systems, promoting healthy aging, and fostering age-inclusive policies that enable older persons to participate fully in society. A life course approach grounded in dignity, equity, and intergenerational solidarity is therefore critical to ensuring that no one is left behind. Thank you, Mr. Chair.

Thank you, Namibia. Mali, followed by Sovereign Order of Malta. Mali, you have the floor.

Thank you. Chair, this being the first time that I am taking the floor before you, I'd like to warmly congratulate you and assure you of the full support of my delegation. Chair, in Malian society, older persons are sacred. They are the guardians of our history and culture and the bedrock of our society. Mali has a national policy for the support of older persons, and the National Council of Older Persons gives them a space for expression and participation in public life. The national plan for social development and the national plan for the promotion of older persons guarantees their place in in the social hierarchy and ensures that they are not excluded. We have a question in a context of crisis, what are the recommendations to the international community to support countries facing security constraints regards the promotion protection of the rights of older persons I've also noticed the importance of language during the presentation by UNESCO I don't believe that this is a real vector for knowledge transmission and I wanted to know whether UNESCO has targeted programs for developing countries including in Africa in this context I'd also like to to warmly congratulate the different speakers on the quality of the presentations that we have heard this morning. I thank you.

Thank you, Mali. And our last delegation to speak is the Sovereign Order of Malta. You have the floor.

Thank you, Mr. Chair. The Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights estimates that by 2050, one in six people globally will be aged 65 and over. Yet there are currently no universally applicable legislation standards that protect their rights, despite the fact that they are often at risk of age-based discrimination, limited access to healthcare, and at risk of violence, neglect, and abuse. The care of older persons is a key marker of the fairness, compassion, and justice in our societies. Additionally, as demographics shift across the world with aging populations, the silver economy presents significant opportunities for promoting inclusive growth, social cohesion, and sustainable development. By investing in innovative solutions that support healthy and active aging, societies can enhance the quality of life of older persons while creating new markets and employment opportunities. As a lay Catholic order that has been serving the vulnerable for nearly a millennium, the Sovereign Order of Malta sees the care of the elderly as a key part of our humanitarian mission. Our associations in Europe run over 100 care homes for the elderly, with many specialising in dementia care and tackling loneliness and social isolation among older people by promoting their wellbeing and inclusion through community activities. In addition, we offer mobile care services in Austria, assisted transport options in central Scotland and run a telephone fraud awareness campaign in Estonia. In Ukraine, the Order organised the Warmth for Ukraine initiative, providing fuel and warmth aids during prolonged power outages last winter. The Order of Malta recognizes the sanctity of life and the value that older people bring to our societies. We call on the international community to protect the most vulnerable in our societies, including older people, and ensure that they can live lives of dignity and respect. I thank you.

I thank the representative of the Sovereign Order of Malta. That concludes our list of speakers from the floor, and I will now invite our presenters to respond to some of the comments and questions. If I may, I think because a significant proportion of the questions and comments were directed towards, I think, the independent expert, Mr. Pritovshek, I will invite him to make some initial comments. I think initially you have 10 minutes. And then I think the UN, our UN colleagues have five minutes by way of response, but I'm sure we can be flexible on that. But Mr. Pritovshchak, you have the floor.

Mr. Chair, distinguished delegates, thank you for your thoughtful interventions, your questions, and the warm welcome extended to me during my first dialogue with the Third Committee. Allow me to respond by grouping together some of the themes which emerged across the discussion. First, several delegations, including Israel, Portugal, Slovenia, and Malaysia, raised important questions concerning autonomy, protection, supported decision-making, and cognitive impairment. The central message of my report is that dependency should not be understood as the opposite of autonomy, and autonomy is not the same as complete self-sufficiency. A person may require significant assistance in everyday life and nevertheless remain fully entitled to make choices, express preferences and participate in decisions affecting them. This principle actually is particularly important in situations involving cognitive impairment, which was mentioned by several, by, by several delegates. Communication, of course, in cognitive impairment may become more complex, but personhood does not diminish. Human rights-based approaches therefore require supported decision-making, accessible communications with help, appropriate safeguard, sometimes bringing in a person whom the patient with the cognitive impairment trusts and loves, and respect for the individual's will and preferences to the greatest extent possible. I know that at the end of the disease, at the end of this process, this becomes more and more difficult. But we should never abandon the realization that it is human being with genuine human rights which is here with us. Second, several delegations, including Bangladesh and Austria, highlighted the role of families and caregivers. And I fully agree that families remain central sources of support in every region of the world, from Manhattan to Nepal. Their contribution is indispensable. At the same time, we should avoid treating families as an unlimited private resource. This should not be an excuse that state should not help. Of course, state can help by different ways, by supporting families, by supporting some institutions, some, I know, local ways of helping the older persons. But we should not forget that caregivers require support themselves, including access to information, services, respite arrangements, and social protection. And as I mentioned, this is also a matter of gender equality, since women continue to bear a disproportionate share of unpaid caregiving responsibilities. Supporting caregivers ultimately strengthens the ability of older persons to exercise their rights and maintain their autonomy. But we should understand that it is helping the patient and helping the carer, both are very important from a human rights point. Third, a number of interventions focused on community-based support, independent living, and the realities of aging societies. And of course, there can be no single model appropriate for all countries. States face different demographic trends, institutional arrangements, resource constraints, and civilisations and cultural traditions which were shaping throughout millennia. Nevertheless, many positive practices are emerging across regions, including integrating home care services, age-friendly communities, accessible transport, social participation, and measures to combat loneliness and social isolation. I would like to thank Austria, because next year they will address one neglected but very, very important issue, and that is loneliness in old age. The common objective should be to enable older persons to remain connected to their communities and to continue exercising meaningful control over their lives as it unfolded through many decades for as long as possible. Now, several delegations also refer to emergencies, conflict situations, and humanitarian contacts. The principles described in the report are equally relevant in such circumstances. When support needs increase during emergencies, preserving autonomy becomes more difficult but also more important. Continue Continuity of care matters, but so does ensuring that older persons remain participants in decisions affecting them. Emergency responses should not inadvertently replace choice with protection or participation with paternalism. I also appreciate the questions concerning ageism, including in relation to new technologies and artificial intelligence. Ageism often operates quietly through the assumption that older persons are necessarily dependent, unable to contribute and incapable of making decisions. As societies increasingly rely on digital systems and automate decision making, it is important that such assumptions are not reproduced through technology. Older persons themselves should be included in the design, implementation, and evaluation of systems that affected them. And I think, you know, technology can increase autonomy when it expands communication, mobility, or choice, but it becomes problematic when it substitutes for human contact. without the person's wishes, increases surveillance, or creates new barriers. I think it's very important that technology should enlarge agency, not merely improve efficiency. Finally, many delegations referred to the ongoing process towards a legally binding international instrument on the human rights of older persons, and I thank them for doing this. The content of that future instrument is, of course, for member states to negotiate. Independent expert will not fight for convention. Basically, he will fight for the older people to have all human rights in whatever form, but However, I believe the experiences of older persons in situations of dependency illustrate particularly clearly why this intergovernmental work really matters. They reveal the practical challenges that arise when support needs increase. and help identify where existing protections remains insufficient in practice, where they are fragmented, dispersed, and such an intergovernmental document may help a lot in achieving our goals. I thank you very much.

I thank the independent expert on the enjoyment of all human rights by older persons very much indeed. Thank you for your contribution. And in the same spirit of reverse order of our original speakers, I would like to invite Ms. Lili Gray, Senior Liaison Officer at the New York UNHCR office to speak.

You have the floor.

Thank you, Mr. Chair, and I would also like to say thank you to everyone for the rich discussion, particularly on the exciting momentum around new normative document on older persons. So, from the perspective of UNESCO, I would like to pick up on what one distinguished delegate mentioned, that investment in lifelong learning is indeed an investment across generations. And to recall again that literacy as a fundamental part of human rights is considered through a lifelong learning perspective because what is meant to be a literate person 20 years ago has changed and evolved drastically. We know that literacy is important from the early stages of our lives through the youth years and certainly way back to the to the late stages of our lives. So from that perspective, indeed, investing in lifelong learning, it's quite important. And to the respective question by the delegate of Mali, yes, indeed, UNESCO, particularly through our Institute of Lifelong Learning, we have dedicated, targeted support to programs of countries to construe our programs and support adult literacy through policy advice, training of professionals and educators. And this is particularly done through the Global Alliance on Literacy that Mali in particular is a distinguished member. I would like also to thank other delegates that participated at the dialogue in recognizing the contribution of UNESCO as a UN specialized agency on education, on science, on communication and culture in the efforts we do to support member states to address the ever growing challenges in these AI transitions, and particularly, as I said, in the field of education and literacy. And I thank you all once again. Thank you.

Thank you very much indeed. And finally, I give the floor to Mr. Katoenga from DESA. You have the floor.

Thank you, Mr. Chair. I will address three questions that have been raised, one quite general with regard to how member states can help adapt to the increasing longevity. I will again refer to the report that recommends integrating demographic trends, international planning, strengthening social protection systems, and investing in healthy aging and disease prevention that support longer and more flexible working lives and improving data and analytical capacity to help guide your decisions with regard to how to benefit from the longevity dividend that we are experiencing. With regard to the question from the distinguished delegate from Angola on accessibility, we do have quite a few examples that demonstrate efforts that have been successful in addressing regulations and the cost of accessibility in the workplace. However, these tend to be ad hoc, and what we probably will need to do moving forward is better coordination amongst those who are involved in finding such solutions so that we can share them and scale up those initiatives that have been successful, and also to be able to access funding to ensure that those initiatives and approaches are sustained. So that is one of the approaches that we would take in terms of accessibility and recommending that these be scaled up and shared amongst our member states. There was a question from the distinguished delegate from the European Union with regard to how the United Nations system will coordinate and support its implementation to the follow-up of some of these commitments in the context of the World Social Development, delegations may remember that the expectation had been that the UN system would support member states in their follow-up on the commitments within their existing mandates. So that commitment remains from the UN system. We include our work that we do with the regional economic commissions and the resident coordinators on the ground. with regard to the follow-up and helping Member States in meeting the commitments that had been made in Doha. We also intend to work with you with regard to following up on some of the initiatives that had been launched in Doha, the solution forums, the solution sessions. that were successfully implemented. Many of you participated in them. Many of the UN system entities held these solution forums, so we are anticipating that we will continue to follow up on those solutions that have been shared and scale them up as we move forward. The success of the summit, as you would have seen, was actually the result, in part, by the great collaboration amongst the UN system. We had in place an interagency task force that was able to rally around preparations for the summit, and it is that same mechanism that we intend to use with regard to the follow-up actions and coordination of the efforts of the UN system and UN entities as we move forward to preparations for the first review cycle that will take place in 2031. For us, it is important also to ensure that partnerships are developed as we move forward with regard to how we support Member States in delivering those commitments. And that is something that we will work with you again alongside our entities in the UN system to ensure that no one is left behind. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.

Thank you so much. And can I thank each one of our three speakers and presenters this morning for that combined briefing. Let me remind delegations that the deadline for the submission of draft proposals under this agenda item is 1pm on Tuesday 13 October. Thank you very much indeed to our speakers and you're of course free to free to proceed with your day, but much appreciated. Okay, I now invite the committee to resume its consideration of agenda item 66, entitled Promotion and Protection of the Rights of Children, and its sub-items A and B. And the committee will now resume its general discussion of agenda item 66, and just a reminder, Those delegations speaking on behalf of a group of states have four minutes. Those delegations speaking individually have three minutes. And just a reminder that the microphone will switch off when that time limit is reached. So just to be alert to that, please. I would like you to Just take account of the fact that the list of speakers for this item will close at the end of the meeting or when the list is exhausted, whichever is sooner. I very much encourage you actively to monitor the list to ensure that you are able to speak at your allotted time. Just a warning that should the general discussion conclude after exhausting the list of speakers, ready in the room, the discussion will be closed and there will be no further opportunity to deliver a general statement under the item. So just if you'd be good enough to be alert to that. Now we have a relatively small number of speakers, I think, left over from the earlier consideration of this issue. I have Tunisia, Guyana, India, Papua New Guinea and Niger. Tunisia, you have the floor.

I thank you, Mr. Chair. Tunisia believes that children's rights are not measured by the commitments we adopt, but rather by what we actually guarantee for every child in terms of education, health, protection, and dignity. In Tunisia, child protection has been made an essential part of our national policy. The Child Protection Code has established a legal framework to protect children from violence, negligence, and exploitation. Moreover, we have mechanisms for intervention when they are exposed to danger. Tunisia continues to work on ensuring the right to education, health care, and social protection. We promote the inclusion of children with disabilities, and we give special attention to children in situations of vulnerability. In a world where conflict, poverty, and inequality are increasing, children remain the first to pay the price. The effects of being deprived of schooling or medical treatment or adequate nutrition do not end with childhood. Rather, the effects of this accompany the child throughout the course of his or her life. Mr. Chair, today, as we speak on the rights of children, the tragedy of Palestinian children imposes itself upon our collective conscience. Children were killed. Children lost their families under the rubble. Children have been displaced repeatedly, carrying what remains of their lives in a small bag, if they even had such bags. Schools have been destroyed or transformed into shelters. Hospitals have ceased functioning or have become unable to respond to the needs of the injured and the sick. Children who have experienced hunger, fear, and loss before even knowing the meaning of childhood. The death of a Palestinian child must not become another statistic in a report or an image that we simply scroll past, or recurring news that are so recurrent that we lose sight of their gravity. Tunisia reiterates its call for the protection of Palestinian children, for the respect for international law and international humanitarian law, the protection of schools, hospitals, civilian infrastructure, and the unhindered delivery of humanitarian assistance, Mr. Chair. The value of the system of children's rights is tested when a child's life is in danger and when the implementation of a law becomes a matter of life or death. And if the international community is unable to protect a child trapped beneath the rubble, or suffering from hunger, or deprived of medical care and education, then the gap between what we proclaim here and what that child experiences becomes too great to ignore. I thank you, Mr. Chair.

Thank you, Tunisia. I pass the floor to Guyana, to be followed by India. Guyana, you have the floor.

Thank you, Chair. Guyana aligns itself with the statement delivered on behalf of CARICOM. We have taken note of the report submitted under this agenda item and the recommendations contained therein. The Convention on the Rights of the Child is the most ratified human rights treaty. While there has been significant progress since its adoption over 25 years ago, too many children across the world continue to face inequalities, learning losses, climate-related shocks, mental health challenges, and all forms of violence, including online exploitation and digital harm. Millions of children still do not have access to their basic needs, such as food, clean water, education and health services. Critically, the umbrella that the Convention and international law provides children with must be translated into their daily lives. Chair, Guyana's commitment to the protection of children and ensuring their well-being is reflected in the significant investments across the education, health, and social protection sectors. The government is ensuring that every child has the support needed to attend school, including through the provision of textbooks, transportation grants, school uniform, and meals support. Cash grants are also provided for each child. Guyana is investing in connectivity and digital literacy for children. Simultaneously, action is being taken to ensure that children are protected from the risks associated with social media and digital platforms. This year, the government launched national multi-stakeholder dialogues on social media use and its consequential effects on children, focusing on children's screen time, cyberbullying, online grooming, and mental health risks. Health screenings in schools for children from the nursery level are supporting the early identification of potential health concerns, including developmental, learning, and physical challenges, and helping children receive the care and support they need for healthy growth and development. Chair, violence against children is abhorrent and must be condemned by all. The Government of Ghana is bolstering its child protection system with an integrated approach among the police force, social workers, and health teams, promoting swift and efficient handling of child abuse reports and enhancing accountability. year. Implementation of the Rights of the Child Convention requires targeted action at both national and international levels that include action to address the evolving challenges confronting children. Political will must be accompanied by increased investments. We must all do our part. Thank you.

Thank you, Guyana. I pass the floor to India, followed by Papua New Guinea. India, you have the floor.

Thank you, Mr. Chair. My delegation welcomes the discussion on the agenda on rights of children. For India, ensuring a safe, healthy, and empowering environment for every child is a moral imperative. The Constitution of India guarantees rights to all children and mandates their protection, education, and well-being. India has adopted a whole-of-government, whole-of-society approach to enable a child's holistic development from birth through adulthood. This begins with health by facilitating enhanced access to health services. 87% of children have received full vaccination coverage, with 95.6% of vaccinations occurring through public healthcare facilities. Schemes such as Janani Suraksha Yojana and Jan Shishu Suraksha have significantly reduced child and maternal mortality by ensuring safe deliveries, while the Poshan Abhiyan targets malnutrition in the first 1,000 days from birth. A child's holistic development demands simultaneous action on sanitation, education, and financial empowerment. The PM Poshan initiative delivers nutritious midday meals to children from preschool to grade eight, boosting rural enrollment in schools and building strong foundations of learning. Building on that foundation, the National Education Policy has worked to strengthen learning outcomes through experiential, multidisciplinary education. The Samagra Shiksha scheme has supported 14.9 million schools in digital learning. In this context, I am happy to highlight that India has achieved one of the highest rates of female enrollment in STEM education globally. Share strength of the youth is in its dynamism. In channeling the enthusiasm of the youth, sports plays a critical role. It fosters inclusion and cultivates social cohesion. The Khelo India mission is popularizing sports across schools and universities as a constructive avenue for collective expression, whereas a Fit India mission is promoting fitness as an essential part of daily life among the youth. A safe environment is paramount for a child's holistic development. India's protection of children from sexual offenses legislation provides a comprehensive legal and institutional framework against child sexual abuse. The National Commission for Protection of Child Rights actively monitors the implementation of laws relating to children. As digital spaces become fertile ground for cyber crime, terrorist propaganda, and recruitment, India's IT laws are being strengthened to protect children online. Chair, to conclude, India remains steadfast in nurturing every child's potential. We firmly believe that a nation invests in its future when it invests in its children. I thank you.

I thank India. I pass the floor to Papua New Guinea to be followed by Nigeria. Papua New Guinea, you have the floor.

Chair, as a state party to the Convention on the Rights of the Child, Papua New Guinea remains committed to advancing the protection, well-being, and development of every child. Children are central to our nation, and therefore, protecting their rights and well-being remains a national priority. Under a medium term development plan for 2023 to 2027, we continue to invest in children's quality education, social protection system. Our national child protection policy, together with the implementation of the Lookout and Pick Me Act 2015, provides an important framework for protecting children from violence, abuse, neglect, and exploitation, including children with disabilities and those affected by emergencies. As a pathfinding country under the Global Partnership to End Violence Against Children, Papua New Guinea is implementing measures under the Ending Violence Against Children Roadmap, while strengthening case management systems and child protection services, particularly for children in rural and remote communities. In April 2024, Papua New Guinea submitted its combined second and third periodic reports under the Convention on the Rights of the Child. In 2025, we also established a special parliamentary committee on children and youth well-being, strengthening parliamentary oversight and national accountability for the welfare of our children. Chair, we recognize that challenges remain on addressing issues regarding children. Papua New Guinea is strongly committed in our efforts to addressing child marriage, including through legal reforms aimed at harmonizing relevant legislation and strengthening protections for our children. We are also strengthening birth registration under the Civil Registration and Identification Management Act 2024, ensuring that every child is registered and has a legal identity, which is essential for accessing education, healthcare, social protection, and other basic services. In juvenile justice, reforms under the Juvenile Justice Act 2014 continue to promote diversion and child-sensitive approaches, including measures to raise the minimum age of criminal responsibility to 14 years. Chair, Papua New Guinea is a youthful nation with more than one third of our population between the ages of 12 and 30. Our National Youth Policy 2020 to 2030 and National Youth Engagement Strategy 2025 to 2029 seek to provide young people with greater opportunities in education, training, entrepreneurship, agriculture, and fisheries. For Papua New Guinea, protecting and advancing the rights of our children means ensuring that they can grow up free from violence, receive quality education, have access essential services and equip them appropriately to be the cornerstone of our country's development. I thank you.

Thank you, Papua New Guinea. Our final speaker for this portion is Niger. You have the floor.

Chair, Niger is a party to the Convention on the Rights of the Child since 1990 and to the African Charter on and rights of children since 1989. Our country seeks to guarantee that each child has legal security, access to education, effective protection against violence and exploitation. Led by the President and head of state, this responsibility is translated into rights and measurable results. Allow me to provide a few examples. On the normative level, we have ratified the first two optional protocols on child involvement in our conflicts, and we have adopted relevant legislation in healthcare. We have free care for children under five and free vaccination, including and a broader vaccination programme for children under 16 months. There are 72 child protection services currently functioning. There is a digitised information system, and more than 1.6 million children have benefited from preventative and care measures since 2023. This progress has been achieved in a challenging security context. In many regions of the country, armed terrorist groups expose children to recruitment, exploitation, IEDs, and the interruption of their schooling. Nearly half of IDPs in Niger are children. has chosen to consider children associated with armed groups as victims first. In February 2025, we adopted a national DDR strategy, which includes a protocol for the transfer of these children to civilian child protection services. With the support of UNICEF, these mechanisms have already allowed for 49 children captured during military operations to be transferred. And this was reflected in the SG's report on children in armed conflict. This approach is now being taken to the regional level. In 2026, my country hosted the first forum for the states of the Alliance of the Sahel dedicated to DDR. Member states and their partners compared their national experience and laid the foundations for a common approach for the prevention of violent extremism and peace building. Chair, school is for us the first line of protection for children. A child in school is less exposed to recruitment, early marriage, or child labor. Thank you.

I thank the representative Niger that is the last speaker on our list, and we now move to the right of reply. The exercise of the right of reply has been requested in accordance with rule 115 of the rules of procedure of the General Assembly, and I would like to remind delegations that the number of interventions in exercise of the right of reply for any delegation at a given meeting should be limited to two per item. first intervention should be limited to five minutes and the second to three minutes. I give the floor to the Russian Federation. Russian Federation, you have the floor.

Thank you, Mr. Chairman. We regretfully note that certain delegations are continuing to use this committee with impunity in order to promote political narratives. We will take this into account as well as we plan our own future work in the committee. I will comment on the most egregious claims that were made during the general discussion. The reference to the myth of the forcible displacement of children in connection with the SG's annual report on children in armed conflict is a clear example of manipulating information. That document does not attribute the abduction of children to Russia. Overall, the abduction of Ukrainian children is an example of a malicious and large-scale disinformation campaign. The figure of 20,000 allegedly displaced children has no factual documentary evidence. In reality, the Ukrainian side has requested the return of only 339 children. Among them are individuals who have never been on the territory of the Russian Federation, as well as those who have never changed their place of residence and continue to live with their families. At the same time, we have already cited data here from the European Commission on unaccompanied Ukrainian children in Europe. In 2022, that number stood at precisely around 23,000. However, this issue remains on the periphery of your attention. Efforts towards family reunification are being carried out continuously with Kyiv. At the same time, children are returning not only to Ukraine, but also to Russia. This is a two-way process. On the Russian side, the contact person is the Presidential Commissioner for Children's Rights, Maria Alekseevna Lvova-Belova. The issuance of an arrest warrant for her by the so-called International Criminal Court should apparently be interpreted as the unwillingness of this quasi-judicial body to allow this work to continue. Finally, advocating for the fate of Ukrainian children while completely ignoring the victims among Russian minors is hypocrisy. Not a single week goes by without reports of Russian children being killed as a result of the use of drones, artillery, and missile strikes, and the detonation of mines and cluster munitions by the Ukrainian armed forces. However, no one here has called Ukraine to account, and that's a clear example of double standards. Thank you for your attention.

I thank the Russian Federation That brings us to the end of any requests for the floor. And therefore, I beg. I have Ukraine having requested the floor. Please proceed.

Thank you, Mr. Chair. We didn't plan to take a floor, but we will have to respond to what has just been said in this room. It's worth reminding that today is the birthday of Vladimir Putin, and today the Russian army presented him with a gift. Overnight and this morning, it launched another massive combined attack against Ukraine civilian and residential objects, using about 70 missiles and more than 100 drones. In Preluha, the Ukrainian city, A Russian missile struck a residential building. At least 16 people were killed, including four children. 55 people were injured, including seven more children. This is what Russia brought to Ukraine today as this committee discusses the promotion of rights of children. And then its representative comes here on the same very day to lecture us about the protection of children. We will simply reiterate what is obvious. already well known, thoroughly documented, and recognized by the international community. Russia is the aggressor. Ukraine is defending its people. For four consecutive years, Russia has been listed by the Secretary-General for grave violations against Ukrainian children. Thousands of Ukrainian children have been killed or injured. More than 20,000 cases of their deportation and forced transfers have been documented. Under Russian occupation, Ukrainian children are subjected to systematic indoctrination and militarization. Their language, history, and identity are being suppressed. These are not Ukrainian allegations. These are documented findings of international monitoring mechanisms. And accountability for these crimes is not a distant prospect. Last week, a conference in Toronto has brought together 72 states and 11 international organizations and demonstrated the breadth of international resolve to return Ukrainian children that have been stolen by Russia, but also Ukrainian POWs and civilian detainees. And Ukraine, together with international partners and United Nations institutions, will not rest until those responsible are held to account. Perhaps this is precisely what Russia fears, because the circle of accountability is tightening, the evidence is accumulating, international mechanisms are moving forward, more states are joining efforts to return Russia's children stolen by Russia and hold those responsible to account. And the louder the process becomes, the louder Russian propaganda, including in this room, becomes. But not lie will erase these crimes, make evidence disappear, or shield those responsible from accountability. Thank you.

I thank the representative of Ukraine. I don't have any other delegation seeking the floor. And in the absence of any other delegation seeking the floor, which I don't have, that therefore concludes the general discussion of agenda item 66. I would now invite the committee to begin its consideration of agenda item 67, entitled Rights of Indigenous Peoples, and its sub-items A and B. As you would all be aware, the documentation for this item is listed on iGov. I now invite the committee to begin its general discussion on this item. I will briefly refer to the rules concerning time limits. Four minutes for delegations on behalf of groups, three minutes for interventions by individual delegations, and as already touched on earlier today, the microphone will switch off automatically when time is up. Please monitor the live list to be ready to speak at your allotted slot, and in the event that you are not available, that could create some difficulties down the track. I now give the floor to the first of our listed speakers, which is the Russian Federation, followed by Indonesia, Cuba, and Guyana. Russian Federation, you have the floor.

Mr. Chairman, Russia seeks to consistently fulfill its international obligations in the sphere of protecting the rights of indigenous peoples, including in the spirit of the outcome document of the 2014 World Conference on Indigenous Peoples. Russian legislation has historically been based on the recognition of the particular vulnerability of the small indigenous peoples of the North Siberia and the Far East, as well as on the preservation of their traditional way of life and economic activities. In practical terms, we are taking systematic measures to create favorable living conditions, restore ecosystems, and adapt to climate change. Russia was among the first to adopt federal and regional action plans on the preservation of indigenous languages in the context of the UN proclaimed International Decade of Indigenous Languages. We support the active participation of indigenous peoples in international activities, including within UN fora. Mr. Chairman, In many countries, Indigenous peoples continue to face dire socioeconomic conditions, are being deprived of their ancestral lands and resources, and witnessing environmental degradation. The policies of colonization and assimilation pursued by European countries, the United States, and Canada have had a devastating impact on this, and the consequences are still being felt today. We note that the issue of Indigenous peoples' rights is subject to excessive politicization in international fora. We regret to note the susceptibility of the UN Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues and the Expert Mechanism on the Rights of Indigenous People of the Human Rights Council to political considerations. Their research and conclusions are often based on misinformation from biased anti-Russian NGOs. At the same time, civil society organizations that genuinely represent the interests of Russia's indigenous peoples consistently face visa issues and other artificial obstacles that make their participation in relevant international forums and discussions nearly impossible. We call on States that host various UN offices, bodies, and conferences and meetings on Indigenous peoples' issues to take their obligations responsibly and seriously. On the eve of the 20th anniversary of the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, we call for a return to constructive cooperation in the interests of Indigenous Peoples. Thank you.

Thank you, Russian Federation. I pass the floor to Indonesia, to be followed by Cuba. Indonesia, you have the floor.

Mr. Chair, Indonesia recognizes the crucial role of all stakeholders, including Indigenous Peoples, in shaping sustainable development. safeguarding ecosystems, and advancing the SDGs. Their traditional knowledge and cultural practices are essential to these efforts. Allow me to highlight three points. First, addressing indigenous issues requires comprehensive cultural understanding. The concept of indigenous is shaped by distinct historical, cultural, and social contexts with no internationally agreed legal definition of indigenous peoples. Imposing a singular definition risks excluding communities and oversimplifying complex identities. Indonesia encourages member states and the UN system to respect this diversity, ensuring that policies empower cultural communities and enable meaningful participation, taking into account national circumstances. Second, Indonesia continues to strengthen protection for masyarakat hukum adat. Their unique characteristics should be understood within Indonesia's constitutional and legal framework, which is distinct from the concept of indigenous peoples. The draft bill on is included in the priority national legislation program for 2026. Our new penal code, effective since January, recognizes customary law within the national legal system, consistent with constitutional requirements and human rights. Following the Constitutional Court's affirmation that customary forests are not state forests, Indonesia is accelerating the recognition, targeting 1.4 million hectares by 2029. Our Village Cultural Advancement Program also supports cultural preservation and community livelihoods. Third, Indonesia supports constructive efforts to enhance participation in relevant UN processes. We welcome General Assembly Resolution 80/303 particularly its reaffirmation of UNDRIP principles, including respect for the territorial integrity and political unity of sovereign states. Enhanced participation should complement existing modalities and follow the rules of procedures of the respective UN bodies. We look forward to engaging constructively in the next stages through transparent and inclusive consultations that respect diverse historical, cultural, and national contexts. Mr. Chair, Through collective action and respect for diversity, we can ensure that their voices are heard and their contributions valued. Indonesia stands ready to advance the shared objective. Thank you.

Thank you, Indonesia. I pass the floor to Cuba, to be followed by Guyana. Cuba.

You have the floor.

Thank you very much, Chair. Historically, indigenous peoples have been submitted to grave violations of their rights to brutal practices of discrimination, the sacking of their resources, and even to genocide. These peoples have been dispossessed of their lands, territories and resources. They have been subjected to assimilation or forced assimilation and their cultural, religious goods have been taken away from them and they have been deprived of development and the use or exploitation of their mineral resources, water resources or other types of resources. The outlook for dispossession of indigenous peoples around the world, including in developed countries, is a source of grave concern. The history of colonization, oppression that these people have experienced has led to marginalization and poverty levels that remain until this day. The promise of the 2030 agenda to leave no one behind will continue to be just an aspiration if we do not recognize, promote, and protect and make real the rights of indigenous peoples. The United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples is the main instrument that we have in our hands. This is undeniable for advancing in the rights of these people who have been subject to dispossession and so many other violations. This is a sign of the decisive political will to implement the principles in UNDRIP. Chair, it's crucial for the international community to strengthen its commitment and to show greater political will to address and resolve the just claims of our Indigenous Peoples. Cuba reiterates its firm support for the just claims of the Indigenous Peoples, and we would encourage the international community to show greater political will to promote concrete actions to allow the effective realization of these rights and also the protection of the economic, social, and cultural and civil rights, as well as political rights of indigenous peoples. In Cuba, we are very proud of our mixed heritage, including the original peoples in our territory that were cruelly exterminated as a result of colonialism. I thank you.

I thank the representative of Cuba. I pass the floor to Guyana, followed by Venezuela, then Brazil. Guyana, you have the floor.

Thank you, Chair. Guyana aligns itself with the statement delivered on behalf of CARICOM. We thank the Special Rapporteur for his report on the rights of indigenous peoples. We take note of the recommendations contained therein, specifically on land tenure, which is crucial to biodiversity conservation, ecosystem restoration, and the cultural preservation of indigenous peoples. In Guyana, indigenous peoples, also referred to as Amerindians, share the same fundamental rights and freedoms under the Constitution as all Guyanese. However, additional collective rights and protections are secured under the Amerindian Act of 2006. This act addresses governance, land rights, sustainable use and benefit sharing of natural resources, and the preservation of cultural heritage, among others. Our Ministry of Amerindian Affairs collaborates closely with Amerindian communities in accordance with the principle of free, prior and informed consent to implement initiatives geared towards their economic, social and cultural development. An example of this is the Land Titling Project, which provides funding to title and demarcate lands, formalizing Indigenous peoples' land rights and securing their autonomy to sustain and manage their lands. Chair, Guyana recognizes the very important role indigenous people play in environmental stewardship. Their vast traditional knowledge, cultures, and institutions, which include sustainable resource management practices, serve as lessons in how to live in balance with nature. To ensure these traditions and practices are preserved, in addition to the annual government investments, indigenous communities are benefiting from 15% of all revenues earned from the sale of carbon credits under our low-carbon development strategy. This represents the largest injection of direct transfer of funds to indigenous communities. The strategy aims to transform the economy while combating climate change. In conclusion, Chair, the government of Guyana continues to improve access to education, healthcare, and social protection services decrease the digital divide and increase opportunities for economic empowerment for indigenous peoples across Guyana as Guyana's development enters a rapidly expanding phase and we seek to improve the lives of all our people targeted efforts are ongoing to ensure indigenous peoples are not left behind this is necessary since the majority of indigenous villages are in remote and hard to reach areas we're also working with indigenous peoples to benefit from their vast knowledge and experience to create a just and inclusive society where the rights and dignity of all are respected.

Thank you, Ghana. I pass the floor to Venezuela, followed by Brazil, then India. Venezuela, you have the floor.

Thank you, Chair. Venezuela welcomes the convening of this discussion on a subject of profound historical relevance and of particular importance for our country. Venezuela commemorates the day of indigenous resistance every October 12th. This is an expression of recognition and tribute to our indigenous peoples, whose resistance to colonization and to the imposition of foreign cultural models represents a fundamental part of our historical memory. This resistance transcends the past and carries through into the present through the continuous defense and assertion of their rights, identity, cultures, and ways of life. The constitution of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela enshrines the multi-ethnic and pluricultural character of our nation, recognizing the existence of 44 indigenous peoples. Their cultures and languages constitute an essential part of our national heritage. Similarly, the Venezuelan legal system recognizes their collective rights, including the rights to their habitats and lands, guaranteeing their inalienable, unforfeitable and non-transferable rights over indigenous lands in perpetuity, safeguarding their ancestral relationship with the land. Under this framework, indigenous peoples have been included as a priority with a differentiated approach in accordance with their cultural, social and territorial specificities, and they've been incorporated in this way into public policies and national development plans. Venezuela has made progress in strengthening the primary care network in indigenous communities. These efforts incorporate a knowledge dialogue between scientific medicine and the knowledge and practices of traditional indigenous medicine, promoting initiatives from a perspective of decolonization and interculturality that respects the worldview, cultural identity, and ancestral heritage of our indigenous peoples. These efforts become particularly pertinent in view of the issues addressed during the sessions of the 25th Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues that was held in April/May of this year, dedicated to the health of Indigenous Peoples, and also in light of the International Day of Indigenous Peoples, dedicated this year to the recognition of Indigenous midwives and their contribution to the reduction of maternal and infant mortality. as well as their role as the guardians of knowledge and the preservation of the languages, values and practices that sustain indigenous cultures throughout the generations. Chair, Venezuela reaffirms that defending and promoting indigenous peoples ultimately represents a defense of cultural diversity and the wealth of humanity. I thank you.

Thank you, Venezuela. I pass the floor to Brazil, to be followed by India. Brazil, you have the floor. Microphone for Brazil.

Thank you, Mr. Chair. Brazil values the opportunity to engage in this dialogue on the rights of the indigenous peoples. The adoption of General Assembly resolution on the enhancement of their participation in the United Nations was an important step. We look forward to implementing this decision. The UN Declaration also recognized the right of indigenous peoples to participate in decision-making processes that affect them, including within the United Nations system. Indigenous peoples, especially indigenous women and girls, must be able to speak for themselves and to participate directly in discussions and decisions that affect their lives. The contribution of indigenous peoples is invaluable across different dimensions of the multilateral agenda. At COP30 held in Brazil last November, their participation was essential to achieving meaningful outcomes. At the same time, we wish to highlight the importance of ensuring regional and intra-regional balance in all consultations conducted within the UN. Equitable representation from the seven social cultural regions with due attention to sub-regions is essential. Beyond financial constraints, Achieving such balance requires addressing another major obstacle, language barriers. Brazil considers it essential to explore ways for the United Nations to provide interpretation for indigenous representatives who do not speak the organization's official languages. Lastly, allow me to share the recent visit of the expert mechanisms on the rights of indigenous peoples to Brazil just last June. The experts engaged directly with indigenous peoples in our country, including on issues related to the protection of peoples in voluntary isolation and initial contact. Brazil received the mechanism experts with openness and transparency. We look forward to receiving the findings and recommendations from the visit and encourage all countries to make greater use of international human rights mechanisms and special procedures. Thank you.

Thank you, Brazil. I pass the floor to India, to be followed by Canada. India, you have the floor.

Thank you, Mr. Chair. My delegation reiterates our consistent support for the promotion and protection of the rights of Indigenous peoples where they exist. We also reaffirm our support for the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, adopted in 2007. The 80th session witnessed extensive discussion on measures to enhance the participation of Indigenous Peoples in relevant UN meetings, that led to the adoption of a resolution on this subject. My delegation played an active and constructive role in this regard, and we remain committed to this course. However, we are concerned at the selective use of principles of UNDRIP, as well as the attempts to impose narratives and definitions on member states as witnessed during recent negotiations. Reluctance to acknowledge the fundamental principle of sovereignty and territorial integrity of member states, as well as established differences in historical and national context in these conversations on Indigenous Peoples, undermine the very efforts to strengthen their voices. In an era that is witnessing erosion of trust and multilateral cooperation, such approach only continues to raise apprehensions in the minds of member states. In this context, it is crucial to address a fundamental issue of defining indigenous peoples in a manner that is internationally agreed upon and suitable for diverse national contexts, a principle emphasized in UNDRIP. India has always adhered to the definition provided in Article 1 of ILO Convention number 169 of 1989, which states that indigenous peoples are those regarded as indigenous on account of their descent from populations which inhabited the country or a geographical region to which the country belongs at the time of conquest or colonization or the establishment of present state boundaries and who, irrespective of their legal status, retain some or all of their own social, economic, cultural and political institutions. In India's context, we consider the entire population at the time of our independence and their successors to be indigenous. The concept of indigenous peoples as understood in certain international discourse is not applicable to India's unique civilizational history characterized by diverse ethnic groups and cultures coexisting for millennia. We must therefore exercise caution in applying concepts without distinction and nuances, as they may lead to unintended consequences that could undermine the interest of all stakeholders involved. The principles of self-identification should be balanced with state recognition based on comprehensive, objective criteria suitable for different national contexts. We strongly advocate for national governments to play a primary role in identification and accreditation processes, both at national and UN level. Chair, India reaffirms its strong commitment to remain constructively engaged in promoting and protecting the rights of Indigenous Peoples. Thank you.

Thank you, India. Canada, followed by Ukraine. Canada, you have the floor.

Mr. Chair. Canada thanks the Secretary-General and the Special Rapporteur on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples for their reports. The Special Rapporteur's report highlights Indigenous peoples' continued struggle to have their rights to lands, territories, and resources recognized and respected. Canada takes seriously concerns that accelerated economic development might come at the expense of these rights. More remains to be done, including at home. Indigenous peoples must be involved in decisions affecting them. Their rights and priorities must shape those decisions. Respect for Indigenous rights is essential to sustainable development and economic partnerships.

States must respect the rights of people. Indigenous peoples must be able to participate fully, effectively, and meaningfully in decisions likely to have an impact on their rights. must consult indigenous peoples and cooperate with them in good faith through their representative institutions in order to obtain their free, prior and informed consent. Canada takes threats, intimidation, criminalization and violence that affect the rights of indigenous peoples very seriously. Indigenous peoples should be able to exercise their rights without fear of reprisals and fulfill their responsibility to their people, land, water, and the territories that they have been caring for since time immemorial.

Also be able to participate meaningfully at the United Nations. The United Nations Voluntary Fund for Indigenous Peoples helps Indigenous voices overcome barriers to participation. One senior fellow from Suriname described how the fund connected his community to UN processes. built international partnerships, and strengthened its capacity to advocate for its rights. Canada proudly supports the Fund and encourages more member states and donors to provide sustained and predictable contributions.

However, existing modalities are not sufficient to replace institutional measures. Canada supports increased participation of representative and institutions of Indigenous people at the United Nations. Canada will continue to work with Indigenous peoples, Member States and the United Nations in order to convert these commitments into concrete actions. I thank you.

Thank you, Canada. I have Ukraine, followed by the Holy See, who's the last delegation I have listed here. Ukraine, you have the floor.

Thank you, Mr. Chair. Ukraine's commitment to indigenous peoples' rights is anchored in the Constitution of Ukraine, the Parliament's endorsement of the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous People, and the Law of 2021 on Indigenous Peoples. Earlier this year, our government has also formally recognized the Majlis as the representative body of the Crimean Tatar people, strengthening the basis for their meaningful consultation and participation in the policymaking. Yet while Ukraine advances these rights of indigenous people, systematic erasure of Crimean Tatar identity under Russia's temporary occupation of Crimea remains deeply alarming and painfully familiar. It's worth reminding that in 1944, the Soviet regime deported almost the entire nation from its homeland, nearly 200,000 people. And 80 years later, this oppression is being repeated. Since the temporary occupation, about 50,000 Crimean Tatars have been forced to leave, many young men fleeing Russian mobilization. Meanwhile, over a million Russian citizens have been resettled there. Of at least 284 victims of politically motivated persecution, more than half are Crimean Tatars. Of almost 400 school classes taught in Crimean Tatar before the temporary occupation, barely 100 remain. In its judgment of 2024, the International Court of Justice found that Russia violated the Convention on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination with regards to school education in the native language in Crimea, and also violated the court's binding order to allow the activities of the Mejlis, which remains banned. Mr. Chair, we are also deeply concerned by the growing persecution of indigenous people in Russia itself. Independent indigenous organizations and activists have increasingly been targeted under Russian legislation on so-called extremism, terrorism, undesirable organizations, and foreign agents charges, including for their peaceful advocacy and engagement with the United Nations. Indigenous communities continue to face restrictions, and ethnic minorities have been disproportionately affected by Russia's recruitment for its war of aggression against Ukraine. These practices stand in stark contrast to Russia's proclaimed commitment to the rights of indigenous people. We call on the international community to stand with indigenous peoples whose rights have been suppressed, whether in Russia itself or in the territories it temporarily occupies, to maintain close scrutiny and to ensure that their voices are heard and protected. I thank you.

Thank you, Ukraine. I now give the floor to the Holy See.

Mr. Chair, every human person is endowed with inherent dignity and equal rights. Indigenous peoples, with their unique histories, cultures, spiritualities, and ancestral bonds to the land, form an indispensable part of the human family. their rights must be respected, protected and promoted as a matter of justice and of the common good. In his 2025 report, the Special Rapporteur on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples affirms that the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples has contributed to increase their global recognition. This has resulted in constitutional, legislative and policy measures being adopted that acknowledge indigenous peoples as rights holders under international law. These concrete steps provide a beneficial framework for the engagement between states and the indigenous peoples. At the same time, they contribute to the recognition and realization of indigenous peoples' rights, their cultural and spiritual heritage, and their contribution to broader society and the common good. This is all the more significant as 2027 marks the 20th anniversary of the declaration, which remains a key instrument in promoting Indigenous peoples' rights. The UNDRIP affirms the right of Indigenous peoples to self-determination. Through this right, they can freely determine their political status and pursue their economic, social and cultural development. The declaration recognizes the rights to the land, territories and resources they have traditionally owned, occupied or used, and require states to consult and cooperate in good faith in order to obtain their free, prior and informed consent before approving projects affecting those lands or resources. It upholds their rights to maintain and strengthen their distinct institutions, cultures, languages, traditions and spiritualities free from discrimination. Indigenous peoples are not objects of development policies, but subjects and protagonists of their own destinies. Their wisdom and living in harmony with creation offers vital lessons for the culture of care and for building a more just and fraternal world. Mr. Chair, Pope Leo XIV urged that in the Assembly of Nations, indigenous peoples must present their own human culture and Christian ways courageously and freely. These words should guide the approach of the international community, recognition of past wounds, commitment to reconciliation, and firm defense of the fundamental human rights and the God-given dignity of every human being. I thank you.

I thank the Holy See. That brings us to the end of the list of those delegations wishing to take the floor. I have one delegation which wishes to exercise a right of reply. I won't restate the right of reply rules. I read them out only a few moments ago. But the Russian Federation, you have the floor for right of reply.

Mr. Chairman, more than 190 peoples live in Russia, 40 of which are small indigenous peoples of the North and Far East. We have consistently been implementing a positive state policy for these peoples, and unlike many states, we recognize and protect their rights on our territory. Russia has a functioning legal system with all the necessary guarantees to which Indigenous people have access without any discrimination. Unfortunately, in recent years, the issue of Indigenous peoples is excessively politicized, it is replete with cynical double standards and is aimed at creating divisions and confrontation rather than cooperation between all members of the global community. It is absolutely clear that those delegations that make accusations against us are doing this for political purposes rather than to protect anyone's rights. We would like to respond to some of the accusations voiced against Russia, in particularly regarding the alleged violations of human rights, the rights of human rights defenders. We highlight that any human rights defense activities, including defending the rights of indigenous peoples, should be within the under legislation in effect, including legislation against combating terrorism and extremism. We believe it is unacceptable for a number of delegations to attempt to interfere in the work of judicial and legal organs of other member states under trumped-up and politicized pretenses. The attempts of the Ukrainian delegation to accuse Russia of undermining the human rights of the residents of Crimea is completely unjustified and baseless, and this has been reaffirmed by the ICJ. based on the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, the court recognized the lack of discrimination against Tatars in Crimea. The situation of the Tatar people and issues that have been piling up during the time that Crimea has been a part of Ukraine, and which have been pointed out repeatedly by the OSCE and EU were finally addressed only after Crimea was reunited with Russia in 2014. Currently, Crimea is a flourishing region of Russia where peoples of all ethnicities and nationalities have equal opportunities and rights and live together in peace and understanding. We call for states to avoid politicization of our dialogue here in the Third Committee, including when it comes to Indigenous peoples. Thank you.

Thank you, Russian Federation. I have no other speaker seeking the right of reply. If no other speaker identifies themselves as wishing to do so, that enables us to move, well, that brings us to the conclusion of our general discussion of agenda item 67. and it enables us to move to consideration of agenda item 110 entitled Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice, and agenda item 111 entitled International Drug Control. All of you will be well aware the documentation relevant to those items is listed on iGov, and we can now begin our general discussion of items 110 and 111. Jointly, a quick reminder, groups have four minutes, individual delegations have three, and you will sadly be cut off, but I thank very much everybody who's been superbly on time today, so it's been actually brilliant. Please monitor the live lists, and I look forward very much to your ongoing participation. I have a list in front of me, and the first speaker is Singapore on behalf of ASEAN. Singapore, you have the floor.

Thank you, Mr. Chair. I am pleased to speak on behalf of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations. Transnational criminals are exploiting our digital connectivity and artificial intelligence to operate with greater speed, sophistication, and scale. Our response must therefore be equally agile, coordinated, and resolute. Later this month, the ASEAN Ministers will meet at the 20th ASEAN Ministerial Meeting on Transnational Crime, and the 9th ASEAN Ministerial Meeting on Drug Matters to discuss how to strengthen our efforts against transnational crime and illicit drugs. Illicit drugs continue to pose a serious threat in our region. According to the UNODC's latest report on synthetic drugs in East and Southeast Asia, methamphetamine seizures reached a record 349 tonnes in 2025, up 48% from the previous year. Behind these statistics are ordinary individuals, families and communities whose lives have been harmed by drugs. On 26 June, ASEAN marked the inaugural ASEAN Drug Victims Remembrance Day and stood in solidarity with those harmed by drugs. We remain steadfast in our vision of a drug-free ASEAN and our zero-tolerance approach to illicit drugs. ASEAN reaffirms the three international drug control conventions as the cornerstone of the international drug control system. We will continue to work closely with the Commission on Narcotic Drugs, UNODC, and the International Narcotics Control Board to combat the manufacture and trafficking of illicit drugs and prevent the diversion of precursor chemicals for illicit drug manufacture. ASEAN takes the problem of trafficking in persons very seriously. ASEAN has established a five-year work plan to tackle this challenge, built on four pillars: prevention, protection, prosecution, and partnerships. We have developed an ASEAN Compendium on International Legal Cooperation to strengthen cross-border investigations and prosecutions of trafficking in persons cases. Traffickers often force victims into criminal activities, such as work in scam centres. Therefore, ASEAN has developed indicators to help authorities identify such victims and, where appropriate, protect them from criminal liability. Mr. Chair, Compounding these challenges, many forms of transnational crimes are converging online. ASEAN welcomes the adoption of the United Nations Convention against Cybercrime in December 2024, and its opening for signature in Vietnam last October. At the regional level, ASEAN is stepping up its response. We have refreshed our Cyber Cooperation Strategy, under which the ASEAN Regional Computer Emergency Response Team would serve as the focal point for capacity building, information sharing, and crisis coordination. ASEAN will continue to coordinate regional action against scams through the ASEAN Anti-Scam Working Group and the ASEAN Working Group on Cybercrime and Online Scams. We have adopted the ASEAN Guide on Anti-Scam Policies and Best Practices. and will work on regional baseline anti-scam safeguards. These cross-cutting challenges do not stop at national borders. Therefore, neither can our response. ASEAN remains committed to deepening cooperation amongst our Member States, with the United Nations and the international community to safeguard our people. Thank you.

Thank you, Singapore, on behalf of ASEAN. I now give the floor to the Russian Federation, to be followed by Thailand. Russian Federation, you have the floor.

Thank you, Mr. Chairman, distinguished delegates. Russia consistently supports strengthening counter-crime cooperation with the United Nations playing a central coordinating role based on relevant conventions. We call on all states to engage in good faith and non-politicized cooperation without hidden agendas or double standards. We support the UN retaining a leading role in coordinating the efforts of relevant international and national bodies in the fight against trafficking in persons and human organs. We believe it is important to open the UN Convention against Cybercrime for signature. We call on States to accede to this convention and ensure its early entry into force through its ratification. We aim to expand its scope by developing a separate protocol on additional criminal offenses. We're firmly committed to the guiding principles of the mechanism for the review of the implementation of the Convention against corruption. We believe it is necessary to follow the provision of the terms of reference of the review mechanism and resolution 11 slash 2 of the Conference of the Parties. to the Convention during the preparation of the second phase of the review. We note the need to strengthen the international legal framework for asset recovery. In this regard, we look forward to the prompt convening of a special session of the Conference on all aspects of asset recovery and to achieving concrete agreements following its conclusion. The international legal framework for drug control is marking its 65th anniversary this year. It has proven its effectiveness. At the same time, the global drug situation is becoming increasingly complex. In this context, the importance and relevance of the UN Commission on Narcotic Drugs is growing, as it is responsible for developing a global counter-narcotics strategy. Like many other countries, Russia is facing a rapid increase in the illicit production of synthetic drugs from foreign raw ingredients. In this regard, we call on States to support our initiative to place four precursors of cathinone-type drugs, and one precursor of artisanal methadone under international control. We note the detrimental nature of actions taken by some states to renege on their obligations under drug control conventions and to permit the non-medical circulation and trafficking of drugs. We call for refraining from promoting controversial methods of so-called harm reduction in the context of drug addiction. Russia consistently supports the UN Office on Drugs and Crime in implementing technical assistance programs in the fight against crime, cybercrime, corruption, piracy, and drugs. We allocate $3 million annually for these purposes. We attach great importance to successful cooperation on anti-crime and anti-drug initiatives within the framework of BRICS, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, the Commonwealth of Independent States, and the Collective Security Treaty Organization. We are open to cooperation with all interested states. Thank you very much.

Thank you, Russian Federation. I pass the floor to Thailand, to be followed by Indonesia. Thailand, you have the floor.

Thank you, Chair. Thailand aligns with the ASEAN Statement delivered by Singapore. As an active member of the Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice and the Commission on Narcotic Drugs, Thailand remains steadfast in our conviction that effective crime prevention must be balanced with upholding the rule of law and human dignity. Thailand welcomes the success of the 15th United Nations Crime Congress and aligns itself with the spirit and commitments enshrined in the Abu Dhabi Declaration. In this connection, we wish to share our views on the following issue. First, the Bangkok Rules, Nelson Manila Rules, and the Tokyo Rules constitute UN standard and norms in the treatment of offenders. Treating offender, especially women, with equity and dignity is not just a moral obligation, but it is essential for future crime prevention and social integration. Following the 15th anniversary of the Bangkok Rule last year, Thailand remains committed to carrying forward the vision of Her Royal Highness Princess Bajrakitiyapong and promoting the effective implementation of the rules worldwide. Second, criminal networks have weaponized technology to run criminal organization on an industrial scale. Robust partnership between state, tech companies, and financial institution is therefore required to tackle this malicious network and fortify our collective digital ecosystem. Thailand, along with the UNODC, co-hosted the International Conference on the Global Partnership Against Online Scam in December last year to strengthen global partnership in combating online scam. The conference adopted the 2025 Bangkok Joint Statement, which outlined four pillars for action: prevention, prosecution, protection, and policy and partnership. We also joined the Global Fraud Summit and the Group of Friends for Combating Technology-Facilitated Trafficking in Person earlier this year to further strengthen practical collaboration. Third, regarding international drug control, Thailand supports a people-centered approach that combine prevention and law enforcement with evidence-based treatment, rehabilitation and social reintegration. Under our drug user as patients policy, public health and human dignity remain central. Thailand reiterates the value of alternative development in addressing the root causes of illicit cultivation. We welcome the adoption of the CND resolution entitled Appendix Complementing the United Nations Guiding Principles on Alternative Development and call for its wider implementation. In closing, Thailand reiterates our commitment to cooperate with the international community to tackle crime, strengthen humane criminal justice systems and address the world drug problem. Thank you.

Thank you, Thailand. I pass for Indonesia to be followed by Kuwait. Indonesia, you have the floor.

Thank you, Mr. Chair. Indonesia aligns itself with its statement delivered by Singapore on behalf of ASEAN, and thanks the Secretary General for the comprehensive reports on crime prevention and criminal justice, as well as on international drug control. Mr. Chair, the report paints a sobering picture. Criminal networks are growing faster, more complicated, and more connected, exploiting digital technologies to reach across borders. Yet, they also show what cooperation can deliver. Building on this, my delegation wishes to highlight three points. First, ensuring equitable access to justice for all. Justice must be within reach of everyone, not only those with means or influence. Only by ensuring that every individual has their voice heard, societies grow stronger, built on trust, fairness, and collective well-being. In this regard, Indonesia values the collaboration with UNODC in strengthening our framework for the rehabilitation and reintegration of child returnees associated with foreign terrorist fighters. Second, strengthening governance in tackling cyber security and other evolving threats. Crime increasingly operates online, and our legal framework must keep pace. Indonesia demonstrated its strong commitment to securing the digital domain by signing the UN Convention against Cybercrime during last month's High-Level Week. At the regional level, Indonesia works with fellow ASEAN member states to implement the ASEAN Cyber Cooperation Strategy 2026-2030. At home, our new national criminal code entered into force this year, penalizing cybercrimes, including data theft, illegal access, and online fraud. Third, synergize international collaboration in confronting the global drug challenge. The illicit drug trade, particularly in synthetic drugs, continues to expand in our region and beyond. Within ASEAN, we remain committed to the vision of a drug-free ASEAN. Indonesia reaffirms the three international drug control conventions as the cornerstone of our collective effort. Mr. Chair, Indonesia believes that together we can pave a safer, more just, and more prosperous future for all. I thank you.

Thank you, Indonesia. I give the floor to Kuwait, followed by Oman. Kuwait, you have the floor.

Thank you, Mr. Chair. The State of Kuwait affirms that crime prevention and the strengthening of criminal justice require a balanced approach. That approach combines law enforcement, prevention, rehabilitation, and international cooperation, while respecting human rights and the rule of law. Effective justice protects society and upholds human dignity. It also gives those in need of rehabilitation the opportunity to return to society and take part in building it. In this spirit, my country participates in the work of the Working Group on Trafficking in Persons and the Working Group on the Smuggling of Migrants. It stresses the importance of international cooperation in confronting these two crimes and protecting persons from exploitation. Kuwait also continues its technical cooperation with the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime in the areas of training, capacity building, and the development of national frameworks. This cooperation helps make the relevant institutions more efficient and translates international commitments into an effective national response. Mr. Chair, at the national level, the State of Kuwait continues to develop its legislative framework for combating narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances. Decree Law No. 159 of 2025 on Combating Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances and Regulating Their Use and Trade has been issued. Related regulatory decisions concerning health facilities have also been issued. Together, they strengthen control over these substances and regulate their use for medical purposes. My country stresses that addressing the world drug problem requires a comprehensive approach. It must balance countering illicit supply with prevention, treatment, rehabilitation, and social reintegration. Protecting young people and the groups most at risk must be a particular priority. This means raising awareness, ensuring that the family and education and health institutions play complementary roles, and facilitating access to treatment and rehabilitation services. Recovery is not complete with treatment alone. It also requires enabling people to regain their role in society. In conclusion, the State of Kuwait renews its support for joint international action to prevent crime, strengthen criminal justice, and counter the world drug problem. We stress the importance of bringing together legislation, prevention, treatment and international cooperation. The aim of these efforts remain to protect people, uphold their dignity and build a society that enjoys security and stability. I thank you.

I pass the floor to, thank you, Kuwait. I pass the floor to Oman and then I have a delegation which wishes to make a point of order, so, but we'll hear Oman in the first instance, thank you.

Mr. Chair, Excellencies, Distinguished Delegates, Peace be upon you. The delegation of the Sultanate of Oman is pleased to thank the Secretary-General for his report under the item on international drug control. The report stresses the urgent need to strengthen effective, comprehensive, balanced, integrated, multidisciplinary and evidence-based policies and practices. so as to ensure the fulfillment of international commitments to counter drugs. Oman expresses concern at the report's findings that the number of people who abuse drugs worldwide rose by some 28% compared to 2013, reaching 316 million people in 2023. It is also concerned at the continuing expansion of synthetic drug markets and the growing health and security challenges associated with them. Mr. Chair, Oman believes that effective drug prevention and control is a cornerstone of security, stability, and sustainable development. In this context, The Sultanate of Oman continues to develop its legislative and institutional framework and to strengthen the capacity of competent national authorities. It is also expanding cooperation and the exchange of information and expertise at the Gulf, Arab, and international levels. To keep pace with new developments and emerging challenges, the new law on combating narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances was recently issued by Royal Decree No. 67/2026. The law provides an integrated legal framework covering prevention, control, treatment, and deterrence. It strengthens medical and pharmaceutical oversight and treatment and rehabilitation pathways. It also provides mechanisms for financial monitoring and tracing to pursue the proceeds of drug offenses. Oman has also adopted the National Strategy for Combating Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances for 2023-2028. The strategy is an integrated framework for unifying national efforts and measuring performance indicators and actual impact. It rests primarily on two pillars, supply reduction and demand reduction. Oman also attaches particular importance to prevention, especially among young people. It carries out annual awareness plans covering schools, universities, and local communities, and runs media and awareness campaigns and programs. It also trains specialized national personnel in all of Oman's governorates. Mr. Chair, in conclusion, Oman renews its commitment to continue its national effort and strengthen its regional and international partnerships. It will contribute to the collective effort to build safe and stable societies, strengthen the rule of law and justice, and protect individuals, especially young people and future generations, from the dangers of drugs. I think.

Thank you, Oman. Now, I have a delegation which wishes to speak. I think it's on a point of order. Namibia, you have the floor.

Thank you, Mr. Chair. I take the floor to raise concerns on behalf of the African group regarding the manner in which the program of work of this committee is being conducted. Over the past two days, we have been surprised by the approach taken by the Bureau. According to the program of work, it was anticipated that the general discussion would take place following the presentation of the report under each respective agenda item. The approach adopted, therefore, came as a surprise to many delegations. Sending an e-mail only one or three days ahead and expecting delegation to adjust efficiently to changes proposed by the Bureau is, in our view, difficult and places an undue burden on delegations. This is particularly the case given the size of some delegations and the presentations that had already been -- or preparations that had already been made well in advance. It is important to note that some of our experts cover more than one committee, while delegations have different internal arrangements and in some cases specific reasons for choosing to participate in general discussions. Last minute changes to the program of work do not adequately take this practical consideration into account and may significantly affect the ability of delegation to participate as planned. We are therefore concerned that this new practice risks depriving delegations of the opportunity to engage effectively and meaningfully in the work of the Committee. We also wonder what the Bureau intends to do with the time that may be left as a result of this adjustment. We understand that the programme of work was developed taking into account the liquidity situation and that even without the adjustments made over the past two days, the Committee would still be able to conclude its work within the allocated time. Going forward, Mr. Chair, the African Group does not support any further adjustment or changes to the programme of work. As we continue with the consideration of the individual agenda items, we would prefer to proceed in accordance with the programme of work as adopted, and with established practice, which is the general discussions follow the presentation of the report, under each respective agenda item. We believe that maintaining the agreed program of work and established practice will provide delegation with the necessary predictability and adequate time to prepare, participate and engage meaningfully in the deliberations of the committee. On top of that, the group believes that efficiency can only begin through concrete approach to address the workload of this committee by truly implementing the resolution 79/192 of the working methods. Thank you, Mr. Chair.

Look, I thank the representative of Namibia for raising those concerns on behalf of the African group. Obviously, they are very important matters for consideration. I do think there probably has been a misunderstanding concerning the nature of the program, but what I suggest is that it might be useful if you or a designated representative of the group or any members of your group wish to meet with me and the Bureau to highlight where we think there may be a difference. From the Secretariat's perspective and the Bureau's perspective, we're of the view that we are proceeding as indicated, but it's quite clear to me that there's a misunderstanding in that space, and so it's obviously important that we have a detailed conversation about that misunderstanding, and I completely respect your concern if, in fact, that misunderstanding has arisen, regardless of the merits or what we thought we were doing. So can I suggest that perhaps we have a conversation with the Bureau? Anybody who wishes to join that conversation, of course, is very welcome to do so, but I'd suggest that we set a time to do that. and we certainly will explain, or the Bureau will explain, how we understand ourselves to be proceeding, which we believe, I think, to be in accordance with the published program, but it's, I think, obviously very, very important to have a full understanding of your perspective and the Africa Group's perspective, and to make sure that we're on the same page. So, if that's a satisfactory way of proceeding, that's what I would suggest. So that takes us to 1 o'clock. And so I will adjourn the meeting over the lunch period, and the committee will continue its general discussion on agenda items 110, 111 at 3:00 PM. And forthcoming speakers are reflected in the live list, which has been circulated on iGov. Thank you so much.