{"disclaimer":"Transcripts available through this tool are created by using automatic speech recognition and are not official records nor official documents of the United Nations. Official records and official documents are available on the Official Document System of the United Nations.","url":"https://transcripts.un.org/en/ga/c6/80/23","llms":{"note":"Plain-text sibling of this page, compact for LLM context. For the full API guide (search, listing, URL grammar) see /llms.txt.","textUrl":"/en/ga/c6/80/23.txt","guide":"/llms.txt"},"video":{"id":"k17/k17cyqb45a","kaltura_id":"1_7cyqb45a","title":"Sixth Committee, 23rd plenary meeting - General Assembly, 80th session","clean_title":"Sixth Committee, 23rd plenary meeting - General Assembly, 80th session","url":"https://webtv.un.org/en/asset/k17/k17cyqb45a","date":"2025-10-22T00:00:00.000Z","scheduled_time":"2025-10-22T19:00:00.000Z","status":"finished","duration":"03:05:05","category":"General Assembly","body":"Sixth Committee","event_code":null,"event_type":null,"session_number":"23rd plenary meeting","pv_symbol":"A/C.6/80/SR.23","pv_part":1,"slug":"ga/c6/80/23"},"metadata":{"summary":"Legal Committee.","description":"The scope and application of the principle of universal jurisdiction - Item 85 - A/80/274","categories":["Meetings & Events","General Assembly","80th Session","Sixth Committee"],"geographic_subject":[],"subject_topical":["JUSTICE","TRANSITIONAL JUSTICE","INTERNATIONAL LAW","LAW","RULE OF LAW"],"corporate_name":["SIXTH COMMITTEE - LEGAL QUESTIONS"],"speaker_affiliation":[],"related_documents":[{"title":"Sixth Committee website","url":"https://www.un.org/en/ga/sixth/"}]},"transcript":{"transcript_id":"azure-llm-speech-4ba5c851-4aac-47e9-9f1d-4a42182ba8a4","language":"en","data":[{"statement_number":1,"start":6.63,"pageUrl":"/en/ga/c6/80/23?t=7","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Please take your seats, colleagues.","start":6.63,"end":8.03,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Please","start":6.63,"end":6.79},{"text":"take","start":6.79,"end":6.99},{"text":"your","start":6.99,"end":7.11},{"text":"seats,","start":7.11,"end":7.39},{"text":"colleagues.","start":7.39,"end":8.03}]},{"text":"I call to order the 23rd meeting of the Sixth Committee for the 80th session of the General Assembly.","start":9.23,"end":14.27,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":9.23,"end":9.31},{"text":"call","start":9.31,"end":9.55},{"text":"to","start":9.55,"end":9.67},{"text":"order","start":9.67,"end":9.95},{"text":"the","start":9.95,"end":10.03},{"text":"23rd","start":10.03,"end":10.67},{"text":"meeting","start":10.67,"end":10.99},{"text":"of","start":10.99,"end":11.15},{"text":"the","start":11.15,"end":11.23},{"text":"Sixth","start":11.23,"end":11.51},{"text":"Committee","start":11.51,"end":12.03},{"text":"for","start":12.03,"end":12.19},{"text":"the","start":12.19,"end":12.31},{"text":"80th","start":12.31,"end":12.67},{"text":"session","start":12.67,"end":13.07},{"text":"of","start":13.07,"end":13.15},{"text":"the","start":13.15,"end":13.23},{"text":"General","start":13.23,"end":13.55},{"text":"Assembly.","start":13.55,"end":14.27}]},{"text":"And without further ado, we will continue with our debate on item 85, the scope and application of the principle of universal jurisdiction.","start":15.07,"end":23.23,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":15.07,"end":15.55},{"text":"without","start":15.55,"end":15.95},{"text":"further","start":15.95,"end":16.27},{"text":"ado,","start":16.27,"end":16.59},{"text":"we","start":16.59,"end":16.75},{"text":"will","start":16.75,"end":16.91},{"text":"continue","start":16.91,"end":17.43},{"text":"with","start":17.43,"end":17.59},{"text":"our","start":17.59,"end":17.71},{"text":"debate","start":17.71,"end":18.27},{"text":"on","start":18.27,"end":18.75},{"text":"item","start":18.83,"end":19.23},{"text":"85,","start":19.23,"end":19.79},{"text":"the","start":19.79,"end":19.91},{"text":"scope","start":19.91,"end":20.27},{"text":"and","start":20.27,"end":20.39},{"text":"application","start":20.39,"end":20.91},{"text":"of","start":20.91,"end":20.99},{"text":"the","start":20.99,"end":21.11},{"text":"principle","start":21.11,"end":21.71},{"text":"of","start":21.71,"end":21.87},{"text":"universal","start":21.87,"end":22.43},{"text":"jurisdiction.","start":22.43,"end":23.23}]},{"text":"Your attention is drawn once again to the report of the Secretary-General, which is contained in document A/80/274, and that is, as usual, available on the website of the Sixth Committee.","start":23.55,"end":34.91,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Your","start":23.55,"end":23.79},{"text":"attention","start":23.79,"end":24.19},{"text":"is","start":24.19,"end":24.35},{"text":"drawn","start":24.35,"end":24.63},{"text":"once","start":24.63,"end":24.87},{"text":"again","start":24.87,"end":25.11},{"text":"to","start":25.11,"end":25.19},{"text":"the","start":25.19,"end":25.27},{"text":"report","start":25.27,"end":25.71},{"text":"of","start":25.71,"end":25.79},{"text":"the","start":25.79,"end":25.91},{"text":"Secretary-General,","start":25.91,"end":26.99},{"text":"which","start":27.63,"end":27.95},{"text":"is","start":27.95,"end":28.03},{"text":"contained","start":28.03,"end":28.39},{"text":"in","start":28.39,"end":28.47},{"text":"document","start":28.47,"end":29.07},{"text":"A/80/274,","start":29.07,"end":30.99},{"text":"and","start":31.23,"end":31.55},{"text":"that","start":31.55,"end":31.71},{"text":"is,","start":31.71,"end":32.03},{"text":"as","start":32.03,"end":32.19},{"text":"usual,","start":32.19,"end":32.67},{"text":"available","start":32.67,"end":33.19},{"text":"on","start":33.19,"end":33.31},{"text":"the","start":33.31,"end":33.43},{"text":"website","start":33.43,"end":33.91},{"text":"of","start":33.91,"end":34.03},{"text":"the","start":34.03,"end":34.11},{"text":"Sixth","start":34.11,"end":34.39},{"text":"Committee.","start":34.39,"end":34.91}]},{"text":"We will now continue with our debate and the first speaker on my list is the representative of Cameroon speaking on behalf of the African group.","start":35.63,"end":43.95,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":35.63,"end":35.83},{"text":"will","start":35.83,"end":35.95},{"text":"now","start":35.95,"end":36.11},{"text":"continue","start":36.11,"end":36.63},{"text":"with","start":36.63,"end":36.83},{"text":"our","start":36.83,"end":36.99},{"text":"debate","start":36.99,"end":37.67},{"text":"and","start":37.67,"end":37.83},{"text":"the","start":37.83,"end":37.91},{"text":"first","start":37.91,"end":38.43},{"text":"speaker","start":38.43,"end":38.95},{"text":"on","start":38.95,"end":39.07},{"text":"my","start":39.07,"end":39.23},{"text":"list","start":39.23,"end":39.63},{"text":"is","start":39.63,"end":39.79},{"text":"the","start":39.79,"end":39.87},{"text":"representative","start":39.87,"end":40.63},{"text":"of","start":40.63,"end":40.75},{"text":"Cameroon","start":40.75,"end":41.31},{"text":"speaking","start":41.31,"end":41.95},{"text":"on","start":41.95,"end":42.19},{"text":"behalf","start":42.19,"end":42.51},{"text":"of","start":42.51,"end":42.91},{"text":"the","start":42.95,"end":43.03},{"text":"African","start":43.03,"end":43.47},{"text":"group.","start":43.47,"end":43.95}]},{"text":"You have the floor.","start":43.95,"end":44.67,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"You","start":43.95,"end":44.07},{"text":"have","start":44.07,"end":44.19},{"text":"the","start":44.19,"end":44.31},{"text":"floor.","start":44.31,"end":44.67}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"6th Committee","affiliation_full":"6th Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":2,"start":48.11,"pageUrl":"/en/ga/c6/80/23?t=49","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Chair, for giving me the floor.","start":48.11,"end":49.55,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":48.11,"end":48.35},{"text":"you,","start":48.35,"end":48.43},{"text":"Chair,","start":48.43,"end":48.59},{"text":"for","start":48.59,"end":48.75},{"text":"giving","start":48.75,"end":48.99},{"text":"me","start":48.99,"end":49.11},{"text":"the","start":49.11,"end":49.19},{"text":"floor.","start":49.19,"end":49.55}]},{"text":"Chair, I have the honor to deliver a statement on behalf of the African group.","start":49.55,"end":53.11,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Chair,","start":49.55,"end":49.91},{"text":"I","start":49.91,"end":49.95},{"text":"have","start":49.95,"end":50.19},{"text":"the","start":50.19,"end":50.31},{"text":"honor","start":50.31,"end":50.59},{"text":"to","start":50.59,"end":50.83},{"text":"deliver","start":50.83,"end":51.23},{"text":"a","start":51.23,"end":51.27},{"text":"statement","start":51.27,"end":51.83},{"text":"on","start":51.83,"end":51.99},{"text":"behalf","start":51.99,"end":52.27},{"text":"of","start":52.27,"end":52.39},{"text":"the","start":52.39,"end":52.47},{"text":"African","start":52.55,"end":52.91},{"text":"group.","start":52.91,"end":53.11}]},{"text":"The African group expresses its appreciation to the UN Secretary General for this year's report, A/HE/274, on this agenda item as well as the member state who have submitted the information and observation which help in identifying the convergence and gaps in the practice of state for the consideration of the sixth committee.","start":54.03,"end":77.75,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":54.03,"end":54.15},{"text":"African","start":54.15,"end":54.47},{"text":"group","start":54.47,"end":54.63},{"text":"expresses","start":54.67,"end":55.47},{"text":"its","start":55.47,"end":55.79},{"text":"appreciation","start":55.83,"end":56.67},{"text":"to","start":56.67,"end":56.83},{"text":"the","start":56.83,"end":56.91},{"text":"UN","start":56.91,"end":57.39},{"text":"Secretary","start":57.39,"end":57.87},{"text":"General","start":57.87,"end":58.43},{"text":"for","start":59.07,"end":59.19},{"text":"this","start":59.19,"end":59.39},{"text":"year's","start":59.39,"end":59.79},{"text":"report,","start":59.79,"end":60.59},{"text":"A/HE/274,","start":61.15,"end":64.43},{"text":"on","start":65.11,"end":65.27},{"text":"this","start":65.27,"end":65.51},{"text":"agenda","start":65.51,"end":65.91},{"text":"item","start":65.91,"end":66.55},{"text":"as","start":66.55,"end":66.79},{"text":"well","start":66.79,"end":66.95},{"text":"as","start":66.95,"end":67.11},{"text":"the","start":67.11,"end":67.23},{"text":"member","start":67.23,"end":67.67},{"text":"state","start":67.67,"end":68.23},{"text":"who","start":68.23,"end":68.35},{"text":"have","start":68.35,"end":68.55},{"text":"submitted","start":68.55,"end":69.15},{"text":"the","start":69.15,"end":69.23},{"text":"information","start":69.23,"end":69.79},{"text":"and","start":69.79,"end":69.95},{"text":"observation","start":69.95,"end":70.87},{"text":"which","start":71.51,"end":71.75},{"text":"help","start":71.75,"end":72.15},{"text":"in","start":72.23,"end":72.39},{"text":"identifying","start":72.47,"end":73.27},{"text":"the","start":73.27,"end":73.35},{"text":"convergence","start":73.35,"end":74.15},{"text":"and","start":74.15,"end":74.31},{"text":"gaps","start":74.31,"end":74.63},{"text":"in","start":74.63,"end":74.71},{"text":"the","start":74.71,"end":74.79},{"text":"practice","start":74.79,"end":75.23},{"text":"of","start":75.23,"end":75.31},{"text":"state","start":75.31,"end":75.67},{"text":"for","start":75.67,"end":75.83},{"text":"the","start":75.83,"end":75.91},{"text":"consideration","start":75.91,"end":76.63},{"text":"of","start":76.63,"end":76.87},{"text":"the","start":76.87,"end":76.95},{"text":"sixth","start":76.95,"end":77.23},{"text":"committee.","start":77.23,"end":77.75}]},{"text":"In this regard, the African group would like to recall the engagement of the African Union in submitting information and observation on applicable international treaties, national legal rules and judicial practices to the Secretary General.","start":78.55,"end":94.03,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":78.55,"end":78.67},{"text":"this","start":78.67,"end":78.87},{"text":"regard,","start":78.87,"end":79.27},{"text":"the","start":79.27,"end":79.47},{"text":"African","start":79.47,"end":79.75},{"text":"group","start":79.75,"end":79.95},{"text":"would","start":79.95,"end":80.07},{"text":"like","start":80.07,"end":80.35},{"text":"to","start":80.35,"end":80.47},{"text":"recall","start":80.47,"end":81.19},{"text":"the","start":81.35,"end":81.47},{"text":"engagement","start":81.51,"end":82.31},{"text":"of","start":82.31,"end":82.47},{"text":"the","start":82.47,"end":82.59},{"text":"African","start":82.59,"end":83.03},{"text":"Union","start":83.03,"end":83.51},{"text":"in","start":84.23,"end":84.39},{"text":"submitting","start":84.39,"end":85.03},{"text":"information","start":85.03,"end":85.87},{"text":"and","start":85.87,"end":86.07},{"text":"observation","start":86.07,"end":86.87},{"text":"on","start":86.87,"end":87.03},{"text":"applicable","start":87.03,"end":87.67},{"text":"international","start":87.67,"end":88.23},{"text":"treaties,","start":88.23,"end":88.95},{"text":"national","start":89.51,"end":90.03},{"text":"legal","start":90.03,"end":90.31},{"text":"rules","start":90.31,"end":90.79},{"text":"and","start":90.83,"end":91.03},{"text":"judicial","start":91.03,"end":91.51},{"text":"practices","start":91.51,"end":92.23},{"text":"to","start":92.87,"end":93.03},{"text":"the","start":93.03,"end":93.11},{"text":"Secretary","start":93.11,"end":93.59},{"text":"General.","start":93.59,"end":94.03}]},{"text":"The group underscored the importance of the principle of universal jurisdiction as a vital instrument in the fight against impunity for the most serious crimes of international concern.","start":95.11,"end":105.67,"topics":[{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":95.11,"end":95.27},{"text":"group","start":95.27,"end":95.47},{"text":"underscored","start":95.51,"end":96.07},{"text":"the","start":96.07,"end":96.15},{"text":"importance","start":96.15,"end":96.95},{"text":"of","start":96.99,"end":97.19},{"text":"the","start":97.19,"end":97.31},{"text":"principle","start":97.31,"end":97.83},{"text":"of","start":97.83,"end":97.95},{"text":"universal","start":97.95,"end":98.47},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":98.47,"end":99.19},{"text":"as","start":99.87,"end":99.99},{"text":"a","start":99.99,"end":100.07},{"text":"vital","start":100.07,"end":100.51},{"text":"instrument","start":100.55,"end":101.07},{"text":"in","start":101.07,"end":101.19},{"text":"the","start":101.19,"end":101.27},{"text":"fight","start":101.27,"end":101.51},{"text":"against","start":101.51,"end":101.91},{"text":"impunity","start":101.91,"end":102.71},{"text":"for","start":102.95,"end":103.11},{"text":"the","start":103.11,"end":103.19},{"text":"most","start":103.19,"end":103.55},{"text":"serious","start":103.55,"end":103.91},{"text":"crimes","start":103.91,"end":104.27},{"text":"of","start":104.31,"end":104.47},{"text":"international","start":104.47,"end":105.11},{"text":"concern.","start":105.11,"end":105.67}]},{"text":"When applied properly and in line with international law, it can reinforce accountability, uphold justice, and contribute to lasting peace and security.","start":106.31,"end":117.03,"topics":[{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."}],"words":[{"text":"When","start":106.31,"end":106.63},{"text":"applied","start":106.63,"end":107.07},{"text":"properly","start":107.07,"end":107.75},{"text":"and","start":108.23,"end":108.39},{"text":"in","start":108.39,"end":108.55},{"text":"line","start":108.55,"end":108.79},{"text":"with","start":108.79,"end":108.95},{"text":"international","start":108.95,"end":110.03},{"text":"law,","start":110.03,"end":110.11},{"text":"it","start":110.31,"end":110.43},{"text":"can","start":110.43,"end":110.63},{"text":"reinforce","start":110.63,"end":111.19},{"text":"accountability,","start":111.19,"end":112.31},{"text":"uphold","start":112.79,"end":113.35},{"text":"justice,","start":113.35,"end":114.31},{"text":"and","start":114.63,"end":114.83},{"text":"contribute","start":114.83,"end":115.31},{"text":"to","start":115.31,"end":115.43},{"text":"lasting","start":115.43,"end":115.87},{"text":"peace","start":115.87,"end":116.23},{"text":"and","start":116.23,"end":116.39},{"text":"security.","start":116.39,"end":117.03}]},{"text":"At the same time, we remain deeply concerned about instances where the principle has been misused or applied selectively, sometimes driven by political consideration.","start":117.75,"end":128.23,"topics":[{"key":"politicization-and-selective-use","label":"Politicization and Selective Use","description":"A widely shared concern was that universal jurisdiction can be abused for political, discriminatory, or selective purposes. Delegations warned against using domestic courts to target foreign officials or advance geopolitical agendas under the banner of justice."}],"words":[{"text":"At","start":117.75,"end":117.83},{"text":"the","start":117.83,"end":117.91},{"text":"same","start":117.91,"end":118.15},{"text":"time,","start":118.15,"end":118.63},{"text":"we","start":118.87,"end":119.11},{"text":"remain","start":119.11,"end":119.51},{"text":"deeply","start":119.51,"end":119.91},{"text":"concerned","start":119.91,"end":120.35},{"text":"about","start":120.39,"end":120.63},{"text":"instances","start":120.63,"end":121.11},{"text":"where","start":121.11,"end":121.35},{"text":"the","start":121.35,"end":121.43},{"text":"principle","start":121.43,"end":121.91},{"text":"has","start":121.91,"end":122.15},{"text":"been","start":122.15,"end":122.47},{"text":"misused","start":122.71,"end":123.47},{"text":"or","start":123.47,"end":123.67},{"text":"applied","start":123.67,"end":124.07},{"text":"selectively,","start":124.07,"end":124.95},{"text":"sometimes","start":125.43,"end":125.99},{"text":"driven","start":125.99,"end":126.63},{"text":"by","start":126.63,"end":126.79},{"text":"political","start":126.79,"end":127.35},{"text":"consideration.","start":127.35,"end":128.23}]},{"text":"Such practices risks undermining the credibility of universal jurisdiction.","start":129.03,"end":133.59,"topics":[{"key":"politicization-and-selective-use","label":"Politicization and Selective Use","description":"A widely shared concern was that universal jurisdiction can be abused for political, discriminatory, or selective purposes. Delegations warned against using domestic courts to target foreign officials or advance geopolitical agendas under the banner of justice."}],"words":[{"text":"Such","start":129.03,"end":129.35},{"text":"practices","start":129.35,"end":130.07},{"text":"risks","start":130.07,"end":130.55},{"text":"undermining","start":130.71,"end":131.51},{"text":"the","start":131.51,"end":131.59},{"text":"credibility","start":131.59,"end":132.27},{"text":"of","start":132.27,"end":132.39},{"text":"universal","start":132.39,"end":132.95},{"text":"jurisdiction.","start":132.95,"end":133.59}]},{"text":"It will be recalled, as stated in the memorandum annexed to the request for the inclusion of universal jurisdiction on the agenda of the 63rd session of the United Nations General Assembly, that The principle of universal jurisdiction is well established in international law, that the African Union respect this principle, which is enshrined in Article 4H of the Constitutive Act of the African Union, but that it was concerned about the uncertain scope and application of the principle and the abuse of it, particularly in relation to African officials.","start":134.47,"end":171.03,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."},{"key":"politicization-and-selective-use","label":"Politicization and Selective Use","description":"A widely shared concern was that universal jurisdiction can be abused for political, discriminatory, or selective purposes. 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a result of the aforementioned request, this item was included in the agenda of the 64th session of the General Assembly in 2009 at the request of the United Republic of Tanzania on behalf of the African Group and was allocated to the Sixth Committee.","start":171.83,"end":190.67,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"As","start":171.83,"end":171.91},{"text":"a","start":171.91,"end":171.95},{"text":"result","start":171.95,"end":172.43},{"text":"of","start":172.43,"end":172.55},{"text":"the","start":172.55,"end":172.63},{"text":"aforementioned","start":172.63,"end":173.51},{"text":"request,","start":173.51,"end":173.99},{"text":"this","start":174.19,"end":174.43},{"text":"item","start":174.43,"end":175.23},{"text":"was","start":175.23,"end":175.47},{"text":"included","start":175.47,"end":176.19},{"text":"in","start":176.27,"end":176.43},{"text":"the","start":176.43,"end":176.55},{"text":"agenda","start":176.55,"end":177.19},{"text":"of","start":177.19,"end":177.31},{"text":"the","start":177.31,"end":177.39},{"text":"64th","start":177.39,"end":178.31},{"text":"session","start":178.31,"end":178.83},{"text":"of","start":178.83,"end":178.99},{"text":"the","start":178.99,"end":179.11},{"text":"General","start":179.11,"end":179.43},{"text":"Assembly","start":179.43,"end":179.95},{"text":"in","start":180.63,"end":180.75},{"text":"2009","start":180.75,"end":181.71},{"text":"at","start":182.35,"end":182.59},{"text":"the","start":182.59,"end":182.67},{"text":"request","start":182.67,"end":183.11},{"text":"of","start":183.11,"end":183.23},{"text":"the","start":183.23,"end":183.35},{"text":"United","start":183.35,"end":183.71},{"text":"Republic","start":184.51,"end":185.07},{"text":"of","start":185.07,"end":185.23},{"text":"Tanzania","start":185.23,"end":185.91},{"text":"on","start":185.91,"end":186.03},{"text":"behalf","start":186.03,"end":186.43},{"text":"of","start":186.43,"end":186.51},{"text":"the","start":186.51,"end":186.63},{"text":"African","start":186.63,"end":187.15},{"text":"Group","start":187.15,"end":187.35},{"text":"and","start":187.91,"end":188.03},{"text":"was","start":188.03,"end":188.27},{"text":"allocated","start":188.27,"end":188.87},{"text":"to","start":188.87,"end":189.55},{"text":"the","start":189.63,"end":189.83},{"text":"Sixth","start":189.83,"end":190.11},{"text":"Committee.","start":190.11,"end":190.67}]},{"text":"At the 25th meeting on 12 November 2009, 2009, the representative of Rwanda on behalf of the Bureau introduced a draft resolution entitled the scope and application of the principle of universal jurisdiction.","start":191.51,"end":207.55,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"At","start":191.51,"end":191.63},{"text":"the","start":191.63,"end":191.71},{"text":"25th","start":191.71,"end":192.27},{"text":"meeting","start":192.27,"end":192.75},{"text":"on","start":193.15,"end":193.71},{"text":"12","start":193.79,"end":194.19},{"text":"November","start":194.19,"end":194.91},{"text":"2009,","start":195.55,"end":196.27},{"text":"2009,","start":196.39,"end":197.55},{"text":"the","start":197.79,"end":197.95},{"text":"representative","start":197.95,"end":198.67},{"text":"of","start":198.71,"end":198.91},{"text":"Rwanda","start":198.91,"end":199.51},{"text":"on","start":199.51,"end":199.63},{"text":"behalf","start":199.63,"end":200.07},{"text":"of","start":200.07,"end":200.19},{"text":"the","start":200.19,"end":200.27},{"text":"Bureau","start":200.27,"end":200.83},{"text":"introduced","start":200.83,"end":201.63},{"text":"a","start":201.63,"end":201.67},{"text":"draft","start":201.67,"end":201.95},{"text":"resolution","start":201.95,"end":202.59},{"text":"entitled","start":202.59,"end":203.39},{"text":"the","start":203.39,"end":203.47},{"text":"scope","start":203.47,"end":204.03},{"text":"and","start":204.03,"end":204.19},{"text":"application","start":204.19,"end":204.99},{"text":"of","start":205.55,"end":205.67},{"text":"the","start":205.67,"end":205.79},{"text":"principle","start":205.79,"end":206.23},{"text":"of","start":206.23,"end":206.35},{"text":"universal","start":206.35,"end":206.83},{"text":"jurisdiction.","start":206.83,"end":207.55}]},{"text":"Universal jurisdiction has since been a subject of challenging discussion in our committee here.","start":208.99,"end":214.75,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Universal","start":208.99,"end":209.47},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":209.47,"end":210.19},{"text":"has","start":210.19,"end":210.47},{"text":"since","start":210.47,"end":210.83},{"text":"been","start":210.83,"end":211.07},{"text":"a","start":211.07,"end":211.11},{"text":"subject","start":211.11,"end":211.67},{"text":"of","start":211.67,"end":211.79},{"text":"challenging","start":211.79,"end":212.35},{"text":"discussion","start":212.35,"end":212.95},{"text":"in","start":212.95,"end":213.15},{"text":"our","start":213.15,"end":213.31},{"text":"committee","start":213.31,"end":213.79},{"text":"here.","start":214.39,"end":214.75}]},{"text":"Debate on this topic have been long and intense.","start":215.71,"end":218.27,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Debate","start":215.71,"end":216.11},{"text":"on","start":216.11,"end":216.19},{"text":"this","start":216.19,"end":216.35},{"text":"topic","start":216.35,"end":216.71},{"text":"have","start":216.71,"end":216.91},{"text":"been","start":216.91,"end":217.07},{"text":"long","start":217.07,"end":217.39},{"text":"and","start":217.39,"end":217.63},{"text":"intense.","start":217.63,"end":218.27}]},{"text":"However, no significant step have been reached in addressing the misuse and abuse of the universal universality principle, which should be of concern for all member states of the United Nations, including the African member states.","start":218.27,"end":233.83,"topics":[{"key":"politicization-and-selective-use","label":"Politicization and Selective Use","description":"A widely shared concern was that universal jurisdiction can be abused for political, discriminatory, or selective purposes. Delegations warned against using domestic courts to target foreign officials or advance geopolitical agendas under the banner of justice."}],"words":[{"text":"However,","start":218.27,"end":218.99},{"text":"no","start":218.99,"end":219.39},{"text":"significant","start":219.39,"end":220.15},{"text":"step","start":220.15,"end":220.51},{"text":"have","start":220.51,"end":220.67},{"text":"been","start":220.67,"end":220.91},{"text":"reached","start":220.91,"end":221.27},{"text":"in","start":221.27,"end":221.47},{"text":"addressing","start":221.47,"end":222.03},{"text":"the","start":222.03,"end":222.11},{"text":"misuse","start":222.11,"end":222.75},{"text":"and","start":222.75,"end":222.95},{"text":"abuse","start":222.95,"end":223.39},{"text":"of","start":223.39,"end":223.47},{"text":"the","start":223.47,"end":223.59},{"text":"universal","start":223.59,"end":224.43},{"text":"universality","start":224.99,"end":225.95},{"text":"principle,","start":226.11,"end":226.83},{"text":"which","start":227.55,"end":227.91},{"text":"should","start":227.91,"end":228.35},{"text":"be","start":228.35,"end":228.67},{"text":"of","start":228.67,"end":228.91},{"text":"concern","start":228.91,"end":229.47},{"text":"for","start":229.47,"end":229.75},{"text":"all","start":229.75,"end":229.83},{"text":"member","start":229.83,"end":230.11},{"text":"states","start":230.11,"end":230.55},{"text":"of","start":230.55,"end":230.75},{"text":"the","start":230.75,"end":230.83},{"text":"United","start":231.07,"end":231.47},{"text":"Nations,","start":231.47,"end":232.03},{"text":"including","start":232.03,"end":232.67},{"text":"the","start":232.67,"end":232.79},{"text":"African","start":232.79,"end":233.19},{"text":"member","start":233.19,"end":233.47},{"text":"states.","start":233.47,"end":233.83}]},{"text":"The real concern which led to the inscription of the item on the agenda of our committee still remain to be resolved, hence the scope of universal jurisdiction remains uncertain.","start":234.35,"end":245.95,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":234.35,"end":234.51},{"text":"real","start":234.51,"end":234.75},{"text":"concern","start":234.75,"end":235.23},{"text":"which","start":235.23,"end":235.39},{"text":"led","start":235.39,"end":235.67},{"text":"to","start":235.67,"end":235.83},{"text":"the","start":235.83,"end":235.91},{"text":"inscription","start":235.91,"end":236.83},{"text":"of","start":237.23,"end":237.39},{"text":"the","start":237.39,"end":237.51},{"text":"item","start":237.55,"end":238.03},{"text":"on","start":238.03,"end":238.27},{"text":"the","start":238.27,"end":238.39},{"text":"agenda","start":238.39,"end":238.95},{"text":"of","start":238.95,"end":239.07},{"text":"our","start":239.07,"end":239.31},{"text":"committee","start":239.31,"end":239.87},{"text":"still","start":239.87,"end":240.15},{"text":"remain","start":240.15,"end":240.67},{"text":"to","start":240.67,"end":240.75},{"text":"be","start":240.75,"end":240.91},{"text":"resolved,","start":240.91,"end":241.59},{"text":"hence","start":241.71,"end":242.11},{"text":"the","start":242.11,"end":242.31},{"text":"scope","start":242.31,"end":242.75},{"text":"of","start":242.83,"end":243.07},{"text":"universal","start":243.07,"end":243.55},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":243.55,"end":244.27},{"text":"remains","start":244.67,"end":245.31},{"text":"uncertain.","start":245.31,"end":245.95}]},{"text":"We welcome the decision of the General Assembly at its 79th session to establish a working group at its 81st session to continue to undertake a thorough discussion of the scope and application of universal jurisdiction, as well as to consider and comment on the question how the principle of universal jurisdiction is distinct from other related concepts.","start":246.67,"end":270.43,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."},{"key":"distinction-from-other-bases","label":"Distinction From Other Jurisdictional Bases","description":"Several speakers insisted that universal jurisdiction must be clearly distinguished from treaty-based obligations to extradite or prosecute, other forms of extraterritorial jurisdiction, and the jurisdiction of international criminal tribunals. They argued that conflating these concepts creates legal confusion and distorts state 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look forward to a further constructive debate on the question as part of the process for the Sixth Committee to make progress on the topic.","start":270.91,"end":279.55,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":270.91,"end":271.11},{"text":"look","start":271.11,"end":271.31},{"text":"forward","start":271.31,"end":271.83},{"text":"to","start":271.83,"end":272.15},{"text":"a","start":272.15,"end":272.19},{"text":"further","start":272.19,"end":272.59},{"text":"constructive","start":272.59,"end":273.31},{"text":"debate","start":273.31,"end":273.79},{"text":"on","start":273.79,"end":273.95},{"text":"the","start":273.95,"end":274.03},{"text":"question","start":274.03,"end":274.67},{"text":"as","start":274.67,"end":274.83},{"text":"part","start":274.83,"end":275.07},{"text":"of","start":275.07,"end":275.15},{"text":"the","start":275.15,"end":275.31},{"text":"process","start":275.31,"end":275.79},{"text":"for","start":275.79,"end":275.95},{"text":"the","start":275.95,"end":276.03},{"text":"Sixth","start":276.03,"end":276.27},{"text":"Committee","start":276.27,"end":276.83},{"text":"to","start":277.43,"end":277.55},{"text":"make","start":277.55,"end":277.87},{"text":"progress","start":277.87,"end":278.67},{"text":"on","start":278.75,"end":278.91},{"text":"the","start":278.91,"end":279.03},{"text":"topic.","start":279.03,"end":279.55}]},{"text":"The Working Group on Universal Jurisdiction must move forward quickly with his work.","start":280.27,"end":285.03,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":280.27,"end":280.43},{"text":"Working","start":280.43,"end":280.75},{"text":"Group","start":280.75,"end":280.99},{"text":"on","start":280.99,"end":281.15},{"text":"Universal","start":281.15,"end":281.55},{"text":"Jurisdiction","start":281.55,"end":282.11},{"text":"must","start":282.11,"end":282.39},{"text":"move","start":282.39,"end":282.63},{"text":"forward","start":282.63,"end":283.03},{"text":"quickly","start":283.03,"end":283.79},{"text":"with","start":284.07,"end":284.39},{"text":"his","start":284.39,"end":284.63},{"text":"work.","start":284.63,"end":285.03}]},{"text":"There is an urgent need to clarify the contour of the principle of universal jurisdiction, particularly by precisely defining the crimes covered by universal jurisdiction and avoiding an abusive or overly broad interpretation of the principle.","start":285.59,"end":301.63,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."},{"key":"politicization-and-selective-use","label":"Politicization and Selective Use","description":"A widely shared concern was that universal jurisdiction can be abused for political, discriminatory, or selective purposes. Delegations warned against using domestic courts to target foreign officials or advance geopolitical agendas under the banner of justice."}],"words":[{"text":"There","start":285.59,"end":285.83},{"text":"is","start":285.83,"end":286.03},{"text":"an","start":286.03,"end":286.23},{"text":"urgent","start":286.23,"end":286.55},{"text":"need","start":286.55,"end":286.75},{"text":"to","start":286.75,"end":286.83},{"text":"clarify","start":286.83,"end":287.51},{"text":"the","start":287.51,"end":287.59},{"text":"contour","start":287.59,"end":288.39},{"text":"of","start":288.47,"end":288.71},{"text":"the","start":288.71,"end":288.79},{"text":"principle","start":288.79,"end":289.43},{"text":"of","start":289.43,"end":289.63},{"text":"universal","start":289.63,"end":290.07},{"text":"jurisdiction,","start":290.07,"end":290.95},{"text":"particularly","start":291.43,"end":292.07},{"text":"by","start":292.07,"end":292.23},{"text":"precisely","start":292.23,"end":293.11},{"text":"defining","start":293.11,"end":293.75},{"text":"the","start":293.75,"end":293.83},{"text":"crimes","start":293.83,"end":294.31},{"text":"covered","start":294.31,"end":294.67},{"text":"by","start":294.67,"end":294.83},{"text":"universal","start":294.83,"end":295.35},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":295.35,"end":296.07},{"text":"and","start":296.07,"end":296.27},{"text":"avoiding","start":296.27,"end":296.79},{"text":"an","start":296.79,"end":297.03},{"text":"abusive","start":297.03,"end":297.83},{"text":"or","start":298.55,"end":298.99},{"text":"overly","start":298.99,"end":299.43},{"text":"broad","start":299.43,"end":299.83},{"text":"interpretation","start":299.83,"end":300.71},{"text":"of","start":300.71,"end":300.91},{"text":"the","start":300.91,"end":301.03},{"text":"principle.","start":301.03,"end":301.63}]},{"text":"Discussion within the working group must succeed in framing the application of the principle of universal jurisdiction in such a way as to prevent selective or politically motivated prosecution and reduce tension related to accusation of interference in domestic affair.","start":302.47,"end":322.43,"topics":[{"key":"politicization-and-selective-use","label":"Politicization and Selective Use","description":"A widely shared concern was that universal jurisdiction can be abused for political, discriminatory, or selective purposes. Delegations warned against using domestic courts to target foreign officials or advance geopolitical agendas under the banner of justice."},{"key":"sovereignty-and-immunities","label":"Sovereignty and Immunities","description":"Many statements emphasized that the exercise of universal jurisdiction must respect sovereign equality, non-interference, territorial integrity, and the immunities of state officials under international law. Several delegations warned that ignoring these principles would damage interstate relations and the legitimacy of the legal system."}],"words":[{"text":"Discussion","start":302.47,"end":303.11},{"text":"within","start":303.11,"end":303.43},{"text":"the","start":303.43,"end":303.51},{"text":"working","start":303.51,"end":303.99},{"text":"group","start":303.99,"end":304.15},{"text":"must","start":304.15,"end":304.43},{"text":"succeed","start":304.43,"end":305.11},{"text":"in","start":305.67,"end":305.83},{"text":"framing","start":305.83,"end":306.39},{"text":"the","start":306.39,"end":306.51},{"text":"application","start":306.51,"end":307.11},{"text":"of","start":307.11,"end":307.27},{"text":"the","start":307.27,"end":307.35},{"text":"principle","start":307.35,"end":308.07},{"text":"of","start":308.07,"end":308.23},{"text":"universal","start":308.23,"end":308.71},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":308.71,"end":309.51},{"text":"in","start":310.11,"end":310.27},{"text":"such","start":310.27,"end":310.67},{"text":"a","start":310.67,"end":310.71},{"text":"way","start":310.71,"end":311.15},{"text":"as","start":311.15,"end":311.39},{"text":"to","start":311.39,"end":311.55},{"text":"prevent","start":311.55,"end":312.07},{"text":"selective","start":312.07,"end":312.99},{"text":"or","start":313.47,"end":313.71},{"text":"politically","start":313.71,"end":314.67},{"text":"motivated","start":315.31,"end":315.95},{"text":"prosecution","start":315.95,"end":316.99},{"text":"and","start":317.15,"end":317.35},{"text":"reduce","start":317.35,"end":317.71},{"text":"tension","start":317.71,"end":318.27},{"text":"related","start":318.27,"end":318.75},{"text":"to","start":318.75,"end":318.95},{"text":"accusation","start":318.95,"end":319.79},{"text":"of","start":320.11,"end":320.35},{"text":"interference","start":320.43,"end":321.31},{"text":"in","start":321.31,"end":321.51},{"text":"domestic","start":321.51,"end":322.03},{"text":"affair.","start":322.03,"end":322.43}]},{"text":"For the African group, discussion on this important topic must lead to the establishment of procedural safeguard, including respect for subsidiarity, judging only if the state of nationality or territory is unable or unwilling to act, prior consultation with the state concerned, the presence of the accused on the territory.","start":323.23,"end":346.35,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiarity-and-last-resort","label":"Subsidiarity and Last Resort","description":"Numerous speakers argued that universal jurisdiction should be secondary to territorial, nationality-based, or other closer jurisdictional links. In this view, it should be used only when the state with primary jurisdiction is unwilling or unable genuinely to investigate and prosecute."},{"key":"procedural-safeguards","label":"Procedural Safeguards","description":"Many delegations called for procedural limits to ensure fair and disciplined use of universal jurisdiction. Frequently mentioned safeguards included the presence of the accused in the forum state, due process guarantees, prior consultation with concerned states, high-level prosecutorial review, and protection against duplicative proceedings."}],"words":[{"text":"For","start":323.23,"end":323.43},{"text":"the","start":323.43,"end":323.51},{"text":"African","start":323.51,"end":323.95},{"text":"group,","start":323.95,"end":324.19},{"text":"discussion","start":324.83,"end":325.43},{"text":"on","start":325.43,"end":325.63},{"text":"this","start":325.63,"end":325.87},{"text":"important","start":325.87,"end":326.55},{"text":"topic","start":326.59,"end":327.15},{"text":"must","start":327.23,"end":327.55},{"text":"lead","start":327.55,"end":327.71},{"text":"to","start":327.71,"end":327.95},{"text":"the","start":327.95,"end":328.07},{"text":"establishment","start":328.11,"end":328.95},{"text":"of","start":328.95,"end":329.15},{"text":"procedural","start":329.15,"end":329.87},{"text":"safeguard,","start":329.87,"end":330.51},{"text":"including","start":330.59,"end":331.31},{"text":"respect","start":331.87,"end":332.47},{"text":"for","start":332.47,"end":332.59},{"text":"subsidiarity,","start":332.59,"end":333.47},{"text":"judging","start":334.59,"end":335.07},{"text":"only","start":335.23,"end":335.71},{"text":"if","start":335.71,"end":335.95},{"text":"the","start":335.95,"end":336.07},{"text":"state","start":336.07,"end":336.51},{"text":"of","start":336.51,"end":336.67},{"text":"nationality","start":336.67,"end":337.39},{"text":"or","start":337.39,"end":337.63},{"text":"territory","start":337.63,"end":338.27},{"text":"is","start":338.27,"end":338.51},{"text":"unable","start":338.51,"end":339.23},{"text":"or","start":339.23,"end":339.51},{"text":"unwilling","start":339.51,"end":339.95},{"text":"to","start":339.95,"end":340.07},{"text":"act,","start":340.11,"end":340.43},{"text":"prior","start":341.07,"end":341.47},{"text":"consultation","start":341.47,"end":342.19},{"text":"with","start":342.19,"end":342.35},{"text":"the","start":342.35,"end":342.43},{"text":"state","start":342.43,"end":342.67},{"text":"concerned,","start":342.67,"end":343.43},{"text":"the","start":343.79,"end":343.95},{"text":"presence","start":343.95,"end":344.51},{"text":"of","start":344.51,"end":344.59},{"text":"the","start":344.59,"end":344.71},{"text":"accused","start":344.71,"end":345.31},{"text":"on","start":345.31,"end":345.47},{"text":"the","start":345.47,"end":345.55},{"text":"territory.","start":345.55,"end":346.35}]},{"text":"Regarding the outcome of the debate on this issue, the African Group believes that the adoption of a legally binding instrument or at least a declaration of principle governing the exercise of universal jurisdiction is a possibility.","start":347.31,"end":361.71,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"Regarding","start":347.31,"end":347.95},{"text":"the","start":347.95,"end":348.11},{"text":"outcome","start":348.11,"end":348.59},{"text":"of","start":348.59,"end":348.83},{"text":"the","start":348.83,"end":348.91},{"text":"debate","start":348.91,"end":349.31},{"text":"on","start":349.31,"end":349.39},{"text":"this","start":349.39,"end":349.63},{"text":"issue,","start":349.63,"end":350.11},{"text":"the","start":350.27,"end":350.39},{"text":"African","start":350.39,"end":350.75},{"text":"Group","start":350.75,"end":350.95},{"text":"believes","start":350.95,"end":351.39},{"text":"that","start":351.39,"end":351.79},{"text":"the","start":351.87,"end":351.99},{"text":"adoption","start":352.03,"end":352.67},{"text":"of","start":352.67,"end":352.79},{"text":"a","start":352.79,"end":352.83},{"text":"legally","start":352.99,"end":353.47},{"text":"binding","start":353.47,"end":353.95},{"text":"instrument","start":353.95,"end":354.67},{"text":"or","start":354.67,"end":354.91},{"text":"at","start":354.91,"end":355.07},{"text":"least","start":355.07,"end":355.59},{"text":"a","start":355.59,"end":355.63},{"text":"declaration","start":355.63,"end":356.43},{"text":"of","start":356.43,"end":356.59},{"text":"principle","start":356.59,"end":357.15},{"text":"governing","start":357.15,"end":357.79},{"text":"the","start":357.79,"end":357.91},{"text":"exercise","start":357.91,"end":358.67},{"text":"of","start":358.67,"end":358.83},{"text":"universal","start":358.83,"end":359.39},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":359.39,"end":360.11},{"text":"is","start":360.67,"end":360.87},{"text":"a","start":360.87,"end":360.91},{"text":"possibility.","start":360.91,"end":361.71}]},{"text":"For the African group, it is very important to create a common normative basis.","start":362.35,"end":366.55,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"For","start":362.35,"end":362.51},{"text":"the","start":362.51,"end":362.59},{"text":"African","start":362.59,"end":362.95},{"text":"group,","start":362.95,"end":363.19},{"text":"it","start":363.19,"end":363.35},{"text":"is","start":363.35,"end":363.51},{"text":"very","start":363.51,"end":363.79},{"text":"important","start":363.79,"end":364.23},{"text":"to","start":364.23,"end":364.31},{"text":"create","start":364.31,"end":364.67},{"text":"a","start":364.67,"end":364.71},{"text":"common","start":364.71,"end":365.23},{"text":"normative","start":365.23,"end":365.91},{"text":"basis.","start":365.91,"end":366.55}]},{"text":"In light of historical experience also in Africa, particularly the colonial legacy and the past abuse of international law, the African group stressed the need for a more balanced and equitable approach to the current application of the principle of universal jurisdiction.","start":367.03,"end":383.27,"topics":[{"key":"politicization-and-selective-use","label":"Politicization and Selective Use","description":"A widely shared concern was that universal jurisdiction can be abused for political, discriminatory, or selective purposes. Delegations warned against using domestic courts to target foreign officials or advance geopolitical agendas under the banner of justice."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":367.03,"end":367.27},{"text":"light","start":367.27,"end":367.59},{"text":"of","start":367.59,"end":367.75},{"text":"historical","start":367.75,"end":368.35},{"text":"experience","start":368.35,"end":369.03},{"text":"also","start":369.03,"end":369.35},{"text":"in","start":369.35,"end":369.51},{"text":"Africa,","start":369.51,"end":369.99},{"text":"particularly","start":370.63,"end":371.27},{"text":"the","start":371.27,"end":371.39},{"text":"colonial","start":371.39,"end":371.95},{"text":"legacy","start":371.95,"end":372.55},{"text":"and","start":372.55,"end":372.71},{"text":"the","start":372.71,"end":372.79},{"text":"past","start":372.79,"end":373.15},{"text":"abuse","start":373.15,"end":373.67},{"text":"of","start":373.67,"end":373.79},{"text":"international","start":373.79,"end":374.55},{"text":"law,","start":374.63,"end":374.83},{"text":"the","start":375.35,"end":375.47},{"text":"African","start":375.47,"end":375.91},{"text":"group","start":375.91,"end":376.07},{"text":"stressed","start":376.07,"end":376.47},{"text":"the","start":376.47,"end":376.59},{"text":"need","start":376.59,"end":376.91},{"text":"for","start":376.91,"end":377.15},{"text":"a","start":377.15,"end":377.19},{"text":"more","start":377.19,"end":377.47},{"text":"balanced","start":377.47,"end":377.95},{"text":"and","start":377.95,"end":378.11},{"text":"equitable","start":378.11,"end":378.79},{"text":"approach","start":378.79,"end":379.35},{"text":"to","start":379.35,"end":379.43},{"text":"the","start":379.75,"end":379.99},{"text":"current","start":379.99,"end":380.35},{"text":"application","start":380.35,"end":380.95},{"text":"of","start":380.95,"end":381.19},{"text":"the","start":381.19,"end":381.27},{"text":"principle","start":381.27,"end":381.83},{"text":"of","start":381.83,"end":382.07},{"text":"universal","start":382.07,"end":382.55},{"text":"jurisdiction.","start":382.55,"end":383.27}]},{"text":"The group also emphasized the importance of strengthening national capacities in order to establish a robust judicial system capable of prosecuting international crime.","start":383.91,"end":394.15,"topics":[{"key":"cooperation-and-national-capacity","label":"International Cooperation and National Capacity","description":"A recurring topic was the need to strengthen domestic justice systems and expand cooperation through extradition, mutual legal assistance, and judicial coordination. Delegations argued that stronger national capacity and better interstate cooperation are essential both to combat impunity and to reduce overreliance on universal jurisdiction."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":383.91,"end":384.07},{"text":"group","start":384.07,"end":384.31},{"text":"also","start":384.31,"end":384.59},{"text":"emphasized","start":384.59,"end":385.23},{"text":"the","start":385.23,"end":385.31},{"text":"importance","start":385.31,"end":385.99},{"text":"of","start":385.99,"end":386.07},{"text":"strengthening","start":386.07,"end":386.59},{"text":"national","start":386.59,"end":387.03},{"text":"capacities","start":387.03,"end":387.83},{"text":"in","start":388.19,"end":388.43},{"text":"order","start":388.43,"end":388.71},{"text":"to","start":388.71,"end":388.83},{"text":"establish","start":388.83,"end":389.39},{"text":"a","start":389.39,"end":389.43},{"text":"robust","start":389.43,"end":389.95},{"text":"judicial","start":389.95,"end":390.43},{"text":"system","start":390.43,"end":391.07},{"text":"capable","start":391.31,"end":391.79},{"text":"of","start":391.79,"end":392.03},{"text":"prosecuting","start":392.03,"end":392.83},{"text":"international","start":393.23,"end":393.83},{"text":"crime.","start":393.83,"end":394.15}]},{"text":"In conclusion, universal jurisdiction should be exercised in good faith and with due regard to other principles of international law in order to avoid its misuse and abuse.","start":394.91,"end":406.35,"topics":[{"key":"politicization-and-selective-use","label":"Politicization and Selective Use","description":"A widely shared concern was that universal jurisdiction can be abused for political, discriminatory, or selective purposes. Delegations warned against using domestic courts to target foreign officials or advance geopolitical agendas under the banner of justice."},{"key":"sovereignty-and-immunities","label":"Sovereignty and Immunities","description":"Many statements emphasized that the exercise of universal jurisdiction must respect sovereign equality, non-interference, territorial integrity, and the immunities of state officials under international law. Several delegations warned that ignoring these principles would damage interstate relations and the legitimacy of the legal system."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":394.91,"end":395.07},{"text":"conclusion,","start":395.07,"end":395.87},{"text":"universal","start":396.03,"end":396.55},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":396.55,"end":397.15},{"text":"should","start":397.15,"end":397.31},{"text":"be","start":397.31,"end":397.47},{"text":"exercised","start":397.47,"end":398.15},{"text":"in","start":398.15,"end":398.27},{"text":"good","start":398.27,"end":398.51},{"text":"faith","start":398.51,"end":398.79},{"text":"and","start":398.91,"end":399.11},{"text":"with","start":399.11,"end":399.23},{"text":"due","start":399.23,"end":399.71},{"text":"regard","start":399.79,"end":400.23},{"text":"to","start":400.23,"end":400.51},{"text":"other","start":400.51,"end":400.71},{"text":"principles","start":400.71,"end":401.43},{"text":"of","start":401.99,"end":402.11},{"text":"international","start":402.11,"end":403.11},{"text":"law","start":403.11,"end":403.19},{"text":"in","start":403.71,"end":403.95},{"text":"order","start":403.95,"end":404.19},{"text":"to","start":404.19,"end":404.35},{"text":"avoid","start":404.35,"end":404.75},{"text":"its","start":404.75,"end":404.99},{"text":"misuse","start":404.99,"end":405.67},{"text":"and","start":405.67,"end":405.83},{"text":"abuse.","start":405.87,"end":406.35}]},{"text":"In this context, a green norm must be established regarding the scope and application of universal jurisdiction.","start":406.67,"end":413.71,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":406.67,"end":406.83},{"text":"this","start":406.83,"end":407.07},{"text":"context,","start":407.07,"end":407.63},{"text":"a","start":407.87,"end":407.95},{"text":"green","start":407.95,"end":408.31},{"text":"norm","start":408.31,"end":408.59},{"text":"must","start":408.75,"end":409.11},{"text":"be","start":409.11,"end":409.31},{"text":"established","start":409.31,"end":409.95},{"text":"regarding","start":409.95,"end":410.43},{"text":"the","start":410.43,"end":410.55},{"text":"scope","start":410.55,"end":410.99},{"text":"and","start":411.47,"end":411.67},{"text":"application","start":411.71,"end":412.27},{"text":"of","start":412.27,"end":412.43},{"text":"universal","start":412.43,"end":412.99},{"text":"jurisdiction.","start":412.99,"end":413.71}]},{"text":"I thank you.","start":414.03,"end":414.51,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":414.03,"end":414.11},{"text":"thank","start":414.11,"end":414.35},{"text":"you.","start":414.35,"end":414.51}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"CMR","affiliation_full":"Cameroon","group":"Africa Group","function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":3,"start":417.19,"pageUrl":"/en/ga/c6/80/23?t=418","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you.","start":417.19,"end":417.83,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":417.19,"end":417.51},{"text":"you.","start":417.51,"end":417.83}]},{"text":"This was the statement on behalf of the African group.","start":417.83,"end":420.71,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":417.83,"end":418.07},{"text":"was","start":418.07,"end":418.19},{"text":"the","start":418.31,"end":418.43},{"text":"statement","start":418.43,"end":418.99},{"text":"on","start":418.99,"end":419.11},{"text":"behalf","start":419.11,"end":419.55},{"text":"of","start":419.55,"end":419.67},{"text":"the","start":419.67,"end":419.83},{"text":"African","start":419.83,"end":420.27},{"text":"group.","start":420.27,"end":420.71}]},{"text":"Now, before we move to individual statements, I just want to remind members of the committee kindly that there is a time limit of seven minutes for individual statements.","start":420.87,"end":430.55,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Now,","start":420.87,"end":421.19},{"text":"before","start":421.27,"end":421.63},{"text":"we","start":421.63,"end":421.75},{"text":"move","start":421.75,"end":422.15},{"text":"to","start":422.31,"end":422.51},{"text":"individual","start":422.51,"end":423.03},{"text":"statements,","start":423.03,"end":423.59},{"text":"I","start":423.59,"end":423.67},{"text":"just","start":423.67,"end":423.91},{"text":"want","start":423.91,"end":424.11},{"text":"to","start":424.11,"end":424.31},{"text":"remind","start":424.31,"end":424.91},{"text":"members","start":424.91,"end":425.51},{"text":"of","start":425.51,"end":425.59},{"text":"the","start":425.59,"end":425.71},{"text":"committee","start":425.71,"end":426.15},{"text":"kindly","start":426.15,"end":426.51},{"text":"that","start":426.51,"end":426.87},{"text":"there","start":427.03,"end":427.27},{"text":"is","start":427.27,"end":427.39},{"text":"a","start":427.39,"end":427.43},{"text":"time","start":427.43,"end":427.75},{"text":"limit","start":427.75,"end":428.07},{"text":"of","start":428.07,"end":428.19},{"text":"seven","start":428.19,"end":428.55},{"text":"minutes","start":428.55,"end":429.03},{"text":"for","start":429.19,"end":429.43},{"text":"individual","start":429.43,"end":429.87},{"text":"statements.","start":429.87,"end":430.55}]},{"text":"And I am saying in advance that I do have intention to enforce that limit.","start":431.03,"end":435.03,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":431.03,"end":431.23},{"text":"I","start":431.23,"end":431.51},{"text":"am","start":431.51,"end":431.75},{"text":"saying","start":431.75,"end":432.15},{"text":"in","start":432.15,"end":432.23},{"text":"advance","start":432.23,"end":432.59},{"text":"that","start":432.59,"end":432.79},{"text":"I","start":432.79,"end":432.87},{"text":"do","start":432.87,"end":433.03},{"text":"have","start":433.03,"end":433.27},{"text":"intention","start":433.27,"end":433.83},{"text":"to","start":433.83,"end":434.15},{"text":"enforce","start":434.15,"end":434.55},{"text":"that","start":434.55,"end":434.71},{"text":"limit.","start":434.71,"end":435.03}]},{"text":"So please do not upset when that happens.","start":435.03,"end":437.07,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":435.03,"end":435.19},{"text":"please","start":435.19,"end":435.59},{"text":"do","start":435.59,"end":435.83},{"text":"not","start":435.83,"end":435.99},{"text":"upset","start":435.99,"end":436.35},{"text":"when","start":436.35,"end":436.55},{"text":"that","start":436.55,"end":436.71},{"text":"happens.","start":436.71,"end":437.07}]},{"text":"Do not be upset if that happens.","start":437.19,"end":439.35,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Do","start":437.19,"end":437.27},{"text":"not","start":437.27,"end":437.39},{"text":"be","start":437.39,"end":437.55},{"text":"upset","start":437.55,"end":437.99},{"text":"if","start":438.55,"end":438.67},{"text":"that","start":438.71,"end":438.87},{"text":"happens.","start":438.87,"end":439.35}]},{"text":"And I now invite the representative of Israel to deliver his statement.","start":440.55,"end":444.15,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":440.55,"end":440.87},{"text":"I","start":440.87,"end":441.03},{"text":"now","start":441.03,"end":441.27},{"text":"invite","start":441.27,"end":441.71},{"text":"the","start":441.71,"end":441.79},{"text":"representative","start":441.79,"end":442.55},{"text":"of","start":442.55,"end":442.63},{"text":"Israel","start":442.63,"end":443.11},{"text":"to","start":443.11,"end":443.19},{"text":"deliver","start":443.19,"end":443.51},{"text":"his","start":443.51,"end":443.63},{"text":"statement.","start":443.63,"end":444.15}]},{"text":"You have the floor.","start":444.23,"end":444.87,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"You","start":444.23,"end":444.31},{"text":"have","start":444.31,"end":444.43},{"text":"the","start":444.43,"end":444.51},{"text":"floor.","start":444.51,"end":444.87}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"6th Committee","affiliation_full":"6th Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":4,"start":446.03,"pageUrl":"/en/ga/c6/80/23?t=447","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Mr. Chair.","start":446.03,"end":446.91,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":446.03,"end":446.23},{"text":"you,","start":446.23,"end":446.31},{"text":"Mr.","start":446.31,"end":446.55},{"text":"Chair.","start":446.55,"end":446.91}]},{"text":"Israel acknowledges the opportunity to continue to engage in an open discussion on the scope of the application of universal jurisdiction within the framework of the Sixth Committee.","start":447.55,"end":456.03,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"Israel","start":447.55,"end":447.83},{"text":"acknowledges","start":447.83,"end":448.43},{"text":"the","start":448.43,"end":448.55},{"text":"opportunity","start":448.55,"end":449.11},{"text":"to","start":449.11,"end":449.23},{"text":"continue","start":449.23,"end":449.71},{"text":"to","start":449.71,"end":449.83},{"text":"engage","start":449.83,"end":450.35},{"text":"in","start":450.35,"end":450.59},{"text":"an","start":450.59,"end":450.67},{"text":"open","start":450.67,"end":450.87},{"text":"discussion","start":450.87,"end":451.39},{"text":"on","start":451.39,"end":451.47},{"text":"the","start":451.47,"end":451.59},{"text":"scope","start":451.59,"end":451.99},{"text":"of","start":451.99,"end":452.07},{"text":"the","start":452.07,"end":452.15},{"text":"application","start":452.15,"end":452.67},{"text":"of","start":452.67,"end":452.75},{"text":"universal","start":452.75,"end":453.23},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":453.23,"end":454.03},{"text":"within","start":454.11,"end":454.63},{"text":"the","start":454.63,"end":454.75},{"text":"framework","start":454.75,"end":455.15},{"text":"of","start":455.15,"end":455.23},{"text":"the","start":455.23,"end":455.31},{"text":"Sixth","start":455.31,"end":455.59},{"text":"Committee.","start":455.59,"end":456.03}]},{"text":"At the outset, Israel recognizes the efforts undertaken by the Sixth Committee, the Working Group and the Secretary-General to allow Member States to better understand the scope of the principle of universal jurisdiction under domestic and international law, as well as the full range of diverging views of States on this topic.","start":457.03,"end":475.47,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"At","start":457.03,"end":457.19},{"text":"the","start":457.19,"end":457.27},{"text":"outset,","start":457.27,"end":457.79},{"text":"Israel","start":457.87,"end":458.19},{"text":"recognizes","start":458.19,"end":459.07},{"text":"the","start":459.15,"end":459.27},{"text":"efforts","start":459.27,"end":459.67},{"text":"undertaken","start":459.67,"end":460.27},{"text":"by","start":460.27,"end":460.43},{"text":"the","start":460.43,"end":460.51},{"text":"Sixth","start":460.51,"end":460.79},{"text":"Committee,","start":460.79,"end":461.31},{"text":"the","start":461.31,"end":461.43},{"text":"Working","start":461.43,"end":461.79},{"text":"Group","start":461.79,"end":462.11},{"text":"and","start":462.11,"end":462.31},{"text":"the","start":462.31,"end":462.39},{"text":"Secretary-General","start":462.39,"end":463.31},{"text":"to","start":463.31,"end":463.43},{"text":"allow","start":463.43,"end":463.79},{"text":"Member","start":464.19,"end":464.59},{"text":"States","start":464.59,"end":465.03},{"text":"to","start":465.03,"end":465.11},{"text":"better","start":465.15,"end":465.39},{"text":"understand","start":465.39,"end":465.91},{"text":"the","start":465.91,"end":465.99},{"text":"scope","start":465.99,"end":466.47},{"text":"of","start":466.47,"end":466.59},{"text":"the","start":466.59,"end":466.67},{"text":"principle","start":466.67,"end":467.95},{"text":"of","start":467.95,"end":468.03},{"text":"universal","start":468.03,"end":468.51},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":468.51,"end":469.23},{"text":"under","start":469.47,"end":469.71},{"text":"domestic","start":469.71,"end":470.23},{"text":"and","start":470.23,"end":470.39},{"text":"international","start":470.39,"end":471.27},{"text":"law,","start":471.27,"end":471.35},{"text":"as","start":471.47,"end":471.71},{"text":"well","start":471.71,"end":472.03},{"text":"as","start":472.03,"end":472.11},{"text":"the","start":472.11,"end":472.23},{"text":"full","start":472.23,"end":472.51},{"text":"range","start":472.51,"end":472.75},{"text":"of","start":472.75,"end":472.83},{"text":"diverging","start":472.83,"end":473.47},{"text":"views","start":473.47,"end":473.95},{"text":"of","start":473.95,"end":474.11},{"text":"States","start":474.11,"end":474.59},{"text":"on","start":474.67,"end":474.83},{"text":"this","start":474.83,"end":474.99},{"text":"topic.","start":474.99,"end":475.47}]},{"text":"Israel shares the view regarding the importance of combating impunity and ensuring that the perpetrators of the most serious crimes are brought to justice.","start":477.23,"end":484.35,"topics":[{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."}],"words":[{"text":"Israel","start":477.23,"end":477.63},{"text":"shares","start":477.63,"end":478.03},{"text":"the","start":478.03,"end":478.15},{"text":"view","start":478.15,"end":478.35},{"text":"regarding","start":478.35,"end":478.83},{"text":"the","start":478.83,"end":478.95},{"text":"importance","start":478.95,"end":479.39},{"text":"of","start":479.39,"end":479.55},{"text":"combating","start":479.55,"end":479.95},{"text":"impunity","start":479.95,"end":480.51},{"text":"and","start":480.51,"end":480.63},{"text":"ensuring","start":480.63,"end":481.15},{"text":"that","start":481.15,"end":481.27},{"text":"the","start":481.27,"end":481.35},{"text":"perpetrators","start":481.35,"end":481.99},{"text":"of","start":481.99,"end":482.07},{"text":"the","start":482.07,"end":482.15},{"text":"most","start":482.15,"end":482.39},{"text":"serious","start":482.39,"end":482.67},{"text":"crimes","start":482.67,"end":483.15},{"text":"are","start":483.23,"end":483.39},{"text":"brought","start":483.39,"end":483.67},{"text":"to","start":483.67,"end":483.75},{"text":"justice.","start":483.79,"end":484.35}]},{"text":"In line with this longstanding principle position, Israel also shares concerns expressed by many states regarding the potential of abuse or misuse of universal jurisdiction, including its exercise in politically motivated, selective or discriminatory manner.","start":489.15,"end":502.75,"topics":[{"key":"politicization-and-selective-use","label":"Politicization and Selective Use","description":"A widely shared concern was that universal jurisdiction can be abused for political, discriminatory, or selective purposes. Delegations warned against using domestic courts to target foreign officials or advance geopolitical agendas under the banner of justice."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":489.15,"end":489.31},{"text":"line","start":489.31,"end":489.55},{"text":"with","start":489.55,"end":489.75},{"text":"this","start":489.75,"end":489.95},{"text":"longstanding","start":489.95,"end":490.47},{"text":"principle","start":490.47,"end":490.91},{"text":"position,","start":490.91,"end":491.47},{"text":"Israel","start":491.47,"end":491.87},{"text":"also","start":491.87,"end":492.19},{"text":"shares","start":492.27,"end":492.51},{"text":"concerns","start":492.51,"end":493.07},{"text":"expressed","start":493.07,"end":493.55},{"text":"by","start":493.55,"end":493.67},{"text":"many","start":493.67,"end":493.95},{"text":"states","start":493.95,"end":494.27},{"text":"regarding","start":494.27,"end":494.71},{"text":"the","start":494.71,"end":494.79},{"text":"potential","start":494.79,"end":495.35},{"text":"of","start":495.35,"end":495.47},{"text":"abuse","start":495.47,"end":495.95},{"text":"or","start":495.95,"end":496.19},{"text":"misuse","start":496.19,"end":496.75},{"text":"of","start":496.75,"end":496.91},{"text":"universal","start":496.91,"end":497.39},{"text":"jurisdiction,","start":497.39,"end":498.03},{"text":"including","start":498.03,"end":498.51},{"text":"its","start":498.51,"end":498.71},{"text":"exercise","start":498.71,"end":499.39},{"text":"in","start":499.55,"end":499.71},{"text":"politically","start":499.71,"end":500.23},{"text":"motivated,","start":500.23,"end":500.83},{"text":"selective","start":500.83,"end":501.39},{"text":"or","start":501.47,"end":501.59},{"text":"discriminatory","start":501.59,"end":502.31},{"text":"manner.","start":502.31,"end":502.75}]},{"text":"All too often, different actors have taken advantage of domestic legislation attempting to advance political agendas by filing spurious complaints with unsubstantiated allegations of serious crimes.","start":504.63,"end":515.63,"topics":[{"key":"politicization-and-selective-use","label":"Politicization and Selective Use","description":"A widely shared concern was that universal jurisdiction can be abused for political, discriminatory, or selective purposes. Delegations warned against using domestic courts to target foreign officials or advance geopolitical agendas under the banner of justice."}],"words":[{"text":"All","start":504.63,"end":504.79},{"text":"too","start":504.79,"end":504.91},{"text":"often,","start":504.91,"end":505.31},{"text":"different","start":505.31,"end":505.71},{"text":"actors","start":505.71,"end":506.11},{"text":"have","start":506.11,"end":506.35},{"text":"taken","start":506.35,"end":506.63},{"text":"advantage","start":506.63,"end":507.15},{"text":"of","start":507.15,"end":507.23},{"text":"domestic","start":507.23,"end":507.63},{"text":"legislation","start":507.63,"end":508.35},{"text":"attempting","start":508.35,"end":508.83},{"text":"to","start":508.83,"end":508.91},{"text":"advance","start":508.91,"end":509.31},{"text":"political","start":509.31,"end":509.71},{"text":"agendas","start":509.71,"end":510.35},{"text":"by","start":510.35,"end":510.59},{"text":"filing","start":510.59,"end":511.07},{"text":"spurious","start":511.07,"end":511.63},{"text":"complaints","start":511.63,"end":512.27},{"text":"with","start":512.27,"end":512.59},{"text":"unsubstantiated","start":512.59,"end":513.63},{"text":"allegations","start":513.63,"end":514.43},{"text":"of","start":514.55,"end":514.67},{"text":"serious","start":514.67,"end":515.07},{"text":"crimes.","start":515.07,"end":515.63}]},{"text":"Indeed, the pursuit of such complaints may not only undermine the principles of sovereignty, subsidiarity, and international committee, but also erode the legitimacy and credibility of international law, adversely impact diplomatic relation, and undermine international cooperation.","start":516.91,"end":533.87,"topics":[{"key":"sovereignty-and-immunities","label":"Sovereignty and Immunities","description":"Many statements emphasized that the exercise of universal jurisdiction must respect sovereign equality, non-interference, territorial integrity, and the immunities of state officials under international law. Several delegations warned that ignoring these principles would damage interstate relations and the legitimacy of the legal system."},{"key":"subsidiarity-and-last-resort","label":"Subsidiarity and Last Resort","description":"Numerous speakers argued that universal jurisdiction should be secondary to territorial, nationality-based, or other closer jurisdictional links. In this view, it should be used only when the state with primary jurisdiction is unwilling or unable genuinely to investigate and prosecute."},{"key":"cooperation-and-national-capacity","label":"International Cooperation and National Capacity","description":"A recurring topic was the need to strengthen domestic justice systems and expand cooperation through extradition, mutual legal assistance, and judicial coordination. Delegations argued that stronger national capacity and better interstate cooperation are essential both to combat impunity and to reduce overreliance on universal jurisdiction."}],"words":[{"text":"Indeed,","start":516.91,"end":517.47},{"text":"the","start":517.79,"end":517.95},{"text":"pursuit","start":517.95,"end":518.43},{"text":"of","start":518.43,"end":518.51},{"text":"such","start":518.51,"end":518.75},{"text":"complaints","start":518.75,"end":519.31},{"text":"may","start":519.31,"end":519.47},{"text":"not","start":519.47,"end":519.79},{"text":"only","start":519.79,"end":520.19},{"text":"undermine","start":520.23,"end":520.87},{"text":"the","start":520.87,"end":520.99},{"text":"principles","start":520.99,"end":521.55},{"text":"of","start":521.55,"end":521.63},{"text":"sovereignty,","start":521.63,"end":522.27},{"text":"subsidiarity,","start":522.27,"end":523.23},{"text":"and","start":523.23,"end":523.39},{"text":"international","start":523.39,"end":524.43},{"text":"committee,","start":525.07,"end":525.55},{"text":"but","start":525.55,"end":525.71},{"text":"also","start":525.71,"end":526.11},{"text":"erode","start":526.11,"end":526.51},{"text":"the","start":526.51,"end":526.59},{"text":"legitimacy","start":526.59,"end":527.19},{"text":"and","start":527.19,"end":527.31},{"text":"credibility","start":527.31,"end":527.95},{"text":"of","start":527.95,"end":528.03},{"text":"international","start":528.03,"end":528.79},{"text":"law,","start":528.79,"end":528.87},{"text":"adversely","start":529.07,"end":529.63},{"text":"impact","start":529.63,"end":530.11},{"text":"diplomatic","start":530.23,"end":531.31},{"text":"relation,","start":531.31,"end":531.87},{"text":"and","start":531.87,"end":532.03},{"text":"undermine","start":532.07,"end":532.59},{"text":"international","start":532.59,"end":533.07},{"text":"cooperation.","start":533.07,"end":533.87}]},{"text":"Therefore, it is crucial that the exercise of universal jurisdiction be strictly reserved as a mechanism of last resort and that strong measures are incorporated into domestic legislation to safeguard against misuse and politicization.","start":534.87,"end":548.63,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiarity-and-last-resort","label":"Subsidiarity and Last Resort","description":"Numerous speakers argued that universal jurisdiction should be secondary to territorial, nationality-based, or other closer jurisdictional links. In this view, it should be used only when the state with primary jurisdiction is unwilling or unable genuinely to investigate and prosecute."},{"key":"politicization-and-selective-use","label":"Politicization and Selective Use","description":"A widely shared concern was that universal jurisdiction can be abused for political, discriminatory, or selective purposes. Delegations warned against using domestic courts to target foreign officials or advance geopolitical agendas under the banner of justice."},{"key":"procedural-safeguards","label":"Procedural Safeguards","description":"Many delegations called for procedural limits to ensure fair and disciplined use of universal jurisdiction. Frequently mentioned safeguards included the presence of the accused in the forum state, due process guarantees, prior consultation with concerned states, high-level prosecutorial review, and protection against duplicative proceedings."}],"words":[{"text":"Therefore,","start":534.87,"end":535.51},{"text":"it","start":535.51,"end":535.71},{"text":"is","start":535.71,"end":535.87},{"text":"crucial","start":535.87,"end":536.39},{"text":"that","start":536.39,"end":536.59},{"text":"the","start":536.59,"end":536.67},{"text":"exercise","start":536.67,"end":537.19},{"text":"of","start":537.19,"end":537.27},{"text":"universal","start":537.27,"end":537.75},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":537.75,"end":538.31},{"text":"be","start":538.31,"end":538.55},{"text":"strictly","start":538.55,"end":539.03},{"text":"reserved","start":539.19,"end":539.83},{"text":"as","start":539.99,"end":540.15},{"text":"a","start":540.15,"end":540.23},{"text":"mechanism","start":540.23,"end":540.83},{"text":"of","start":540.83,"end":540.91},{"text":"last","start":540.91,"end":541.23},{"text":"resort","start":541.23,"end":541.75},{"text":"and","start":541.91,"end":542.11},{"text":"that","start":542.11,"end":542.23},{"text":"strong","start":542.23,"end":542.55},{"text":"measures","start":542.55,"end":543.11},{"text":"are","start":543.11,"end":543.19},{"text":"incorporated","start":543.19,"end":543.87},{"text":"into","start":543.87,"end":544.07},{"text":"domestic","start":544.07,"end":544.71},{"text":"legislation","start":544.71,"end":545.67},{"text":"to","start":545.83,"end":545.95},{"text":"safeguard","start":545.99,"end":546.55},{"text":"against","start":546.55,"end":546.91},{"text":"misuse","start":546.91,"end":547.43},{"text":"and","start":547.43,"end":547.59},{"text":"politicization.","start":547.59,"end":548.63}]},{"text":"Such safeguards may include that any decision regarding the exercise of universal jurisdiction be made at the preliminary stages of proceeding by the highest ranking officials of the executive of the forum state.","start":549.51,"end":563.91,"topics":[{"key":"procedural-safeguards","label":"Procedural Safeguards","description":"Many delegations called for procedural limits to ensure fair and disciplined use of universal jurisdiction. Frequently mentioned safeguards included the presence of the accused in the forum state, due process guarantees, prior consultation with concerned states, high-level prosecutorial review, and protection against duplicative proceedings."}],"words":[{"text":"Such","start":549.51,"end":549.83},{"text":"safeguards","start":549.83,"end":550.43},{"text":"may","start":550.43,"end":550.55},{"text":"include","start":550.55,"end":551.11},{"text":"that","start":551.27,"end":551.59},{"text":"any","start":551.59,"end":551.79},{"text":"decision","start":551.79,"end":552.31},{"text":"regarding","start":552.31,"end":552.95},{"text":"the","start":552.95,"end":553.07},{"text":"exercise","start":553.07,"end":553.71},{"text":"of","start":553.71,"end":553.83},{"text":"universal","start":553.83,"end":554.67},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":554.71,"end":555.75},{"text":"be","start":555.91,"end":556.11},{"text":"made","start":556.11,"end":556.55},{"text":"at","start":556.71,"end":556.83},{"text":"the","start":556.83,"end":556.91},{"text":"preliminary","start":556.91,"end":557.51},{"text":"stages","start":557.51,"end":558.07},{"text":"of","start":558.07,"end":558.23},{"text":"proceeding","start":558.23,"end":558.79},{"text":"by","start":558.79,"end":559.35},{"text":"the","start":559.35,"end":559.43},{"text":"highest","start":559.51,"end":560.07},{"text":"ranking","start":560.07,"end":560.47},{"text":"officials","start":560.47,"end":561.03},{"text":"of","start":561.19,"end":561.35},{"text":"the","start":561.35,"end":561.47},{"text":"executive","start":561.47,"end":562.23},{"text":"of","start":562.87,"end":563.03},{"text":"the","start":563.03,"end":563.11},{"text":"forum","start":563.11,"end":563.43},{"text":"state.","start":563.43,"end":563.91}]},{"text":"after consulting the state with the closest jurisdictional links and only subject to explicit written waiver of immunity by it.","start":564.79,"end":576.63,"topics":[{"key":"procedural-safeguards","label":"Procedural Safeguards","description":"Many delegations called for procedural limits to ensure fair and disciplined use of universal jurisdiction. Frequently mentioned safeguards included the presence of the accused in the forum state, due process guarantees, prior consultation with concerned states, high-level prosecutorial review, and protection against duplicative proceedings."},{"key":"subsidiarity-and-last-resort","label":"Subsidiarity and Last Resort","description":"Numerous speakers argued that universal jurisdiction should be secondary to territorial, nationality-based, or other closer jurisdictional links. In this view, it should be used only when the state with primary jurisdiction is unwilling or unable genuinely to investigate and prosecute."},{"key":"sovereignty-and-immunities","label":"Sovereignty and Immunities","description":"Many statements emphasized that the exercise of universal jurisdiction must respect sovereign equality, non-interference, territorial integrity, and the immunities of state officials under international law. Several delegations warned that ignoring these principles would damage interstate relations and the legitimacy of the legal system."}],"words":[{"text":"after","start":564.79,"end":565.19},{"text":"consulting","start":565.19,"end":566.15},{"text":"the","start":567.31,"end":567.67},{"text":"state","start":567.67,"end":568.63},{"text":"with","start":568.71,"end":568.99},{"text":"the","start":568.99,"end":569.07},{"text":"closest","start":569.07,"end":569.91},{"text":"jurisdictional","start":569.91,"end":571.15},{"text":"links","start":571.15,"end":571.67},{"text":"and","start":572.43,"end":572.95},{"text":"only","start":573.03,"end":573.51},{"text":"subject","start":573.51,"end":573.95},{"text":"to","start":573.95,"end":574.03},{"text":"explicit","start":574.03,"end":574.63},{"text":"written","start":574.63,"end":574.95},{"text":"waiver","start":574.95,"end":575.47},{"text":"of","start":575.47,"end":575.55},{"text":"immunity","start":575.55,"end":576.15},{"text":"by","start":576.15,"end":576.31},{"text":"it.","start":576.31,"end":576.63}]},{"text":"In this context, it is critical to recall the customary obligation to respect ratione personae and ratione materiae immunities of any state officials acting in their official capacity on behalf of the state.","start":578.31,"end":591.43,"topics":[{"key":"sovereignty-and-immunities","label":"Sovereignty and Immunities","description":"Many statements emphasized that the exercise of universal jurisdiction must respect sovereign equality, non-interference, territorial integrity, and the immunities of state officials under international law. Several delegations warned that ignoring these principles would damage interstate relations and the legitimacy of the legal system."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":578.31,"end":578.47},{"text":"this","start":578.47,"end":578.63},{"text":"context,","start":578.63,"end":579.23},{"text":"it","start":579.23,"end":579.35},{"text":"is","start":579.35,"end":579.51},{"text":"critical","start":579.51,"end":580.07},{"text":"to","start":580.07,"end":580.19},{"text":"recall","start":580.19,"end":580.79},{"text":"the","start":580.95,"end":581.07},{"text":"customary","start":581.07,"end":581.59},{"text":"obligation","start":581.59,"end":583.35},{"text":"to","start":583.35,"end":583.43},{"text":"respect","start":583.43,"end":583.83},{"text":"ratione","start":583.83,"end":584.47},{"text":"personae","start":584.47,"end":585.11},{"text":"and","start":585.11,"end":585.27},{"text":"ratione","start":585.27,"end":585.59},{"text":"materiae","start":585.59,"end":585.99},{"text":"immunities","start":585.99,"end":586.63},{"text":"of","start":587.11,"end":587.35},{"text":"any","start":587.35,"end":587.59},{"text":"state","start":587.59,"end":587.99},{"text":"officials","start":588.07,"end":588.71},{"text":"acting","start":588.71,"end":589.03},{"text":"in","start":589.03,"end":589.11},{"text":"their","start":589.11,"end":589.27},{"text":"official","start":589.27,"end":589.67},{"text":"capacity","start":589.67,"end":590.19},{"text":"on","start":590.19,"end":590.31},{"text":"behalf","start":590.31,"end":590.71},{"text":"of","start":590.71,"end":590.79},{"text":"the","start":590.79,"end":590.91},{"text":"state.","start":590.91,"end":591.43}]},{"text":"Improper exercise of universal jurisdiction carries with it the risk of violating the principle of immunity under international customary law, as well as the sovereign equality of states and threaten the conduct of international relations and the stability of global affairs.","start":592.47,"end":606.87,"topics":[{"key":"sovereignty-and-immunities","label":"Sovereignty and Immunities","description":"Many statements emphasized that the exercise of universal jurisdiction must respect sovereign equality, non-interference, territorial integrity, and the immunities of state officials under international law. Several delegations warned that ignoring these principles would damage interstate relations and the legitimacy of the legal system."}],"words":[{"text":"Improper","start":592.47,"end":592.91},{"text":"exercise","start":592.91,"end":593.55},{"text":"of","start":593.55,"end":593.67},{"text":"universal","start":593.67,"end":594.15},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":594.15,"end":594.79},{"text":"carries","start":594.79,"end":595.27},{"text":"with","start":595.35,"end":595.67},{"text":"it","start":595.67,"end":595.83},{"text":"the","start":595.83,"end":595.91},{"text":"risk","start":595.91,"end":596.31},{"text":"of","start":596.31,"end":596.51},{"text":"violating","start":596.51,"end":596.95},{"text":"the","start":596.95,"end":597.03},{"text":"principle","start":597.03,"end":597.47},{"text":"of","start":597.47,"end":597.55},{"text":"immunity","start":597.55,"end":598.15},{"text":"under","start":598.15,"end":598.35},{"text":"international","start":598.35,"end":598.83},{"text":"customary","start":598.83,"end":599.35},{"text":"law,","start":599.35,"end":599.67},{"text":"as","start":599.75,"end":600.07},{"text":"well","start":600.07,"end":600.31},{"text":"as","start":600.31,"end":600.47},{"text":"the","start":600.47,"end":600.59},{"text":"sovereign","start":600.59,"end":600.99},{"text":"equality","start":600.99,"end":601.39},{"text":"of","start":601.39,"end":601.51},{"text":"states","start":601.51,"end":601.99},{"text":"and","start":602.15,"end":602.39},{"text":"threaten","start":602.39,"end":602.79},{"text":"the","start":602.79,"end":602.87},{"text":"conduct","start":602.87,"end":603.43},{"text":"of","start":603.43,"end":603.55},{"text":"international","start":603.55,"end":604.15},{"text":"relations","start":604.15,"end":604.79},{"text":"and","start":604.79,"end":604.91},{"text":"the","start":604.91,"end":604.99},{"text":"stability","start":604.99,"end":605.59},{"text":"of","start":605.83,"end":606.07},{"text":"global","start":606.07,"end":606.39},{"text":"affairs.","start":606.39,"end":606.87}]},{"text":"Mr. Chair, as noted by Israel previously and as remain evident by the recent Secretary General's report, there continue to be divergent views within the international community on key issues regarding the scope of universal jurisdiction, such as its definition, legal status, and conditions for applications.","start":608.31,"end":625.59,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":608.31,"end":608.63},{"text":"Chair,","start":608.63,"end":608.95},{"text":"as","start":609.11,"end":609.35},{"text":"noted","start":609.35,"end":609.59},{"text":"by","start":609.59,"end":609.75},{"text":"Israel","start":609.75,"end":610.15},{"text":"previously","start":610.15,"end":610.79},{"text":"and","start":610.79,"end":610.95},{"text":"as","start":610.95,"end":611.11},{"text":"remain","start":611.11,"end":611.51},{"text":"evident","start":611.51,"end":611.99},{"text":"by","start":611.99,"end":612.11},{"text":"the","start":612.11,"end":612.19},{"text":"recent","start":612.19,"end":612.51},{"text":"Secretary","start":612.51,"end":612.87},{"text":"General's","start":612.87,"end":613.39},{"text":"report,","start":613.39,"end":613.71},{"text":"there","start":614.07,"end":614.23},{"text":"continue","start":614.23,"end":614.79},{"text":"to","start":614.79,"end":614.95},{"text":"be","start":614.95,"end":615.11},{"text":"divergent","start":615.11,"end":615.67},{"text":"views","start":615.67,"end":616.07},{"text":"within","start":616.23,"end":616.75},{"text":"the","start":616.75,"end":616.83},{"text":"international","start":616.83,"end":617.35},{"text":"community","start":617.35,"end":618.07},{"text":"on","start":618.23,"end":618.47},{"text":"key","start":618.47,"end":618.75},{"text":"issues","start":618.75,"end":619.11},{"text":"regarding","start":619.11,"end":619.51},{"text":"the","start":619.51,"end":619.63},{"text":"scope","start":619.63,"end":619.99},{"text":"of","start":619.99,"end":620.07},{"text":"universal","start":620.07,"end":620.55},{"text":"jurisdiction,","start":620.55,"end":621.19},{"text":"such","start":621.35,"end":621.75},{"text":"as","start":621.75,"end":621.99},{"text":"its","start":621.99,"end":622.15},{"text":"definition,","start":622.15,"end":622.95},{"text":"legal","start":622.95,"end":623.27},{"text":"status,","start":623.27,"end":623.83},{"text":"and","start":623.83,"end":623.99},{"text":"conditions","start":623.99,"end":624.63},{"text":"for","start":624.63,"end":624.83},{"text":"applications.","start":624.83,"end":625.59}]},{"text":"The identification of sufficient relevant state practice on the assertion of universal jurisdiction continues to present a significant methodological challenge.","start":626.23,"end":635.19,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":626.23,"end":626.39},{"text":"identification","start":626.39,"end":627.19},{"text":"of","start":627.19,"end":627.27},{"text":"sufficient","start":627.27,"end":627.71},{"text":"relevant","start":627.71,"end":628.07},{"text":"state","start":628.07,"end":628.39},{"text":"practice","start":628.39,"end":628.95},{"text":"on","start":628.95,"end":629.07},{"text":"the","start":629.07,"end":629.15},{"text":"assertion","start":629.15,"end":629.75},{"text":"of","start":629.75,"end":629.83},{"text":"universal","start":629.83,"end":630.27},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":630.27,"end":630.95},{"text":"continues","start":631.19,"end":631.75},{"text":"to","start":631.75,"end":631.83},{"text":"present","start":631.83,"end":632.19},{"text":"a","start":632.19,"end":632.23},{"text":"significant","start":632.23,"end":633.83},{"text":"methodological","start":633.83,"end":634.71},{"text":"challenge.","start":634.71,"end":635.19}]},{"text":"Particularly, lack of publicly available data regarding state practice results in a misleading and distorted picture in this regard.","start":635.95,"end":643.55,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"Particularly,","start":635.95,"end":636.75},{"text":"lack","start":636.91,"end":637.23},{"text":"of","start":637.23,"end":637.39},{"text":"publicly","start":637.39,"end":637.91},{"text":"available","start":637.91,"end":638.43},{"text":"data","start":638.43,"end":638.91},{"text":"regarding","start":638.99,"end":639.47},{"text":"state","start":639.47,"end":639.75},{"text":"practice","start":639.75,"end":640.27},{"text":"results","start":640.43,"end":640.91},{"text":"in","start":640.91,"end":641.07},{"text":"a","start":641.07,"end":641.11},{"text":"misleading","start":641.11,"end":641.71},{"text":"and","start":641.71,"end":641.83},{"text":"distorted","start":641.83,"end":642.27},{"text":"picture","start":642.27,"end":642.75},{"text":"in","start":642.75,"end":642.87},{"text":"this","start":642.87,"end":643.07},{"text":"regard.","start":643.07,"end":643.55}]},{"text":"Especially, the range of legal grounds on which national prosecutor decided to refrain from initiating, admitting or prosecuting a complaint under the principle of universal jurisdiction generally remain publicly unavailable.","start":644.91,"end":657.55,"topics":[{"key":"procedural-safeguards","label":"Procedural Safeguards","description":"Many delegations called for procedural limits to ensure fair and disciplined use of universal jurisdiction. Frequently mentioned safeguards included the presence of the accused in the forum state, due process guarantees, prior consultation with concerned states, high-level prosecutorial review, and protection against duplicative proceedings."},{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"Especially,","start":644.91,"end":645.71},{"text":"the","start":645.79,"end":645.91},{"text":"range","start":645.91,"end":646.23},{"text":"of","start":646.23,"end":646.35},{"text":"legal","start":646.35,"end":646.59},{"text":"grounds","start":646.59,"end":647.07},{"text":"on","start":647.15,"end":647.27},{"text":"which","start":647.27,"end":647.55},{"text":"national","start":647.55,"end":647.95},{"text":"prosecutor","start":647.95,"end":648.59},{"text":"decided","start":648.59,"end":649.03},{"text":"to","start":649.03,"end":649.11},{"text":"refrain","start":649.11,"end":649.55},{"text":"from","start":649.55,"end":649.71},{"text":"initiating,","start":649.71,"end":650.35},{"text":"admitting","start":650.35,"end":650.91},{"text":"or","start":650.91,"end":651.07},{"text":"prosecuting","start":651.07,"end":651.71},{"text":"a","start":651.71,"end":651.75},{"text":"complaint","start":651.75,"end":652.35},{"text":"under","start":652.55,"end":652.79},{"text":"the","start":652.79,"end":652.87},{"text":"principle","start":652.87,"end":653.47},{"text":"of","start":653.47,"end":653.63},{"text":"universal","start":653.63,"end":654.43},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":654.43,"end":655.15},{"text":"generally","start":655.31,"end":655.87},{"text":"remain","start":655.87,"end":656.19},{"text":"publicly","start":656.19,"end":656.75},{"text":"unavailable.","start":656.75,"end":657.55}]},{"text":"Indeed, it is seldom made part of the public record whether a complaint is unfounded, unlikely to succeed on merits, or the subject of complaint enjoys immunity under customary international law.","start":658.31,"end":669.51,"topics":[{"key":"procedural-safeguards","label":"Procedural Safeguards","description":"Many delegations called for procedural limits to ensure fair and disciplined use of universal jurisdiction. Frequently mentioned safeguards included the presence of the accused in the forum state, due process guarantees, prior consultation with concerned states, high-level prosecutorial review, and protection against duplicative proceedings."},{"key":"sovereignty-and-immunities","label":"Sovereignty and Immunities","description":"Many statements emphasized that the exercise of universal jurisdiction must respect sovereign equality, non-interference, territorial integrity, and the immunities of state officials under international law. Several delegations warned that ignoring these principles would damage interstate relations and the legitimacy of the legal system."}],"words":[{"text":"Indeed,","start":658.31,"end":658.71},{"text":"it","start":658.87,"end":659.03},{"text":"is","start":659.03,"end":659.19},{"text":"seldom","start":659.19,"end":659.55},{"text":"made","start":659.55,"end":659.91},{"text":"part","start":660.15,"end":660.43},{"text":"of","start":660.43,"end":660.55},{"text":"the","start":660.55,"end":660.63},{"text":"public","start":660.63,"end":661.03},{"text":"record","start":661.03,"end":661.39},{"text":"whether","start":661.39,"end":661.71},{"text":"a","start":661.71,"end":661.75},{"text":"complaint","start":661.75,"end":662.31},{"text":"is","start":662.31,"end":662.47},{"text":"unfounded,","start":662.51,"end":663.83},{"text":"unlikely","start":663.91,"end":664.39},{"text":"to","start":664.39,"end":664.51},{"text":"succeed","start":664.51,"end":664.91},{"text":"on","start":664.91,"end":665.03},{"text":"merits,","start":665.03,"end":665.43},{"text":"or","start":665.51,"end":665.91},{"text":"the","start":666.07,"end":666.23},{"text":"subject","start":666.23,"end":666.71},{"text":"of","start":666.71,"end":666.87},{"text":"complaint","start":666.87,"end":667.31},{"text":"enjoys","start":667.31,"end":667.71},{"text":"immunity","start":667.71,"end":668.19},{"text":"under","start":668.19,"end":668.39},{"text":"customary","start":668.39,"end":668.83},{"text":"international","start":668.83,"end":669.43},{"text":"law.","start":669.43,"end":669.51}]},{"text":"Significant differences reflected in the scarce state practice and opinio juris and lack of available material data regarding state practice clearly highlights that it is both premature and inappropriate as a matter of law to consider rules and standards for universal jurisdiction.","start":671.15,"end":688.19,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"Significant","start":671.15,"end":671.83},{"text":"differences","start":671.83,"end":672.75},{"text":"reflected","start":672.75,"end":673.87},{"text":"in","start":673.87,"end":674.11},{"text":"the","start":674.11,"end":674.23},{"text":"scarce","start":674.23,"end":674.75},{"text":"state","start":674.83,"end":675.23},{"text":"practice","start":675.23,"end":675.71},{"text":"and","start":675.71,"end":675.87},{"text":"opinio","start":675.87,"end":676.23},{"text":"juris","start":676.23,"end":676.67},{"text":"and","start":676.83,"end":677.03},{"text":"lack","start":677.03,"end":677.23},{"text":"of","start":677.23,"end":677.39},{"text":"available","start":677.39,"end":677.95},{"text":"material","start":677.95,"end":678.43},{"text":"data","start":678.43,"end":678.83},{"text":"regarding","start":678.83,"end":679.27},{"text":"state","start":679.27,"end":679.55},{"text":"practice","start":679.55,"end":680.03},{"text":"clearly","start":680.19,"end":680.67},{"text":"highlights","start":680.67,"end":681.31},{"text":"that","start":681.39,"end":681.71},{"text":"it","start":681.71,"end":681.95},{"text":"is","start":681.95,"end":682.27},{"text":"both","start":682.27,"end":682.59},{"text":"premature","start":682.59,"end":683.23},{"text":"and","start":683.23,"end":683.39},{"text":"inappropriate","start":683.39,"end":684.11},{"text":"as","start":684.11,"end":684.31},{"text":"a","start":684.31,"end":684.35},{"text":"matter","start":684.35,"end":684.63},{"text":"of","start":684.63,"end":684.75},{"text":"law","start":684.75,"end":684.95},{"text":"to","start":684.95,"end":685.15},{"text":"consider","start":685.27,"end":685.91},{"text":"rules","start":685.91,"end":686.27},{"text":"and","start":686.27,"end":686.43},{"text":"standards","start":686.43,"end":686.91},{"text":"for","start":686.91,"end":687.07},{"text":"universal","start":687.07,"end":687.51},{"text":"jurisdiction.","start":687.51,"end":688.19}]},{"text":"Moreover, treaty obligation to extradite or prosecute are not in and of themselves to be understood as reflecting universal jurisdiction, nor should they be referenced as an evidence reflecting state practice in this regard.","start":688.71,"end":703.99,"topics":[{"key":"distinction-from-other-bases","label":"Distinction From Other Jurisdictional Bases","description":"Several speakers insisted that universal jurisdiction must be clearly distinguished from treaty-based obligations to extradite or prosecute, other forms of extraterritorial jurisdiction, and the jurisdiction of international criminal tribunals. They argued that conflating these concepts creates legal confusion and distorts state practice."}],"words":[{"text":"Moreover,","start":688.71,"end":689.27},{"text":"treaty","start":689.43,"end":689.75},{"text":"obligation","start":689.75,"end":690.31},{"text":"to","start":690.31,"end":690.39},{"text":"extradite","start":690.39,"end":691.03},{"text":"or","start":691.27,"end":691.51},{"text":"prosecute","start":691.51,"end":692.87},{"text":"are","start":693.23,"end":693.51},{"text":"not","start":693.67,"end":694.31},{"text":"in","start":694.39,"end":694.95},{"text":"and","start":695.27,"end":695.75},{"text":"of","start":695.75,"end":695.99},{"text":"themselves","start":695.99,"end":696.47},{"text":"to","start":696.47,"end":696.63},{"text":"be","start":696.63,"end":696.79},{"text":"understood","start":696.79,"end":697.35},{"text":"as","start":697.51,"end":697.75},{"text":"reflecting","start":697.75,"end":698.27},{"text":"universal","start":698.27,"end":698.75},{"text":"jurisdiction,","start":698.75,"end":699.43},{"text":"nor","start":699.59,"end":699.91},{"text":"should","start":699.91,"end":700.11},{"text":"they","start":700.11,"end":700.23},{"text":"be","start":700.23,"end":700.39},{"text":"referenced","start":700.47,"end":701.31},{"text":"as","start":701.31,"end":701.43},{"text":"an","start":701.43,"end":701.51},{"text":"evidence","start":701.51,"end":701.95},{"text":"reflecting","start":701.95,"end":702.43},{"text":"state","start":702.43,"end":702.63},{"text":"practice","start":702.63,"end":703.11},{"text":"in","start":703.11,"end":703.27},{"text":"this","start":703.27,"end":703.51},{"text":"regard.","start":703.51,"end":703.99}]},{"text":"These two concepts are and should remain legally distinct.","start":705.11,"end":709.67,"topics":[{"key":"distinction-from-other-bases","label":"Distinction From Other Jurisdictional Bases","description":"Several speakers insisted that universal jurisdiction must be clearly distinguished from treaty-based obligations to extradite or prosecute, other forms of extraterritorial jurisdiction, and the jurisdiction of international criminal tribunals. They argued that conflating these concepts creates legal confusion and distorts state practice."}],"words":[{"text":"These","start":705.11,"end":705.35},{"text":"two","start":705.35,"end":705.51},{"text":"concepts","start":705.51,"end":706.03},{"text":"are","start":706.07,"end":706.39},{"text":"and","start":706.55,"end":706.71},{"text":"should","start":706.71,"end":707.11},{"text":"remain","start":707.11,"end":707.51},{"text":"legally","start":707.51,"end":708.87},{"text":"distinct.","start":708.95,"end":709.67}]},{"text":"Mr. Chair, in order to prevent abuse, it is essential that the principle of universal jurisdiction remains a mechanism of last resort applied in accordance with other principles of international law, such as the principles of sovereign equality of states, subsidiarity and territorial integrity, as well as immunity under international customary law.","start":710.71,"end":727.83,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiarity-and-last-resort","label":"Subsidiarity and Last Resort","description":"Numerous speakers argued that universal jurisdiction should be secondary to territorial, nationality-based, or other closer jurisdictional links. In this view, it should be used only when the state with primary jurisdiction is unwilling or unable genuinely to investigate and prosecute."},{"key":"sovereignty-and-immunities","label":"Sovereignty and Immunities","description":"Many statements emphasized that the exercise of universal jurisdiction must respect sovereign equality, non-interference, territorial integrity, and the immunities of state officials under international law. Several delegations warned that ignoring these principles would damage interstate relations and the legitimacy of the legal system."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":710.71,"end":711.03},{"text":"Chair,","start":711.03,"end":711.43},{"text":"in","start":711.51,"end":711.67},{"text":"order","start":711.67,"end":711.91},{"text":"to","start":711.91,"end":711.99},{"text":"prevent","start":711.99,"end":712.35},{"text":"abuse,","start":712.35,"end":712.87},{"text":"it","start":712.87,"end":713.03},{"text":"is","start":713.03,"end":713.11},{"text":"essential","start":713.11,"end":713.67},{"text":"that","start":713.67,"end":713.79},{"text":"the","start":713.79,"end":713.87},{"text":"principle","start":713.87,"end":714.35},{"text":"of","start":714.35,"end":714.43},{"text":"universal","start":714.43,"end":714.87},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":714.87,"end":715.43},{"text":"remains","start":715.43,"end":715.83},{"text":"a","start":715.83,"end":715.91},{"text":"mechanism","start":715.91,"end":716.43},{"text":"of","start":716.43,"end":716.55},{"text":"last","start":716.55,"end":716.79},{"text":"resort","start":716.79,"end":717.15},{"text":"applied","start":717.15,"end":717.43},{"text":"in","start":717.43,"end":717.51},{"text":"accordance","start":717.51,"end":717.91},{"text":"with","start":717.91,"end":718.15},{"text":"other","start":718.15,"end":718.35},{"text":"principles","start":718.35,"end":718.79},{"text":"of","start":718.79,"end":718.87},{"text":"international","start":718.87,"end":719.55},{"text":"law,","start":719.55,"end":719.63},{"text":"such","start":719.83,"end":720.23},{"text":"as","start":720.23,"end":720.35},{"text":"the","start":720.35,"end":720.47},{"text":"principles","start":720.47,"end":720.95},{"text":"of","start":720.95,"end":721.03},{"text":"sovereign","start":721.03,"end":721.43},{"text":"equality","start":721.43,"end":721.91},{"text":"of","start":721.91,"end":721.99},{"text":"states,","start":721.99,"end":722.47},{"text":"subsidiarity","start":722.63,"end":723.63},{"text":"and","start":723.63,"end":723.87},{"text":"territorial","start":723.87,"end":724.43},{"text":"integrity,","start":724.43,"end":725.03},{"text":"as","start":725.03,"end":725.27},{"text":"well","start":725.27,"end":725.43},{"text":"as","start":725.43,"end":725.51},{"text":"immunity","start":725.51,"end":726.23},{"text":"under","start":726.39,"end":726.59},{"text":"international","start":726.59,"end":727.11},{"text":"customary","start":727.11,"end":727.59},{"text":"law.","start":727.59,"end":727.83}]},{"text":"Given the lack of state practice and divergence of views, further study of state practice is indeed necessary and critical to understanding whether and how further rules could or should be implemented.","start":728.67,"end":739.11,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"Given","start":728.67,"end":728.95},{"text":"the","start":728.95,"end":729.03},{"text":"lack","start":729.03,"end":729.31},{"text":"of","start":729.31,"end":729.43},{"text":"state","start":729.43,"end":729.75},{"text":"practice","start":729.75,"end":730.23},{"text":"and","start":730.23,"end":730.43},{"text":"divergence","start":730.43,"end":730.91},{"text":"of","start":730.91,"end":730.99},{"text":"views,","start":730.99,"end":731.35},{"text":"further","start":731.35,"end":731.67},{"text":"study","start":731.67,"end":732.03},{"text":"of","start":732.03,"end":732.15},{"text":"state","start":732.15,"end":732.47},{"text":"practice","start":732.47,"end":732.95},{"text":"is","start":732.95,"end":733.11},{"text":"indeed","start":733.11,"end":733.51},{"text":"necessary","start":733.51,"end":734.07},{"text":"and","start":734.07,"end":734.19},{"text":"critical","start":734.19,"end":734.59},{"text":"to","start":734.59,"end":734.67},{"text":"understanding","start":734.67,"end":735.35},{"text":"whether","start":735.43,"end":735.91},{"text":"and","start":735.91,"end":736.07},{"text":"how","start":736.07,"end":736.31},{"text":"further","start":736.31,"end":736.83},{"text":"rules","start":736.83,"end":737.11},{"text":"could","start":737.35,"end":737.67},{"text":"or","start":737.67,"end":737.91},{"text":"should","start":737.91,"end":738.23},{"text":"be","start":738.23,"end":738.39},{"text":"implemented.","start":738.39,"end":739.11}]},{"text":"Accordingly, the utmost restraint is and should be exercised before resorting to universal jurisdiction.","start":739.27,"end":746.47,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiarity-and-last-resort","label":"Subsidiarity and Last Resort","description":"Numerous speakers argued that universal jurisdiction should be secondary to territorial, nationality-based, or other closer jurisdictional links. In this view, it should be used only when the state with primary jurisdiction is unwilling or unable genuinely to investigate and prosecute."}],"words":[{"text":"Accordingly,","start":739.27,"end":739.99},{"text":"the","start":740.07,"end":740.27},{"text":"utmost","start":740.27,"end":740.59},{"text":"restraint","start":740.59,"end":741.19},{"text":"is","start":741.59,"end":742.23},{"text":"and","start":742.63,"end":742.79},{"text":"should","start":742.79,"end":743.11},{"text":"be","start":743.11,"end":743.27},{"text":"exercised","start":743.27,"end":743.83},{"text":"before","start":743.83,"end":744.19},{"text":"resorting","start":744.19,"end":744.87},{"text":"to","start":745.11,"end":745.23},{"text":"universal","start":745.23,"end":745.75},{"text":"jurisdiction.","start":745.75,"end":746.47}]},{"text":"This restraint must be exercised until such time that we internationally agree upon safeguards to guide the application of universal jurisdiction, including criteria for impartiality and non-politicization.","start":747.27,"end":760.79,"topics":[{"key":"procedural-safeguards","label":"Procedural Safeguards","description":"Many delegations called for procedural limits to ensure fair and disciplined use of universal jurisdiction. Frequently mentioned safeguards included the presence of the accused in the forum state, due process guarantees, prior consultation with concerned states, high-level prosecutorial review, and protection against duplicative proceedings."},{"key":"politicization-and-selective-use","label":"Politicization and Selective Use","description":"A widely shared concern was that universal jurisdiction can be abused for political, discriminatory, or selective purposes. Delegations warned against using domestic courts to target foreign officials or advance geopolitical agendas under the banner of justice."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":747.27,"end":747.47},{"text":"restraint","start":747.47,"end":747.83},{"text":"must","start":747.83,"end":748.07},{"text":"be","start":748.07,"end":748.23},{"text":"exercised","start":748.23,"end":748.87},{"text":"until","start":748.87,"end":749.11},{"text":"such","start":749.11,"end":749.43},{"text":"time","start":749.43,"end":749.83},{"text":"that","start":750.15,"end":751.03},{"text":"we","start":751.03,"end":751.27},{"text":"internationally","start":751.27,"end":752.47},{"text":"agree","start":752.47,"end":752.87},{"text":"upon","start":752.87,"end":753.19},{"text":"safeguards","start":753.19,"end":753.71},{"text":"to","start":753.71,"end":753.83},{"text":"guide","start":753.83,"end":754.11},{"text":"the","start":754.11,"end":754.19},{"text":"application","start":754.19,"end":754.71},{"text":"of","start":754.71,"end":754.79},{"text":"universal","start":754.79,"end":755.27},{"text":"jurisdiction,","start":755.27,"end":755.91},{"text":"including","start":755.91,"end":756.31},{"text":"criteria","start":756.31,"end":757.31},{"text":"for","start":757.31,"end":757.59},{"text":"impartiality","start":758.15,"end":759.55},{"text":"and","start":759.55,"end":759.67},{"text":"non-politicization.","start":759.67,"end":760.79}]},{"text":"These safeguards must have regard for state sovereignty, immunities and due process.","start":760.95,"end":766.39,"topics":[{"key":"procedural-safeguards","label":"Procedural Safeguards","description":"Many delegations called for procedural limits to ensure fair and disciplined use of universal jurisdiction. Frequently mentioned safeguards included the presence of the accused in the forum state, due process guarantees, prior consultation with concerned states, high-level prosecutorial review, and protection against duplicative proceedings."},{"key":"sovereignty-and-immunities","label":"Sovereignty and Immunities","description":"Many statements emphasized that the exercise of universal jurisdiction must respect sovereign equality, non-interference, territorial integrity, and the immunities of state officials under international law. Several delegations warned that ignoring these principles would damage interstate relations and the legitimacy of the legal system."}],"words":[{"text":"These","start":760.95,"end":761.27},{"text":"safeguards","start":761.27,"end":761.75},{"text":"must","start":761.75,"end":762.03},{"text":"have","start":762.03,"end":762.23},{"text":"regard","start":762.23,"end":762.79},{"text":"for","start":763.51,"end":764.23},{"text":"state","start":764.23,"end":764.47},{"text":"sovereignty,","start":764.47,"end":765.11},{"text":"immunities","start":765.11,"end":765.71},{"text":"and","start":765.71,"end":765.87},{"text":"due","start":765.87,"end":765.99},{"text":"process.","start":765.99,"end":766.39}]},{"text":"I thank you, Mr. Chair.","start":766.71,"end":767.59,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":766.71,"end":766.87},{"text":"thank","start":766.87,"end":767.03},{"text":"you,","start":767.03,"end":767.11},{"text":"Mr.","start":767.11,"end":767.35},{"text":"Chair.","start":767.35,"end":767.59}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"ISR","affiliation_full":"Israel","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":5,"start":769.11,"pageUrl":"/en/ga/c6/80/23?t=770","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank you for your statement and I now invite the representative of the Kingdom of the Netherlands to deliver his statement.","start":769.11,"end":775.59,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":769.11,"end":769.19},{"text":"thank","start":769.27,"end":769.51},{"text":"you","start":769.51,"end":769.75},{"text":"for","start":769.75,"end":769.91},{"text":"your","start":769.91,"end":770.07},{"text":"statement","start":770.07,"end":770.87},{"text":"and","start":770.87,"end":771.19},{"text":"I","start":771.19,"end":771.35},{"text":"now","start":771.35,"end":771.59},{"text":"invite","start":771.59,"end":772.07},{"text":"the","start":772.07,"end":772.19},{"text":"representative","start":772.19,"end":773.03},{"text":"of","start":773.03,"end":773.11},{"text":"the","start":773.11,"end":773.23},{"text":"Kingdom","start":773.23,"end":773.63},{"text":"of","start":773.63,"end":773.71},{"text":"the","start":773.71,"end":773.79},{"text":"Netherlands","start":773.79,"end":774.39},{"text":"to","start":774.39,"end":774.47},{"text":"deliver","start":774.47,"end":774.79},{"text":"his","start":774.79,"end":774.95},{"text":"statement.","start":774.95,"end":775.59}]},{"text":"You have the floor.","start":775.59,"end":776.31,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"You","start":775.59,"end":775.71},{"text":"have","start":775.71,"end":775.83},{"text":"the","start":775.83,"end":775.95},{"text":"floor.","start":775.95,"end":776.31}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"6th Committee","affiliation_full":"6th Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":6,"start":778.91,"pageUrl":"/en/ga/c6/80/23?t=779","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Mr. Chair. The Kingdom of the Netherlands aligns itself with the statement given by the European Union on behalf of the EU and its member states.","start":778.91,"end":787.11,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":778.91,"end":779.11},{"text":"you,","start":779.11,"end":779.19},{"text":"Mr.","start":779.19,"end":779.43},{"text":"Chair.","start":779.43,"end":779.75},{"text":"The","start":780.39,"end":780.51},{"text":"Kingdom","start":780.55,"end":780.95},{"text":"of","start":780.95,"end":781.03},{"text":"the","start":781.03,"end":781.11},{"text":"Netherlands","start":781.11,"end":781.75},{"text":"aligns","start":781.75,"end":782.19},{"text":"itself","start":782.19,"end":782.59},{"text":"with","start":782.59,"end":782.71},{"text":"the","start":782.71,"end":782.79},{"text":"statement","start":782.79,"end":783.27},{"text":"given","start":783.27,"end":783.51},{"text":"by","start":783.51,"end":783.67},{"text":"the","start":783.67,"end":783.75},{"text":"European","start":783.75,"end":784.23},{"text":"Union","start":784.23,"end":784.71},{"text":"on","start":784.71,"end":784.83},{"text":"behalf","start":784.83,"end":785.27},{"text":"of","start":785.27,"end":785.39},{"text":"the","start":785.39,"end":785.47},{"text":"EU","start":785.47,"end":785.99},{"text":"and","start":786.07,"end":786.19},{"text":"its","start":786.19,"end":786.31},{"text":"member","start":786.31,"end":786.63},{"text":"states.","start":786.63,"end":787.11}]},{"text":"In addition to this statement, the Kingdom of the Netherlands would like to share the following.","start":787.99,"end":792.23,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":787.99,"end":788.15},{"text":"addition","start":788.15,"end":788.47},{"text":"to","start":788.47,"end":788.59},{"text":"this","start":788.59,"end":788.75},{"text":"statement,","start":788.75,"end":789.35},{"text":"the","start":789.35,"end":789.51},{"text":"Kingdom","start":789.51,"end":789.91},{"text":"of","start":789.91,"end":789.99},{"text":"the","start":789.99,"end":790.11},{"text":"Netherlands","start":790.11,"end":790.63},{"text":"would","start":790.63,"end":790.79},{"text":"like","start":790.79,"end":790.99},{"text":"to","start":790.99,"end":791.07},{"text":"share","start":791.07,"end":791.51},{"text":"the","start":791.51,"end":791.67},{"text":"following.","start":791.67,"end":792.23}]},{"text":"In the view of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, universal jurisdiction is an important tool in the fight against impunity for the most serious crimes under international law.","start":793.27,"end":802.31,"topics":[{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":793.27,"end":793.47},{"text":"the","start":793.47,"end":793.55},{"text":"view","start":793.55,"end":793.87},{"text":"of","start":793.87,"end":793.99},{"text":"the","start":793.99,"end":794.07},{"text":"Kingdom","start":794.07,"end":794.39},{"text":"of","start":794.39,"end":794.47},{"text":"the","start":794.47,"end":794.55},{"text":"Netherlands,","start":794.55,"end":795.19},{"text":"universal","start":795.51,"end":796.07},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":796.07,"end":796.71},{"text":"is","start":796.71,"end":796.87},{"text":"an","start":796.87,"end":796.95},{"text":"important","start":796.95,"end":797.39},{"text":"tool","start":797.39,"end":797.67},{"text":"in","start":797.67,"end":797.79},{"text":"the","start":797.79,"end":797.87},{"text":"fight","start":797.87,"end":798.31},{"text":"against","start":798.31,"end":798.63},{"text":"impunity","start":798.63,"end":799.27},{"text":"for","start":799.51,"end":799.67},{"text":"the","start":799.67,"end":799.79},{"text":"most","start":799.79,"end":800.19},{"text":"serious","start":800.19,"end":800.55},{"text":"crimes","start":800.55,"end":801.11},{"text":"under","start":801.11,"end":801.35},{"text":"international","start":801.35,"end":802.23},{"text":"law.","start":802.23,"end":802.31}]},{"text":"Furthermore, universal jurisdiction contributes to implementing the principle of complementarity under the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court.","start":803.27,"end":812.07,"topics":[{"key":"cooperation-and-national-capacity","label":"International Cooperation and National Capacity","description":"A recurring topic was the need to strengthen domestic justice systems and expand cooperation through extradition, mutual legal assistance, and judicial coordination. Delegations argued that stronger national capacity and better interstate cooperation are essential both to combat impunity and to reduce overreliance on universal jurisdiction."}],"words":[{"text":"Furthermore,","start":803.27,"end":803.99},{"text":"universal","start":804.23,"end":804.83},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":804.83,"end":805.59},{"text":"contributes","start":805.67,"end":806.35},{"text":"to","start":806.35,"end":806.47},{"text":"implementing","start":806.47,"end":807.11},{"text":"the","start":807.11,"end":807.23},{"text":"principle","start":807.23,"end":807.87},{"text":"of","start":807.87,"end":807.99},{"text":"complementarity","start":807.99,"end":808.95},{"text":"under","start":809.07,"end":809.27},{"text":"the","start":809.27,"end":809.51},{"text":"Rome","start":809.51,"end":809.75},{"text":"Statute","start":809.75,"end":810.31},{"text":"of","start":810.31,"end":810.47},{"text":"the","start":810.47,"end":810.55},{"text":"International","start":810.55,"end":811.27},{"text":"Criminal","start":811.27,"end":811.67},{"text":"Court.","start":811.67,"end":812.07}]},{"text":"This topic has been discussed in the Sixth Committee for some years now, and even though some progress has been achieved, it is also clear that the views and practices of States concerning the scope and application of the principle of universal jurisdiction vary widely.","start":813.51,"end":828.71,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":813.51,"end":813.83},{"text":"topic","start":813.83,"end":814.27},{"text":"has","start":814.27,"end":814.39},{"text":"been","start":814.39,"end":814.55},{"text":"discussed","start":814.55,"end":815.11},{"text":"in","start":815.11,"end":815.19},{"text":"the","start":815.19,"end":815.27},{"text":"Sixth","start":815.27,"end":815.55},{"text":"Committee","start":815.55,"end":815.99},{"text":"for","start":815.99,"end":816.15},{"text":"some","start":816.15,"end":816.39},{"text":"years","start":816.39,"end":816.71},{"text":"now,","start":816.71,"end":817.03},{"text":"and","start":817.19,"end":817.43},{"text":"even","start":817.43,"end":817.71},{"text":"though","start":817.71,"end":817.91},{"text":"some","start":817.91,"end":818.15},{"text":"progress","start":818.15,"end":818.63},{"text":"has","start":818.63,"end":818.79},{"text":"been","start":818.79,"end":818.95},{"text":"achieved,","start":818.95,"end":819.51},{"text":"it","start":819.91,"end":820.11},{"text":"is","start":820.11,"end":820.23},{"text":"also","start":820.23,"end":820.55},{"text":"clear","start":820.55,"end":821.03},{"text":"that","start":821.03,"end":821.27},{"text":"the","start":821.27,"end":821.35},{"text":"views","start":821.35,"end":821.79},{"text":"and","start":821.79,"end":821.91},{"text":"practices","start":821.91,"end":822.47},{"text":"of","start":822.47,"end":822.55},{"text":"States","start":822.55,"end":822.95},{"text":"concerning","start":822.95,"end":823.55},{"text":"the","start":823.55,"end":823.63},{"text":"scope","start":823.63,"end":824.07},{"text":"and","start":824.07,"end":824.23},{"text":"application","start":824.23,"end":824.87},{"text":"of","start":824.87,"end":824.95},{"text":"the","start":824.95,"end":825.03},{"text":"principle","start":825.03,"end":825.63},{"text":"of","start":825.63,"end":825.75},{"text":"universal","start":825.75,"end":826.71},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":826.71,"end":827.43},{"text":"vary","start":827.75,"end":828.15},{"text":"widely.","start":828.15,"end":828.71}]},{"text":"For the Netherlands, The most relevant piece of legislation concerning universal jurisdiction is the International Crimes Act of June 19, 2003, which entered into force in October 2003.","start":829.99,"end":842.07,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"For","start":829.99,"end":830.23},{"text":"the","start":830.31,"end":830.51},{"text":"Netherlands,","start":830.67,"end":831.59},{"text":"The","start":831.91,"end":832.03},{"text":"most","start":832.03,"end":832.23},{"text":"relevant","start":832.23,"end":832.63},{"text":"piece","start":832.63,"end":832.91},{"text":"of","start":832.91,"end":833.03},{"text":"legislation","start":833.03,"end":833.67},{"text":"concerning","start":833.67,"end":834.19},{"text":"universal","start":834.19,"end":834.67},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":834.67,"end":835.43},{"text":"is","start":835.43,"end":835.59},{"text":"the","start":835.59,"end":835.67},{"text":"International","start":835.67,"end":836.31},{"text":"Crimes","start":836.31,"end":836.71},{"text":"Act","start":836.71,"end":836.95},{"text":"of","start":837.23,"end":837.35},{"text":"June","start":837.35,"end":837.63},{"text":"19,","start":837.63,"end":838.15},{"text":"2003,","start":838.15,"end":839.11},{"text":"which","start":839.31,"end":839.59},{"text":"entered","start":839.59,"end":839.91},{"text":"into","start":839.91,"end":840.15},{"text":"force","start":840.15,"end":840.55},{"text":"in","start":840.55,"end":840.67},{"text":"October","start":840.67,"end":841.19},{"text":"2003.","start":841.27,"end":842.07}]},{"text":"Article 2 of the International Crimes Act states that, without prejudice to the relevant provisions of the Criminal Code and the Code of Military Law, Dutch criminal law shall apply to: a) anyone who commits any of the crimes defined in this Act outside the Netherlands if the suspect is present in the Netherlands; b) anyone who commits any of the crimes defined in this Act outside the Nederlands if the crime is committed against a Dutch national; c) a Dutch national who commits any of the crimes defined in this Act outside the Netherlands.","start":843.75,"end":877.19,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."},{"key":"subsidiarity-and-last-resort","label":"Subsidiarity and Last Resort","description":"Numerous speakers argued that universal jurisdiction should be secondary to territorial, nationality-based, or other closer jurisdictional links. 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terms of providing a basis for the exercise of universal jurisdiction by the Netherlands, the first element mentioned above is the most relevant part, as it allows the authorities to investigate and prosecute the crimes covered by the International Crimes Act when these have been committed abroad by foreign nationals.","start":879.11,"end":896.47,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiarity-and-last-resort","label":"Subsidiarity and Last Resort","description":"Numerous speakers argued that universal jurisdiction should be secondary to territorial, nationality-based, or other closer jurisdictional links. 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Frequently mentioned safeguards included the presence of the accused in the forum state, due process guarantees, prior consultation with concerned states, high-level prosecutorial review, and protection against duplicative proceedings."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":906.27,"end":906.39},{"text":"judicial","start":906.39,"end":906.83},{"text":"authorities","start":906.83,"end":907.39},{"text":"of","start":907.39,"end":907.47},{"text":"the","start":907.47,"end":907.59},{"text":"Netherlands","start":907.59,"end":908.11},{"text":"cannot","start":908.11,"end":908.51},{"text":"open","start":908.51,"end":908.95},{"text":"an","start":908.95,"end":909.03},{"text":"investigation","start":909.03,"end":909.95},{"text":"into","start":909.95,"end":910.23},{"text":"alleged","start":910.23,"end":910.59},{"text":"international","start":910.59,"end":911.31},{"text":"crimes","start":911.31,"end":911.71},{"text":"committed","start":911.71,"end":912.19},{"text":"abroad","start":912.19,"end":912.59},{"text":"by","start":912.59,"end":912.75},{"text":"foreigners","start":912.75,"end":913.39},{"text":"against","start":913.63,"end":913.99},{"text":"non-nationals","start":913.99,"end":914.75},{"text":"without","start":914.75,"end":915.07},{"text":"the","start":915.07,"end":915.19},{"text":"suspect","start":915.19,"end":915.87},{"text":"having","start":915.95,"end":916.27},{"text":"been","start":916.27,"end":916.43},{"text":"identified","start":916.43,"end":917.15},{"text":"and","start":917.23,"end":917.39},{"text":"present","start":917.39,"end":917.87},{"text":"in","start":918.03,"end":918.15},{"text":"the","start":918.15,"end":918.27},{"text":"country.","start":918.27,"end":918.67}]},{"text":"Investigations into a general situation are not possible unless the victim and/or the alleged perpetrator is a Dutch national, according to Article 2.","start":920.35,"end":931.71,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiarity-and-last-resort","label":"Subsidiarity and Last Resort","description":"Numerous speakers argued that universal jurisdiction should be secondary to territorial, nationality-based, or other closer jurisdictional links. 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Frequently mentioned safeguards included the presence of the accused in the forum state, due process guarantees, prior consultation with concerned states, high-level prosecutorial review, and protection against duplicative proceedings."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":944.59,"end":944.75},{"text":"such","start":944.75,"end":944.99},{"text":"cases,","start":944.99,"end":945.55},{"text":"the","start":945.87,"end":945.99},{"text":"decision","start":945.99,"end":946.59},{"text":"to","start":946.59,"end":946.67},{"text":"investigate","start":946.67,"end":947.35},{"text":"and","start":947.35,"end":947.47},{"text":"prosecute","start":947.47,"end":948.15},{"text":"is","start":948.15,"end":948.35},{"text":"based","start":948.35,"end":948.75},{"text":"on","start":948.75,"end":948.87},{"text":"a","start":948.87,"end":948.91},{"text":"decision","start":948.91,"end":949.55},{"text":"by","start":949.79,"end":950.03},{"text":"the","start":950.03,"end":950.11},{"text":"public","start":950.11,"end":950.51},{"text":"prosecutor's","start":950.51,"end":951.39},{"text":"office.","start":951.39,"end":951.95}]},{"text":"In addition to the International Crimes Act, the Netherlands Criminal Code, to be precise, Article 381, provides a basis for the exercise of universal jurisdiction by the Netherlands over the crime of piracy committed on the high seas.","start":952.83,"end":967.27,"topics":[{"key":"distinction-from-other-bases","label":"Distinction From Other Jurisdictional Bases","description":"Several speakers insisted that universal jurisdiction must be clearly distinguished from treaty-based obligations to extradite or prosecute, other forms of extraterritorial jurisdiction, and the jurisdiction of international criminal tribunals. They argued that conflating these concepts creates legal confusion and distorts state 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Dutch law, dual criminality is not a prerequisite for the investigation and prosecution of international crimes.","start":968.63,"end":975.91,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Under","start":968.63,"end":968.87},{"text":"Dutch","start":968.87,"end":969.19},{"text":"law,","start":969.19,"end":969.51},{"text":"dual","start":969.51,"end":969.91},{"text":"criminality","start":969.91,"end":970.63},{"text":"is","start":970.63,"end":970.87},{"text":"not","start":970.87,"end":971.07},{"text":"a","start":971.07,"end":971.11},{"text":"prerequisite","start":971.11,"end":972.55},{"text":"for","start":972.63,"end":972.79},{"text":"the","start":972.79,"end":972.87},{"text":"investigation","start":972.87,"end":973.83},{"text":"and","start":973.99,"end":974.11},{"text":"prosecution","start":974.11,"end":974.83},{"text":"of","start":974.83,"end":974.95},{"text":"international","start":974.95,"end":975.47},{"text":"crimes.","start":975.47,"end":975.91}]},{"text":"The Kingdom of the Netherlands support the ILC study and awaits its result.","start":977.11,"end":981.67,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":977.11,"end":977.23},{"text":"Kingdom","start":977.27,"end":977.67},{"text":"of","start":977.71,"end":977.83},{"text":"the","start":977.83,"end":977.91},{"text":"Netherlands","start":977.91,"end":978.55},{"text":"support","start":978.71,"end":979.27},{"text":"the","start":979.27,"end":979.39},{"text":"ILC","start":979.39,"end":979.91},{"text":"study","start":979.91,"end":980.39},{"text":"and","start":980.55,"end":980.75},{"text":"awaits","start":980.75,"end":981.11},{"text":"its","start":981.11,"end":981.27},{"text":"result.","start":981.27,"end":981.67}]},{"text":"I thank you, Mr. Chair.","start":981.75,"end":982.79,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":981.75,"end":981.91},{"text":"thank","start":981.91,"end":982.15},{"text":"you,","start":982.15,"end":982.23},{"text":"Mr.","start":982.23,"end":982.47},{"text":"Chair.","start":982.47,"end":982.79}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"NLD","affiliation_full":"Netherlands (Kingdom of the)","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":7,"start":984.83,"pageUrl":"/en/ga/c6/80/23?t=985","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank you as well for your statement and I am now turning to the representative of Ethiopia to deliver a statement.","start":984.83,"end":991.79,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":984.83,"end":984.99},{"text":"thank","start":984.99,"end":985.23},{"text":"you","start":985.23,"end":985.39},{"text":"as","start":985.39,"end":985.55},{"text":"well","start":985.55,"end":985.79},{"text":"for","start":985.79,"end":985.95},{"text":"your","start":985.95,"end":986.07},{"text":"statement","start":986.07,"end":986.83},{"text":"and","start":986.83,"end":987.31},{"text":"I","start":987.31,"end":987.39},{"text":"am","start":987.39,"end":987.55},{"text":"now","start":987.55,"end":987.79},{"text":"turning","start":987.79,"end":988.43},{"text":"to","start":988.43,"end":988.67},{"text":"the","start":988.71,"end":988.79},{"text":"representative","start":988.79,"end":989.71},{"text":"of","start":989.71,"end":989.95},{"text":"Ethiopia","start":989.95,"end":990.67},{"text":"to","start":990.67,"end":990.91},{"text":"deliver","start":990.91,"end":991.23},{"text":"a","start":991.23,"end":991.27},{"text":"statement.","start":991.27,"end":991.79}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"6th Committee","affiliation_full":"6th Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":8,"start":998.31,"pageUrl":"/en/ga/c6/80/23?t=999","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Mr. Chair.","start":998.31,"end":999.35,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":998.31,"end":998.55},{"text":"you,","start":998.55,"end":998.63},{"text":"Mr.","start":998.63,"end":998.95},{"text":"Chair.","start":998.95,"end":999.35}]},{"text":"My delegation thanks the Secretary-General for his report on the scope and application of the principle of universal jurisdiction contained in document A/80/274.","start":1000.87,"end":1012.39,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"My","start":1000.87,"end":1001.03},{"text":"delegation","start":1001.03,"end":1001.75},{"text":"thanks","start":1001.91,"end":1002.23},{"text":"the","start":1002.27,"end":1002.35},{"text":"Secretary-General","start":1002.35,"end":1003.55},{"text":"for","start":1003.91,"end":1004.15},{"text":"his","start":1004.15,"end":1004.31},{"text":"report","start":1004.31,"end":1004.79},{"text":"on","start":1004.79,"end":1005.03},{"text":"the","start":1005.03,"end":1005.11},{"text":"scope","start":1005.11,"end":1005.39},{"text":"and","start":1005.39,"end":1005.55},{"text":"application","start":1005.55,"end":1006.07},{"text":"of","start":1006.07,"end":1006.31},{"text":"the","start":1006.39,"end":1006.55},{"text":"principle","start":1006.55,"end":1007.03},{"text":"of","start":1007.03,"end":1007.11},{"text":"universal","start":1007.11,"end":1007.59},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":1007.59,"end":1008.23},{"text":"contained","start":1008.23,"end":1008.87},{"text":"in","start":1009.35,"end":1009.59},{"text":"document","start":1009.59,"end":1010.07},{"text":"A/80/274.","start":1010.07,"end":1012.39}]},{"text":"Ethiopia aligns itself with the statement delivered by Cameroon on behalf of the African Group and Iran on behalf of the Non-Aligned Movement and would like to make the following remarks in our national capacity.","start":1013.23,"end":1025.67,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Ethiopia","start":1013.23,"end":1013.83},{"text":"aligns","start":1013.91,"end":1014.39},{"text":"itself","start":1014.39,"end":1014.79},{"text":"with","start":1014.79,"end":1015.07},{"text":"the","start":1015.07,"end":1015.15},{"text":"statement","start":1015.15,"end":1015.71},{"text":"delivered","start":1015.71,"end":1016.23},{"text":"by","start":1016.23,"end":1016.39},{"text":"Cameroon","start":1016.39,"end":1017.03},{"text":"on","start":1017.03,"end":1017.19},{"text":"behalf","start":1017.19,"end":1017.39},{"text":"of","start":1017.39,"end":1017.59},{"text":"the","start":1017.59,"end":1017.71},{"text":"African","start":1017.71,"end":1018.15},{"text":"Group","start":1018.15,"end":1018.47},{"text":"and","start":1019.11,"end":1019.39},{"text":"Iran","start":1019.39,"end":1019.67},{"text":"on","start":1019.67,"end":1019.83},{"text":"behalf","start":1019.83,"end":1020.07},{"text":"of","start":1020.07,"end":1020.47},{"text":"the","start":1020.55,"end":1020.67},{"text":"Non-Aligned","start":1020.67,"end":1021.83},{"text":"Movement","start":1021.83,"end":1022.31},{"text":"and","start":1022.31,"end":1022.47},{"text":"would","start":1022.47,"end":1022.59},{"text":"like","start":1022.59,"end":1022.87},{"text":"to","start":1022.87,"end":1022.95},{"text":"make","start":1022.95,"end":1023.19},{"text":"the","start":1023.19,"end":1023.27},{"text":"following","start":1023.27,"end":1023.67},{"text":"remarks","start":1023.67,"end":1024.23},{"text":"in","start":1024.31,"end":1024.55},{"text":"our","start":1024.55,"end":1024.71},{"text":"national","start":1024.71,"end":1025.03},{"text":"capacity.","start":1025.03,"end":1025.67}]},{"text":"The progress of contemporary technology, the increasing interconnectedness of the world and increased mobility of people across borders requires international cooperation.","start":1027.35,"end":1038.15,"topics":[{"key":"cooperation-and-national-capacity","label":"International Cooperation and National Capacity","description":"A recurring topic was the need to strengthen domestic justice systems and expand cooperation through extradition, mutual legal assistance, and judicial coordination. Delegations argued that stronger national capacity and better interstate cooperation are essential both to combat impunity and to reduce overreliance on universal jurisdiction."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1027.35,"end":1027.59},{"text":"progress","start":1028.07,"end":1028.63},{"text":"of","start":1028.63,"end":1028.79},{"text":"contemporary","start":1028.79,"end":1029.47},{"text":"technology,","start":1029.47,"end":1030.31},{"text":"the","start":1030.87,"end":1031.07},{"text":"increasing","start":1031.07,"end":1031.55},{"text":"interconnectedness","start":1031.55,"end":1032.55},{"text":"of","start":1032.55,"end":1032.71},{"text":"the","start":1032.71,"end":1032.79},{"text":"world","start":1032.79,"end":1033.43},{"text":"and","start":1033.91,"end":1034.15},{"text":"increased","start":1034.15,"end":1034.63},{"text":"mobility","start":1034.63,"end":1035.07},{"text":"of","start":1035.07,"end":1035.19},{"text":"people","start":1035.19,"end":1035.51},{"text":"across","start":1035.51,"end":1035.87},{"text":"borders","start":1035.87,"end":1036.27},{"text":"requires","start":1036.27,"end":1036.83},{"text":"international","start":1036.83,"end":1037.55},{"text":"cooperation.","start":1037.55,"end":1038.15}]},{"text":"Mr. Chair, the primary objective of the inclusion of this agenda item scope and application of the principle of universal jurisdiction by the United Republic of Tanzania on behalf of the African Group in 2009 was to settle or determine the extent and context of the application of the principle.","start":1039.15,"end":1059.67,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":1039.15,"end":1039.51},{"text":"Chair,","start":1039.51,"end":1039.91},{"text":"the","start":1040.23,"end":1040.35},{"text":"primary","start":1040.35,"end":1040.79},{"text":"objective","start":1040.79,"end":1041.31},{"text":"of","start":1041.31,"end":1041.43},{"text":"the","start":1041.43,"end":1041.51},{"text":"inclusion","start":1041.51,"end":1041.99},{"text":"of","start":1041.99,"end":1042.15},{"text":"this","start":1042.15,"end":1042.39},{"text":"agenda","start":1042.39,"end":1042.87},{"text":"item","start":1042.87,"end":1043.27},{"text":"scope","start":1043.99,"end":1044.31},{"text":"and","start":1044.31,"end":1044.47},{"text":"application","start":1044.47,"end":1045.03},{"text":"of","start":1045.03,"end":1045.11},{"text":"the","start":1045.11,"end":1045.27},{"text":"principle","start":1045.27,"end":1045.71},{"text":"of","start":1045.71,"end":1045.79},{"text":"universal","start":1045.79,"end":1046.31},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":1046.31,"end":1047.03},{"text":"by","start":1047.11,"end":1047.43},{"text":"the","start":1047.51,"end":1047.63},{"text":"United","start":1047.63,"end":1048.07},{"text":"Republic","start":1048.23,"end":1048.71},{"text":"of","start":1048.71,"end":1048.79},{"text":"Tanzania","start":1048.79,"end":1049.43},{"text":"on","start":1049.43,"end":1049.51},{"text":"behalf","start":1049.51,"end":1049.71},{"text":"of","start":1049.71,"end":1049.83},{"text":"the","start":1049.83,"end":1050.03},{"text":"African","start":1050.03,"end":1050.39},{"text":"Group","start":1050.39,"end":1050.71},{"text":"in","start":1050.71,"end":1050.95},{"text":"2009","start":1051.03,"end":1052.39},{"text":"was","start":1052.39,"end":1052.71},{"text":"to","start":1053.43,"end":1053.59},{"text":"settle","start":1053.59,"end":1054.15},{"text":"or","start":1054.15,"end":1054.47},{"text":"determine","start":1054.47,"end":1055.19},{"text":"the","start":1055.35,"end":1055.47},{"text":"extent","start":1055.47,"end":1056.07},{"text":"and","start":1056.07,"end":1056.55},{"text":"context","start":1057.11,"end":1057.67},{"text":"of","start":1057.67,"end":1057.83},{"text":"the","start":1057.83,"end":1057.95},{"text":"application","start":1057.95,"end":1058.55},{"text":"of","start":1058.55,"end":1058.79},{"text":"the","start":1058.87,"end":1059.03},{"text":"principle.","start":1059.03,"end":1059.67}]},{"text":"We continue to believe that universal jurisdiction is important to fight impunity as well as to punish perpetrators of the most serious international crimes.","start":1060.95,"end":1070.47,"topics":[{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":1060.95,"end":1061.19},{"text":"continue","start":1061.19,"end":1061.75},{"text":"to","start":1061.75,"end":1061.83},{"text":"believe","start":1061.83,"end":1062.15},{"text":"that","start":1062.15,"end":1062.47},{"text":"universal","start":1062.47,"end":1063.03},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":1063.03,"end":1063.63},{"text":"is","start":1063.63,"end":1063.75},{"text":"important","start":1063.75,"end":1064.43},{"text":"to","start":1064.43,"end":1064.51},{"text":"fight","start":1064.51,"end":1065.03},{"text":"impunity","start":1065.19,"end":1065.99},{"text":"as","start":1066.39,"end":1066.55},{"text":"well","start":1066.55,"end":1066.79},{"text":"as","start":1066.79,"end":1066.95},{"text":"to","start":1066.95,"end":1067.07},{"text":"punish","start":1067.07,"end":1067.43},{"text":"perpetrators","start":1067.43,"end":1068.23},{"text":"of","start":1068.23,"end":1068.31},{"text":"the","start":1068.31,"end":1068.47},{"text":"most","start":1068.47,"end":1068.79},{"text":"serious","start":1068.79,"end":1069.27},{"text":"international","start":1069.35,"end":1069.91},{"text":"crimes.","start":1069.91,"end":1070.47}]},{"text":"In this spirit, Ethiopia's criminal law provides for universal jurisdiction over crimes committed against the interests of the Ethiopian state or its nationals, and international crimes prescribed under international treaties to which Ethiopia is a party to.","start":1071.51,"end":1084.55,"topics":[{"key":"distinction-from-other-bases","label":"Distinction From Other Jurisdictional Bases","description":"Several speakers insisted that universal jurisdiction must be clearly distinguished from treaty-based obligations to extradite or prosecute, other forms of extraterritorial jurisdiction, and the jurisdiction of international criminal tribunals. They argued that conflating these concepts creates legal confusion and distorts state practice."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":1071.51,"end":1071.75},{"text":"this","start":1071.75,"end":1072.03},{"text":"spirit,","start":1072.03,"end":1072.31},{"text":"Ethiopia's","start":1072.31,"end":1072.87},{"text":"criminal","start":1072.87,"end":1073.31},{"text":"law","start":1073.31,"end":1073.39},{"text":"provides","start":1073.39,"end":1074.15},{"text":"for","start":1074.15,"end":1074.55},{"text":"universal","start":1074.55,"end":1075.03},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":1075.03,"end":1075.59},{"text":"over","start":1075.59,"end":1075.83},{"text":"crimes","start":1075.83,"end":1076.15},{"text":"committed","start":1076.15,"end":1076.55},{"text":"against","start":1076.55,"end":1076.87},{"text":"the","start":1076.87,"end":1076.99},{"text":"interests","start":1076.99,"end":1077.43},{"text":"of","start":1077.43,"end":1077.51},{"text":"the","start":1077.51,"end":1077.59},{"text":"Ethiopian","start":1077.59,"end":1077.95},{"text":"state","start":1077.95,"end":1078.31},{"text":"or","start":1078.31,"end":1078.47},{"text":"its","start":1078.47,"end":1078.71},{"text":"nationals,","start":1078.71,"end":1079.35},{"text":"and","start":1079.99,"end":1080.23},{"text":"international","start":1080.23,"end":1080.87},{"text":"crimes","start":1080.87,"end":1081.27},{"text":"prescribed","start":1081.27,"end":1081.87},{"text":"under","start":1081.87,"end":1082.15},{"text":"international","start":1082.15,"end":1082.79},{"text":"treaties","start":1082.79,"end":1083.11},{"text":"to","start":1083.11,"end":1083.23},{"text":"which","start":1083.23,"end":1083.43},{"text":"Ethiopia","start":1083.43,"end":1083.75},{"text":"is","start":1083.75,"end":1083.91},{"text":"a","start":1083.91,"end":1083.95},{"text":"party","start":1083.95,"end":1084.31},{"text":"to.","start":1084.31,"end":1084.55}]},{"text":"In this light, the scope of universal jurisdiction shall be limited to crimes which are committed in violation of international law, crimes that are against the conscience of humanity, and the legal established vital interests of states.","start":1085.43,"end":1099.27,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":1085.43,"end":1085.59},{"text":"this","start":1085.59,"end":1085.83},{"text":"light,","start":1085.83,"end":1086.23},{"text":"the","start":1086.31,"end":1086.47},{"text":"scope","start":1086.47,"end":1086.87},{"text":"of","start":1086.87,"end":1086.95},{"text":"universal","start":1086.95,"end":1087.43},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":1087.43,"end":1088.11},{"text":"shall","start":1088.11,"end":1088.31},{"text":"be","start":1088.31,"end":1088.47},{"text":"limited","start":1088.47,"end":1088.83},{"text":"to","start":1088.83,"end":1089.03},{"text":"crimes","start":1089.03,"end":1089.39},{"text":"which","start":1089.39,"end":1089.67},{"text":"are","start":1089.67,"end":1089.83},{"text":"committed","start":1089.83,"end":1090.27},{"text":"in","start":1090.27,"end":1090.35},{"text":"violation","start":1090.35,"end":1090.79},{"text":"of","start":1090.79,"end":1090.87},{"text":"international","start":1090.87,"end":1091.79},{"text":"law,","start":1091.79,"end":1091.87},{"text":"crimes","start":1092.31,"end":1092.79},{"text":"that","start":1092.79,"end":1093.19},{"text":"are","start":1093.19,"end":1093.31},{"text":"against","start":1093.31,"end":1093.99},{"text":"the","start":1094.07,"end":1094.31},{"text":"conscience","start":1094.31,"end":1094.87},{"text":"of","start":1094.87,"end":1095.03},{"text":"humanity,","start":1095.83,"end":1096.55},{"text":"and","start":1096.63,"end":1097.03},{"text":"the","start":1097.07,"end":1097.15},{"text":"legal","start":1097.19,"end":1097.51},{"text":"established","start":1097.51,"end":1097.95},{"text":"vital","start":1097.95,"end":1098.23},{"text":"interests","start":1098.23,"end":1098.67},{"text":"of","start":1098.67,"end":1098.75},{"text":"states.","start":1098.79,"end":1099.27}]},{"text":"Its application shall be consistent with international law and the conduct of international relations.","start":1100.35,"end":1105.87,"topics":[{"key":"sovereignty-and-immunities","label":"Sovereignty and Immunities","description":"Many statements emphasized that the exercise of universal jurisdiction must respect sovereign equality, non-interference, territorial integrity, and the immunities of state officials under international law. Several delegations warned that ignoring these principles would damage interstate relations and the legitimacy of the legal system."}],"words":[{"text":"Its","start":1100.35,"end":1100.67},{"text":"application","start":1100.67,"end":1101.31},{"text":"shall","start":1101.31,"end":1101.55},{"text":"be","start":1101.55,"end":1101.71},{"text":"consistent","start":1101.71,"end":1102.35},{"text":"with","start":1102.35,"end":1102.55},{"text":"international","start":1102.55,"end":1103.59},{"text":"law","start":1103.59,"end":1103.67},{"text":"and","start":1103.67,"end":1103.91},{"text":"the","start":1103.91,"end":1104.03},{"text":"conduct","start":1104.03,"end":1104.47},{"text":"of","start":1104.47,"end":1104.59},{"text":"international","start":1104.59,"end":1105.23},{"text":"relations.","start":1105.23,"end":1105.87}]},{"text":"It shall be aligned with the principle of sovereignty, non-interference, and political independence of states, and the sovereign immunity of state officials.","start":1106.83,"end":1114.99,"topics":[{"key":"sovereignty-and-immunities","label":"Sovereignty and Immunities","description":"Many statements emphasized that the exercise of universal jurisdiction must respect sovereign equality, non-interference, territorial integrity, and the immunities of state officials under international law. Several delegations warned that ignoring these principles would damage interstate relations and the legitimacy of the legal system."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":1106.83,"end":1107.07},{"text":"shall","start":1107.07,"end":1107.23},{"text":"be","start":1107.23,"end":1107.39},{"text":"aligned","start":1107.39,"end":1107.87},{"text":"with","start":1107.87,"end":1107.99},{"text":"the","start":1107.99,"end":1108.11},{"text":"principle","start":1108.11,"end":1108.63},{"text":"of","start":1108.63,"end":1108.71},{"text":"sovereignty,","start":1108.71,"end":1109.47},{"text":"non-interference,","start":1109.47,"end":1110.35},{"text":"and","start":1110.35,"end":1110.59},{"text":"political","start":1110.59,"end":1111.07},{"text":"independence","start":1111.07,"end":1111.63},{"text":"of","start":1111.63,"end":1111.75},{"text":"states,","start":1111.75,"end":1112.27},{"text":"and","start":1112.67,"end":1112.99},{"text":"the","start":1112.99,"end":1113.07},{"text":"sovereign","start":1113.07,"end":1113.51},{"text":"immunity","start":1113.51,"end":1113.95},{"text":"of","start":1113.95,"end":1114.03},{"text":"state","start":1114.03,"end":1114.35},{"text":"officials.","start":1114.35,"end":1114.99}]},{"text":"It shall be implemented without political motivation, and shall not be implemented as a tool to pressure states and discredit governments.","start":1116.35,"end":1130.83,"topics":[{"key":"politicization-and-selective-use","label":"Politicization and Selective Use","description":"A widely shared concern was that universal jurisdiction can be abused for political, discriminatory, or selective purposes. Delegations warned against using domestic courts to target foreign officials or advance geopolitical agendas under the banner of justice."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":1116.35,"end":1116.59},{"text":"shall","start":1116.59,"end":1116.83},{"text":"be","start":1116.83,"end":1117.07},{"text":"implemented","start":1117.07,"end":1117.95},{"text":"without","start":1120.27,"end":1120.75},{"text":"political","start":1120.75,"end":1121.47},{"text":"motivation,","start":1121.55,"end":1122.43},{"text":"and","start":1122.99,"end":1123.39},{"text":"shall","start":1123.39,"end":1123.59},{"text":"not","start":1123.59,"end":1124.03},{"text":"be","start":1125.15,"end":1125.63},{"text":"implemented","start":1125.63,"end":1126.59},{"text":"as","start":1126.75,"end":1127.03},{"text":"a","start":1127.03,"end":1127.07},{"text":"tool","start":1127.07,"end":1127.39},{"text":"to","start":1127.39,"end":1127.55},{"text":"pressure","start":1127.55,"end":1128.11},{"text":"states","start":1128.27,"end":1128.75},{"text":"and","start":1128.75,"end":1129.03},{"text":"discredit","start":1129.03,"end":1129.63},{"text":"governments.","start":1130.19,"end":1130.83}]},{"text":"Therefore, our deliberation on this agenda item should focus on the determination of the extent and application of the principle and in a later stage to establish regulatory provisions for its scope and application as originally envisaged.","start":1131.55,"end":1146.59,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"Therefore,","start":1131.55,"end":1132.11},{"text":"our","start":1132.11,"end":1132.23},{"text":"deliberation","start":1132.23,"end":1133.07},{"text":"on","start":1133.07,"end":1133.23},{"text":"this","start":1133.27,"end":1133.47},{"text":"agenda","start":1133.47,"end":1133.83},{"text":"item","start":1133.83,"end":1134.19},{"text":"should","start":1134.19,"end":1134.43},{"text":"focus","start":1134.43,"end":1134.83},{"text":"on","start":1134.83,"end":1135.15},{"text":"the","start":1135.15,"end":1135.27},{"text":"determination","start":1135.27,"end":1136.67},{"text":"of","start":1136.67,"end":1136.83},{"text":"the","start":1137.31,"end":1137.39},{"text":"extent","start":1137.39,"end":1137.87},{"text":"and","start":1137.87,"end":1138.03},{"text":"application","start":1138.03,"end":1138.59},{"text":"of","start":1138.59,"end":1138.67},{"text":"the","start":1138.67,"end":1138.83},{"text":"principle","start":1138.83,"end":1139.47},{"text":"and","start":1139.55,"end":1139.95},{"text":"in","start":1140.11,"end":1140.27},{"text":"a","start":1140.35,"end":1140.39},{"text":"later","start":1140.39,"end":1140.71},{"text":"stage","start":1140.71,"end":1141.23},{"text":"to","start":1141.63,"end":1141.83},{"text":"establish","start":1141.83,"end":1142.35},{"text":"regulatory","start":1142.35,"end":1142.91},{"text":"provisions","start":1142.91,"end":1143.47},{"text":"for","start":1143.47,"end":1143.63},{"text":"its","start":1143.63,"end":1143.83},{"text":"scope","start":1143.83,"end":1144.19},{"text":"and","start":1144.19,"end":1144.35},{"text":"application","start":1144.35,"end":1145.07},{"text":"as","start":1145.07,"end":1145.31},{"text":"originally","start":1145.31,"end":1146.03},{"text":"envisaged.","start":1146.03,"end":1146.59}]},{"text":"Technical aspects of its application in terms of international legal cooperation shall merit thorough discussion.","start":1147.31,"end":1153.71,"topics":[{"key":"cooperation-and-national-capacity","label":"International Cooperation and National Capacity","description":"A recurring topic was the need to strengthen domestic justice systems and expand cooperation through extradition, mutual legal assistance, and judicial coordination. Delegations argued that stronger national capacity and better interstate cooperation are essential both to combat impunity and to reduce overreliance on universal jurisdiction."}],"words":[{"text":"Technical","start":1147.31,"end":1147.79},{"text":"aspects","start":1147.79,"end":1148.27},{"text":"of","start":1148.27,"end":1148.39},{"text":"its","start":1148.39,"end":1148.59},{"text":"application","start":1148.59,"end":1149.23},{"text":"in","start":1149.23,"end":1149.39},{"text":"terms","start":1149.39,"end":1149.75},{"text":"of","start":1149.75,"end":1149.91},{"text":"international","start":1149.91,"end":1150.59},{"text":"legal","start":1150.59,"end":1150.83},{"text":"cooperation","start":1150.83,"end":1151.55},{"text":"shall","start":1151.55,"end":1151.79},{"text":"merit","start":1151.79,"end":1152.35},{"text":"thorough","start":1152.87,"end":1153.07},{"text":"discussion.","start":1153.07,"end":1153.71}]},{"text":"Finally, Mr. Chair, Ethiopia believes that universal jurisdiction should only be used as a last resort and in a manner that supports the primary law of member states with direct links to the specific incident.","start":1154.43,"end":1166.91,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiarity-and-last-resort","label":"Subsidiarity and Last Resort","description":"Numerous speakers argued that universal jurisdiction should be secondary to territorial, nationality-based, or other closer jurisdictional links. In this view, it should be used only when the state with primary jurisdiction is unwilling or unable genuinely to investigate and prosecute."}],"words":[{"text":"Finally,","start":1154.43,"end":1154.91},{"text":"Mr.","start":1154.91,"end":1155.23},{"text":"Chair,","start":1155.23,"end":1155.55},{"text":"Ethiopia","start":1155.71,"end":1156.19},{"text":"believes","start":1156.19,"end":1156.59},{"text":"that","start":1156.59,"end":1156.71},{"text":"universal","start":1156.71,"end":1157.15},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":1157.15,"end":1157.79},{"text":"should","start":1157.79,"end":1158.03},{"text":"only","start":1158.03,"end":1158.31},{"text":"be","start":1158.31,"end":1158.43},{"text":"used","start":1158.43,"end":1158.75},{"text":"as","start":1158.75,"end":1159.07},{"text":"a","start":1159.15,"end":1159.19},{"text":"last","start":1159.19,"end":1159.63},{"text":"resort","start":1159.63,"end":1160.19},{"text":"and","start":1160.27,"end":1160.55},{"text":"in","start":1160.55,"end":1160.67},{"text":"a","start":1160.67,"end":1160.71},{"text":"manner","start":1160.71,"end":1161.15},{"text":"that","start":1161.15,"end":1161.31},{"text":"supports","start":1161.31,"end":1162.03},{"text":"the","start":1162.55,"end":1162.67},{"text":"primary","start":1162.67,"end":1163.23},{"text":"law","start":1163.23,"end":1163.43},{"text":"of","start":1163.43,"end":1163.51},{"text":"member","start":1163.51,"end":1163.91},{"text":"states","start":1163.91,"end":1164.35},{"text":"with","start":1164.35,"end":1164.55},{"text":"direct","start":1164.55,"end":1165.03},{"text":"links","start":1165.03,"end":1165.39},{"text":"to","start":1165.39,"end":1165.71},{"text":"the","start":1165.79,"end":1165.95},{"text":"specific","start":1165.95,"end":1166.35},{"text":"incident.","start":1166.35,"end":1166.91}]},{"text":"Primacy should be given to formal legal assistance and judicial cooperation between states.","start":1167.71,"end":1172.91,"topics":[{"key":"cooperation-and-national-capacity","label":"International Cooperation and National Capacity","description":"A recurring topic was the need to strengthen domestic justice systems and expand cooperation through extradition, mutual legal assistance, and judicial coordination. Delegations argued that stronger national capacity and better interstate cooperation are essential both to combat impunity and to reduce overreliance on universal jurisdiction."}],"words":[{"text":"Primacy","start":1167.71,"end":1168.59},{"text":"should","start":1168.59,"end":1168.83},{"text":"be","start":1168.83,"end":1168.91},{"text":"given","start":1168.91,"end":1169.31},{"text":"to","start":1169.31,"end":1169.47},{"text":"formal","start":1169.55,"end":1170.03},{"text":"legal","start":1170.03,"end":1170.35},{"text":"assistance","start":1170.35,"end":1170.91},{"text":"and","start":1170.91,"end":1171.19},{"text":"judicial","start":1171.19,"end":1171.51},{"text":"cooperation","start":1171.51,"end":1172.07},{"text":"between","start":1172.07,"end":1172.39},{"text":"states.","start":1172.39,"end":1172.91}]},{"text":"Only in the event that the state with primary jurisdictional link fails to investigate and prosecute the crime should universal jurisdiction be exercised by others.","start":1173.79,"end":1184.03,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiarity-and-last-resort","label":"Subsidiarity and Last Resort","description":"Numerous speakers argued that universal jurisdiction should be secondary to territorial, nationality-based, or other closer jurisdictional links. In this view, it should be used only when the state with primary jurisdiction is unwilling or unable genuinely to investigate and prosecute."}],"words":[{"text":"Only","start":1173.79,"end":1174.07},{"text":"in","start":1174.07,"end":1174.19},{"text":"the","start":1174.19,"end":1174.31},{"text":"event","start":1174.31,"end":1174.59},{"text":"that","start":1174.67,"end":1174.91},{"text":"the","start":1174.91,"end":1174.99},{"text":"state","start":1174.99,"end":1175.63},{"text":"with","start":1175.63,"end":1175.91},{"text":"primary","start":1175.95,"end":1176.67},{"text":"jurisdictional","start":1176.75,"end":1177.51},{"text":"link","start":1177.51,"end":1177.87},{"text":"fails","start":1178.11,"end":1178.47},{"text":"to","start":1178.47,"end":1178.55},{"text":"investigate","start":1178.55,"end":1179.11},{"text":"and","start":1179.11,"end":1179.31},{"text":"prosecute","start":1179.31,"end":1180.23},{"text":"the","start":1180.23,"end":1180.35},{"text":"crime","start":1180.35,"end":1180.83},{"text":"should","start":1181.31,"end":1181.55},{"text":"universal","start":1181.55,"end":1182.03},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":1182.03,"end":1182.67},{"text":"be","start":1182.67,"end":1182.87},{"text":"exercised","start":1182.87,"end":1183.39},{"text":"by","start":1183.39,"end":1183.51},{"text":"others.","start":1183.51,"end":1184.03}]},{"text":"Furthermore, Ethiopia is of the view that the principle of universal jurisdiction should not be conflated with the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court and other similar ad hoc mechanisms.","start":1185.39,"end":1196.11,"topics":[{"key":"distinction-from-other-bases","label":"Distinction From Other Jurisdictional Bases","description":"Several speakers insisted that universal jurisdiction must be clearly distinguished from treaty-based obligations to extradite or prosecute, other forms of extraterritorial jurisdiction, and the jurisdiction of international criminal tribunals. They argued that conflating these concepts creates legal confusion and distorts state practice."}],"words":[{"text":"Furthermore,","start":1185.39,"end":1186.11},{"text":"Ethiopia","start":1186.11,"end":1186.59},{"text":"is","start":1186.59,"end":1186.75},{"text":"of","start":1186.75,"end":1186.83},{"text":"the","start":1186.83,"end":1186.99},{"text":"view","start":1186.99,"end":1187.23},{"text":"that","start":1187.23,"end":1187.39},{"text":"the","start":1187.39,"end":1187.55},{"text":"principle","start":1187.55,"end":1187.99},{"text":"of","start":1187.99,"end":1188.11},{"text":"universal","start":1188.11,"end":1188.51},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":1188.51,"end":1189.15},{"text":"should","start":1189.15,"end":1189.35},{"text":"not","start":1189.35,"end":1189.63},{"text":"be","start":1189.63,"end":1189.71},{"text":"conflated","start":1189.71,"end":1190.27},{"text":"with","start":1190.27,"end":1190.55},{"text":"the","start":1191.07,"end":1191.23},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":1191.23,"end":1191.79},{"text":"of","start":1191.79,"end":1191.87},{"text":"the","start":1191.87,"end":1191.99},{"text":"International","start":1191.99,"end":1192.67},{"text":"Criminal","start":1192.67,"end":1193.15},{"text":"Court","start":1193.15,"end":1193.63},{"text":"and","start":1193.79,"end":1194.19},{"text":"other","start":1194.19,"end":1194.51},{"text":"similar","start":1194.51,"end":1194.91},{"text":"ad","start":1194.91,"end":1195.07},{"text":"hoc","start":1195.07,"end":1195.23},{"text":"mechanisms.","start":1195.23,"end":1196.11}]},{"text":"Ethiopia is not a party to the Rome Statute and we don't support any approximation between the competence of the International Criminal Court over its member states and universal jurisdiction.","start":1196.91,"end":1207.79,"topics":[{"key":"distinction-from-other-bases","label":"Distinction From Other Jurisdictional Bases","description":"Several speakers insisted that universal jurisdiction must be clearly distinguished from treaty-based obligations to extradite or prosecute, other forms of extraterritorial jurisdiction, and the jurisdiction of international criminal tribunals. They argued that conflating these concepts creates legal confusion and distorts state practice."}],"words":[{"text":"Ethiopia","start":1196.91,"end":1197.31},{"text":"is","start":1197.31,"end":1197.43},{"text":"not","start":1197.43,"end":1197.63},{"text":"a","start":1197.63,"end":1197.67},{"text":"party","start":1197.67,"end":1197.99},{"text":"to","start":1197.99,"end":1198.07},{"text":"the","start":1198.11,"end":1198.23},{"text":"Rome","start":1198.23,"end":1198.43},{"text":"Statute","start":1198.43,"end":1199.07},{"text":"and","start":1199.07,"end":1199.31},{"text":"we","start":1199.31,"end":1199.47},{"text":"don't","start":1199.47,"end":1199.79},{"text":"support","start":1199.79,"end":1200.19},{"text":"any","start":1200.19,"end":1200.51},{"text":"approximation","start":1200.51,"end":1201.23},{"text":"between","start":1201.23,"end":1201.79},{"text":"the","start":1202.11,"end":1202.27},{"text":"competence","start":1202.27,"end":1202.83},{"text":"of","start":1202.83,"end":1202.91},{"text":"the","start":1202.91,"end":1202.99},{"text":"International","start":1202.99,"end":1203.71},{"text":"Criminal","start":1203.71,"end":1204.15},{"text":"Court","start":1204.15,"end":1204.67},{"text":"over","start":1204.67,"end":1205.07},{"text":"its","start":1205.07,"end":1205.31},{"text":"member","start":1205.31,"end":1205.67},{"text":"states","start":1205.67,"end":1206.19},{"text":"and","start":1206.19,"end":1206.59},{"text":"universal","start":1206.71,"end":1207.15},{"text":"jurisdiction.","start":1207.15,"end":1207.79}]},{"text":"I thank you.","start":1208.27,"end":1208.83,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":1208.27,"end":1208.43},{"text":"thank","start":1208.43,"end":1208.67},{"text":"you.","start":1208.67,"end":1208.83}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"ETH","affiliation_full":"Ethiopia","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":9,"start":1210.79,"pageUrl":"/en/ga/c6/80/23?t=1211","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank you and I am now giving the floor to the representative of the observer delegation of the State of Palestine.","start":1210.79,"end":1217.83,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":1210.79,"end":1210.95},{"text":"thank","start":1210.95,"end":1211.35},{"text":"you","start":1211.35,"end":1211.67},{"text":"and","start":1211.75,"end":1212.23},{"text":"I","start":1212.47,"end":1212.63},{"text":"am","start":1212.63,"end":1212.79},{"text":"now","start":1212.79,"end":1213.03},{"text":"giving","start":1213.03,"end":1213.39},{"text":"the","start":1213.39,"end":1213.51},{"text":"floor","start":1213.51,"end":1214.07},{"text":"to","start":1214.07,"end":1214.23},{"text":"the","start":1214.23,"end":1214.31},{"text":"representative","start":1214.31,"end":1215.27},{"text":"of","start":1215.27,"end":1215.43},{"text":"the","start":1215.47,"end":1215.63},{"text":"observer","start":1215.63,"end":1216.07},{"text":"delegation","start":1216.07,"end":1216.63},{"text":"of","start":1216.63,"end":1216.71},{"text":"the","start":1216.71,"end":1216.83},{"text":"State","start":1216.83,"end":1217.07},{"text":"of","start":1217.07,"end":1217.19},{"text":"Palestine.","start":1217.19,"end":1217.83}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"6th Committee","affiliation_full":"6th Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":10,"start":1221.11,"pageUrl":"/en/ga/c6/80/23?t=1222","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Sir Chair, we thank the Secretary-General for his report.","start":1221.11,"end":1225.11,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Sir","start":1221.11,"end":1221.27},{"text":"Chair,","start":1221.27,"end":1221.67},{"text":"we","start":1222.15,"end":1222.47},{"text":"thank","start":1222.47,"end":1222.75},{"text":"the","start":1222.75,"end":1222.83},{"text":"Secretary-General","start":1222.83,"end":1223.91},{"text":"for","start":1223.91,"end":1224.15},{"text":"his","start":1224.15,"end":1224.47},{"text":"report.","start":1224.47,"end":1225.11}]},{"text":"Impunity for grave breaches and serious crimes threaten international peace and security and undermine our international law-based order.","start":1225.67,"end":1233.59,"topics":[{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."}],"words":[{"text":"Impunity","start":1225.67,"end":1226.39},{"text":"for","start":1226.39,"end":1226.63},{"text":"grave","start":1226.63,"end":1226.99},{"text":"breaches","start":1226.99,"end":1227.51},{"text":"and","start":1227.51,"end":1227.67},{"text":"serious","start":1227.67,"end":1227.99},{"text":"crimes","start":1227.99,"end":1228.47},{"text":"threaten","start":1228.47,"end":1228.95},{"text":"international","start":1228.95,"end":1229.75},{"text":"peace","start":1229.75,"end":1229.99},{"text":"and","start":1229.99,"end":1230.15},{"text":"security","start":1230.15,"end":1230.79},{"text":"and","start":1230.79,"end":1230.95},{"text":"undermine","start":1230.95,"end":1231.51},{"text":"our","start":1231.51,"end":1231.75},{"text":"international","start":1231.75,"end":1232.71},{"text":"law-based","start":1232.71,"end":1233.11},{"text":"order.","start":1233.11,"end":1233.59}]},{"text":"Accountability is indispensable to preserve the rule of international law and to advance peace.","start":1234.07,"end":1239.19,"topics":[{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."}],"words":[{"text":"Accountability","start":1234.07,"end":1234.95},{"text":"is","start":1234.95,"end":1235.11},{"text":"indispensable","start":1235.11,"end":1235.91},{"text":"to","start":1235.91,"end":1236.07},{"text":"preserve","start":1236.07,"end":1236.55},{"text":"the","start":1236.55,"end":1236.63},{"text":"rule","start":1236.63,"end":1236.87},{"text":"of","start":1236.87,"end":1237.03},{"text":"international","start":1237.03,"end":1237.91},{"text":"law","start":1237.91,"end":1237.99},{"text":"and","start":1237.99,"end":1238.19},{"text":"to","start":1238.19,"end":1238.27},{"text":"advance","start":1238.27,"end":1238.79},{"text":"peace.","start":1238.79,"end":1239.19}]},{"text":"Despite decades of efforts in this regard, including the establishment of the International Criminal Court, victims still fear that justice is beyond reach and perpetrators still believe immunity is conferred.","start":1239.99,"end":1251.03,"topics":[{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. 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It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."}],"words":[{"text":"Our","start":1255.67,"end":1255.91},{"text":"political","start":1255.91,"end":1256.55},{"text":"and","start":1256.55,"end":1256.75},{"text":"historical","start":1256.75,"end":1257.23},{"text":"responsibility","start":1257.23,"end":1258.19},{"text":"is","start":1258.19,"end":1258.39},{"text":"also","start":1258.39,"end":1258.71},{"text":"not","start":1258.71,"end":1259.11},{"text":"to","start":1259.19,"end":1259.27},{"text":"turn","start":1259.27,"end":1259.75},{"text":"our","start":1259.75,"end":1259.99},{"text":"gaze","start":1259.99,"end":1260.27},{"text":"to","start":1260.27,"end":1260.39},{"text":"the","start":1260.39,"end":1260.47},{"text":"perpetrators.","start":1260.47,"end":1261.43}]},{"text":"Rooted in the Geneva Conventions and reaffirmed in international treaties prohibiting the most serious crimes, universal jurisdiction is essential to ensure rights of victims and effective judicial remedy, to combat impunity and to promote deterrence.","start":1262.71,"end":1275.99,"topics":[{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."}],"words":[{"text":"Rooted","start":1262.71,"end":1263.11},{"text":"in","start":1263.11,"end":1263.23},{"text":"the","start":1263.23,"end":1263.35},{"text":"Geneva","start":1263.35,"end":1263.71},{"text":"Conventions","start":1263.71,"end":1264.39},{"text":"and","start":1264.39,"end":1264.55},{"text":"reaffirmed","start":1264.55,"end":1265.03},{"text":"in","start":1265.03,"end":1265.11},{"text":"international","start":1265.11,"end":1265.79},{"text":"treaties","start":1265.79,"end":1266.31},{"text":"prohibiting","start":1266.31,"end":1266.79},{"text":"the","start":1266.79,"end":1266.91},{"text":"most","start":1266.91,"end":1267.15},{"text":"serious","start":1267.15,"end":1267.51},{"text":"crimes,","start":1267.51,"end":1267.91},{"text":"universal","start":1267.91,"end":1268.47},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":1268.47,"end":1269.11},{"text":"is","start":1269.11,"end":1269.39},{"text":"essential","start":1269.39,"end":1269.99},{"text":"to","start":1269.99,"end":1270.23},{"text":"ensure","start":1270.23,"end":1270.75},{"text":"rights","start":1270.75,"end":1270.95},{"text":"of","start":1270.95,"end":1271.11},{"text":"victims","start":1271.11,"end":1271.55},{"text":"and","start":1271.55,"end":1271.75},{"text":"effective","start":1271.75,"end":1272.23},{"text":"judicial","start":1272.23,"end":1272.63},{"text":"remedy,","start":1272.63,"end":1273.11},{"text":"to","start":1273.51,"end":1273.67},{"text":"combat","start":1273.67,"end":1274.07},{"text":"impunity","start":1274.07,"end":1274.71},{"text":"and","start":1274.71,"end":1274.87},{"text":"to","start":1274.87,"end":1274.95},{"text":"promote","start":1274.95,"end":1275.31},{"text":"deterrence.","start":1275.31,"end":1275.99}]},{"text":"It is precisely the horrific nature of these crimes concerned that justifies such universal jurisdiction.","start":1276.31,"end":1281.75,"topics":[{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":1276.31,"end":1276.39},{"text":"is","start":1276.39,"end":1276.55},{"text":"precisely","start":1276.55,"end":1277.11},{"text":"the","start":1277.11,"end":1277.27},{"text":"horrific","start":1277.27,"end":1277.67},{"text":"nature","start":1277.67,"end":1278.03},{"text":"of","start":1278.03,"end":1278.15},{"text":"these","start":1278.15,"end":1278.39},{"text":"crimes","start":1278.39,"end":1278.71},{"text":"concerned","start":1278.71,"end":1279.15},{"text":"that","start":1279.15,"end":1279.31},{"text":"justifies","start":1279.31,"end":1279.87},{"text":"such","start":1279.87,"end":1280.23},{"text":"universal","start":1280.23,"end":1280.95},{"text":"jurisdiction.","start":1280.95,"end":1281.75}]},{"text":"Universal jurisdiction is an established component of international law.","start":1283.23,"end":1286.67,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"Universal","start":1283.23,"end":1283.79},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":1283.79,"end":1284.35},{"text":"is","start":1284.35,"end":1284.47},{"text":"an","start":1284.47,"end":1284.59},{"text":"established","start":1284.59,"end":1285.15},{"text":"component","start":1285.15,"end":1285.71},{"text":"of","start":1285.71,"end":1285.79},{"text":"international","start":1285.79,"end":1286.59},{"text":"law.","start":1286.59,"end":1286.67}]},{"text":"It overcomes the jurisdictional gaps in our international legal order.","start":1287.15,"end":1290.75,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":1287.15,"end":1287.39},{"text":"overcomes","start":1287.39,"end":1287.91},{"text":"the","start":1287.91,"end":1288.03},{"text":"jurisdictional","start":1288.03,"end":1288.75},{"text":"gaps","start":1288.75,"end":1289.03},{"text":"in","start":1289.03,"end":1289.15},{"text":"our","start":1289.15,"end":1289.31},{"text":"international","start":1289.31,"end":1290.03},{"text":"legal","start":1290.03,"end":1290.35},{"text":"order.","start":1290.35,"end":1290.75}]},{"text":"It is a stepping stone towards universal justice.","start":1291.07,"end":1293.71,"topics":[{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":1291.07,"end":1291.23},{"text":"is","start":1291.23,"end":1291.39},{"text":"a","start":1291.39,"end":1291.43},{"text":"stepping","start":1291.43,"end":1291.87},{"text":"stone","start":1291.87,"end":1292.19},{"text":"towards","start":1292.19,"end":1292.59},{"text":"universal","start":1292.59,"end":1293.15},{"text":"justice.","start":1293.15,"end":1293.71}]},{"text":"We have the power and the responsibility to promote, advance, and seek universal jurisdiction.","start":1294.03,"end":1298.83,"topics":[{"key":"cooperation-and-national-capacity","label":"International Cooperation and National Capacity","description":"A recurring topic was the need to strengthen domestic justice systems and expand cooperation through extradition, mutual legal assistance, and judicial coordination. Delegations argued that stronger national capacity and better interstate cooperation are essential both to combat impunity and to reduce overreliance on universal jurisdiction."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":1294.03,"end":1294.19},{"text":"have","start":1294.19,"end":1294.39},{"text":"the","start":1294.39,"end":1294.51},{"text":"power","start":1294.51,"end":1294.91},{"text":"and","start":1294.91,"end":1295.07},{"text":"the","start":1295.07,"end":1295.15},{"text":"responsibility","start":1295.15,"end":1295.95},{"text":"to","start":1295.95,"end":1296.07},{"text":"promote,","start":1296.07,"end":1296.59},{"text":"advance,","start":1296.59,"end":1297.07},{"text":"and","start":1297.07,"end":1297.23},{"text":"seek","start":1297.23,"end":1297.55},{"text":"universal","start":1297.55,"end":1298.11},{"text":"jurisdiction.","start":1298.11,"end":1298.83}]},{"text":"However, international justice struggles to hold weight against the decades of legal rhetoric and human rights discourse that have failed to materialize into anything tangible for the Palestinian people.","start":1299.39,"end":1310.19,"topics":[{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."}],"words":[{"text":"However,","start":1299.39,"end":1300.11},{"text":"international","start":1300.67,"end":1301.39},{"text":"justice","start":1301.39,"end":1301.79},{"text":"struggles","start":1301.79,"end":1302.35},{"text":"to","start":1302.35,"end":1302.51},{"text":"hold","start":1302.51,"end":1302.91},{"text":"weight","start":1302.91,"end":1303.23},{"text":"against","start":1303.23,"end":1303.59},{"text":"the","start":1303.59,"end":1303.71},{"text":"decades","start":1303.71,"end":1304.07},{"text":"of","start":1304.07,"end":1304.23},{"text":"legal","start":1304.23,"end":1304.51},{"text":"rhetoric","start":1304.51,"end":1304.99},{"text":"and","start":1304.99,"end":1305.11},{"text":"human","start":1305.11,"end":1305.39},{"text":"rights","start":1305.39,"end":1305.71},{"text":"discourse","start":1305.71,"end":1306.15},{"text":"that","start":1306.15,"end":1306.27},{"text":"have","start":1306.27,"end":1306.47},{"text":"failed","start":1306.47,"end":1306.83},{"text":"to","start":1306.83,"end":1306.91},{"text":"materialize","start":1306.91,"end":1307.59},{"text":"into","start":1307.59,"end":1307.83},{"text":"anything","start":1307.83,"end":1308.27},{"text":"tangible","start":1308.27,"end":1308.75},{"text":"for","start":1308.75,"end":1308.91},{"text":"the","start":1308.91,"end":1308.99},{"text":"Palestinian","start":1308.99,"end":1309.63},{"text":"people.","start":1309.63,"end":1310.19}]},{"text":"The State of Palestine deplores the politicization of international justice and the repeated efforts to thwart in front of both domestic courts and international courts the pursuit of justice for serious crimes committed against the Palestinian people.","start":1310.95,"end":1324.07,"topics":[{"key":"politicization-and-selective-use","label":"Politicization and Selective Use","description":"A widely shared concern was that universal jurisdiction can be abused for political, discriminatory, or selective purposes. Delegations warned against using domestic courts to target foreign officials or advance geopolitical agendas under the banner of justice."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1310.95,"end":1311.07},{"text":"State","start":1311.07,"end":1311.35},{"text":"of","start":1311.35,"end":1311.43},{"text":"Palestine","start":1311.43,"end":1311.91},{"text":"deplores","start":1311.91,"end":1312.47},{"text":"the","start":1312.47,"end":1312.55},{"text":"politicization","start":1312.55,"end":1313.55},{"text":"of","start":1313.55,"end":1313.67},{"text":"international","start":1313.67,"end":1314.35},{"text":"justice","start":1314.35,"end":1314.79},{"text":"and","start":1314.79,"end":1314.91},{"text":"the","start":1314.91,"end":1314.99},{"text":"repeated","start":1314.99,"end":1315.51},{"text":"efforts","start":1315.51,"end":1315.99},{"text":"to","start":1315.99,"end":1316.11},{"text":"thwart","start":1316.11,"end":1316.63},{"text":"in","start":1316.63,"end":1316.79},{"text":"front","start":1316.79,"end":1317.07},{"text":"of","start":1317.07,"end":1317.19},{"text":"both","start":1317.19,"end":1317.51},{"text":"domestic","start":1317.51,"end":1318.03},{"text":"courts","start":1318.03,"end":1318.31},{"text":"and","start":1318.31,"end":1318.55},{"text":"international","start":1318.55,"end":1319.19},{"text":"courts","start":1319.19,"end":1319.67},{"text":"the","start":1320.07,"end":1320.23},{"text":"pursuit","start":1320.23,"end":1320.71},{"text":"of","start":1320.71,"end":1320.79},{"text":"justice","start":1320.79,"end":1321.19},{"text":"for","start":1321.19,"end":1321.43},{"text":"serious","start":1321.43,"end":1321.75},{"text":"crimes","start":1321.75,"end":1322.11},{"text":"committed","start":1322.11,"end":1322.51},{"text":"against","start":1322.51,"end":1322.83},{"text":"the","start":1322.83,"end":1322.91},{"text":"Palestinian","start":1322.91,"end":1323.51},{"text":"people.","start":1323.51,"end":1324.07}]},{"text":"Year after year, the Palestinian people have spoken, declared, and documented Israel's war crimes, crimes against humanity, and genocide.","start":1325.51,"end":1332.23,"topics":[{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."}],"words":[{"text":"Year","start":1325.51,"end":1325.71},{"text":"after","start":1325.71,"end":1325.99},{"text":"year,","start":1325.99,"end":1326.23},{"text":"the","start":1326.23,"end":1326.35},{"text":"Palestinian","start":1326.35,"end":1326.95},{"text":"people","start":1326.95,"end":1327.19},{"text":"have","start":1327.19,"end":1327.35},{"text":"spoken,","start":1327.35,"end":1327.91},{"text":"declared,","start":1327.91,"end":1328.43},{"text":"and","start":1328.43,"end":1328.59},{"text":"documented","start":1328.59,"end":1329.19},{"text":"Israel's","start":1329.19,"end":1329.67},{"text":"war","start":1329.67,"end":1329.91},{"text":"crimes,","start":1329.91,"end":1330.39},{"text":"crimes","start":1330.39,"end":1330.71},{"text":"against","start":1330.71,"end":1330.99},{"text":"humanity,","start":1330.99,"end":1331.43},{"text":"and","start":1331.43,"end":1331.63},{"text":"genocide.","start":1331.63,"end":1332.23}]},{"text":"Justice for Palestine was deferred, accountability for Israel was delayed, leading us to the worst crimes in modern history.","start":1332.71,"end":1339.59,"topics":[{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."}],"words":[{"text":"Justice","start":1332.71,"end":1333.07},{"text":"for","start":1333.07,"end":1333.27},{"text":"Palestine","start":1333.27,"end":1333.83},{"text":"was","start":1333.83,"end":1334.07},{"text":"deferred,","start":1334.07,"end":1334.63},{"text":"accountability","start":1334.87,"end":1335.59},{"text":"for","start":1335.59,"end":1335.83},{"text":"Israel","start":1335.83,"end":1336.23},{"text":"was","start":1336.23,"end":1336.51},{"text":"delayed,","start":1336.51,"end":1337.03},{"text":"leading","start":1337.19,"end":1337.59},{"text":"us","start":1337.59,"end":1337.67},{"text":"to","start":1337.67,"end":1337.83},{"text":"the","start":1337.83,"end":1337.95},{"text":"worst","start":1337.95,"end":1338.23},{"text":"crimes","start":1338.23,"end":1338.63},{"text":"in","start":1338.63,"end":1338.79},{"text":"modern","start":1338.79,"end":1339.11},{"text":"history.","start":1339.11,"end":1339.59}]},{"text":"This double standard stems from the same logic of selective justice where only some voices, some histories, and some laws are allowed to matter.","start":1340.47,"end":1348.55,"topics":[{"key":"politicization-and-selective-use","label":"Politicization and Selective Use","description":"A widely shared concern was that universal jurisdiction can be abused for political, discriminatory, or selective purposes. Delegations warned against using domestic courts to target foreign officials or advance geopolitical agendas under the banner of justice."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":1340.47,"end":1340.71},{"text":"double","start":1340.71,"end":1341.03},{"text":"standard","start":1341.03,"end":1341.51},{"text":"stems","start":1341.51,"end":1341.91},{"text":"from","start":1341.91,"end":1342.07},{"text":"the","start":1342.07,"end":1342.19},{"text":"same","start":1342.19,"end":1342.47},{"text":"logic","start":1342.47,"end":1342.95},{"text":"of","start":1342.95,"end":1343.11},{"text":"selective","start":1343.11,"end":1343.59},{"text":"justice","start":1343.59,"end":1344.23},{"text":"where","start":1344.23,"end":1344.47},{"text":"only","start":1344.47,"end":1344.79},{"text":"some","start":1344.79,"end":1345.11},{"text":"voices,","start":1345.11,"end":1345.67},{"text":"some","start":1345.67,"end":1345.99},{"text":"histories,","start":1345.99,"end":1346.71},{"text":"and","start":1346.71,"end":1346.87},{"text":"some","start":1346.87,"end":1347.11},{"text":"laws","start":1347.11,"end":1347.43},{"text":"are","start":1347.43,"end":1347.59},{"text":"allowed","start":1347.59,"end":1347.91},{"text":"to","start":1347.91,"end":1348.07},{"text":"matter.","start":1348.07,"end":1348.55}]},{"text":"It undermines the viability of Court of Law as vehicles for international justice, truth, and fairness, and further undermines the rule of international law and the purpose of an independent, impartial, and unbiased international justice.","start":1349.03,"end":1361.35,"topics":[{"key":"politicization-and-selective-use","label":"Politicization and Selective Use","description":"A widely shared concern was that universal jurisdiction can be abused for political, discriminatory, or selective purposes. Delegations warned against using domestic courts to target foreign officials or advance geopolitical agendas under the banner of justice."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":1349.03,"end":1349.19},{"text":"undermines","start":1349.19,"end":1349.75},{"text":"the","start":1349.75,"end":1349.87},{"text":"viability","start":1349.87,"end":1350.43},{"text":"of","start":1350.43,"end":1350.63},{"text":"Court","start":1350.63,"end":1350.87},{"text":"of","start":1350.87,"end":1351.03},{"text":"Law","start":1351.03,"end":1351.15},{"text":"as","start":1351.15,"end":1351.51},{"text":"vehicles","start":1351.51,"end":1351.91},{"text":"for","start":1351.91,"end":1352.03},{"text":"international","start":1352.03,"end":1352.71},{"text":"justice,","start":1352.71,"end":1353.19},{"text":"truth,","start":1353.19,"end":1353.51},{"text":"and","start":1353.51,"end":1353.67},{"text":"fairness,","start":1353.67,"end":1354.23},{"text":"and","start":1354.71,"end":1354.95},{"text":"further","start":1354.95,"end":1355.31},{"text":"undermines","start":1355.31,"end":1355.91},{"text":"the","start":1355.91,"end":1356.07},{"text":"rule","start":1356.07,"end":1356.31},{"text":"of","start":1356.31,"end":1356.39},{"text":"international","start":1356.39,"end":1357.07},{"text":"law","start":1357.07,"end":1357.23},{"text":"and","start":1357.23,"end":1357.35},{"text":"the","start":1357.35,"end":1357.43},{"text":"purpose","start":1357.43,"end":1357.83},{"text":"of","start":1357.83,"end":1357.91},{"text":"an","start":1357.91,"end":1358.07},{"text":"independent,","start":1358.07,"end":1358.71},{"text":"impartial,","start":1358.71,"end":1359.27},{"text":"and","start":1359.27,"end":1359.51},{"text":"unbiased","start":1359.51,"end":1360.11},{"text":"international","start":1360.11,"end":1360.75},{"text":"justice.","start":1360.75,"end":1361.35}]},{"text":"We need your unconditional support to ensure justice for Palestinian victims and hold accountable Israeli officials before international courts and your domestic courts.","start":1362.99,"end":1371.23,"topics":[{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."},{"key":"distinction-from-other-bases","label":"Distinction From Other Jurisdictional Bases","description":"Several speakers insisted that universal jurisdiction must be clearly distinguished from treaty-based obligations to extradite or prosecute, other forms of extraterritorial jurisdiction, and the jurisdiction of international criminal tribunals. They argued that conflating these concepts creates legal confusion and distorts state practice."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":1362.99,"end":1363.15},{"text":"need","start":1363.15,"end":1363.35},{"text":"your","start":1363.35,"end":1363.47},{"text":"unconditional","start":1363.47,"end":1364.23},{"text":"support","start":1364.23,"end":1364.63},{"text":"to","start":1364.63,"end":1364.71},{"text":"ensure","start":1364.71,"end":1364.99},{"text":"justice","start":1364.99,"end":1365.39},{"text":"for","start":1365.39,"end":1365.55},{"text":"Palestinian","start":1365.55,"end":1366.19},{"text":"victims","start":1366.19,"end":1366.67},{"text":"and","start":1366.67,"end":1366.79},{"text":"hold","start":1366.79,"end":1366.99},{"text":"accountable","start":1366.99,"end":1367.55},{"text":"Israeli","start":1367.55,"end":1367.95},{"text":"officials","start":1367.95,"end":1368.51},{"text":"before","start":1368.51,"end":1368.91},{"text":"international","start":1368.91,"end":1369.63},{"text":"courts","start":1369.63,"end":1369.95},{"text":"and","start":1369.95,"end":1370.11},{"text":"your","start":1370.11,"end":1370.27},{"text":"domestic","start":1370.27,"end":1370.75},{"text":"courts.","start":1370.75,"end":1371.23}]},{"text":"The State of Palestine looks forward to engage in a discussion on universal jurisdiction, its definition, scope, and application in order to advance its appropriate exercise in accordance with the principles of international law and in service of justice for victims of the most serious crimes of concern for humanity as a whole.","start":1371.79,"end":1388.19,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."},{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. 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Egypt.","start":1391.11,"end":1396.71,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":1391.11,"end":1391.35},{"text":"you","start":1391.35,"end":1391.59},{"text":"for","start":1391.59,"end":1391.87},{"text":"your","start":1391.87,"end":1392.07},{"text":"statement","start":1392.07,"end":1392.95},{"text":"and","start":1392.95,"end":1393.51},{"text":"I","start":1393.51,"end":1393.55},{"text":"am","start":1393.55,"end":1393.91},{"text":"now","start":1393.91,"end":1394.07},{"text":"giving","start":1394.07,"end":1394.39},{"text":"the","start":1394.39,"end":1394.55},{"text":"floor","start":1394.55,"end":1394.95},{"text":"to","start":1394.95,"end":1395.11},{"text":"the","start":1395.11,"end":1395.19},{"text":"representative","start":1395.19,"end":1395.95},{"text":"of","start":1395.95,"end":1396.15},{"text":"Egypt.","start":1396.15,"end":1396.71}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"6th Committee","affiliation_full":"6th Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":12,"start":1401.99,"pageUrl":"/en/ga/c6/80/23?t=1402","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Chair, Egypt aligns with the statements delivered on behalf of the Non-Aligned Movement, the African Group and by Brazil on behalf of a group of states and would like to add four brief points in its national capacity.","start":1401.99,"end":1418.23,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Chair,","start":1401.99,"end":1402.47},{"text":"Egypt","start":1403.83,"end":1404.23},{"text":"aligns","start":1404.23,"end":1404.79},{"text":"with","start":1404.79,"end":1404.91},{"text":"the","start":1404.91,"end":1405.03},{"text":"statements","start":1405.03,"end":1405.71},{"text":"delivered","start":1405.71,"end":1406.31},{"text":"on","start":1406.47,"end":1406.67},{"text":"behalf","start":1406.67,"end":1406.99},{"text":"of","start":1406.99,"end":1407.11},{"text":"the","start":1407.11,"end":1407.27},{"text":"Non-Aligned","start":1407.27,"end":1407.79},{"text":"Movement,","start":1407.79,"end":1408.31},{"text":"the","start":1408.55,"end":1408.67},{"text":"African","start":1408.71,"end":1409.27},{"text":"Group","start":1409.27,"end":1409.75},{"text":"and","start":1410.07,"end":1410.35},{"text":"by","start":1410.35,"end":1410.55},{"text":"Brazil","start":1410.55,"end":1411.27},{"text":"on","start":1411.35,"end":1411.59},{"text":"behalf","start":1411.59,"end":1411.99},{"text":"of","start":1412.03,"end":1412.15},{"text":"a","start":1412.15,"end":1412.19},{"text":"group","start":1412.19,"end":1412.55},{"text":"of","start":1412.55,"end":1412.63},{"text":"states","start":1412.63,"end":1413.19},{"text":"and","start":1414.03,"end":1414.15},{"text":"would","start":1414.15,"end":1414.27},{"text":"like","start":1414.27,"end":1414.47},{"text":"to","start":1414.47,"end":1414.63},{"text":"add","start":1414.63,"end":1415.03},{"text":"four","start":1415.03,"end":1415.67},{"text":"brief","start":1415.67,"end":1415.99},{"text":"points","start":1415.99,"end":1416.55},{"text":"in","start":1416.63,"end":1416.79},{"text":"its","start":1416.79,"end":1417.03},{"text":"national","start":1417.03,"end":1417.47},{"text":"capacity.","start":1417.47,"end":1418.23}]},{"text":"First, Egypt reaffirms its commitment to the fight against impunity, especially for offenses that amount to international crimes.","start":1418.95,"end":1429.11,"topics":[{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."}],"words":[{"text":"First,","start":1418.95,"end":1419.59},{"text":"Egypt","start":1420.55,"end":1421.03},{"text":"reaffirms","start":1421.03,"end":1421.91},{"text":"its","start":1421.91,"end":1422.07},{"text":"commitment","start":1422.07,"end":1422.91},{"text":"to","start":1422.91,"end":1422.99},{"text":"the","start":1422.99,"end":1423.07},{"text":"fight","start":1423.07,"end":1423.43},{"text":"against","start":1423.43,"end":1423.99},{"text":"impunity,","start":1423.99,"end":1424.63},{"text":"especially","start":1424.95,"end":1425.75},{"text":"for","start":1425.75,"end":1426.11},{"text":"offenses","start":1426.11,"end":1426.87},{"text":"that","start":1426.95,"end":1427.11},{"text":"amount","start":1427.11,"end":1427.71},{"text":"to","start":1427.71,"end":1427.79},{"text":"international","start":1427.79,"end":1428.47},{"text":"crimes.","start":1428.47,"end":1429.11}]},{"text":"Second, Egypt underscores the primacy of the principle of territoriality.","start":1429.91,"end":1436.15,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiarity-and-last-resort","label":"Subsidiarity and Last Resort","description":"Numerous speakers argued that universal jurisdiction should be secondary to territorial, nationality-based, or other closer jurisdictional links. In this view, it should be used only when the state with primary jurisdiction is unwilling or unable genuinely to investigate and prosecute."}],"words":[{"text":"Second,","start":1429.91,"end":1430.55},{"text":"Egypt","start":1431.19,"end":1431.59},{"text":"underscores","start":1431.59,"end":1432.55},{"text":"the","start":1432.55,"end":1432.75},{"text":"primacy","start":1432.75,"end":1433.51},{"text":"of","start":1433.87,"end":1434.03},{"text":"the","start":1434.03,"end":1434.15},{"text":"principle","start":1434.15,"end":1434.91},{"text":"of","start":1434.91,"end":1435.03},{"text":"territoriality.","start":1435.03,"end":1436.15}]},{"text":"Universal jurisdiction remains a subsidiary and residual means for holding alleged offenders charged with the perpetration of international crimes if the territorial state or other relevant forum states such as those exercising active person jurisdiction are unable or unwilling to exercise jurisdiction.","start":1436.71,"end":1461.47,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiarity-and-last-resort","label":"Subsidiarity and Last Resort","description":"Numerous speakers argued that universal jurisdiction should be secondary to territorial, nationality-based, or other closer jurisdictional links. In this view, it should be used only when the state with primary jurisdiction is unwilling or unable genuinely to investigate and prosecute."}],"words":[{"text":"Universal","start":1436.71,"end":1437.35},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":1437.35,"end":1438.31},{"text":"remains","start":1438.47,"end":1439.03},{"text":"a","start":1439.11,"end":1439.15},{"text":"subsidiary","start":1439.15,"end":1440.23},{"text":"and","start":1440.31,"end":1440.63},{"text":"residual","start":1440.63,"end":1441.43},{"text":"means","start":1441.43,"end":1441.99},{"text":"for","start":1442.15,"end":1442.39},{"text":"holding","start":1442.39,"end":1442.95},{"text":"alleged","start":1442.95,"end":1443.51},{"text":"offenders","start":1443.51,"end":1444.39},{"text":"charged","start":1444.55,"end":1445.11},{"text":"with","start":1445.11,"end":1445.23},{"text":"the","start":1445.23,"end":1445.35},{"text":"perpetration","start":1445.35,"end":1446.31},{"text":"of","start":1446.35,"end":1446.47},{"text":"international","start":1446.47,"end":1447.11},{"text":"crimes","start":1447.11,"end":1447.91},{"text":"if","start":1448.43,"end":1448.71},{"text":"the","start":1448.71,"end":1448.83},{"text":"territorial","start":1448.83,"end":1449.63},{"text":"state","start":1449.63,"end":1450.03},{"text":"or","start":1450.35,"end":1450.67},{"text":"other","start":1450.67,"end":1451.19},{"text":"relevant","start":1451.19,"end":1451.67},{"text":"forum","start":1451.67,"end":1452.11},{"text":"states","start":1452.11,"end":1452.87},{"text":"such","start":1452.87,"end":1453.15},{"text":"as","start":1453.19,"end":1453.31},{"text":"those","start":1453.31,"end":1453.63},{"text":"exercising","start":1453.63,"end":1454.59},{"text":"active","start":1454.67,"end":1455.23},{"text":"person","start":1455.23,"end":1455.79},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":1455.79,"end":1456.59},{"text":"are","start":1457.15,"end":1457.39},{"text":"unable","start":1457.39,"end":1458.03},{"text":"or","start":1458.35,"end":1458.59},{"text":"unwilling","start":1458.59,"end":1459.23},{"text":"to","start":1459.55,"end":1459.67},{"text":"exercise","start":1459.67,"end":1460.59},{"text":"jurisdiction.","start":1460.67,"end":1461.47}]},{"text":"In this regard, Egypt recalls the view expressed by President Gilbert Guillaume in a separate opinion appended to the ICJ judgment in the arrest warrant case of 2002, quote, The adoption of the UN Charter proclaiming the sovereign equality of states and the appearance on the international scene of new states born of decolonization have strengthened the territorial principle.","start":1463.07,"end":1491.35,"topics":[{"key":"sovereignty-and-immunities","label":"Sovereignty and Immunities","description":"Many statements emphasized that the exercise of universal jurisdiction must respect sovereign equality, non-interference, territorial integrity, and the immunities of state officials under international law. Several delegations warned that ignoring these principles would damage interstate relations and the legitimacy of the legal system."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":1463.07,"end":1463.23},{"text":"this","start":1463.23,"end":1463.39},{"text":"regard,","start":1463.39,"end":1463.95},{"text":"Egypt","start":1464.19,"end":1464.51},{"text":"recalls","start":1464.51,"end":1465.23},{"text":"the","start":1465.23,"end":1465.31},{"text":"view","start":1465.31,"end":1465.87},{"text":"expressed","start":1466.27,"end":1467.15},{"text":"by","start":1467.15,"end":1467.31},{"text":"President","start":1467.31,"end":1467.87},{"text":"Gilbert","start":1467.87,"end":1468.43},{"text":"Guillaume","start":1468.43,"end":1468.99},{"text":"in","start":1469.55,"end":1469.75},{"text":"a","start":1469.75,"end":1469.79},{"text":"separate","start":1469.79,"end":1470.23},{"text":"opinion","start":1470.23,"end":1470.91},{"text":"appended","start":1470.91,"end":1471.55},{"text":"to","start":1471.55,"end":1471.63},{"text":"the","start":1471.63,"end":1471.83},{"text":"ICJ","start":1471.87,"end":1472.43},{"text":"judgment","start":1472.43,"end":1473.15},{"text":"in","start":1473.23,"end":1473.55},{"text":"the","start":1473.55,"end":1473.67},{"text":"arrest","start":1473.67,"end":1474.07},{"text":"warrant","start":1474.07,"end":1474.35},{"text":"case","start":1474.35,"end":1474.91},{"text":"of","start":1474.95,"end":1475.07},{"text":"2002,","start":1475.07,"end":1476.11},{"text":"quote,","start":1476.67,"end":1477.15},{"text":"The","start":1477.83,"end":1478.03},{"text":"adoption","start":1478.03,"end":1478.55},{"text":"of","start":1478.55,"end":1478.71},{"text":"the","start":1478.71,"end":1478.79},{"text":"UN","start":1478.79,"end":1479.19},{"text":"Charter","start":1479.19,"end":1479.75},{"text":"proclaiming","start":1479.83,"end":1480.55},{"text":"the","start":1480.55,"end":1480.67},{"text":"sovereign","start":1480.67,"end":1481.19},{"text":"equality","start":1481.19,"end":1481.83},{"text":"of","start":1481.83,"end":1481.91},{"text":"states","start":1481.91,"end":1482.55},{"text":"and","start":1482.91,"end":1483.07},{"text":"the","start":1483.07,"end":1483.15},{"text":"appearance","start":1483.19,"end":1483.91},{"text":"on","start":1483.91,"end":1483.99},{"text":"the","start":1483.99,"end":1484.11},{"text":"international","start":1484.11,"end":1484.79},{"text":"scene","start":1484.79,"end":1485.19},{"text":"of","start":1485.19,"end":1485.35},{"text":"new","start":1485.35,"end":1485.59},{"text":"states","start":1485.59,"end":1486.15},{"text":"born","start":1486.15,"end":1486.63},{"text":"of","start":1486.63,"end":1486.79},{"text":"decolonization","start":1486.79,"end":1487.99},{"text":"have","start":1488.63,"end":1488.87},{"text":"strengthened","start":1488.87,"end":1489.75},{"text":"the","start":1489.75,"end":1489.83},{"text":"territorial","start":1489.83,"end":1490.71},{"text":"principle.","start":1490.71,"end":1491.35}]},{"text":"International criminal law has itself undergone considerable development and constitutes today an impressive legal corpus.","start":1492.55,"end":1501.11,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"International","start":1492.55,"end":1493.27},{"text":"criminal","start":1493.27,"end":1493.79},{"text":"law","start":1493.79,"end":1493.91},{"text":"has","start":1493.91,"end":1494.23},{"text":"itself","start":1494.23,"end":1494.87},{"text":"undergone","start":1494.95,"end":1495.67},{"text":"considerable","start":1495.67,"end":1496.47},{"text":"development","start":1496.47,"end":1497.07},{"text":"and","start":1497.07,"end":1497.27},{"text":"constitutes","start":1497.27,"end":1498.07},{"text":"today","start":1498.07,"end":1498.71},{"text":"an","start":1498.91,"end":1499.07},{"text":"impressive","start":1499.07,"end":1499.83},{"text":"legal","start":1499.83,"end":1500.31},{"text":"corpus.","start":1500.31,"end":1501.11}]},{"text":"It recognizes in many situations the possibility or even the obligation of a state other than that on whose territory the offense was committed to confer jurisdiction on its courts to prosecute the authors of certain crimes where they are present on its territory.","start":1501.67,"end":1520.23,"topics":[{"key":"distinction-from-other-bases","label":"Distinction From Other Jurisdictional Bases","description":"Several speakers insisted that universal jurisdiction must be clearly distinguished from treaty-based obligations to extradite or prosecute, other forms of extraterritorial jurisdiction, and the jurisdiction of international criminal tribunals. They argued that conflating these concepts creates legal confusion and distorts state practice."},{"key":"procedural-safeguards","label":"Procedural Safeguards","description":"Many delegations called for procedural limits to ensure fair and disciplined use of universal jurisdiction. Frequently mentioned safeguards included the presence of the accused in the forum state, due process guarantees, prior consultation with concerned states, high-level prosecutorial review, and protection against duplicative proceedings."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":1501.67,"end":1501.83},{"text":"recognizes","start":1501.83,"end":1502.63},{"text":"in","start":1502.63,"end":1502.79},{"text":"many","start":1502.79,"end":1503.03},{"text":"situations","start":1503.03,"end":1503.83},{"text":"the","start":1503.83,"end":1503.99},{"text":"possibility","start":1503.99,"end":1504.87},{"text":"or","start":1504.87,"end":1505.19},{"text":"even","start":1505.19,"end":1505.47},{"text":"the","start":1505.47,"end":1505.59},{"text":"obligation","start":1505.59,"end":1506.47},{"text":"of","start":1506.91,"end":1507.07},{"text":"a","start":1507.07,"end":1507.11},{"text":"state","start":1507.11,"end":1507.75},{"text":"other","start":1507.91,"end":1508.31},{"text":"than","start":1508.31,"end":1508.47},{"text":"that","start":1508.47,"end":1508.95},{"text":"on","start":1508.95,"end":1509.19},{"text":"whose","start":1509.19,"end":1509.51},{"text":"territory","start":1509.51,"end":1510.23},{"text":"the","start":1510.23,"end":1510.43},{"text":"offense","start":1510.43,"end":1510.95},{"text":"was","start":1510.95,"end":1511.11},{"text":"committed","start":1511.11,"end":1511.67},{"text":"to","start":1511.91,"end":1512.11},{"text":"confer","start":1512.11,"end":1512.63},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":1512.63,"end":1513.67},{"text":"on","start":1513.67,"end":1513.83},{"text":"its","start":1513.83,"end":1513.99},{"text":"courts","start":1513.99,"end":1514.55},{"text":"to","start":1514.55,"end":1514.67},{"text":"prosecute","start":1514.67,"end":1515.39},{"text":"the","start":1515.39,"end":1515.47},{"text":"authors","start":1515.51,"end":1516.23},{"text":"of","start":1516.39,"end":1516.47},{"text":"certain","start":1516.47,"end":1516.95},{"text":"crimes","start":1516.95,"end":1517.67},{"text":"where","start":1517.95,"end":1518.39},{"text":"they","start":1518.39,"end":1518.51},{"text":"are","start":1518.51,"end":1518.63},{"text":"present","start":1518.63,"end":1519.19},{"text":"on","start":1519.19,"end":1519.35},{"text":"its","start":1519.35,"end":1519.51},{"text":"territory.","start":1519.51,"end":1520.23}]},{"text":"International criminal courts have also been created, but at no time has it been envisaged that jurisdiction should be conferred upon the courts of every state in the world to prosecute such crimes whoever their authors and victims, and irrespective of the place where the offender is to be found.","start":1520.95,"end":1543.51,"topics":[{"key":"distinction-from-other-bases","label":"Distinction From Other Jurisdictional Bases","description":"Several speakers insisted that universal jurisdiction must be clearly distinguished from treaty-based obligations to extradite or prosecute, other forms of extraterritorial jurisdiction, and the jurisdiction of international criminal tribunals. They argued that conflating these concepts creates legal confusion and distorts state practice."},{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"International","start":1520.95,"end":1521.91},{"text":"criminal","start":1521.91,"end":1522.23},{"text":"courts","start":1522.23,"end":1522.75},{"text":"have","start":1522.75,"end":1522.95},{"text":"also","start":1522.95,"end":1523.31},{"text":"been","start":1523.31,"end":1523.51},{"text":"created,","start":1523.51,"end":1524.23},{"text":"but","start":1524.71,"end":1525.27},{"text":"at","start":1525.83,"end":1526.15},{"text":"no","start":1526.15,"end":1526.39},{"text":"time","start":1526.39,"end":1527.03},{"text":"has","start":1527.03,"end":1527.35},{"text":"it","start":1527.35,"end":1527.51},{"text":"been","start":1527.51,"end":1527.91},{"text":"envisaged","start":1527.91,"end":1528.71},{"text":"that","start":1528.79,"end":1528.99},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":1528.99,"end":1529.91},{"text":"should","start":1529.91,"end":1530.15},{"text":"be","start":1530.15,"end":1530.31},{"text":"conferred","start":1530.31,"end":1530.95},{"text":"upon","start":1531.27,"end":1531.59},{"text":"the","start":1531.59,"end":1531.75},{"text":"courts","start":1531.75,"end":1532.23},{"text":"of","start":1532.23,"end":1532.47},{"text":"every","start":1532.47,"end":1532.95},{"text":"state","start":1532.95,"end":1533.35},{"text":"in","start":1533.51,"end":1533.71},{"text":"the","start":1533.71,"end":1533.83},{"text":"world","start":1533.83,"end":1534.19},{"text":"to","start":1534.19,"end":1534.39},{"text":"prosecute","start":1534.39,"end":1535.19},{"text":"such","start":1535.19,"end":1535.51},{"text":"crimes","start":1535.51,"end":1536.15},{"text":"whoever","start":1536.55,"end":1537.19},{"text":"their","start":1537.19,"end":1537.43},{"text":"authors","start":1537.43,"end":1537.87},{"text":"and","start":1537.87,"end":1537.99},{"text":"victims,","start":1537.99,"end":1538.67},{"text":"and","start":1538.67,"end":1538.91},{"text":"irrespective","start":1538.91,"end":1539.83},{"text":"of","start":1539.83,"end":1539.91},{"text":"the","start":1539.91,"end":1540.07},{"text":"place","start":1540.07,"end":1540.79},{"text":"where","start":1541.23,"end":1541.51},{"text":"the","start":1541.51,"end":1541.63},{"text":"offender","start":1541.63,"end":1542.31},{"text":"is","start":1542.47,"end":1542.63},{"text":"to","start":1542.63,"end":1542.79},{"text":"be","start":1542.79,"end":1542.95},{"text":"found.","start":1542.95,"end":1543.51}]},{"text":"To do this would, however, risk creating total judicial chaos.\"","start":1544.79,"end":1549.91,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"To","start":1544.79,"end":1544.95},{"text":"do","start":1544.95,"end":1545.19},{"text":"this","start":1545.19,"end":1545.59},{"text":"would,","start":1545.59,"end":1545.83},{"text":"however,","start":1545.83,"end":1546.55},{"text":"risk","start":1546.71,"end":1547.47},{"text":"creating","start":1547.47,"end":1548.15},{"text":"total","start":1548.15,"end":1548.63},{"text":"judicial","start":1548.63,"end":1549.19},{"text":"chaos.\"","start":1549.19,"end":1549.91}]},{"text":"End quote.","start":1550.31,"end":1550.95,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"End","start":1550.31,"end":1550.55},{"text":"quote.","start":1550.55,"end":1550.95}]},{"text":"Third, Egypt reaffirms that when considering the question of universal jurisdiction, it is imperative to operate on the basis of a proper definition of this concept.","start":1551.59,"end":1561.67,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"Third,","start":1551.59,"end":1552.07},{"text":"Egypt","start":1552.71,"end":1553.11},{"text":"reaffirms","start":1553.11,"end":1553.83},{"text":"that","start":1553.83,"end":1553.99},{"text":"when","start":1553.99,"end":1554.23},{"text":"considering","start":1554.23,"end":1554.87},{"text":"the","start":1554.87,"end":1554.95},{"text":"question","start":1554.95,"end":1555.51},{"text":"of","start":1555.51,"end":1555.59},{"text":"universal","start":1555.59,"end":1556.07},{"text":"jurisdiction,","start":1556.07,"end":1556.79},{"text":"it","start":1556.79,"end":1556.87},{"text":"is","start":1556.87,"end":1557.03},{"text":"imperative","start":1557.03,"end":1557.83},{"text":"to","start":1557.99,"end":1558.15},{"text":"operate","start":1558.15,"end":1558.63},{"text":"on","start":1558.63,"end":1558.79},{"text":"the","start":1558.79,"end":1558.91},{"text":"basis","start":1558.91,"end":1559.35},{"text":"of","start":1559.39,"end":1559.51},{"text":"a","start":1559.51,"end":1559.55},{"text":"proper","start":1559.55,"end":1560.07},{"text":"definition","start":1560.07,"end":1560.67},{"text":"of","start":1560.67,"end":1560.79},{"text":"this","start":1560.79,"end":1560.95},{"text":"concept.","start":1560.95,"end":1561.67}]},{"text":"In our view, a distinguishing feature of universal jurisdiction is that it entails the competence of a state to prosecute alleged offenders where other jurisdictional bases, including territorial, active or passive nationality, are unavailable.","start":1562.39,"end":1577.67,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiarity-and-last-resort","label":"Subsidiarity and Last Resort","description":"Numerous speakers argued that universal jurisdiction should be secondary to territorial, nationality-based, or other closer jurisdictional links. In this view, it should be used only when the state with primary jurisdiction is unwilling or unable genuinely to investigate and prosecute."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":1562.39,"end":1562.63},{"text":"our","start":1562.63,"end":1562.79},{"text":"view,","start":1562.79,"end":1563.27},{"text":"a","start":1563.27,"end":1563.31},{"text":"distinguishing","start":1563.31,"end":1564.19},{"text":"feature","start":1564.19,"end":1564.67},{"text":"of","start":1564.67,"end":1564.75},{"text":"universal","start":1564.75,"end":1565.27},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":1565.27,"end":1566.15},{"text":"is","start":1566.39,"end":1566.55},{"text":"that","start":1566.55,"end":1566.71},{"text":"it","start":1566.71,"end":1566.83},{"text":"entails","start":1566.83,"end":1567.31},{"text":"the","start":1567.31,"end":1567.43},{"text":"competence","start":1567.43,"end":1568.15},{"text":"of","start":1568.15,"end":1568.27},{"text":"a","start":1568.27,"end":1568.31},{"text":"state","start":1568.31,"end":1568.75},{"text":"to","start":1568.75,"end":1568.83},{"text":"prosecute","start":1568.83,"end":1569.59},{"text":"alleged","start":1569.59,"end":1570.03},{"text":"offenders","start":1570.03,"end":1570.71},{"text":"where","start":1570.91,"end":1571.27},{"text":"other","start":1571.27,"end":1571.51},{"text":"jurisdictional","start":1571.51,"end":1572.23},{"text":"bases,","start":1572.23,"end":1572.87},{"text":"including","start":1572.87,"end":1573.35},{"text":"territorial,","start":1573.35,"end":1574.23},{"text":"active","start":1574.47,"end":1574.99},{"text":"or","start":1574.99,"end":1575.11},{"text":"passive","start":1575.11,"end":1575.67},{"text":"nationality,","start":1575.67,"end":1576.47},{"text":"are","start":1576.79,"end":1576.99},{"text":"unavailable.","start":1576.99,"end":1577.67}]},{"text":"In other words, a hallmark of universal jurisdiction is the absence of any link between the crime and the prescribing state.","start":1578.31,"end":1585.91,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":1578.31,"end":1578.47},{"text":"other","start":1578.47,"end":1578.71},{"text":"words,","start":1578.71,"end":1579.03},{"text":"a","start":1579.11,"end":1579.15},{"text":"hallmark","start":1579.15,"end":1579.91},{"text":"of","start":1579.91,"end":1579.99},{"text":"universal","start":1579.99,"end":1580.55},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":1580.55,"end":1581.23},{"text":"is","start":1581.23,"end":1581.35},{"text":"the","start":1581.35,"end":1581.47},{"text":"absence","start":1581.51,"end":1582.19},{"text":"of","start":1582.19,"end":1582.39},{"text":"any","start":1582.47,"end":1582.71},{"text":"link","start":1582.71,"end":1583.19},{"text":"between","start":1583.43,"end":1583.87},{"text":"the","start":1583.87,"end":1583.99},{"text":"crime","start":1583.99,"end":1584.55},{"text":"and","start":1584.55,"end":1584.79},{"text":"the","start":1584.79,"end":1584.87},{"text":"prescribing","start":1584.87,"end":1585.51},{"text":"state.","start":1585.51,"end":1585.91}]},{"text":"Fourth, universal jurisdiction must not be conflated with other concepts such as out there out to the car.","start":1586.99,"end":1593.31,"topics":[{"key":"distinction-from-other-bases","label":"Distinction From Other Jurisdictional Bases","description":"Several speakers insisted that universal jurisdiction must be clearly distinguished from treaty-based obligations to extradite or prosecute, other forms of extraterritorial jurisdiction, and the jurisdiction of international criminal tribunals. They argued that conflating these concepts creates legal confusion and distorts state practice."}],"words":[{"text":"Fourth,","start":1586.99,"end":1587.63},{"text":"universal","start":1587.71,"end":1588.35},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":1588.35,"end":1588.91},{"text":"must","start":1588.91,"end":1589.19},{"text":"not","start":1589.19,"end":1589.47},{"text":"be","start":1589.47,"end":1589.63},{"text":"conflated","start":1589.63,"end":1590.19},{"text":"with","start":1590.19,"end":1590.35},{"text":"other","start":1590.35,"end":1590.67},{"text":"concepts","start":1590.67,"end":1591.39},{"text":"such","start":1591.39,"end":1591.55},{"text":"as","start":1591.55,"end":1591.79},{"text":"out","start":1591.79,"end":1591.95},{"text":"there","start":1591.95,"end":1592.27},{"text":"out","start":1592.51,"end":1592.63},{"text":"to","start":1592.63,"end":1592.71},{"text":"the","start":1592.75,"end":1592.87},{"text":"car.","start":1592.87,"end":1593.31}]},{"text":"The existence of an obligation to prosecute or extradite in certain treaty regimes is not supportive of claims supporting the emergence of a rule of universal jurisdiction in relation to international crimes.","start":1594.03,"end":1607.79,"topics":[{"key":"distinction-from-other-bases","label":"Distinction From Other Jurisdictional Bases","description":"Several speakers insisted that universal jurisdiction must be clearly distinguished from treaty-based obligations to extradite or prosecute, other forms of extraterritorial jurisdiction, and the jurisdiction of international criminal tribunals. They argued that conflating these concepts creates legal confusion and distorts state practice."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1594.03,"end":1594.19},{"text":"existence","start":1594.19,"end":1594.79},{"text":"of","start":1594.79,"end":1594.91},{"text":"an","start":1594.91,"end":1594.99},{"text":"obligation","start":1594.99,"end":1595.71},{"text":"to","start":1595.71,"end":1595.83},{"text":"prosecute","start":1595.83,"end":1596.55},{"text":"or","start":1596.55,"end":1596.67},{"text":"extradite","start":1596.67,"end":1597.31},{"text":"in","start":1597.31,"end":1597.55},{"text":"certain","start":1597.55,"end":1598.03},{"text":"treaty","start":1598.03,"end":1598.59},{"text":"regimes","start":1598.59,"end":1599.23},{"text":"is","start":1599.47,"end":1599.71},{"text":"not","start":1599.71,"end":1600.19},{"text":"supportive","start":1600.19,"end":1600.99},{"text":"of","start":1600.99,"end":1601.07},{"text":"claims","start":1601.07,"end":1601.55},{"text":"supporting","start":1601.55,"end":1602.19},{"text":"the","start":1602.19,"end":1602.31},{"text":"emergence","start":1602.31,"end":1602.99},{"text":"of","start":1603.35,"end":1603.55},{"text":"a","start":1603.63,"end":1603.67},{"text":"rule","start":1603.67,"end":1604.19},{"text":"of","start":1604.23,"end":1604.35},{"text":"universal","start":1604.35,"end":1604.91},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":1604.91,"end":1605.79},{"text":"in","start":1605.79,"end":1605.87},{"text":"relation","start":1605.87,"end":1606.43},{"text":"to","start":1606.43,"end":1606.55},{"text":"international","start":1606.55,"end":1607.15},{"text":"crimes.","start":1607.15,"end":1607.79}]},{"text":"Indeed, in a joint separate opinion by judges Higgins, Kooiman's and Bergenthal, also in the arrest warrant case of 2002, stated the following in relation to treaty regimes that established non-territorial bases for the exercise of jurisdiction, quote, these may properly be described as treaty based broad extraterritorial jurisdiction.","start":1608.55,"end":1634.47,"topics":[{"key":"distinction-from-other-bases","label":"Distinction From Other Jurisdictional Bases","description":"Several speakers insisted that universal jurisdiction must be clearly distinguished from treaty-based obligations to extradite or prosecute, other forms of extraterritorial jurisdiction, and the jurisdiction of international criminal tribunals. They argued that conflating these concepts creates legal confusion and distorts state practice."}],"words":[{"text":"Indeed,","start":1608.55,"end":1609.11},{"text":"in","start":1609.43,"end":1609.59},{"text":"a","start":1609.67,"end":1609.71},{"text":"joint","start":1609.71,"end":1610.15},{"text":"separate","start":1610.15,"end":1610.55},{"text":"opinion","start":1610.55,"end":1611.03},{"text":"by","start":1611.03,"end":1611.19},{"text":"judges","start":1611.19,"end":1611.83},{"text":"Higgins,","start":1611.91,"end":1612.55},{"text":"Kooiman's","start":1612.63,"end":1613.27},{"text":"and","start":1613.27,"end":1613.47},{"text":"Bergenthal,","start":1613.47,"end":1614.15},{"text":"also","start":1614.55,"end":1614.95},{"text":"in","start":1614.95,"end":1615.11},{"text":"the","start":1615.11,"end":1615.23},{"text":"arrest","start":1615.27,"end":1615.67},{"text":"warrant","start":1615.67,"end":1615.91},{"text":"case","start":1615.91,"end":1616.23},{"text":"of","start":1616.23,"end":1616.31},{"text":"2002,","start":1616.31,"end":1617.43},{"text":"stated","start":1617.83,"end":1618.31},{"text":"the","start":1618.31,"end":1618.47},{"text":"following","start":1618.47,"end":1619.11},{"text":"in","start":1619.11,"end":1619.27},{"text":"relation","start":1619.27,"end":1619.79},{"text":"to","start":1619.79,"end":1619.99},{"text":"treaty","start":1619.99,"end":1621.35},{"text":"regimes","start":1621.35,"end":1622.07},{"text":"that","start":1622.15,"end":1622.35},{"text":"established","start":1622.35,"end":1622.99},{"text":"non-territorial","start":1622.99,"end":1623.99},{"text":"bases","start":1623.99,"end":1624.71},{"text":"for","start":1624.87,"end":1625.11},{"text":"the","start":1625.11,"end":1625.23},{"text":"exercise","start":1625.27,"end":1625.95},{"text":"of","start":1625.95,"end":1626.07},{"text":"jurisdiction,","start":1626.07,"end":1626.79},{"text":"quote,","start":1626.87,"end":1627.27},{"text":"these","start":1627.83,"end":1628.23},{"text":"may","start":1628.23,"end":1628.47},{"text":"properly","start":1628.47,"end":1629.19},{"text":"be","start":1629.19,"end":1629.35},{"text":"described","start":1629.35,"end":1630.15},{"text":"as","start":1630.15,"end":1630.47},{"text":"treaty","start":1630.47,"end":1630.95},{"text":"based","start":1630.95,"end":1631.51},{"text":"broad","start":1631.67,"end":1632.39},{"text":"extraterritorial","start":1632.39,"end":1633.67},{"text":"jurisdiction.","start":1633.67,"end":1634.47}]},{"text":"In addition to these were the parallel provisions whereby a state party in whose jurisdiction the alleged perpetrator of such offenses is found shall prosecute him or extradite him.","start":1635.83,"end":1649.11,"topics":[{"key":"distinction-from-other-bases","label":"Distinction From Other Jurisdictional Bases","description":"Several speakers insisted that universal jurisdiction must be clearly distinguished from treaty-based obligations to extradite or prosecute, other forms of extraterritorial jurisdiction, and the jurisdiction of international criminal tribunals. They argued that conflating these concepts creates legal confusion and distorts state practice."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":1635.83,"end":1635.99},{"text":"addition","start":1635.99,"end":1636.47},{"text":"to","start":1636.47,"end":1636.55},{"text":"these","start":1636.55,"end":1636.87},{"text":"were","start":1636.87,"end":1637.11},{"text":"the","start":1637.11,"end":1637.23},{"text":"parallel","start":1637.23,"end":1637.83},{"text":"provisions","start":1637.83,"end":1638.63},{"text":"whereby","start":1638.67,"end":1639.39},{"text":"a","start":1639.39,"end":1639.43},{"text":"state","start":1639.43,"end":1639.99},{"text":"party","start":1640.07,"end":1640.63},{"text":"in","start":1640.95,"end":1641.19},{"text":"whose","start":1641.19,"end":1641.51},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":1641.51,"end":1642.31},{"text":"the","start":1642.31,"end":1642.43},{"text":"alleged","start":1642.47,"end":1643.11},{"text":"perpetrator","start":1643.35,"end":1644.15},{"text":"of","start":1644.39,"end":1644.55},{"text":"such","start":1644.55,"end":1644.91},{"text":"offenses","start":1644.91,"end":1645.59},{"text":"is","start":1645.59,"end":1645.75},{"text":"found","start":1645.75,"end":1646.31},{"text":"shall","start":1646.39,"end":1646.71},{"text":"prosecute","start":1646.71,"end":1647.51},{"text":"him","start":1647.51,"end":1647.83},{"text":"or","start":1647.83,"end":1648.07},{"text":"extradite","start":1648.07,"end":1648.79},{"text":"him.","start":1648.79,"end":1649.11}]},{"text":"By the loose use of language, the latter has come to be referred to universal jurisdiction, though this is really an obligatory territorial jurisdiction over persons albeit in relation to acts committed elsewhere.\"","start":1649.91,"end":1667.03,"topics":[{"key":"distinction-from-other-bases","label":"Distinction From Other Jurisdictional Bases","description":"Several speakers insisted that universal jurisdiction must be clearly distinguished from treaty-based obligations to extradite or prosecute, other forms of extraterritorial jurisdiction, and the jurisdiction of international criminal tribunals. They argued that conflating these concepts creates legal confusion and distorts state practice."}],"words":[{"text":"By","start":1649.91,"end":1650.23},{"text":"the","start":1650.23,"end":1650.35},{"text":"loose","start":1650.35,"end":1651.03},{"text":"use","start":1651.11,"end":1651.55},{"text":"of","start":1651.55,"end":1651.75},{"text":"language,","start":1651.75,"end":1652.47},{"text":"the","start":1652.63,"end":1652.79},{"text":"latter","start":1652.79,"end":1653.51},{"text":"has","start":1653.51,"end":1653.83},{"text":"come","start":1653.83,"end":1654.15},{"text":"to","start":1654.15,"end":1654.27},{"text":"be","start":1654.27,"end":1654.47},{"text":"referred","start":1654.47,"end":1654.95},{"text":"to","start":1654.95,"end":1655.15},{"text":"universal","start":1655.15,"end":1656.23},{"text":"jurisdiction,","start":1656.23,"end":1657.03},{"text":"though","start":1657.51,"end":1658.07},{"text":"this","start":1658.15,"end":1658.71},{"text":"is","start":1658.71,"end":1658.95},{"text":"really","start":1658.95,"end":1659.51},{"text":"an","start":1659.63,"end":1659.83},{"text":"obligatory","start":1659.83,"end":1660.71},{"text":"territorial","start":1660.71,"end":1661.51},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":1661.51,"end":1662.27},{"text":"over","start":1662.27,"end":1662.55},{"text":"persons","start":1662.55,"end":1663.27},{"text":"albeit","start":1663.75,"end":1664.31},{"text":"in","start":1664.31,"end":1664.47},{"text":"relation","start":1664.47,"end":1665.19},{"text":"to","start":1665.19,"end":1665.43},{"text":"acts","start":1665.43,"end":1665.91},{"text":"committed","start":1665.91,"end":1666.39},{"text":"elsewhere.\"","start":1666.39,"end":1667.03}]},{"text":"In short, and in conclusion, Egypt is of the view that treaty regimes establishing non-territorial forms of jurisdiction are not probative for the purpose of establishing a permissive rule of universal jurisdiction in international law.","start":1667.15,"end":1683.67,"topics":[{"key":"distinction-from-other-bases","label":"Distinction From Other Jurisdictional Bases","description":"Several speakers insisted that universal jurisdiction must be clearly distinguished from treaty-based obligations to extradite or prosecute, other forms of extraterritorial jurisdiction, and the jurisdiction of international criminal tribunals. They argued that conflating these concepts creates legal confusion and distorts state practice."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":1667.15,"end":1667.35},{"text":"short,","start":1668.39,"end":1668.95},{"text":"and","start":1669.67,"end":1669.83},{"text":"in","start":1669.83,"end":1669.91},{"text":"conclusion,","start":1669.91,"end":1670.47},{"text":"Egypt","start":1670.79,"end":1671.19},{"text":"is","start":1671.19,"end":1671.39},{"text":"of","start":1671.39,"end":1671.51},{"text":"the","start":1671.51,"end":1671.63},{"text":"view","start":1671.63,"end":1672.07},{"text":"that","start":1672.07,"end":1672.35},{"text":"treaty","start":1672.35,"end":1672.71},{"text":"regimes","start":1672.71,"end":1673.39},{"text":"establishing","start":1673.39,"end":1674.15},{"text":"non-territorial","start":1674.15,"end":1675.27},{"text":"forms","start":1675.27,"end":1675.71},{"text":"of","start":1675.71,"end":1675.83},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":1675.83,"end":1676.71},{"text":"are","start":1676.71,"end":1676.87},{"text":"not","start":1676.87,"end":1677.27},{"text":"probative","start":1677.27,"end":1678.07},{"text":"for","start":1678.23,"end":1678.47},{"text":"the","start":1678.47,"end":1678.55},{"text":"purpose","start":1678.55,"end":1679.11},{"text":"of","start":1679.11,"end":1679.23},{"text":"establishing","start":1679.23,"end":1679.99},{"text":"a","start":1680.07,"end":1680.11},{"text":"permissive","start":1680.11,"end":1680.95},{"text":"rule","start":1680.95,"end":1681.31},{"text":"of","start":1681.31,"end":1681.43},{"text":"universal","start":1681.43,"end":1681.99},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":1681.99,"end":1682.71},{"text":"in","start":1682.71,"end":1682.79},{"text":"international","start":1682.79,"end":1683.59},{"text":"law.","start":1683.59,"end":1683.67}]},{"text":"Thank 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Arabia.","start":1686.15,"end":1692.15,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":1686.15,"end":1686.47},{"text":"you","start":1686.47,"end":1686.63},{"text":"for","start":1686.63,"end":1686.79},{"text":"your","start":1686.79,"end":1686.95},{"text":"statement,","start":1686.95,"end":1687.83},{"text":"and","start":1687.83,"end":1688.31},{"text":"we","start":1688.31,"end":1688.51},{"text":"will","start":1688.51,"end":1688.63},{"text":"now","start":1688.63,"end":1688.87},{"text":"listen","start":1688.87,"end":1689.35},{"text":"to","start":1689.35,"end":1689.59},{"text":"the","start":1689.59,"end":1689.67},{"text":"statement","start":1689.67,"end":1690.19},{"text":"of","start":1690.19,"end":1690.31},{"text":"the","start":1690.31,"end":1690.43},{"text":"representative","start":1690.43,"end":1691.19},{"text":"of","start":1691.19,"end":1691.27},{"text":"Saudi","start":1691.27,"end":1691.63},{"text":"Arabia.","start":1691.63,"end":1692.15}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"6th Committee","affiliation_full":"6th Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":14,"start":1696.35,"pageUrl":"/en/ga/c6/80/23?t=1697","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Mr Chairman, ladies and gentlemen, may the peace of God be with you.","start":1696.35,"end":1704.63,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Mr","start":1696.35,"end":1697.35},{"text":"Chairman,","start":1698.79,"end":1699.19},{"text":"ladies","start":1699.51,"end":1699.83},{"text":"and","start":1699.83,"end":1700.03},{"text":"gentlemen,","start":1700.03,"end":1700.55},{"text":"may","start":1703.39,"end":1703.47},{"text":"the","start":1703.51,"end":1703.59},{"text":"peace","start":1703.59,"end":1703.83},{"text":"of","start":1703.83,"end":1703.91},{"text":"God","start":1703.91,"end":1704.07},{"text":"be","start":1704.07,"end":1704.23},{"text":"with","start":1704.23,"end":1704.47},{"text":"you.","start":1704.47,"end":1704.63}]},{"text":"At the outset, I would like to underscore that my country is participating in the work of your committee with great 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on the agenda item on the scope and application of the principle of universal jurisdiction.","start":1711.95,"end":1718.63,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"particularly","start":1711.95,"end":1712.71},{"text":"on","start":1712.71,"end":1713.03},{"text":"the","start":1713.03,"end":1713.19},{"text":"agenda","start":1713.51,"end":1714.15},{"text":"item","start":1714.15,"end":1714.63},{"text":"on","start":1715.19,"end":1715.35},{"text":"the","start":1715.35,"end":1715.47},{"text":"scope","start":1715.47,"end":1715.79},{"text":"and","start":1715.79,"end":1715.91},{"text":"application","start":1715.91,"end":1716.55},{"text":"of","start":1716.55,"end":1716.75},{"text":"the","start":1716.75,"end":1716.87},{"text":"principle","start":1716.87,"end":1717.27},{"text":"of","start":1717.27,"end":1717.35},{"text":"universal","start":1717.35,"end":1717.91},{"text":"jurisdiction.","start":1717.91,"end":1718.63}]},{"text":"As we participate in the work of this session and on previous sessions, we'd like to confirm that this agenda item over these years has always warranted the full attention.","start":1719.19,"end":1734.23,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"As","start":1719.19,"end":1719.47},{"text":"we","start":1719.47,"end":1719.63},{"text":"participate","start":1719.63,"end":1720.39},{"text":"in","start":1720.39,"end":1720.55},{"text":"the","start":1720.55,"end":1720.67},{"text":"work","start":1720.71,"end":1721.19},{"text":"of","start":1721.19,"end":1721.59},{"text":"this","start":1721.59,"end":1722.15},{"text":"session","start":1722.39,"end":1723.03},{"text":"and","start":1723.03,"end":1723.35},{"text":"on","start":1723.35,"end":1723.59},{"text":"previous","start":1723.59,"end":1724.11},{"text":"sessions,","start":1724.11,"end":1724.51},{"text":"we'd","start":1724.51,"end":1724.75},{"text":"like","start":1724.75,"end":1724.87},{"text":"to","start":1724.87,"end":1725.03},{"text":"confirm","start":1725.03,"end":1725.67},{"text":"that","start":1725.99,"end":1726.35},{"text":"this","start":1726.35,"end":1726.63},{"text":"agenda","start":1726.63,"end":1727.11},{"text":"item","start":1727.11,"end":1727.59},{"text":"over","start":1729.51,"end":1729.83},{"text":"these","start":1729.83,"end":1730.15},{"text":"years","start":1730.15,"end":1730.63},{"text":"has","start":1731.51,"end":1731.91},{"text":"always","start":1732.23,"end":1732.55},{"text":"warranted","start":1732.55,"end":1733.19},{"text":"the","start":1733.19,"end":1733.39},{"text":"full","start":1733.43,"end":1733.59},{"text":"attention.","start":1733.59,"end":1734.23}]},{"text":"of the application of the law.","start":1735.95,"end":1738.11,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"of","start":1735.95,"end":1736.35},{"text":"the","start":1736.75,"end":1736.91},{"text":"application","start":1737.07,"end":1737.67},{"text":"of","start":1737.67,"end":1737.75},{"text":"the","start":1737.75,"end":1737.83},{"text":"law.","start":1737.83,"end":1738.11}]},{"text":"We would like to thank the UN Secretary General for the reports submitted under the General Assembly resolutions on this item.","start":1738.35,"end":1747.63,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":1738.35,"end":1738.55},{"text":"would","start":1738.55,"end":1738.67},{"text":"like","start":1738.67,"end":1738.79},{"text":"to","start":1738.79,"end":1738.87},{"text":"thank","start":1738.87,"end":1739.23},{"text":"the","start":1739.31,"end":1739.47},{"text":"UN","start":1739.95,"end":1740.51},{"text":"Secretary","start":1740.51,"end":1740.91},{"text":"General","start":1740.91,"end":1741.31},{"text":"for","start":1741.31,"end":1741.63},{"text":"the","start":1741.63,"end":1741.79},{"text":"reports","start":1741.87,"end":1742.67},{"text":"submitted","start":1743.23,"end":1744.03},{"text":"under","start":1745.19,"end":1745.63},{"text":"the","start":1745.63,"end":1745.83},{"text":"General","start":1745.83,"end":1746.11},{"text":"Assembly","start":1746.11,"end":1746.51},{"text":"resolutions","start":1746.51,"end":1747.03},{"text":"on","start":1747.03,"end":1747.11},{"text":"this","start":1747.11,"end":1747.31},{"text":"item.","start":1747.31,"end":1747.63}]},{"text":"We have taken note of these reports.","start":1748.43,"end":1750.11,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":1748.43,"end":1748.55},{"text":"have","start":1748.55,"end":1748.67},{"text":"taken","start":1748.67,"end":1748.95},{"text":"note","start":1748.95,"end":1749.15},{"text":"of","start":1749.15,"end":1749.23},{"text":"these","start":1749.23,"end":1749.47},{"text":"reports.","start":1749.47,"end":1750.11}]},{"text":"We underscore the importance of the objective of this item, which is to combat impunity and to prosecute criminals to the extent possible.","start":1752.03,"end":1762.51,"topics":[{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":1752.03,"end":1752.23},{"text":"underscore","start":1752.23,"end":1752.83},{"text":"the","start":1752.83,"end":1752.95},{"text":"importance","start":1752.95,"end":1753.71},{"text":"of","start":1753.79,"end":1754.27},{"text":"the","start":1754.59,"end":1754.75},{"text":"objective","start":1754.83,"end":1755.55},{"text":"of","start":1755.55,"end":1755.63},{"text":"this","start":1755.63,"end":1755.95},{"text":"item,","start":1755.95,"end":1756.35},{"text":"which","start":1756.35,"end":1756.59},{"text":"is","start":1756.59,"end":1756.67},{"text":"to","start":1756.67,"end":1756.79},{"text":"combat","start":1756.79,"end":1757.23},{"text":"impunity","start":1757.23,"end":1757.95},{"text":"and","start":1758.75,"end":1759.07},{"text":"to","start":1759.07,"end":1759.27},{"text":"prosecute","start":1759.47,"end":1760.19},{"text":"criminals","start":1760.19,"end":1760.83},{"text":"to","start":1760.83,"end":1761.03},{"text":"the","start":1761.03,"end":1761.19},{"text":"extent","start":1761.31,"end":1761.95},{"text":"possible.","start":1761.95,"end":1762.51}]},{"text":"This means that all states and organizations must cooperate and do their utmost in order to achieve justice.","start":1763.15,"end":1770.19,"topics":[{"key":"cooperation-and-national-capacity","label":"International Cooperation and National Capacity","description":"A recurring topic was the need to strengthen domestic justice systems and expand cooperation through extradition, mutual legal assistance, and judicial coordination. Delegations argued that stronger national capacity and better interstate cooperation are essential both to combat impunity and to reduce overreliance on universal jurisdiction."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":1763.15,"end":1763.63},{"text":"means","start":1764.19,"end":1764.51},{"text":"that","start":1764.51,"end":1764.67},{"text":"all","start":1764.67,"end":1764.83},{"text":"states","start":1764.83,"end":1765.19},{"text":"and","start":1765.19,"end":1765.35},{"text":"organizations","start":1765.35,"end":1766.19},{"text":"must","start":1766.19,"end":1766.51},{"text":"cooperate","start":1766.51,"end":1767.23},{"text":"and","start":1767.31,"end":1767.59},{"text":"do","start":1767.59,"end":1767.79},{"text":"their","start":1767.79,"end":1768.03},{"text":"utmost","start":1768.03,"end":1768.51},{"text":"in","start":1768.51,"end":1768.67},{"text":"order","start":1768.67,"end":1768.87},{"text":"to","start":1768.87,"end":1769.07},{"text":"achieve","start":1769.07,"end":1769.51},{"text":"justice.","start":1769.51,"end":1770.19}]},{"text":"Legal proceedings that apply this principle must be clear in the use of criteria and necessary mechanisms to determine the type of crime that could be covered by this principle.","start":1770.91,"end":1783.79,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"Legal","start":1770.91,"end":1771.23},{"text":"proceedings","start":1771.23,"end":1772.03},{"text":"that","start":1772.03,"end":1772.43},{"text":"apply","start":1772.51,"end":1772.91},{"text":"this","start":1772.91,"end":1773.15},{"text":"principle","start":1773.15,"end":1773.79},{"text":"must","start":1773.79,"end":1774.19},{"text":"be","start":1774.19,"end":1774.43},{"text":"clear","start":1774.43,"end":1774.95},{"text":"in","start":1774.95,"end":1775.23},{"text":"the","start":1775.23,"end":1775.31},{"text":"use","start":1775.31,"end":1775.55},{"text":"of","start":1775.59,"end":1775.71},{"text":"criteria","start":1775.71,"end":1776.47},{"text":"and","start":1776.47,"end":1776.71},{"text":"necessary","start":1776.71,"end":1777.23},{"text":"mechanisms","start":1777.23,"end":1778.11},{"text":"to","start":1778.11,"end":1778.35},{"text":"determine","start":1778.43,"end":1779.31},{"text":"the","start":1779.63,"end":1779.79},{"text":"type","start":1779.79,"end":1780.15},{"text":"of","start":1780.27,"end":1780.59},{"text":"crime","start":1780.59,"end":1781.15},{"text":"that","start":1781.15,"end":1781.39},{"text":"could","start":1781.39,"end":1781.79},{"text":"be","start":1781.79,"end":1781.95},{"text":"covered","start":1781.95,"end":1782.43},{"text":"by","start":1782.43,"end":1782.75},{"text":"this","start":1782.75,"end":1782.99},{"text":"principle.","start":1782.99,"end":1783.79}]},{"text":"We wish to point to the substantive and form-based obstacles posed by a number of member states in this area.","start":1784.19,"end":1792.43,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":1784.19,"end":1784.43},{"text":"wish","start":1784.43,"end":1784.67},{"text":"to","start":1784.67,"end":1784.79},{"text":"point","start":1785.23,"end":1785.67},{"text":"to","start":1785.67,"end":1785.75},{"text":"the","start":1786.19,"end":1786.51},{"text":"substantive","start":1786.59,"end":1787.55},{"text":"and","start":1787.55,"end":1788.03},{"text":"form-based","start":1788.19,"end":1789.15},{"text":"obstacles","start":1789.15,"end":1789.87},{"text":"posed","start":1789.87,"end":1790.27},{"text":"by","start":1790.27,"end":1790.39},{"text":"a","start":1790.39,"end":1790.43},{"text":"number","start":1790.43,"end":1790.95},{"text":"of","start":1790.95,"end":1791.07},{"text":"member","start":1791.23,"end":1791.51},{"text":"states","start":1791.51,"end":1791.75},{"text":"in","start":1791.75,"end":1791.83},{"text":"this","start":1791.83,"end":1792.03},{"text":"area.","start":1792.03,"end":1792.43}]},{"text":"The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia understands the aim of this, we believe that we should not exceed the principles of the United Nations and international law here, that is the sovereignty of states and the immunity of state officials that they enjoy under international law and relations between states, the application of the principle of the scope of universal jurisdiction must be conducted following international mechanisms adopted here.","start":1792.67,"end":1826.91,"topics":[{"key":"sovereignty-and-immunities","label":"Sovereignty and Immunities","description":"Many statements emphasized that the exercise of universal jurisdiction must respect sovereign equality, non-interference, territorial integrity, and the immunities of state officials under international law. Several delegations warned that ignoring these principles would damage interstate relations and the legitimacy of the legal system."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1792.67,"end":1792.79},{"text":"Kingdom","start":1792.83,"end":1793.15},{"text":"of","start":1793.15,"end":1793.23},{"text":"Saudi","start":1793.23,"end":1793.59},{"text":"Arabia","start":1793.59,"end":1794.03},{"text":"understands","start":1796.91,"end":1797.75},{"text":"the","start":1798.03,"end":1798.19},{"text":"aim","start":1798.59,"end":1799.03},{"text":"of","start":1799.03,"end":1799.11},{"text":"this,","start":1799.11,"end":1799.47},{"text":"we","start":1799.47,"end":1799.71},{"text":"believe","start":1799.71,"end":1800.11},{"text":"that","start":1800.11,"end":1800.27},{"text":"we","start":1800.27,"end":1800.43},{"text":"should","start":1800.43,"end":1800.59},{"text":"not","start":1800.59,"end":1800.91},{"text":"exceed","start":1800.99,"end":1801.79},{"text":"the","start":1801.87,"end":1802.23},{"text":"principles","start":1802.23,"end":1802.99},{"text":"of","start":1802.99,"end":1803.07},{"text":"the","start":1803.07,"end":1803.19},{"text":"United","start":1803.19,"end":1803.51},{"text":"Nations","start":1803.51,"end":1804.07},{"text":"and","start":1804.07,"end":1804.19},{"text":"international","start":1804.19,"end":1805.15},{"text":"law","start":1805.15,"end":1805.23},{"text":"here,","start":1805.23,"end":1805.63},{"text":"that","start":1805.63,"end":1805.79},{"text":"is","start":1805.79,"end":1805.95},{"text":"the","start":1805.95,"end":1806.03},{"text":"sovereignty","start":1806.03,"end":1806.63},{"text":"of","start":1806.63,"end":1806.75},{"text":"states","start":1806.75,"end":1807.39},{"text":"and","start":1807.39,"end":1807.59},{"text":"the","start":1807.59,"end":1807.67},{"text":"immunity","start":1807.67,"end":1808.23},{"text":"of","start":1808.23,"end":1808.51},{"text":"state","start":1808.51,"end":1808.91},{"text":"officials","start":1808.91,"end":1809.55},{"text":"that","start":1809.87,"end":1810.03},{"text":"they","start":1810.03,"end":1810.39},{"text":"enjoy","start":1810.39,"end":1810.91},{"text":"under","start":1811.07,"end":1811.35},{"text":"international","start":1811.35,"end":1812.39},{"text":"law","start":1812.39,"end":1812.47},{"text":"and","start":1814.99,"end":1815.39},{"text":"relations","start":1816.47,"end":1816.87},{"text":"between","start":1816.87,"end":1817.19},{"text":"states,","start":1817.19,"end":1817.67},{"text":"the","start":1817.67,"end":1817.79},{"text":"application","start":1817.79,"end":1818.55},{"text":"of","start":1818.55,"end":1818.79},{"text":"the","start":1818.79,"end":1818.99},{"text":"principle","start":1818.99,"end":1819.75},{"text":"of","start":1819.75,"end":1819.91},{"text":"the","start":1819.91,"end":1819.99},{"text":"scope","start":1819.99,"end":1820.31},{"text":"of","start":1820.31,"end":1820.47},{"text":"universal","start":1820.47,"end":1820.87},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":1820.87,"end":1821.67},{"text":"must","start":1821.67,"end":1822.15},{"text":"be","start":1822.15,"end":1822.63},{"text":"conducted","start":1822.63,"end":1823.43},{"text":"following","start":1824.31,"end":1824.87},{"text":"international","start":1824.87,"end":1825.47},{"text":"mechanisms","start":1825.47,"end":1826.15},{"text":"adopted","start":1826.15,"end":1826.71},{"text":"here.","start":1826.71,"end":1826.91}]},{"text":"The violation of principles of the UN Charter and of international law does not allow us to achieve the stated aim, which is to combat impunity.","start":1826.91,"end":1844.95,"topics":[{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."},{"key":"sovereignty-and-immunities","label":"Sovereignty and Immunities","description":"Many statements emphasized that the exercise of universal jurisdiction must respect sovereign equality, non-interference, territorial integrity, and the immunities of state officials under international law. Several delegations warned that ignoring these principles would damage interstate relations and the legitimacy of the legal system."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1826.91,"end":1827.03},{"text":"violation","start":1827.03,"end":1827.91},{"text":"of","start":1827.91,"end":1828.39},{"text":"principles","start":1828.55,"end":1829.27},{"text":"of","start":1829.27,"end":1829.43},{"text":"the","start":1829.43,"end":1829.55},{"text":"UN","start":1829.55,"end":1829.91},{"text":"Charter","start":1829.91,"end":1830.43},{"text":"and","start":1830.43,"end":1830.63},{"text":"of","start":1830.63,"end":1830.71},{"text":"international","start":1830.71,"end":1831.95},{"text":"law","start":1831.95,"end":1832.03},{"text":"does","start":1837.23,"end":1837.43},{"text":"not","start":1837.43,"end":1838.39},{"text":"allow","start":1841.39,"end":1841.63},{"text":"us","start":1841.63,"end":1841.75},{"text":"to","start":1841.75,"end":1841.87},{"text":"achieve","start":1841.87,"end":1842.39},{"text":"the","start":1842.39,"end":1842.59},{"text":"stated","start":1842.63,"end":1843.03},{"text":"aim,","start":1843.03,"end":1843.23},{"text":"which","start":1843.23,"end":1843.51},{"text":"is","start":1843.51,"end":1843.59},{"text":"to","start":1843.59,"end":1843.75},{"text":"combat","start":1843.75,"end":1844.15},{"text":"impunity.","start":1844.15,"end":1844.95}]},{"text":"In fact, it leaves an open door to the politicisation of the judiciary.","start":1846.35,"end":1851.47,"topics":[{"key":"politicization-and-selective-use","label":"Politicization and Selective Use","description":"A widely shared concern was that universal jurisdiction can be abused for political, discriminatory, or selective purposes. Delegations warned against using domestic courts to target foreign officials or advance geopolitical agendas under the banner of justice."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":1846.35,"end":1846.59},{"text":"fact,","start":1846.59,"end":1846.91},{"text":"it","start":1846.91,"end":1847.47},{"text":"leaves","start":1847.71,"end":1848.03},{"text":"an","start":1848.03,"end":1848.11},{"text":"open","start":1848.11,"end":1848.51},{"text":"door","start":1848.51,"end":1848.91},{"text":"to","start":1848.91,"end":1849.11},{"text":"the","start":1849.15,"end":1849.23},{"text":"politicisation","start":1849.23,"end":1850.27},{"text":"of","start":1850.27,"end":1850.43},{"text":"the","start":1850.43,"end":1850.59},{"text":"judiciary.","start":1850.59,"end":1851.47}]},{"text":"We condemn any attempt to violate the UN Charter and international law by any state in its national legislation.","start":1851.47,"end":1859.87,"topics":[{"key":"sovereignty-and-immunities","label":"Sovereignty and Immunities","description":"Many statements emphasized that the exercise of universal jurisdiction must respect sovereign equality, non-interference, territorial integrity, and the immunities of state officials under international law. Several delegations warned that ignoring these principles would damage interstate relations and the legitimacy of the legal system."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":1851.47,"end":1852.11},{"text":"condemn","start":1852.11,"end":1852.55},{"text":"any","start":1852.55,"end":1852.75},{"text":"attempt","start":1852.75,"end":1853.35},{"text":"to","start":1853.35,"end":1853.47},{"text":"violate","start":1853.47,"end":1854.03},{"text":"the","start":1854.03,"end":1854.15},{"text":"UN","start":1854.15,"end":1854.43},{"text":"Charter","start":1854.43,"end":1855.07},{"text":"and","start":1855.07,"end":1855.27},{"text":"international","start":1855.27,"end":1856.31},{"text":"law","start":1856.31,"end":1856.39},{"text":"by","start":1856.39,"end":1856.67},{"text":"any","start":1856.67,"end":1857.07},{"text":"state","start":1857.07,"end":1857.63},{"text":"in","start":1857.95,"end":1858.27},{"text":"its","start":1858.27,"end":1858.51},{"text":"national","start":1858.51,"end":1859.03},{"text":"legislation.","start":1859.03,"end":1859.87}]},{"text":"Legislation should not be recognised unless it is in accordance with the aforementioned principles.","start":1861.39,"end":1867.23,"topics":[{"key":"sovereignty-and-immunities","label":"Sovereignty and Immunities","description":"Many statements emphasized that the exercise of universal jurisdiction must respect sovereign equality, non-interference, territorial integrity, and the immunities of state officials under international law. Several delegations warned that ignoring these principles would damage interstate relations and the legitimacy of the legal system."}],"words":[{"text":"Legislation","start":1861.39,"end":1862.03},{"text":"should","start":1862.03,"end":1862.31},{"text":"not","start":1862.31,"end":1862.51},{"text":"be","start":1862.59,"end":1862.99},{"text":"recognised","start":1862.99,"end":1863.71},{"text":"unless","start":1863.71,"end":1864.11},{"text":"it","start":1864.11,"end":1864.27},{"text":"is","start":1864.27,"end":1864.59},{"text":"in","start":1864.67,"end":1864.83},{"text":"accordance","start":1864.83,"end":1865.39},{"text":"with","start":1865.39,"end":1865.67},{"text":"the","start":1865.67,"end":1865.75},{"text":"aforementioned","start":1865.75,"end":1866.39},{"text":"principles.","start":1866.39,"end":1867.23}]},{"text":"It is also necessary to look closely at the judicial procedures adopted by States in their domestic legislation in light of differences between legal systems and ongoing proceedings in States.","start":1867.59,"end":1881.67,"topics":[{"key":"procedural-safeguards","label":"Procedural Safeguards","description":"Many delegations called for procedural limits to ensure fair and disciplined use of universal jurisdiction. Frequently mentioned safeguards included the presence of the accused in the forum state, due process guarantees, prior consultation with concerned states, high-level prosecutorial review, and protection against duplicative 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application of the principle of universal jurisdiction without this will not allow us to achieve its stated aim.","start":1881.99,"end":1890.47,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1881.99,"end":1882.11},{"text":"application","start":1882.15,"end":1882.95},{"text":"of","start":1882.95,"end":1883.11},{"text":"the","start":1883.11,"end":1883.31},{"text":"principle","start":1883.31,"end":1884.07},{"text":"of","start":1884.07,"end":1884.23},{"text":"universal","start":1884.23,"end":1884.83},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":1885.11,"end":1885.99},{"text":"without","start":1886.47,"end":1886.95},{"text":"this","start":1886.95,"end":1887.19},{"text":"will","start":1887.19,"end":1887.35},{"text":"not","start":1887.35,"end":1887.51},{"text":"allow","start":1887.51,"end":1887.83},{"text":"us","start":1887.83,"end":1887.91},{"text":"to","start":1887.91,"end":1888.11},{"text":"achieve","start":1888.11,"end":1888.63},{"text":"its","start":1889.27,"end":1889.59},{"text":"stated","start":1889.67,"end":1890.27},{"text":"aim.","start":1890.27,"end":1890.47}]},{"text":"We support the work of the working group established under the relevant resolution of the General Assembly 68/118.","start":1890.47,"end":1900.79,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":1890.47,"end":1890.87},{"text":"support","start":1890.87,"end":1891.31},{"text":"the","start":1891.31,"end":1891.43},{"text":"work","start":1891.43,"end":1891.75},{"text":"of","start":1891.75,"end":1891.91},{"text":"the","start":1891.91,"end":1892.11},{"text":"working","start":1892.11,"end":1892.63},{"text":"group","start":1892.63,"end":1892.99},{"text":"established","start":1893.59,"end":1894.31},{"text":"under","start":1894.31,"end":1894.71},{"text":"the","start":1894.71,"end":1894.91},{"text":"relevant","start":1894.91,"end":1895.31},{"text":"resolution","start":1895.31,"end":1895.99},{"text":"of","start":1895.99,"end":1896.07},{"text":"the","start":1896.07,"end":1896.23},{"text":"General","start":1896.23,"end":1896.63},{"text":"Assembly","start":1896.63,"end":1897.35},{"text":"68/118.","start":1897.35,"end":1900.79}]},{"text":"This provides that the working group should provide recommendations in the appropriate framework, including preparing a handbook in line with international norms to serve as a model to guarantee reconciliation between the noble aims of universal jurisdiction and the principle itself.","start":1902.23,"end":1927.03,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":1902.23,"end":1902.47},{"text":"provides","start":1902.47,"end":1903.11},{"text":"that","start":1903.11,"end":1903.51},{"text":"the","start":1903.51,"end":1903.75},{"text":"working","start":1903.75,"end":1904.07},{"text":"group","start":1904.07,"end":1904.31},{"text":"should","start":1904.31,"end":1904.43},{"text":"provide","start":1904.43,"end":1904.79},{"text":"recommendations","start":1904.79,"end":1906.15},{"text":"in","start":1906.71,"end":1906.95},{"text":"the","start":1906.95,"end":1907.11},{"text":"appropriate","start":1907.91,"end":1909.11},{"text":"framework,","start":1909.11,"end":1909.75},{"text":"including","start":1909.75,"end":1910.63},{"text":"preparing","start":1911.75,"end":1912.35},{"text":"a","start":1912.35,"end":1912.39},{"text":"handbook","start":1912.39,"end":1913.11},{"text":"in","start":1914.15,"end":1914.39},{"text":"line","start":1914.39,"end":1914.87},{"text":"with","start":1914.87,"end":1915.27},{"text":"international","start":1915.27,"end":1915.99},{"text":"norms","start":1915.99,"end":1916.55},{"text":"to","start":1916.87,"end":1916.99},{"text":"serve","start":1916.99,"end":1917.35},{"text":"as","start":1917.35,"end":1917.47},{"text":"a","start":1917.47,"end":1917.51},{"text":"model","start":1917.51,"end":1917.91},{"text":"to","start":1917.91,"end":1918.03},{"text":"guarantee","start":1918.03,"end":1919.19},{"text":"reconciliation","start":1920.23,"end":1921.19},{"text":"between","start":1921.19,"end":1921.91},{"text":"the","start":1922.15,"end":1922.43},{"text":"noble","start":1922.55,"end":1923.03},{"text":"aims","start":1923.03,"end":1923.51},{"text":"of","start":1923.51,"end":1923.75},{"text":"universal","start":1923.91,"end":1924.91},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":1924.91,"end":1925.43},{"text":"and","start":1925.43,"end":1925.63},{"text":"the","start":1925.63,"end":1925.75},{"text":"principle","start":1925.75,"end":1926.39},{"text":"itself.","start":1926.47,"end":1927.03}]},{"text":"We believe that anything that achieves justice under our national legislation and that is in accordance with our international obligations is particularly welcome.","start":1927.43,"end":1945.35,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":1927.43,"end":1927.59},{"text":"believe","start":1927.59,"end":1927.99},{"text":"that","start":1927.99,"end":1928.27},{"text":"anything","start":1928.27,"end":1928.95},{"text":"that","start":1929.99,"end":1930.23},{"text":"achieves","start":1930.47,"end":1931.03},{"text":"justice","start":1932.15,"end":1932.95},{"text":"under","start":1932.95,"end":1933.43},{"text":"our","start":1933.43,"end":1933.75},{"text":"national","start":1933.75,"end":1934.27},{"text":"legislation","start":1934.27,"end":1935.11},{"text":"and","start":1938.47,"end":1938.71},{"text":"that","start":1938.71,"end":1938.83},{"text":"is","start":1938.83,"end":1939.03},{"text":"in","start":1939.03,"end":1939.19},{"text":"accordance","start":1939.19,"end":1939.91},{"text":"with","start":1939.91,"end":1940.23},{"text":"our","start":1940.31,"end":1940.51},{"text":"international","start":1940.63,"end":1941.67},{"text":"obligations","start":1942.47,"end":1943.43},{"text":"is","start":1943.59,"end":1944.07},{"text":"particularly","start":1944.27,"end":1944.87},{"text":"welcome.","start":1944.87,"end":1945.35}]},{"text":"We also believe that we should look at how we can apply the principles of universal jurisdiction in line with international law to combat impunity.","start":1947.35,"end":1956.63,"topics":[{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":1947.35,"end":1947.59},{"text":"also","start":1947.59,"end":1947.87},{"text":"believe","start":1947.91,"end":1948.23},{"text":"that","start":1948.23,"end":1948.43},{"text":"we","start":1948.43,"end":1948.63},{"text":"should","start":1948.63,"end":1949.03},{"text":"look","start":1949.03,"end":1949.27},{"text":"at","start":1949.27,"end":1949.51},{"text":"how","start":1949.51,"end":1949.75},{"text":"we","start":1949.75,"end":1949.91},{"text":"can","start":1949.91,"end":1950.15},{"text":"apply","start":1950.15,"end":1950.87},{"text":"the","start":1950.87,"end":1950.99},{"text":"principles","start":1951.03,"end":1951.63},{"text":"of","start":1951.63,"end":1951.71},{"text":"universal","start":1951.71,"end":1952.23},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":1952.23,"end":1952.87},{"text":"in","start":1952.87,"end":1953.03},{"text":"line","start":1953.03,"end":1953.27},{"text":"with","start":1953.27,"end":1953.39},{"text":"international","start":1953.39,"end":1954.15},{"text":"law","start":1954.15,"end":1954.23},{"text":"to","start":1954.23,"end":1954.55},{"text":"combat","start":1955.67,"end":1956.07},{"text":"impunity.","start":1956.07,"end":1956.63}]},{"text":"Thank you.","start":1956.63,"end":1957.07,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":1956.63,"end":1956.95},{"text":"you.","start":1956.95,"end":1957.07}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"SAU","affiliation_full":"Saudi Arabia","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":15,"start":1959.03,"pageUrl":"/en/ga/c6/80/23?t=1960","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you.","start":1959.03,"end":1959.59,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":1959.03,"end":1959.35},{"text":"you.","start":1959.35,"end":1959.59}]},{"text":"And this statement will now be followed by the statement of the representative of India.","start":1959.67,"end":1964.55,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":1959.67,"end":1960.15},{"text":"this","start":1960.23,"end":1960.51},{"text":"statement","start":1960.51,"end":1961.03},{"text":"will","start":1961.03,"end":1961.19},{"text":"now","start":1961.19,"end":1961.35},{"text":"be","start":1961.35,"end":1961.51},{"text":"followed","start":1961.51,"end":1961.91},{"text":"by","start":1961.91,"end":1962.15},{"text":"the","start":1962.15,"end":1962.31},{"text":"statement","start":1962.31,"end":1962.75},{"text":"of","start":1962.75,"end":1962.87},{"text":"the","start":1962.87,"end":1962.95},{"text":"representative","start":1962.95,"end":1963.75},{"text":"of","start":1963.83,"end":1964.07},{"text":"India.","start":1964.07,"end":1964.55}]},{"text":"The floor is yours.","start":1965.03,"end":1965.91,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1965.03,"end":1965.15},{"text":"floor","start":1965.15,"end":1965.39},{"text":"is","start":1965.39,"end":1965.51},{"text":"yours.","start":1965.51,"end":1965.91}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"6th Committee","affiliation_full":"6th Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":16,"start":1968.43,"pageUrl":"/en/ga/c6/80/23?t=1969","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Mr. Chair.","start":1968.43,"end":1969.15,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":1968.43,"end":1968.59},{"text":"you,","start":1968.59,"end":1968.67},{"text":"Mr.","start":1968.67,"end":1968.95},{"text":"Chair.","start":1968.95,"end":1969.15}]},{"text":"India maintains the principal position that those who commit crimes must be brought to justice and punished.","start":1970.23,"end":1975.91,"topics":[{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."}],"words":[{"text":"India","start":1970.23,"end":1970.59},{"text":"maintains","start":1970.59,"end":1971.11},{"text":"the","start":1971.11,"end":1971.27},{"text":"principal","start":1971.27,"end":1971.67},{"text":"position","start":1971.67,"end":1972.23},{"text":"that","start":1972.23,"end":1972.47},{"text":"those","start":1972.71,"end":1972.99},{"text":"who","start":1972.99,"end":1973.11},{"text":"commit","start":1973.11,"end":1973.39},{"text":"crimes","start":1973.39,"end":1973.91},{"text":"must","start":1973.99,"end":1974.27},{"text":"be","start":1974.27,"end":1974.39},{"text":"brought","start":1974.39,"end":1974.67},{"text":"to","start":1974.67,"end":1974.75},{"text":"justice","start":1974.75,"end":1975.23},{"text":"and","start":1975.23,"end":1975.39},{"text":"punished.","start":1975.39,"end":1975.91}]},{"text":"A criminal should not go unpunished because of procedural technicalities including lack of jurisdiction.","start":1976.67,"end":1982.07,"topics":[{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."}],"words":[{"text":"A","start":1976.67,"end":1976.75},{"text":"criminal","start":1976.75,"end":1977.15},{"text":"should","start":1977.15,"end":1977.39},{"text":"not","start":1977.39,"end":1977.63},{"text":"go","start":1977.63,"end":1977.87},{"text":"unpunished","start":1977.87,"end":1978.43},{"text":"because","start":1978.43,"end":1978.83},{"text":"of","start":1978.83,"end":1978.99},{"text":"procedural","start":1978.99,"end":1979.55},{"text":"technicalities","start":1979.55,"end":1980.51},{"text":"including","start":1980.51,"end":1981.07},{"text":"lack","start":1981.07,"end":1981.31},{"text":"of","start":1981.31,"end":1981.39},{"text":"jurisdiction.","start":1981.39,"end":1982.07}]},{"text":"A state invoking universal jurisdiction claims to exercise jurisdiction over any offender irrespective of his or her nationality, place of commission of offence or any link between the state and the offender.","start":1982.99,"end":1995.47,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"A","start":1982.99,"end":1983.07},{"text":"state","start":1983.07,"end":1983.55},{"text":"invoking","start":1983.55,"end":1984.03},{"text":"universal","start":1984.03,"end":1984.51},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":1984.51,"end":1985.23},{"text":"claims","start":1985.47,"end":1985.83},{"text":"to","start":1985.83,"end":1985.91},{"text":"exercise","start":1985.91,"end":1986.35},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":1986.35,"end":1987.07},{"text":"over","start":1987.07,"end":1987.39},{"text":"any","start":1987.39,"end":1987.63},{"text":"offender","start":1987.63,"end":1988.15},{"text":"irrespective","start":1988.51,"end":1989.11},{"text":"of","start":1989.11,"end":1989.23},{"text":"his","start":1989.23,"end":1989.55},{"text":"or","start":1989.55,"end":1989.79},{"text":"her","start":1989.79,"end":1990.11},{"text":"nationality,","start":1990.11,"end":1990.91},{"text":"place","start":1991.31,"end":1991.59},{"text":"of","start":1991.59,"end":1991.71},{"text":"commission","start":1991.71,"end":1992.11},{"text":"of","start":1992.11,"end":1992.23},{"text":"offence","start":1992.23,"end":1992.75},{"text":"or","start":1993.07,"end":1993.15},{"text":"any","start":1993.27,"end":1993.55},{"text":"link","start":1993.55,"end":1993.83},{"text":"between","start":1993.87,"end":1994.27},{"text":"the","start":1994.27,"end":1994.35},{"text":"state","start":1994.35,"end":1994.75},{"text":"and","start":1994.75,"end":1994.95},{"text":"the","start":1994.95,"end":1995.03},{"text":"offender.","start":1995.03,"end":1995.47}]},{"text":"Crimes prosecuted under universal jurisdiction are considered crimes against all, too serious to tolerate jurisdictional arbitrage.","start":1996.19,"end":2003.91,"topics":[{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."}],"words":[{"text":"Crimes","start":1996.19,"end":1996.59},{"text":"prosecuted","start":1996.59,"end":1997.23},{"text":"under","start":1997.23,"end":1997.47},{"text":"universal","start":1997.47,"end":1997.87},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":1997.87,"end":1998.55},{"text":"are","start":1998.55,"end":1998.63},{"text":"considered","start":1998.63,"end":1999.11},{"text":"crimes","start":1999.11,"end":1999.47},{"text":"against","start":1999.47,"end":1999.87},{"text":"all,","start":1999.95,"end":2000.27},{"text":"too","start":2000.83,"end":2001.07},{"text":"serious","start":2001.07,"end":2001.47},{"text":"to","start":2001.47,"end":2001.67},{"text":"tolerate","start":2001.67,"end":2002.07},{"text":"jurisdictional","start":2002.07,"end":2002.67},{"text":"arbitrage.","start":2002.67,"end":2003.91}]},{"text":"It allows a state to investigate and prosecute a national of any state within their borders who is alleged to have committed certain serious crimes.","start":2005.07,"end":2012.75,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":2005.07,"end":2005.31},{"text":"allows","start":2005.31,"end":2005.71},{"text":"a","start":2005.71,"end":2005.79},{"text":"state","start":2005.79,"end":2006.15},{"text":"to","start":2006.15,"end":2006.23},{"text":"investigate","start":2006.23,"end":2006.91},{"text":"and","start":2006.91,"end":2007.03},{"text":"prosecute","start":2007.03,"end":2007.51},{"text":"a","start":2007.51,"end":2007.55},{"text":"national","start":2007.55,"end":2008.03},{"text":"of","start":2008.03,"end":2008.19},{"text":"any","start":2008.19,"end":2008.43},{"text":"state","start":2008.43,"end":2008.83},{"text":"within","start":2008.91,"end":2009.27},{"text":"their","start":2009.27,"end":2009.43},{"text":"borders","start":2009.43,"end":2010.11},{"text":"who","start":2010.11,"end":2010.27},{"text":"is","start":2010.27,"end":2010.43},{"text":"alleged","start":2010.43,"end":2010.79},{"text":"to","start":2010.79,"end":2010.87},{"text":"have","start":2010.87,"end":2010.99},{"text":"committed","start":2010.99,"end":2011.47},{"text":"certain","start":2011.47,"end":2011.79},{"text":"serious","start":2011.79,"end":2012.19},{"text":"crimes.","start":2012.19,"end":2012.75}]},{"text":"Under general international law, piracy in the high seas is the only crime over which claim of universal jurisdiction is undisputed.","start":2013.63,"end":2020.51,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."},{"key":"distinction-from-other-bases","label":"Distinction From Other Jurisdictional Bases","description":"Several speakers insisted that universal jurisdiction must be clearly distinguished from treaty-based obligations to extradite or prosecute, other forms of extraterritorial jurisdiction, and the jurisdiction of international criminal tribunals. They argued that conflating these concepts creates legal confusion and distorts state practice."}],"words":[{"text":"Under","start":2013.63,"end":2013.87},{"text":"general","start":2013.87,"end":2014.19},{"text":"international","start":2014.19,"end":2014.79},{"text":"law,","start":2014.79,"end":2014.99},{"text":"piracy","start":2015.07,"end":2015.63},{"text":"in","start":2015.63,"end":2015.71},{"text":"the","start":2015.71,"end":2015.83},{"text":"high","start":2015.83,"end":2016.03},{"text":"seas","start":2016.03,"end":2016.35},{"text":"is","start":2016.59,"end":2016.79},{"text":"the","start":2016.79,"end":2016.87},{"text":"only","start":2016.87,"end":2017.15},{"text":"crime","start":2017.15,"end":2017.55},{"text":"over","start":2017.55,"end":2017.79},{"text":"which","start":2017.79,"end":2018.03},{"text":"claim","start":2018.03,"end":2018.31},{"text":"of","start":2018.31,"end":2018.43},{"text":"universal","start":2018.43,"end":2018.91},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":2018.91,"end":2019.55},{"text":"is","start":2019.55,"end":2019.71},{"text":"undisputed.","start":2019.71,"end":2020.51}]},{"text":"The principle of universal jurisdiction in relation to piracy was codified in the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, 1982.","start":2021.23,"end":2027.79,"topics":[{"key":"distinction-from-other-bases","label":"Distinction From Other Jurisdictional Bases","description":"Several speakers insisted that universal jurisdiction must be clearly distinguished from treaty-based obligations to extradite or prosecute, other forms of extraterritorial jurisdiction, and the jurisdiction of international criminal tribunals. They argued that conflating these concepts creates legal confusion and distorts state practice."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2021.23,"end":2021.35},{"text":"principle","start":2021.35,"end":2021.75},{"text":"of","start":2021.75,"end":2021.87},{"text":"universal","start":2021.87,"end":2022.35},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":2022.35,"end":2022.99},{"text":"in","start":2022.99,"end":2023.15},{"text":"relation","start":2023.15,"end":2023.63},{"text":"to","start":2023.63,"end":2023.71},{"text":"piracy","start":2023.71,"end":2024.15},{"text":"was","start":2024.15,"end":2024.35},{"text":"codified","start":2024.35,"end":2024.91},{"text":"in","start":2024.91,"end":2024.99},{"text":"the","start":2024.99,"end":2025.07},{"text":"UN","start":2025.07,"end":2025.31},{"text":"Convention","start":2025.31,"end":2025.87},{"text":"on","start":2025.87,"end":2026.19},{"text":"the","start":2026.19,"end":2026.35},{"text":"Law","start":2026.35,"end":2026.47},{"text":"of","start":2026.47,"end":2026.59},{"text":"the","start":2026.59,"end":2026.67},{"text":"Sea,","start":2026.67,"end":2026.99},{"text":"1982.","start":2026.99,"end":2027.79}]},{"text":"Mr. Chair.","start":2028.59,"end":2029.23,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":2028.59,"end":2028.91},{"text":"Chair.","start":2028.91,"end":2029.23}]},{"text":"Certain international treaties have provided basis for the exercise of universal jurisdiction in treaties for crimes like genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity and torture.","start":2029.87,"end":2039.23,"topics":[{"key":"distinction-from-other-bases","label":"Distinction From Other Jurisdictional Bases","description":"Several speakers insisted that universal jurisdiction must be clearly distinguished from treaty-based obligations to extradite or prosecute, other forms of extraterritorial jurisdiction, and the jurisdiction of international criminal tribunals. They argued that conflating these concepts creates legal confusion and distorts state practice."},{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."}],"words":[{"text":"Certain","start":2029.87,"end":2030.27},{"text":"international","start":2030.27,"end":2030.91},{"text":"treaties","start":2030.91,"end":2031.39},{"text":"have","start":2031.39,"end":2031.55},{"text":"provided","start":2031.55,"end":2032.03},{"text":"basis","start":2032.03,"end":2032.59},{"text":"for","start":2032.59,"end":2032.79},{"text":"the","start":2032.79,"end":2032.87},{"text":"exercise","start":2032.87,"end":2033.39},{"text":"of","start":2033.39,"end":2033.47},{"text":"universal","start":2033.47,"end":2034.03},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":2034.03,"end":2034.63},{"text":"in","start":2034.63,"end":2034.75},{"text":"treaties","start":2034.75,"end":2035.15},{"text":"for","start":2035.15,"end":2035.31},{"text":"crimes","start":2035.31,"end":2035.71},{"text":"like","start":2035.71,"end":2035.87},{"text":"genocide,","start":2035.87,"end":2036.43},{"text":"war","start":2036.75,"end":2036.91},{"text":"crimes,","start":2036.91,"end":2037.39},{"text":"crimes","start":2037.39,"end":2037.75},{"text":"against","start":2037.75,"end":2038.07},{"text":"humanity","start":2038.07,"end":2038.59},{"text":"and","start":2038.59,"end":2038.79},{"text":"torture.","start":2038.79,"end":2039.23}]},{"text":"They include among others the Geneva Convention of 1949, Genocide Convention and Apartheid Convention.","start":2039.71,"end":2045.15,"topics":[{"key":"distinction-from-other-bases","label":"Distinction From Other Jurisdictional Bases","description":"Several speakers insisted that universal jurisdiction must be clearly distinguished from treaty-based obligations to extradite or prosecute, other forms of extraterritorial jurisdiction, and the jurisdiction of international criminal tribunals. They argued that conflating these concepts creates legal confusion and distorts state practice."},{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."}],"words":[{"text":"They","start":2039.71,"end":2039.91},{"text":"include","start":2039.91,"end":2040.31},{"text":"among","start":2040.31,"end":2040.59},{"text":"others","start":2040.59,"end":2040.91},{"text":"the","start":2040.91,"end":2040.99},{"text":"Geneva","start":2040.99,"end":2041.31},{"text":"Convention","start":2041.31,"end":2041.79},{"text":"of","start":2041.79,"end":2041.87},{"text":"1949,","start":2041.87,"end":2042.75},{"text":"Genocide","start":2042.87,"end":2043.23},{"text":"Convention","start":2043.23,"end":2043.87},{"text":"and","start":2043.87,"end":2044.07},{"text":"Apartheid","start":2044.07,"end":2044.51},{"text":"Convention.","start":2044.51,"end":2045.15}]},{"text":"The question that arises is whether the jurisdiction provided for specific international crimes in certain treaties could be converted into a commonly exercisable jurisdiction irrespective of whether the states are a party to those treaties.","start":2045.95,"end":2059.39,"topics":[{"key":"distinction-from-other-bases","label":"Distinction From Other Jurisdictional Bases","description":"Several speakers insisted that universal jurisdiction must be clearly distinguished from treaty-based obligations to extradite or prosecute, other forms of extraterritorial jurisdiction, and the jurisdiction of international criminal tribunals. They argued that conflating these concepts creates legal confusion and distorts state practice."},{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2045.95,"end":2046.07},{"text":"question","start":2046.07,"end":2046.59},{"text":"that","start":2046.59,"end":2046.91},{"text":"arises","start":2046.91,"end":2047.31},{"text":"is","start":2047.31,"end":2047.47},{"text":"whether","start":2047.47,"end":2047.87},{"text":"the","start":2048.11,"end":2048.23},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":2048.27,"end":2048.87},{"text":"provided","start":2048.87,"end":2049.31},{"text":"for","start":2049.31,"end":2049.47},{"text":"specific","start":2049.47,"end":2049.95},{"text":"international","start":2049.95,"end":2050.67},{"text":"crimes","start":2050.67,"end":2051.15},{"text":"in","start":2051.15,"end":2051.31},{"text":"certain","start":2051.31,"end":2051.63},{"text":"treaties","start":2051.63,"end":2052.11},{"text":"could","start":2052.43,"end":2052.59},{"text":"be","start":2052.59,"end":2052.71},{"text":"converted","start":2052.71,"end":2053.31},{"text":"into","start":2053.31,"end":2053.59},{"text":"a","start":2053.59,"end":2053.63},{"text":"commonly","start":2053.63,"end":2054.39},{"text":"exercisable","start":2054.39,"end":2055.11},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":2055.15,"end":2055.87},{"text":"irrespective","start":2056.19,"end":2056.83},{"text":"of","start":2056.83,"end":2056.95},{"text":"whether","start":2056.95,"end":2057.39},{"text":"the","start":2057.39,"end":2057.55},{"text":"states","start":2057.55,"end":2057.87},{"text":"are","start":2057.87,"end":2057.99},{"text":"a","start":2057.99,"end":2058.03},{"text":"party","start":2058.03,"end":2058.43},{"text":"to","start":2058.43,"end":2058.59},{"text":"those","start":2058.59,"end":2058.83},{"text":"treaties.","start":2058.83,"end":2059.39}]},{"text":"Principle of extradite or prosecute provided in various treaties should not be inferred as universal jurisdiction.","start":2060.47,"end":2066.55,"topics":[{"key":"distinction-from-other-bases","label":"Distinction From Other Jurisdictional Bases","description":"Several speakers insisted that universal jurisdiction must be clearly distinguished from treaty-based obligations to extradite or prosecute, other forms of extraterritorial jurisdiction, and the jurisdiction of international criminal tribunals. They argued that conflating these concepts creates legal confusion and distorts state practice."}],"words":[{"text":"Principle","start":2060.47,"end":2060.87},{"text":"of","start":2060.87,"end":2061.03},{"text":"extradite","start":2061.03,"end":2061.59},{"text":"or","start":2061.59,"end":2061.67},{"text":"prosecute","start":2061.67,"end":2062.39},{"text":"provided","start":2062.47,"end":2062.99},{"text":"in","start":2062.99,"end":2063.11},{"text":"various","start":2063.11,"end":2063.51},{"text":"treaties","start":2063.51,"end":2063.99},{"text":"should","start":2063.99,"end":2064.23},{"text":"not","start":2064.23,"end":2064.47},{"text":"be","start":2064.47,"end":2064.59},{"text":"inferred","start":2064.59,"end":2065.03},{"text":"as","start":2065.03,"end":2065.27},{"text":"universal","start":2065.27,"end":2065.83},{"text":"jurisdiction.","start":2065.83,"end":2066.55}]},{"text":"The treaty based jurisdiction is conceptualized and legally distinct from universal jurisdiction.","start":2067.03,"end":2072.23,"topics":[{"key":"distinction-from-other-bases","label":"Distinction From Other Jurisdictional Bases","description":"Several speakers insisted that universal jurisdiction must be clearly distinguished from treaty-based obligations to extradite or prosecute, other forms of extraterritorial jurisdiction, and the jurisdiction of international criminal tribunals. They argued that conflating these concepts creates legal confusion and distorts state practice."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2067.03,"end":2067.11},{"text":"treaty","start":2067.11,"end":2067.51},{"text":"based","start":2067.51,"end":2067.87},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":2067.87,"end":2068.55},{"text":"is","start":2068.55,"end":2068.79},{"text":"conceptualized","start":2068.79,"end":2069.67},{"text":"and","start":2069.67,"end":2069.95},{"text":"legally","start":2069.95,"end":2070.35},{"text":"distinct","start":2070.35,"end":2070.83},{"text":"from","start":2070.83,"end":2071.03},{"text":"universal","start":2071.03,"end":2071.51},{"text":"jurisdiction.","start":2071.51,"end":2072.23}]},{"text":"Thus, the principle of universal jurisdiction in view of lack of conceptual and legal clarity should not be considered as complementary to the jurisdiction of national courts.","start":2073.03,"end":2083.27,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."},{"key":"subsidiarity-and-last-resort","label":"Subsidiarity and Last Resort","description":"Numerous speakers argued that universal jurisdiction should be secondary to territorial, nationality-based, or other closer jurisdictional links. In this view, it should be used only when the state with primary jurisdiction is unwilling or unable genuinely to investigate and prosecute."}],"words":[{"text":"Thus,","start":2073.03,"end":2073.35},{"text":"the","start":2073.67,"end":2073.79},{"text":"principle","start":2073.79,"end":2074.19},{"text":"of","start":2074.19,"end":2074.31},{"text":"universal","start":2074.31,"end":2074.79},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":2074.79,"end":2075.59},{"text":"in","start":2075.91,"end":2076.19},{"text":"view","start":2076.19,"end":2076.39},{"text":"of","start":2076.39,"end":2076.63},{"text":"lack","start":2076.63,"end":2076.99},{"text":"of","start":2076.99,"end":2077.11},{"text":"conceptual","start":2077.11,"end":2077.83},{"text":"and","start":2077.83,"end":2078.03},{"text":"legal","start":2078.03,"end":2078.39},{"text":"clarity","start":2078.39,"end":2079.03},{"text":"should","start":2079.27,"end":2079.51},{"text":"not","start":2079.51,"end":2079.79},{"text":"be","start":2079.79,"end":2079.91},{"text":"considered","start":2079.91,"end":2080.39},{"text":"as","start":2080.39,"end":2080.63},{"text":"complementary","start":2080.63,"end":2081.43},{"text":"to","start":2081.43,"end":2081.55},{"text":"the","start":2081.55,"end":2081.67},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":2081.67,"end":2082.31},{"text":"of","start":2082.31,"end":2082.47},{"text":"national","start":2082.47,"end":2082.87},{"text":"courts.","start":2082.87,"end":2083.27}]},{"text":"Further, it may be invoked only as a last resort when all other options for prosecution have been either exhausted or unavailable.","start":2083.91,"end":2091.67,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiarity-and-last-resort","label":"Subsidiarity and Last Resort","description":"Numerous speakers argued that universal jurisdiction should be secondary to territorial, nationality-based, or other closer jurisdictional links. In this view, it should be used only when the state with primary jurisdiction is unwilling or unable genuinely to investigate and prosecute."}],"words":[{"text":"Further,","start":2083.91,"end":2084.39},{"text":"it","start":2084.55,"end":2084.75},{"text":"may","start":2084.75,"end":2084.91},{"text":"be","start":2084.91,"end":2085.11},{"text":"invoked","start":2085.11,"end":2085.51},{"text":"only","start":2085.55,"end":2085.87},{"text":"as","start":2085.87,"end":2085.99},{"text":"a","start":2085.99,"end":2086.07},{"text":"last","start":2086.07,"end":2086.51},{"text":"resort","start":2086.51,"end":2086.95},{"text":"when","start":2087.23,"end":2087.51},{"text":"all","start":2087.51,"end":2087.75},{"text":"other","start":2087.75,"end":2088.03},{"text":"options","start":2088.03,"end":2088.35},{"text":"for","start":2088.35,"end":2088.47},{"text":"prosecution","start":2088.47,"end":2089.19},{"text":"have","start":2089.19,"end":2089.39},{"text":"been","start":2089.39,"end":2089.59},{"text":"either","start":2089.59,"end":2089.95},{"text":"exhausted","start":2089.95,"end":2090.71},{"text":"or","start":2090.71,"end":2090.99},{"text":"unavailable.","start":2090.99,"end":2091.67}]},{"text":"The need to ensure avoidance of misuse of the principle of universal jurisdiction is pertinent.","start":2092.47,"end":2097.43,"topics":[{"key":"politicization-and-selective-use","label":"Politicization and Selective Use","description":"A widely shared concern was that universal jurisdiction can be abused for political, discriminatory, or selective purposes. Delegations warned against using domestic courts to target foreign officials or advance geopolitical agendas under the banner of justice."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2092.47,"end":2092.59},{"text":"need","start":2092.59,"end":2092.83},{"text":"to","start":2092.83,"end":2092.95},{"text":"ensure","start":2092.95,"end":2093.43},{"text":"avoidance","start":2093.43,"end":2093.91},{"text":"of","start":2093.95,"end":2094.07},{"text":"misuse","start":2094.07,"end":2094.51},{"text":"of","start":2094.51,"end":2094.59},{"text":"the","start":2094.59,"end":2094.67},{"text":"principle","start":2094.67,"end":2095.03},{"text":"of","start":2095.03,"end":2095.11},{"text":"universal","start":2095.11,"end":2095.59},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":2095.59,"end":2096.31},{"text":"is","start":2096.55,"end":2096.71},{"text":"pertinent.","start":2096.71,"end":2097.43}]},{"text":"Any application of the principle of universal jurisdiction should be consistent with the principles of international law, including sovereignty of States, non-interference in internal affairs and the established principles of sovereign and diplomatic immunity.","start":2098.63,"end":2111.11,"topics":[{"key":"sovereignty-and-immunities","label":"Sovereignty and Immunities","description":"Many statements emphasized that the exercise of universal jurisdiction must respect sovereign equality, non-interference, territorial integrity, and the immunities of state officials under international law. Several delegations warned that ignoring these principles would damage interstate relations and the legitimacy of the legal system."}],"words":[{"text":"Any","start":2098.63,"end":2098.91},{"text":"application","start":2098.91,"end":2099.43},{"text":"of","start":2099.43,"end":2099.51},{"text":"the","start":2099.51,"end":2099.59},{"text":"principle","start":2099.59,"end":2099.99},{"text":"of","start":2099.99,"end":2100.07},{"text":"universal","start":2100.07,"end":2100.55},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":2100.55,"end":2101.27},{"text":"should","start":2101.51,"end":2101.71},{"text":"be","start":2101.71,"end":2101.83},{"text":"consistent","start":2101.83,"end":2102.39},{"text":"with","start":2102.39,"end":2102.51},{"text":"the","start":2102.51,"end":2102.63},{"text":"principles","start":2102.63,"end":2103.07},{"text":"of","start":2103.07,"end":2103.19},{"text":"international","start":2103.19,"end":2103.87},{"text":"law,","start":2103.87,"end":2103.99},{"text":"including","start":2104.39,"end":2104.87},{"text":"sovereignty","start":2104.87,"end":2105.27},{"text":"of","start":2105.27,"end":2105.35},{"text":"States,","start":2105.35,"end":2105.83},{"text":"non-interference","start":2106.15,"end":2106.99},{"text":"in","start":2106.99,"end":2107.07},{"text":"internal","start":2107.07,"end":2107.51},{"text":"affairs","start":2107.51,"end":2107.99},{"text":"and","start":2107.99,"end":2108.19},{"text":"the","start":2108.19,"end":2108.27},{"text":"established","start":2108.27,"end":2108.79},{"text":"principles","start":2108.79,"end":2109.23},{"text":"of","start":2109.23,"end":2109.35},{"text":"sovereign","start":2109.35,"end":2109.83},{"text":"and","start":2109.83,"end":2109.95},{"text":"diplomatic","start":2109.95,"end":2110.59},{"text":"immunity.","start":2110.59,"end":2111.11}]},{"text":"Thank you, Mr. Chair.","start":2111.19,"end":2111.99,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":2111.19,"end":2111.35},{"text":"you,","start":2111.35,"end":2111.43},{"text":"Mr.","start":2111.43,"end":2111.75},{"text":"Chair.","start":2111.75,"end":2111.99}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"IND","affiliation_full":"India","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":17,"start":2114.91,"pageUrl":"/en/ga/c6/80/23?t=2115","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you for your statement.","start":2114.91,"end":2116.59,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":2114.91,"end":2115.15},{"text":"you","start":2115.15,"end":2115.39},{"text":"for","start":2115.39,"end":2115.59},{"text":"your","start":2115.59,"end":2115.71},{"text":"statement.","start":2115.71,"end":2116.59}]},{"text":"I am now turning to the representative of Burkina Faso.","start":2116.75,"end":2119.55,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":2116.75,"end":2116.79},{"text":"am","start":2116.79,"end":2116.91},{"text":"now","start":2116.91,"end":2117.07},{"text":"turning","start":2117.07,"end":2117.47},{"text":"to","start":2117.47,"end":2117.55},{"text":"the","start":2117.55,"end":2117.63},{"text":"representative","start":2117.63,"end":2118.51},{"text":"of","start":2118.51,"end":2118.59},{"text":"Burkina","start":2118.59,"end":2119.07},{"text":"Faso.","start":2119.07,"end":2119.55}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"6th Committee","affiliation_full":"6th Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":18,"start":2122.55,"pageUrl":"/en/ga/c6/80/23?t=2123","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Mr Chairman.","start":2122.55,"end":2125.23,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":2122.55,"end":2122.83},{"text":"you,","start":2122.83,"end":2122.99},{"text":"Mr","start":2122.99,"end":2123.55},{"text":"Chairman.","start":2124.75,"end":2125.23}]},{"text":"My delegation would like to thank the Secretary-General for his report A/80/274 and is delighted to contribute to these exchanges on the principle of universal jurisdiction.","start":2125.23,"end":2137.47,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"My","start":2125.23,"end":2125.39},{"text":"delegation","start":2125.39,"end":2125.83},{"text":"would","start":2125.83,"end":2125.95},{"text":"like","start":2125.95,"end":2126.07},{"text":"to","start":2126.07,"end":2126.15},{"text":"thank","start":2126.19,"end":2126.59},{"text":"the","start":2126.59,"end":2126.75},{"text":"Secretary-General","start":2126.75,"end":2127.63},{"text":"for","start":2127.95,"end":2128.19},{"text":"his","start":2128.19,"end":2128.43},{"text":"report","start":2128.43,"end":2128.83},{"text":"A/80/274","start":2130.27,"end":2132.11},{"text":"and","start":2132.59,"end":2132.75},{"text":"is","start":2132.75,"end":2132.87},{"text":"delighted","start":2132.87,"end":2133.27},{"text":"to","start":2133.27,"end":2133.35},{"text":"contribute","start":2133.39,"end":2134.23},{"text":"to","start":2134.23,"end":2134.31},{"text":"these","start":2134.59,"end":2134.83},{"text":"exchanges","start":2134.83,"end":2135.39},{"text":"on","start":2135.39,"end":2135.47},{"text":"the","start":2135.47,"end":2135.55},{"text":"principle","start":2135.55,"end":2135.99},{"text":"of","start":2135.99,"end":2136.07},{"text":"universal","start":2136.07,"end":2136.59},{"text":"jurisdiction.","start":2136.59,"end":2137.47}]},{"text":"This principle is a noble one, but it is the subject of debate vis-a-vis the current practice of states as to its definition, scope and application.","start":2138.19,"end":2147.47,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":2138.19,"end":2138.51},{"text":"principle","start":2138.51,"end":2139.07},{"text":"is","start":2139.07,"end":2139.27},{"text":"a","start":2139.27,"end":2139.31},{"text":"noble","start":2139.31,"end":2139.91},{"text":"one,","start":2139.91,"end":2140.11},{"text":"but","start":2140.11,"end":2140.27},{"text":"it","start":2140.27,"end":2140.39},{"text":"is","start":2140.39,"end":2140.51},{"text":"the","start":2140.51,"end":2140.59},{"text":"subject","start":2140.59,"end":2141.07},{"text":"of","start":2141.07,"end":2141.23},{"text":"debate","start":2141.23,"end":2141.71},{"text":"vis-a-vis","start":2142.11,"end":2142.63},{"text":"the","start":2142.67,"end":2142.79},{"text":"current","start":2142.83,"end":2143.47},{"text":"practice","start":2143.47,"end":2144.03},{"text":"of","start":2144.03,"end":2144.11},{"text":"states","start":2144.11,"end":2144.75},{"text":"as","start":2145.15,"end":2145.39},{"text":"to","start":2145.39,"end":2145.59},{"text":"its","start":2145.59,"end":2145.83},{"text":"definition,","start":2145.83,"end":2146.51},{"text":"scope","start":2146.51,"end":2146.87},{"text":"and","start":2146.87,"end":2146.99},{"text":"application.","start":2146.99,"end":2147.47}]},{"text":"My delegation endorses these statements made by Cameroon on behalf of the African Group and the Islamic Republic of Iran on behalf of the Non-Aligned Movement.","start":2147.47,"end":2155.23,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"My","start":2147.47,"end":2147.55},{"text":"delegation","start":2147.55,"end":2148.07},{"text":"endorses","start":2148.07,"end":2148.51},{"text":"these","start":2148.51,"end":2148.71},{"text":"statements","start":2148.71,"end":2149.15},{"text":"made","start":2149.15,"end":2149.35},{"text":"by","start":2149.35,"end":2149.55},{"text":"Cameroon","start":2149.55,"end":2150.03},{"text":"on","start":2150.35,"end":2150.43},{"text":"behalf","start":2150.43,"end":2150.71},{"text":"of","start":2150.71,"end":2150.83},{"text":"the","start":2150.83,"end":2150.95},{"text":"African","start":2150.95,"end":2151.31},{"text":"Group","start":2151.31,"end":2151.63},{"text":"and","start":2151.95,"end":2152.15},{"text":"the","start":2152.15,"end":2152.23},{"text":"Islamic","start":2152.59,"end":2152.95},{"text":"Republic","start":2152.95,"end":2153.35},{"text":"of","start":2153.35,"end":2153.43},{"text":"Iran","start":2153.43,"end":2153.71},{"text":"on","start":2153.71,"end":2153.87},{"text":"behalf","start":2153.87,"end":2154.07},{"text":"of","start":2154.07,"end":2154.15},{"text":"the","start":2154.15,"end":2154.23},{"text":"Non-Aligned","start":2154.23,"end":2154.79},{"text":"Movement.","start":2154.79,"end":2155.23}]},{"text":"I would like to make the following comments in its national capacity.","start":2155.63,"end":2158.59,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":2155.63,"end":2155.71},{"text":"would","start":2155.75,"end":2155.87},{"text":"like","start":2155.87,"end":2155.99},{"text":"to","start":2155.99,"end":2156.15},{"text":"make","start":2156.15,"end":2156.27},{"text":"the","start":2156.27,"end":2156.39},{"text":"following","start":2156.43,"end":2156.91},{"text":"comments","start":2156.91,"end":2157.27},{"text":"in","start":2157.27,"end":2157.39},{"text":"its","start":2157.39,"end":2157.51},{"text":"national","start":2157.51,"end":2157.95},{"text":"capacity.","start":2157.95,"end":2158.59}]},{"text":"Mr. Chair, distinguished delegates, my delegation is convinced that the rule of law cannot be effective when crimes remain unpunished.","start":2159.39,"end":2167.87,"topics":[{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":2159.39,"end":2159.71},{"text":"Chair,","start":2159.71,"end":2159.95},{"text":"distinguished","start":2159.95,"end":2160.43},{"text":"delegates,","start":2160.43,"end":2160.83},{"text":"my","start":2160.83,"end":2160.99},{"text":"delegation","start":2160.99,"end":2161.55},{"text":"is","start":2161.55,"end":2161.71},{"text":"convinced","start":2161.87,"end":2162.59},{"text":"that","start":2162.99,"end":2163.31},{"text":"the","start":2163.31,"end":2163.39},{"text":"rule","start":2163.39,"end":2163.67},{"text":"of","start":2163.67,"end":2163.75},{"text":"law","start":2163.75,"end":2163.87},{"text":"cannot","start":2163.87,"end":2164.27},{"text":"be","start":2164.27,"end":2164.59},{"text":"effective","start":2164.59,"end":2165.19},{"text":"when","start":2165.19,"end":2165.63},{"text":"crimes","start":2166.19,"end":2166.67},{"text":"remain","start":2166.67,"end":2167.07},{"text":"unpunished.","start":2167.07,"end":2167.87}]},{"text":"Because of this, it stands in solidarity with the difficult task conducted by this committee to address ambiguities regarding the principle of universal jurisdiction to enable the effective prosecution of the perpetrators of the most heinous crimes.","start":2167.87,"end":2184.51,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."},{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."}],"words":[{"text":"Because","start":2167.87,"end":2168.19},{"text":"of","start":2168.19,"end":2168.27},{"text":"this,","start":2168.27,"end":2168.51},{"text":"it","start":2168.51,"end":2168.83},{"text":"stands","start":2168.83,"end":2169.27},{"text":"in","start":2169.27,"end":2169.39},{"text":"solidarity","start":2169.39,"end":2170.11},{"text":"with","start":2170.11,"end":2170.23},{"text":"the","start":2170.23,"end":2170.31},{"text":"difficult","start":2170.59,"end":2171.31},{"text":"task","start":2171.63,"end":2172.15},{"text":"conducted","start":2172.15,"end":2172.67},{"text":"by","start":2172.67,"end":2172.91},{"text":"this","start":2172.91,"end":2173.15},{"text":"committee","start":2173.15,"end":2173.71},{"text":"to","start":2174.11,"end":2174.23},{"text":"address","start":2174.23,"end":2174.67},{"text":"ambiguities","start":2174.67,"end":2175.71},{"text":"regarding","start":2176.03,"end":2176.59},{"text":"the","start":2176.59,"end":2176.71},{"text":"principle","start":2176.71,"end":2177.23},{"text":"of","start":2177.23,"end":2177.31},{"text":"universal","start":2177.31,"end":2177.87},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":2177.87,"end":2178.75},{"text":"to","start":2179.23,"end":2179.39},{"text":"enable","start":2179.43,"end":2180.03},{"text":"the","start":2180.03,"end":2180.19},{"text":"effective","start":2180.75,"end":2181.15},{"text":"prosecution","start":2181.15,"end":2182.03},{"text":"of","start":2182.03,"end":2182.43},{"text":"the","start":2182.43,"end":2182.63},{"text":"perpetrators","start":2182.63,"end":2183.31},{"text":"of","start":2183.31,"end":2183.39},{"text":"the","start":2183.39,"end":2183.47},{"text":"most","start":2183.47,"end":2183.71},{"text":"heinous","start":2183.71,"end":2184.03},{"text":"crimes.","start":2184.03,"end":2184.51}]},{"text":"The application of this principle is one of the best mechanisms to combat impunity.","start":2184.91,"end":2189.47,"topics":[{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2184.91,"end":2185.03},{"text":"application","start":2185.03,"end":2185.55},{"text":"of","start":2185.55,"end":2185.63},{"text":"this","start":2185.63,"end":2185.79},{"text":"principle","start":2185.79,"end":2186.35},{"text":"is","start":2186.75,"end":2186.91},{"text":"one","start":2186.91,"end":2187.11},{"text":"of","start":2187.11,"end":2187.19},{"text":"the","start":2187.19,"end":2187.27},{"text":"best","start":2187.31,"end":2187.55},{"text":"mechanisms","start":2187.55,"end":2188.15},{"text":"to","start":2188.19,"end":2188.31},{"text":"combat","start":2188.31,"end":2188.71},{"text":"impunity.","start":2188.71,"end":2189.47}]},{"text":"Indeed, Its application is based on the idea that the most serious crimes against humanity in its entirety must not remain unpunished irrespective of the place where they were committed.","start":2190.11,"end":2206.27,"topics":[{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."}],"words":[{"text":"Indeed,","start":2190.11,"end":2190.83},{"text":"Its","start":2193.07,"end":2193.47},{"text":"application","start":2193.63,"end":2194.51},{"text":"is","start":2194.51,"end":2194.75},{"text":"based","start":2194.75,"end":2195.07},{"text":"on","start":2195.07,"end":2195.15},{"text":"the","start":2195.15,"end":2195.27},{"text":"idea","start":2195.27,"end":2195.71},{"text":"that","start":2195.71,"end":2196.03},{"text":"the","start":2196.03,"end":2196.11},{"text":"most","start":2196.11,"end":2196.51},{"text":"serious","start":2196.51,"end":2197.07},{"text":"crimes","start":2197.07,"end":2197.79},{"text":"against","start":2198.11,"end":2198.67},{"text":"humanity","start":2198.67,"end":2199.47},{"text":"in","start":2199.55,"end":2199.75},{"text":"its","start":2199.75,"end":2199.87},{"text":"entirety","start":2199.87,"end":2200.67},{"text":"must","start":2200.99,"end":2201.27},{"text":"not","start":2201.27,"end":2201.43},{"text":"remain","start":2201.43,"end":2201.87},{"text":"unpunished","start":2201.87,"end":2202.75},{"text":"irrespective","start":2203.31,"end":2204.03},{"text":"of","start":2204.11,"end":2204.35},{"text":"the","start":2204.35,"end":2204.47},{"text":"place","start":2204.83,"end":2205.19},{"text":"where","start":2205.19,"end":2205.39},{"text":"they","start":2205.39,"end":2205.55},{"text":"were","start":2205.55,"end":2205.67},{"text":"committed.","start":2205.67,"end":2206.27}]},{"text":"Its application thus helps to prevent impunity for the perpetrators of such crimes by enabling states to intervene when the normal jurisdictions, those that are normally competent, are not able or willing to prosecute these crimes.","start":2206.67,"end":2222.11,"topics":[{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."},{"key":"subsidiarity-and-last-resort","label":"Subsidiarity and Last Resort","description":"Numerous speakers argued that universal jurisdiction should be secondary to territorial, nationality-based, or other closer jurisdictional links. In this view, it should be used only when the state with primary jurisdiction is unwilling or unable genuinely to investigate and prosecute."}],"words":[{"text":"Its","start":2206.67,"end":2206.91},{"text":"application","start":2206.91,"end":2207.63},{"text":"thus","start":2207.63,"end":2208.11},{"text":"helps","start":2208.59,"end":2208.87},{"text":"to","start":2208.87,"end":2208.95},{"text":"prevent","start":2208.99,"end":2209.55},{"text":"impunity","start":2209.79,"end":2210.51},{"text":"for","start":2210.51,"end":2210.63},{"text":"the","start":2210.63,"end":2210.71},{"text":"perpetrators","start":2210.71,"end":2211.39},{"text":"of","start":2211.39,"end":2211.55},{"text":"such","start":2211.55,"end":2211.79},{"text":"crimes","start":2211.79,"end":2212.35},{"text":"by","start":2212.67,"end":2212.79},{"text":"enabling","start":2212.79,"end":2213.23},{"text":"states","start":2213.23,"end":2213.55},{"text":"to","start":2213.55,"end":2213.67},{"text":"intervene","start":2213.67,"end":2214.35},{"text":"when","start":2214.63,"end":2215.07},{"text":"the","start":2215.15,"end":2215.35},{"text":"normal","start":2215.71,"end":2216.43},{"text":"jurisdictions,","start":2217.47,"end":2218.31},{"text":"those","start":2218.31,"end":2218.43},{"text":"that","start":2218.43,"end":2218.55},{"text":"are","start":2218.55,"end":2218.63},{"text":"normally","start":2218.63,"end":2218.91},{"text":"competent,","start":2218.91,"end":2219.31},{"text":"are","start":2219.31,"end":2219.39},{"text":"not","start":2219.39,"end":2219.63},{"text":"able","start":2219.63,"end":2220.03},{"text":"or","start":2220.03,"end":2220.27},{"text":"willing","start":2220.27,"end":2220.75},{"text":"to","start":2220.75,"end":2220.87},{"text":"prosecute","start":2220.91,"end":2221.43},{"text":"these","start":2221.43,"end":2221.63},{"text":"crimes.","start":2221.63,"end":2222.11}]},{"text":"This, for states, engenders the obligation to respect and ensure respect for rights incumbent upon the international community in its entirety.","start":2222.51,"end":2230.19,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This,","start":2222.51,"end":2222.83},{"text":"for","start":2222.83,"end":2222.99},{"text":"states,","start":2222.99,"end":2223.47},{"text":"engenders","start":2224.11,"end":2224.59},{"text":"the","start":2224.59,"end":2224.71},{"text":"obligation","start":2224.71,"end":2225.39},{"text":"to","start":2225.39,"end":2225.51},{"text":"respect","start":2225.51,"end":2226.11},{"text":"and","start":2226.11,"end":2226.23},{"text":"ensure","start":2226.23,"end":2226.63},{"text":"respect","start":2226.63,"end":2226.99},{"text":"for","start":2226.99,"end":2227.27},{"text":"rights","start":2227.27,"end":2227.63},{"text":"incumbent","start":2227.63,"end":2228.11},{"text":"upon","start":2228.11,"end":2228.35},{"text":"the","start":2228.35,"end":2228.43},{"text":"international","start":2228.43,"end":2228.91},{"text":"community","start":2228.91,"end":2229.31},{"text":"in","start":2229.31,"end":2229.39},{"text":"its","start":2229.39,"end":2229.51},{"text":"entirety.","start":2229.51,"end":2230.19}]},{"text":"The Burkina Faso legal framework enshrines universal jurisdiction into Burkina Faso jurisdictions for the most serious crimes, in particular war crimes, crimes against humanity and genocide.","start":2230.71,"end":2243.19,"topics":[{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2230.71,"end":2230.91},{"text":"Burkina","start":2230.91,"end":2231.31},{"text":"Faso","start":2231.31,"end":2231.63},{"text":"legal","start":2231.63,"end":2232.07},{"text":"framework","start":2232.07,"end":2232.71},{"text":"enshrines","start":2232.75,"end":2233.35},{"text":"universal","start":2233.35,"end":2234.07},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":2234.31,"end":2235.19},{"text":"into","start":2235.27,"end":2235.83},{"text":"Burkina","start":2235.83,"end":2236.35},{"text":"Faso","start":2236.35,"end":2236.55},{"text":"jurisdictions","start":2236.87,"end":2237.75},{"text":"for","start":2238.07,"end":2238.59},{"text":"the","start":2239.27,"end":2239.43},{"text":"most","start":2239.43,"end":2239.71},{"text":"serious","start":2239.71,"end":2240.03},{"text":"crimes,","start":2240.03,"end":2240.35},{"text":"in","start":2240.35,"end":2240.43},{"text":"particular","start":2240.43,"end":2240.95},{"text":"war","start":2240.95,"end":2241.11},{"text":"crimes,","start":2241.11,"end":2241.51},{"text":"crimes","start":2241.51,"end":2241.79},{"text":"against","start":2241.79,"end":2242.03},{"text":"humanity","start":2242.03,"end":2242.51},{"text":"and","start":2242.51,"end":2242.63},{"text":"genocide.","start":2242.63,"end":2243.19}]},{"text":"So my country recognizes the importance of the principle of universal jurisdiction to combat impunity, but notes with regret that its application remains a stumbling block because of its thrust, in fact it's understood in various different ways, it is poorly defined and times it is instrumentalised for political means.","start":2243.51,"end":2262.95,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."},{"key":"politicization-and-selective-use","label":"Politicization and Selective Use","description":"A widely shared concern was that universal jurisdiction can be abused for political, discriminatory, or selective purposes. Delegations warned against using domestic courts to target foreign officials or advance geopolitical agendas under the banner of justice."}],"words":[{"text":"So","start":2243.51,"end":2243.75},{"text":"my","start":2243.75,"end":2243.91},{"text":"country","start":2243.91,"end":2244.23},{"text":"recognizes","start":2244.23,"end":2244.75},{"text":"the","start":2244.75,"end":2244.83},{"text":"importance","start":2244.83,"end":2245.23},{"text":"of","start":2245.23,"end":2245.31},{"text":"the","start":2245.31,"end":2245.39},{"text":"principle","start":2245.39,"end":2245.83},{"text":"of","start":2245.83,"end":2245.91},{"text":"universal","start":2245.91,"end":2246.39},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":2246.39,"end":2246.95},{"text":"to","start":2246.95,"end":2247.11},{"text":"combat","start":2247.11,"end":2247.47},{"text":"impunity,","start":2247.47,"end":2248.15},{"text":"but","start":2248.63,"end":2248.79},{"text":"notes","start":2248.79,"end":2249.27},{"text":"with","start":2249.27,"end":2249.43},{"text":"regret","start":2249.43,"end":2249.79},{"text":"that","start":2249.79,"end":2249.91},{"text":"its","start":2249.91,"end":2250.15},{"text":"application","start":2250.15,"end":2250.87},{"text":"remains","start":2250.87,"end":2251.43},{"text":"a","start":2251.99,"end":2252.03},{"text":"stumbling","start":2252.03,"end":2252.63},{"text":"block","start":2252.63,"end":2253.03},{"text":"because","start":2253.03,"end":2253.67},{"text":"of","start":2254.51,"end":2254.63},{"text":"its","start":2254.63,"end":2255.03},{"text":"thrust,","start":2255.03,"end":2255.51},{"text":"in","start":2255.91,"end":2256.07},{"text":"fact","start":2256.07,"end":2256.23},{"text":"it's","start":2256.23,"end":2256.47},{"text":"understood","start":2256.47,"end":2257.27},{"text":"in","start":2257.27,"end":2257.43},{"text":"various","start":2257.43,"end":2257.67},{"text":"different","start":2257.67,"end":2257.99},{"text":"ways,","start":2257.99,"end":2258.47},{"text":"it","start":2258.79,"end":2258.95},{"text":"is","start":2258.95,"end":2259.19},{"text":"poorly","start":2259.27,"end":2259.67},{"text":"defined","start":2259.67,"end":2260.31},{"text":"and","start":2260.31,"end":2260.51},{"text":"times","start":2260.71,"end":2260.87},{"text":"it","start":2260.87,"end":2261.03},{"text":"is","start":2261.03,"end":2261.11},{"text":"instrumentalised","start":2261.11,"end":2261.91},{"text":"for","start":2261.91,"end":2262.03},{"text":"political","start":2262.03,"end":2262.47},{"text":"means.","start":2262.47,"end":2262.95}]},{"text":"As an exception to the principles of territoriality and nationality in criminal law, the principle of universal jurisdiction must be applied carefully and in good faith, while strictly respecting the fundamental principles of international law enshrined in the UN Charter, the relevant universal instruments and the general rules of international law.","start":2263.67,"end":2286.99,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiarity-and-last-resort","label":"Subsidiarity and Last Resort","description":"Numerous speakers argued that universal jurisdiction should be secondary to territorial, nationality-based, or other closer jurisdictional links. In this view, it should be used only when the state with primary jurisdiction is unwilling or unable genuinely to investigate and prosecute."},{"key":"sovereignty-and-immunities","label":"Sovereignty and Immunities","description":"Many statements emphasized that the exercise of universal jurisdiction must respect sovereign equality, non-interference, territorial integrity, and the immunities of state officials under international law. Several delegations warned that ignoring these principles would damage interstate relations and the legitimacy of the legal system."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":2263.67,"end":2263.87},{"text":"an","start":2263.91,"end":2264.03},{"text":"exception","start":2264.03,"end":2264.63},{"text":"to","start":2264.63,"end":2264.75},{"text":"the","start":2264.75,"end":2264.87},{"text":"principles","start":2264.87,"end":2265.51},{"text":"of","start":2265.51,"end":2265.59},{"text":"territoriality","start":2265.59,"end":2266.71},{"text":"and","start":2266.71,"end":2266.91},{"text":"nationality","start":2266.91,"end":2267.75},{"text":"in","start":2268.15,"end":2268.47},{"text":"criminal","start":2268.47,"end":2269.23},{"text":"law,","start":2269.23,"end":2269.31},{"text":"the","start":2269.59,"end":2269.71},{"text":"principle","start":2269.71,"end":2270.15},{"text":"of","start":2270.15,"end":2270.23},{"text":"universal","start":2270.23,"end":2270.75},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":2270.75,"end":2271.51},{"text":"must","start":2271.51,"end":2271.79},{"text":"be","start":2271.79,"end":2271.99},{"text":"applied","start":2271.99,"end":2272.47},{"text":"carefully","start":2272.87,"end":2273.59},{"text":"and","start":2273.59,"end":2273.79},{"text":"in","start":2273.79,"end":2273.91},{"text":"good","start":2273.91,"end":2274.15},{"text":"faith,","start":2274.15,"end":2274.63},{"text":"while","start":2275.75,"end":2276.23},{"text":"strictly","start":2276.23,"end":2276.79},{"text":"respecting","start":2276.79,"end":2277.43},{"text":"the","start":2277.43,"end":2277.51},{"text":"fundamental","start":2277.51,"end":2278.03},{"text":"principles","start":2278.03,"end":2278.67},{"text":"of","start":2278.67,"end":2278.75},{"text":"international","start":2278.75,"end":2279.67},{"text":"law","start":2280.07,"end":2280.47},{"text":"enshrined","start":2280.63,"end":2281.15},{"text":"in","start":2281.15,"end":2281.27},{"text":"the","start":2281.27,"end":2281.35},{"text":"UN","start":2281.35,"end":2281.75},{"text":"Charter,","start":2281.75,"end":2282.31},{"text":"the","start":2282.63,"end":2282.79},{"text":"relevant","start":2282.79,"end":2283.19},{"text":"universal","start":2283.27,"end":2283.67},{"text":"instruments","start":2283.67,"end":2284.39},{"text":"and","start":2284.63,"end":2284.91},{"text":"the","start":2284.91,"end":2284.99},{"text":"general","start":2285.11,"end":2285.59},{"text":"rules","start":2285.59,"end":2285.87},{"text":"of","start":2285.87,"end":2285.99},{"text":"international","start":2285.99,"end":2286.91},{"text":"law.","start":2286.91,"end":2286.99}]},{"text":"My delegation is therefore very concerned by the implications of the applicability of universal jurisdiction on state officials enjoying immunity under international law.","start":2287.95,"end":2298.67,"topics":[{"key":"sovereignty-and-immunities","label":"Sovereignty and Immunities","description":"Many statements emphasized that the exercise of universal jurisdiction must respect sovereign equality, non-interference, territorial integrity, and the immunities of state officials under international law. Several delegations warned that ignoring these principles would damage interstate relations and the legitimacy of the legal system."}],"words":[{"text":"My","start":2287.95,"end":2288.11},{"text":"delegation","start":2288.11,"end":2288.71},{"text":"is","start":2288.71,"end":2288.79},{"text":"therefore","start":2288.79,"end":2289.07},{"text":"very","start":2289.07,"end":2289.31},{"text":"concerned","start":2289.31,"end":2290.03},{"text":"by","start":2290.27,"end":2290.51},{"text":"the","start":2290.51,"end":2290.63},{"text":"implications","start":2290.63,"end":2291.43},{"text":"of","start":2291.43,"end":2291.55},{"text":"the","start":2291.55,"end":2291.67},{"text":"applicability","start":2291.67,"end":2292.35},{"text":"of","start":2292.35,"end":2292.51},{"text":"universal","start":2292.51,"end":2292.99},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":2292.99,"end":2293.87},{"text":"on","start":2294.35,"end":2294.75},{"text":"state","start":2294.75,"end":2295.15},{"text":"officials","start":2295.15,"end":2295.95},{"text":"enjoying","start":2295.95,"end":2296.51},{"text":"immunity","start":2296.51,"end":2297.23},{"text":"under","start":2297.31,"end":2297.63},{"text":"international","start":2297.63,"end":2298.55},{"text":"law.","start":2298.55,"end":2298.67}]},{"text":"This situation harms the sovereignty of the states affected and is an abusive use of universal jurisdiction.","start":2299.23,"end":2307.95,"topics":[{"key":"sovereignty-and-immunities","label":"Sovereignty and Immunities","description":"Many statements emphasized that the exercise of universal jurisdiction must respect sovereign equality, non-interference, territorial integrity, and the immunities of state officials under international law. Several delegations warned that ignoring these principles would damage interstate relations and the legitimacy of the legal system."},{"key":"politicization-and-selective-use","label":"Politicization and Selective Use","description":"A widely shared concern was that universal jurisdiction can be abused for political, discriminatory, or selective purposes. Delegations warned against using domestic courts to target foreign officials or advance geopolitical agendas under the banner of justice."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":2299.23,"end":2299.43},{"text":"situation","start":2299.43,"end":2300.19},{"text":"harms","start":2300.19,"end":2300.55},{"text":"the","start":2300.55,"end":2300.71},{"text":"sovereignty","start":2300.75,"end":2301.43},{"text":"of","start":2301.43,"end":2301.55},{"text":"the","start":2301.55,"end":2301.63},{"text":"states","start":2301.63,"end":2302.03},{"text":"affected","start":2302.03,"end":2302.75},{"text":"and","start":2303.31,"end":2303.71},{"text":"is","start":2304.03,"end":2304.23},{"text":"an","start":2304.23,"end":2304.31},{"text":"abusive","start":2304.31,"end":2305.07},{"text":"use","start":2305.15,"end":2305.71},{"text":"of","start":2306.03,"end":2306.35},{"text":"universal","start":2306.43,"end":2306.99},{"text":"jurisdiction.","start":2306.99,"end":2307.95}]},{"text":"Furthermore, we have noted with regret that some national jurisdictions that sought to use the principle of universal jurisdiction did so selectively and in a condescending manner furthermore.","start":2308.35,"end":2325.47,"topics":[{"key":"politicization-and-selective-use","label":"Politicization and Selective Use","description":"A widely shared concern was that universal jurisdiction can be abused for political, discriminatory, or selective purposes. Delegations warned against using domestic courts to target foreign officials or advance geopolitical agendas under the banner of justice."}],"words":[{"text":"Furthermore,","start":2308.35,"end":2308.99},{"text":"we","start":2310.19,"end":2310.59},{"text":"have","start":2311.15,"end":2311.31},{"text":"noted","start":2311.47,"end":2311.95},{"text":"with","start":2311.95,"end":2312.11},{"text":"regret","start":2312.11,"end":2312.51},{"text":"that","start":2312.51,"end":2312.75},{"text":"some","start":2312.75,"end":2313.23},{"text":"national","start":2313.23,"end":2313.87},{"text":"jurisdictions","start":2313.87,"end":2315.07},{"text":"that","start":2315.47,"end":2315.71},{"text":"sought","start":2315.71,"end":2316.35},{"text":"to","start":2316.51,"end":2316.59},{"text":"use","start":2318.11,"end":2318.31},{"text":"the","start":2318.31,"end":2318.39},{"text":"principle","start":2318.39,"end":2318.87},{"text":"of","start":2318.87,"end":2318.99},{"text":"universal","start":2318.99,"end":2319.47},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":2319.47,"end":2320.43},{"text":"did","start":2320.99,"end":2321.23},{"text":"so","start":2321.23,"end":2321.63},{"text":"selectively","start":2321.63,"end":2322.83},{"text":"and","start":2323.07,"end":2323.27},{"text":"in","start":2323.27,"end":2323.35},{"text":"a","start":2323.35,"end":2323.39},{"text":"condescending","start":2323.39,"end":2324.35},{"text":"manner","start":2324.35,"end":2324.83},{"text":"furthermore.","start":2324.83,"end":2325.47}]},{"text":"In any case my delegation would like to highlight that immunities belong to the state and only the state can lift these to enable smooth running of the judicial system.","start":2326.11,"end":2338.11,"topics":[{"key":"sovereignty-and-immunities","label":"Sovereignty and Immunities","description":"Many statements emphasized that the exercise of universal jurisdiction must respect sovereign equality, non-interference, territorial integrity, and the immunities of state officials under international law. Several delegations warned that ignoring these principles would damage interstate relations and the legitimacy of the legal system."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":2326.11,"end":2326.27},{"text":"any","start":2326.27,"end":2326.47},{"text":"case","start":2326.47,"end":2326.75},{"text":"my","start":2326.75,"end":2326.91},{"text":"delegation","start":2326.91,"end":2327.63},{"text":"would","start":2327.63,"end":2327.87},{"text":"like","start":2327.87,"end":2328.27},{"text":"to","start":2328.27,"end":2328.55},{"text":"highlight","start":2329.31,"end":2329.87},{"text":"that","start":2329.95,"end":2330.19},{"text":"immunities","start":2330.19,"end":2330.91},{"text":"belong","start":2330.91,"end":2331.47},{"text":"to","start":2331.47,"end":2331.71},{"text":"the","start":2331.71,"end":2331.83},{"text":"state","start":2331.83,"end":2332.35},{"text":"and","start":2332.67,"end":2332.83},{"text":"only","start":2332.83,"end":2333.31},{"text":"the","start":2333.31,"end":2333.39},{"text":"state","start":2333.39,"end":2333.95},{"text":"can","start":2333.95,"end":2334.19},{"text":"lift","start":2334.19,"end":2334.59},{"text":"these","start":2334.59,"end":2334.91},{"text":"to","start":2334.91,"end":2335.15},{"text":"enable","start":2335.23,"end":2335.79},{"text":"smooth","start":2335.95,"end":2336.51},{"text":"running","start":2336.75,"end":2337.03},{"text":"of","start":2337.03,"end":2337.15},{"text":"the","start":2337.15,"end":2337.27},{"text":"judicial","start":2337.31,"end":2337.71},{"text":"system.","start":2337.71,"end":2338.11}]},{"text":"My delegation condemns any question of the immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction of state officials, because this can harm the stability of states.","start":2338.35,"end":2348.91,"topics":[{"key":"sovereignty-and-immunities","label":"Sovereignty and Immunities","description":"Many statements emphasized that the exercise of universal jurisdiction must respect sovereign equality, non-interference, territorial integrity, and the immunities of state officials under international law. Several delegations warned that ignoring these principles would damage interstate relations and the legitimacy of the legal system."}],"words":[{"text":"My","start":2338.35,"end":2338.51},{"text":"delegation","start":2338.51,"end":2339.15},{"text":"condemns","start":2339.15,"end":2339.79},{"text":"any","start":2339.87,"end":2340.35},{"text":"question","start":2340.91,"end":2341.55},{"text":"of","start":2341.55,"end":2342.03},{"text":"the","start":2342.27,"end":2342.47},{"text":"immunity","start":2342.51,"end":2343.31},{"text":"from","start":2343.31,"end":2343.51},{"text":"foreign","start":2343.51,"end":2343.87},{"text":"criminal","start":2343.87,"end":2344.27},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":2344.27,"end":2344.99},{"text":"of","start":2344.99,"end":2345.23},{"text":"state","start":2345.23,"end":2345.55},{"text":"officials,","start":2345.55,"end":2346.11},{"text":"because","start":2346.11,"end":2346.43},{"text":"this","start":2346.75,"end":2347.07},{"text":"can","start":2347.07,"end":2347.31},{"text":"harm","start":2347.31,"end":2347.63},{"text":"the","start":2347.63,"end":2347.75},{"text":"stability","start":2347.75,"end":2348.27},{"text":"of","start":2348.27,"end":2348.35},{"text":"states.","start":2348.35,"end":2348.91}]},{"text":"The scope of the principle of universal jurisdiction must be clearly defined and its limits formally determined so that it is applied in a disinterested way to avoid any abuse.","start":2349.39,"end":2361.63,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."},{"key":"politicization-and-selective-use","label":"Politicization and Selective Use","description":"A widely shared concern was that universal jurisdiction can be abused for political, discriminatory, or selective purposes. Delegations warned against using domestic courts to target foreign officials or advance geopolitical agendas under the banner of justice."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2349.39,"end":2349.63},{"text":"scope","start":2349.63,"end":2350.07},{"text":"of","start":2350.07,"end":2350.15},{"text":"the","start":2350.15,"end":2350.27},{"text":"principle","start":2350.27,"end":2350.75},{"text":"of","start":2350.75,"end":2350.83},{"text":"universal","start":2350.83,"end":2351.31},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":2351.31,"end":2352.03},{"text":"must","start":2352.03,"end":2352.27},{"text":"be","start":2352.27,"end":2352.35},{"text":"clearly","start":2352.35,"end":2352.83},{"text":"defined","start":2352.83,"end":2353.39},{"text":"and","start":2353.79,"end":2353.99},{"text":"its","start":2353.99,"end":2354.11},{"text":"limits","start":2354.11,"end":2354.75},{"text":"formally","start":2354.99,"end":2355.55},{"text":"determined","start":2355.55,"end":2356.19},{"text":"so","start":2356.19,"end":2356.43},{"text":"that","start":2356.43,"end":2356.59},{"text":"it","start":2356.59,"end":2356.83},{"text":"is","start":2356.99,"end":2357.23},{"text":"applied","start":2357.23,"end":2357.87},{"text":"in","start":2358.27,"end":2358.59},{"text":"a","start":2358.59,"end":2358.63},{"text":"disinterested","start":2358.63,"end":2359.71},{"text":"way","start":2359.71,"end":2360.11},{"text":"to","start":2360.11,"end":2360.31},{"text":"avoid","start":2360.31,"end":2360.75},{"text":"any","start":2360.75,"end":2360.99},{"text":"abuse.","start":2360.99,"end":2361.63}]},{"text":"universal jurisdiction should extend to a range of predetermined crimes depending on the positions of all states.","start":2362.07,"end":2370.71,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"universal","start":2362.07,"end":2362.63},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":2362.63,"end":2363.51},{"text":"should","start":2363.83,"end":2364.39},{"text":"extend","start":2364.39,"end":2365.03},{"text":"to","start":2365.03,"end":2365.27},{"text":"a","start":2365.51,"end":2365.55},{"text":"range","start":2365.55,"end":2366.15},{"text":"of","start":2366.15,"end":2366.55},{"text":"predetermined","start":2366.87,"end":2367.67},{"text":"crimes","start":2367.67,"end":2368.23},{"text":"depending","start":2368.23,"end":2368.79},{"text":"on","start":2368.79,"end":2368.95},{"text":"the","start":2368.95,"end":2369.07},{"text":"positions","start":2369.11,"end":2369.71},{"text":"of","start":2369.71,"end":2369.83},{"text":"all","start":2369.87,"end":2370.15},{"text":"states.","start":2370.15,"end":2370.71}]},{"text":"It, in our opinion, could be used for the crimes of terrorism and its financing, the crime of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, the crime of slavery, torture and trafficking in persons.","start":2371.19,"end":2385.51,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."},{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."}],"words":[{"text":"It,","start":2371.19,"end":2371.59},{"text":"in","start":2371.59,"end":2371.83},{"text":"our","start":2371.83,"end":2371.99},{"text":"opinion,","start":2371.99,"end":2372.63},{"text":"could","start":2372.79,"end":2373.27},{"text":"be","start":2373.27,"end":2373.59},{"text":"used","start":2373.59,"end":2374.07},{"text":"for","start":2374.39,"end":2374.79},{"text":"the","start":2374.79,"end":2374.95},{"text":"crimes","start":2374.95,"end":2375.31},{"text":"of","start":2375.31,"end":2375.43},{"text":"terrorism","start":2375.43,"end":2375.95},{"text":"and","start":2375.95,"end":2376.11},{"text":"its","start":2376.11,"end":2376.23},{"text":"financing,","start":2376.23,"end":2376.99},{"text":"the","start":2376.99,"end":2377.07},{"text":"crime","start":2377.07,"end":2377.35},{"text":"of","start":2377.35,"end":2377.51},{"text":"genocide,","start":2377.51,"end":2378.23},{"text":"war","start":2378.63,"end":2378.91},{"text":"crimes,","start":2378.91,"end":2379.43},{"text":"crimes","start":2379.43,"end":2379.79},{"text":"against","start":2379.79,"end":2380.11},{"text":"humanity,","start":2380.11,"end":2380.87},{"text":"the","start":2381.11,"end":2381.27},{"text":"crime","start":2381.27,"end":2381.67},{"text":"of","start":2381.87,"end":2382.07},{"text":"slavery,","start":2382.07,"end":2382.71},{"text":"torture","start":2383.03,"end":2383.59},{"text":"and","start":2383.67,"end":2383.95},{"text":"trafficking","start":2383.95,"end":2384.47},{"text":"in","start":2384.47,"end":2384.63},{"text":"persons.","start":2384.63,"end":2385.51}]},{"text":"In conclusion, Mr Chairman, my delegation remains open to engaging in constructive debates on this item of the agenda and remains engaged in the fight against the most serious crimes and impunity against these, whilst respecting the fundamental principles","start":2385.99,"end":2401.99,"topics":[{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."},{"key":"sovereignty-and-immunities","label":"Sovereignty and Immunities","description":"Many statements emphasized that the exercise of universal jurisdiction must respect sovereign equality, non-interference, territorial integrity, and the immunities of state officials under international law. Several delegations warned that ignoring these principles would damage interstate relations and the legitimacy of the legal system."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":2385.99,"end":2386.07},{"text":"conclusion,","start":2386.07,"end":2386.67},{"text":"Mr","start":2386.67,"end":2387.11},{"text":"Chairman,","start":2387.19,"end":2387.67},{"text":"my","start":2387.67,"end":2387.83},{"text":"delegation","start":2387.83,"end":2388.47},{"text":"remains","start":2388.47,"end":2388.79},{"text":"open","start":2388.79,"end":2389.35},{"text":"to","start":2389.75,"end":2389.99},{"text":"engaging","start":2390.07,"end":2390.51},{"text":"in","start":2390.51,"end":2390.63},{"text":"constructive","start":2390.63,"end":2391.23},{"text":"debates","start":2391.23,"end":2391.67},{"text":"on","start":2391.67,"end":2391.87},{"text":"this","start":2391.87,"end":2392.07},{"text":"item","start":2392.07,"end":2392.31},{"text":"of","start":2392.31,"end":2392.39},{"text":"the","start":2392.39,"end":2392.51},{"text":"agenda","start":2392.51,"end":2393.03},{"text":"and","start":2393.51,"end":2393.75},{"text":"remains","start":2393.75,"end":2394.19},{"text":"engaged","start":2394.19,"end":2394.63},{"text":"in","start":2394.63,"end":2394.75},{"text":"the","start":2394.75,"end":2394.83},{"text":"fight","start":2394.83,"end":2395.11},{"text":"against","start":2395.11,"end":2395.43},{"text":"the","start":2395.43,"end":2395.55},{"text":"most","start":2395.55,"end":2395.79},{"text":"serious","start":2395.79,"end":2396.31},{"text":"crimes","start":2396.71,"end":2397.51},{"text":"and","start":2397.87,"end":2397.99},{"text":"impunity","start":2397.99,"end":2398.51},{"text":"against","start":2398.51,"end":2398.87},{"text":"these,","start":2398.87,"end":2399.27},{"text":"whilst","start":2399.39,"end":2399.67},{"text":"respecting","start":2399.67,"end":2400.07},{"text":"the","start":2400.07,"end":2400.15},{"text":"fundamental","start":2400.15,"end":2401.59},{"text":"principles","start":2401.59,"end":2401.99}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"of international law.","start":2402.71,"end":2403.79,"topics":[{"key":"sovereignty-and-immunities","label":"Sovereignty and Immunities","description":"Many statements emphasized that the exercise of universal jurisdiction must respect sovereign equality, non-interference, territorial integrity, and the immunities of state officials under international law. Several delegations warned that ignoring these principles would damage interstate relations and the legitimacy of the legal system."}],"words":[{"text":"of","start":2402.71,"end":2402.99},{"text":"international","start":2403.03,"end":2403.71},{"text":"law.","start":2403.71,"end":2403.79}]},{"text":"Thank you.","start":2403.79,"end":2404.03,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":2403.79,"end":2403.95},{"text":"you.","start":2403.95,"end":2404.03}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"I would like to thank you.","start":2404.63,"end":2405.75,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":2404.63,"end":2404.79},{"text":"would","start":2404.79,"end":2404.91},{"text":"like","start":2404.91,"end":2405.07},{"text":"to","start":2405.07,"end":2405.19},{"text":"thank","start":2405.19,"end":2405.59},{"text":"you.","start":2405.59,"end":2405.75}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"BFA","affiliation_full":"Burkina Faso","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":19,"start":2405.91,"pageUrl":"/en/ga/c6/80/23?t=2406","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I now give the floor to","start":2405.91,"end":2407.03,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":2405.91,"end":2406.07},{"text":"now","start":2406.07,"end":2406.15},{"text":"give","start":2406.15,"end":2406.27},{"text":"the","start":2406.27,"end":2406.39},{"text":"floor","start":2406.39,"end":2406.63},{"text":"to","start":2406.63,"end":2407.03}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"the representative of Mexico.","start":2407.43,"end":2408.99,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"the","start":2407.43,"end":2407.67},{"text":"representative","start":2407.67,"end":2408.47},{"text":"of","start":2408.47,"end":2408.55},{"text":"Mexico.","start":2408.55,"end":2408.99}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"6th Committee","affiliation_full":"6th Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":20,"start":2413.51,"pageUrl":"/en/ga/c6/80/23?t=2414","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you very much, Mr Chairman.","start":2413.51,"end":2414.87,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":2413.51,"end":2413.67},{"text":"you","start":2413.67,"end":2413.75},{"text":"very","start":2413.75,"end":2413.95},{"text":"much,","start":2413.95,"end":2414.23},{"text":"Mr","start":2414.23,"end":2414.47},{"text":"Chairman.","start":2414.47,"end":2414.87}]},{"text":"It's important that debates on universal jurisdiction enjoy a high level of legal technicality and that all dimensions of this principle are considered so as to avoid its misuse while ensuring that it serves as a genuine tool against impunity.","start":2415.87,"end":2434.15,"topics":[{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."},{"key":"procedural-safeguards","label":"Procedural Safeguards","description":"Many delegations called for procedural limits to ensure fair and disciplined use of universal jurisdiction. Frequently mentioned safeguards included the presence of the accused in the forum state, due process guarantees, prior consultation with concerned states, high-level prosecutorial review, and protection against duplicative proceedings."}],"words":[{"text":"It's","start":2415.87,"end":2416.07},{"text":"important","start":2416.07,"end":2416.71},{"text":"that","start":2416.71,"end":2416.87},{"text":"debates","start":2416.87,"end":2417.43},{"text":"on","start":2417.43,"end":2417.67},{"text":"universal","start":2417.67,"end":2418.23},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":2418.23,"end":2419.19},{"text":"enjoy","start":2419.59,"end":2419.87},{"text":"a","start":2419.87,"end":2419.91},{"text":"high","start":2420.39,"end":2420.79},{"text":"level","start":2420.79,"end":2421.27},{"text":"of","start":2421.27,"end":2421.67},{"text":"legal","start":2421.67,"end":2422.03},{"text":"technicality","start":2422.03,"end":2423.11},{"text":"and","start":2423.11,"end":2423.43},{"text":"that","start":2423.43,"end":2423.67},{"text":"all","start":2423.71,"end":2423.91},{"text":"dimensions","start":2423.91,"end":2424.59},{"text":"of","start":2424.59,"end":2424.67},{"text":"this","start":2424.67,"end":2424.87},{"text":"principle","start":2424.87,"end":2425.51},{"text":"are","start":2425.51,"end":2425.75},{"text":"considered","start":2425.75,"end":2426.47},{"text":"so","start":2426.87,"end":2427.35},{"text":"as","start":2427.35,"end":2427.67},{"text":"to","start":2427.67,"end":2427.99},{"text":"avoid","start":2428.15,"end":2428.95},{"text":"its","start":2428.95,"end":2429.27},{"text":"misuse","start":2429.27,"end":2430.11},{"text":"while","start":2430.11,"end":2430.47},{"text":"ensuring","start":2430.47,"end":2430.95},{"text":"that","start":2430.95,"end":2431.11},{"text":"it","start":2431.11,"end":2431.19},{"text":"serves","start":2431.19,"end":2431.75},{"text":"as","start":2431.75,"end":2432.19},{"text":"a","start":2432.19,"end":2432.23},{"text":"genuine","start":2432.39,"end":2432.87},{"text":"tool","start":2432.87,"end":2433.19},{"text":"against","start":2433.19,"end":2433.43},{"text":"impunity.","start":2433.43,"end":2434.15}]},{"text":"Mexico has stressed in this and other fora several crucial elements to ensure the effectiveness of this principle.","start":2434.87,"end":2442.47,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Mexico","start":2434.87,"end":2435.59},{"text":"has","start":2435.91,"end":2436.19},{"text":"stressed","start":2436.23,"end":2436.87},{"text":"in","start":2436.87,"end":2437.03},{"text":"this","start":2437.03,"end":2437.35},{"text":"and","start":2437.35,"end":2437.47},{"text":"other","start":2437.47,"end":2437.67},{"text":"fora","start":2437.67,"end":2438.23},{"text":"several","start":2438.63,"end":2439.35},{"text":"crucial","start":2439.35,"end":2439.83},{"text":"elements","start":2439.83,"end":2440.31},{"text":"to","start":2440.31,"end":2440.51},{"text":"ensure","start":2440.51,"end":2440.87},{"text":"the","start":2440.87,"end":2440.95},{"text":"effectiveness","start":2440.95,"end":2441.59},{"text":"of","start":2441.59,"end":2441.67},{"text":"this","start":2441.67,"end":2441.83},{"text":"principle.","start":2441.83,"end":2442.47}]},{"text":"In particular, we recall that it is subsidiary in nature in relation to the jurisdiction of the territorial state.","start":2443.23,"end":2452.95,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiarity-and-last-resort","label":"Subsidiarity and Last Resort","description":"Numerous speakers argued that universal jurisdiction should be secondary to territorial, nationality-based, or other closer jurisdictional links. In this view, it should be used only when the state with primary jurisdiction is unwilling or unable genuinely to investigate and prosecute."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":2443.23,"end":2443.35},{"text":"particular,","start":2443.35,"end":2444.03},{"text":"we","start":2444.23,"end":2444.63},{"text":"recall","start":2444.63,"end":2445.35},{"text":"that","start":2446.15,"end":2446.47},{"text":"it","start":2446.55,"end":2446.95},{"text":"is","start":2446.95,"end":2447.59},{"text":"subsidiary","start":2447.75,"end":2448.59},{"text":"in","start":2448.59,"end":2448.75},{"text":"nature","start":2448.75,"end":2449.43},{"text":"in","start":2449.43,"end":2449.75},{"text":"relation","start":2449.79,"end":2450.31},{"text":"to","start":2450.31,"end":2450.39},{"text":"the","start":2450.39,"end":2450.51},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":2450.51,"end":2451.35},{"text":"of","start":2451.35,"end":2451.59},{"text":"the","start":2451.59,"end":2451.67},{"text":"territorial","start":2451.67,"end":2452.43},{"text":"state.","start":2452.43,"end":2452.95}]},{"text":"National courts with this type of jurisdiction must maintain primacy and universal jurisdiction should only be activated when these courts lack either the capacity or the willingness to act and when the International Criminal Court does not have jurisdiction.","start":2454.07,"end":2471.67,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiarity-and-last-resort","label":"Subsidiarity and Last Resort","description":"Numerous speakers argued that universal jurisdiction should be secondary to territorial, nationality-based, or other closer jurisdictional links. In this view, it should be used only when the state with primary jurisdiction is unwilling or unable genuinely to investigate and prosecute."},{"key":"cooperation-and-national-capacity","label":"International Cooperation and National Capacity","description":"A recurring topic was the need to strengthen domestic justice systems and expand cooperation through extradition, mutual legal assistance, and judicial coordination. Delegations argued that stronger national capacity and better interstate cooperation are essential both to combat impunity and to reduce overreliance on universal jurisdiction."}],"words":[{"text":"National","start":2454.07,"end":2454.75},{"text":"courts","start":2454.79,"end":2455.67},{"text":"with","start":2455.91,"end":2456.19},{"text":"this","start":2456.19,"end":2456.31},{"text":"type","start":2456.31,"end":2456.59},{"text":"of","start":2456.59,"end":2456.71},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":2456.71,"end":2457.43},{"text":"must","start":2457.43,"end":2457.91},{"text":"maintain","start":2457.91,"end":2459.11},{"text":"primacy","start":2459.27,"end":2460.07},{"text":"and","start":2460.47,"end":2460.71},{"text":"universal","start":2460.71,"end":2461.15},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":2461.15,"end":2461.75},{"text":"should","start":2461.75,"end":2461.99},{"text":"only","start":2461.99,"end":2462.15},{"text":"be","start":2462.15,"end":2462.31},{"text":"activated","start":2462.31,"end":2462.95},{"text":"when","start":2462.95,"end":2463.15},{"text":"these","start":2463.15,"end":2463.35},{"text":"courts","start":2463.35,"end":2463.91},{"text":"lack","start":2464.31,"end":2464.79},{"text":"either","start":2465.03,"end":2465.31},{"text":"the","start":2465.31,"end":2465.39},{"text":"capacity","start":2465.39,"end":2465.99},{"text":"or","start":2465.99,"end":2466.07},{"text":"the","start":2466.07,"end":2466.15},{"text":"willingness","start":2466.15,"end":2466.63},{"text":"to","start":2466.63,"end":2466.79},{"text":"act","start":2466.79,"end":2467.19},{"text":"and","start":2467.59,"end":2467.79},{"text":"when","start":2467.79,"end":2468.07},{"text":"the","start":2468.07,"end":2468.19},{"text":"International","start":2468.19,"end":2468.87},{"text":"Criminal","start":2468.87,"end":2469.27},{"text":"Court","start":2469.27,"end":2469.83},{"text":"does","start":2469.91,"end":2470.23},{"text":"not","start":2470.23,"end":2470.63},{"text":"have","start":2470.63,"end":2470.87},{"text":"jurisdiction.","start":2470.87,"end":2471.67}]},{"text":"For this, it is important for universal jurisdiction to maintain its effectiveness and legitimacy.","start":2475.83,"end":2482.07,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"For","start":2475.83,"end":2476.07},{"text":"this,","start":2476.07,"end":2476.79},{"text":"it","start":2477.51,"end":2477.67},{"text":"is","start":2477.67,"end":2477.75},{"text":"important","start":2477.75,"end":2478.27},{"text":"for","start":2478.27,"end":2478.71},{"text":"universal","start":2478.71,"end":2479.27},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":2479.27,"end":2479.91},{"text":"to","start":2479.91,"end":2480.03},{"text":"maintain","start":2480.03,"end":2480.51},{"text":"its","start":2480.51,"end":2480.63},{"text":"effectiveness","start":2480.63,"end":2481.15},{"text":"and","start":2481.15,"end":2481.27},{"text":"legitimacy.","start":2481.27,"end":2482.07}]},{"text":"Sovereignty and the principle of non-intervention in the domestic affairs of other states must be respected while at the same time seeking to eliminate impunity for grave conduct that may even violate erga omnes norms of international law.","start":2482.71,"end":2500.87,"topics":[{"key":"sovereignty-and-immunities","label":"Sovereignty and Immunities","description":"Many statements emphasized that the exercise of universal jurisdiction must respect sovereign equality, non-interference, territorial integrity, and the immunities of state officials under international law. Several delegations warned that ignoring these principles would damage interstate relations and the legitimacy of the legal system."},{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."}],"words":[{"text":"Sovereignty","start":2482.71,"end":2483.75},{"text":"and","start":2483.75,"end":2484.15},{"text":"the","start":2484.15,"end":2484.27},{"text":"principle","start":2484.39,"end":2485.11},{"text":"of","start":2485.11,"end":2485.35},{"text":"non-intervention","start":2485.35,"end":2486.55},{"text":"in","start":2486.55,"end":2486.79},{"text":"the","start":2486.79,"end":2486.99},{"text":"domestic","start":2487.19,"end":2487.71},{"text":"affairs","start":2487.71,"end":2488.03},{"text":"of","start":2488.03,"end":2488.15},{"text":"other","start":2488.15,"end":2488.47},{"text":"states","start":2488.47,"end":2489.03},{"text":"must","start":2489.27,"end":2489.67},{"text":"be","start":2489.67,"end":2489.99},{"text":"respected","start":2489.99,"end":2490.83},{"text":"while","start":2490.83,"end":2491.11},{"text":"at","start":2491.11,"end":2491.19},{"text":"the","start":2491.19,"end":2491.27},{"text":"same","start":2491.27,"end":2491.59},{"text":"time","start":2491.59,"end":2491.99},{"text":"seeking","start":2491.99,"end":2492.47},{"text":"to","start":2492.47,"end":2492.63},{"text":"eliminate","start":2492.63,"end":2493.19},{"text":"impunity","start":2493.19,"end":2493.99},{"text":"for","start":2493.99,"end":2494.47},{"text":"grave","start":2494.95,"end":2495.35},{"text":"conduct","start":2495.35,"end":2496.07},{"text":"that","start":2496.07,"end":2496.31},{"text":"may","start":2496.31,"end":2496.71},{"text":"even","start":2497.03,"end":2497.43},{"text":"violate","start":2497.43,"end":2497.99},{"text":"erga","start":2498.15,"end":2498.47},{"text":"omnes","start":2498.47,"end":2499.03},{"text":"norms","start":2499.03,"end":2499.75},{"text":"of","start":2499.79,"end":2499.91},{"text":"international","start":2499.91,"end":2500.79},{"text":"law.","start":2500.79,"end":2500.87}]},{"text":"Turning to the need for a technical debate, Mexico believes that the inclusion of the topic of universal jurisdiction in the long-term work programme of the ILC was an important step forward.","start":2503.83,"end":2516.31,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"Turning","start":2503.83,"end":2504.23},{"text":"to","start":2504.23,"end":2504.35},{"text":"the","start":2504.35,"end":2504.43},{"text":"need","start":2504.43,"end":2504.63},{"text":"for","start":2504.63,"end":2504.91},{"text":"a","start":2504.91,"end":2504.95},{"text":"technical","start":2504.95,"end":2505.51},{"text":"debate,","start":2505.51,"end":2506.07},{"text":"Mexico","start":2506.07,"end":2506.87},{"text":"believes","start":2507.19,"end":2507.75},{"text":"that","start":2507.75,"end":2508.15},{"text":"the","start":2508.15,"end":2508.31},{"text":"inclusion","start":2508.55,"end":2509.31},{"text":"of","start":2509.31,"end":2509.43},{"text":"the","start":2509.43,"end":2509.51},{"text":"topic","start":2509.51,"end":2509.83},{"text":"of","start":2509.83,"end":2509.95},{"text":"universal","start":2509.95,"end":2510.39},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":2510.39,"end":2511.27},{"text":"in","start":2511.27,"end":2511.43},{"text":"the","start":2511.43,"end":2511.55},{"text":"long-term","start":2511.59,"end":2512.39},{"text":"work","start":2512.39,"end":2512.71},{"text":"programme","start":2512.71,"end":2513.35},{"text":"of","start":2513.35,"end":2513.67},{"text":"the","start":2513.75,"end":2513.83},{"text":"ILC","start":2514.07,"end":2514.79},{"text":"was","start":2514.79,"end":2514.95},{"text":"an","start":2514.95,"end":2515.03},{"text":"important","start":2515.03,"end":2515.55},{"text":"step","start":2515.55,"end":2515.75},{"text":"forward.","start":2515.75,"end":2516.31}]},{"text":"However, we insist that it is time for the Commission to include the topic in its current work programme.","start":2517.63,"end":2525.07,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"However,","start":2517.63,"end":2518.35},{"text":"we","start":2518.35,"end":2518.55},{"text":"insist","start":2518.55,"end":2519.19},{"text":"that","start":2519.19,"end":2519.39},{"text":"it","start":2519.39,"end":2519.55},{"text":"is","start":2519.55,"end":2519.71},{"text":"time","start":2519.71,"end":2520.27},{"text":"for","start":2520.27,"end":2520.51},{"text":"the","start":2520.51,"end":2520.67},{"text":"Commission","start":2520.67,"end":2521.31},{"text":"to","start":2521.31,"end":2521.43},{"text":"include","start":2521.43,"end":2522.19},{"text":"the","start":2522.19,"end":2522.31},{"text":"topic","start":2522.31,"end":2522.83},{"text":"in","start":2522.83,"end":2523.23},{"text":"its","start":2523.23,"end":2523.55},{"text":"current","start":2523.55,"end":2524.11},{"text":"work","start":2524.11,"end":2524.43},{"text":"programme.","start":2524.43,"end":2525.07}]},{"text":"This would help to establish a clear and functional legal framework around this principle.","start":2525.47,"end":2530.99,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":2525.47,"end":2525.71},{"text":"would","start":2525.71,"end":2525.91},{"text":"help","start":2525.91,"end":2526.15},{"text":"to","start":2526.15,"end":2526.35},{"text":"establish","start":2526.35,"end":2526.91},{"text":"a","start":2526.99,"end":2527.03},{"text":"clear","start":2527.03,"end":2527.63},{"text":"and","start":2527.63,"end":2527.83},{"text":"functional","start":2527.83,"end":2528.71},{"text":"legal","start":2528.71,"end":2529.07},{"text":"framework","start":2529.07,"end":2529.79},{"text":"around","start":2529.87,"end":2530.15},{"text":"this","start":2530.15,"end":2530.27},{"text":"principle.","start":2530.27,"end":2530.99}]},{"text":"We also reiterate that the International Law Commission, when making decisions on its agenda, should prioritise the needs and requests made by States.","start":2531.95,"end":2543.07,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":2531.95,"end":2532.11},{"text":"also","start":2532.11,"end":2532.43},{"text":"reiterate","start":2532.43,"end":2533.31},{"text":"that","start":2533.31,"end":2533.63},{"text":"the","start":2533.63,"end":2533.83},{"text":"International","start":2533.83,"end":2534.55},{"text":"Law","start":2534.55,"end":2534.63},{"text":"Commission,","start":2534.63,"end":2535.39},{"text":"when","start":2535.83,"end":2536.35},{"text":"making","start":2536.35,"end":2536.67},{"text":"decisions","start":2536.67,"end":2537.15},{"text":"on","start":2537.15,"end":2537.23},{"text":"its","start":2537.23,"end":2537.35},{"text":"agenda,","start":2537.35,"end":2537.95},{"text":"should","start":2537.95,"end":2538.43},{"text":"prioritise","start":2538.43,"end":2539.47},{"text":"the","start":2540.03,"end":2540.19},{"text":"needs","start":2540.19,"end":2540.75},{"text":"and","start":2540.75,"end":2540.99},{"text":"requests","start":2540.99,"end":2541.87},{"text":"made","start":2541.87,"end":2542.19},{"text":"by","start":2542.19,"end":2542.35},{"text":"States.","start":2542.35,"end":2543.07}]},{"text":"Furthermore, the working group of the sixth committee must remain focused on enabling states to find points of consensus, enabling them to discuss their differences on this highly relevant issue.","start":2546.71,"end":2560.35,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Furthermore,","start":2546.71,"end":2547.27},{"text":"the","start":2548.11,"end":2548.19},{"text":"working","start":2548.19,"end":2548.67},{"text":"group","start":2548.67,"end":2548.91},{"text":"of","start":2548.91,"end":2548.99},{"text":"the","start":2548.99,"end":2549.11},{"text":"sixth","start":2549.11,"end":2549.39},{"text":"committee","start":2549.39,"end":2550.11},{"text":"must","start":2550.19,"end":2550.75},{"text":"remain","start":2551.79,"end":2552.19},{"text":"focused","start":2552.19,"end":2552.83},{"text":"on","start":2552.83,"end":2553.15},{"text":"enabling","start":2553.15,"end":2553.71},{"text":"states","start":2553.71,"end":2554.07},{"text":"to","start":2554.07,"end":2554.15},{"text":"find","start":2554.19,"end":2554.51},{"text":"points","start":2554.51,"end":2554.95},{"text":"of","start":2554.95,"end":2555.07},{"text":"consensus,","start":2555.07,"end":2556.03},{"text":"enabling","start":2556.67,"end":2557.15},{"text":"them","start":2557.15,"end":2557.31},{"text":"to","start":2557.31,"end":2557.39},{"text":"discuss","start":2557.39,"end":2557.87},{"text":"their","start":2557.87,"end":2558.03},{"text":"differences","start":2558.03,"end":2558.75},{"text":"on","start":2558.75,"end":2558.91},{"text":"this","start":2558.91,"end":2559.07},{"text":"highly","start":2559.07,"end":2559.47},{"text":"relevant","start":2559.47,"end":2559.79},{"text":"issue.","start":2559.79,"end":2560.35}]},{"text":"Chair, the current times compel us to engage in rigorous and urgent discussions about the tools available to states to uphold international law and individual criminal liability.","start":2565.15,"end":2579.19,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Chair,","start":2565.15,"end":2565.67},{"text":"the","start":2566.99,"end":2567.15},{"text":"current","start":2567.15,"end":2567.59},{"text":"times","start":2567.59,"end":2568.19},{"text":"compel","start":2568.63,"end":2569.03},{"text":"us","start":2569.03,"end":2569.19},{"text":"to","start":2569.19,"end":2569.75},{"text":"engage","start":2570.07,"end":2570.63},{"text":"in","start":2570.63,"end":2570.79},{"text":"rigorous","start":2570.79,"end":2571.23},{"text":"and","start":2571.23,"end":2571.35},{"text":"urgent","start":2571.35,"end":2571.71},{"text":"discussions","start":2571.71,"end":2572.39},{"text":"about","start":2572.39,"end":2572.63},{"text":"the","start":2572.63,"end":2572.71},{"text":"tools","start":2572.71,"end":2573.11},{"text":"available","start":2573.11,"end":2573.59},{"text":"to","start":2573.59,"end":2573.67},{"text":"states","start":2573.67,"end":2574.31},{"text":"to","start":2574.31,"end":2574.47},{"text":"uphold","start":2574.47,"end":2574.83},{"text":"international","start":2574.83,"end":2575.79},{"text":"law","start":2575.79,"end":2575.87},{"text":"and","start":2576.31,"end":2576.79},{"text":"individual","start":2576.79,"end":2577.59},{"text":"criminal","start":2577.59,"end":2578.43},{"text":"liability.","start":2578.43,"end":2579.19}]},{"text":"In recent months and years, the international community has witnessed persistent, atrocious conduct that may constitute international crimes and serious human rights violations.","start":2581.35,"end":2593.67,"topics":[{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":2581.35,"end":2581.59},{"text":"recent","start":2581.59,"end":2581.99},{"text":"months","start":2581.99,"end":2582.35},{"text":"and","start":2582.35,"end":2582.51},{"text":"years,","start":2582.51,"end":2582.95},{"text":"the","start":2582.95,"end":2583.07},{"text":"international","start":2583.07,"end":2583.71},{"text":"community","start":2583.71,"end":2584.47},{"text":"has","start":2584.47,"end":2585.19},{"text":"witnessed","start":2585.43,"end":2586.23},{"text":"persistent,","start":2586.23,"end":2587.11},{"text":"atrocious","start":2587.11,"end":2587.71},{"text":"conduct","start":2587.71,"end":2588.47},{"text":"that","start":2588.47,"end":2588.79},{"text":"may","start":2588.79,"end":2589.03},{"text":"constitute","start":2589.03,"end":2589.83},{"text":"international","start":2589.83,"end":2590.59},{"text":"crimes","start":2590.59,"end":2591.27},{"text":"and","start":2591.27,"end":2591.63},{"text":"serious","start":2591.63,"end":2592.23},{"text":"human","start":2592.23,"end":2592.55},{"text":"rights","start":2592.55,"end":2592.83},{"text":"violations.","start":2592.83,"end":2593.67}]},{"text":"The pursuit of justice in these cases is not merely an ideal but a fundamental imperative for the United Nations and for all of its member states.","start":2595.11,"end":2604.43,"topics":[{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2595.11,"end":2595.15},{"text":"pursuit","start":2595.15,"end":2595.59},{"text":"of","start":2595.59,"end":2595.71},{"text":"justice","start":2595.71,"end":2596.19},{"text":"in","start":2596.19,"end":2596.31},{"text":"these","start":2596.31,"end":2596.47},{"text":"cases","start":2596.47,"end":2597.31},{"text":"is","start":2597.39,"end":2597.63},{"text":"not","start":2597.63,"end":2597.87},{"text":"merely","start":2597.87,"end":2598.19},{"text":"an","start":2598.19,"end":2598.27},{"text":"ideal","start":2598.27,"end":2598.99},{"text":"but","start":2598.99,"end":2599.31},{"text":"a","start":2599.63,"end":2599.67},{"text":"fundamental","start":2599.67,"end":2600.19},{"text":"imperative","start":2600.19,"end":2601.07},{"text":"for","start":2601.15,"end":2601.31},{"text":"the","start":2601.31,"end":2601.39},{"text":"United","start":2601.39,"end":2601.75},{"text":"Nations","start":2601.75,"end":2602.43},{"text":"and","start":2602.43,"end":2602.91},{"text":"for","start":2602.91,"end":2603.23},{"text":"all","start":2603.23,"end":2603.39},{"text":"of","start":2603.39,"end":2603.47},{"text":"its","start":2603.47,"end":2603.63},{"text":"member","start":2603.63,"end":2603.87},{"text":"states.","start":2603.87,"end":2604.43}]},{"text":"It is also our unyielding commitment to the victims and an opportunity to act with historical responsibility.","start":2605.35,"end":2614.43,"topics":[{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":2605.35,"end":2605.47},{"text":"is","start":2605.47,"end":2605.71},{"text":"also","start":2605.71,"end":2606.35},{"text":"our","start":2607.47,"end":2607.55},{"text":"unyielding","start":2607.59,"end":2608.19},{"text":"commitment","start":2608.19,"end":2608.87},{"text":"to","start":2608.91,"end":2609.03},{"text":"the","start":2609.03,"end":2609.15},{"text":"victims","start":2609.15,"end":2609.87},{"text":"and","start":2609.87,"end":2610.27},{"text":"an","start":2610.31,"end":2610.43},{"text":"opportunity","start":2610.43,"end":2611.31},{"text":"to","start":2611.31,"end":2611.55},{"text":"act","start":2611.79,"end":2612.35},{"text":"with","start":2612.75,"end":2612.91},{"text":"historical","start":2612.91,"end":2613.47},{"text":"responsibility.","start":2613.47,"end":2614.43}]},{"text":"Thank you very much.","start":2614.43,"end":2615.23,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":2614.43,"end":2614.63},{"text":"you","start":2614.63,"end":2614.71},{"text":"very","start":2614.71,"end":2614.87},{"text":"much.","start":2614.87,"end":2615.23}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"MEX","affiliation_full":"Mexico","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":21,"start":2615.95,"pageUrl":"/en/ga/c6/80/23?t=2616","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you for your statement and I am now inviting the representative of Eritrea to deliver statement.","start":2615.95,"end":2621.95,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":2615.95,"end":2616.19},{"text":"you","start":2616.19,"end":2616.35},{"text":"for","start":2616.35,"end":2616.47},{"text":"your","start":2616.47,"end":2616.59},{"text":"statement","start":2616.59,"end":2617.47},{"text":"and","start":2617.47,"end":2617.95},{"text":"I","start":2618.03,"end":2618.15},{"text":"am","start":2618.15,"end":2618.27},{"text":"now","start":2618.27,"end":2618.51},{"text":"inviting","start":2618.51,"end":2619.03},{"text":"the","start":2619.03,"end":2619.11},{"text":"representative","start":2619.11,"end":2619.95},{"text":"of","start":2619.95,"end":2620.11},{"text":"Eritrea","start":2620.11,"end":2620.75},{"text":"to","start":2620.75,"end":2620.99},{"text":"deliver","start":2620.99,"end":2621.31},{"text":"statement.","start":2621.31,"end":2621.95}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"6th Committee","affiliation_full":"6th Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":22,"start":2627.75,"pageUrl":"/en/ga/c6/80/23?t=2628","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Mr. Chair.","start":2627.75,"end":2628.71,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":2627.75,"end":2627.99},{"text":"you,","start":2627.99,"end":2628.11},{"text":"Mr.","start":2628.11,"end":2628.39},{"text":"Chair.","start":2628.39,"end":2628.71}]},{"text":"Eritrea takes note of the Secretary-General's report A/AD/274, in which we have reviewed the information and observations on the scope and application of universal jurisdiction, including the submissions from member states and relevant observers.","start":2629.99,"end":2649.11,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. 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delegation aligns itself with the statements delivered by the distinguished delegations of Cameroon on behalf of the African group and the Islamic Republic of Iran on behalf of the non-aligned 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would now like to make the following brief remarks in my national capacity.","start":2660.87,"end":2665.03,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":2660.87,"end":2660.91},{"text":"would","start":2660.91,"end":2661.11},{"text":"now","start":2661.11,"end":2661.35},{"text":"like","start":2661.35,"end":2661.59},{"text":"to","start":2661.59,"end":2661.71},{"text":"make","start":2661.71,"end":2661.91},{"text":"the","start":2661.91,"end":2661.99},{"text":"following","start":2661.99,"end":2662.63},{"text":"brief","start":2662.63,"end":2662.87},{"text":"remarks","start":2662.87,"end":2663.27},{"text":"in","start":2663.27,"end":2663.35},{"text":"my","start":2663.35,"end":2663.59},{"text":"national","start":2663.91,"end":2664.39},{"text":"capacity.","start":2664.39,"end":2665.03}]},{"text":"Chair, my delegation attaches great importance to this agenda item, which was included in the agenda of the 64th session of the General Assembly and allocated to the sixth committee At the specific request of the African group, it is the manner in which the application of universal jurisdiction has been sought to be used and abused by foreign courts, particularly in relation to African officials, that compelled the African group to request the inclusion of this topic in 2009.","start":2666.63,"end":2701.75,"topics":[{"key":"politicization-and-selective-use","label":"Politicization and Selective Use","description":"A widely shared concern was that universal jurisdiction can be abused for political, discriminatory, or selective purposes. Delegations warned against using domestic courts to target foreign officials or advance geopolitical agendas under the banner of justice."},{"key":"sovereignty-and-immunities","label":"Sovereignty and Immunities","description":"Many statements emphasized that the exercise of universal jurisdiction must respect sovereign equality, non-interference, territorial integrity, and the immunities of state officials under international law. Several delegations warned that ignoring these principles would damage interstate relations and the legitimacy of the legal system."}],"words":[{"text":"Chair,","start":2666.63,"end":2667.03},{"text":"my","start":2667.67,"end":2667.83},{"text":"delegation","start":2667.83,"end":2668.47},{"text":"attaches","start":2669.27,"end":2669.75},{"text":"great","start":2669.75,"end":2670.07},{"text":"importance","start":2670.07,"end":2670.71},{"text":"to","start":2670.71,"end":2670.79},{"text":"this","start":2670.79,"end":2671.03},{"text":"agenda","start":2671.03,"end":2671.35},{"text":"item,","start":2671.35,"end":2672.07},{"text":"which","start":2672.43,"end":2672.63},{"text":"was","start":2672.63,"end":2672.79},{"text":"included","start":2672.79,"end":2673.43},{"text":"in","start":2673.43,"end":2673.59},{"text":"the","start":2673.59,"end":2673.67},{"text":"agenda","start":2673.67,"end":2674.07},{"text":"of","start":2674.07,"end":2674.15},{"text":"the","start":2674.15,"end":2674.35},{"text":"64th","start":2674.47,"end":2675.35},{"text":"session","start":2675.35,"end":2675.83},{"text":"of","start":2675.83,"end":2675.91},{"text":"the","start":2675.91,"end":2676.07},{"text":"General","start":2676.07,"end":2676.47},{"text":"Assembly","start":2676.47,"end":2677.19},{"text":"and","start":2677.19,"end":2677.43},{"text":"allocated","start":2677.47,"end":2677.87},{"text":"to","start":2677.87,"end":2678.11},{"text":"the","start":2678.11,"end":2678.23},{"text":"sixth","start":2678.23,"end":2678.51},{"text":"committee","start":2678.51,"end":2678.95},{"text":"At","start":2679.59,"end":2679.67},{"text":"the","start":2679.67,"end":2679.75},{"text":"specific","start":2679.75,"end":2680.31},{"text":"request","start":2680.31,"end":2680.67},{"text":"of","start":2680.67,"end":2680.79},{"text":"the","start":2680.79,"end":2680.91},{"text":"African","start":2680.91,"end":2681.31},{"text":"group,","start":2681.31,"end":2681.67},{"text":"it","start":2682.55,"end":2682.79},{"text":"is","start":2682.79,"end":2683.11},{"text":"the","start":2683.35,"end":2683.59},{"text":"manner","start":2683.59,"end":2684.71},{"text":"in","start":2684.71,"end":2684.91},{"text":"which","start":2684.91,"end":2685.27},{"text":"the","start":2685.27,"end":2685.39},{"text":"application","start":2685.43,"end":2685.99},{"text":"of","start":2685.99,"end":2686.07},{"text":"universal","start":2686.07,"end":2686.63},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":2686.63,"end":2687.51},{"text":"has","start":2687.67,"end":2687.91},{"text":"been","start":2687.91,"end":2688.15},{"text":"sought","start":2688.15,"end":2688.59},{"text":"to","start":2688.59,"end":2688.71},{"text":"be","start":2688.71,"end":2688.87},{"text":"used","start":2688.87,"end":2689.35},{"text":"and","start":2689.51,"end":2689.79},{"text":"abused","start":2689.79,"end":2690.15},{"text":"by","start":2690.15,"end":2690.31},{"text":"foreign","start":2690.31,"end":2690.71},{"text":"courts,","start":2690.71,"end":2691.27},{"text":"particularly","start":2691.91,"end":2692.63},{"text":"in","start":2692.63,"end":2692.79},{"text":"relation","start":2692.79,"end":2693.19},{"text":"to","start":2693.19,"end":2693.35},{"text":"African","start":2693.35,"end":2693.75},{"text":"officials,","start":2693.75,"end":2694.47},{"text":"that","start":2694.87,"end":2695.15},{"text":"compelled","start":2695.15,"end":2695.67},{"text":"the","start":2695.67,"end":2695.79},{"text":"African","start":2695.83,"end":2696.23},{"text":"group","start":2696.23,"end":2696.55},{"text":"to","start":2696.55,"end":2696.71},{"text":"request","start":2696.71,"end":2697.35},{"text":"the","start":2697.35,"end":2697.47},{"text":"inclusion","start":2697.47,"end":2698.39},{"text":"of","start":2698.99,"end":2699.11},{"text":"this","start":2699.11,"end":2699.27},{"text":"topic","start":2699.27,"end":2699.83},{"text":"in","start":2699.91,"end":2700.23},{"text":"2009.","start":2700.55,"end":2701.75}]},{"text":"Regrettably, more than a decade and a half later, the reality remains unchanged and so does the relevance of this agenda item.","start":2704.39,"end":2712.59,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Regrettably,","start":2704.39,"end":2705.47},{"text":"more","start":2705.47,"end":2705.79},{"text":"than","start":2705.79,"end":2706.11},{"text":"a","start":2706.19,"end":2706.23},{"text":"decade","start":2706.23,"end":2706.75},{"text":"and","start":2706.83,"end":2706.99},{"text":"a","start":2706.99,"end":2707.03},{"text":"half","start":2707.03,"end":2707.23},{"text":"later,","start":2707.23,"end":2707.63},{"text":"the","start":2707.63,"end":2707.75},{"text":"reality","start":2707.79,"end":2708.43},{"text":"remains","start":2708.43,"end":2709.07},{"text":"unchanged","start":2709.07,"end":2709.95},{"text":"and","start":2709.95,"end":2710.19},{"text":"so","start":2710.19,"end":2710.43},{"text":"does","start":2710.43,"end":2710.63},{"text":"the","start":2710.63,"end":2710.75},{"text":"relevance","start":2710.75,"end":2711.39},{"text":"of","start":2711.39,"end":2711.55},{"text":"this","start":2711.55,"end":2711.71},{"text":"agenda","start":2711.71,"end":2712.07},{"text":"item.","start":2712.07,"end":2712.59}]},{"text":"Over time, we have witnessed certain states conveniently invoke criminal justice mechanisms to pursue their vested interests while evading any kind of accountability for crimes perpetrated by their own nationals in other countries.","start":2713.31,"end":2727.87,"topics":[{"key":"politicization-and-selective-use","label":"Politicization and Selective Use","description":"A widely shared concern was that universal jurisdiction can be abused for political, discriminatory, or selective purposes. Delegations warned against using domestic courts to target foreign officials or advance geopolitical agendas under the banner of justice."},{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."}],"words":[{"text":"Over","start":2713.31,"end":2713.63},{"text":"time,","start":2713.63,"end":2714.03},{"text":"we","start":2714.03,"end":2714.15},{"text":"have","start":2714.15,"end":2714.31},{"text":"witnessed","start":2714.31,"end":2715.07},{"text":"certain","start":2715.15,"end":2715.79},{"text":"states","start":2715.79,"end":2716.27},{"text":"conveniently","start":2716.27,"end":2717.07},{"text":"invoke","start":2717.07,"end":2717.51},{"text":"criminal","start":2717.51,"end":2717.87},{"text":"justice","start":2717.87,"end":2718.43},{"text":"mechanisms","start":2718.43,"end":2719.23},{"text":"to","start":2719.23,"end":2719.39},{"text":"pursue","start":2719.39,"end":2719.79},{"text":"their","start":2719.79,"end":2719.95},{"text":"vested","start":2719.95,"end":2720.35},{"text":"interests","start":2720.35,"end":2721.07},{"text":"while","start":2721.71,"end":2722.11},{"text":"evading","start":2722.11,"end":2722.75},{"text":"any","start":2722.75,"end":2723.15},{"text":"kind","start":2723.15,"end":2723.63},{"text":"of","start":2723.67,"end":2723.87},{"text":"accountability","start":2723.87,"end":2724.59},{"text":"for","start":2724.59,"end":2724.75},{"text":"crimes","start":2724.75,"end":2725.31},{"text":"perpetrated","start":2725.31,"end":2725.87},{"text":"by","start":2725.87,"end":2726.03},{"text":"their","start":2726.03,"end":2726.19},{"text":"own","start":2726.19,"end":2726.47},{"text":"nationals","start":2726.47,"end":2726.91},{"text":"in","start":2726.91,"end":2727.03},{"text":"other","start":2727.03,"end":2727.23},{"text":"countries.","start":2727.23,"end":2727.87}]},{"text":"Eritrea categorically rejects the systematic and doctrinal obstacles to prosecution where international law appears to be limited in its application or relevance to foreigners from states that are considered relatively weak or do not impose substantial political, diplomatic or economic costs to the political branches of the prosecuting state.","start":2728.59,"end":2752.11,"topics":[{"key":"politicization-and-selective-use","label":"Politicization and Selective Use","description":"A widely shared concern was that universal jurisdiction can be abused for political, discriminatory, or selective purposes. Delegations warned against using domestic courts to target foreign officials or advance geopolitical agendas under the banner of justice."}],"words":[{"text":"Eritrea","start":2728.59,"end":2729.07},{"text":"categorically","start":2729.07,"end":2729.79},{"text":"rejects","start":2729.79,"end":2730.27},{"text":"the","start":2730.27,"end":2730.39},{"text":"systematic","start":2730.39,"end":2731.23},{"text":"and","start":2731.39,"end":2731.67},{"text":"doctrinal","start":2731.67,"end":2732.51},{"text":"obstacles","start":2732.59,"end":2733.31},{"text":"to","start":2733.31,"end":2733.51},{"text":"prosecution","start":2733.51,"end":2734.51},{"text":"where","start":2735.15,"end":2735.47},{"text":"international","start":2735.47,"end":2736.15},{"text":"law","start":2736.15,"end":2736.27},{"text":"appears","start":2736.27,"end":2736.59},{"text":"to","start":2736.59,"end":2736.67},{"text":"be","start":2736.67,"end":2736.83},{"text":"limited","start":2736.83,"end":2737.27},{"text":"in","start":2737.27,"end":2737.39},{"text":"its","start":2737.39,"end":2737.55},{"text":"application","start":2737.55,"end":2738.51},{"text":"or","start":2738.75,"end":2738.95},{"text":"relevance","start":2738.95,"end":2739.55},{"text":"to","start":2739.55,"end":2739.75},{"text":"foreigners","start":2739.79,"end":2740.27},{"text":"from","start":2740.27,"end":2740.59},{"text":"states","start":2740.59,"end":2741.15},{"text":"that","start":2741.31,"end":2741.55},{"text":"are","start":2741.55,"end":2741.71},{"text":"considered","start":2741.71,"end":2742.43},{"text":"relatively","start":2742.83,"end":2743.47},{"text":"weak","start":2743.47,"end":2743.79},{"text":"or","start":2743.79,"end":2743.95},{"text":"do","start":2743.95,"end":2744.07},{"text":"not","start":2744.07,"end":2744.27},{"text":"impose","start":2744.27,"end":2744.99},{"text":"substantial","start":2744.99,"end":2745.95},{"text":"political,","start":2746.27,"end":2746.91},{"text":"diplomatic","start":2746.91,"end":2747.79},{"text":"or","start":2747.95,"end":2748.11},{"text":"economic","start":2748.11,"end":2748.63},{"text":"costs","start":2748.63,"end":2749.07},{"text":"to","start":2749.31,"end":2749.47},{"text":"the","start":2749.47,"end":2749.55},{"text":"political","start":2749.55,"end":2750.03},{"text":"branches","start":2750.03,"end":2750.67},{"text":"of","start":2750.67,"end":2750.83},{"text":"the","start":2750.83,"end":2750.95},{"text":"prosecuting","start":2750.95,"end":2751.63},{"text":"state.","start":2751.63,"end":2752.11}]},{"text":"This approach does not only reflect sharpened and entrenched inequities within and between states, but it also reveals the disingenuous and pervasive double standards in the application of international criminal justice.","start":2753.55,"end":2768.83,"topics":[{"key":"politicization-and-selective-use","label":"Politicization and Selective Use","description":"A widely shared concern was that universal jurisdiction can be abused for political, discriminatory, or selective purposes. Delegations warned against using domestic courts to target foreign officials or advance geopolitical agendas under the banner of justice."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":2753.55,"end":2753.79},{"text":"approach","start":2753.79,"end":2754.19},{"text":"does","start":2754.19,"end":2754.43},{"text":"not","start":2754.43,"end":2754.75},{"text":"only","start":2754.91,"end":2755.23},{"text":"reflect","start":2755.23,"end":2755.71},{"text":"sharpened","start":2755.71,"end":2756.19},{"text":"and","start":2756.19,"end":2756.39},{"text":"entrenched","start":2756.39,"end":2757.07},{"text":"inequities","start":2757.71,"end":2758.27},{"text":"within","start":2758.27,"end":2758.55},{"text":"and","start":2758.83,"end":2759.23},{"text":"between","start":2759.23,"end":2759.63},{"text":"states,","start":2759.63,"end":2760.27},{"text":"but","start":2760.67,"end":2760.83},{"text":"it","start":2760.83,"end":2760.91},{"text":"also","start":2760.91,"end":2761.27},{"text":"reveals","start":2761.27,"end":2761.87},{"text":"the","start":2761.87,"end":2762.07},{"text":"disingenuous","start":2762.07,"end":2763.07},{"text":"and","start":2763.15,"end":2763.51},{"text":"pervasive","start":2763.63,"end":2764.83},{"text":"double","start":2764.83,"end":2765.15},{"text":"standards","start":2765.15,"end":2765.59},{"text":"in","start":2765.59,"end":2765.67},{"text":"the","start":2765.67,"end":2765.75},{"text":"application","start":2765.75,"end":2766.51},{"text":"of","start":2766.95,"end":2767.15},{"text":"international","start":2767.15,"end":2767.79},{"text":"criminal","start":2767.79,"end":2768.19},{"text":"justice.","start":2768.19,"end":2768.83}]},{"text":"Unfortunately, the universal jurisdiction system lacks the appropriate means to address the root causes of structural imbalances that perpetrate a hegemonic dynamic of differences between nations of various states.","start":2769.87,"end":2782.99,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Unfortunately,","start":2769.87,"end":2770.51},{"text":"the","start":2770.51,"end":2770.67},{"text":"universal","start":2770.67,"end":2771.23},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":2771.23,"end":2771.95},{"text":"system","start":2771.95,"end":2772.35},{"text":"lacks","start":2772.35,"end":2772.83},{"text":"the","start":2772.83,"end":2772.99},{"text":"appropriate","start":2773.07,"end":2773.63},{"text":"means","start":2773.63,"end":2774.11},{"text":"to","start":2774.11,"end":2774.31},{"text":"address","start":2774.31,"end":2774.71},{"text":"the","start":2774.71,"end":2774.79},{"text":"root","start":2774.79,"end":2774.99},{"text":"causes","start":2774.99,"end":2775.39},{"text":"of","start":2775.39,"end":2775.55},{"text":"structural","start":2775.55,"end":2776.03},{"text":"imbalances","start":2776.03,"end":2776.99},{"text":"that","start":2777.39,"end":2777.63},{"text":"perpetrate","start":2777.63,"end":2778.19},{"text":"a","start":2778.27,"end":2778.31},{"text":"hegemonic","start":2778.31,"end":2778.99},{"text":"dynamic","start":2779.23,"end":2779.95},{"text":"of","start":2780.31,"end":2780.39},{"text":"differences","start":2780.43,"end":2781.07},{"text":"between","start":2781.07,"end":2781.43},{"text":"nations","start":2781.43,"end":2781.87},{"text":"of","start":2781.87,"end":2782.03},{"text":"various","start":2782.03,"end":2782.47},{"text":"states.","start":2782.47,"end":2782.99}]},{"text":"It is in this context that my delegation notes with concern the increasing extraterritorial exercise of criminal jurisdiction by domestic courts, while its selective application remains persistent.","start":2784.79,"end":2797.43,"topics":[{"key":"politicization-and-selective-use","label":"Politicization and Selective Use","description":"A widely shared concern was that universal jurisdiction can be abused for political, discriminatory, or selective purposes. Delegations warned against using domestic courts to target foreign officials or advance geopolitical agendas under the banner of justice."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":2784.79,"end":2784.83},{"text":"is","start":2784.83,"end":2784.95},{"text":"in","start":2784.95,"end":2785.11},{"text":"this","start":2785.11,"end":2785.35},{"text":"context","start":2785.35,"end":2785.79},{"text":"that","start":2785.79,"end":2785.91},{"text":"my","start":2785.91,"end":2786.07},{"text":"delegation","start":2786.07,"end":2786.67},{"text":"notes","start":2786.67,"end":2786.95},{"text":"with","start":2786.95,"end":2787.15},{"text":"concern","start":2787.15,"end":2787.75},{"text":"the","start":2787.75,"end":2787.83},{"text":"increasing","start":2787.83,"end":2788.47},{"text":"extraterritorial","start":2788.47,"end":2789.35},{"text":"exercise","start":2789.35,"end":2789.79},{"text":"of","start":2789.79,"end":2789.91},{"text":"criminal","start":2789.91,"end":2790.39},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":2791.03,"end":2791.67},{"text":"by","start":2791.67,"end":2791.75},{"text":"domestic","start":2791.75,"end":2792.23},{"text":"courts,","start":2792.23,"end":2792.71},{"text":"while","start":2793.15,"end":2793.59},{"text":"its","start":2793.75,"end":2794.03},{"text":"selective","start":2794.07,"end":2794.87},{"text":"application","start":2794.87,"end":2795.75},{"text":"remains","start":2796.15,"end":2796.63},{"text":"persistent.","start":2796.63,"end":2797.43}]},{"text":"As highlighted in the African Union model on universal jurisdiction, such abuse must be rectified against general principles of international law, including the sovereign equality of states, territorial jurisdiction, and the immunity of states officials.","start":2799.35,"end":2813.11,"topics":[{"key":"sovereignty-and-immunities","label":"Sovereignty and Immunities","description":"Many statements emphasized that the exercise of universal jurisdiction must respect sovereign equality, non-interference, territorial integrity, and the immunities of state officials under international law. Several delegations warned that ignoring these principles would damage interstate relations and the legitimacy of the legal system."},{"key":"politicization-and-selective-use","label":"Politicization and Selective Use","description":"A widely shared concern was that universal jurisdiction can be abused for political, discriminatory, or selective purposes. Delegations warned against using domestic courts to target foreign officials or advance geopolitical agendas under the banner of justice."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":2799.35,"end":2799.51},{"text":"highlighted","start":2799.51,"end":2800.03},{"text":"in","start":2800.03,"end":2800.11},{"text":"the","start":2800.11,"end":2800.19},{"text":"African","start":2800.19,"end":2800.55},{"text":"Union","start":2800.55,"end":2800.83},{"text":"model","start":2800.83,"end":2801.19},{"text":"on","start":2801.19,"end":2801.43},{"text":"universal","start":2801.43,"end":2801.91},{"text":"jurisdiction,","start":2801.91,"end":2802.79},{"text":"such","start":2802.79,"end":2803.27},{"text":"abuse","start":2803.27,"end":2803.83},{"text":"must","start":2803.83,"end":2804.19},{"text":"be","start":2804.19,"end":2804.47},{"text":"rectified","start":2804.47,"end":2805.11},{"text":"against","start":2805.11,"end":2805.59},{"text":"general","start":2805.59,"end":2805.95},{"text":"principles","start":2805.95,"end":2806.47},{"text":"of","start":2806.47,"end":2806.55},{"text":"international","start":2806.55,"end":2807.27},{"text":"law,","start":2807.35,"end":2807.43},{"text":"including","start":2807.91,"end":2808.47},{"text":"the","start":2808.47,"end":2808.55},{"text":"sovereign","start":2808.55,"end":2808.91},{"text":"equality","start":2808.91,"end":2809.35},{"text":"of","start":2809.35,"end":2809.43},{"text":"states,","start":2809.43,"end":2809.91},{"text":"territorial","start":2809.91,"end":2810.47},{"text":"jurisdiction,","start":2810.47,"end":2811.19},{"text":"and","start":2811.19,"end":2811.39},{"text":"the","start":2811.39,"end":2811.47},{"text":"immunity","start":2811.47,"end":2811.99},{"text":"of","start":2811.99,"end":2812.07},{"text":"states","start":2812.07,"end":2812.47},{"text":"officials.","start":2812.47,"end":2813.11}]},{"text":"Therefore, Eritrea would like to underscore that the application of the principle of universal jurisdiction must be deemed as complementary and not a substitute to national jurisdiction.","start":2814.63,"end":2826.79,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiarity-and-last-resort","label":"Subsidiarity and Last Resort","description":"Numerous speakers argued that universal jurisdiction should be secondary to territorial, nationality-based, or other closer jurisdictional links. In this view, it should be used only when the state with primary jurisdiction is unwilling or unable genuinely to investigate and prosecute."}],"words":[{"text":"Therefore,","start":2814.63,"end":2814.87},{"text":"Eritrea","start":2814.87,"end":2815.35},{"text":"would","start":2815.35,"end":2815.51},{"text":"like","start":2815.51,"end":2815.75},{"text":"to","start":2815.75,"end":2815.91},{"text":"underscore","start":2815.91,"end":2816.63},{"text":"that","start":2817.11,"end":2817.27},{"text":"the","start":2817.27,"end":2817.39},{"text":"application","start":2817.39,"end":2817.99},{"text":"of","start":2817.99,"end":2818.07},{"text":"the","start":2818.07,"end":2818.23},{"text":"principle","start":2818.23,"end":2818.67},{"text":"of","start":2818.67,"end":2818.79},{"text":"universal","start":2818.79,"end":2819.75},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":2819.75,"end":2820.87},{"text":"must","start":2821.11,"end":2821.47},{"text":"be","start":2821.47,"end":2821.59},{"text":"deemed","start":2821.59,"end":2821.91},{"text":"as","start":2821.91,"end":2822.07},{"text":"complementary","start":2822.07,"end":2823.03},{"text":"and","start":2823.11,"end":2823.59},{"text":"not","start":2824.07,"end":2824.39},{"text":"a","start":2824.39,"end":2824.47},{"text":"substitute","start":2824.47,"end":2825.31},{"text":"to","start":2825.31,"end":2825.43},{"text":"national","start":2825.43,"end":2825.91},{"text":"jurisdiction.","start":2825.91,"end":2826.79}]},{"text":"The primary responsibility for investigating and prosecuting certain crimes under international law should fall within the domestic jurisdiction where the alleged crime is committed.","start":2827.51,"end":2837.75,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiarity-and-last-resort","label":"Subsidiarity and Last Resort","description":"Numerous speakers argued that universal jurisdiction should be secondary to territorial, nationality-based, or other closer jurisdictional links. In this view, it should be used only when the state with primary jurisdiction is unwilling or unable genuinely to investigate and prosecute."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2827.51,"end":2827.67},{"text":"primary","start":2827.67,"end":2828.23},{"text":"responsibility","start":2828.23,"end":2829.03},{"text":"for","start":2829.03,"end":2829.19},{"text":"investigating","start":2829.19,"end":2830.07},{"text":"and","start":2830.07,"end":2830.23},{"text":"prosecuting","start":2830.23,"end":2830.95},{"text":"certain","start":2830.95,"end":2831.23},{"text":"crimes","start":2831.23,"end":2831.59},{"text":"under","start":2831.59,"end":2831.83},{"text":"international","start":2831.83,"end":2832.43},{"text":"law","start":2832.43,"end":2832.63},{"text":"should","start":2833.03,"end":2833.35},{"text":"fall","start":2833.35,"end":2833.59},{"text":"within","start":2833.59,"end":2833.99},{"text":"the","start":2833.99,"end":2834.11},{"text":"domestic","start":2834.11,"end":2834.71},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":2834.71,"end":2835.43},{"text":"where","start":2835.43,"end":2835.67},{"text":"the","start":2835.67,"end":2835.79},{"text":"alleged","start":2835.83,"end":2836.23},{"text":"crime","start":2836.23,"end":2836.71},{"text":"is","start":2837.03,"end":2837.27},{"text":"committed.","start":2837.27,"end":2837.75}]},{"text":"Chair, in closing, my delegation notes that previous sessions have shown that there remains an overwhelming divergence on views on the list of offenses that could be subjected to application of universal jurisdiction, as well as role of customary international law.","start":2842.55,"end":2859.19,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"Chair,","start":2842.55,"end":2842.87},{"text":"in","start":2842.87,"end":2843.03},{"text":"closing,","start":2843.03,"end":2843.51},{"text":"my","start":2843.51,"end":2843.59},{"text":"delegation","start":2843.59,"end":2844.15},{"text":"notes","start":2844.15,"end":2844.63},{"text":"that","start":2844.87,"end":2845.27},{"text":"previous","start":2845.27,"end":2845.79},{"text":"sessions","start":2845.79,"end":2846.31},{"text":"have","start":2846.31,"end":2846.55},{"text":"shown","start":2846.55,"end":2847.11},{"text":"that","start":2847.59,"end":2847.83},{"text":"there","start":2847.83,"end":2848.03},{"text":"remains","start":2848.03,"end":2848.47},{"text":"an","start":2848.51,"end":2848.63},{"text":"overwhelming","start":2848.63,"end":2849.35},{"text":"divergence","start":2849.35,"end":2849.99},{"text":"on","start":2849.99,"end":2850.07},{"text":"views","start":2850.07,"end":2850.79},{"text":"on","start":2851.03,"end":2851.27},{"text":"the","start":2851.27,"end":2851.35},{"text":"list","start":2851.35,"end":2851.67},{"text":"of","start":2851.67,"end":2851.87},{"text":"offenses","start":2851.87,"end":2852.35},{"text":"that","start":2852.35,"end":2852.55},{"text":"could","start":2852.55,"end":2852.71},{"text":"be","start":2852.71,"end":2853.03},{"text":"subjected","start":2853.03,"end":2853.63},{"text":"to","start":2853.63,"end":2853.79},{"text":"application","start":2853.79,"end":2854.39},{"text":"of","start":2854.39,"end":2854.47},{"text":"universal","start":2854.63,"end":2855.15},{"text":"jurisdiction,","start":2855.15,"end":2855.91},{"text":"as","start":2856.39,"end":2856.63},{"text":"well","start":2856.63,"end":2856.87},{"text":"as","start":2856.87,"end":2857.19},{"text":"role","start":2857.19,"end":2857.67},{"text":"of","start":2857.67,"end":2857.83},{"text":"customary","start":2857.83,"end":2858.35},{"text":"international","start":2858.35,"end":2859.03},{"text":"law.","start":2859.03,"end":2859.19}]},{"text":"We further note the significant difference in state practice and opinio juris on the identification of widely recognized rules for the application of the principle.","start":2859.75,"end":2869.19,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":2859.75,"end":2859.91},{"text":"further","start":2859.91,"end":2860.27},{"text":"note","start":2860.27,"end":2860.47},{"text":"the","start":2860.47,"end":2860.63},{"text":"significant","start":2860.63,"end":2861.39},{"text":"difference","start":2861.51,"end":2861.99},{"text":"in","start":2861.99,"end":2862.07},{"text":"state","start":2862.07,"end":2862.55},{"text":"practice","start":2862.55,"end":2862.99},{"text":"and","start":2862.99,"end":2863.11},{"text":"opinio","start":2863.11,"end":2863.51},{"text":"juris","start":2863.51,"end":2863.99},{"text":"on","start":2864.07,"end":2864.31},{"text":"the","start":2864.31,"end":2864.43},{"text":"identification","start":2864.55,"end":2865.35},{"text":"of","start":2865.35,"end":2865.43},{"text":"widely","start":2865.43,"end":2865.91},{"text":"recognized","start":2865.91,"end":2866.47},{"text":"rules","start":2866.47,"end":2866.95},{"text":"for","start":2867.27,"end":2867.59},{"text":"the","start":2867.59,"end":2867.71},{"text":"application","start":2867.71,"end":2868.27},{"text":"of","start":2868.27,"end":2868.35},{"text":"the","start":2868.35,"end":2868.47},{"text":"principle.","start":2868.47,"end":2869.19}]},{"text":"In this regard, Eritrea urges a cautious approach in defining the scope and application of this principle.","start":2870.07,"end":2875.43,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":2870.07,"end":2870.11},{"text":"this","start":2870.11,"end":2870.39},{"text":"regard,","start":2870.39,"end":2870.79},{"text":"Eritrea","start":2870.79,"end":2871.27},{"text":"urges","start":2871.27,"end":2871.67},{"text":"a","start":2871.67,"end":2871.75},{"text":"cautious","start":2871.75,"end":2872.15},{"text":"approach","start":2872.15,"end":2872.63},{"text":"in","start":2872.63,"end":2872.79},{"text":"defining","start":2872.79,"end":2873.27},{"text":"the","start":2873.27,"end":2873.35},{"text":"scope","start":2873.35,"end":2873.75},{"text":"and","start":2873.75,"end":2873.87},{"text":"application","start":2873.87,"end":2874.47},{"text":"of","start":2874.47,"end":2874.55},{"text":"this","start":2874.55,"end":2874.79},{"text":"principle.","start":2874.79,"end":2875.43}]},{"text":"We welcome the Sixth Committee's decision to establish at its 81st session a working group to continue a thorough discussion and to consider the question how the principle of universal jurisdiction is distinct from other related concept.","start":2875.91,"end":2890.31,"topics":[{"key":"distinction-from-other-bases","label":"Distinction From Other Jurisdictional Bases","description":"Several speakers insisted that universal jurisdiction must be clearly distinguished from treaty-based obligations to extradite or prosecute, other forms of extraterritorial jurisdiction, and the jurisdiction of international criminal tribunals. They argued that conflating these concepts creates legal confusion and distorts state practice."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":2875.91,"end":2876.07},{"text":"welcome","start":2876.07,"end":2876.39},{"text":"the","start":2876.39,"end":2876.47},{"text":"Sixth","start":2876.47,"end":2876.75},{"text":"Committee's","start":2876.75,"end":2877.23},{"text":"decision","start":2877.23,"end":2877.67},{"text":"to","start":2877.67,"end":2877.91},{"text":"establish","start":2877.91,"end":2878.47},{"text":"at","start":2878.79,"end":2878.95},{"text":"its","start":2878.95,"end":2879.11},{"text":"81st","start":2879.19,"end":2879.79},{"text":"session","start":2879.79,"end":2880.23},{"text":"a","start":2880.23,"end":2880.27},{"text":"working","start":2880.27,"end":2880.51},{"text":"group","start":2880.51,"end":2880.79},{"text":"to","start":2880.79,"end":2880.91},{"text":"continue","start":2880.95,"end":2881.63},{"text":"a","start":2881.63,"end":2881.67},{"text":"thorough","start":2881.67,"end":2881.91},{"text":"discussion","start":2881.91,"end":2882.71},{"text":"and","start":2883.11,"end":2883.31},{"text":"to","start":2883.31,"end":2883.43},{"text":"consider","start":2883.43,"end":2883.87},{"text":"the","start":2883.87,"end":2883.95},{"text":"question","start":2883.95,"end":2884.55},{"text":"how","start":2884.71,"end":2885.03},{"text":"the","start":2885.27,"end":2885.43},{"text":"principle","start":2885.43,"end":2885.99},{"text":"of","start":2886.03,"end":2886.15},{"text":"universal","start":2886.15,"end":2886.67},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":2886.67,"end":2887.51},{"text":"is","start":2887.75,"end":2887.91},{"text":"distinct","start":2887.91,"end":2888.47},{"text":"from","start":2888.47,"end":2888.79},{"text":"other","start":2888.95,"end":2889.23},{"text":"related","start":2889.23,"end":2889.63},{"text":"concept.","start":2889.63,"end":2890.31}]},{"text":"We look forward to engaging in the substantive deliberation.","start":2890.31,"end":2893.67,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":2890.31,"end":2890.47},{"text":"look","start":2890.47,"end":2890.71},{"text":"forward","start":2890.71,"end":2891.27},{"text":"to","start":2891.43,"end":2891.59},{"text":"engaging","start":2891.59,"end":2892.15},{"text":"in","start":2892.15,"end":2892.31},{"text":"the","start":2892.31,"end":2892.43},{"text":"substantive","start":2892.43,"end":2893.03},{"text":"deliberation.","start":2893.03,"end":2893.67}]},{"text":"I thank you, Chair.","start":2893.67,"end":2894.39,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":2893.67,"end":2893.75},{"text":"thank","start":2893.75,"end":2893.99},{"text":"you,","start":2893.99,"end":2894.11},{"text":"Chair.","start":2894.11,"end":2894.39}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"ERI","affiliation_full":"Eritrea","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":23,"start":2896.23,"pageUrl":"/en/ga/c6/80/23?t=2897","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank you for your statement and I'm now calling on the representative of the Philippines.","start":2896.23,"end":2900.87,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":2896.23,"end":2896.31},{"text":"thank","start":2896.31,"end":2896.55},{"text":"you","start":2896.55,"end":2896.71},{"text":"for","start":2896.71,"end":2896.91},{"text":"your","start":2896.91,"end":2897.03},{"text":"statement","start":2897.03,"end":2897.91},{"text":"and","start":2897.91,"end":2898.03},{"text":"I'm","start":2898.03,"end":2898.23},{"text":"now","start":2898.23,"end":2898.39},{"text":"calling","start":2898.39,"end":2898.83},{"text":"on","start":2898.83,"end":2898.95},{"text":"the","start":2898.95,"end":2899.07},{"text":"representative","start":2899.07,"end":2899.87},{"text":"of","start":2899.87,"end":2899.99},{"text":"the","start":2899.99,"end":2900.07},{"text":"Philippines.","start":2900.07,"end":2900.87}]},{"text":"You have the floor.","start":2901.11,"end":2901.83,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"You","start":2901.11,"end":2901.23},{"text":"have","start":2901.23,"end":2901.35},{"text":"the","start":2901.35,"end":2901.43},{"text":"floor.","start":2901.43,"end":2901.83}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"6th Committee","affiliation_full":"6th Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":24,"start":2905.11,"pageUrl":"/en/ga/c6/80/23?t=2906","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Mr. Chair. The Philippines thanks the Secretary General for his report and we welcome this opportunity to contribute to the committee's consideration of this agenda item by setting out Philippine state practice on the scope and application of the principle of universal jurisdiction.","start":2905.11,"end":2919.83,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":2905.11,"end":2905.27},{"text":"you,","start":2905.27,"end":2905.35},{"text":"Mr.","start":2905.35,"end":2905.59},{"text":"Chair.","start":2905.59,"end":2905.99},{"text":"The","start":2906.47,"end":2906.67},{"text":"Philippines","start":2906.71,"end":2907.19},{"text":"thanks","start":2907.19,"end":2907.47},{"text":"the","start":2907.47,"end":2907.55},{"text":"Secretary","start":2907.55,"end":2908.07},{"text":"General","start":2908.07,"end":2908.47},{"text":"for","start":2908.47,"end":2908.63},{"text":"his","start":2908.63,"end":2908.87},{"text":"report","start":2908.87,"end":2909.35},{"text":"and","start":2909.43,"end":2909.63},{"text":"we","start":2909.63,"end":2909.79},{"text":"welcome","start":2909.79,"end":2910.15},{"text":"this","start":2910.15,"end":2910.31},{"text":"opportunity","start":2910.31,"end":2910.95},{"text":"to","start":2910.95,"end":2911.03},{"text":"contribute","start":2911.03,"end":2911.63},{"text":"to","start":2911.63,"end":2911.71},{"text":"the","start":2911.71,"end":2911.83},{"text":"committee's","start":2911.83,"end":2912.31},{"text":"consideration","start":2912.31,"end":2913.03},{"text":"of","start":2913.03,"end":2913.11},{"text":"this","start":2913.11,"end":2913.27},{"text":"agenda","start":2913.27,"end":2913.71},{"text":"item","start":2913.71,"end":2914.15},{"text":"by","start":2914.55,"end":2914.71},{"text":"setting","start":2914.71,"end":2915.11},{"text":"out","start":2915.11,"end":2915.27},{"text":"Philippine","start":2915.27,"end":2915.67},{"text":"state","start":2915.67,"end":2915.87},{"text":"practice","start":2915.87,"end":2916.47},{"text":"on","start":2916.47,"end":2916.59},{"text":"the","start":2916.59,"end":2916.67},{"text":"scope","start":2916.67,"end":2916.99},{"text":"and","start":2916.99,"end":2917.11},{"text":"application","start":2917.11,"end":2917.75},{"text":"of","start":2917.75,"end":2917.83},{"text":"the","start":2917.83,"end":2917.95},{"text":"principle","start":2917.95,"end":2918.39},{"text":"of","start":2918.39,"end":2918.55},{"text":"universal","start":2918.55,"end":2919.03},{"text":"jurisdiction.","start":2919.03,"end":2919.83}]},{"text":"In Philippine law, general rule remains to be that of territoriality.","start":2920.59,"end":2924.47,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiarity-and-last-resort","label":"Subsidiarity and Last Resort","description":"Numerous speakers argued that universal jurisdiction should be secondary to territorial, nationality-based, or other closer jurisdictional links. In this view, it should be used only when the state with primary jurisdiction is unwilling or unable genuinely to investigate and prosecute."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":2920.59,"end":2920.71},{"text":"Philippine","start":2920.71,"end":2921.11},{"text":"law,","start":2921.11,"end":2921.43},{"text":"general","start":2921.43,"end":2921.91},{"text":"rule","start":2921.91,"end":2922.15},{"text":"remains","start":2922.15,"end":2922.55},{"text":"to","start":2922.55,"end":2922.67},{"text":"be","start":2922.67,"end":2922.87},{"text":"that","start":2922.87,"end":2923.19},{"text":"of","start":2923.19,"end":2923.43},{"text":"territoriality.","start":2923.43,"end":2924.47}]},{"text":"and the exercise of universal jurisdiction is exceptional and reserved to the most serious offenses, which are customarily subjects of universal condemnation by the international community.","start":2924.95,"end":2935.19,"topics":[{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. 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States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."},{"key":"distinction-from-other-bases","label":"Distinction From Other Jurisdictional Bases","description":"Several speakers insisted that universal jurisdiction must be clearly distinguished from treaty-based obligations to extradite or prosecute, other forms of extraterritorial jurisdiction, and the jurisdiction of international criminal tribunals. They argued that conflating these concepts creates legal confusion and distorts state practice."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":2964.87,"end":2964.99},{"text":"stands","start":2964.99,"end":2965.47},{"text":"as","start":2965.47,"end":2965.59},{"text":"the","start":2965.59,"end":2965.71},{"text":"earliest","start":2965.71,"end":2966.19},{"text":"Philippine","start":2966.19,"end":2966.55},{"text":"example","start":2966.55,"end":2967.19},{"text":"of","start":2967.19,"end":2967.35},{"text":"the","start":2967.35,"end":2967.43},{"text":"domestic","start":2967.43,"end":2967.91},{"text":"application","start":2967.91,"end":2968.63},{"text":"of","start":2968.67,"end":2968.79},{"text":"universal","start":2968.79,"end":2969.35},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":2969.35,"end":2970.15},{"text":"through","start":2970.39,"end":2970.71},{"text":"municipal","start":2970.71,"end":2971.51},{"text":"law.","start":2972.55,"end":2972.63}]},{"text":"A more contemporary expression is found in statute, that is Republic Act number 9851, the Philippine law on crimes against international humanitarian law, genocide, and other crimes against humanity.","start":2972.63,"end":2985.27,"topics":[{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. 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They argued that conflating these concepts creates legal confusion and distorts state practice."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":3006.27,"end":3006.51},{"text":"departs","start":3006.51,"end":3006.99},{"text":"from","start":3006.99,"end":3007.23},{"text":"the","start":3007.23,"end":3007.31},{"text":"pure,","start":3007.31,"end":3007.87},{"text":"quote","start":3007.87,"end":3008.11},{"text":"unquote,","start":3008.11,"end":3008.51},{"text":"universal","start":3008.83,"end":3009.39},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":3009.39,"end":3010.19},{"text":"as","start":3010.35,"end":3010.51},{"text":"in","start":3010.51,"end":3010.59},{"text":"the","start":3010.59,"end":3010.67},{"text":"case","start":3010.67,"end":3010.99},{"text":"of","start":3010.99,"end":3011.15},{"text":"piracy.","start":3011.15,"end":3011.79}]},{"text":"Instead, it requires certain links or nexus for jurisdiction to arise.","start":3012.19,"end":3016.59,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."},{"key":"subsidiarity-and-last-resort","label":"Subsidiarity and Last Resort","description":"Numerous speakers argued that universal jurisdiction should be secondary to territorial, nationality-based, or other closer jurisdictional links. In this view, it should be used only when the state with primary jurisdiction is unwilling or unable genuinely to investigate and prosecute."}],"words":[{"text":"Instead,","start":3012.19,"end":3012.75},{"text":"it","start":3012.75,"end":3012.99},{"text":"requires","start":3012.99,"end":3013.47},{"text":"certain","start":3013.47,"end":3013.87},{"text":"links","start":3013.87,"end":3014.27},{"text":"or","start":3014.27,"end":3014.35},{"text":"nexus","start":3014.35,"end":3014.99},{"text":"for","start":3015.07,"end":3015.23},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":3015.23,"end":3015.95},{"text":"to","start":3015.95,"end":3016.03},{"text":"arise.","start":3016.03,"end":3016.59}]},{"text":"This law also allows the Philippines to prosecute alleged offenders found in its territory for certain crimes under the principle of.","start":3017.15,"end":3025.63,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."},{"key":"subsidiarity-and-last-resort","label":"Subsidiarity and Last Resort","description":"Numerous speakers argued that universal jurisdiction should be secondary to territorial, nationality-based, or other closer jurisdictional links. In this view, it should be used only when the state with primary jurisdiction is unwilling or unable genuinely to investigate and prosecute."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":3017.15,"end":3017.39},{"text":"law","start":3017.39,"end":3017.51},{"text":"also","start":3017.51,"end":3017.87},{"text":"allows","start":3017.87,"end":3018.19},{"text":"the","start":3018.19,"end":3018.31},{"text":"Philippines","start":3018.31,"end":3018.79},{"text":"to","start":3018.79,"end":3018.91},{"text":"prosecute","start":3018.91,"end":3019.51},{"text":"alleged","start":3019.51,"end":3019.87},{"text":"offenders","start":3019.87,"end":3020.43},{"text":"found","start":3020.43,"end":3020.71},{"text":"in","start":3020.71,"end":3020.83},{"text":"its","start":3020.83,"end":3020.99},{"text":"territory","start":3020.99,"end":3021.63},{"text":"for","start":3022.19,"end":3022.43},{"text":"certain","start":3022.43,"end":3022.75},{"text":"crimes","start":3022.75,"end":3023.23},{"text":"under","start":3023.23,"end":3023.47},{"text":"the","start":3023.47,"end":3023.55},{"text":"principle","start":3023.55,"end":3025.35},{"text":"of.","start":3025.39,"end":3025.63}]},{"text":"In this regard, the law does not make prosecution contingent on the impossibility of extradition.","start":3026.35,"end":3031.79,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiarity-and-last-resort","label":"Subsidiarity and Last Resort","description":"Numerous speakers argued that universal jurisdiction should be secondary to territorial, nationality-based, or other closer jurisdictional links. In this view, it should be used only when the state with primary jurisdiction is unwilling or unable genuinely to investigate and prosecute."},{"key":"distinction-from-other-bases","label":"Distinction From Other Jurisdictional Bases","description":"Several speakers insisted that universal jurisdiction must be clearly distinguished from treaty-based obligations to extradite or prosecute, other forms of extraterritorial jurisdiction, and the jurisdiction of international criminal tribunals. They argued that conflating these concepts creates legal confusion and distorts state practice."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":3026.35,"end":3026.51},{"text":"this","start":3026.51,"end":3026.75},{"text":"regard,","start":3026.75,"end":3027.23},{"text":"the","start":3027.31,"end":3027.47},{"text":"law","start":3027.47,"end":3027.71},{"text":"does","start":3027.71,"end":3027.95},{"text":"not","start":3027.95,"end":3028.19},{"text":"make","start":3028.19,"end":3028.39},{"text":"prosecution","start":3028.39,"end":3029.07},{"text":"contingent","start":3029.07,"end":3029.79},{"text":"on","start":3029.79,"end":3029.91},{"text":"the","start":3029.91,"end":3029.99},{"text":"impossibility","start":3029.99,"end":3030.87},{"text":"of","start":3030.87,"end":3030.99},{"text":"extradition.","start":3030.99,"end":3031.79}]},{"text":"The law provides that in the interest of justice, Philippine authorities may defer investigation or prosecution if another state or international tribunal is already undertaking proceedings and may surrender or extradite the accused pursuant to applicable laws and treaties.","start":3032.35,"end":3048.91,"topics":[{"key":"procedural-safeguards","label":"Procedural Safeguards","description":"Many delegations called for procedural limits to ensure fair and disciplined use of universal jurisdiction. Frequently mentioned safeguards included the presence of the accused in the forum state, due process guarantees, prior consultation with concerned states, high-level prosecutorial review, and protection against duplicative proceedings."},{"key":"cooperation-and-national-capacity","label":"International Cooperation and National Capacity","description":"A recurring topic was the need to strengthen domestic justice systems and expand cooperation through extradition, mutual legal assistance, and judicial coordination. Delegations argued that stronger national capacity and better interstate cooperation are essential both to combat impunity and to reduce overreliance on universal jurisdiction."},{"key":"subsidiarity-and-last-resort","label":"Subsidiarity and Last Resort","description":"Numerous speakers argued that universal jurisdiction should be secondary to territorial, nationality-based, or other closer jurisdictional links. In this view, it should be used only when the state with primary jurisdiction is unwilling or unable genuinely to investigate and prosecute."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":3032.35,"end":3032.47},{"text":"law","start":3032.47,"end":3032.59},{"text":"provides","start":3032.59,"end":3033.15},{"text":"that","start":3033.15,"end":3033.55},{"text":"in","start":3033.63,"end":3033.79},{"text":"the","start":3033.79,"end":3033.91},{"text":"interest","start":3033.91,"end":3034.47},{"text":"of","start":3034.47,"end":3034.59},{"text":"justice,","start":3034.59,"end":3035.31},{"text":"Philippine","start":3035.67,"end":3035.95},{"text":"authorities","start":3035.95,"end":3036.67},{"text":"may","start":3036.67,"end":3037.15},{"text":"defer","start":3037.23,"end":3037.59},{"text":"investigation","start":3037.59,"end":3038.31},{"text":"or","start":3038.31,"end":3038.39},{"text":"prosecution","start":3038.39,"end":3039.23},{"text":"if","start":3039.31,"end":3039.63},{"text":"another","start":3039.63,"end":3039.95},{"text":"state","start":3039.95,"end":3040.31},{"text":"or","start":3040.31,"end":3040.39},{"text":"international","start":3040.39,"end":3040.95},{"text":"tribunal","start":3040.95,"end":3041.59},{"text":"is","start":3041.87,"end":3042.11},{"text":"already","start":3042.11,"end":3042.59},{"text":"undertaking","start":3042.59,"end":3043.19},{"text":"proceedings","start":3043.19,"end":3043.95},{"text":"and","start":3044.19,"end":3044.43},{"text":"may","start":3044.43,"end":3044.83},{"text":"surrender","start":3044.83,"end":3045.35},{"text":"or","start":3045.35,"end":3045.55},{"text":"extradite","start":3045.55,"end":3046.03},{"text":"the","start":3046.03,"end":3046.15},{"text":"accused","start":3046.15,"end":3046.59},{"text":"pursuant","start":3046.79,"end":3047.35},{"text":"to","start":3047.35,"end":3047.43},{"text":"applicable","start":3047.43,"end":3048.03},{"text":"laws","start":3048.03,"end":3048.23},{"text":"and","start":3048.23,"end":3048.39},{"text":"treaties.","start":3048.39,"end":3048.91}]},{"text":"However, this is discretionary in nature.","start":3049.15,"end":3051.47,"topics":[{"key":"procedural-safeguards","label":"Procedural Safeguards","description":"Many delegations called for procedural limits to ensure fair and disciplined use of universal jurisdiction. Frequently mentioned safeguards included the presence of the accused in the forum state, due process guarantees, prior consultation with concerned states, high-level prosecutorial review, and protection against duplicative proceedings."}],"words":[{"text":"However,","start":3049.15,"end":3049.55},{"text":"this","start":3049.55,"end":3049.79},{"text":"is","start":3049.79,"end":3050.07},{"text":"discretionary","start":3050.07,"end":3050.91},{"text":"in","start":3050.91,"end":3051.07},{"text":"nature.","start":3051.07,"end":3051.47}]},{"text":"So the Philippines may retain competence to prosecute even when extradition is possible.","start":3051.79,"end":3056.75,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiarity-and-last-resort","label":"Subsidiarity and Last Resort","description":"Numerous speakers argued that universal jurisdiction should be secondary to territorial, nationality-based, or other closer jurisdictional links. In this view, it should be used only when the state with primary jurisdiction is unwilling or unable genuinely to investigate and prosecute."},{"key":"distinction-from-other-bases","label":"Distinction From Other Jurisdictional Bases","description":"Several speakers insisted that universal jurisdiction must be clearly distinguished from treaty-based obligations to extradite or prosecute, other forms of extraterritorial jurisdiction, and the jurisdiction of international criminal tribunals. They argued that conflating these concepts creates legal confusion and distorts state practice."}],"words":[{"text":"So","start":3051.79,"end":3052.03},{"text":"the","start":3052.03,"end":3052.15},{"text":"Philippines","start":3052.15,"end":3052.67},{"text":"may","start":3052.67,"end":3052.91},{"text":"retain","start":3052.91,"end":3053.31},{"text":"competence","start":3053.31,"end":3053.83},{"text":"to","start":3053.83,"end":3054.03},{"text":"prosecute","start":3054.03,"end":3054.59},{"text":"even","start":3054.91,"end":3055.19},{"text":"when","start":3055.19,"end":3055.39},{"text":"extradition","start":3055.39,"end":3055.95},{"text":"is","start":3055.95,"end":3056.19},{"text":"possible.","start":3056.19,"end":3056.75}]},{"text":"And this reflects a complimentary, not residual form of jurisdiction intended to prevent impunity while respecting the role of other competent jurisdictions.","start":3057.11,"end":3066.83,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiarity-and-last-resort","label":"Subsidiarity and Last Resort","description":"Numerous speakers argued that universal jurisdiction should be secondary to territorial, nationality-based, or other closer jurisdictional links. In this view, it should be used only when the state with primary jurisdiction is unwilling or unable genuinely to investigate and prosecute."},{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":3057.11,"end":3057.27},{"text":"this","start":3057.27,"end":3057.39},{"text":"reflects","start":3057.39,"end":3057.87},{"text":"a","start":3057.87,"end":3057.91},{"text":"complimentary,","start":3057.91,"end":3058.83},{"text":"not","start":3058.99,"end":3059.27},{"text":"residual","start":3059.27,"end":3059.87},{"text":"form","start":3059.87,"end":3060.15},{"text":"of","start":3060.15,"end":3060.27},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":3060.27,"end":3060.99},{"text":"intended","start":3061.23,"end":3061.83},{"text":"to","start":3061.83,"end":3061.91},{"text":"prevent","start":3061.91,"end":3062.35},{"text":"impunity","start":3062.35,"end":3063.47},{"text":"while","start":3063.75,"end":3063.95},{"text":"respecting","start":3063.95,"end":3064.47},{"text":"the","start":3064.47,"end":3064.55},{"text":"role","start":3064.55,"end":3064.95},{"text":"of","start":3064.95,"end":3065.07},{"text":"other","start":3065.07,"end":3065.51},{"text":"competent","start":3065.59,"end":3065.91},{"text":"jurisdictions.","start":3065.91,"end":3066.83}]},{"text":"The same provision integrates safeguards against duplicative proceedings, including deference to ongoing cases and the application of ne bis in idem, precluding prosecution where a person has been finally tried abroad.","start":3067.47,"end":3080.83,"topics":[{"key":"procedural-safeguards","label":"Procedural Safeguards","description":"Many delegations called for procedural limits to ensure fair and disciplined use of universal jurisdiction. Frequently mentioned safeguards included the presence of the accused in the forum state, due process guarantees, prior consultation with concerned states, high-level prosecutorial review, and protection against duplicative proceedings."},{"key":"cooperation-and-national-capacity","label":"International Cooperation and National Capacity","description":"A recurring topic was the need to strengthen domestic justice systems and expand cooperation through extradition, mutual legal assistance, and judicial coordination. Delegations argued that stronger national capacity and better interstate cooperation are essential both to combat impunity and to reduce overreliance on universal jurisdiction."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":3067.47,"end":3067.63},{"text":"same","start":3067.63,"end":3067.87},{"text":"provision","start":3067.87,"end":3068.35},{"text":"integrates","start":3068.35,"end":3068.95},{"text":"safeguards","start":3068.95,"end":3069.55},{"text":"against","start":3069.55,"end":3069.99},{"text":"duplicative","start":3069.99,"end":3070.51},{"text":"proceedings,","start":3070.51,"end":3071.31},{"text":"including","start":3071.31,"end":3071.87},{"text":"deference","start":3071.87,"end":3072.43},{"text":"to","start":3072.43,"end":3072.55},{"text":"ongoing","start":3072.55,"end":3072.99},{"text":"cases","start":3072.99,"end":3073.63},{"text":"and","start":3073.95,"end":3074.15},{"text":"the","start":3074.15,"end":3074.23},{"text":"application","start":3074.23,"end":3074.79},{"text":"of","start":3074.79,"end":3074.99},{"text":"ne","start":3074.99,"end":3075.11},{"text":"bis","start":3075.11,"end":3075.31},{"text":"in","start":3075.31,"end":3075.55},{"text":"idem,","start":3075.59,"end":3075.95},{"text":"precluding","start":3076.43,"end":3076.95},{"text":"prosecution","start":3076.95,"end":3077.87},{"text":"where","start":3078.03,"end":3078.31},{"text":"a","start":3078.31,"end":3078.35},{"text":"person","start":3078.35,"end":3078.91},{"text":"has","start":3079.15,"end":3079.31},{"text":"been","start":3079.31,"end":3079.55},{"text":"finally","start":3079.55,"end":3080.03},{"text":"tried","start":3080.03,"end":3080.27},{"text":"abroad.","start":3080.27,"end":3080.83}]},{"text":"These mechanisms ensure that Philippine jurisdiction operates in a cooperative and non-duplicative manner, consistent with international comity, the orderly administration of justice, and the objective of addressing impunity.","start":3081.67,"end":3095.67,"topics":[{"key":"cooperation-and-national-capacity","label":"International Cooperation and National Capacity","description":"A recurring topic was the need to strengthen domestic justice systems and expand cooperation through extradition, mutual legal assistance, and judicial coordination. Delegations argued that stronger national capacity and better interstate cooperation are essential both to combat impunity and to reduce overreliance on universal jurisdiction."},{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."}],"words":[{"text":"These","start":3081.67,"end":3081.83},{"text":"mechanisms","start":3081.83,"end":3082.55},{"text":"ensure","start":3082.55,"end":3083.03},{"text":"that","start":3083.03,"end":3083.19},{"text":"Philippine","start":3083.19,"end":3083.59},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":3083.59,"end":3084.31},{"text":"operates","start":3084.31,"end":3084.87},{"text":"in","start":3084.87,"end":3085.03},{"text":"a","start":3085.03,"end":3085.07},{"text":"cooperative","start":3085.07,"end":3085.91},{"text":"and","start":3085.91,"end":3086.11},{"text":"non-duplicative","start":3086.11,"end":3086.95},{"text":"manner,","start":3086.95,"end":3087.43},{"text":"consistent","start":3087.83,"end":3089.27},{"text":"with","start":3089.27,"end":3089.51},{"text":"international","start":3089.51,"end":3090.23},{"text":"comity,","start":3090.23,"end":3090.87},{"text":"the","start":3091.19,"end":3091.31},{"text":"orderly","start":3091.31,"end":3091.75},{"text":"administration","start":3091.75,"end":3092.43},{"text":"of","start":3092.43,"end":3092.55},{"text":"justice,","start":3092.55,"end":3093.11},{"text":"and","start":3093.11,"end":3093.31},{"text":"the","start":3093.31,"end":3093.43},{"text":"objective","start":3093.43,"end":3094.15},{"text":"of","start":3094.15,"end":3094.39},{"text":"addressing","start":3094.55,"end":3094.99},{"text":"impunity.","start":3094.99,"end":3095.67}]},{"text":"Accordingly, Philippine law reflects two distinct approaches or perspectives to universal jurisdiction.","start":3096.63,"end":3102.55,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"Accordingly,","start":3096.63,"end":3097.19},{"text":"Philippine","start":3097.27,"end":3097.67},{"text":"law","start":3097.67,"end":3097.99},{"text":"reflects","start":3097.99,"end":3098.55},{"text":"two","start":3098.55,"end":3098.79},{"text":"distinct","start":3098.79,"end":3099.23},{"text":"approaches","start":3099.23,"end":3099.99},{"text":"or","start":3100.23,"end":3100.43},{"text":"perspectives","start":3100.43,"end":3101.03},{"text":"to","start":3101.03,"end":3101.11},{"text":"universal","start":3101.11,"end":3101.67},{"text":"jurisdiction.","start":3101.67,"end":3102.55}]},{"text":"One is the pure form, rooted in the law of piracy as a crime under customary international law, and the so-called subsidiary form, which is what we find in statute.","start":3102.99,"end":3113.35,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."},{"key":"subsidiarity-and-last-resort","label":"Subsidiarity and Last Resort","description":"Numerous speakers argued that universal jurisdiction should be secondary to territorial, nationality-based, or other closer jurisdictional links. In this view, it should be used only when the state with primary jurisdiction is unwilling or unable genuinely to investigate and prosecute."}],"words":[{"text":"One","start":3102.99,"end":3103.11},{"text":"is","start":3103.11,"end":3103.23},{"text":"the","start":3103.23,"end":3103.35},{"text":"pure","start":3103.35,"end":3103.75},{"text":"form,","start":3103.75,"end":3104.15},{"text":"rooted","start":3104.63,"end":3104.95},{"text":"in","start":3104.95,"end":3105.03},{"text":"the","start":3105.03,"end":3105.15},{"text":"law","start":3105.15,"end":3105.39},{"text":"of","start":3105.39,"end":3105.59},{"text":"piracy","start":3105.59,"end":3106.07},{"text":"as","start":3106.07,"end":3106.23},{"text":"a","start":3106.23,"end":3106.31},{"text":"crime","start":3106.31,"end":3106.63},{"text":"under","start":3106.63,"end":3106.87},{"text":"customary","start":3106.87,"end":3107.47},{"text":"international","start":3107.47,"end":3108.47},{"text":"law,","start":3108.47,"end":3108.55},{"text":"and","start":3108.95,"end":3109.27},{"text":"the","start":3109.59,"end":3109.91},{"text":"so-called","start":3109.91,"end":3110.35},{"text":"subsidiary","start":3110.35,"end":3111.03},{"text":"form,","start":3111.03,"end":3111.35},{"text":"which","start":3111.51,"end":3111.83},{"text":"is","start":3111.83,"end":3112.03},{"text":"what","start":3112.03,"end":3112.23},{"text":"we","start":3112.23,"end":3112.39},{"text":"find","start":3112.39,"end":3112.63},{"text":"in","start":3112.63,"end":3112.71},{"text":"statute.","start":3112.71,"end":3113.35}]},{"text":"In this case, it is not independent of link or nexus, but it makes jurisdiction contingent on at least one of the three statutory bases for jurisdiction.","start":3113.83,"end":3123.99,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiarity-and-last-resort","label":"Subsidiarity and Last Resort","description":"Numerous speakers argued that universal jurisdiction should be secondary to territorial, nationality-based, or other closer jurisdictional links. In this view, it should be used only when the state with primary jurisdiction is unwilling or unable genuinely to investigate and prosecute."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":3113.83,"end":3113.95},{"text":"this","start":3113.95,"end":3114.15},{"text":"case,","start":3114.15,"end":3114.47},{"text":"it","start":3114.47,"end":3114.63},{"text":"is","start":3114.63,"end":3114.79},{"text":"not","start":3114.79,"end":3115.27},{"text":"independent","start":3115.27,"end":3116.03},{"text":"of","start":3116.03,"end":3116.15},{"text":"link","start":3116.15,"end":3116.51},{"text":"or","start":3116.51,"end":3116.63},{"text":"nexus,","start":3116.63,"end":3117.27},{"text":"but","start":3117.67,"end":3117.83},{"text":"it","start":3117.83,"end":3117.99},{"text":"makes","start":3117.99,"end":3118.31},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":3118.31,"end":3119.19},{"text":"contingent","start":3119.19,"end":3119.99},{"text":"on","start":3120.15,"end":3120.35},{"text":"at","start":3120.35,"end":3120.47},{"text":"least","start":3120.47,"end":3120.71},{"text":"one","start":3120.71,"end":3121.03},{"text":"of","start":3121.03,"end":3121.19},{"text":"the","start":3121.19,"end":3121.35},{"text":"three","start":3121.59,"end":3121.91},{"text":"statutory","start":3121.91,"end":3122.55},{"text":"bases","start":3122.55,"end":3123.03},{"text":"for","start":3123.03,"end":3123.19},{"text":"jurisdiction.","start":3123.19,"end":3123.99}]},{"text":"Mr. Chair, as the committee moves towards establishing the working group at its 81st session, the Philippines underscores the importance of conceptual precision in this regard.","start":3125.23,"end":3135.31,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":3125.23,"end":3125.47},{"text":"Chair,","start":3125.47,"end":3125.79},{"text":"as","start":3125.79,"end":3125.87},{"text":"the","start":3125.87,"end":3126.03},{"text":"committee","start":3126.03,"end":3126.43},{"text":"moves","start":3126.43,"end":3126.75},{"text":"towards","start":3126.75,"end":3127.19},{"text":"establishing","start":3127.19,"end":3127.87},{"text":"the","start":3127.87,"end":3127.95},{"text":"working","start":3127.95,"end":3128.27},{"text":"group","start":3128.27,"end":3128.59},{"text":"at","start":3128.59,"end":3128.67},{"text":"its","start":3128.67,"end":3128.99},{"text":"81st","start":3128.99,"end":3129.51},{"text":"session,","start":3129.51,"end":3130.19},{"text":"the","start":3130.51,"end":3130.67},{"text":"Philippines","start":3130.67,"end":3131.23},{"text":"underscores","start":3131.23,"end":3131.95},{"text":"the","start":3131.95,"end":3132.03},{"text":"importance","start":3132.03,"end":3132.75},{"text":"of","start":3132.75,"end":3132.99},{"text":"conceptual","start":3132.99,"end":3133.63},{"text":"precision","start":3133.63,"end":3134.35},{"text":"in","start":3134.51,"end":3134.63},{"text":"this","start":3134.63,"end":3134.83},{"text":"regard.","start":3134.83,"end":3135.31}]},{"text":"Universal jurisdiction must be clearly distinguished from other forms of extraterritorial jurisdiction and from the competence of international criminal tribunals.","start":3135.71,"end":3145.15,"topics":[{"key":"distinction-from-other-bases","label":"Distinction From Other Jurisdictional Bases","description":"Several speakers insisted that universal jurisdiction must be clearly distinguished from treaty-based obligations to extradite or prosecute, other forms of extraterritorial jurisdiction, and the jurisdiction of international criminal tribunals. They argued that conflating these concepts creates legal confusion and distorts state practice."}],"words":[{"text":"Universal","start":3135.71,"end":3136.27},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":3136.27,"end":3136.99},{"text":"must","start":3136.99,"end":3137.23},{"text":"be","start":3137.23,"end":3137.31},{"text":"clearly","start":3137.31,"end":3137.79},{"text":"distinguished","start":3137.79,"end":3138.51},{"text":"from","start":3138.67,"end":3138.91},{"text":"other","start":3138.91,"end":3139.15},{"text":"forms","start":3139.15,"end":3139.59},{"text":"of","start":3139.59,"end":3139.79},{"text":"extraterritorial","start":3139.79,"end":3140.83},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":3140.83,"end":3141.71},{"text":"and","start":3141.99,"end":3142.19},{"text":"from","start":3142.19,"end":3142.43},{"text":"the","start":3142.43,"end":3142.51},{"text":"competence","start":3142.51,"end":3143.15},{"text":"of","start":3143.15,"end":3143.31},{"text":"international","start":3143.31,"end":3143.95},{"text":"criminal","start":3143.95,"end":3144.35},{"text":"tribunals.","start":3144.35,"end":3145.15}]},{"text":"Ambiguity in this regard risks undermining predictability and coherence in the application of international criminal law.","start":3145.55,"end":3152.95,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"Ambiguity","start":3145.55,"end":3146.31},{"text":"in","start":3146.31,"end":3146.43},{"text":"this","start":3146.43,"end":3146.67},{"text":"regard","start":3146.67,"end":3147.15},{"text":"risks","start":3147.31,"end":3147.87},{"text":"undermining","start":3147.87,"end":3148.63},{"text":"predictability","start":3148.63,"end":3149.47},{"text":"and","start":3149.47,"end":3149.63},{"text":"coherence","start":3149.63,"end":3150.35},{"text":"in","start":3150.59,"end":3150.75},{"text":"the","start":3150.75,"end":3150.87},{"text":"application","start":3150.87,"end":3151.47},{"text":"of","start":3151.47,"end":3151.55},{"text":"international","start":3151.55,"end":3152.19},{"text":"criminal","start":3152.19,"end":3152.87},{"text":"law.","start":3152.87,"end":3152.95}]},{"text":"Philippines further recalls that the legitimacy of universal jurisdiction rests upon its disciplined use.","start":3153.59,"end":3160.15,"topics":[{"key":"procedural-safeguards","label":"Procedural Safeguards","description":"Many delegations called for procedural limits to ensure fair and disciplined use of universal jurisdiction. Frequently mentioned safeguards included the presence of the accused in the forum state, due process guarantees, prior consultation with concerned states, high-level prosecutorial review, and protection against duplicative proceedings."}],"words":[{"text":"Philippines","start":3153.59,"end":3154.07},{"text":"further","start":3154.07,"end":3154.43},{"text":"recalls","start":3154.43,"end":3155.03},{"text":"that","start":3155.19,"end":3155.35},{"text":"the","start":3155.35,"end":3155.47},{"text":"legitimacy","start":3155.47,"end":3156.31},{"text":"of","start":3156.31,"end":3156.51},{"text":"universal","start":3156.51,"end":3157.03},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":3157.03,"end":3157.83},{"text":"rests","start":3157.99,"end":3158.47},{"text":"upon","start":3158.47,"end":3158.95},{"text":"its","start":3158.95,"end":3159.19},{"text":"disciplined","start":3159.19,"end":3159.83},{"text":"use.","start":3159.83,"end":3160.15}]},{"text":"It must be exercised in strict conformity with international law and in a manner consistent with the principles of sovereign equality, the immunities of state officials, and it must be taken to reinforce and not disrupt the international legal order grounded in the rule of law and sovereign equality.","start":3160.63,"end":3178.87,"topics":[{"key":"sovereignty-and-immunities","label":"Sovereignty and Immunities","description":"Many statements emphasized that the exercise of universal jurisdiction must respect sovereign equality, non-interference, territorial integrity, and the immunities of state officials under international law. 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It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr","start":3221.87,"end":3222.15},{"text":"President,","start":3222.15,"end":3222.63},{"text":"for","start":3222.91,"end":3223.15},{"text":"some","start":3223.15,"end":3223.47},{"text":"two","start":3223.47,"end":3223.71},{"text":"decades","start":3223.71,"end":3224.27},{"text":"now,","start":3224.27,"end":3224.51},{"text":"we","start":3224.51,"end":3224.67},{"text":"have","start":3224.67,"end":3224.83},{"text":"been","start":3224.83,"end":3224.99},{"text":"discussing","start":3224.99,"end":3225.63},{"text":"this","start":3225.63,"end":3225.87},{"text":"item","start":3225.87,"end":3226.43},{"text":"on","start":3226.43,"end":3226.83},{"text":"universal","start":3226.83,"end":3227.39},{"text":"jurisdiction,","start":3227.39,"end":3228.19},{"text":"always","start":3228.51,"end":3228.83},{"text":"with","start":3228.83,"end":3228.95},{"text":"the","start":3228.95,"end":3229.03},{"text":"same","start":3229.03,"end":3229.31},{"text":"determination","start":3229.31,"end":3229.95},{"text":"to","start":3229.95,"end":3230.07},{"text":"denounce","start":3230.07,"end":3230.67},{"text":"and","start":3230.67,"end":3230.83},{"text":"punish","start":3230.83,"end":3231.23},{"text":"the","start":3231.47,"end":3231.63},{"text":"numerous","start":3231.63,"end":3231.95},{"text":"massacres","start":3231.95,"end":3232.47},{"text":"of","start":3232.47,"end":3232.59},{"text":"innocent","start":3232.59,"end":3232.99},{"text":"civilians","start":3232.99,"end":3233.43},{"text":"throughout","start":3233.43,"end":3233.67},{"text":"the","start":3233.67,"end":3233.79},{"text":"world.","start":3233.79,"end":3234.11}]},{"text":"It is our firm belief that universal jurisdiction is the cornerstone in combating impunity and there is an urgent need to bring an end to numerous mass atrocities whilst ensuring that the perpetrators of such crimes are accountable for their actions.","start":3234.79,"end":3248.63,"topics":[{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. 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It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":3266.35,"end":3266.39},{"text":"is","start":3266.39,"end":3266.47},{"text":"a","start":3266.47,"end":3266.51},{"text":"fundamental","start":3266.51,"end":3267.03},{"text":"tool","start":3267.03,"end":3267.51},{"text":"in","start":3267.51,"end":3267.75},{"text":"combating","start":3267.75,"end":3268.11},{"text":"impunity","start":3268.11,"end":3268.63},{"text":"and","start":3268.63,"end":3268.91},{"text":"thus","start":3268.91,"end":3269.19},{"text":"the","start":3269.19,"end":3269.35},{"text":"appropriate","start":3269.51,"end":3269.99},{"text":"implementation","start":3269.99,"end":3270.79},{"text":"of","start":3271.03,"end":3271.19},{"text":"the","start":3271.19,"end":3271.27},{"text":"principles","start":3271.27,"end":3271.71},{"text":"of","start":3271.71,"end":3271.79},{"text":"international","start":3271.79,"end":3272.27},{"text":"criminal","start":3272.27,"end":3272.59},{"text":"justice.","start":3272.59,"end":3273.11}]},{"text":"The principle of universal jurisdiction is one of the main tools to prevent serious violations of international law and, if necessary, to punish them through appropriate criminal steps.","start":3273.75,"end":3285.39,"topics":[{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":3273.75,"end":3273.87},{"text":"principle","start":3273.87,"end":3274.31},{"text":"of","start":3274.31,"end":3274.39},{"text":"universal","start":3274.39,"end":3274.87},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":3274.87,"end":3275.51},{"text":"is","start":3275.51,"end":3275.71},{"text":"one","start":3275.71,"end":3275.87},{"text":"of","start":3275.87,"end":3275.99},{"text":"the","start":3275.99,"end":3276.11},{"text":"main","start":3276.11,"end":3276.55},{"text":"tools","start":3276.55,"end":3277.03},{"text":"to","start":3277.27,"end":3277.47},{"text":"prevent","start":3277.51,"end":3278.07},{"text":"serious","start":3278.07,"end":3278.55},{"text":"violations","start":3278.55,"end":3279.07},{"text":"of","start":3279.07,"end":3279.15},{"text":"international","start":3279.15,"end":3279.99},{"text":"law","start":3279.99,"end":3280.07},{"text":"and,","start":3280.39,"end":3280.71},{"text":"if","start":3280.71,"end":3280.87},{"text":"necessary,","start":3280.87,"end":3281.59},{"text":"to","start":3281.75,"end":3281.91},{"text":"punish","start":3281.91,"end":3282.31},{"text":"them","start":3282.31,"end":3282.47},{"text":"through","start":3282.47,"end":3282.83},{"text":"appropriate","start":3282.83,"end":3283.51},{"text":"criminal","start":3283.75,"end":3284.31},{"text":"steps.","start":3285.07,"end":3285.39}]},{"text":"This is why this is very important and as a pioneer in combating impunity, Senegal has integrated it into its domestic legislation through law number 2007-5 of the 12th of February 2007, which modified the criminal procedural code pertaining to the implementation of the Rome Treaty establishing the International Criminal Court.","start":3285.47,"end":3306.83,"topics":[{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. 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Delegations argued that stronger national capacity and better interstate cooperation are essential both to combat impunity and to reduce overreliance on universal jurisdiction."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":3285.47,"end":3285.79},{"text":"is","start":3285.79,"end":3286.03},{"text":"why","start":3286.03,"end":3286.35},{"text":"this","start":3286.99,"end":3287.39},{"text":"is","start":3287.55,"end":3287.71},{"text":"very","start":3287.71,"end":3287.91},{"text":"important","start":3287.91,"end":3288.59},{"text":"and","start":3288.59,"end":3288.75},{"text":"as","start":3288.75,"end":3288.87},{"text":"a","start":3288.87,"end":3288.91},{"text":"pioneer","start":3288.91,"end":3289.51},{"text":"in","start":3289.51,"end":3289.71},{"text":"combating","start":3289.71,"end":3290.15},{"text":"impunity,","start":3290.15,"end":3290.67},{"text":"Senegal","start":3290.67,"end":3291.03},{"text":"has","start":3291.03,"end":3291.15},{"text":"integrated","start":3291.15,"end":3291.79},{"text":"it","start":3291.79,"end":3291.95},{"text":"into","start":3292.19,"end":3292.55},{"text":"its","start":3292.55,"end":3292.91},{"text":"domestic","start":3292.91,"end":3293.55},{"text":"legislation","start":3293.55,"end":3294.35},{"text":"through","start":3294.75,"end":3295.23},{"text":"law","start":3295.23,"end":3295.63},{"text":"number","start":3295.63,"end":3296.03},{"text":"2007-5","start":3296.03,"end":3298.15},{"text":"of","start":3298.15,"end":3298.27},{"text":"the","start":3298.27,"end":3298.35},{"text":"12th","start":3298.35,"end":3298.63},{"text":"of","start":3298.63,"end":3298.71},{"text":"February","start":3298.71,"end":3299.03},{"text":"2007,","start":3299.03,"end":3299.79},{"text":"which","start":3300.03,"end":3300.27},{"text":"modified","start":3300.27,"end":3300.79},{"text":"the","start":3300.79,"end":3300.87},{"text":"criminal","start":3300.87,"end":3301.23},{"text":"procedural","start":3301.23,"end":3301.95},{"text":"code","start":3301.95,"end":3302.35},{"text":"pertaining","start":3302.79,"end":3303.23},{"text":"to","start":3303.23,"end":3303.31},{"text":"the","start":3303.31,"end":3303.39},{"text":"implementation","start":3303.39,"end":3303.91},{"text":"of","start":3303.91,"end":3303.99},{"text":"the","start":3303.99,"end":3304.11},{"text":"Rome","start":3304.11,"end":3304.43},{"text":"Treaty","start":3304.51,"end":3305.15},{"text":"establishing","start":3305.23,"end":3305.63},{"text":"the","start":3305.63,"end":3305.71},{"text":"International","start":3305.71,"end":3306.19},{"text":"Criminal","start":3306.19,"end":3306.51},{"text":"Court.","start":3306.51,"end":3306.83}]},{"text":"This text gives jurisdiction to Senegalese courts to recognize the crime of genocide, the crime against humanity, war crimes Terrorist Acts 2015.","start":3307.15,"end":3316.31,"topics":[{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."},{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":3307.15,"end":3307.39},{"text":"text","start":3307.39,"end":3307.87},{"text":"gives","start":3308.19,"end":3308.59},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":3308.99,"end":3309.63},{"text":"to","start":3309.63,"end":3309.75},{"text":"Senegalese","start":3309.87,"end":3310.43},{"text":"courts","start":3310.43,"end":3310.79},{"text":"to","start":3310.79,"end":3310.87},{"text":"recognize","start":3310.91,"end":3311.39},{"text":"the","start":3311.39,"end":3311.47},{"text":"crime","start":3311.47,"end":3311.75},{"text":"of","start":3311.83,"end":3311.95},{"text":"genocide,","start":3311.95,"end":3312.51},{"text":"the","start":3312.91,"end":3313.03},{"text":"crime","start":3313.03,"end":3313.27},{"text":"against","start":3313.27,"end":3313.51},{"text":"humanity,","start":3313.51,"end":3314.03},{"text":"war","start":3314.11,"end":3314.31},{"text":"crimes","start":3314.31,"end":3314.75},{"text":"Terrorist","start":3314.99,"end":3315.39},{"text":"Acts","start":3315.39,"end":3315.51},{"text":"2015.","start":3315.51,"end":3316.31}]},{"text":"That provision is strengthened by my country acceding to several international legal instruments pertaining to areas likely to be subject to the application of universal jurisdiction.","start":3316.31,"end":3326.19,"topics":[{"key":"cooperation-and-national-capacity","label":"International Cooperation and National Capacity","description":"A recurring topic was the need to strengthen domestic justice systems and expand cooperation through extradition, mutual legal assistance, and judicial coordination. Delegations argued that stronger national capacity and better interstate cooperation are essential both to combat impunity and to reduce overreliance on universal jurisdiction."}],"words":[{"text":"That","start":3316.31,"end":3316.43},{"text":"provision","start":3316.43,"end":3316.75},{"text":"is","start":3316.75,"end":3316.83},{"text":"strengthened","start":3316.83,"end":3317.31},{"text":"by","start":3317.31,"end":3317.47},{"text":"my","start":3317.63,"end":3317.87},{"text":"country","start":3317.87,"end":3318.23},{"text":"acceding","start":3318.23,"end":3318.67},{"text":"to","start":3318.67,"end":3318.79},{"text":"several","start":3318.79,"end":3319.31},{"text":"international","start":3319.47,"end":3319.99},{"text":"legal","start":3319.99,"end":3320.19},{"text":"instruments","start":3320.19,"end":3320.75},{"text":"pertaining","start":3320.99,"end":3321.47},{"text":"to","start":3321.47,"end":3321.71},{"text":"areas","start":3321.79,"end":3322.19},{"text":"likely","start":3322.35,"end":3322.83},{"text":"to","start":3322.83,"end":3322.95},{"text":"be","start":3322.95,"end":3323.47},{"text":"subject","start":3323.71,"end":3324.19},{"text":"to","start":3324.19,"end":3324.27},{"text":"the","start":3324.27,"end":3324.39},{"text":"application","start":3324.39,"end":3324.91},{"text":"of","start":3324.91,"end":3324.99},{"text":"universal","start":3324.99,"end":3325.55},{"text":"jurisdiction.","start":3325.55,"end":3326.19}]},{"text":"In order to address various uncertainties regarding the scope and potential abusive use of that notion, we must ensure that our collective action is not undermined regarding its implementation and therefore my delegation continues to call for it being implemented in good faith.","start":3326.59,"end":3344.55,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."},{"key":"politicization-and-selective-use","label":"Politicization and Selective Use","description":"A widely shared concern was that universal jurisdiction can be abused for political, discriminatory, or selective purposes. Delegations warned against using domestic courts to target foreign officials or advance geopolitical agendas under the banner of justice."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":3326.59,"end":3326.75},{"text":"order","start":3326.75,"end":3326.95},{"text":"to","start":3326.95,"end":3327.07},{"text":"address","start":3327.19,"end":3327.79},{"text":"various","start":3327.79,"end":3328.27},{"text":"uncertainties","start":3328.47,"end":3329.23},{"text":"regarding","start":3329.23,"end":3329.87},{"text":"the","start":3330.19,"end":3330.35},{"text":"scope","start":3330.43,"end":3330.91},{"text":"and","start":3330.99,"end":3331.19},{"text":"potential","start":3331.19,"end":3331.63},{"text":"abusive","start":3331.63,"end":3332.35},{"text":"use","start":3332.43,"end":3332.83},{"text":"of","start":3332.83,"end":3332.99},{"text":"that","start":3332.99,"end":3333.19},{"text":"notion,","start":3333.39,"end":3333.79},{"text":"we","start":3333.79,"end":3333.87},{"text":"must","start":3333.87,"end":3334.11},{"text":"ensure","start":3334.11,"end":3334.59},{"text":"that","start":3335.03,"end":3335.51},{"text":"our","start":3335.75,"end":3336.23},{"text":"collective","start":3336.39,"end":3336.95},{"text":"action","start":3336.95,"end":3337.31},{"text":"is","start":3337.31,"end":3337.43},{"text":"not","start":3337.43,"end":3337.75},{"text":"undermined","start":3337.75,"end":3338.55},{"text":"regarding","start":3338.87,"end":3339.43},{"text":"its","start":3339.43,"end":3339.67},{"text":"implementation","start":3339.67,"end":3340.43},{"text":"and","start":3340.43,"end":3340.59},{"text":"therefore","start":3340.67,"end":3341.03},{"text":"my","start":3341.03,"end":3341.11},{"text":"delegation","start":3341.11,"end":3341.55},{"text":"continues","start":3341.55,"end":3341.95},{"text":"to","start":3341.95,"end":3342.07},{"text":"call","start":3342.07,"end":3342.31},{"text":"for","start":3342.31,"end":3342.63},{"text":"it","start":3343.03,"end":3343.19},{"text":"being","start":3343.19,"end":3343.43},{"text":"implemented","start":3343.43,"end":3343.91},{"text":"in","start":3343.91,"end":3344.03},{"text":"good","start":3344.03,"end":3344.23},{"text":"faith.","start":3344.23,"end":3344.55}]},{"text":"Senegal considers that its implementation must always be based on the principles of international law, in particular the sovereignty of states, the non-interference in domestic affairs of states and the sovereign equality of states.","start":3344.87,"end":3355.71,"topics":[{"key":"sovereignty-and-immunities","label":"Sovereignty and Immunities","description":"Many statements emphasized that the exercise of universal jurisdiction must respect sovereign equality, non-interference, territorial integrity, and the immunities of state officials under international law. Several delegations warned that ignoring these principles would damage interstate relations and the legitimacy of the legal system."}],"words":[{"text":"Senegal","start":3344.87,"end":3345.35},{"text":"considers","start":3345.35,"end":3345.83},{"text":"that","start":3345.83,"end":3345.99},{"text":"its","start":3345.99,"end":3346.31},{"text":"implementation","start":3346.31,"end":3346.95},{"text":"must","start":3346.95,"end":3347.19},{"text":"always","start":3347.19,"end":3347.55},{"text":"be","start":3347.55,"end":3347.67},{"text":"based","start":3347.67,"end":3347.95},{"text":"on","start":3347.95,"end":3348.03},{"text":"the","start":3348.03,"end":3348.15},{"text":"principles","start":3348.15,"end":3348.71},{"text":"of","start":3348.71,"end":3348.95},{"text":"international","start":3349.19,"end":3350.03},{"text":"law,","start":3350.03,"end":3350.11},{"text":"in","start":3350.11,"end":3350.71},{"text":"particular","start":3350.71,"end":3351.15},{"text":"the","start":3351.15,"end":3351.23},{"text":"sovereignty","start":3351.23,"end":3351.55},{"text":"of","start":3351.55,"end":3351.63},{"text":"states,","start":3351.63,"end":3351.91},{"text":"the","start":3351.91,"end":3351.99},{"text":"non-interference","start":3351.99,"end":3352.63},{"text":"in","start":3352.63,"end":3352.79},{"text":"domestic","start":3353.03,"end":3353.35},{"text":"affairs","start":3353.35,"end":3353.59},{"text":"of","start":3353.59,"end":3353.67},{"text":"states","start":3353.67,"end":3353.99},{"text":"and","start":3353.99,"end":3354.19},{"text":"the","start":3354.19,"end":3354.27},{"text":"sovereign","start":3354.39,"end":3354.79},{"text":"equality","start":3354.79,"end":3355.23},{"text":"of","start":3355.23,"end":3355.31},{"text":"states.","start":3355.31,"end":3355.71}]},{"text":"So we also recognize that universal jurisdiction remains questioned and is the subject of controversy, in particular regarding crimes to which it is applicable.","start":3356.07,"end":3364.47,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"So","start":3356.07,"end":3356.23},{"text":"we","start":3356.31,"end":3356.43},{"text":"also","start":3356.43,"end":3356.63},{"text":"recognize","start":3356.63,"end":3357.11},{"text":"that","start":3357.11,"end":3357.23},{"text":"universal","start":3357.23,"end":3357.67},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":3357.67,"end":3358.55},{"text":"remains","start":3358.55,"end":3358.95},{"text":"questioned","start":3358.95,"end":3359.35},{"text":"and","start":3359.39,"end":3359.51},{"text":"is","start":3359.51,"end":3359.59},{"text":"the","start":3359.59,"end":3359.67},{"text":"subject","start":3359.67,"end":3360.11},{"text":"of","start":3360.11,"end":3360.19},{"text":"controversy,","start":3360.19,"end":3360.95},{"text":"in","start":3361.43,"end":3361.51},{"text":"particular","start":3361.51,"end":3361.95},{"text":"regarding","start":3361.95,"end":3362.39},{"text":"crimes","start":3362.39,"end":3362.87},{"text":"to","start":3363.31,"end":3363.35},{"text":"which","start":3363.35,"end":3363.59},{"text":"it","start":3363.59,"end":3363.67},{"text":"is","start":3363.67,"end":3363.87},{"text":"applicable.","start":3363.87,"end":3364.47}]},{"text":"We believe that all serious crimes, in particular mass abuse of civilians, must be in its scope.","start":3364.87,"end":3371.07,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."},{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3364.87,"end":3365.11},{"text":"believe","start":3365.11,"end":3365.47},{"text":"that","start":3365.47,"end":3365.67},{"text":"all","start":3365.67,"end":3365.83},{"text":"serious","start":3365.83,"end":3366.23},{"text":"crimes,","start":3366.23,"end":3366.59},{"text":"in","start":3366.59,"end":3366.67},{"text":"particular","start":3366.67,"end":3367.19},{"text":"mass","start":3367.27,"end":3367.75},{"text":"abuse","start":3368.23,"end":3368.71},{"text":"of","start":3368.79,"end":3368.95},{"text":"civilians,","start":3368.95,"end":3369.51},{"text":"must","start":3369.51,"end":3370.07},{"text":"be","start":3370.07,"end":3370.23},{"text":"in","start":3370.23,"end":3370.39},{"text":"its","start":3370.39,"end":3370.75},{"text":"scope.","start":3370.75,"end":3371.07}]},{"text":"To that end, I recall that the legitimacy and credibility of universal jurisdiction directly depend on it being exercised in conformity with well-established principles pursuant to international law, in particular the principle of complementarity that has become the backbone of the Rome Statute.","start":3371.35,"end":3388.79,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiarity-and-last-resort","label":"Subsidiarity and Last Resort","description":"Numerous speakers argued that universal jurisdiction should be secondary to territorial, nationality-based, or other closer jurisdictional links. In this view, it should be used only when the state with primary jurisdiction is unwilling or unable genuinely to investigate and prosecute."}],"words":[{"text":"To","start":3371.35,"end":3371.43},{"text":"that","start":3371.43,"end":3371.59},{"text":"end,","start":3371.67,"end":3371.91},{"text":"I","start":3371.91,"end":3372.07},{"text":"recall","start":3372.07,"end":3372.71},{"text":"that","start":3372.71,"end":3372.83},{"text":"the","start":3372.83,"end":3372.91},{"text":"legitimacy","start":3372.91,"end":3373.67},{"text":"and","start":3373.67,"end":3373.83},{"text":"credibility","start":3373.83,"end":3374.59},{"text":"of","start":3374.59,"end":3374.67},{"text":"universal","start":3374.67,"end":3375.15},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":3375.15,"end":3375.91},{"text":"directly","start":3377.19,"end":3377.67},{"text":"depend","start":3377.67,"end":3378.11},{"text":"on","start":3378.15,"end":3378.55},{"text":"it","start":3378.55,"end":3378.87},{"text":"being","start":3378.87,"end":3379.11},{"text":"exercised","start":3379.11,"end":3379.67},{"text":"in","start":3379.67,"end":3379.79},{"text":"conformity","start":3379.79,"end":3380.31},{"text":"with","start":3380.31,"end":3380.55},{"text":"well-established","start":3380.55,"end":3381.23},{"text":"principles","start":3381.23,"end":3381.83},{"text":"pursuant","start":3382.39,"end":3382.79},{"text":"to","start":3382.79,"end":3382.87},{"text":"international","start":3382.87,"end":3383.47},{"text":"law,","start":3383.47,"end":3383.55},{"text":"in","start":3383.55,"end":3383.71},{"text":"particular","start":3383.71,"end":3384.31},{"text":"the","start":3384.63,"end":3384.83},{"text":"principle","start":3385.07,"end":3385.47},{"text":"of","start":3385.47,"end":3385.55},{"text":"complementarity","start":3385.55,"end":3386.31},{"text":"that","start":3386.31,"end":3386.47},{"text":"has","start":3386.47,"end":3386.59},{"text":"become","start":3386.59,"end":3386.95},{"text":"the","start":3386.95,"end":3387.07},{"text":"backbone","start":3387.11,"end":3387.67},{"text":"of","start":3387.67,"end":3387.83},{"text":"the","start":3387.83,"end":3387.91},{"text":"Rome","start":3387.91,"end":3388.15},{"text":"Statute.","start":3388.15,"end":3388.79}]},{"text":"It can only be invoked when a state that should exercise its jurisdiction is not in a position to do so or does not want to investigate the mass presumed crime.","start":3389.55,"end":3400.75,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiarity-and-last-resort","label":"Subsidiarity and Last Resort","description":"Numerous speakers argued that universal jurisdiction should be secondary to territorial, nationality-based, or other closer jurisdictional links. In this view, it should be used only when the state with primary jurisdiction is unwilling or unable genuinely to investigate and prosecute."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":3389.55,"end":3389.63},{"text":"can","start":3389.63,"end":3389.79},{"text":"only","start":3389.87,"end":3390.19},{"text":"be","start":3390.19,"end":3390.35},{"text":"invoked","start":3390.35,"end":3390.83},{"text":"when","start":3390.83,"end":3391.19},{"text":"a","start":3391.19,"end":3391.23},{"text":"state","start":3391.31,"end":3391.87},{"text":"that","start":3391.87,"end":3392.19},{"text":"should","start":3392.19,"end":3392.59},{"text":"exercise","start":3392.59,"end":3393.19},{"text":"its","start":3393.23,"end":3393.55},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":3393.55,"end":3394.27},{"text":"is","start":3394.27,"end":3394.51},{"text":"not","start":3394.51,"end":3394.91},{"text":"in","start":3394.91,"end":3395.23},{"text":"a","start":3395.23,"end":3395.27},{"text":"position","start":3395.27,"end":3395.63},{"text":"to","start":3395.63,"end":3395.71},{"text":"do","start":3395.71,"end":3395.95},{"text":"so","start":3395.95,"end":3396.19},{"text":"or","start":3396.51,"end":3396.67},{"text":"does","start":3396.67,"end":3396.91},{"text":"not","start":3396.91,"end":3397.31},{"text":"want","start":3397.31,"end":3397.51},{"text":"to","start":3397.51,"end":3397.59},{"text":"investigate","start":3397.59,"end":3398.43},{"text":"the","start":3398.75,"end":3398.95},{"text":"mass","start":3398.99,"end":3399.47},{"text":"presumed","start":3399.55,"end":3400.19},{"text":"crime.","start":3400.35,"end":3400.75}]},{"text":"Senegal remains convinced that national courts of the state that have the primary responsibility to conduct investigations and to prosecute crimes which apparently have been committed by its citizens should have jurisdiction.","start":3400.75,"end":3413.95,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiarity-and-last-resort","label":"Subsidiarity and Last Resort","description":"Numerous speakers argued that universal jurisdiction should be secondary to territorial, nationality-based, or other closer jurisdictional links. In this view, it should be used only when the state with primary jurisdiction is unwilling or unable genuinely to investigate and prosecute."},{"key":"cooperation-and-national-capacity","label":"International Cooperation and National Capacity","description":"A recurring topic was the need to strengthen domestic justice systems and expand cooperation through extradition, mutual legal assistance, and judicial coordination. Delegations argued that stronger national capacity and better interstate cooperation are essential both to combat impunity and to reduce overreliance on universal jurisdiction."}],"words":[{"text":"Senegal","start":3400.75,"end":3401.15},{"text":"remains","start":3401.15,"end":3401.47},{"text":"convinced","start":3401.47,"end":3401.95},{"text":"that","start":3401.95,"end":3402.11},{"text":"national","start":3402.11,"end":3402.67},{"text":"courts","start":3403.63,"end":3404.19},{"text":"of","start":3404.19,"end":3404.35},{"text":"the","start":3404.35,"end":3404.43},{"text":"state","start":3404.43,"end":3404.75},{"text":"that","start":3404.75,"end":3404.91},{"text":"have","start":3404.91,"end":3405.15},{"text":"the","start":3405.47,"end":3405.59},{"text":"primary","start":3405.63,"end":3406.03},{"text":"responsibility","start":3406.03,"end":3406.67},{"text":"to","start":3406.67,"end":3406.75},{"text":"conduct","start":3406.75,"end":3407.07},{"text":"investigations","start":3407.07,"end":3407.83},{"text":"and","start":3407.83,"end":3407.95},{"text":"to","start":3407.95,"end":3408.03},{"text":"prosecute","start":3408.03,"end":3408.51},{"text":"crimes","start":3408.51,"end":3409.07},{"text":"which","start":3409.51,"end":3409.71},{"text":"apparently","start":3409.71,"end":3410.11},{"text":"have","start":3410.11,"end":3410.23},{"text":"been","start":3410.23,"end":3410.35},{"text":"committed","start":3410.35,"end":3410.67},{"text":"by","start":3410.67,"end":3410.99},{"text":"its","start":3410.99,"end":3411.27},{"text":"citizens","start":3411.27,"end":3412.03},{"text":"should","start":3412.35,"end":3412.83},{"text":"have","start":3412.91,"end":3413.15},{"text":"jurisdiction.","start":3413.15,"end":3413.95}]},{"text":"In order to have a better consideration of all of these concerns and In order to give more credibility to the application of universal jurisdiction, it is important to have a good discussion, to have a unified approach and to achieve consensus on the definition and the legal framework for its scope.","start":3414.35,"end":3432.15,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":3414.35,"end":3414.59},{"text":"order","start":3414.59,"end":3414.99},{"text":"to","start":3414.99,"end":3415.23},{"text":"have","start":3415.23,"end":3415.39},{"text":"a","start":3415.39,"end":3415.43},{"text":"better","start":3415.43,"end":3415.91},{"text":"consideration","start":3416.11,"end":3416.87},{"text":"of","start":3416.87,"end":3416.99},{"text":"all","start":3416.99,"end":3417.19},{"text":"of","start":3417.19,"end":3417.31},{"text":"these","start":3417.31,"end":3417.47},{"text":"concerns","start":3417.47,"end":3418.27},{"text":"and","start":3418.27,"end":3418.75},{"text":"In","start":3419.23,"end":3419.47},{"text":"order","start":3419.47,"end":3419.95},{"text":"to","start":3419.95,"end":3420.11},{"text":"give","start":3420.11,"end":3420.35},{"text":"more","start":3420.35,"end":3420.51},{"text":"credibility","start":3420.51,"end":3421.23},{"text":"to","start":3421.23,"end":3421.31},{"text":"the","start":3421.31,"end":3421.43},{"text":"application","start":3421.43,"end":3421.95},{"text":"of","start":3421.95,"end":3422.03},{"text":"universal","start":3422.03,"end":3422.59},{"text":"jurisdiction,","start":3422.99,"end":3423.63},{"text":"it","start":3423.63,"end":3423.71},{"text":"is","start":3423.71,"end":3423.79},{"text":"important","start":3423.79,"end":3424.63},{"text":"to","start":3424.63,"end":3424.71},{"text":"have","start":3424.91,"end":3425.15},{"text":"a","start":3425.23,"end":3425.27},{"text":"good","start":3425.27,"end":3425.59},{"text":"discussion,","start":3425.59,"end":3426.27},{"text":"to","start":3426.51,"end":3426.67},{"text":"have","start":3426.67,"end":3426.83},{"text":"a","start":3426.83,"end":3426.87},{"text":"unified","start":3426.87,"end":3427.39},{"text":"approach","start":3427.39,"end":3427.95},{"text":"and","start":3427.95,"end":3428.19},{"text":"to","start":3428.19,"end":3428.31},{"text":"achieve","start":3428.31,"end":3428.63},{"text":"consensus","start":3428.63,"end":3429.15},{"text":"on","start":3429.15,"end":3429.31},{"text":"the","start":3429.31,"end":3429.39},{"text":"definition","start":3429.39,"end":3429.91},{"text":"and","start":3429.91,"end":3430.03},{"text":"the","start":3430.03,"end":3430.11},{"text":"legal","start":3430.11,"end":3430.43},{"text":"framework","start":3430.43,"end":3430.99},{"text":"for","start":3431.31,"end":3431.55},{"text":"its","start":3431.55,"end":3431.83},{"text":"scope.","start":3431.83,"end":3432.15}]},{"text":"My delegation therefore believes that exchanges on the need to address universal jurisdiction to avoid political difficulties should continue within the Sixth Committee, but these discussions may not lead to a satisfactory result.","start":3432.51,"end":3449.59,"topics":[{"key":"politicization-and-selective-use","label":"Politicization and Selective Use","description":"A widely shared concern was that universal jurisdiction can be abused for political, discriminatory, or selective purposes. Delegations warned against using domestic courts to target foreign officials or advance geopolitical agendas under the banner of justice."}],"words":[{"text":"My","start":3432.51,"end":3432.67},{"text":"delegation","start":3432.67,"end":3433.19},{"text":"therefore","start":3433.19,"end":3433.47},{"text":"believes","start":3433.47,"end":3434.03},{"text":"that","start":3434.03,"end":3434.31},{"text":"exchanges","start":3434.31,"end":3435.07},{"text":"on","start":3435.07,"end":3435.31},{"text":"the","start":3435.31,"end":3435.43},{"text":"need","start":3435.47,"end":3435.87},{"text":"to","start":3435.95,"end":3436.23},{"text":"address","start":3437.63,"end":3438.23},{"text":"universal","start":3438.23,"end":3438.79},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":3438.79,"end":3439.59},{"text":"to","start":3439.59,"end":3439.75},{"text":"avoid","start":3439.75,"end":3440.23},{"text":"political","start":3440.71,"end":3441.19},{"text":"difficulties","start":3441.19,"end":3442.31},{"text":"should","start":3442.55,"end":3443.03},{"text":"continue","start":3443.03,"end":3443.59},{"text":"within","start":3443.59,"end":3443.83},{"text":"the","start":3443.83,"end":3443.91},{"text":"Sixth","start":3443.91,"end":3444.23},{"text":"Committee,","start":3444.23,"end":3444.63},{"text":"but","start":3444.63,"end":3445.19},{"text":"these","start":3445.67,"end":3446.07},{"text":"discussions","start":3446.15,"end":3446.63},{"text":"may","start":3446.63,"end":3446.79},{"text":"not","start":3446.79,"end":3447.03},{"text":"lead","start":3447.03,"end":3447.19},{"text":"to","start":3447.19,"end":3447.43},{"text":"a","start":3447.67,"end":3447.71},{"text":"satisfactory","start":3447.71,"end":3448.47},{"text":"result.","start":3448.87,"end":3449.59}]},{"text":"It is unanimously admitted that the ILC within the United Nations remains the only unique body to provide legal aspects of notions, concepts and other principles facing us.","start":3450.07,"end":3463.67,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":3450.07,"end":3450.15},{"text":"is","start":3450.23,"end":3450.39},{"text":"unanimously","start":3450.39,"end":3451.67},{"text":"admitted","start":3452.31,"end":3452.79},{"text":"that","start":3452.87,"end":3453.19},{"text":"the","start":3453.27,"end":3453.47},{"text":"ILC","start":3453.59,"end":3454.47},{"text":"within","start":3454.47,"end":3454.79},{"text":"the","start":3454.79,"end":3454.87},{"text":"United","start":3454.87,"end":3455.27},{"text":"Nations","start":3455.27,"end":3455.67},{"text":"remains","start":3456.07,"end":3456.63},{"text":"the","start":3456.63,"end":3456.79},{"text":"only","start":3456.87,"end":3457.27},{"text":"unique","start":3457.27,"end":3457.75},{"text":"body","start":3457.75,"end":3458.31},{"text":"to","start":3458.47,"end":3458.67},{"text":"provide","start":3458.71,"end":3459.27},{"text":"legal","start":3459.35,"end":3459.91},{"text":"aspects","start":3459.91,"end":3460.47},{"text":"of","start":3460.47,"end":3460.55},{"text":"notions,","start":3460.55,"end":3461.11},{"text":"concepts","start":3461.11,"end":3461.51},{"text":"and","start":3461.51,"end":3461.63},{"text":"other","start":3461.63,"end":3461.83},{"text":"principles","start":3461.83,"end":3462.71},{"text":"facing","start":3463.11,"end":3463.51},{"text":"us.","start":3463.51,"end":3463.67}]},{"text":"This is why my delegation welcomes the fact that the scope and application of universal jurisdiction is going to be on the long-term work programme of the ILC.","start":3463.67,"end":3473.11,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":3463.67,"end":3463.83},{"text":"is","start":3463.83,"end":3463.99},{"text":"why","start":3463.99,"end":3464.15},{"text":"my","start":3464.15,"end":3464.31},{"text":"delegation","start":3464.31,"end":3465.11},{"text":"welcomes","start":3465.99,"end":3466.43},{"text":"the","start":3466.43,"end":3466.55},{"text":"fact","start":3466.55,"end":3466.87},{"text":"that","start":3466.87,"end":3467.03},{"text":"the","start":3467.03,"end":3467.15},{"text":"scope","start":3467.19,"end":3467.47},{"text":"and","start":3467.47,"end":3467.59},{"text":"application","start":3467.59,"end":3468.11},{"text":"of","start":3468.11,"end":3468.23},{"text":"universal","start":3468.23,"end":3468.71},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":3468.71,"end":3469.39},{"text":"is","start":3469.39,"end":3469.51},{"text":"going","start":3469.51,"end":3469.75},{"text":"to","start":3469.75,"end":3469.87},{"text":"be","start":3469.87,"end":3470.07},{"text":"on","start":3470.07,"end":3470.31},{"text":"the","start":3470.31,"end":3470.51},{"text":"long-term","start":3470.51,"end":3471.07},{"text":"work","start":3471.11,"end":3471.35},{"text":"programme","start":3471.35,"end":3471.75},{"text":"of","start":3471.75,"end":3472.07},{"text":"the","start":3472.07,"end":3472.27},{"text":"ILC.","start":3472.27,"end":3473.11}]},{"text":"In conclusion, my delegation would urge all Member States to remain determined to act for the requirement of justice for all victims of mass crimes, the very raison d'etre of universal jurisdiction to be respected throughout the world.","start":3473.51,"end":3485.47,"topics":[{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious 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Indonesia.","start":3487.59,"end":3493.11,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":3487.59,"end":3487.75},{"text":"thank","start":3487.75,"end":3487.99},{"text":"you","start":3487.99,"end":3488.15},{"text":"for","start":3488.15,"end":3488.35},{"text":"your","start":3488.35,"end":3488.47},{"text":"statement","start":3488.47,"end":3489.35},{"text":"and","start":3489.35,"end":3489.87},{"text":"the","start":3489.87,"end":3489.95},{"text":"next","start":3489.95,"end":3490.31},{"text":"speaker","start":3490.31,"end":3490.71},{"text":"on","start":3490.71,"end":3490.79},{"text":"my","start":3490.79,"end":3490.95},{"text":"list","start":3490.95,"end":3491.27},{"text":"is","start":3491.27,"end":3491.35},{"text":"the","start":3491.35,"end":3491.43},{"text":"representative","start":3491.43,"end":3492.23},{"text":"of","start":3492.23,"end":3492.31},{"text":"Indonesia.","start":3492.31,"end":3493.11}]},{"text":"You have the floor.","start":3493.19,"end":3493.99,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"You","start":3493.19,"end":3493.35},{"text":"have","start":3493.35,"end":3493.51},{"text":"the","start":3493.51,"end":3493.59},{"text":"floor.","start":3493.59,"end":3493.99}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"6th Committee","affiliation_full":"6th Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":28,"start":3499.75,"pageUrl":"/en/ga/c6/80/23?t=3500","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Mr. Chair.","start":3499.75,"end":3500.71,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":3499.75,"end":3499.99},{"text":"you,","start":3499.99,"end":3500.07},{"text":"Mr.","start":3500.07,"end":3500.35},{"text":"Chair.","start":3500.35,"end":3500.71}]},{"text":"We thank the Secretary-General for his report as reflected in document A/AT/274.","start":3501.91,"end":3508.47,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3501.91,"end":3502.15},{"text":"thank","start":3502.15,"end":3502.35},{"text":"the","start":3502.35,"end":3502.43},{"text":"Secretary-General","start":3502.43,"end":3503.43},{"text":"for","start":3503.43,"end":3503.59},{"text":"his","start":3503.59,"end":3503.75},{"text":"report","start":3503.75,"end":3504.27},{"text":"as","start":3504.27,"end":3504.35},{"text":"reflected","start":3504.35,"end":3505.03},{"text":"in","start":3505.03,"end":3505.15},{"text":"document","start":3505.15,"end":3505.71},{"text":"A/AT/274.","start":3505.71,"end":3508.47}]},{"text":"My delegation aligns itself with the statement delivered by the Islamic Republic of Iran on behalf of the Non-Aligned Movement and Brazil on behalf of the Group of Countries.","start":3509.03,"end":3518.31,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"My","start":3509.03,"end":3509.27},{"text":"delegation","start":3509.27,"end":3509.87},{"text":"aligns","start":3509.87,"end":3510.31},{"text":"itself","start":3510.31,"end":3510.95},{"text":"with","start":3510.95,"end":3511.11},{"text":"the","start":3511.11,"end":3511.19},{"text":"statement","start":3511.19,"end":3511.63},{"text":"delivered","start":3511.63,"end":3512.15},{"text":"by","start":3512.15,"end":3512.23},{"text":"the","start":3512.23,"end":3512.31},{"text":"Islamic","start":3512.31,"end":3512.75},{"text":"Republic","start":3512.75,"end":3513.07},{"text":"of","start":3513.07,"end":3513.31},{"text":"Iran","start":3513.31,"end":3513.67},{"text":"on","start":3513.67,"end":3513.75},{"text":"behalf","start":3513.75,"end":3514.27},{"text":"of","start":3514.27,"end":3514.39},{"text":"the","start":3514.39,"end":3514.47},{"text":"Non-Aligned","start":3514.47,"end":3514.95},{"text":"Movement","start":3514.95,"end":3515.51},{"text":"and","start":3515.75,"end":3515.95},{"text":"Brazil","start":3515.95,"end":3516.43},{"text":"on","start":3516.43,"end":3516.55},{"text":"behalf","start":3516.55,"end":3517.07},{"text":"of","start":3517.07,"end":3517.15},{"text":"the","start":3517.15,"end":3517.27},{"text":"Group","start":3517.27,"end":3517.51},{"text":"of","start":3517.51,"end":3517.67},{"text":"Countries.","start":3517.67,"end":3518.31}]},{"text":"Mr. Chair, Indonesia recognizes that the principle of universal jurisdiction remains an important yet sensitive concept in international law.","start":3519.55,"end":3528.11,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":3519.55,"end":3519.79},{"text":"Chair,","start":3519.79,"end":3520.19},{"text":"Indonesia","start":3520.19,"end":3520.75},{"text":"recognizes","start":3520.75,"end":3521.39},{"text":"that","start":3521.39,"end":3521.55},{"text":"the","start":3521.55,"end":3521.63},{"text":"principle","start":3521.63,"end":3522.23},{"text":"of","start":3522.23,"end":3522.35},{"text":"universal","start":3522.35,"end":3522.91},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":3522.91,"end":3523.79},{"text":"remains","start":3523.79,"end":3524.27},{"text":"an","start":3524.27,"end":3524.43},{"text":"important","start":3524.43,"end":3525.11},{"text":"yet","start":3525.31,"end":3525.63},{"text":"sensitive","start":3525.63,"end":3526.11},{"text":"concept","start":3526.11,"end":3526.75},{"text":"in","start":3526.83,"end":3527.07},{"text":"international","start":3527.07,"end":3527.91},{"text":"law.","start":3527.91,"end":3528.11}]},{"text":"It reflects our shared determination that the most serious crimes of concern to the international community do not go unpunished.","start":3529.07,"end":3536.91,"topics":[{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":3529.07,"end":3529.23},{"text":"reflects","start":3529.23,"end":3529.71},{"text":"our","start":3529.71,"end":3529.95},{"text":"shared","start":3529.95,"end":3530.39},{"text":"determination","start":3530.43,"end":3531.39},{"text":"that","start":3531.39,"end":3531.55},{"text":"the","start":3531.55,"end":3531.67},{"text":"most","start":3531.67,"end":3532.07},{"text":"serious","start":3532.07,"end":3532.51},{"text":"crimes","start":3532.51,"end":3532.91},{"text":"of","start":3532.91,"end":3533.07},{"text":"concern","start":3533.07,"end":3533.75},{"text":"to","start":3533.75,"end":3533.83},{"text":"the","start":3533.95,"end":3534.07},{"text":"international","start":3534.11,"end":3534.83},{"text":"community","start":3534.83,"end":3535.47},{"text":"do","start":3535.47,"end":3535.63},{"text":"not","start":3535.63,"end":3535.87},{"text":"go","start":3535.87,"end":3536.11},{"text":"unpunished.","start":3536.11,"end":3536.91}]},{"text":"Yet, as noble as this principle is, its legitimacy depends on how responsibly it is exercised.","start":3537.31,"end":3544.51,"topics":[{"key":"procedural-safeguards","label":"Procedural Safeguards","description":"Many delegations called for procedural limits to ensure fair and disciplined use of universal jurisdiction. Frequently mentioned safeguards included the presence of the accused in the forum state, due process guarantees, prior consultation with concerned states, high-level prosecutorial review, and protection against duplicative proceedings."}],"words":[{"text":"Yet,","start":3537.31,"end":3537.71},{"text":"as","start":3538.03,"end":3538.27},{"text":"noble","start":3538.27,"end":3538.67},{"text":"as","start":3538.67,"end":3538.91},{"text":"this","start":3538.91,"end":3539.15},{"text":"principle","start":3539.15,"end":3539.63},{"text":"is,","start":3539.63,"end":3540.03},{"text":"its","start":3540.19,"end":3540.43},{"text":"legitimacy","start":3540.43,"end":3541.31},{"text":"depends","start":3541.47,"end":3542.03},{"text":"on","start":3542.03,"end":3542.15},{"text":"how","start":3542.15,"end":3542.27},{"text":"responsibly","start":3542.27,"end":3543.23},{"text":"it","start":3543.23,"end":3543.31},{"text":"is","start":3543.31,"end":3543.55},{"text":"exercised.","start":3543.55,"end":3544.51}]},{"text":"Without clarity and safeguards, universal jurisdiction risks becoming universal confusion.","start":3545.63,"end":3550.95,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."},{"key":"procedural-safeguards","label":"Procedural Safeguards","description":"Many delegations called for procedural limits to ensure fair and disciplined use of universal jurisdiction. Frequently mentioned safeguards included the presence of the accused in the forum state, due process guarantees, prior consultation with concerned states, high-level prosecutorial review, and protection against duplicative proceedings."}],"words":[{"text":"Without","start":3545.63,"end":3545.83},{"text":"clarity","start":3545.83,"end":3546.35},{"text":"and","start":3546.35,"end":3546.47},{"text":"safeguards,","start":3546.47,"end":3547.27},{"text":"universal","start":3547.27,"end":3547.83},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":3547.83,"end":3548.55},{"text":"risks","start":3548.55,"end":3548.95},{"text":"becoming","start":3548.95,"end":3549.47},{"text":"universal","start":3549.47,"end":3550.07},{"text":"confusion.","start":3550.07,"end":3550.95}]},{"text":"Therefore, allow me to highlight three key points that guide our position.","start":3551.51,"end":3555.83,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Therefore,","start":3551.51,"end":3552.15},{"text":"allow","start":3552.15,"end":3552.35},{"text":"me","start":3552.35,"end":3552.55},{"text":"to","start":3552.55,"end":3552.63},{"text":"highlight","start":3552.63,"end":3553.23},{"text":"three","start":3553.23,"end":3553.51},{"text":"key","start":3553.51,"end":3553.75},{"text":"points","start":3553.75,"end":3554.15},{"text":"that","start":3554.15,"end":3554.39},{"text":"guide","start":3554.39,"end":3554.79},{"text":"our","start":3554.79,"end":3555.11},{"text":"position.","start":3555.11,"end":3555.83}]},{"text":"First, uphold sovereignty and non-intervention.","start":3556.63,"end":3559.67,"topics":[{"key":"sovereignty-and-immunities","label":"Sovereignty and Immunities","description":"Many statements emphasized that the exercise of universal jurisdiction must respect sovereign equality, non-interference, territorial integrity, and the immunities of state officials under international law. Several delegations warned that ignoring these principles would damage interstate relations and the legitimacy of the legal system."}],"words":[{"text":"First,","start":3556.63,"end":3557.19},{"text":"uphold","start":3557.27,"end":3557.75},{"text":"sovereignty","start":3557.75,"end":3558.31},{"text":"and","start":3558.31,"end":3558.51},{"text":"non-intervention.","start":3558.51,"end":3559.67}]},{"text":"For Indonesia, the principles of sovereign equality, non-intervention, and respect for national jurisdiction remain the cornerstones of international law.","start":3560.23,"end":3569.19,"topics":[{"key":"sovereignty-and-immunities","label":"Sovereignty and Immunities","description":"Many statements emphasized that the exercise of universal jurisdiction must respect sovereign equality, non-interference, territorial integrity, and the immunities of state officials under international law. Several delegations warned that ignoring these principles would damage interstate relations and the legitimacy of the legal system."}],"words":[{"text":"For","start":3560.23,"end":3560.47},{"text":"Indonesia,","start":3560.47,"end":3561.15},{"text":"the","start":3561.15,"end":3561.23},{"text":"principles","start":3561.23,"end":3561.87},{"text":"of","start":3561.87,"end":3561.99},{"text":"sovereign","start":3561.99,"end":3562.39},{"text":"equality,","start":3562.39,"end":3563.11},{"text":"non-intervention,","start":3563.35,"end":3564.47},{"text":"and","start":3564.47,"end":3564.63},{"text":"respect","start":3564.63,"end":3565.07},{"text":"for","start":3565.07,"end":3565.27},{"text":"national","start":3565.27,"end":3565.75},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":3565.75,"end":3566.55},{"text":"remain","start":3566.79,"end":3567.19},{"text":"the","start":3567.19,"end":3567.27},{"text":"cornerstones","start":3567.27,"end":3567.99},{"text":"of","start":3567.99,"end":3568.23},{"text":"international","start":3568.23,"end":3568.99},{"text":"law.","start":3568.99,"end":3569.19}]},{"text":"Universal jurisdiction must not be weaponized as a tool for political pressure or selective justice.","start":3570.39,"end":3576.47,"topics":[{"key":"politicization-and-selective-use","label":"Politicization and Selective Use","description":"A widely shared concern was that universal jurisdiction can be abused for political, discriminatory, or selective purposes. Delegations warned against using domestic courts to target foreign officials or advance geopolitical agendas under the banner of justice."}],"words":[{"text":"Universal","start":3570.39,"end":3570.87},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":3570.87,"end":3571.51},{"text":"must","start":3571.51,"end":3571.75},{"text":"not","start":3571.75,"end":3571.99},{"text":"be","start":3571.99,"end":3572.15},{"text":"weaponized","start":3572.15,"end":3572.99},{"text":"as","start":3573.11,"end":3573.27},{"text":"a","start":3573.27,"end":3573.35},{"text":"tool","start":3573.35,"end":3573.67},{"text":"for","start":3573.67,"end":3573.83},{"text":"political","start":3573.83,"end":3574.39},{"text":"pressure","start":3574.39,"end":3574.95},{"text":"or","start":3574.95,"end":3575.19},{"text":"selective","start":3575.19,"end":3575.75},{"text":"justice.","start":3575.75,"end":3576.47}]},{"text":"Justice divorced from sovereignty is justice without legitimacy.","start":3577.19,"end":3580.95,"topics":[{"key":"sovereignty-and-immunities","label":"Sovereignty and Immunities","description":"Many statements emphasized that the exercise of universal jurisdiction must respect sovereign equality, non-interference, territorial integrity, and the immunities of state officials under international law. Several delegations warned that ignoring these principles would damage interstate relations and the legitimacy of the legal system."}],"words":[{"text":"Justice","start":3577.19,"end":3577.63},{"text":"divorced","start":3577.63,"end":3578.11},{"text":"from","start":3578.11,"end":3578.27},{"text":"sovereignty","start":3578.27,"end":3578.95},{"text":"is","start":3579.19,"end":3579.43},{"text":"justice","start":3579.43,"end":3579.83},{"text":"without","start":3579.83,"end":3580.23},{"text":"legitimacy.","start":3580.23,"end":3580.95}]},{"text":"We therefore underscore the need for a shared understanding and clear parameters that distinguish a universal jurisdiction from other jurisdictional basis, ensuring that it is exercised strictly in conformity with the Charter of the United Nations.","start":3581.75,"end":3596.79,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."},{"key":"distinction-from-other-bases","label":"Distinction From Other Jurisdictional Bases","description":"Several speakers insisted that universal jurisdiction must be clearly distinguished from treaty-based obligations to extradite or prosecute, other forms of extraterritorial jurisdiction, and the jurisdiction of international criminal tribunals. They argued that conflating these concepts creates legal confusion and distorts state practice."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3581.75,"end":3581.91},{"text":"therefore","start":3581.91,"end":3582.27},{"text":"underscore","start":3582.27,"end":3582.71},{"text":"the","start":3582.71,"end":3582.79},{"text":"need","start":3582.79,"end":3583.11},{"text":"for","start":3583.11,"end":3583.27},{"text":"a","start":3583.27,"end":3583.31},{"text":"shared","start":3583.31,"end":3583.75},{"text":"understanding","start":3583.75,"end":3584.55},{"text":"and","start":3584.71,"end":3584.95},{"text":"clear","start":3584.95,"end":3585.35},{"text":"parameters","start":3585.35,"end":3586.15},{"text":"that","start":3586.31,"end":3586.47},{"text":"distinguish","start":3586.47,"end":3587.19},{"text":"a","start":3587.19,"end":3587.23},{"text":"universal","start":3587.23,"end":3587.83},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":3587.83,"end":3588.55},{"text":"from","start":3588.55,"end":3588.87},{"text":"other","start":3588.87,"end":3589.27},{"text":"jurisdictional","start":3589.27,"end":3589.99},{"text":"basis,","start":3589.99,"end":3590.63},{"text":"ensuring","start":3591.03,"end":3591.75},{"text":"that","start":3591.75,"end":3591.91},{"text":"it","start":3591.91,"end":3592.07},{"text":"is","start":3592.07,"end":3592.23},{"text":"exercised","start":3592.23,"end":3592.79},{"text":"strictly","start":3592.79,"end":3593.35},{"text":"in","start":3593.35,"end":3593.51},{"text":"conformity","start":3593.51,"end":3594.39},{"text":"with","start":3594.55,"end":3594.79},{"text":"the","start":3594.79,"end":3594.87},{"text":"Charter","start":3594.87,"end":3595.27},{"text":"of","start":3595.27,"end":3595.51},{"text":"the","start":3595.51,"end":3595.59},{"text":"United","start":3595.59,"end":3595.95},{"text":"Nations.","start":3595.95,"end":3596.79}]},{"text":"Second, ensure legal certainty and safeguards against abuse.","start":3597.83,"end":3602.19,"topics":[{"key":"procedural-safeguards","label":"Procedural Safeguards","description":"Many delegations called for procedural limits to ensure fair and disciplined use of universal jurisdiction. Frequently mentioned safeguards included the presence of the accused in the forum state, due process guarantees, prior consultation with concerned states, high-level prosecutorial review, and protection against duplicative proceedings."}],"words":[{"text":"Second,","start":3597.83,"end":3598.03},{"text":"ensure","start":3598.67,"end":3599.15},{"text":"legal","start":3599.15,"end":3599.47},{"text":"certainty","start":3599.47,"end":3600.03},{"text":"and","start":3600.03,"end":3600.19},{"text":"safeguards","start":3600.19,"end":3600.91},{"text":"against","start":3600.91,"end":3601.47},{"text":"abuse.","start":3601.47,"end":3602.19}]},{"text":"The credibility of this principle depends on legal certainty, due process, and procedural safeguards.","start":3602.71,"end":3609.39,"topics":[{"key":"procedural-safeguards","label":"Procedural Safeguards","description":"Many delegations called for procedural limits to ensure fair and disciplined use of universal jurisdiction. Frequently mentioned safeguards included the presence of the accused in the forum state, due process guarantees, prior consultation with concerned states, high-level prosecutorial review, and protection against duplicative proceedings."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":3602.71,"end":3602.83},{"text":"credibility","start":3602.83,"end":3603.39},{"text":"of","start":3603.39,"end":3603.63},{"text":"this","start":3603.63,"end":3603.79},{"text":"principle","start":3603.79,"end":3604.51},{"text":"depends","start":3604.51,"end":3604.99},{"text":"on","start":3604.99,"end":3605.15},{"text":"legal","start":3605.15,"end":3605.55},{"text":"certainty,","start":3605.55,"end":3606.27},{"text":"due","start":3606.51,"end":3606.75},{"text":"process,","start":3606.75,"end":3607.31},{"text":"and","start":3607.31,"end":3607.63},{"text":"procedural","start":3607.63,"end":3608.35},{"text":"safeguards.","start":3608.35,"end":3609.39}]},{"text":"The goal must be clear to serve justice and not politics.","start":3609.79,"end":3613.95,"topics":[{"key":"politicization-and-selective-use","label":"Politicization and Selective Use","description":"A widely shared concern was that universal jurisdiction can be abused for political, discriminatory, or selective purposes. Delegations warned against using domestic courts to target foreign officials or advance geopolitical agendas under the banner of justice."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":3609.79,"end":3609.95},{"text":"goal","start":3609.95,"end":3610.27},{"text":"must","start":3610.27,"end":3610.51},{"text":"be","start":3610.51,"end":3610.63},{"text":"clear","start":3610.63,"end":3611.23},{"text":"to","start":3611.39,"end":3611.55},{"text":"serve","start":3611.55,"end":3612.03},{"text":"justice","start":3612.03,"end":3612.67},{"text":"and","start":3612.67,"end":3612.83},{"text":"not","start":3612.83,"end":3613.07},{"text":"politics.","start":3613.07,"end":3613.95}]},{"text":"Indonesia supports the effort to define the scope, threshold, and safeguards of universal jurisdiction, including the list of crimes to which it applies, the requirement of the alleged offender's presence, and its relationship with other jurisdictional bases, particularly territorial and nationality principles.","start":3614.43,"end":3633.59,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."},{"key":"procedural-safeguards","label":"Procedural Safeguards","description":"Many delegations called for procedural limits to ensure fair and disciplined use of universal jurisdiction. Frequently mentioned safeguards included the presence of the accused in the forum state, due process guarantees, prior consultation with concerned states, high-level prosecutorial review, and protection against duplicative proceedings."},{"key":"distinction-from-other-bases","label":"Distinction From Other Jurisdictional Bases","description":"Several speakers insisted that universal jurisdiction must be clearly distinguished from treaty-based obligations to extradite or prosecute, other forms of extraterritorial jurisdiction, and the jurisdiction of international criminal tribunals. They argued that conflating these concepts creates legal confusion and distorts state practice."},{"key":"subsidiarity-and-last-resort","label":"Subsidiarity and Last Resort","description":"Numerous speakers argued that universal jurisdiction should be secondary to territorial, nationality-based, or other closer jurisdictional links. In this view, it should be used only when the state with primary jurisdiction is unwilling or unable genuinely to investigate and prosecute."}],"words":[{"text":"Indonesia","start":3614.43,"end":3614.91},{"text":"supports","start":3614.91,"end":3615.43},{"text":"the","start":3615.43,"end":3615.51},{"text":"effort","start":3615.55,"end":3615.99},{"text":"to","start":3615.99,"end":3616.11},{"text":"define","start":3616.11,"end":3616.51},{"text":"the","start":3616.51,"end":3616.59},{"text":"scope,","start":3616.59,"end":3617.07},{"text":"threshold,","start":3617.47,"end":3618.11},{"text":"and","start":3618.11,"end":3618.27},{"text":"safeguards","start":3618.27,"end":3619.15},{"text":"of","start":3619.15,"end":3619.31},{"text":"universal","start":3619.31,"end":3619.87},{"text":"jurisdiction,","start":3619.87,"end":3620.67},{"text":"including","start":3620.91,"end":3621.51},{"text":"the","start":3621.51,"end":3621.59},{"text":"list","start":3621.59,"end":3621.83},{"text":"of","start":3621.83,"end":3621.95},{"text":"crimes","start":3621.95,"end":3622.43},{"text":"to","start":3622.43,"end":3622.51},{"text":"which","start":3622.51,"end":3622.83},{"text":"it","start":3622.83,"end":3622.91},{"text":"applies,","start":3622.91,"end":3623.55},{"text":"the","start":3624.27,"end":3624.39},{"text":"requirement","start":3624.39,"end":3625.07},{"text":"of","start":3625.07,"end":3625.19},{"text":"the","start":3625.19,"end":3625.27},{"text":"alleged","start":3625.27,"end":3625.71},{"text":"offender's","start":3625.71,"end":3626.27},{"text":"presence,","start":3626.27,"end":3626.99},{"text":"and","start":3627.35,"end":3627.51},{"text":"its","start":3627.51,"end":3627.75},{"text":"relationship","start":3627.75,"end":3628.47},{"text":"with","start":3628.47,"end":3628.63},{"text":"other","start":3628.71,"end":3629.03},{"text":"jurisdictional","start":3629.03,"end":3629.67},{"text":"bases,","start":3629.67,"end":3630.31},{"text":"particularly","start":3630.47,"end":3631.19},{"text":"territorial","start":3631.19,"end":3631.83},{"text":"and","start":3631.83,"end":3631.99},{"text":"nationality","start":3631.99,"end":3632.71},{"text":"principles.","start":3632.71,"end":3633.59}]},{"text":"In this regard, we note that most states adopt a treaty-based approach in exercising universal jurisdiction.","start":3634.39,"end":3641.03,"topics":[{"key":"distinction-from-other-bases","label":"Distinction From Other Jurisdictional Bases","description":"Several speakers insisted that universal jurisdiction must be clearly distinguished from treaty-based obligations to extradite or prosecute, other forms of extraterritorial jurisdiction, and the jurisdiction of international criminal tribunals. They argued that conflating these concepts creates legal confusion and distorts state practice."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":3634.39,"end":3634.47},{"text":"this","start":3634.47,"end":3634.71},{"text":"regard,","start":3634.71,"end":3635.19},{"text":"we","start":3635.19,"end":3635.27},{"text":"note","start":3635.27,"end":3635.67},{"text":"that","start":3635.67,"end":3635.91},{"text":"most","start":3635.91,"end":3636.35},{"text":"states","start":3636.35,"end":3636.95},{"text":"adopt","start":3637.03,"end":3637.47},{"text":"a","start":3637.47,"end":3637.51},{"text":"treaty-based","start":3637.51,"end":3638.19},{"text":"approach","start":3638.19,"end":3638.59},{"text":"in","start":3638.59,"end":3638.75},{"text":"exercising","start":3638.75,"end":3639.43},{"text":"universal","start":3639.43,"end":3640.15},{"text":"jurisdiction.","start":3640.15,"end":3641.03}]},{"text":"In our case, the new Criminal Code of Indonesia, Law Number One of 2023, reflects this balanced approach by extending jurisdiction only where required under international treaties ratified by Indonesia.","start":3641.51,"end":3654.79,"topics":[{"key":"distinction-from-other-bases","label":"Distinction From Other Jurisdictional Bases","description":"Several speakers insisted that universal jurisdiction must be clearly distinguished from treaty-based obligations to extradite or prosecute, other forms of extraterritorial jurisdiction, and the jurisdiction of international criminal tribunals. They argued that conflating these concepts creates legal confusion and distorts state practice."},{"key":"subsidiarity-and-last-resort","label":"Subsidiarity and Last Resort","description":"Numerous speakers argued that universal jurisdiction should be secondary to territorial, nationality-based, or other closer jurisdictional links. In this view, it should be used only when the state with primary jurisdiction is unwilling or unable genuinely to investigate and prosecute."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":3641.51,"end":3641.75},{"text":"our","start":3641.75,"end":3641.91},{"text":"case,","start":3641.91,"end":3642.39},{"text":"the","start":3642.55,"end":3642.71},{"text":"new","start":3642.71,"end":3642.95},{"text":"Criminal","start":3642.95,"end":3643.43},{"text":"Code","start":3643.43,"end":3643.63},{"text":"of","start":3643.63,"end":3643.71},{"text":"Indonesia,","start":3643.71,"end":3644.39},{"text":"Law","start":3644.71,"end":3644.95},{"text":"Number","start":3644.95,"end":3645.27},{"text":"One","start":3645.27,"end":3645.59},{"text":"of","start":3645.59,"end":3645.71},{"text":"2023,","start":3645.71,"end":3646.95},{"text":"reflects","start":3647.03,"end":3647.63},{"text":"this","start":3647.63,"end":3647.83},{"text":"balanced","start":3647.83,"end":3648.27},{"text":"approach","start":3648.27,"end":3648.71},{"text":"by","start":3648.71,"end":3648.87},{"text":"extending","start":3648.87,"end":3649.59},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":3649.59,"end":3650.39},{"text":"only","start":3650.63,"end":3650.91},{"text":"where","start":3650.91,"end":3651.11},{"text":"required","start":3651.11,"end":3651.75},{"text":"under","start":3651.75,"end":3652.07},{"text":"international","start":3652.07,"end":3652.79},{"text":"treaties","start":3652.79,"end":3653.23},{"text":"ratified","start":3653.23,"end":3653.83},{"text":"by","start":3653.83,"end":3654.15},{"text":"Indonesia.","start":3654.15,"end":3654.79}]},{"text":"This demonstrates our commitment to the fight against impunity while maintaining coherence with our constitutional principles and legal traditions.","start":3655.67,"end":3664.39,"topics":[{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":3655.67,"end":3655.79},{"text":"demonstrates","start":3655.79,"end":3656.47},{"text":"our","start":3656.47,"end":3656.71},{"text":"commitment","start":3656.71,"end":3657.31},{"text":"to","start":3657.31,"end":3657.43},{"text":"the","start":3657.43,"end":3657.51},{"text":"fight","start":3657.51,"end":3657.87},{"text":"against","start":3657.87,"end":3658.31},{"text":"impunity","start":3658.31,"end":3659.11},{"text":"while","start":3659.23,"end":3659.51},{"text":"maintaining","start":3659.51,"end":3660.07},{"text":"coherence","start":3660.07,"end":3660.79},{"text":"with","start":3660.79,"end":3660.95},{"text":"our","start":3660.95,"end":3661.27},{"text":"constitutional","start":3661.27,"end":3662.15},{"text":"principles","start":3662.15,"end":3662.87},{"text":"and","start":3662.87,"end":3663.03},{"text":"legal","start":3663.03,"end":3663.51},{"text":"traditions.","start":3663.51,"end":3664.39}]},{"text":"Third, strengthen national jurisdiction and international cooperation.","start":3665.75,"end":3669.99,"topics":[{"key":"cooperation-and-national-capacity","label":"International Cooperation and National Capacity","description":"A recurring topic was the need to strengthen domestic justice systems and expand cooperation through extradition, mutual legal assistance, and judicial coordination. Delegations argued that stronger national capacity and better interstate cooperation are essential both to combat impunity and to reduce overreliance on universal jurisdiction."}],"words":[{"text":"Third,","start":3665.75,"end":3666.15},{"text":"strengthen","start":3666.15,"end":3666.83},{"text":"national","start":3666.83,"end":3667.27},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":3667.27,"end":3668.07},{"text":"and","start":3668.07,"end":3668.31},{"text":"international","start":3668.31,"end":3669.11},{"text":"cooperation.","start":3669.11,"end":3669.99}]},{"text":"Indonesia firmly believes that strong national jurisdictions and genuine international cooperation remain the most effective means to end impunity.","start":3671.03,"end":3679.67,"topics":[{"key":"cooperation-and-national-capacity","label":"International Cooperation and National Capacity","description":"A recurring topic was the need to strengthen domestic justice systems and expand cooperation through extradition, mutual legal assistance, and judicial coordination. Delegations argued that stronger national capacity and better interstate cooperation are essential both to combat impunity and to reduce overreliance on universal jurisdiction."},{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."}],"words":[{"text":"Indonesia","start":3671.03,"end":3671.59},{"text":"firmly","start":3671.59,"end":3671.95},{"text":"believes","start":3671.95,"end":3672.39},{"text":"that","start":3672.39,"end":3672.55},{"text":"strong","start":3672.55,"end":3672.87},{"text":"national","start":3672.87,"end":3673.35},{"text":"jurisdictions","start":3673.35,"end":3674.15},{"text":"and","start":3674.15,"end":3674.35},{"text":"genuine","start":3674.35,"end":3674.79},{"text":"international","start":3674.79,"end":3675.51},{"text":"cooperation","start":3675.51,"end":3676.39},{"text":"remain","start":3676.55,"end":3676.91},{"text":"the","start":3676.91,"end":3676.99},{"text":"most","start":3676.99,"end":3677.27},{"text":"effective","start":3677.27,"end":3677.83},{"text":"means","start":3677.83,"end":3678.23},{"text":"to","start":3678.23,"end":3678.55},{"text":"end","start":3678.63,"end":3678.95},{"text":"impunity.","start":3678.95,"end":3679.67}]},{"text":"Universal jurisdiction should serve not as a substitute for national justice system, but as its safety net instead, a complementary and not a competing one.","start":3680.39,"end":3689.87,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiarity-and-last-resort","label":"Subsidiarity and Last Resort","description":"Numerous speakers argued that universal jurisdiction should be secondary to territorial, nationality-based, or other closer jurisdictional links. In this view, it should be used only when the state with primary jurisdiction is unwilling or unable genuinely to investigate and prosecute."}],"words":[{"text":"Universal","start":3680.39,"end":3680.83},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":3680.83,"end":3681.47},{"text":"should","start":3681.47,"end":3681.67},{"text":"serve","start":3681.67,"end":3682.19},{"text":"not","start":3682.19,"end":3682.43},{"text":"as","start":3682.43,"end":3682.51},{"text":"a","start":3682.51,"end":3682.59},{"text":"substitute","start":3682.59,"end":3683.23},{"text":"for","start":3683.23,"end":3683.71},{"text":"national","start":3683.71,"end":3684.19},{"text":"justice","start":3684.19,"end":3684.59},{"text":"system,","start":3684.59,"end":3685.07},{"text":"but","start":3685.31,"end":3685.55},{"text":"as","start":3685.55,"end":3685.87},{"text":"its","start":3685.87,"end":3686.15},{"text":"safety","start":3686.15,"end":3686.55},{"text":"net","start":3686.55,"end":3686.83},{"text":"instead,","start":3686.83,"end":3687.39},{"text":"a","start":3687.71,"end":3687.79},{"text":"complementary","start":3687.79,"end":3688.59},{"text":"and","start":3688.59,"end":3688.79},{"text":"not","start":3688.79,"end":3689.07},{"text":"a","start":3689.07,"end":3689.11},{"text":"competing","start":3689.11,"end":3689.55},{"text":"one.","start":3689.55,"end":3689.87}]},{"text":"The focus therefore must be on capacity building, mutual legal assistance and extradition frameworks that empower states to prosecute international crimes effectively at home.","start":3690.67,"end":3700.83,"topics":[{"key":"cooperation-and-national-capacity","label":"International Cooperation and National Capacity","description":"A recurring topic was the need to strengthen domestic justice systems and expand cooperation through extradition, mutual legal assistance, and judicial coordination. Delegations argued that stronger national capacity and better interstate cooperation are essential both to combat impunity and to reduce overreliance on universal jurisdiction."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":3690.67,"end":3690.83},{"text":"focus","start":3690.83,"end":3691.27},{"text":"therefore","start":3691.27,"end":3691.71},{"text":"must","start":3691.71,"end":3691.99},{"text":"be","start":3691.99,"end":3692.07},{"text":"on","start":3692.07,"end":3692.19},{"text":"capacity","start":3692.19,"end":3692.75},{"text":"building,","start":3692.75,"end":3693.31},{"text":"mutual","start":3693.55,"end":3694.07},{"text":"legal","start":3694.07,"end":3694.27},{"text":"assistance","start":3694.27,"end":3694.95},{"text":"and","start":3694.95,"end":3695.11},{"text":"extradition","start":3695.11,"end":3695.79},{"text":"frameworks","start":3695.79,"end":3696.35},{"text":"that","start":3696.35,"end":3696.55},{"text":"empower","start":3696.55,"end":3696.99},{"text":"states","start":3696.99,"end":3697.39},{"text":"to","start":3697.39,"end":3697.47},{"text":"prosecute","start":3697.47,"end":3698.07},{"text":"international","start":3698.07,"end":3698.67},{"text":"crimes","start":3698.67,"end":3699.23},{"text":"effectively","start":3699.39,"end":3700.19},{"text":"at","start":3700.19,"end":3700.43},{"text":"home.","start":3700.43,"end":3700.83}]},{"text":"Indonesia supports the continuation of discussions within this committee and the possible technical study by the ILC to elaborate guiding principles and safeguards that promote consistency, prevent abuse, and uphold sovereignty.","start":3702.57,"end":3717.09,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."},{"key":"procedural-safeguards","label":"Procedural Safeguards","description":"Many delegations called for procedural limits to ensure fair and disciplined use of universal jurisdiction. Frequently mentioned safeguards included the presence of the accused in the forum state, due process guarantees, prior consultation with concerned states, high-level prosecutorial review, and protection against duplicative proceedings."},{"key":"sovereignty-and-immunities","label":"Sovereignty and Immunities","description":"Many statements emphasized that the exercise of universal jurisdiction must respect sovereign equality, non-interference, territorial integrity, and the immunities of state officials under international law. Several delegations warned that ignoring these principles would damage interstate relations and the legitimacy of the legal system."},{"key":"politicization-and-selective-use","label":"Politicization and Selective Use","description":"A widely shared concern was that universal jurisdiction can be abused for political, discriminatory, or selective purposes. Delegations warned against using domestic courts to target foreign officials or advance geopolitical agendas under the banner of justice."}],"words":[{"text":"Indonesia","start":3702.57,"end":3703.33},{"text":"supports","start":3703.33,"end":3703.97},{"text":"the","start":3703.97,"end":3704.09},{"text":"continuation","start":3704.09,"end":3704.93},{"text":"of","start":3704.93,"end":3705.09},{"text":"discussions","start":3705.09,"end":3705.81},{"text":"within","start":3705.81,"end":3706.09},{"text":"this","start":3706.09,"end":3706.29},{"text":"committee","start":3706.29,"end":3706.85},{"text":"and","start":3707.09,"end":3707.29},{"text":"the","start":3707.29,"end":3707.41},{"text":"possible","start":3707.41,"end":3707.89},{"text":"technical","start":3707.89,"end":3708.37},{"text":"study","start":3708.37,"end":3708.69},{"text":"by","start":3708.69,"end":3708.85},{"text":"the","start":3708.89,"end":3708.97},{"text":"ILC","start":3708.97,"end":3709.49},{"text":"to","start":3709.49,"end":3709.61},{"text":"elaborate","start":3709.61,"end":3710.37},{"text":"guiding","start":3710.61,"end":3710.93},{"text":"principles","start":3710.93,"end":3711.73},{"text":"and","start":3711.73,"end":3711.93},{"text":"safeguards","start":3711.93,"end":3712.61},{"text":"that","start":3712.61,"end":3712.77},{"text":"promote","start":3712.77,"end":3713.21},{"text":"consistency,","start":3713.21,"end":3714.05},{"text":"prevent","start":3714.37,"end":3714.85},{"text":"abuse,","start":3714.85,"end":3715.41},{"text":"and","start":3715.65,"end":3715.89},{"text":"uphold","start":3715.89,"end":3716.29},{"text":"sovereignty.","start":3716.29,"end":3717.09}]},{"text":"Justice must not be pursued through competition of jurisdictions, but through cooperation grounded in fairness, equality, and mutual respect.","start":3717.57,"end":3726.25,"topics":[{"key":"cooperation-and-national-capacity","label":"International Cooperation and National Capacity","description":"A recurring topic was the need to strengthen domestic justice systems and expand cooperation through extradition, mutual legal assistance, and judicial coordination. Delegations argued that stronger national capacity and better interstate cooperation are essential both to combat impunity and to reduce overreliance on universal jurisdiction."}],"words":[{"text":"Justice","start":3717.57,"end":3718.05},{"text":"must","start":3718.05,"end":3718.53},{"text":"not","start":3718.53,"end":3718.77},{"text":"be","start":3718.77,"end":3718.85},{"text":"pursued","start":3718.85,"end":3719.33},{"text":"through","start":3719.33,"end":3719.49},{"text":"competition","start":3719.49,"end":3720.37},{"text":"of","start":3720.45,"end":3720.69},{"text":"jurisdictions,","start":3720.69,"end":3721.65},{"text":"but","start":3721.81,"end":3722.09},{"text":"through","start":3722.09,"end":3722.25},{"text":"cooperation","start":3722.25,"end":3723.01},{"text":"grounded","start":3723.01,"end":3723.41},{"text":"in","start":3723.41,"end":3723.57},{"text":"fairness,","start":3723.57,"end":3724.21},{"text":"equality,","start":3724.29,"end":3724.93},{"text":"and","start":3724.93,"end":3725.05},{"text":"mutual","start":3725.05,"end":3725.65},{"text":"respect.","start":3725.65,"end":3726.25}]},{"text":"In the end, the strength of this universal jurisdiction lies not in its reach, but in its responsibility.","start":3726.61,"end":3732.13,"topics":[{"key":"procedural-safeguards","label":"Procedural Safeguards","description":"Many delegations called for procedural limits to ensure fair and disciplined use of universal jurisdiction. Frequently mentioned safeguards included the presence of the accused in the forum state, due process guarantees, prior consultation with concerned states, high-level prosecutorial review, and protection against duplicative proceedings."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":3726.61,"end":3726.81},{"text":"the","start":3726.81,"end":3726.89},{"text":"end,","start":3726.93,"end":3727.09},{"text":"the","start":3727.09,"end":3727.17},{"text":"strength","start":3727.17,"end":3727.57},{"text":"of","start":3727.57,"end":3727.73},{"text":"this","start":3727.81,"end":3728.05},{"text":"universal","start":3728.05,"end":3728.53},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":3728.53,"end":3729.09},{"text":"lies","start":3729.09,"end":3729.41},{"text":"not","start":3729.41,"end":3729.81},{"text":"in","start":3729.81,"end":3729.97},{"text":"its","start":3729.97,"end":3730.21},{"text":"reach,","start":3730.21,"end":3730.53},{"text":"but","start":3730.69,"end":3730.89},{"text":"in","start":3730.89,"end":3731.01},{"text":"its","start":3731.01,"end":3731.17},{"text":"responsibility.","start":3731.17,"end":3732.13}]},{"text":"I thank you, Mr. Chair.","start":3732.37,"end":3733.49,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":3732.37,"end":3732.53},{"text":"thank","start":3732.53,"end":3732.77},{"text":"you,","start":3732.77,"end":3732.85},{"text":"Mr.","start":3732.85,"end":3733.13},{"text":"Chair.","start":3733.13,"end":3733.49}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"IDN","affiliation_full":"Indonesia","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":29,"start":3735.25,"pageUrl":"/en/ga/c6/80/23?t=3736","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank you too.","start":3735.25,"end":3736.21,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":3735.25,"end":3735.41},{"text":"thank","start":3735.41,"end":3735.61},{"text":"you","start":3735.61,"end":3735.73},{"text":"too.","start":3735.73,"end":3736.21}]},{"text":"And I'm now calling on the representative of the United States.","start":3736.21,"end":3739.57,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":3736.21,"end":3736.65},{"text":"I'm","start":3736.65,"end":3736.85},{"text":"now","start":3736.85,"end":3737.17},{"text":"calling","start":3737.17,"end":3737.53},{"text":"on","start":3737.53,"end":3737.65},{"text":"the","start":3737.65,"end":3737.73},{"text":"representative","start":3737.73,"end":3738.45},{"text":"of","start":3738.45,"end":3738.53},{"text":"the","start":3738.61,"end":3738.69},{"text":"United","start":3738.69,"end":3739.09},{"text":"States.","start":3739.09,"end":3739.57}]},{"text":"You have the floor.","start":3739.81,"end":3740.45,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"You","start":3739.81,"end":3739.89},{"text":"have","start":3739.89,"end":3740.05},{"text":"the","start":3740.05,"end":3740.13},{"text":"floor.","start":3740.13,"end":3740.45}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"6th Committee","affiliation_full":"6th Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":30,"start":3741.85,"pageUrl":"/en/ga/c6/80/23?t=3742","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Chair. The United States appreciates the six committees continued interest in this agenda item.","start":3741.85,"end":3748.05,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":3741.85,"end":3742.05},{"text":"you,","start":3742.05,"end":3742.17},{"text":"Chair.","start":3742.17,"end":3742.69},{"text":"The","start":3743.37,"end":3743.41},{"text":"United","start":3743.41,"end":3743.81},{"text":"States","start":3743.81,"end":3744.21},{"text":"appreciates","start":3744.21,"end":3745.01},{"text":"the","start":3745.01,"end":3745.09},{"text":"six","start":3745.09,"end":3745.41},{"text":"committees","start":3745.41,"end":3745.81},{"text":"continued","start":3745.81,"end":3746.33},{"text":"interest","start":3746.33,"end":3746.81},{"text":"in","start":3746.81,"end":3746.93},{"text":"this","start":3746.93,"end":3747.09},{"text":"agenda","start":3747.09,"end":3747.57},{"text":"item.","start":3747.57,"end":3748.05}]},{"text":"We thank the Secretary General for his reports, including his most recent report, which have usefully summarized the submissions made by states on this topic.","start":3748.69,"end":3757.09,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3748.69,"end":3748.85},{"text":"thank","start":3748.85,"end":3749.17},{"text":"the","start":3749.17,"end":3749.25},{"text":"Secretary","start":3749.25,"end":3749.73},{"text":"General","start":3749.73,"end":3750.13},{"text":"for","start":3750.13,"end":3750.29},{"text":"his","start":3750.29,"end":3750.45},{"text":"reports,","start":3750.45,"end":3751.17},{"text":"including","start":3751.17,"end":3751.61},{"text":"his","start":3751.61,"end":3751.81},{"text":"most","start":3751.81,"end":3752.05},{"text":"recent","start":3752.05,"end":3752.45},{"text":"report,","start":3752.45,"end":3752.93},{"text":"which","start":3753.21,"end":3753.41},{"text":"have","start":3753.41,"end":3753.57},{"text":"usefully","start":3753.57,"end":3754.13},{"text":"summarized","start":3754.13,"end":3754.77},{"text":"the","start":3754.77,"end":3754.85},{"text":"submissions","start":3754.85,"end":3755.49},{"text":"made","start":3755.49,"end":3755.69},{"text":"by","start":3755.69,"end":3755.81},{"text":"states","start":3755.81,"end":3756.29},{"text":"on","start":3756.29,"end":3756.37},{"text":"this","start":3756.37,"end":3756.53},{"text":"topic.","start":3756.53,"end":3757.09}]},{"text":"Over the years, the committee has engaged in thoughtful discussions on universal jurisdiction, including on the concept's definition, scope, and application.","start":3758.13,"end":3767.09,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"Over","start":3758.13,"end":3758.37},{"text":"the","start":3758.37,"end":3758.49},{"text":"years,","start":3758.49,"end":3758.93},{"text":"the","start":3758.93,"end":3759.09},{"text":"committee","start":3759.09,"end":3759.41},{"text":"has","start":3759.41,"end":3759.57},{"text":"engaged","start":3759.57,"end":3759.97},{"text":"in","start":3759.97,"end":3760.13},{"text":"thoughtful","start":3760.13,"end":3760.57},{"text":"discussions","start":3760.57,"end":3761.25},{"text":"on","start":3761.25,"end":3761.37},{"text":"universal","start":3761.37,"end":3761.89},{"text":"jurisdiction,","start":3761.89,"end":3762.77},{"text":"including","start":3763.33,"end":3763.81},{"text":"on","start":3763.81,"end":3763.89},{"text":"the","start":3763.89,"end":3763.97},{"text":"concept's","start":3763.97,"end":3764.61},{"text":"definition,","start":3764.61,"end":3765.25},{"text":"scope,","start":3765.33,"end":3765.89},{"text":"and","start":3766.05,"end":3766.21},{"text":"application.","start":3766.21,"end":3767.09}]},{"text":"The view of the United States continues to be that basic questions remain about how jurisdiction should be exercised in relation to universal crimes, and that it is crucial to take into account states' views and practices.","start":3768.17,"end":3781.01,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":3768.17,"end":3768.21},{"text":"view","start":3768.21,"end":3768.49},{"text":"of","start":3768.49,"end":3768.57},{"text":"the","start":3768.57,"end":3768.65},{"text":"United","start":3768.65,"end":3769.01},{"text":"States","start":3769.01,"end":3769.41},{"text":"continues","start":3769.41,"end":3769.97},{"text":"to","start":3769.97,"end":3770.13},{"text":"be","start":3770.13,"end":3770.53},{"text":"that","start":3770.53,"end":3770.73},{"text":"basic","start":3770.73,"end":3771.21},{"text":"questions","start":3771.21,"end":3771.89},{"text":"remain","start":3771.89,"end":3772.33},{"text":"about","start":3772.33,"end":3772.61},{"text":"how","start":3772.61,"end":3773.01},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":3773.01,"end":3773.73},{"text":"should","start":3773.73,"end":3773.85},{"text":"be","start":3773.85,"end":3773.97},{"text":"exercised","start":3773.97,"end":3774.77},{"text":"in","start":3774.77,"end":3774.93},{"text":"relation","start":3774.93,"end":3775.41},{"text":"to","start":3775.41,"end":3775.53},{"text":"universal","start":3775.53,"end":3776.05},{"text":"crimes,","start":3776.05,"end":3776.77},{"text":"and","start":3777.17,"end":3777.33},{"text":"that","start":3777.33,"end":3777.49},{"text":"it","start":3777.49,"end":3777.57},{"text":"is","start":3777.57,"end":3777.73},{"text":"crucial","start":3777.73,"end":3778.21},{"text":"to","start":3778.21,"end":3778.41},{"text":"take","start":3778.41,"end":3778.53},{"text":"into","start":3778.53,"end":3778.81},{"text":"account","start":3778.81,"end":3779.17},{"text":"states'","start":3779.17,"end":3779.65},{"text":"views","start":3779.65,"end":3780.05},{"text":"and","start":3780.05,"end":3780.21},{"text":"practices.","start":3780.21,"end":3781.01}]},{"text":"These considerations are particularly salient given the importance of this issue and its long history as part of international law relating to piracy.","start":3782.13,"end":3790.77,"topics":[{"key":"distinction-from-other-bases","label":"Distinction From Other Jurisdictional Bases","description":"Several speakers insisted that universal jurisdiction must be clearly distinguished from treaty-based obligations to extradite or prosecute, other forms of extraterritorial jurisdiction, and the jurisdiction of international criminal tribunals. They argued that conflating these concepts creates legal confusion and distorts state practice."}],"words":[{"text":"These","start":3782.13,"end":3782.37},{"text":"considerations","start":3782.37,"end":3783.09},{"text":"are","start":3783.09,"end":3783.17},{"text":"particularly","start":3783.17,"end":3783.97},{"text":"salient","start":3783.97,"end":3784.53},{"text":"given","start":3784.53,"end":3784.81},{"text":"the","start":3784.81,"end":3784.89},{"text":"importance","start":3784.89,"end":3785.45},{"text":"of","start":3785.45,"end":3785.57},{"text":"this","start":3785.57,"end":3785.73},{"text":"issue","start":3785.73,"end":3786.21},{"text":"and","start":3786.21,"end":3786.41},{"text":"its","start":3786.41,"end":3786.53},{"text":"long","start":3786.53,"end":3786.93},{"text":"history","start":3786.93,"end":3787.33},{"text":"as","start":3787.33,"end":3787.49},{"text":"part","start":3787.49,"end":3787.69},{"text":"of","start":3787.69,"end":3787.81},{"text":"international","start":3787.81,"end":3788.53},{"text":"law","start":3788.53,"end":3788.69},{"text":"relating","start":3788.69,"end":3789.09},{"text":"to","start":3789.09,"end":3789.97},{"text":"piracy.","start":3790.05,"end":3790.77}]},{"text":"We remain interested in further exploring issues related to the practical application of your universal jurisdiction.","start":3792.49,"end":3798.81,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3792.49,"end":3792.65},{"text":"remain","start":3792.65,"end":3793.05},{"text":"interested","start":3793.05,"end":3793.49},{"text":"in","start":3793.49,"end":3793.61},{"text":"further","start":3793.61,"end":3793.97},{"text":"exploring","start":3793.97,"end":3794.57},{"text":"issues","start":3794.57,"end":3795.05},{"text":"related","start":3795.05,"end":3795.53},{"text":"to","start":3795.53,"end":3795.69},{"text":"the","start":3795.69,"end":3795.77},{"text":"practical","start":3795.77,"end":3796.33},{"text":"application","start":3796.33,"end":3797.01},{"text":"of","start":3797.01,"end":3797.09},{"text":"your","start":3797.09,"end":3797.29},{"text":"universal","start":3797.29,"end":3797.93},{"text":"jurisdiction.","start":3797.93,"end":3798.81}]},{"text":"In that regard, we note the usefulness of submissions made by states to date and the Secretary General's reports in helping us to identify differences of opinion among states as well as points of consensus on this issue.","start":3799.69,"end":3813.53,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":3799.69,"end":3799.81},{"text":"that","start":3799.81,"end":3800.09},{"text":"regard,","start":3800.09,"end":3800.73},{"text":"we","start":3800.73,"end":3800.89},{"text":"note","start":3800.89,"end":3801.21},{"text":"the","start":3801.21,"end":3801.29},{"text":"usefulness","start":3801.29,"end":3802.17},{"text":"of","start":3802.17,"end":3802.25},{"text":"submissions","start":3802.25,"end":3802.89},{"text":"made","start":3802.89,"end":3803.21},{"text":"by","start":3803.21,"end":3803.37},{"text":"states","start":3803.37,"end":3803.77},{"text":"to","start":3803.77,"end":3803.93},{"text":"date","start":3803.93,"end":3804.29},{"text":"and","start":3804.65,"end":3804.89},{"text":"the","start":3804.89,"end":3804.97},{"text":"Secretary","start":3804.97,"end":3805.45},{"text":"General's","start":3805.45,"end":3805.93},{"text":"reports","start":3805.93,"end":3806.57},{"text":"in","start":3806.89,"end":3807.05},{"text":"helping","start":3807.05,"end":3807.45},{"text":"us","start":3807.45,"end":3807.61},{"text":"to","start":3807.61,"end":3807.73},{"text":"identify","start":3807.73,"end":3808.33},{"text":"differences","start":3808.33,"end":3808.97},{"text":"of","start":3808.97,"end":3809.05},{"text":"opinion","start":3809.05,"end":3809.53},{"text":"among","start":3809.53,"end":3809.85},{"text":"states","start":3809.85,"end":3810.49},{"text":"as","start":3810.81,"end":3811.01},{"text":"well","start":3811.01,"end":3811.21},{"text":"as","start":3811.21,"end":3811.29},{"text":"points","start":3811.29,"end":3811.77},{"text":"of","start":3811.77,"end":3811.85},{"text":"consensus","start":3811.85,"end":3812.73},{"text":"on","start":3812.73,"end":3812.93},{"text":"this","start":3812.93,"end":3813.13},{"text":"issue.","start":3813.13,"end":3813.53}]},{"text":"The United States will continue to analyze the contributions of other states and organizations And we look forward to reviewing further input, exploring these issues in as practical a matter as possible, including through the working group that this committee decided last year to convene at the 81st session.","start":3814.57,"end":3832.45,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":3814.57,"end":3814.69},{"text":"United","start":3814.69,"end":3815.05},{"text":"States","start":3815.05,"end":3815.29},{"text":"will","start":3815.29,"end":3815.41},{"text":"continue","start":3815.41,"end":3815.85},{"text":"to","start":3815.85,"end":3816.01},{"text":"analyze","start":3816.01,"end":3816.49},{"text":"the","start":3816.49,"end":3816.61},{"text":"contributions","start":3816.61,"end":3817.29},{"text":"of","start":3817.29,"end":3817.37},{"text":"other","start":3817.37,"end":3817.65},{"text":"states","start":3817.65,"end":3817.97},{"text":"and","start":3817.97,"end":3818.09},{"text":"organizations","start":3818.09,"end":3819.13},{"text":"And","start":3819.53,"end":3819.65},{"text":"we","start":3819.65,"end":3819.81},{"text":"look","start":3819.81,"end":3819.97},{"text":"forward","start":3819.97,"end":3820.37},{"text":"to","start":3820.37,"end":3820.45},{"text":"reviewing","start":3820.45,"end":3821.01},{"text":"further","start":3821.01,"end":3821.41},{"text":"input,","start":3821.41,"end":3821.97},{"text":"exploring","start":3822.29,"end":3822.93},{"text":"these","start":3822.93,"end":3823.17},{"text":"issues","start":3823.17,"end":3823.65},{"text":"in","start":3823.65,"end":3823.85},{"text":"as","start":3823.85,"end":3823.97},{"text":"practical","start":3823.97,"end":3824.77},{"text":"a","start":3824.85,"end":3824.93},{"text":"matter","start":3824.93,"end":3825.73},{"text":"as","start":3825.73,"end":3825.89},{"text":"possible,","start":3825.89,"end":3826.53},{"text":"including","start":3827.09,"end":3827.57},{"text":"through","start":3827.57,"end":3827.73},{"text":"the","start":3827.73,"end":3827.89},{"text":"working","start":3827.89,"end":3828.21},{"text":"group","start":3828.21,"end":3828.53},{"text":"that","start":3828.53,"end":3828.73},{"text":"this","start":3828.73,"end":3829.01},{"text":"committee","start":3829.01,"end":3829.33},{"text":"decided","start":3829.33,"end":3829.89},{"text":"last","start":3829.89,"end":3830.25},{"text":"year","start":3830.25,"end":3830.45},{"text":"to","start":3830.45,"end":3830.53},{"text":"convene","start":3830.53,"end":3831.01},{"text":"at","start":3831.01,"end":3831.09},{"text":"the","start":3831.09,"end":3831.25},{"text":"81st","start":3831.25,"end":3831.85},{"text":"session.","start":3831.85,"end":3832.45}]},{"text":"Thank you, Chair.","start":3832.69,"end":3833.49,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":3832.69,"end":3832.97},{"text":"you,","start":3832.97,"end":3833.09},{"text":"Chair.","start":3833.09,"end":3833.49}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"USA","affiliation_full":"United States of America","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":31,"start":3835.57,"pageUrl":"/en/ga/c6/80/23?t=3836","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank you too.","start":3835.57,"end":3836.69,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":3835.57,"end":3835.73},{"text":"thank","start":3835.73,"end":3836.05},{"text":"you","start":3836.05,"end":3836.13},{"text":"too.","start":3836.13,"end":3836.69}]},{"text":"And I'm now turning to the representative of China.","start":3836.77,"end":3840.13,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":3836.77,"end":3836.93},{"text":"I'm","start":3836.93,"end":3837.17},{"text":"now","start":3837.17,"end":3837.41},{"text":"turning","start":3837.41,"end":3838.05},{"text":"to","start":3838.21,"end":3838.41},{"text":"the","start":3838.41,"end":3838.49},{"text":"representative","start":3838.49,"end":3839.41},{"text":"of","start":3839.41,"end":3839.57},{"text":"China.","start":3839.57,"end":3840.13}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"6th Committee","affiliation_full":"6th Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":32,"start":3845.25,"pageUrl":"/en/ga/c6/80/23?t=3846","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Chair.","start":3845.25,"end":3845.89,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":3845.25,"end":3845.41},{"text":"you,","start":3845.41,"end":3845.49},{"text":"Chair.","start":3845.49,"end":3845.89}]},{"text":"Universal jurisdiction is a multifaceted issue with legal, political, and diplomatic dimensions.","start":3847.61,"end":3853.61,"topics":[{"key":"politicization-and-selective-use","label":"Politicization and Selective Use","description":"A widely shared concern was that universal jurisdiction can be abused for political, discriminatory, or selective purposes. Delegations warned against using domestic courts to target foreign officials or advance geopolitical agendas under the banner of justice."}],"words":[{"text":"Universal","start":3847.61,"end":3848.09},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":3848.09,"end":3848.89},{"text":"is","start":3848.97,"end":3849.21},{"text":"a","start":3849.21,"end":3849.29},{"text":"multifaceted","start":3849.29,"end":3850.17},{"text":"issue","start":3850.17,"end":3850.65},{"text":"with","start":3850.65,"end":3850.89},{"text":"legal,","start":3850.89,"end":3851.37},{"text":"political,","start":3851.37,"end":3851.85},{"text":"and","start":3851.85,"end":3852.05},{"text":"diplomatic","start":3852.05,"end":3852.89},{"text":"dimensions.","start":3852.93,"end":3853.61}]},{"text":"China took note of the observations by some states under this agenda item, as well as the Secretary-General's report on national legal rules and the judicial practice of relevant states, which lays a good foundation for further in-depth discussion of the topic.","start":3855.05,"end":3871.13,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"China","start":3855.05,"end":3855.37},{"text":"took","start":3855.37,"end":3855.61},{"text":"note","start":3855.61,"end":3855.85},{"text":"of","start":3855.85,"end":3856.01},{"text":"the","start":3856.01,"end":3856.29},{"text":"observations","start":3856.29,"end":3856.97},{"text":"by","start":3857.05,"end":3857.21},{"text":"some","start":3857.21,"end":3857.45},{"text":"states","start":3857.45,"end":3857.85},{"text":"under","start":3858.01,"end":3858.25},{"text":"this","start":3858.25,"end":3858.49},{"text":"agenda","start":3858.49,"end":3858.81},{"text":"item,","start":3858.81,"end":3859.29},{"text":"as","start":3859.93,"end":3860.09},{"text":"well","start":3860.09,"end":3860.21},{"text":"as","start":3860.21,"end":3860.53},{"text":"the","start":3860.53,"end":3860.61},{"text":"Secretary-General's","start":3860.61,"end":3861.65},{"text":"report","start":3861.65,"end":3862.09},{"text":"on","start":3862.17,"end":3862.53},{"text":"national","start":3862.53,"end":3862.93},{"text":"legal","start":3862.93,"end":3863.17},{"text":"rules","start":3863.17,"end":3863.69},{"text":"and","start":3863.69,"end":3863.97},{"text":"the","start":3863.97,"end":3864.05},{"text":"judicial","start":3864.05,"end":3864.41},{"text":"practice","start":3864.41,"end":3864.89},{"text":"of","start":3864.89,"end":3865.05},{"text":"relevant","start":3865.05,"end":3865.45},{"text":"states,","start":3865.45,"end":3865.93},{"text":"which","start":3866.85,"end":3867.29},{"text":"lays","start":3867.29,"end":3867.77},{"text":"a","start":3867.77,"end":3867.85},{"text":"good","start":3867.85,"end":3868.09},{"text":"foundation","start":3868.09,"end":3868.81},{"text":"for","start":3868.81,"end":3868.97},{"text":"further","start":3868.97,"end":3869.33},{"text":"in-depth","start":3869.33,"end":3869.73},{"text":"discussion","start":3869.73,"end":3870.33},{"text":"of","start":3870.33,"end":3870.41},{"text":"the","start":3870.41,"end":3870.53},{"text":"topic.","start":3870.53,"end":3871.13}]},{"text":"In this connection, China wishes to stress the following points.","start":3872.65,"end":3875.53,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":3872.65,"end":3872.77},{"text":"this","start":3872.77,"end":3872.97},{"text":"connection,","start":3872.97,"end":3873.41},{"text":"China","start":3873.41,"end":3873.69},{"text":"wishes","start":3873.69,"end":3874.09},{"text":"to","start":3874.09,"end":3874.25},{"text":"stress","start":3874.25,"end":3874.53},{"text":"the","start":3874.53,"end":3874.65},{"text":"following","start":3874.65,"end":3874.97},{"text":"points.","start":3874.97,"end":3875.53}]},{"text":"First, the establishment and exercise of universal jurisdiction must have a sufficient and clear basis in international law, in line with the principle of sovereign equality of states.","start":3876.01,"end":3886.17,"topics":[{"key":"sovereignty-and-immunities","label":"Sovereignty and Immunities","description":"Many statements emphasized that the exercise of universal jurisdiction must respect sovereign equality, non-interference, territorial integrity, and the immunities of state officials under international law. Several delegations warned that ignoring these principles would damage interstate relations and the legitimacy of the legal system."}],"words":[{"text":"First,","start":3876.01,"end":3876.49},{"text":"the","start":3876.97,"end":3877.17},{"text":"establishment","start":3877.17,"end":3877.93},{"text":"and","start":3877.93,"end":3878.17},{"text":"exercise","start":3878.17,"end":3878.81},{"text":"of","start":3878.81,"end":3878.97},{"text":"universal","start":3878.97,"end":3879.49},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":3879.49,"end":3880.25},{"text":"must","start":3880.25,"end":3880.45},{"text":"have","start":3880.45,"end":3880.57},{"text":"a","start":3880.57,"end":3880.65},{"text":"sufficient","start":3880.65,"end":3881.29},{"text":"and","start":3881.29,"end":3881.53},{"text":"clear","start":3881.53,"end":3881.85},{"text":"basis","start":3881.85,"end":3882.33},{"text":"in","start":3882.33,"end":3882.41},{"text":"international","start":3882.41,"end":3883.33},{"text":"law,","start":3883.33,"end":3883.41},{"text":"in","start":3883.61,"end":3883.73},{"text":"line","start":3883.73,"end":3883.93},{"text":"with","start":3883.93,"end":3884.13},{"text":"the","start":3884.13,"end":3884.25},{"text":"principle","start":3884.25,"end":3884.65},{"text":"of","start":3884.65,"end":3884.81},{"text":"sovereign","start":3884.81,"end":3885.17},{"text":"equality","start":3885.17,"end":3885.61},{"text":"of","start":3885.61,"end":3885.69},{"text":"states.","start":3885.69,"end":3886.17}]},{"text":"The establishment and exercise of jurisdiction by one state must not undermine the sovereignty of other states.","start":3886.49,"end":3892.09,"topics":[{"key":"sovereignty-and-immunities","label":"Sovereignty and Immunities","description":"Many statements emphasized that the exercise of universal jurisdiction must respect sovereign equality, non-interference, territorial integrity, and the immunities of state officials under international law. Several delegations warned that ignoring these principles would damage interstate relations and the legitimacy of the legal system."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":3886.49,"end":3886.61},{"text":"establishment","start":3886.61,"end":3887.37},{"text":"and","start":3887.37,"end":3887.69},{"text":"exercise","start":3887.69,"end":3888.33},{"text":"of","start":3888.33,"end":3888.41},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":3888.41,"end":3889.05},{"text":"by","start":3889.05,"end":3889.17},{"text":"one","start":3889.17,"end":3889.37},{"text":"state","start":3889.37,"end":3889.77},{"text":"must","start":3889.77,"end":3889.93},{"text":"not","start":3889.93,"end":3890.13},{"text":"undermine","start":3890.17,"end":3890.61},{"text":"the","start":3890.61,"end":3890.73},{"text":"sovereignty","start":3890.73,"end":3891.13},{"text":"of","start":3891.13,"end":3891.37},{"text":"other","start":3891.37,"end":3891.61},{"text":"states.","start":3891.61,"end":3892.09}]},{"text":"And it should normally be premised on the existence of a personal or territorial link with the case concerned, or on the link involving the state's security and vital interests.","start":3892.73,"end":3903.45,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiarity-and-last-resort","label":"Subsidiarity and Last Resort","description":"Numerous speakers argued that universal jurisdiction should be secondary to territorial, nationality-based, or other closer jurisdictional links. In this view, it should be used only when the state with primary jurisdiction is unwilling or unable genuinely to investigate and prosecute."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":3892.73,"end":3893.01},{"text":"it","start":3893.01,"end":3893.09},{"text":"should","start":3893.09,"end":3893.25},{"text":"normally","start":3893.25,"end":3893.93},{"text":"be","start":3894.17,"end":3894.33},{"text":"premised","start":3894.33,"end":3894.89},{"text":"on","start":3894.89,"end":3895.29},{"text":"the","start":3895.29,"end":3895.41},{"text":"existence","start":3895.41,"end":3896.25},{"text":"of","start":3896.25,"end":3896.49},{"text":"a","start":3896.49,"end":3896.53},{"text":"personal","start":3896.53,"end":3897.13},{"text":"or","start":3897.13,"end":3897.45},{"text":"territorial","start":3897.45,"end":3898.05},{"text":"link","start":3898.05,"end":3898.41},{"text":"with","start":3898.41,"end":3898.61},{"text":"the","start":3898.65,"end":3898.73},{"text":"case","start":3898.73,"end":3899.05},{"text":"concerned,","start":3899.05,"end":3899.77},{"text":"or","start":3900.01,"end":3900.41},{"text":"on","start":3900.41,"end":3900.57},{"text":"the","start":3900.57,"end":3900.65},{"text":"link","start":3900.65,"end":3900.97},{"text":"involving","start":3900.97,"end":3901.49},{"text":"the","start":3901.49,"end":3901.61},{"text":"state's","start":3901.61,"end":3902.05},{"text":"security","start":3902.05,"end":3902.53},{"text":"and","start":3902.53,"end":3902.69},{"text":"vital","start":3902.69,"end":3903.05},{"text":"interests.","start":3903.05,"end":3903.45}]},{"text":"Universal jurisdiction as a form of subsidiary jurisdiction should not overlap or conflict with other country, other states territorial or personal jurisdiction.","start":3904.65,"end":3914.41,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiarity-and-last-resort","label":"Subsidiarity and Last Resort","description":"Numerous speakers argued that universal jurisdiction should be secondary to territorial, nationality-based, or other closer jurisdictional links. In this view, it should be used only when the state with primary jurisdiction is unwilling or unable genuinely to investigate and prosecute."}],"words":[{"text":"Universal","start":3904.65,"end":3905.13},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":3905.13,"end":3905.93},{"text":"as","start":3906.17,"end":3906.33},{"text":"a","start":3906.33,"end":3906.41},{"text":"form","start":3906.41,"end":3906.73},{"text":"of","start":3906.73,"end":3906.89},{"text":"subsidiary","start":3906.89,"end":3907.53},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":3907.53,"end":3908.33},{"text":"should","start":3908.49,"end":3908.77},{"text":"not","start":3908.81,"end":3909.05},{"text":"overlap","start":3909.05,"end":3909.69},{"text":"or","start":3909.69,"end":3909.85},{"text":"conflict","start":3909.85,"end":3910.41},{"text":"with","start":3910.41,"end":3910.61},{"text":"other","start":3910.65,"end":3910.89},{"text":"country,","start":3910.89,"end":3911.53},{"text":"other","start":3911.61,"end":3911.85},{"text":"states","start":3911.85,"end":3912.25},{"text":"territorial","start":3912.25,"end":3913.05},{"text":"or","start":3913.05,"end":3913.25},{"text":"personal","start":3913.25,"end":3913.69},{"text":"jurisdiction.","start":3913.69,"end":3914.41}]},{"text":"Therefore, in the absence of explicit authorization under international law, states should not unilaterally establish and exercise universal jurisdiction.","start":3914.89,"end":3924.17,"topics":[{"key":"sovereignty-and-immunities","label":"Sovereignty and Immunities","description":"Many statements emphasized that the exercise of universal jurisdiction must respect sovereign equality, non-interference, territorial integrity, and the immunities of state officials under international law. Several delegations warned that ignoring these principles would damage interstate relations and the legitimacy of the legal system."}],"words":[{"text":"Therefore,","start":3914.89,"end":3915.53},{"text":"in","start":3915.61,"end":3915.81},{"text":"the","start":3915.81,"end":3915.89},{"text":"absence","start":3915.89,"end":3916.49},{"text":"of","start":3916.49,"end":3916.73},{"text":"explicit","start":3916.73,"end":3917.77},{"text":"authorization","start":3917.93,"end":3918.69},{"text":"under","start":3918.69,"end":3918.93},{"text":"international","start":3918.93,"end":3919.73},{"text":"law,","start":3919.73,"end":3919.81},{"text":"states","start":3919.93,"end":3920.41},{"text":"should","start":3920.41,"end":3920.61},{"text":"not","start":3920.61,"end":3920.89},{"text":"unilaterally","start":3920.89,"end":3921.61},{"text":"establish","start":3921.61,"end":3922.17},{"text":"and","start":3922.17,"end":3922.37},{"text":"exercise","start":3922.37,"end":3922.97},{"text":"universal","start":3922.97,"end":3923.45},{"text":"jurisdiction.","start":3923.45,"end":3924.17}]},{"text":"Second, there's no international consensus on the scope and definition of universal jurisdiction.","start":3924.73,"end":3930.17,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"Second,","start":3924.73,"end":3925.21},{"text":"there's","start":3925.61,"end":3925.93},{"text":"no","start":3925.93,"end":3926.17},{"text":"international","start":3926.17,"end":3926.73},{"text":"consensus","start":3926.73,"end":3927.37},{"text":"on","start":3927.37,"end":3927.53},{"text":"the","start":3927.53,"end":3927.61},{"text":"scope","start":3927.61,"end":3928.01},{"text":"and","start":3928.01,"end":3928.21},{"text":"definition","start":3928.21,"end":3928.81},{"text":"of","start":3928.81,"end":3928.97},{"text":"universal","start":3928.97,"end":3929.45},{"text":"jurisdiction.","start":3929.45,"end":3930.17}]},{"text":"It should be limited to exceptional cases.","start":3930.49,"end":3933.13,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":3930.49,"end":3930.61},{"text":"should","start":3930.61,"end":3930.85},{"text":"be","start":3930.85,"end":3930.97},{"text":"limited","start":3930.97,"end":3931.61},{"text":"to","start":3931.61,"end":3931.85},{"text":"exceptional","start":3931.85,"end":3932.53},{"text":"cases.","start":3932.53,"end":3933.13}]},{"text":"Currently, states have reached a consensus only on its application to piracy.","start":3934.01,"end":3938.65,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"Currently,","start":3934.01,"end":3934.73},{"text":"states","start":3934.73,"end":3935.13},{"text":"have","start":3935.13,"end":3935.29},{"text":"reached","start":3935.29,"end":3935.65},{"text":"a","start":3935.65,"end":3935.69},{"text":"consensus","start":3935.69,"end":3936.41},{"text":"only","start":3936.41,"end":3936.73},{"text":"on","start":3936.73,"end":3936.97},{"text":"its","start":3936.97,"end":3937.13},{"text":"application","start":3937.13,"end":3937.85},{"text":"to","start":3937.85,"end":3938.01},{"text":"piracy.","start":3938.01,"end":3938.65}]},{"text":"In practice, some states exercise jurisdiction on the basis of the obligation to extradite or prosecute under international treaties or on the basis of specific links in exercising extraterritorial jurisdiction.","start":3939.21,"end":3953.69,"topics":[{"key":"distinction-from-other-bases","label":"Distinction From Other Jurisdictional Bases","description":"Several speakers insisted that universal jurisdiction must be clearly distinguished from treaty-based obligations to extradite or prosecute, other forms of extraterritorial jurisdiction, and the jurisdiction of international criminal tribunals. They argued that conflating these concepts creates legal confusion and distorts state practice."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":3939.21,"end":3939.37},{"text":"practice,","start":3939.37,"end":3939.93},{"text":"some","start":3940.17,"end":3940.49},{"text":"states","start":3940.49,"end":3940.97},{"text":"exercise","start":3940.97,"end":3941.69},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":3941.73,"end":3942.49},{"text":"on","start":3942.65,"end":3942.77},{"text":"the","start":3942.77,"end":3942.85},{"text":"basis","start":3942.85,"end":3943.37},{"text":"of","start":3943.37,"end":3943.61},{"text":"the","start":3943.61,"end":3943.73},{"text":"obligation","start":3944.49,"end":3945.13},{"text":"to","start":3945.13,"end":3945.29},{"text":"extradite","start":3945.29,"end":3945.93},{"text":"or","start":3945.93,"end":3946.25},{"text":"prosecute","start":3946.25,"end":3946.97},{"text":"under","start":3946.97,"end":3947.21},{"text":"international","start":3947.21,"end":3947.73},{"text":"treaties","start":3947.73,"end":3948.25},{"text":"or","start":3948.57,"end":3948.97},{"text":"on","start":3948.97,"end":3949.05},{"text":"the","start":3949.05,"end":3949.17},{"text":"basis","start":3949.17,"end":3949.69},{"text":"of","start":3949.69,"end":3949.85},{"text":"specific","start":3949.85,"end":3950.41},{"text":"links","start":3950.41,"end":3950.89},{"text":"in","start":3950.89,"end":3951.05},{"text":"exercising","start":3951.05,"end":3951.85},{"text":"extraterritorial","start":3951.85,"end":3952.89},{"text":"jurisdiction.","start":3952.89,"end":3953.69}]},{"text":"International judicial bodies exercise jurisdiction based on authorization under international legal instruments.","start":3954.25,"end":3960.25,"topics":[{"key":"distinction-from-other-bases","label":"Distinction From Other Jurisdictional Bases","description":"Several speakers insisted that universal jurisdiction must be clearly distinguished from treaty-based obligations to extradite or prosecute, other forms of extraterritorial jurisdiction, and the jurisdiction of international criminal tribunals. They argued that conflating these concepts creates legal confusion and distorts state practice."}],"words":[{"text":"International","start":3954.25,"end":3954.89},{"text":"judicial","start":3954.89,"end":3955.29},{"text":"bodies","start":3955.29,"end":3955.77},{"text":"exercise","start":3955.77,"end":3956.41},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":3956.41,"end":3957.29},{"text":"based","start":3957.29,"end":3957.61},{"text":"on","start":3957.61,"end":3957.77},{"text":"authorization","start":3957.77,"end":3958.57},{"text":"under","start":3958.57,"end":3958.81},{"text":"international","start":3958.81,"end":3959.33},{"text":"legal","start":3959.33,"end":3959.57},{"text":"instruments.","start":3959.57,"end":3960.25}]},{"text":"However, the conditions for exercising these forms of jurisdiction differ from those for piracy and therefore do not constitute the basis for determining the scope and application of universal jurisdiction.","start":3960.69,"end":3972.93,"topics":[{"key":"distinction-from-other-bases","label":"Distinction From Other Jurisdictional Bases","description":"Several speakers insisted that universal jurisdiction must be clearly distinguished from treaty-based obligations to extradite or prosecute, other forms of extraterritorial jurisdiction, and the jurisdiction of international criminal tribunals. They argued that conflating these concepts creates legal confusion and distorts state practice."}],"words":[{"text":"However,","start":3960.69,"end":3961.33},{"text":"the","start":3961.33,"end":3961.49},{"text":"conditions","start":3961.49,"end":3962.05},{"text":"for","start":3962.05,"end":3962.29},{"text":"exercising","start":3962.29,"end":3963.01},{"text":"these","start":3963.01,"end":3963.25},{"text":"forms","start":3963.25,"end":3963.57},{"text":"of","start":3963.57,"end":3963.73},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":3963.73,"end":3964.53},{"text":"differ","start":3964.77,"end":3965.17},{"text":"from","start":3965.17,"end":3965.41},{"text":"those","start":3965.41,"end":3965.73},{"text":"for","start":3965.73,"end":3965.89},{"text":"piracy","start":3965.89,"end":3966.61},{"text":"and","start":3967.25,"end":3967.45},{"text":"therefore","start":3967.45,"end":3967.89},{"text":"do","start":3967.89,"end":3968.05},{"text":"not","start":3968.05,"end":3968.29},{"text":"constitute","start":3968.29,"end":3968.97},{"text":"the","start":3968.97,"end":3969.05},{"text":"basis","start":3969.05,"end":3969.57},{"text":"for","start":3969.57,"end":3969.81},{"text":"determining","start":3969.81,"end":3970.29},{"text":"the","start":3970.29,"end":3970.37},{"text":"scope","start":3970.37,"end":3970.77},{"text":"and","start":3970.77,"end":3970.89},{"text":"application","start":3970.89,"end":3971.57},{"text":"of","start":3971.57,"end":3971.65},{"text":"universal","start":3971.65,"end":3972.13},{"text":"jurisdiction.","start":3972.13,"end":3972.93}]},{"text":"Third, the establishment and exercise of universal jurisdiction must not contravene other universally recognized principles and rules of international law.","start":3973.65,"end":3982.33,"topics":[{"key":"sovereignty-and-immunities","label":"Sovereignty and Immunities","description":"Many statements emphasized that the exercise of universal jurisdiction must respect sovereign equality, non-interference, territorial integrity, and the immunities of state officials under international law. Several delegations warned that ignoring these principles would damage interstate relations and the legitimacy of the legal system."}],"words":[{"text":"Third,","start":3973.65,"end":3974.05},{"text":"the","start":3974.53,"end":3974.65},{"text":"establishment","start":3974.69,"end":3975.49},{"text":"and","start":3975.49,"end":3975.69},{"text":"exercise","start":3975.69,"end":3976.29},{"text":"of","start":3976.29,"end":3976.45},{"text":"universal","start":3976.45,"end":3976.93},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":3976.93,"end":3977.73},{"text":"must","start":3977.73,"end":3977.97},{"text":"not","start":3977.97,"end":3978.13},{"text":"contravene","start":3978.13,"end":3978.85},{"text":"other","start":3978.93,"end":3979.09},{"text":"universally","start":3979.09,"end":3979.69},{"text":"recognized","start":3979.69,"end":3980.33},{"text":"principles","start":3980.37,"end":3980.89},{"text":"and","start":3980.89,"end":3981.05},{"text":"rules","start":3981.05,"end":3981.33},{"text":"of","start":3981.33,"end":3981.41},{"text":"international","start":3981.41,"end":3982.25},{"text":"law.","start":3982.25,"end":3982.33}]},{"text":"It should be consistent with the purposes and principles of the UN charter, including sovereign equality and non-interference in internal affairs.","start":3982.77,"end":3990.69,"topics":[{"key":"sovereignty-and-immunities","label":"Sovereignty and Immunities","description":"Many statements emphasized that the exercise of universal jurisdiction must respect sovereign equality, non-interference, territorial integrity, and the immunities of state officials under international law. Several delegations warned that ignoring these principles would damage interstate relations and the legitimacy of the legal system."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":3982.77,"end":3982.93},{"text":"should","start":3982.93,"end":3983.13},{"text":"be","start":3983.13,"end":3983.25},{"text":"consistent","start":3983.25,"end":3983.89},{"text":"with","start":3983.89,"end":3984.05},{"text":"the","start":3984.05,"end":3984.13},{"text":"purposes","start":3984.13,"end":3984.69},{"text":"and","start":3984.69,"end":3984.93},{"text":"principles","start":3984.93,"end":3985.57},{"text":"of","start":3985.57,"end":3985.73},{"text":"the","start":3985.73,"end":3985.81},{"text":"UN","start":3985.81,"end":3985.97},{"text":"charter,","start":3985.97,"end":3986.53},{"text":"including","start":3986.77,"end":3987.33},{"text":"sovereign","start":3987.33,"end":3987.69},{"text":"equality","start":3987.69,"end":3988.29},{"text":"and","start":3988.29,"end":3988.45},{"text":"non-interference","start":3988.45,"end":3989.41},{"text":"in","start":3989.41,"end":3989.77},{"text":"internal","start":3989.77,"end":3990.17},{"text":"affairs.","start":3990.17,"end":3990.69}]},{"text":"States should interpret and apply relevant legal norms in good faith and observe well recognized rules of immunity, particularly criminal jurisdictional immunity enjoyed under international law by foreign heads of state, heads of government, ministers of foreign affairs, and other officials.","start":3991.01,"end":4007.57,"topics":[{"key":"sovereignty-and-immunities","label":"Sovereignty and Immunities","description":"Many statements emphasized that the exercise of universal jurisdiction must respect sovereign equality, non-interference, territorial integrity, and the immunities of state officials under international law. Several delegations warned that ignoring these principles would damage interstate relations and the legitimacy of the legal system."}],"words":[{"text":"States","start":3991.01,"end":3991.57},{"text":"should","start":3991.57,"end":3991.73},{"text":"interpret","start":3991.73,"end":3992.37},{"text":"and","start":3992.37,"end":3992.61},{"text":"apply","start":3992.61,"end":3992.93},{"text":"relevant","start":3992.93,"end":3993.37},{"text":"legal","start":3993.37,"end":3993.69},{"text":"norms","start":3993.69,"end":3993.97},{"text":"in","start":3993.97,"end":3994.09},{"text":"good","start":3994.09,"end":3994.29},{"text":"faith","start":3994.29,"end":3994.61},{"text":"and","start":3994.61,"end":3994.85},{"text":"observe","start":3994.85,"end":3995.25},{"text":"well","start":3995.25,"end":3995.45},{"text":"recognized","start":3995.45,"end":3996.05},{"text":"rules","start":3996.05,"end":3996.45},{"text":"of","start":3996.45,"end":3996.69},{"text":"immunity,","start":3996.69,"end":3997.41},{"text":"particularly","start":3998.13,"end":3998.85},{"text":"criminal","start":3998.85,"end":3999.41},{"text":"jurisdictional","start":3999.41,"end":4000.21},{"text":"immunity","start":4000.21,"end":4000.89},{"text":"enjoyed","start":4000.89,"end":4001.41},{"text":"under","start":4001.41,"end":4001.73},{"text":"international","start":4001.73,"end":4002.45},{"text":"law","start":4002.45,"end":4002.53},{"text":"by","start":4002.53,"end":4002.77},{"text":"foreign","start":4002.77,"end":4003.09},{"text":"heads","start":4003.09,"end":4003.33},{"text":"of","start":4003.33,"end":4003.41},{"text":"state,","start":4003.41,"end":4003.89},{"text":"heads","start":4004.21,"end":4004.45},{"text":"of","start":4004.45,"end":4004.61},{"text":"government,","start":4004.61,"end":4005.09},{"text":"ministers","start":4005.09,"end":4005.69},{"text":"of","start":4005.69,"end":4005.81},{"text":"foreign","start":4005.81,"end":4006.09},{"text":"affairs,","start":4006.09,"end":4006.53},{"text":"and","start":4006.53,"end":4006.73},{"text":"other","start":4006.73,"end":4006.97},{"text":"officials.","start":4006.97,"end":4007.57}]},{"text":"In recent years, some states under the pretext of universal jurisdiction have exercised the extraterritorial jurisdiction over cases that bear no link at all to their territory, nationals, or property.","start":4008.41,"end":4020.57,"topics":[{"key":"politicization-and-selective-use","label":"Politicization and Selective Use","description":"A widely shared concern was that universal jurisdiction can be abused for political, discriminatory, or selective purposes. Delegations warned against using domestic courts to target foreign officials or advance geopolitical agendas under the banner of justice."},{"key":"subsidiarity-and-last-resort","label":"Subsidiarity and Last Resort","description":"Numerous speakers argued that universal jurisdiction should be secondary to territorial, nationality-based, or other closer jurisdictional links. In this view, it should be used only when the state with primary jurisdiction is unwilling or unable genuinely to investigate and prosecute."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":4008.41,"end":4008.49},{"text":"recent","start":4008.49,"end":4008.89},{"text":"years,","start":4008.89,"end":4009.29},{"text":"some","start":4009.29,"end":4009.61},{"text":"states","start":4009.61,"end":4010.09},{"text":"under","start":4010.37,"end":4010.61},{"text":"the","start":4010.61,"end":4010.73},{"text":"pretext","start":4010.73,"end":4011.29},{"text":"of","start":4011.29,"end":4011.45},{"text":"universal","start":4011.45,"end":4011.93},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":4011.93,"end":4012.73},{"text":"have","start":4012.97,"end":4013.21},{"text":"exercised","start":4013.21,"end":4013.97},{"text":"the","start":4013.97,"end":4014.05},{"text":"extraterritorial","start":4014.05,"end":4015.05},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":4015.05,"end":4015.85},{"text":"over","start":4015.85,"end":4016.09},{"text":"cases","start":4016.09,"end":4016.57},{"text":"that","start":4016.57,"end":4016.73},{"text":"bear","start":4016.73,"end":4017.05},{"text":"no","start":4017.05,"end":4017.21},{"text":"link","start":4017.21,"end":4017.45},{"text":"at","start":4017.45,"end":4017.69},{"text":"all","start":4017.69,"end":4018.01},{"text":"to","start":4018.17,"end":4018.33},{"text":"their","start":4018.33,"end":4018.49},{"text":"territory,","start":4018.49,"end":4019.13},{"text":"nationals,","start":4019.13,"end":4019.77},{"text":"or","start":4019.77,"end":4019.93},{"text":"property.","start":4019.93,"end":4020.57}]},{"text":"In the name of combating impunity, this practice effectively places their domestic jurisdiction above the sovereignty of other states.","start":4020.73,"end":4027.37,"topics":[{"key":"sovereignty-and-immunities","label":"Sovereignty and Immunities","description":"Many statements emphasized that the exercise of universal jurisdiction must respect sovereign equality, non-interference, territorial integrity, and the immunities of state officials under international law. Several delegations warned that ignoring these principles would damage interstate relations and the legitimacy of the legal system."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":4020.73,"end":4020.85},{"text":"the","start":4020.85,"end":4020.93},{"text":"name","start":4020.93,"end":4021.21},{"text":"of","start":4021.21,"end":4021.29},{"text":"combating","start":4021.29,"end":4021.85},{"text":"impunity,","start":4021.85,"end":4022.49},{"text":"this","start":4022.53,"end":4022.73},{"text":"practice","start":4022.73,"end":4023.21},{"text":"effectively","start":4023.21,"end":4023.85},{"text":"places","start":4023.85,"end":4024.33},{"text":"their","start":4024.33,"end":4024.49},{"text":"domestic","start":4024.49,"end":4025.01},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":4025.01,"end":4025.65},{"text":"above","start":4025.65,"end":4025.93},{"text":"the","start":4025.93,"end":4026.01},{"text":"sovereignty","start":4026.01,"end":4026.49},{"text":"of","start":4026.49,"end":4026.73},{"text":"other","start":4026.77,"end":4026.97},{"text":"states.","start":4026.97,"end":4027.37}]},{"text":"China supports focused discussions on how to prudently establish and exercise universal jurisdiction to prevent the abuse of this concept.","start":4027.85,"end":4035.53,"topics":[{"key":"politicization-and-selective-use","label":"Politicization and Selective Use","description":"A widely shared concern was that universal jurisdiction can be abused for political, discriminatory, or selective purposes. Delegations warned against using domestic courts to target foreign officials or advance geopolitical agendas under the banner of justice."},{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"China","start":4027.85,"end":4028.09},{"text":"supports","start":4028.09,"end":4028.57},{"text":"focused","start":4028.57,"end":4028.93},{"text":"discussions","start":4028.93,"end":4029.61},{"text":"on","start":4029.61,"end":4029.73},{"text":"how","start":4029.73,"end":4029.93},{"text":"to","start":4029.93,"end":4030.09},{"text":"prudently","start":4030.09,"end":4030.61},{"text":"establish","start":4030.61,"end":4031.21},{"text":"and","start":4031.21,"end":4031.61},{"text":"exercise","start":4031.61,"end":4032.25},{"text":"universal","start":4032.25,"end":4032.73},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":4032.73,"end":4033.45},{"text":"to","start":4033.69,"end":4033.81},{"text":"prevent","start":4033.81,"end":4034.21},{"text":"the","start":4034.21,"end":4034.29},{"text":"abuse","start":4034.33,"end":4034.65},{"text":"of","start":4034.65,"end":4034.81},{"text":"this","start":4034.81,"end":4034.97},{"text":"concept.","start":4034.97,"end":4035.53}]},{"text":"Chair, China notes the proposal by some states to refer this issue to the International Law Commission for study.","start":4036.41,"end":4042.81,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Chair,","start":4036.41,"end":4036.89},{"text":"China","start":4037.53,"end":4037.89},{"text":"notes","start":4037.89,"end":4038.09},{"text":"the","start":4038.09,"end":4038.25},{"text":"proposal","start":4038.25,"end":4038.73},{"text":"by","start":4038.73,"end":4038.89},{"text":"some","start":4038.89,"end":4039.13},{"text":"states","start":4039.13,"end":4039.61},{"text":"to","start":4039.61,"end":4039.73},{"text":"refer","start":4039.73,"end":4040.13},{"text":"this","start":4040.13,"end":4040.33},{"text":"issue","start":4040.33,"end":4040.73},{"text":"to","start":4040.73,"end":4040.85},{"text":"the","start":4040.85,"end":4040.93},{"text":"International","start":4040.93,"end":4041.65},{"text":"Law","start":4041.65,"end":4041.77},{"text":"Commission","start":4041.77,"end":4042.21},{"text":"for","start":4042.21,"end":4042.33},{"text":"study.","start":4042.33,"end":4042.81}]},{"text":"Given the divergent views among states on related issues, it is premature for the International Law Commission to codify and develop a relevant international law.","start":4043.65,"end":4053.73,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"Given","start":4043.65,"end":4044.05},{"text":"the","start":4044.05,"end":4044.17},{"text":"divergent","start":4044.17,"end":4044.81},{"text":"views","start":4044.81,"end":4045.21},{"text":"among","start":4045.21,"end":4045.49},{"text":"states","start":4045.49,"end":4045.85},{"text":"on","start":4045.85,"end":4046.01},{"text":"related","start":4046.01,"end":4046.49},{"text":"issues,","start":4046.49,"end":4047.13},{"text":"it","start":4048.09,"end":4048.25},{"text":"is","start":4048.25,"end":4048.41},{"text":"premature","start":4048.41,"end":4049.21},{"text":"for","start":4049.21,"end":4049.37},{"text":"the","start":4049.37,"end":4049.49},{"text":"International","start":4049.49,"end":4050.05},{"text":"Law","start":4050.05,"end":4050.17},{"text":"Commission","start":4050.17,"end":4050.73},{"text":"to","start":4050.73,"end":4050.89},{"text":"codify","start":4050.89,"end":4051.45},{"text":"and","start":4051.45,"end":4051.69},{"text":"develop","start":4051.69,"end":4052.17},{"text":"a","start":4052.17,"end":4052.21},{"text":"relevant","start":4052.21,"end":4052.73},{"text":"international","start":4052.73,"end":4053.65},{"text":"law.","start":4053.65,"end":4053.73}]},{"text":"China supports continuing discussions in the Sixth Committee to further narrow differences and enhance common understanding.","start":4054.25,"end":4061.37,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"China","start":4054.25,"end":4054.57},{"text":"supports","start":4054.57,"end":4055.05},{"text":"continuing","start":4055.05,"end":4055.61},{"text":"discussions","start":4055.61,"end":4056.33},{"text":"in","start":4056.33,"end":4056.49},{"text":"the","start":4056.49,"end":4056.65},{"text":"Sixth","start":4056.65,"end":4056.93},{"text":"Committee","start":4056.93,"end":4057.45},{"text":"to","start":4058.17,"end":4058.41},{"text":"further","start":4058.41,"end":4058.73},{"text":"narrow","start":4058.73,"end":4059.05},{"text":"differences","start":4059.05,"end":4059.77},{"text":"and","start":4059.77,"end":4060.01},{"text":"enhance","start":4060.01,"end":4060.37},{"text":"common","start":4060.37,"end":4060.65},{"text":"understanding.","start":4060.65,"end":4061.37}]},{"text":"Thank you, Chair.","start":4061.61,"end":4062.25,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":4061.61,"end":4061.85},{"text":"you,","start":4061.85,"end":4061.93},{"text":"Chair.","start":4061.93,"end":4062.25}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"CHN","affiliation_full":"China","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":33,"start":4064.49,"pageUrl":"/en/ga/c6/80/23?t=4065","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you for your statement.","start":4064.49,"end":4066.09,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":4064.49,"end":4064.73},{"text":"you","start":4064.73,"end":4064.81},{"text":"for","start":4064.81,"end":4064.97},{"text":"your","start":4064.97,"end":4065.13},{"text":"statement.","start":4065.13,"end":4066.09}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"I now give the floor to the representative of Costa Rica.","start":4066.81,"end":4070.97,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":4066.81,"end":4068.17},{"text":"now","start":4068.57,"end":4068.73},{"text":"give","start":4068.73,"end":4068.89},{"text":"the","start":4068.89,"end":4068.97},{"text":"floor","start":4068.97,"end":4069.29},{"text":"to","start":4069.29,"end":4069.37},{"text":"the","start":4069.37,"end":4069.45},{"text":"representative","start":4069.45,"end":4070.09},{"text":"of","start":4070.09,"end":4070.17},{"text":"Costa","start":4070.17,"end":4070.57},{"text":"Rica.","start":4070.57,"end":4070.97}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"6th Committee","affiliation_full":"6th Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":34,"start":4074.05,"pageUrl":"/en/ga/c6/80/23?t=4075","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Costa Rica is grateful for the introduction of the Secretary General's report on the scope and application of the principle of universal jurisdiction.","start":4074.05,"end":4083.13,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":4074.05,"end":4074.25},{"text":"you,","start":4074.25,"end":4074.33},{"text":"Mr.","start":4074.33,"end":4074.57},{"text":"Chairman.","start":4074.57,"end":4074.93},{"text":"Costa","start":4075.45,"end":4075.77},{"text":"Rica","start":4075.77,"end":4076.09},{"text":"is","start":4076.09,"end":4076.25},{"text":"grateful","start":4076.25,"end":4076.73},{"text":"for","start":4076.73,"end":4076.97},{"text":"the","start":4076.97,"end":4077.09},{"text":"introduction","start":4077.09,"end":4077.85},{"text":"of","start":4077.85,"end":4078.01},{"text":"the","start":4078.01,"end":4078.13},{"text":"Secretary","start":4078.13,"end":4078.49},{"text":"General's","start":4078.49,"end":4078.93},{"text":"report","start":4078.93,"end":4079.45},{"text":"on","start":4079.45,"end":4079.61},{"text":"the","start":4079.61,"end":4079.77},{"text":"scope","start":4079.77,"end":4080.17},{"text":"and","start":4080.21,"end":4080.33},{"text":"application","start":4080.33,"end":4080.93},{"text":"of","start":4080.93,"end":4081.01},{"text":"the","start":4081.01,"end":4081.09},{"text":"principle","start":4081.09,"end":4081.61},{"text":"of","start":4081.61,"end":4081.69},{"text":"universal","start":4081.69,"end":4082.25},{"text":"jurisdiction.","start":4082.25,"end":4083.13}]},{"text":"We value the contributions by Member States and observers that have fed into this collective reflection process on strengthening international law and combating impunity.","start":4083.69,"end":4097.29,"topics":[{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4083.69,"end":4084.01},{"text":"value","start":4084.01,"end":4084.49},{"text":"the","start":4084.49,"end":4084.73},{"text":"contributions","start":4084.81,"end":4085.61},{"text":"by","start":4085.61,"end":4085.85},{"text":"Member","start":4085.85,"end":4086.17},{"text":"States","start":4086.17,"end":4086.65},{"text":"and","start":4086.65,"end":4087.05},{"text":"observers","start":4087.05,"end":4088.01},{"text":"that","start":4088.41,"end":4088.65},{"text":"have","start":4088.89,"end":4089.37},{"text":"fed","start":4089.93,"end":4090.17},{"text":"into","start":4090.17,"end":4090.57},{"text":"this","start":4090.57,"end":4090.81},{"text":"collective","start":4090.81,"end":4091.53},{"text":"reflection","start":4091.85,"end":4092.49},{"text":"process","start":4092.49,"end":4093.13},{"text":"on","start":4093.13,"end":4093.29},{"text":"strengthening","start":4093.29,"end":4094.09},{"text":"international","start":4094.09,"end":4095.41},{"text":"law","start":4095.41,"end":4095.61},{"text":"and","start":4095.61,"end":4095.93},{"text":"combating","start":4095.93,"end":4096.53},{"text":"impunity.","start":4096.53,"end":4097.29}]},{"text":"In this regard, my delegation would like to make the following three remarks.","start":4097.85,"end":4104.17,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":4097.85,"end":4098.01},{"text":"this","start":4098.01,"end":4098.17},{"text":"regard,","start":4098.17,"end":4098.57},{"text":"my","start":4098.57,"end":4098.73},{"text":"delegation","start":4098.73,"end":4099.45},{"text":"would","start":4099.45,"end":4099.61},{"text":"like","start":4099.61,"end":4099.93},{"text":"to","start":4099.93,"end":4100.13},{"text":"make","start":4102.57,"end":4102.89},{"text":"the","start":4102.89,"end":4102.97},{"text":"following","start":4102.97,"end":4103.37},{"text":"three","start":4103.37,"end":4103.61},{"text":"remarks.","start":4103.61,"end":4104.17}]},{"text":"Firstly, while we recognize that there is not yet international consensus on the list of crimes that could be the subject of universal jurisdiction, we are grateful for the SG's report and the accompanying tables provide a broad systematized view of the practice and national legislation in states.","start":4104.17,"end":4126.17,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. 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States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":4126.17,"end":4126.41},{"text":"reveals","start":4126.41,"end":4127.05},{"text":"a","start":4127.29,"end":4127.33},{"text":"diversity","start":4127.33,"end":4128.17},{"text":"of","start":4128.17,"end":4128.25},{"text":"approaches","start":4128.25,"end":4129.05},{"text":"and","start":4129.05,"end":4129.41},{"text":"a","start":4129.41,"end":4129.45},{"text":"wealth","start":4130.73,"end":4131.13},{"text":"of","start":4131.41,"end":4131.53},{"text":"different","start":4131.53,"end":4131.97},{"text":"legal","start":4132.61,"end":4132.97},{"text":"practices.","start":4132.97,"end":4133.77}]},{"text":"In this context, we see a progressive trend towards the application of universal jurisdiction for the most serious international crimes such as genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes and torture.","start":4134.09,"end":4148.65,"topics":[{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":4134.09,"end":4134.33},{"text":"this","start":4134.33,"end":4134.49},{"text":"context,","start":4134.49,"end":4135.05},{"text":"we","start":4135.05,"end":4135.21},{"text":"see","start":4135.21,"end":4135.45},{"text":"a","start":4135.45,"end":4135.49},{"text":"progressive","start":4135.49,"end":4136.17},{"text":"trend","start":4136.17,"end":4136.65},{"text":"towards","start":4136.65,"end":4137.29},{"text":"the","start":4137.29,"end":4137.45},{"text":"application","start":4137.53,"end":4138.41},{"text":"of","start":4138.41,"end":4138.49},{"text":"universal","start":4138.49,"end":4139.05},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":4139.05,"end":4139.93},{"text":"for","start":4140.41,"end":4141.01},{"text":"the","start":4141.13,"end":4141.33},{"text":"most","start":4141.45,"end":4141.73},{"text":"serious","start":4141.73,"end":4142.13},{"text":"international","start":4142.13,"end":4142.73},{"text":"crimes","start":4142.73,"end":4143.17},{"text":"such","start":4143.17,"end":4143.45},{"text":"as","start":4143.45,"end":4143.61},{"text":"genocide,","start":4143.61,"end":4144.57},{"text":"crimes","start":4144.81,"end":4145.21},{"text":"against","start":4145.21,"end":4145.57},{"text":"humanity,","start":4145.57,"end":4146.57},{"text":"war","start":4146.89,"end":4147.13},{"text":"crimes","start":4147.13,"end":4147.81},{"text":"and","start":4147.81,"end":4147.97},{"text":"torture.","start":4147.97,"end":4148.65}]},{"text":"supported by treaty obligations and also customary norms of international law.","start":4150.65,"end":4156.77,"topics":[{"key":"distinction-from-other-bases","label":"Distinction From Other Jurisdictional Bases","description":"Several speakers insisted that universal jurisdiction must be clearly distinguished from treaty-based obligations to extradite or prosecute, other forms of extraterritorial jurisdiction, and the jurisdiction of international criminal tribunals. They argued that conflating these concepts creates legal confusion and distorts state practice."}],"words":[{"text":"supported","start":4150.65,"end":4151.33},{"text":"by","start":4151.33,"end":4151.69},{"text":"treaty","start":4151.77,"end":4152.49},{"text":"obligations","start":4152.49,"end":4153.45},{"text":"and","start":4153.45,"end":4153.69},{"text":"also","start":4153.69,"end":4154.25},{"text":"customary","start":4154.25,"end":4155.13},{"text":"norms","start":4155.13,"end":4155.61},{"text":"of","start":4155.61,"end":4155.69},{"text":"international","start":4155.69,"end":4156.69},{"text":"law.","start":4156.69,"end":4156.77}]},{"text":"This progress reflects a shared understanding that such crimes affect the international community as a whole and should not go unpunished.","start":4157.21,"end":4167.29,"topics":[{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":4157.21,"end":4157.45},{"text":"progress","start":4157.45,"end":4158.17},{"text":"reflects","start":4158.17,"end":4158.85},{"text":"a","start":4158.85,"end":4158.89},{"text":"shared","start":4158.97,"end":4159.61},{"text":"understanding","start":4159.61,"end":4160.49},{"text":"that","start":4160.49,"end":4160.73},{"text":"such","start":4160.73,"end":4161.13},{"text":"crimes","start":4161.13,"end":4161.77},{"text":"affect","start":4161.77,"end":4162.37},{"text":"the","start":4162.37,"end":4162.45},{"text":"international","start":4162.45,"end":4163.21},{"text":"community","start":4163.21,"end":4164.01},{"text":"as","start":4164.01,"end":4164.25},{"text":"a","start":4164.25,"end":4164.33},{"text":"whole","start":4164.33,"end":4164.89},{"text":"and","start":4165.49,"end":4165.77},{"text":"should","start":4165.77,"end":4166.05},{"text":"not","start":4166.05,"end":4166.33},{"text":"go","start":4166.37,"end":4166.57},{"text":"unpunished.","start":4166.57,"end":4167.29}]},{"text":"Likewise, some states, including Costa Rica, have strengthened their legal frameworks to encompass other crimes of interest to the international community.","start":4168.81,"end":4179.69,"topics":[{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."},{"key":"cooperation-and-national-capacity","label":"International Cooperation and National Capacity","description":"A recurring topic was the need to strengthen domestic justice systems and expand cooperation through extradition, mutual legal assistance, and judicial coordination. Delegations argued that stronger national capacity and better interstate cooperation are essential both to combat impunity and to reduce overreliance on universal jurisdiction."}],"words":[{"text":"Likewise,","start":4168.81,"end":4169.45},{"text":"some","start":4169.45,"end":4169.85},{"text":"states,","start":4169.85,"end":4170.49},{"text":"including","start":4170.49,"end":4171.05},{"text":"Costa","start":4171.05,"end":4171.45},{"text":"Rica,","start":4171.45,"end":4171.85},{"text":"have","start":4171.93,"end":4172.25},{"text":"strengthened","start":4172.25,"end":4173.13},{"text":"their","start":4173.13,"end":4173.33},{"text":"legal","start":4173.37,"end":4173.77},{"text":"frameworks","start":4173.77,"end":4174.65},{"text":"to","start":4174.65,"end":4174.89},{"text":"encompass","start":4175.13,"end":4176.17},{"text":"other","start":4176.17,"end":4176.65},{"text":"crimes","start":4176.97,"end":4177.57},{"text":"of","start":4177.57,"end":4177.69},{"text":"interest","start":4177.69,"end":4178.13},{"text":"to","start":4178.13,"end":4178.21},{"text":"the","start":4178.21,"end":4178.29},{"text":"international","start":4178.29,"end":4178.81},{"text":"community.","start":4178.81,"end":4179.69}]},{"text":"These include piracy, terrorism, people trafficking, or the illicit trafficking of drugs, in accordance with our domestic legislation and relevant international treaties.","start":4179.69,"end":4193.21,"topics":[{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."},{"key":"cooperation-and-national-capacity","label":"International Cooperation and National Capacity","description":"A recurring topic was the need to strengthen domestic justice systems and expand cooperation through extradition, mutual legal assistance, and judicial coordination. Delegations argued that stronger national capacity and better interstate cooperation are essential both to combat impunity and to reduce overreliance on universal jurisdiction."}],"words":[{"text":"These","start":4179.69,"end":4180.09},{"text":"include","start":4180.09,"end":4180.97},{"text":"piracy,","start":4181.37,"end":4182.17},{"text":"terrorism,","start":4182.17,"end":4183.13},{"text":"people","start":4183.45,"end":4183.85},{"text":"trafficking,","start":4183.85,"end":4184.65},{"text":"or","start":4184.89,"end":4185.05},{"text":"the","start":4185.05,"end":4185.17},{"text":"illicit","start":4185.17,"end":4185.65},{"text":"trafficking","start":4185.65,"end":4186.33},{"text":"of","start":4186.49,"end":4186.73},{"text":"drugs,","start":4187.45,"end":4187.93},{"text":"in","start":4188.57,"end":4188.65},{"text":"accordance","start":4188.65,"end":4189.13},{"text":"with","start":4189.13,"end":4189.37},{"text":"our","start":4189.37,"end":4189.53},{"text":"domestic","start":4189.53,"end":4190.17},{"text":"legislation","start":4190.17,"end":4191.05},{"text":"and","start":4191.05,"end":4191.33},{"text":"relevant","start":4191.33,"end":4191.89},{"text":"international","start":4191.89,"end":4192.49},{"text":"treaties.","start":4192.49,"end":4193.21}]},{"text":"In Costa Rica's case, these provisions reflect a firm commitment to international cooperation to prevent and punish transnational crime, as well as to the principle that no territory should be a refuge for those committing serious crimes in contravention of international law and the fundamental values of the international community.","start":4193.61,"end":4217.37,"topics":[{"key":"cooperation-and-national-capacity","label":"International Cooperation and National Capacity","description":"A recurring topic was the need to strengthen domestic justice systems and expand cooperation through extradition, mutual legal assistance, and judicial coordination. Delegations argued that stronger national capacity and better interstate cooperation are essential both to combat impunity and to reduce overreliance on universal jurisdiction."},{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":4193.61,"end":4193.73},{"text":"Costa","start":4193.73,"end":4194.01},{"text":"Rica's","start":4194.01,"end":4194.49},{"text":"case,","start":4194.49,"end":4194.89},{"text":"these","start":4195.05,"end":4195.37},{"text":"provisions","start":4195.37,"end":4196.01},{"text":"reflect","start":4196.01,"end":4196.65},{"text":"a","start":4196.73,"end":4196.77},{"text":"firm","start":4196.77,"end":4197.29},{"text":"commitment","start":4197.29,"end":4198.13},{"text":"to","start":4198.13,"end":4198.21},{"text":"international","start":4198.21,"end":4198.97},{"text":"cooperation","start":4198.97,"end":4199.85},{"text":"to","start":4199.85,"end":4200.01},{"text":"prevent","start":4200.09,"end":4200.73},{"text":"and","start":4200.81,"end":4201.05},{"text":"punish","start":4201.05,"end":4201.61},{"text":"transnational","start":4202.01,"end":4203.13},{"text":"crime,","start":4203.13,"end":4203.85},{"text":"as","start":4204.17,"end":4204.33},{"text":"well","start":4204.33,"end":4204.53},{"text":"as","start":4204.53,"end":4204.65},{"text":"to","start":4204.65,"end":4204.81},{"text":"the","start":4204.97,"end":4205.09},{"text":"principle","start":4205.13,"end":4205.93},{"text":"that","start":4205.93,"end":4206.17},{"text":"no","start":4206.17,"end":4206.57},{"text":"territory","start":4206.65,"end":4207.61},{"text":"should","start":4207.69,"end":4208.25},{"text":"be","start":4208.33,"end":4208.81},{"text":"a","start":4208.81,"end":4208.85},{"text":"refuge","start":4208.85,"end":4209.77},{"text":"for","start":4209.77,"end":4210.05},{"text":"those","start":4210.09,"end":4210.49},{"text":"committing","start":4210.49,"end":4211.13},{"text":"serious","start":4211.13,"end":4211.53},{"text":"crimes","start":4211.53,"end":4212.09},{"text":"in","start":4212.41,"end":4212.57},{"text":"contravention","start":4212.57,"end":4213.21},{"text":"of","start":4213.21,"end":4213.29},{"text":"international","start":4213.29,"end":4214.29},{"text":"law","start":4214.29,"end":4214.41},{"text":"and","start":4214.41,"end":4214.61},{"text":"the","start":4214.61,"end":4214.69},{"text":"fundamental","start":4214.73,"end":4215.37},{"text":"values","start":4215.37,"end":4215.81},{"text":"of","start":4215.81,"end":4215.89},{"text":"the","start":4215.89,"end":4215.97},{"text":"international","start":4215.97,"end":4216.57},{"text":"community.","start":4216.57,"end":4217.37}]},{"text":"This in systematized information provided in the SG's report, while it does not represent consensus, does provide a valuable panorama of current state practice.","start":4217.77,"end":4231.33,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":4217.77,"end":4218.09},{"text":"in","start":4218.17,"end":4218.37},{"text":"systematized","start":4218.65,"end":4219.45},{"text":"information","start":4219.45,"end":4220.25},{"text":"provided","start":4220.25,"end":4220.97},{"text":"in","start":4220.97,"end":4221.17},{"text":"the","start":4221.17,"end":4221.25},{"text":"SG's","start":4221.25,"end":4221.85},{"text":"report,","start":4221.85,"end":4222.41},{"text":"while","start":4222.69,"end":4223.01},{"text":"it","start":4223.01,"end":4223.17},{"text":"does","start":4223.17,"end":4223.29},{"text":"not","start":4223.29,"end":4223.61},{"text":"represent","start":4223.61,"end":4224.25},{"text":"consensus,","start":4224.25,"end":4225.37},{"text":"does","start":4226.41,"end":4226.81},{"text":"provide","start":4226.81,"end":4227.61},{"text":"a","start":4227.77,"end":4227.81},{"text":"valuable","start":4227.81,"end":4228.73},{"text":"panorama","start":4228.89,"end":4229.65},{"text":"of","start":4229.65,"end":4230.01},{"text":"current","start":4230.01,"end":4230.41},{"text":"state","start":4230.41,"end":4230.69},{"text":"practice.","start":4230.69,"end":4231.33}]},{"text":"For Costa Rica, this is a solid basis on which We must continue to build common understanding so as to strengthen consistency and the effectiveness of the international legal regime in universal jurisdiction.","start":4231.33,"end":4248.01,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"For","start":4231.33,"end":4231.45},{"text":"Costa","start":4231.45,"end":4231.85},{"text":"Rica,","start":4231.85,"end":4232.33},{"text":"this","start":4232.33,"end":4232.57},{"text":"is","start":4232.57,"end":4232.73},{"text":"a","start":4232.73,"end":4232.81},{"text":"solid","start":4232.89,"end":4233.53},{"text":"basis","start":4233.53,"end":4234.25},{"text":"on","start":4234.25,"end":4234.45},{"text":"which","start":4234.45,"end":4234.81},{"text":"We","start":4236.17,"end":4236.25},{"text":"must","start":4236.25,"end":4236.49},{"text":"continue","start":4236.49,"end":4237.77},{"text":"to","start":4237.77,"end":4237.85},{"text":"build","start":4237.85,"end":4238.21},{"text":"common","start":4238.21,"end":4238.57},{"text":"understanding","start":4238.57,"end":4239.53},{"text":"so","start":4239.53,"end":4239.89},{"text":"as","start":4239.89,"end":4240.01},{"text":"to","start":4240.01,"end":4240.25},{"text":"strengthen","start":4240.25,"end":4241.05},{"text":"consistency","start":4241.05,"end":4242.33},{"text":"and","start":4242.33,"end":4242.73},{"text":"the","start":4242.73,"end":4242.93},{"text":"effectiveness","start":4242.93,"end":4243.65},{"text":"of","start":4243.65,"end":4243.77},{"text":"the","start":4243.77,"end":4243.89},{"text":"international","start":4243.89,"end":4244.65},{"text":"legal","start":4244.65,"end":4244.97},{"text":"regime","start":4244.97,"end":4245.77},{"text":"in","start":4245.77,"end":4246.33},{"text":"universal","start":4246.49,"end":4247.13},{"text":"jurisdiction.","start":4247.13,"end":4248.01}]},{"text":"Second, Costa Rica believes that universal jurisdiction should be exercised responsibly in accordance with international law.","start":4248.25,"end":4257.25,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"Second,","start":4248.25,"end":4248.89},{"text":"Costa","start":4249.21,"end":4249.61},{"text":"Rica","start":4249.61,"end":4250.01},{"text":"believes","start":4250.01,"end":4250.69},{"text":"that","start":4250.69,"end":4251.05},{"text":"universal","start":4251.05,"end":4251.77},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":4251.77,"end":4252.81},{"text":"should","start":4252.81,"end":4253.13},{"text":"be","start":4253.13,"end":4253.45},{"text":"exercised","start":4253.45,"end":4254.33},{"text":"responsibly","start":4254.33,"end":4255.29},{"text":"in","start":4255.29,"end":4255.41},{"text":"accordance","start":4255.41,"end":4255.93},{"text":"with","start":4255.93,"end":4256.05},{"text":"international","start":4256.05,"end":4257.17},{"text":"law.","start":4257.17,"end":4257.25}]},{"text":"with regard to the principles of non-interference, sovereign equality and sovereignty as set out in many states' contributions in the report, it should be complementary and subsidiary in nature, it should only be applied where states with primary jurisdiction are unable or unwilling to act, it's mis or or undue use could undermine the international system.","start":4259.69,"end":4291.57,"topics":[{"key":"sovereignty-and-immunities","label":"Sovereignty and Immunities","description":"Many statements emphasized that the exercise of universal jurisdiction must respect sovereign equality, non-interference, territorial integrity, and the immunities of state officials under international law. Several delegations warned that ignoring these principles would damage interstate relations and the legitimacy of the legal system."},{"key":"subsidiarity-and-last-resort","label":"Subsidiarity and Last Resort","description":"Numerous speakers argued that universal jurisdiction should be secondary to territorial, nationality-based, or other closer jurisdictional links. In this view, it should be used only when the state with primary jurisdiction is unwilling or unable genuinely to investigate and prosecute."}],"words":[{"text":"with","start":4259.69,"end":4260.01},{"text":"regard","start":4260.01,"end":4260.25},{"text":"to","start":4260.25,"end":4260.33},{"text":"the","start":4260.33,"end":4260.45},{"text":"principles","start":4260.65,"end":4261.29},{"text":"of","start":4261.29,"end":4261.69},{"text":"non-interference,","start":4262.01,"end":4263.17},{"text":"sovereign","start":4263.17,"end":4263.49},{"text":"equality","start":4263.49,"end":4264.33},{"text":"and","start":4264.41,"end":4265.21},{"text":"sovereignty","start":4265.21,"end":4265.77},{"text":"as","start":4266.81,"end":4267.29},{"text":"set","start":4268.25,"end":4268.49},{"text":"out","start":4268.49,"end":4268.81},{"text":"in","start":4268.89,"end":4269.29},{"text":"many","start":4269.29,"end":4269.77},{"text":"states'","start":4269.77,"end":4270.25},{"text":"contributions","start":4270.25,"end":4270.81},{"text":"in","start":4270.81,"end":4270.89},{"text":"the","start":4270.89,"end":4270.97},{"text":"report,","start":4270.97,"end":4271.53},{"text":"it","start":4271.53,"end":4271.61},{"text":"should","start":4271.61,"end":4271.81},{"text":"be","start":4271.81,"end":4271.93},{"text":"complementary","start":4271.93,"end":4272.89},{"text":"and","start":4272.89,"end":4273.13},{"text":"subsidiary","start":4273.13,"end":4273.93},{"text":"in","start":4273.93,"end":4274.13},{"text":"nature,","start":4274.13,"end":4275.05},{"text":"it","start":4275.05,"end":4275.25},{"text":"should","start":4275.25,"end":4275.37},{"text":"only","start":4275.37,"end":4275.57},{"text":"be","start":4275.57,"end":4275.69},{"text":"applied","start":4275.69,"end":4276.33},{"text":"where","start":4276.33,"end":4276.65},{"text":"states","start":4276.65,"end":4277.13},{"text":"with","start":4277.13,"end":4277.61},{"text":"primary","start":4278.01,"end":4278.57},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":4278.57,"end":4279.37},{"text":"are","start":4279.37,"end":4279.85},{"text":"unable","start":4280.13,"end":4280.89},{"text":"or","start":4280.89,"end":4281.29},{"text":"unwilling","start":4281.29,"end":4281.85},{"text":"to","start":4281.85,"end":4282.01},{"text":"act,","start":4282.49,"end":4282.97},{"text":"it's","start":4284.29,"end":4284.57},{"text":"mis","start":4284.57,"end":4285.21},{"text":"or","start":4285.37,"end":4285.49},{"text":"or","start":4286.41,"end":4286.45},{"text":"undue","start":4286.45,"end":4287.01},{"text":"use","start":4287.01,"end":4287.65},{"text":"could","start":4287.65,"end":4288.05},{"text":"undermine","start":4288.05,"end":4288.69},{"text":"the","start":4288.69,"end":4288.89},{"text":"international","start":4290.21,"end":4291.01},{"text":"system.","start":4291.01,"end":4291.57}]},{"text":"It calls for current strong guarantees for judicial independence, due process, and observance of internationally recognized immunities.","start":4293.57,"end":4305.01,"topics":[{"key":"procedural-safeguards","label":"Procedural Safeguards","description":"Many delegations called for procedural limits to ensure fair and disciplined use of universal jurisdiction. Frequently mentioned safeguards included the presence of the accused in the forum state, due process guarantees, prior consultation with concerned states, high-level prosecutorial review, and protection against duplicative proceedings."},{"key":"sovereignty-and-immunities","label":"Sovereignty and Immunities","description":"Many statements emphasized that the exercise of universal jurisdiction must respect sovereign equality, non-interference, territorial integrity, and the immunities of state officials under international law. Several delegations warned that ignoring these principles would damage interstate relations and the legitimacy of the legal system."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":4293.57,"end":4293.77},{"text":"calls","start":4293.77,"end":4294.21},{"text":"for","start":4294.21,"end":4295.09},{"text":"current","start":4295.49,"end":4295.89},{"text":"strong","start":4296.21,"end":4296.85},{"text":"guarantees","start":4297.33,"end":4298.09},{"text":"for","start":4298.09,"end":4298.33},{"text":"judicial","start":4298.45,"end":4298.85},{"text":"independence,","start":4298.85,"end":4299.73},{"text":"due","start":4300.57,"end":4300.77},{"text":"process,","start":4300.77,"end":4301.57},{"text":"and","start":4301.65,"end":4302.21},{"text":"observance","start":4302.21,"end":4303.01},{"text":"of","start":4303.01,"end":4303.25},{"text":"internationally","start":4303.25,"end":4303.85},{"text":"recognized","start":4303.85,"end":4304.29},{"text":"immunities.","start":4304.29,"end":4305.01}]},{"text":"Costa Rica also reaffirms the validity of the principle out de re out judicare.","start":4305.41,"end":4312.21,"topics":[{"key":"distinction-from-other-bases","label":"Distinction From Other Jurisdictional Bases","description":"Several speakers insisted that universal jurisdiction must be clearly distinguished from treaty-based obligations to extradite or prosecute, other forms of extraterritorial jurisdiction, and the jurisdiction of international criminal tribunals. They argued that conflating these concepts creates legal confusion and distorts state practice."}],"words":[{"text":"Costa","start":4305.41,"end":4305.69},{"text":"Rica","start":4305.69,"end":4305.93},{"text":"also","start":4305.93,"end":4306.21},{"text":"reaffirms","start":4306.21,"end":4307.09},{"text":"the","start":4307.09,"end":4307.21},{"text":"validity","start":4307.33,"end":4307.97},{"text":"of","start":4307.97,"end":4308.37},{"text":"the","start":4308.37,"end":4308.57},{"text":"principle","start":4309.41,"end":4310.13},{"text":"out","start":4310.53,"end":4310.77},{"text":"de","start":4310.77,"end":4310.85},{"text":"re","start":4310.85,"end":4311.17},{"text":"out","start":4311.17,"end":4311.41},{"text":"judicare.","start":4311.41,"end":4312.21}]},{"text":"This obliges states to extradite or try those responsible for the most serious crimes as an expression of shared responsibility for the crimes that affect all of mankind.","start":4313.21,"end":4325.93,"topics":[{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."},{"key":"distinction-from-other-bases","label":"Distinction From Other Jurisdictional Bases","description":"Several speakers insisted that universal jurisdiction must be clearly distinguished from treaty-based obligations to extradite or prosecute, other forms of extraterritorial jurisdiction, and the jurisdiction of international criminal tribunals. They argued that conflating these concepts creates legal confusion and distorts state practice."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":4313.21,"end":4313.37},{"text":"obliges","start":4313.37,"end":4314.33},{"text":"states","start":4314.33,"end":4314.89},{"text":"to","start":4314.89,"end":4315.13},{"text":"extradite","start":4315.13,"end":4315.85},{"text":"or","start":4315.85,"end":4316.13},{"text":"try","start":4316.13,"end":4316.65},{"text":"those","start":4316.65,"end":4316.97},{"text":"responsible","start":4316.97,"end":4317.85},{"text":"for","start":4317.85,"end":4318.13},{"text":"the","start":4318.13,"end":4318.25},{"text":"most","start":4318.25,"end":4318.57},{"text":"serious","start":4318.57,"end":4319.05},{"text":"crimes","start":4319.05,"end":4319.69},{"text":"as","start":4320.17,"end":4320.45},{"text":"an","start":4320.45,"end":4320.53},{"text":"expression","start":4320.53,"end":4321.21},{"text":"of","start":4321.21,"end":4321.45},{"text":"shared","start":4321.45,"end":4321.93},{"text":"responsibility","start":4321.93,"end":4323.21},{"text":"for","start":4323.21,"end":4323.65},{"text":"the","start":4323.69,"end":4323.93},{"text":"crimes","start":4323.93,"end":4324.33},{"text":"that","start":4324.33,"end":4324.45},{"text":"affect","start":4324.45,"end":4324.89},{"text":"all","start":4324.89,"end":4325.05},{"text":"of","start":4325.05,"end":4325.13},{"text":"mankind.","start":4325.13,"end":4325.93}]},{"text":"Three, Costa Rica welcomes the renewal of the mandate to continue the consideration of this topic through a working group that is open to all states at the next session of the sixth committee.","start":4326.57,"end":4340.09,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Three,","start":4326.57,"end":4327.05},{"text":"Costa","start":4327.29,"end":4327.69},{"text":"Rica","start":4327.69,"end":4328.01},{"text":"welcomes","start":4328.01,"end":4328.81},{"text":"the","start":4328.81,"end":4329.17},{"text":"renewal","start":4329.37,"end":4329.93},{"text":"of","start":4329.93,"end":4330.17},{"text":"the","start":4330.17,"end":4330.25},{"text":"mandate","start":4330.25,"end":4330.93},{"text":"to","start":4330.93,"end":4331.01},{"text":"continue","start":4331.01,"end":4331.77},{"text":"the","start":4331.77,"end":4331.85},{"text":"consideration","start":4331.85,"end":4332.69},{"text":"of","start":4332.69,"end":4332.81},{"text":"this","start":4332.81,"end":4333.13},{"text":"topic","start":4333.13,"end":4333.69},{"text":"through","start":4333.69,"end":4334.17},{"text":"a","start":4334.65,"end":4334.73},{"text":"working","start":4335.37,"end":4335.93},{"text":"group","start":4335.93,"end":4336.13},{"text":"that","start":4336.13,"end":4336.25},{"text":"is","start":4336.25,"end":4336.41},{"text":"open","start":4336.41,"end":4336.73},{"text":"to","start":4336.73,"end":4336.93},{"text":"all","start":4336.93,"end":4337.13},{"text":"states","start":4337.13,"end":4337.61},{"text":"at","start":4337.61,"end":4337.85},{"text":"the","start":4337.85,"end":4337.97},{"text":"next","start":4337.97,"end":4338.49},{"text":"session","start":4338.49,"end":4338.97},{"text":"of","start":4338.97,"end":4339.09},{"text":"the","start":4339.09,"end":4339.21},{"text":"sixth","start":4339.21,"end":4339.53},{"text":"committee.","start":4339.53,"end":4340.09}]},{"text":"as was decided in resolution 19177.","start":4340.89,"end":4346.17,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"as","start":4340.89,"end":4341.05},{"text":"was","start":4341.05,"end":4341.21},{"text":"decided","start":4341.21,"end":4341.77},{"text":"in","start":4341.77,"end":4342.09},{"text":"resolution","start":4342.33,"end":4343.37},{"text":"19177.","start":4343.69,"end":4346.17}]},{"text":"We recall that that resolution decided that the next edition of the working group would discuss the following question, how is the principle of universal jurisdiction different from other related concepts?","start":4346.17,"end":4363.05,"topics":[{"key":"distinction-from-other-bases","label":"Distinction From Other Jurisdictional Bases","description":"Several speakers insisted that universal jurisdiction must be clearly distinguished from treaty-based obligations to extradite or prosecute, other forms of extraterritorial jurisdiction, and the jurisdiction of international criminal tribunals. They argued that conflating these concepts creates legal confusion and distorts state practice."},{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4346.17,"end":4346.41},{"text":"recall","start":4346.41,"end":4346.81},{"text":"that","start":4346.81,"end":4347.05},{"text":"that","start":4347.05,"end":4347.29},{"text":"resolution","start":4347.29,"end":4348.17},{"text":"decided","start":4349.41,"end":4350.33},{"text":"that","start":4352.01,"end":4352.25},{"text":"the","start":4352.25,"end":4352.33},{"text":"next","start":4352.33,"end":4352.73},{"text":"edition","start":4352.73,"end":4353.21},{"text":"of","start":4353.21,"end":4353.37},{"text":"the","start":4353.37,"end":4353.49},{"text":"working","start":4353.49,"end":4353.85},{"text":"group","start":4353.85,"end":4354.13},{"text":"would","start":4354.13,"end":4354.29},{"text":"discuss","start":4354.29,"end":4354.65},{"text":"the","start":4354.65,"end":4354.77},{"text":"following","start":4354.77,"end":4355.37},{"text":"question,","start":4355.37,"end":4356.01},{"text":"how","start":4357.37,"end":4357.77},{"text":"is","start":4357.77,"end":4358.25},{"text":"the","start":4358.25,"end":4358.41},{"text":"principle","start":4358.41,"end":4359.13},{"text":"of","start":4359.13,"end":4359.21},{"text":"universal","start":4359.21,"end":4359.73},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":4359.73,"end":4360.57},{"text":"different","start":4360.89,"end":4361.37},{"text":"from","start":4361.37,"end":4361.61},{"text":"other","start":4361.69,"end":4361.97},{"text":"related","start":4361.97,"end":4362.33},{"text":"concepts?","start":4362.33,"end":4363.05}]},{"text":"This reflection on the distinction of universal jurisdiction when compared to other similar concepts, will be a valuable opportunity to continue to forge a better collective understanding of this crucial principle.","start":4363.37,"end":4379.29,"topics":[{"key":"distinction-from-other-bases","label":"Distinction From Other Jurisdictional Bases","description":"Several speakers insisted that universal jurisdiction must be clearly distinguished from treaty-based obligations to extradite or prosecute, other forms of extraterritorial jurisdiction, and the jurisdiction of international criminal tribunals. They argued that conflating these concepts creates legal confusion and distorts state practice."},{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":4363.37,"end":4363.77},{"text":"reflection","start":4363.77,"end":4364.45},{"text":"on","start":4364.45,"end":4364.57},{"text":"the","start":4364.57,"end":4364.69},{"text":"distinction","start":4364.69,"end":4365.29},{"text":"of","start":4365.29,"end":4365.37},{"text":"universal","start":4365.37,"end":4365.93},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":4365.93,"end":4366.81},{"text":"when","start":4368.37,"end":4368.53},{"text":"compared","start":4368.53,"end":4368.97},{"text":"to","start":4368.97,"end":4369.21},{"text":"other","start":4369.29,"end":4369.69},{"text":"similar","start":4369.69,"end":4370.17},{"text":"concepts,","start":4370.17,"end":4370.89},{"text":"will","start":4370.89,"end":4371.13},{"text":"be","start":4371.13,"end":4371.41},{"text":"a","start":4371.41,"end":4371.45},{"text":"valuable","start":4371.45,"end":4372.05},{"text":"opportunity","start":4372.05,"end":4372.73},{"text":"to","start":4372.73,"end":4372.89},{"text":"continue","start":4372.89,"end":4374.17},{"text":"to","start":4374.17,"end":4374.25},{"text":"forge","start":4374.25,"end":4374.73},{"text":"a","start":4374.73,"end":4374.77},{"text":"better","start":4374.89,"end":4375.45},{"text":"collective","start":4376.25,"end":4376.73},{"text":"understanding","start":4376.73,"end":4377.41},{"text":"of","start":4377.41,"end":4377.53},{"text":"this","start":4377.53,"end":4377.85},{"text":"crucial","start":4377.85,"end":4378.57},{"text":"principle.","start":4378.69,"end":4379.29}]},{"text":"The working group represents a valuable opportunity for technical juridical discussion.","start":4379.77,"end":4386.17,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":4379.77,"end":4379.93},{"text":"working","start":4379.93,"end":4380.45},{"text":"group","start":4380.45,"end":4380.81},{"text":"represents","start":4380.81,"end":4381.57},{"text":"a","start":4381.57,"end":4381.61},{"text":"valuable","start":4381.69,"end":4382.65},{"text":"opportunity","start":4382.65,"end":4383.53},{"text":"for","start":4383.53,"end":4383.77},{"text":"technical","start":4383.77,"end":4384.49},{"text":"juridical","start":4384.49,"end":4385.37},{"text":"discussion.","start":4385.37,"end":4386.17}]},{"text":"We encourage all States to participate actively therein.","start":4386.17,"end":4390.01,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4386.17,"end":4386.37},{"text":"encourage","start":4386.37,"end":4386.97},{"text":"all","start":4386.97,"end":4387.29},{"text":"States","start":4387.29,"end":4387.69},{"text":"to","start":4387.69,"end":4387.85},{"text":"participate","start":4387.85,"end":4388.57},{"text":"actively","start":4388.57,"end":4389.37},{"text":"therein.","start":4389.37,"end":4390.01}]},{"text":"Because only through a constructive exchange of views and substantive participation of delegations will it be possible to move towards a clearer, more consistent and more legitimate understanding of this legal principle.","start":4390.97,"end":4404.61,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"Because","start":4390.97,"end":4391.33},{"text":"only","start":4391.33,"end":4391.73},{"text":"through","start":4391.73,"end":4392.29},{"text":"a","start":4392.33,"end":4392.37},{"text":"constructive","start":4392.37,"end":4393.25},{"text":"exchange","start":4393.25,"end":4393.89},{"text":"of","start":4393.89,"end":4394.05},{"text":"views","start":4394.05,"end":4394.53},{"text":"and","start":4394.53,"end":4394.69},{"text":"substantive","start":4394.69,"end":4395.33},{"text":"participation","start":4395.33,"end":4396.09},{"text":"of","start":4396.09,"end":4396.17},{"text":"delegations","start":4396.17,"end":4396.93},{"text":"will","start":4396.93,"end":4397.13},{"text":"it","start":4397.13,"end":4397.21},{"text":"be","start":4397.21,"end":4397.33},{"text":"possible","start":4397.33,"end":4398.05},{"text":"to","start":4398.05,"end":4398.21},{"text":"move","start":4398.21,"end":4398.57},{"text":"towards","start":4398.57,"end":4399.05},{"text":"a","start":4399.05,"end":4399.09},{"text":"clearer,","start":4399.09,"end":4399.81},{"text":"more","start":4400.13,"end":4400.41},{"text":"consistent","start":4400.41,"end":4401.25},{"text":"and","start":4401.25,"end":4401.37},{"text":"more","start":4401.37,"end":4401.53},{"text":"legitimate","start":4401.53,"end":4402.09},{"text":"understanding","start":4402.09,"end":4402.85},{"text":"of","start":4402.85,"end":4403.09},{"text":"this","start":4403.09,"end":4403.41},{"text":"legal","start":4403.49,"end":4403.97},{"text":"principle.","start":4403.97,"end":4404.61}]},{"text":"Chair, to conclude, we reiterate our commitment to a rules-based international order based on the primacy of law, universal jurisdiction that is applied prudently and with legal rigor represents a specific representative representation that no crime should go unpunished and no victim is on their own.","start":4406.69,"end":4430.45,"topics":[{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."},{"key":"procedural-safeguards","label":"Procedural Safeguards","description":"Many delegations called for procedural limits to ensure fair and disciplined use of universal jurisdiction. Frequently mentioned safeguards included the presence of the accused in the forum state, due process guarantees, prior consultation with concerned states, high-level prosecutorial review, and protection against duplicative 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now.","start":4435.13,"end":4437.53,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":4435.13,"end":4435.33},{"text":"representative","start":4435.33,"end":4436.17},{"text":"of","start":4436.17,"end":4436.25},{"text":"Algeria","start":4436.25,"end":4436.81},{"text":"has","start":4436.81,"end":4436.93},{"text":"the","start":4436.93,"end":4437.05},{"text":"floor","start":4437.05,"end":4437.29},{"text":"now.","start":4437.29,"end":4437.53}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"6th Committee","affiliation_full":"6th Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":36,"start":4443.69,"pageUrl":"/en/ga/c6/80/23?t=4444","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Mr. Chair.","start":4443.69,"end":4444.97,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":4443.69,"end":4444.01},{"text":"you,","start":4444.01,"end":4444.17},{"text":"Mr.","start":4444.33,"end":4444.65},{"text":"Chair.","start":4444.65,"end":4444.97}]},{"text":"My delegation aligns itself to the statement delivered by Iran on behalf of the non-aligned movement and Cameroon on behalf of the African group and would like to deliver this statement on its national 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would also like to thank the Secretary-General for his annual report contained in document A/80/274 on the scope and application of the principle of universal jurisdiction.","start":4465.97,"end":4481.57,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4465.97,"end":4466.17},{"text":"would","start":4466.17,"end":4466.37},{"text":"also","start":4466.37,"end":4466.61},{"text":"like","start":4466.61,"end":4466.85},{"text":"to","start":4466.85,"end":4467.09},{"text":"thank","start":4467.09,"end":4467.49},{"text":"the","start":4467.57,"end":4467.85},{"text":"Secretary-General","start":4467.85,"end":4469.01},{"text":"for","start":4469.01,"end":4469.25},{"text":"his","start":4469.25,"end":4469.49},{"text":"annual","start":4469.49,"end":4469.89},{"text":"report","start":4469.97,"end":4470.69},{"text":"contained","start":4470.69,"end":4471.17},{"text":"in","start":4471.17,"end":4471.25},{"text":"document","start":4471.25,"end":4472.41},{"text":"A/80/274","start":4472.41,"end":4474.77},{"text":"on","start":4476.37,"end":4476.77},{"text":"the","start":4477.17,"end":4477.37},{"text":"scope","start":4477.37,"end":4477.89},{"text":"and","start":4477.97,"end":4478.37},{"text":"application","start":4478.61,"end":4479.25},{"text":"of","start":4479.25,"end":4479.49},{"text":"the","start":4479.49,"end":4479.61},{"text":"principle","start":4479.61,"end":4480.05},{"text":"of","start":4480.05,"end":4480.21},{"text":"universal","start":4480.21,"end":4480.85},{"text":"jurisdiction.","start":4480.93,"end":4481.57}]},{"text":"The report contains the submissions from Member States according to resolution 79/127.","start":4481.73,"end":4490.77,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":4481.73,"end":4482.01},{"text":"report","start":4482.01,"end":4482.45},{"text":"contains","start":4482.45,"end":4483.17},{"text":"the","start":4483.17,"end":4483.33},{"text":"submissions","start":4483.33,"end":4483.97},{"text":"from","start":4483.97,"end":4484.21},{"text":"Member","start":4484.21,"end":4484.53},{"text":"States","start":4484.53,"end":4485.01},{"text":"according","start":4486.69,"end":4487.17},{"text":"to","start":4487.17,"end":4487.57},{"text":"resolution","start":4487.57,"end":4488.53},{"text":"79/127.","start":4488.61,"end":4490.77}]},{"text":"The report gives a useful and updated overview of the developments on this matter, which will enrich the discussions within the Sixth Committee of this principle.","start":4491.49,"end":4504.77,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":4491.49,"end":4491.53},{"text":"report","start":4491.53,"end":4492.13},{"text":"gives","start":4492.13,"end":4492.61},{"text":"a","start":4493.41,"end":4493.45},{"text":"useful","start":4493.45,"end":4493.97},{"text":"and","start":4493.97,"end":4494.21},{"text":"updated","start":4494.21,"end":4494.93},{"text":"overview","start":4495.17,"end":4495.81},{"text":"of","start":4495.81,"end":4496.13},{"text":"the","start":4496.13,"end":4496.29},{"text":"developments","start":4496.29,"end":4497.17},{"text":"on","start":4497.89,"end":4498.29},{"text":"this","start":4498.37,"end":4498.69},{"text":"matter,","start":4498.69,"end":4499.17},{"text":"which","start":4499.53,"end":4499.81},{"text":"will","start":4499.81,"end":4500.09},{"text":"enrich","start":4500.09,"end":4500.61},{"text":"the","start":4500.85,"end":4501.01},{"text":"discussions","start":4501.01,"end":4501.73},{"text":"within","start":4502.29,"end":4502.61},{"text":"the","start":4502.61,"end":4502.73},{"text":"Sixth","start":4502.73,"end":4503.09},{"text":"Committee","start":4503.09,"end":4503.73},{"text":"of","start":4503.97,"end":4504.13},{"text":"this","start":4504.13,"end":4504.33},{"text":"principle.","start":4504.33,"end":4504.77}]},{"text":"Mr. Chair, despite the intensive efforts and the extensive discussions that have taken place since this topic was included on the agenda of the General Assembly in its 63rd session, The international community remains unable to reach effective and practical steps to limit the misuse of the principle of universal jurisdiction or its application in a selective manner for narrow political interests.","start":4506.21,"end":4538.53,"topics":[{"key":"politicization-and-selective-use","label":"Politicization and Selective Use","description":"A widely shared concern was that universal jurisdiction can be abused for political, discriminatory, or selective purposes. Delegations warned against using domestic courts to target foreign officials or advance geopolitical agendas under the banner of justice."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":4506.21,"end":4506.53},{"text":"Chair,","start":4506.53,"end":4506.93},{"text":"despite","start":4508.45,"end":4509.09},{"text":"the","start":4509.09,"end":4509.21},{"text":"intensive","start":4509.21,"end":4509.73},{"text":"efforts","start":4509.73,"end":4510.29},{"text":"and","start":4510.53,"end":4510.73},{"text":"the","start":4510.73,"end":4510.81},{"text":"extensive","start":4510.81,"end":4511.37},{"text":"discussions","start":4511.37,"end":4512.21},{"text":"that","start":4513.01,"end":4513.25},{"text":"have","start":4513.25,"end":4513.41},{"text":"taken","start":4513.41,"end":4513.65},{"text":"place","start":4513.65,"end":4514.33},{"text":"since","start":4514.33,"end":4514.69},{"text":"this","start":4514.69,"end":4515.09},{"text":"topic","start":4515.41,"end":4515.89},{"text":"was","start":4515.89,"end":4516.21},{"text":"included","start":4516.21,"end":4516.77},{"text":"on","start":4516.77,"end":4516.93},{"text":"the","start":4516.93,"end":4517.01},{"text":"agenda","start":4517.01,"end":4517.41},{"text":"of","start":4517.41,"end":4517.73},{"text":"the","start":4517.73,"end":4517.97},{"text":"General","start":4517.97,"end":4518.45},{"text":"Assembly","start":4518.45,"end":4519.09},{"text":"in","start":4519.17,"end":4519.41},{"text":"its","start":4519.41,"end":4519.69},{"text":"63rd","start":4519.69,"end":4520.45},{"text":"session,","start":4520.45,"end":4520.93},{"text":"The","start":4522.61,"end":4522.81},{"text":"international","start":4522.81,"end":4523.37},{"text":"community","start":4523.37,"end":4523.89},{"text":"remains","start":4523.89,"end":4524.29},{"text":"unable","start":4524.29,"end":4524.77},{"text":"to","start":4524.77,"end":4525.33},{"text":"reach","start":4525.41,"end":4525.81},{"text":"effective","start":4525.81,"end":4526.37},{"text":"and","start":4526.37,"end":4526.53},{"text":"practical","start":4526.53,"end":4527.01},{"text":"steps","start":4527.01,"end":4527.49},{"text":"to","start":4527.65,"end":4527.85},{"text":"limit","start":4527.85,"end":4528.37},{"text":"the","start":4528.37,"end":4528.61},{"text":"misuse","start":4528.61,"end":4529.25},{"text":"of","start":4529.49,"end":4529.81},{"text":"the","start":4529.89,"end":4530.09},{"text":"principle","start":4530.13,"end":4530.69},{"text":"of","start":4530.69,"end":4530.93},{"text":"universal","start":4531.57,"end":4532.21},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":4532.29,"end":4532.93},{"text":"or","start":4533.49,"end":4533.81},{"text":"its","start":4533.81,"end":4534.13},{"text":"application","start":4534.13,"end":4534.77},{"text":"in","start":4534.77,"end":4535.09},{"text":"a","start":4535.09,"end":4535.17},{"text":"selective","start":4535.17,"end":4535.81},{"text":"manner","start":4535.81,"end":4536.21},{"text":"for","start":4536.21,"end":4536.61},{"text":"narrow","start":4536.61,"end":4537.41},{"text":"political","start":4537.49,"end":4537.97},{"text":"interests.","start":4537.97,"end":4538.53}]},{"text":"Thus far, the discussions have focused on defining convergences and divergences on the definition of the scope and application of the principle, without reaching a unified legal framework that regulates national practices in this area.","start":4539.33,"end":4556.53,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"Thus","start":4539.33,"end":4539.61},{"text":"far,","start":4539.61,"end":4539.97},{"text":"the","start":4540.93,"end":4541.09},{"text":"discussions","start":4541.09,"end":4541.97},{"text":"have","start":4541.97,"end":4542.37},{"text":"focused","start":4542.37,"end":4542.77},{"text":"on","start":4542.77,"end":4543.01},{"text":"defining","start":4543.01,"end":4543.65},{"text":"convergences","start":4543.65,"end":4544.45},{"text":"and","start":4544.45,"end":4544.65},{"text":"divergences","start":4544.65,"end":4545.49},{"text":"on","start":4545.49,"end":4545.81},{"text":"the","start":4545.81,"end":4545.97},{"text":"definition","start":4545.97,"end":4546.69},{"text":"of","start":4546.69,"end":4546.93},{"text":"the","start":4546.93,"end":4547.13},{"text":"scope","start":4547.13,"end":4547.57},{"text":"and","start":4547.65,"end":4548.05},{"text":"application","start":4548.05,"end":4548.69},{"text":"of","start":4548.69,"end":4548.85},{"text":"the","start":4548.85,"end":4548.97},{"text":"principle,","start":4548.97,"end":4549.41},{"text":"without","start":4550.13,"end":4550.57},{"text":"reaching","start":4550.57,"end":4551.21},{"text":"a","start":4551.37,"end":4551.41},{"text":"unified","start":4551.41,"end":4552.25},{"text":"legal","start":4552.25,"end":4552.57},{"text":"framework","start":4552.57,"end":4553.13},{"text":"that","start":4553.29,"end":4553.61},{"text":"regulates","start":4553.61,"end":4554.25},{"text":"national","start":4554.25,"end":4554.77},{"text":"practices","start":4554.77,"end":4555.45},{"text":"in","start":4555.53,"end":4555.93},{"text":"this","start":4555.93,"end":4556.17},{"text":"area.","start":4556.17,"end":4556.53}]},{"text":"This is mainly due to the divergence in practices among states and the absence of consensus on the concept of universal jurisdiction.","start":4559.85,"end":4570.25,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":4559.85,"end":4560.09},{"text":"is","start":4560.09,"end":4560.25},{"text":"mainly","start":4560.25,"end":4560.81},{"text":"due","start":4560.81,"end":4561.13},{"text":"to","start":4561.13,"end":4561.45},{"text":"the","start":4561.45,"end":4561.73},{"text":"divergence","start":4561.73,"end":4562.41},{"text":"in","start":4562.41,"end":4562.57},{"text":"practices","start":4562.57,"end":4563.13},{"text":"among","start":4563.13,"end":4563.45},{"text":"states","start":4563.45,"end":4563.93},{"text":"and","start":4564.57,"end":4565.05},{"text":"the","start":4565.05,"end":4565.25},{"text":"absence","start":4565.37,"end":4566.09},{"text":"of","start":4566.09,"end":4566.33},{"text":"consensus","start":4566.33,"end":4567.21},{"text":"on","start":4567.21,"end":4567.69},{"text":"the","start":4567.77,"end":4567.97},{"text":"concept","start":4568.01,"end":4568.53},{"text":"of","start":4568.53,"end":4568.73},{"text":"universal","start":4568.73,"end":4569.37},{"text":"jurisdiction.","start":4569.61,"end":4570.25}]},{"text":"Some states have sought to interpret and apply this principle according to their own domestic legislation and specific understandings, which at times contradict the principles established in the international law.","start":4570.89,"end":4585.25,"topics":[{"key":"sovereignty-and-immunities","label":"Sovereignty and Immunities","description":"Many statements emphasized that the exercise of universal jurisdiction must respect sovereign equality, non-interference, territorial integrity, and the immunities of state officials under international law. Several delegations warned that ignoring these principles would damage interstate relations and the legitimacy of the legal system."},{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"Some","start":4570.89,"end":4571.21},{"text":"states","start":4571.21,"end":4571.61},{"text":"have","start":4571.61,"end":4571.93},{"text":"sought","start":4571.93,"end":4572.53},{"text":"to","start":4572.53,"end":4572.61},{"text":"interpret","start":4572.61,"end":4573.21},{"text":"and","start":4573.21,"end":4573.45},{"text":"apply","start":4573.45,"end":4574.17},{"text":"this","start":4574.49,"end":4574.97},{"text":"principle","start":4574.97,"end":4575.53},{"text":"according","start":4576.25,"end":4576.65},{"text":"to","start":4576.65,"end":4576.89},{"text":"their","start":4576.89,"end":4577.13},{"text":"own","start":4577.13,"end":4577.37},{"text":"domestic","start":4577.37,"end":4577.81},{"text":"legislation","start":4577.81,"end":4578.49},{"text":"and","start":4578.49,"end":4578.65},{"text":"specific","start":4578.65,"end":4579.13},{"text":"understandings,","start":4579.13,"end":4580.01},{"text":"which","start":4580.85,"end":4581.13},{"text":"at","start":4581.13,"end":4581.33},{"text":"times","start":4581.33,"end":4581.69},{"text":"contradict","start":4581.69,"end":4582.33},{"text":"the","start":4582.65,"end":4582.85},{"text":"principles","start":4582.85,"end":4583.53},{"text":"established","start":4583.61,"end":4584.17},{"text":"in","start":4584.17,"end":4584.29},{"text":"the","start":4584.29,"end":4584.37},{"text":"international","start":4584.37,"end":4585.17},{"text":"law.","start":4585.17,"end":4585.25}]},{"text":"In this context, Algeria recalls what the judges of the International Court of Justice affirmed in the case between the DRC and Belgium in relation to the arrest warrant.","start":4586.01,"end":4598.49,"topics":[{"key":"sovereignty-and-immunities","label":"Sovereignty and Immunities","description":"Many statements emphasized that the exercise of universal jurisdiction must respect sovereign equality, non-interference, territorial integrity, and the immunities of state officials under international law. Several delegations warned that ignoring these principles would damage interstate relations and the legitimacy of the legal system."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":4586.01,"end":4586.17},{"text":"this","start":4586.17,"end":4586.41},{"text":"context,","start":4586.41,"end":4586.97},{"text":"Algeria","start":4586.97,"end":4587.61},{"text":"recalls","start":4587.61,"end":4588.33},{"text":"what","start":4588.41,"end":4588.81},{"text":"the","start":4588.81,"end":4589.05},{"text":"judges","start":4589.05,"end":4589.61},{"text":"of","start":4589.61,"end":4589.85},{"text":"the","start":4590.01,"end":4590.21},{"text":"International","start":4590.25,"end":4590.85},{"text":"Court","start":4590.85,"end":4591.09},{"text":"of","start":4591.09,"end":4591.21},{"text":"Justice","start":4591.21,"end":4591.61},{"text":"affirmed","start":4591.61,"end":4592.33},{"text":"in","start":4592.41,"end":4592.65},{"text":"the","start":4592.65,"end":4592.93},{"text":"case","start":4592.93,"end":4593.45},{"text":"between","start":4594.25,"end":4594.73},{"text":"the","start":4594.73,"end":4594.93},{"text":"DRC","start":4595.05,"end":4595.69},{"text":"and","start":4595.69,"end":4595.93},{"text":"Belgium","start":4595.93,"end":4596.33},{"text":"in","start":4597.05,"end":4597.21},{"text":"relation","start":4597.21,"end":4597.61},{"text":"to","start":4597.61,"end":4597.69},{"text":"the","start":4597.69,"end":4597.81},{"text":"arrest","start":4597.81,"end":4598.09},{"text":"warrant.","start":4598.09,"end":4598.49}]},{"text":"They affirmed that the application of this jurisdiction must be consistent with international law.","start":4598.57,"end":4604.41,"topics":[{"key":"sovereignty-and-immunities","label":"Sovereignty and Immunities","description":"Many statements emphasized that the exercise of universal jurisdiction must respect sovereign equality, non-interference, territorial integrity, and the immunities of state officials under international law. Several delegations warned that ignoring these principles would damage interstate relations and the legitimacy of the legal system."}],"words":[{"text":"They","start":4598.57,"end":4599.13},{"text":"affirmed","start":4599.21,"end":4599.77},{"text":"that","start":4599.93,"end":4600.41},{"text":"the","start":4600.41,"end":4600.61},{"text":"application","start":4600.65,"end":4601.29},{"text":"of","start":4601.29,"end":4601.45},{"text":"this","start":4601.45,"end":4601.77},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":4601.77,"end":4602.49},{"text":"must","start":4602.49,"end":4602.73},{"text":"be","start":4602.73,"end":4602.81},{"text":"consistent","start":4602.81,"end":4603.45},{"text":"with","start":4603.45,"end":4603.61},{"text":"international","start":4603.61,"end":4604.33},{"text":"law.","start":4604.33,"end":4604.41}]},{"text":"Also, a study published by the African Union on the topic noted that the scope of universal jurisdiction has not yet been clearly defined at the level of the United Nations and that state practices in this regard remain limited.","start":4605.41,"end":4621.37,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"Also,","start":4605.41,"end":4605.65},{"text":"a","start":4605.65,"end":4605.69},{"text":"study","start":4605.69,"end":4606.25},{"text":"published","start":4606.57,"end":4607.13},{"text":"by","start":4607.13,"end":4607.29},{"text":"the","start":4607.29,"end":4607.41},{"text":"African","start":4607.41,"end":4607.77},{"text":"Union","start":4607.77,"end":4608.33},{"text":"on","start":4609.93,"end":4610.09},{"text":"the","start":4610.09,"end":4610.17},{"text":"topic","start":4610.17,"end":4610.57},{"text":"noted","start":4610.57,"end":4611.13},{"text":"that","start":4611.21,"end":4611.53},{"text":"the","start":4611.53,"end":4611.73},{"text":"scope","start":4611.73,"end":4612.17},{"text":"of","start":4612.17,"end":4612.33},{"text":"universal","start":4612.33,"end":4613.61},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":4613.61,"end":4614.25},{"text":"has","start":4614.25,"end":4614.37},{"text":"not","start":4614.37,"end":4614.65},{"text":"yet","start":4614.89,"end":4615.29},{"text":"been","start":4615.29,"end":4615.61},{"text":"clearly","start":4615.61,"end":4616.09},{"text":"defined","start":4616.09,"end":4616.57},{"text":"at","start":4616.57,"end":4616.65},{"text":"the","start":4616.65,"end":4616.77},{"text":"level","start":4616.77,"end":4617.05},{"text":"of","start":4617.05,"end":4617.13},{"text":"the","start":4617.13,"end":4617.21},{"text":"United","start":4617.21,"end":4617.49},{"text":"Nations","start":4617.49,"end":4617.93},{"text":"and","start":4618.17,"end":4618.41},{"text":"that","start":4618.41,"end":4618.57},{"text":"state","start":4618.57,"end":4618.85},{"text":"practices","start":4618.85,"end":4619.45},{"text":"in","start":4619.45,"end":4619.61},{"text":"this","start":4619.61,"end":4619.85},{"text":"regard","start":4619.85,"end":4620.33},{"text":"remain","start":4620.33,"end":4620.81},{"text":"limited.","start":4620.81,"end":4621.37}]},{"text":"In the absence of clear legal standards defining the nature of crimes that may fall under universal jurisdiction, Algeria calls for a balanced, comprehensive and impartial approach based on the fundamental principles of international law, international humanitarian law and the UN Charter, particularly the principles of good faith in international relations, sovereign equality among states and respect for the immunity of state officials and non-interference in internal affairs.","start":4623.77,"end":4655.77,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."},{"key":"sovereignty-and-immunities","label":"Sovereignty and Immunities","description":"Many statements emphasized that the exercise of universal jurisdiction must respect sovereign equality, non-interference, territorial integrity, and the immunities of state officials under international law. Several delegations warned that ignoring these principles would damage interstate relations and the legitimacy of the legal system."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":4623.77,"end":4623.93},{"text":"the","start":4623.93,"end":4624.05},{"text":"absence","start":4624.05,"end":4624.49},{"text":"of","start":4624.49,"end":4624.73},{"text":"clear","start":4624.73,"end":4625.29},{"text":"legal","start":4625.29,"end":4625.93},{"text":"standards","start":4625.93,"end":4626.73},{"text":"defining","start":4626.97,"end":4627.69},{"text":"the","start":4627.85,"end":4628.05},{"text":"nature","start":4628.05,"end":4628.65},{"text":"of","start":4628.65,"end":4628.89},{"text":"crimes","start":4628.89,"end":4629.37},{"text":"that","start":4629.37,"end":4629.61},{"text":"may","start":4629.61,"end":4629.85},{"text":"fall","start":4629.85,"end":4630.25},{"text":"under","start":4630.33,"end":4630.73},{"text":"universal","start":4630.73,"end":4631.45},{"text":"jurisdiction,","start":4631.45,"end":4632.09},{"text":"Algeria","start":4632.73,"end":4633.45},{"text":"calls","start":4633.45,"end":4633.93},{"text":"for","start":4633.93,"end":4634.37},{"text":"a","start":4634.37,"end":4634.41},{"text":"balanced,","start":4634.41,"end":4635.05},{"text":"comprehensive","start":4635.45,"end":4636.25},{"text":"and","start":4636.33,"end":4636.65},{"text":"impartial","start":4636.65,"end":4637.17},{"text":"approach","start":4637.17,"end":4637.61},{"text":"based","start":4638.65,"end":4639.13},{"text":"on","start":4639.13,"end":4639.45},{"text":"the","start":4639.45,"end":4639.85},{"text":"fundamental","start":4639.85,"end":4640.45},{"text":"principles","start":4640.45,"end":4641.13},{"text":"of","start":4641.21,"end":4641.45},{"text":"international","start":4641.45,"end":4642.37},{"text":"law,","start":4642.37,"end":4642.45},{"text":"international","start":4642.49,"end":4643.09},{"text":"humanitarian","start":4643.09,"end":4643.77},{"text":"law","start":4643.77,"end":4643.93},{"text":"and","start":4643.93,"end":4644.13},{"text":"the","start":4644.13,"end":4644.21},{"text":"UN","start":4644.21,"end":4644.41},{"text":"Charter,","start":4644.41,"end":4644.89},{"text":"particularly","start":4645.37,"end":4646.09},{"text":"the","start":4646.09,"end":4646.25},{"text":"principles","start":4646.25,"end":4647.05},{"text":"of","start":4647.05,"end":4647.29},{"text":"good","start":4647.29,"end":4647.53},{"text":"faith","start":4647.53,"end":4647.77},{"text":"in","start":4647.77,"end":4647.97},{"text":"international","start":4647.97,"end":4648.53},{"text":"relations,","start":4648.53,"end":4649.13},{"text":"sovereign","start":4649.29,"end":4649.73},{"text":"equality","start":4649.73,"end":4650.17},{"text":"among","start":4650.17,"end":4650.41},{"text":"states","start":4650.41,"end":4650.89},{"text":"and","start":4650.89,"end":4651.13},{"text":"respect","start":4651.13,"end":4651.53},{"text":"for","start":4651.53,"end":4651.77},{"text":"the","start":4651.77,"end":4651.89},{"text":"immunity","start":4651.89,"end":4652.33},{"text":"of","start":4652.33,"end":4652.53},{"text":"state","start":4652.53,"end":4652.73},{"text":"officials","start":4652.73,"end":4653.37},{"text":"and","start":4653.61,"end":4653.85},{"text":"non-interference","start":4653.85,"end":4654.81},{"text":"in","start":4654.81,"end":4654.97},{"text":"internal","start":4654.97,"end":4655.37},{"text":"affairs.","start":4655.37,"end":4655.77}]},{"text":"Algeria believes that universal jurisdiction should not apply to all international crimes, but rather to a limited category of the most serious crimes that shock the conscience of humanity at large and are universally recognized by the international community as crimes warranting the application of such jurisdiction, such as war crimes and crimes of genocide.","start":4656.65,"end":4688.77,"topics":[{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."}],"words":[{"text":"Algeria","start":4656.65,"end":4657.17},{"text":"believes","start":4657.17,"end":4657.61},{"text":"that","start":4657.61,"end":4657.89},{"text":"universal","start":4657.89,"end":4658.57},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":4658.57,"end":4659.29},{"text":"should","start":4659.29,"end":4659.61},{"text":"not","start":4659.61,"end":4660.01},{"text":"apply","start":4660.17,"end":4660.81},{"text":"to","start":4660.81,"end":4661.17},{"text":"all","start":4661.17,"end":4661.37},{"text":"international","start":4661.37,"end":4662.01},{"text":"crimes,","start":4662.01,"end":4662.49},{"text":"but","start":4662.81,"end":4663.29},{"text":"rather","start":4663.37,"end":4663.93},{"text":"to","start":4664.45,"end":4664.53},{"text":"a","start":4664.57,"end":4664.61},{"text":"limited","start":4664.85,"end":4665.41},{"text":"category","start":4665.49,"end":4666.13},{"text":"of","start":4666.13,"end":4666.45},{"text":"the","start":4666.45,"end":4666.73},{"text":"most","start":4666.73,"end":4667.25},{"text":"serious","start":4667.25,"end":4667.89},{"text":"crimes","start":4667.89,"end":4668.45},{"text":"that","start":4669.89,"end":4670.29},{"text":"shock","start":4670.29,"end":4670.85},{"text":"the","start":4670.93,"end":4671.17},{"text":"conscience","start":4671.17,"end":4671.89},{"text":"of","start":4671.97,"end":4672.29},{"text":"humanity","start":4672.45,"end":4673.17},{"text":"at","start":4673.17,"end":4673.33},{"text":"large","start":4673.33,"end":4673.73},{"text":"and","start":4674.85,"end":4675.17},{"text":"are","start":4675.17,"end":4675.41},{"text":"universally","start":4675.41,"end":4676.29},{"text":"recognized","start":4676.45,"end":4677.33},{"text":"by","start":4677.41,"end":4677.65},{"text":"the","start":4677.65,"end":4677.73},{"text":"international","start":4677.73,"end":4678.25},{"text":"community","start":4678.25,"end":4678.85},{"text":"as","start":4678.85,"end":4679.17},{"text":"crimes","start":4679.17,"end":4679.73},{"text":"warranting","start":4679.73,"end":4680.45},{"text":"the","start":4680.45,"end":4680.65},{"text":"application","start":4680.65,"end":4681.33},{"text":"of","start":4681.33,"end":4681.57},{"text":"such","start":4681.57,"end":4682.13},{"text":"jurisdiction,","start":4682.37,"end":4683.09},{"text":"such","start":4683.33,"end":4683.65},{"text":"as","start":4683.65,"end":4683.89},{"text":"war","start":4683.89,"end":4684.13},{"text":"crimes","start":4684.13,"end":4684.61},{"text":"and","start":4684.61,"end":4684.93},{"text":"crimes","start":4687.73,"end":4688.09},{"text":"of","start":4688.09,"end":4688.21},{"text":"genocide.","start":4688.21,"end":4688.77}]},{"text":"Algeria also emphasizes that universal jurisdiction is complementary to and not substitute for national jurisdiction.","start":4689.97,"end":4697.49,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiarity-and-last-resort","label":"Subsidiarity and Last Resort","description":"Numerous speakers argued that universal jurisdiction should be secondary to territorial, nationality-based, or other closer jurisdictional links. In this view, it should be used only when the state with primary jurisdiction is unwilling or unable genuinely to investigate and prosecute."}],"words":[{"text":"Algeria","start":4689.97,"end":4690.53},{"text":"also","start":4690.53,"end":4691.01},{"text":"emphasizes","start":4691.09,"end":4691.89},{"text":"that","start":4691.89,"end":4692.21},{"text":"universal","start":4692.21,"end":4692.77},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":4692.77,"end":4693.41},{"text":"is","start":4693.41,"end":4693.65},{"text":"complementary","start":4693.65,"end":4694.45},{"text":"to","start":4694.45,"end":4694.77},{"text":"and","start":4694.77,"end":4694.93},{"text":"not","start":4694.93,"end":4695.17},{"text":"substitute","start":4695.17,"end":4695.97},{"text":"for","start":4695.97,"end":4696.29},{"text":"national","start":4696.29,"end":4696.77},{"text":"jurisdiction.","start":4696.77,"end":4697.49}]},{"text":"The primary responsibility for investigation and prosecution lies with the state where the crime was committed or the state of nationality of the perpetrator or the victim.","start":4697.89,"end":4711.01,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiarity-and-last-resort","label":"Subsidiarity and Last Resort","description":"Numerous speakers argued that universal jurisdiction should be secondary to territorial, nationality-based, or other closer jurisdictional links. In this view, it should be used only when the state with primary jurisdiction is unwilling or unable genuinely to investigate and prosecute."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":4697.89,"end":4698.09},{"text":"primary","start":4698.09,"end":4698.69},{"text":"responsibility","start":4698.69,"end":4699.73},{"text":"for","start":4699.81,"end":4700.21},{"text":"investigation","start":4700.21,"end":4701.09},{"text":"and","start":4701.09,"end":4701.41},{"text":"prosecution","start":4701.41,"end":4702.13},{"text":"lies","start":4702.13,"end":4702.93},{"text":"with","start":4702.93,"end":4703.25},{"text":"the","start":4703.25,"end":4703.33},{"text":"state","start":4703.33,"end":4703.77},{"text":"where","start":4703.77,"end":4704.13},{"text":"the","start":4704.21,"end":4704.33},{"text":"crime","start":4704.33,"end":4704.77},{"text":"was","start":4704.77,"end":4705.01},{"text":"committed","start":4705.01,"end":4705.49},{"text":"or","start":4706.05,"end":4706.45},{"text":"the","start":4706.69,"end":4706.97},{"text":"state","start":4706.97,"end":4707.41},{"text":"of","start":4707.41,"end":4707.57},{"text":"nationality","start":4707.57,"end":4708.37},{"text":"of","start":4708.45,"end":4708.61},{"text":"the","start":4708.61,"end":4708.85},{"text":"perpetrator","start":4708.85,"end":4709.73},{"text":"or","start":4709.73,"end":4710.21},{"text":"the","start":4710.37,"end":4710.57},{"text":"victim.","start":4710.57,"end":4711.01}]},{"text":"Resorting to universal jurisdiction should only occur as a last resort, as an exception, when the State concerned is proven to be unwilling or unable to initiate genuine judicial proceedings against the perpetrators.","start":4712.13,"end":4729.85,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiarity-and-last-resort","label":"Subsidiarity and Last Resort","description":"Numerous speakers argued that universal jurisdiction should be secondary to territorial, nationality-based, or other closer jurisdictional links. In this view, it should be used only when the state with primary jurisdiction is unwilling or unable genuinely to investigate and prosecute."}],"words":[{"text":"Resorting","start":4712.13,"end":4712.65},{"text":"to","start":4712.65,"end":4712.97},{"text":"universal","start":4712.97,"end":4713.69},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":4713.69,"end":4714.41},{"text":"should","start":4714.41,"end":4714.73},{"text":"only","start":4714.73,"end":4715.13},{"text":"occur","start":4715.13,"end":4715.69},{"text":"as","start":4715.85,"end":4716.37},{"text":"a","start":4716.37,"end":4716.41},{"text":"last","start":4716.41,"end":4716.73},{"text":"resort,","start":4716.73,"end":4717.13},{"text":"as","start":4717.13,"end":4717.37},{"text":"an","start":4717.37,"end":4717.45},{"text":"exception,","start":4717.45,"end":4718.09},{"text":"when","start":4718.37,"end":4718.97},{"text":"the","start":4719.05,"end":4719.33},{"text":"State","start":4721.29,"end":4721.65},{"text":"concerned","start":4721.65,"end":4722.33},{"text":"is","start":4722.81,"end":4723.05},{"text":"proven","start":4723.05,"end":4723.45},{"text":"to","start":4723.45,"end":4723.69},{"text":"be","start":4723.69,"end":4723.85},{"text":"unwilling","start":4723.85,"end":4724.49},{"text":"or","start":4724.49,"end":4724.77},{"text":"unable","start":4724.77,"end":4725.37},{"text":"to","start":4725.37,"end":4725.61},{"text":"initiate","start":4725.61,"end":4726.25},{"text":"genuine","start":4726.25,"end":4726.89},{"text":"judicial","start":4726.89,"end":4727.45},{"text":"proceedings","start":4727.53,"end":4728.25},{"text":"against","start":4728.25,"end":4728.77},{"text":"the","start":4728.77,"end":4729.01},{"text":"perpetrators.","start":4729.01,"end":4729.85}]},{"text":"In conclusion, Mr. Chair, Algeria reaffirms and reiterates its commitment to the purposes and principles of the UN Charter, international law and the international system based on the rule of law and combating impunity.","start":4730.49,"end":4746.17,"topics":[{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":4730.49,"end":4730.65},{"text":"conclusion,","start":4730.65,"end":4731.29},{"text":"Mr.","start":4731.45,"end":4731.77},{"text":"Chair,","start":4731.77,"end":4732.09},{"text":"Algeria","start":4732.57,"end":4733.13},{"text":"reaffirms","start":4733.45,"end":4734.17},{"text":"and","start":4735.61,"end":4735.77},{"text":"reiterates","start":4735.77,"end":4736.33},{"text":"its","start":4736.33,"end":4736.53},{"text":"commitment","start":4736.53,"end":4737.17},{"text":"to","start":4737.17,"end":4737.29},{"text":"the","start":4737.29,"end":4737.45},{"text":"purposes","start":4737.45,"end":4737.93},{"text":"and","start":4737.93,"end":4738.05},{"text":"principles","start":4738.05,"end":4738.57},{"text":"of","start":4738.57,"end":4738.73},{"text":"the","start":4738.73,"end":4738.89},{"text":"UN","start":4738.89,"end":4739.21},{"text":"Charter,","start":4739.21,"end":4739.61},{"text":"international","start":4739.61,"end":4740.61},{"text":"law","start":4740.61,"end":4740.69},{"text":"and","start":4740.69,"end":4741.05},{"text":"the","start":4741.05,"end":4741.25},{"text":"international","start":4741.25,"end":4742.09},{"text":"system","start":4742.09,"end":4742.57},{"text":"based","start":4742.57,"end":4742.85},{"text":"on","start":4742.85,"end":4742.97},{"text":"the","start":4742.97,"end":4743.05},{"text":"rule","start":4743.05,"end":4743.25},{"text":"of","start":4743.25,"end":4743.33},{"text":"law","start":4743.33,"end":4743.65},{"text":"and","start":4744.01,"end":4744.49},{"text":"combating","start":4744.49,"end":4745.21},{"text":"impunity.","start":4745.21,"end":4746.17}]},{"text":"Algeria also calls on the working group concerned with this item to be cautious of politicizing the concept of universal jurisdiction and to continue constructive discussions aimed at reaching clear and objective legal standards that ensure broad consensus among Member States and uphold the principles of international justice within a framework that respects state sovereignty and equality.","start":4747.77,"end":4775.49,"topics":[{"key":"politicization-and-selective-use","label":"Politicization and Selective Use","description":"A widely shared concern was that universal jurisdiction can be abused for political, discriminatory, or selective purposes. Delegations warned against using domestic courts to target foreign officials or advance geopolitical agendas under the banner of justice."},{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."},{"key":"sovereignty-and-immunities","label":"Sovereignty and Immunities","description":"Many statements emphasized that the exercise of universal jurisdiction must respect sovereign equality, non-interference, territorial integrity, and the immunities of state officials under international law. Several delegations warned that ignoring these principles would damage interstate relations and the legitimacy of the legal system."}],"words":[{"text":"Algeria","start":4747.77,"end":4748.21},{"text":"also","start":4748.21,"end":4748.49},{"text":"calls","start":4748.49,"end":4749.05},{"text":"on","start":4749.05,"end":4749.13},{"text":"the","start":4749.13,"end":4749.25},{"text":"working","start":4749.25,"end":4749.49},{"text":"group","start":4749.49,"end":4749.69},{"text":"concerned","start":4749.69,"end":4750.17},{"text":"with","start":4750.17,"end":4750.37},{"text":"this","start":4750.37,"end":4750.73},{"text":"item","start":4750.89,"end":4751.37},{"text":"to","start":4751.77,"end":4751.89},{"text":"be","start":4751.89,"end":4752.09},{"text":"cautious","start":4752.09,"end":4752.73},{"text":"of","start":4752.73,"end":4752.97},{"text":"politicizing","start":4753.05,"end":4754.01},{"text":"the","start":4754.01,"end":4754.21},{"text":"concept","start":4754.21,"end":4754.69},{"text":"of","start":4754.69,"end":4754.89},{"text":"universal","start":4755.21,"end":4755.93},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":4755.93,"end":4756.57},{"text":"and","start":4756.73,"end":4756.97},{"text":"to","start":4756.97,"end":4757.09},{"text":"continue","start":4757.09,"end":4757.61},{"text":"constructive","start":4757.61,"end":4758.33},{"text":"discussions","start":4758.33,"end":4759.05},{"text":"aimed","start":4759.53,"end":4759.85},{"text":"at","start":4759.85,"end":4760.17},{"text":"reaching","start":4760.17,"end":4760.65},{"text":"clear","start":4760.65,"end":4761.21},{"text":"and","start":4761.21,"end":4761.53},{"text":"objective","start":4762.89,"end":4763.61},{"text":"legal","start":4763.61,"end":4764.09},{"text":"standards","start":4764.09,"end":4764.81},{"text":"that","start":4765.33,"end":4765.53},{"text":"ensure","start":4765.53,"end":4765.97},{"text":"broad","start":4765.97,"end":4766.37},{"text":"consensus","start":4766.37,"end":4767.01},{"text":"among","start":4767.01,"end":4767.25},{"text":"Member","start":4767.25,"end":4767.57},{"text":"States","start":4767.57,"end":4768.05},{"text":"and","start":4768.13,"end":4768.45},{"text":"uphold","start":4768.45,"end":4769.01},{"text":"the","start":4769.01,"end":4769.21},{"text":"principles","start":4769.21,"end":4769.73},{"text":"of","start":4769.73,"end":4769.89},{"text":"international","start":4769.89,"end":4770.45},{"text":"justice","start":4770.45,"end":4770.93},{"text":"within","start":4771.33,"end":4771.89},{"text":"a","start":4772.05,"end":4772.09},{"text":"framework","start":4772.09,"end":4772.61},{"text":"that","start":4772.69,"end":4773.09},{"text":"respects","start":4773.09,"end":4773.65},{"text":"state","start":4773.73,"end":4774.21},{"text":"sovereignty","start":4774.21,"end":4774.77},{"text":"and","start":4774.77,"end":4775.01},{"text":"equality.","start":4775.01,"end":4775.49}]},{"text":"Thank you.","start":4775.69,"end":4776.01,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":4775.69,"end":4775.93},{"text":"you.","start":4775.93,"end":4776.01}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"DZA","affiliation_full":"Algeria","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":37,"start":4778.29,"pageUrl":"/en/ga/c6/80/23?t=4779","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you for your statement.","start":4778.29,"end":4779.89,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":4778.29,"end":4778.53},{"text":"you","start":4778.53,"end":4778.61},{"text":"for","start":4778.61,"end":4778.85},{"text":"your","start":4778.85,"end":4779.01},{"text":"statement.","start":4779.01,"end":4779.89}]},{"text":"And I'm now turning to the representative of Myanmar.","start":4779.89,"end":4782.77,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":4779.89,"end":4780.05},{"text":"I'm","start":4780.05,"end":4780.25},{"text":"now","start":4780.25,"end":4780.45},{"text":"turning","start":4780.45,"end":4780.93},{"text":"to","start":4780.93,"end":4781.05},{"text":"the","start":4781.05,"end":4781.13},{"text":"representative","start":4781.13,"end":4781.97},{"text":"of","start":4781.97,"end":4782.05},{"text":"Myanmar.","start":4782.05,"end":4782.77}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"6th Committee","affiliation_full":"6th Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":38,"start":4786.85,"pageUrl":"/en/ga/c6/80/23?t=4787","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Mr. Chair. Mr. Chair, my delegation wishes to commend the work of this committee for continuing discussions on the scope and applications of the principles of universal jurisdiction, which has generated both convergence and divergence views.","start":4786.85,"end":4803.05,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":4786.85,"end":4787.13},{"text":"you,","start":4787.13,"end":4787.29},{"text":"Mr.","start":4787.37,"end":4787.77},{"text":"Chair.","start":4787.77,"end":4788.17},{"text":"Mr.","start":4788.25,"end":4788.57},{"text":"Chair,","start":4788.57,"end":4788.89},{"text":"my","start":4788.89,"end":4789.21},{"text":"delegation","start":4789.21,"end":4789.93},{"text":"wishes","start":4789.93,"end":4790.73},{"text":"to","start":4790.73,"end":4790.97},{"text":"commend","start":4790.97,"end":4791.41},{"text":"the","start":4791.41,"end":4791.53},{"text":"work","start":4791.53,"end":4791.85},{"text":"of","start":4791.85,"end":4792.01},{"text":"this","start":4792.01,"end":4792.17},{"text":"committee","start":4792.17,"end":4792.81},{"text":"for","start":4793.13,"end":4793.37},{"text":"continuing","start":4793.37,"end":4794.01},{"text":"discussions","start":4794.01,"end":4794.73},{"text":"on","start":4794.73,"end":4794.89},{"text":"the","start":4794.89,"end":4794.97},{"text":"scope","start":4794.97,"end":4795.37},{"text":"and","start":4795.37,"end":4795.61},{"text":"applications","start":4795.61,"end":4796.41},{"text":"of","start":4796.41,"end":4796.53},{"text":"the","start":4796.53,"end":4796.65},{"text":"principles","start":4796.65,"end":4797.29},{"text":"of","start":4797.29,"end":4797.53},{"text":"universal","start":4797.53,"end":4798.09},{"text":"jurisdiction,","start":4798.09,"end":4798.89},{"text":"which","start":4799.37,"end":4799.69},{"text":"has","start":4799.69,"end":4799.93},{"text":"generated","start":4800.01,"end":4800.73},{"text":"both","start":4800.73,"end":4800.93},{"text":"convergence","start":4800.97,"end":4801.77},{"text":"and","start":4801.77,"end":4802.05},{"text":"divergence","start":4802.05,"end":4802.57},{"text":"views.","start":4802.57,"end":4803.05}]},{"text":"These principles continue to serve as an important means to advance accountability for heinous crimes, particularly in situation where affected domestic mechanisms are absent, or unable to deliver justice.","start":4803.77,"end":4818.21,"topics":[{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."},{"key":"subsidiarity-and-last-resort","label":"Subsidiarity and Last Resort","description":"Numerous speakers argued that universal jurisdiction should be secondary to territorial, nationality-based, or other closer jurisdictional links. In this view, it should be used only when the state with primary jurisdiction is unwilling or unable genuinely to investigate and prosecute."}],"words":[{"text":"These","start":4803.77,"end":4804.01},{"text":"principles","start":4804.01,"end":4804.57},{"text":"continue","start":4804.57,"end":4805.13},{"text":"to","start":4805.13,"end":4805.29},{"text":"serve","start":4805.29,"end":4805.69},{"text":"as","start":4806.09,"end":4806.29},{"text":"an","start":4806.29,"end":4806.41},{"text":"important","start":4806.41,"end":4806.97},{"text":"means","start":4806.97,"end":4807.29},{"text":"to","start":4807.29,"end":4807.45},{"text":"advance","start":4807.69,"end":4808.33},{"text":"accountability","start":4808.33,"end":4809.21},{"text":"for","start":4809.21,"end":4809.45},{"text":"heinous","start":4809.45,"end":4809.85},{"text":"crimes,","start":4809.85,"end":4810.33},{"text":"particularly","start":4810.33,"end":4811.05},{"text":"in","start":4811.05,"end":4811.21},{"text":"situation","start":4811.21,"end":4812.01},{"text":"where","start":4812.33,"end":4812.65},{"text":"affected","start":4812.65,"end":4813.33},{"text":"domestic","start":4813.33,"end":4813.85},{"text":"mechanisms","start":4813.85,"end":4814.65},{"text":"are","start":4814.65,"end":4814.81},{"text":"absent,","start":4814.81,"end":4815.33},{"text":"or","start":4816.13,"end":4816.25},{"text":"unable","start":4816.25,"end":4816.77},{"text":"to","start":4816.77,"end":4816.93},{"text":"deliver","start":4816.93,"end":4817.49},{"text":"justice.","start":4817.57,"end":4818.21}]},{"text":"In this context, universal jurisdictions embodies the conceptual idea that jurisdictions can extend beyond borders, reflecting the shared responsibility of the international community to uphold justice and prevent impunity.","start":4819.09,"end":4835.25,"topics":[{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. 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Delegations argued that stronger national capacity and better interstate cooperation are essential both to combat impunity and to reduce overreliance on universal jurisdiction."}],"words":[{"text":"When","start":4835.89,"end":4836.09},{"text":"applied","start":4836.09,"end":4836.45},{"text":"in","start":4836.45,"end":4836.65},{"text":"good","start":4836.65,"end":4836.89},{"text":"faith","start":4836.89,"end":4837.25},{"text":"and","start":4837.37,"end":4837.57},{"text":"consistent","start":4837.57,"end":4838.41},{"text":"with","start":4838.41,"end":4838.69},{"text":"international","start":4838.69,"end":4839.57},{"text":"law,","start":4839.57,"end":4839.65},{"text":"this","start":4840.01,"end":4840.25},{"text":"principle","start":4840.25,"end":4840.89},{"text":"reinforces","start":4840.97,"end":4841.85},{"text":"the","start":4841.85,"end":4842.09},{"text":"global","start":4842.09,"end":4842.45},{"text":"rule","start":4842.45,"end":4842.69},{"text":"of","start":4842.69,"end":4842.81},{"text":"law","start":4842.81,"end":4843.21},{"text":"and","start":4843.53,"end":4843.73},{"text":"embodies","start":4843.73,"end":4844.33},{"text":"the","start":4844.33,"end":4844.49},{"text":"spirit","start":4844.49,"end":4844.97},{"text":"of","start":4844.97,"end":4845.21},{"text":"cooperation","start":4845.21,"end":4845.93},{"text":"among","start":4845.93,"end":4846.17},{"text":"states","start":4846.17,"end":4846.65},{"text":"to","start":4847.05,"end":4847.17},{"text":"prosecute","start":4847.17,"end":4847.89},{"text":"the","start":4847.93,"end":4848.09},{"text":"most","start":4848.09,"end":4848.77},{"text":"serious","start":4848.77,"end":4849.13},{"text":"crimes","start":4849.13,"end":4849.53},{"text":"of","start":4849.53,"end":4849.61},{"text":"concern","start":4849.61,"end":4850.25},{"text":"to","start":4850.57,"end":4850.73},{"text":"the","start":4850.73,"end":4850.85},{"text":"international","start":4850.85,"end":4851.53},{"text":"community","start":4851.53,"end":4852.25},{"text":"as","start":4852.25,"end":4852.37},{"text":"a","start":4852.37,"end":4852.41},{"text":"whole.","start":4852.41,"end":4852.89}]},{"text":"Mr. Chair, the principles of universal jurisdiction is grounded in the understanding that certain crimes are so grave that they often the concerns of all humanity.","start":4853.69,"end":4865.13,"topics":[{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. 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It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":5054.61,"end":5054.73},{"text":"principles","start":5054.73,"end":5055.37},{"text":"of","start":5055.37,"end":5055.45},{"text":"universal","start":5055.49,"end":5056.01},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":5056.01,"end":5056.69},{"text":"provides","start":5056.69,"end":5057.33},{"text":"a","start":5057.41,"end":5057.45},{"text":"lawful","start":5057.45,"end":5057.97},{"text":"and","start":5058.37,"end":5058.53},{"text":"moral","start":5058.53,"end":5059.77},{"text":"avenue","start":5059.81,"end":5060.45},{"text":"to","start":5060.53,"end":5060.69},{"text":"ensure","start":5060.69,"end":5061.25},{"text":"that","start":5061.25,"end":5061.53},{"text":"those","start":5061.53,"end":5061.81},{"text":"responsible","start":5061.81,"end":5062.61},{"text":"for","start":5062.93,"end":5063.17},{"text":"the","start":5063.17,"end":5063.33},{"text":"most","start":5063.33,"end":5063.69},{"text":"serious","start":5063.69,"end":5064.05},{"text":"international","start":5064.05,"end":5064.61},{"text":"crimes","start":5064.61,"end":5065.09},{"text":"do","start":5065.57,"end":5065.73},{"text":"not","start":5065.73,"end":5066.05},{"text":"escape","start":5066.05,"end":5066.53},{"text":"accountability.","start":5067.57,"end":5068.53}]},{"text":"Mr. Chair, the National Unity Government of Myanmar recently submitted evidence to the Turkish court concerning the Basiji massacres which took place in April 2023 in Basiji village, Sagaing region, killing over 155 civilians, including women and children, and other atrocities committed by the military junta.","start":5069.01,"end":5091.97,"topics":[{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. 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It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."}],"words":[{"text":"If","start":5111.21,"end":5111.45},{"text":"crimes","start":5111.45,"end":5112.01},{"text":"are","start":5112.01,"end":5112.09},{"text":"left","start":5112.09,"end":5112.41},{"text":"ignored","start":5112.41,"end":5112.93},{"text":"and","start":5112.93,"end":5113.13},{"text":"unpunished,","start":5113.13,"end":5113.77},{"text":"perpetrators","start":5114.09,"end":5114.89},{"text":"will","start":5114.89,"end":5115.05},{"text":"only","start":5115.05,"end":5115.45},{"text":"be","start":5115.45,"end":5115.61},{"text":"emboldened","start":5115.61,"end":5116.29},{"text":"to","start":5116.41,"end":5116.57},{"text":"commit","start":5116.57,"end":5116.97},{"text":"further","start":5116.97,"end":5117.37},{"text":"atrocities.","start":5117.37,"end":5118.09}]},{"text":"The culture of impunity must end, and those responsible for crimes against humanity must be held to account through credible international justice mechanisms.","start":5118.57,"end":5129.53,"topics":[{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. 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It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":5129.97,"end":5130.05},{"text":"this","start":5130.05,"end":5130.29},{"text":"regard,","start":5130.29,"end":5130.65},{"text":"the","start":5131.01,"end":5131.13},{"text":"military","start":5131.13,"end":5131.49},{"text":"junta's","start":5131.49,"end":5131.97},{"text":"planned","start":5131.97,"end":5132.41},{"text":"sham","start":5132.49,"end":5132.69},{"text":"elections","start":5132.69,"end":5133.25},{"text":"will","start":5133.25,"end":5133.41},{"text":"assure","start":5133.41,"end":5133.97},{"text":"further","start":5134.29,"end":5134.61},{"text":"the","start":5134.61,"end":5134.77},{"text":"military","start":5134.77,"end":5135.25},{"text":"to","start":5135.25,"end":5135.49},{"text":"enjoy","start":5135.53,"end":5135.77},{"text":"added","start":5135.77,"end":5136.37},{"text":"culture","start":5136.37,"end":5137.13},{"text":"of","start":5137.13,"end":5137.25},{"text":"impunity","start":5137.25,"end":5137.97},{"text":"and","start":5138.37,"end":5138.57},{"text":"commit","start":5138.57,"end":5139.01},{"text":"more","start":5139.01,"end":5139.29},{"text":"heinous","start":5139.29,"end":5139.65},{"text":"crimes","start":5139.65,"end":5140.01},{"text":"against","start":5140.01,"end":5140.41},{"text":"the","start":5140.41,"end":5140.53},{"text":"people.","start":5140.53,"end":5141.01}]},{"text":"My delegation therefore appeal to the international community and all member states to reject the junta's planned sham elections and to stand firmly with the people of Myanmar in our efforts to end the military dictatorship.","start":5141.57,"end":5154.61,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"My","start":5141.57,"end":5141.73},{"text":"delegation","start":5141.73,"end":5142.37},{"text":"therefore","start":5142.37,"end":5142.73},{"text":"appeal","start":5142.73,"end":5143.05},{"text":"to","start":5143.05,"end":5143.17},{"text":"the","start":5143.17,"end":5143.29},{"text":"international","start":5143.29,"end":5143.89},{"text":"community","start":5143.89,"end":5144.53},{"text":"and","start":5144.53,"end":5144.69},{"text":"all","start":5144.69,"end":5144.93},{"text":"member","start":5144.93,"end":5145.25},{"text":"states","start":5145.25,"end":5145.49},{"text":"to","start":5145.49,"end":5145.69},{"text":"reject","start":5145.69,"end":5146.21},{"text":"the","start":5146.21,"end":5146.33},{"text":"junta's","start":5146.33,"end":5146.77},{"text":"planned","start":5146.77,"end":5147.17},{"text":"sham","start":5147.73,"end":5148.17},{"text":"elections","start":5148.17,"end":5148.77},{"text":"and","start":5148.77,"end":5148.97},{"text":"to","start":5148.97,"end":5149.09},{"text":"stand","start":5149.09,"end":5149.41},{"text":"firmly","start":5149.41,"end":5149.81},{"text":"with","start":5149.81,"end":5150.01},{"text":"the","start":5150.01,"end":5150.13},{"text":"people","start":5150.13,"end":5150.65},{"text":"of","start":5150.65,"end":5150.77},{"text":"Myanmar","start":5150.77,"end":5151.33},{"text":"in","start":5151.81,"end":5152.05},{"text":"our","start":5152.05,"end":5152.29},{"text":"efforts","start":5152.29,"end":5152.77},{"text":"to","start":5152.77,"end":5153.01},{"text":"end","start":5153.01,"end":5153.25},{"text":"the","start":5153.25,"end":5153.33},{"text":"military","start":5153.33,"end":5153.81},{"text":"dictatorship.","start":5153.81,"end":5154.61}]},{"text":"build a federal democratic union and secure a peaceful and just future for our nation and our people.","start":5155.25,"end":5162.13,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"build","start":5155.25,"end":5155.45},{"text":"a","start":5155.45,"end":5155.49},{"text":"federal","start":5155.49,"end":5155.93},{"text":"democratic","start":5155.93,"end":5156.45},{"text":"union","start":5156.45,"end":5156.93},{"text":"and","start":5157.01,"end":5157.17},{"text":"secure","start":5157.17,"end":5157.85},{"text":"a","start":5157.85,"end":5157.89},{"text":"peaceful","start":5157.89,"end":5158.53},{"text":"and","start":5158.53,"end":5158.77},{"text":"just","start":5158.77,"end":5159.17},{"text":"future","start":5159.17,"end":5159.73},{"text":"for","start":5160.05,"end":5160.45},{"text":"our","start":5160.45,"end":5160.53},{"text":"nation","start":5160.53,"end":5161.09},{"text":"and","start":5161.17,"end":5161.45},{"text":"our","start":5161.45,"end":5161.65},{"text":"people.","start":5161.65,"end":5162.13}]},{"text":"Only through accountability, justice and the restoration of democratic governance can lasting peace and human dignity be achieved in Myanmar.","start":5162.69,"end":5172.93,"topics":[{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious 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you, Mr. Chair.","start":5173.33,"end":5174.21,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":5173.33,"end":5173.57},{"text":"you,","start":5173.57,"end":5173.73},{"text":"Mr.","start":5173.73,"end":5174.05},{"text":"Chair.","start":5174.05,"end":5174.21}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"MMR","affiliation_full":"Myanmar","group":null,"function":"Permanent Representative"}},{"statement_number":39,"start":5176.45,"pageUrl":"/en/ga/c6/80/23?t=5177","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you to the Permanent Representative of Myanmar and I'm now turning to the representative of Togo.","start":5176.45,"end":5182.61,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":5176.45,"end":5176.73},{"text":"you","start":5176.73,"end":5176.93},{"text":"to","start":5176.93,"end":5177.09},{"text":"the","start":5177.09,"end":5177.25},{"text":"Permanent","start":5177.25,"end":5177.77},{"text":"Representative","start":5177.77,"end":5178.57},{"text":"of","start":5178.57,"end":5178.77},{"text":"Myanmar","start":5178.77,"end":5179.41},{"text":"and","start":5179.41,"end":5180.05},{"text":"I'm","start":5180.05,"end":5180.25},{"text":"now","start":5180.25,"end":5180.37},{"text":"turning","start":5180.37,"end":5180.85},{"text":"to","start":5180.85,"end":5180.97},{"text":"the","start":5180.97,"end":5181.05},{"text":"representative","start":5181.05,"end":5181.97},{"text":"of","start":5181.97,"end":5182.05},{"text":"Togo.","start":5182.05,"end":5182.61}]},{"text":"The floor is yours.","start":5182.93,"end":5183.81,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":5182.93,"end":5183.01},{"text":"floor","start":5183.01,"end":5183.29},{"text":"is","start":5183.29,"end":5183.41},{"text":"yours.","start":5183.41,"end":5183.81}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"6th Committee","affiliation_full":"6th Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":40,"start":5186.53,"pageUrl":"/en/ga/c6/80/23?t=5187","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Mr. Chairman.","start":5186.53,"end":5189.17,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":5186.53,"end":5186.69},{"text":"you,","start":5186.77,"end":5186.85},{"text":"Mr.","start":5186.85,"end":5187.49},{"text":"Chairman.","start":5188.61,"end":5189.17}]},{"text":"Chairman, the Togolese delegation would like to thank the Secretary General for the report published as document 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of the Non-Aligned Movement and the African Group, respectively by the representatives of the Islamic Republic of Iran and Cameroon.","start":5200.93,"end":5209.33,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":5200.93,"end":5201.33},{"text":"fully","start":5201.41,"end":5201.69},{"text":"align","start":5201.69,"end":5201.89},{"text":"ourselves","start":5201.89,"end":5202.41},{"text":"with","start":5202.41,"end":5202.65},{"text":"the","start":5202.65,"end":5202.73},{"text":"statements","start":5202.77,"end":5203.37},{"text":"delivered","start":5203.37,"end":5203.73},{"text":"on","start":5203.73,"end":5203.81},{"text":"behalf","start":5203.81,"end":5204.09},{"text":"of","start":5204.09,"end":5204.21},{"text":"the","start":5204.21,"end":5204.33},{"text":"Non-Aligned","start":5204.33,"end":5204.73},{"text":"Movement","start":5204.73,"end":5205.17},{"text":"and","start":5205.17,"end":5205.29},{"text":"the","start":5205.29,"end":5205.37},{"text":"African","start":5205.37,"end":5205.73},{"text":"Group,","start":5205.73,"end":5205.97},{"text":"respectively","start":5205.97,"end":5206.53},{"text":"by","start":5206.53,"end":5206.61},{"text":"the","start":5206.61,"end":5206.69},{"text":"representatives","start":5206.69,"end":5207.29},{"text":"of","start":5207.29,"end":5207.37},{"text":"the","start":5207.37,"end":5207.45},{"text":"Islamic","start":5207.45,"end":5207.73},{"text":"Republic","start":5207.73,"end":5208.09},{"text":"of","start":5208.09,"end":5208.29},{"text":"Iran","start":5208.29,"end":5208.53},{"text":"and","start":5208.53,"end":5208.73},{"text":"Cameroon.","start":5208.73,"end":5209.33}]},{"text":"In Togo, we are convinced that a serious crime committed on the territory of a State that remains unpunished represents a threat to collective peace and security, hence why my delegation welcomes the continuing debate on the scope and application of the principle of universal jurisdiction, which remains fully relevant.","start":5210.17,"end":5230.57,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. 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They argued that conflating these concepts creates legal confusion and distorts state practice."}],"words":[{"text":"Chair,","start":5232.09,"end":5232.37},{"text":"the","start":5232.41,"end":5232.61},{"text":"existence","start":5232.61,"end":5233.09},{"text":"of","start":5233.09,"end":5233.17},{"text":"the","start":5233.17,"end":5233.25},{"text":"principle","start":5233.25,"end":5233.61},{"text":"of","start":5233.61,"end":5233.69},{"text":"universal","start":5233.69,"end":5234.17},{"text":"jurisdiction,","start":5234.17,"end":5235.05},{"text":"just","start":5235.05,"end":5235.29},{"text":"like","start":5235.29,"end":5235.49},{"text":"that","start":5235.49,"end":5235.77},{"text":"of","start":5235.77,"end":5235.85},{"text":"international","start":5235.85,"end":5236.57},{"text":"criminal","start":5236.57,"end":5237.05},{"text":"jurisdictions,","start":5237.05,"end":5237.93},{"text":"aims","start":5238.09,"end":5238.49},{"text":"to","start":5238.49,"end":5238.89},{"text":"fill","start":5239.37,"end":5239.93},{"text":"a","start":5240.49,"end":5240.53},{"text":"gap","start":5240.53,"end":5240.89},{"text":"that","start":5240.89,"end":5241.29},{"text":"is","start":5241.29,"end":5241.61},{"text":"where","start":5241.61,"end":5241.93},{"text":"there","start":5241.93,"end":5242.13},{"text":"is","start":5242.13,"end":5242.25},{"text":"impunity","start":5242.25,"end":5243.13},{"text":"when","start":5243.13,"end":5243.69},{"text":"states","start":5243.77,"end":5244.41},{"text":"are","start":5244.41,"end":5244.73},{"text":"either","start":5244.73,"end":5245.17},{"text":"unable","start":5245.21,"end":5246.09},{"text":"or","start":5246.09,"end":5246.21},{"text":"unwilling","start":5246.21,"end":5246.81},{"text":"to","start":5246.81,"end":5246.97},{"text":"prosecute","start":5247.29,"end":5248.17},{"text":"the","start":5248.17,"end":5248.25},{"text":"perpetrators","start":5248.25,"end":5248.85},{"text":"of","start":5248.85,"end":5248.93},{"text":"an","start":5248.93,"end":5249.01},{"text":"international","start":5249.01,"end":5249.53},{"text":"crime.","start":5249.53,"end":5250.01}]},{"text":"This principle goes beyond a single legal framework.","start":5250.41,"end":5253.45,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":5250.41,"end":5250.57},{"text":"principle","start":5250.57,"end":5251.05},{"text":"goes","start":5251.05,"end":5251.29},{"text":"beyond","start":5251.29,"end":5251.69},{"text":"a","start":5251.77,"end":5251.81},{"text":"single","start":5251.81,"end":5252.29},{"text":"legal","start":5252.29,"end":5252.57},{"text":"framework.","start":5252.57,"end":5253.45}]},{"text":"It is above all a moral and imperative and one of human consciousness.","start":5253.45,"end":5258.57,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"It","start":5253.45,"end":5253.61},{"text":"is","start":5253.61,"end":5253.77},{"text":"above","start":5253.77,"end":5254.17},{"text":"all","start":5254.17,"end":5254.49},{"text":"a","start":5254.57,"end":5254.61},{"text":"moral","start":5254.61,"end":5255.21},{"text":"and","start":5255.21,"end":5255.81},{"text":"imperative","start":5256.25,"end":5257.05},{"text":"and","start":5257.05,"end":5257.17},{"text":"one","start":5257.17,"end":5257.37},{"text":"of","start":5257.37,"end":5257.45},{"text":"human","start":5257.45,"end":5257.85},{"text":"consciousness.","start":5257.85,"end":5258.57}]},{"text":"It It represents a collective duty to combat impunity, to do justice to victims and to punish the perpetrators of the most serious crimes wherever they are.","start":5259.21,"end":5267.97,"topics":[{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":5259.21,"end":5259.53},{"text":"It","start":5259.93,"end":5259.97},{"text":"represents","start":5259.97,"end":5260.61},{"text":"a","start":5260.73,"end":5260.77},{"text":"collective","start":5260.77,"end":5261.41},{"text":"duty","start":5261.41,"end":5262.05},{"text":"to","start":5262.05,"end":5262.29},{"text":"combat","start":5262.29,"end":5262.65},{"text":"impunity,","start":5262.65,"end":5263.33},{"text":"to","start":5263.33,"end":5263.41},{"text":"do","start":5263.41,"end":5263.49},{"text":"justice","start":5263.49,"end":5263.85},{"text":"to","start":5263.85,"end":5263.93},{"text":"victims","start":5263.93,"end":5264.45},{"text":"and","start":5264.45,"end":5264.61},{"text":"to","start":5264.61,"end":5264.69},{"text":"punish","start":5264.69,"end":5265.09},{"text":"the","start":5265.09,"end":5265.25},{"text":"perpetrators","start":5265.25,"end":5265.81},{"text":"of","start":5265.81,"end":5265.89},{"text":"the","start":5265.89,"end":5265.97},{"text":"most","start":5265.97,"end":5266.17},{"text":"serious","start":5266.17,"end":5266.53},{"text":"crimes","start":5266.53,"end":5267.17},{"text":"wherever","start":5267.17,"end":5267.57},{"text":"they","start":5267.57,"end":5267.73},{"text":"are.","start":5267.77,"end":5267.97}]},{"text":"Since November 2015, Togo has undertaken important reforms of our criminal code.","start":5268.29,"end":5275.33,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Since","start":5268.29,"end":5268.53},{"text":"November","start":5268.53,"end":5268.89},{"text":"2015,","start":5268.89,"end":5270.21},{"text":"Togo","start":5270.61,"end":5271.09},{"text":"has","start":5271.09,"end":5271.21},{"text":"undertaken","start":5271.21,"end":5271.89},{"text":"important","start":5272.93,"end":5273.53},{"text":"reforms","start":5273.53,"end":5274.13},{"text":"of","start":5274.13,"end":5274.21},{"text":"our","start":5274.21,"end":5274.37},{"text":"criminal","start":5274.37,"end":5274.77},{"text":"code.","start":5274.77,"end":5275.33}]},{"text":"These reforms particularly introduce a general obligation to try the perpetrators of certain offences or to extradite them towards the countries requesting such extradition.","start":5276.09,"end":5286.49,"topics":[{"key":"distinction-from-other-bases","label":"Distinction From Other Jurisdictional Bases","description":"Several speakers insisted that universal jurisdiction must be clearly distinguished from treaty-based obligations to extradite or prosecute, other forms of extraterritorial jurisdiction, and the jurisdiction of international criminal tribunals. They argued that conflating these concepts creates legal confusion and distorts state practice."},{"key":"cooperation-and-national-capacity","label":"International Cooperation and National Capacity","description":"A recurring topic was the need to strengthen domestic justice systems and expand cooperation through extradition, mutual legal assistance, and judicial coordination. Delegations argued that stronger national capacity and better interstate cooperation are essential both to combat impunity and to reduce overreliance on universal jurisdiction."}],"words":[{"text":"These","start":5276.09,"end":5276.33},{"text":"reforms","start":5276.33,"end":5276.97},{"text":"particularly","start":5276.97,"end":5277.85},{"text":"introduce","start":5277.85,"end":5278.57},{"text":"a","start":5278.57,"end":5278.61},{"text":"general","start":5278.73,"end":5279.17},{"text":"obligation","start":5279.17,"end":5279.85},{"text":"to","start":5279.85,"end":5280.13},{"text":"try","start":5280.13,"end":5280.41},{"text":"the","start":5280.41,"end":5280.57},{"text":"perpetrators","start":5280.57,"end":5281.41},{"text":"of","start":5281.41,"end":5281.53},{"text":"certain","start":5281.53,"end":5281.93},{"text":"offences","start":5281.93,"end":5282.57},{"text":"or","start":5282.57,"end":5282.77},{"text":"to","start":5282.77,"end":5282.89},{"text":"extradite","start":5282.89,"end":5283.45},{"text":"them","start":5283.45,"end":5283.61},{"text":"towards","start":5283.61,"end":5284.09},{"text":"the","start":5284.09,"end":5284.21},{"text":"countries","start":5284.21,"end":5284.89},{"text":"requesting","start":5284.97,"end":5285.61},{"text":"such","start":5285.61,"end":5285.77},{"text":"extradition.","start":5285.77,"end":5286.49}]},{"text":"My country grants great importance to the principle of universal jurisdiction, which is seen as an essential tool so that no serious crime goes unpunished.","start":5286.73,"end":5295.13,"topics":[{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."}],"words":[{"text":"My","start":5286.73,"end":5286.93},{"text":"country","start":5286.93,"end":5287.37},{"text":"grants","start":5287.37,"end":5287.65},{"text":"great","start":5287.65,"end":5287.85},{"text":"importance","start":5287.85,"end":5288.29},{"text":"to","start":5288.29,"end":5288.37},{"text":"the","start":5288.37,"end":5288.49},{"text":"principle","start":5288.49,"end":5288.93},{"text":"of","start":5288.93,"end":5289.01},{"text":"universal","start":5289.01,"end":5289.45},{"text":"jurisdiction,","start":5289.45,"end":5290.09},{"text":"which","start":5290.09,"end":5290.33},{"text":"is","start":5290.33,"end":5290.65},{"text":"seen","start":5290.65,"end":5291.01},{"text":"as","start":5291.01,"end":5291.13},{"text":"an","start":5291.13,"end":5291.21},{"text":"essential","start":5291.21,"end":5291.77},{"text":"tool","start":5291.77,"end":5292.13},{"text":"so","start":5292.13,"end":5292.25},{"text":"that","start":5292.25,"end":5292.41},{"text":"no","start":5292.41,"end":5292.81},{"text":"serious","start":5293.45,"end":5293.93},{"text":"crime","start":5293.93,"end":5294.33},{"text":"goes","start":5294.33,"end":5294.57},{"text":"unpunished.","start":5294.57,"end":5295.13}]},{"text":"The Togolese delegation would like to underscore that the application of the principle of universal jurisdiction should be done with full respect for the other fundamental principles of international law.","start":5297.45,"end":5306.89,"topics":[{"key":"sovereignty-and-immunities","label":"Sovereignty and Immunities","description":"Many statements emphasized that the exercise of universal jurisdiction must respect sovereign equality, non-interference, territorial integrity, and the immunities of state officials under international law. Several delegations warned that ignoring these principles would damage interstate relations and the legitimacy of the legal system."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":5297.45,"end":5297.65},{"text":"Togolese","start":5297.65,"end":5298.09},{"text":"delegation","start":5298.09,"end":5298.57},{"text":"would","start":5298.57,"end":5298.69},{"text":"like","start":5298.69,"end":5298.85},{"text":"to","start":5298.85,"end":5298.93},{"text":"underscore","start":5298.93,"end":5299.29},{"text":"that","start":5299.29,"end":5299.41},{"text":"the","start":5299.41,"end":5299.49},{"text":"application","start":5299.49,"end":5299.89},{"text":"of","start":5299.89,"end":5299.97},{"text":"the","start":5299.97,"end":5300.05},{"text":"principle","start":5300.05,"end":5300.41},{"text":"of","start":5300.41,"end":5300.49},{"text":"universal","start":5300.49,"end":5301.25},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":5301.25,"end":5302.09},{"text":"should","start":5302.09,"end":5302.49},{"text":"be","start":5302.49,"end":5302.73},{"text":"done","start":5302.73,"end":5303.13},{"text":"with","start":5303.13,"end":5303.37},{"text":"full","start":5303.37,"end":5303.69},{"text":"respect","start":5303.69,"end":5304.25},{"text":"for","start":5304.25,"end":5304.41},{"text":"the","start":5304.41,"end":5304.53},{"text":"other","start":5304.57,"end":5304.81},{"text":"fundamental","start":5304.81,"end":5305.37},{"text":"principles","start":5305.37,"end":5305.89},{"text":"of","start":5305.89,"end":5305.97},{"text":"international","start":5305.97,"end":5306.77},{"text":"law.","start":5306.77,"end":5306.89}]},{"text":"These include the sovereign equality of states, non-interference in internal affairs, immunity from jurisdiction recognized for state representatives, particularly head of state, head of government and minister of foreign affairs.","start":5306.89,"end":5320.25,"topics":[{"key":"sovereignty-and-immunities","label":"Sovereignty and Immunities","description":"Many statements emphasized that the exercise of universal jurisdiction must respect sovereign equality, non-interference, territorial integrity, and the immunities of state officials under international law. Several delegations warned that ignoring these principles would damage interstate relations and the legitimacy of the legal system."}],"words":[{"text":"These","start":5306.89,"end":5307.21},{"text":"include","start":5307.21,"end":5307.73},{"text":"the","start":5307.73,"end":5307.81},{"text":"sovereign","start":5307.81,"end":5308.13},{"text":"equality","start":5308.13,"end":5308.69},{"text":"of","start":5308.69,"end":5308.81},{"text":"states,","start":5308.81,"end":5309.29},{"text":"non-interference","start":5309.29,"end":5310.25},{"text":"in","start":5310.25,"end":5310.57},{"text":"internal","start":5310.89,"end":5311.45},{"text":"affairs,","start":5311.45,"end":5312.25},{"text":"immunity","start":5312.25,"end":5313.13},{"text":"from","start":5313.13,"end":5313.45},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":5313.45,"end":5314.17},{"text":"recognized","start":5314.17,"end":5314.89},{"text":"for","start":5314.89,"end":5315.05},{"text":"state","start":5315.05,"end":5315.53},{"text":"representatives,","start":5315.53,"end":5316.33},{"text":"particularly","start":5316.33,"end":5316.85},{"text":"head","start":5316.85,"end":5317.05},{"text":"of","start":5317.05,"end":5317.21},{"text":"state,","start":5317.21,"end":5317.53},{"text":"head","start":5317.53,"end":5317.69},{"text":"of","start":5317.69,"end":5317.77},{"text":"government","start":5317.77,"end":5318.25},{"text":"and","start":5318.57,"end":5318.89},{"text":"minister","start":5318.89,"end":5319.33},{"text":"of","start":5319.33,"end":5319.41},{"text":"foreign","start":5319.41,"end":5319.69},{"text":"affairs.","start":5319.69,"end":5320.25}]},{"text":"This principle should also remain a complement to the jurisdiction of national courts.","start":5320.81,"end":5326.65,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiarity-and-last-resort","label":"Subsidiarity and Last Resort","description":"Numerous speakers argued that universal jurisdiction should be secondary to territorial, nationality-based, or other closer jurisdictional links. In this view, it should be used only when the state with primary jurisdiction is unwilling or unable genuinely to investigate and prosecute."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":5320.81,"end":5320.97},{"text":"principle","start":5320.97,"end":5321.53},{"text":"should","start":5321.53,"end":5321.77},{"text":"also","start":5321.77,"end":5322.33},{"text":"remain","start":5322.57,"end":5323.05},{"text":"a","start":5323.45,"end":5323.49},{"text":"complement","start":5323.49,"end":5324.37},{"text":"to","start":5324.37,"end":5324.49},{"text":"the","start":5324.57,"end":5324.77},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":5324.77,"end":5325.45},{"text":"of","start":5325.45,"end":5325.53},{"text":"national","start":5325.53,"end":5326.01},{"text":"courts.","start":5326.01,"end":5326.65}]},{"text":"The primary responsibility to prosecute the most serious crimes falls on the state where, on the territory of which the crimes were committed.","start":5326.89,"end":5337.01,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiarity-and-last-resort","label":"Subsidiarity and Last Resort","description":"Numerous speakers argued that universal jurisdiction should be secondary to territorial, nationality-based, or other closer jurisdictional links. In this view, it should be used only when the state with primary jurisdiction is unwilling or unable genuinely to investigate and prosecute."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":5326.89,"end":5327.05},{"text":"primary","start":5327.05,"end":5327.61},{"text":"responsibility","start":5327.61,"end":5328.73},{"text":"to","start":5328.73,"end":5328.93},{"text":"prosecute","start":5328.97,"end":5329.61},{"text":"the","start":5329.61,"end":5329.73},{"text":"most","start":5329.73,"end":5329.97},{"text":"serious","start":5329.97,"end":5330.41},{"text":"crimes","start":5330.41,"end":5331.13},{"text":"falls","start":5331.13,"end":5331.53},{"text":"on","start":5331.53,"end":5331.69},{"text":"the","start":5331.69,"end":5331.77},{"text":"state","start":5331.77,"end":5332.41},{"text":"where,","start":5333.29,"end":5333.65},{"text":"on","start":5334.97,"end":5335.05},{"text":"the","start":5335.05,"end":5335.17},{"text":"territory","start":5335.17,"end":5335.65},{"text":"of","start":5335.65,"end":5335.73},{"text":"which","start":5335.73,"end":5336.01},{"text":"the","start":5336.01,"end":5336.09},{"text":"crimes","start":5336.09,"end":5336.37},{"text":"were","start":5336.37,"end":5336.49},{"text":"committed.","start":5336.49,"end":5337.01}]},{"text":"Togo therefore thinks it's necessary to clarify the scope of the principle of universal jurisdiction by precisely defining the crimes concerned and avoiding any abusive interpretation.","start":5337.01,"end":5350.25,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."},{"key":"politicization-and-selective-use","label":"Politicization and Selective Use","description":"A widely shared concern was that universal jurisdiction can be abused for political, discriminatory, or selective purposes. Delegations warned against using domestic courts to target foreign officials or advance geopolitical agendas under the banner of justice."}],"words":[{"text":"Togo","start":5337.01,"end":5337.37},{"text":"therefore","start":5337.37,"end":5337.69},{"text":"thinks","start":5337.69,"end":5337.97},{"text":"it's","start":5337.97,"end":5338.21},{"text":"necessary","start":5338.21,"end":5338.73},{"text":"to","start":5338.73,"end":5339.13},{"text":"clarify","start":5339.81,"end":5340.65},{"text":"the","start":5340.81,"end":5341.01},{"text":"scope","start":5341.01,"end":5341.53},{"text":"of","start":5341.53,"end":5341.77},{"text":"the","start":5341.77,"end":5341.89},{"text":"principle","start":5341.93,"end":5342.65},{"text":"of","start":5342.65,"end":5342.73},{"text":"universal","start":5342.73,"end":5343.21},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":5343.21,"end":5344.09},{"text":"by","start":5344.09,"end":5344.49},{"text":"precisely","start":5344.73,"end":5345.45},{"text":"defining","start":5345.45,"end":5346.09},{"text":"the","start":5346.09,"end":5346.21},{"text":"crimes","start":5346.21,"end":5346.81},{"text":"concerned","start":5346.81,"end":5347.49},{"text":"and","start":5347.49,"end":5347.61},{"text":"avoiding","start":5347.61,"end":5348.05},{"text":"any","start":5348.05,"end":5348.33},{"text":"abusive","start":5348.33,"end":5349.05},{"text":"interpretation.","start":5349.05,"end":5350.25}]},{"text":"This principle, which is different to traditional criteria of state jurisdiction, should be limited to the most serious crimes that offend human conscience, such as genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, crimes of aggression, terrorism, financing of terrorism, piracy, slavery, trafficking in persons, including trafficking in migrants, and crimes of apartheid.","start":5350.81,"end":5372.17,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."},{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."},{"key":"distinction-from-other-bases","label":"Distinction From Other Jurisdictional Bases","description":"Several speakers insisted that universal jurisdiction must be clearly distinguished from treaty-based obligations to extradite or prosecute, other forms of extraterritorial jurisdiction, and the jurisdiction of international criminal tribunals. They argued that conflating these concepts creates legal confusion and distorts state practice."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":5350.81,"end":5350.97},{"text":"principle,","start":5350.97,"end":5351.61},{"text":"which","start":5351.65,"end":5351.93},{"text":"is","start":5351.93,"end":5352.17},{"text":"different","start":5352.17,"end":5352.53},{"text":"to","start":5352.53,"end":5352.61},{"text":"traditional","start":5352.61,"end":5353.21},{"text":"criteria","start":5353.21,"end":5353.89},{"text":"of","start":5353.89,"end":5354.01},{"text":"state","start":5354.01,"end":5354.49},{"text":"jurisdiction,","start":5354.73,"end":5355.53},{"text":"should","start":5355.53,"end":5355.77},{"text":"be","start":5355.77,"end":5356.01},{"text":"limited","start":5356.01,"end":5356.37},{"text":"to","start":5356.37,"end":5356.45},{"text":"the","start":5356.45,"end":5356.53},{"text":"most","start":5356.53,"end":5356.85},{"text":"serious","start":5356.85,"end":5357.21},{"text":"crimes","start":5357.21,"end":5357.77},{"text":"that","start":5357.77,"end":5358.01},{"text":"offend","start":5358.01,"end":5358.49},{"text":"human","start":5358.49,"end":5358.89},{"text":"conscience,","start":5358.89,"end":5359.49},{"text":"such","start":5359.49,"end":5359.77},{"text":"as","start":5359.77,"end":5359.93},{"text":"genocide,","start":5359.93,"end":5360.49},{"text":"war","start":5360.49,"end":5360.77},{"text":"crimes,","start":5360.77,"end":5361.09},{"text":"crimes","start":5361.09,"end":5361.37},{"text":"against","start":5361.37,"end":5361.61},{"text":"humanity,","start":5361.61,"end":5362.49},{"text":"crimes","start":5362.89,"end":5363.17},{"text":"of","start":5363.17,"end":5363.25},{"text":"aggression,","start":5363.25,"end":5363.77},{"text":"terrorism,","start":5363.77,"end":5364.49},{"text":"financing","start":5364.73,"end":5365.21},{"text":"of","start":5365.21,"end":5365.29},{"text":"terrorism,","start":5365.29,"end":5366.09},{"text":"piracy,","start":5366.33,"end":5367.05},{"text":"slavery,","start":5367.05,"end":5367.73},{"text":"trafficking","start":5367.73,"end":5368.13},{"text":"in","start":5368.13,"end":5368.25},{"text":"persons,","start":5368.25,"end":5368.85},{"text":"including","start":5368.85,"end":5369.33},{"text":"trafficking","start":5369.33,"end":5369.69},{"text":"in","start":5369.69,"end":5369.77},{"text":"migrants,","start":5369.77,"end":5370.41},{"text":"and","start":5370.41,"end":5370.65},{"text":"crimes","start":5370.65,"end":5371.05},{"text":"of","start":5371.17,"end":5371.25},{"text":"apartheid.","start":5371.37,"end":5372.17}]},{"text":"Chair, Togo welcomes the adoption on the 4th of December 2024 of resolution 79/127.","start":5372.81,"end":5381.09,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Chair,","start":5372.81,"end":5372.97},{"text":"Togo","start":5374.05,"end":5374.29},{"text":"welcomes","start":5374.29,"end":5374.85},{"text":"the","start":5374.85,"end":5374.97},{"text":"adoption","start":5374.97,"end":5375.41},{"text":"on","start":5375.41,"end":5375.57},{"text":"the","start":5375.57,"end":5375.73},{"text":"4th","start":5375.73,"end":5376.13},{"text":"of","start":5376.13,"end":5376.21},{"text":"December","start":5376.21,"end":5376.81},{"text":"2024","start":5376.93,"end":5378.01},{"text":"of","start":5378.01,"end":5378.13},{"text":"resolution","start":5378.13,"end":5378.69},{"text":"79/127.","start":5378.69,"end":5381.09}]},{"text":"Through this, the General Assembly decided to establish at its 81st session a working group of the Sixth Committee to continue an in-depth review of the scope and application of the principle of universal jurisdiction.","start":5381.89,"end":5394.21,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"Through","start":5381.89,"end":5382.29},{"text":"this,","start":5382.29,"end":5382.69},{"text":"the","start":5382.69,"end":5382.77},{"text":"General","start":5382.77,"end":5383.13},{"text":"Assembly","start":5383.13,"end":5383.73},{"text":"decided","start":5383.73,"end":5384.29},{"text":"to","start":5384.29,"end":5384.45},{"text":"establish","start":5384.45,"end":5385.17},{"text":"at","start":5385.17,"end":5385.37},{"text":"its","start":5385.37,"end":5385.57},{"text":"81st","start":5385.57,"end":5386.13},{"text":"session","start":5386.13,"end":5386.81},{"text":"a","start":5386.81,"end":5386.85},{"text":"working","start":5386.85,"end":5387.41},{"text":"group","start":5387.41,"end":5387.69},{"text":"of","start":5387.69,"end":5387.77},{"text":"the","start":5387.77,"end":5387.89},{"text":"Sixth","start":5387.89,"end":5388.21},{"text":"Committee","start":5388.21,"end":5388.77},{"text":"to","start":5388.77,"end":5388.93},{"text":"continue","start":5388.93,"end":5389.81},{"text":"an","start":5389.81,"end":5389.97},{"text":"in-depth","start":5389.97,"end":5390.53},{"text":"review","start":5390.53,"end":5390.97},{"text":"of","start":5390.97,"end":5391.09},{"text":"the","start":5391.09,"end":5391.21},{"text":"scope","start":5391.21,"end":5391.57},{"text":"and","start":5391.57,"end":5391.69},{"text":"application","start":5391.69,"end":5392.29},{"text":"of","start":5392.29,"end":5392.37},{"text":"the","start":5392.37,"end":5392.45},{"text":"principle","start":5392.45,"end":5392.93},{"text":"of","start":5392.93,"end":5393.01},{"text":"universal","start":5393.01,"end":5393.49},{"text":"jurisdiction.","start":5393.49,"end":5394.21}]},{"text":"My delegation grants great importance to these discussions, which should allow us to to understand the application of the principle in order to avoid selective or politically motivated prosecutions and to ease tensions related to accusations of interference in internal affairs.","start":5394.61,"end":5413.09,"topics":[{"key":"politicization-and-selective-use","label":"Politicization and Selective Use","description":"A widely shared concern was that universal jurisdiction can be abused for political, discriminatory, or selective purposes. Delegations warned against using domestic courts to target foreign officials or advance geopolitical agendas under the banner of justice."},{"key":"sovereignty-and-immunities","label":"Sovereignty and Immunities","description":"Many statements emphasized that the exercise of universal jurisdiction must respect sovereign equality, non-interference, territorial integrity, and the immunities of state officials under international law. Several delegations warned that ignoring these principles would damage interstate relations and the legitimacy of the legal system."}],"words":[{"text":"My","start":5394.61,"end":5394.77},{"text":"delegation","start":5394.77,"end":5395.41},{"text":"grants","start":5395.41,"end":5395.69},{"text":"great","start":5395.69,"end":5395.93},{"text":"importance","start":5395.93,"end":5396.49},{"text":"to","start":5396.49,"end":5396.65},{"text":"these","start":5396.65,"end":5396.85},{"text":"discussions,","start":5396.85,"end":5397.61},{"text":"which","start":5397.61,"end":5397.89},{"text":"should","start":5397.89,"end":5398.13},{"text":"allow","start":5398.13,"end":5398.45},{"text":"us","start":5398.45,"end":5398.69},{"text":"to","start":5398.69,"end":5399.17},{"text":"to","start":5401.73,"end":5401.89},{"text":"understand","start":5402.05,"end":5402.57},{"text":"the","start":5402.57,"end":5402.65},{"text":"application","start":5402.65,"end":5403.17},{"text":"of","start":5403.17,"end":5403.25},{"text":"the","start":5403.25,"end":5403.33},{"text":"principle","start":5403.33,"end":5403.89},{"text":"in","start":5403.89,"end":5404.13},{"text":"order","start":5404.13,"end":5404.41},{"text":"to","start":5404.41,"end":5404.77},{"text":"avoid","start":5404.77,"end":5405.41},{"text":"selective","start":5405.41,"end":5406.05},{"text":"or","start":5406.05,"end":5406.21},{"text":"politically","start":5406.49,"end":5407.17},{"text":"motivated","start":5407.17,"end":5407.61},{"text":"prosecutions","start":5407.61,"end":5408.37},{"text":"and","start":5408.37,"end":5408.57},{"text":"to","start":5408.57,"end":5408.65},{"text":"ease","start":5408.65,"end":5408.93},{"text":"tensions","start":5408.93,"end":5409.49},{"text":"related","start":5409.49,"end":5409.93},{"text":"to","start":5409.93,"end":5410.21},{"text":"accusations","start":5410.29,"end":5410.97},{"text":"of","start":5410.97,"end":5411.05},{"text":"interference","start":5411.05,"end":5411.89},{"text":"in","start":5411.89,"end":5412.05},{"text":"internal","start":5412.05,"end":5412.53},{"text":"affairs.","start":5412.53,"end":5413.09}]},{"text":"In this regard, Togo supports the adoption of procedural safeguards, including respect for the principle of subsidiarity only applying the principle where a state is either unwilling or unable to act, prior consultation with the interested state, effective presence of the alleged perpetrator on the territory of the prosecuting state and a guarantee of non-selectivity in prosecutions.","start":5413.73,"end":5438.37,"topics":[{"key":"procedural-safeguards","label":"Procedural Safeguards","description":"Many delegations called for procedural limits to ensure fair and disciplined use of universal jurisdiction. Frequently mentioned safeguards included the presence of the accused in the forum state, due process guarantees, prior consultation with concerned states, high-level prosecutorial review, and protection against duplicative proceedings."},{"key":"subsidiarity-and-last-resort","label":"Subsidiarity and Last Resort","description":"Numerous speakers argued that universal jurisdiction should be secondary to territorial, nationality-based, or other closer jurisdictional links. In this view, it should be used only when the state with primary jurisdiction is unwilling or unable genuinely to investigate and prosecute."},{"key":"politicization-and-selective-use","label":"Politicization and Selective Use","description":"A widely shared concern was that universal jurisdiction can be abused for political, discriminatory, or selective purposes. Delegations warned against using domestic courts to target foreign officials or advance geopolitical agendas under the banner of justice."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":5413.73,"end":5413.85},{"text":"this","start":5413.85,"end":5414.05},{"text":"regard,","start":5414.05,"end":5414.45},{"text":"Togo","start":5414.45,"end":5415.09},{"text":"supports","start":5415.77,"end":5416.17},{"text":"the","start":5416.17,"end":5416.33},{"text":"adoption","start":5416.33,"end":5416.93},{"text":"of","start":5416.93,"end":5417.09},{"text":"procedural","start":5417.09,"end":5417.65},{"text":"safeguards,","start":5417.65,"end":5418.29},{"text":"including","start":5418.29,"end":5419.01},{"text":"respect","start":5419.01,"end":5419.37},{"text":"for","start":5419.37,"end":5419.49},{"text":"the","start":5419.49,"end":5419.57},{"text":"principle","start":5419.57,"end":5419.93},{"text":"of","start":5419.93,"end":5420.05},{"text":"subsidiarity","start":5420.05,"end":5421.57},{"text":"only","start":5422.13,"end":5422.69},{"text":"applying","start":5423.73,"end":5424.17},{"text":"the","start":5424.17,"end":5424.29},{"text":"principle","start":5424.29,"end":5425.01},{"text":"where","start":5425.29,"end":5425.57},{"text":"a","start":5425.89,"end":5425.93},{"text":"state","start":5425.93,"end":5426.29},{"text":"is","start":5426.29,"end":5426.45},{"text":"either","start":5426.45,"end":5426.69},{"text":"unwilling","start":5426.69,"end":5427.05},{"text":"or","start":5427.05,"end":5427.17},{"text":"unable","start":5427.17,"end":5427.57},{"text":"to","start":5427.57,"end":5427.69},{"text":"act,","start":5427.69,"end":5428.21},{"text":"prior","start":5428.37,"end":5428.77},{"text":"consultation","start":5428.77,"end":5429.37},{"text":"with","start":5429.37,"end":5429.49},{"text":"the","start":5429.49,"end":5429.57},{"text":"interested","start":5429.57,"end":5430.01},{"text":"state,","start":5430.01,"end":5430.45},{"text":"effective","start":5430.49,"end":5430.93},{"text":"presence","start":5430.93,"end":5431.41},{"text":"of","start":5431.41,"end":5431.57},{"text":"the","start":5431.57,"end":5431.77},{"text":"alleged","start":5432.37,"end":5432.85},{"text":"perpetrator","start":5432.85,"end":5433.53},{"text":"on","start":5433.53,"end":5433.61},{"text":"the","start":5433.61,"end":5433.69},{"text":"territory","start":5433.69,"end":5434.21},{"text":"of","start":5434.21,"end":5434.29},{"text":"the","start":5434.29,"end":5434.37},{"text":"prosecuting","start":5434.37,"end":5435.01},{"text":"state","start":5435.01,"end":5435.49},{"text":"and","start":5435.49,"end":5435.69},{"text":"a","start":5435.69,"end":5435.73},{"text":"guarantee","start":5435.73,"end":5436.21},{"text":"of","start":5436.21,"end":5436.29},{"text":"non-selectivity","start":5436.29,"end":5437.49},{"text":"in","start":5437.49,"end":5437.57},{"text":"prosecutions.","start":5437.57,"end":5438.37}]},{"text":"The effectiveness of the principle of universal jurisdiction also involves strengthening international judicial cooperation and mutual assistance.","start":5438.77,"end":5446.77,"topics":[{"key":"cooperation-and-national-capacity","label":"International Cooperation and National Capacity","description":"A recurring topic was the need to strengthen domestic justice systems and expand cooperation through extradition, mutual legal assistance, and judicial coordination. Delegations argued that stronger national capacity and better interstate cooperation are essential both to combat impunity and to reduce overreliance on universal jurisdiction."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":5438.77,"end":5438.89},{"text":"effectiveness","start":5438.89,"end":5439.41},{"text":"of","start":5439.41,"end":5439.49},{"text":"the","start":5439.49,"end":5439.57},{"text":"principle","start":5439.57,"end":5439.93},{"text":"of","start":5439.93,"end":5440.01},{"text":"universal","start":5440.01,"end":5440.41},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":5440.41,"end":5441.01},{"text":"also","start":5441.01,"end":5441.49},{"text":"involves","start":5441.49,"end":5441.97},{"text":"strengthening","start":5441.97,"end":5442.53},{"text":"international","start":5442.53,"end":5443.33},{"text":"judicial","start":5443.33,"end":5443.81},{"text":"cooperation","start":5443.81,"end":5444.77},{"text":"and","start":5444.77,"end":5445.17},{"text":"mutual","start":5445.49,"end":5445.93},{"text":"assistance.","start":5445.93,"end":5446.77}]},{"text":"that is often governed by bilateral agreements.","start":5447.53,"end":5450.53,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"that","start":5447.53,"end":5447.77},{"text":"is","start":5447.77,"end":5448.01},{"text":"often","start":5448.25,"end":5448.73},{"text":"governed","start":5448.89,"end":5449.29},{"text":"by","start":5449.29,"end":5449.45},{"text":"bilateral","start":5449.45,"end":5449.89},{"text":"agreements.","start":5449.89,"end":5450.53}]},{"text":"National legislation also diverges when it comes to limitations on prosecutions, for instance, statute of limitation, immunities, et cetera.","start":5450.81,"end":5459.89,"topics":[{"key":"sovereignty-and-immunities","label":"Sovereignty and Immunities","description":"Many statements emphasized that the exercise of universal jurisdiction must respect sovereign equality, non-interference, territorial integrity, and the immunities of state officials under international law. Several delegations warned that ignoring these principles would damage interstate relations and the legitimacy of the legal system."}],"words":[{"text":"National","start":5450.81,"end":5451.25},{"text":"legislation","start":5451.25,"end":5451.93},{"text":"also","start":5451.93,"end":5452.57},{"text":"diverges","start":5452.57,"end":5453.41},{"text":"when","start":5453.41,"end":5453.57},{"text":"it","start":5453.57,"end":5453.65},{"text":"comes","start":5453.65,"end":5453.97},{"text":"to","start":5453.97,"end":5454.17},{"text":"limitations","start":5454.41,"end":5455.17},{"text":"on","start":5455.17,"end":5455.29},{"text":"prosecutions,","start":5455.29,"end":5456.09},{"text":"for","start":5456.09,"end":5456.25},{"text":"instance,","start":5456.25,"end":5456.81},{"text":"statute","start":5457.05,"end":5457.45},{"text":"of","start":5457.45,"end":5457.53},{"text":"limitation,","start":5457.53,"end":5458.13},{"text":"immunities,","start":5458.13,"end":5459.05},{"text":"et","start":5459.29,"end":5459.45},{"text":"cetera.","start":5459.45,"end":5459.89}]},{"text":"Hence the need to ensure harmonization of these mechanisms in a multilateral framework.","start":5461.93,"end":5466.89,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Hence","start":5461.93,"end":5462.25},{"text":"the","start":5462.25,"end":5462.37},{"text":"need","start":5462.37,"end":5462.53},{"text":"to","start":5462.53,"end":5462.81},{"text":"ensure","start":5462.85,"end":5463.21},{"text":"harmonization","start":5463.53,"end":5464.25},{"text":"of","start":5464.25,"end":5464.33},{"text":"these","start":5464.33,"end":5464.49},{"text":"mechanisms","start":5465.05,"end":5465.73},{"text":"in","start":5465.73,"end":5465.81},{"text":"a","start":5465.81,"end":5465.85},{"text":"multilateral","start":5465.85,"end":5466.37},{"text":"framework.","start":5466.37,"end":5466.89}]},{"text":"Chair, in terms of the outcomes from these discussions, we think that it would be helpful time to have a binding legal instrument or failing that a declaration of principles governing the exercise of universal jurisdiction and this should provide the international community with a normative base that is clear and balanced.","start":5467.21,"end":5490.61,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"Chair,","start":5467.21,"end":5467.69},{"text":"in","start":5468.57,"end":5468.69},{"text":"terms","start":5468.69,"end":5469.05},{"text":"of","start":5469.05,"end":5469.21},{"text":"the","start":5469.21,"end":5469.29},{"text":"outcomes","start":5469.93,"end":5470.61},{"text":"from","start":5470.61,"end":5470.81},{"text":"these","start":5470.81,"end":5470.97},{"text":"discussions,","start":5470.97,"end":5471.61},{"text":"we","start":5471.61,"end":5471.77},{"text":"think","start":5471.77,"end":5471.97},{"text":"that","start":5471.97,"end":5472.09},{"text":"it","start":5472.09,"end":5472.25},{"text":"would","start":5472.25,"end":5472.49},{"text":"be","start":5472.49,"end":5472.89},{"text":"helpful","start":5473.21,"end":5474.01},{"text":"time","start":5474.69,"end":5475.25},{"text":"to","start":5475.25,"end":5475.33},{"text":"have","start":5475.33,"end":5475.65},{"text":"a","start":5475.97,"end":5476.01},{"text":"binding","start":5476.01,"end":5476.37},{"text":"legal","start":5476.37,"end":5476.69},{"text":"instrument","start":5476.69,"end":5477.33},{"text":"or","start":5477.33,"end":5477.81},{"text":"failing","start":5477.81,"end":5478.21},{"text":"that","start":5478.21,"end":5478.81},{"text":"a","start":5478.81,"end":5478.85},{"text":"declaration","start":5480.01,"end":5480.69},{"text":"of","start":5480.69,"end":5480.77},{"text":"principles","start":5480.77,"end":5481.57},{"text":"governing","start":5481.57,"end":5481.93},{"text":"the","start":5481.93,"end":5482.01},{"text":"exercise","start":5482.01,"end":5482.45},{"text":"of","start":5482.45,"end":5482.53},{"text":"universal","start":5482.53,"end":5483.17},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":5483.17,"end":5483.89},{"text":"and","start":5485.29,"end":5485.49},{"text":"this","start":5485.49,"end":5485.69},{"text":"should","start":5485.69,"end":5485.93},{"text":"provide","start":5485.93,"end":5486.45},{"text":"the","start":5486.45,"end":5486.53},{"text":"international","start":5486.57,"end":5487.13},{"text":"community","start":5487.13,"end":5487.57},{"text":"with","start":5487.57,"end":5487.77},{"text":"a","start":5487.77,"end":5487.81},{"text":"normative","start":5487.81,"end":5488.29},{"text":"base","start":5488.29,"end":5488.69},{"text":"that","start":5488.69,"end":5488.85},{"text":"is","start":5488.85,"end":5489.25},{"text":"clear","start":5489.41,"end":5489.89},{"text":"and","start":5489.89,"end":5490.05},{"text":"balanced.","start":5490.05,"end":5490.61}]},{"text":"We remain convinced that an effective implementation of the principle of universal jurisdiction should be part of transparent international cooperation based on mutual trust and respect for international law.","start":5490.85,"end":5503.01,"topics":[{"key":"cooperation-and-national-capacity","label":"International Cooperation and National Capacity","description":"A recurring topic was the need to strengthen domestic justice systems and expand cooperation through extradition, mutual legal assistance, and judicial coordination. Delegations argued that stronger national capacity and better interstate cooperation are essential both to combat impunity and to reduce overreliance on universal jurisdiction."},{"key":"sovereignty-and-immunities","label":"Sovereignty and Immunities","description":"Many statements emphasized that the exercise of universal jurisdiction must respect sovereign equality, non-interference, territorial integrity, and the immunities of state officials under international law. Several delegations warned that ignoring these principles would damage interstate relations and the legitimacy of the legal system."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":5490.85,"end":5491.01},{"text":"remain","start":5491.01,"end":5491.33},{"text":"convinced","start":5491.33,"end":5492.01},{"text":"that","start":5492.05,"end":5492.45},{"text":"an","start":5492.53,"end":5492.65},{"text":"effective","start":5492.65,"end":5493.05},{"text":"implementation","start":5493.05,"end":5493.97},{"text":"of","start":5493.97,"end":5494.37},{"text":"the","start":5494.37,"end":5494.57},{"text":"principle","start":5494.57,"end":5495.01},{"text":"of","start":5495.01,"end":5495.09},{"text":"universal","start":5495.09,"end":5495.49},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":5495.49,"end":5496.21},{"text":"should","start":5496.21,"end":5496.37},{"text":"be","start":5496.37,"end":5496.53},{"text":"part","start":5496.53,"end":5496.93},{"text":"of","start":5496.93,"end":5497.17},{"text":"transparent","start":5497.17,"end":5498.13},{"text":"international","start":5499.01,"end":5499.61},{"text":"cooperation","start":5499.61,"end":5500.21},{"text":"based","start":5500.21,"end":5500.49},{"text":"on","start":5500.49,"end":5500.57},{"text":"mutual","start":5500.57,"end":5501.01},{"text":"trust","start":5501.01,"end":5501.29},{"text":"and","start":5501.29,"end":5501.41},{"text":"respect","start":5501.41,"end":5501.73},{"text":"for","start":5501.73,"end":5501.85},{"text":"international","start":5501.85,"end":5502.77},{"text":"law.","start":5502.85,"end":5503.01}]},{"text":"We affirm our commitment to work alongside the international community for a world where justice guarantees fundamental rights for everyone.","start":5504.61,"end":5512.21,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":5504.61,"end":5504.81},{"text":"affirm","start":5504.81,"end":5505.17},{"text":"our","start":5505.17,"end":5505.33},{"text":"commitment","start":5505.33,"end":5505.89},{"text":"to","start":5505.89,"end":5505.97},{"text":"work","start":5505.97,"end":5506.29},{"text":"alongside","start":5506.37,"end":5506.81},{"text":"the","start":5506.81,"end":5506.89},{"text":"international","start":5506.89,"end":5507.45},{"text":"community","start":5507.45,"end":5508.05},{"text":"for","start":5508.05,"end":5508.33},{"text":"a","start":5508.33,"end":5508.37},{"text":"world","start":5508.37,"end":5508.73},{"text":"where","start":5508.73,"end":5508.93},{"text":"justice","start":5508.93,"end":5509.41},{"text":"guarantees","start":5509.41,"end":5510.45},{"text":"fundamental","start":5510.61,"end":5511.17},{"text":"rights","start":5511.17,"end":5511.53},{"text":"for","start":5511.53,"end":5511.65},{"text":"everyone.","start":5511.65,"end":5512.21}]},{"text":"Finally, emboldened by the lessons from our history, particularly prior abuses committed under international law, Togo calls for a more equitable, balanced approach in the application of this principle, as well as for capacity building to build robust systems that are able to try international crimes across all continents.","start":5512.45,"end":5531.01,"topics":[{"key":"politicization-and-selective-use","label":"Politicization and Selective Use","description":"A widely shared concern was that universal jurisdiction can be abused for political, discriminatory, or selective purposes. Delegations warned against using domestic courts to target foreign officials or advance geopolitical agendas under the banner of justice."},{"key":"cooperation-and-national-capacity","label":"International Cooperation and National Capacity","description":"A recurring topic was the need to strengthen domestic justice systems and expand cooperation through extradition, mutual legal assistance, and judicial coordination. Delegations argued that stronger national capacity and better interstate cooperation are essential both to combat impunity and to reduce overreliance on universal 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statement.","start":5534.17,"end":5541.05,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":5534.17,"end":5534.33},{"text":"thank","start":5534.33,"end":5534.61},{"text":"the","start":5534.61,"end":5534.69},{"text":"representative","start":5534.69,"end":5535.53},{"text":"of","start":5535.53,"end":5535.61},{"text":"Togo","start":5535.61,"end":5536.01},{"text":"for","start":5536.01,"end":5536.17},{"text":"the","start":5536.17,"end":5536.25},{"text":"statement","start":5536.25,"end":5537.13},{"text":"and","start":5537.13,"end":5537.53},{"text":"I","start":5537.61,"end":5537.65},{"text":"am","start":5537.65,"end":5537.73},{"text":"now","start":5537.73,"end":5537.85},{"text":"inviting","start":5537.85,"end":5538.33},{"text":"the","start":5538.33,"end":5538.41},{"text":"representative","start":5538.41,"end":5539.13},{"text":"of","start":5539.13,"end":5539.21},{"text":"Singapore","start":5539.21,"end":5539.77},{"text":"to","start":5539.77,"end":5539.85},{"text":"deliver","start":5539.85,"end":5540.21},{"text":"her","start":5540.21,"end":5540.33},{"text":"statement.","start":5540.33,"end":5541.05}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"6th Committee","affiliation_full":"6th Committee","group":null,"function":"Vice-Chair"}},{"statement_number":42,"start":5543.85,"pageUrl":"/en/ga/c6/80/23?t=5544","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Mr. Vice Chair, Singapore thanks the Secretary-General for his report on this agenda item.","start":5543.85,"end":5549.53,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":5543.85,"end":5544.17},{"text":"Vice","start":5544.17,"end":5544.49},{"text":"Chair,","start":5544.49,"end":5544.97},{"text":"Singapore","start":5545.53,"end":5546.01},{"text":"thanks","start":5546.01,"end":5546.41},{"text":"the","start":5546.41,"end":5546.49},{"text":"Secretary-General","start":5546.49,"end":5547.45},{"text":"for","start":5547.45,"end":5547.61},{"text":"his","start":5547.61,"end":5547.77},{"text":"report","start":5547.77,"end":5548.25},{"text":"on","start":5548.25,"end":5548.33},{"text":"this","start":5548.33,"end":5548.57},{"text":"agenda","start":5548.57,"end":5548.93},{"text":"item.","start":5548.93,"end":5549.53}]},{"text":"We also express our appreciation to Member States for submitting information and observations.","start":5549.85,"end":5555.61,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":5549.85,"end":5550.05},{"text":"also","start":5550.05,"end":5550.21},{"text":"express","start":5550.21,"end":5550.81},{"text":"our","start":5550.81,"end":5550.89},{"text":"appreciation","start":5550.89,"end":5551.77},{"text":"to","start":5551.77,"end":5551.93},{"text":"Member","start":5551.93,"end":5552.25},{"text":"States","start":5552.25,"end":5552.73},{"text":"for","start":5552.73,"end":5552.85},{"text":"submitting","start":5552.85,"end":5553.37},{"text":"information","start":5553.37,"end":5554.25},{"text":"and","start":5554.37,"end":5554.57},{"text":"observations.","start":5554.57,"end":5555.61}]},{"text":"The principle of universal jurisdiction is an important weapon in the international community's arsenal for the fight against impunity, as it allows perpetrators to be held responsible for the crimes they have committed.","start":5556.77,"end":5569.89,"topics":[{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":5556.77,"end":5556.81},{"text":"principle","start":5556.81,"end":5557.29},{"text":"of","start":5557.29,"end":5557.41},{"text":"universal","start":5557.41,"end":5557.97},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":5557.97,"end":5558.77},{"text":"is","start":5558.77,"end":5558.97},{"text":"an","start":5558.97,"end":5559.05},{"text":"important","start":5559.05,"end":5559.57},{"text":"weapon","start":5559.57,"end":5560.13},{"text":"in","start":5560.13,"end":5560.25},{"text":"the","start":5560.25,"end":5560.33},{"text":"international","start":5560.33,"end":5561.01},{"text":"community's","start":5561.01,"end":5561.81},{"text":"arsenal","start":5561.81,"end":5562.45},{"text":"for","start":5562.61,"end":5562.77},{"text":"the","start":5562.77,"end":5562.89},{"text":"fight","start":5562.89,"end":5563.33},{"text":"against","start":5563.33,"end":5563.73},{"text":"impunity,","start":5563.73,"end":5564.53},{"text":"as","start":5564.77,"end":5564.97},{"text":"it","start":5564.97,"end":5565.13},{"text":"allows","start":5565.13,"end":5565.57},{"text":"perpetrators","start":5565.57,"end":5566.45},{"text":"to","start":5566.45,"end":5566.61},{"text":"be","start":5566.61,"end":5566.77},{"text":"held","start":5566.77,"end":5567.05},{"text":"responsible","start":5567.05,"end":5567.89},{"text":"for","start":5568.13,"end":5568.29},{"text":"the","start":5568.29,"end":5568.37},{"text":"crimes","start":5568.37,"end":5568.85},{"text":"they","start":5568.85,"end":5568.97},{"text":"have","start":5568.97,"end":5569.17},{"text":"committed.","start":5569.17,"end":5569.89}]},{"text":"The principle is based on the fundamental recognition that certain crimes are so heinous and of such exceptional gravity that their commission shocks the conscience of humanity.","start":5571.01,"end":5582.21,"topics":[{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":5571.01,"end":5571.17},{"text":"principle","start":5571.17,"end":5571.81},{"text":"is","start":5571.81,"end":5572.05},{"text":"based","start":5572.05,"end":5572.33},{"text":"on","start":5572.33,"end":5572.45},{"text":"the","start":5572.45,"end":5572.53},{"text":"fundamental","start":5572.53,"end":5573.25},{"text":"recognition","start":5573.25,"end":5574.13},{"text":"that","start":5574.13,"end":5574.29},{"text":"certain","start":5574.29,"end":5574.77},{"text":"crimes","start":5574.77,"end":5575.25},{"text":"are","start":5575.25,"end":5575.37},{"text":"so","start":5575.37,"end":5575.57},{"text":"heinous","start":5575.57,"end":5576.29},{"text":"and","start":5576.53,"end":5576.69},{"text":"of","start":5576.69,"end":5576.77},{"text":"such","start":5576.77,"end":5577.25},{"text":"exceptional","start":5577.25,"end":5577.97},{"text":"gravity","start":5577.97,"end":5578.61},{"text":"that","start":5578.93,"end":5579.17},{"text":"their","start":5579.17,"end":5579.49},{"text":"commission","start":5579.49,"end":5580.05},{"text":"shocks","start":5580.05,"end":5580.45},{"text":"the","start":5580.45,"end":5580.53},{"text":"conscience","start":5580.53,"end":5581.25},{"text":"of","start":5581.25,"end":5581.37},{"text":"humanity.","start":5581.37,"end":5582.21}]},{"text":"The international community thus has a common interest and shared responsibility in combating such crimes and bringing justice to the victims.","start":5582.85,"end":5591.89,"topics":[{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":5582.85,"end":5582.89},{"text":"international","start":5582.93,"end":5583.49},{"text":"community","start":5583.49,"end":5584.21},{"text":"thus","start":5584.29,"end":5584.53},{"text":"has","start":5584.53,"end":5584.69},{"text":"a","start":5584.69,"end":5584.73},{"text":"common","start":5584.73,"end":5585.09},{"text":"interest","start":5585.09,"end":5585.65},{"text":"and","start":5585.65,"end":5585.85},{"text":"shared","start":5585.85,"end":5586.13},{"text":"responsibility","start":5586.13,"end":5587.17},{"text":"in","start":5587.49,"end":5587.65},{"text":"combating","start":5587.65,"end":5588.29},{"text":"such","start":5588.29,"end":5588.61},{"text":"crimes","start":5588.61,"end":5589.25},{"text":"and","start":5589.41,"end":5589.61},{"text":"bringing","start":5589.61,"end":5589.97},{"text":"justice","start":5589.97,"end":5590.61},{"text":"to","start":5590.77,"end":5590.93},{"text":"the","start":5590.93,"end":5591.05},{"text":"victims.","start":5591.05,"end":5591.89}]},{"text":"My delegation would like to reiterate four key points on the principle of universal jurisdiction, which we think should be borne in mind.","start":5593.33,"end":5601.65,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"My","start":5593.33,"end":5593.57},{"text":"delegation","start":5593.57,"end":5594.29},{"text":"would","start":5594.29,"end":5594.41},{"text":"like","start":5594.41,"end":5594.65},{"text":"to","start":5594.65,"end":5594.89},{"text":"reiterate","start":5594.89,"end":5595.57},{"text":"four","start":5595.57,"end":5595.89},{"text":"key","start":5595.89,"end":5596.13},{"text":"points","start":5596.13,"end":5596.65},{"text":"on","start":5596.65,"end":5596.73},{"text":"the","start":5596.73,"end":5596.85},{"text":"principle","start":5596.85,"end":5597.57},{"text":"of","start":5597.65,"end":5597.81},{"text":"universal","start":5597.81,"end":5598.45},{"text":"jurisdiction,","start":5598.45,"end":5599.25},{"text":"which","start":5599.37,"end":5599.65},{"text":"we","start":5599.65,"end":5599.81},{"text":"think","start":5599.81,"end":5600.21},{"text":"should","start":5600.21,"end":5600.37},{"text":"be","start":5600.37,"end":5600.53},{"text":"borne","start":5600.53,"end":5600.93},{"text":"in","start":5600.93,"end":5601.09},{"text":"mind.","start":5601.09,"end":5601.65}]},{"text":"First, universal jurisdiction is not and should not be the primary basis for the exercise of criminal jurisdiction by states.","start":5602.69,"end":5611.81,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiarity-and-last-resort","label":"Subsidiarity and Last Resort","description":"Numerous speakers argued that universal jurisdiction should be secondary to territorial, nationality-based, or other closer jurisdictional links. In this view, it should be used only when the state with primary jurisdiction is unwilling or unable genuinely to investigate and prosecute."}],"words":[{"text":"First,","start":5602.69,"end":5603.33},{"text":"universal","start":5603.65,"end":5604.29},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":5604.29,"end":5605.17},{"text":"is","start":5605.25,"end":5605.49},{"text":"not","start":5605.49,"end":5606.05},{"text":"and","start":5606.05,"end":5606.25},{"text":"should","start":5606.25,"end":5606.53},{"text":"not","start":5606.53,"end":5606.93},{"text":"be","start":5606.93,"end":5607.33},{"text":"the","start":5607.33,"end":5607.49},{"text":"primary","start":5607.49,"end":5607.97},{"text":"basis","start":5607.97,"end":5608.53},{"text":"for","start":5608.53,"end":5608.69},{"text":"the","start":5608.69,"end":5608.77},{"text":"exercise","start":5608.77,"end":5609.49},{"text":"of","start":5609.49,"end":5609.65},{"text":"criminal","start":5609.65,"end":5610.05},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":5610.05,"end":5610.85},{"text":"by","start":5610.85,"end":5611.09},{"text":"states.","start":5611.09,"end":5611.81}]},{"text":"Instead, the primary basis should be the territoriality principle or the nationality principle.","start":5612.57,"end":5619.05,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiarity-and-last-resort","label":"Subsidiarity and Last Resort","description":"Numerous speakers argued that universal jurisdiction should be secondary to territorial, nationality-based, or other closer jurisdictional links. In this view, it should be used only when the state with primary jurisdiction is unwilling or unable genuinely to investigate and prosecute."}],"words":[{"text":"Instead,","start":5612.57,"end":5613.21},{"text":"the","start":5613.53,"end":5613.65},{"text":"primary","start":5613.65,"end":5614.17},{"text":"basis","start":5614.17,"end":5614.73},{"text":"should","start":5614.73,"end":5614.97},{"text":"be","start":5614.97,"end":5615.29},{"text":"the","start":5615.37,"end":5615.53},{"text":"territoriality","start":5615.53,"end":5616.65},{"text":"principle","start":5616.65,"end":5617.29},{"text":"or","start":5617.29,"end":5617.41},{"text":"the","start":5617.41,"end":5617.53},{"text":"nationality","start":5617.53,"end":5618.33},{"text":"principle.","start":5618.33,"end":5619.05}]},{"text":"This means that the main responsibility for the exercise of criminal jurisdiction lies with the state in whose territory the crime has occurred or the state of nationality of the alleged perpetrator.","start":5620.09,"end":5633.61,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiarity-and-last-resort","label":"Subsidiarity and Last Resort","description":"Numerous speakers argued that universal jurisdiction should be secondary to territorial, nationality-based, or other closer jurisdictional links. In this view, it should be used only when the state with primary jurisdiction is unwilling or unable genuinely to investigate and prosecute."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":5620.09,"end":5620.33},{"text":"means","start":5620.33,"end":5620.89},{"text":"that","start":5621.21,"end":5621.41},{"text":"the","start":5621.41,"end":5621.53},{"text":"main","start":5621.53,"end":5621.77},{"text":"responsibility","start":5621.77,"end":5622.89},{"text":"for","start":5622.89,"end":5623.09},{"text":"the","start":5623.09,"end":5623.17},{"text":"exercise","start":5623.21,"end":5623.89},{"text":"of","start":5623.89,"end":5624.01},{"text":"criminal","start":5624.01,"end":5624.41},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":5624.41,"end":5625.29},{"text":"lies","start":5625.53,"end":5626.05},{"text":"with","start":5626.05,"end":5626.17},{"text":"the","start":5626.17,"end":5626.25},{"text":"state","start":5626.25,"end":5626.81},{"text":"in","start":5626.81,"end":5626.97},{"text":"whose","start":5626.97,"end":5627.29},{"text":"territory","start":5627.29,"end":5628.01},{"text":"the","start":5628.17,"end":5628.29},{"text":"crime","start":5628.29,"end":5628.65},{"text":"has","start":5628.65,"end":5628.81},{"text":"occurred","start":5628.81,"end":5629.37},{"text":"or","start":5630.01,"end":5630.17},{"text":"the","start":5630.17,"end":5630.25},{"text":"state","start":5630.25,"end":5630.97},{"text":"of","start":5630.97,"end":5631.05},{"text":"nationality","start":5631.05,"end":5631.97},{"text":"of","start":5631.97,"end":5632.09},{"text":"the","start":5632.09,"end":5632.21},{"text":"alleged","start":5632.21,"end":5632.65},{"text":"perpetrator.","start":5632.65,"end":5633.61}]},{"text":"Universal jurisdiction should only be invoked as a last resort to prevent the alleged perpetrator from continuing to act with impunity in situations where no state is able or willing to exercise the other established bases of jurisdiction, including the territoriality and nationality principles.","start":5634.53,"end":5655.73,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiarity-and-last-resort","label":"Subsidiarity and Last Resort","description":"Numerous speakers argued that universal jurisdiction should be secondary to territorial, nationality-based, or other closer jurisdictional links. In this view, it should be used only when the state with primary jurisdiction is unwilling or unable genuinely to investigate and prosecute."},{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."},{"key":"politicization-and-selective-use","label":"Politicization and Selective Use","description":"A widely shared concern was that universal jurisdiction can be abused for political, discriminatory, or selective purposes. Delegations warned against using domestic courts to target foreign officials or advance geopolitical agendas under the banner of justice."}],"words":[{"text":"Universal","start":5634.53,"end":5635.01},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":5635.01,"end":5635.89},{"text":"should","start":5636.05,"end":5636.29},{"text":"only","start":5636.29,"end":5636.61},{"text":"be","start":5636.61,"end":5636.81},{"text":"invoked","start":5636.81,"end":5637.41},{"text":"as","start":5637.41,"end":5637.61},{"text":"a","start":5637.61,"end":5637.65},{"text":"last","start":5637.65,"end":5638.13},{"text":"resort","start":5638.13,"end":5638.69},{"text":"to","start":5638.93,"end":5639.09},{"text":"prevent","start":5639.09,"end":5639.65},{"text":"the","start":5639.97,"end":5640.09},{"text":"alleged","start":5640.09,"end":5640.53},{"text":"perpetrator","start":5640.53,"end":5641.41},{"text":"from","start":5641.57,"end":5641.81},{"text":"continuing","start":5641.81,"end":5642.45},{"text":"to","start":5642.45,"end":5642.65},{"text":"act","start":5642.69,"end":5643.09},{"text":"with","start":5643.25,"end":5643.45},{"text":"impunity","start":5643.45,"end":5644.29},{"text":"in","start":5644.45,"end":5644.69},{"text":"situations","start":5644.69,"end":5645.37},{"text":"where","start":5645.37,"end":5645.53},{"text":"no","start":5645.53,"end":5645.89},{"text":"state","start":5645.89,"end":5646.37},{"text":"is","start":5646.37,"end":5646.53},{"text":"able","start":5646.61,"end":5647.01},{"text":"or","start":5647.01,"end":5647.17},{"text":"willing","start":5647.17,"end":5647.57},{"text":"to","start":5647.57,"end":5647.73},{"text":"exercise","start":5647.73,"end":5648.45},{"text":"the","start":5648.69,"end":5648.81},{"text":"other","start":5648.85,"end":5649.17},{"text":"established","start":5649.17,"end":5649.85},{"text":"bases","start":5649.85,"end":5650.53},{"text":"of","start":5650.53,"end":5650.65},{"text":"jurisdiction,","start":5650.65,"end":5651.57},{"text":"including","start":5651.81,"end":5652.53},{"text":"the","start":5652.53,"end":5652.65},{"text":"territoriality","start":5652.65,"end":5653.81},{"text":"and","start":5653.97,"end":5654.17},{"text":"nationality","start":5654.17,"end":5654.85},{"text":"principles.","start":5654.85,"end":5655.73}]},{"text":"This serves to reduce the potential for abuse while ensuring that the perpetrators of the most heinous crimes are held accountable.","start":5656.37,"end":5664.37,"topics":[{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."},{"key":"politicization-and-selective-use","label":"Politicization and Selective Use","description":"A widely shared concern was that universal jurisdiction can be abused for political, discriminatory, or selective purposes. Delegations warned against using domestic courts to target foreign officials or advance geopolitical agendas under the banner of justice."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":5656.37,"end":5656.73},{"text":"serves","start":5656.73,"end":5657.09},{"text":"to","start":5657.09,"end":5657.21},{"text":"reduce","start":5657.21,"end":5657.65},{"text":"the","start":5657.65,"end":5657.81},{"text":"potential","start":5657.81,"end":5658.37},{"text":"for","start":5658.37,"end":5658.49},{"text":"abuse","start":5658.49,"end":5659.09},{"text":"while","start":5659.29,"end":5659.53},{"text":"ensuring","start":5659.53,"end":5660.13},{"text":"that","start":5660.13,"end":5660.29},{"text":"the","start":5660.29,"end":5660.41},{"text":"perpetrators","start":5660.41,"end":5661.33},{"text":"of","start":5661.33,"end":5661.49},{"text":"the","start":5661.49,"end":5661.57},{"text":"most","start":5661.57,"end":5661.89},{"text":"heinous","start":5661.89,"end":5662.29},{"text":"crimes","start":5662.29,"end":5662.85},{"text":"are","start":5663.09,"end":5663.25},{"text":"held","start":5663.25,"end":5663.53},{"text":"accountable.","start":5663.53,"end":5664.37}]},{"text":"Second, the principle of universal jurisdiction should only be applied in respect of particularly grave crimes which are of interest to or affect the international community as a whole and where there is general agreement by the international community that it would be appropriate to apply the principle.","start":5665.89,"end":5685.09,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"Second,","start":5665.89,"end":5666.53},{"text":"the","start":5666.85,"end":5666.93},{"text":"principle","start":5666.93,"end":5667.49},{"text":"of","start":5667.49,"end":5667.65},{"text":"universal","start":5667.65,"end":5668.21},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":5668.21,"end":5669.09},{"text":"should","start":5669.25,"end":5669.49},{"text":"only","start":5669.49,"end":5669.81},{"text":"be","start":5669.81,"end":5669.97},{"text":"applied","start":5669.97,"end":5670.53},{"text":"in","start":5670.53,"end":5670.65},{"text":"respect","start":5670.65,"end":5671.25},{"text":"of","start":5671.25,"end":5671.41},{"text":"particularly","start":5671.41,"end":5672.21},{"text":"grave","start":5672.21,"end":5672.69},{"text":"crimes","start":5672.69,"end":5673.33},{"text":"which","start":5673.49,"end":5673.73},{"text":"are","start":5673.73,"end":5673.93},{"text":"of","start":5673.93,"end":5674.13},{"text":"interest","start":5674.13,"end":5674.65},{"text":"to","start":5674.65,"end":5674.93},{"text":"or","start":5675.09,"end":5675.29},{"text":"affect","start":5675.29,"end":5675.81},{"text":"the","start":5675.81,"end":5675.93},{"text":"international","start":5675.93,"end":5676.61},{"text":"community","start":5676.61,"end":5677.25},{"text":"as","start":5677.25,"end":5677.49},{"text":"a","start":5677.49,"end":5677.57},{"text":"whole","start":5677.57,"end":5678.05},{"text":"and","start":5678.45,"end":5678.61},{"text":"where","start":5678.61,"end":5678.77},{"text":"there","start":5678.77,"end":5678.97},{"text":"is","start":5678.97,"end":5679.09},{"text":"general","start":5679.09,"end":5679.49},{"text":"agreement","start":5679.49,"end":5680.21},{"text":"by","start":5680.21,"end":5680.37},{"text":"the","start":5680.37,"end":5680.49},{"text":"international","start":5680.49,"end":5681.17},{"text":"community","start":5681.17,"end":5681.97},{"text":"that","start":5682.21,"end":5682.37},{"text":"it","start":5682.37,"end":5682.45},{"text":"would","start":5682.45,"end":5682.69},{"text":"be","start":5682.69,"end":5682.85},{"text":"appropriate","start":5682.85,"end":5683.69},{"text":"to","start":5683.69,"end":5683.77},{"text":"apply","start":5683.77,"end":5684.21},{"text":"the","start":5684.21,"end":5684.33},{"text":"principle.","start":5684.33,"end":5685.09}]},{"text":"In this respect, we note that there remains significant variance as to the specific crimes which delegations consider to be crimes of international concern subject to universal jurisdiction.","start":5685.89,"end":5698.45,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":5685.89,"end":5686.05},{"text":"this","start":5686.05,"end":5686.29},{"text":"respect,","start":5686.29,"end":5687.09},{"text":"we","start":5687.25,"end":5687.45},{"text":"note","start":5687.45,"end":5687.97},{"text":"that","start":5688.13,"end":5688.33},{"text":"there","start":5688.33,"end":5688.57},{"text":"remains","start":5688.57,"end":5688.97},{"text":"significant","start":5688.97,"end":5689.77},{"text":"variance","start":5689.81,"end":5690.53},{"text":"as","start":5690.53,"end":5690.73},{"text":"to","start":5690.73,"end":5690.85},{"text":"the","start":5690.85,"end":5691.01},{"text":"specific","start":5691.01,"end":5691.61},{"text":"crimes","start":5691.61,"end":5692.13},{"text":"which","start":5692.13,"end":5692.33},{"text":"delegations","start":5692.33,"end":5693.09},{"text":"consider","start":5693.09,"end":5693.61},{"text":"to","start":5693.61,"end":5693.77},{"text":"be","start":5693.77,"end":5693.89},{"text":"crimes","start":5693.89,"end":5694.45},{"text":"of","start":5694.69,"end":5694.93},{"text":"international","start":5694.93,"end":5695.57},{"text":"concern","start":5695.57,"end":5696.29},{"text":"subject","start":5696.29,"end":5696.85},{"text":"to","start":5696.85,"end":5696.93},{"text":"universal","start":5696.93,"end":5697.57},{"text":"jurisdiction.","start":5697.57,"end":5698.45}]},{"text":"Third, we should keep in mind a clear distinction between, on the one hand, the exercise of universal jurisdiction, which is a principle of customary international law, And on the other hand, the exercise of jurisdiction pursuant to a treaty obligation to extradite or prosecute, or the exercise of jurisdiction by international tribunals constituted under specific treaty regimes.","start":5699.97,"end":5726.33,"topics":[{"key":"distinction-from-other-bases","label":"Distinction From Other Jurisdictional Bases","description":"Several speakers insisted that universal jurisdiction must be clearly distinguished from treaty-based obligations to extradite or prosecute, other forms of extraterritorial jurisdiction, and the jurisdiction of international criminal tribunals. They argued that conflating these concepts creates legal confusion and distorts state practice."}],"words":[{"text":"Third,","start":5699.97,"end":5700.45},{"text":"we","start":5700.93,"end":5701.09},{"text":"should","start":5701.09,"end":5701.25},{"text":"keep","start":5701.25,"end":5701.57},{"text":"in","start":5701.57,"end":5701.65},{"text":"mind","start":5701.65,"end":5702.21},{"text":"a","start":5702.21,"end":5702.29},{"text":"clear","start":5702.29,"end":5702.61},{"text":"distinction","start":5702.61,"end":5703.41},{"text":"between,","start":5703.41,"end":5704.13},{"text":"on","start":5704.73,"end":5704.85},{"text":"the","start":5704.85,"end":5704.97},{"text":"one","start":5704.97,"end":5705.25},{"text":"hand,","start":5705.25,"end":5705.81},{"text":"the","start":5705.81,"end":5705.93},{"text":"exercise","start":5705.97,"end":5706.61},{"text":"of","start":5706.61,"end":5706.77},{"text":"universal","start":5706.77,"end":5707.33},{"text":"jurisdiction,","start":5707.33,"end":5708.05},{"text":"which","start":5708.05,"end":5708.29},{"text":"is","start":5708.29,"end":5708.41},{"text":"a","start":5708.41,"end":5708.45},{"text":"principle","start":5708.45,"end":5709.01},{"text":"of","start":5709.01,"end":5709.09},{"text":"customary","start":5709.09,"end":5709.69},{"text":"international","start":5709.69,"end":5710.69},{"text":"law,","start":5710.69,"end":5710.77},{"text":"And","start":5711.37,"end":5711.65},{"text":"on","start":5711.65,"end":5711.73},{"text":"the","start":5711.73,"end":5711.81},{"text":"other","start":5711.81,"end":5712.01},{"text":"hand,","start":5712.01,"end":5712.49},{"text":"the","start":5712.65,"end":5712.85},{"text":"exercise","start":5712.85,"end":5713.49},{"text":"of","start":5713.49,"end":5713.61},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":5713.61,"end":5714.33},{"text":"pursuant","start":5714.33,"end":5715.09},{"text":"to","start":5715.09,"end":5715.17},{"text":"a","start":5715.17,"end":5715.21},{"text":"treaty","start":5715.21,"end":5715.77},{"text":"obligation","start":5715.77,"end":5716.57},{"text":"to","start":5716.57,"end":5716.73},{"text":"extradite","start":5716.73,"end":5717.53},{"text":"or","start":5717.77,"end":5717.93},{"text":"prosecute,","start":5717.93,"end":5718.81},{"text":"or","start":5719.29,"end":5719.45},{"text":"the","start":5719.45,"end":5719.57},{"text":"exercise","start":5719.61,"end":5720.41},{"text":"of","start":5720.41,"end":5720.57},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":5720.57,"end":5721.25},{"text":"by","start":5721.25,"end":5721.45},{"text":"international","start":5721.45,"end":5722.01},{"text":"tribunals","start":5722.01,"end":5722.81},{"text":"constituted","start":5722.97,"end":5723.93},{"text":"under","start":5723.97,"end":5724.25},{"text":"specific","start":5724.25,"end":5724.97},{"text":"treaty","start":5724.97,"end":5725.45},{"text":"regimes.","start":5725.45,"end":5726.33}]},{"text":"The exercise of jurisdiction in each of these scenarios has different sets of considerations, juridical basis, objectives, and rationales.","start":5726.81,"end":5736.09,"topics":[{"key":"distinction-from-other-bases","label":"Distinction From Other Jurisdictional Bases","description":"Several speakers insisted that universal jurisdiction must be clearly distinguished from treaty-based obligations to extradite or prosecute, other forms of extraterritorial jurisdiction, and the jurisdiction of international criminal tribunals. They argued that conflating these concepts creates legal confusion and distorts state practice."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":5726.81,"end":5726.93},{"text":"exercise","start":5726.97,"end":5727.61},{"text":"of","start":5727.61,"end":5727.69},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":5727.69,"end":5728.49},{"text":"in","start":5728.49,"end":5728.65},{"text":"each","start":5728.65,"end":5728.93},{"text":"of","start":5728.93,"end":5729.05},{"text":"these","start":5729.05,"end":5729.25},{"text":"scenarios","start":5729.25,"end":5730.01},{"text":"has","start":5730.17,"end":5730.41},{"text":"different","start":5730.41,"end":5730.85},{"text":"sets","start":5730.85,"end":5731.29},{"text":"of","start":5731.29,"end":5731.45},{"text":"considerations,","start":5731.45,"end":5732.49},{"text":"juridical","start":5732.73,"end":5733.29},{"text":"basis,","start":5733.29,"end":5734.01},{"text":"objectives,","start":5734.17,"end":5734.97},{"text":"and","start":5734.97,"end":5735.17},{"text":"rationales.","start":5735.17,"end":5736.09}]},{"text":"They should not be conflated.","start":5736.33,"end":5738.41,"topics":[{"key":"distinction-from-other-bases","label":"Distinction From Other Jurisdictional Bases","description":"Several speakers insisted that universal jurisdiction must be clearly distinguished from treaty-based obligations to extradite or prosecute, other forms of extraterritorial jurisdiction, and the jurisdiction of international criminal tribunals. 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Several delegations warned that ignoring these principles would damage interstate relations and the legitimacy of the legal system."}],"words":[{"text":"Finally,","start":5739.97,"end":5740.53},{"text":"universal","start":5740.85,"end":5741.49},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":5741.49,"end":5742.37},{"text":"exists","start":5742.37,"end":5742.85},{"text":"within","start":5742.85,"end":5743.13},{"text":"the","start":5743.13,"end":5743.25},{"text":"larger","start":5743.25,"end":5743.81},{"text":"international","start":5743.81,"end":5744.57},{"text":"legal","start":5744.57,"end":5744.93},{"text":"order.","start":5744.93,"end":5745.49}]},{"text":"It cannot be applied in isolation from or to the exclusion of other applicable principles of international law.","start":5746.05,"end":5753.57,"topics":[{"key":"sovereignty-and-immunities","label":"Sovereignty and Immunities","description":"Many statements emphasized that the exercise of universal jurisdiction must respect sovereign equality, non-interference, territorial integrity, and the immunities of state officials under international law. 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Several delegations warned that ignoring these principles would damage interstate relations and the legitimacy of the legal system."}],"words":[{"text":"These","start":5754.21,"end":5754.45},{"text":"principles","start":5754.45,"end":5755.09},{"text":"include","start":5755.09,"end":5755.81},{"text":"the","start":5756.21,"end":5756.41},{"text":"immunity","start":5756.41,"end":5756.97},{"text":"of","start":5756.97,"end":5757.09},{"text":"state","start":5757.09,"end":5757.41},{"text":"officials","start":5757.41,"end":5757.93},{"text":"from","start":5757.93,"end":5758.13},{"text":"foreign","start":5758.13,"end":5758.45},{"text":"criminal","start":5758.45,"end":5759.01},{"text":"jurisdiction,","start":5759.01,"end":5759.81},{"text":"state","start":5760.05,"end":5760.53},{"text":"sovereignty","start":5760.53,"end":5761.25},{"text":"and","start":5761.25,"end":5761.49},{"text":"territorial","start":5761.49,"end":5762.13},{"text":"integrity.","start":5762.13,"end":5763.01}]},{"text":"Universal jurisdiction must also be applied in a manner consistent with the principles of due process, transparency, rules of procedure and evidence, and international comity, amongst others.","start":5763.85,"end":5776.49,"topics":[{"key":"procedural-safeguards","label":"Procedural Safeguards","description":"Many delegations called for procedural limits to ensure fair and disciplined use of universal jurisdiction. Frequently mentioned safeguards included the presence of the accused in the forum state, due process guarantees, prior consultation with concerned states, high-level prosecutorial review, and protection against duplicative 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delegation looks forward to the discussions at the Working Group at the 81st session with great 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Chair.","start":5784.33,"end":5785.61,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":5784.33,"end":5784.61},{"text":"you,","start":5784.61,"end":5784.73},{"text":"Mr.","start":5784.73,"end":5785.01},{"text":"Vice","start":5785.01,"end":5785.29},{"text":"Chair.","start":5785.29,"end":5785.61}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"SGP","affiliation_full":"Singapore","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":43,"start":5787.93,"pageUrl":"/en/ga/c6/80/23?t=5788","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you for your statement.","start":5787.93,"end":5789.69,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":5787.93,"end":5788.17},{"text":"you","start":5788.17,"end":5788.41},{"text":"for","start":5788.41,"end":5788.57},{"text":"your","start":5788.57,"end":5788.73},{"text":"statement.","start":5788.73,"end":5789.69}]},{"text":"The Committee will now hear the statement by the representative of 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Chair.","start":5797.85,"end":5798.57,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":5797.85,"end":5798.01},{"text":"you,","start":5798.01,"end":5798.13},{"text":"Chair.","start":5798.17,"end":5798.57}]},{"text":"We thank the Secretary-General for his report under this agenda item.","start":5800.33,"end":5804.81,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":5800.33,"end":5800.49},{"text":"thank","start":5800.49,"end":5800.81},{"text":"the","start":5800.81,"end":5800.97},{"text":"Secretary-General","start":5801.21,"end":5802.33},{"text":"for","start":5802.33,"end":5802.57},{"text":"his","start":5802.57,"end":5802.81},{"text":"report","start":5802.81,"end":5803.29},{"text":"under","start":5803.29,"end":5803.53},{"text":"this","start":5803.53,"end":5803.85},{"text":"agenda","start":5803.85,"end":5804.33},{"text":"item.","start":5804.33,"end":5804.81}]},{"text":"Turkey recognises the importance of preventing impunity for perpetrators of the most serious crimes under international 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It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."}],"words":[{"text":"Turkey","start":5805.61,"end":5806.01},{"text":"recognises","start":5806.01,"end":5806.69},{"text":"the","start":5806.69,"end":5806.77},{"text":"importance","start":5806.77,"end":5807.37},{"text":"of","start":5807.41,"end":5807.53},{"text":"preventing","start":5807.53,"end":5808.25},{"text":"impunity","start":5808.25,"end":5808.97},{"text":"for","start":5808.97,"end":5809.21},{"text":"perpetrators","start":5809.21,"end":5810.17},{"text":"of","start":5810.21,"end":5810.37},{"text":"the","start":5810.37,"end":5810.49},{"text":"most","start":5810.49,"end":5811.21},{"text":"serious","start":5811.21,"end":5811.69},{"text":"crimes","start":5811.69,"end":5812.09},{"text":"under","start":5812.09,"end":5812.37},{"text":"international","start":5812.37,"end":5813.41},{"text":"law.","start":5813.41,"end":5813.49}]},{"text":"In this regard, we consider that the primary role shall be assumed by Member States at national level and through effective intergovernmental cooperation.","start":5814.29,"end":5825.01,"topics":[{"key":"cooperation-and-national-capacity","label":"International Cooperation and National Capacity","description":"A recurring topic was the need to strengthen domestic justice systems and expand cooperation through extradition, mutual legal assistance, and judicial coordination. Delegations argued that stronger national capacity and better interstate cooperation are essential both to combat impunity and to reduce overreliance on universal jurisdiction."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":5814.29,"end":5814.33},{"text":"this","start":5814.33,"end":5814.61},{"text":"regard,","start":5814.61,"end":5815.09},{"text":"we","start":5815.17,"end":5815.33},{"text":"consider","start":5815.33,"end":5815.97},{"text":"that","start":5815.97,"end":5816.21},{"text":"the","start":5816.21,"end":5816.29},{"text":"primary","start":5816.29,"end":5816.93},{"text":"role","start":5816.93,"end":5817.33},{"text":"shall","start":5817.33,"end":5817.65},{"text":"be","start":5817.65,"end":5817.81},{"text":"assumed","start":5817.81,"end":5818.29},{"text":"by","start":5818.29,"end":5818.45},{"text":"Member","start":5818.45,"end":5818.85},{"text":"States","start":5818.85,"end":5819.33},{"text":"at","start":5819.33,"end":5819.57},{"text":"national","start":5819.57,"end":5820.13},{"text":"level","start":5820.13,"end":5820.53},{"text":"and","start":5820.85,"end":5821.05},{"text":"through","start":5821.05,"end":5821.41},{"text":"effective","start":5822.05,"end":5822.69},{"text":"intergovernmental","start":5822.69,"end":5823.97},{"text":"cooperation.","start":5823.97,"end":5825.01}]},{"text":"Turkey also considers that universal jurisdiction is an exceptional tool that needs to be a last resort to eliminate impunity.","start":5825.81,"end":5834.45,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiarity-and-last-resort","label":"Subsidiarity and Last Resort","description":"Numerous speakers argued that universal jurisdiction should be secondary to territorial, nationality-based, or other closer jurisdictional links. In this view, it should be used only when the state with primary jurisdiction is unwilling or unable genuinely to investigate and prosecute."}],"words":[{"text":"Turkey","start":5825.81,"end":5826.21},{"text":"also","start":5826.21,"end":5826.53},{"text":"considers","start":5826.53,"end":5827.25},{"text":"that","start":5827.25,"end":5827.49},{"text":"universal","start":5827.49,"end":5828.05},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":5828.05,"end":5828.77},{"text":"is","start":5828.77,"end":5829.01},{"text":"an","start":5829.05,"end":5829.21},{"text":"exceptional","start":5829.21,"end":5829.97},{"text":"tool","start":5829.97,"end":5830.37},{"text":"that","start":5830.53,"end":5830.85},{"text":"needs","start":5830.85,"end":5831.05},{"text":"to","start":5831.05,"end":5831.25},{"text":"be","start":5831.25,"end":5831.49},{"text":"a","start":5831.49,"end":5831.53},{"text":"last","start":5831.53,"end":5831.97},{"text":"resort","start":5831.97,"end":5832.61},{"text":"to","start":5832.85,"end":5832.97},{"text":"eliminate","start":5833.01,"end":5833.65},{"text":"impunity.","start":5833.65,"end":5834.45}]},{"text":"Member States have emphasized the exceptional character of the principle in their contributions as reflected in the various reports by the Secretary General under this agenda item in the past years.","start":5835.69,"end":5848.09,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiarity-and-last-resort","label":"Subsidiarity and Last Resort","description":"Numerous speakers argued that universal jurisdiction should be secondary to territorial, nationality-based, or other closer jurisdictional links. In this view, it should be used only when the state with primary jurisdiction is unwilling or unable genuinely to investigate and prosecute."}],"words":[{"text":"Member","start":5835.69,"end":5836.01},{"text":"States","start":5836.01,"end":5836.57},{"text":"have","start":5836.57,"end":5836.73},{"text":"emphasized","start":5836.73,"end":5837.49},{"text":"the","start":5837.49,"end":5837.57},{"text":"exceptional","start":5837.57,"end":5838.33},{"text":"character","start":5838.33,"end":5839.05},{"text":"of","start":5839.05,"end":5839.21},{"text":"the","start":5839.21,"end":5839.29},{"text":"principle","start":5839.29,"end":5839.93},{"text":"in","start":5839.93,"end":5840.09},{"text":"their","start":5840.09,"end":5840.33},{"text":"contributions","start":5840.33,"end":5841.37},{"text":"as","start":5841.37,"end":5841.61},{"text":"reflected","start":5841.61,"end":5842.17},{"text":"in","start":5842.17,"end":5842.33},{"text":"the","start":5842.33,"end":5842.41},{"text":"various","start":5842.41,"end":5842.97},{"text":"reports","start":5843.21,"end":5843.77},{"text":"by","start":5843.77,"end":5843.93},{"text":"the","start":5843.93,"end":5844.09},{"text":"Secretary","start":5844.25,"end":5844.89},{"text":"General","start":5844.89,"end":5845.37},{"text":"under","start":5845.37,"end":5845.69},{"text":"this","start":5845.69,"end":5846.01},{"text":"agenda","start":5846.09,"end":5846.49},{"text":"item","start":5846.49,"end":5846.97},{"text":"in","start":5846.97,"end":5847.09},{"text":"the","start":5847.09,"end":5847.17},{"text":"past","start":5847.17,"end":5847.61},{"text":"years.","start":5847.61,"end":5848.09}]},{"text":"These reports have also included references to other notable characteristics of this principle such as its secondary nature in relation to certain other principles like the territoriality and active or passive personality principles.","start":5848.81,"end":5865.77,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiarity-and-last-resort","label":"Subsidiarity and Last Resort","description":"Numerous speakers argued that universal jurisdiction should be secondary to territorial, nationality-based, or other closer jurisdictional links. In this view, it should be used only when the state with primary jurisdiction is unwilling or unable genuinely to investigate and prosecute."},{"key":"distinction-from-other-bases","label":"Distinction From Other Jurisdictional Bases","description":"Several speakers insisted that universal jurisdiction must be clearly distinguished from treaty-based obligations to extradite or prosecute, other forms of extraterritorial jurisdiction, and the jurisdiction of international criminal tribunals. They argued that conflating these concepts creates legal confusion and distorts state practice."}],"words":[{"text":"These","start":5848.81,"end":5849.13},{"text":"reports","start":5849.13,"end":5849.77},{"text":"have","start":5849.77,"end":5850.01},{"text":"also","start":5850.01,"end":5850.41},{"text":"included","start":5850.41,"end":5851.05},{"text":"references","start":5851.05,"end":5851.93},{"text":"to","start":5852.01,"end":5852.25},{"text":"other","start":5852.25,"end":5852.49},{"text":"notable","start":5852.49,"end":5853.05},{"text":"characteristics","start":5853.05,"end":5853.93},{"text":"of","start":5853.93,"end":5854.09},{"text":"this","start":5854.09,"end":5854.33},{"text":"principle","start":5854.33,"end":5855.05},{"text":"such","start":5855.05,"end":5855.37},{"text":"as","start":5855.37,"end":5855.69},{"text":"its","start":5856.33,"end":5856.53},{"text":"secondary","start":5856.53,"end":5857.29},{"text":"nature","start":5857.61,"end":5858.25},{"text":"in","start":5858.25,"end":5858.41},{"text":"relation","start":5858.41,"end":5858.89},{"text":"to","start":5858.89,"end":5859.05},{"text":"certain","start":5859.13,"end":5859.61},{"text":"other","start":5859.61,"end":5859.85},{"text":"principles","start":5859.85,"end":5860.49},{"text":"like","start":5860.49,"end":5860.69},{"text":"the","start":5860.69,"end":5860.81},{"text":"territoriality","start":5860.81,"end":5862.01},{"text":"and","start":5862.49,"end":5862.81},{"text":"active","start":5862.89,"end":5863.37},{"text":"or","start":5863.37,"end":5863.77},{"text":"passive","start":5863.77,"end":5864.17},{"text":"personality","start":5864.17,"end":5864.93},{"text":"principles.","start":5864.93,"end":5865.77}]},{"text":"This delegation is of the view that broad and legitimate concerns expressed by many delegations over the lack of a common understanding regarding the scope of this principle and its potential for abuse or misuse need to be taken into account, hence Turkey firmly believes that the principle must be exercised in strict compliance with the Charter of the United Nations.","start":5867.13,"end":5894.09,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."},{"key":"politicization-and-selective-use","label":"Politicization and Selective Use","description":"A widely shared concern was that universal jurisdiction can be abused for political, discriminatory, or selective purposes. Delegations warned against using domestic courts to target foreign officials or advance geopolitical agendas under the banner of justice."},{"key":"sovereignty-and-immunities","label":"Sovereignty and Immunities","description":"Many statements emphasized that the exercise of universal jurisdiction must respect sovereign equality, non-interference, territorial integrity, and the immunities of state officials under international law. Several delegations warned that ignoring these principles would damage interstate relations and the legitimacy of the legal system."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":5867.13,"end":5867.37},{"text":"delegation","start":5867.37,"end":5868.01},{"text":"is","start":5868.01,"end":5868.29},{"text":"of","start":5868.29,"end":5868.41},{"text":"the","start":5868.41,"end":5868.53},{"text":"view","start":5868.53,"end":5868.97},{"text":"that","start":5869.05,"end":5869.37},{"text":"broad","start":5869.37,"end":5869.85},{"text":"and","start":5869.93,"end":5870.17},{"text":"legitimate","start":5870.17,"end":5870.81},{"text":"concerns","start":5870.81,"end":5871.61},{"text":"expressed","start":5871.77,"end":5872.25},{"text":"by","start":5872.25,"end":5872.41},{"text":"many","start":5872.41,"end":5872.69},{"text":"delegations","start":5872.69,"end":5873.45},{"text":"over","start":5873.45,"end":5873.85},{"text":"the","start":5874.41,"end":5874.53},{"text":"lack","start":5874.57,"end":5874.89},{"text":"of","start":5875.01,"end":5875.13},{"text":"a","start":5875.13,"end":5875.21},{"text":"common","start":5875.21,"end":5875.61},{"text":"understanding","start":5875.61,"end":5876.41},{"text":"regarding","start":5876.41,"end":5877.05},{"text":"the","start":5877.05,"end":5877.13},{"text":"scope","start":5877.13,"end":5877.53},{"text":"of","start":5877.53,"end":5877.69},{"text":"this","start":5877.69,"end":5877.93},{"text":"principle","start":5877.93,"end":5878.65},{"text":"and","start":5878.65,"end":5878.89},{"text":"its","start":5878.89,"end":5879.05},{"text":"potential","start":5879.05,"end":5879.85},{"text":"for","start":5880.09,"end":5880.49},{"text":"abuse","start":5880.81,"end":5881.29},{"text":"or","start":5881.29,"end":5881.45},{"text":"misuse","start":5881.45,"end":5882.17},{"text":"need","start":5882.33,"end":5882.57},{"text":"to","start":5882.57,"end":5882.69},{"text":"be","start":5882.69,"end":5882.81},{"text":"taken","start":5882.81,"end":5883.21},{"text":"into","start":5883.21,"end":5883.49},{"text":"account,","start":5883.49,"end":5884.09},{"text":"hence","start":5884.65,"end":5885.21},{"text":"Turkey","start":5885.69,"end":5886.01},{"text":"firmly","start":5886.01,"end":5886.57},{"text":"believes","start":5886.57,"end":5887.13},{"text":"that","start":5887.13,"end":5887.33},{"text":"the","start":5887.33,"end":5887.45},{"text":"principle","start":5887.45,"end":5888.01},{"text":"must","start":5888.01,"end":5888.29},{"text":"be","start":5888.29,"end":5888.41},{"text":"exercised","start":5888.41,"end":5889.29},{"text":"in","start":5889.29,"end":5889.45},{"text":"strict","start":5889.45,"end":5890.17},{"text":"compliance","start":5890.17,"end":5890.97},{"text":"with","start":5890.97,"end":5891.09},{"text":"the","start":5891.09,"end":5891.17},{"text":"Charter","start":5891.21,"end":5891.65},{"text":"of","start":5891.65,"end":5891.77},{"text":"the","start":5891.77,"end":5891.85},{"text":"United","start":5891.85,"end":5892.37},{"text":"Nations.","start":5892.97,"end":5894.09}]},{"text":"Mr. Chair, according to our legislation, exercise of jurisdiction is subject to strict requirements and conditions over certain serious crimes, regardless of the nationality of the perpetrator or where the crime was committed.","start":5895.89,"end":5910.57,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":5895.89,"end":5896.21},{"text":"Chair,","start":5896.21,"end":5896.65},{"text":"according","start":5897.13,"end":5897.61},{"text":"to","start":5897.61,"end":5897.77},{"text":"our","start":5897.77,"end":5898.01},{"text":"legislation,","start":5898.01,"end":5898.81},{"text":"exercise","start":5898.81,"end":5899.53},{"text":"of","start":5899.53,"end":5899.69},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":5899.85,"end":5900.49},{"text":"is","start":5900.49,"end":5900.61},{"text":"subject","start":5900.61,"end":5901.25},{"text":"to","start":5901.25,"end":5901.33},{"text":"strict","start":5901.33,"end":5901.85},{"text":"requirements","start":5901.85,"end":5902.57},{"text":"and","start":5902.65,"end":5902.81},{"text":"conditions","start":5902.81,"end":5903.53},{"text":"over","start":5903.53,"end":5903.77},{"text":"certain","start":5903.77,"end":5904.25},{"text":"serious","start":5904.25,"end":5904.73},{"text":"crimes,","start":5904.73,"end":5905.21},{"text":"regardless","start":5905.29,"end":5906.25},{"text":"of","start":5906.25,"end":5906.41},{"text":"the","start":5906.41,"end":5906.49},{"text":"nationality","start":5906.49,"end":5907.25},{"text":"of","start":5907.25,"end":5907.37},{"text":"the","start":5907.37,"end":5907.53},{"text":"perpetrator","start":5907.53,"end":5908.41},{"text":"or","start":5908.81,"end":5909.05},{"text":"where","start":5909.05,"end":5909.29},{"text":"the","start":5909.29,"end":5909.37},{"text":"crime","start":5909.37,"end":5909.69},{"text":"was","start":5909.69,"end":5909.85},{"text":"committed.","start":5909.85,"end":5910.57}]},{"text":"That being said, Turkey is also party to various bilateral and multilateral treaties that contain provisions concerning the principle of prosecute or extradite, which is also relevant in terms of the discussions on the concept of universal jurisdiction, and it provides an alternative route to achieve the goal of ensuring accountability for serious international crimes.","start":5911.57,"end":5934.97,"topics":[{"key":"distinction-from-other-bases","label":"Distinction From Other Jurisdictional Bases","description":"Several speakers insisted that universal jurisdiction must be clearly distinguished from treaty-based obligations to extradite or prosecute, other forms of extraterritorial jurisdiction, and the jurisdiction of international criminal tribunals. They argued that conflating these concepts creates legal confusion and distorts state practice."},{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."}],"words":[{"text":"That","start":5911.57,"end":5911.69},{"text":"being","start":5911.69,"end":5912.01},{"text":"said,","start":5912.01,"end":5912.29},{"text":"Turkey","start":5912.29,"end":5912.69},{"text":"is","start":5912.69,"end":5912.81},{"text":"also","start":5912.81,"end":5913.13},{"text":"party","start":5913.13,"end":5913.53},{"text":"to","start":5913.53,"end":5913.69},{"text":"various","start":5913.69,"end":5914.33},{"text":"bilateral","start":5914.33,"end":5915.05},{"text":"and","start":5915.05,"end":5915.25},{"text":"multilateral","start":5915.25,"end":5916.09},{"text":"treaties","start":5916.09,"end":5916.57},{"text":"that","start":5916.57,"end":5916.73},{"text":"contain","start":5916.73,"end":5917.29},{"text":"provisions","start":5917.29,"end":5918.01},{"text":"concerning","start":5918.01,"end":5918.57},{"text":"the","start":5918.57,"end":5918.65},{"text":"principle","start":5918.65,"end":5919.45},{"text":"of","start":5919.73,"end":5919.93},{"text":"prosecute","start":5919.93,"end":5920.65},{"text":"or","start":5920.65,"end":5920.81},{"text":"extradite,","start":5920.81,"end":5921.93},{"text":"which","start":5922.09,"end":5922.29},{"text":"is","start":5922.29,"end":5922.41},{"text":"also","start":5922.41,"end":5922.69},{"text":"relevant","start":5922.69,"end":5923.21},{"text":"in","start":5923.21,"end":5923.37},{"text":"terms","start":5923.37,"end":5923.73},{"text":"of","start":5923.73,"end":5923.85},{"text":"the","start":5923.85,"end":5923.97},{"text":"discussions","start":5923.97,"end":5924.81},{"text":"on","start":5924.89,"end":5925.05},{"text":"the","start":5925.05,"end":5925.13},{"text":"concept","start":5925.13,"end":5925.69},{"text":"of","start":5925.69,"end":5925.93},{"text":"universal","start":5926.09,"end":5926.81},{"text":"jurisdiction,","start":5926.81,"end":5927.53},{"text":"and","start":5928.09,"end":5928.25},{"text":"it","start":5928.25,"end":5928.37},{"text":"provides","start":5928.41,"end":5928.97},{"text":"an","start":5929.01,"end":5929.13},{"text":"alternative","start":5929.13,"end":5929.77},{"text":"route","start":5929.77,"end":5930.09},{"text":"to","start":5930.17,"end":5930.41},{"text":"achieve","start":5930.41,"end":5930.81},{"text":"the","start":5930.81,"end":5930.89},{"text":"goal","start":5930.89,"end":5931.25},{"text":"of","start":5931.25,"end":5931.45},{"text":"ensuring","start":5931.45,"end":5932.05},{"text":"accountability","start":5932.09,"end":5932.97},{"text":"for","start":5932.97,"end":5933.21},{"text":"serious","start":5933.21,"end":5933.69},{"text":"international","start":5933.69,"end":5934.41},{"text":"crimes.","start":5934.41,"end":5934.97}]},{"text":"Chair, we would like to conclude by reiterating our commitment to fighting impunity while at the same time underlining the delicate balance that needs to be observed between this important goal and respecting the fundamental principles of international law, such as sovereign equality of states and non-interference in internal affairs and relations in the context of application of the principle of universal jurisdiction.","start":5935.77,"end":5964.25,"topics":[{"key":"sovereignty-and-immunities","label":"Sovereignty and Immunities","description":"Many statements emphasized that the exercise of universal jurisdiction must respect sovereign equality, non-interference, territorial integrity, and the immunities of state officials under international law. Several delegations warned that ignoring these principles would damage interstate relations and the legitimacy of the legal system."},{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. 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The Russian Federation is committed to combating impunity for the most serious crimes under international law.","start":5977.69,"end":5987.41,"topics":[{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."}],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":5977.69,"end":5978.09},{"text":"you,","start":5978.09,"end":5978.21},{"text":"Mr.","start":5978.21,"end":5978.49},{"text":"Chairman.","start":5978.49,"end":5979.13},{"text":"The","start":5980.49,"end":5980.69},{"text":"Russian","start":5980.73,"end":5981.13},{"text":"Federation","start":5981.73,"end":5982.25},{"text":"is","start":5982.25,"end":5982.57},{"text":"committed","start":5982.57,"end":5982.93},{"text":"to","start":5982.93,"end":5983.13},{"text":"combating","start":5983.13,"end":5983.65},{"text":"impunity","start":5983.65,"end":5984.41},{"text":"for","start":5984.65,"end":5984.77},{"text":"the","start":5984.77,"end":5984.85},{"text":"most","start":5984.85,"end":5985.05},{"text":"serious","start":5985.05,"end":5985.45},{"text":"crimes","start":5985.45,"end":5986.01},{"text":"under","start":5986.01,"end":5986.29},{"text":"international","start":5986.29,"end":5987.05},{"text":"law.","start":5987.13,"end":5987.41}]},{"text":"We have read the latest Secretary General's report, which reflects the positions of States on the concept of universal jurisdiction.","start":5988.65,"end":5997.57,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":5988.65,"end":5989.05},{"text":"have","start":5989.05,"end":5989.29},{"text":"read","start":5989.29,"end":5989.61},{"text":"the","start":5989.61,"end":5989.81},{"text":"latest","start":5989.93,"end":5990.41},{"text":"Secretary","start":5990.41,"end":5990.77},{"text":"General's","start":5990.77,"end":5991.29},{"text":"report,","start":5991.29,"end":5991.85},{"text":"which","start":5992.49,"end":5992.85},{"text":"reflects","start":5992.85,"end":5993.41},{"text":"the","start":5993.45,"end":5993.53},{"text":"positions","start":5993.57,"end":5994.09},{"text":"of","start":5994.09,"end":5994.17},{"text":"States","start":5994.17,"end":5994.77},{"text":"on","start":5994.93,"end":5995.33},{"text":"the","start":5995.33,"end":5995.45},{"text":"concept","start":5995.45,"end":5996.05},{"text":"of","start":5996.05,"end":5996.13},{"text":"universal","start":5996.13,"end":5996.69},{"text":"jurisdiction.","start":5996.69,"end":5997.57}]},{"text":"As with previous reports, we see no signs of these positions converging.","start":5998.21,"end":6004.45,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":5998.21,"end":5998.53},{"text":"with","start":5998.53,"end":5998.81},{"text":"previous","start":5998.81,"end":5999.49},{"text":"reports,","start":5999.49,"end":6000.21},{"text":"we","start":6000.53,"end":6000.77},{"text":"see","start":6000.77,"end":6001.09},{"text":"no","start":6001.09,"end":6001.41},{"text":"signs","start":6001.41,"end":6001.97},{"text":"of","start":6002.05,"end":6002.45},{"text":"these","start":6002.53,"end":6002.93},{"text":"positions","start":6002.97,"end":6003.57},{"text":"converging.","start":6003.57,"end":6004.45}]},{"text":"The years of discussion of this issue in the Sixth Committee based on an informal working document drafted with the assistance of the Secretariat well illustrates the extent of disagreements of States regarding the concept of universal jurisdiction.","start":6005.25,"end":6021.89,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. 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States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"De","start":6022.69,"end":6022.85},{"text":"facto,","start":6022.85,"end":6023.25},{"text":"we","start":6023.25,"end":6023.33},{"text":"are","start":6023.33,"end":6023.41},{"text":"talking","start":6023.41,"end":6023.77},{"text":"about","start":6023.77,"end":6024.05},{"text":"diametrically","start":6024.05,"end":6024.85},{"text":"opposing","start":6024.85,"end":6025.41},{"text":"views","start":6025.41,"end":6025.97},{"text":"that","start":6026.29,"end":6026.49},{"text":"exclude","start":6026.49,"end":6027.25},{"text":"the","start":6027.41,"end":6027.61},{"text":"possibility","start":6027.65,"end":6028.41},{"text":"of","start":6028.41,"end":6028.53},{"text":"forming","start":6028.53,"end":6029.01},{"text":"a","start":6029.01,"end":6029.09},{"text":"universal","start":6029.09,"end":6029.73},{"text":"approach","start":6029.73,"end":6030.21},{"text":"in","start":6030.21,"end":6030.57},{"text":"this","start":6030.57,"end":6030.85},{"text":"area.","start":6030.85,"end":6031.41}]},{"text":"Over this time, there has been no agreement reached on a basic understanding of the very general contours and outlines of this concept.","start":6032.53,"end":6042.37,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"Over","start":6032.53,"end":6032.89},{"text":"this","start":6032.93,"end":6033.33},{"text":"time,","start":6033.33,"end":6033.89},{"text":"there","start":6034.29,"end":6034.73},{"text":"has","start":6034.73,"end":6035.01},{"text":"been","start":6035.01,"end":6035.25},{"text":"no","start":6035.25,"end":6035.57},{"text":"agreement","start":6035.57,"end":6036.13},{"text":"reached","start":6036.13,"end":6036.61},{"text":"on","start":6036.61,"end":6037.01},{"text":"a","start":6037.33,"end":6037.37},{"text":"basic","start":6037.37,"end":6037.97},{"text":"understanding","start":6037.97,"end":6038.77},{"text":"of","start":6038.85,"end":6039.25},{"text":"the","start":6039.33,"end":6039.41},{"text":"very","start":6039.41,"end":6039.65},{"text":"general","start":6039.65,"end":6040.05},{"text":"contours","start":6040.05,"end":6040.61},{"text":"and","start":6040.61,"end":6040.73},{"text":"outlines","start":6040.77,"end":6041.33},{"text":"of","start":6041.33,"end":6041.49},{"text":"this","start":6041.49,"end":6041.65},{"text":"concept.","start":6041.65,"end":6042.37}]},{"text":"There is no agreement either on the general thrust of the relevant topic in the committee.","start":6042.69,"end":6048.13,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"There","start":6042.69,"end":6042.81},{"text":"is","start":6042.81,"end":6042.93},{"text":"no","start":6042.93,"end":6043.33},{"text":"agreement","start":6043.33,"end":6043.97},{"text":"either","start":6043.97,"end":6044.45},{"text":"on","start":6044.45,"end":6044.61},{"text":"the","start":6044.61,"end":6044.69},{"text":"general","start":6044.69,"end":6045.09},{"text":"thrust","start":6045.09,"end":6045.57},{"text":"of","start":6045.97,"end":6046.17},{"text":"the","start":6046.17,"end":6046.25},{"text":"relevant","start":6046.29,"end":6046.81},{"text":"topic","start":6046.81,"end":6047.21},{"text":"in","start":6047.21,"end":6047.33},{"text":"the","start":6047.33,"end":6047.41},{"text":"committee.","start":6047.41,"end":6048.13}]},{"text":"Some states want to continue to work on it further, including academic circles and experts in it.","start":6049.37,"end":6059.45,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Some","start":6049.37,"end":6049.69},{"text":"states","start":6049.69,"end":6050.49},{"text":"want","start":6050.65,"end":6051.01},{"text":"to","start":6051.01,"end":6051.13},{"text":"continue","start":6051.13,"end":6051.69},{"text":"to","start":6051.69,"end":6051.85},{"text":"work","start":6051.85,"end":6052.33},{"text":"on","start":6052.33,"end":6052.73},{"text":"it","start":6052.73,"end":6052.97},{"text":"further,","start":6052.97,"end":6053.41},{"text":"including","start":6053.41,"end":6054.17},{"text":"academic","start":6054.73,"end":6057.37},{"text":"circles","start":6057.37,"end":6057.89},{"text":"and","start":6057.89,"end":6058.01},{"text":"experts","start":6058.01,"end":6058.65},{"text":"in","start":6058.65,"end":6059.05},{"text":"it.","start":6059.05,"end":6059.45}]},{"text":"Others note that there is a pointless waste of time and efforts given the clear deadlock here.","start":6059.93,"end":6067.17,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Others","start":6059.93,"end":6060.57},{"text":"note","start":6060.81,"end":6061.21},{"text":"that","start":6061.21,"end":6061.37},{"text":"there","start":6061.37,"end":6061.73},{"text":"is","start":6061.85,"end":6062.25},{"text":"a","start":6062.41,"end":6062.45},{"text":"pointless","start":6062.65,"end":6063.13},{"text":"waste","start":6063.13,"end":6063.41},{"text":"of","start":6063.41,"end":6063.53},{"text":"time","start":6063.53,"end":6063.81},{"text":"and","start":6063.81,"end":6063.97},{"text":"efforts","start":6064.01,"end":6064.57},{"text":"given","start":6065.29,"end":6065.61},{"text":"the","start":6065.61,"end":6065.73},{"text":"clear","start":6065.77,"end":6066.09},{"text":"deadlock","start":6066.09,"end":6066.81},{"text":"here.","start":6066.81,"end":6067.17}]},{"text":"A third group, and Russia is in that group, reiterates the circumstances leading to this topic being included on the committee's agenda, namely the growing dissatisfaction of a large group of states with the systematic abuse of this principle by Western countries, impinging not only on state sovereignty but also on norms of international customary law on the immunities of state officials.","start":6067.17,"end":6097.45,"topics":[{"key":"sovereignty-and-immunities","label":"Sovereignty and Immunities","description":"Many statements emphasized that the exercise of universal jurisdiction must respect sovereign equality, non-interference, territorial integrity, and the immunities of state officials under international law. 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They argued that conflating these concepts creates legal confusion and distorts state practice."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":6159.09,"end":6159.65},{"text":"this","start":6159.97,"end":6160.45},{"text":"topic","start":6160.53,"end":6161.25},{"text":"has","start":6161.25,"end":6161.73},{"text":"been","start":6161.81,"end":6162.37},{"text":"at","start":6162.69,"end":6162.85},{"text":"length","start":6162.85,"end":6163.41},{"text":"and","start":6163.41,"end":6163.81},{"text":"unambiguously","start":6164.05,"end":6164.73},{"text":"opined","start":6164.73,"end":6165.05},{"text":"upon","start":6165.05,"end":6165.33},{"text":"by","start":6165.33,"end":6165.49},{"text":"the","start":6165.49,"end":6165.61},{"text":"UN","start":6165.73,"end":6166.09},{"text":"International","start":6166.09,"end":6166.69},{"text":"Court.","start":6166.69,"end":6167.25}]},{"text":"Given the background to this issue, we see the committee's task not to develop and foster the institution of universal jurisdiction, but to develop consensus-based approaches that would enable the prevention of further abuse of this instrument for political aims.","start":6168.69,"end":6187.41,"topics":[{"key":"politicization-and-selective-use","label":"Politicization and Selective Use","description":"A widely shared concern was that universal jurisdiction can be abused for political, discriminatory, or selective purposes. 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Delegations argued that stronger national capacity and better interstate cooperation are essential both to combat impunity and to reduce overreliance on universal jurisdiction."},{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. 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Delegations argued that stronger national capacity and better interstate cooperation are essential both to combat impunity and to reduce overreliance on universal jurisdiction."},{"key":"distinction-from-other-bases","label":"Distinction From Other Jurisdictional Bases","description":"Several speakers insisted that universal jurisdiction must be clearly distinguished from treaty-based obligations to extradite or prosecute, other forms of extraterritorial jurisdiction, and the jurisdiction of international criminal tribunals. They argued that conflating these concepts creates legal confusion and distorts state practice."}],"words":[{"text":"Primarily","start":6200.21,"end":6201.01},{"text":"these","start":6201.01,"end":6201.49},{"text":"are","start":6201.49,"end":6201.61},{"text":"the","start":6201.61,"end":6201.69},{"text":"treaty","start":6201.69,"end":6202.21},{"text":"mechanisms","start":6202.21,"end":6203.09},{"text":"of","start":6203.09,"end":6203.29},{"text":"the","start":6203.29,"end":6203.37},{"text":"international","start":6203.37,"end":6204.21},{"text":"community","start":6204.77,"end":6205.25},{"text":"rather","start":6205.25,"end":6205.49},{"text":"than","start":6205.49,"end":6205.61},{"text":"international","start":6205.61,"end":6206.09},{"text":"cooperation","start":6206.09,"end":6206.57},{"text":"and","start":6206.57,"end":6206.69},{"text":"mutual","start":6206.69,"end":6207.05},{"text":"legal","start":6207.05,"end":6207.37},{"text":"assistance.","start":6207.37,"end":6207.85}]},{"text":"We're talking about exchanging information, cooperation between investigative bodies, capacity building for law enforcement agencies.","start":6207.85,"end":6216.21,"topics":[{"key":"cooperation-and-national-capacity","label":"International Cooperation and National Capacity","description":"A recurring topic was the need to strengthen domestic justice systems and expand cooperation through extradition, mutual legal assistance, and judicial coordination. Delegations argued that stronger national capacity and better interstate cooperation are essential both to combat impunity and to reduce overreliance on universal jurisdiction."}],"words":[{"text":"We're","start":6207.85,"end":6208.01},{"text":"talking","start":6208.01,"end":6208.29},{"text":"about","start":6208.29,"end":6208.45},{"text":"exchanging","start":6208.69,"end":6209.21},{"text":"information,","start":6209.21,"end":6210.21},{"text":"cooperation","start":6210.53,"end":6210.93},{"text":"between","start":6210.93,"end":6211.17},{"text":"investigative","start":6211.17,"end":6211.81},{"text":"bodies,","start":6211.81,"end":6212.45},{"text":"capacity","start":6212.69,"end":6213.41},{"text":"building","start":6213.41,"end":6214.05},{"text":"for","start":6214.05,"end":6214.33},{"text":"law","start":6214.33,"end":6214.53},{"text":"enforcement","start":6214.53,"end":6215.33},{"text":"agencies.","start":6215.33,"end":6216.21}]},{"text":"It is important to safeguard such forms of cooperation and protect them from politicisation and double standards.","start":6217.41,"end":6223.49,"topics":[{"key":"politicization-and-selective-use","label":"Politicization and Selective Use","description":"A widely shared concern was that universal jurisdiction can be abused for political, discriminatory, or selective purposes. Delegations warned against using domestic courts to target foreign officials or advance geopolitical agendas under the banner of justice."},{"key":"cooperation-and-national-capacity","label":"International Cooperation and National Capacity","description":"A recurring topic was the need to strengthen domestic justice systems and expand cooperation through extradition, mutual legal assistance, and judicial coordination. Delegations argued that stronger national capacity and better interstate cooperation are essential both to combat impunity and to reduce overreliance on universal jurisdiction."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":6217.41,"end":6217.53},{"text":"is","start":6217.53,"end":6217.61},{"text":"important","start":6217.61,"end":6218.25},{"text":"to","start":6218.25,"end":6218.37},{"text":"safeguard","start":6218.45,"end":6219.17},{"text":"such","start":6219.17,"end":6219.41},{"text":"forms","start":6219.41,"end":6219.81},{"text":"of","start":6219.81,"end":6219.89},{"text":"cooperation","start":6219.89,"end":6220.77},{"text":"and","start":6220.85,"end":6220.97},{"text":"protect","start":6220.97,"end":6221.33},{"text":"them","start":6221.33,"end":6221.49},{"text":"from","start":6221.49,"end":6221.65},{"text":"politicisation","start":6221.65,"end":6222.49},{"text":"and","start":6222.49,"end":6222.65},{"text":"double","start":6222.65,"end":6222.85},{"text":"standards.","start":6222.85,"end":6223.49}]},{"text":"The refusal to uphold relevant international legal commitments for political reasons is unacceptable.","start":6223.89,"end":6230.93,"topics":[{"key":"politicization-and-selective-use","label":"Politicization and Selective Use","description":"A widely shared concern was that universal jurisdiction can be abused for political, discriminatory, or selective purposes. Delegations warned against using domestic courts to target foreign officials or advance geopolitical agendas under the banner of justice."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":6223.89,"end":6224.01},{"text":"refusal","start":6224.01,"end":6224.61},{"text":"to","start":6224.61,"end":6224.77},{"text":"uphold","start":6224.77,"end":6225.37},{"text":"relevant","start":6225.37,"end":6225.93},{"text":"international","start":6225.93,"end":6226.69},{"text":"legal","start":6226.69,"end":6227.09},{"text":"commitments","start":6227.33,"end":6228.21},{"text":"for","start":6228.21,"end":6228.45},{"text":"political","start":6228.45,"end":6229.09},{"text":"reasons","start":6229.33,"end":6229.81},{"text":"is","start":6229.81,"end":6229.97},{"text":"unacceptable.","start":6229.97,"end":6230.93}]},{"text":"Such an approach only benefits international criminals.","start":6231.25,"end":6235.33,"topics":[{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."}],"words":[{"text":"Such","start":6231.25,"end":6231.73},{"text":"an","start":6231.73,"end":6231.89},{"text":"approach","start":6231.89,"end":6232.37},{"text":"only","start":6232.45,"end":6232.93},{"text":"benefits","start":6232.93,"end":6233.57},{"text":"international","start":6233.57,"end":6234.45},{"text":"criminals.","start":6234.53,"end":6235.33}]},{"text":"Mr Chairman, today's debates once again underscore the extent of disagreement in the views of States on universal jurisdiction.","start":6236.29,"end":6245.57,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr","start":6236.29,"end":6236.61},{"text":"Chairman,","start":6236.61,"end":6237.09},{"text":"today's","start":6237.81,"end":6238.29},{"text":"debates","start":6238.29,"end":6238.93},{"text":"once","start":6238.93,"end":6239.33},{"text":"again","start":6239.33,"end":6239.81},{"text":"underscore","start":6239.89,"end":6240.61},{"text":"the","start":6240.61,"end":6240.73},{"text":"extent","start":6240.73,"end":6241.41},{"text":"of","start":6241.45,"end":6241.61},{"text":"disagreement","start":6241.61,"end":6242.77},{"text":"in","start":6242.77,"end":6242.93},{"text":"the","start":6242.93,"end":6243.01},{"text":"views","start":6243.01,"end":6243.41},{"text":"of","start":6243.41,"end":6243.57},{"text":"States","start":6243.57,"end":6243.97},{"text":"on","start":6243.97,"end":6244.13},{"text":"universal","start":6244.13,"end":6244.61},{"text":"jurisdiction.","start":6244.61,"end":6245.57}]},{"text":"The years long attempts to bring positions together have never led to a positive outcome.","start":6246.29,"end":6252.69,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":6246.29,"end":6246.33},{"text":"years","start":6246.33,"end":6246.93},{"text":"long","start":6246.93,"end":6247.13},{"text":"attempts","start":6247.13,"end":6247.65},{"text":"to","start":6247.65,"end":6248.05},{"text":"bring","start":6248.37,"end":6248.93},{"text":"positions","start":6248.93,"end":6249.45},{"text":"together","start":6249.45,"end":6250.05},{"text":"have","start":6250.29,"end":6250.53},{"text":"never","start":6250.53,"end":6250.93},{"text":"led","start":6250.93,"end":6251.17},{"text":"to","start":6251.17,"end":6251.49},{"text":"a","start":6251.65,"end":6251.69},{"text":"positive","start":6251.69,"end":6252.05},{"text":"outcome.","start":6252.05,"end":6252.69}]},{"text":"The committee, in essence, is treading water and states, year after year, are just stating the same positions live on mic.","start":6253.01,"end":6262.45,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":6253.01,"end":6253.17},{"text":"committee,","start":6253.17,"end":6253.69},{"text":"in","start":6253.69,"end":6253.89},{"text":"essence,","start":6253.89,"end":6254.45},{"text":"is","start":6254.53,"end":6254.85},{"text":"treading","start":6254.85,"end":6255.33},{"text":"water","start":6255.33,"end":6256.05},{"text":"and","start":6256.53,"end":6256.85},{"text":"states,","start":6256.85,"end":6257.57},{"text":"year","start":6258.21,"end":6258.53},{"text":"after","start":6258.57,"end":6258.85},{"text":"year,","start":6258.85,"end":6259.29},{"text":"are","start":6259.41,"end":6259.65},{"text":"just","start":6259.65,"end":6260.13},{"text":"stating","start":6260.13,"end":6260.73},{"text":"the","start":6260.73,"end":6260.81},{"text":"same","start":6260.81,"end":6261.01},{"text":"positions","start":6261.01,"end":6261.57},{"text":"live","start":6261.57,"end":6261.89},{"text":"on","start":6261.89,"end":6262.05},{"text":"mic.","start":6262.05,"end":6262.45}]},{"text":"We are convinced that without a review of approaches and a refocusing of efforts to guarantee protection from abuse, progress inter alia within the working group is highly unlikely.","start":6262.93,"end":6275.85,"topics":[{"key":"procedural-safeguards","label":"Procedural Safeguards","description":"Many delegations called for procedural limits to ensure fair and disciplined use of universal jurisdiction. Frequently mentioned safeguards included the presence of the accused in the forum state, due process guarantees, prior consultation with concerned states, high-level prosecutorial review, and protection against duplicative proceedings."},{"key":"politicization-and-selective-use","label":"Politicization and Selective Use","description":"A widely shared concern was that universal jurisdiction can be abused for political, discriminatory, or selective purposes. Delegations warned against using domestic courts to target foreign officials or advance geopolitical agendas under the banner of justice."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":6262.93,"end":6263.13},{"text":"are","start":6263.13,"end":6263.21},{"text":"convinced","start":6263.21,"end":6263.73},{"text":"that","start":6264.17,"end":6264.41},{"text":"without","start":6264.41,"end":6265.05},{"text":"a","start":6265.05,"end":6265.09},{"text":"review","start":6265.09,"end":6265.69},{"text":"of","start":6265.69,"end":6266.09},{"text":"approaches","start":6266.09,"end":6267.05},{"text":"and","start":6267.05,"end":6267.45},{"text":"a","start":6267.45,"end":6267.53},{"text":"refocusing","start":6267.53,"end":6268.49},{"text":"of","start":6268.49,"end":6268.65},{"text":"efforts","start":6268.65,"end":6269.09},{"text":"to","start":6269.09,"end":6269.17},{"text":"guarantee","start":6269.17,"end":6269.77},{"text":"protection","start":6270.09,"end":6270.89},{"text":"from","start":6270.89,"end":6271.29},{"text":"abuse,","start":6271.29,"end":6271.93},{"text":"progress","start":6272.25,"end":6273.05},{"text":"inter","start":6273.05,"end":6273.41},{"text":"alia","start":6273.41,"end":6273.65},{"text":"within","start":6273.65,"end":6273.89},{"text":"the","start":6273.89,"end":6273.97},{"text":"working","start":6273.97,"end":6274.37},{"text":"group","start":6274.37,"end":6274.61},{"text":"is","start":6274.65,"end":6274.81},{"text":"highly","start":6274.81,"end":6275.13},{"text":"unlikely.","start":6275.13,"end":6275.85}]},{"text":"Thank you.","start":6276.29,"end":6276.69,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":6276.29,"end":6276.57},{"text":"you.","start":6276.57,"end":6276.69}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"RUS","affiliation_full":"Russian Federation","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":47,"start":6278.89,"pageUrl":"/en/ga/c6/80/23?t=6279","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you for your statement.","start":6278.89,"end":6280.57,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":6278.89,"end":6279.21},{"text":"you","start":6279.21,"end":6279.37},{"text":"for","start":6279.37,"end":6279.53},{"text":"your","start":6279.53,"end":6279.69},{"text":"statement.","start":6279.69,"end":6280.57}]},{"text":"I now give the floor to the representative of Malaysia.","start":6281.05,"end":6283.85,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":6281.05,"end":6281.21},{"text":"now","start":6281.21,"end":6281.37},{"text":"give","start":6281.37,"end":6281.57},{"text":"the","start":6281.57,"end":6281.69},{"text":"floor","start":6281.69,"end":6281.97},{"text":"to","start":6281.97,"end":6282.13},{"text":"the","start":6282.13,"end":6282.21},{"text":"representative","start":6282.21,"end":6283.13},{"text":"of","start":6283.13,"end":6283.21},{"text":"Malaysia.","start":6283.21,"end":6283.85}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"6th Committee","affiliation_full":"6th Committee","group":null,"function":"Vice-Chair"}},{"statement_number":48,"start":6287.37,"pageUrl":"/en/ga/c6/80/23?t=6288","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Mr Chair.","start":6287.37,"end":6288.25,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":6287.37,"end":6287.61},{"text":"you,","start":6287.61,"end":6287.69},{"text":"Mr","start":6287.69,"end":6287.93},{"text":"Chair.","start":6287.93,"end":6288.25}]},{"text":"Malaysia aligns itself with the statement delivered by Iran on behalf of the Non-Aligned Movement, NAM.","start":6289.17,"end":6294.89,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Malaysia","start":6289.17,"end":6289.57},{"text":"aligns","start":6289.57,"end":6289.97},{"text":"itself","start":6289.97,"end":6290.41},{"text":"with","start":6290.41,"end":6290.61},{"text":"the","start":6290.61,"end":6290.73},{"text":"statement","start":6290.73,"end":6291.21},{"text":"delivered","start":6291.21,"end":6291.61},{"text":"by","start":6291.61,"end":6291.77},{"text":"Iran","start":6291.89,"end":6292.25},{"text":"on","start":6292.25,"end":6292.41},{"text":"behalf","start":6292.41,"end":6292.73},{"text":"of","start":6292.73,"end":6292.89},{"text":"the","start":6292.89,"end":6293.05},{"text":"Non-Aligned","start":6293.05,"end":6293.77},{"text":"Movement,","start":6293.77,"end":6294.33},{"text":"NAM.","start":6294.41,"end":6294.89}]},{"text":"Malaysia expresses our profound gratitude to the Secretary-General for the report on the topic, the scope and application of the principle of universal jurisdiction, which was prepared pursuant to the General Assembly resolution 79/127.","start":6295.61,"end":6310.57,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"Malaysia","start":6295.61,"end":6296.01},{"text":"expresses","start":6296.01,"end":6296.65},{"text":"our","start":6296.65,"end":6296.81},{"text":"profound","start":6296.81,"end":6297.33},{"text":"gratitude","start":6297.33,"end":6298.09},{"text":"to","start":6298.09,"end":6298.33},{"text":"the","start":6298.33,"end":6298.41},{"text":"Secretary-General","start":6298.41,"end":6299.53},{"text":"for","start":6299.53,"end":6299.69},{"text":"the","start":6299.69,"end":6299.77},{"text":"report","start":6299.77,"end":6300.21},{"text":"on","start":6300.21,"end":6300.29},{"text":"the","start":6300.29,"end":6300.37},{"text":"topic,","start":6300.37,"end":6300.81},{"text":"the","start":6301.05,"end":6301.21},{"text":"scope","start":6301.21,"end":6301.53},{"text":"and","start":6301.53,"end":6301.73},{"text":"application","start":6301.73,"end":6302.33},{"text":"of","start":6302.33,"end":6302.49},{"text":"the","start":6302.49,"end":6302.57},{"text":"principle","start":6302.57,"end":6303.21},{"text":"of","start":6303.21,"end":6303.45},{"text":"universal","start":6303.45,"end":6304.01},{"text":"jurisdiction,","start":6304.05,"end":6304.81},{"text":"which","start":6305.13,"end":6305.45},{"text":"was","start":6305.45,"end":6305.69},{"text":"prepared","start":6305.69,"end":6306.25},{"text":"pursuant","start":6306.25,"end":6306.77},{"text":"to","start":6306.77,"end":6306.85},{"text":"the","start":6306.85,"end":6306.97},{"text":"General","start":6306.97,"end":6307.37},{"text":"Assembly","start":6307.37,"end":6307.77},{"text":"resolution","start":6307.77,"end":6308.49},{"text":"79/127.","start":6308.49,"end":6310.57}]},{"text":"Malaysia notes that as in previous years, the integral part of the present report is formed by the comments of governments and organizations on the scope and application of universal jurisdiction on the basis of relevant national legal rules, applicable international treaties and judicial practice.","start":6311.33,"end":6328.53,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."},{"key":"distinction-from-other-bases","label":"Distinction From Other Jurisdictional Bases","description":"Several speakers insisted that universal jurisdiction must be clearly distinguished from treaty-based obligations to extradite or prosecute, other forms of extraterritorial jurisdiction, and the jurisdiction of international criminal tribunals. They argued that conflating these concepts creates legal confusion and distorts state practice."}],"words":[{"text":"Malaysia","start":6311.33,"end":6311.73},{"text":"notes","start":6311.73,"end":6312.05},{"text":"that","start":6312.05,"end":6312.29},{"text":"as","start":6312.37,"end":6312.61},{"text":"in","start":6312.61,"end":6312.77},{"text":"previous","start":6312.77,"end":6313.25},{"text":"years,","start":6313.25,"end":6313.57},{"text":"the","start":6313.57,"end":6313.77},{"text":"integral","start":6313.77,"end":6314.29},{"text":"part","start":6314.29,"end":6314.53},{"text":"of","start":6314.53,"end":6314.69},{"text":"the","start":6314.69,"end":6314.77},{"text":"present","start":6314.77,"end":6315.13},{"text":"report","start":6315.13,"end":6315.57},{"text":"is","start":6315.81,"end":6315.97},{"text":"formed","start":6315.97,"end":6316.29},{"text":"by","start":6316.29,"end":6316.45},{"text":"the","start":6316.45,"end":6316.57},{"text":"comments","start":6316.57,"end":6317.09},{"text":"of","start":6317.09,"end":6317.25},{"text":"governments","start":6317.25,"end":6317.81},{"text":"and","start":6317.81,"end":6318.05},{"text":"organizations","start":6318.05,"end":6318.93},{"text":"on","start":6319.25,"end":6319.41},{"text":"the","start":6319.41,"end":6319.49},{"text":"scope","start":6319.49,"end":6319.89},{"text":"and","start":6319.89,"end":6320.09},{"text":"application","start":6320.09,"end":6320.85},{"text":"of","start":6320.85,"end":6321.09},{"text":"universal","start":6321.09,"end":6321.57},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":6321.57,"end":6322.29},{"text":"on","start":6322.61,"end":6322.77},{"text":"the","start":6322.77,"end":6322.85},{"text":"basis","start":6322.85,"end":6323.41},{"text":"of","start":6323.41,"end":6323.57},{"text":"relevant","start":6323.57,"end":6324.13},{"text":"national","start":6324.13,"end":6324.49},{"text":"legal","start":6324.49,"end":6324.77},{"text":"rules,","start":6324.77,"end":6325.25},{"text":"applicable","start":6325.25,"end":6325.81},{"text":"international","start":6325.81,"end":6326.45},{"text":"treaties","start":6326.45,"end":6327.01},{"text":"and","start":6327.01,"end":6327.25},{"text":"judicial","start":6327.25,"end":6327.89},{"text":"practice.","start":6327.89,"end":6328.53}]},{"text":"Malaysia has previously submitted its views on the foundation and scope of universal jurisdiction, including its application under domestic legislation.","start":6329.33,"end":6337.81,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"Malaysia","start":6329.33,"end":6329.81},{"text":"has","start":6329.81,"end":6330.05},{"text":"previously","start":6330.05,"end":6330.61},{"text":"submitted","start":6330.61,"end":6331.09},{"text":"its","start":6331.09,"end":6331.33},{"text":"views","start":6331.33,"end":6331.77},{"text":"on","start":6331.77,"end":6331.93},{"text":"the","start":6331.93,"end":6332.01},{"text":"foundation","start":6332.01,"end":6332.61},{"text":"and","start":6332.61,"end":6332.77},{"text":"scope","start":6332.77,"end":6333.09},{"text":"of","start":6333.09,"end":6333.25},{"text":"universal","start":6333.25,"end":6333.77},{"text":"jurisdiction,","start":6333.77,"end":6334.53},{"text":"including","start":6334.93,"end":6335.49},{"text":"its","start":6335.49,"end":6335.69},{"text":"application","start":6335.69,"end":6336.37},{"text":"under","start":6336.37,"end":6336.61},{"text":"domestic","start":6336.61,"end":6337.09},{"text":"legislation.","start":6337.09,"end":6337.81}]},{"text":"We have consistently provided substantive comments, shared relevant legal information, and raised pertinent concerns regarding the principles implementation.","start":6338.41,"end":6347.13,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":6338.41,"end":6338.57},{"text":"have","start":6338.57,"end":6338.81},{"text":"consistently","start":6338.81,"end":6339.53},{"text":"provided","start":6339.53,"end":6340.05},{"text":"substantive","start":6340.05,"end":6340.65},{"text":"comments,","start":6340.65,"end":6341.21},{"text":"shared","start":6341.53,"end":6341.77},{"text":"relevant","start":6341.77,"end":6342.25},{"text":"legal","start":6342.25,"end":6342.49},{"text":"information,","start":6342.49,"end":6343.21},{"text":"and","start":6343.29,"end":6343.49},{"text":"raised","start":6343.49,"end":6343.69},{"text":"pertinent","start":6343.69,"end":6344.21},{"text":"concerns","start":6344.21,"end":6344.73},{"text":"regarding","start":6344.73,"end":6345.21},{"text":"the","start":6345.21,"end":6345.29},{"text":"principles","start":6345.29,"end":6345.93},{"text":"implementation.","start":6346.01,"end":6347.13}]},{"text":"Malaysia reaffirms that its submissions dated 16 December 2016 and 12 May 2023, along with all submissions and intervening statements in between, remain valid and relevant.","start":6348.01,"end":6360.17,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Malaysia","start":6348.01,"end":6348.41},{"text":"reaffirms","start":6348.41,"end":6349.05},{"text":"that","start":6349.05,"end":6349.37},{"text":"its","start":6349.37,"end":6349.57},{"text":"submissions","start":6349.57,"end":6350.09},{"text":"dated","start":6350.09,"end":6350.41},{"text":"16","start":6350.41,"end":6350.81},{"text":"December","start":6350.81,"end":6351.29},{"text":"2016","start":6351.29,"end":6352.41},{"text":"and","start":6352.81,"end":6353.09},{"text":"12","start":6353.09,"end":6353.37},{"text":"May","start":6353.37,"end":6353.61},{"text":"2023,","start":6353.61,"end":6354.73},{"text":"along","start":6354.81,"end":6355.09},{"text":"with","start":6355.09,"end":6355.25},{"text":"all","start":6355.29,"end":6355.53},{"text":"submissions","start":6355.53,"end":6356.17},{"text":"and","start":6356.17,"end":6356.29},{"text":"intervening","start":6356.29,"end":6356.89},{"text":"statements","start":6356.89,"end":6357.37},{"text":"in","start":6357.37,"end":6357.45},{"text":"between,","start":6357.45,"end":6357.93},{"text":"remain","start":6358.17,"end":6358.57},{"text":"valid","start":6358.57,"end":6358.97},{"text":"and","start":6359.05,"end":6359.45},{"text":"relevant.","start":6359.45,"end":6360.17}]},{"text":"Malaysia stands ready to update the committee should there be any changes to its domestic legal framework, international obligations or judicial practice.","start":6360.81,"end":6368.65,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Malaysia","start":6360.81,"end":6361.13},{"text":"stands","start":6361.13,"end":6361.45},{"text":"ready","start":6361.45,"end":6361.85},{"text":"to","start":6361.85,"end":6362.01},{"text":"update","start":6362.01,"end":6362.33},{"text":"the","start":6362.33,"end":6362.41},{"text":"committee","start":6362.41,"end":6362.89},{"text":"should","start":6362.89,"end":6363.25},{"text":"there","start":6363.25,"end":6363.41},{"text":"be","start":6363.41,"end":6363.61},{"text":"any","start":6363.61,"end":6363.85},{"text":"changes","start":6363.85,"end":6364.25},{"text":"to","start":6364.25,"end":6364.37},{"text":"its","start":6364.37,"end":6364.57},{"text":"domestic","start":6364.57,"end":6365.09},{"text":"legal","start":6365.09,"end":6365.37},{"text":"framework,","start":6365.37,"end":6365.85},{"text":"international","start":6365.85,"end":6366.53},{"text":"obligations","start":6366.53,"end":6367.37},{"text":"or","start":6367.37,"end":6367.57},{"text":"judicial","start":6367.61,"end":6368.01},{"text":"practice.","start":6368.01,"end":6368.65}]},{"text":"Based on member state submission so far, Malaysia acknowledges the diversity of perspectives expressed and recognizes the very implementation of the principle across national jurisdictions and judicial systems.","start":6369.69,"end":6381.45,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"Based","start":6369.69,"end":6370.05},{"text":"on","start":6370.05,"end":6370.17},{"text":"member","start":6370.17,"end":6370.41},{"text":"state","start":6370.41,"end":6370.65},{"text":"submission","start":6370.65,"end":6371.13},{"text":"so","start":6371.13,"end":6371.29},{"text":"far,","start":6371.29,"end":6371.61},{"text":"Malaysia","start":6371.93,"end":6372.33},{"text":"acknowledges","start":6372.33,"end":6372.89},{"text":"the","start":6372.89,"end":6372.97},{"text":"diversity","start":6372.97,"end":6373.77},{"text":"of","start":6373.77,"end":6373.85},{"text":"perspectives","start":6373.85,"end":6374.57},{"text":"expressed","start":6374.93,"end":6375.49},{"text":"and","start":6375.49,"end":6375.61},{"text":"recognizes","start":6375.61,"end":6376.33},{"text":"the","start":6376.33,"end":6376.49},{"text":"very","start":6376.49,"end":6376.77},{"text":"implementation","start":6376.77,"end":6377.61},{"text":"of","start":6377.61,"end":6377.77},{"text":"the","start":6377.77,"end":6377.89},{"text":"principle","start":6377.89,"end":6378.45},{"text":"across","start":6378.45,"end":6378.73},{"text":"national","start":6378.73,"end":6379.13},{"text":"jurisdictions","start":6379.13,"end":6379.85},{"text":"and","start":6380.25,"end":6380.45},{"text":"judicial","start":6380.45,"end":6380.85},{"text":"systems.","start":6380.85,"end":6381.45}]},{"text":"In this regard, we reiterate our position that the common understanding and international consensus on the principle is essential.","start":6382.01,"end":6389.29,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":6382.01,"end":6382.13},{"text":"this","start":6382.13,"end":6382.33},{"text":"regard,","start":6382.33,"end":6382.81},{"text":"we","start":6382.81,"end":6383.05},{"text":"reiterate","start":6383.05,"end":6383.61},{"text":"our","start":6383.61,"end":6383.69},{"text":"position","start":6383.69,"end":6384.25},{"text":"that","start":6384.25,"end":6384.41},{"text":"the","start":6384.41,"end":6384.49},{"text":"common","start":6384.49,"end":6384.89},{"text":"understanding","start":6384.89,"end":6385.53},{"text":"and","start":6385.53,"end":6385.73},{"text":"international","start":6385.73,"end":6386.33},{"text":"consensus","start":6386.33,"end":6387.05},{"text":"on","start":6387.45,"end":6387.57},{"text":"the","start":6387.57,"end":6387.69},{"text":"principle","start":6387.69,"end":6388.33},{"text":"is","start":6388.33,"end":6388.57},{"text":"essential.","start":6388.65,"end":6389.29}]},{"text":"It is therefore imperative to continue soliciting the views of all member states to ensure that throughout the consideration of the topic, the gap of the differences between member states can be narrowed and guarantee that state sovereignty and territorial integrity are protected and fully respected.","start":6390.09,"end":6406.77,"topics":[{"key":"sovereignty-and-immunities","label":"Sovereignty and Immunities","description":"Many statements emphasized that the exercise of universal jurisdiction must respect sovereign equality, non-interference, territorial integrity, and the immunities of state officials under international law. Several delegations warned that ignoring these principles would damage interstate relations and the legitimacy of the legal system."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":6390.09,"end":6390.17},{"text":"is","start":6390.17,"end":6390.33},{"text":"therefore","start":6390.33,"end":6390.89},{"text":"imperative","start":6390.89,"end":6391.61},{"text":"to","start":6391.85,"end":6392.01},{"text":"continue","start":6392.01,"end":6392.57},{"text":"soliciting","start":6392.57,"end":6393.05},{"text":"the","start":6393.05,"end":6393.17},{"text":"views","start":6393.17,"end":6393.53},{"text":"of","start":6393.53,"end":6393.69},{"text":"all","start":6393.77,"end":6393.93},{"text":"member","start":6393.93,"end":6394.25},{"text":"states","start":6394.25,"end":6394.57},{"text":"to","start":6394.57,"end":6394.81},{"text":"ensure","start":6394.81,"end":6395.21},{"text":"that","start":6395.21,"end":6395.41},{"text":"throughout","start":6395.41,"end":6395.77},{"text":"the","start":6395.77,"end":6395.85},{"text":"consideration","start":6395.85,"end":6396.57},{"text":"of","start":6396.57,"end":6396.65},{"text":"the","start":6396.65,"end":6396.73},{"text":"topic,","start":6396.73,"end":6397.21},{"text":"the","start":6397.61,"end":6397.77},{"text":"gap","start":6397.77,"end":6398.01},{"text":"of","start":6398.01,"end":6398.17},{"text":"the","start":6398.17,"end":6398.29},{"text":"differences","start":6398.29,"end":6398.97},{"text":"between","start":6398.97,"end":6399.37},{"text":"member","start":6399.37,"end":6399.61},{"text":"states","start":6399.61,"end":6400.01},{"text":"can","start":6400.25,"end":6400.49},{"text":"be","start":6400.49,"end":6400.65},{"text":"narrowed","start":6400.65,"end":6401.13},{"text":"and","start":6401.21,"end":6401.45},{"text":"guarantee","start":6401.45,"end":6401.93},{"text":"that","start":6401.93,"end":6402.05},{"text":"state","start":6402.05,"end":6402.33},{"text":"sovereignty","start":6402.33,"end":6403.13},{"text":"and","start":6403.45,"end":6403.69},{"text":"territorial","start":6403.69,"end":6404.21},{"text":"integrity","start":6404.21,"end":6404.89},{"text":"are","start":6404.89,"end":6404.97},{"text":"protected","start":6404.97,"end":6405.69},{"text":"and","start":6405.69,"end":6405.85},{"text":"fully","start":6405.85,"end":6406.17},{"text":"respected.","start":6406.17,"end":6406.77}]},{"text":"The final outcome should reflect broad representation and integrate the contributions of all member states.","start":6408.01,"end":6413.77,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":6408.01,"end":6408.17},{"text":"final","start":6408.17,"end":6408.57},{"text":"outcome","start":6408.57,"end":6408.97},{"text":"should","start":6408.97,"end":6409.17},{"text":"reflect","start":6409.17,"end":6409.53},{"text":"broad","start":6409.53,"end":6410.01},{"text":"representation","start":6410.01,"end":6410.97},{"text":"and","start":6411.05,"end":6411.21},{"text":"integrate","start":6411.21,"end":6411.69},{"text":"the","start":6411.69,"end":6411.81},{"text":"contributions","start":6411.81,"end":6412.69},{"text":"of","start":6412.69,"end":6412.89},{"text":"all","start":6412.89,"end":6413.05},{"text":"member","start":6413.05,"end":6413.33},{"text":"states.","start":6413.33,"end":6413.77}]},{"text":"Malaysia further observes that from 2009 till to date, Slightly more than 70 member states have submitted their views on the scope and application of the principle within the context of their domestic legislation.","start":6414.57,"end":6427.45,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"Malaysia","start":6414.57,"end":6415.05},{"text":"further","start":6415.05,"end":6415.45},{"text":"observes","start":6415.45,"end":6415.93},{"text":"that","start":6415.93,"end":6416.25},{"text":"from","start":6416.25,"end":6416.57},{"text":"2009","start":6417.17,"end":6418.01},{"text":"till","start":6418.01,"end":6418.25},{"text":"to","start":6418.25,"end":6418.41},{"text":"date,","start":6418.41,"end":6418.73},{"text":"Slightly","start":6419.13,"end":6419.61},{"text":"more","start":6419.61,"end":6419.77},{"text":"than","start":6419.77,"end":6420.01},{"text":"70","start":6420.01,"end":6420.41},{"text":"member","start":6420.41,"end":6420.65},{"text":"states","start":6420.65,"end":6421.05},{"text":"have","start":6421.05,"end":6421.21},{"text":"submitted","start":6421.21,"end":6421.73},{"text":"their","start":6421.73,"end":6421.89},{"text":"views","start":6421.89,"end":6422.33},{"text":"on","start":6422.33,"end":6422.41},{"text":"the","start":6422.41,"end":6422.49},{"text":"scope","start":6422.49,"end":6422.85},{"text":"and","start":6422.85,"end":6422.97},{"text":"application","start":6422.97,"end":6423.77},{"text":"of","start":6423.77,"end":6423.89},{"text":"the","start":6423.89,"end":6424.01},{"text":"principle","start":6424.01,"end":6424.65},{"text":"within","start":6424.89,"end":6425.29},{"text":"the","start":6425.29,"end":6425.37},{"text":"context","start":6425.37,"end":6425.85},{"text":"of","start":6425.85,"end":6426.01},{"text":"their","start":6426.01,"end":6426.17},{"text":"domestic","start":6426.17,"end":6426.65},{"text":"legislation.","start":6426.65,"end":6427.45}]},{"text":"The lack of response underscores the need for broader engagement.","start":6428.01,"end":6431.41,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":6428.01,"end":6428.17},{"text":"lack","start":6428.17,"end":6428.41},{"text":"of","start":6428.41,"end":6428.57},{"text":"response","start":6428.57,"end":6429.13},{"text":"underscores","start":6429.13,"end":6429.69},{"text":"the","start":6429.69,"end":6429.81},{"text":"need","start":6429.81,"end":6430.01},{"text":"for","start":6430.01,"end":6430.21},{"text":"broader","start":6430.21,"end":6430.69},{"text":"engagement.","start":6430.69,"end":6431.41}]},{"text":"Malaysia reiterates that it is timely for the committee to consider an analysis of the underlying causes of this low response rate and explore constructive pathways forward.","start":6431.89,"end":6442.89,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"Malaysia","start":6431.89,"end":6432.25},{"text":"reiterates","start":6432.25,"end":6432.73},{"text":"that","start":6432.73,"end":6432.97},{"text":"it","start":6432.97,"end":6433.09},{"text":"is","start":6433.09,"end":6433.21},{"text":"timely","start":6433.21,"end":6433.69},{"text":"for","start":6433.69,"end":6433.85},{"text":"the","start":6433.85,"end":6433.93},{"text":"committee","start":6433.93,"end":6434.41},{"text":"to","start":6434.41,"end":6434.65},{"text":"consider","start":6434.65,"end":6435.21},{"text":"an","start":6435.49,"end":6435.69},{"text":"analysis","start":6435.69,"end":6436.41},{"text":"of","start":6436.49,"end":6436.69},{"text":"the","start":6436.69,"end":6436.81},{"text":"underlying","start":6436.97,"end":6437.45},{"text":"causes","start":6437.45,"end":6438.01},{"text":"of","start":6438.01,"end":6438.21},{"text":"this","start":6438.21,"end":6438.49},{"text":"low","start":6438.57,"end":6438.89},{"text":"response","start":6438.89,"end":6439.37},{"text":"rate","start":6439.37,"end":6439.61},{"text":"and","start":6440.09,"end":6440.33},{"text":"explore","start":6440.33,"end":6440.81},{"text":"constructive","start":6440.81,"end":6441.61},{"text":"pathways","start":6441.69,"end":6442.25},{"text":"forward.","start":6442.41,"end":6442.89}]},{"text":"Notwithstanding, we underscore the importance of con- continued fact finding efforts to develop a clearer and more coherent understanding of the principle scope and application.","start":6443.45,"end":6454.01,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"Notwithstanding,","start":6443.45,"end":6444.33},{"text":"we","start":6444.65,"end":6444.89},{"text":"underscore","start":6444.89,"end":6445.29},{"text":"the","start":6445.29,"end":6445.37},{"text":"importance","start":6445.37,"end":6445.97},{"text":"of","start":6445.97,"end":6446.09},{"text":"con-","start":6446.09,"end":6446.33},{"text":"continued","start":6446.41,"end":6447.05},{"text":"fact","start":6447.05,"end":6447.29},{"text":"finding","start":6447.29,"end":6447.69},{"text":"efforts","start":6447.69,"end":6448.25},{"text":"to","start":6448.49,"end":6448.65},{"text":"develop","start":6448.65,"end":6449.09},{"text":"a","start":6449.13,"end":6449.21},{"text":"clearer","start":6449.21,"end":6449.85},{"text":"and","start":6450.09,"end":6450.25},{"text":"more","start":6450.25,"end":6450.49},{"text":"coherent","start":6450.49,"end":6451.05},{"text":"understanding","start":6451.05,"end":6451.77},{"text":"of","start":6451.85,"end":6452.05},{"text":"the","start":6452.05,"end":6452.17},{"text":"principle","start":6452.17,"end":6452.73},{"text":"scope","start":6452.73,"end":6453.09},{"text":"and","start":6453.09,"end":6453.25},{"text":"application.","start":6453.25,"end":6454.01}]},{"text":"Malaysia also reaffirms its commitment to actively participate in constructive and substantive deliberations on the various dimensions of the topic guided by the Secretary-General's report and conducted in the spirit of mutual respect for the views and positions of all Member 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thank you, Mr. Chair.","start":6472.33,"end":6473.45,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":6472.33,"end":6472.49},{"text":"thank","start":6472.49,"end":6472.65},{"text":"you,","start":6472.65,"end":6472.81},{"text":"Mr.","start":6472.81,"end":6473.21},{"text":"Chair.","start":6473.21,"end":6473.45}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"MYS","affiliation_full":"Malaysia","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":49,"start":6475.53,"pageUrl":"/en/ga/c6/80/23?t=6476","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the representative of Malaysia and I will now invite the representative of Congo to deliver his statement.","start":6475.53,"end":6482.41,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":6475.53,"end":6475.69},{"text":"thank","start":6475.69,"end":6475.93},{"text":"the","start":6475.93,"end":6476.01},{"text":"representative","start":6476.01,"end":6476.69},{"text":"of","start":6476.69,"end":6476.81},{"text":"Malaysia","start":6476.81,"end":6477.37},{"text":"and","start":6477.37,"end":6478.01},{"text":"I","start":6478.01,"end":6478.09},{"text":"will","start":6478.09,"end":6478.33},{"text":"now","start":6478.33,"end":6478.65},{"text":"invite","start":6478.73,"end":6479.25},{"text":"the","start":6479.25,"end":6479.37},{"text":"representative","start":6479.37,"end":6480.17},{"text":"of","start":6480.25,"end":6480.49},{"text":"Congo","start":6480.49,"end":6481.05},{"text":"to","start":6481.05,"end":6481.17},{"text":"deliver","start":6481.17,"end":6481.57},{"text":"his","start":6481.57,"end":6481.73},{"text":"statement.","start":6481.73,"end":6482.41}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"6th Committee","affiliation_full":"6th Committee","group":null,"function":"Vice-Chair"}},{"statement_number":50,"start":6491.61,"pageUrl":"/en/ga/c6/80/23?t=6492","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Mr President, thank you for giving me this opportunity and to my delegation to speak on agenda item 85 on the scope and application of universal jurisdiction.","start":6491.61,"end":6509.37,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr","start":6491.61,"end":6492.41},{"text":"President,","start":6493.21,"end":6494.05},{"text":"thank","start":6495.09,"end":6495.45},{"text":"you","start":6495.45,"end":6495.93},{"text":"for","start":6496.25,"end":6496.81},{"text":"giving","start":6496.81,"end":6497.13},{"text":"me","start":6497.13,"end":6497.37},{"text":"this","start":6497.37,"end":6497.61},{"text":"opportunity","start":6497.61,"end":6498.65},{"text":"and","start":6500.01,"end":6500.49},{"text":"to","start":6501.21,"end":6501.37},{"text":"my","start":6501.37,"end":6501.61},{"text":"delegation","start":6501.61,"end":6502.33},{"text":"to","start":6502.33,"end":6502.61},{"text":"speak","start":6503.21,"end":6503.69},{"text":"on","start":6503.69,"end":6503.93},{"text":"agenda","start":6504.29,"end":6504.65},{"text":"item","start":6504.65,"end":6505.05},{"text":"85","start":6505.05,"end":6505.69},{"text":"on","start":6505.69,"end":6505.89},{"text":"the","start":6505.89,"end":6506.01},{"text":"scope","start":6506.01,"end":6506.37},{"text":"and","start":6506.41,"end":6506.57},{"text":"application","start":6506.57,"end":6507.29},{"text":"of","start":6507.29,"end":6507.61},{"text":"universal","start":6507.61,"end":6508.41},{"text":"jurisdiction.","start":6508.57,"end":6509.37}]},{"text":"We endorse the statement made by the Republic of Cameroon on behalf of the African Group and the Islamic Republic of Iran on behalf of the Non-Aligned Movement.","start":6510.25,"end":6523.21,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":6510.25,"end":6510.41},{"text":"endorse","start":6510.41,"end":6510.81},{"text":"the","start":6510.81,"end":6510.93},{"text":"statement","start":6510.93,"end":6511.33},{"text":"made","start":6511.33,"end":6511.57},{"text":"by","start":6511.57,"end":6511.77},{"text":"the","start":6511.77,"end":6511.85},{"text":"Republic","start":6511.85,"end":6512.17},{"text":"of","start":6512.17,"end":6512.25},{"text":"Cameroon","start":6512.25,"end":6512.89},{"text":"on","start":6513.21,"end":6513.45},{"text":"behalf","start":6513.45,"end":6514.01},{"text":"of","start":6514.01,"end":6514.17},{"text":"the","start":6514.17,"end":6514.29},{"text":"African","start":6514.29,"end":6514.81},{"text":"Group","start":6514.81,"end":6515.21},{"text":"and","start":6517.37,"end":6517.85},{"text":"the","start":6518.33,"end":6518.45},{"text":"Islamic","start":6518.49,"end":6519.05},{"text":"Republic","start":6519.05,"end":6519.49},{"text":"of","start":6519.49,"end":6519.61},{"text":"Iran","start":6519.61,"end":6520.09},{"text":"on","start":6520.41,"end":6520.57},{"text":"behalf","start":6520.57,"end":6521.21},{"text":"of","start":6521.29,"end":6521.61},{"text":"the","start":6521.69,"end":6521.89},{"text":"Non-Aligned","start":6521.89,"end":6522.57},{"text":"Movement.","start":6522.57,"end":6523.21}]},{"text":"We would also like to make the following comments in our national capacity.","start":6524.89,"end":6528.65,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":6524.89,"end":6525.01},{"text":"would","start":6525.01,"end":6525.21},{"text":"also","start":6525.21,"end":6525.57},{"text":"like","start":6525.57,"end":6525.81},{"text":"to","start":6525.81,"end":6526.05},{"text":"make","start":6526.09,"end":6526.49},{"text":"the","start":6526.49,"end":6526.61},{"text":"following","start":6526.65,"end":6526.97},{"text":"comments","start":6526.97,"end":6527.29},{"text":"in","start":6527.29,"end":6527.41},{"text":"our","start":6527.41,"end":6527.49},{"text":"national","start":6527.49,"end":6527.93},{"text":"capacity.","start":6527.93,"end":6528.65}]},{"text":"Mr. Chair, universal jurisdiction is a principle that is part of the fight against impunity.","start":6529.29,"end":6536.97,"topics":[{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. 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It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":6540.25,"end":6540.49},{"text":"produces","start":6541.53,"end":6542.25},{"text":"erga","start":6542.53,"end":6542.89},{"text":"omnes","start":6543.13,"end":6543.77},{"text":"effects","start":6543.85,"end":6544.41},{"text":"on","start":6544.81,"end":6545.13},{"text":"all","start":6545.17,"end":6545.45},{"text":"members","start":6545.45,"end":6545.85},{"text":"of","start":6545.85,"end":6546.17},{"text":"international","start":6546.17,"end":6547.05},{"text":"society","start":6547.21,"end":6548.09},{"text":"pursuant","start":6548.49,"end":6549.25},{"text":"to","start":6549.25,"end":6549.37},{"text":"this","start":6549.37,"end":6549.61},{"text":"principle","start":6549.61,"end":6550.57},{"text":"whilst","start":6551.21,"end":6551.85},{"text":"encouraging","start":6551.93,"end":6552.97},{"text":"the","start":6553.29,"end":6553.41},{"text":"extradition","start":6553.41,"end":6554.25},{"text":"of","start":6554.25,"end":6554.65},{"text":"those","start":6554.65,"end":6555.05},{"text":"people","start":6555.05,"end":6555.53},{"text":"having","start":6555.53,"end":6555.85},{"text":"committed","start":6555.85,"end":6556.33},{"text":"the","start":6556.33,"end":6556.41},{"text":"most","start":6556.41,"end":6556.69},{"text":"serious","start":6556.69,"end":6557.05},{"text":"crimes,","start":6557.05,"end":6557.53},{"text":"in","start":6557.85,"end":6557.97},{"text":"particular","start":6557.97,"end":6558.49},{"text":"war","start":6558.49,"end":6558.65},{"text":"crimes,","start":6558.65,"end":6558.97},{"text":"crimes","start":6558.97,"end":6559.45},{"text":"of","start":6560.05,"end":6560.25},{"text":"genocide,","start":6560.33,"end":6560.85},{"text":"crimes","start":6560.85,"end":6561.13},{"text":"against","start":6561.13,"end":6561.45},{"text":"humanity","start":6561.45,"end":6562.33},{"text":"and","start":6562.73,"end":6563.05},{"text":"perhaps","start":6563.05,"end":6563.37},{"text":"the","start":6563.37,"end":6563.45},{"text":"crime","start":6563.45,"end":6563.77},{"text":"of","start":6563.77,"end":6563.85},{"text":"aggression.","start":6563.85,"end":6564.57}]},{"text":"and there is the possibility and the obligation perhaps of prosecuting the perpetrators of these crimes located in their countries wherever the location of the crime be and whoever be the victims.","start":6567.85,"end":6582.85,"topics":[{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. 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In this view, it should be used only when the state with primary jurisdiction is unwilling or unable genuinely to investigate and prosecute."},{"key":"sovereignty-and-immunities","label":"Sovereignty and Immunities","description":"Many statements emphasized that the exercise of universal jurisdiction must respect sovereign equality, non-interference, territorial integrity, and the immunities of state officials under international law. Several delegations warned that ignoring these principles would damage interstate relations and the legitimacy of the legal system."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":6644.65,"end":6644.97},{"text":"has","start":6645.21,"end":6645.69},{"text":"immediate","start":6645.69,"end":6646.49},{"text":"provisions","start":6647.81,"end":6648.33},{"text":"for","start":6648.33,"end":6648.65},{"text":"the","start":6648.65,"end":6648.81},{"text":"punishment","start":6648.81,"end":6649.41},{"text":"of","start":6649.41,"end":6649.61},{"text":"crimes","start":6649.61,"end":6650.25},{"text":"linked","start":6650.65,"end":6651.09},{"text":"to","start":6651.09,"end":6651.21},{"text":"the","start":6651.29,"end":6651.49},{"text":"practice","start":6651.69,"end":6652.41},{"text":"of","start":6652.49,"end":6652.89},{"text":"the","start":6652.89,"end":6653.01},{"text":"principle","start":6653.01,"end":6653.41},{"text":"of","start":6653.41,"end":6653.49},{"text":"universal","start":6653.49,"end":6654.01},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":6654.01,"end":6655.05},{"text":"in","start":6656.49,"end":6656.89},{"text":"line","start":6657.37,"end":6657.85},{"text":"as","start":6657.85,"end":6658.09},{"text":"well","start":6658.09,"end":6658.41},{"text":"with","start":6658.41,"end":6658.69},{"text":"the","start":6658.69,"end":6658.77},{"text":"principle","start":6658.81,"end":6659.29},{"text":"of","start":6659.29,"end":6659.37},{"text":"subsidiarity","start":6659.37,"end":6660.41},{"text":"that","start":6661.29,"end":6661.77},{"text":"looks","start":6662.13,"end":6662.41},{"text":"at","start":6662.49,"end":6662.73},{"text":"the","start":6662.73,"end":6662.85},{"text":"sovereign","start":6663.13,"end":6663.49},{"text":"responsibility","start":6663.49,"end":6664.33},{"text":"of","start":6664.33,"end":6664.57},{"text":"states.","start":6664.57,"end":6665.29}]},{"text":"As such, universal jurisdiction must be exercised in good faith.","start":6666.41,"end":6670.49,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"As","start":6666.41,"end":6666.61},{"text":"such,","start":6666.61,"end":6667.05},{"text":"universal","start":6667.37,"end":6667.89},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":6667.89,"end":6668.49},{"text":"must","start":6668.49,"end":6668.77},{"text":"be","start":6668.77,"end":6668.89},{"text":"exercised","start":6668.89,"end":6669.37},{"text":"in","start":6669.37,"end":6669.53},{"text":"good","start":6669.53,"end":6669.77},{"text":"faith.","start":6669.77,"end":6670.49}]},{"text":"in order to eradicate any uncertainties that might undermine international peace and security.","start":6671.17,"end":6677.01,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"in","start":6671.17,"end":6671.25},{"text":"order","start":6671.25,"end":6671.45},{"text":"to","start":6671.45,"end":6671.53},{"text":"eradicate","start":6671.53,"end":6671.97},{"text":"any","start":6671.97,"end":6672.29},{"text":"uncertainties","start":6672.29,"end":6673.09},{"text":"that","start":6673.09,"end":6673.49},{"text":"might","start":6673.57,"end":6674.05},{"text":"undermine","start":6674.13,"end":6675.09},{"text":"international","start":6675.49,"end":6675.97},{"text":"peace","start":6675.97,"end":6676.17},{"text":"and","start":6676.17,"end":6676.29},{"text":"security.","start":6676.29,"end":6677.01}]},{"text":"My delegation would thus encourage the International Law Commission and all work to consolidate the rule of law in international affairs and to combat impunity.","start":6678.05,"end":6689.25,"topics":[{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."}],"words":[{"text":"My","start":6678.05,"end":6678.29},{"text":"delegation","start":6678.29,"end":6679.01},{"text":"would","start":6679.01,"end":6679.21},{"text":"thus","start":6679.21,"end":6679.49},{"text":"encourage","start":6679.49,"end":6680.45},{"text":"the","start":6680.45,"end":6680.73},{"text":"International","start":6680.73,"end":6681.33},{"text":"Law","start":6681.33,"end":6681.41},{"text":"Commission","start":6681.41,"end":6682.13},{"text":"and","start":6682.85,"end":6683.01},{"text":"all","start":6683.09,"end":6683.41},{"text":"work","start":6683.41,"end":6683.81},{"text":"to","start":6683.89,"end":6684.13},{"text":"consolidate","start":6684.13,"end":6685.01},{"text":"the","start":6685.01,"end":6685.17},{"text":"rule","start":6685.17,"end":6685.41},{"text":"of","start":6685.41,"end":6685.57},{"text":"law","start":6685.57,"end":6685.81},{"text":"in","start":6685.81,"end":6685.97},{"text":"international","start":6685.97,"end":6686.77},{"text":"affairs","start":6687.33,"end":6687.97},{"text":"and","start":6687.97,"end":6688.17},{"text":"to","start":6688.17,"end":6688.29},{"text":"combat","start":6688.29,"end":6688.57},{"text":"impunity.","start":6688.57,"end":6689.25}]},{"text":"We commend this work rather and we welcome report A/80/274 of the UN Secretary General.","start":6689.49,"end":6700.69,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":6689.49,"end":6689.97},{"text":"commend","start":6689.97,"end":6690.61},{"text":"this","start":6690.61,"end":6690.93},{"text":"work","start":6690.93,"end":6691.33},{"text":"rather","start":6691.33,"end":6691.85},{"text":"and","start":6692.29,"end":6692.85},{"text":"we","start":6693.01,"end":6693.65},{"text":"welcome","start":6693.65,"end":6694.53},{"text":"report","start":6694.93,"end":6695.41},{"text":"A/80/274","start":6697.77,"end":6699.45},{"text":"of","start":6699.45,"end":6699.53},{"text":"the","start":6699.53,"end":6699.61},{"text":"UN","start":6699.61,"end":6699.81},{"text":"Secretary","start":6699.81,"end":6700.25},{"text":"General.","start":6700.25,"end":6700.69}]},{"text":"This report looks at this issue extremely well.","start":6702.17,"end":6707.13,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":6702.17,"end":6702.57},{"text":"report","start":6702.89,"end":6703.69},{"text":"looks","start":6704.65,"end":6705.13},{"text":"at","start":6705.13,"end":6705.37},{"text":"this","start":6705.37,"end":6705.53},{"text":"issue","start":6705.61,"end":6706.09},{"text":"extremely","start":6706.17,"end":6706.81},{"text":"well.","start":6706.81,"end":6707.13}]},{"text":"The Congo delegation is committed to a zero tolerance policy in terms of combating impunity, but given the importance of universal jurisdiction, we would like to make the following recommendations.","start":6707.45,"end":6721.37,"topics":[{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":6707.45,"end":6707.57},{"text":"Congo","start":6707.61,"end":6707.85},{"text":"delegation","start":6707.85,"end":6708.57},{"text":"is","start":6708.97,"end":6709.21},{"text":"committed","start":6709.21,"end":6709.73},{"text":"to","start":6709.73,"end":6710.17},{"text":"a","start":6710.57,"end":6710.61},{"text":"zero","start":6710.61,"end":6710.89},{"text":"tolerance","start":6710.89,"end":6711.45},{"text":"policy","start":6711.45,"end":6712.17},{"text":"in","start":6712.57,"end":6712.73},{"text":"terms","start":6712.73,"end":6713.05},{"text":"of","start":6713.17,"end":6713.37},{"text":"combating","start":6713.77,"end":6714.25},{"text":"impunity,","start":6714.25,"end":6714.97},{"text":"but","start":6715.21,"end":6715.69},{"text":"given","start":6715.69,"end":6716.09},{"text":"the","start":6716.09,"end":6716.21},{"text":"importance","start":6716.21,"end":6716.69},{"text":"of","start":6716.69,"end":6716.81},{"text":"universal","start":6716.81,"end":6717.29},{"text":"jurisdiction,","start":6717.29,"end":6718.33},{"text":"we","start":6718.65,"end":6718.97},{"text":"would","start":6718.97,"end":6719.13},{"text":"like","start":6719.13,"end":6719.33},{"text":"to","start":6719.33,"end":6719.45},{"text":"make","start":6719.45,"end":6719.77},{"text":"the","start":6719.85,"end":6719.97},{"text":"following","start":6720.01,"end":6720.33},{"text":"recommendations.","start":6720.33,"end":6721.37}]},{"text":"Exercising universal jurisdiction must be in line with the law, respecting the subsidiarity principle that in encourages the primacy of national courts for proceedings; encourages accountability at national and international level; retains the principle whereby universal jurisdiction is used when the affected states do not pronounce themselves pursuant to the principle of complementarity; There should be no discrimination and no political purposes behind this.","start":6722.57,"end":6763.33,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiarity-and-last-resort","label":"Subsidiarity and Last Resort","description":"Numerous speakers argued that universal jurisdiction should be secondary to territorial, nationality-based, or other closer jurisdictional links. In this view, it should be used only when the state with primary jurisdiction is unwilling or unable genuinely to investigate and prosecute."},{"key":"politicization-and-selective-use","label":"Politicization and Selective Use","description":"A widely shared concern was that universal jurisdiction can be abused for political, discriminatory, or selective purposes. Delegations warned against using domestic courts to target foreign officials or advance geopolitical agendas under the banner of justice."}],"words":[{"text":"Exercising","start":6722.57,"end":6723.29},{"text":"universal","start":6723.29,"end":6723.77},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":6723.77,"end":6724.33},{"text":"must","start":6724.57,"end":6724.89},{"text":"be","start":6724.89,"end":6725.13},{"text":"in","start":6725.13,"end":6725.53},{"text":"line","start":6725.53,"end":6725.93},{"text":"with","start":6725.93,"end":6726.13},{"text":"the","start":6726.13,"end":6726.21},{"text":"law,","start":6726.21,"end":6726.61},{"text":"respecting","start":6727.53,"end":6727.93},{"text":"the","start":6727.93,"end":6728.05},{"text":"subsidiarity","start":6728.05,"end":6728.73},{"text":"principle","start":6728.73,"end":6729.21},{"text":"that","start":6729.21,"end":6729.45},{"text":"in","start":6729.45,"end":6729.77},{"text":"encourages","start":6730.61,"end":6730.93},{"text":"the","start":6730.93,"end":6731.05},{"text":"primacy","start":6731.05,"end":6731.61},{"text":"of","start":6731.61,"end":6731.85},{"text":"national","start":6732.09,"end":6732.53},{"text":"courts","start":6732.53,"end":6733.05},{"text":"for","start":6733.05,"end":6733.29},{"text":"proceedings;","start":6733.29,"end":6734.01},{"text":"encourages","start":6735.13,"end":6735.65},{"text":"accountability","start":6735.69,"end":6737.13},{"text":"at","start":6737.97,"end":6738.09},{"text":"national","start":6738.17,"end":6738.73},{"text":"and","start":6738.73,"end":6738.97},{"text":"international","start":6738.97,"end":6739.73},{"text":"level;","start":6739.73,"end":6740.25},{"text":"retains","start":6740.89,"end":6741.81},{"text":"the","start":6741.81,"end":6741.97},{"text":"principle","start":6742.57,"end":6743.25},{"text":"whereby","start":6743.25,"end":6743.61},{"text":"universal","start":6743.69,"end":6744.25},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":6744.25,"end":6745.21},{"text":"is","start":6745.53,"end":6745.77},{"text":"used","start":6745.77,"end":6746.25},{"text":"when","start":6746.25,"end":6746.65},{"text":"the","start":6746.65,"end":6746.85},{"text":"affected","start":6746.97,"end":6747.37},{"text":"states","start":6747.37,"end":6747.93},{"text":"do","start":6749.05,"end":6749.29},{"text":"not","start":6749.29,"end":6749.93},{"text":"pronounce","start":6750.25,"end":6750.73},{"text":"themselves","start":6750.73,"end":6751.37},{"text":"pursuant","start":6751.61,"end":6752.13},{"text":"to","start":6752.13,"end":6752.21},{"text":"the","start":6752.25,"end":6752.33},{"text":"principle","start":6752.33,"end":6752.97},{"text":"of","start":6753.01,"end":6753.21},{"text":"complementarity;","start":6753.37,"end":6754.57},{"text":"There","start":6759.57,"end":6759.65},{"text":"should","start":6759.65,"end":6759.85},{"text":"be","start":6759.85,"end":6759.97},{"text":"no","start":6759.97,"end":6760.29},{"text":"discrimination","start":6760.29,"end":6760.89},{"text":"and","start":6760.89,"end":6761.01},{"text":"no","start":6761.01,"end":6761.17},{"text":"political","start":6761.17,"end":6761.89},{"text":"purposes","start":6761.89,"end":6762.53},{"text":"behind","start":6762.53,"end":6762.97},{"text":"this.","start":6762.97,"end":6763.33}]},{"text":"In conclusion, my delegation would like to urge all states to take accountability based on to combat impunity based on the non-interference of domestic affairs.","start":6764.05,"end":6777.49,"topics":[{"key":"sovereignty-and-immunities","label":"Sovereignty and Immunities","description":"Many statements emphasized that the exercise of universal jurisdiction must respect sovereign equality, non-interference, territorial integrity, and the immunities of state officials under international law. Several delegations warned that ignoring these principles would damage interstate relations and the legitimacy of the legal system."},{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":6764.05,"end":6764.21},{"text":"conclusion,","start":6764.21,"end":6764.93},{"text":"my","start":6765.25,"end":6765.49},{"text":"delegation","start":6765.49,"end":6766.13},{"text":"would","start":6766.21,"end":6766.45},{"text":"like","start":6766.57,"end":6766.85},{"text":"to","start":6766.85,"end":6767.17},{"text":"urge","start":6767.37,"end":6767.65},{"text":"all","start":6768.09,"end":6768.45},{"text":"states","start":6768.45,"end":6769.01},{"text":"to","start":6769.01,"end":6769.21},{"text":"take","start":6769.49,"end":6769.85},{"text":"accountability","start":6769.85,"end":6770.85},{"text":"based","start":6771.65,"end":6772.13},{"text":"on","start":6772.13,"end":6772.61},{"text":"to","start":6773.01,"end":6773.13},{"text":"combat","start":6773.17,"end":6773.49},{"text":"impunity","start":6773.49,"end":6774.21},{"text":"based","start":6774.21,"end":6774.61},{"text":"on","start":6774.61,"end":6774.77},{"text":"the","start":6774.77,"end":6774.85},{"text":"non-interference","start":6774.85,"end":6775.65},{"text":"of","start":6775.81,"end":6776.05},{"text":"domestic","start":6776.37,"end":6776.93},{"text":"affairs.","start":6776.93,"end":6777.49}]},{"text":"Thank you.","start":6778.21,"end":6778.53,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":6778.21,"end":6778.45},{"text":"you.","start":6778.45,"end":6778.53}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"COG","affiliation_full":"Congo","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":51,"start":6781.01,"pageUrl":"/en/ga/c6/80/23?t=6782","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you very much for your statement.","start":6781.01,"end":6785.01,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":6781.01,"end":6781.25},{"text":"you","start":6781.25,"end":6781.33},{"text":"very","start":6781.33,"end":6781.57},{"text":"much","start":6781.57,"end":6781.89},{"text":"for","start":6781.89,"end":6782.09},{"text":"your","start":6782.09,"end":6782.21},{"text":"statement.","start":6782.21,"end":6785.01}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"I now give the floor to the representative of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.","start":6785.33,"end":6790.21,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":6785.33,"end":6785.41},{"text":"now","start":6785.41,"end":6785.65},{"text":"give","start":6785.65,"end":6785.89},{"text":"the","start":6785.89,"end":6785.97},{"text":"floor","start":6786.05,"end":6786.41},{"text":"to","start":6786.45,"end":6786.65},{"text":"the","start":6787.41,"end":6787.53},{"text":"representative","start":6787.57,"end":6788.29},{"text":"of","start":6788.29,"end":6788.37},{"text":"the","start":6788.37,"end":6788.49},{"text":"Bolivarian","start":6788.49,"end":6788.97},{"text":"Republic","start":6788.97,"end":6789.41},{"text":"of","start":6789.41,"end":6789.49},{"text":"Venezuela.","start":6789.49,"end":6790.21}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"6th Committee","affiliation_full":"6th Committee","group":null,"function":"Vice-Chair"}},{"statement_number":52,"start":6794.65,"pageUrl":"/en/ga/c6/80/23?t=6795","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Chairman.","start":6794.65,"end":6795.33,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":6794.65,"end":6794.85},{"text":"you,","start":6794.85,"end":6794.93},{"text":"Chairman.","start":6794.93,"end":6795.33}]},{"text":"Venezuela reaffirms its commitment to combating impunity for all crimes, including those of an international nature.","start":6796.21,"end":6804.81,"topics":[{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."}],"words":[{"text":"Venezuela","start":6796.21,"end":6796.77},{"text":"reaffirms","start":6796.77,"end":6797.29},{"text":"its","start":6797.29,"end":6797.41},{"text":"commitment","start":6797.41,"end":6798.17},{"text":"to","start":6798.17,"end":6798.37},{"text":"combating","start":6798.37,"end":6798.97},{"text":"impunity","start":6798.97,"end":6799.81},{"text":"for","start":6799.81,"end":6800.25},{"text":"all","start":6800.25,"end":6800.37},{"text":"crimes,","start":6800.37,"end":6801.01},{"text":"including","start":6801.01,"end":6801.97},{"text":"those","start":6801.97,"end":6802.61},{"text":"of","start":6803.41,"end":6803.45},{"text":"an","start":6803.49,"end":6803.57},{"text":"international","start":6803.57,"end":6804.33},{"text":"nature.","start":6804.33,"end":6804.81}]},{"text":"In this context, we have taken note of the report introduced by the Secretary-General in July this year entitled Scope and Application of the Principle of Universal Jurisdiction.","start":6804.97,"end":6815.45,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":6804.97,"end":6805.09},{"text":"this","start":6805.09,"end":6805.21},{"text":"context,","start":6805.21,"end":6805.77},{"text":"we","start":6805.77,"end":6805.85},{"text":"have","start":6805.85,"end":6805.97},{"text":"taken","start":6805.97,"end":6806.41},{"text":"note","start":6806.41,"end":6806.73},{"text":"of","start":6806.73,"end":6807.05},{"text":"the","start":6807.05,"end":6807.21},{"text":"report","start":6807.37,"end":6807.97},{"text":"introduced","start":6807.97,"end":6808.41},{"text":"by","start":6808.41,"end":6808.57},{"text":"the","start":6808.57,"end":6808.65},{"text":"Secretary-General","start":6808.65,"end":6809.61},{"text":"in","start":6809.61,"end":6809.77},{"text":"July","start":6809.77,"end":6810.17},{"text":"this","start":6810.17,"end":6810.49},{"text":"year","start":6810.49,"end":6810.89},{"text":"entitled","start":6811.29,"end":6811.97},{"text":"Scope","start":6811.97,"end":6812.37},{"text":"and","start":6812.37,"end":6812.49},{"text":"Application","start":6812.49,"end":6813.13},{"text":"of","start":6813.13,"end":6813.21},{"text":"the","start":6813.21,"end":6813.29},{"text":"Principle","start":6813.29,"end":6813.97},{"text":"of","start":6813.97,"end":6814.05},{"text":"Universal","start":6814.05,"end":6814.57},{"text":"Jurisdiction.","start":6814.57,"end":6815.45}]},{"text":"Chairman, although there is still not a consensus on the scope and application of the principle of universal jurisdiction, we share the concern as to the possible use or misuse of this principle.","start":6817.37,"end":6829.93,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."},{"key":"politicization-and-selective-use","label":"Politicization and Selective Use","description":"A widely shared concern was that universal jurisdiction can be abused for political, discriminatory, or selective purposes. Delegations warned against using domestic courts to target foreign officials or advance geopolitical agendas under the banner of justice."}],"words":[{"text":"Chairman,","start":6817.37,"end":6817.93},{"text":"although","start":6818.57,"end":6818.97},{"text":"there","start":6819.05,"end":6819.29},{"text":"is","start":6819.29,"end":6819.37},{"text":"still","start":6819.37,"end":6819.65},{"text":"not","start":6819.65,"end":6819.89},{"text":"a","start":6819.89,"end":6819.93},{"text":"consensus","start":6819.93,"end":6820.73},{"text":"on","start":6820.73,"end":6820.81},{"text":"the","start":6820.81,"end":6820.89},{"text":"scope","start":6820.89,"end":6821.29},{"text":"and","start":6821.29,"end":6821.41},{"text":"application","start":6821.41,"end":6822.05},{"text":"of","start":6822.05,"end":6822.13},{"text":"the","start":6822.13,"end":6822.21},{"text":"principle","start":6822.21,"end":6822.77},{"text":"of","start":6822.77,"end":6822.89},{"text":"universal","start":6822.89,"end":6823.37},{"text":"jurisdiction,","start":6823.37,"end":6824.25},{"text":"we","start":6824.65,"end":6824.81},{"text":"share","start":6824.81,"end":6825.21},{"text":"the","start":6825.21,"end":6825.33},{"text":"concern","start":6825.33,"end":6826.33},{"text":"as","start":6826.65,"end":6826.89},{"text":"to","start":6826.89,"end":6827.05},{"text":"the","start":6827.05,"end":6827.13},{"text":"possible","start":6827.13,"end":6827.69},{"text":"use","start":6827.69,"end":6828.17},{"text":"or","start":6828.17,"end":6828.37},{"text":"misuse","start":6828.37,"end":6828.93},{"text":"of","start":6828.93,"end":6829.01},{"text":"this","start":6829.01,"end":6829.21},{"text":"principle.","start":6829.21,"end":6829.93}]},{"text":"Universal jurisdiction is an emerging concept.","start":6830.57,"end":6833.21,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"Universal","start":6830.57,"end":6831.05},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":6831.05,"end":6831.77},{"text":"is","start":6831.77,"end":6831.93},{"text":"an","start":6831.93,"end":6832.01},{"text":"emerging","start":6832.01,"end":6832.57},{"text":"concept.","start":6832.57,"end":6833.21}]},{"text":"To guarantee its impartial and objective application, it is necessary to establish clear definitions and transparent mechanisms that would avoid arbitrary or flexible interpretations that might lead to undue intervention.","start":6833.61,"end":6849.13,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."},{"key":"procedural-safeguards","label":"Procedural Safeguards","description":"Many delegations called for procedural limits to ensure fair and disciplined use of universal jurisdiction. Frequently mentioned safeguards included the presence of the accused in the forum state, due process guarantees, prior consultation with concerned states, high-level prosecutorial review, and protection against duplicative proceedings."}],"words":[{"text":"To","start":6833.61,"end":6833.73},{"text":"guarantee","start":6833.73,"end":6834.41},{"text":"its","start":6834.41,"end":6834.61},{"text":"impartial","start":6834.61,"end":6835.21},{"text":"and","start":6835.21,"end":6835.37},{"text":"objective","start":6835.37,"end":6836.01},{"text":"application,","start":6836.01,"end":6836.89},{"text":"it","start":6837.21,"end":6837.29},{"text":"is","start":6837.29,"end":6837.41},{"text":"necessary","start":6837.41,"end":6838.09},{"text":"to","start":6838.09,"end":6838.49},{"text":"establish","start":6838.65,"end":6839.29},{"text":"clear","start":6839.29,"end":6839.61},{"text":"definitions","start":6839.61,"end":6840.41},{"text":"and","start":6840.41,"end":6840.53},{"text":"transparent","start":6840.53,"end":6841.13},{"text":"mechanisms","start":6841.13,"end":6841.93},{"text":"that","start":6841.93,"end":6842.17},{"text":"would","start":6842.17,"end":6842.33},{"text":"avoid","start":6842.33,"end":6842.89},{"text":"arbitrary","start":6843.21,"end":6844.17},{"text":"or","start":6844.33,"end":6844.49},{"text":"flexible","start":6844.49,"end":6845.09},{"text":"interpretations","start":6845.09,"end":6846.09},{"text":"that","start":6846.09,"end":6846.33},{"text":"might","start":6846.33,"end":6846.57},{"text":"lead","start":6846.57,"end":6846.89},{"text":"to","start":6846.89,"end":6847.45},{"text":"undue","start":6847.77,"end":6848.33},{"text":"intervention.","start":6848.33,"end":6849.13}]},{"text":"In this context, we maintain that crimes liable to invoke universal jurisdiction should be duly defined at an international level.","start":6851.53,"end":6861.21,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":6851.53,"end":6851.65},{"text":"this","start":6851.65,"end":6851.77},{"text":"context,","start":6851.77,"end":6852.49},{"text":"we","start":6852.49,"end":6852.65},{"text":"maintain","start":6852.65,"end":6853.37},{"text":"that","start":6853.37,"end":6853.77},{"text":"crimes","start":6853.77,"end":6854.57},{"text":"liable","start":6855.93,"end":6856.25},{"text":"to","start":6856.25,"end":6856.57},{"text":"invoke","start":6856.65,"end":6857.13},{"text":"universal","start":6857.13,"end":6857.69},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":6857.69,"end":6858.49},{"text":"should","start":6858.49,"end":6858.81},{"text":"be","start":6858.81,"end":6859.05},{"text":"duly","start":6859.09,"end":6859.45},{"text":"defined","start":6859.45,"end":6859.89},{"text":"at","start":6859.89,"end":6859.97},{"text":"an","start":6859.97,"end":6860.09},{"text":"international","start":6860.09,"end":6860.73},{"text":"level.","start":6860.73,"end":6861.21}]},{"text":"They should be limited solely to those that by their serious nature affect the international community as a whole.","start":6861.61,"end":6868.73,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"They","start":6861.61,"end":6861.77},{"text":"should","start":6861.77,"end":6862.01},{"text":"be","start":6862.01,"end":6862.17},{"text":"limited","start":6862.17,"end":6862.65},{"text":"solely","start":6862.65,"end":6863.21},{"text":"to","start":6863.21,"end":6863.37},{"text":"those","start":6863.37,"end":6863.93},{"text":"that","start":6864.09,"end":6864.49},{"text":"by","start":6864.49,"end":6864.73},{"text":"their","start":6864.73,"end":6864.93},{"text":"serious","start":6864.93,"end":6865.45},{"text":"nature","start":6865.45,"end":6866.01},{"text":"affect","start":6866.33,"end":6866.81},{"text":"the","start":6866.81,"end":6866.93},{"text":"international","start":6866.93,"end":6867.49},{"text":"community","start":6867.49,"end":6867.97},{"text":"as","start":6867.97,"end":6868.17},{"text":"a","start":6868.17,"end":6868.21},{"text":"whole.","start":6868.21,"end":6868.73}]},{"text":"The application of this principle must be based exclusively on norms of international law, a mere reference to internal law being insufficient.","start":6869.13,"end":6879.53,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":6869.13,"end":6869.25},{"text":"application","start":6869.25,"end":6869.93},{"text":"of","start":6869.93,"end":6870.01},{"text":"this","start":6870.01,"end":6870.25},{"text":"principle","start":6870.25,"end":6870.97},{"text":"must","start":6870.97,"end":6871.29},{"text":"be","start":6871.29,"end":6871.53},{"text":"based","start":6871.53,"end":6871.85},{"text":"exclusively","start":6871.85,"end":6872.89},{"text":"on","start":6872.89,"end":6873.29},{"text":"norms","start":6874.01,"end":6874.41},{"text":"of","start":6874.41,"end":6874.49},{"text":"international","start":6874.49,"end":6875.57},{"text":"law,","start":6875.57,"end":6875.65},{"text":"a","start":6876.09,"end":6876.17},{"text":"mere","start":6876.17,"end":6876.53},{"text":"reference","start":6876.53,"end":6876.93},{"text":"to","start":6876.93,"end":6877.29},{"text":"internal","start":6877.29,"end":6878.29},{"text":"law","start":6878.29,"end":6878.41},{"text":"being","start":6878.41,"end":6878.65},{"text":"insufficient.","start":6878.65,"end":6879.53}]},{"text":"Chair, this topic was initially included on the programme of the 63rd session of the General Assembly, in part driven by the legitimate concern expressed by the African Union on the fact that the principle of universal jurisdiction could be applied arbitrarily and depending on the circumstances, particularly against African leaders.","start":6881.37,"end":6906.25,"topics":[{"key":"politicization-and-selective-use","label":"Politicization and Selective Use","description":"A widely shared concern was that universal jurisdiction can be abused for political, discriminatory, or selective purposes. Delegations warned against using domestic courts to target foreign officials or advance geopolitical agendas under the banner of justice."}],"words":[{"text":"Chair,","start":6881.37,"end":6881.85},{"text":"this","start":6882.33,"end":6882.73},{"text":"topic","start":6883.41,"end":6883.77},{"text":"was","start":6883.77,"end":6883.93},{"text":"initially","start":6883.93,"end":6884.57},{"text":"included","start":6884.57,"end":6885.37},{"text":"on","start":6885.37,"end":6885.69},{"text":"the","start":6885.69,"end":6885.89},{"text":"programme","start":6885.89,"end":6886.53},{"text":"of","start":6886.53,"end":6886.65},{"text":"the","start":6886.65,"end":6886.77},{"text":"63rd","start":6886.77,"end":6887.61},{"text":"session","start":6887.85,"end":6888.29},{"text":"of","start":6888.29,"end":6888.37},{"text":"the","start":6888.37,"end":6888.45},{"text":"General","start":6888.45,"end":6888.77},{"text":"Assembly,","start":6888.77,"end":6889.37},{"text":"in","start":6889.37,"end":6889.61},{"text":"part","start":6889.61,"end":6890.05},{"text":"driven","start":6890.05,"end":6890.41},{"text":"by","start":6890.41,"end":6890.73},{"text":"the","start":6890.73,"end":6890.89},{"text":"legitimate","start":6890.89,"end":6891.45},{"text":"concern","start":6891.45,"end":6892.01},{"text":"expressed","start":6892.01,"end":6892.65},{"text":"by","start":6892.65,"end":6892.81},{"text":"the","start":6892.81,"end":6892.97},{"text":"African","start":6893.05,"end":6893.61},{"text":"Union","start":6893.61,"end":6894.09},{"text":"on","start":6895.01,"end":6895.13},{"text":"the","start":6897.37,"end":6897.53},{"text":"fact","start":6897.53,"end":6897.77},{"text":"that","start":6897.77,"end":6897.93},{"text":"the","start":6897.93,"end":6898.09},{"text":"principle","start":6898.09,"end":6898.45},{"text":"of","start":6898.45,"end":6898.57},{"text":"universal","start":6898.57,"end":6899.01},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":6899.01,"end":6899.61},{"text":"could","start":6899.61,"end":6899.85},{"text":"be","start":6899.85,"end":6900.01},{"text":"applied","start":6900.01,"end":6900.65},{"text":"arbitrarily","start":6901.37,"end":6902.25},{"text":"and","start":6902.25,"end":6902.49},{"text":"depending","start":6902.49,"end":6902.93},{"text":"on","start":6902.93,"end":6903.05},{"text":"the","start":6903.05,"end":6903.13},{"text":"circumstances,","start":6903.13,"end":6904.17},{"text":"particularly","start":6904.17,"end":6904.89},{"text":"against","start":6904.89,"end":6905.21},{"text":"African","start":6905.21,"end":6905.69},{"text":"leaders.","start":6905.69,"end":6906.25}]},{"text":"We believe that this concern remains valid today.","start":6906.81,"end":6909.93,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":6906.81,"end":6906.97},{"text":"believe","start":6906.97,"end":6907.33},{"text":"that","start":6907.33,"end":6907.45},{"text":"this","start":6907.45,"end":6907.69},{"text":"concern","start":6907.69,"end":6908.41},{"text":"remains","start":6908.41,"end":6909.05},{"text":"valid","start":6909.05,"end":6909.37},{"text":"today.","start":6909.37,"end":6909.93}]},{"text":"An unfettered application of universal jurisdiction could undermine the rule of law by violating fundamental principles such as the sovereign equality of states and non-intervention in their internal affairs.","start":6911.49,"end":6926.41,"topics":[{"key":"sovereignty-and-immunities","label":"Sovereignty and Immunities","description":"Many statements emphasized that the exercise of universal jurisdiction must respect sovereign equality, non-interference, territorial integrity, and the immunities of state officials under international law. Several delegations warned that ignoring these principles would damage interstate relations and the legitimacy of the legal system."},{"key":"politicization-and-selective-use","label":"Politicization and Selective Use","description":"A widely shared concern was that universal jurisdiction can be abused for political, discriminatory, or selective purposes. Delegations warned against using domestic courts to target foreign officials or advance geopolitical agendas under the banner of justice."}],"words":[{"text":"An","start":6911.49,"end":6911.69},{"text":"unfettered","start":6911.69,"end":6912.33},{"text":"application","start":6912.33,"end":6913.05},{"text":"of","start":6913.05,"end":6913.13},{"text":"universal","start":6913.13,"end":6913.69},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":6913.69,"end":6914.57},{"text":"could","start":6914.57,"end":6914.89},{"text":"undermine","start":6914.89,"end":6915.61},{"text":"the","start":6915.61,"end":6915.69},{"text":"rule","start":6915.69,"end":6915.93},{"text":"of","start":6915.97,"end":6916.09},{"text":"law","start":6916.09,"end":6916.65},{"text":"by","start":6917.13,"end":6917.45},{"text":"violating","start":6917.61,"end":6918.49},{"text":"fundamental","start":6918.49,"end":6919.21},{"text":"principles","start":6919.21,"end":6920.01},{"text":"such","start":6920.01,"end":6920.57},{"text":"as","start":6920.61,"end":6920.73},{"text":"the","start":6920.73,"end":6920.85},{"text":"sovereign","start":6920.85,"end":6921.29},{"text":"equality","start":6921.29,"end":6921.77},{"text":"of","start":6921.77,"end":6921.85},{"text":"states","start":6921.85,"end":6922.45},{"text":"and","start":6922.97,"end":6923.37},{"text":"non-intervention","start":6923.37,"end":6924.41},{"text":"in","start":6924.41,"end":6924.65},{"text":"their","start":6924.65,"end":6924.89},{"text":"internal","start":6925.21,"end":6925.77},{"text":"affairs.","start":6925.77,"end":6926.41}]},{"text":"These are essential pillars to international peace and security.","start":6926.41,"end":6930.17,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"These","start":6926.41,"end":6926.81},{"text":"are","start":6926.81,"end":6926.97},{"text":"essential","start":6926.97,"end":6927.53},{"text":"pillars","start":6927.53,"end":6928.01},{"text":"to","start":6928.01,"end":6928.21},{"text":"international","start":6928.21,"end":6928.97},{"text":"peace","start":6928.97,"end":6929.25},{"text":"and","start":6929.25,"end":6929.41},{"text":"security.","start":6929.41,"end":6930.17}]},{"text":"For this reason, we support universal jurisdiction being limited to the universally accepted framework for international law, respecting the immunity afforded to high ranking state officials.","start":6930.97,"end":6946.97,"topics":[{"key":"sovereignty-and-immunities","label":"Sovereignty and Immunities","description":"Many statements emphasized that the exercise of universal jurisdiction must respect sovereign equality, non-interference, territorial integrity, and the immunities of state officials under international law. Several delegations warned that ignoring these principles would damage interstate relations and the legitimacy of the legal system."},{"key":"subsidiarity-and-last-resort","label":"Subsidiarity and Last Resort","description":"Numerous speakers argued that universal jurisdiction should be secondary to territorial, nationality-based, or other closer jurisdictional links. In this view, it should be used only when the state with primary jurisdiction is unwilling or unable genuinely to investigate and prosecute."}],"words":[{"text":"For","start":6930.97,"end":6931.05},{"text":"this","start":6931.05,"end":6931.29},{"text":"reason,","start":6931.29,"end":6931.93},{"text":"we","start":6931.93,"end":6932.49},{"text":"support","start":6932.49,"end":6933.37},{"text":"universal","start":6933.53,"end":6934.33},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":6934.33,"end":6935.13},{"text":"being","start":6935.13,"end":6935.53},{"text":"limited","start":6935.53,"end":6936.13},{"text":"to","start":6936.13,"end":6936.89},{"text":"the","start":6937.45,"end":6937.65},{"text":"universally","start":6938.41,"end":6939.17},{"text":"accepted","start":6939.17,"end":6940.01},{"text":"framework","start":6940.17,"end":6940.73},{"text":"for","start":6940.73,"end":6940.89},{"text":"international","start":6940.89,"end":6941.85},{"text":"law,","start":6941.85,"end":6941.93},{"text":"respecting","start":6942.41,"end":6943.29},{"text":"the","start":6943.29,"end":6943.41},{"text":"immunity","start":6943.41,"end":6944.29},{"text":"afforded","start":6944.29,"end":6944.81},{"text":"to","start":6944.81,"end":6944.97},{"text":"high","start":6944.97,"end":6945.53},{"text":"ranking","start":6945.53,"end":6946.01},{"text":"state","start":6946.01,"end":6946.25},{"text":"officials.","start":6946.25,"end":6946.97}]},{"text":"Chair, it is the responsibility of every state to exercise its criminal jurisdiction against those committing crimes.","start":6947.53,"end":6955.93,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Chair,","start":6947.53,"end":6947.81},{"text":"it","start":6949.05,"end":6949.17},{"text":"is","start":6949.21,"end":6949.37},{"text":"the","start":6949.37,"end":6949.45},{"text":"responsibility","start":6949.45,"end":6950.37},{"text":"of","start":6950.37,"end":6950.49},{"text":"every","start":6950.49,"end":6950.81},{"text":"state","start":6950.81,"end":6951.33},{"text":"to","start":6951.33,"end":6951.45},{"text":"exercise","start":6951.45,"end":6952.17},{"text":"its","start":6952.17,"end":6952.49},{"text":"criminal","start":6952.49,"end":6952.97},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":6952.97,"end":6953.93},{"text":"against","start":6953.93,"end":6954.41},{"text":"those","start":6954.41,"end":6954.81},{"text":"committing","start":6954.81,"end":6955.29},{"text":"crimes.","start":6955.29,"end":6955.93}]},{"text":"Universal jurisdiction should always operate as a complement to the jurisdiction of national courts with a jurisdictional link, be it territorial or nationality-based link.","start":6956.25,"end":6971.09,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiarity-and-last-resort","label":"Subsidiarity and Last Resort","description":"Numerous speakers argued that universal jurisdiction should be secondary to territorial, nationality-based, or other closer jurisdictional links. In this view, it should be used only when the state with primary jurisdiction is unwilling or unable genuinely to investigate and prosecute."}],"words":[{"text":"Universal","start":6956.25,"end":6956.89},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":6956.89,"end":6957.93},{"text":"should","start":6958.65,"end":6958.81},{"text":"always","start":6958.81,"end":6959.29},{"text":"operate","start":6959.29,"end":6959.93},{"text":"as","start":6959.93,"end":6960.49},{"text":"a","start":6960.73,"end":6960.81},{"text":"complement","start":6960.89,"end":6961.89},{"text":"to","start":6961.89,"end":6962.33},{"text":"the","start":6962.73,"end":6962.85},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":6962.85,"end":6963.61},{"text":"of","start":6963.61,"end":6963.69},{"text":"national","start":6963.69,"end":6964.33},{"text":"courts","start":6964.33,"end":6965.13},{"text":"with","start":6965.21,"end":6965.65},{"text":"a","start":6966.81,"end":6966.85},{"text":"jurisdictional","start":6966.85,"end":6967.73},{"text":"link,","start":6967.73,"end":6968.09},{"text":"be","start":6968.09,"end":6968.25},{"text":"it","start":6968.25,"end":6968.45},{"text":"territorial","start":6968.45,"end":6969.29},{"text":"or","start":6969.29,"end":6969.69},{"text":"nationality-based","start":6969.69,"end":6970.81},{"text":"link.","start":6970.81,"end":6971.09}]},{"text":"Consequently, this jurisdiction should only be applied in cases where it can be sufficiently established that national authorities are unwilling or unable to exercise jurisdiction.","start":6971.13,"end":6984.41,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiarity-and-last-resort","label":"Subsidiarity and Last Resort","description":"Numerous speakers argued that universal jurisdiction should be secondary to territorial, nationality-based, or other closer jurisdictional links. In this view, it should be used only when the state with primary jurisdiction is unwilling or unable genuinely to investigate and prosecute."}],"words":[{"text":"Consequently,","start":6971.13,"end":6972.09},{"text":"this","start":6972.41,"end":6972.65},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":6972.65,"end":6973.61},{"text":"should","start":6973.61,"end":6973.93},{"text":"only","start":6974.09,"end":6974.81},{"text":"be","start":6974.81,"end":6975.05},{"text":"applied","start":6975.05,"end":6975.77},{"text":"in","start":6976.09,"end":6976.25},{"text":"cases","start":6976.25,"end":6976.89},{"text":"where","start":6976.89,"end":6977.25},{"text":"it","start":6977.25,"end":6977.37},{"text":"can","start":6977.37,"end":6977.77},{"text":"be","start":6977.77,"end":6978.01},{"text":"sufficiently","start":6978.01,"end":6978.89},{"text":"established","start":6978.89,"end":6979.61},{"text":"that","start":6979.61,"end":6979.77},{"text":"national","start":6979.77,"end":6980.33},{"text":"authorities","start":6980.33,"end":6981.21},{"text":"are","start":6981.21,"end":6981.61},{"text":"unwilling","start":6981.61,"end":6982.09},{"text":"or","start":6982.09,"end":6982.29},{"text":"unable","start":6982.29,"end":6982.65},{"text":"to","start":6982.65,"end":6982.81},{"text":"exercise","start":6982.81,"end":6983.45},{"text":"jurisdiction.","start":6983.61,"end":6984.41}]},{"text":"Venezuela's allegation notes with concern the growing trend to use this principle to replace national justice systems in an arbitrary and illegitimate exercise of universal jurisdiction following clearly political motivations.","start":6985.13,"end":7004.09,"topics":[{"key":"politicization-and-selective-use","label":"Politicization and Selective Use","description":"A widely shared concern was that universal jurisdiction can be abused for political, discriminatory, or selective purposes. Delegations warned against using domestic courts to target foreign officials or advance geopolitical agendas under the banner of justice."}],"words":[{"text":"Venezuela's","start":6985.13,"end":6985.65},{"text":"allegation","start":6985.65,"end":6986.37},{"text":"notes","start":6986.37,"end":6986.57},{"text":"with","start":6986.57,"end":6986.73},{"text":"concern","start":6986.73,"end":6987.61},{"text":"the","start":6987.93,"end":6988.13},{"text":"growing","start":6988.25,"end":6988.73},{"text":"trend","start":6988.73,"end":6989.17},{"text":"to","start":6989.17,"end":6989.33},{"text":"use","start":6989.33,"end":6989.89},{"text":"this","start":6989.89,"end":6990.09},{"text":"principle","start":6990.09,"end":6990.89},{"text":"to","start":6990.89,"end":6991.13},{"text":"replace","start":6991.53,"end":6992.33},{"text":"national","start":6992.33,"end":6992.89},{"text":"justice","start":6992.89,"end":6993.41},{"text":"systems","start":6993.41,"end":6994.09},{"text":"in","start":6994.65,"end":6994.97},{"text":"an","start":6995.05,"end":6995.29},{"text":"arbitrary","start":6995.29,"end":6996.41},{"text":"and","start":6996.41,"end":6996.81},{"text":"illegitimate","start":6996.81,"end":6997.61},{"text":"exercise","start":6997.61,"end":6998.49},{"text":"of","start":6998.49,"end":6998.57},{"text":"universal","start":6998.57,"end":6999.21},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":6999.21,"end":7000.09},{"text":"following","start":7000.41,"end":7001.21},{"text":"clearly","start":7002.01,"end":7002.57},{"text":"political","start":7002.57,"end":7003.17},{"text":"motivations.","start":7003.17,"end":7004.09}]},{"text":"This instrumental use of justice as a tool for aggression is a part of regime change strategies that continue to sow suffering, chaos and destruction around the world, jeopardizing the international rule of law.","start":7005.49,"end":7020.53,"topics":[{"key":"politicization-and-selective-use","label":"Politicization and Selective Use","description":"A widely shared concern was that universal jurisdiction can be abused for political, discriminatory, or selective purposes. Delegations warned against using domestic courts to target foreign officials or advance geopolitical agendas under the banner of justice."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":7005.49,"end":7005.65},{"text":"instrumental","start":7005.73,"end":7006.61},{"text":"use","start":7006.61,"end":7007.01},{"text":"of","start":7007.01,"end":7007.09},{"text":"justice","start":7007.09,"end":7007.81},{"text":"as","start":7007.81,"end":7008.05},{"text":"a","start":7008.05,"end":7008.09},{"text":"tool","start":7008.09,"end":7008.53},{"text":"for","start":7008.53,"end":7008.77},{"text":"aggression","start":7008.77,"end":7009.49},{"text":"is","start":7009.89,"end":7010.45},{"text":"a","start":7010.61,"end":7010.65},{"text":"part","start":7010.65,"end":7011.33},{"text":"of","start":7011.33,"end":7011.73},{"text":"regime","start":7011.73,"end":7012.37},{"text":"change","start":7012.37,"end":7012.77},{"text":"strategies","start":7012.77,"end":7013.49},{"text":"that","start":7013.49,"end":7013.65},{"text":"continue","start":7013.65,"end":7014.29},{"text":"to","start":7014.29,"end":7014.37},{"text":"sow","start":7014.37,"end":7014.61},{"text":"suffering,","start":7014.69,"end":7015.33},{"text":"chaos","start":7015.33,"end":7015.81},{"text":"and","start":7015.81,"end":7015.93},{"text":"destruction","start":7015.93,"end":7016.53},{"text":"around","start":7016.53,"end":7016.81},{"text":"the","start":7016.81,"end":7016.89},{"text":"world,","start":7016.89,"end":7017.33},{"text":"jeopardizing","start":7017.65,"end":7018.69},{"text":"the","start":7018.69,"end":7018.81},{"text":"international","start":7018.81,"end":7019.65},{"text":"rule","start":7019.65,"end":7019.97},{"text":"of","start":7019.97,"end":7020.05},{"text":"law.","start":7020.05,"end":7020.53}]},{"text":"Finally, Venezuela reaffirms its commitment to international law, interstate cooperation and mutual respect for state sovereignties.","start":7023.17,"end":7033.01,"topics":[{"key":"cooperation-and-national-capacity","label":"International Cooperation and National Capacity","description":"A recurring topic was the need to strengthen domestic justice systems and expand cooperation through extradition, mutual legal assistance, and judicial coordination. Delegations argued that stronger national capacity and better interstate cooperation are essential both to combat impunity and to reduce overreliance on universal jurisdiction."},{"key":"sovereignty-and-immunities","label":"Sovereignty and Immunities","description":"Many statements emphasized that the exercise of universal jurisdiction must respect sovereign equality, non-interference, territorial integrity, and the immunities of state officials under international law. Several delegations warned that ignoring these principles would damage interstate relations and the legitimacy of the legal system."}],"words":[{"text":"Finally,","start":7023.17,"end":7023.81},{"text":"Venezuela","start":7024.17,"end":7024.77},{"text":"reaffirms","start":7024.77,"end":7025.33},{"text":"its","start":7025.33,"end":7025.49},{"text":"commitment","start":7025.49,"end":7026.01},{"text":"to","start":7026.01,"end":7026.13},{"text":"international","start":7026.13,"end":7027.17},{"text":"law,","start":7027.17,"end":7027.25},{"text":"interstate","start":7028.21,"end":7028.77},{"text":"cooperation","start":7028.77,"end":7029.73},{"text":"and","start":7029.73,"end":7030.21},{"text":"mutual","start":7030.69,"end":7031.25},{"text":"respect","start":7031.25,"end":7031.73},{"text":"for","start":7031.73,"end":7031.89},{"text":"state","start":7031.89,"end":7032.13},{"text":"sovereignties.","start":7032.13,"end":7033.01}]},{"text":"In this context, we reiterate that only through dialogue, cooperation, equality and strict observance of the UN Charter will we be able to stride towards an international justice system that truly serves peace, truth and dignity for peoples.","start":7033.73,"end":7050.13,"topics":[{"key":"cooperation-and-national-capacity","label":"International Cooperation and National Capacity","description":"A recurring topic was the need to strengthen domestic justice systems and expand cooperation through extradition, mutual legal assistance, and judicial coordination. Delegations argued that stronger national capacity and better interstate cooperation are essential both to combat impunity and to reduce overreliance on universal jurisdiction."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":7033.73,"end":7033.81},{"text":"this","start":7033.81,"end":7034.05},{"text":"context,","start":7034.05,"end":7034.61},{"text":"we","start":7034.61,"end":7034.69},{"text":"reiterate","start":7034.69,"end":7035.41},{"text":"that","start":7035.41,"end":7035.57},{"text":"only","start":7035.57,"end":7035.97},{"text":"through","start":7035.97,"end":7036.21},{"text":"dialogue,","start":7036.21,"end":7036.73},{"text":"cooperation,","start":7036.73,"end":7037.73},{"text":"equality","start":7038.05,"end":7038.85},{"text":"and","start":7038.85,"end":7039.17},{"text":"strict","start":7039.17,"end":7039.57},{"text":"observance","start":7039.57,"end":7040.13},{"text":"of","start":7040.13,"end":7040.21},{"text":"the","start":7040.21,"end":7040.33},{"text":"UN","start":7040.33,"end":7040.61},{"text":"Charter","start":7040.61,"end":7041.17},{"text":"will","start":7041.17,"end":7041.41},{"text":"we","start":7041.41,"end":7041.57},{"text":"be","start":7041.57,"end":7041.69},{"text":"able","start":7041.69,"end":7042.13},{"text":"to","start":7042.13,"end":7042.29},{"text":"stride","start":7042.37,"end":7042.93},{"text":"towards","start":7042.93,"end":7043.77},{"text":"an","start":7043.77,"end":7043.89},{"text":"international","start":7043.89,"end":7044.53},{"text":"justice","start":7044.53,"end":7045.05},{"text":"system","start":7045.05,"end":7045.57},{"text":"that","start":7045.65,"end":7046.05},{"text":"truly","start":7046.05,"end":7046.45},{"text":"serves","start":7046.45,"end":7047.01},{"text":"peace,","start":7047.41,"end":7047.89},{"text":"truth","start":7047.97,"end":7048.45},{"text":"and","start":7048.61,"end":7048.89},{"text":"dignity","start":7048.89,"end":7049.41},{"text":"for","start":7049.41,"end":7049.57},{"text":"peoples.","start":7049.57,"end":7050.13}]},{"text":"Thank you very much.","start":7050.13,"end":7051.01,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":7050.13,"end":7050.37},{"text":"you","start":7050.37,"end":7050.49},{"text":"very","start":7050.49,"end":7050.65},{"text":"much.","start":7050.65,"end":7051.01}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"VEN","affiliation_full":"Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":53,"start":7052.45,"pageUrl":"/en/ga/c6/80/23?t=7053","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Muchas gracias.","start":7052.45,"end":7053.41,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Muchas","start":7052.45,"end":7052.73},{"text":"gracias.","start":7052.77,"end":7053.41}]},{"text":"And now I am turning to the representative of Morocco.","start":7054.13,"end":7058.13,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":7054.13,"end":7054.45},{"text":"now","start":7054.53,"end":7055.09},{"text":"I","start":7055.09,"end":7055.29},{"text":"am","start":7055.29,"end":7055.49},{"text":"turning","start":7055.49,"end":7056.05},{"text":"to","start":7056.05,"end":7056.29},{"text":"the","start":7056.37,"end":7056.45},{"text":"representative","start":7056.53,"end":7057.45},{"text":"of","start":7057.45,"end":7057.57},{"text":"Morocco.","start":7057.57,"end":7058.13}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"6th Committee","affiliation_full":"6th Committee","group":null,"function":"Vice-Chair"}},{"statement_number":54,"start":7060.81,"pageUrl":"/en/ga/c6/80/23?t=7061","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you very much, sir, for","start":7060.81,"end":7062.29,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":7060.81,"end":7061.09},{"text":"you","start":7061.13,"end":7061.21},{"text":"very","start":7061.21,"end":7061.45},{"text":"much,","start":7061.61,"end":7061.85},{"text":"sir,","start":7061.85,"end":7062.01},{"text":"for","start":7062.09,"end":7062.29}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"giving me the floor, Mr. Chairman.","start":7062.65,"end":7065.45,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"giving","start":7062.65,"end":7063.13},{"text":"me","start":7063.21,"end":7063.69},{"text":"the","start":7063.69,"end":7063.85},{"text":"floor,","start":7063.85,"end":7064.25},{"text":"Mr.","start":7064.25,"end":7064.65},{"text":"Chairman.","start":7064.65,"end":7065.45}]},{"text":"The delegation of the Kingdom of Morocco would like to express its thanks to the Secretary General for his annual report on the scope and application of universal jurisdiction that is drafted pursuant to the various different resolutions of the General Assembly.","start":7066.25,"end":7083.85,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":7066.25,"end":7066.37},{"text":"delegation","start":7066.73,"end":7067.17},{"text":"of","start":7067.17,"end":7067.25},{"text":"the","start":7067.25,"end":7067.33},{"text":"Kingdom","start":7067.33,"end":7067.61},{"text":"of","start":7067.61,"end":7067.69},{"text":"Morocco","start":7067.69,"end":7067.93},{"text":"would","start":7067.93,"end":7068.05},{"text":"like","start":7068.05,"end":7068.21},{"text":"to","start":7068.21,"end":7068.29},{"text":"express","start":7068.29,"end":7068.73},{"text":"its","start":7068.81,"end":7069.13},{"text":"thanks","start":7069.13,"end":7069.45},{"text":"to","start":7069.45,"end":7069.61},{"text":"the","start":7069.61,"end":7069.73},{"text":"Secretary","start":7069.73,"end":7070.09},{"text":"General","start":7070.09,"end":7070.57},{"text":"for","start":7070.81,"end":7071.05},{"text":"his","start":7071.05,"end":7071.29},{"text":"annual","start":7071.37,"end":7071.77},{"text":"report","start":7071.77,"end":7072.25},{"text":"on","start":7072.25,"end":7072.49},{"text":"the","start":7072.49,"end":7072.61},{"text":"scope","start":7072.61,"end":7072.97},{"text":"and","start":7072.97,"end":7073.13},{"text":"application","start":7073.13,"end":7073.85},{"text":"of","start":7073.93,"end":7074.25},{"text":"universal","start":7074.25,"end":7074.89},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":7074.89,"end":7075.77},{"text":"that","start":7076.81,"end":7077.13},{"text":"is","start":7077.13,"end":7077.37},{"text":"drafted","start":7077.37,"end":7077.85},{"text":"pursuant","start":7077.85,"end":7078.45},{"text":"to","start":7078.45,"end":7078.53},{"text":"the","start":7078.53,"end":7078.61},{"text":"various","start":7078.61,"end":7079.61},{"text":"different","start":7081.05,"end":7081.77},{"text":"resolutions","start":7081.77,"end":7082.53},{"text":"of","start":7082.53,"end":7082.65},{"text":"the","start":7082.65,"end":7082.73},{"text":"General","start":7082.73,"end":7083.05},{"text":"Assembly.","start":7083.05,"end":7083.85}]},{"text":"Oh, dated the 4th of December, would also like to commend the efforts made by member states to exchange relevant information on this.","start":7084.65,"end":7091.53,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Oh,","start":7084.65,"end":7084.81},{"text":"dated","start":7084.89,"end":7085.21},{"text":"the","start":7085.21,"end":7085.29},{"text":"4th","start":7085.29,"end":7085.53},{"text":"of","start":7085.53,"end":7085.77},{"text":"December,","start":7085.77,"end":7086.17},{"text":"would","start":7086.17,"end":7086.29},{"text":"also","start":7086.29,"end":7086.49},{"text":"like","start":7086.49,"end":7086.61},{"text":"to","start":7086.61,"end":7086.73},{"text":"commend","start":7086.73,"end":7087.17},{"text":"the","start":7087.17,"end":7087.25},{"text":"efforts","start":7087.25,"end":7087.61},{"text":"made","start":7087.61,"end":7087.81},{"text":"by","start":7087.81,"end":7088.01},{"text":"member","start":7088.01,"end":7088.33},{"text":"states","start":7088.33,"end":7088.93},{"text":"to","start":7088.93,"end":7089.01},{"text":"exchange","start":7089.01,"end":7089.61},{"text":"relevant","start":7089.61,"end":7090.09},{"text":"information","start":7090.09,"end":7090.73},{"text":"on","start":7090.73,"end":7091.09},{"text":"this.","start":7091.09,"end":7091.53}]},{"text":"Sir, the Kingdom of Morocco remains convinced of the importance of efforts taken at the international level to prevent and punish violations of international law and also serious crimes and to combat impunity in line with the principle of universal jurisdiction.","start":7092.17,"end":7109.21,"topics":[{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."}],"words":[{"text":"Sir,","start":7092.17,"end":7092.45},{"text":"the","start":7093.21,"end":7093.41},{"text":"Kingdom","start":7093.41,"end":7093.85},{"text":"of","start":7093.89,"end":7094.01},{"text":"Morocco","start":7094.01,"end":7094.37},{"text":"remains","start":7094.37,"end":7094.73},{"text":"convinced","start":7094.73,"end":7095.61},{"text":"of","start":7095.65,"end":7095.77},{"text":"the","start":7095.77,"end":7095.89},{"text":"importance","start":7095.89,"end":7096.81},{"text":"of","start":7096.85,"end":7097.05},{"text":"efforts","start":7097.05,"end":7097.69},{"text":"taken","start":7097.69,"end":7098.05},{"text":"at","start":7098.05,"end":7098.13},{"text":"the","start":7098.13,"end":7098.21},{"text":"international","start":7098.21,"end":7098.69},{"text":"level","start":7098.69,"end":7098.89},{"text":"to","start":7098.89,"end":7099.05},{"text":"prevent","start":7099.05,"end":7099.85},{"text":"and","start":7100.25,"end":7100.49},{"text":"punish","start":7100.49,"end":7101.05},{"text":"violations","start":7101.41,"end":7101.97},{"text":"of","start":7101.97,"end":7102.09},{"text":"international","start":7102.09,"end":7103.17},{"text":"law","start":7103.17,"end":7103.25},{"text":"and","start":7103.45,"end":7103.61},{"text":"also","start":7103.61,"end":7103.85},{"text":"serious","start":7103.85,"end":7104.41},{"text":"crimes","start":7104.41,"end":7104.89},{"text":"and","start":7104.89,"end":7105.01},{"text":"to","start":7105.01,"end":7105.09},{"text":"combat","start":7105.09,"end":7105.53},{"text":"impunity","start":7105.53,"end":7106.25},{"text":"in","start":7106.25,"end":7106.41},{"text":"line","start":7106.41,"end":7106.73},{"text":"with","start":7106.97,"end":7107.13},{"text":"the","start":7107.13,"end":7107.21},{"text":"principle","start":7107.21,"end":7107.69},{"text":"of","start":7107.69,"end":7107.77},{"text":"universal","start":7107.77,"end":7108.25},{"text":"jurisdiction.","start":7108.25,"end":7109.21}]},{"text":"Along these lines, our country wants to apply this principle and has done so through the signature and ratification of numerous treaties and also by adapting its legislation to international conventions and treaties, in particular those pertaining to the promotion of international human rights, international law and international humanitarian law.","start":7109.69,"end":7132.77,"topics":[{"key":"cooperation-and-national-capacity","label":"International Cooperation and National Capacity","description":"A recurring topic was the need to strengthen domestic justice systems and expand cooperation through extradition, mutual legal assistance, and judicial coordination. 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It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."}],"words":[{"text":"Furthermore,","start":7201.29,"end":7201.89},{"text":"we","start":7202.25,"end":7202.49},{"text":"have","start":7202.49,"end":7202.65},{"text":"ratified","start":7202.65,"end":7203.21},{"text":"international","start":7203.21,"end":7203.81},{"text":"instruments","start":7203.81,"end":7204.33},{"text":"pertaining","start":7204.33,"end":7204.89},{"text":"to","start":7204.89,"end":7205.01},{"text":"the","start":7205.01,"end":7205.13},{"text":"protection","start":7205.13,"end":7205.69},{"text":"of","start":7205.73,"end":7205.85},{"text":"persons","start":7205.93,"end":7206.81},{"text":"enjoying","start":7207.65,"end":7208.17},{"text":"international","start":7208.17,"end":7208.73},{"text":"protection,","start":7208.73,"end":7209.37},{"text":"the","start":7209.93,"end":7210.13},{"text":"International","start":7210.41,"end":7211.13},{"text":"Convention","start":7211.13,"end":7211.85},{"text":"against","start":7212.01,"end":7212.49},{"text":"Hostage-Taking,","start":7212.49,"end":7213.61},{"text":"the","start":7213.61,"end":7213.81},{"text":"International","start":7213.85,"end":7214.49},{"text":"Convention","start":7214.49,"end":7215.13},{"text":"on","start":7215.13,"end":7215.45},{"text":"the","start":7215.45,"end":7215.57},{"text":"Repression","start":7215.93,"end":7216.41},{"text":"of","start":7216.41,"end":7216.49},{"text":"Nuclear","start":7216.49,"end":7216.93},{"text":"Acts,","start":7216.93,"end":7217.37},{"text":"the","start":7219.05,"end":7219.25},{"text":"Suppression","start":7219.29,"end":7219.93},{"text":"of","start":7219.93,"end":7220.17},{"text":"Explosive","start":7220.17,"end":7220.97},{"text":"Terrorist","start":7220.97,"end":7221.45},{"text":"Attacks,","start":7221.45,"end":7222.17},{"text":"and","start":7222.65,"end":7223.09},{"text":"the","start":7223.13,"end":7223.25},{"text":"Suppression","start":7223.29,"end":7223.85},{"text":"of","start":7223.85,"end":7224.09},{"text":"Terrorist","start":7224.09,"end":7224.57},{"text":"Financing,","start":7224.57,"end":7225.25},{"text":"and","start":7225.25,"end":7225.45},{"text":"other","start":7225.45,"end":7225.93},{"text":"human","start":7226.29,"end":7226.65},{"text":"rights","start":7226.65,"end":7226.97},{"text":"conventions.","start":7226.97,"end":7227.85}]},{"text":"including the Convention against Torture and Other Inhuman or Degrading Treatment, and also the protection of all persons against forced disappearances.","start":7228.49,"end":7238.01,"topics":[{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."}],"words":[{"text":"including","start":7228.49,"end":7229.21},{"text":"the","start":7229.21,"end":7229.41},{"text":"Convention","start":7229.85,"end":7230.49},{"text":"against","start":7230.49,"end":7230.93},{"text":"Torture","start":7230.93,"end":7231.33},{"text":"and","start":7231.33,"end":7231.49},{"text":"Other","start":7231.49,"end":7231.65},{"text":"Inhuman","start":7231.65,"end":7232.09},{"text":"or","start":7232.09,"end":7232.17},{"text":"Degrading","start":7232.17,"end":7232.73},{"text":"Treatment,","start":7232.73,"end":7233.37},{"text":"and","start":7233.69,"end":7234.09},{"text":"also","start":7234.17,"end":7234.73},{"text":"the","start":7235.13,"end":7235.33},{"text":"protection","start":7235.37,"end":7235.81},{"text":"of","start":7235.81,"end":7235.89},{"text":"all","start":7235.89,"end":7236.01},{"text":"persons","start":7236.01,"end":7236.45},{"text":"against","start":7236.45,"end":7236.73},{"text":"forced","start":7236.73,"end":7237.01},{"text":"disappearances.","start":7237.01,"end":7238.01}]},{"text":"Morocco has also striven, and is continuing to strive, to modify its national legislation and bring it in line with international legislation.","start":7238.81,"end":7247.61,"topics":[{"key":"cooperation-and-national-capacity","label":"International Cooperation and National Capacity","description":"A recurring topic was the need to strengthen domestic justice systems and expand cooperation through extradition, mutual legal assistance, and judicial coordination. Delegations argued that stronger national capacity and better interstate cooperation are essential both to combat impunity and to reduce overreliance on universal jurisdiction."}],"words":[{"text":"Morocco","start":7238.81,"end":7239.29},{"text":"has","start":7239.37,"end":7239.61},{"text":"also","start":7239.61,"end":7240.41},{"text":"striven,","start":7240.73,"end":7241.29},{"text":"and","start":7241.29,"end":7241.45},{"text":"is","start":7241.45,"end":7241.61},{"text":"continuing","start":7241.61,"end":7242.09},{"text":"to","start":7242.09,"end":7242.17},{"text":"strive,","start":7242.17,"end":7242.49},{"text":"to","start":7242.57,"end":7242.77},{"text":"modify","start":7242.77,"end":7243.25},{"text":"its","start":7243.25,"end":7243.45},{"text":"national","start":7243.45,"end":7243.97},{"text":"legislation","start":7243.97,"end":7244.49},{"text":"and","start":7244.49,"end":7244.61},{"text":"bring","start":7244.61,"end":7244.81},{"text":"it","start":7244.81,"end":7244.89},{"text":"in","start":7244.89,"end":7245.05},{"text":"line","start":7245.05,"end":7245.33},{"text":"with","start":7245.33,"end":7245.49},{"text":"international","start":7245.77,"end":7246.69},{"text":"legislation.","start":7246.69,"end":7247.61}]},{"text":"in particular that pertaining to human rights and international humanitarian law.","start":7249.29,"end":7253.53,"topics":[{"key":"cooperation-and-national-capacity","label":"International Cooperation and National Capacity","description":"A recurring topic was the need to strengthen domestic justice systems and expand cooperation through extradition, mutual legal assistance, and judicial coordination. Delegations argued that stronger national capacity and better interstate cooperation are essential both to combat impunity and to reduce overreliance on universal jurisdiction."}],"words":[{"text":"in","start":7249.29,"end":7249.45},{"text":"particular","start":7249.45,"end":7250.01},{"text":"that","start":7250.01,"end":7250.25},{"text":"pertaining","start":7250.41,"end":7250.81},{"text":"to","start":7250.81,"end":7250.93},{"text":"human","start":7250.93,"end":7251.37},{"text":"rights","start":7251.37,"end":7251.77},{"text":"and","start":7251.85,"end":7251.97},{"text":"international","start":7251.97,"end":7252.49},{"text":"humanitarian","start":7252.49,"end":7253.21},{"text":"law.","start":7253.21,"end":7253.53}]},{"text":"To this end, the preamble of the Moroccan constitution enshrines Morocco's desire to protect and promote human rights and international humanitarian law, and to contribute to it and to take into consideration their universal character, taking into consideration the primacy of international law whilst respecting the constitution and the laws of Morocco.","start":7253.93,"end":7277.37,"topics":[{"key":"sovereignty-and-immunities","label":"Sovereignty and Immunities","description":"Many statements emphasized that the exercise of universal jurisdiction must respect sovereign equality, non-interference, territorial integrity, and the immunities of state officials under international law. Several delegations warned that ignoring these principles would damage interstate relations and the legitimacy of the legal system."}],"words":[{"text":"To","start":7253.93,"end":7254.05},{"text":"this","start":7254.05,"end":7254.33},{"text":"end,","start":7254.33,"end":7254.73},{"text":"the","start":7254.81,"end":7254.97},{"text":"preamble","start":7254.97,"end":7255.61},{"text":"of","start":7255.61,"end":7255.77},{"text":"the","start":7255.77,"end":7255.85},{"text":"Moroccan","start":7255.85,"end":7256.21},{"text":"constitution","start":7256.21,"end":7256.89},{"text":"enshrines","start":7257.21,"end":7257.93},{"text":"Morocco's","start":7258.17,"end":7258.77},{"text":"desire","start":7258.77,"end":7259.21},{"text":"to","start":7259.21,"end":7259.41},{"text":"protect","start":7259.45,"end":7259.85},{"text":"and","start":7259.85,"end":7259.97},{"text":"promote","start":7259.97,"end":7260.41},{"text":"human","start":7260.41,"end":7260.73},{"text":"rights","start":7260.73,"end":7261.05},{"text":"and","start":7261.05,"end":7261.17},{"text":"international","start":7261.17,"end":7261.69},{"text":"humanitarian","start":7261.69,"end":7262.49},{"text":"law,","start":7262.49,"end":7262.69},{"text":"and","start":7263.05,"end":7263.21},{"text":"to","start":7263.21,"end":7263.37},{"text":"contribute","start":7263.37,"end":7264.09},{"text":"to","start":7264.09,"end":7264.17},{"text":"it","start":7264.17,"end":7264.33},{"text":"and","start":7264.41,"end":7264.65},{"text":"to","start":7264.65,"end":7264.77},{"text":"take","start":7264.81,"end":7265.01},{"text":"into","start":7265.01,"end":7265.17},{"text":"consideration","start":7265.17,"end":7265.85},{"text":"their","start":7265.85,"end":7266.01},{"text":"universal","start":7266.01,"end":7266.57},{"text":"character,","start":7266.57,"end":7267.21},{"text":"taking","start":7269.13,"end":7269.57},{"text":"into","start":7269.57,"end":7269.73},{"text":"consideration","start":7269.73,"end":7270.33},{"text":"the","start":7270.33,"end":7270.41},{"text":"primacy","start":7270.41,"end":7271.13},{"text":"of","start":7271.13,"end":7271.45},{"text":"international","start":7271.45,"end":7272.69},{"text":"law","start":7272.69,"end":7272.77},{"text":"whilst","start":7273.05,"end":7273.45},{"text":"respecting","start":7273.45,"end":7274.01},{"text":"the","start":7274.01,"end":7274.13},{"text":"constitution","start":7274.17,"end":7274.97},{"text":"and","start":7274.97,"end":7275.29},{"text":"the","start":7275.37,"end":7275.53},{"text":"laws","start":7276.01,"end":7276.49},{"text":"of","start":7276.49,"end":7276.81},{"text":"Morocco.","start":7276.81,"end":7277.37}]},{"text":"As part of these efforts to combat terrorism and to consolidate the fight against impunity, since 2015 Morocco has enshrined universal jurisdiction against terrorism.","start":7278.61,"end":7294.21,"topics":[{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":7278.61,"end":7278.69},{"text":"part","start":7278.69,"end":7279.13},{"text":"of","start":7279.13,"end":7279.25},{"text":"these","start":7279.25,"end":7279.49},{"text":"efforts","start":7279.57,"end":7279.97},{"text":"to","start":7280.01,"end":7280.09},{"text":"combat","start":7280.09,"end":7280.65},{"text":"terrorism","start":7280.65,"end":7281.41},{"text":"and","start":7281.97,"end":7282.17},{"text":"to","start":7282.17,"end":7282.53},{"text":"consolidate","start":7282.53,"end":7283.17},{"text":"the","start":7283.17,"end":7283.29},{"text":"fight","start":7283.29,"end":7283.65},{"text":"against","start":7283.65,"end":7284.21},{"text":"impunity,","start":7284.21,"end":7285.25},{"text":"since","start":7285.65,"end":7286.85},{"text":"2015","start":7287.25,"end":7288.93},{"text":"Morocco","start":7288.93,"end":7289.49},{"text":"has","start":7289.49,"end":7289.81},{"text":"enshrined","start":7289.81,"end":7290.45},{"text":"universal","start":7290.45,"end":7290.93},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":7290.93,"end":7291.65},{"text":"against","start":7291.65,"end":7292.13},{"text":"terrorism.","start":7293.49,"end":7294.21}]},{"text":"Any Moroccan or foreigner who has carried out a terrorist attack who is seeking to harm Morocco through terrorist attacks can be prosecuted, the Moroccan legislature can also prosecute genocide and crimes against humanity because we have our criminal code brought in line with the Rome Statute here.","start":7295.25,"end":7318.17,"topics":[{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."},{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"Any","start":7295.25,"end":7295.65},{"text":"Moroccan","start":7295.73,"end":7296.45},{"text":"or","start":7296.45,"end":7296.93},{"text":"foreigner","start":7296.93,"end":7297.73},{"text":"who","start":7297.73,"end":7297.85},{"text":"has","start":7297.85,"end":7297.97},{"text":"carried","start":7297.97,"end":7298.53},{"text":"out","start":7298.53,"end":7298.89},{"text":"a","start":7298.89,"end":7298.93},{"text":"terrorist","start":7299.09,"end":7299.81},{"text":"attack","start":7299.89,"end":7300.61},{"text":"who","start":7301.89,"end":7302.29},{"text":"is","start":7302.29,"end":7302.41},{"text":"seeking","start":7302.41,"end":7302.81},{"text":"to","start":7302.81,"end":7303.13},{"text":"harm","start":7303.21,"end":7303.53},{"text":"Morocco","start":7303.61,"end":7304.01},{"text":"through","start":7304.01,"end":7304.25},{"text":"terrorist","start":7304.25,"end":7304.81},{"text":"attacks","start":7305.13,"end":7305.61},{"text":"can","start":7305.61,"end":7305.93},{"text":"be","start":7305.93,"end":7306.33},{"text":"prosecuted,","start":7306.33,"end":7307.21},{"text":"the","start":7307.21,"end":7307.33},{"text":"Moroccan","start":7307.85,"end":7308.49},{"text":"legislature","start":7308.57,"end":7309.21},{"text":"can","start":7309.45,"end":7309.69},{"text":"also","start":7309.69,"end":7310.41},{"text":"prosecute","start":7310.73,"end":7311.45},{"text":"genocide","start":7311.45,"end":7312.33},{"text":"and","start":7312.33,"end":7312.57},{"text":"crimes","start":7312.57,"end":7312.93},{"text":"against","start":7312.93,"end":7313.29},{"text":"humanity","start":7313.29,"end":7313.93},{"text":"because","start":7313.93,"end":7314.25},{"text":"we","start":7314.25,"end":7314.41},{"text":"have","start":7314.41,"end":7314.65},{"text":"our","start":7314.65,"end":7314.73},{"text":"criminal","start":7314.73,"end":7315.21},{"text":"code","start":7315.45,"end":7315.85},{"text":"brought","start":7315.85,"end":7316.25},{"text":"in","start":7316.25,"end":7316.41},{"text":"line","start":7316.41,"end":7316.65},{"text":"with","start":7316.65,"end":7316.77},{"text":"the","start":7316.77,"end":7316.89},{"text":"Rome","start":7316.89,"end":7317.13},{"text":"Statute","start":7317.13,"end":7317.85},{"text":"here.","start":7317.85,"end":7318.17}]},{"text":"We need to underscore that the application of the principle of universal jurisdiction in Morocco is in respect of its bilateral agreements as well, as published in the official publication.","start":7318.65,"end":7331.53,"topics":[{"key":"distinction-from-other-bases","label":"Distinction From Other Jurisdictional Bases","description":"Several speakers insisted that universal jurisdiction must be clearly distinguished from treaty-based obligations to extradite or prosecute, other forms of extraterritorial jurisdiction, and the jurisdiction of international criminal tribunals. They argued that conflating these concepts creates legal confusion and distorts state practice."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":7318.65,"end":7318.81},{"text":"need","start":7318.81,"end":7319.01},{"text":"to","start":7319.05,"end":7319.13},{"text":"underscore","start":7319.13,"end":7319.61},{"text":"that","start":7319.61,"end":7319.73},{"text":"the","start":7319.73,"end":7319.81},{"text":"application","start":7319.81,"end":7320.45},{"text":"of","start":7320.45,"end":7320.53},{"text":"the","start":7320.53,"end":7320.61},{"text":"principle","start":7320.61,"end":7321.13},{"text":"of","start":7321.13,"end":7321.21},{"text":"universal","start":7321.21,"end":7321.77},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":7321.77,"end":7322.37},{"text":"in","start":7322.37,"end":7322.49},{"text":"Morocco","start":7322.49,"end":7322.97},{"text":"is","start":7323.45,"end":7323.77},{"text":"in","start":7324.01,"end":7324.25},{"text":"respect","start":7324.25,"end":7324.81},{"text":"of","start":7324.81,"end":7325.13},{"text":"its","start":7325.13,"end":7325.45},{"text":"bilateral","start":7325.45,"end":7326.49},{"text":"agreements","start":7328.09,"end":7328.77},{"text":"as","start":7328.77,"end":7328.89},{"text":"well,","start":7328.89,"end":7329.29},{"text":"as","start":7329.61,"end":7329.85},{"text":"published","start":7329.85,"end":7330.25},{"text":"in","start":7330.25,"end":7330.33},{"text":"the","start":7330.33,"end":7330.45},{"text":"official","start":7330.45,"end":7330.81},{"text":"publication.","start":7330.81,"end":7331.53}]},{"text":"We are currently redrafting our criminal code, which is to include the crime of genocide, war crimes and crimes against humanity.","start":7332.01,"end":7344.33,"topics":[{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":7332.01,"end":7332.57},{"text":"are","start":7332.65,"end":7332.93},{"text":"currently","start":7332.93,"end":7333.49},{"text":"redrafting","start":7333.49,"end":7334.09},{"text":"our","start":7334.09,"end":7334.29},{"text":"criminal","start":7334.29,"end":7334.81},{"text":"code,","start":7334.81,"end":7335.37},{"text":"which","start":7335.73,"end":7336.17},{"text":"is","start":7336.17,"end":7336.49},{"text":"to","start":7336.49,"end":7337.13},{"text":"include","start":7338.01,"end":7338.85},{"text":"the","start":7339.37,"end":7339.49},{"text":"crime","start":7339.93,"end":7340.25},{"text":"of","start":7340.25,"end":7340.33},{"text":"genocide,","start":7340.33,"end":7341.05},{"text":"war","start":7341.37,"end":7341.69},{"text":"crimes","start":7341.69,"end":7342.33},{"text":"and","start":7342.57,"end":7342.97},{"text":"crimes","start":7342.97,"end":7343.25},{"text":"against","start":7343.25,"end":7343.53},{"text":"humanity.","start":7343.53,"end":7344.33}]},{"text":"In conclusion, the Kingdom of Morocco has repeatedly reaffirmed the exceptional nature of universal jurisdiction and its fundamental aim to combat impunity.","start":7345.09,"end":7355.29,"topics":[{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":7345.09,"end":7345.21},{"text":"conclusion,","start":7345.21,"end":7346.17},{"text":"the","start":7346.17,"end":7346.37},{"text":"Kingdom","start":7346.37,"end":7346.81},{"text":"of","start":7346.85,"end":7347.05},{"text":"Morocco","start":7347.05,"end":7347.77},{"text":"has","start":7347.93,"end":7348.25},{"text":"repeatedly","start":7348.25,"end":7348.89},{"text":"reaffirmed","start":7348.89,"end":7349.49},{"text":"the","start":7349.49,"end":7349.57},{"text":"exceptional","start":7349.57,"end":7350.21},{"text":"nature","start":7350.21,"end":7350.53},{"text":"of","start":7350.53,"end":7350.65},{"text":"universal","start":7350.65,"end":7351.21},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":7351.21,"end":7351.93},{"text":"and","start":7352.17,"end":7352.37},{"text":"its","start":7352.37,"end":7352.57},{"text":"fundamental","start":7352.57,"end":7353.29},{"text":"aim","start":7353.29,"end":7353.69},{"text":"to","start":7353.93,"end":7354.09},{"text":"combat","start":7354.09,"end":7354.49},{"text":"impunity.","start":7354.49,"end":7355.29}]},{"text":"It has called for in-depth reflection within the Sixth Committee to better define the modalities and rules of this principle in order to ensure the sovereignty of states and the immunity of their state officials.","start":7355.85,"end":7368.65,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."},{"key":"sovereignty-and-immunities","label":"Sovereignty and Immunities","description":"Many statements emphasized that the exercise of universal jurisdiction must respect sovereign equality, non-interference, territorial integrity, and the immunities of state officials under international law. Several delegations warned that ignoring these principles would damage interstate relations and the legitimacy of the legal 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you very much indeed.","start":7368.65,"end":7369.49,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":7368.65,"end":7368.81},{"text":"you","start":7368.81,"end":7368.89},{"text":"very","start":7368.89,"end":7369.05},{"text":"much","start":7369.05,"end":7369.17},{"text":"indeed.","start":7369.17,"end":7369.49}]},{"text":"Thank you.","start":7373.05,"end":7373.45,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":7373.05,"end":7373.25},{"text":"you.","start":7373.25,"end":7373.45}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"MAR","affiliation_full":"Morocco","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":55,"start":7374.21,"pageUrl":"/en/ga/c6/80/23?t=7375","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I am now turning to the representative of Pakistan.","start":7374.21,"end":7377.33,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":7374.21,"end":7374.33},{"text":"am","start":7374.33,"end":7374.45},{"text":"now","start":7374.45,"end":7374.69},{"text":"turning","start":7374.69,"end":7375.17},{"text":"to","start":7375.17,"end":7375.33},{"text":"the","start":7375.33,"end":7375.41},{"text":"representative","start":7375.41,"end":7376.29},{"text":"of","start":7376.29,"end":7376.53},{"text":"Pakistan.","start":7376.53,"end":7377.33}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"6th Committee","affiliation_full":"6th Committee","group":null,"function":"Vice-Chair"}},{"statement_number":56,"start":7384.48,"pageUrl":"/en/ga/c6/80/23?t=7385","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Chair.","start":7384.48,"end":7385.16,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":7384.48,"end":7384.72},{"text":"you,","start":7384.72,"end":7384.8},{"text":"Chair.","start":7384.8,"end":7385.16}]},{"text":"My delegation aligns itself with the statement delivered by the distinguished representative of Iran on behalf of the 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his detailed report containing detailed comments by Member States on this agenda item.","start":7392.92,"end":7399.08,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":7392.92,"end":7393.08},{"text":"thank","start":7393.08,"end":7393.32},{"text":"the","start":7393.32,"end":7393.4},{"text":"Secretary-General","start":7393.4,"end":7394.04},{"text":"for","start":7394.04,"end":7394.2},{"text":"his","start":7394.2,"end":7394.32},{"text":"detailed","start":7394.32,"end":7394.92},{"text":"report","start":7394.92,"end":7395.28},{"text":"containing","start":7395.28,"end":7395.72},{"text":"detailed","start":7395.72,"end":7396.04},{"text":"comments","start":7396.04,"end":7396.6},{"text":"by","start":7396.92,"end":7397.08},{"text":"Member","start":7397.08,"end":7397.4},{"text":"States","start":7397.4,"end":7397.84},{"text":"on","start":7397.84,"end":7397.96},{"text":"this","start":7397.96,"end":7398.32},{"text":"agenda","start":7398.32,"end":7398.64},{"text":"item.","start":7398.64,"end":7399.08}]},{"text":"The principle of universal jurisdiction is based on the recognition that certain crimes are of such exceptional gravity that they shake the conscience of all of humanity.","start":7399.88,"end":7408.39,"topics":[{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":7399.88,"end":7400.04},{"text":"principle","start":7400.04,"end":7400.52},{"text":"of","start":7400.52,"end":7400.6},{"text":"universal","start":7400.6,"end":7401},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":7401.04,"end":7401.64},{"text":"is","start":7401.64,"end":7401.72},{"text":"based","start":7401.72,"end":7402.08},{"text":"on","start":7402.08,"end":7402.16},{"text":"the","start":7402.16,"end":7402.24},{"text":"recognition","start":7402.24,"end":7402.92},{"text":"that","start":7403.4,"end":7403.6},{"text":"certain","start":7403.6,"end":7403.88},{"text":"crimes","start":7403.88,"end":7404.2},{"text":"are","start":7404.2,"end":7404.32},{"text":"of","start":7404.32,"end":7404.44},{"text":"such","start":7404.44,"end":7404.64},{"text":"exceptional","start":7404.64,"end":7405.04},{"text":"gravity","start":7405.07,"end":7405.75},{"text":"that","start":7406.15,"end":7406.35},{"text":"they","start":7406.35,"end":7406.43},{"text":"shake","start":7406.43,"end":7406.63},{"text":"the","start":7406.63,"end":7406.79},{"text":"conscience","start":7406.79,"end":7407.31},{"text":"of","start":7407.31,"end":7407.43},{"text":"all","start":7407.43,"end":7407.63},{"text":"of","start":7407.63,"end":7407.71},{"text":"humanity.","start":7407.71,"end":7408.39}]},{"text":"My delegation follows the discussion on this matter with great interest and supports its continuation in the Sixth Committee, including under the Working Group, as well as stated in General Assembly resolution 79/127.","start":7409.03,"end":7420.95,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"My","start":7409.03,"end":7409.19},{"text":"delegation","start":7409.19,"end":7409.67},{"text":"follows","start":7409.67,"end":7410.03},{"text":"the","start":7410.03,"end":7410.11},{"text":"discussion","start":7410.11,"end":7410.63},{"text":"on","start":7410.63,"end":7410.71},{"text":"this","start":7410.71,"end":7410.87},{"text":"matter","start":7410.87,"end":7411.15},{"text":"with","start":7411.15,"end":7411.31},{"text":"great","start":7411.31,"end":7411.51},{"text":"interest","start":7411.51,"end":7412.15},{"text":"and","start":7412.55,"end":7412.75},{"text":"supports","start":7412.75,"end":7413.19},{"text":"its","start":7413.19,"end":7413.35},{"text":"continuation","start":7413.35,"end":7414.15},{"text":"in","start":7414.51,"end":7414.59},{"text":"the","start":7414.59,"end":7414.71},{"text":"Sixth","start":7414.71,"end":7414.99},{"text":"Committee,","start":7414.99,"end":7415.35},{"text":"including","start":7415.35,"end":7415.79},{"text":"under","start":7415.79,"end":7416.03},{"text":"the","start":7416.03,"end":7416.15},{"text":"Working","start":7416.15,"end":7416.39},{"text":"Group,","start":7416.39,"end":7416.63},{"text":"as","start":7417.11,"end":7417.35},{"text":"well","start":7417.35,"end":7417.47},{"text":"as","start":7417.47,"end":7417.55},{"text":"stated","start":7417.55,"end":7417.91},{"text":"in","start":7417.91,"end":7418.07},{"text":"General","start":7418.07,"end":7418.35},{"text":"Assembly","start":7418.35,"end":7418.71},{"text":"resolution","start":7418.71,"end":7419.23},{"text":"79/127.","start":7419.23,"end":7420.95}]},{"text":"We are fully cognizant of the pressing need to eliminate immunity for such heinous crimes.","start":7422.55,"end":7426.63,"topics":[{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":7422.55,"end":7422.71},{"text":"are","start":7422.71,"end":7422.79},{"text":"fully","start":7422.79,"end":7423.03},{"text":"cognizant","start":7423.03,"end":7423.55},{"text":"of","start":7423.55,"end":7423.67},{"text":"the","start":7423.67,"end":7423.75},{"text":"pressing","start":7423.75,"end":7424.11},{"text":"need","start":7424.11,"end":7424.27},{"text":"to","start":7424.27,"end":7424.43},{"text":"eliminate","start":7424.43,"end":7424.83},{"text":"immunity","start":7424.83,"end":7425.35},{"text":"for","start":7425.35,"end":7425.51},{"text":"such","start":7425.51,"end":7425.67},{"text":"heinous","start":7425.67,"end":7426.03},{"text":"crimes.","start":7426.03,"end":7426.63}]},{"text":"This is more important now as we are witness to a shocking rise of such crimes in different parts of the world.","start":7426.95,"end":7432.39,"topics":[{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":7426.95,"end":7427.19},{"text":"is","start":7427.19,"end":7427.27},{"text":"more","start":7427.27,"end":7427.47},{"text":"important","start":7427.47,"end":7427.95},{"text":"now","start":7427.95,"end":7428.23},{"text":"as","start":7428.63,"end":7428.87},{"text":"we","start":7428.87,"end":7428.99},{"text":"are","start":7428.99,"end":7429.11},{"text":"witness","start":7429.11,"end":7429.43},{"text":"to","start":7429.43,"end":7429.63},{"text":"a","start":7429.63,"end":7429.67},{"text":"shocking","start":7429.67,"end":7430.07},{"text":"rise","start":7430.07,"end":7430.31},{"text":"of","start":7430.31,"end":7430.39},{"text":"such","start":7430.39,"end":7430.59},{"text":"crimes","start":7430.59,"end":7430.99},{"text":"in","start":7430.99,"end":7431.11},{"text":"different","start":7431.11,"end":7431.51},{"text":"parts","start":7431.51,"end":7431.79},{"text":"of","start":7431.79,"end":7431.87},{"text":"the","start":7431.87,"end":7431.99},{"text":"world.","start":7431.99,"end":7432.39}]},{"text":"While the imperative underlying the principle of universal jurisdiction is to uphold the ideals of accountability and justice by bringing to account perpetrators of egregious crimes, fundamental divergences in its nature, scope and application has continued to impede our efforts to evolve a common understanding on the issue.","start":7433.19,"end":7451.79,"topics":[{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."},{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"While","start":7433.19,"end":7433.43},{"text":"the","start":7433.43,"end":7433.51},{"text":"imperative","start":7433.51,"end":7434.03},{"text":"underlying","start":7434.03,"end":7434.47},{"text":"the","start":7434.47,"end":7434.59},{"text":"principle","start":7434.59,"end":7435.03},{"text":"of","start":7435.03,"end":7435.11},{"text":"universal","start":7435.11,"end":7435.55},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":7435.55,"end":7436.35},{"text":"is","start":7436.83,"end":7436.99},{"text":"to","start":7436.99,"end":7437.15},{"text":"uphold","start":7437.19,"end":7437.59},{"text":"the","start":7437.59,"end":7437.67},{"text":"ideals","start":7437.67,"end":7438.15},{"text":"of","start":7438.15,"end":7438.27},{"text":"accountability","start":7438.27,"end":7438.95},{"text":"and","start":7438.95,"end":7439.15},{"text":"justice","start":7439.15,"end":7439.71},{"text":"by","start":7440.11,"end":7440.31},{"text":"bringing","start":7440.31,"end":7440.71},{"text":"to","start":7440.71,"end":7440.87},{"text":"account","start":7440.87,"end":7441.15},{"text":"perpetrators","start":7441.15,"end":7441.87},{"text":"of","start":7441.87,"end":7442.03},{"text":"egregious","start":7442.03,"end":7442.47},{"text":"crimes,","start":7442.47,"end":7442.99},{"text":"fundamental","start":7443.55,"end":7444.07},{"text":"divergences","start":7444.07,"end":7444.83},{"text":"in","start":7444.83,"end":7444.99},{"text":"its","start":7444.99,"end":7445.15},{"text":"nature,","start":7445.15,"end":7445.63},{"text":"scope","start":7445.95,"end":7446.43},{"text":"and","start":7446.43,"end":7446.63},{"text":"application","start":7446.63,"end":7447.15},{"text":"has","start":7447.15,"end":7447.39},{"text":"continued","start":7447.39,"end":7447.83},{"text":"to","start":7447.83,"end":7447.99},{"text":"impede","start":7447.99,"end":7448.39},{"text":"our","start":7448.39,"end":7448.47},{"text":"efforts","start":7448.47,"end":7448.99},{"text":"to","start":7449.39,"end":7449.47},{"text":"evolve","start":7449.47,"end":7449.79},{"text":"a","start":7449.79,"end":7449.87},{"text":"common","start":7449.87,"end":7450.15},{"text":"understanding","start":7450.15,"end":7450.83},{"text":"on","start":7451.19,"end":7451.31},{"text":"the","start":7451.31,"end":7451.39},{"text":"issue.","start":7451.39,"end":7451.79}]},{"text":"Indeed, the selective use and manipulation of this principle do not serve the principles of justice, but on the contrary, affect the credibility of international law and fight against impunity.","start":7452.39,"end":7463.35,"topics":[{"key":"politicization-and-selective-use","label":"Politicization and Selective Use","description":"A widely shared concern was that universal jurisdiction can be abused for political, discriminatory, or selective purposes. Delegations warned against using domestic courts to target foreign officials or advance geopolitical agendas under the banner of justice."},{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."}],"words":[{"text":"Indeed,","start":7452.39,"end":7452.87},{"text":"the","start":7453.19,"end":7453.31},{"text":"selective","start":7453.31,"end":7453.75},{"text":"use","start":7453.75,"end":7454.03},{"text":"and","start":7454.07,"end":7454.23},{"text":"manipulation","start":7454.23,"end":7454.79},{"text":"of","start":7454.79,"end":7454.87},{"text":"this","start":7454.87,"end":7455.03},{"text":"principle","start":7455.03,"end":7455.43},{"text":"do","start":7455.43,"end":7455.59},{"text":"not","start":7455.59,"end":7455.83},{"text":"serve","start":7455.83,"end":7456.23},{"text":"the","start":7456.47,"end":7456.63},{"text":"principles","start":7456.63,"end":7457.07},{"text":"of","start":7457.07,"end":7457.15},{"text":"justice,","start":7457.15,"end":7457.83},{"text":"but","start":7457.91,"end":7458.03},{"text":"on","start":7458.03,"end":7458.11},{"text":"the","start":7458.11,"end":7458.23},{"text":"contrary,","start":7458.23,"end":7458.79},{"text":"affect","start":7459.11,"end":7459.55},{"text":"the","start":7459.55,"end":7459.63},{"text":"credibility","start":7459.63,"end":7460.19},{"text":"of","start":7460.19,"end":7460.27},{"text":"international","start":7460.27,"end":7461.03},{"text":"law","start":7461.03,"end":7461.11},{"text":"and","start":7461.43,"end":7461.67},{"text":"fight","start":7461.67,"end":7461.99},{"text":"against","start":7461.99,"end":7462.39},{"text":"impunity.","start":7462.39,"end":7463.35}]},{"text":"To this end, my delegation's views on this issue continue to be guided by the following considerations.","start":7464.15,"end":7469.43,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"To","start":7464.15,"end":7464.27},{"text":"this","start":7464.27,"end":7464.47},{"text":"end,","start":7464.47,"end":7464.79},{"text":"my","start":7465.19,"end":7465.35},{"text":"delegation's","start":7465.35,"end":7465.95},{"text":"views","start":7465.95,"end":7466.23},{"text":"on","start":7466.23,"end":7466.31},{"text":"this","start":7466.31,"end":7466.47},{"text":"issue","start":7466.47,"end":7466.79},{"text":"continue","start":7466.79,"end":7467.19},{"text":"to","start":7467.19,"end":7467.27},{"text":"be","start":7467.27,"end":7467.35},{"text":"guided","start":7467.35,"end":7467.71},{"text":"by","start":7467.71,"end":7467.91},{"text":"the","start":7467.91,"end":7468.07},{"text":"following","start":7468.07,"end":7468.43},{"text":"considerations.","start":7468.43,"end":7469.43}]},{"text":"First, the principle of universal jurisdiction is not a primary form of jurisdiction, but should be invoked only in exceptional circumstances.","start":7469.91,"end":7477.91,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiarity-and-last-resort","label":"Subsidiarity and Last Resort","description":"Numerous speakers argued that universal jurisdiction should be secondary to territorial, nationality-based, or other closer jurisdictional links. In this view, it should be used only when the state with primary jurisdiction is unwilling or unable genuinely to investigate and prosecute."}],"words":[{"text":"First,","start":7469.91,"end":7470.47},{"text":"the","start":7470.91,"end":7471.03},{"text":"principle","start":7471.03,"end":7471.43},{"text":"of","start":7471.43,"end":7471.51},{"text":"universal","start":7471.51,"end":7471.95},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":7471.99,"end":7472.51},{"text":"is","start":7472.51,"end":7472.63},{"text":"not","start":7472.63,"end":7472.87},{"text":"a","start":7472.87,"end":7472.91},{"text":"primary","start":7472.91,"end":7473.27},{"text":"form","start":7473.27,"end":7473.47},{"text":"of","start":7473.47,"end":7473.55},{"text":"jurisdiction,","start":7473.55,"end":7474.23},{"text":"but","start":7474.63,"end":7474.75},{"text":"should","start":7474.75,"end":7474.95},{"text":"be","start":7474.95,"end":7475.11},{"text":"invoked","start":7475.11,"end":7475.59},{"text":"only","start":7475.59,"end":7476.07},{"text":"in","start":7476.39,"end":7476.51},{"text":"exceptional","start":7476.51,"end":7477.03},{"text":"circumstances.","start":7477.03,"end":7477.91}]},{"text":"It serves as a supplement to territorial and national jurisdictions, not a replacement.","start":7478.43,"end":7482.99,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiarity-and-last-resort","label":"Subsidiarity and Last Resort","description":"Numerous speakers argued that universal jurisdiction should be secondary to territorial, nationality-based, or other closer jurisdictional links. In this view, it should be used only when the state with primary jurisdiction is unwilling or unable genuinely to investigate and prosecute."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":7478.43,"end":7478.55},{"text":"serves","start":7478.55,"end":7478.87},{"text":"as","start":7478.87,"end":7478.95},{"text":"a","start":7478.95,"end":7478.99},{"text":"supplement","start":7478.99,"end":7479.55},{"text":"to","start":7479.55,"end":7479.63},{"text":"territorial","start":7479.63,"end":7480.27},{"text":"and","start":7480.27,"end":7480.47},{"text":"national","start":7480.47,"end":7480.87},{"text":"jurisdictions,","start":7480.87,"end":7481.63},{"text":"not","start":7481.87,"end":7482.15},{"text":"a","start":7482.15,"end":7482.19},{"text":"replacement.","start":7482.19,"end":7482.99}]},{"text":"Emphasis must be placed on domestic legal remedies as a first line of response, ensuring that a state where the alleged crime occurred has precedence in prosecution.","start":7483.47,"end":7493.23,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiarity-and-last-resort","label":"Subsidiarity and Last Resort","description":"Numerous speakers argued that universal jurisdiction should be secondary to territorial, nationality-based, or other closer jurisdictional links. In this view, it should be used only when the state with primary jurisdiction is unwilling or unable genuinely to investigate and prosecute."}],"words":[{"text":"Emphasis","start":7483.47,"end":7484.03},{"text":"must","start":7484.03,"end":7484.23},{"text":"be","start":7484.23,"end":7484.35},{"text":"placed","start":7484.35,"end":7484.71},{"text":"on","start":7484.71,"end":7484.83},{"text":"domestic","start":7484.83,"end":7485.27},{"text":"legal","start":7485.27,"end":7485.55},{"text":"remedies","start":7485.55,"end":7486.03},{"text":"as","start":7486.43,"end":7486.63},{"text":"a","start":7486.63,"end":7486.67},{"text":"first","start":7486.67,"end":7487.03},{"text":"line","start":7487.03,"end":7487.19},{"text":"of","start":7487.19,"end":7487.31},{"text":"response,","start":7487.31,"end":7487.95},{"text":"ensuring","start":7488.19,"end":7488.83},{"text":"that","start":7489.07,"end":7489.19},{"text":"a","start":7489.19,"end":7489.23},{"text":"state","start":7489.23,"end":7489.63},{"text":"where","start":7489.63,"end":7489.79},{"text":"the","start":7489.79,"end":7489.91},{"text":"alleged","start":7489.91,"end":7490.27},{"text":"crime","start":7490.31,"end":7490.67},{"text":"occurred","start":7490.67,"end":7491.11},{"text":"has","start":7491.47,"end":7491.71},{"text":"precedence","start":7491.71,"end":7492.27},{"text":"in","start":7492.27,"end":7492.43},{"text":"prosecution.","start":7492.43,"end":7493.23}]},{"text":"This is because the territorial state is most directly affected, can collect evidence more effectively, and allows victims to easily participate in the trial.","start":7493.95,"end":7502.35,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiarity-and-last-resort","label":"Subsidiarity and Last Resort","description":"Numerous speakers argued that universal jurisdiction should be secondary to territorial, nationality-based, or other closer jurisdictional links. In this view, it should be used only when the state with primary jurisdiction is unwilling or unable genuinely to investigate and prosecute."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":7493.95,"end":7494.07},{"text":"is","start":7494.07,"end":7494.19},{"text":"because","start":7494.39,"end":7494.71},{"text":"the","start":7494.71,"end":7494.83},{"text":"territorial","start":7494.83,"end":7495.31},{"text":"state","start":7495.31,"end":7495.63},{"text":"is","start":7495.63,"end":7495.79},{"text":"most","start":7495.79,"end":7496.11},{"text":"directly","start":7496.11,"end":7496.51},{"text":"affected,","start":7496.51,"end":7496.99},{"text":"can","start":7497.47,"end":7497.71},{"text":"collect","start":7497.71,"end":7498.03},{"text":"evidence","start":7498.03,"end":7498.43},{"text":"more","start":7498.43,"end":7498.63},{"text":"effectively,","start":7498.63,"end":7499.39},{"text":"and","start":7499.63,"end":7499.87},{"text":"allows","start":7499.87,"end":7500.23},{"text":"victims","start":7500.23,"end":7500.59},{"text":"to","start":7500.59,"end":7500.75},{"text":"easily","start":7500.75,"end":7501.07},{"text":"participate","start":7501.07,"end":7501.71},{"text":"in","start":7501.71,"end":7501.79},{"text":"the","start":7501.79,"end":7501.87},{"text":"trial.","start":7501.87,"end":7502.35}]},{"text":"Other states should only pursue prosecution if the territorial state is unwilling or unable to do so, aligning with the internationally recognized principle of complementarity.","start":7502.95,"end":7512.47,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiarity-and-last-resort","label":"Subsidiarity and Last Resort","description":"Numerous speakers argued that universal jurisdiction should be secondary to territorial, nationality-based, or other closer jurisdictional links. In this view, it should be used only when the state with primary jurisdiction is unwilling or unable genuinely to investigate and prosecute."}],"words":[{"text":"Other","start":7502.95,"end":7503.19},{"text":"states","start":7503.19,"end":7503.55},{"text":"should","start":7503.55,"end":7503.75},{"text":"only","start":7503.75,"end":7503.99},{"text":"pursue","start":7503.99,"end":7504.31},{"text":"prosecution","start":7504.31,"end":7504.95},{"text":"if","start":7504.95,"end":7505.11},{"text":"the","start":7505.11,"end":7505.23},{"text":"territorial","start":7505.23,"end":7505.83},{"text":"state","start":7505.83,"end":7506.11},{"text":"is","start":7506.11,"end":7506.31},{"text":"unwilling","start":7506.31,"end":7506.87},{"text":"or","start":7507.27,"end":7507.47},{"text":"unable","start":7507.67,"end":7507.99},{"text":"to","start":7507.99,"end":7508.11},{"text":"do","start":7508.11,"end":7508.31},{"text":"so,","start":7508.31,"end":7508.63},{"text":"aligning","start":7509.03,"end":7509.39},{"text":"with","start":7509.39,"end":7509.51},{"text":"the","start":7509.51,"end":7509.59},{"text":"internationally","start":7509.59,"end":7510.15},{"text":"recognized","start":7510.15,"end":7510.55},{"text":"principle","start":7510.55,"end":7511.11},{"text":"of","start":7511.43,"end":7511.59},{"text":"complementarity.","start":7511.59,"end":7512.47}]},{"text":"Second, the principle of universal jurisdiction should not be applied in respect of grave atrocity crimes such as war crimes, crimes against humanity, and genocide, which affect the international community as a whole.","start":7513.51,"end":7525.35,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiarity-and-last-resort","label":"Subsidiarity and Last Resort","description":"Numerous speakers argued that universal jurisdiction should be secondary to territorial, nationality-based, or other closer jurisdictional links. 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It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."}],"words":[{"text":"Second,","start":7513.51,"end":7514.15},{"text":"the","start":7514.55,"end":7514.67},{"text":"principle","start":7514.67,"end":7515.11},{"text":"of","start":7515.11,"end":7515.19},{"text":"universal","start":7515.19,"end":7515.63},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":7515.63,"end":7516.15},{"text":"should","start":7516.15,"end":7516.27},{"text":"not","start":7516.27,"end":7516.47},{"text":"be","start":7516.47,"end":7516.63},{"text":"applied","start":7516.63,"end":7516.95},{"text":"in","start":7516.95,"end":7517.11},{"text":"respect","start":7517.11,"end":7517.59},{"text":"of","start":7517.59,"end":7517.75},{"text":"grave","start":7517.75,"end":7518.15},{"text":"atrocity","start":7518.15,"end":7518.63},{"text":"crimes","start":7518.63,"end":7519.11},{"text":"such","start":7519.43,"end":7519.63},{"text":"as","start":7519.63,"end":7519.83},{"text":"war","start":7519.83,"end":7520.07},{"text":"crimes,","start":7520.07,"end":7520.63},{"text":"crimes","start":7520.91,"end":7521.19},{"text":"against","start":7521.19,"end":7521.51},{"text":"humanity,","start":7521.51,"end":7521.95},{"text":"and","start":7521.95,"end":7522.11},{"text":"genocide,","start":7522.11,"end":7522.63},{"text":"which","start":7522.63,"end":7522.87},{"text":"affect","start":7522.87,"end":7523.15},{"text":"the","start":7523.15,"end":7523.23},{"text":"international","start":7523.23,"end":7523.71},{"text":"community","start":7523.71,"end":7524.31},{"text":"as","start":7524.55,"end":7524.83},{"text":"a","start":7524.83,"end":7524.87},{"text":"whole.","start":7524.87,"end":7525.35}]},{"text":"and which the international community has generally agreed are crimes for which the application of the principle of universal jurisdiction would be most appropriate.","start":7525.79,"end":7533.47,"topics":[{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."}],"words":[{"text":"and","start":7525.79,"end":7526.03},{"text":"which","start":7526.03,"end":7526.19},{"text":"the","start":7526.19,"end":7526.27},{"text":"international","start":7526.27,"end":7526.75},{"text":"community","start":7526.75,"end":7527.15},{"text":"has","start":7527.15,"end":7527.31},{"text":"generally","start":7527.31,"end":7527.71},{"text":"agreed","start":7527.71,"end":7528.27},{"text":"are","start":7528.51,"end":7528.75},{"text":"crimes","start":7528.75,"end":7529.11},{"text":"for","start":7529.11,"end":7529.23},{"text":"which","start":7529.23,"end":7529.47},{"text":"the","start":7529.47,"end":7529.59},{"text":"application","start":7529.59,"end":7530.19},{"text":"of","start":7530.19,"end":7530.27},{"text":"the","start":7530.27,"end":7530.39},{"text":"principle","start":7530.39,"end":7530.87},{"text":"of","start":7530.87,"end":7530.95},{"text":"universal","start":7530.95,"end":7531.39},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":7531.39,"end":7531.95},{"text":"would","start":7531.95,"end":7532.19},{"text":"be","start":7532.43,"end":7532.59},{"text":"most","start":7532.59,"end":7532.87},{"text":"appropriate.","start":7532.87,"end":7533.47}]},{"text":"Against this backdrop, calls for accountability would invariably smack of double standards and selectivity, especially when egregious crimes are being committed in full view of the international community.","start":7534.35,"end":7545.39,"topics":[{"key":"politicization-and-selective-use","label":"Politicization and Selective Use","description":"A widely shared concern was that universal jurisdiction can be abused for political, discriminatory, or selective purposes. Delegations warned against using domestic courts to target foreign officials or advance geopolitical agendas under the banner of justice."}],"words":[{"text":"Against","start":7534.35,"end":7534.71},{"text":"this","start":7534.71,"end":7534.83},{"text":"backdrop,","start":7534.83,"end":7535.31},{"text":"calls","start":7535.79,"end":7536.07},{"text":"for","start":7536.07,"end":7536.19},{"text":"accountability","start":7536.19,"end":7536.91},{"text":"would","start":7536.91,"end":7537.15},{"text":"invariably","start":7537.15,"end":7537.71},{"text":"smack","start":7537.71,"end":7538.11},{"text":"of","start":7538.11,"end":7538.19},{"text":"double","start":7538.19,"end":7538.43},{"text":"standards","start":7538.43,"end":7539.07},{"text":"and","start":7539.39,"end":7539.63},{"text":"selectivity,","start":7539.63,"end":7540.35},{"text":"especially","start":7540.67,"end":7541.39},{"text":"when","start":7541.63,"end":7541.83},{"text":"egregious","start":7541.83,"end":7542.27},{"text":"crimes","start":7542.27,"end":7542.67},{"text":"are","start":7542.67,"end":7542.75},{"text":"being","start":7542.75,"end":7542.95},{"text":"committed","start":7542.95,"end":7543.39},{"text":"in","start":7543.39,"end":7543.55},{"text":"full","start":7543.55,"end":7543.79},{"text":"view","start":7543.79,"end":7544.03},{"text":"of","start":7544.03,"end":7544.15},{"text":"the","start":7544.15,"end":7544.23},{"text":"international","start":7544.23,"end":7544.79},{"text":"community.","start":7544.79,"end":7545.39}]},{"text":"What therefore is needed is not a dereliction from our collective responsibility prevent these grave crimes but to apply moral and legal standards consistently and without discrimination.","start":7545.83,"end":7556.39,"topics":[{"key":"politicization-and-selective-use","label":"Politicization and Selective Use","description":"A widely shared concern was that universal jurisdiction can be abused for political, discriminatory, or selective purposes. Delegations warned against using domestic courts to target foreign officials or advance geopolitical agendas under the banner of justice."}],"words":[{"text":"What","start":7545.83,"end":7546.07},{"text":"therefore","start":7546.07,"end":7546.43},{"text":"is","start":7546.43,"end":7546.59},{"text":"needed","start":7546.59,"end":7546.91},{"text":"is","start":7546.91,"end":7547.11},{"text":"not","start":7547.11,"end":7547.27},{"text":"a","start":7547.27,"end":7547.31},{"text":"dereliction","start":7547.31,"end":7547.91},{"text":"from","start":7547.91,"end":7548.11},{"text":"our","start":7548.15,"end":7548.27},{"text":"collective","start":7548.27,"end":7548.63},{"text":"responsibility","start":7548.63,"end":7549.47},{"text":"prevent","start":7549.91,"end":7550.19},{"text":"these","start":7550.19,"end":7550.35},{"text":"grave","start":7550.35,"end":7550.67},{"text":"crimes","start":7550.67,"end":7551.19},{"text":"but","start":7551.51,"end":7551.71},{"text":"to","start":7551.71,"end":7551.79},{"text":"apply","start":7551.79,"end":7552.15},{"text":"moral","start":7552.15,"end":7552.63},{"text":"and","start":7552.79,"end":7553.07},{"text":"legal","start":7553.07,"end":7553.35},{"text":"standards","start":7553.35,"end":7553.91},{"text":"consistently","start":7553.91,"end":7554.79},{"text":"and","start":7554.95,"end":7555.19},{"text":"without","start":7555.19,"end":7555.47},{"text":"discrimination.","start":7555.47,"end":7556.39}]},{"text":"Third, obligations to extradite or prosecute individuals under treaty agreements should not be misconstrued as or used to imply treaty-based universal jurisdiction.","start":7557.03,"end":7567.19,"topics":[{"key":"distinction-from-other-bases","label":"Distinction From Other Jurisdictional Bases","description":"Several speakers insisted that universal jurisdiction must be clearly distinguished from treaty-based obligations to extradite or prosecute, other forms of extraterritorial jurisdiction, and the jurisdiction of international criminal tribunals. They argued that conflating these concepts creates legal confusion and distorts state practice."}],"words":[{"text":"Third,","start":7557.03,"end":7557.35},{"text":"obligations","start":7557.75,"end":7558.39},{"text":"to","start":7558.39,"end":7558.47},{"text":"extradite","start":7558.47,"end":7558.95},{"text":"or","start":7558.95,"end":7559.11},{"text":"prosecute","start":7559.11,"end":7559.67},{"text":"individuals","start":7559.67,"end":7560.31},{"text":"under","start":7560.63,"end":7560.87},{"text":"treaty","start":7560.87,"end":7561.19},{"text":"agreements","start":7561.19,"end":7561.63},{"text":"should","start":7561.63,"end":7561.79},{"text":"not","start":7561.79,"end":7561.99},{"text":"be","start":7561.99,"end":7562.07},{"text":"misconstrued","start":7562.07,"end":7562.95},{"text":"as","start":7563.27,"end":7563.75},{"text":"or","start":7564.07,"end":7564.23},{"text":"used","start":7564.23,"end":7564.51},{"text":"to","start":7564.51,"end":7564.59},{"text":"imply","start":7564.59,"end":7565.11},{"text":"treaty-based","start":7565.39,"end":7565.99},{"text":"universal","start":7565.99,"end":7566.47},{"text":"jurisdiction.","start":7566.47,"end":7567.19}]},{"text":"These are conceptually and legally separate from universal jurisdiction.","start":7567.51,"end":7570.95,"topics":[{"key":"distinction-from-other-bases","label":"Distinction From Other Jurisdictional Bases","description":"Several speakers insisted that universal jurisdiction must be clearly distinguished from treaty-based obligations to extradite or prosecute, other forms of extraterritorial jurisdiction, and the jurisdiction of international criminal tribunals. They argued that conflating these concepts creates legal confusion and distorts state practice."}],"words":[{"text":"These","start":7567.51,"end":7567.75},{"text":"are","start":7567.75,"end":7567.83},{"text":"conceptually","start":7567.83,"end":7568.55},{"text":"and","start":7568.55,"end":7568.75},{"text":"legally","start":7568.75,"end":7569.11},{"text":"separate","start":7569.11,"end":7569.59},{"text":"from","start":7569.59,"end":7569.79},{"text":"universal","start":7569.79,"end":7570.27},{"text":"jurisdiction.","start":7570.27,"end":7570.95}]},{"text":"A thorough analysis of state practice and opinio juris is necessary to determine the existence of a customary rule of universal jurisdiction over a Fourth, universal jurisdiction should unquestionably be invoked especially in instances where crimes are committed in territories subjected to foreign occupation.","start":7571.43,"end":7590.55,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."},{"key":"subsidiarity-and-last-resort","label":"Subsidiarity and Last Resort","description":"Numerous speakers argued that universal jurisdiction should be secondary to territorial, nationality-based, or other closer jurisdictional links. 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Several delegations warned that ignoring these principles would damage interstate relations and the legitimacy of the legal system."}],"words":[{"text":"Fifth,","start":7617.87,"end":7618.19},{"text":"the","start":7618.67,"end":7618.79},{"text":"exercise","start":7618.79,"end":7619.27},{"text":"of","start":7619.31,"end":7619.39},{"text":"universal","start":7619.39,"end":7619.83},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":7619.83,"end":7620.39},{"text":"cannot","start":7620.39,"end":7620.75},{"text":"occur","start":7620.83,"end":7621.07},{"text":"in","start":7621.07,"end":7621.31},{"text":"isolation","start":7621.31,"end":7621.87},{"text":"from","start":7621.87,"end":7622.27},{"text":"or","start":7622.59,"end":7622.75},{"text":"at","start":7622.75,"end":7622.91},{"text":"the","start":7622.91,"end":7623.03},{"text":"expense","start":7623.03,"end":7623.55},{"text":"of","start":7623.55,"end":7623.79},{"text":"other","start":7623.79,"end":7624.03},{"text":"pertinent","start":7624.03,"end":7624.47},{"text":"principles","start":7624.47,"end":7624.95},{"text":"of","start":7624.95,"end":7625.07},{"text":"international","start":7625.07,"end":7625.83},{"text":"law.","start":7625.83,"end":7625.91}]},{"text":"These include the principle of state sovereignty, which must always be respected and upheld.","start":7626.11,"end":7630.75,"topics":[{"key":"sovereignty-and-immunities","label":"Sovereignty and Immunities","description":"Many statements emphasized that the exercise of universal jurisdiction must respect sovereign equality, non-interference, territorial integrity, and the immunities of state officials under international law. Several delegations warned that ignoring these principles would damage interstate relations and the legitimacy of the legal system."}],"words":[{"text":"These","start":7626.11,"end":7626.35},{"text":"include","start":7626.35,"end":7626.71},{"text":"the","start":7626.71,"end":7626.79},{"text":"principle","start":7626.79,"end":7627.19},{"text":"of","start":7627.19,"end":7627.27},{"text":"state","start":7627.27,"end":7627.51},{"text":"sovereignty,","start":7627.51,"end":7628.19},{"text":"which","start":7628.55,"end":7628.71},{"text":"must","start":7628.75,"end":7628.99},{"text":"always","start":7628.99,"end":7629.31},{"text":"be","start":7629.31,"end":7629.39},{"text":"respected","start":7629.39,"end":7630.03},{"text":"and","start":7630.03,"end":7630.35},{"text":"upheld.","start":7630.35,"end":7630.75}]},{"text":"Chair, in conclusion, the principle of universal jurisdiction should not be viewed as a license to infringe upon state sovereignty.","start":7631.31,"end":7637.71,"topics":[{"key":"sovereignty-and-immunities","label":"Sovereignty and Immunities","description":"Many statements emphasized that the exercise of universal jurisdiction must respect sovereign equality, non-interference, territorial integrity, and the immunities of state officials under international law. Several delegations warned that ignoring these principles would damage interstate relations and the legitimacy of the legal system."}],"words":[{"text":"Chair,","start":7631.31,"end":7631.63},{"text":"in","start":7631.95,"end":7632.11},{"text":"conclusion,","start":7632.11,"end":7632.63},{"text":"the","start":7632.63,"end":7632.71},{"text":"principle","start":7632.71,"end":7633.11},{"text":"of","start":7633.11,"end":7633.19},{"text":"universal","start":7633.19,"end":7633.59},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":7633.59,"end":7634.11},{"text":"should","start":7634.11,"end":7634.31},{"text":"not","start":7634.31,"end":7634.51},{"text":"be","start":7634.51,"end":7634.59},{"text":"viewed","start":7634.59,"end":7634.99},{"text":"as","start":7635.23,"end":7635.43},{"text":"a","start":7635.43,"end":7635.47},{"text":"license","start":7635.47,"end":7635.95},{"text":"to","start":7635.95,"end":7636.07},{"text":"infringe","start":7636.07,"end":7636.47},{"text":"upon","start":7636.47,"end":7636.75},{"text":"state","start":7636.75,"end":7637.03},{"text":"sovereignty.","start":7637.03,"end":7637.71}]},{"text":"Rather, it is a call for the cessation of impunity, serving as a mechanism to ensure that jurisdictional loopholes are not it as a means to evade justice.","start":7637.95,"end":7646.75,"topics":[{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."}],"words":[{"text":"Rather,","start":7637.95,"end":7638.43},{"text":"it","start":7638.59,"end":7638.75},{"text":"is","start":7638.75,"end":7638.83},{"text":"a","start":7638.83,"end":7638.91},{"text":"call","start":7638.91,"end":7639.19},{"text":"for","start":7639.19,"end":7639.31},{"text":"the","start":7639.31,"end":7639.39},{"text":"cessation","start":7639.39,"end":7639.87},{"text":"of","start":7639.87,"end":7639.95},{"text":"impunity,","start":7639.95,"end":7640.67},{"text":"serving","start":7640.83,"end":7641.31},{"text":"as","start":7641.31,"end":7641.47},{"text":"a","start":7641.47,"end":7641.55},{"text":"mechanism","start":7641.55,"end":7642.11},{"text":"to","start":7642.11,"end":7642.23},{"text":"ensure","start":7642.23,"end":7642.75},{"text":"that","start":7643.07,"end":7643.23},{"text":"jurisdictional","start":7643.23,"end":7643.91},{"text":"loopholes","start":7643.91,"end":7644.35},{"text":"are","start":7644.35,"end":7644.43},{"text":"not","start":7644.43,"end":7644.87},{"text":"it","start":7644.99,"end":7645.27},{"text":"as","start":7645.27,"end":7645.39},{"text":"a","start":7645.39,"end":7645.47},{"text":"means","start":7645.47,"end":7645.75},{"text":"to","start":7645.75,"end":7645.87},{"text":"evade","start":7645.87,"end":7646.23},{"text":"justice.","start":7646.23,"end":7646.75}]},{"text":"However, the application of this principle should always be in full compliance with the principles of international law and UN Charter.","start":7646.99,"end":7654.11,"topics":[{"key":"sovereignty-and-immunities","label":"Sovereignty and Immunities","description":"Many statements emphasized that the exercise of universal jurisdiction must respect sovereign equality, non-interference, territorial integrity, and the immunities of state officials under international law. 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It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."},{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":7671.07,"end":7671.11},{"text":"scope","start":7671.11,"end":7671.39},{"text":"and","start":7671.39,"end":7671.51},{"text":"application","start":7671.51,"end":7672.03},{"text":"of","start":7672.03,"end":7672.11},{"text":"the","start":7672.11,"end":7672.23},{"text":"principle","start":7672.23,"end":7672.71},{"text":"of","start":7672.71,"end":7672.79},{"text":"universal","start":7672.79,"end":7673.59},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":7673.75,"end":7674.71},{"text":"is","start":7674.71,"end":7675.27},{"text":"particularly","start":7675.35,"end":7676.15},{"text":"relevant","start":7676.15,"end":7676.79},{"text":"since","start":7677.19,"end":7677.67},{"text":"it","start":7677.75,"end":7677.99},{"text":"seeks","start":7677.99,"end":7678.31},{"text":"to","start":7678.31,"end":7678.55},{"text":"prevent","start":7678.55,"end":7679.19},{"text":"impunity","start":7679.19,"end":7680.31},{"text":"for","start":7680.31,"end":7680.87},{"text":"the","start":7680.87,"end":7681.03},{"text":"perpetrators","start":7681.03,"end":7681.99},{"text":"of","start":7681.99,"end":7682.31},{"text":"serious","start":7682.31,"end":7682.87},{"text":"crimes","start":7682.87,"end":7683.43},{"text":"affecting","start":7683.75,"end":7684.47},{"text":"the","start":7684.47,"end":7684.67},{"text":"international","start":7684.67,"end":7685.19},{"text":"community","start":7685.19,"end":7685.71},{"text":"as","start":7685.71,"end":7685.83},{"text":"a","start":7685.83,"end":7685.91},{"text":"whole.","start":7685.91,"end":7686.31}]},{"text":"Much of the development of international criminal law has focused on this essential goal.","start":7687.19,"end":7692.87,"topics":[{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. 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They argued that conflating these concepts creates legal confusion and distorts state practice."}],"words":[{"text":"Hence","start":7701.91,"end":7702.39},{"text":"why","start":7702.39,"end":7702.59},{"text":"this","start":7702.59,"end":7702.79},{"text":"principle","start":7702.79,"end":7703.51},{"text":"is","start":7703.51,"end":7703.83},{"text":"fully","start":7703.83,"end":7704.55},{"text":"consistent","start":7704.55,"end":7705.43},{"text":"with","start":7705.43,"end":7705.75},{"text":"such","start":7705.75,"end":7706.11},{"text":"developments.","start":7706.11,"end":7707.11}]},{"text":"At the same time, it represents a sphere in which further progress is yet needed, making use of the opportunity to further refine it.","start":7707.51,"end":7717.75,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. 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Frequently mentioned safeguards included the presence of the accused in the forum state, due process guarantees, prior consultation with concerned states, high-level prosecutorial review, and protection against duplicative proceedings."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":7717.83,"end":7718.07},{"text":"isn't","start":7718.07,"end":7719.03},{"text":"a","start":7719.51,"end":7719.55},{"text":"disproportionate","start":7719.55,"end":7720.63},{"text":"or","start":7720.71,"end":7720.95},{"text":"arbitrary","start":7720.95,"end":7721.83},{"text":"jurisdiction.","start":7721.83,"end":7723.03}]},{"text":"Rather, its exercise should be framed within clear regulated legal parameters to avoid it becoming an instrument with adverse or inconvenient effects for international relations.","start":7723.51,"end":7735.11,"topics":[{"key":"procedural-safeguards","label":"Procedural Safeguards","description":"Many delegations called for procedural limits to ensure fair and disciplined use of universal jurisdiction. 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In this view, it should be used only when the state with primary jurisdiction is unwilling or unable genuinely to investigate and prosecute."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":7757.35,"end":7757.59},{"text":"these","start":7757.59,"end":7757.83},{"text":"cases,","start":7757.83,"end":7758.63},{"text":"other","start":7758.63,"end":7758.79},{"text":"other","start":7760.07,"end":7760.27},{"text":"states","start":7760.27,"end":7760.87},{"text":"can","start":7761.27,"end":7761.67},{"text":"exercise","start":7761.67,"end":7762.23},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":7762.23,"end":7763.03},{"text":"on","start":7763.03,"end":7763.19},{"text":"the","start":7763.19,"end":7763.35},{"text":"principle","start":7763.35,"end":7764.15},{"text":"of","start":7764.15,"end":7764.39},{"text":"universal","start":7764.39,"end":7765.11},{"text":"jurisdiction,","start":7765.11,"end":7765.91},{"text":"understood","start":7766.27,"end":7766.95},{"text":"as","start":7767.03,"end":7767.43},{"text":"subsidiary","start":7767.75,"end":7768.87},{"text":"or","start":7768.87,"end":7769.39},{"text":"last","start":7769.43,"end":7769.87},{"text":"resort","start":7769.87,"end":7770.31},{"text":"jurisdiction.","start":7770.31,"end":7771.19}]},{"text":"It's used as a last resort includes the preferential jurisdiction of other states that are different to that in which the crime was committed, which could exercise jurisdiction on the basis of connecting factors such as the nationality of the victim or the alleged perpetrator.","start":7771.99,"end":7789.59,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiarity-and-last-resort","label":"Subsidiarity and Last Resort","description":"Numerous speakers argued that universal jurisdiction should be secondary to territorial, nationality-based, or other closer jurisdictional links. In this view, it should be used only when the state with primary jurisdiction is unwilling or unable genuinely to investigate and prosecute."}],"words":[{"text":"It's","start":7771.99,"end":7772.31},{"text":"used","start":7772.31,"end":7772.79},{"text":"as","start":7772.79,"end":7773.11},{"text":"a","start":7773.35,"end":7773.43},{"text":"last","start":7773.43,"end":7773.67},{"text":"resort","start":7773.67,"end":7774.31},{"text":"includes","start":7774.31,"end":7775.27},{"text":"the","start":7775.99,"end":7776.11},{"text":"preferential","start":7776.31,"end":7777.27},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":7777.27,"end":7778.15},{"text":"of","start":7778.15,"end":7778.31},{"text":"other","start":7778.31,"end":7778.63},{"text":"states","start":7778.63,"end":7779.19},{"text":"that","start":7779.19,"end":7779.35},{"text":"are","start":7779.35,"end":7779.43},{"text":"different","start":7779.43,"end":7780.03},{"text":"to","start":7780.03,"end":7780.15},{"text":"that","start":7780.15,"end":7780.39},{"text":"in","start":7780.39,"end":7780.47},{"text":"which","start":7780.47,"end":7780.71},{"text":"the","start":7780.71,"end":7780.79},{"text":"crime","start":7780.79,"end":7781.15},{"text":"was","start":7781.15,"end":7781.27},{"text":"committed,","start":7781.27,"end":7781.91},{"text":"which","start":7782.23,"end":7782.55},{"text":"could","start":7782.55,"end":7782.87},{"text":"exercise","start":7782.87,"end":7783.51},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":7783.51,"end":7784.19},{"text":"on","start":7784.19,"end":7784.31},{"text":"the","start":7784.31,"end":7784.39},{"text":"basis","start":7784.39,"end":7784.87},{"text":"of","start":7784.87,"end":7784.95},{"text":"connecting","start":7784.95,"end":7785.59},{"text":"factors","start":7785.59,"end":7786.23},{"text":"such","start":7786.23,"end":7786.59},{"text":"as","start":7786.59,"end":7786.71},{"text":"the","start":7786.71,"end":7786.79},{"text":"nationality","start":7786.79,"end":7787.35},{"text":"of","start":7787.35,"end":7787.43},{"text":"the","start":7787.43,"end":7787.51},{"text":"victim","start":7787.51,"end":7788.07},{"text":"or","start":7788.07,"end":7788.23},{"text":"the","start":7788.23,"end":7788.35},{"text":"alleged","start":7788.35,"end":7788.63},{"text":"perpetrator.","start":7788.71,"end":7789.59}]},{"text":"Therefore, we do not think it appropriate to consider that States that exercise universal jurisdiction should only take into account the conduct of the territorial State.","start":7790.31,"end":7800.63,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiarity-and-last-resort","label":"Subsidiarity and Last Resort","description":"Numerous speakers argued that universal jurisdiction should be secondary to territorial, nationality-based, or other closer jurisdictional links. 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It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."},{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"Chair,","start":7801.19,"end":7801.43},{"text":"in","start":7801.59,"end":7801.79},{"text":"order","start":7801.79,"end":7801.99},{"text":"to","start":7801.99,"end":7802.15},{"text":"prevent","start":7802.15,"end":7802.67},{"text":"impunity","start":7802.67,"end":7803.67},{"text":"that","start":7804.63,"end":7804.95},{"text":"such","start":7804.95,"end":7805.19},{"text":"a","start":7805.19,"end":7805.23},{"text":"situation","start":7805.23,"end":7805.83},{"text":"might","start":7805.83,"end":7806.07},{"text":"generate,","start":7806.07,"end":7806.71},{"text":"it","start":7807.03,"end":7807.19},{"text":"must","start":7807.19,"end":7807.39},{"text":"be","start":7807.39,"end":7807.51},{"text":"possible","start":7807.51,"end":7808.07},{"text":"for","start":7808.07,"end":7808.39},{"text":"other","start":7808.39,"end":7808.63},{"text":"States,","start":7808.63,"end":7809.19},{"text":"even","start":7809.27,"end":7809.91},{"text":"those","start":7809.91,"end":7810.39},{"text":"without","start":7810.39,"end":7810.99},{"text":"a","start":7810.99,"end":7811.03},{"text":"direct","start":7811.03,"end":7811.67},{"text":"relationship","start":7811.67,"end":7812.95},{"text":"to","start":7812.95,"end":7813.19},{"text":"the","start":7813.19,"end":7813.31},{"text":"crime,","start":7813.31,"end":7813.91},{"text":"to","start":7814.47,"end":7814.63},{"text":"be","start":7814.63,"end":7814.87},{"text":"able","start":7814.87,"end":7815.27},{"text":"to","start":7815.27,"end":7815.59},{"text":"exercise","start":7815.75,"end":7816.55},{"text":"universal","start":7816.63,"end":7817.59},{"text":"territorial","start":7817.59,"end":7818.39},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":7818.55,"end":7819.59},{"text":"extraterritorial","start":7820.15,"end":7820.87},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":7820.87,"end":7821.67},{"text":"given","start":7821.99,"end":7822.31},{"text":"the","start":7822.31,"end":7822.47},{"text":"gravity","start":7822.47,"end":7822.99},{"text":"of","start":7822.99,"end":7823.07},{"text":"the","start":7823.07,"end":7823.15},{"text":"crimes","start":7823.15,"end":7823.55},{"text":"involved.","start":7823.55,"end":7824.15}]},{"text":"Ultimately, it is about preventing spaces for impunity where the perpetrators of clearly determined serious crimes can evade the scope of justice.","start":7824.31,"end":7834.79,"topics":[{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."}],"words":[{"text":"Ultimately,","start":7824.31,"end":7825.19},{"text":"it","start":7825.19,"end":7825.35},{"text":"is","start":7825.35,"end":7825.51},{"text":"about","start":7825.51,"end":7825.91},{"text":"preventing","start":7825.91,"end":7826.55},{"text":"spaces","start":7826.55,"end":7827.11},{"text":"for","start":7827.11,"end":7827.27},{"text":"impunity","start":7827.27,"end":7828.23},{"text":"where","start":7828.59,"end":7829.15},{"text":"the","start":7829.19,"end":7829.31},{"text":"perpetrators","start":7829.31,"end":7830.15},{"text":"of","start":7830.15,"end":7830.31},{"text":"clearly","start":7830.31,"end":7830.83},{"text":"determined","start":7830.83,"end":7831.47},{"text":"serious","start":7831.47,"end":7831.99},{"text":"crimes","start":7831.99,"end":7832.55},{"text":"can","start":7832.87,"end":7833.19},{"text":"evade","start":7833.19,"end":7833.59},{"text":"the","start":7833.59,"end":7833.67},{"text":"scope","start":7833.67,"end":7834.07},{"text":"of","start":7834.07,"end":7834.15},{"text":"justice.","start":7834.15,"end":7834.79}]},{"text":"Hence, it should not be required to demonstrate a connecting factor, rather solely the nature of the crime.","start":7837.43,"end":7845.27,"topics":[{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."},{"key":"subsidiarity-and-last-resort","label":"Subsidiarity and Last Resort","description":"Numerous speakers argued that universal jurisdiction should be secondary to territorial, nationality-based, or other closer jurisdictional links. In this view, it should be used only when the state with primary jurisdiction is unwilling or unable genuinely to investigate and prosecute."}],"words":[{"text":"Hence,","start":7837.43,"end":7837.91},{"text":"it","start":7837.99,"end":7838.15},{"text":"should","start":7838.15,"end":7838.55},{"text":"not","start":7838.63,"end":7839.03},{"text":"be","start":7839.03,"end":7839.19},{"text":"required","start":7839.19,"end":7839.79},{"text":"to","start":7839.79,"end":7839.87},{"text":"demonstrate","start":7839.87,"end":7840.71},{"text":"a","start":7841.35,"end":7841.39},{"text":"connecting","start":7841.39,"end":7842.07},{"text":"factor,","start":7842.07,"end":7842.63},{"text":"rather","start":7842.95,"end":7843.51},{"text":"solely","start":7843.51,"end":7843.99},{"text":"the","start":7843.99,"end":7844.11},{"text":"nature","start":7844.11,"end":7844.47},{"text":"of","start":7844.47,"end":7844.55},{"text":"the","start":7844.55,"end":7844.67},{"text":"crime.","start":7844.67,"end":7845.27}]},{"text":"with that end states should criminalize in their domestic legal orders these serious crimes and assert corresponding jurisdiction.","start":7846.11,"end":7854.95,"topics":[{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."},{"key":"cooperation-and-national-capacity","label":"International Cooperation and National Capacity","description":"A recurring topic was the need to strengthen domestic justice systems and expand cooperation through extradition, mutual legal assistance, and judicial coordination. Delegations argued that stronger national capacity and better interstate cooperation are essential both to combat impunity and to reduce overreliance on universal jurisdiction."}],"words":[{"text":"with","start":7846.11,"end":7846.19},{"text":"that","start":7846.19,"end":7846.39},{"text":"end","start":7846.39,"end":7846.71},{"text":"states","start":7846.71,"end":7847.27},{"text":"should","start":7847.27,"end":7847.83},{"text":"criminalize","start":7847.91,"end":7848.95},{"text":"in","start":7848.95,"end":7849.19},{"text":"their","start":7849.19,"end":7849.35},{"text":"domestic","start":7849.35,"end":7849.99},{"text":"legal","start":7849.99,"end":7850.47},{"text":"orders","start":7850.47,"end":7851.03},{"text":"these","start":7851.03,"end":7851.27},{"text":"serious","start":7851.27,"end":7851.75},{"text":"crimes","start":7851.75,"end":7852.39},{"text":"and","start":7852.47,"end":7852.71},{"text":"assert","start":7852.71,"end":7853.35},{"text":"corresponding","start":7853.35,"end":7854.07},{"text":"jurisdiction.","start":7854.07,"end":7854.95}]},{"text":"On crimes subject to universal jurisdiction it is essential for there to be clear criminalization and definition of such crimes preferably through international treaties.","start":7856.63,"end":7873.51,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"On","start":7856.63,"end":7856.95},{"text":"crimes","start":7856.95,"end":7857.51},{"text":"subject","start":7857.51,"end":7858.15},{"text":"to","start":7858.15,"end":7858.23},{"text":"universal","start":7858.23,"end":7858.79},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":7858.79,"end":7859.75},{"text":"it","start":7860.87,"end":7861.19},{"text":"is","start":7861.19,"end":7861.31},{"text":"essential","start":7861.31,"end":7861.91},{"text":"for","start":7861.91,"end":7862.07},{"text":"there","start":7862.07,"end":7862.39},{"text":"to","start":7862.39,"end":7862.79},{"text":"be","start":7862.87,"end":7863.51},{"text":"clear","start":7864.47,"end":7865.11},{"text":"criminalization","start":7865.91,"end":7867.03},{"text":"and","start":7867.03,"end":7867.47},{"text":"definition","start":7867.47,"end":7868.15},{"text":"of","start":7868.15,"end":7868.31},{"text":"such","start":7868.31,"end":7868.55},{"text":"crimes","start":7868.55,"end":7869.19},{"text":"preferably","start":7871.35,"end":7872.07},{"text":"through","start":7872.07,"end":7872.23},{"text":"international","start":7872.23,"end":7872.79},{"text":"treaties.","start":7872.79,"end":7873.51}]},{"text":"It is not acceptable for each state to unilaterally decide the crimes where it may exercise universal jurisdiction.","start":7874.19,"end":7884.07,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":7874.19,"end":7874.31},{"text":"is","start":7874.31,"end":7874.55},{"text":"not","start":7875.55,"end":7875.67},{"text":"acceptable","start":7875.67,"end":7876.39},{"text":"for","start":7876.39,"end":7876.79},{"text":"each","start":7876.95,"end":7877.27},{"text":"state","start":7877.27,"end":7877.71},{"text":"to","start":7877.71,"end":7877.79},{"text":"unilaterally","start":7877.79,"end":7878.67},{"text":"decide","start":7878.67,"end":7879.35},{"text":"the","start":7879.35,"end":7879.51},{"text":"crimes","start":7879.51,"end":7880.23},{"text":"where","start":7880.95,"end":7881.31},{"text":"it","start":7881.35,"end":7881.59},{"text":"may","start":7881.59,"end":7882.15},{"text":"exercise","start":7882.15,"end":7882.79},{"text":"universal","start":7882.79,"end":7883.27},{"text":"jurisdiction.","start":7883.27,"end":7884.07}]},{"text":"In this context, the Rome Statute and other relevant instruments represent valuable reference material.","start":7884.39,"end":7892.23,"topics":[{"key":"distinction-from-other-bases","label":"Distinction From Other Jurisdictional Bases","description":"Several speakers insisted that universal jurisdiction must be clearly distinguished from treaty-based obligations to extradite or prosecute, other forms of extraterritorial jurisdiction, and the jurisdiction of international criminal tribunals. They argued that conflating these concepts creates legal confusion and distorts state practice."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":7884.39,"end":7884.55},{"text":"this","start":7884.55,"end":7884.71},{"text":"context,","start":7884.71,"end":7885.35},{"text":"the","start":7885.35,"end":7885.55},{"text":"Rome","start":7885.59,"end":7885.83},{"text":"Statute","start":7885.83,"end":7886.55},{"text":"and","start":7886.55,"end":7886.83},{"text":"other","start":7886.83,"end":7886.99},{"text":"relevant","start":7886.99,"end":7887.59},{"text":"instruments","start":7887.99,"end":7889.19},{"text":"represent","start":7889.51,"end":7890.07},{"text":"valuable","start":7890.07,"end":7890.79},{"text":"reference","start":7891.19,"end":7891.59},{"text":"material.","start":7891.59,"end":7892.23}]},{"text":"Consequently, when the territorial state or another state with extraterritorial jurisdiction effectively exercises its jurisdiction, the exercise of universal jurisdiction should be prohibited given its subsidiary nature.","start":7892.71,"end":7906.27,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiarity-and-last-resort","label":"Subsidiarity and Last Resort","description":"Numerous speakers argued that universal jurisdiction should be secondary to territorial, nationality-based, or other closer jurisdictional links. In this view, it should be used only when the state with primary jurisdiction is unwilling or unable genuinely to investigate and prosecute."}],"words":[{"text":"Consequently,","start":7892.71,"end":7893.47},{"text":"when","start":7893.63,"end":7893.95},{"text":"the","start":7893.95,"end":7894.15},{"text":"territorial","start":7894.15,"end":7894.99},{"text":"state","start":7894.99,"end":7895.55},{"text":"or","start":7895.63,"end":7896.11},{"text":"another","start":7896.11,"end":7896.51},{"text":"state","start":7896.51,"end":7896.99},{"text":"with","start":7896.99,"end":7897.15},{"text":"extraterritorial","start":7897.15,"end":7898.19},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":7898.19,"end":7898.99},{"text":"effectively","start":7899.31,"end":7899.95},{"text":"exercises","start":7899.95,"end":7900.67},{"text":"its","start":7900.67,"end":7900.91},{"text":"jurisdiction,","start":7900.91,"end":7901.63},{"text":"the","start":7901.63,"end":7901.75},{"text":"exercise","start":7901.75,"end":7902.35},{"text":"of","start":7902.35,"end":7902.43},{"text":"universal","start":7902.43,"end":7902.91},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":7902.91,"end":7903.63},{"text":"should","start":7903.63,"end":7903.79},{"text":"be","start":7903.79,"end":7903.95},{"text":"prohibited","start":7903.95,"end":7904.67},{"text":"given","start":7904.67,"end":7904.99},{"text":"its","start":7904.99,"end":7905.19},{"text":"subsidiary","start":7905.19,"end":7905.79},{"text":"nature.","start":7905.79,"end":7906.27}]},{"text":"Turning to the principle of complementarity enshrined in the Rome Statute, it's worth noting that universal jurisdiction must be understood as an exercise of national jurisdiction that prevails in line with that principle over the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court.","start":7907.47,"end":7926.75,"topics":[{"key":"distinction-from-other-bases","label":"Distinction From Other Jurisdictional Bases","description":"Several speakers insisted that universal jurisdiction must be clearly distinguished from treaty-based obligations to extradite or prosecute, other forms of extraterritorial jurisdiction, and the jurisdiction of international criminal tribunals. They argued that conflating these concepts creates legal confusion and distorts state practice."}],"words":[{"text":"Turning","start":7907.47,"end":7907.87},{"text":"to","start":7907.87,"end":7908.03},{"text":"the","start":7908.03,"end":7908.11},{"text":"principle","start":7908.11,"end":7908.63},{"text":"of","start":7908.63,"end":7908.75},{"text":"complementarity","start":7908.75,"end":7909.95},{"text":"enshrined","start":7909.95,"end":7910.63},{"text":"in","start":7910.63,"end":7910.71},{"text":"the","start":7910.71,"end":7910.83},{"text":"Rome","start":7910.83,"end":7911.07},{"text":"Statute,","start":7911.07,"end":7911.79},{"text":"it's","start":7912.03,"end":7912.27},{"text":"worth","start":7912.27,"end":7912.59},{"text":"noting","start":7912.59,"end":7913.23},{"text":"that","start":7913.23,"end":7913.39},{"text":"universal","start":7913.39,"end":7914.11},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":7914.11,"end":7914.99},{"text":"must","start":7915.39,"end":7915.75},{"text":"be","start":7915.75,"end":7915.95},{"text":"understood","start":7915.95,"end":7916.67},{"text":"as","start":7916.67,"end":7916.91},{"text":"an","start":7916.91,"end":7916.99},{"text":"exercise","start":7916.99,"end":7917.67},{"text":"of","start":7917.67,"end":7917.75},{"text":"national","start":7917.75,"end":7918.27},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":7918.27,"end":7919.23},{"text":"that","start":7919.63,"end":7919.95},{"text":"prevails","start":7919.95,"end":7920.91},{"text":"in","start":7922.39,"end":7922.51},{"text":"line","start":7922.51,"end":7922.75},{"text":"with","start":7922.75,"end":7922.87},{"text":"that","start":7922.87,"end":7923.03},{"text":"principle","start":7923.03,"end":7923.71},{"text":"over","start":7923.71,"end":7924.19},{"text":"the","start":7924.19,"end":7924.35},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":7924.35,"end":7925.15},{"text":"of","start":7925.23,"end":7925.31},{"text":"the","start":7925.31,"end":7925.43},{"text":"International","start":7925.43,"end":7925.99},{"text":"Criminal","start":7925.99,"end":7926.31},{"text":"Court.","start":7926.31,"end":7926.75}]},{"text":"Furthermore, the presence of the alleged perpetrator on the territory of the state exercising universal jurisdiction is an essential condition.","start":7927.95,"end":7938.03,"topics":[{"key":"procedural-safeguards","label":"Procedural Safeguards","description":"Many delegations called for procedural limits to ensure fair and disciplined use of universal jurisdiction. Frequently mentioned safeguards included the presence of the accused in the forum state, due process guarantees, prior consultation with concerned states, high-level prosecutorial review, and protection against duplicative proceedings."}],"words":[{"text":"Furthermore,","start":7927.95,"end":7928.79},{"text":"the","start":7928.91,"end":7929.11},{"text":"presence","start":7929.15,"end":7929.71},{"text":"of","start":7929.71,"end":7929.87},{"text":"the","start":7929.87,"end":7929.99},{"text":"alleged","start":7929.99,"end":7930.43},{"text":"perpetrator","start":7930.43,"end":7931.55},{"text":"on","start":7931.55,"end":7931.71},{"text":"the","start":7931.71,"end":7931.87},{"text":"territory","start":7931.87,"end":7932.51},{"text":"of","start":7932.51,"end":7932.67},{"text":"the","start":7932.67,"end":7932.75},{"text":"state","start":7932.75,"end":7933.15},{"text":"exercising","start":7933.15,"end":7934.03},{"text":"universal","start":7934.03,"end":7934.59},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":7934.59,"end":7935.47},{"text":"is","start":7935.87,"end":7936.35},{"text":"an","start":7936.43,"end":7936.59},{"text":"essential","start":7936.59,"end":7937.23},{"text":"condition.","start":7937.23,"end":7938.03}]},{"text":"It would not be appropriate to exercise such jurisdiction in absentia.","start":7938.67,"end":7943.15,"topics":[{"key":"procedural-safeguards","label":"Procedural Safeguards","description":"Many delegations called for procedural limits to ensure fair and disciplined use of universal jurisdiction. Frequently mentioned safeguards included the presence of the accused in the forum state, due process guarantees, prior consultation with concerned states, high-level prosecutorial review, and protection against duplicative proceedings."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":7938.67,"end":7938.83},{"text":"would","start":7938.83,"end":7939.03},{"text":"not","start":7939.03,"end":7939.31},{"text":"be","start":7939.31,"end":7939.47},{"text":"appropriate","start":7939.47,"end":7940.47},{"text":"to","start":7940.47,"end":7940.67},{"text":"exercise","start":7940.67,"end":7941.39},{"text":"such","start":7941.39,"end":7941.63},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":7941.63,"end":7942.43},{"text":"in","start":7942.43,"end":7942.59},{"text":"absentia.","start":7942.59,"end":7943.15}]},{"text":"It's necessary to determine at what point the individual must be present on the territory.","start":7943.15,"end":7949.07,"topics":[{"key":"procedural-safeguards","label":"Procedural Safeguards","description":"Many delegations called for procedural limits to ensure fair and disciplined use of universal jurisdiction. Frequently mentioned safeguards included the presence of the accused in the forum state, due process guarantees, prior consultation with concerned states, high-level prosecutorial review, and protection against duplicative proceedings."}],"words":[{"text":"It's","start":7943.15,"end":7943.43},{"text":"necessary","start":7943.87,"end":7944.67},{"text":"to","start":7944.67,"end":7944.83},{"text":"determine","start":7944.83,"end":7945.47},{"text":"at","start":7945.47,"end":7945.71},{"text":"what","start":7945.71,"end":7946.19},{"text":"point","start":7946.19,"end":7946.75},{"text":"the","start":7946.75,"end":7946.87},{"text":"individual","start":7946.87,"end":7947.47},{"text":"must","start":7947.47,"end":7947.71},{"text":"be","start":7947.71,"end":7947.87},{"text":"present","start":7947.87,"end":7948.19},{"text":"on","start":7948.19,"end":7948.27},{"text":"the","start":7948.27,"end":7948.35},{"text":"territory.","start":7948.35,"end":7949.07}]},{"text":"and it is particularly essential for this individual to be present when the procedures are carried out.","start":7950.59,"end":7957.47,"topics":[{"key":"procedural-safeguards","label":"Procedural Safeguards","description":"Many delegations called for procedural limits to ensure fair and disciplined use of universal jurisdiction. Frequently mentioned safeguards included the presence of the accused in the forum state, due process guarantees, prior consultation with concerned states, high-level prosecutorial review, and protection against duplicative proceedings."}],"words":[{"text":"and","start":7950.59,"end":7950.67},{"text":"it","start":7950.67,"end":7950.83},{"text":"is","start":7950.83,"end":7950.95},{"text":"particularly","start":7950.95,"end":7951.63},{"text":"essential","start":7951.63,"end":7952.35},{"text":"for","start":7952.75,"end":7953.19},{"text":"this","start":7953.63,"end":7954.19},{"text":"individual","start":7954.19,"end":7954.67},{"text":"to","start":7954.67,"end":7954.79},{"text":"be","start":7954.79,"end":7954.91},{"text":"present","start":7954.91,"end":7955.55},{"text":"when","start":7955.55,"end":7955.95},{"text":"the","start":7955.95,"end":7956.11},{"text":"procedures","start":7956.11,"end":7956.67},{"text":"are","start":7956.67,"end":7956.75},{"text":"carried","start":7956.75,"end":7957.15},{"text":"out.","start":7957.15,"end":7957.47}]},{"text":"These proceedings in turn should strictly adhere to the norms of due process with all procedural guarantees recognised under international law.","start":7958.19,"end":7967.11,"topics":[{"key":"procedural-safeguards","label":"Procedural Safeguards","description":"Many delegations called for procedural limits to ensure fair and disciplined use of universal jurisdiction. Frequently mentioned safeguards included the presence of the accused in the forum state, due process guarantees, prior consultation with concerned states, high-level prosecutorial review, and protection against duplicative proceedings."}],"words":[{"text":"These","start":7958.19,"end":7958.43},{"text":"proceedings","start":7958.43,"end":7958.99},{"text":"in","start":7958.99,"end":7959.11},{"text":"turn","start":7959.11,"end":7959.47},{"text":"should","start":7959.47,"end":7959.71},{"text":"strictly","start":7959.71,"end":7960.27},{"text":"adhere","start":7960.27,"end":7960.75},{"text":"to","start":7960.75,"end":7960.99},{"text":"the","start":7960.99,"end":7961.15},{"text":"norms","start":7961.15,"end":7961.55},{"text":"of","start":7961.55,"end":7961.63},{"text":"due","start":7961.63,"end":7961.87},{"text":"process","start":7961.87,"end":7962.51},{"text":"with","start":7962.51,"end":7962.75},{"text":"all","start":7962.75,"end":7963.23},{"text":"procedural","start":7963.95,"end":7964.63},{"text":"guarantees","start":7964.63,"end":7965.39},{"text":"recognised","start":7965.39,"end":7965.95},{"text":"under","start":7965.95,"end":7966.19},{"text":"international","start":7966.19,"end":7967.03},{"text":"law.","start":7967.03,"end":7967.11}]},{"text":"Chairman, to conclude my delegation would like to highlight on a related note that it is important to regulate interstate cooperation.","start":7967.95,"end":7978.11,"topics":[{"key":"cooperation-and-national-capacity","label":"International Cooperation and National Capacity","description":"A recurring topic was the need to strengthen domestic justice systems and expand cooperation through extradition, mutual legal assistance, and judicial coordination. Delegations argued that stronger national capacity and better interstate cooperation are essential both to combat impunity and to reduce overreliance on universal jurisdiction."}],"words":[{"text":"Chairman,","start":7967.95,"end":7968.43},{"text":"to","start":7968.91,"end":7968.99},{"text":"conclude","start":7968.99,"end":7969.79},{"text":"my","start":7969.79,"end":7969.95},{"text":"delegation","start":7969.95,"end":7970.63},{"text":"would","start":7970.63,"end":7970.75},{"text":"like","start":7970.75,"end":7971.07},{"text":"to","start":7971.07,"end":7971.47},{"text":"highlight","start":7971.47,"end":7972.11},{"text":"on","start":7972.11,"end":7972.31},{"text":"a","start":7972.31,"end":7972.35},{"text":"related","start":7972.35,"end":7972.91},{"text":"note","start":7972.91,"end":7973.31},{"text":"that","start":7973.79,"end":7973.95},{"text":"it","start":7973.95,"end":7974.03},{"text":"is","start":7974.03,"end":7974.23},{"text":"important","start":7974.23,"end":7975.19},{"text":"to","start":7975.19,"end":7975.55},{"text":"regulate","start":7975.71,"end":7976.51},{"text":"interstate","start":7976.51,"end":7977.23},{"text":"cooperation.","start":7977.23,"end":7978.11}]},{"text":"Without appropriate international collaboration, the effective and purposeful exercise of universal jurisdiction would be seriously limited.","start":7980.47,"end":7990.95,"topics":[{"key":"cooperation-and-national-capacity","label":"International Cooperation and National Capacity","description":"A recurring topic was the need to strengthen domestic justice systems and expand cooperation through extradition, mutual legal assistance, and judicial coordination. Delegations argued that stronger national capacity and better interstate cooperation are essential both to combat impunity and to reduce overreliance on universal jurisdiction."}],"words":[{"text":"Without","start":7980.47,"end":7980.95},{"text":"appropriate","start":7980.95,"end":7981.67},{"text":"international","start":7981.67,"end":7982.47},{"text":"collaboration,","start":7982.47,"end":7983.51},{"text":"the","start":7983.83,"end":7983.95},{"text":"effective","start":7984.15,"end":7985.03},{"text":"and","start":7985.03,"end":7985.27},{"text":"purposeful","start":7985.27,"end":7985.91},{"text":"exercise","start":7985.91,"end":7986.67},{"text":"of","start":7986.67,"end":7986.79},{"text":"universal","start":7986.79,"end":7987.35},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":7987.35,"end":7988.31},{"text":"would","start":7988.55,"end":7989.03},{"text":"be","start":7989.03,"end":7989.27},{"text":"seriously","start":7989.27,"end":7990.23},{"text":"limited.","start":7990.23,"end":7990.95}]},{"text":"Thank you very much.","start":7992.07,"end":7992.87,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":7992.07,"end":7992.27},{"text":"you","start":7992.27,"end":7992.35},{"text":"very","start":7992.35,"end":7992.51},{"text":"much.","start":7992.51,"end":7992.87}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"CHL","affiliation_full":"Chile","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":59,"start":7994.39,"pageUrl":"/en/ga/c6/80/23?t=7995","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Muchas gracias a usted.","start":7994.39,"end":7995.83,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Muchas","start":7994.39,"end":7994.71},{"text":"gracias","start":7994.71,"end":7995.19},{"text":"a","start":7995.19,"end":7995.23},{"text":"usted.","start":7995.23,"end":7995.83}]},{"text":"I will now give the floor to the representative of Bangladesh.","start":7996.63,"end":7999.59,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":7996.63,"end":7996.67},{"text":"will","start":7996.67,"end":7996.87},{"text":"now","start":7996.87,"end":7997.11},{"text":"give","start":7997.11,"end":7997.27},{"text":"the","start":7997.31,"end":7997.43},{"text":"floor","start":7997.43,"end":7997.75},{"text":"to","start":7997.75,"end":7997.91},{"text":"the","start":7997.91,"end":7997.99},{"text":"representative","start":7997.99,"end":7998.75},{"text":"of","start":7998.75,"end":7998.87},{"text":"Bangladesh.","start":7998.87,"end":7999.59}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"6th Committee","affiliation_full":"6th Committee","group":null,"function":"Vice-Chair"}},{"statement_number":60,"start":8008.17,"pageUrl":"/en/ga/c6/80/23?t=8009","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Mr. Chair.","start":8008.17,"end":8009.05,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":8008.17,"end":8008.33},{"text":"you,","start":8008.33,"end":8008.41},{"text":"Mr.","start":8008.41,"end":8008.65},{"text":"Chair.","start":8008.65,"end":8009.05}]},{"text":"Bangladesh aligns itself with the statement delivered by Islamic Republic of Iran on behalf of NAM and thanks the Secretary General for his 2025 report.","start":8010.15,"end":8019.19,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Bangladesh","start":8010.15,"end":8010.55},{"text":"aligns","start":8010.55,"end":8010.91},{"text":"itself","start":8010.91,"end":8011.43},{"text":"with","start":8011.43,"end":8011.63},{"text":"the","start":8011.63,"end":8011.71},{"text":"statement","start":8011.71,"end":8012.19},{"text":"delivered","start":8012.19,"end":8012.59},{"text":"by","start":8012.59,"end":8012.79},{"text":"Islamic","start":8012.79,"end":8013.27},{"text":"Republic","start":8013.27,"end":8013.67},{"text":"of","start":8013.67,"end":8013.75},{"text":"Iran","start":8013.83,"end":8013.99},{"text":"on","start":8013.99,"end":8014.47},{"text":"behalf","start":8014.47,"end":8014.87},{"text":"of","start":8014.87,"end":8014.95},{"text":"NAM","start":8014.95,"end":8015.35},{"text":"and","start":8015.43,"end":8015.67},{"text":"thanks","start":8015.67,"end":8015.99},{"text":"the","start":8015.99,"end":8016.15},{"text":"Secretary","start":8016.15,"end":8016.55},{"text":"General","start":8016.55,"end":8017.03},{"text":"for","start":8017.27,"end":8017.51},{"text":"his","start":8017.51,"end":8017.83},{"text":"2025","start":8017.83,"end":8018.71},{"text":"report.","start":8018.71,"end":8019.19}]},{"text":"Bangladesh comments the member states and observers whose inputs enrich our collective understanding of the scope and application of universal jurisdiction.","start":8019.99,"end":8029.75,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"Bangladesh","start":8019.99,"end":8020.39},{"text":"comments","start":8020.39,"end":8020.95},{"text":"the","start":8021.11,"end":8021.27},{"text":"member","start":8021.27,"end":8021.59},{"text":"states","start":8021.59,"end":8022.07},{"text":"and","start":8022.15,"end":8022.35},{"text":"observers","start":8022.35,"end":8022.95},{"text":"whose","start":8023.19,"end":8023.43},{"text":"inputs","start":8023.43,"end":8023.99},{"text":"enrich","start":8024.07,"end":8024.55},{"text":"our","start":8024.55,"end":8024.79},{"text":"collective","start":8024.79,"end":8025.23},{"text":"understanding","start":8025.23,"end":8025.99},{"text":"of","start":8025.99,"end":8026.19},{"text":"the","start":8026.19,"end":8026.31},{"text":"scope","start":8026.31,"end":8026.87},{"text":"and","start":8027.19,"end":8027.59},{"text":"application","start":8027.59,"end":8028.31},{"text":"of","start":8028.31,"end":8028.47},{"text":"universal","start":8028.47,"end":8029.03},{"text":"jurisdiction.","start":8029.03,"end":8029.75}]},{"text":"Bangladesh also welcomes resolution 79/127 through which the General Assembly decided to establish a working group to continue discussions on the principle of universal jurisdiction and looks forward to constructive engagement within that open, inclusive process.","start":8030.79,"end":8048.35,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"Bangladesh","start":8030.79,"end":8031.19},{"text":"also","start":8031.19,"end":8031.43},{"text":"welcomes","start":8031.43,"end":8032.07},{"text":"resolution","start":8032.15,"end":8032.79},{"text":"79/127","start":8032.79,"end":8034.95},{"text":"through","start":8035.47,"end":8035.63},{"text":"which","start":8035.63,"end":8036.03},{"text":"the","start":8036.11,"end":8036.27},{"text":"General","start":8036.27,"end":8036.59},{"text":"Assembly","start":8036.59,"end":8037.07},{"text":"decided","start":8037.07,"end":8037.47},{"text":"to","start":8037.47,"end":8037.59},{"text":"establish","start":8037.59,"end":8038.11},{"text":"a","start":8038.19,"end":8038.23},{"text":"working","start":8038.23,"end":8038.67},{"text":"group","start":8038.67,"end":8038.99},{"text":"to","start":8039.07,"end":8039.23},{"text":"continue","start":8039.23,"end":8039.71},{"text":"discussions","start":8039.71,"end":8040.35},{"text":"on","start":8040.59,"end":8040.71},{"text":"the","start":8040.71,"end":8040.83},{"text":"principle","start":8040.83,"end":8041.39},{"text":"of","start":8041.39,"end":8041.63},{"text":"universal","start":8041.63,"end":8042.11},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":8042.11,"end":8042.83},{"text":"and","start":8043.07,"end":8043.35},{"text":"looks","start":8043.35,"end":8043.63},{"text":"forward","start":8043.63,"end":8044.11},{"text":"to","start":8044.35,"end":8044.51},{"text":"constructive","start":8044.51,"end":8045.15},{"text":"engagement","start":8045.15,"end":8045.87},{"text":"within","start":8046.03,"end":8046.35},{"text":"that","start":8046.35,"end":8046.67},{"text":"open,","start":8046.67,"end":8047.15},{"text":"inclusive","start":8047.15,"end":8047.71},{"text":"process.","start":8047.71,"end":8048.35}]},{"text":"Mr. Chair, the principle of universal jurisdiction represents the collective conscience of humanity.","start":8049.15,"end":8056.11,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":8049.15,"end":8049.47},{"text":"Chair,","start":8049.47,"end":8049.87},{"text":"the","start":8050.75,"end":8050.91},{"text":"principle","start":8050.91,"end":8051.47},{"text":"of","start":8051.47,"end":8051.71},{"text":"universal","start":8051.91,"end":8052.43},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":8052.43,"end":8053.15},{"text":"represents","start":8053.15,"end":8053.95},{"text":"the","start":8054.03,"end":8054.19},{"text":"collective","start":8054.19,"end":8054.75},{"text":"conscience","start":8054.75,"end":8055.31},{"text":"of","start":8055.31,"end":8055.47},{"text":"humanity.","start":8055.47,"end":8056.11}]},{"text":"It asserts that persecution of certain serious crimes, genocide, war crimes, crime against humanity, torture, slavery, enforced disappearance, and piracy transcends borders and nationalities because of their severity.","start":8056.59,"end":8074.23,"topics":[{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":8056.59,"end":8056.83},{"text":"asserts","start":8056.83,"end":8057.47},{"text":"that","start":8057.63,"end":8058.03},{"text":"persecution","start":8058.19,"end":8058.99},{"text":"of","start":8058.99,"end":8059.11},{"text":"certain","start":8059.11,"end":8059.71},{"text":"serious","start":8059.71,"end":8060.27},{"text":"crimes,","start":8060.27,"end":8060.91},{"text":"genocide,","start":8061.23,"end":8061.95},{"text":"war","start":8062.35,"end":8062.67},{"text":"crimes,","start":8062.67,"end":8063.15},{"text":"crime","start":8063.55,"end":8063.75},{"text":"against","start":8063.75,"end":8064.03},{"text":"humanity,","start":8064.03,"end":8064.71},{"text":"torture,","start":8064.87,"end":8065.51},{"text":"slavery,","start":8065.75,"end":8066.47},{"text":"enforced","start":8066.79,"end":8067.23},{"text":"disappearance,","start":8067.23,"end":8068.07},{"text":"and","start":8068.55,"end":8068.79},{"text":"piracy","start":8068.79,"end":8069.43},{"text":"transcends","start":8069.59,"end":8070.31},{"text":"borders","start":8070.55,"end":8071.27},{"text":"and","start":8071.27,"end":8071.47},{"text":"nationalities","start":8071.47,"end":8072.31},{"text":"because","start":8072.55,"end":8073.11},{"text":"of","start":8073.11,"end":8073.27},{"text":"their","start":8073.27,"end":8073.43},{"text":"severity.","start":8073.43,"end":8074.23}]},{"text":"For Bangladesh, a nation born through the liberation struggle against genocide in 1971 and rejuvenated by the youth-led uprising in 2024, this universality of call for justice is deeply personal.","start":8075.19,"end":8091.75,"topics":[{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."}],"words":[{"text":"For","start":8075.19,"end":8075.35},{"text":"Bangladesh,","start":8075.35,"end":8075.99},{"text":"a","start":8076.39,"end":8076.43},{"text":"nation","start":8076.43,"end":8077.11},{"text":"born","start":8077.27,"end":8077.67},{"text":"through","start":8077.67,"end":8077.91},{"text":"the","start":8077.91,"end":8078.15},{"text":"liberation","start":8078.31,"end":8078.79},{"text":"struggle","start":8078.79,"end":8079.35},{"text":"against","start":8079.51,"end":8079.95},{"text":"genocide","start":8079.95,"end":8080.63},{"text":"in","start":8080.63,"end":8080.75},{"text":"1971","start":8080.75,"end":8081.83},{"text":"and","start":8082.31,"end":8082.71},{"text":"rejuvenated","start":8082.87,"end":8083.75},{"text":"by","start":8083.91,"end":8084.15},{"text":"the","start":8084.15,"end":8084.31},{"text":"youth-led","start":8084.31,"end":8084.95},{"text":"uprising","start":8084.95,"end":8085.59},{"text":"in","start":8085.59,"end":8085.75},{"text":"2024,","start":8085.75,"end":8086.87},{"text":"this","start":8087.35,"end":8087.75},{"text":"universality","start":8087.79,"end":8088.71},{"text":"of","start":8088.79,"end":8089.03},{"text":"call","start":8089.03,"end":8089.43},{"text":"for","start":8089.43,"end":8089.67},{"text":"justice","start":8089.67,"end":8090.15},{"text":"is","start":8090.39,"end":8090.55},{"text":"deeply","start":8090.55,"end":8091.11},{"text":"personal.","start":8091.11,"end":8091.75}]},{"text":"We know that justice is the only path to peace and reconciliation because impunity reproduces recurrence.","start":8093.03,"end":8101.75,"topics":[{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":8093.03,"end":8093.11},{"text":"know","start":8093.11,"end":8093.43},{"text":"that","start":8093.67,"end":8093.91},{"text":"justice","start":8093.91,"end":8094.47},{"text":"is","start":8094.55,"end":8094.71},{"text":"the","start":8094.71,"end":8094.87},{"text":"only","start":8094.87,"end":8095.27},{"text":"path","start":8095.27,"end":8095.71},{"text":"to","start":8095.71,"end":8095.91},{"text":"peace","start":8096.23,"end":8096.71},{"text":"and","start":8096.71,"end":8096.91},{"text":"reconciliation","start":8096.91,"end":8097.91},{"text":"because","start":8097.99,"end":8098.63},{"text":"impunity","start":8098.79,"end":8099.59},{"text":"reproduces","start":8099.83,"end":8100.79},{"text":"recurrence.","start":8100.95,"end":8101.75}]},{"text":"Foreign relations of Bangladesh is guided by its profound commitment to justice, equality and respect for international law.","start":8103.11,"end":8111.79,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Foreign","start":8103.11,"end":8103.51},{"text":"relations","start":8103.51,"end":8104.03},{"text":"of","start":8104.03,"end":8104.11},{"text":"Bangladesh","start":8104.11,"end":8104.71},{"text":"is","start":8104.87,"end":8105.03},{"text":"guided","start":8105.03,"end":8105.59},{"text":"by","start":8105.75,"end":8106.07},{"text":"its","start":8106.07,"end":8106.31},{"text":"profound","start":8106.31,"end":8106.95},{"text":"commitment","start":8106.95,"end":8107.67},{"text":"to","start":8107.91,"end":8108.03},{"text":"justice,","start":8108.03,"end":8108.63},{"text":"equality","start":8108.95,"end":8109.83},{"text":"and","start":8109.99,"end":8110.19},{"text":"respect","start":8110.19,"end":8110.71},{"text":"for","start":8110.71,"end":8110.87},{"text":"international","start":8110.87,"end":8111.71},{"text":"law.","start":8111.71,"end":8111.79}]},{"text":"In this line, the interim government, which was formed last year following a youth-led uprising, for freedom and accountability has undertaken far reaching institutional reforms.","start":8112.47,"end":8125.27,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":8112.47,"end":8112.63},{"text":"this","start":8112.63,"end":8112.87},{"text":"line,","start":8112.87,"end":8113.27},{"text":"the","start":8113.51,"end":8113.71},{"text":"interim","start":8113.71,"end":8114.07},{"text":"government,","start":8114.07,"end":8114.79},{"text":"which","start":8115.03,"end":8115.27},{"text":"was","start":8115.27,"end":8115.51},{"text":"formed","start":8115.51,"end":8115.83},{"text":"last","start":8115.83,"end":8116.15},{"text":"year","start":8116.15,"end":8116.39},{"text":"following","start":8116.47,"end":8117.15},{"text":"a","start":8117.15,"end":8117.19},{"text":"youth-led","start":8117.19,"end":8117.91},{"text":"uprising,","start":8118.23,"end":8119.03},{"text":"for","start":8119.59,"end":8119.75},{"text":"freedom","start":8119.75,"end":8120.15},{"text":"and","start":8120.15,"end":8120.35},{"text":"accountability","start":8120.35,"end":8121.27},{"text":"has","start":8121.43,"end":8121.75},{"text":"undertaken","start":8121.75,"end":8122.55},{"text":"far","start":8122.71,"end":8123.11},{"text":"reaching","start":8123.11,"end":8123.51},{"text":"institutional","start":8123.75,"end":8124.47},{"text":"reforms.","start":8124.47,"end":8125.27}]},{"text":"We have formed 11 independent commissions to oversee governance, judiciary, electoral norms, public administration, law enforcement, anti-corruption and women's rights.","start":8126.15,"end":8137.11,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":8126.15,"end":8126.27},{"text":"have","start":8126.27,"end":8126.43},{"text":"formed","start":8126.43,"end":8126.87},{"text":"11","start":8126.87,"end":8127.31},{"text":"independent","start":8127.31,"end":8127.83},{"text":"commissions","start":8127.83,"end":8128.47},{"text":"to","start":8128.63,"end":8128.83},{"text":"oversee","start":8128.83,"end":8129.35},{"text":"governance,","start":8129.43,"end":8130.07},{"text":"judiciary,","start":8130.23,"end":8131.03},{"text":"electoral","start":8131.27,"end":8131.83},{"text":"norms,","start":8131.83,"end":8132.31},{"text":"public","start":8132.47,"end":8132.87},{"text":"administration,","start":8132.87,"end":8133.67},{"text":"law","start":8133.83,"end":8134.07},{"text":"enforcement,","start":8134.07,"end":8134.87},{"text":"anti-corruption","start":8135.07,"end":8135.99},{"text":"and","start":8136.07,"end":8136.23},{"text":"women's","start":8136.23,"end":8136.67},{"text":"rights.","start":8136.67,"end":8137.11}]},{"text":"A commission of inquiry on enforced disappearances and extrajudicial actions is operational, reaffirming a zero tolerance policy towards human rights violations.","start":8137.83,"end":8148.95,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"A","start":8137.83,"end":8137.87},{"text":"commission","start":8137.87,"end":8138.31},{"text":"of","start":8138.31,"end":8138.47},{"text":"inquiry","start":8138.47,"end":8139.03},{"text":"on","start":8139.19,"end":8139.43},{"text":"enforced","start":8139.43,"end":8139.87},{"text":"disappearances","start":8139.87,"end":8140.79},{"text":"and","start":8141.03,"end":8141.19},{"text":"extrajudicial","start":8141.19,"end":8142.15},{"text":"actions","start":8142.15,"end":8142.87},{"text":"is","start":8142.95,"end":8143.19},{"text":"operational,","start":8143.19,"end":8143.91},{"text":"reaffirming","start":8144.39,"end":8145.19},{"text":"a","start":8145.43,"end":8145.47},{"text":"zero","start":8145.47,"end":8145.75},{"text":"tolerance","start":8145.75,"end":8146.31},{"text":"policy","start":8146.31,"end":8146.87},{"text":"towards","start":8146.95,"end":8147.51},{"text":"human","start":8147.51,"end":8147.83},{"text":"rights","start":8147.83,"end":8148.15},{"text":"violations.","start":8148.15,"end":8148.95}]},{"text":"In the same spirit, in 2024, Bangladesh acceded to the International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance, which is already reflected in this report.","start":8150.19,"end":8163.95,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":8150.19,"end":8150.35},{"text":"the","start":8150.35,"end":8150.47},{"text":"same","start":8150.47,"end":8150.83},{"text":"spirit,","start":8150.83,"end":8151.47},{"text":"in","start":8151.47,"end":8151.87},{"text":"2024,","start":8151.87,"end":8152.67},{"text":"Bangladesh","start":8153.07,"end":8153.79},{"text":"acceded","start":8154.03,"end":8154.43},{"text":"to","start":8154.43,"end":8154.63},{"text":"the","start":8154.63,"end":8154.83},{"text":"International","start":8155.07,"end":8155.87},{"text":"Convention","start":8155.87,"end":8156.67},{"text":"for","start":8156.99,"end":8157.23},{"text":"the","start":8157.23,"end":8157.31},{"text":"Protection","start":8157.31,"end":8157.95},{"text":"of","start":8157.95,"end":8158.27},{"text":"All","start":8158.27,"end":8158.51},{"text":"Persons","start":8158.51,"end":8159.07},{"text":"from","start":8159.23,"end":8159.55},{"text":"Enforced","start":8159.55,"end":8159.99},{"text":"Disappearance,","start":8159.99,"end":8160.83},{"text":"which","start":8161.07,"end":8161.35},{"text":"is","start":8161.35,"end":8161.55},{"text":"already","start":8161.55,"end":8162.07},{"text":"reflected","start":8162.07,"end":8162.75},{"text":"in","start":8163.07,"end":8163.23},{"text":"this","start":8163.23,"end":8163.47},{"text":"report.","start":8163.47,"end":8163.95}]},{"text":"Besides, this year, we have acceded to the Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture, OPCAT.","start":8164.99,"end":8172.31,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Besides,","start":8164.99,"end":8165.71},{"text":"this","start":8165.95,"end":8166.35},{"text":"year,","start":8166.35,"end":8166.59},{"text":"we","start":8167.15,"end":8167.35},{"text":"have","start":8167.35,"end":8167.51},{"text":"acceded","start":8167.51,"end":8167.91},{"text":"to","start":8167.91,"end":8168.07},{"text":"the","start":8168.07,"end":8168.27},{"text":"Optional","start":8168.59,"end":8169.31},{"text":"Protocol","start":8169.31,"end":8169.87},{"text":"to","start":8169.87,"end":8170.03},{"text":"the","start":8170.03,"end":8170.15},{"text":"Convention","start":8170.15,"end":8170.75},{"text":"against","start":8170.75,"end":8171.03},{"text":"Torture,","start":8171.03,"end":8171.47},{"text":"OPCAT.","start":8171.47,"end":8172.31}]},{"text":"Bangladesh has now become the party to all nine core human rights treaties.","start":8172.83,"end":8178.27,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Bangladesh","start":8172.83,"end":8173.39},{"text":"has","start":8173.39,"end":8173.55},{"text":"now","start":8173.55,"end":8174.03},{"text":"become","start":8174.27,"end":8174.67},{"text":"the","start":8174.67,"end":8174.79},{"text":"party","start":8174.79,"end":8175.31},{"text":"to","start":8175.47,"end":8175.71},{"text":"all","start":8175.71,"end":8176.03},{"text":"nine","start":8176.03,"end":8176.43},{"text":"core","start":8176.43,"end":8176.79},{"text":"human","start":8176.79,"end":8177.15},{"text":"rights","start":8177.15,"end":8177.55},{"text":"treaties.","start":8177.63,"end":8178.27}]},{"text":"Bangladesh is also trying the perpetrators of past atrocities in international courts, reflecting Bangladesh's belief that no one is above the law.","start":8179.87,"end":8191.07,"topics":[{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."}],"words":[{"text":"Bangladesh","start":8179.87,"end":8180.27},{"text":"is","start":8180.27,"end":8180.43},{"text":"also","start":8180.43,"end":8180.83},{"text":"trying","start":8180.83,"end":8181.47},{"text":"the","start":8181.79,"end":8181.95},{"text":"perpetrators","start":8181.95,"end":8182.83},{"text":"of","start":8182.91,"end":8183.03},{"text":"past","start":8183.03,"end":8183.55},{"text":"atrocities","start":8183.55,"end":8184.43},{"text":"in","start":8184.59,"end":8184.83},{"text":"international","start":8184.83,"end":8185.39},{"text":"courts,","start":8185.39,"end":8185.95},{"text":"reflecting","start":8186.11,"end":8186.83},{"text":"Bangladesh's","start":8187.07,"end":8187.71},{"text":"belief","start":8187.71,"end":8188.19},{"text":"that","start":8188.43,"end":8188.91},{"text":"no","start":8189.07,"end":8189.39},{"text":"one","start":8189.39,"end":8189.79},{"text":"is","start":8189.87,"end":8190.11},{"text":"above","start":8190.11,"end":8190.51},{"text":"the","start":8190.51,"end":8190.67},{"text":"law.","start":8190.67,"end":8191.07}]},{"text":"These initiatives have reinforced our commitment to universal justice and the prevention of grave violations of human rights.","start":8191.95,"end":8200.59,"topics":[{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."}],"words":[{"text":"These","start":8191.95,"end":8192.27},{"text":"initiatives","start":8192.27,"end":8193.15},{"text":"have","start":8193.39,"end":8193.63},{"text":"reinforced","start":8193.63,"end":8194.43},{"text":"our","start":8194.51,"end":8194.67},{"text":"commitment","start":8194.67,"end":8195.39},{"text":"to","start":8195.71,"end":8195.79},{"text":"universal","start":8195.79,"end":8196.43},{"text":"justice","start":8196.51,"end":8197.23},{"text":"and","start":8197.47,"end":8197.67},{"text":"the","start":8197.67,"end":8197.79},{"text":"prevention","start":8197.79,"end":8198.31},{"text":"of","start":8198.31,"end":8198.43},{"text":"grave","start":8198.43,"end":8198.79},{"text":"violations","start":8198.79,"end":8199.47},{"text":"of","start":8199.55,"end":8199.79},{"text":"human","start":8199.79,"end":8200.11},{"text":"rights.","start":8200.11,"end":8200.59}]},{"text":"Mr. Chair, Bangladesh see universal jurisdiction as a natural extension of the rules based order enshrined in the constitutional beliefs of Bangladesh.","start":8201.95,"end":8211.27,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":8201.95,"end":8202.27},{"text":"Chair,","start":8202.27,"end":8202.67},{"text":"Bangladesh","start":8203.75,"end":8204.15},{"text":"see","start":8204.15,"end":8204.51},{"text":"universal","start":8204.51,"end":8204.95},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":8204.95,"end":8205.75},{"text":"as","start":8205.75,"end":8205.95},{"text":"a","start":8205.95,"end":8205.99},{"text":"natural","start":8205.99,"end":8206.39},{"text":"extension","start":8206.39,"end":8207.03},{"text":"of","start":8207.03,"end":8207.19},{"text":"the","start":8207.19,"end":8207.27},{"text":"rules","start":8207.27,"end":8207.75},{"text":"based","start":8207.75,"end":8208.03},{"text":"order","start":8208.03,"end":8208.55},{"text":"enshrined","start":8208.79,"end":8209.31},{"text":"in","start":8209.31,"end":8209.43},{"text":"the","start":8209.43,"end":8209.51},{"text":"constitutional","start":8209.51,"end":8210.23},{"text":"beliefs","start":8210.23,"end":8210.59},{"text":"of","start":8210.59,"end":8210.67},{"text":"Bangladesh.","start":8210.67,"end":8211.27}]},{"text":"Our approach to universal jurisdiction is guided by both conviction and caution.","start":8212.39,"end":8216.95,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Our","start":8212.39,"end":8212.55},{"text":"approach","start":8212.55,"end":8213.03},{"text":"to","start":8213.03,"end":8213.19},{"text":"universal","start":8213.19,"end":8213.67},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":8213.67,"end":8214.39},{"text":"is","start":8214.39,"end":8214.63},{"text":"guided","start":8214.63,"end":8215.03},{"text":"by","start":8215.03,"end":8215.27},{"text":"both","start":8215.27,"end":8215.55},{"text":"conviction","start":8215.55,"end":8216.31},{"text":"and","start":8216.31,"end":8216.43},{"text":"caution.","start":8216.43,"end":8216.95}]},{"text":"We fully support the principle as a tool to combat impunity, yet we recognize that its exercise must be adhere to the fundamental principles of state sovereignty, sovereign equality and non-interference to the internal affairs in line with the UN Charter.","start":8217.51,"end":8235.87,"topics":[{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."},{"key":"sovereignty-and-immunities","label":"Sovereignty and Immunities","description":"Many statements emphasized that the exercise of universal jurisdiction must respect sovereign equality, non-interference, territorial integrity, and the immunities of state officials under international law. Several delegations warned that ignoring these principles would damage interstate relations and the legitimacy of the legal system."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":8217.51,"end":8217.67},{"text":"fully","start":8217.67,"end":8217.99},{"text":"support","start":8217.99,"end":8218.31},{"text":"the","start":8218.31,"end":8218.39},{"text":"principle","start":8218.39,"end":8219.03},{"text":"as","start":8219.35,"end":8219.55},{"text":"a","start":8219.55,"end":8219.59},{"text":"tool","start":8219.59,"end":8219.83},{"text":"to","start":8219.83,"end":8219.95},{"text":"combat","start":8219.95,"end":8220.47},{"text":"impunity,","start":8220.47,"end":8221.19},{"text":"yet","start":8221.35,"end":8221.91},{"text":"we","start":8222.07,"end":8222.23},{"text":"recognize","start":8222.23,"end":8222.79},{"text":"that","start":8222.79,"end":8223.19},{"text":"its","start":8223.51,"end":8223.71},{"text":"exercise","start":8223.71,"end":8224.23},{"text":"must","start":8224.23,"end":8224.51},{"text":"be","start":8224.51,"end":8224.71},{"text":"adhere","start":8224.71,"end":8225.27},{"text":"to","start":8225.67,"end":8225.79},{"text":"the","start":8225.83,"end":8226.07},{"text":"fundamental","start":8226.55,"end":8227.19},{"text":"principles","start":8227.19,"end":8227.75},{"text":"of","start":8227.75,"end":8227.99},{"text":"state","start":8228.07,"end":8228.47},{"text":"sovereignty,","start":8228.47,"end":8229.19},{"text":"sovereign","start":8229.87,"end":8230.19},{"text":"equality","start":8230.19,"end":8230.91},{"text":"and","start":8231.15,"end":8231.35},{"text":"non-interference","start":8231.35,"end":8232.35},{"text":"to","start":8232.51,"end":8232.67},{"text":"the","start":8232.67,"end":8232.79},{"text":"internal","start":8232.79,"end":8233.31},{"text":"affairs","start":8233.31,"end":8233.87},{"text":"in","start":8234.19,"end":8234.43},{"text":"line","start":8234.43,"end":8234.83},{"text":"with","start":8234.91,"end":8235.11},{"text":"the","start":8235.11,"end":8235.19},{"text":"UN","start":8235.19,"end":8235.47},{"text":"Charter.","start":8235.47,"end":8235.87}]},{"text":"Bangladesh believes that universal jurisdiction should complement, not replace, other jurisdictional bases, namely territoriality and nationality.","start":8236.99,"end":8248.43,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiarity-and-last-resort","label":"Subsidiarity and Last Resort","description":"Numerous speakers argued that universal jurisdiction should be secondary to territorial, nationality-based, or other closer jurisdictional links. In this view, it should be used only when the state with primary jurisdiction is unwilling or unable genuinely to investigate and prosecute."},{"key":"distinction-from-other-bases","label":"Distinction From Other Jurisdictional Bases","description":"Several speakers insisted that universal jurisdiction must be clearly distinguished from treaty-based obligations to extradite or prosecute, other forms of extraterritorial jurisdiction, and the jurisdiction of international criminal tribunals. They argued that conflating these concepts creates legal confusion and distorts state practice."}],"words":[{"text":"Bangladesh","start":8236.99,"end":8237.47},{"text":"believes","start":8237.47,"end":8237.87},{"text":"that","start":8237.87,"end":8238.19},{"text":"universal","start":8238.51,"end":8239.15},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":8239.15,"end":8239.95},{"text":"should","start":8240.11,"end":8240.43},{"text":"complement,","start":8240.43,"end":8241.31},{"text":"not","start":8241.71,"end":8242.03},{"text":"replace,","start":8242.03,"end":8242.59},{"text":"other","start":8242.99,"end":8243.31},{"text":"jurisdictional","start":8243.31,"end":8244.03},{"text":"bases,","start":8244.03,"end":8244.51},{"text":"namely","start":8244.59,"end":8245.15},{"text":"territoriality","start":8245.39,"end":8247.31},{"text":"and","start":8247.31,"end":8247.59},{"text":"nationality.","start":8247.59,"end":8248.43}]},{"text":"It must serve as a last resort when the state with primary jurisdiction is unwilling or unable to act.","start":8249.47,"end":8257.15,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiarity-and-last-resort","label":"Subsidiarity and Last Resort","description":"Numerous speakers argued that universal jurisdiction should be secondary to territorial, nationality-based, or other closer jurisdictional links. In this view, it should be used only when the state with primary jurisdiction is unwilling or unable genuinely to investigate and prosecute."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":8249.47,"end":8249.71},{"text":"must","start":8249.71,"end":8249.95},{"text":"serve","start":8249.95,"end":8250.43},{"text":"as","start":8250.67,"end":8250.91},{"text":"a","start":8250.91,"end":8250.95},{"text":"last","start":8250.95,"end":8251.31},{"text":"resort","start":8251.31,"end":8251.87},{"text":"when","start":8252.07,"end":8252.35},{"text":"the","start":8252.35,"end":8252.47},{"text":"state","start":8252.47,"end":8252.91},{"text":"with","start":8252.99,"end":8253.23},{"text":"primary","start":8253.23,"end":8253.71},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":8253.71,"end":8254.43},{"text":"is","start":8254.59,"end":8254.83},{"text":"unwilling","start":8254.83,"end":8255.55},{"text":"or","start":8255.79,"end":8256.11},{"text":"unable","start":8256.11,"end":8256.59},{"text":"to","start":8256.59,"end":8256.75},{"text":"act.","start":8256.75,"end":8257.15}]},{"text":"This balanced approach ensures that this principle strengthens rather than undermines domestic justice systems.","start":8258.31,"end":8268.07,"topics":[{"key":"cooperation-and-national-capacity","label":"International Cooperation and National Capacity","description":"A recurring topic was the need to strengthen domestic justice systems and expand cooperation through extradition, mutual legal assistance, and judicial coordination. Delegations argued that stronger national capacity and better interstate cooperation are essential both to combat impunity and to reduce overreliance on universal jurisdiction."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":8258.31,"end":8258.39},{"text":"balanced","start":8258.39,"end":8258.91},{"text":"approach","start":8258.91,"end":8259.59},{"text":"ensures","start":8259.83,"end":8260.63},{"text":"that","start":8260.79,"end":8261.27},{"text":"this","start":8261.83,"end":8262.15},{"text":"principle","start":8262.15,"end":8262.87},{"text":"strengthens","start":8262.95,"end":8263.91},{"text":"rather","start":8264.31,"end":8264.71},{"text":"than","start":8264.71,"end":8264.95},{"text":"undermines","start":8264.95,"end":8265.75},{"text":"domestic","start":8266.07,"end":8266.71},{"text":"justice","start":8266.71,"end":8267.27},{"text":"systems.","start":8267.35,"end":8268.07}]},{"text":"Bangladesh also stresses the need for internationally agreed safeguards governing the exercise of universal jurisdiction, which includes procedural fairness, right to appeal arrest warrants, and respect for fundamental rights.","start":8269.51,"end":8285.67,"topics":[{"key":"procedural-safeguards","label":"Procedural Safeguards","description":"Many delegations called for procedural limits to ensure fair and disciplined use of universal jurisdiction. Frequently mentioned safeguards included the presence of the accused in the forum state, due process guarantees, prior consultation with concerned states, high-level prosecutorial review, and protection against duplicative proceedings."}],"words":[{"text":"Bangladesh","start":8269.51,"end":8270.07},{"text":"also","start":8270.07,"end":8270.63},{"text":"stresses","start":8270.63,"end":8271.35},{"text":"the","start":8271.43,"end":8271.59},{"text":"need","start":8271.59,"end":8271.91},{"text":"for","start":8271.91,"end":8272.23},{"text":"internationally","start":8272.23,"end":8273.19},{"text":"agreed","start":8273.59,"end":8274.15},{"text":"safeguards","start":8274.15,"end":8274.87},{"text":"governing","start":8275.19,"end":8275.83},{"text":"the","start":8275.99,"end":8276.23},{"text":"exercise","start":8276.23,"end":8276.95},{"text":"of","start":8276.95,"end":8277.11},{"text":"universal","start":8277.19,"end":8277.67},{"text":"jurisdiction,","start":8277.67,"end":8278.39},{"text":"which","start":8278.55,"end":8278.79},{"text":"includes","start":8278.79,"end":8279.27},{"text":"procedural","start":8279.59,"end":8280.39},{"text":"fairness,","start":8280.39,"end":8281.11},{"text":"right","start":8281.59,"end":8282.03},{"text":"to","start":8282.03,"end":8282.11},{"text":"appeal","start":8282.11,"end":8282.55},{"text":"arrest","start":8282.55,"end":8282.95},{"text":"warrants,","start":8282.95,"end":8283.51},{"text":"and","start":8283.75,"end":8283.95},{"text":"respect","start":8283.95,"end":8284.43},{"text":"for","start":8284.43,"end":8284.63},{"text":"fundamental","start":8284.63,"end":8285.19},{"text":"rights.","start":8285.19,"end":8285.67}]},{"text":"We support greater investment in the regional judicial mechanisms to ensure coherence in applying universal jurisdiction.","start":8286.43,"end":8295.23,"topics":[{"key":"cooperation-and-national-capacity","label":"International Cooperation and National Capacity","description":"A recurring topic was the need to strengthen domestic justice systems and expand cooperation through extradition, mutual legal assistance, and judicial coordination. Delegations argued that stronger national capacity and better interstate cooperation are essential both to combat impunity and to reduce overreliance on universal jurisdiction."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":8286.43,"end":8286.51},{"text":"support","start":8286.51,"end":8287.07},{"text":"greater","start":8287.39,"end":8287.75},{"text":"investment","start":8287.75,"end":8288.51},{"text":"in","start":8288.75,"end":8288.91},{"text":"the","start":8288.91,"end":8288.99},{"text":"regional","start":8288.99,"end":8289.71},{"text":"judicial","start":8289.87,"end":8290.35},{"text":"mechanisms","start":8290.35,"end":8291.07},{"text":"to","start":8291.39,"end":8291.51},{"text":"ensure","start":8291.51,"end":8292.19},{"text":"coherence","start":8292.51,"end":8293.07},{"text":"in","start":8293.07,"end":8293.27},{"text":"applying","start":8293.27,"end":8293.79},{"text":"universal","start":8294.03,"end":8294.51},{"text":"jurisdiction.","start":8294.51,"end":8295.23}]},{"text":"The universal jurisdiction must remain impartial, predictable and non-selective.","start":8296.51,"end":8302.19,"topics":[{"key":"politicization-and-selective-use","label":"Politicization and Selective Use","description":"A widely shared concern was that universal jurisdiction can be abused for political, discriminatory, or selective purposes. Delegations warned against using domestic courts to target foreign officials or advance geopolitical agendas under the banner of justice."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":8296.51,"end":8296.67},{"text":"universal","start":8296.67,"end":8297.19},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":8297.19,"end":8297.79},{"text":"must","start":8297.79,"end":8298.11},{"text":"remain","start":8298.11,"end":8298.67},{"text":"impartial,","start":8298.99,"end":8299.87},{"text":"predictable","start":8300.27,"end":8300.99},{"text":"and","start":8301.23,"end":8301.43},{"text":"non-selective.","start":8301.43,"end":8302.19}]},{"text":"Selective or politically motivated invocation of such principle erodes trust and undermines its credibility.","start":8302.91,"end":8311.87,"topics":[{"key":"politicization-and-selective-use","label":"Politicization and Selective Use","description":"A widely shared concern was that universal jurisdiction can be abused for political, discriminatory, or selective purposes. Delegations warned against using domestic courts to target foreign officials or advance geopolitical agendas under the banner of justice."}],"words":[{"text":"Selective","start":8302.91,"end":8303.55},{"text":"or","start":8303.71,"end":8303.87},{"text":"politically","start":8303.87,"end":8304.43},{"text":"motivated","start":8304.43,"end":8305.07},{"text":"invocation","start":8305.07,"end":8305.87},{"text":"of","start":8306.11,"end":8306.43},{"text":"such","start":8306.51,"end":8306.91},{"text":"principle","start":8306.91,"end":8307.55},{"text":"erodes","start":8307.95,"end":8308.67},{"text":"trust","start":8308.79,"end":8309.39},{"text":"and","start":8309.63,"end":8309.83},{"text":"undermines","start":8309.83,"end":8310.59},{"text":"its","start":8310.83,"end":8311.15},{"text":"credibility.","start":8311.15,"end":8311.87}]},{"text":"All states, must act with integrity to ensure that universal jurisdiction serves justice rather than power.","start":8312.59,"end":8321.15,"topics":[{"key":"politicization-and-selective-use","label":"Politicization and Selective Use","description":"A widely shared concern was that universal jurisdiction can be abused for political, discriminatory, or selective purposes. Delegations warned against using domestic courts to target foreign officials or advance geopolitical agendas under the banner of justice."}],"words":[{"text":"All","start":8312.59,"end":8312.99},{"text":"states,","start":8312.99,"end":8313.55},{"text":"must","start":8313.99,"end":8314.27},{"text":"act","start":8314.27,"end":8314.75},{"text":"with","start":8314.83,"end":8315.07},{"text":"integrity","start":8315.07,"end":8315.95},{"text":"to","start":8316.03,"end":8316.23},{"text":"ensure","start":8316.23,"end":8316.59},{"text":"that","start":8316.59,"end":8316.99},{"text":"universal","start":8317.31,"end":8317.87},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":8317.87,"end":8318.51},{"text":"serves","start":8318.51,"end":8318.99},{"text":"justice","start":8319.23,"end":8319.87},{"text":"rather","start":8320.11,"end":8320.43},{"text":"than","start":8320.43,"end":8320.59},{"text":"power.","start":8320.59,"end":8321.15}]},{"text":"Mr. Chair, at the sixth committee prepares for the working groups deliberations next year, Bangladesh urges member states to engage with an open mind and a common purpose to clarify the scope, conditions and safeguards of universal jurisdictions.","start":8321.95,"end":8338.91,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."},{"key":"procedural-safeguards","label":"Procedural Safeguards","description":"Many delegations called for procedural limits to ensure fair and disciplined use of universal jurisdiction. Frequently mentioned safeguards included the presence of the accused in the forum state, due process guarantees, prior consultation with concerned states, high-level prosecutorial review, and protection against duplicative proceedings."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":8321.95,"end":8322.27},{"text":"Chair,","start":8322.27,"end":8322.67},{"text":"at","start":8324.03,"end":8324.23},{"text":"the","start":8324.23,"end":8324.31},{"text":"sixth","start":8324.31,"end":8324.59},{"text":"committee","start":8324.59,"end":8325.15},{"text":"prepares","start":8325.55,"end":8326.03},{"text":"for","start":8326.03,"end":8326.19},{"text":"the","start":8326.19,"end":8326.35},{"text":"working","start":8326.35,"end":8326.71},{"text":"groups","start":8326.71,"end":8326.95},{"text":"deliberations","start":8326.95,"end":8327.63},{"text":"next","start":8327.63,"end":8327.87},{"text":"year,","start":8327.87,"end":8328.19},{"text":"Bangladesh","start":8328.59,"end":8329.15},{"text":"urges","start":8329.15,"end":8329.71},{"text":"member","start":8329.71,"end":8330.03},{"text":"states","start":8330.03,"end":8330.35},{"text":"to","start":8330.35,"end":8330.51},{"text":"engage","start":8330.51,"end":8330.91},{"text":"with","start":8330.91,"end":8331.11},{"text":"an","start":8331.11,"end":8331.23},{"text":"open","start":8331.23,"end":8331.55},{"text":"mind","start":8331.55,"end":8331.95},{"text":"and","start":8332.35,"end":8332.51},{"text":"a","start":8332.51,"end":8332.55},{"text":"common","start":8332.55,"end":8332.91},{"text":"purpose","start":8332.91,"end":8333.55},{"text":"to","start":8333.71,"end":8333.83},{"text":"clarify","start":8333.83,"end":8334.35},{"text":"the","start":8334.35,"end":8334.47},{"text":"scope,","start":8334.47,"end":8334.99},{"text":"conditions","start":8335.47,"end":8336.27},{"text":"and","start":8336.59,"end":8336.83},{"text":"safeguards","start":8336.83,"end":8337.47},{"text":"of","start":8337.47,"end":8337.67},{"text":"universal","start":8337.67,"end":8338.11},{"text":"jurisdictions.","start":8338.11,"end":8338.91}]},{"text":"and to ensure that it contributes to global justice while respecting the sovereign equality of all states.","start":8339.83,"end":8347.43,"topics":[{"key":"sovereignty-and-immunities","label":"Sovereignty and Immunities","description":"Many statements emphasized that the exercise of universal jurisdiction must respect sovereign equality, non-interference, territorial integrity, and the immunities of state officials under international law. Several delegations warned that ignoring these principles would damage interstate relations and the legitimacy of the legal system."}],"words":[{"text":"and","start":8339.83,"end":8339.99},{"text":"to","start":8340.15,"end":8340.27},{"text":"ensure","start":8340.31,"end":8340.79},{"text":"that","start":8340.79,"end":8341.11},{"text":"it","start":8341.35,"end":8341.51},{"text":"contributes","start":8341.51,"end":8342.23},{"text":"to","start":8342.23,"end":8342.35},{"text":"global","start":8342.35,"end":8342.71},{"text":"justice","start":8342.71,"end":8343.35},{"text":"while","start":8343.63,"end":8343.95},{"text":"respecting","start":8343.95,"end":8344.71},{"text":"the","start":8344.95,"end":8345.11},{"text":"sovereign","start":8345.11,"end":8345.59},{"text":"equality","start":8345.59,"end":8346.23},{"text":"of","start":8346.31,"end":8346.55},{"text":"all","start":8346.55,"end":8346.87},{"text":"states.","start":8346.87,"end":8347.43}]},{"text":"Bangladesh remains committed to work with all member states in this regard.","start":8348.15,"end":8352.19,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Bangladesh","start":8348.15,"end":8348.63},{"text":"remains","start":8348.63,"end":8349.03},{"text":"committed","start":8349.03,"end":8349.67},{"text":"to","start":8349.83,"end":8349.99},{"text":"work","start":8349.99,"end":8350.39},{"text":"with","start":8350.39,"end":8350.55},{"text":"all","start":8350.55,"end":8350.79},{"text":"member","start":8350.79,"end":8351.11},{"text":"states","start":8351.11,"end":8351.51},{"text":"in","start":8351.51,"end":8351.63},{"text":"this","start":8351.63,"end":8351.83},{"text":"regard.","start":8351.83,"end":8352.19}]},{"text":"I thank you, Mr. Chair.","start":8352.47,"end":8353.51,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":8352.47,"end":8352.63},{"text":"thank","start":8352.63,"end":8352.87},{"text":"you,","start":8352.87,"end":8352.95},{"text":"Mr.","start":8352.95,"end":8353.19},{"text":"Chair.","start":8353.19,"end":8353.51}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"BGD","affiliation_full":"Bangladesh","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":61,"start":8355.75,"pageUrl":"/en/ga/c6/80/23?t=8356","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank you too and I'm now turning to the delegate of the United Arab Emirates.","start":8355.75,"end":8360.23,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":8355.75,"end":8355.91},{"text":"thank","start":8355.91,"end":8356.15},{"text":"you","start":8356.15,"end":8356.31},{"text":"too","start":8356.31,"end":8356.79},{"text":"and","start":8356.79,"end":8356.95},{"text":"I'm","start":8356.95,"end":8357.15},{"text":"now","start":8357.15,"end":8357.35},{"text":"turning","start":8357.35,"end":8357.75},{"text":"to","start":8357.75,"end":8357.87},{"text":"the","start":8357.87,"end":8357.95},{"text":"delegate","start":8357.95,"end":8358.55},{"text":"of","start":8358.55,"end":8358.71},{"text":"the","start":8358.71,"end":8358.79},{"text":"United","start":8358.79,"end":8359.31},{"text":"Arab","start":8359.31,"end":8359.59},{"text":"Emirates.","start":8359.59,"end":8360.23}]},{"text":"You have the floor.","start":8360.23,"end":8360.95,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"You","start":8360.23,"end":8360.35},{"text":"have","start":8360.35,"end":8360.47},{"text":"the","start":8360.47,"end":8360.55},{"text":"floor.","start":8360.55,"end":8360.95}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"6th Committee","affiliation_full":"6th Committee","group":null,"function":"Vice-Chair"}},{"statement_number":62,"start":8371.39,"pageUrl":"/en/ga/c6/80/23?t=8372","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Mr. Chair, at the outset, my delegation wishes to thank the Secretary-General for his report on the scope and application of the principle of universal jurisdiction, and to Member States for their continued engagement on this important topic.","start":8371.39,"end":8386.27,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":8371.39,"end":8371.71},{"text":"Chair,","start":8371.71,"end":8372.03},{"text":"at","start":8372.19,"end":8372.59},{"text":"the","start":8372.59,"end":8372.79},{"text":"outset,","start":8372.79,"end":8373.23},{"text":"my","start":8373.23,"end":8373.47},{"text":"delegation","start":8373.47,"end":8374.11},{"text":"wishes","start":8374.19,"end":8374.67},{"text":"to","start":8374.67,"end":8374.87},{"text":"thank","start":8374.87,"end":8375.19},{"text":"the","start":8375.19,"end":8375.31},{"text":"Secretary-General","start":8375.31,"end":8376.19},{"text":"for","start":8376.19,"end":8376.35},{"text":"his","start":8376.35,"end":8376.59},{"text":"report","start":8376.59,"end":8377.15},{"text":"on","start":8377.15,"end":8377.47},{"text":"the","start":8377.47,"end":8377.67},{"text":"scope","start":8377.67,"end":8378.03},{"text":"and","start":8378.03,"end":8378.23},{"text":"application","start":8378.23,"end":8378.99},{"text":"of","start":8378.99,"end":8379.15},{"text":"the","start":8379.15,"end":8379.23},{"text":"principle","start":8379.23,"end":8379.75},{"text":"of","start":8379.79,"end":8379.95},{"text":"universal","start":8379.95,"end":8380.59},{"text":"jurisdiction,","start":8380.67,"end":8381.39},{"text":"and","start":8382.11,"end":8382.39},{"text":"to","start":8382.39,"end":8382.51},{"text":"Member","start":8382.51,"end":8382.79},{"text":"States","start":8382.79,"end":8383.23},{"text":"for","start":8383.23,"end":8383.39},{"text":"their","start":8383.39,"end":8383.63},{"text":"continued","start":8383.63,"end":8384.31},{"text":"engagement","start":8384.31,"end":8384.99},{"text":"on","start":8384.99,"end":8385.15},{"text":"this","start":8385.15,"end":8385.35},{"text":"important","start":8385.35,"end":8385.91},{"text":"topic.","start":8385.91,"end":8386.27}]},{"text":"The United Arab Emirates reaffirms its unwavering commitment to the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations and to international law.","start":8387.15,"end":8396.87,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":8387.15,"end":8387.31},{"text":"United","start":8387.31,"end":8387.71},{"text":"Arab","start":8387.71,"end":8388.03},{"text":"Emirates","start":8388.11,"end":8388.59},{"text":"reaffirms","start":8388.59,"end":8389.15},{"text":"its","start":8389.15,"end":8389.47},{"text":"unwavering","start":8389.47,"end":8390.03},{"text":"commitment","start":8390.03,"end":8390.67},{"text":"to","start":8390.91,"end":8391.15},{"text":"the","start":8391.15,"end":8391.31},{"text":"purposes","start":8391.31,"end":8392.11},{"text":"and","start":8392.11,"end":8392.43},{"text":"principles","start":8392.43,"end":8392.99},{"text":"of","start":8392.99,"end":8393.15},{"text":"the","start":8393.15,"end":8393.31},{"text":"Charter","start":8393.31,"end":8393.75},{"text":"of","start":8393.75,"end":8393.83},{"text":"the","start":8393.83,"end":8393.91},{"text":"United","start":8393.91,"end":8394.27},{"text":"Nations","start":8394.27,"end":8394.83},{"text":"and","start":8394.83,"end":8395.39},{"text":"to","start":8395.87,"end":8396.03},{"text":"international","start":8396.03,"end":8396.79},{"text":"law.","start":8396.79,"end":8396.87}]},{"text":"We believe that accountability for crimes of concern to the international community is a cornerstone of international community.","start":8397.71,"end":8405.71,"topics":[{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":8397.71,"end":8397.79},{"text":"believe","start":8397.79,"end":8398.19},{"text":"that","start":8398.19,"end":8398.51},{"text":"accountability","start":8398.51,"end":8399.39},{"text":"for","start":8399.39,"end":8399.63},{"text":"crimes","start":8399.63,"end":8400.19},{"text":"of","start":8400.19,"end":8400.35},{"text":"concern","start":8400.35,"end":8401.15},{"text":"to","start":8401.23,"end":8401.47},{"text":"the","start":8401.47,"end":8401.63},{"text":"international","start":8401.95,"end":8402.51},{"text":"community","start":8402.51,"end":8403.15},{"text":"is","start":8403.39,"end":8403.71},{"text":"a","start":8403.71,"end":8403.75},{"text":"cornerstone","start":8403.75,"end":8404.51},{"text":"of","start":8404.51,"end":8404.75},{"text":"international","start":8404.75,"end":8405.27},{"text":"community.","start":8405.27,"end":8405.71}]},{"text":"Mr. Chair, universal jurisdiction, when properly defined and applied, can serve as an important tool in combating impunity and ensuring that those responsible for certain serious international crimes are brought to justice.","start":8405.95,"end":8423.55,"topics":[{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":8405.95,"end":8406.23},{"text":"Chair,","start":8406.23,"end":8406.51},{"text":"universal","start":8408.35,"end":8408.99},{"text":"jurisdiction,","start":8408.99,"end":8409.71},{"text":"when","start":8410.15,"end":8410.67},{"text":"properly","start":8410.91,"end":8411.55},{"text":"defined","start":8411.55,"end":8412.19},{"text":"and","start":8412.19,"end":8412.35},{"text":"applied,","start":8412.35,"end":8412.99},{"text":"can","start":8413.63,"end":8413.87},{"text":"serve","start":8413.87,"end":8414.27},{"text":"as","start":8414.27,"end":8414.51},{"text":"an","start":8414.51,"end":8414.67},{"text":"important","start":8414.67,"end":8415.27},{"text":"tool","start":8415.27,"end":8415.63},{"text":"in","start":8415.63,"end":8415.87},{"text":"combating","start":8415.87,"end":8416.35},{"text":"impunity","start":8416.35,"end":8417.23},{"text":"and","start":8417.47,"end":8417.79},{"text":"ensuring","start":8417.83,"end":8418.43},{"text":"that","start":8418.43,"end":8418.71},{"text":"those","start":8418.71,"end":8419.23},{"text":"responsible","start":8419.31,"end":8419.95},{"text":"for","start":8419.95,"end":8420.19},{"text":"certain","start":8420.35,"end":8420.91},{"text":"serious","start":8420.91,"end":8421.39},{"text":"international","start":8421.39,"end":8421.99},{"text":"crimes","start":8421.99,"end":8422.51},{"text":"are","start":8422.51,"end":8422.75},{"text":"brought","start":8422.75,"end":8423.03},{"text":"to","start":8423.03,"end":8423.11},{"text":"justice.","start":8423.11,"end":8423.55}]},{"text":"regardless of where these serious crimes are committed or the nationality of the perpetrator.","start":8424.19,"end":8429.55,"topics":[{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."}],"words":[{"text":"regardless","start":8424.19,"end":8424.83},{"text":"of","start":8424.83,"end":8425.15},{"text":"where","start":8425.15,"end":8425.47},{"text":"these","start":8425.47,"end":8425.87},{"text":"serious","start":8425.87,"end":8426.19},{"text":"crimes","start":8426.19,"end":8426.63},{"text":"are","start":8426.63,"end":8426.75},{"text":"committed","start":8426.75,"end":8427.23},{"text":"or","start":8427.23,"end":8427.55},{"text":"the","start":8427.55,"end":8427.75},{"text":"nationality","start":8427.75,"end":8428.35},{"text":"of","start":8428.35,"end":8428.67},{"text":"the","start":8428.67,"end":8428.83},{"text":"perpetrator.","start":8428.83,"end":8429.55}]},{"text":"In this regard, international cooperation is important to prevent impunity and foster such accountability for violations of international law, which trigger individual responsibility.","start":8430.11,"end":8441.15,"topics":[{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."},{"key":"cooperation-and-national-capacity","label":"International Cooperation and National Capacity","description":"A recurring topic was the need to strengthen domestic justice systems and expand cooperation through extradition, mutual legal assistance, and judicial coordination. Delegations argued that stronger national capacity and better interstate cooperation are essential both to combat impunity and to reduce overreliance on universal jurisdiction."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":8430.11,"end":8430.19},{"text":"this","start":8430.19,"end":8430.43},{"text":"regard,","start":8430.43,"end":8430.83},{"text":"international","start":8430.91,"end":8431.59},{"text":"cooperation","start":8431.59,"end":8432.27},{"text":"is","start":8432.27,"end":8432.43},{"text":"important","start":8432.43,"end":8433.03},{"text":"to","start":8433.03,"end":8433.15},{"text":"prevent","start":8433.15,"end":8433.55},{"text":"impunity","start":8433.55,"end":8434.27},{"text":"and","start":8434.27,"end":8434.63},{"text":"foster","start":8434.67,"end":8435.07},{"text":"such","start":8435.07,"end":8435.35},{"text":"accountability","start":8435.35,"end":8436.19},{"text":"for","start":8436.19,"end":8436.51},{"text":"violations","start":8436.51,"end":8437.11},{"text":"of","start":8437.11,"end":8437.23},{"text":"international","start":8437.23,"end":8438.07},{"text":"law,","start":8438.07,"end":8438.15},{"text":"which","start":8438.55,"end":8438.91},{"text":"trigger","start":8438.91,"end":8439.47},{"text":"individual","start":8439.63,"end":8440.27},{"text":"responsibility.","start":8440.35,"end":8441.15}]},{"text":"It is imperative not to politicize the use of universal jurisdiction.","start":8444.19,"end":8449.47,"topics":[{"key":"politicization-and-selective-use","label":"Politicization and Selective Use","description":"A widely shared concern was that universal jurisdiction can be abused for political, discriminatory, or selective purposes. Delegations warned against using domestic courts to target foreign officials or advance geopolitical agendas under the banner of justice."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":8444.19,"end":8444.27},{"text":"is","start":8444.27,"end":8444.39},{"text":"imperative","start":8444.39,"end":8444.99},{"text":"not","start":8445.23,"end":8445.75},{"text":"to","start":8445.75,"end":8445.87},{"text":"politicize","start":8445.87,"end":8446.99},{"text":"the","start":8446.99,"end":8447.23},{"text":"use","start":8447.23,"end":8447.63},{"text":"of","start":8447.63,"end":8447.95},{"text":"universal","start":8447.95,"end":8448.67},{"text":"jurisdiction.","start":8448.75,"end":8449.47}]},{"text":"Its application must operate in harmony with general principles of international law, including sovereign equality and non-interference in the internal affairs of states, so as not to erode their mutual trust and weaken cooperation in the fight against impunity.","start":8449.71,"end":8466.27,"topics":[{"key":"sovereignty-and-immunities","label":"Sovereignty and Immunities","description":"Many statements emphasized that the exercise of universal jurisdiction must respect sovereign equality, non-interference, territorial integrity, and the immunities of state officials under international law. Several delegations warned that ignoring these principles would damage interstate relations and the legitimacy of the legal system."},{"key":"cooperation-and-national-capacity","label":"International Cooperation and National Capacity","description":"A recurring topic was the need to strengthen domestic justice systems and expand cooperation through extradition, mutual legal assistance, and judicial coordination. Delegations argued that stronger national capacity and better interstate cooperation are essential both to combat impunity and to reduce overreliance on universal jurisdiction."},{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."}],"words":[{"text":"Its","start":8449.71,"end":8449.95},{"text":"application","start":8449.95,"end":8450.51},{"text":"must","start":8450.51,"end":8450.83},{"text":"operate","start":8450.83,"end":8451.31},{"text":"in","start":8451.31,"end":8451.55},{"text":"harmony","start":8451.55,"end":8452.03},{"text":"with","start":8452.03,"end":8452.43},{"text":"general","start":8452.43,"end":8452.83},{"text":"principles","start":8452.83,"end":8453.31},{"text":"of","start":8453.31,"end":8453.39},{"text":"international","start":8453.39,"end":8454.39},{"text":"law,","start":8454.39,"end":8454.47},{"text":"including","start":8454.91,"end":8455.39},{"text":"sovereign","start":8455.39,"end":8455.87},{"text":"equality","start":8455.87,"end":8456.51},{"text":"and","start":8456.51,"end":8456.67},{"text":"non-interference","start":8456.67,"end":8457.47},{"text":"in","start":8457.47,"end":8457.63},{"text":"the","start":8457.63,"end":8457.75},{"text":"internal","start":8457.75,"end":8458.11},{"text":"affairs","start":8458.11,"end":8458.55},{"text":"of","start":8458.55,"end":8458.67},{"text":"states,","start":8458.67,"end":8459.15},{"text":"so","start":8459.47,"end":8459.79},{"text":"as","start":8459.79,"end":8460.11},{"text":"not","start":8460.11,"end":8460.59},{"text":"to","start":8460.67,"end":8460.83},{"text":"erode","start":8460.83,"end":8461.39},{"text":"their","start":8461.47,"end":8461.71},{"text":"mutual","start":8461.71,"end":8462.11},{"text":"trust","start":8462.11,"end":8462.51},{"text":"and","start":8462.59,"end":8462.99},{"text":"weaken","start":8462.99,"end":8463.47},{"text":"cooperation","start":8463.47,"end":8464.27},{"text":"in","start":8464.43,"end":8464.75},{"text":"the","start":8464.75,"end":8464.95},{"text":"fight","start":8464.99,"end":8465.31},{"text":"against","start":8465.31,"end":8465.63},{"text":"impunity.","start":8465.63,"end":8466.27}]},{"text":"In this regard, the UAE wishes to make the following brief points.","start":8467.39,"end":8471.55,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":8467.39,"end":8467.55},{"text":"this","start":8467.55,"end":8467.79},{"text":"regard,","start":8467.79,"end":8468.19},{"text":"the","start":8468.51,"end":8468.71},{"text":"UAE","start":8468.71,"end":8469.23},{"text":"wishes","start":8469.31,"end":8469.79},{"text":"to","start":8469.79,"end":8470.07},{"text":"make","start":8470.07,"end":8470.27},{"text":"the","start":8470.27,"end":8470.43},{"text":"following","start":8470.43,"end":8470.83},{"text":"brief","start":8470.83,"end":8471.19},{"text":"points.","start":8471.19,"end":8471.55}]},{"text":"First, The UAE believes that universal jurisdiction has a complementary and subsidiary character.","start":8471.87,"end":8481.63,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiarity-and-last-resort","label":"Subsidiarity and Last Resort","description":"Numerous speakers argued that universal jurisdiction should be secondary to territorial, nationality-based, or other closer jurisdictional links. In this view, it should be used only when the state with primary jurisdiction is unwilling or unable genuinely to investigate and prosecute."}],"words":[{"text":"First,","start":8471.87,"end":8472.27},{"text":"The","start":8473.67,"end":8473.71},{"text":"UAE","start":8473.71,"end":8474.27},{"text":"believes","start":8475.47,"end":8475.95},{"text":"that","start":8475.95,"end":8476.35},{"text":"universal","start":8476.35,"end":8477.15},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":8477.39,"end":8478.11},{"text":"has","start":8478.11,"end":8478.43},{"text":"a","start":8478.43,"end":8478.51},{"text":"complementary","start":8478.51,"end":8479.63},{"text":"and","start":8479.71,"end":8480.11},{"text":"subsidiary","start":8480.11,"end":8481.07},{"text":"character.","start":8481.07,"end":8481.63}]},{"text":"It should not be exercised to the detriment of other jurisdictional bases, such as territorial, active and passive jurisdiction.","start":8482.03,"end":8491.39,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiarity-and-last-resort","label":"Subsidiarity and Last Resort","description":"Numerous speakers argued that universal jurisdiction should be secondary to territorial, nationality-based, or other closer jurisdictional links. In this view, it should be used only when the state with primary jurisdiction is unwilling or unable genuinely to investigate and prosecute."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":8482.03,"end":8482.51},{"text":"should","start":8482.99,"end":8483.23},{"text":"not","start":8483.23,"end":8483.63},{"text":"be","start":8483.63,"end":8483.75},{"text":"exercised","start":8483.75,"end":8484.39},{"text":"to","start":8484.39,"end":8484.75},{"text":"the","start":8484.75,"end":8484.91},{"text":"detriment","start":8484.91,"end":8485.55},{"text":"of","start":8485.55,"end":8485.79},{"text":"other","start":8485.79,"end":8486.27},{"text":"jurisdictional","start":8486.59,"end":8487.47},{"text":"bases,","start":8487.47,"end":8487.87},{"text":"such","start":8488.11,"end":8488.51},{"text":"as","start":8488.51,"end":8488.75},{"text":"territorial,","start":8488.75,"end":8489.55},{"text":"active","start":8489.63,"end":8490.11},{"text":"and","start":8490.11,"end":8490.31},{"text":"passive","start":8490.31,"end":8490.67},{"text":"jurisdiction.","start":8490.67,"end":8491.39}]},{"text":"Prosecutorial action based on these grounds is more effective due to the direct link with the specific crime.","start":8491.95,"end":8498.83,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiarity-and-last-resort","label":"Subsidiarity and Last Resort","description":"Numerous speakers argued that universal jurisdiction should be secondary to territorial, nationality-based, or other closer jurisdictional links. In this view, it should be used only when the state with primary jurisdiction is unwilling or unable genuinely to investigate and prosecute."}],"words":[{"text":"Prosecutorial","start":8491.95,"end":8492.99},{"text":"action","start":8492.99,"end":8493.47},{"text":"based","start":8493.47,"end":8493.79},{"text":"on","start":8493.79,"end":8493.95},{"text":"these","start":8493.95,"end":8494.35},{"text":"grounds","start":8494.35,"end":8494.99},{"text":"is","start":8494.99,"end":8495.23},{"text":"more","start":8495.23,"end":8495.39},{"text":"effective","start":8495.39,"end":8495.95},{"text":"due","start":8496.03,"end":8496.43},{"text":"to","start":8496.43,"end":8496.59},{"text":"the","start":8496.59,"end":8496.79},{"text":"direct","start":8496.79,"end":8497.23},{"text":"link","start":8497.23,"end":8497.55},{"text":"with","start":8497.55,"end":8497.83},{"text":"the","start":8497.83,"end":8497.91},{"text":"specific","start":8497.91,"end":8498.39},{"text":"crime.","start":8498.39,"end":8498.83}]},{"text":"They better uphold justice for the victims.","start":8501.07,"end":8504.83,"topics":[{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."}],"words":[{"text":"They","start":8501.07,"end":8501.39},{"text":"better","start":8501.63,"end":8502.03},{"text":"uphold","start":8502.03,"end":8502.83},{"text":"justice","start":8503.63,"end":8503.95},{"text":"for","start":8503.95,"end":8504.19},{"text":"the","start":8504.19,"end":8504.31},{"text":"victims.","start":8504.31,"end":8504.83}]},{"text":"We cannot overlook in this regard the practical benefits of the territorial jurisdiction, especially in terms of easier access to relevant evidence and better understanding of the factual circumstances surrounding the crime.","start":8505.63,"end":8520.11,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiarity-and-last-resort","label":"Subsidiarity and Last Resort","description":"Numerous speakers argued that universal jurisdiction should be secondary to territorial, nationality-based, or other closer jurisdictional links. In this view, it should be used only when the state with primary jurisdiction is unwilling or unable genuinely to investigate and prosecute."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":8505.63,"end":8505.87},{"text":"cannot","start":8505.87,"end":8506.43},{"text":"overlook","start":8506.67,"end":8507.15},{"text":"in","start":8507.15,"end":8507.31},{"text":"this","start":8507.31,"end":8507.51},{"text":"regard","start":8507.51,"end":8508.03},{"text":"the","start":8508.11,"end":8508.35},{"text":"practical","start":8508.35,"end":8508.83},{"text":"benefits","start":8508.83,"end":8509.39},{"text":"of","start":8509.39,"end":8509.55},{"text":"the","start":8509.55,"end":8509.71},{"text":"territorial","start":8509.71,"end":8510.35},{"text":"jurisdiction,","start":8510.35,"end":8511.07},{"text":"especially","start":8511.19,"end":8511.75},{"text":"in","start":8511.75,"end":8511.87},{"text":"terms","start":8511.87,"end":8512.27},{"text":"of","start":8512.27,"end":8512.51},{"text":"easier","start":8512.51,"end":8512.99},{"text":"access","start":8512.99,"end":8513.39},{"text":"to","start":8513.39,"end":8513.51},{"text":"relevant","start":8513.51,"end":8513.95},{"text":"evidence","start":8513.95,"end":8514.43},{"text":"and","start":8514.91,"end":8515.39},{"text":"better","start":8515.39,"end":8515.79},{"text":"understanding","start":8515.79,"end":8516.75},{"text":"of","start":8516.83,"end":8517.07},{"text":"the","start":8517.07,"end":8517.35},{"text":"factual","start":8517.35,"end":8517.95},{"text":"circumstances","start":8517.95,"end":8518.91},{"text":"surrounding","start":8518.91,"end":8519.55},{"text":"the","start":8519.55,"end":8519.63},{"text":"crime.","start":8519.63,"end":8520.11}]},{"text":"Second, as with the exercise of all modes of jurisdiction, It is imperative to respect customary international rules concerning immunities of state officials.","start":8521.15,"end":8533.43,"topics":[{"key":"sovereignty-and-immunities","label":"Sovereignty and Immunities","description":"Many statements emphasized that the exercise of universal jurisdiction must respect sovereign equality, non-interference, territorial integrity, and the immunities of state officials under international law. Several delegations warned that ignoring these principles would damage interstate relations and the legitimacy of the legal system."}],"words":[{"text":"Second,","start":8521.15,"end":8521.71},{"text":"as","start":8522.43,"end":8522.75},{"text":"with","start":8522.75,"end":8523.03},{"text":"the","start":8523.03,"end":8523.11},{"text":"exercise","start":8523.15,"end":8523.83},{"text":"of","start":8523.83,"end":8523.95},{"text":"all","start":8524.03,"end":8524.43},{"text":"modes","start":8524.43,"end":8524.83},{"text":"of","start":8524.83,"end":8524.99},{"text":"jurisdiction,","start":8525.07,"end":8525.87},{"text":"It","start":8527.87,"end":8527.91},{"text":"is","start":8527.91,"end":8527.99},{"text":"imperative","start":8527.99,"end":8528.55},{"text":"to","start":8528.55,"end":8528.79},{"text":"respect","start":8528.79,"end":8529.35},{"text":"customary","start":8529.35,"end":8530.07},{"text":"international","start":8530.07,"end":8530.79},{"text":"rules","start":8530.79,"end":8531.27},{"text":"concerning","start":8531.27,"end":8531.87},{"text":"immunities","start":8531.91,"end":8532.55},{"text":"of","start":8532.55,"end":8532.63},{"text":"state","start":8532.63,"end":8532.87},{"text":"officials.","start":8532.87,"end":8533.43}]},{"text":"Mr. Chair, the United Arab Emirates remains firmly committed to strengthening accountability and international cooperation.","start":8533.67,"end":8541.35,"topics":[{"key":"cooperation-and-national-capacity","label":"International Cooperation and National Capacity","description":"A recurring topic was the need to strengthen domestic justice systems and expand cooperation through extradition, mutual legal assistance, and judicial coordination. Delegations argued that stronger national capacity and better interstate cooperation are essential both to combat impunity and to reduce overreliance on universal jurisdiction."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":8533.67,"end":8534.03},{"text":"Chair,","start":8534.03,"end":8534.31},{"text":"the","start":8535.11,"end":8535.31},{"text":"United","start":8535.31,"end":8535.67},{"text":"Arab","start":8535.67,"end":8535.91},{"text":"Emirates","start":8535.91,"end":8536.39},{"text":"remains","start":8536.47,"end":8536.99},{"text":"firmly","start":8536.99,"end":8537.35},{"text":"committed","start":8537.35,"end":8537.91},{"text":"to","start":8537.91,"end":8538.15},{"text":"strengthening","start":8538.15,"end":8538.87},{"text":"accountability","start":8538.87,"end":8539.83},{"text":"and","start":8539.83,"end":8540.07},{"text":"international","start":8540.07,"end":8540.71},{"text":"cooperation.","start":8540.71,"end":8541.35}]},{"text":"In this spirit, the UAE has concluded more than 100 agreements on extradition and mutual legal assistance.","start":8541.83,"end":8549.03,"topics":[{"key":"cooperation-and-national-capacity","label":"International Cooperation and National Capacity","description":"A recurring topic was the need to strengthen domestic justice systems and expand cooperation through extradition, mutual legal assistance, and judicial coordination. Delegations argued that stronger national capacity and better interstate cooperation are essential both to combat impunity and to reduce overreliance on universal jurisdiction."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":8541.83,"end":8541.99},{"text":"this","start":8541.99,"end":8542.19},{"text":"spirit,","start":8542.19,"end":8542.63},{"text":"the","start":8542.71,"end":8542.91},{"text":"UAE","start":8542.91,"end":8543.43},{"text":"has","start":8543.43,"end":8543.67},{"text":"concluded","start":8543.67,"end":8544.31},{"text":"more","start":8544.31,"end":8544.55},{"text":"than","start":8544.55,"end":8544.79},{"text":"100","start":8544.79,"end":8545.51},{"text":"agreements","start":8545.51,"end":8546.23},{"text":"on","start":8546.31,"end":8546.55},{"text":"extradition","start":8546.63,"end":8547.43},{"text":"and","start":8547.43,"end":8547.75},{"text":"mutual","start":8547.75,"end":8548.23},{"text":"legal","start":8548.23,"end":8548.47},{"text":"assistance.","start":8548.47,"end":8549.03}]},{"text":"In conclusion, the UAE stands ready to work constructively with all member states to develop a more coherent and consistent understanding of this principle and to ensure that universal jurisdiction is applied in a legally sound manner.","start":8550.87,"end":8569.59,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."},{"key":"cooperation-and-national-capacity","label":"International Cooperation and National Capacity","description":"A recurring topic was the need to strengthen domestic justice systems and expand cooperation through extradition, mutual legal assistance, and judicial coordination. 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States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"Brazil","start":8581.79,"end":8582.15},{"text":"thanks","start":8582.15,"end":8582.71},{"text":"the","start":8582.71,"end":8582.91},{"text":"Secretary-General","start":8582.91,"end":8583.99},{"text":"for","start":8583.99,"end":8584.15},{"text":"the","start":8584.15,"end":8584.23},{"text":"report","start":8584.23,"end":8584.67},{"text":"on","start":8584.67,"end":8584.75},{"text":"the","start":8584.75,"end":8584.87},{"text":"scope","start":8584.87,"end":8585.23},{"text":"and","start":8585.23,"end":8585.39},{"text":"application","start":8585.39,"end":8586.15},{"text":"of","start":8586.15,"end":8586.23},{"text":"the","start":8586.23,"end":8586.35},{"text":"principle","start":8586.35,"end":8586.83},{"text":"of","start":8586.83,"end":8586.95},{"text":"universal","start":8586.95,"end":8587.43},{"text":"jurisdiction.","start":8587.43,"end":8588.15}]},{"text":"The diverse views expressed by governments and other relevant stakeholders reflected in the document demonstrate that state practice is still moving towards greater uniformity.","start":8589.03,"end":8599.91,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":8589.03,"end":8589.23},{"text":"diverse","start":8589.23,"end":8589.83},{"text":"views","start":8589.83,"end":8590.19},{"text":"expressed","start":8590.19,"end":8590.71},{"text":"by","start":8590.71,"end":8590.87},{"text":"governments","start":8590.87,"end":8591.59},{"text":"and","start":8591.59,"end":8591.83},{"text":"other","start":8591.83,"end":8592.11},{"text":"relevant","start":8592.11,"end":8592.51},{"text":"stakeholders","start":8592.51,"end":8593.19},{"text":"reflected","start":8593.19,"end":8593.83},{"text":"in","start":8593.83,"end":8593.99},{"text":"the","start":8593.99,"end":8594.11},{"text":"document","start":8594.11,"end":8594.71},{"text":"demonstrate","start":8595.11,"end":8595.75},{"text":"that","start":8595.75,"end":8595.99},{"text":"state","start":8595.99,"end":8596.27},{"text":"practice","start":8596.27,"end":8596.87},{"text":"is","start":8596.87,"end":8597.11},{"text":"still","start":8597.11,"end":8597.75},{"text":"moving","start":8597.75,"end":8598.23},{"text":"towards","start":8598.23,"end":8598.71},{"text":"greater","start":8598.71,"end":8599.19},{"text":"uniformity.","start":8599.19,"end":8599.91}]},{"text":"The exercise of jurisdiction is subject to clear limits.","start":8600.87,"end":8604.63,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":8600.87,"end":8601.03},{"text":"exercise","start":8601.03,"end":8601.71},{"text":"of","start":8601.71,"end":8601.83},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":8601.83,"end":8602.63},{"text":"is","start":8602.95,"end":8603.11},{"text":"subject","start":8603.11,"end":8603.63},{"text":"to","start":8603.63,"end":8603.71},{"text":"clear","start":8603.71,"end":8604.07},{"text":"limits.","start":8604.07,"end":8604.63}]},{"text":"It must comply with the principles of sovereign equality among all states and non-intervention in domestic affairs, as established by the UN Charter.","start":8605.43,"end":8614.51,"topics":[{"key":"sovereignty-and-immunities","label":"Sovereignty and Immunities","description":"Many statements emphasized that the exercise of universal jurisdiction must respect sovereign equality, non-interference, territorial integrity, and the immunities of state officials under international law. Several delegations warned that ignoring these principles would damage interstate relations and the legitimacy of the legal system."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":8605.43,"end":8605.51},{"text":"must","start":8605.51,"end":8605.79},{"text":"comply","start":8605.79,"end":8606.23},{"text":"with","start":8606.23,"end":8606.39},{"text":"the","start":8606.39,"end":8606.47},{"text":"principles","start":8606.47,"end":8606.99},{"text":"of","start":8606.99,"end":8607.11},{"text":"sovereign","start":8607.11,"end":8607.55},{"text":"equality","start":8607.55,"end":8608.23},{"text":"among","start":8608.23,"end":8608.55},{"text":"all","start":8608.55,"end":8608.79},{"text":"states","start":8608.79,"end":8609.43},{"text":"and","start":8609.43,"end":8609.71},{"text":"non-intervention","start":8609.71,"end":8610.63},{"text":"in","start":8610.63,"end":8610.79},{"text":"domestic","start":8610.79,"end":8611.27},{"text":"affairs,","start":8611.27,"end":8611.75},{"text":"as","start":8612.47,"end":8612.71},{"text":"established","start":8612.71,"end":8613.27},{"text":"by","start":8613.27,"end":8613.51},{"text":"the","start":8613.51,"end":8613.63},{"text":"UN","start":8613.63,"end":8613.99},{"text":"Charter.","start":8613.99,"end":8614.51}]},{"text":"The principle of universal jurisdiction is exceptional and should only be applied in a responsible and judicious manner based on objective parameters.","start":8615.67,"end":8625.67,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":8615.67,"end":8615.79},{"text":"principle","start":8615.79,"end":8616.31},{"text":"of","start":8616.47,"end":8616.63},{"text":"universal","start":8616.63,"end":8617.27},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":8617.27,"end":8618.07},{"text":"is","start":8618.23,"end":8618.39},{"text":"exceptional","start":8618.39,"end":8619.11},{"text":"and","start":8619.43,"end":8619.59},{"text":"should","start":8619.59,"end":8619.91},{"text":"only","start":8619.91,"end":8620.23},{"text":"be","start":8620.23,"end":8620.39},{"text":"applied","start":8620.39,"end":8620.87},{"text":"in","start":8620.87,"end":8621.03},{"text":"a","start":8621.03,"end":8621.07},{"text":"responsible","start":8621.07,"end":8621.91},{"text":"and","start":8621.91,"end":8622.15},{"text":"judicious","start":8622.15,"end":8622.71},{"text":"manner","start":8622.71,"end":8623.19},{"text":"based","start":8623.51,"end":8624.07},{"text":"on","start":8624.07,"end":8624.31},{"text":"objective","start":8624.31,"end":8624.87},{"text":"parameters.","start":8624.87,"end":8625.67}]},{"text":"In this regard, I would like to make three points.","start":8626.55,"end":8629.19,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":8626.55,"end":8626.71},{"text":"this","start":8626.71,"end":8626.87},{"text":"regard,","start":8626.87,"end":8627.27},{"text":"I","start":8627.27,"end":8627.43},{"text":"would","start":8627.43,"end":8627.55},{"text":"like","start":8627.55,"end":8627.75},{"text":"to","start":8627.75,"end":8627.87},{"text":"make","start":8627.87,"end":8628.23},{"text":"three","start":8628.39,"end":8628.71},{"text":"points.","start":8628.71,"end":8629.19}]},{"text":"First, the exercise of state jurisdiction based solely on the universal principles should be limited to the most serious international crimes resulting from serious violations of pre-emptory norms of international law such as genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes and torture as proscribed in relevant international law.","start":8630.31,"end":8651.19,"topics":[{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."}],"words":[{"text":"First,","start":8630.31,"end":8630.83},{"text":"the","start":8630.83,"end":8630.99},{"text":"exercise","start":8630.99,"end":8631.63},{"text":"of","start":8631.63,"end":8631.71},{"text":"state","start":8631.71,"end":8632.03},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":8632.03,"end":8632.67},{"text":"based","start":8632.67,"end":8633.23},{"text":"solely","start":8633.23,"end":8633.87},{"text":"on","start":8633.87,"end":8634.03},{"text":"the","start":8634.03,"end":8634.15},{"text":"universal","start":8634.15,"end":8634.71},{"text":"principles","start":8634.71,"end":8635.31},{"text":"should","start":8635.31,"end":8635.55},{"text":"be","start":8635.55,"end":8635.71},{"text":"limited","start":8635.71,"end":8636.19},{"text":"to","start":8636.19,"end":8636.31},{"text":"the","start":8636.31,"end":8636.39},{"text":"most","start":8636.39,"end":8636.71},{"text":"serious","start":8636.71,"end":8637.15},{"text":"international","start":8637.15,"end":8637.83},{"text":"crimes","start":8637.83,"end":8638.35},{"text":"resulting","start":8638.83,"end":8639.31},{"text":"from","start":8639.31,"end":8639.55},{"text":"serious","start":8639.55,"end":8640.07},{"text":"violations","start":8640.07,"end":8640.71},{"text":"of","start":8640.71,"end":8640.83},{"text":"pre-emptory","start":8640.83,"end":8641.31},{"text":"norms","start":8641.31,"end":8641.67},{"text":"of","start":8641.67,"end":8641.79},{"text":"international","start":8641.79,"end":8642.67},{"text":"law","start":8642.67,"end":8642.75},{"text":"such","start":8642.99,"end":8643.31},{"text":"as","start":8643.31,"end":8643.47},{"text":"genocide,","start":8643.47,"end":8644.19},{"text":"crimes","start":8644.43,"end":8644.83},{"text":"against","start":8644.83,"end":8645.15},{"text":"humanity,","start":8645.15,"end":8645.87},{"text":"war","start":8646.03,"end":8646.35},{"text":"crimes","start":8646.35,"end":8646.91},{"text":"and","start":8646.99,"end":8647.27},{"text":"torture","start":8647.27,"end":8647.87},{"text":"as","start":8648.35,"end":8648.75},{"text":"proscribed","start":8648.75,"end":8649.39},{"text":"in","start":8649.39,"end":8649.59},{"text":"relevant","start":8649.59,"end":8650.11},{"text":"international","start":8650.19,"end":8651.11},{"text":"law.","start":8651.11,"end":8651.19}]},{"text":"Second, The principle of universal jurisdiction is subsidiary to connecting factors such as territoriality and nationality.","start":8652.67,"end":8660.95,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiarity-and-last-resort","label":"Subsidiarity and Last Resort","description":"Numerous speakers argued that universal jurisdiction should be secondary to territorial, nationality-based, or other closer jurisdictional links. In this view, it should be used only when the state with primary jurisdiction is unwilling or unable genuinely to investigate and prosecute."}],"words":[{"text":"Second,","start":8652.67,"end":8653.39},{"text":"The","start":8653.87,"end":8653.91},{"text":"principle","start":8653.91,"end":8654.39},{"text":"of","start":8654.39,"end":8654.51},{"text":"universal","start":8654.51,"end":8655.11},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":8655.11,"end":8655.91},{"text":"is","start":8656.07,"end":8656.31},{"text":"subsidiary","start":8656.31,"end":8657.11},{"text":"to","start":8657.19,"end":8657.35},{"text":"connecting","start":8657.35,"end":8657.83},{"text":"factors","start":8657.83,"end":8658.39},{"text":"such","start":8658.39,"end":8658.75},{"text":"as","start":8658.75,"end":8658.87},{"text":"territoriality","start":8658.87,"end":8659.91},{"text":"and","start":8659.91,"end":8660.11},{"text":"nationality.","start":8660.11,"end":8660.95}]},{"text":"Therefore, jurisdictional priority should be given to states with the closest links to the crime.","start":8661.51,"end":8666.87,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiarity-and-last-resort","label":"Subsidiarity and Last Resort","description":"Numerous speakers argued that universal jurisdiction should be secondary to territorial, nationality-based, or other closer jurisdictional links. In this view, it should be used only when the state with primary jurisdiction is unwilling or unable genuinely to investigate and prosecute."}],"words":[{"text":"Therefore,","start":8661.51,"end":8662.19},{"text":"jurisdictional","start":8662.23,"end":8662.95},{"text":"priority","start":8662.95,"end":8663.67},{"text":"should","start":8663.67,"end":8663.99},{"text":"be","start":8663.99,"end":8664.07},{"text":"given","start":8664.07,"end":8664.47},{"text":"to","start":8664.47,"end":8664.63},{"text":"states","start":8664.63,"end":8665.19},{"text":"with","start":8665.19,"end":8665.31},{"text":"the","start":8665.31,"end":8665.39},{"text":"closest","start":8665.39,"end":8665.91},{"text":"links","start":8665.91,"end":8666.23},{"text":"to","start":8666.23,"end":8666.39},{"text":"the","start":8666.39,"end":8666.47},{"text":"crime.","start":8666.47,"end":8666.87}]},{"text":"Before invoking universal jurisdiction and opening an investigation, judicial authorities should first ensure that there are no ongoing investigations in states with a more direct relation with the crime.","start":8668.23,"end":8681.67,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiarity-and-last-resort","label":"Subsidiarity and Last Resort","description":"Numerous speakers argued that universal jurisdiction should be secondary to territorial, nationality-based, or other closer jurisdictional links. In this view, it should be used only when the state with primary jurisdiction is unwilling or unable genuinely to investigate and prosecute."},{"key":"procedural-safeguards","label":"Procedural Safeguards","description":"Many delegations called for procedural limits to ensure fair and disciplined use of universal jurisdiction. Frequently mentioned safeguards included the presence of the accused in the forum state, due process guarantees, prior consultation with concerned states, high-level prosecutorial review, and protection against duplicative proceedings."}],"words":[{"text":"Before","start":8668.23,"end":8668.71},{"text":"invoking","start":8668.71,"end":8669.35},{"text":"universal","start":8669.35,"end":8669.91},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":8669.91,"end":8670.71},{"text":"and","start":8670.71,"end":8671.03},{"text":"opening","start":8671.03,"end":8671.47},{"text":"an","start":8671.47,"end":8671.55},{"text":"investigation,","start":8671.55,"end":8672.47},{"text":"judicial","start":8672.79,"end":8673.31},{"text":"authorities","start":8673.31,"end":8673.99},{"text":"should","start":8673.99,"end":8674.15},{"text":"first","start":8674.15,"end":8674.63},{"text":"ensure","start":8674.63,"end":8675.19},{"text":"that","start":8675.35,"end":8676.07},{"text":"there","start":8676.07,"end":8676.39},{"text":"are","start":8676.39,"end":8676.55},{"text":"no","start":8676.55,"end":8676.95},{"text":"ongoing","start":8677.11,"end":8677.71},{"text":"investigations","start":8677.71,"end":8678.79},{"text":"in","start":8678.79,"end":8679.03},{"text":"states","start":8679.03,"end":8679.51},{"text":"with","start":8679.51,"end":8679.67},{"text":"a","start":8679.67,"end":8679.71},{"text":"more","start":8679.71,"end":8679.95},{"text":"direct","start":8679.95,"end":8680.47},{"text":"relation","start":8680.47,"end":8681.03},{"text":"with","start":8681.03,"end":8681.15},{"text":"the","start":8681.15,"end":8681.23},{"text":"crime.","start":8681.23,"end":8681.67}]},{"text":"the suspects or the victims.","start":8682.43,"end":8684.23,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"the","start":8682.43,"end":8682.47},{"text":"suspects","start":8682.47,"end":8683.27},{"text":"or","start":8683.27,"end":8683.43},{"text":"the","start":8683.43,"end":8683.55},{"text":"victims.","start":8683.55,"end":8684.23}]},{"text":"Furthermore, universal jurisdiction must always be in accordance with basic principles of criminal law, such as the prohibition of double jeopardy.","start":8685.11,"end":8697.35,"topics":[{"key":"procedural-safeguards","label":"Procedural Safeguards","description":"Many delegations called for procedural limits to ensure fair and disciplined use of universal jurisdiction. Frequently mentioned safeguards included the presence of the accused in the forum state, due process guarantees, prior consultation with concerned states, high-level prosecutorial review, and protection against duplicative proceedings."}],"words":[{"text":"Furthermore,","start":8685.11,"end":8685.71},{"text":"universal","start":8685.71,"end":8686.23},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":8686.23,"end":8686.95},{"text":"must","start":8686.95,"end":8687.19},{"text":"always","start":8687.19,"end":8687.67},{"text":"be","start":8687.67,"end":8687.99},{"text":"in","start":8687.99,"end":8688.15},{"text":"accordance","start":8688.15,"end":8688.87},{"text":"with","start":8688.87,"end":8689.03},{"text":"basic","start":8689.11,"end":8689.51},{"text":"principles","start":8689.51,"end":8690.15},{"text":"of","start":8690.15,"end":8690.23},{"text":"criminal","start":8690.23,"end":8690.91},{"text":"law,","start":8690.91,"end":8690.99},{"text":"such","start":8691.11,"end":8691.43},{"text":"as","start":8691.43,"end":8691.59},{"text":"the","start":8691.59,"end":8691.79},{"text":"prohibition","start":8691.79,"end":8692.71},{"text":"of","start":8692.79,"end":8692.95},{"text":"double","start":8692.95,"end":8694.43},{"text":"jeopardy.","start":8695.59,"end":8697.35}]},{"text":"A custody state with no direct link to the crime should seek the cooperation of states with primary jurisdiction over it.","start":8698.79,"end":8705.51,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiarity-and-last-resort","label":"Subsidiarity and Last Resort","description":"Numerous speakers argued that universal jurisdiction should be secondary to territorial, nationality-based, or other closer jurisdictional links. In this view, it should be used only when the state with primary jurisdiction is unwilling or unable genuinely to investigate and prosecute."},{"key":"cooperation-and-national-capacity","label":"International Cooperation and National Capacity","description":"A recurring topic was the need to strengthen domestic justice systems and expand cooperation through extradition, mutual legal assistance, and judicial coordination. Delegations argued that stronger national capacity and better interstate cooperation are essential both to combat impunity and to reduce overreliance on universal jurisdiction."}],"words":[{"text":"A","start":8698.79,"end":8698.87},{"text":"custody","start":8698.87,"end":8699.43},{"text":"state","start":8699.43,"end":8699.83},{"text":"with","start":8699.83,"end":8700.07},{"text":"no","start":8700.07,"end":8700.47},{"text":"direct","start":8700.47,"end":8700.95},{"text":"link","start":8700.95,"end":8701.23},{"text":"to","start":8701.23,"end":8701.35},{"text":"the","start":8701.35,"end":8701.43},{"text":"crime","start":8701.43,"end":8701.83},{"text":"should","start":8701.83,"end":8702.15},{"text":"seek","start":8702.15,"end":8702.47},{"text":"the","start":8702.47,"end":8702.55},{"text":"cooperation","start":8702.55,"end":8703.19},{"text":"of","start":8703.19,"end":8703.27},{"text":"states","start":8703.27,"end":8703.67},{"text":"with","start":8703.67,"end":8703.87},{"text":"primary","start":8703.87,"end":8704.31},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":8704.31,"end":8705.03},{"text":"over","start":8705.03,"end":8705.35},{"text":"it.","start":8705.35,"end":8705.51}]},{"text":"And third, the accused should be necessarily present on the territory of the forum state.","start":8706.23,"end":8712.23,"topics":[{"key":"procedural-safeguards","label":"Procedural Safeguards","description":"Many delegations called for procedural limits to ensure fair and disciplined use of universal jurisdiction. Frequently mentioned safeguards included the presence of the accused in the forum state, due process guarantees, prior consultation with concerned states, high-level prosecutorial review, and protection against duplicative proceedings."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":8706.23,"end":8706.47},{"text":"third,","start":8706.47,"end":8706.95},{"text":"the","start":8707.35,"end":8707.51},{"text":"accused","start":8707.51,"end":8708.07},{"text":"should","start":8708.07,"end":8708.31},{"text":"be","start":8708.31,"end":8708.47},{"text":"necessarily","start":8708.47,"end":8709.35},{"text":"present","start":8709.35,"end":8709.99},{"text":"on","start":8710.35,"end":8710.39},{"text":"the","start":8710.39,"end":8710.55},{"text":"territory","start":8710.55,"end":8711.15},{"text":"of","start":8711.15,"end":8711.27},{"text":"the","start":8711.27,"end":8711.35},{"text":"forum","start":8711.35,"end":8711.75},{"text":"state.","start":8711.75,"end":8712.23}]},{"text":"This is important to avoid the political use of the principle and to prevent its abuse and misuse.","start":8712.87,"end":8719.91,"topics":[{"key":"politicization-and-selective-use","label":"Politicization and Selective Use","description":"A widely shared concern was that universal jurisdiction can be abused for political, discriminatory, or selective purposes. Delegations warned against using domestic courts to target foreign officials or advance geopolitical agendas under the banner of justice."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":8712.87,"end":8713.11},{"text":"is","start":8713.11,"end":8713.23},{"text":"important","start":8713.23,"end":8714.19},{"text":"to","start":8714.19,"end":8714.27},{"text":"avoid","start":8714.27,"end":8714.87},{"text":"the","start":8714.95,"end":8715.19},{"text":"political","start":8715.19,"end":8715.67},{"text":"use","start":8715.67,"end":8715.95},{"text":"of","start":8715.95,"end":8716.07},{"text":"the","start":8716.07,"end":8716.15},{"text":"principle","start":8716.15,"end":8716.71},{"text":"and","start":8716.79,"end":8717.15},{"text":"to","start":8717.15,"end":8717.39},{"text":"prevent","start":8717.39,"end":8717.91},{"text":"its","start":8717.91,"end":8718.19},{"text":"abuse","start":8718.19,"end":8718.71},{"text":"and","start":8718.71,"end":8719.11},{"text":"misuse.","start":8719.11,"end":8719.91}]},{"text":"Mr. Chair, the application of universal jurisdiction does not override the immunities afforded to state officials from foreign criminal jurisdiction.","start":8720.95,"end":8730.23,"topics":[{"key":"sovereignty-and-immunities","label":"Sovereignty and Immunities","description":"Many statements emphasized that the exercise of universal jurisdiction must respect sovereign equality, non-interference, territorial integrity, and the immunities of state officials under international law. Several delegations warned that ignoring these principles would damage interstate relations and the legitimacy of the legal system."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":8720.95,"end":8721.27},{"text":"Chair,","start":8721.27,"end":8721.59},{"text":"the","start":8721.67,"end":8721.87},{"text":"application","start":8721.91,"end":8722.67},{"text":"of","start":8722.67,"end":8722.79},{"text":"universal","start":8722.79,"end":8723.35},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":8723.35,"end":8724.07},{"text":"does","start":8724.07,"end":8724.31},{"text":"not","start":8724.31,"end":8724.63},{"text":"override","start":8724.63,"end":8725.51},{"text":"the","start":8725.51,"end":8725.79},{"text":"immunities","start":8725.79,"end":8726.39},{"text":"afforded","start":8726.39,"end":8726.87},{"text":"to","start":8726.87,"end":8726.99},{"text":"state","start":8726.99,"end":8727.35},{"text":"officials","start":8727.35,"end":8727.99},{"text":"from","start":8728.31,"end":8728.55},{"text":"foreign","start":8728.55,"end":8728.95},{"text":"criminal","start":8728.95,"end":8729.43},{"text":"jurisdiction.","start":8729.43,"end":8730.23}]},{"text":"As noted by the International Court of Justice in the Arrest Warrant case, Jurisdiction does not imply absence of immunity, while absence of immunity does not imply jurisdiction.","start":8731.03,"end":8742.87,"topics":[{"key":"distinction-from-other-bases","label":"Distinction From Other Jurisdictional Bases","description":"Several speakers insisted that universal jurisdiction must be clearly distinguished from treaty-based obligations to extradite or prosecute, other forms of extraterritorial jurisdiction, and the jurisdiction of international criminal tribunals. They argued that conflating these concepts creates legal confusion and distorts state practice."},{"key":"sovereignty-and-immunities","label":"Sovereignty and Immunities","description":"Many statements emphasized that the exercise of universal jurisdiction must respect sovereign equality, non-interference, territorial integrity, and the immunities of state officials under international law. Several delegations warned that ignoring these principles would damage interstate relations and the legitimacy of the legal system."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":8731.03,"end":8731.35},{"text":"noted","start":8731.35,"end":8731.67},{"text":"by","start":8731.67,"end":8731.99},{"text":"the","start":8731.99,"end":8732.11},{"text":"International","start":8732.11,"end":8732.79},{"text":"Court","start":8732.79,"end":8733.07},{"text":"of","start":8733.07,"end":8733.19},{"text":"Justice","start":8733.19,"end":8733.83},{"text":"in","start":8733.83,"end":8733.99},{"text":"the","start":8733.99,"end":8734.11},{"text":"Arrest","start":8734.15,"end":8734.55},{"text":"Warrant","start":8734.55,"end":8734.95},{"text":"case,","start":8734.95,"end":8735.43},{"text":"Jurisdiction","start":8736.15,"end":8736.79},{"text":"does","start":8736.79,"end":8737.11},{"text":"not","start":8737.11,"end":8737.35},{"text":"imply","start":8737.35,"end":8737.83},{"text":"absence","start":8737.83,"end":8738.47},{"text":"of","start":8738.47,"end":8738.63},{"text":"immunity,","start":8738.63,"end":8739.35},{"text":"while","start":8739.35,"end":8739.75},{"text":"absence","start":8739.75,"end":8740.31},{"text":"of","start":8740.31,"end":8740.47},{"text":"immunity","start":8740.47,"end":8741.03},{"text":"does","start":8741.03,"end":8741.19},{"text":"not","start":8741.19,"end":8741.43},{"text":"imply","start":8741.43,"end":8741.99},{"text":"jurisdiction.","start":8741.99,"end":8742.87}]},{"text":"Brazil believes that universal jurisdiction can serve as a tool for ensuring accountability for serious international crimes and combating impunity, provided that its limits are fully respected.","start":8744.23,"end":8756.95,"topics":[{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."},{"key":"subsidiarity-and-last-resort","label":"Subsidiarity and Last Resort","description":"Numerous speakers argued that universal jurisdiction should be secondary to territorial, nationality-based, or other closer jurisdictional links. In this view, it should be used only when the state with primary jurisdiction is unwilling or unable genuinely to investigate and prosecute."}],"words":[{"text":"Brazil","start":8744.23,"end":8744.63},{"text":"believes","start":8744.63,"end":8745.19},{"text":"that","start":8745.19,"end":8745.43},{"text":"universal","start":8745.43,"end":8745.99},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":8745.99,"end":8746.63},{"text":"can","start":8746.63,"end":8747.03},{"text":"serve","start":8747.03,"end":8747.51},{"text":"as","start":8747.51,"end":8747.67},{"text":"a","start":8747.67,"end":8747.71},{"text":"tool","start":8747.71,"end":8748.15},{"text":"for","start":8748.47,"end":8748.75},{"text":"ensuring","start":8748.75,"end":8749.27},{"text":"accountability","start":8749.27,"end":8750.31},{"text":"for","start":8750.31,"end":8750.47},{"text":"serious","start":8750.47,"end":8750.87},{"text":"international","start":8750.87,"end":8751.51},{"text":"crimes","start":8751.51,"end":8752.07},{"text":"and","start":8752.07,"end":8752.39},{"text":"combating","start":8752.39,"end":8752.99},{"text":"impunity,","start":8752.99,"end":8753.67},{"text":"provided","start":8754.15,"end":8754.71},{"text":"that","start":8754.71,"end":8754.95},{"text":"its","start":8754.95,"end":8755.19},{"text":"limits","start":8755.19,"end":8755.67},{"text":"are","start":8755.67,"end":8755.87},{"text":"fully","start":8755.87,"end":8756.23},{"text":"respected.","start":8756.23,"end":8756.95}]},{"text":"The exercise of universal jurisdiction cannot be selective or arbitrary, nor should it be used to pursue interests other than those of justice.","start":8757.87,"end":8766.95,"topics":[{"key":"politicization-and-selective-use","label":"Politicization and Selective Use","description":"A widely shared concern was that universal jurisdiction can be abused for political, discriminatory, or selective purposes. Delegations warned against using domestic courts to target foreign officials or advance geopolitical agendas under the banner of justice."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":8757.87,"end":8757.91},{"text":"exercise","start":8757.91,"end":8758.51},{"text":"of","start":8758.51,"end":8758.59},{"text":"universal","start":8758.59,"end":8759.11},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":8759.11,"end":8759.75},{"text":"cannot","start":8759.75,"end":8760.07},{"text":"be","start":8760.07,"end":8760.23},{"text":"selective","start":8760.23,"end":8760.95},{"text":"or","start":8760.95,"end":8761.35},{"text":"arbitrary,","start":8761.35,"end":8762.15},{"text":"nor","start":8762.47,"end":8762.83},{"text":"should","start":8762.83,"end":8763.03},{"text":"it","start":8763.03,"end":8763.19},{"text":"be","start":8763.19,"end":8763.27},{"text":"used","start":8763.27,"end":8763.71},{"text":"to","start":8763.71,"end":8763.83},{"text":"pursue","start":8763.83,"end":8764.31},{"text":"interests","start":8764.31,"end":8765.19},{"text":"other","start":8765.19,"end":8765.39},{"text":"than","start":8765.39,"end":8765.59},{"text":"those","start":8765.59,"end":8766.07},{"text":"of","start":8766.07,"end":8766.23},{"text":"justice.","start":8766.23,"end":8766.95}]},{"text":"Thank you.","start":8767.19,"end":8767.59,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":8767.19,"end":8767.51},{"text":"you.","start":8767.51,"end":8767.59}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"BRA","affiliation_full":"Brazil","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":65,"start":8770.31,"pageUrl":"/en/ga/c6/80/23?t=8771","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank you for your statement and I'm now inviting the representative of the Islamic Republic of Iran to deliver his statement.","start":8770.31,"end":8777.23,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":8770.31,"end":8770.47},{"text":"thank","start":8770.47,"end":8770.79},{"text":"you","start":8770.79,"end":8770.95},{"text":"for","start":8770.95,"end":8771.15},{"text":"your","start":8771.15,"end":8771.27},{"text":"statement","start":8771.27,"end":8771.99},{"text":"and","start":8771.99,"end":8772.23},{"text":"I'm","start":8772.23,"end":8772.47},{"text":"now","start":8772.47,"end":8772.63},{"text":"inviting","start":8772.63,"end":8773.43},{"text":"the","start":8773.51,"end":8773.59},{"text":"representative","start":8773.59,"end":8774.39},{"text":"of","start":8774.39,"end":8774.47},{"text":"the","start":8774.47,"end":8774.59},{"text":"Islamic","start":8774.59,"end":8775.03},{"text":"Republic","start":8775.03,"end":8775.47},{"text":"of","start":8775.47,"end":8775.63},{"text":"Iran","start":8775.63,"end":8775.91},{"text":"to","start":8775.91,"end":8776.03},{"text":"deliver","start":8776.03,"end":8776.43},{"text":"his","start":8776.43,"end":8776.55},{"text":"statement.","start":8776.55,"end":8777.23}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"6th Committee","affiliation_full":"6th Committee","group":null,"function":"Vice-Chair"}},{"statement_number":66,"start":8781.27,"pageUrl":"/en/ga/c6/80/23?t=8782","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Mr. Chair.","start":8781.27,"end":8782.71,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":8781.27,"end":8781.59},{"text":"you,","start":8781.99,"end":8782.07},{"text":"Mr.","start":8782.07,"end":8782.39},{"text":"Chair.","start":8782.39,"end":8782.71}]},{"text":"My delegation, as reflected its views and observations regarding the scope and application of universal jurisdiction at the previous relevant meetings of the Sixth Committee.","start":8782.71,"end":8792.07,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"My","start":8782.71,"end":8782.87},{"text":"delegation,","start":8782.87,"end":8783.51},{"text":"as","start":8783.51,"end":8783.75},{"text":"reflected","start":8783.75,"end":8784.47},{"text":"its","start":8785.19,"end":8785.31},{"text":"views","start":8785.31,"end":8785.63},{"text":"and","start":8785.63,"end":8785.75},{"text":"observations","start":8785.75,"end":8786.39},{"text":"regarding","start":8786.39,"end":8786.79},{"text":"the","start":8786.79,"end":8786.91},{"text":"scope","start":8786.91,"end":8787.27},{"text":"and","start":8787.27,"end":8787.39},{"text":"application","start":8787.39,"end":8788.07},{"text":"of","start":8788.07,"end":8788.31},{"text":"universal","start":8788.31,"end":8788.87},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":8788.87,"end":8789.59},{"text":"at","start":8789.59,"end":8789.67},{"text":"the","start":8789.67,"end":8789.83},{"text":"previous","start":8789.83,"end":8790.39},{"text":"relevant","start":8790.39,"end":8790.79},{"text":"meetings","start":8790.79,"end":8791.15},{"text":"of","start":8791.15,"end":8791.27},{"text":"the","start":8791.27,"end":8791.35},{"text":"Sixth","start":8791.35,"end":8791.63},{"text":"Committee.","start":8791.63,"end":8792.07}]},{"text":"Our longstanding position on this matter has not changed and remained consistent.","start":8792.99,"end":8797.83,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Our","start":8792.99,"end":8793.11},{"text":"longstanding","start":8793.11,"end":8793.87},{"text":"position","start":8793.87,"end":8794.35},{"text":"on","start":8794.35,"end":8794.43},{"text":"this","start":8794.43,"end":8794.63},{"text":"matter","start":8794.63,"end":8794.95},{"text":"has","start":8794.95,"end":8795.11},{"text":"not","start":8795.11,"end":8795.43},{"text":"changed","start":8795.43,"end":8795.99},{"text":"and","start":8796.31,"end":8796.55},{"text":"remained","start":8796.55,"end":8797.03},{"text":"consistent.","start":8797.03,"end":8797.83}]},{"text":"Mr. Chair, it is understood that the main purpose of universal jurisdiction concept is to avoid impunity in commission of gross and heinous crimes that are considered as crimes committed against the interests of all.","start":8800.07,"end":8813.27,"topics":[{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":8800.07,"end":8800.39},{"text":"Chair,","start":8800.39,"end":8800.71},{"text":"it","start":8800.71,"end":8800.83},{"text":"is","start":8800.83,"end":8801.03},{"text":"understood","start":8801.03,"end":8801.59},{"text":"that","start":8801.59,"end":8801.71},{"text":"the","start":8801.71,"end":8801.83},{"text":"main","start":8801.83,"end":8802.15},{"text":"purpose","start":8802.15,"end":8802.63},{"text":"of","start":8803.03,"end":8803.27},{"text":"universal","start":8803.43,"end":8803.95},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":8803.95,"end":8804.51},{"text":"concept","start":8804.51,"end":8805.11},{"text":"is","start":8805.35,"end":8805.55},{"text":"to","start":8805.55,"end":8805.63},{"text":"avoid","start":8805.67,"end":8806.15},{"text":"impunity","start":8806.15,"end":8806.95},{"text":"in","start":8807.35,"end":8807.59},{"text":"commission","start":8807.59,"end":8808.07},{"text":"of","start":8808.07,"end":8808.19},{"text":"gross","start":8808.19,"end":8808.71},{"text":"and","start":8808.71,"end":8808.87},{"text":"heinous","start":8808.87,"end":8809.35},{"text":"crimes","start":8809.35,"end":8809.83},{"text":"that","start":8809.83,"end":8809.99},{"text":"are","start":8809.99,"end":8810.15},{"text":"considered","start":8810.23,"end":8810.87},{"text":"as","start":8810.87,"end":8811.03},{"text":"crimes","start":8811.03,"end":8811.43},{"text":"committed","start":8811.43,"end":8811.91},{"text":"against","start":8811.91,"end":8812.27},{"text":"the","start":8812.27,"end":8812.35},{"text":"interests","start":8812.35,"end":8812.87},{"text":"of","start":8812.87,"end":8812.95},{"text":"all.","start":8812.95,"end":8813.27}]},{"text":"Nevertheless, Member States have not yet reached a consensus or a common understanding as to the conceptual and legal framework of universal jurisdiction and its scope of application.","start":8814.75,"end":8825.75,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"Nevertheless,","start":8814.75,"end":8815.35},{"text":"Member","start":8815.35,"end":8815.75},{"text":"States","start":8815.75,"end":8816.15},{"text":"have","start":8816.15,"end":8816.31},{"text":"not","start":8816.31,"end":8816.55},{"text":"yet","start":8816.55,"end":8816.79},{"text":"reached","start":8816.79,"end":8817.11},{"text":"a","start":8817.19,"end":8817.23},{"text":"consensus","start":8817.23,"end":8818.07},{"text":"or","start":8818.07,"end":8818.23},{"text":"a","start":8818.23,"end":8818.27},{"text":"common","start":8818.27,"end":8818.63},{"text":"understanding","start":8818.63,"end":8819.43},{"text":"as","start":8819.91,"end":8820.19},{"text":"to","start":8820.19,"end":8820.31},{"text":"the","start":8820.31,"end":8820.39},{"text":"conceptual","start":8820.39,"end":8821.07},{"text":"and","start":8821.07,"end":8821.23},{"text":"legal","start":8821.23,"end":8821.51},{"text":"framework","start":8821.51,"end":8822.07},{"text":"of","start":8822.15,"end":8822.31},{"text":"universal","start":8822.31,"end":8822.83},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":8822.83,"end":8823.59},{"text":"and","start":8823.99,"end":8824.19},{"text":"its","start":8824.19,"end":8824.47},{"text":"scope","start":8824.47,"end":8824.79},{"text":"of","start":8824.79,"end":8824.95},{"text":"application.","start":8825.03,"end":8825.75}]},{"text":"The divergent views, uncertainties and serious questions are actually the reason for the inclusion of the present agenda item in the Sixth Committee upon the request of the Group of African States in 2009.","start":8827.91,"end":8840.27,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":8827.91,"end":8828.11},{"text":"divergent","start":8828.11,"end":8828.63},{"text":"views,","start":8828.63,"end":8829.03},{"text":"uncertainties","start":8829.19,"end":8830.15},{"text":"and","start":8830.15,"end":8830.31},{"text":"serious","start":8830.31,"end":8830.67},{"text":"questions","start":8830.67,"end":8831.35},{"text":"are","start":8831.51,"end":8831.75},{"text":"actually","start":8831.75,"end":8832.15},{"text":"the","start":8832.15,"end":8832.27},{"text":"reason","start":8832.27,"end":8832.79},{"text":"for","start":8833.19,"end":8833.35},{"text":"the","start":8833.35,"end":8833.43},{"text":"inclusion","start":8833.43,"end":8833.99},{"text":"of","start":8833.99,"end":8834.07},{"text":"the","start":8834.07,"end":8834.19},{"text":"present","start":8834.19,"end":8834.71},{"text":"agenda","start":8834.71,"end":8835.15},{"text":"item","start":8835.15,"end":8835.59},{"text":"in","start":8835.59,"end":8835.75},{"text":"the","start":8835.75,"end":8835.83},{"text":"Sixth","start":8835.83,"end":8836.11},{"text":"Committee","start":8836.11,"end":8836.63},{"text":"upon","start":8836.63,"end":8836.99},{"text":"the","start":8836.99,"end":8837.07},{"text":"request","start":8837.07,"end":8837.55},{"text":"of","start":8837.55,"end":8837.67},{"text":"the","start":8837.67,"end":8837.75},{"text":"Group","start":8837.75,"end":8838.07},{"text":"of","start":8838.07,"end":8838.23},{"text":"African","start":8838.23,"end":8838.71},{"text":"States","start":8838.71,"end":8839.11},{"text":"in","start":8839.11,"end":8839.27},{"text":"2009.","start":8839.27,"end":8840.27}]},{"text":"We would like to recall that while the International Court of Justice did not review the question of universal jurisdiction in the arrest warrant case in its judgment of 11th April 2000, a number of the court's judges raised their concerns regarding the judicial chaos that would likely arise if jurisdiction be conferred upon the courts of every state in the world to prosecute such crimes.","start":8842.07,"end":8867.15,"topics":[{"key":"sovereignty-and-immunities","label":"Sovereignty and Immunities","description":"Many statements emphasized that the exercise of universal jurisdiction must respect sovereign equality, non-interference, territorial integrity, and the immunities of state officials under international law. Several delegations warned that ignoring these principles would damage interstate relations and the legitimacy of the legal system."},{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":8842.07,"end":8842.11},{"text":"would","start":8842.15,"end":8842.27},{"text":"like","start":8842.27,"end":8842.51},{"text":"to","start":8842.51,"end":8842.59},{"text":"recall","start":8842.59,"end":8843.07},{"text":"that","start":8843.07,"end":8843.27},{"text":"while","start":8843.27,"end":8843.63},{"text":"the","start":8843.63,"end":8843.71},{"text":"International","start":8843.71,"end":8844.35},{"text":"Court","start":8844.35,"end":8844.59},{"text":"of","start":8844.59,"end":8844.67},{"text":"Justice","start":8844.67,"end":8845.15},{"text":"did","start":8845.15,"end":8845.31},{"text":"not","start":8845.31,"end":8845.63},{"text":"review","start":8845.63,"end":8846.03},{"text":"the","start":8846.03,"end":8846.19},{"text":"question","start":8846.19,"end":8846.67},{"text":"of","start":8846.67,"end":8846.75},{"text":"universal","start":8846.75,"end":8847.31},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":8847.31,"end":8847.95},{"text":"in","start":8847.95,"end":8848.03},{"text":"the","start":8848.03,"end":8848.15},{"text":"arrest","start":8848.15,"end":8848.59},{"text":"warrant","start":8848.59,"end":8848.95},{"text":"case","start":8848.95,"end":8849.47},{"text":"in","start":8850.11,"end":8850.31},{"text":"its","start":8850.31,"end":8850.43},{"text":"judgment","start":8850.43,"end":8851.03},{"text":"of","start":8851.03,"end":8851.15},{"text":"11th","start":8851.15,"end":8851.67},{"text":"April","start":8851.71,"end":8852.15},{"text":"2000,","start":8852.15,"end":8852.91},{"text":"a","start":8853.71,"end":8853.75},{"text":"number","start":8853.75,"end":8854.19},{"text":"of","start":8854.19,"end":8854.27},{"text":"the","start":8854.27,"end":8854.39},{"text":"court's","start":8854.39,"end":8855.07},{"text":"judges","start":8855.07,"end":8855.39},{"text":"raised","start":8855.39,"end":8855.75},{"text":"their","start":8855.75,"end":8855.95},{"text":"concerns","start":8855.95,"end":8856.59},{"text":"regarding","start":8856.59,"end":8857.15},{"text":"the","start":8857.15,"end":8857.27},{"text":"judicial","start":8857.27,"end":8857.79},{"text":"chaos","start":8857.79,"end":8858.43},{"text":"that","start":8858.75,"end":8858.99},{"text":"would","start":8858.99,"end":8859.23},{"text":"likely","start":8859.23,"end":8859.67},{"text":"arise","start":8859.67,"end":8860.35},{"text":"if","start":8861.23,"end":8861.47},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":8861.47,"end":8862.11},{"text":"be","start":8862.11,"end":8862.27},{"text":"conferred","start":8862.27,"end":8862.75},{"text":"upon","start":8862.75,"end":8863.15},{"text":"the","start":8863.15,"end":8863.23},{"text":"courts","start":8863.23,"end":8863.59},{"text":"of","start":8863.59,"end":8863.71},{"text":"every","start":8863.71,"end":8864.11},{"text":"state","start":8864.11,"end":8864.51},{"text":"in","start":8864.51,"end":8864.75},{"text":"the","start":8864.75,"end":8864.83},{"text":"world","start":8864.83,"end":8865.31},{"text":"to","start":8865.47,"end":8865.59},{"text":"prosecute","start":8865.59,"end":8866.35},{"text":"such","start":8866.43,"end":8866.71},{"text":"crimes.","start":8866.71,"end":8867.15}]},{"text":"Furthermore, As one of the judges of the court indicated in a separate opinion in the said case, I quote, universal jurisdiction in absentia is unknown to international conventional law, end of quote.","start":8868.75,"end":8881.87,"topics":[{"key":"procedural-safeguards","label":"Procedural Safeguards","description":"Many delegations called for procedural limits to ensure fair and disciplined use of universal jurisdiction. Frequently mentioned safeguards included the presence of the accused in the forum state, due process guarantees, prior consultation with concerned states, high-level prosecutorial review, and protection against duplicative proceedings."},{"key":"distinction-from-other-bases","label":"Distinction From Other Jurisdictional Bases","description":"Several speakers insisted that universal jurisdiction must be clearly distinguished from treaty-based obligations to extradite or prosecute, other forms of extraterritorial jurisdiction, and the jurisdiction of international criminal tribunals. They argued that conflating these concepts creates legal confusion and distorts state practice."}],"words":[{"text":"Furthermore,","start":8868.75,"end":8869.47},{"text":"As","start":8870.31,"end":8870.43},{"text":"one","start":8870.43,"end":8870.59},{"text":"of","start":8870.59,"end":8870.75},{"text":"the","start":8870.75,"end":8870.83},{"text":"judges","start":8870.83,"end":8871.23},{"text":"of","start":8871.23,"end":8871.31},{"text":"the","start":8871.31,"end":8871.43},{"text":"court","start":8871.43,"end":8871.79},{"text":"indicated","start":8871.87,"end":8872.51},{"text":"in","start":8872.51,"end":8872.63},{"text":"a","start":8872.63,"end":8872.67},{"text":"separate","start":8872.67,"end":8873.07},{"text":"opinion","start":8873.07,"end":8873.63},{"text":"in","start":8873.71,"end":8873.87},{"text":"the","start":8873.87,"end":8873.95},{"text":"said","start":8873.95,"end":8874.19},{"text":"case,","start":8874.19,"end":8874.67},{"text":"I","start":8874.91,"end":8875.07},{"text":"quote,","start":8875.07,"end":8875.55},{"text":"universal","start":8876.03,"end":8876.67},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":8876.67,"end":8877.31},{"text":"in","start":8877.31,"end":8877.39},{"text":"absentia","start":8877.39,"end":8878.11},{"text":"is","start":8878.11,"end":8878.27},{"text":"unknown","start":8878.35,"end":8878.91},{"text":"to","start":8878.91,"end":8879.03},{"text":"international","start":8879.03,"end":8879.71},{"text":"conventional","start":8879.71,"end":8880.55},{"text":"law,","start":8880.55,"end":8880.63},{"text":"end","start":8881.15,"end":8881.35},{"text":"of","start":8881.35,"end":8881.47},{"text":"quote.","start":8881.47,"end":8881.87}]},{"text":"The principle of should not be equated with the concept of universal jurisdiction.","start":8883.39,"end":8888.75,"topics":[{"key":"distinction-from-other-bases","label":"Distinction From Other Jurisdictional Bases","description":"Several speakers insisted that universal jurisdiction must be clearly distinguished from treaty-based obligations to extradite or prosecute, other forms of extraterritorial jurisdiction, and the jurisdiction of international criminal tribunals. They argued that conflating these concepts creates legal confusion and distorts state practice."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":8883.39,"end":8883.47},{"text":"principle","start":8883.47,"end":8885.31},{"text":"of","start":8885.31,"end":8885.39},{"text":"should","start":8885.39,"end":8885.67},{"text":"not","start":8885.67,"end":8885.87},{"text":"be","start":8885.87,"end":8885.99},{"text":"equated","start":8885.99,"end":8886.59},{"text":"with","start":8886.59,"end":8886.75},{"text":"the","start":8886.75,"end":8886.83},{"text":"concept","start":8886.83,"end":8887.35},{"text":"of","start":8887.35,"end":8887.47},{"text":"universal","start":8887.47,"end":8888.03},{"text":"jurisdiction.","start":8888.03,"end":8888.75}]},{"text":"Mr. Chair, we have consistently raised our concerns regarding undue growth of the scope of the principle of universal jurisdiction.","start":8894.36,"end":8902.12,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":8894.36,"end":8894.64},{"text":"Chair,","start":8894.64,"end":8895.08},{"text":"we","start":8895.64,"end":8895.84},{"text":"have","start":8895.84,"end":8896.04},{"text":"consistently","start":8896.04,"end":8896.84},{"text":"raised","start":8896.84,"end":8897.2},{"text":"our","start":8897.2,"end":8897.32},{"text":"concerns","start":8897.32,"end":8897.92},{"text":"regarding","start":8897.92,"end":8898.44},{"text":"undue","start":8898.44,"end":8898.76},{"text":"growth","start":8898.76,"end":8899.08},{"text":"of","start":8899.08,"end":8899.24},{"text":"the","start":8899.24,"end":8899.36},{"text":"scope","start":8899.36,"end":8899.76},{"text":"of","start":8899.76,"end":8899.88},{"text":"the","start":8899.88,"end":8900.04},{"text":"principle","start":8900.04,"end":8900.6},{"text":"of","start":8900.6,"end":8900.76},{"text":"universal","start":8900.92,"end":8901.48},{"text":"jurisdiction.","start":8901.48,"end":8902.12}]},{"text":"The unwarranted expansion of crimes could lead to the potential application of such jurisdiction for politically motivated purposes and could also undermine the role and the very raison d'etre of the said form of jurisdiction in combating the most egregious crimes of concern to the international community as a whole.","start":8902.95,"end":8922.71,"topics":[{"key":"politicization-and-selective-use","label":"Politicization and Selective Use","description":"A widely shared concern was that universal jurisdiction can be abused for political, discriminatory, or selective purposes. Delegations warned against using domestic courts to target foreign officials or advance geopolitical agendas under the banner of justice."},{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":8902.95,"end":8902.99},{"text":"unwarranted","start":8903.03,"end":8903.71},{"text":"expansion","start":8903.71,"end":8904.19},{"text":"of","start":8904.19,"end":8904.31},{"text":"crimes","start":8904.31,"end":8904.79},{"text":"could","start":8904.79,"end":8905.03},{"text":"lead","start":8905.03,"end":8905.27},{"text":"to","start":8905.27,"end":8905.43},{"text":"the","start":8905.43,"end":8905.51},{"text":"potential","start":8905.51,"end":8906.07},{"text":"application","start":8906.07,"end":8906.67},{"text":"of","start":8906.67,"end":8906.79},{"text":"such","start":8906.79,"end":8907.07},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":8907.07,"end":8907.83},{"text":"for","start":8908.31,"end":8908.63},{"text":"politically","start":8908.63,"end":8909.19},{"text":"motivated","start":8909.19,"end":8909.91},{"text":"purposes","start":8909.91,"end":8910.63},{"text":"and","start":8911.35,"end":8911.59},{"text":"could","start":8911.59,"end":8911.83},{"text":"also","start":8911.83,"end":8912.15},{"text":"undermine","start":8912.15,"end":8912.71},{"text":"the","start":8912.71,"end":8912.83},{"text":"role","start":8912.83,"end":8913.19},{"text":"and","start":8913.19,"end":8913.47},{"text":"the","start":8913.47,"end":8913.59},{"text":"very","start":8913.59,"end":8914.07},{"text":"raison","start":8914.07,"end":8914.47},{"text":"d'etre","start":8914.47,"end":8914.95},{"text":"of","start":8914.95,"end":8915.11},{"text":"the","start":8915.11,"end":8915.23},{"text":"said","start":8915.23,"end":8915.67},{"text":"form","start":8915.67,"end":8916.15},{"text":"of","start":8916.15,"end":8916.39},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":8916.63,"end":8917.27},{"text":"in","start":8917.27,"end":8917.43},{"text":"combating","start":8917.43,"end":8918.07},{"text":"the","start":8918.07,"end":8918.19},{"text":"most","start":8918.19,"end":8918.71},{"text":"egregious","start":8918.71,"end":8919.19},{"text":"crimes","start":8919.19,"end":8919.59},{"text":"of","start":8919.59,"end":8919.67},{"text":"concern","start":8919.67,"end":8920.31},{"text":"to","start":8920.71,"end":8920.87},{"text":"the","start":8920.87,"end":8920.95},{"text":"international","start":8920.95,"end":8921.67},{"text":"community","start":8921.67,"end":8922.19},{"text":"as","start":8922.19,"end":8922.31},{"text":"a","start":8922.31,"end":8922.35},{"text":"whole.","start":8922.35,"end":8922.71}]},{"text":"Therefore, resort to this complementary jurisdiction as well as consideration of its scope of application require prudent approach.","start":8923.83,"end":8932.39,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiarity-and-last-resort","label":"Subsidiarity and Last Resort","description":"Numerous speakers argued that universal jurisdiction should be secondary to territorial, nationality-based, or other closer jurisdictional links. In this view, it should be used only when the state with primary jurisdiction is unwilling or unable genuinely to investigate and prosecute."}],"words":[{"text":"Therefore,","start":8923.83,"end":8924.55},{"text":"resort","start":8924.79,"end":8925.23},{"text":"to","start":8925.23,"end":8925.35},{"text":"this","start":8925.35,"end":8925.51},{"text":"complementary","start":8925.51,"end":8926.39},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":8926.39,"end":8927.11},{"text":"as","start":8927.67,"end":8927.91},{"text":"well","start":8927.91,"end":8928.07},{"text":"as","start":8928.07,"end":8928.23},{"text":"consideration","start":8928.23,"end":8928.91},{"text":"of","start":8928.91,"end":8928.99},{"text":"its","start":8928.99,"end":8929.31},{"text":"scope","start":8929.31,"end":8929.59},{"text":"of","start":8929.59,"end":8929.67},{"text":"application","start":8929.91,"end":8930.71},{"text":"require","start":8930.71,"end":8931.43},{"text":"prudent","start":8931.43,"end":8931.91},{"text":"approach.","start":8931.91,"end":8932.39}]},{"text":"Mr. Chair, the Islamic Republic of Iran expresses its serious concerns regarding the proclivity of few who tend to misuse universal jurisdiction as an arbitrary tool in pursuance of unjust political objectives, in violation of the fundamental principles of international law.","start":8934.91,"end":8950.51,"topics":[{"key":"politicization-and-selective-use","label":"Politicization and Selective Use","description":"A widely shared concern was that universal jurisdiction can be abused for political, discriminatory, or selective purposes. Delegations warned against using domestic courts to target foreign officials or advance geopolitical agendas under the banner of justice."},{"key":"sovereignty-and-immunities","label":"Sovereignty and Immunities","description":"Many statements emphasized that the exercise of universal jurisdiction must respect sovereign equality, non-interference, territorial integrity, and the immunities of state officials under international law. Several delegations warned that ignoring these principles would damage interstate relations and the legitimacy of the legal system."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":8934.91,"end":8935.23},{"text":"Chair,","start":8935.23,"end":8935.63},{"text":"the","start":8935.79,"end":8935.91},{"text":"Islamic","start":8935.91,"end":8936.35},{"text":"Republic","start":8936.35,"end":8936.79},{"text":"of","start":8936.79,"end":8936.91},{"text":"Iran","start":8936.91,"end":8937.23},{"text":"expresses","start":8937.23,"end":8937.79},{"text":"its","start":8937.79,"end":8937.95},{"text":"serious","start":8937.95,"end":8938.27},{"text":"concerns","start":8938.27,"end":8938.99},{"text":"regarding","start":8939.15,"end":8939.59},{"text":"the","start":8939.59,"end":8939.67},{"text":"proclivity","start":8939.67,"end":8940.35},{"text":"of","start":8940.35,"end":8940.43},{"text":"few","start":8940.43,"end":8940.83},{"text":"who","start":8940.83,"end":8940.99},{"text":"tend","start":8940.99,"end":8941.27},{"text":"to","start":8941.27,"end":8941.35},{"text":"misuse","start":8941.35,"end":8941.79},{"text":"universal","start":8941.79,"end":8942.31},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":8942.31,"end":8942.91},{"text":"as","start":8943.47,"end":8943.67},{"text":"an","start":8943.67,"end":8943.79},{"text":"arbitrary","start":8943.79,"end":8944.43},{"text":"tool","start":8944.43,"end":8944.75},{"text":"in","start":8944.75,"end":8944.83},{"text":"pursuance","start":8944.83,"end":8945.31},{"text":"of","start":8945.31,"end":8945.43},{"text":"unjust","start":8945.43,"end":8945.79},{"text":"political","start":8945.79,"end":8946.27},{"text":"objectives,","start":8946.27,"end":8946.99},{"text":"in","start":8947.55,"end":8947.79},{"text":"violation","start":8947.79,"end":8948.31},{"text":"of","start":8948.31,"end":8948.39},{"text":"the","start":8948.39,"end":8948.47},{"text":"fundamental","start":8948.47,"end":8949.15},{"text":"principles","start":8949.15,"end":8949.63},{"text":"of","start":8949.63,"end":8949.71},{"text":"international","start":8949.71,"end":8950.43},{"text":"law.","start":8950.43,"end":8950.51}]},{"text":"The Islamic Republic of Iran rejecting such unacceptable approaches reiterates that the selective and politically motivated application of universal jurisdiction would be detrimental to the attainment of the objective sought in establishing such jurisdiction, namely ending impunity.","start":8952.83,"end":8970.11,"topics":[{"key":"politicization-and-selective-use","label":"Politicization and Selective Use","description":"A widely shared concern was that universal jurisdiction can be abused for political, discriminatory, or selective purposes. Delegations warned against using domestic courts to target foreign officials or advance geopolitical agendas under the banner of justice."},{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":8952.83,"end":8952.95},{"text":"Islamic","start":8952.95,"end":8953.35},{"text":"Republic","start":8953.35,"end":8953.75},{"text":"of","start":8953.75,"end":8953.87},{"text":"Iran","start":8953.87,"end":8954.19},{"text":"rejecting","start":8954.19,"end":8954.67},{"text":"such","start":8954.67,"end":8954.99},{"text":"unacceptable","start":8954.99,"end":8955.79},{"text":"approaches","start":8955.79,"end":8956.43},{"text":"reiterates","start":8956.75,"end":8957.47},{"text":"that","start":8957.55,"end":8957.71},{"text":"the","start":8957.71,"end":8957.79},{"text":"selective","start":8957.79,"end":8958.35},{"text":"and","start":8958.35,"end":8958.51},{"text":"politically","start":8958.51,"end":8959.07},{"text":"motivated","start":8959.07,"end":8959.67},{"text":"application","start":8959.67,"end":8960.15},{"text":"of","start":8960.15,"end":8960.27},{"text":"universal","start":8960.27,"end":8960.75},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":8960.75,"end":8961.47},{"text":"would","start":8962.03,"end":8962.11},{"text":"be","start":8962.11,"end":8962.27},{"text":"detrimental","start":8962.27,"end":8962.99},{"text":"to","start":8962.99,"end":8963.07},{"text":"the","start":8963.23,"end":8963.43},{"text":"attainment","start":8963.43,"end":8964.19},{"text":"of","start":8964.19,"end":8964.35},{"text":"the","start":8964.35,"end":8964.47},{"text":"objective","start":8964.47,"end":8964.99},{"text":"sought","start":8964.99,"end":8965.47},{"text":"in","start":8965.47,"end":8965.67},{"text":"establishing","start":8965.67,"end":8966.35},{"text":"such","start":8966.35,"end":8966.79},{"text":"jurisdiction,","start":8966.79,"end":8967.55},{"text":"namely","start":8967.95,"end":8968.59},{"text":"ending","start":8968.91,"end":8969.39},{"text":"impunity.","start":8969.39,"end":8970.11}]},{"text":"Also, in the application of universal jurisdiction that is to be invoked on the basis of treaty frameworks to which the concerned states are parties, due regard shall be had to the fundamental principles of sovereign equality, non-intervention, and territorial integrity.","start":8971.79,"end":8989.39,"topics":[{"key":"sovereignty-and-immunities","label":"Sovereignty and Immunities","description":"Many statements emphasized that the exercise of universal jurisdiction must respect sovereign equality, non-interference, territorial integrity, and the immunities of state officials under international law. Several delegations warned that ignoring these principles would damage interstate relations and the legitimacy of the legal system."},{"key":"distinction-from-other-bases","label":"Distinction From Other Jurisdictional Bases","description":"Several speakers insisted that universal jurisdiction must be clearly distinguished from treaty-based obligations to extradite or prosecute, other forms of extraterritorial jurisdiction, and the jurisdiction of international criminal tribunals. They argued that conflating these concepts creates legal confusion and distorts state practice."}],"words":[{"text":"Also,","start":8971.79,"end":8972.35},{"text":"in","start":8973.31,"end":8973.47},{"text":"the","start":8973.47,"end":8973.59},{"text":"application","start":8973.59,"end":8974.11},{"text":"of","start":8974.11,"end":8974.19},{"text":"universal","start":8974.19,"end":8974.75},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":8974.75,"end":8975.47},{"text":"that","start":8975.47,"end":8975.79},{"text":"is","start":8975.79,"end":8975.95},{"text":"to","start":8975.95,"end":8976.03},{"text":"be","start":8976.03,"end":8976.23},{"text":"invoked","start":8976.23,"end":8976.83},{"text":"on","start":8976.83,"end":8976.99},{"text":"the","start":8976.99,"end":8977.11},{"text":"basis","start":8977.11,"end":8977.63},{"text":"of","start":8977.63,"end":8977.79},{"text":"treaty","start":8977.79,"end":8978.15},{"text":"frameworks","start":8978.15,"end":8978.75},{"text":"to","start":8978.75,"end":8978.87},{"text":"which","start":8978.87,"end":8979.15},{"text":"the","start":8979.15,"end":8979.23},{"text":"concerned","start":8979.23,"end":8979.79},{"text":"states","start":8979.79,"end":8980.35},{"text":"are","start":8980.43,"end":8980.59},{"text":"parties,","start":8980.59,"end":8981.23},{"text":"due","start":8981.95,"end":8982.11},{"text":"regard","start":8982.11,"end":8982.51},{"text":"shall","start":8982.51,"end":8982.83},{"text":"be","start":8982.83,"end":8982.95},{"text":"had","start":8982.95,"end":8983.19},{"text":"to","start":8983.19,"end":8983.43},{"text":"the","start":8983.43,"end":8983.55},{"text":"fundamental","start":8983.55,"end":8984.11},{"text":"principles","start":8984.11,"end":8984.75},{"text":"of","start":8984.75,"end":8984.83},{"text":"sovereign","start":8984.83,"end":8985.27},{"text":"equality,","start":8985.27,"end":8985.95},{"text":"non-intervention,","start":8986.35,"end":8987.39},{"text":"and","start":8987.71,"end":8988.03},{"text":"territorial","start":8988.03,"end":8988.67},{"text":"integrity.","start":8988.67,"end":8989.39}]},{"text":"Such applications should not encroach upon the principle of state sovereignty as the hallmark of international relations and the principle of immunity of state officials, which is a significant manifestation thereof.","start":8990.63,"end":9002.31,"topics":[{"key":"sovereignty-and-immunities","label":"Sovereignty and Immunities","description":"Many statements emphasized that the exercise of universal jurisdiction must respect sovereign equality, non-interference, territorial integrity, and the immunities of state officials under international law. Several delegations warned that ignoring these principles would damage interstate relations and the legitimacy of the legal system."}],"words":[{"text":"Such","start":8990.63,"end":8990.79},{"text":"applications","start":8990.79,"end":8991.51},{"text":"should","start":8991.51,"end":8991.75},{"text":"not","start":8991.75,"end":8991.95},{"text":"encroach","start":8991.95,"end":8992.39},{"text":"upon","start":8992.39,"end":8992.63},{"text":"the","start":8992.63,"end":8992.75},{"text":"principle","start":8992.75,"end":8993.27},{"text":"of","start":8993.27,"end":8993.51},{"text":"state","start":8993.51,"end":8993.83},{"text":"sovereignty","start":8993.83,"end":8994.39},{"text":"as","start":8994.39,"end":8994.55},{"text":"the","start":8994.55,"end":8994.67},{"text":"hallmark","start":8994.67,"end":8995.15},{"text":"of","start":8995.15,"end":8995.23},{"text":"international","start":8995.23,"end":8995.79},{"text":"relations","start":8995.79,"end":8996.39},{"text":"and","start":8997.11,"end":8997.31},{"text":"the","start":8997.31,"end":8997.39},{"text":"principle","start":8997.39,"end":8997.87},{"text":"of","start":8997.87,"end":8997.99},{"text":"immunity","start":8997.99,"end":8998.51},{"text":"of","start":8998.51,"end":8998.63},{"text":"state","start":8998.63,"end":8998.95},{"text":"officials,","start":8998.95,"end":8999.51},{"text":"which","start":8999.51,"end":8999.75},{"text":"is","start":8999.75,"end":8999.91},{"text":"a","start":8999.91,"end":8999.95},{"text":"significant","start":8999.95,"end":9000.79},{"text":"manifestation","start":9000.79,"end":9001.67},{"text":"thereof.","start":9001.67,"end":9002.31}]},{"text":"In sum, the Islamic Republic of Iran views universal jurisdiction as a treaty-based exception in exercising national criminal jurisdiction.","start":9003.51,"end":9011.67,"topics":[{"key":"distinction-from-other-bases","label":"Distinction From Other Jurisdictional Bases","description":"Several speakers insisted that universal jurisdiction must be clearly distinguished from treaty-based obligations to extradite or prosecute, other forms of extraterritorial jurisdiction, and the jurisdiction of international criminal tribunals. They argued that conflating these concepts creates legal confusion and distorts state practice."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":9003.51,"end":9003.67},{"text":"sum,","start":9003.67,"end":9004.15},{"text":"the","start":9004.23,"end":9004.43},{"text":"Islamic","start":9004.43,"end":9004.83},{"text":"Republic","start":9004.83,"end":9005.27},{"text":"of","start":9005.27,"end":9005.35},{"text":"Iran","start":9005.35,"end":9005.75},{"text":"views","start":9005.75,"end":9006.07},{"text":"universal","start":9006.07,"end":9006.63},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":9006.63,"end":9007.27},{"text":"as","start":9007.27,"end":9007.51},{"text":"a","start":9007.51,"end":9007.55},{"text":"treaty-based","start":9007.55,"end":9008.27},{"text":"exception","start":9008.27,"end":9008.87},{"text":"in","start":9009.19,"end":9009.43},{"text":"exercising","start":9009.51,"end":9010.19},{"text":"national","start":9010.19,"end":9010.63},{"text":"criminal","start":9010.63,"end":9011.11},{"text":"jurisdiction.","start":9011.11,"end":9011.67}]},{"text":"In other words, the prevailing principle remains to be the principle of territorial jurisdiction.","start":9011.67,"end":9017.75,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiarity-and-last-resort","label":"Subsidiarity and Last Resort","description":"Numerous speakers argued that universal jurisdiction should be secondary to territorial, nationality-based, or other closer jurisdictional links. In this view, it should be used only when the state with primary jurisdiction is unwilling or unable genuinely to investigate and prosecute."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":9011.67,"end":9011.83},{"text":"other","start":9011.83,"end":9012.07},{"text":"words,","start":9012.07,"end":9012.55},{"text":"the","start":9013.19,"end":9013.27},{"text":"prevailing","start":9013.27,"end":9014.07},{"text":"principle","start":9014.15,"end":9014.87},{"text":"remains","start":9014.87,"end":9015.27},{"text":"to","start":9015.27,"end":9015.43},{"text":"be","start":9015.43,"end":9015.55},{"text":"the","start":9015.55,"end":9015.67},{"text":"principle","start":9015.67,"end":9016.23},{"text":"of","start":9016.23,"end":9016.39},{"text":"territorial","start":9016.39,"end":9017.03},{"text":"jurisdiction.","start":9017.03,"end":9017.75}]},{"text":"as the key to sovereign equality of states.","start":9018.79,"end":9021.11,"topics":[{"key":"sovereignty-and-immunities","label":"Sovereignty and Immunities","description":"Many statements emphasized that the exercise of universal jurisdiction must respect sovereign equality, non-interference, territorial integrity, and the immunities of state officials under international law. Several delegations warned that ignoring these principles would damage interstate relations and the legitimacy of the legal system."}],"words":[{"text":"as","start":9018.79,"end":9018.87},{"text":"the","start":9018.87,"end":9019.03},{"text":"key","start":9019.03,"end":9019.43},{"text":"to","start":9019.43,"end":9019.51},{"text":"sovereign","start":9019.51,"end":9019.95},{"text":"equality","start":9019.95,"end":9020.43},{"text":"of","start":9020.43,"end":9020.55},{"text":"states.","start":9020.55,"end":9021.11}]},{"text":"Finally, given the divergence of views, incoherence, and lack of unanimous state practices, including accordingly nonformation of the relevant customary rules of international law, we are of the view that referring this matter to the ILC for further examination would not produce satisfactory results.","start":9021.91,"end":9041.35,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be 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thank you so much.","start":9041.75,"end":9042.63,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":9041.75,"end":9041.91},{"text":"thank","start":9041.91,"end":9042.15},{"text":"you","start":9042.15,"end":9042.23},{"text":"so","start":9042.23,"end":9042.35},{"text":"much.","start":9042.35,"end":9042.63}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"IRN","affiliation_full":"Iran (Islamic Republic of)","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":67,"start":9044.79,"pageUrl":"/en/ga/c6/80/23?t=9045","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank you for your statement and I am now inviting the representative of 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Committee","group":null,"function":"Vice-Chair"}},{"statement_number":68,"start":9057.03,"pageUrl":"/en/ga/c6/80/23?t=9058","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Mr. Chair, Mozambique aligns itself with the statement delivered by the distinguished representative of Cameroon on behalf of the African Group and Iran on behalf of the Non-Aligned Movement on the subject under 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wish to present some remarks in our national capacity.","start":9076.51,"end":9081.07,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":9076.51,"end":9076.59},{"text":"wish","start":9076.59,"end":9076.83},{"text":"to","start":9076.83,"end":9076.99},{"text":"present","start":9076.99,"end":9077.67},{"text":"some","start":9077.67,"end":9077.87},{"text":"remarks","start":9077.87,"end":9078.67},{"text":"in","start":9078.67,"end":9078.83},{"text":"our","start":9078.91,"end":9079.15},{"text":"national","start":9079.15,"end":9079.87},{"text":"capacity.","start":9080.19,"end":9081.07}]},{"text":"Mr. Chair, Mozambique acknowledges with thanks the additional submissions by member states and observers on the scope and application of universal jurisdiction as detailed in the Secretary General's report for the current session.","start":9081.95,"end":9098.35,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":9081.95,"end":9082.19},{"text":"Chair,","start":9082.19,"end":9082.51},{"text":"Mozambique","start":9083.31,"end":9083.95},{"text":"acknowledges","start":9083.95,"end":9084.51},{"text":"with","start":9084.51,"end":9084.71},{"text":"thanks","start":9084.87,"end":9085.39},{"text":"the","start":9085.39,"end":9085.59},{"text":"additional","start":9085.59,"end":9086.03},{"text":"submissions","start":9086.03,"end":9086.91},{"text":"by","start":9087.23,"end":9087.39},{"text":"member","start":9087.39,"end":9087.75},{"text":"states","start":9087.75,"end":9088.27},{"text":"and","start":9088.51,"end":9088.75},{"text":"observers","start":9088.75,"end":9089.47},{"text":"on","start":9090.11,"end":9090.27},{"text":"the","start":9090.27,"end":9090.35},{"text":"scope","start":9090.35,"end":9090.99},{"text":"and","start":9091.03,"end":9091.15},{"text":"application","start":9091.15,"end":9091.91},{"text":"of","start":9091.91,"end":9092.03},{"text":"universal","start":9092.03,"end":9092.67},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":9092.67,"end":9093.39},{"text":"as","start":9093.87,"end":9094.19},{"text":"detailed","start":9094.19,"end":9094.79},{"text":"in","start":9094.79,"end":9094.99},{"text":"the","start":9094.99,"end":9095.07},{"text":"Secretary","start":9095.07,"end":9095.47},{"text":"General's","start":9095.47,"end":9095.99},{"text":"report","start":9095.99,"end":9096.59},{"text":"for","start":9097.07,"end":9097.23},{"text":"the","start":9097.23,"end":9097.31},{"text":"current","start":9097.31,"end":9097.75},{"text":"session.","start":9097.75,"end":9098.35}]},{"text":"We reaffirm our position shared by many that those who commit crimes should be brought to justice and not fail to be made accountable because of procedural technicalities, including lack of jurisdiction.","start":9098.99,"end":9114.83,"topics":[{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. 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It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":9115.51,"end":9115.59},{"text":"nature","start":9115.63,"end":9116.07},{"text":"and","start":9116.07,"end":9116.19},{"text":"the","start":9116.19,"end":9116.27},{"text":"seriousness","start":9116.27,"end":9117.07},{"text":"of","start":9117.07,"end":9117.23},{"text":"certain","start":9117.23,"end":9117.63},{"text":"crimes","start":9117.63,"end":9118.19},{"text":"should","start":9118.75,"end":9119.03},{"text":"certainly","start":9119.03,"end":9119.87},{"text":"affect","start":9120.23,"end":9120.67},{"text":"the","start":9120.67,"end":9120.83},{"text":"legal","start":9120.83,"end":9121.19},{"text":"rationality","start":9121.19,"end":9122.27},{"text":"of","start":9122.39,"end":9122.51},{"text":"all","start":9122.63,"end":9122.99},{"text":"member","start":9122.99,"end":9123.31},{"text":"states.","start":9123.31,"end":9123.71}]},{"text":"But the acceptance of the principle of universal jurisdiction remains a contentious issue among member states.","start":9124.35,"end":9131.87,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"But","start":9124.35,"end":9124.59},{"text":"the","start":9124.59,"end":9124.71},{"text":"acceptance","start":9124.71,"end":9125.47},{"text":"of","start":9125.47,"end":9125.63},{"text":"the","start":9125.63,"end":9125.71},{"text":"principle","start":9125.71,"end":9126.27},{"text":"of","start":9126.27,"end":9126.35},{"text":"universal","start":9126.99,"end":9127.47},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":9127.47,"end":9128.27},{"text":"remains","start":9128.59,"end":9129.23},{"text":"a","start":9129.31,"end":9129.35},{"text":"contentious","start":9129.35,"end":9129.91},{"text":"issue","start":9129.95,"end":9130.43},{"text":"among","start":9130.99,"end":9131.27},{"text":"member","start":9131.39,"end":9131.63},{"text":"states.","start":9131.63,"end":9131.87}]},{"text":"given its possibility, implications for national sovereignty, and the diverse approaches to each application.","start":9132.47,"end":9141.23,"topics":[{"key":"sovereignty-and-immunities","label":"Sovereignty and Immunities","description":"Many statements emphasized that the exercise of universal jurisdiction must respect sovereign equality, non-interference, territorial integrity, and the immunities of state officials under international law. Several delegations warned that ignoring these principles would damage interstate relations and the legitimacy of the legal system."},{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"given","start":9132.47,"end":9132.75},{"text":"its","start":9132.75,"end":9133.07},{"text":"possibility,","start":9133.07,"end":9134.03},{"text":"implications","start":9134.95,"end":9135.71},{"text":"for","start":9136.03,"end":9136.27},{"text":"national","start":9136.27,"end":9136.75},{"text":"sovereignty,","start":9136.75,"end":9137.63},{"text":"and","start":9138.03,"end":9138.23},{"text":"the","start":9138.23,"end":9138.31},{"text":"diverse","start":9138.31,"end":9138.91},{"text":"approaches","start":9138.91,"end":9139.63},{"text":"to","start":9139.99,"end":9140.07},{"text":"each","start":9140.11,"end":9140.43},{"text":"application.","start":9140.43,"end":9141.23}]},{"text":"In this contest, Mozambique advocates for the continuation of discussing at the sixth committee, including its working group.","start":9142.11,"end":9151.19,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":9142.11,"end":9142.35},{"text":"this","start":9142.35,"end":9142.59},{"text":"contest,","start":9142.59,"end":9143.15},{"text":"Mozambique","start":9143.63,"end":9144.27},{"text":"advocates","start":9144.27,"end":9145.15},{"text":"for","start":9145.31,"end":9145.55},{"text":"the","start":9145.55,"end":9145.63},{"text":"continuation","start":9145.63,"end":9146.39},{"text":"of","start":9146.39,"end":9146.59},{"text":"discussing","start":9146.59,"end":9147.31},{"text":"at","start":9147.71,"end":9147.91},{"text":"the","start":9147.91,"end":9147.99},{"text":"sixth","start":9148.03,"end":9148.35},{"text":"committee,","start":9148.35,"end":9148.91},{"text":"including","start":9148.91,"end":9149.55},{"text":"its","start":9150.27,"end":9150.51},{"text":"working","start":9150.51,"end":9150.87},{"text":"group.","start":9150.87,"end":9151.19}]},{"text":"Despite the lack of consensus, we still understand that the input from the International Law Commission would be beneficial for moving forward the discussion by our committee.","start":9151.67,"end":9162.99,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"Despite","start":9151.67,"end":9152.11},{"text":"the","start":9152.11,"end":9152.19},{"text":"lack","start":9152.19,"end":9152.51},{"text":"of","start":9152.51,"end":9152.67},{"text":"consensus,","start":9152.67,"end":9153.47},{"text":"we","start":9153.79,"end":9153.99},{"text":"still","start":9153.99,"end":9154.47},{"text":"understand","start":9154.47,"end":9155.11},{"text":"that","start":9155.11,"end":9155.47},{"text":"the","start":9155.47,"end":9155.67},{"text":"input","start":9155.67,"end":9156.19},{"text":"from","start":9156.75,"end":9157.07},{"text":"the","start":9157.07,"end":9157.15},{"text":"International","start":9157.15,"end":9157.75},{"text":"Law","start":9157.75,"end":9157.87},{"text":"Commission","start":9157.87,"end":9158.51},{"text":"would","start":9158.51,"end":9158.79},{"text":"be","start":9158.79,"end":9159.03},{"text":"beneficial","start":9159.03,"end":9159.79},{"text":"for","start":9160.19,"end":9160.27},{"text":"moving","start":9160.27,"end":9160.67},{"text":"forward","start":9160.67,"end":9161.23},{"text":"the","start":9161.23,"end":9161.35},{"text":"discussion","start":9161.39,"end":9162.11},{"text":"by","start":9162.11,"end":9162.27},{"text":"our","start":9162.27,"end":9162.43},{"text":"committee.","start":9162.43,"end":9162.99}]},{"text":"As supported by many states, the jurisdictions provide for specific serious international crimes and the certain treaties may form the basis and a step forward for the discussion of universal jurisdiction.","start":9163.71,"end":9178.51,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."},{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":9163.71,"end":9163.99},{"text":"supported","start":9163.99,"end":9164.59},{"text":"by","start":9164.59,"end":9164.75},{"text":"many","start":9164.75,"end":9165.07},{"text":"states,","start":9165.39,"end":9166.03},{"text":"the","start":9166.35,"end":9166.47},{"text":"jurisdictions","start":9166.47,"end":9167.23},{"text":"provide","start":9167.23,"end":9167.79},{"text":"for","start":9167.79,"end":9167.95},{"text":"specific","start":9167.95,"end":9168.51},{"text":"serious","start":9168.51,"end":9168.99},{"text":"international","start":9169.47,"end":9170.07},{"text":"crimes","start":9170.07,"end":9170.67},{"text":"and","start":9170.67,"end":9170.83},{"text":"the","start":9170.83,"end":9170.91},{"text":"certain","start":9170.91,"end":9171.31},{"text":"treaties","start":9171.31,"end":9171.95},{"text":"may","start":9172.43,"end":9172.67},{"text":"form","start":9172.67,"end":9173.15},{"text":"the","start":9173.23,"end":9173.35},{"text":"basis","start":9173.35,"end":9173.95},{"text":"and","start":9174.03,"end":9174.35},{"text":"a","start":9174.35,"end":9174.39},{"text":"step","start":9174.39,"end":9174.83},{"text":"forward","start":9174.83,"end":9175.31},{"text":"for","start":9175.71,"end":9175.95},{"text":"the","start":9175.95,"end":9176.03},{"text":"discussion","start":9176.03,"end":9176.67},{"text":"of","start":9176.75,"end":9177.07},{"text":"universal","start":9177.07,"end":9177.71},{"text":"jurisdiction.","start":9177.87,"end":9178.51}]},{"text":"It is in this context that we have been proposing the following key elements for consideration in developing a functional concept of principle of universal jurisdiction.","start":9181.07,"end":9193.71,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":9181.07,"end":9181.39},{"text":"is","start":9181.47,"end":9182.11},{"text":"in","start":9182.11,"end":9182.27},{"text":"this","start":9182.27,"end":9182.67},{"text":"context","start":9182.67,"end":9183.19},{"text":"that","start":9183.19,"end":9183.39},{"text":"we","start":9183.39,"end":9183.55},{"text":"have","start":9183.55,"end":9183.79},{"text":"been","start":9183.79,"end":9184.11},{"text":"proposing","start":9184.43,"end":9185.07},{"text":"the","start":9185.07,"end":9185.19},{"text":"following","start":9185.19,"end":9185.63},{"text":"key","start":9185.63,"end":9186.03},{"text":"elements","start":9186.03,"end":9186.67},{"text":"for","start":9187.23,"end":9187.39},{"text":"consideration","start":9187.39,"end":9188.27},{"text":"in","start":9188.35,"end":9188.67},{"text":"developing","start":9188.67,"end":9189.39},{"text":"a","start":9189.47,"end":9189.51},{"text":"functional","start":9189.51,"end":9190.27},{"text":"concept","start":9190.75,"end":9191.31},{"text":"of","start":9191.31,"end":9191.55},{"text":"principle","start":9191.55,"end":9192.27},{"text":"of","start":9192.27,"end":9192.51},{"text":"universal","start":9192.51,"end":9192.99},{"text":"jurisdiction.","start":9193.03,"end":9193.71}]},{"text":"The gravity of the crimes as defined by international law, including treaties, the primacy of national jurisdictions, including international legal and judicial cooperation when applying that primacy, and the subsidiary of other jurisdictions.","start":9194.19,"end":9211.07,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiarity-and-last-resort","label":"Subsidiarity and Last Resort","description":"Numerous speakers argued that universal jurisdiction should be secondary to territorial, nationality-based, or other closer jurisdictional links. In this view, it should be used only when the state with primary jurisdiction is unwilling or unable genuinely to investigate and prosecute."},{"key":"cooperation-and-national-capacity","label":"International Cooperation and National Capacity","description":"A recurring topic was the need to strengthen domestic justice systems and expand cooperation through extradition, mutual legal assistance, and judicial coordination. Delegations argued that stronger national capacity and better interstate cooperation are essential both to combat impunity and to reduce overreliance on universal jurisdiction."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":9194.19,"end":9194.35},{"text":"gravity","start":9194.35,"end":9194.91},{"text":"of","start":9194.91,"end":9195.07},{"text":"the","start":9195.07,"end":9195.23},{"text":"crimes","start":9195.23,"end":9195.95},{"text":"as","start":9195.95,"end":9196.19},{"text":"defined","start":9196.19,"end":9196.63},{"text":"by","start":9196.63,"end":9196.75},{"text":"international","start":9196.75,"end":9197.51},{"text":"law,","start":9197.51,"end":9197.59},{"text":"including","start":9198.03,"end":9198.43},{"text":"treaties,","start":9198.43,"end":9198.99},{"text":"the","start":9199.47,"end":9199.55},{"text":"primacy","start":9199.55,"end":9200.07},{"text":"of","start":9200.07,"end":9200.19},{"text":"national","start":9200.19,"end":9200.59},{"text":"jurisdictions,","start":9200.59,"end":9201.31},{"text":"including","start":9201.31,"end":9201.75},{"text":"international","start":9201.75,"end":9202.31},{"text":"legal","start":9202.31,"end":9202.67},{"text":"and","start":9203.23,"end":9203.39},{"text":"judicial","start":9203.47,"end":9203.95},{"text":"cooperation","start":9203.95,"end":9204.71},{"text":"when","start":9204.71,"end":9204.99},{"text":"applying","start":9204.99,"end":9205.55},{"text":"that","start":9205.95,"end":9206.27},{"text":"primacy,","start":9206.27,"end":9206.99},{"text":"and","start":9207.31,"end":9207.71},{"text":"the","start":9208.27,"end":9208.39},{"text":"subsidiary","start":9208.39,"end":9209.31},{"text":"of","start":9209.47,"end":9209.79},{"text":"other","start":9209.79,"end":9210.19},{"text":"jurisdictions.","start":9210.19,"end":9211.07}]},{"text":"Also, this process should be conducted within the framework of the UN charter.","start":9211.55,"end":9217.03,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Also,","start":9211.55,"end":9212.03},{"text":"this","start":9212.19,"end":9212.51},{"text":"process","start":9212.51,"end":9213.15},{"text":"should","start":9213.15,"end":9213.39},{"text":"be","start":9213.39,"end":9213.63},{"text":"conducted","start":9213.63,"end":9214.27},{"text":"within","start":9214.83,"end":9215.19},{"text":"the","start":9215.19,"end":9215.27},{"text":"framework","start":9215.27,"end":9215.75},{"text":"of","start":9215.75,"end":9215.95},{"text":"the","start":9215.95,"end":9216.03},{"text":"UN","start":9216.03,"end":9216.47},{"text":"charter.","start":9216.47,"end":9217.03}]},{"text":"On one hand, and all member states should adhere to the established principle and rules of international law, removing selectiveness or the misuse of the principle of universal jurisdiction.","start":9217.59,"end":9231.75,"topics":[{"key":"politicization-and-selective-use","label":"Politicization and Selective Use","description":"A widely shared concern was that universal jurisdiction can be abused for political, discriminatory, or selective purposes. Delegations warned against using domestic courts to target foreign officials or advance geopolitical agendas under the banner of justice."}],"words":[{"text":"On","start":9217.59,"end":9217.67},{"text":"one","start":9217.99,"end":9218.23},{"text":"hand,","start":9218.23,"end":9218.63},{"text":"and","start":9219.03,"end":9219.91},{"text":"all","start":9219.91,"end":9219.99},{"text":"member","start":9220.31,"end":9220.63},{"text":"states","start":9220.63,"end":9221.07},{"text":"should","start":9221.07,"end":9221.35},{"text":"adhere","start":9221.35,"end":9221.91},{"text":"to","start":9222.23,"end":9222.35},{"text":"the","start":9222.39,"end":9222.47},{"text":"established","start":9222.47,"end":9223.11},{"text":"principle","start":9223.11,"end":9223.75},{"text":"and","start":9223.79,"end":9223.95},{"text":"rules","start":9223.95,"end":9224.47},{"text":"of","start":9224.51,"end":9224.63},{"text":"international","start":9224.63,"end":9225.19},{"text":"law,","start":9225.27,"end":9225.43},{"text":"removing","start":9225.91,"end":9226.55},{"text":"selectiveness","start":9226.55,"end":9227.51},{"text":"or","start":9227.91,"end":9228.07},{"text":"the","start":9228.07,"end":9228.19},{"text":"misuse","start":9228.23,"end":9228.99},{"text":"of","start":9228.99,"end":9229.07},{"text":"the","start":9229.11,"end":9229.23},{"text":"principle","start":9229.27,"end":9230.07},{"text":"of","start":9230.43,"end":9230.55},{"text":"universal","start":9230.55,"end":9231.07},{"text":"jurisdiction.","start":9231.07,"end":9231.75}]},{"text":"On the other, they should not unnecessarily restrict the prospect for international justice.","start":9232.31,"end":9238.71,"topics":[{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."}],"words":[{"text":"On","start":9232.31,"end":9232.47},{"text":"the","start":9232.47,"end":9232.59},{"text":"other,","start":9232.59,"end":9232.87},{"text":"they","start":9233.35,"end":9233.59},{"text":"should","start":9233.59,"end":9233.91},{"text":"not","start":9233.91,"end":9234.43},{"text":"unnecessarily","start":9234.43,"end":9235.27},{"text":"restrict","start":9235.35,"end":9235.87},{"text":"the","start":9235.87,"end":9235.99},{"text":"prospect","start":9235.99,"end":9236.79},{"text":"for","start":9237.03,"end":9237.23},{"text":"international","start":9237.23,"end":9237.83},{"text":"justice.","start":9237.99,"end":9238.71}]},{"text":"Mr. Chair, Mozambique's criminal jurisdiction is sufficiently comprehensive, aimed at preventing and combating impunity for both nationals and foreigners who commit serious crimes within Mozambican territory or abroad when the offender is present in Mozambique and has not been previously tried.","start":9239.43,"end":9264.55,"topics":[{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."},{"key":"subsidiarity-and-last-resort","label":"Subsidiarity and Last Resort","description":"Numerous speakers argued that universal jurisdiction should be secondary to territorial, nationality-based, or other closer jurisdictional links. In this view, it should be used only when the state with primary jurisdiction is unwilling or unable genuinely to investigate and prosecute."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":9239.43,"end":9239.75},{"text":"Chair,","start":9239.75,"end":9240.15},{"text":"Mozambique's","start":9240.87,"end":9241.47},{"text":"criminal","start":9241.47,"end":9241.83},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":9241.83,"end":9242.63},{"text":"is","start":9243.19,"end":9243.27},{"text":"sufficiently","start":9243.27,"end":9244.15},{"text":"comprehensive,","start":9244.15,"end":9245.03},{"text":"aimed","start":9245.67,"end":9246.11},{"text":"at","start":9246.11,"end":9246.23},{"text":"preventing","start":9246.23,"end":9247.11},{"text":"and","start":9247.19,"end":9247.43},{"text":"combating","start":9247.43,"end":9248.23},{"text":"impunity","start":9248.55,"end":9249.43},{"text":"for","start":9249.75,"end":9249.91},{"text":"both","start":9249.91,"end":9250.31},{"text":"nationals","start":9250.31,"end":9250.95},{"text":"and","start":9251.27,"end":9251.51},{"text":"foreigners","start":9251.51,"end":9252.31},{"text":"who","start":9252.55,"end":9252.71},{"text":"commit","start":9252.79,"end":9253.15},{"text":"serious","start":9253.19,"end":9253.59},{"text":"crimes","start":9253.59,"end":9254.23},{"text":"within","start":9254.47,"end":9254.95},{"text":"Mozambican","start":9254.95,"end":9255.67},{"text":"territory","start":9255.67,"end":9256.31},{"text":"or","start":9256.79,"end":9257.03},{"text":"abroad","start":9257.03,"end":9257.83},{"text":"when","start":9257.83,"end":9258.11},{"text":"the","start":9258.11,"end":9258.19},{"text":"offender","start":9258.19,"end":9258.79},{"text":"is","start":9258.79,"end":9259.19},{"text":"present","start":9259.51,"end":9260.07},{"text":"in","start":9260.07,"end":9260.15},{"text":"Mozambique","start":9260.15,"end":9260.87},{"text":"and","start":9261.19,"end":9261.47},{"text":"has","start":9261.47,"end":9261.67},{"text":"not","start":9261.67,"end":9261.91},{"text":"been","start":9261.91,"end":9262.31},{"text":"previously","start":9262.55,"end":9263.99},{"text":"tried.","start":9263.99,"end":9264.55}]},{"text":"Moreover, discussion that we are conducting at the Sixth Committee on the principle of universal jurisdiction may benefit national legislations, strengthening them as well as the international legal and judicial cooperation.","start":9265.03,"end":9280.87,"topics":[{"key":"cooperation-and-national-capacity","label":"International Cooperation and National Capacity","description":"A recurring topic was the need to strengthen domestic justice systems and expand cooperation through extradition, mutual legal assistance, and judicial coordination. Delegations argued that stronger national capacity and better interstate cooperation are essential both to combat impunity and to reduce overreliance on universal jurisdiction."}],"words":[{"text":"Moreover,","start":9265.03,"end":9265.59},{"text":"discussion","start":9265.99,"end":9266.63},{"text":"that","start":9266.63,"end":9266.95},{"text":"we","start":9266.95,"end":9267.43},{"text":"are","start":9267.63,"end":9267.75},{"text":"conducting","start":9267.91,"end":9268.55},{"text":"at","start":9268.63,"end":9268.79},{"text":"the","start":9268.79,"end":9268.87},{"text":"Sixth","start":9268.87,"end":9269.19},{"text":"Committee","start":9269.19,"end":9269.83},{"text":"on","start":9270.15,"end":9270.31},{"text":"the","start":9270.31,"end":9270.39},{"text":"principle","start":9270.39,"end":9270.83},{"text":"of","start":9270.83,"end":9270.91},{"text":"universal","start":9270.91,"end":9271.43},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":9271.91,"end":9272.55},{"text":"may","start":9273.27,"end":9273.35},{"text":"benefit","start":9273.35,"end":9274.07},{"text":"national","start":9274.07,"end":9274.59},{"text":"legislations,","start":9274.59,"end":9275.51},{"text":"strengthening","start":9275.67,"end":9276.39},{"text":"them","start":9276.39,"end":9276.71},{"text":"as","start":9277.03,"end":9277.27},{"text":"well","start":9277.27,"end":9277.55},{"text":"as","start":9277.55,"end":9277.75},{"text":"the","start":9277.75,"end":9277.87},{"text":"international","start":9277.87,"end":9278.51},{"text":"legal","start":9278.51,"end":9278.95},{"text":"and","start":9279.27,"end":9279.47},{"text":"judicial","start":9279.47,"end":9279.91},{"text":"cooperation.","start":9279.91,"end":9280.87}]},{"text":"In conclusion, and as also pleaded on the subject of crimes against humanity, we call upon all member states to recognize that our shared goal of justice must supersede our differences, and we must work fast safely and confidentially to assure accountability and justice.","start":9281.43,"end":9306.15,"topics":[{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. 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Guinea.","start":9312.15,"end":9316.63,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":9312.15,"end":9312.43},{"text":"the","start":9312.43,"end":9312.51},{"text":"next","start":9312.51,"end":9312.87},{"text":"delegation","start":9312.87,"end":9313.83},{"text":"on","start":9313.83,"end":9314.23},{"text":"the","start":9314.23,"end":9314.31},{"text":"list","start":9314.31,"end":9314.59},{"text":"of","start":9314.59,"end":9314.67},{"text":"speakers","start":9314.67,"end":9315.19},{"text":"is","start":9315.19,"end":9315.35},{"text":"the","start":9315.35,"end":9315.43},{"text":"delegation","start":9315.43,"end":9316.03},{"text":"of","start":9316.03,"end":9316.15},{"text":"Guinea.","start":9316.15,"end":9316.63}]},{"text":"So the floor is yours, please.","start":9316.63,"end":9318.31,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":9316.63,"end":9316.95},{"text":"the","start":9317.03,"end":9317.15},{"text":"floor","start":9317.15,"end":9317.43},{"text":"is","start":9317.43,"end":9317.59},{"text":"yours,","start":9317.59,"end":9317.91},{"text":"please.","start":9317.91,"end":9318.31}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"6th Committee","affiliation_full":"6th Committee","group":null,"function":"Vice-Chair"}},{"statement_number":70,"start":9324.35,"pageUrl":"/en/ga/c6/80/23?t=9325","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Mr. Chairman.","start":9324.35,"end":9327.59,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":9324.35,"end":9324.63},{"text":"you,","start":9324.63,"end":9324.71},{"text":"Mr.","start":9324.71,"end":9325.43},{"text":"Chairman.","start":9327.03,"end":9327.59}]},{"text":"My delegation endorses the statement made by Cameroon on behalf of the African Group and notes with satisfaction the report A/80/274 of the United Nations Secretary-General entitled The scope and application of universal jurisdiction on the basis of relevant national legal rules, applicable international treaties and judicial practice.","start":9328.35,"end":9356.35,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"My","start":9328.35,"end":9328.51},{"text":"delegation","start":9328.51,"end":9329.71},{"text":"endorses","start":9329.87,"end":9330.59},{"text":"the","start":9330.59,"end":9330.75},{"text":"statement","start":9330.75,"end":9331.39},{"text":"made","start":9331.39,"end":9331.87},{"text":"by","start":9331.87,"end":9332.11},{"text":"Cameroon","start":9332.11,"end":9332.75},{"text":"on","start":9333.23,"end":9333.39},{"text":"behalf","start":9333.39,"end":9333.67},{"text":"of","start":9333.67,"end":9333.87},{"text":"the","start":9333.87,"end":9333.99},{"text":"African","start":9333.99,"end":9334.43},{"text":"Group","start":9334.43,"end":9334.75},{"text":"and","start":9335.23,"end":9335.47},{"text":"notes","start":9335.47,"end":9335.87},{"text":"with","start":9335.87,"end":9335.99},{"text":"satisfaction","start":9335.99,"end":9336.83},{"text":"the","start":9336.83,"end":9337.03},{"text":"report","start":9337.31,"end":9338.03},{"text":"A/80/274","start":9338.19,"end":9342.19},{"text":"of","start":9342.67,"end":9342.79},{"text":"the","start":9342.79,"end":9342.87},{"text":"United","start":9342.87,"end":9343.23},{"text":"Nations","start":9343.23,"end":9343.67},{"text":"Secretary-General","start":9343.67,"end":9344.51},{"text":"entitled","start":9345.19,"end":9346.19},{"text":"The","start":9346.67,"end":9346.87},{"text":"scope","start":9347.47,"end":9347.87},{"text":"and","start":9347.91,"end":9348.07},{"text":"application","start":9348.07,"end":9348.47},{"text":"of","start":9348.47,"end":9348.59},{"text":"universal","start":9348.59,"end":9349.07},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":9349.07,"end":9349.79},{"text":"on","start":9349.79,"end":9349.99},{"text":"the","start":9349.99,"end":9350.07},{"text":"basis","start":9350.07,"end":9350.47},{"text":"of","start":9350.47,"end":9350.59},{"text":"relevant","start":9350.59,"end":9351.03},{"text":"national","start":9351.03,"end":9351.51},{"text":"legal","start":9351.51,"end":9351.87},{"text":"rules,","start":9351.87,"end":9352.35},{"text":"applicable","start":9352.67,"end":9353.23},{"text":"international","start":9353.23,"end":9353.95},{"text":"treaties","start":9353.95,"end":9354.51},{"text":"and","start":9354.83,"end":9355.07},{"text":"judicial","start":9355.07,"end":9355.55},{"text":"practice.","start":9355.55,"end":9356.35}]},{"text":"In this context, my delegation would like to make some comments in its national capacity.","start":9356.91,"end":9361.87,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":9356.91,"end":9357.03},{"text":"this","start":9357.03,"end":9357.23},{"text":"context,","start":9357.23,"end":9357.95},{"text":"my","start":9357.95,"end":9358.11},{"text":"delegation","start":9358.11,"end":9358.83},{"text":"would","start":9358.83,"end":9358.99},{"text":"like","start":9358.99,"end":9359.23},{"text":"to","start":9359.23,"end":9359.35},{"text":"make","start":9359.35,"end":9359.63},{"text":"some","start":9359.63,"end":9359.79},{"text":"comments","start":9359.79,"end":9360.27},{"text":"in","start":9360.27,"end":9360.43},{"text":"its","start":9360.43,"end":9360.59},{"text":"national","start":9360.59,"end":9361.07},{"text":"capacity.","start":9361.07,"end":9361.87}]},{"text":"Mr. Chairman, the principle of universal jurisdiction is one of the most effective means of preventing and punishing the most serious crimes affecting the whole of the international community, in particular those defined in the Rome Statute on the International Criminal Court.","start":9362.67,"end":9381.71,"topics":[{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":9362.67,"end":9363.03},{"text":"Chairman,","start":9363.03,"end":9363.55},{"text":"the","start":9364.11,"end":9364.23},{"text":"principle","start":9364.23,"end":9364.79},{"text":"of","start":9364.79,"end":9364.91},{"text":"universal","start":9364.91,"end":9365.55},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":9365.55,"end":9366.51},{"text":"is","start":9366.59,"end":9366.91},{"text":"one","start":9366.91,"end":9367.31},{"text":"of","start":9367.31,"end":9367.55},{"text":"the","start":9367.55,"end":9367.63},{"text":"most","start":9367.63,"end":9368.03},{"text":"effective","start":9368.03,"end":9368.67},{"text":"means","start":9368.67,"end":9369.23},{"text":"of","start":9369.63,"end":9369.87},{"text":"preventing","start":9369.87,"end":9370.59},{"text":"and","start":9370.59,"end":9370.75},{"text":"punishing","start":9370.75,"end":9371.47},{"text":"the","start":9371.71,"end":9371.83},{"text":"most","start":9371.83,"end":9372.15},{"text":"serious","start":9372.15,"end":9372.59},{"text":"crimes","start":9372.59,"end":9373.23},{"text":"affecting","start":9373.47,"end":9374.19},{"text":"the","start":9374.19,"end":9374.35},{"text":"whole","start":9374.35,"end":9374.55},{"text":"of","start":9374.55,"end":9374.63},{"text":"the","start":9374.63,"end":9374.71},{"text":"international","start":9374.71,"end":9375.31},{"text":"community,","start":9375.31,"end":9375.95},{"text":"in","start":9376.43,"end":9376.63},{"text":"particular","start":9376.63,"end":9377.19},{"text":"those","start":9377.19,"end":9377.47},{"text":"defined","start":9377.47,"end":9378.11},{"text":"in","start":9378.43,"end":9378.67},{"text":"the","start":9378.67,"end":9378.83},{"text":"Rome","start":9378.83,"end":9379.15},{"text":"Statute","start":9379.15,"end":9379.79},{"text":"on","start":9379.79,"end":9379.95},{"text":"the","start":9379.95,"end":9380.07},{"text":"International","start":9380.07,"end":9380.83},{"text":"Criminal","start":9380.83,"end":9381.23},{"text":"Court.","start":9381.23,"end":9381.71}]},{"text":"Thus, The subsidiary application of the principle of universal jurisdiction by States remains an absolute necessity to effectively fight impunity, given the commission of crimes which are not subject to the statute of limitations.","start":9383.15,"end":9402.91,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiarity-and-last-resort","label":"Subsidiarity and Last Resort","description":"Numerous speakers argued that universal jurisdiction should be secondary to territorial, nationality-based, or other closer jurisdictional links. In this view, it should be used only when the state with primary jurisdiction is unwilling or unable genuinely to investigate and prosecute."},{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."}],"words":[{"text":"Thus,","start":9383.15,"end":9383.63},{"text":"The","start":9384.51,"end":9384.55},{"text":"subsidiary","start":9384.59,"end":9385.47},{"text":"application","start":9385.47,"end":9386.19},{"text":"of","start":9386.19,"end":9386.27},{"text":"the","start":9386.27,"end":9386.43},{"text":"principle","start":9386.43,"end":9386.99},{"text":"of","start":9386.99,"end":9387.07},{"text":"universal","start":9387.07,"end":9387.63},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":9387.63,"end":9388.43},{"text":"by","start":9388.43,"end":9388.67},{"text":"States","start":9388.67,"end":9389.23},{"text":"remains","start":9389.71,"end":9390.23},{"text":"an","start":9390.23,"end":9390.35},{"text":"absolute","start":9390.35,"end":9390.91},{"text":"necessity","start":9390.91,"end":9391.79},{"text":"to","start":9394.03,"end":9394.15},{"text":"effectively","start":9394.27,"end":9395.23},{"text":"fight","start":9395.23,"end":9395.71},{"text":"impunity,","start":9395.71,"end":9396.75},{"text":"given","start":9397.47,"end":9397.95},{"text":"the","start":9397.95,"end":9398.07},{"text":"commission","start":9398.11,"end":9398.67},{"text":"of","start":9398.67,"end":9399.15},{"text":"crimes","start":9399.15,"end":9399.71},{"text":"which","start":9400.39,"end":9400.67},{"text":"are","start":9400.67,"end":9400.83},{"text":"not","start":9400.83,"end":9401.07},{"text":"subject","start":9401.07,"end":9401.47},{"text":"to","start":9401.47,"end":9401.55},{"text":"the","start":9401.55,"end":9401.63},{"text":"statute","start":9401.63,"end":9402.03},{"text":"of","start":9402.03,"end":9402.11},{"text":"limitations.","start":9402.11,"end":9402.91}]},{"text":"So the Republic of Guinea has transposed into its domestic legislation provisions pertaining to the implementation of the Rome Treaty establishing the International Criminal Court through its laws 59 and 60 of the 26th of October 2016 on the Criminal Code and the Criminal Procedural Code respectively.","start":9403.15,"end":9426.03,"topics":[{"key":"cooperation-and-national-capacity","label":"International Cooperation and National Capacity","description":"A recurring topic was the need to strengthen domestic justice systems and expand cooperation through extradition, mutual legal assistance, and judicial coordination. Delegations argued that stronger national capacity and better interstate cooperation are essential both to combat impunity and to reduce overreliance on universal jurisdiction."}],"words":[{"text":"So","start":9403.15,"end":9403.39},{"text":"the","start":9403.39,"end":9403.51},{"text":"Republic","start":9403.51,"end":9403.87},{"text":"of","start":9403.87,"end":9403.95},{"text":"Guinea","start":9403.95,"end":9404.19},{"text":"has","start":9404.19,"end":9404.35},{"text":"transposed","start":9404.35,"end":9404.99},{"text":"into","start":9404.99,"end":9405.43},{"text":"its","start":9405.55,"end":9405.95},{"text":"domestic","start":9406.19,"end":9406.83},{"text":"legislation","start":9407.23,"end":9408.11},{"text":"provisions","start":9408.27,"end":9408.99},{"text":"pertaining","start":9408.99,"end":9409.47},{"text":"to","start":9409.47,"end":9409.59},{"text":"the","start":9409.59,"end":9409.75},{"text":"implementation","start":9409.75,"end":9410.51},{"text":"of","start":9410.83,"end":9411.07},{"text":"the","start":9411.07,"end":9411.19},{"text":"Rome","start":9411.19,"end":9411.63},{"text":"Treaty","start":9411.63,"end":9412.27},{"text":"establishing","start":9412.27,"end":9412.83},{"text":"the","start":9412.83,"end":9412.91},{"text":"International","start":9412.91,"end":9413.43},{"text":"Criminal","start":9413.43,"end":9413.83},{"text":"Court","start":9413.83,"end":9414.11},{"text":"through","start":9414.51,"end":9414.99},{"text":"its","start":9414.99,"end":9415.23},{"text":"laws","start":9415.23,"end":9415.71},{"text":"59","start":9416.35,"end":9417.07},{"text":"and","start":9417.07,"end":9417.31},{"text":"60","start":9417.31,"end":9417.79},{"text":"of","start":9417.79,"end":9417.95},{"text":"the","start":9417.95,"end":9418.07},{"text":"26th","start":9418.07,"end":9418.67},{"text":"of","start":9418.67,"end":9418.75},{"text":"October","start":9418.75,"end":9419.11},{"text":"2016","start":9419.11,"end":9420.51},{"text":"on","start":9421.55,"end":9421.95},{"text":"the","start":9422.03,"end":9422.23},{"text":"Criminal","start":9422.67,"end":9423.15},{"text":"Code","start":9423.15,"end":9423.55},{"text":"and","start":9423.63,"end":9423.79},{"text":"the","start":9423.79,"end":9423.87},{"text":"Criminal","start":9423.87,"end":9424.19},{"text":"Procedural","start":9424.19,"end":9424.67},{"text":"Code","start":9424.67,"end":9424.95},{"text":"respectively.","start":9424.99,"end":9426.03}]},{"text":"Henceforth, it is in favour of prosecuting those who have ordered, perpetrated and are complicit in such crimes not subject to the statute of limitations.","start":9428.31,"end":9438.63,"topics":[{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. 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In this view, it should be used only when the state with primary jurisdiction is unwilling or unable genuinely to investigate and prosecute."}],"words":[{"text":"My","start":9438.91,"end":9439.03},{"text":"delegation","start":9439.03,"end":9439.59},{"text":"also","start":9439.59,"end":9440.07},{"text":"commits","start":9440.55,"end":9440.91},{"text":"to","start":9440.91,"end":9440.99},{"text":"the","start":9440.99,"end":9441.07},{"text":"application","start":9441.07,"end":9441.51},{"text":"of","start":9441.51,"end":9441.59},{"text":"the","start":9441.59,"end":9441.67},{"text":"principle","start":9441.67,"end":9442.07},{"text":"of","start":9442.07,"end":9442.15},{"text":"universal","start":9442.15,"end":9442.67},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":9444.15,"end":9445.11},{"text":"with","start":9445.91,"end":9446.07},{"text":"criteria","start":9446.07,"end":9446.59},{"text":"based","start":9446.63,"end":9446.87},{"text":"on","start":9446.87,"end":9446.99},{"text":"nationality","start":9446.99,"end":9447.55},{"text":"and","start":9447.55,"end":9447.67},{"text":"territoriality.","start":9447.67,"end":9448.71}]},{"text":"My delegation considers that immunities and special procedural rules that can normally be invoked because of the official capacity of a person pursuant to domestic or international law should in no way prevent the state from prosecuting or extraditing a person who has committed such a crime.","start":9448.99,"end":9470.27,"topics":[{"key":"sovereignty-and-immunities","label":"Sovereignty and Immunities","description":"Many statements emphasized that the exercise of universal jurisdiction must respect sovereign equality, non-interference, territorial integrity, and the immunities of state officials under international law. Several delegations warned that ignoring these principles would damage interstate relations and the legitimacy of the legal system."}],"words":[{"text":"My","start":9448.99,"end":9449.11},{"text":"delegation","start":9449.11,"end":9449.75},{"text":"considers","start":9449.75,"end":9450.27},{"text":"that","start":9450.27,"end":9450.55},{"text":"immunities","start":9450.71,"end":9451.51},{"text":"and","start":9451.51,"end":9451.83},{"text":"special","start":9452.15,"end":9452.63},{"text":"procedural","start":9452.63,"end":9453.19},{"text":"rules","start":9453.19,"end":9453.83},{"text":"that","start":9454.27,"end":9454.67},{"text":"can","start":9454.67,"end":9455.35},{"text":"normally","start":9455.35,"end":9455.95},{"text":"be","start":9455.95,"end":9456.27},{"text":"invoked","start":9456.27,"end":9456.75},{"text":"because","start":9456.75,"end":9457.39},{"text":"of","start":9457.39,"end":9457.71},{"text":"the","start":9457.71,"end":9457.99},{"text":"official","start":9459.15,"end":9459.79},{"text":"capacity","start":9460.19,"end":9460.95},{"text":"of","start":9460.95,"end":9461.07},{"text":"a","start":9461.07,"end":9461.15},{"text":"person","start":9461.15,"end":9461.87},{"text":"pursuant","start":9461.95,"end":9462.51},{"text":"to","start":9462.51,"end":9462.59},{"text":"domestic","start":9462.59,"end":9463.07},{"text":"or","start":9463.07,"end":9463.15},{"text":"international","start":9463.15,"end":9463.83},{"text":"law","start":9463.83,"end":9463.91},{"text":"should","start":9464.27,"end":9464.55},{"text":"in","start":9464.55,"end":9464.71},{"text":"no","start":9464.71,"end":9465.07},{"text":"way","start":9465.07,"end":9465.47},{"text":"prevent","start":9465.55,"end":9466.03},{"text":"the","start":9466.03,"end":9466.15},{"text":"state","start":9466.15,"end":9466.43},{"text":"from","start":9466.43,"end":9466.59},{"text":"prosecuting","start":9466.59,"end":9467.23},{"text":"or","start":9467.23,"end":9467.31},{"text":"extraditing","start":9467.31,"end":9468.11},{"text":"a","start":9468.43,"end":9468.51},{"text":"person","start":9468.51,"end":9468.95},{"text":"who","start":9468.95,"end":9469.11},{"text":"has","start":9469.11,"end":9469.23},{"text":"committed","start":9469.23,"end":9469.63},{"text":"such","start":9469.63,"end":9469.87},{"text":"a","start":9469.87,"end":9469.91},{"text":"crime.","start":9469.91,"end":9470.27}]},{"text":"It's from this standpoint that the Republic of Guinea supports the taking into consideration of the principle pertaining to the pertinence of the person's official capacity.","start":9470.75,"end":9479.79,"topics":[{"key":"sovereignty-and-immunities","label":"Sovereignty and Immunities","description":"Many statements emphasized that the exercise of universal jurisdiction must respect sovereign equality, non-interference, territorial integrity, and the immunities of state officials under international law. Several delegations warned that ignoring these principles would damage interstate relations and the legitimacy of the legal system."}],"words":[{"text":"It's","start":9470.75,"end":9471.07},{"text":"from","start":9471.07,"end":9471.27},{"text":"this","start":9471.27,"end":9471.43},{"text":"standpoint","start":9471.43,"end":9471.91},{"text":"that","start":9471.91,"end":9472.03},{"text":"the","start":9472.03,"end":9472.11},{"text":"Republic","start":9472.11,"end":9472.43},{"text":"of","start":9472.43,"end":9472.51},{"text":"Guinea","start":9472.51,"end":9472.75},{"text":"supports","start":9472.75,"end":9473.23},{"text":"the","start":9473.23,"end":9473.35},{"text":"taking","start":9473.79,"end":9474.15},{"text":"into","start":9474.15,"end":9474.35},{"text":"consideration","start":9474.35,"end":9474.99},{"text":"of","start":9474.99,"end":9475.07},{"text":"the","start":9475.07,"end":9475.23},{"text":"principle","start":9475.23,"end":9475.71},{"text":"pertaining","start":9475.71,"end":9476.19},{"text":"to","start":9476.19,"end":9476.51},{"text":"the","start":9476.99,"end":9477.11},{"text":"pertinence","start":9477.15,"end":9477.79},{"text":"of","start":9477.79,"end":9477.95},{"text":"the","start":9477.95,"end":9478.03},{"text":"person's","start":9478.03,"end":9478.47},{"text":"official","start":9478.51,"end":9478.99},{"text":"capacity.","start":9478.99,"end":9479.79}]},{"text":"The Republic of Guinea furthermore support the prosecution or extradition of the perpetrators of such crimes pursuant to aut dedere aut judicare, the obligation to extradite or to try.","start":9479.95,"end":9498.99,"topics":[{"key":"distinction-from-other-bases","label":"Distinction From Other Jurisdictional Bases","description":"Several speakers insisted that universal jurisdiction must be clearly distinguished from treaty-based obligations to extradite or prosecute, other forms of extraterritorial jurisdiction, and the jurisdiction of international criminal tribunals. 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Delegations argued that stronger national capacity and better interstate cooperation are essential both to combat impunity and to reduce overreliance on universal jurisdiction."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":9479.95,"end":9480.03},{"text":"Republic","start":9480.03,"end":9480.71},{"text":"of","start":9480.83,"end":9480.91},{"text":"Guinea","start":9481.23,"end":9481.55},{"text":"furthermore","start":9481.87,"end":9482.59},{"text":"support","start":9483.55,"end":9484.35},{"text":"the","start":9484.99,"end":9485.27},{"text":"prosecution","start":9487.07,"end":9487.67},{"text":"or","start":9487.67,"end":9487.79},{"text":"extradition","start":9487.79,"end":9488.31},{"text":"of","start":9488.31,"end":9488.43},{"text":"the","start":9488.43,"end":9488.51},{"text":"perpetrators","start":9488.51,"end":9489.39},{"text":"of","start":9489.39,"end":9489.71},{"text":"such","start":9489.71,"end":9490.19},{"text":"crimes","start":9490.19,"end":9490.91},{"text":"pursuant","start":9491.39,"end":9492.19},{"text":"to","start":9492.31,"end":9492.51},{"text":"aut","start":9492.87,"end":9493.07},{"text":"dedere","start":9493.07,"end":9493.71},{"text":"aut","start":9493.75,"end":9493.91},{"text":"judicare,","start":9493.91,"end":9494.59},{"text":"the","start":9494.99,"end":9495.19},{"text":"obligation","start":9495.19,"end":9495.71},{"text":"to","start":9495.71,"end":9495.87},{"text":"extradite","start":9495.87,"end":9496.59},{"text":"or","start":9496.67,"end":9496.99},{"text":"to","start":9496.99,"end":9497.55},{"text":"try.","start":9498.51,"end":9498.99}]},{"text":"In order to achieve this, the principle of universal jurisdiction must be utilised whilst respecting the primacy granted to the subsidiarity principle.","start":9501.23,"end":9511.55,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiarity-and-last-resort","label":"Subsidiarity and Last Resort","description":"Numerous speakers argued that universal jurisdiction should be secondary to territorial, nationality-based, or other closer jurisdictional links. In this view, it should be used only when the state with primary jurisdiction is unwilling or unable genuinely to investigate and prosecute."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":9501.23,"end":9501.39},{"text":"order","start":9501.39,"end":9501.63},{"text":"to","start":9501.63,"end":9501.79},{"text":"achieve","start":9501.79,"end":9502.27},{"text":"this,","start":9502.27,"end":9502.67},{"text":"the","start":9502.67,"end":9502.87},{"text":"principle","start":9502.87,"end":9503.47},{"text":"of","start":9503.47,"end":9503.55},{"text":"universal","start":9503.55,"end":9504.27},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":9504.35,"end":9505.15},{"text":"must","start":9505.15,"end":9505.59},{"text":"be","start":9505.59,"end":9505.79},{"text":"utilised","start":9505.79,"end":9506.51},{"text":"whilst","start":9506.51,"end":9506.91},{"text":"respecting","start":9506.91,"end":9507.79},{"text":"the","start":9508.11,"end":9508.31},{"text":"primacy","start":9508.35,"end":9509.23},{"text":"granted","start":9509.23,"end":9509.79},{"text":"to","start":9509.79,"end":9509.91},{"text":"the","start":9509.91,"end":9510.07},{"text":"subsidiarity","start":9510.11,"end":9510.91},{"text":"principle.","start":9510.91,"end":9511.55}]},{"text":"My delegation welcomes the idea of the establishment of a working group during the 81st regular session of the work of the UN General Assembly, in line with resolution 79/127, to examine the question of the principle of universal jurisdiction or whether it is distinct from other similar notions.","start":9511.87,"end":9535.71,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."},{"key":"distinction-from-other-bases","label":"Distinction From Other Jurisdictional Bases","description":"Several speakers insisted that universal jurisdiction must be clearly distinguished from treaty-based obligations to extradite or prosecute, other forms of extraterritorial jurisdiction, and the jurisdiction of international criminal tribunals. 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Committee","group":null,"function":"Vice-Chair"}},{"statement_number":72,"start":9565.75,"pageUrl":"/en/ga/c6/80/23?t=9566","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Madam President, my delegation would like to begin by expressing its thanks to the Secretary General for report A/AT/274, which provides full and detailed information on the situation of human rights in Argentina.","start":9565.75,"end":9582.43,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":9565.75,"end":9565.95},{"text":"President,","start":9570.63,"end":9571.15},{"text":"my","start":9572.95,"end":9573.11},{"text":"delegation","start":9573.11,"end":9573.63},{"text":"would","start":9573.63,"end":9573.75},{"text":"like","start":9573.75,"end":9573.91},{"text":"to","start":9573.91,"end":9573.99},{"text":"begin","start":9573.99,"end":9574.47},{"text":"by","start":9574.47,"end":9574.59},{"text":"expressing","start":9574.59,"end":9575.03},{"text":"its","start":9575.03,"end":9575.19},{"text":"thanks","start":9575.19,"end":9575.43},{"text":"to","start":9575.43,"end":9575.51},{"text":"the","start":9575.51,"end":9575.59},{"text":"Secretary","start":9575.59,"end":9576.03},{"text":"General","start":9576.03,"end":9576.55},{"text":"for","start":9576.55,"end":9576.99},{"text":"report","start":9576.99,"end":9577.51},{"text":"A/AT/274,","start":9577.59,"end":9578.31},{"text":"which","start":9578.31,"end":9578.47},{"text":"provides","start":9578.47,"end":9578.75},{"text":"full","start":9578.75,"end":9578.87},{"text":"and","start":9578.87,"end":9578.99},{"text":"detailed","start":9578.99,"end":9579.23},{"text":"information","start":9579.23,"end":9579.63},{"text":"on","start":9579.63,"end":9579.71},{"text":"the","start":9579.71,"end":9579.79},{"text":"situation","start":9579.79,"end":9580.11},{"text":"of","start":9580.11,"end":9580.19},{"text":"human","start":9580.63,"end":9580.87},{"text":"rights","start":9580.87,"end":9581.67},{"text":"in","start":9581.99,"end":9582.07},{"text":"Argentina.","start":9582.07,"end":9582.43}]},{"text":"and valuable information about the views of States on the principle of universal jurisdiction.","start":9582.95,"end":9588.47,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"and","start":9582.95,"end":9583.07},{"text":"valuable","start":9583.07,"end":9583.51},{"text":"information","start":9583.51,"end":9584.39},{"text":"about","start":9584.39,"end":9584.71},{"text":"the","start":9584.71,"end":9584.91},{"text":"views","start":9584.95,"end":9585.39},{"text":"of","start":9585.39,"end":9585.51},{"text":"States","start":9585.51,"end":9586.07},{"text":"on","start":9586.07,"end":9586.23},{"text":"the","start":9586.23,"end":9586.39},{"text":"principle","start":9586.39,"end":9586.99},{"text":"of","start":9586.99,"end":9587.11},{"text":"universal","start":9587.11,"end":9587.67},{"text":"jurisdiction.","start":9587.67,"end":9588.47}]},{"text":"The most serious crimes for the international community as a whole must not go unpunished.","start":9590.31,"end":9596.71,"topics":[{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":9590.31,"end":9590.43},{"text":"most","start":9591.03,"end":9591.75},{"text":"serious","start":9591.75,"end":9592.31},{"text":"crimes","start":9592.31,"end":9593.03},{"text":"for","start":9593.03,"end":9593.19},{"text":"the","start":9593.19,"end":9593.31},{"text":"international","start":9593.31,"end":9593.99},{"text":"community","start":9593.99,"end":9594.59},{"text":"as","start":9594.59,"end":9594.71},{"text":"a","start":9594.71,"end":9594.79},{"text":"whole","start":9594.79,"end":9595.19},{"text":"must","start":9595.19,"end":9595.51},{"text":"not","start":9595.51,"end":9595.75},{"text":"go","start":9595.75,"end":9595.99},{"text":"unpunished.","start":9595.99,"end":9596.71}]},{"text":"It is the duty of States to exercise their criminal jurisdiction against the perpetrators of these crimes.","start":9597.03,"end":9602.95,"topics":[{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":9597.03,"end":9597.19},{"text":"is","start":9597.19,"end":9597.27},{"text":"the","start":9597.27,"end":9597.39},{"text":"duty","start":9597.39,"end":9597.79},{"text":"of","start":9597.79,"end":9597.87},{"text":"States","start":9597.87,"end":9598.31},{"text":"to","start":9598.31,"end":9598.47},{"text":"exercise","start":9598.47,"end":9599.19},{"text":"their","start":9599.19,"end":9599.39},{"text":"criminal","start":9599.39,"end":9599.83},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":9599.83,"end":9600.71},{"text":"against","start":9600.71,"end":9601.23},{"text":"the","start":9601.35,"end":9601.47},{"text":"perpetrators","start":9601.51,"end":9602.15},{"text":"of","start":9602.15,"end":9602.23},{"text":"these","start":9602.23,"end":9602.39},{"text":"crimes.","start":9602.39,"end":9602.95}]},{"text":"primary responsibility to carry out such investigations and prosecutions falls to the state on whose territory the crime was committed or to the states that have some connection to such crime, be it through the nationality of the perpetrator or the victims.","start":9605.43,"end":9621.39,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiarity-and-last-resort","label":"Subsidiarity and Last Resort","description":"Numerous speakers argued that universal jurisdiction should be secondary to territorial, nationality-based, or other closer jurisdictional links. In this view, it should be used only when the state with primary jurisdiction is unwilling or unable genuinely to investigate and prosecute."}],"words":[{"text":"primary","start":9605.43,"end":9605.71},{"text":"responsibility","start":9605.71,"end":9606.51},{"text":"to","start":9606.51,"end":9606.67},{"text":"carry","start":9606.67,"end":9606.99},{"text":"out","start":9606.99,"end":9607.23},{"text":"such","start":9607.23,"end":9607.47},{"text":"investigations","start":9607.47,"end":9608.35},{"text":"and","start":9608.35,"end":9608.55},{"text":"prosecutions","start":9608.55,"end":9609.47},{"text":"falls","start":9609.47,"end":9609.87},{"text":"to","start":9609.87,"end":9610.03},{"text":"the","start":9610.03,"end":9610.19},{"text":"state","start":9610.19,"end":9610.67},{"text":"on","start":9610.67,"end":9610.99},{"text":"whose","start":9610.99,"end":9611.23},{"text":"territory","start":9611.23,"end":9611.87},{"text":"the","start":9611.87,"end":9612.11},{"text":"crime","start":9612.11,"end":9612.59},{"text":"was","start":9612.59,"end":9612.75},{"text":"committed","start":9612.75,"end":9613.31},{"text":"or","start":9613.31,"end":9613.63},{"text":"to","start":9613.63,"end":9613.79},{"text":"the","start":9613.87,"end":9614.03},{"text":"states","start":9614.03,"end":9614.43},{"text":"that","start":9614.43,"end":9614.67},{"text":"have","start":9614.67,"end":9614.99},{"text":"some","start":9615.23,"end":9615.55},{"text":"connection","start":9615.55,"end":9616.19},{"text":"to","start":9616.19,"end":9616.43},{"text":"such","start":9616.59,"end":9616.99},{"text":"crime,","start":9616.99,"end":9617.39},{"text":"be","start":9617.63,"end":9617.87},{"text":"it","start":9617.87,"end":9618.51},{"text":"through","start":9619.07,"end":9619.23},{"text":"the","start":9619.23,"end":9619.31},{"text":"nationality","start":9619.31,"end":9619.95},{"text":"of","start":9619.95,"end":9620.03},{"text":"the","start":9620.03,"end":9620.11},{"text":"perpetrator","start":9620.11,"end":9620.63},{"text":"or","start":9620.63,"end":9620.71},{"text":"the","start":9620.71,"end":9620.79},{"text":"victims.","start":9620.79,"end":9621.39}]},{"text":"However, in some circumstances when states with the primary responsibility are either unable or unwilling to exercise jurisdiction, other states that do not have a direct link to the crime can fill this void on the basis of the exercise of universal jurisdiction to prevent impunity.","start":9622.63,"end":9641.75,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiarity-and-last-resort","label":"Subsidiarity and Last Resort","description":"Numerous speakers argued that universal jurisdiction should be secondary to territorial, nationality-based, or other closer jurisdictional links. In this view, it should be used only when the state with primary jurisdiction is unwilling or unable genuinely to investigate and prosecute."},{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."}],"words":[{"text":"However,","start":9622.63,"end":9623.11},{"text":"in","start":9623.11,"end":9623.27},{"text":"some","start":9623.27,"end":9623.67},{"text":"circumstances","start":9623.67,"end":9624.79},{"text":"when","start":9624.79,"end":9625.27},{"text":"states","start":9625.43,"end":9625.91},{"text":"with","start":9625.91,"end":9626.15},{"text":"the","start":9626.15,"end":9626.23},{"text":"primary","start":9626.23,"end":9626.63},{"text":"responsibility","start":9626.63,"end":9627.67},{"text":"are","start":9627.67,"end":9627.99},{"text":"either","start":9627.99,"end":9628.35},{"text":"unable","start":9628.35,"end":9628.95},{"text":"or","start":9628.95,"end":9629.15},{"text":"unwilling","start":9629.15,"end":9629.59},{"text":"to","start":9629.59,"end":9629.71},{"text":"exercise","start":9629.71,"end":9630.23},{"text":"jurisdiction,","start":9630.23,"end":9631.03},{"text":"other","start":9631.43,"end":9631.63},{"text":"states","start":9631.63,"end":9631.99},{"text":"that","start":9631.99,"end":9632.19},{"text":"do","start":9632.19,"end":9632.27},{"text":"not","start":9632.27,"end":9632.47},{"text":"have","start":9632.47,"end":9632.75},{"text":"a","start":9632.75,"end":9632.79},{"text":"direct","start":9632.79,"end":9633.27},{"text":"link","start":9633.27,"end":9633.63},{"text":"to","start":9633.63,"end":9633.91},{"text":"the","start":9633.91,"end":9634.11},{"text":"crime","start":9634.15,"end":9634.71},{"text":"can","start":9635.03,"end":9635.35},{"text":"fill","start":9635.35,"end":9635.75},{"text":"this","start":9635.75,"end":9635.99},{"text":"void","start":9635.99,"end":9636.63},{"text":"on","start":9637.35,"end":9637.51},{"text":"the","start":9637.51,"end":9637.59},{"text":"basis","start":9637.59,"end":9637.99},{"text":"of","start":9637.99,"end":9638.07},{"text":"the","start":9638.07,"end":9638.19},{"text":"exercise","start":9638.19,"end":9638.79},{"text":"of","start":9638.79,"end":9638.87},{"text":"universal","start":9638.95,"end":9639.59},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":9639.59,"end":9640.31},{"text":"to","start":9640.31,"end":9640.55},{"text":"prevent","start":9640.55,"end":9641.03},{"text":"impunity.","start":9641.03,"end":9641.75}]},{"text":"This is, however, a tool of an exceptional nature and that should be applied in a subsidiary manner regulated by treaty norms and customary law which should be used in line with the law.","start":9643.27,"end":9657.99,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiarity-and-last-resort","label":"Subsidiarity and Last Resort","description":"Numerous speakers argued that universal jurisdiction should be secondary to territorial, nationality-based, or other closer jurisdictional links. In this view, it should be used only when the state with primary jurisdiction is unwilling or unable genuinely to investigate and prosecute."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":9643.27,"end":9643.51},{"text":"is,","start":9643.51,"end":9643.75},{"text":"however,","start":9643.75,"end":9644.39},{"text":"a","start":9646.23,"end":9646.31},{"text":"tool","start":9646.55,"end":9647.19},{"text":"of","start":9647.19,"end":9647.27},{"text":"an","start":9647.31,"end":9647.39},{"text":"exceptional","start":9647.39,"end":9648.43},{"text":"nature","start":9648.43,"end":9649.11},{"text":"and","start":9649.11,"end":9649.43},{"text":"that","start":9649.43,"end":9649.59},{"text":"should","start":9649.59,"end":9649.75},{"text":"be","start":9649.75,"end":9650.15},{"text":"applied","start":9650.39,"end":9650.95},{"text":"in","start":9651.11,"end":9651.27},{"text":"a","start":9651.27,"end":9651.31},{"text":"subsidiary","start":9651.31,"end":9651.83},{"text":"manner","start":9651.83,"end":9652.19},{"text":"regulated","start":9652.19,"end":9652.87},{"text":"by","start":9652.87,"end":9653.19},{"text":"treaty","start":9653.19,"end":9653.67},{"text":"norms","start":9653.67,"end":9654.15},{"text":"and","start":9654.15,"end":9654.39},{"text":"customary","start":9654.39,"end":9655.51},{"text":"law","start":9655.51,"end":9655.87},{"text":"which","start":9656.03,"end":9656.23},{"text":"should","start":9656.23,"end":9656.39},{"text":"be","start":9656.39,"end":9656.71},{"text":"used","start":9656.71,"end":9657.03},{"text":"in","start":9657.03,"end":9657.23},{"text":"line","start":9657.23,"end":9657.47},{"text":"with","start":9657.47,"end":9657.59},{"text":"the","start":9657.59,"end":9657.67},{"text":"law.","start":9657.67,"end":9657.99}]},{"text":"In this context Argentina understands that there should be clear rules governing the exercise of universal jurisdiction.","start":9658.63,"end":9665.11,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":9658.63,"end":9658.71},{"text":"this","start":9658.71,"end":9658.87},{"text":"context","start":9658.87,"end":9659.31},{"text":"Argentina","start":9659.31,"end":9659.83},{"text":"understands","start":9659.83,"end":9660.35},{"text":"that","start":9660.35,"end":9660.47},{"text":"there","start":9660.47,"end":9660.59},{"text":"should","start":9660.59,"end":9660.79},{"text":"be","start":9660.79,"end":9660.95},{"text":"clear","start":9660.95,"end":9661.51},{"text":"rules","start":9661.83,"end":9662.31},{"text":"governing","start":9662.31,"end":9662.87},{"text":"the","start":9662.87,"end":9662.95},{"text":"exercise","start":9662.95,"end":9663.59},{"text":"of","start":9663.59,"end":9663.67},{"text":"universal","start":9663.67,"end":9664.31},{"text":"jurisdiction.","start":9664.31,"end":9665.11}]},{"text":"Indeed unlimited universal jurisdiction could generate conflicts of jurisdiction between states, subjecting individuals to potential procedural abuses or even give rise to politically motivated judicial persecution.","start":9667.03,"end":9685.47,"topics":[{"key":"politicization-and-selective-use","label":"Politicization and Selective Use","description":"A widely shared concern was that universal jurisdiction can be abused for political, discriminatory, or selective purposes. Delegations warned against using domestic courts to target foreign officials or advance geopolitical agendas under the banner of justice."},{"key":"procedural-safeguards","label":"Procedural Safeguards","description":"Many delegations called for procedural limits to ensure fair and disciplined use of universal jurisdiction. Frequently mentioned safeguards included the presence of the accused in the forum state, due process guarantees, prior consultation with concerned states, high-level prosecutorial review, and protection against duplicative proceedings."},{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"Indeed","start":9667.03,"end":9667.67},{"text":"unlimited","start":9668.95,"end":9669.71},{"text":"universal","start":9669.71,"end":9670.23},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":9670.23,"end":9671.19},{"text":"could","start":9671.71,"end":9671.87},{"text":"generate","start":9671.87,"end":9672.59},{"text":"conflicts","start":9672.59,"end":9673.19},{"text":"of","start":9673.19,"end":9673.31},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":9673.31,"end":9674.19},{"text":"between","start":9674.19,"end":9674.59},{"text":"states,","start":9674.59,"end":9675.15},{"text":"subjecting","start":9675.47,"end":9676.11},{"text":"individuals","start":9676.11,"end":9676.91},{"text":"to","start":9676.91,"end":9677.23},{"text":"potential","start":9677.23,"end":9678.03},{"text":"procedural","start":9678.03,"end":9678.75},{"text":"abuses","start":9678.75,"end":9679.55},{"text":"or","start":9679.55,"end":9679.91},{"text":"even","start":9680.03,"end":9680.67},{"text":"give","start":9680.67,"end":9680.91},{"text":"rise","start":9680.91,"end":9681.47},{"text":"to","start":9681.63,"end":9681.83},{"text":"politically","start":9681.95,"end":9682.67},{"text":"motivated","start":9682.67,"end":9683.47},{"text":"judicial","start":9683.87,"end":9684.59},{"text":"persecution.","start":9684.59,"end":9685.47}]},{"text":"Argentine justice has on several occasions exercised universal jurisdiction through on the basis of the serious nature of crimes, particularly in relation to genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity and grave violations of human rights.","start":9687.71,"end":9703.87,"topics":[{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."}],"words":[{"text":"Argentine","start":9687.71,"end":9688.51},{"text":"justice","start":9688.51,"end":9689.15},{"text":"has","start":9689.15,"end":9689.71},{"text":"on","start":9689.71,"end":9689.87},{"text":"several","start":9689.87,"end":9690.27},{"text":"occasions","start":9690.27,"end":9690.91},{"text":"exercised","start":9690.91,"end":9691.63},{"text":"universal","start":9691.63,"end":9692.35},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":9692.35,"end":9693.23},{"text":"through","start":9694.23,"end":9694.43},{"text":"on","start":9694.91,"end":9695.15},{"text":"the","start":9695.15,"end":9695.23},{"text":"basis","start":9695.23,"end":9695.55},{"text":"of","start":9695.55,"end":9695.71},{"text":"the","start":9695.71,"end":9695.83},{"text":"serious","start":9695.83,"end":9696.27},{"text":"nature","start":9696.27,"end":9696.67},{"text":"of","start":9696.67,"end":9696.75},{"text":"crimes,","start":9696.75,"end":9697.27},{"text":"particularly","start":9697.27,"end":9698.19},{"text":"in","start":9698.43,"end":9698.59},{"text":"relation","start":9698.59,"end":9699.07},{"text":"to","start":9699.07,"end":9699.15},{"text":"genocide,","start":9699.15,"end":9699.79},{"text":"war","start":9699.79,"end":9700.03},{"text":"crimes,","start":9700.03,"end":9700.51},{"text":"crimes","start":9700.51,"end":9700.79},{"text":"against","start":9700.79,"end":9701.03},{"text":"humanity","start":9701.03,"end":9701.71},{"text":"and","start":9701.71,"end":9702.27},{"text":"grave","start":9702.27,"end":9702.55},{"text":"violations","start":9702.55,"end":9703.03},{"text":"of","start":9703.03,"end":9703.11},{"text":"human","start":9703.11,"end":9703.39},{"text":"rights.","start":9703.39,"end":9703.87}]},{"text":"In Argentine judicial practice, universal jurisdiction is applied in a subsidiary and exceptional manner to the principle of territoriality and personality.","start":9705.47,"end":9715.23,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiarity-and-last-resort","label":"Subsidiarity and Last Resort","description":"Numerous speakers argued that universal jurisdiction should be secondary to territorial, nationality-based, or other closer jurisdictional links. In this view, it should be used only when the state with primary jurisdiction is unwilling or unable genuinely to investigate and prosecute."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":9705.47,"end":9705.63},{"text":"Argentine","start":9705.63,"end":9706.27},{"text":"judicial","start":9706.27,"end":9706.63},{"text":"practice,","start":9706.63,"end":9707.23},{"text":"universal","start":9707.23,"end":9707.71},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":9707.71,"end":9708.59},{"text":"is","start":9708.59,"end":9708.83},{"text":"applied","start":9708.83,"end":9709.39},{"text":"in","start":9709.39,"end":9709.59},{"text":"a","start":9709.59,"end":9709.63},{"text":"subsidiary","start":9709.63,"end":9710.67},{"text":"and","start":9710.67,"end":9710.95},{"text":"exceptional","start":9710.95,"end":9711.79},{"text":"manner","start":9711.79,"end":9712.19},{"text":"to","start":9712.19,"end":9712.39},{"text":"the","start":9712.39,"end":9712.51},{"text":"principle","start":9712.51,"end":9712.99},{"text":"of","start":9712.99,"end":9713.07},{"text":"territoriality","start":9713.07,"end":9714.19},{"text":"and","start":9714.19,"end":9714.35},{"text":"personality.","start":9714.35,"end":9715.23}]},{"text":"This following a consideration that the crimes were either not tried or could not be tried by the states on whose territories the crimes were committed or by the states of nationality of the perpetrator or the victims.","start":9716.35,"end":9730.43,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiarity-and-last-resort","label":"Subsidiarity and Last Resort","description":"Numerous speakers argued that universal jurisdiction should be secondary to territorial, nationality-based, or other closer jurisdictional links. 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In this view, it should be used only when the state with primary jurisdiction is unwilling or unable genuinely to investigate and prosecute."},{"key":"cooperation-and-national-capacity","label":"International Cooperation and National Capacity","description":"A recurring topic was the need to strengthen domestic justice systems and expand cooperation through extradition, mutual legal assistance, and judicial coordination. Delegations argued that stronger national capacity and better interstate cooperation are essential both to combat impunity and to reduce overreliance on universal 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conclude, Argentina reiterates its readiness to continue considering this matter within the Sixth Committee and to make the necessary efforts to ensure that we make specific, concrete 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d'Ivoire.","start":9842.11,"end":9846.27,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":9842.11,"end":9842.19},{"text":"now","start":9842.27,"end":9842.51},{"text":"give","start":9842.51,"end":9842.75},{"text":"the","start":9842.83,"end":9842.95},{"text":"floor","start":9842.95,"end":9843.31},{"text":"to","start":9843.31,"end":9843.39},{"text":"the","start":9843.39,"end":9843.47},{"text":"Deputy","start":9843.47,"end":9844.03},{"text":"Permanent","start":9844.03,"end":9844.51},{"text":"Representative","start":9844.51,"end":9845.31},{"text":"of","start":9845.31,"end":9845.55},{"text":"Cote","start":9845.55,"end":9845.75},{"text":"d'Ivoire.","start":9845.75,"end":9846.27}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"6th Committee","affiliation_full":"6th Committee","group":null,"function":"Vice-Chair"}},{"statement_number":74,"start":9850.67,"pageUrl":"/en/ga/c6/80/23?t=9851","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, sir.","start":9850.67,"end":9851.55,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":9850.67,"end":9851.07},{"text":"you,","start":9851.07,"end":9851.31},{"text":"sir.","start":9851.39,"end":9851.55}]},{"text":"I too would like to congratulate the Secretary General for the excellent quality of his report that highlights the measures adopted by several Member States to implement the principle of universal jurisdiction within their national courts.","start":9852.63,"end":9868.55,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":9852.63,"end":9852.87},{"text":"too","start":9852.87,"end":9853.35},{"text":"would","start":9853.35,"end":9853.55},{"text":"like","start":9853.55,"end":9853.75},{"text":"to","start":9853.75,"end":9853.91},{"text":"congratulate","start":9853.91,"end":9854.51},{"text":"the","start":9854.51,"end":9854.59},{"text":"Secretary","start":9854.59,"end":9855.07},{"text":"General","start":9855.07,"end":9855.51},{"text":"for","start":9855.83,"end":9856.03},{"text":"the","start":9856.03,"end":9856.11},{"text":"excellent","start":9856.11,"end":9856.51},{"text":"quality","start":9856.51,"end":9857.07},{"text":"of","start":9857.07,"end":9857.19},{"text":"his","start":9857.19,"end":9857.43},{"text":"report","start":9857.43,"end":9858.07},{"text":"that","start":9858.39,"end":9858.55},{"text":"highlights","start":9858.55,"end":9859.35},{"text":"the","start":9859.35,"end":9859.47},{"text":"measures","start":9859.51,"end":9859.99},{"text":"adopted","start":9859.99,"end":9860.51},{"text":"by","start":9860.51,"end":9860.71},{"text":"several","start":9860.71,"end":9861.11},{"text":"Member","start":9861.11,"end":9861.43},{"text":"States","start":9861.43,"end":9861.99},{"text":"to","start":9862.39,"end":9862.63},{"text":"implement","start":9862.71,"end":9863.35},{"text":"the","start":9863.35,"end":9863.43},{"text":"principle","start":9863.43,"end":9864.23},{"text":"of","start":9864.23,"end":9864.47},{"text":"universal","start":9864.47,"end":9865.03},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":9865.03,"end":9865.91},{"text":"within","start":9866.31,"end":9866.95},{"text":"their","start":9866.95,"end":9867.19},{"text":"national","start":9867.19,"end":9867.83},{"text":"courts.","start":9867.83,"end":9868.55}]},{"text":"My delegation also takes note of the considerations made by some observer bodies on this topic.","start":9869.11,"end":9878.15,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"My","start":9869.11,"end":9869.35},{"text":"delegation","start":9869.35,"end":9870.07},{"text":"also","start":9870.15,"end":9870.55},{"text":"takes","start":9870.55,"end":9870.87},{"text":"note","start":9870.95,"end":9871.27},{"text":"of","start":9871.27,"end":9871.59},{"text":"the","start":9871.59,"end":9871.75},{"text":"considerations","start":9871.91,"end":9872.87},{"text":"made","start":9872.87,"end":9873.27},{"text":"by","start":9873.67,"end":9873.83},{"text":"some","start":9873.83,"end":9874.39},{"text":"observer","start":9875.11,"end":9875.75},{"text":"bodies","start":9875.75,"end":9876.39},{"text":"on","start":9876.39,"end":9876.79},{"text":"this","start":9876.95,"end":9877.35},{"text":"topic.","start":9877.51,"end":9878.15}]},{"text":"Cote d'Ivoire joins itself with the statements made previously by Cameroon on behalf of the African group and by the Islamic Republic of Iran on behalf of the non-aligned movement.","start":9879.19,"end":9893.27,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Cote","start":9879.19,"end":9879.27},{"text":"d'Ivoire","start":9879.27,"end":9880.07},{"text":"joins","start":9880.23,"end":9880.63},{"text":"itself","start":9880.63,"end":9881.11},{"text":"with","start":9881.11,"end":9881.23},{"text":"the","start":9881.23,"end":9881.31},{"text":"statements","start":9881.31,"end":9881.99},{"text":"made","start":9881.99,"end":9882.47},{"text":"previously","start":9882.47,"end":9883.27},{"text":"by","start":9883.75,"end":9883.99},{"text":"Cameroon","start":9883.99,"end":9884.95},{"text":"on","start":9885.35,"end":9885.43},{"text":"behalf","start":9885.43,"end":9885.63},{"text":"of","start":9885.63,"end":9885.83},{"text":"the","start":9885.83,"end":9885.95},{"text":"African","start":9885.95,"end":9886.39},{"text":"group","start":9886.39,"end":9886.83},{"text":"and","start":9887.35,"end":9887.75},{"text":"by","start":9887.75,"end":9888.07},{"text":"the","start":9888.15,"end":9888.27},{"text":"Islamic","start":9888.39,"end":9888.67},{"text":"Republic","start":9889.27,"end":9889.91},{"text":"of","start":9889.91,"end":9890.15},{"text":"Iran","start":9890.55,"end":9891.43},{"text":"on","start":9891.43,"end":9891.59},{"text":"behalf","start":9891.59,"end":9892.07},{"text":"of","start":9892.07,"end":9892.23},{"text":"the","start":9892.23,"end":9892.31},{"text":"non-aligned","start":9892.31,"end":9892.71},{"text":"movement.","start":9892.71,"end":9893.27}]},{"text":"We would like to make the following comments in our national capacity.","start":9895.99,"end":9899.51,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":9895.99,"end":9896.15},{"text":"would","start":9896.15,"end":9896.27},{"text":"like","start":9896.27,"end":9896.39},{"text":"to","start":9896.39,"end":9896.55},{"text":"make","start":9896.55,"end":9896.79},{"text":"the","start":9896.79,"end":9896.91},{"text":"following","start":9897.03,"end":9897.51},{"text":"comments","start":9897.59,"end":9898.15},{"text":"in","start":9898.15,"end":9898.31},{"text":"our","start":9898.31,"end":9898.39},{"text":"national","start":9898.39,"end":9898.79},{"text":"capacity.","start":9898.79,"end":9899.51}]},{"text":"Mr. Chairman, we should recall that the inclusion of the matter pertaining to the principle of universal Jurisdiction on the agenda of the sixty fourth session of the General Assembly was an initiative of the African 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question was a significant step forward in discussions on criminal justice and human rights.","start":9916.63,"end":9923.43,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":9916.63,"end":9916.95},{"text":"question","start":9917.03,"end":9917.91},{"text":"was","start":9918.23,"end":9918.71},{"text":"a","start":9918.87,"end":9918.91},{"text":"significant","start":9918.91,"end":9919.51},{"text":"step","start":9919.51,"end":9919.83},{"text":"forward","start":9919.83,"end":9920.39},{"text":"in","start":9920.39,"end":9920.63},{"text":"discussions","start":9920.63,"end":9921.35},{"text":"on","start":9921.35,"end":9921.59},{"text":"criminal","start":9921.59,"end":9921.99},{"text":"justice","start":9921.99,"end":9922.55},{"text":"and","start":9922.55,"end":9922.71},{"text":"human","start":9922.71,"end":9923.03},{"text":"rights.","start":9923.03,"end":9923.43}]},{"text":"This principle, which allows a state to prosecute perpetrators of serious crimes such as crimes against humanity, war crimes or genocide, irrespective of where these crimes were committed or the nationality of the perpetrators or the victims, raises major legal and political issues.","start":9923.83,"end":9942.71,"topics":[{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."},{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":9923.83,"end":9924.07},{"text":"principle,","start":9924.07,"end":9924.79},{"text":"which","start":9924.79,"end":9925.27},{"text":"allows","start":9925.27,"end":9925.91},{"text":"a","start":9925.91,"end":9925.99},{"text":"state","start":9925.99,"end":9926.51},{"text":"to","start":9926.51,"end":9926.63},{"text":"prosecute","start":9926.63,"end":9927.43},{"text":"perpetrators","start":9927.75,"end":9928.47},{"text":"of","start":9928.47,"end":9928.55},{"text":"serious","start":9928.55,"end":9929.03},{"text":"crimes","start":9929.03,"end":9929.39},{"text":"such","start":9929.39,"end":9929.59},{"text":"as","start":9929.59,"end":9929.75},{"text":"crimes","start":9929.75,"end":9930.11},{"text":"against","start":9930.11,"end":9930.35},{"text":"humanity,","start":9930.35,"end":9930.95},{"text":"war","start":9931.19,"end":9931.39},{"text":"crimes","start":9931.39,"end":9931.75},{"text":"or","start":9931.75,"end":9931.83},{"text":"genocide,","start":9931.83,"end":9932.47},{"text":"irrespective","start":9932.71,"end":9933.43},{"text":"of","start":9933.43,"end":9933.59},{"text":"where","start":9933.59,"end":9933.87},{"text":"these","start":9933.87,"end":9934.15},{"text":"crimes","start":9934.15,"end":9934.71},{"text":"were","start":9934.95,"end":9935.11},{"text":"committed","start":9935.11,"end":9935.51},{"text":"or","start":9935.51,"end":9935.63},{"text":"the","start":9935.63,"end":9935.71},{"text":"nationality","start":9935.71,"end":9936.43},{"text":"of","start":9936.43,"end":9936.51},{"text":"the","start":9936.51,"end":9936.59},{"text":"perpetrators","start":9936.59,"end":9937.27},{"text":"or","start":9937.27,"end":9937.35},{"text":"the","start":9937.35,"end":9937.47},{"text":"victims,","start":9937.47,"end":9938.07},{"text":"raises","start":9939.51,"end":9940.23},{"text":"major","start":9940.23,"end":9940.79},{"text":"legal","start":9940.79,"end":9941.23},{"text":"and","start":9941.23,"end":9941.35},{"text":"political","start":9941.35,"end":9941.91},{"text":"issues.","start":9941.91,"end":9942.71}]},{"text":"By tackling this matter, the General Assembly is seeking to clarify the conditions for the application of universal jurisdiction, to prevent its abusive use for political purposes and to promote a coherent and fair approach in combating impunity.","start":9943.27,"end":9962.63,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."},{"key":"politicization-and-selective-use","label":"Politicization and Selective Use","description":"A widely shared concern was that universal jurisdiction can be abused for political, discriminatory, or selective purposes. Delegations warned against using domestic courts to target foreign officials or advance geopolitical agendas under the banner of justice."},{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."}],"words":[{"text":"By","start":9943.27,"end":9943.43},{"text":"tackling","start":9943.43,"end":9944.07},{"text":"this","start":9944.07,"end":9944.39},{"text":"matter,","start":9944.39,"end":9944.87},{"text":"the","start":9944.87,"end":9944.99},{"text":"General","start":9944.99,"end":9945.43},{"text":"Assembly","start":9945.43,"end":9945.99},{"text":"is","start":9945.99,"end":9946.31},{"text":"seeking","start":9947.39,"end":9947.91},{"text":"to","start":9947.91,"end":9948.15},{"text":"clarify","start":9948.15,"end":9948.95},{"text":"the","start":9948.95,"end":9949.07},{"text":"conditions","start":9949.07,"end":9949.75},{"text":"for","start":9949.75,"end":9950.07},{"text":"the","start":9950.07,"end":9950.19},{"text":"application","start":9950.23,"end":9951.03},{"text":"of","start":9951.35,"end":9951.51},{"text":"universal","start":9951.51,"end":9952.15},{"text":"jurisdiction,","start":9952.15,"end":9953.03},{"text":"to","start":9953.51,"end":9953.63},{"text":"prevent","start":9953.63,"end":9954.15},{"text":"its","start":9954.15,"end":9954.55},{"text":"abusive","start":9954.55,"end":9955.11},{"text":"use","start":9955.11,"end":9955.59},{"text":"for","start":9955.59,"end":9955.83},{"text":"political","start":9955.83,"end":9956.31},{"text":"purposes","start":9956.31,"end":9957.03},{"text":"and","start":9957.51,"end":9957.83},{"text":"to","start":9957.83,"end":9957.95},{"text":"promote","start":9957.95,"end":9958.47},{"text":"a","start":9958.99,"end":9959.03},{"text":"coherent","start":9959.03,"end":9959.75},{"text":"and","start":9959.75,"end":9959.91},{"text":"fair","start":9959.91,"end":9960.27},{"text":"approach","start":9960.27,"end":9960.87},{"text":"in","start":9961.11,"end":9961.27},{"text":"combating","start":9961.27,"end":9961.79},{"text":"impunity.","start":9961.79,"end":9962.63}]},{"text":"This initiative seemingly has contributed to the consolidation of international law and the establishment of an open dialogue on the limits and inherent responsibilities of the exercise of this jurisdiction.","start":9963.27,"end":9977.95,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."},{"key":"sovereignty-and-immunities","label":"Sovereignty and Immunities","description":"Many statements emphasized that the exercise of universal jurisdiction must respect sovereign equality, non-interference, territorial integrity, and the immunities of state officials under international law. Several delegations warned that ignoring these principles would damage interstate relations and the legitimacy of the legal system."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":9963.27,"end":9963.67},{"text":"initiative","start":9963.67,"end":9964.47},{"text":"seemingly","start":9964.87,"end":9965.55},{"text":"has","start":9965.55,"end":9965.67},{"text":"contributed","start":9965.67,"end":9966.39},{"text":"to","start":9966.39,"end":9966.63},{"text":"the","start":9966.63,"end":9966.75},{"text":"consolidation","start":9966.75,"end":9967.55},{"text":"of","start":9967.55,"end":9967.67},{"text":"international","start":9967.67,"end":9968.67},{"text":"law","start":9968.67,"end":9968.75},{"text":"and","start":9969.19,"end":9969.39},{"text":"the","start":9969.39,"end":9969.47},{"text":"establishment","start":9969.47,"end":9970.23},{"text":"of","start":9970.23,"end":9970.51},{"text":"an","start":9970.51,"end":9970.71},{"text":"open","start":9970.71,"end":9971.11},{"text":"dialogue","start":9971.11,"end":9971.59},{"text":"on","start":9972.67,"end":9972.83},{"text":"the","start":9972.83,"end":9973.03},{"text":"limits","start":9973.07,"end":9973.59},{"text":"and","start":9973.59,"end":9973.71},{"text":"inherent","start":9973.71,"end":9974.11},{"text":"responsibilities","start":9974.11,"end":9975.07},{"text":"of","start":9975.39,"end":9975.47},{"text":"the","start":9975.47,"end":9975.59},{"text":"exercise","start":9975.59,"end":9976.27},{"text":"of","start":9976.27,"end":9976.51},{"text":"this","start":9976.59,"end":9976.99},{"text":"jurisdiction.","start":9976.99,"end":9977.95}]},{"text":"My country remains committed to this principle.","start":9978.43,"end":9981.23,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"My","start":9978.43,"end":9978.75},{"text":"country","start":9978.75,"end":9979.23},{"text":"remains","start":9979.23,"end":9979.71},{"text":"committed","start":9979.79,"end":9980.23},{"text":"to","start":9980.23,"end":9980.35},{"text":"this","start":9980.35,"end":9980.55},{"text":"principle.","start":9980.55,"end":9981.23}]},{"text":"It is an essential lever for consolidating the rule of law, for promoting peace, security and stability, both nationally and internationally, and also for the sustainable development of nations.","start":9981.23,"end":9993.55,"topics":[{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":9981.23,"end":9981.39},{"text":"is","start":9981.39,"end":9981.63},{"text":"an","start":9981.63,"end":9981.75},{"text":"essential","start":9981.75,"end":9982.63},{"text":"lever","start":9982.63,"end":9982.99},{"text":"for","start":9983.31,"end":9983.55},{"text":"consolidating","start":9983.55,"end":9984.39},{"text":"the","start":9984.39,"end":9984.47},{"text":"rule","start":9984.47,"end":9984.67},{"text":"of","start":9984.67,"end":9984.83},{"text":"law,","start":9984.83,"end":9985.19},{"text":"for","start":9985.39,"end":9985.55},{"text":"promoting","start":9985.55,"end":9986.19},{"text":"peace,","start":9986.19,"end":9986.59},{"text":"security","start":9986.75,"end":9987.35},{"text":"and","start":9987.35,"end":9987.51},{"text":"stability,","start":9987.51,"end":9988.19},{"text":"both","start":9988.43,"end":9988.75},{"text":"nationally","start":9988.75,"end":9989.19},{"text":"and","start":9989.19,"end":9989.31},{"text":"internationally,","start":9989.31,"end":9989.95},{"text":"and","start":9990.27,"end":9990.55},{"text":"also","start":9990.59,"end":9990.99},{"text":"for","start":9990.99,"end":9991.27},{"text":"the","start":9991.47,"end":9991.63},{"text":"sustainable","start":9991.63,"end":9992.19},{"text":"development","start":9992.19,"end":9992.75},{"text":"of","start":9992.75,"end":9992.83},{"text":"nations.","start":9992.83,"end":9993.55}]},{"text":"Along these lines, Cote d'Ivoire through its law of the 6th of June 2024 pertaining to extradition, rather the government of Cote d'Ivoire has defined the conditions for the application of universal jurisdiction.","start":9994.95,"end":10009.43,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"Along","start":9994.95,"end":9995.39},{"text":"these","start":9995.39,"end":9995.79},{"text":"lines,","start":9995.79,"end":9996.35},{"text":"Cote","start":9996.95,"end":9997.07},{"text":"d'Ivoire","start":9997.07,"end":9997.75},{"text":"through","start":9999.63,"end":9999.99},{"text":"its","start":9999.99,"end":10000.23},{"text":"law","start":10000.23,"end":10000.51},{"text":"of","start":10000.51,"end":10000.63},{"text":"the","start":10000.63,"end":10000.75},{"text":"6th","start":10000.75,"end":10001.27},{"text":"of","start":10001.31,"end":10001.43},{"text":"June","start":10001.43,"end":10001.71},{"text":"2024","start":10001.71,"end":10003.11},{"text":"pertaining","start":10003.11,"end":10003.55},{"text":"to","start":10003.55,"end":10003.63},{"text":"extradition,","start":10003.63,"end":10004.39},{"text":"rather","start":10004.75,"end":10004.95},{"text":"the","start":10004.95,"end":10005.03},{"text":"government","start":10005.03,"end":10005.39},{"text":"of","start":10005.39,"end":10005.47},{"text":"Cote","start":10005.47,"end":10005.59},{"text":"d'Ivoire","start":10005.59,"end":10005.95},{"text":"has","start":10005.95,"end":10006.07},{"text":"defined","start":10006.07,"end":10006.63},{"text":"the","start":10006.95,"end":10007.07},{"text":"conditions","start":10007.11,"end":10007.59},{"text":"for","start":10007.59,"end":10007.71},{"text":"the","start":10007.71,"end":10007.79},{"text":"application","start":10007.79,"end":10008.23},{"text":"of","start":10008.23,"end":10008.31},{"text":"universal","start":10008.31,"end":10008.87},{"text":"jurisdiction.","start":10008.87,"end":10009.43}]},{"text":"This law provides that the presumed perpetrators of serious infractions or crimes who are foreigners can be prosecuted in Cote d'Ivoire courts or in other foreign courts when the international legal instruments provide for this.","start":10009.43,"end":10027.31,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":10009.43,"end":10009.67},{"text":"law","start":10009.67,"end":10010.07},{"text":"provides","start":10010.31,"end":10011.03},{"text":"that","start":10011.03,"end":10011.43},{"text":"the","start":10011.83,"end":10012.07},{"text":"presumed","start":10012.47,"end":10013.35},{"text":"perpetrators","start":10013.35,"end":10014.15},{"text":"of","start":10014.15,"end":10014.23},{"text":"serious","start":10014.23,"end":10014.59},{"text":"infractions","start":10014.63,"end":10015.75},{"text":"or","start":10015.75,"end":10016.07},{"text":"crimes","start":10016.07,"end":10016.71},{"text":"who","start":10017.43,"end":10017.67},{"text":"are","start":10017.67,"end":10017.91},{"text":"foreigners","start":10017.91,"end":10018.47},{"text":"can","start":10018.47,"end":10018.79},{"text":"be","start":10018.79,"end":10018.87},{"text":"prosecuted","start":10018.87,"end":10019.67},{"text":"in","start":10019.67,"end":10020.07},{"text":"Cote","start":10020.23,"end":10020.47},{"text":"d'Ivoire","start":10020.47,"end":10021.11},{"text":"courts","start":10021.11,"end":10021.75},{"text":"or","start":10021.75,"end":10022.07},{"text":"in","start":10022.07,"end":10022.31},{"text":"other","start":10022.31,"end":10022.55},{"text":"foreign","start":10022.55,"end":10022.87},{"text":"courts","start":10022.87,"end":10023.43},{"text":"when","start":10023.83,"end":10024.43},{"text":"the","start":10024.43,"end":10024.67},{"text":"international","start":10024.75,"end":10025.35},{"text":"legal","start":10025.35,"end":10025.55},{"text":"instruments","start":10025.55,"end":10026.03},{"text":"provide","start":10026.03,"end":10026.67},{"text":"for","start":10026.67,"end":10026.99},{"text":"this.","start":10026.99,"end":10027.31}]},{"text":"In terms of the Cote d'Ivoire courts, they can be prosecuted, or rather, regarding Cote d'Ivoire nationals, they can be prosecuted.","start":10027.79,"end":10038.19,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":10027.79,"end":10027.95},{"text":"terms","start":10027.95,"end":10028.43},{"text":"of","start":10028.43,"end":10028.67},{"text":"the","start":10028.67,"end":10028.75},{"text":"Cote","start":10028.75,"end":10028.87},{"text":"d'Ivoire","start":10028.87,"end":10029.27},{"text":"courts,","start":10029.27,"end":10029.79},{"text":"they","start":10029.79,"end":10030.19},{"text":"can","start":10030.19,"end":10030.51},{"text":"be","start":10030.51,"end":10030.91},{"text":"prosecuted,","start":10031.23,"end":10032.27},{"text":"or","start":10032.75,"end":10033.03},{"text":"rather,","start":10033.03,"end":10033.35},{"text":"regarding","start":10034.91,"end":10035.63},{"text":"Cote","start":10035.63,"end":10035.75},{"text":"d'Ivoire","start":10035.75,"end":10036.11},{"text":"nationals,","start":10036.11,"end":10036.83},{"text":"they","start":10036.91,"end":10037.15},{"text":"can","start":10037.15,"end":10037.31},{"text":"be","start":10037.31,"end":10037.47},{"text":"prosecuted.","start":10037.47,"end":10038.19}]},{"text":"in the courts in our country.","start":10039.19,"end":10040.79,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"in","start":10039.19,"end":10039.59},{"text":"the","start":10039.59,"end":10039.75},{"text":"courts","start":10039.75,"end":10040.11},{"text":"in","start":10040.11,"end":10040.23},{"text":"our","start":10040.23,"end":10040.31},{"text":"country.","start":10040.31,"end":10040.79}]},{"text":"This provision is part of a broader judicial reform process in our country.","start":10040.79,"end":10045.75,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":10040.79,"end":10040.99},{"text":"provision","start":10040.99,"end":10041.51},{"text":"is","start":10041.51,"end":10041.67},{"text":"part","start":10041.67,"end":10042.07},{"text":"of","start":10042.07,"end":10042.31},{"text":"a","start":10042.39,"end":10042.43},{"text":"broader","start":10042.43,"end":10042.95},{"text":"judicial","start":10043.35,"end":10043.75},{"text":"reform","start":10043.75,"end":10044.15},{"text":"process","start":10044.15,"end":10044.79},{"text":"in","start":10044.79,"end":10044.95},{"text":"our","start":10044.95,"end":10045.11},{"text":"country.","start":10045.11,"end":10045.75}]},{"text":"So we should note that the application of universal jurisdiction does not exclude the sovereignty of states.","start":10046.15,"end":10052.79,"topics":[{"key":"sovereignty-and-immunities","label":"Sovereignty and Immunities","description":"Many statements emphasized that the exercise of universal jurisdiction must respect sovereign equality, non-interference, territorial integrity, and the immunities of state officials under international law. Several delegations warned that ignoring these principles would damage interstate relations and the legitimacy of the legal system."}],"words":[{"text":"So","start":10046.15,"end":10046.55},{"text":"we","start":10046.55,"end":10046.79},{"text":"should","start":10046.79,"end":10047.11},{"text":"note","start":10047.11,"end":10047.39},{"text":"that","start":10047.43,"end":10047.59},{"text":"the","start":10047.59,"end":10047.71},{"text":"application","start":10047.71,"end":10048.31},{"text":"of","start":10048.31,"end":10048.47},{"text":"universal","start":10048.47,"end":10049.27},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":10049.59,"end":10050.39},{"text":"does","start":10050.39,"end":10050.55},{"text":"not","start":10050.55,"end":10050.95},{"text":"exclude","start":10050.95,"end":10051.59},{"text":"the","start":10051.59,"end":10051.87},{"text":"sovereignty","start":10051.91,"end":10052.35},{"text":"of","start":10052.35,"end":10052.43},{"text":"states.","start":10052.43,"end":10052.79}]},{"text":"It should therefore function whilst strictly respecting the norms enshrined by the UN Charter, in particular the sovereign equality of states, non-interference in domestic affairs of states.","start":10053.19,"end":10063.59,"topics":[{"key":"sovereignty-and-immunities","label":"Sovereignty and Immunities","description":"Many statements emphasized that the exercise of universal jurisdiction must respect sovereign equality, non-interference, territorial integrity, and the immunities of state officials under international law. Several delegations warned that ignoring these principles would damage interstate relations and the legitimacy of the legal system."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":10053.19,"end":10053.35},{"text":"should","start":10053.35,"end":10053.51},{"text":"therefore","start":10053.51,"end":10054.23},{"text":"function","start":10054.39,"end":10055.03},{"text":"whilst","start":10055.23,"end":10055.67},{"text":"strictly","start":10055.67,"end":10056.15},{"text":"respecting","start":10056.15,"end":10056.71},{"text":"the","start":10056.79,"end":10056.91},{"text":"norms","start":10057.35,"end":10057.83},{"text":"enshrined","start":10057.83,"end":10058.31},{"text":"by","start":10058.31,"end":10058.47},{"text":"the","start":10058.51,"end":10058.59},{"text":"UN","start":10058.59,"end":10058.79},{"text":"Charter,","start":10058.79,"end":10059.31},{"text":"in","start":10059.59,"end":10059.75},{"text":"particular","start":10059.75,"end":10060.23},{"text":"the","start":10060.23,"end":10060.35},{"text":"sovereign","start":10060.35,"end":10060.59},{"text":"equality","start":10060.59,"end":10060.91},{"text":"of","start":10060.91,"end":10060.99},{"text":"states,","start":10060.99,"end":10061.43},{"text":"non-interference","start":10061.43,"end":10062.31},{"text":"in","start":10062.31,"end":10062.47},{"text":"domestic","start":10062.47,"end":10062.79},{"text":"affairs","start":10062.79,"end":10063.15},{"text":"of","start":10063.15,"end":10063.23},{"text":"states.","start":10063.23,"end":10063.59}]},{"text":"the freedom to establish peaceful cooperation relations in the respect of criminal immunity of state officials in foreign courts.","start":10064.27,"end":10075.91,"topics":[{"key":"sovereignty-and-immunities","label":"Sovereignty and Immunities","description":"Many statements emphasized that the exercise of universal jurisdiction must respect sovereign equality, non-interference, territorial integrity, and the immunities of state officials under international law. Several delegations warned that ignoring these principles would damage interstate relations and the legitimacy of the legal system."}],"words":[{"text":"the","start":10064.27,"end":10064.31},{"text":"freedom","start":10064.35,"end":10064.83},{"text":"to","start":10064.83,"end":10065.07},{"text":"establish","start":10065.15,"end":10065.63},{"text":"peaceful","start":10066.03,"end":10066.67},{"text":"cooperation","start":10066.67,"end":10067.39},{"text":"relations","start":10067.39,"end":10068.11},{"text":"in","start":10068.43,"end":10068.59},{"text":"the","start":10068.59,"end":10068.67},{"text":"respect","start":10068.67,"end":10069.23},{"text":"of","start":10069.31,"end":10069.71},{"text":"criminal","start":10069.87,"end":10070.59},{"text":"immunity","start":10071.39,"end":10072.11},{"text":"of","start":10072.11,"end":10072.59},{"text":"state","start":10073.07,"end":10073.31},{"text":"officials","start":10073.31,"end":10073.95},{"text":"in","start":10074.67,"end":10075.07},{"text":"foreign","start":10075.15,"end":10075.55},{"text":"courts.","start":10075.55,"end":10075.91}]},{"text":"My delegation considers that in the context of the exercise of universal jurisdiction, primacy must be granted to state courts in the country where the presumed crime was committed.","start":10075.91,"end":10091.39,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiarity-and-last-resort","label":"Subsidiarity and Last Resort","description":"Numerous speakers argued that universal jurisdiction should be secondary to territorial, nationality-based, or other closer jurisdictional links. In this view, it should be used only when the state with primary jurisdiction is unwilling or unable genuinely to investigate and prosecute."}],"words":[{"text":"My","start":10075.91,"end":10076.03},{"text":"delegation","start":10076.03,"end":10076.59},{"text":"considers","start":10076.59,"end":10077.15},{"text":"that","start":10077.15,"end":10077.39},{"text":"in","start":10077.63,"end":10077.87},{"text":"the","start":10077.87,"end":10077.95},{"text":"context","start":10077.95,"end":10078.59},{"text":"of","start":10078.59,"end":10078.67},{"text":"the","start":10078.67,"end":10078.79},{"text":"exercise","start":10078.83,"end":10079.43},{"text":"of","start":10079.43,"end":10079.55},{"text":"universal","start":10079.55,"end":10079.95},{"text":"jurisdiction,","start":10079.95,"end":10080.67},{"text":"primacy","start":10082.11,"end":10082.59},{"text":"must","start":10082.59,"end":10082.91},{"text":"be","start":10082.91,"end":10083.07},{"text":"granted","start":10083.07,"end":10083.63},{"text":"to","start":10083.63,"end":10083.91},{"text":"state","start":10085.07,"end":10086.11},{"text":"courts","start":10086.35,"end":10087.07},{"text":"in","start":10087.47,"end":10087.87},{"text":"the","start":10087.87,"end":10088.15},{"text":"country","start":10088.35,"end":10088.99},{"text":"where","start":10088.99,"end":10089.31},{"text":"the","start":10089.31,"end":10089.47},{"text":"presumed","start":10089.47,"end":10090.19},{"text":"crime","start":10090.19,"end":10090.75},{"text":"was","start":10090.75,"end":10090.91},{"text":"committed.","start":10090.91,"end":10091.39}]},{"text":"This approach fosters effective and context based investigations that are directly linked to the facts.","start":10091.39,"end":10100.35,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiarity-and-last-resort","label":"Subsidiarity and Last Resort","description":"Numerous speakers argued that universal jurisdiction should be secondary to territorial, nationality-based, or other closer jurisdictional links. In this view, it should be used only when the state with primary jurisdiction is unwilling or unable genuinely to investigate and prosecute."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":10091.39,"end":10091.63},{"text":"approach","start":10091.63,"end":10092.27},{"text":"fosters","start":10092.67,"end":10093.39},{"text":"effective","start":10093.39,"end":10094.43},{"text":"and","start":10094.43,"end":10094.75},{"text":"context","start":10094.83,"end":10095.47},{"text":"based","start":10095.47,"end":10095.87},{"text":"investigations","start":10096.75,"end":10097.71},{"text":"that","start":10097.71,"end":10097.87},{"text":"are","start":10097.87,"end":10097.95},{"text":"directly","start":10097.95,"end":10098.59},{"text":"linked","start":10098.59,"end":10098.95},{"text":"to","start":10098.95,"end":10099.07},{"text":"the","start":10099.07,"end":10099.27},{"text":"facts.","start":10099.47,"end":10100.35}]},{"text":"It is only when there is a clear lack of ability or will to prosecute that jurisdiction can be exercised by a third state or by another foreign jurisdictional court in line with the principles of subsidiarity and complementarity universal jurisdiction therefore must be perceived as a complementary principle that one uses not automatically but only as a last resort in close cooperation with the state where the crime is committed.","start":10100.91,"end":10129.47,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiarity-and-last-resort","label":"Subsidiarity and Last Resort","description":"Numerous speakers argued that universal jurisdiction should be secondary to territorial, nationality-based, or other closer jurisdictional links. In this view, it should be used only when the state with primary jurisdiction is unwilling or unable genuinely to investigate and prosecute."},{"key":"cooperation-and-national-capacity","label":"International Cooperation and National Capacity","description":"A recurring topic was the need to strengthen domestic justice systems and expand cooperation through extradition, mutual legal assistance, and judicial coordination. Delegations argued that stronger national capacity and better interstate cooperation are essential both to combat impunity and to reduce overreliance on universal 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my delegation would like to assure you once again of our commitment to the principle of universal jurisdiction and to its fair transparent application in line with the legislation of the states involved and in line with international 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country undertakes to contribute to studying this question further in further depth.","start":10145.03,"end":10152.11,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"My","start":10145.03,"end":10145.15},{"text":"country","start":10145.15,"end":10145.63},{"text":"undertakes","start":10145.63,"end":10146.11},{"text":"to","start":10146.11,"end":10146.19},{"text":"contribute","start":10146.19,"end":10146.99},{"text":"to","start":10147.39,"end":10147.95},{"text":"studying","start":10148.11,"end":10148.99},{"text":"this","start":10148.99,"end":10149.39},{"text":"question","start":10149.47,"end":10150.11},{"text":"further","start":10150.19,"end":10150.59},{"text":"in","start":10151.07,"end":10151.31},{"text":"further","start":10151.31,"end":10151.71},{"text":"depth.","start":10151.71,"end":10152.11}]},{"text":"Thank 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Cuba.","start":10159.71,"end":10163.27,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":10159.71,"end":10160.07},{"text":"now","start":10160.07,"end":10160.23},{"text":"give","start":10160.23,"end":10160.47},{"text":"the","start":10160.47,"end":10160.59},{"text":"floor","start":10160.59,"end":10160.87},{"text":"to","start":10160.87,"end":10161.07},{"text":"the","start":10161.19,"end":10161.35},{"text":"distinguished","start":10161.35,"end":10161.99},{"text":"representative","start":10161.99,"end":10162.59},{"text":"of","start":10162.59,"end":10162.71},{"text":"Cuba.","start":10162.71,"end":10163.27}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"6th Committee","affiliation_full":"6th Committee","group":null,"function":"Vice-Chair"}},{"statement_number":76,"start":10167.31,"pageUrl":"/en/ga/c6/80/23?t=10168","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you very much, Chair.","start":10167.31,"end":10168.51,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":10167.31,"end":10167.55},{"text":"you","start":10167.55,"end":10167.63},{"text":"very","start":10167.63,"end":10167.87},{"text":"much,","start":10167.87,"end":10168.27},{"text":"Chair.","start":10168.27,"end":10168.51}]},{"text":"Cuba aligns itself with the statement delivered by the Islamic Republic of Iran on behalf of the Non-Aligned 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take note of the Secretary General's report prepared on the basis of the contributions made by Member States contained in document 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universal jurisdiction cannot be used to affect the integrity and values of different existing legal systems around the world.","start":10191.95,"end":10202.99,"topics":[{"key":"sovereignty-and-immunities","label":"Sovereignty and Immunities","description":"Many statements emphasized that the exercise of universal jurisdiction must respect sovereign equality, non-interference, territorial integrity, and the immunities of state officials under international law. Several delegations warned that ignoring these principles would damage interstate relations and the legitimacy of the legal system."}],"words":[{"text":"Chairman,","start":10191.95,"end":10192.51},{"text":"universal","start":10193.79,"end":10194.51},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":10194.51,"end":10195.39},{"text":"cannot","start":10195.39,"end":10195.87},{"text":"be","start":10195.87,"end":10196.35},{"text":"used","start":10196.75,"end":10197.47},{"text":"to","start":10197.47,"end":10197.55},{"text":"affect","start":10197.59,"end":10198.11},{"text":"the","start":10198.11,"end":10198.39},{"text":"integrity","start":10198.51,"end":10199.23},{"text":"and","start":10199.23,"end":10199.39},{"text":"values","start":10199.39,"end":10199.95},{"text":"of","start":10199.95,"end":10200.11},{"text":"different","start":10200.27,"end":10200.79},{"text":"existing","start":10200.79,"end":10201.39},{"text":"legal","start":10201.39,"end":10201.71},{"text":"systems","start":10201.71,"end":10202.15},{"text":"around","start":10202.15,"end":10202.47},{"text":"the","start":10202.47,"end":10202.55},{"text":"world.","start":10202.55,"end":10202.99}]},{"text":"and they should grant respect for national legal systems and the values of the legal systems.","start":10204.15,"end":10210.75,"topics":[{"key":"sovereignty-and-immunities","label":"Sovereignty and Immunities","description":"Many statements emphasized that the exercise of universal jurisdiction must respect sovereign equality, non-interference, territorial integrity, and the immunities of state officials under international law. Several delegations warned that ignoring these principles would damage interstate relations and the legitimacy of the legal system."}],"words":[{"text":"and","start":10204.15,"end":10204.27},{"text":"they","start":10204.27,"end":10204.35},{"text":"should","start":10204.35,"end":10204.59},{"text":"grant","start":10204.59,"end":10205.07},{"text":"respect","start":10205.07,"end":10205.63},{"text":"for","start":10205.63,"end":10206.19},{"text":"national","start":10206.99,"end":10207.55},{"text":"legal","start":10207.55,"end":10207.87},{"text":"systems","start":10207.87,"end":10208.47},{"text":"and","start":10208.47,"end":10208.87},{"text":"the","start":10208.87,"end":10208.95},{"text":"values","start":10208.95,"end":10209.47},{"text":"of","start":10209.47,"end":10209.63},{"text":"the","start":10209.63,"end":10210.03},{"text":"legal","start":10210.03,"end":10210.31},{"text":"systems.","start":10210.31,"end":10210.75}]},{"text":"Nor should it be used selectively with political purposes to undermine the principles and purposes of international law.","start":10212.11,"end":10220.07,"topics":[{"key":"politicization-and-selective-use","label":"Politicization and Selective Use","description":"A widely shared concern was that universal jurisdiction can be abused for political, discriminatory, or selective purposes. Delegations warned against using domestic courts to target foreign officials or advance geopolitical agendas under the banner of justice."}],"words":[{"text":"Nor","start":10212.11,"end":10212.51},{"text":"should","start":10212.51,"end":10212.71},{"text":"it","start":10212.71,"end":10212.83},{"text":"be","start":10212.83,"end":10212.99},{"text":"used","start":10212.99,"end":10213.39},{"text":"selectively","start":10213.39,"end":10214.27},{"text":"with","start":10214.27,"end":10214.59},{"text":"political","start":10214.59,"end":10215.31},{"text":"purposes","start":10215.31,"end":10216.19},{"text":"to","start":10216.19,"end":10216.67},{"text":"undermine","start":10216.67,"end":10217.47},{"text":"the","start":10217.47,"end":10217.59},{"text":"principles","start":10217.59,"end":10218.11},{"text":"and","start":10218.11,"end":10218.23},{"text":"purposes","start":10218.23,"end":10218.67},{"text":"of","start":10218.67,"end":10218.91},{"text":"international","start":10218.91,"end":10219.99},{"text":"law.","start":10219.99,"end":10220.07}]},{"text":"application of this principle by national courts should be based on full respect for the principles of sovereign equality, political independence and non-interference in the internal affairs of states.","start":10222.03,"end":10233.95,"topics":[{"key":"sovereignty-and-immunities","label":"Sovereignty and Immunities","description":"Many statements emphasized that the exercise of universal jurisdiction must respect sovereign equality, non-interference, territorial integrity, and the immunities of state officials under international law. 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In this view, it should be used only when the state with primary jurisdiction is unwilling or unable genuinely to investigate and prosecute."}],"words":[{"text":"These","start":10234.83,"end":10235.31},{"text":"principles","start":10235.39,"end":10236.07},{"text":"of","start":10236.07,"end":10236.19},{"text":"international","start":10236.19,"end":10237.11},{"text":"law","start":10237.11,"end":10237.19},{"text":"represent","start":10237.19,"end":10238.11},{"text":"the","start":10238.11,"end":10238.31},{"text":"limits","start":10238.51,"end":10238.99},{"text":"on","start":10238.99,"end":10239.07},{"text":"the","start":10239.07,"end":10239.19},{"text":"application","start":10239.19,"end":10240.03},{"text":"of","start":10240.03,"end":10240.27},{"text":"universal","start":10240.27,"end":10240.91},{"text":"jurisdiction,","start":10240.91,"end":10241.87},{"text":"maintaining","start":10242.19,"end":10243.15},{"text":"its","start":10243.15,"end":10243.71},{"text":"complementary","start":10244.39,"end":10245.07},{"text":"nature","start":10245.07,"end":10245.47},{"text":"in","start":10245.63,"end":10245.87},{"text":"addition","start":10245.87,"end":10246.59},{"text":"to","start":10246.59,"end":10246.91},{"text":"the","start":10247.15,"end":10247.31},{"text":"action","start":10247.55,"end":10248.19},{"text":"of","start":10248.19,"end":10248.35},{"text":"the","start":10248.35,"end":10248.47},{"text":"national","start":10248.47,"end":10248.79},{"text":"jurisdictions","start":10248.79,"end":10249.43},{"text":"of","start":10249.43,"end":10249.55},{"text":"every","start":10249.55,"end":10249.79},{"text":"state","start":10249.79,"end":10250.27},{"text":"and","start":10250.63,"end":10250.79},{"text":"being","start":10250.79,"end":10251.03},{"text":"limited","start":10251.03,"end":10251.43},{"text":"to","start":10251.43,"end":10251.67},{"text":"exceptional","start":10251.67,"end":10252.51},{"text":"circumstances","start":10252.51,"end":10253.55},{"text":"where","start":10253.75,"end":10254.11},{"text":"there","start":10254.11,"end":10254.35},{"text":"are","start":10254.51,"end":10254.95},{"text":"no","start":10254.99,"end":10255.47},{"text":"other","start":10255.47,"end":10255.91},{"text":"means","start":10255.95,"end":10256.55},{"text":"of","start":10256.55,"end":10256.67},{"text":"avoiding","start":10257.23,"end":10257.67},{"text":"impunity.","start":10257.67,"end":10258.35}]},{"text":"We express deep concern at the undue use of universal jurisdiction through a unilateral, politically motivated, selective use of the jurisdiction of courts in developed countries against persons from developing countries without this emanating from an international treaty or other law.","start":10259.07,"end":10282.99,"topics":[{"key":"politicization-and-selective-use","label":"Politicization and Selective Use","description":"A widely shared concern was that universal jurisdiction can be abused for political, discriminatory, or selective purposes. Delegations warned against using domestic courts to target foreign officials or advance geopolitical agendas under the banner of justice."},{"key":"distinction-from-other-bases","label":"Distinction From Other Jurisdictional Bases","description":"Several speakers insisted that universal jurisdiction must be clearly distinguished from treaty-based obligations to extradite or prosecute, other forms of extraterritorial jurisdiction, and the jurisdiction of international criminal tribunals. They argued that conflating these concepts creates legal confusion and distorts state practice."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":10259.07,"end":10259.43},{"text":"express","start":10259.43,"end":10260.03},{"text":"deep","start":10260.35,"end":10260.67},{"text":"concern","start":10260.67,"end":10261.43},{"text":"at","start":10261.43,"end":10261.55},{"text":"the","start":10261.55,"end":10261.67},{"text":"undue","start":10261.79,"end":10262.59},{"text":"use","start":10262.59,"end":10263.23},{"text":"of","start":10263.51,"end":10263.71},{"text":"universal","start":10264.59,"end":10264.95},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":10264.95,"end":10266.31},{"text":"through","start":10266.71,"end":10266.99},{"text":"a","start":10266.99,"end":10267.03},{"text":"unilateral,","start":10267.03,"end":10267.99},{"text":"politically","start":10268.23,"end":10268.71},{"text":"motivated,","start":10268.71,"end":10269.35},{"text":"selective","start":10269.35,"end":10270.31},{"text":"use","start":10270.55,"end":10271.27},{"text":"of","start":10271.27,"end":10271.51},{"text":"the","start":10271.51,"end":10271.59},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":10271.59,"end":10272.47},{"text":"of","start":10272.47,"end":10272.87},{"text":"courts","start":10272.87,"end":10273.35},{"text":"in","start":10273.35,"end":10273.51},{"text":"developed","start":10273.51,"end":10274.15},{"text":"countries","start":10274.23,"end":10274.95},{"text":"against","start":10274.95,"end":10275.43},{"text":"persons","start":10275.91,"end":10276.55},{"text":"from","start":10276.55,"end":10276.87},{"text":"developing","start":10276.95,"end":10277.67},{"text":"countries","start":10277.67,"end":10278.47},{"text":"without","start":10278.47,"end":10279.11},{"text":"this","start":10279.11,"end":10279.35},{"text":"emanating","start":10279.35,"end":10280.15},{"text":"from","start":10280.15,"end":10280.35},{"text":"an","start":10280.35,"end":10280.47},{"text":"international","start":10280.47,"end":10281.43},{"text":"treaty","start":10281.59,"end":10282.23},{"text":"or","start":10282.23,"end":10282.35},{"text":"other","start":10282.35,"end":10282.55},{"text":"law.","start":10282.55,"end":10282.99}]},{"text":"Therefore, we condemn the enactment at the international law of laws of this nature targeting other states, which has serious effects on international relations.","start":10283.59,"end":10297.15,"topics":[{"key":"sovereignty-and-immunities","label":"Sovereignty and Immunities","description":"Many statements emphasized that the exercise of universal jurisdiction must respect sovereign equality, non-interference, territorial integrity, and the immunities of state officials under international law. Several delegations warned that ignoring these principles would damage interstate relations and the legitimacy of the legal system."}],"words":[{"text":"Therefore,","start":10283.59,"end":10284.39},{"text":"we","start":10284.39,"end":10284.87},{"text":"condemn","start":10284.87,"end":10285.55},{"text":"the","start":10285.75,"end":10285.87},{"text":"enactment","start":10286.23,"end":10286.95},{"text":"at","start":10286.95,"end":10287.11},{"text":"the","start":10287.11,"end":10287.23},{"text":"international","start":10287.59,"end":10288.67},{"text":"law","start":10288.67,"end":10288.75},{"text":"of","start":10288.75,"end":10288.95},{"text":"laws","start":10288.95,"end":10289.35},{"text":"of","start":10289.35,"end":10289.43},{"text":"this","start":10289.43,"end":10289.67},{"text":"nature","start":10289.67,"end":10290.31},{"text":"targeting","start":10291.79,"end":10292.27},{"text":"other","start":10292.27,"end":10292.51},{"text":"states,","start":10292.51,"end":10293.15},{"text":"which","start":10293.23,"end":10293.79},{"text":"has","start":10293.79,"end":10294.31},{"text":"serious","start":10294.31,"end":10294.75},{"text":"effects","start":10294.75,"end":10295.39},{"text":"on","start":10295.39,"end":10295.71},{"text":"international","start":10295.71,"end":10296.43},{"text":"relations.","start":10296.43,"end":10297.15}]},{"text":"Chairman, the scope and application of the principle of universal jurisdiction is of great importance, the aspects of which should be discussed by the General Assembly as the highest deliberative body of the organization in which all member states are represented on an equal footing.","start":10298.83,"end":10317.15,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"Chairman,","start":10298.83,"end":10299.39},{"text":"the","start":10299.39,"end":10299.51},{"text":"scope","start":10299.55,"end":10299.95},{"text":"and","start":10299.95,"end":10300.07},{"text":"application","start":10300.07,"end":10300.71},{"text":"of","start":10300.71,"end":10300.79},{"text":"the","start":10300.79,"end":10300.91},{"text":"principle","start":10300.91,"end":10301.47},{"text":"of","start":10301.47,"end":10301.55},{"text":"universal","start":10301.55,"end":10302.19},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":10302.19,"end":10303.15},{"text":"is","start":10303.15,"end":10303.79},{"text":"of","start":10304.03,"end":10304.43},{"text":"great","start":10304.43,"end":10304.83},{"text":"importance,","start":10304.83,"end":10305.79},{"text":"the","start":10305.87,"end":10306.07},{"text":"aspects","start":10306.07,"end":10306.59},{"text":"of","start":10306.59,"end":10306.67},{"text":"which","start":10306.67,"end":10306.91},{"text":"should","start":10306.91,"end":10307.19},{"text":"be","start":10307.19,"end":10307.31},{"text":"discussed","start":10307.31,"end":10307.87},{"text":"by","start":10307.87,"end":10308.03},{"text":"the","start":10308.03,"end":10308.19},{"text":"General","start":10308.19,"end":10308.55},{"text":"Assembly","start":10308.55,"end":10309.15},{"text":"as","start":10309.15,"end":10309.47},{"text":"the","start":10309.47,"end":10309.63},{"text":"highest","start":10309.63,"end":10310.27},{"text":"deliberative","start":10310.67,"end":10311.39},{"text":"body","start":10311.39,"end":10311.71},{"text":"of","start":10311.71,"end":10311.79},{"text":"the","start":10311.79,"end":10311.91},{"text":"organization","start":10311.91,"end":10312.99},{"text":"in","start":10312.99,"end":10313.23},{"text":"which","start":10313.23,"end":10313.55},{"text":"all","start":10313.55,"end":10313.79},{"text":"member","start":10313.79,"end":10314.11},{"text":"states","start":10314.11,"end":10314.59},{"text":"are","start":10314.59,"end":10315.03},{"text":"represented","start":10315.03,"end":10315.87},{"text":"on","start":10315.87,"end":10315.99},{"text":"an","start":10315.99,"end":10316.19},{"text":"equal","start":10316.19,"end":10316.51},{"text":"footing.","start":10316.51,"end":10317.15}]},{"text":"the central aim of the work of the assembly here should be to regulate or establish international guidelines to avoid the misuse of this principle and to protect international peace and security.","start":10319.03,"end":10332.63,"topics":[{"key":"politicization-and-selective-use","label":"Politicization and Selective Use","description":"A widely shared concern was that universal jurisdiction can be abused for political, discriminatory, or selective purposes. Delegations warned against using domestic courts to target foreign officials or advance geopolitical agendas under the banner of justice."}],"words":[{"text":"the","start":10319.03,"end":10319.07},{"text":"central","start":10319.59,"end":10320.31},{"text":"aim","start":10320.31,"end":10320.67},{"text":"of","start":10320.67,"end":10320.79},{"text":"the","start":10320.79,"end":10320.87},{"text":"work","start":10320.87,"end":10321.15},{"text":"of","start":10321.15,"end":10321.27},{"text":"the","start":10321.27,"end":10321.39},{"text":"assembly","start":10321.39,"end":10321.91},{"text":"here","start":10321.91,"end":10322.31},{"text":"should","start":10322.31,"end":10322.71},{"text":"be","start":10322.71,"end":10322.95},{"text":"to","start":10322.95,"end":10323.11},{"text":"regulate","start":10323.11,"end":10323.91},{"text":"or","start":10323.91,"end":10324.79},{"text":"establish","start":10324.79,"end":10325.43},{"text":"international","start":10325.43,"end":10326.15},{"text":"guidelines","start":10326.15,"end":10326.95},{"text":"to","start":10326.95,"end":10327.27},{"text":"avoid","start":10327.59,"end":10328.07},{"text":"the","start":10328.07,"end":10328.19},{"text":"misuse","start":10328.19,"end":10328.87},{"text":"of","start":10328.87,"end":10329.11},{"text":"this","start":10329.11,"end":10329.35},{"text":"principle","start":10329.35,"end":10329.99},{"text":"and","start":10329.99,"end":10330.19},{"text":"to","start":10330.19,"end":10330.31},{"text":"protect","start":10330.31,"end":10330.79},{"text":"international","start":10330.79,"end":10331.43},{"text":"peace","start":10331.43,"end":10331.67},{"text":"and","start":10331.67,"end":10331.83},{"text":"security.","start":10331.83,"end":10332.63}]},{"text":"Cuba supports the drafting of international guidelines that clearly establish on what conditions or within which limits one could invoke the principle of universal jurisdiction as well as the crimes to which such principle should be applied.","start":10333.27,"end":10349.67,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"Cuba","start":10333.27,"end":10333.67},{"text":"supports","start":10333.67,"end":10334.39},{"text":"the","start":10334.39,"end":10334.59},{"text":"drafting","start":10334.71,"end":10335.59},{"text":"of","start":10335.59,"end":10335.91},{"text":"international","start":10335.91,"end":10336.63},{"text":"guidelines","start":10336.63,"end":10337.39},{"text":"that","start":10337.39,"end":10337.59},{"text":"clearly","start":10337.59,"end":10338.15},{"text":"establish","start":10338.15,"end":10338.79},{"text":"on","start":10338.79,"end":10339.03},{"text":"what","start":10339.03,"end":10339.43},{"text":"conditions","start":10339.67,"end":10340.47},{"text":"or","start":10340.47,"end":10340.55},{"text":"within","start":10340.55,"end":10340.91},{"text":"which","start":10340.91,"end":10341.19},{"text":"limits","start":10341.19,"end":10341.83},{"text":"one","start":10342.23,"end":10342.63},{"text":"could","start":10342.63,"end":10342.87},{"text":"invoke","start":10342.87,"end":10343.43},{"text":"the","start":10343.43,"end":10343.51},{"text":"principle","start":10343.51,"end":10344.07},{"text":"of","start":10344.07,"end":10344.15},{"text":"universal","start":10344.15,"end":10344.71},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":10344.71,"end":10345.51},{"text":"as","start":10345.51,"end":10345.67},{"text":"well","start":10345.67,"end":10345.91},{"text":"as","start":10345.91,"end":10346.07},{"text":"the","start":10346.07,"end":10346.27},{"text":"crimes","start":10347.03,"end":10347.47},{"text":"to","start":10347.47,"end":10347.55},{"text":"which","start":10347.55,"end":10347.75},{"text":"such","start":10347.75,"end":10347.99},{"text":"principle","start":10347.99,"end":10348.63},{"text":"should","start":10348.63,"end":10348.79},{"text":"be","start":10348.79,"end":10348.99},{"text":"applied.","start":10348.99,"end":10349.67}]},{"text":"In this context, we are grateful for the work of the open-ended working group and the work particularly of the chair of that working group.","start":10349.91,"end":10358.55,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":10349.91,"end":10350.15},{"text":"this","start":10350.15,"end":10350.39},{"text":"context,","start":10350.39,"end":10351.11},{"text":"we","start":10351.11,"end":10351.59},{"text":"are","start":10351.59,"end":10351.79},{"text":"grateful","start":10351.79,"end":10352.23},{"text":"for","start":10352.23,"end":10352.39},{"text":"the","start":10352.39,"end":10352.55},{"text":"work","start":10352.55,"end":10352.95},{"text":"of","start":10352.95,"end":10353.27},{"text":"the","start":10353.27,"end":10353.67},{"text":"open-ended","start":10353.67,"end":10354.23},{"text":"working","start":10354.23,"end":10354.79},{"text":"group","start":10354.79,"end":10355.19},{"text":"and","start":10355.19,"end":10355.59},{"text":"the","start":10355.99,"end":10356.15},{"text":"work","start":10356.15,"end":10356.47},{"text":"particularly","start":10356.47,"end":10357.03},{"text":"of","start":10357.03,"end":10357.11},{"text":"the","start":10357.11,"end":10357.27},{"text":"chair","start":10357.27,"end":10357.63},{"text":"of","start":10357.63,"end":10357.71},{"text":"that","start":10357.71,"end":10357.83},{"text":"working","start":10357.83,"end":10358.23},{"text":"group.","start":10358.23,"end":10358.55}]},{"text":"The crimes that are subject to the application of this principle should be subjected to crimes against humanity and should be invoked only where it has been established where there are no other means of taking criminal action against the alleged perpetrators.","start":10359.19,"end":10376.47,"topics":[{"key":"subsidiarity-and-last-resort","label":"Subsidiarity and Last Resort","description":"Numerous speakers argued that universal jurisdiction should be secondary to territorial, nationality-based, or other closer jurisdictional links. In this view, it should be used only when the state with primary jurisdiction is unwilling or unable genuinely to investigate and prosecute."},{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":10359.19,"end":10359.39},{"text":"crimes","start":10359.75,"end":10360.63},{"text":"that","start":10360.87,"end":10361.03},{"text":"are","start":10361.11,"end":10361.43},{"text":"subject","start":10361.43,"end":10361.87},{"text":"to","start":10361.87,"end":10361.95},{"text":"the","start":10361.95,"end":10362.03},{"text":"application","start":10362.03,"end":10362.55},{"text":"of","start":10362.55,"end":10362.63},{"text":"this","start":10362.63,"end":10362.79},{"text":"principle","start":10362.79,"end":10363.35},{"text":"should","start":10363.35,"end":10363.51},{"text":"be","start":10363.51,"end":10363.75},{"text":"subjected","start":10363.75,"end":10364.47},{"text":"to","start":10364.47,"end":10364.71},{"text":"crimes","start":10364.71,"end":10365.15},{"text":"against","start":10365.15,"end":10365.43},{"text":"humanity","start":10365.43,"end":10366.23},{"text":"and","start":10366.47,"end":10366.87},{"text":"should","start":10367.35,"end":10367.83},{"text":"be","start":10367.83,"end":10368.23},{"text":"invoked","start":10368.31,"end":10368.95},{"text":"only","start":10369.03,"end":10369.39},{"text":"where","start":10369.39,"end":10369.99},{"text":"it","start":10370.31,"end":10370.47},{"text":"has","start":10370.47,"end":10370.71},{"text":"been","start":10370.71,"end":10370.91},{"text":"established","start":10370.91,"end":10371.51},{"text":"where","start":10371.51,"end":10371.75},{"text":"there","start":10371.75,"end":10372.07},{"text":"are","start":10372.07,"end":10372.31},{"text":"no","start":10372.47,"end":10372.79},{"text":"other","start":10372.79,"end":10373.19},{"text":"means","start":10373.19,"end":10373.75},{"text":"of","start":10373.79,"end":10373.91},{"text":"taking","start":10373.91,"end":10374.23},{"text":"criminal","start":10374.23,"end":10374.63},{"text":"action","start":10374.63,"end":10374.95},{"text":"against","start":10374.95,"end":10375.27},{"text":"the","start":10375.27,"end":10375.47},{"text":"alleged","start":10375.47,"end":10375.67},{"text":"perpetrators.","start":10375.67,"end":10376.47}]},{"text":"absolute immunity of heads of state, diplomatic staff and other high-ranking officials in office should not be subject to any questioning, nor should there be any violation of universally accepted principles under the use of universal jurisdiction.","start":10377.95,"end":10400.91,"topics":[{"key":"sovereignty-and-immunities","label":"Sovereignty and Immunities","description":"Many statements emphasized that the exercise of universal jurisdiction must respect sovereign equality, non-interference, territorial integrity, and the immunities of state officials under international law. Several delegations warned that ignoring these principles would damage interstate relations and the legitimacy of the legal system."}],"words":[{"text":"absolute","start":10377.95,"end":10378.55},{"text":"immunity","start":10378.55,"end":10378.99},{"text":"of","start":10378.99,"end":10379.07},{"text":"heads","start":10379.07,"end":10379.35},{"text":"of","start":10379.35,"end":10379.47},{"text":"state,","start":10379.47,"end":10380.11},{"text":"diplomatic","start":10380.27,"end":10380.95},{"text":"staff","start":10380.95,"end":10381.39},{"text":"and","start":10381.39,"end":10381.71},{"text":"other","start":10381.71,"end":10382.19},{"text":"high-ranking","start":10382.19,"end":10383.23},{"text":"officials","start":10383.23,"end":10383.87},{"text":"in","start":10383.87,"end":10384.27},{"text":"office","start":10384.91,"end":10385.55},{"text":"should","start":10386.91,"end":10387.19},{"text":"not","start":10387.19,"end":10387.39},{"text":"be","start":10387.39,"end":10387.63},{"text":"subject","start":10387.63,"end":10388.35},{"text":"to","start":10388.35,"end":10388.59},{"text":"any","start":10388.67,"end":10388.91},{"text":"questioning,","start":10388.91,"end":10389.55},{"text":"nor","start":10390.07,"end":10390.55},{"text":"should","start":10391.23,"end":10391.47},{"text":"there","start":10391.47,"end":10391.63},{"text":"be","start":10391.63,"end":10391.79},{"text":"any","start":10391.79,"end":10392.27},{"text":"violation","start":10392.35,"end":10393.31},{"text":"of","start":10393.31,"end":10393.87},{"text":"universally","start":10393.87,"end":10395.07},{"text":"accepted","start":10395.15,"end":10395.91},{"text":"principles","start":10395.91,"end":10396.83},{"text":"under","start":10396.83,"end":10397.47},{"text":"the","start":10397.63,"end":10397.83},{"text":"use","start":10398.51,"end":10398.99},{"text":"of","start":10398.99,"end":10399.39},{"text":"universal","start":10399.87,"end":10400.35},{"text":"jurisdiction.","start":10400.35,"end":10400.91}]},{"text":"This would be contrary to the provisions of the UN Charter and the rule of law.","start":10400.91,"end":10405.87,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":10400.91,"end":10401.07},{"text":"would","start":10401.07,"end":10401.19},{"text":"be","start":10401.19,"end":10401.31},{"text":"contrary","start":10401.31,"end":10401.87},{"text":"to","start":10401.87,"end":10402.03},{"text":"the","start":10402.03,"end":10402.15},{"text":"provisions","start":10402.19,"end":10403.35},{"text":"of","start":10403.35,"end":10403.47},{"text":"the","start":10403.47,"end":10403.55},{"text":"UN","start":10403.55,"end":10403.87},{"text":"Charter","start":10403.87,"end":10404.43},{"text":"and","start":10404.75,"end":10404.95},{"text":"the","start":10404.95,"end":10405.07},{"text":"rule","start":10405.07,"end":10405.27},{"text":"of","start":10405.27,"end":10405.39},{"text":"law.","start":10405.39,"end":10405.87}]},{"text":"Chairman, my delegation reiterates its firm support for the efforts of the international community to combat impunity and prosecute those responsible for the most serious crimes against humanity.","start":10407.19,"end":10421.83,"topics":[{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. 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first delegation that requested the exercise of right of reply is the Russian Federation.","start":10510.31,"end":10514.87,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":10510.31,"end":10510.39},{"text":"first","start":10510.39,"end":10510.95},{"text":"delegation","start":10511.03,"end":10511.67},{"text":"that","start":10511.67,"end":10511.83},{"text":"requested","start":10511.83,"end":10512.59},{"text":"the","start":10512.59,"end":10512.67},{"text":"exercise","start":10512.67,"end":10513.11},{"text":"of","start":10513.11,"end":10513.19},{"text":"right","start":10513.19,"end":10513.39},{"text":"of","start":10513.39,"end":10513.51},{"text":"reply","start":10513.51,"end":10513.83},{"text":"is","start":10513.83,"end":10513.91},{"text":"the","start":10513.91,"end":10514.07},{"text":"Russian","start":10514.07,"end":10514.31},{"text":"Federation.","start":10514.31,"end":10514.87}]},{"text":"You have the floor.","start":10514.87,"end":10515.59,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"You","start":10514.87,"end":10514.99},{"text":"have","start":10514.99,"end":10515.11},{"text":"the","start":10515.11,"end":10515.23},{"text":"floor.","start":10515.23,"end":10515.59}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"6th Committee","affiliation_full":"6th Committee","group":null,"function":"Vice-Chair"}},{"statement_number":78,"start":10519.95,"pageUrl":"/en/ga/c6/80/23?t=10520","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, distinguished Mr. Chairman.","start":10519.95,"end":10522.19,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":10519.95,"end":10520.35},{"text":"you,","start":10520.43,"end":10520.67},{"text":"distinguished","start":10520.67,"end":10521.31},{"text":"Mr.","start":10521.31,"end":10521.63},{"text":"Chairman.","start":10521.63,"end":10522.19}]},{"text":"I will try to be as brief as possible.","start":10522.51,"end":10524.99,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":10522.51,"end":10522.67},{"text":"will","start":10522.67,"end":10522.91},{"text":"try","start":10522.91,"end":10523.47},{"text":"to","start":10523.47,"end":10523.71},{"text":"be","start":10523.71,"end":10523.95},{"text":"as","start":10523.95,"end":10524.03},{"text":"brief","start":10524.03,"end":10524.35},{"text":"as","start":10524.35,"end":10524.51},{"text":"possible.","start":10524.51,"end":10524.99}]},{"text":"Unfortunately, we had to use our right to reply because yesterday, once again, we heard from some delegations yet more anti-Russian remarks pertaining to universal jurisdiction.","start":10524.99,"end":10542.03,"topics":[{"key":"politicization-and-selective-use","label":"Politicization and Selective Use","description":"A widely shared concern was that universal jurisdiction can be abused for political, discriminatory, or selective purposes. Delegations warned against using domestic courts to target foreign officials or advance geopolitical agendas under the banner of justice."}],"words":[{"text":"Unfortunately,","start":10524.99,"end":10525.79},{"text":"we","start":10526.03,"end":10526.35},{"text":"had","start":10526.35,"end":10526.71},{"text":"to","start":10526.71,"end":10526.95},{"text":"use","start":10526.95,"end":10527.31},{"text":"our","start":10527.31,"end":10527.51},{"text":"right","start":10527.51,"end":10527.75},{"text":"to","start":10527.75,"end":10527.83},{"text":"reply","start":10527.83,"end":10528.43},{"text":"because","start":10528.83,"end":10529.31},{"text":"yesterday,","start":10529.31,"end":10530.35},{"text":"once","start":10530.51,"end":10530.99},{"text":"again,","start":10530.99,"end":10531.47},{"text":"we","start":10531.47,"end":10532.03},{"text":"heard","start":10532.03,"end":10532.35},{"text":"from","start":10532.35,"end":10532.67},{"text":"some","start":10532.67,"end":10533.07},{"text":"delegations","start":10533.55,"end":10534.75},{"text":"yet","start":10535.99,"end":10536.27},{"text":"more","start":10536.27,"end":10536.63},{"text":"anti-Russian","start":10538.07,"end":10538.83},{"text":"remarks","start":10539.07,"end":10539.71},{"text":"pertaining","start":10539.87,"end":10540.35},{"text":"to","start":10540.35,"end":10540.47},{"text":"universal","start":10540.47,"end":10541.07},{"text":"jurisdiction.","start":10541.07,"end":10542.03}]},{"text":"This institution has been warped into something that is used for political pressure and this seems to be extremely hypocritical.","start":10543.03,"end":10552.55,"topics":[{"key":"politicization-and-selective-use","label":"Politicization and Selective Use","description":"A widely shared concern was that universal jurisdiction can be abused for political, discriminatory, or selective purposes. Delegations warned against using domestic courts to target foreign officials or advance geopolitical agendas under the banner of justice."},{"key":"sovereignty-and-immunities","label":"Sovereignty and Immunities","description":"Many statements emphasized that the exercise of universal jurisdiction must respect sovereign equality, non-interference, territorial integrity, and the immunities of state officials under international law. Several delegations warned that ignoring these principles would damage interstate relations and the legitimacy of the legal system."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":10543.03,"end":10543.43},{"text":"institution","start":10543.43,"end":10544.63},{"text":"has","start":10544.79,"end":10545.35},{"text":"been","start":10545.35,"end":10545.67},{"text":"warped","start":10545.67,"end":10546.07},{"text":"into","start":10546.07,"end":10546.51},{"text":"something","start":10546.95,"end":10547.67},{"text":"that","start":10547.99,"end":10548.39},{"text":"is","start":10548.39,"end":10548.87},{"text":"used","start":10549.19,"end":10549.47},{"text":"for","start":10549.47,"end":10549.71},{"text":"political","start":10549.71,"end":10550.11},{"text":"pressure","start":10550.11,"end":10550.47},{"text":"and","start":10550.47,"end":10550.59},{"text":"this","start":10550.59,"end":10550.91},{"text":"seems","start":10550.91,"end":10551.11},{"text":"to","start":10551.11,"end":10551.19},{"text":"be","start":10551.19,"end":10551.31},{"text":"extremely","start":10551.31,"end":10551.75},{"text":"hypocritical.","start":10551.75,"end":10552.55}]},{"text":"The committee started to discuss this with the desire apparently according to our Western colleagues for fairness because they were cynically continuing to abuse universal jurisdiction for political purposes these so-called combat against impunity struggle against impunity is just an excuse to get involved in interference in gross violation of international law so who is trying to convince us of the effectiveness of universal jurisdiction more than anyone else it is those who have broad experience of the systematic use of genocide and war crimes, those who after the Nuremberg tribunals refused to ratify the convention about the statute of limitations for war crimes enabling criminals calmly to go away without any punishment for the heinous crimes that they had committed.","start":10553.11,"end":10613.63,"topics":[{"key":"politicization-and-selective-use","label":"Politicization and Selective Use","description":"A widely shared concern was that universal jurisdiction can be abused for political, discriminatory, or selective purposes. Delegations warned against using domestic courts to target foreign officials or advance geopolitical agendas under the banner of justice."},{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. 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is the people, the successive of those who once promoted Nazism and who were under Nazi criminals, none of them used universal jurisdiction against their own colleagues in the 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example, yesterday it was very interesting for us to hear the contribution of the distinguished representative of Germany, who directly listed who his country is intending to use universal jurisdiction against.","start":10635.15,"end":10649.59,"topics":[{"key":"politicization-and-selective-use","label":"Politicization and Selective Use","description":"A widely shared concern was that universal jurisdiction can be abused for political, discriminatory, or selective purposes. Delegations warned against using domestic courts to target foreign officials or advance geopolitical agendas under the banner of justice."}],"words":[{"text":"For","start":10635.15,"end":10635.23},{"text":"example,","start":10635.23,"end":10635.79},{"text":"yesterday","start":10635.91,"end":10636.59},{"text":"it","start":10636.67,"end":10636.79},{"text":"was","start":10636.79,"end":10636.91},{"text":"very","start":10636.91,"end":10637.11},{"text":"interesting","start":10637.11,"end":10637.55},{"text":"for","start":10637.55,"end":10637.71},{"text":"us","start":10637.71,"end":10637.95},{"text":"to","start":10637.95,"end":10638.11},{"text":"hear","start":10638.11,"end":10638.35},{"text":"the","start":10638.35,"end":10638.47},{"text":"contribution","start":10638.47,"end":10639.15},{"text":"of","start":10639.15,"end":10639.31},{"text":"the","start":10639.31,"end":10639.39},{"text":"distinguished","start":10639.39,"end":10639.83},{"text":"representative","start":10639.83,"end":10640.35},{"text":"of","start":10640.35,"end":10640.43},{"text":"Germany,","start":10640.43,"end":10640.99},{"text":"who","start":10641.39,"end":10641.79},{"text":"directly","start":10642.27,"end":10642.91},{"text":"listed","start":10642.91,"end":10643.87},{"text":"who","start":10644.35,"end":10644.83},{"text":"his","start":10644.99,"end":10645.55},{"text":"country","start":10645.87,"end":10646.43},{"text":"is","start":10646.43,"end":10646.75},{"text":"intending","start":10646.75,"end":10647.27},{"text":"to","start":10647.27,"end":10647.43},{"text":"use","start":10647.43,"end":10647.75},{"text":"universal","start":10647.79,"end":10648.35},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":10648.35,"end":10648.95},{"text":"against.","start":10648.95,"end":10649.59}]},{"text":"It is very strange that we did not hear in that list those people who are responsible for the military adventure and forays into Libya, into Afghanistan and into Iraq.","start":10650.35,"end":10664.83,"topics":[{"key":"politicization-and-selective-use","label":"Politicization and Selective Use","description":"A widely shared concern was that universal jurisdiction can be abused for political, discriminatory, or selective purposes. Delegations warned against using domestic courts to target foreign officials or advance geopolitical agendas under the banner of justice."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":10650.35,"end":10650.51},{"text":"is","start":10650.51,"end":10650.59},{"text":"very","start":10651.23,"end":10651.47},{"text":"strange","start":10651.47,"end":10652.15},{"text":"that","start":10652.15,"end":10652.35},{"text":"we","start":10652.35,"end":10652.59},{"text":"did","start":10652.59,"end":10652.79},{"text":"not","start":10652.79,"end":10653.23},{"text":"hear","start":10653.23,"end":10653.35},{"text":"in","start":10653.35,"end":10653.43},{"text":"that","start":10653.43,"end":10653.63},{"text":"list","start":10653.83,"end":10654.27},{"text":"those","start":10654.67,"end":10654.91},{"text":"people","start":10654.91,"end":10655.47},{"text":"who","start":10655.47,"end":10655.87},{"text":"are","start":10655.95,"end":10656.43},{"text":"responsible","start":10656.75,"end":10657.63},{"text":"for","start":10657.63,"end":10658.03},{"text":"the","start":10658.03,"end":10658.23},{"text":"military","start":10658.75,"end":10659.71},{"text":"adventure","start":10659.95,"end":10660.95},{"text":"and","start":10660.95,"end":10661.15},{"text":"forays","start":10661.15,"end":10661.71},{"text":"into","start":10661.71,"end":10662.11},{"text":"Libya,","start":10662.19,"end":10662.63},{"text":"into","start":10662.63,"end":10662.91},{"text":"Afghanistan","start":10662.91,"end":10663.59},{"text":"and","start":10663.59,"end":10663.71},{"text":"into","start":10663.71,"end":10664.15},{"text":"Iraq.","start":10664.15,"end":10664.83}]},{"text":"So, in the views of the West, universal jurisdiction is not universal, it is just selective.","start":10665.23,"end":10672.75,"topics":[{"key":"politicization-and-selective-use","label":"Politicization and Selective Use","description":"A widely shared concern was that universal jurisdiction can be abused for political, discriminatory, or selective purposes. Delegations warned against using domestic courts to target foreign officials or advance geopolitical agendas under the banner of justice."}],"words":[{"text":"So,","start":10665.23,"end":10666.03},{"text":"in","start":10666.43,"end":10666.67},{"text":"the","start":10666.67,"end":10666.87},{"text":"views","start":10666.91,"end":10667.31},{"text":"of","start":10667.31,"end":10667.47},{"text":"the","start":10667.47,"end":10667.63},{"text":"West,","start":10667.63,"end":10668.27},{"text":"universal","start":10668.27,"end":10668.91},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":10668.91,"end":10669.79},{"text":"is","start":10669.79,"end":10669.95},{"text":"not","start":10669.95,"end":10670.19},{"text":"universal,","start":10670.23,"end":10670.91},{"text":"it","start":10670.91,"end":10671.11},{"text":"is","start":10671.11,"end":10671.31},{"text":"just","start":10671.31,"end":10671.63},{"text":"selective.","start":10671.79,"end":10672.75}]},{"text":"All of this is based on the so-called rules-based order that has absolutely nothing to do with universal law and international law, and in particular has nothing to do with the UN Charter.","start":10673.19,"end":10682.83,"topics":[{"key":"sovereignty-and-immunities","label":"Sovereignty and Immunities","description":"Many statements emphasized that the exercise of universal jurisdiction must respect sovereign equality, non-interference, territorial integrity, and the immunities of state officials under international law. Several delegations warned that ignoring these principles would damage interstate relations and the legitimacy of the legal system."},{"key":"distinction-from-other-bases","label":"Distinction From Other Jurisdictional Bases","description":"Several speakers insisted that universal jurisdiction must be clearly distinguished from treaty-based obligations to extradite or prosecute, other forms of extraterritorial jurisdiction, and the jurisdiction of international criminal tribunals. 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Today I would like to begin to exercise our right of reply on a positive note.","start":10692.67,"end":10699.59,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":10692.67,"end":10692.87},{"text":"you,","start":10692.87,"end":10692.95},{"text":"Mr.","start":10692.95,"end":10693.19},{"text":"Chair.","start":10693.19,"end":10693.63},{"text":"Today","start":10694.79,"end":10695.11},{"text":"I","start":10695.11,"end":10695.15},{"text":"would","start":10695.15,"end":10695.27},{"text":"like","start":10695.27,"end":10695.51},{"text":"to","start":10695.51,"end":10695.67},{"text":"begin","start":10695.67,"end":10696.15},{"text":"to","start":10696.39,"end":10696.55},{"text":"exercise","start":10696.55,"end":10697.35},{"text":"our","start":10697.35,"end":10697.55},{"text":"right","start":10697.55,"end":10697.79},{"text":"of","start":10697.79,"end":10697.99},{"text":"reply","start":10697.99,"end":10698.55},{"text":"on","start":10698.55,"end":10698.71},{"text":"a","start":10698.71,"end":10698.75},{"text":"positive","start":10698.75,"end":10699.19},{"text":"note.","start":10699.19,"end":10699.59}]},{"text":"Particularly, I wish to congratulate this distinguished forum.","start":10700.95,"end":10704.55,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Particularly,","start":10700.95,"end":10701.75},{"text":"I","start":10701.75,"end":10701.91},{"text":"wish","start":10701.91,"end":10702.07},{"text":"to","start":10702.07,"end":10702.19},{"text":"congratulate","start":10702.19,"end":10702.95},{"text":"this","start":10702.95,"end":10703.43},{"text":"distinguished","start":10703.59,"end":10704.11},{"text":"forum.","start":10704.11,"end":10704.55}]},{"text":"We almost managed to conclude a day of debate while focusing solely on the legal aspects of the agenda.","start":10705.27,"end":10711.75,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":10705.27,"end":10705.43},{"text":"almost","start":10705.43,"end":10705.99},{"text":"managed","start":10706.15,"end":10706.55},{"text":"to","start":10706.55,"end":10706.71},{"text":"conclude","start":10706.71,"end":10707.35},{"text":"a","start":10707.43,"end":10707.47},{"text":"day","start":10707.47,"end":10707.83},{"text":"of","start":10707.83,"end":10707.91},{"text":"debate","start":10707.91,"end":10708.43},{"text":"while","start":10708.43,"end":10708.63},{"text":"focusing","start":10708.63,"end":10709.03},{"text":"solely","start":10709.03,"end":10709.75},{"text":"on","start":10709.75,"end":10709.99},{"text":"the","start":10709.99,"end":10710.11},{"text":"legal","start":10710.11,"end":10710.47},{"text":"aspects","start":10710.47,"end":10710.99},{"text":"of","start":10710.99,"end":10711.11},{"text":"the","start":10711.11,"end":10711.23},{"text":"agenda.","start":10711.23,"end":10711.75}]},{"text":"We addressed the challenges, concerns and opportunities of this important matter of universal jurisdiction almost without any interferences.","start":10712.87,"end":10721.67,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":10712.87,"end":10713.03},{"text":"addressed","start":10713.03,"end":10713.47},{"text":"the","start":10713.47,"end":10713.59},{"text":"challenges,","start":10713.59,"end":10714.39},{"text":"concerns","start":10714.39,"end":10715.27},{"text":"and","start":10715.27,"end":10715.51},{"text":"opportunities","start":10715.51,"end":10716.27},{"text":"of","start":10716.27,"end":10716.39},{"text":"this","start":10716.39,"end":10716.55},{"text":"important","start":10716.55,"end":10717.03},{"text":"matter","start":10717.03,"end":10717.35},{"text":"of","start":10717.35,"end":10717.51},{"text":"universal","start":10717.51,"end":10717.99},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":10717.99,"end":10718.71},{"text":"almost","start":10718.95,"end":10719.75},{"text":"without","start":10720.23,"end":10720.63},{"text":"any","start":10720.63,"end":10720.83},{"text":"interferences.","start":10720.83,"end":10721.67}]},{"text":"We were so, so close.","start":10722.63,"end":10724.55,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":10722.63,"end":10722.71},{"text":"were","start":10722.71,"end":10722.95},{"text":"so,","start":10722.95,"end":10723.67},{"text":"so","start":10723.67,"end":10723.99},{"text":"close.","start":10723.99,"end":10724.55}]},{"text":"But once again, I'm forced to take up the time of this esteemed forum to note with regret that the Palestinian delegation could once again not resist the temptation to politicize yet another professional legal discussion.","start":10724.71,"end":10738.71,"topics":[{"key":"politicization-and-selective-use","label":"Politicization and Selective Use","description":"A widely shared concern was that universal jurisdiction can be abused for political, discriminatory, or selective purposes. 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Delegations warned against using domestic courts to target foreign officials or advance geopolitical agendas under the banner of 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of discussing substance, we love discussing politics.","start":10773.99,"end":10777.75,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Instead","start":10773.99,"end":10774.55},{"text":"of","start":10774.55,"end":10774.71},{"text":"discussing","start":10774.71,"end":10775.27},{"text":"substance,","start":10775.27,"end":10775.99},{"text":"we","start":10776.07,"end":10776.27},{"text":"love","start":10776.27,"end":10776.39},{"text":"discussing","start":10776.39,"end":10776.95},{"text":"politics.","start":10776.95,"end":10777.75}]},{"text":"Instead of addressing legal issues, we are forced to listen to the same empty accusations and endless false narrative, none of which contribute anything productive to the legal and interesting debate 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refuses to lower the level of the discussion in this forum by responding substantively to such accusations.","start":10793.55,"end":10801.39,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Israel","start":10793.55,"end":10793.79},{"text":"refuses","start":10793.79,"end":10794.51},{"text":"to","start":10794.99,"end":10795.15},{"text":"lower","start":10795.15,"end":10795.47},{"text":"the","start":10795.47,"end":10795.55},{"text":"level","start":10795.55,"end":10795.91},{"text":"of","start":10795.91,"end":10795.99},{"text":"the","start":10795.99,"end":10796.07},{"text":"discussion","start":10796.07,"end":10796.59},{"text":"in","start":10796.59,"end":10796.67},{"text":"this","start":10796.67,"end":10796.91},{"text":"forum","start":10796.91,"end":10797.23},{"text":"by","start":10797.23,"end":10797.31},{"text":"responding","start":10797.31,"end":10798.51},{"text":"substantively","start":10798.51,"end":10799.39},{"text":"to","start":10800.03,"end":10800.23},{"text":"such","start":10800.23,"end":10800.51},{"text":"accusations.","start":10800.51,"end":10801.39}]},{"text":"We simply wish to congratulate the forum for almost succeeding to holding depoliticized debate under this item.","start":10801.95,"end":10809.31,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":10801.95,"end":10802.15},{"text":"simply","start":10802.15,"end":10802.51},{"text":"wish","start":10802.51,"end":10802.83},{"text":"to","start":10802.83,"end":10802.91},{"text":"congratulate","start":10802.91,"end":10803.79},{"text":"the","start":10803.79,"end":10803.91},{"text":"forum","start":10803.91,"end":10804.27},{"text":"for","start":10804.27,"end":10804.51},{"text":"almost","start":10804.51,"end":10805.15},{"text":"succeeding","start":10805.23,"end":10805.87},{"text":"to","start":10805.87,"end":10805.99},{"text":"holding","start":10805.99,"end":10806.43},{"text":"depoliticized","start":10806.91,"end":10807.83},{"text":"debate","start":10807.83,"end":10808.27},{"text":"under","start":10808.27,"end":10808.55},{"text":"this","start":10808.55,"end":10808.75},{"text":"item.","start":10808.75,"end":10809.31}]},{"text":"We almost made it.","start":10809.55,"end":10811.31,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":10809.55,"end":10810.03},{"text":"almost","start":10810.11,"end":10810.75},{"text":"made","start":10810.75,"end":10811.03},{"text":"it.","start":10811.03,"end":10811.31}]},{"text":"One day, perhaps, the Palestinian delegation can join the rest of us.","start":10811.87,"end":10815.63,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"One","start":10811.87,"end":10812.11},{"text":"day,","start":10812.11,"end":10812.35},{"text":"perhaps,","start":10812.35,"end":10812.91},{"text":"the","start":10812.99,"end":10813.19},{"text":"Palestinian","start":10813.19,"end":10813.63},{"text":"delegation","start":10813.63,"end":10814.27},{"text":"can","start":10814.27,"end":10814.43},{"text":"join","start":10814.43,"end":10814.79},{"text":"the","start":10814.79,"end":10814.87},{"text":"rest","start":10814.87,"end":10815.15},{"text":"of","start":10815.15,"end":10815.31},{"text":"us.","start":10815.31,"end":10815.63}]},{"text":"Thank you, and congratulations again.","start":10816.67,"end":10818.83,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":10816.67,"end":10816.91},{"text":"you,","start":10816.91,"end":10817.07},{"text":"and","start":10817.47,"end":10817.71},{"text":"congratulations","start":10817.71,"end":10818.43},{"text":"again.","start":10818.43,"end":10818.83}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"ISR","affiliation_full":"Israel","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":81,"start":10820.35,"pageUrl":"/en/ga/c6/80/23?t=10821","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, and I will now give the floor to the observer state of Palestine for short and concise exercise right of 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one point, the mics will just be cut off and I cannot do anything about that.","start":10826.83,"end":10830.59,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"At","start":10826.83,"end":10827.07},{"text":"one","start":10827.07,"end":10827.23},{"text":"point,","start":10827.23,"end":10827.63},{"text":"the","start":10827.71,"end":10827.83},{"text":"mics","start":10827.83,"end":10828.11},{"text":"will","start":10828.11,"end":10828.27},{"text":"just","start":10828.27,"end":10828.47},{"text":"be","start":10828.47,"end":10828.59},{"text":"cut","start":10828.59,"end":10828.79},{"text":"off","start":10828.79,"end":10828.91},{"text":"and","start":10828.91,"end":10829.07},{"text":"I","start":10829.07,"end":10829.15},{"text":"cannot","start":10829.23,"end":10829.75},{"text":"do","start":10829.75,"end":10829.83},{"text":"anything","start":10829.83,"end":10830.15},{"text":"about","start":10830.15,"end":10830.35},{"text":"that.","start":10830.35,"end":10830.59}]},{"text":"So, floor is 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court had to remind Israel that there is a prohibition on starvation as used for a method of war, and there's a prohibition on forcible transfer, some things that all of us are familiar with that Israel had to be reminded 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the bullying tactics will not work on either of us.","start":10877.15,"end":10880.43,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":10877.15,"end":10877.39},{"text":"the","start":10877.47,"end":10877.59},{"text":"bullying","start":10877.59,"end":10877.95},{"text":"tactics","start":10877.95,"end":10878.51},{"text":"will","start":10878.51,"end":10878.75},{"text":"not","start":10878.75,"end":10879.15},{"text":"work","start":10879.15,"end":10879.51},{"text":"on","start":10879.51,"end":10879.63},{"text":"either","start":10879.63,"end":10879.99},{"text":"of","start":10879.99,"end":10880.11},{"text":"us.","start":10880.11,"end":10880.43}]},{"text":"And I want to congratulate the world today and the legal committee as well for having another advisory opinion from the International Court of Justice that we wish to follow up 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you.","start":10890.75,"end":10891.15,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":10890.75,"end":10891.07},{"text":"you.","start":10891.07,"end":10891.15}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"PSE","affiliation_full":"State of Palestine","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":83,"start":10892.99,"pageUrl":"/en/ga/c6/80/23?t=10893","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you.","start":10892.99,"end":10893.47,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":10892.99,"end":10893.23},{"text":"you.","start":10893.23,"end":10893.47}]},{"text":"And I have second request from the delegation of Israel.","start":10894.03,"end":10897.95,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":10894.03,"end":10894.51},{"text":"I","start":10894.83,"end":10894.91},{"text":"have","start":10894.91,"end":10895.23},{"text":"second","start":10895.23,"end":10895.63},{"text":"request","start":10895.63,"end":10896.03},{"text":"from","start":10896.03,"end":10896.23},{"text":"the","start":10896.23,"end":10896.31},{"text":"delegation","start":10896.31,"end":10897.07},{"text":"of","start":10897.07,"end":10897.39},{"text":"Israel.","start":10897.39,"end":10897.95}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"6th Committee","affiliation_full":"6th Committee","group":null,"function":"Vice-Chair"}},{"statement_number":84,"start":10899.87,"pageUrl":"/en/ga/c6/80/23?t=10900","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Chair.","start":10899.87,"end":10900.51,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":10899.87,"end":10900.11},{"text":"you,","start":10900.11,"end":10900.19},{"text":"Chair.","start":10900.19,"end":10900.51}]},{"text":"Sorry for taking the floor again.","start":10900.99,"end":10903.23,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Sorry","start":10900.99,"end":10901.39},{"text":"for","start":10901.39,"end":10901.51},{"text":"taking","start":10901.51,"end":10902.39},{"text":"the","start":10902.39,"end":10902.51},{"text":"floor","start":10902.51,"end":10902.75},{"text":"again.","start":10902.75,"end":10903.23}]},{"text":"And unfortunately, again, the Palestinian delegation raised another issue that is not relevant to the topic before us.","start":10903.31,"end":10911.15,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":10903.31,"end":10903.79},{"text":"unfortunately,","start":10904.11,"end":10904.99},{"text":"again,","start":10904.99,"end":10905.31},{"text":"the","start":10905.31,"end":10905.39},{"text":"Palestinian","start":10905.39,"end":10905.87},{"text":"delegation","start":10905.87,"end":10906.39},{"text":"raised","start":10906.39,"end":10906.75},{"text":"another","start":10906.75,"end":10907.15},{"text":"issue","start":10907.15,"end":10907.63},{"text":"that","start":10907.79,"end":10908.03},{"text":"is","start":10908.03,"end":10908.19},{"text":"not","start":10908.19,"end":10908.35},{"text":"relevant","start":10908.35,"end":10908.87},{"text":"to","start":10908.87,"end":10908.99},{"text":"the","start":10908.99,"end":10909.27},{"text":"topic","start":10910.11,"end":10910.51},{"text":"before","start":10910.51,"end":10910.83},{"text":"us.","start":10910.83,"end":10911.15}]},{"text":"We need to talk about the item of universal jurisdiction, but fine.","start":10911.15,"end":10914.75,"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":10911.15,"end":10911.27},{"text":"need","start":10911.27,"end":10911.43},{"text":"to","start":10911.43,"end":10911.55},{"text":"talk","start":10911.55,"end":10911.75},{"text":"about","start":10911.75,"end":10912.11},{"text":"the","start":10912.51,"end":10912.63},{"text":"item","start":10912.63,"end":10912.99},{"text":"of","start":10912.99,"end":10913.07},{"text":"universal","start":10913.07,"end":10913.55},{"text":"jurisdiction,","start":10913.55,"end":10914.11},{"text":"but","start":10914.11,"end":10914.27},{"text":"fine.","start":10914.27,"end":10914.75}]},{"text":"So let me react quickly about that.","start":10915.07,"end":10916.99,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":10915.07,"end":10915.39},{"text":"let","start":10915.39,"end":10915.51},{"text":"me","start":10915.51,"end":10915.71},{"text":"react","start":10915.71,"end":10916.15},{"text":"quickly","start":10916.15,"end":10916.47},{"text":"about","start":10916.47,"end":10916.75},{"text":"that.","start":10916.75,"end":10916.99}]},{"text":"Israel wishes to clarify its initial position regarding the International Court of Justice advisory opinion that was least this morning Israel categorically rejects the icj's so-called advisory opinion which was entirely predictable from the outset regarding unra this represents yet another political attempt to impose political measures against Israel under the guise of international law The advisory opinion regrettably ignores the core issues at the heart of this matter.","start":10916.99,"end":10943.99,"topics":[{"key":"politicization-and-selective-use","label":"Politicization and Selective Use","description":"A widely shared concern was that universal jurisdiction can be abused for political, discriminatory, or selective purposes. Delegations warned against using domestic courts to target foreign officials or advance geopolitical agendas under the banner of justice."}],"words":[{"text":"Israel","start":10916.99,"end":10917.47},{"text":"wishes","start":10917.47,"end":10917.95},{"text":"to","start":10917.95,"end":10918.03},{"text":"clarify","start":10918.03,"end":10918.59},{"text":"its","start":10918.59,"end":10918.75},{"text":"initial","start":10918.75,"end":10919.15},{"text":"position","start":10919.15,"end":10919.71},{"text":"regarding","start":10919.71,"end":10920.03},{"text":"the","start":10920.03,"end":10920.11},{"text":"International","start":10920.11,"end":10920.59},{"text":"Court","start":10920.59,"end":10920.87},{"text":"of","start":10920.87,"end":10920.95},{"text":"Justice","start":10920.95,"end":10921.31},{"text":"advisory","start":10921.31,"end":10921.75},{"text":"opinion","start":10921.75,"end":10922.11},{"text":"that","start":10922.11,"end":10922.27},{"text":"was","start":10922.27,"end":10922.51},{"text":"least","start":10922.91,"end":10923.07},{"text":"this","start":10923.07,"end":10923.23},{"text":"morning","start":10923.23,"end":10923.79},{"text":"Israel","start":10924.03,"end":10924.43},{"text":"categorically","start":10924.43,"end":10925.15},{"text":"rejects","start":10925.15,"end":10925.63},{"text":"the","start":10925.63,"end":10925.75},{"text":"icj's","start":10925.75,"end":10926.39},{"text":"so-called","start":10926.39,"end":10926.91},{"text":"advisory","start":10926.91,"end":10927.35},{"text":"opinion","start":10927.35,"end":10927.71},{"text":"which","start":10927.71,"end":10927.87},{"text":"was","start":10927.87,"end":10928.11},{"text":"entirely","start":10928.11,"end":10928.75},{"text":"predictable","start":10928.91,"end":10929.63},{"text":"from","start":10929.63,"end":10929.79},{"text":"the","start":10929.79,"end":10929.91},{"text":"outset","start":10929.91,"end":10930.35},{"text":"regarding","start":10930.35,"end":10930.75},{"text":"unra","start":10930.87,"end":10931.31},{"text":"this","start":10932.43,"end":10932.67},{"text":"represents","start":10932.67,"end":10933.23},{"text":"yet","start":10933.23,"end":10933.35},{"text":"another","start":10933.35,"end":10933.71},{"text":"political","start":10933.71,"end":10934.15},{"text":"attempt","start":10934.15,"end":10934.55},{"text":"to","start":10934.55,"end":10934.63},{"text":"impose","start":10934.63,"end":10935.07},{"text":"political","start":10935.07,"end":10935.47},{"text":"measures","start":10935.47,"end":10935.95},{"text":"against","start":10935.95,"end":10936.31},{"text":"Israel","start":10936.31,"end":10936.75},{"text":"under","start":10936.75,"end":10937.07},{"text":"the","start":10937.07,"end":10937.15},{"text":"guise","start":10937.15,"end":10937.63},{"text":"of","start":10937.63,"end":10937.79},{"text":"international","start":10937.95,"end":10938.95},{"text":"law","start":10938.95,"end":10939.03},{"text":"The","start":10939.83,"end":10939.87},{"text":"advisory","start":10939.87,"end":10940.27},{"text":"opinion","start":10940.27,"end":10940.63},{"text":"regrettably","start":10940.63,"end":10941.23},{"text":"ignores","start":10941.23,"end":10941.75},{"text":"the","start":10941.75,"end":10941.87},{"text":"core","start":10941.87,"end":10942.15},{"text":"issues","start":10942.15,"end":10942.71},{"text":"at","start":10942.79,"end":10942.91},{"text":"the","start":10942.91,"end":10942.99},{"text":"heart","start":10942.99,"end":10943.31},{"text":"of","start":10943.31,"end":10943.43},{"text":"this","start":10943.43,"end":10943.59},{"text":"matter.","start":10943.59,"end":10943.99}]},{"text":"The focus of the ICJ's opinion should have been on the terrorist activity that UNRWA has been involved in.","start":10944.39,"end":10950.27,"topics":[{"key":"politicization-and-selective-use","label":"Politicization and Selective Use","description":"A widely shared concern was that universal jurisdiction can be abused for political, discriminatory, or selective purposes. Delegations warned against using domestic courts to target foreign officials or advance geopolitical agendas under the banner of justice."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":10944.39,"end":10944.51},{"text":"focus","start":10944.51,"end":10944.83},{"text":"of","start":10944.83,"end":10944.95},{"text":"the","start":10944.95,"end":10945.07},{"text":"ICJ's","start":10945.07,"end":10945.55},{"text":"opinion","start":10945.55,"end":10945.91},{"text":"should","start":10945.91,"end":10946.23},{"text":"have","start":10946.23,"end":10946.47},{"text":"been","start":10946.47,"end":10946.79},{"text":"on","start":10947.11,"end":10947.27},{"text":"the","start":10947.27,"end":10947.39},{"text":"terrorist","start":10947.39,"end":10947.79},{"text":"activity","start":10947.79,"end":10948.47},{"text":"that","start":10948.47,"end":10948.59},{"text":"UNRWA","start":10948.59,"end":10949.39},{"text":"has","start":10949.39,"end":10949.51},{"text":"been","start":10949.51,"end":10949.71},{"text":"involved","start":10949.71,"end":10950.15},{"text":"in.","start":10950.15,"end":10950.27}]},{"text":"UNRWA employees directly took part in the October 7th massacre and continue to assist Hamas terrorist operation, all under the auspices of the United 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terrorist activity within UNRWA took place before the October 7th massacre, during the massacre, and after the massacre.","start":10959.03,"end":10965.43,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Hamas","start":10959.03,"end":10959.39},{"text":"terrorist","start":10959.39,"end":10959.71},{"text":"activity","start":10959.71,"end":10960.07},{"text":"within","start":10960.07,"end":10960.43},{"text":"UNRWA","start":10960.43,"end":10961.23},{"text":"took","start":10961.23,"end":10961.35},{"text":"place","start":10961.35,"end":10961.51},{"text":"before","start":10961.51,"end":10961.79},{"text":"the","start":10961.79,"end":10961.87},{"text":"October","start":10961.87,"end":10962.23},{"text":"7th","start":10962.23,"end":10962.51},{"text":"massacre,","start":10962.51,"end":10963.03},{"text":"during","start":10963.19,"end":10963.59},{"text":"the","start":10963.59,"end":10963.67},{"text":"massacre,","start":10963.67,"end":10964.23},{"text":"and","start":10964.23,"end":10964.47},{"text":"after","start":10964.47,"end":10964.83},{"text":"the","start":10964.83,"end":10964.91},{"text":"massacre.","start":10964.91,"end":10965.43}]},{"text":"Israel provided the UN with extensive evidence providing Hamas infiltration into UNRWA, but the UN has never investigated the full extent of this infiltration.","start":10966.07,"end":10974.03,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Israel","start":10966.07,"end":10966.35},{"text":"provided","start":10966.35,"end":10966.75},{"text":"the","start":10966.75,"end":10966.83},{"text":"UN","start":10966.83,"end":10967.07},{"text":"with","start":10967.07,"end":10967.27},{"text":"extensive","start":10967.27,"end":10967.79},{"text":"evidence","start":10967.79,"end":10968.15},{"text":"providing","start":10968.15,"end":10968.75},{"text":"Hamas","start":10968.91,"end":10969.31},{"text":"infiltration","start":10969.31,"end":10969.87},{"text":"into","start":10969.87,"end":10970.03},{"text":"UNRWA,","start":10970.03,"end":10970.83},{"text":"but","start":10970.83,"end":10970.95},{"text":"the","start":10970.95,"end":10971.03},{"text":"UN","start":10971.03,"end":10971.23},{"text":"has","start":10971.23,"end":10971.39},{"text":"never","start":10971.39,"end":10971.71},{"text":"investigated","start":10971.71,"end":10972.31},{"text":"the","start":10972.31,"end":10972.39},{"text":"full","start":10972.39,"end":10972.55},{"text":"extent","start":10972.55,"end":10972.99},{"text":"of","start":10972.99,"end":10973.07},{"text":"this","start":10973.07,"end":10973.23},{"text":"infiltration.","start":10973.23,"end":10974.03}]},{"text":"Nearly two years after October 7, UNRWA still employs around 1,400 Hamas operatives, including active members of Hamas military wing.","start":10976.11,"end":10984.59,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Nearly","start":10976.11,"end":10976.47},{"text":"two","start":10976.47,"end":10976.67},{"text":"years","start":10976.67,"end":10976.91},{"text":"after","start":10976.91,"end":10977.19},{"text":"October","start":10977.19,"end":10977.47},{"text":"7,","start":10977.47,"end":10977.87},{"text":"UNRWA","start":10977.87,"end":10978.83},{"text":"still","start":10978.83,"end":10979.11},{"text":"employs","start":10979.11,"end":10979.51},{"text":"around","start":10979.51,"end":10979.79},{"text":"1,400","start":10979.79,"end":10980.91},{"text":"Hamas","start":10980.91,"end":10981.23},{"text":"operatives,","start":10981.23,"end":10981.75},{"text":"including","start":10981.75,"end":10982.19},{"text":"active","start":10982.19,"end":10982.67},{"text":"members","start":10982.83,"end":10983.35},{"text":"of","start":10983.35,"end":10983.47},{"text":"Hamas","start":10983.47,"end":10983.79},{"text":"military","start":10983.79,"end":10984.27},{"text":"wing.","start":10984.27,"end":10984.59}]},{"text":"Israel fully uphold its obligation under international law.","start":10988.39,"end":10990.95,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Israel","start":10988.39,"end":10988.71},{"text":"fully","start":10988.71,"end":10989.03},{"text":"uphold","start":10989.03,"end":10989.39},{"text":"its","start":10989.39,"end":10989.55},{"text":"obligation","start":10989.55,"end":10990.07},{"text":"under","start":10990.07,"end":10990.27},{"text":"international","start":10990.27,"end":10990.83},{"text":"law.","start":10990.83,"end":10990.95}]},{"text":"Israel fully rejects the politicization of international law, which seeks to produce political outcomes and impose measures intended to harm the state of Israel.","start":10990.95,"end":10999.67,"topics":[{"key":"politicization-and-selective-use","label":"Politicization and Selective Use","description":"A widely shared concern was that universal jurisdiction can be abused for political, discriminatory, or selective purposes. Delegations warned against using domestic courts to target foreign officials or advance geopolitical agendas under the banner of justice."}],"words":[{"text":"Israel","start":10990.95,"end":10991.35},{"text":"fully","start":10991.35,"end":10991.63},{"text":"rejects","start":10991.63,"end":10992.03},{"text":"the","start":10992.03,"end":10992.11},{"text":"politicization","start":10992.11,"end":10992.95},{"text":"of","start":10992.95,"end":10993.03},{"text":"international","start":10993.03,"end":10993.79},{"text":"law,","start":10993.79,"end":10993.87},{"text":"which","start":10993.87,"end":10994.15},{"text":"seeks","start":10994.15,"end":10994.47},{"text":"to","start":10994.47,"end":10994.87},{"text":"produce","start":10994.87,"end":10995.35},{"text":"political","start":10995.51,"end":10996.07},{"text":"outcomes","start":10996.07,"end":10996.55},{"text":"and","start":10996.55,"end":10996.71},{"text":"impose","start":10996.71,"end":10997.19},{"text":"measures","start":10997.19,"end":10997.59},{"text":"intended","start":10997.59,"end":10998.03},{"text":"to","start":10998.03,"end":10998.15},{"text":"harm","start":10998.15,"end":10998.55},{"text":"the","start":10998.63,"end":10998.79},{"text":"state","start":10998.79,"end":10999.07},{"text":"of","start":10999.07,"end":10999.19},{"text":"Israel.","start":10999.19,"end":10999.67}]},{"text":"Thank you, Mr. Chair.","start":11000.15,"end":11001.03,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":11000.15,"end":11000.35},{"text":"you,","start":11000.35,"end":11000.43},{"text":"Mr.","start":11000.43,"end":11000.71},{"text":"Chair.","start":11000.71,"end":11001.03}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"ISR","affiliation_full":"Israel","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":85,"start":11001.51,"pageUrl":"/en/ga/c6/80/23?t=11002","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you.","start":11001.51,"end":11001.91,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":11001.51,"end":11001.79},{"text":"you.","start":11001.79,"end":11001.91}]},{"text":"State of Palestine.","start":11001.91,"end":11002.79,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"State","start":11001.91,"end":11002.15},{"text":"of","start":11002.15,"end":11002.23},{"text":"Palestine.","start":11002.23,"end":11002.79}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"6th Committee","affiliation_full":"6th Committee","group":null,"function":"Vice-Chair"}},{"statement_number":86,"start":11005.11,"pageUrl":"/en/ga/c6/80/23?t=11006","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"It's very endearing to watch that the Israeli delegate sits in the United Nations, still attacks the United Nations, and still targets the United Nations.","start":11005.11,"end":11014.99,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"It's","start":11005.11,"end":11005.31},{"text":"very","start":11005.31,"end":11005.51},{"text":"endearing","start":11005.51,"end":11006.03},{"text":"to","start":11006.03,"end":11006.27},{"text":"watch","start":11006.27,"end":11006.43},{"text":"that","start":11006.43,"end":11006.59},{"text":"the","start":11006.59,"end":11006.71},{"text":"Israeli","start":11006.71,"end":11007.07},{"text":"delegate","start":11007.07,"end":11007.47},{"text":"sits","start":11007.47,"end":11007.79},{"text":"in","start":11007.79,"end":11007.95},{"text":"the","start":11007.95,"end":11008.03},{"text":"United","start":11008.03,"end":11008.51},{"text":"Nations,","start":11008.51,"end":11008.99},{"text":"still","start":11008.99,"end":11009.31},{"text":"attacks","start":11009.31,"end":11009.87},{"text":"the","start":11009.87,"end":11009.95},{"text":"United","start":11009.95,"end":11010.43},{"text":"Nations,","start":11010.43,"end":11011.07},{"text":"and","start":11011.59,"end":11011.71},{"text":"still","start":11011.71,"end":11011.95},{"text":"targets","start":11011.95,"end":11012.59},{"text":"the","start":11012.63,"end":11012.71},{"text":"United","start":11014.03,"end":11014.51},{"text":"Nations.","start":11014.51,"end":11014.99}]},{"text":"If you want to talk about universal jurisdiction, your officials are international fugitives wanted by the ICC.","start":11015.19,"end":11021.23,"topics":[{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."}],"words":[{"text":"If","start":11015.19,"end":11015.27},{"text":"you","start":11015.27,"end":11015.35},{"text":"want","start":11015.35,"end":11015.59},{"text":"to","start":11015.59,"end":11015.67},{"text":"talk","start":11015.67,"end":11015.79},{"text":"about","start":11015.79,"end":11015.99},{"text":"universal","start":11015.99,"end":11016.51},{"text":"jurisdiction,","start":11016.51,"end":11017.19},{"text":"your","start":11017.19,"end":11017.31},{"text":"officials","start":11017.31,"end":11018.19},{"text":"are","start":11018.19,"end":11018.51},{"text":"international","start":11018.51,"end":11019.15},{"text":"fugitives","start":11019.15,"end":11019.79},{"text":"wanted","start":11019.79,"end":11020.19},{"text":"by","start":11020.19,"end":11020.43},{"text":"the","start":11020.43,"end":11020.55},{"text":"ICC.","start":11020.55,"end":11021.23}]},{"text":"If this is the most relevant part of the debate, everyone should leave the debate with this.","start":11021.71,"end":11026.11,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"If","start":11021.71,"end":11021.87},{"text":"this","start":11021.87,"end":11022.03},{"text":"is","start":11022.03,"end":11022.19},{"text":"the","start":11022.19,"end":11022.31},{"text":"most","start":11022.31,"end":11022.55},{"text":"relevant","start":11022.55,"end":11022.99},{"text":"part","start":11022.99,"end":11023.35},{"text":"of","start":11023.35,"end":11023.47},{"text":"the","start":11023.47,"end":11023.59},{"text":"debate,","start":11023.59,"end":11024.03},{"text":"everyone","start":11024.03,"end":11024.43},{"text":"should","start":11024.43,"end":11024.75},{"text":"leave","start":11024.99,"end":11025.23},{"text":"the","start":11025.23,"end":11025.31},{"text":"debate","start":11025.31,"end":11025.63},{"text":"with","start":11025.63,"end":11025.87},{"text":"this.","start":11025.87,"end":11026.11}]},{"text":"Israeli officials are international fugitives wanted by the ICC.","start":11026.71,"end":11030.39,"topics":[{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."}],"words":[{"text":"Israeli","start":11026.71,"end":11027.11},{"text":"officials","start":11027.11,"end":11027.63},{"text":"are","start":11027.63,"end":11027.71},{"text":"international","start":11027.71,"end":11028.35},{"text":"fugitives","start":11028.35,"end":11028.99},{"text":"wanted","start":11028.99,"end":11029.55},{"text":"by","start":11029.63,"end":11029.79},{"text":"the","start":11029.79,"end":11029.95},{"text":"ICC.","start":11029.95,"end":11030.39}]},{"text":"And next time when you sit in the room in the United Nations, I recommend that you do not attack the United Nations once again.","start":11030.39,"end":11036.51,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":11030.39,"end":11030.51},{"text":"next","start":11030.51,"end":11030.79},{"text":"time","start":11030.79,"end":11030.91},{"text":"when","start":11030.91,"end":11031.07},{"text":"you","start":11031.07,"end":11031.15},{"text":"sit","start":11031.15,"end":11031.47},{"text":"in","start":11031.47,"end":11031.63},{"text":"the","start":11031.63,"end":11031.71},{"text":"room","start":11031.71,"end":11032.11},{"text":"in","start":11032.27,"end":11032.43},{"text":"the","start":11032.43,"end":11032.55},{"text":"United","start":11032.55,"end":11032.91},{"text":"Nations,","start":11032.91,"end":11033.55},{"text":"I","start":11033.55,"end":11033.71},{"text":"recommend","start":11033.79,"end":11034.15},{"text":"that","start":11034.15,"end":11034.27},{"text":"you","start":11034.27,"end":11034.35},{"text":"do","start":11034.35,"end":11034.43},{"text":"not","start":11034.43,"end":11034.67},{"text":"attack","start":11034.67,"end":11035.07},{"text":"the","start":11035.07,"end":11035.15},{"text":"United","start":11035.15,"end":11035.51},{"text":"Nations","start":11035.51,"end":11035.87},{"text":"once","start":11035.87,"end":11036.11},{"text":"again.","start":11036.11,"end":11036.51}]},{"text":"And the findings of the International Court of Justice are not politicized findings.","start":11036.83,"end":11040.91,"topics":[{"key":"politicization-and-selective-use","label":"Politicization and Selective Use","description":"A widely shared concern was that universal jurisdiction can be abused for political, discriminatory, or selective purposes. Delegations warned against using domestic courts to target foreign officials or advance geopolitical agendas under the banner of justice."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":11036.83,"end":11036.95},{"text":"the","start":11036.95,"end":11037.07},{"text":"findings","start":11037.07,"end":11037.63},{"text":"of","start":11037.63,"end":11037.75},{"text":"the","start":11037.75,"end":11037.83},{"text":"International","start":11037.83,"end":11038.39},{"text":"Court","start":11038.39,"end":11038.55},{"text":"of","start":11038.55,"end":11038.67},{"text":"Justice","start":11038.67,"end":11039.07},{"text":"are","start":11039.07,"end":11039.23},{"text":"not","start":11039.23,"end":11039.47},{"text":"politicized","start":11039.47,"end":11040.27},{"text":"findings.","start":11040.27,"end":11040.91}]},{"text":"They are findings, and they are authoritative statements on the law that you have clearly have been violating for 77 years.","start":11041.31,"end":11047.47,"topics":[{"key":"politicization-and-selective-use","label":"Politicization and Selective Use","description":"A widely shared concern was that universal jurisdiction can be abused for political, discriminatory, or selective purposes. 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justice."}],"words":[{"text":"They","start":11041.31,"end":11041.47},{"text":"are","start":11041.47,"end":11041.63},{"text":"findings,","start":11041.63,"end":11042.19},{"text":"and","start":11042.19,"end":11042.31},{"text":"they","start":11042.31,"end":11042.39},{"text":"are","start":11042.39,"end":11042.51},{"text":"authoritative","start":11042.51,"end":11043.15},{"text":"statements","start":11043.15,"end":11043.71},{"text":"on","start":11043.71,"end":11043.91},{"text":"the","start":11043.91,"end":11044.03},{"text":"law","start":11044.03,"end":11044.35},{"text":"that","start":11044.35,"end":11044.51},{"text":"you","start":11044.51,"end":11044.71},{"text":"have","start":11044.71,"end":11044.99},{"text":"clearly","start":11044.99,"end":11045.47},{"text":"have","start":11045.47,"end":11045.63},{"text":"been","start":11045.63,"end":11045.79},{"text":"violating","start":11045.79,"end":11046.35},{"text":"for","start":11046.35,"end":11046.51},{"text":"77","start":11046.51,"end":11047.23},{"text":"years.","start":11047.23,"end":11047.47}]},{"text":"Again, read the advisory opinion before you talk.","start":11047.79,"end":11050.51,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Again,","start":11047.79,"end":11048.27},{"text":"read","start":11048.35,"end":11048.71},{"text":"the","start":11048.71,"end":11048.79},{"text":"advisory","start":11048.79,"end":11049.27},{"text":"opinion","start":11049.27,"end":11049.71},{"text":"before","start":11049.71,"end":11050.03},{"text":"you","start":11050.03,"end":11050.11},{"text":"talk.","start":11050.11,"end":11050.51}]},{"text":"Thank you.","start":11050.59,"end":11050.95,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":11050.59,"end":11050.83},{"text":"you.","start":11050.83,"end":11050.95}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"PSE","affiliation_full":"State of Palestine","group":null,"function":"Observer"}},{"statement_number":87,"start":11051.83,"pageUrl":"/en/ga/c6/80/23?t=11052","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you to the State of Palestine.","start":11051.83,"end":11053.35,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":11051.83,"end":11052.07},{"text":"you","start":11052.07,"end":11052.15},{"text":"to","start":11052.15,"end":11052.23},{"text":"the","start":11052.23,"end":11052.31},{"text":"State","start":11052.31,"end":11052.55},{"text":"of","start":11052.55,"end":11052.63},{"text":"Palestine.","start":11052.63,"end":11053.35}]},{"text":"Now, colleagues, I do not have any other requests for the exercise of right of 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ICRC.","start":11057.99,"end":11064.63,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":11057.99,"end":11058.55},{"text":"tomorrow","start":11058.55,"end":11059.11},{"text":"we","start":11059.11,"end":11059.27},{"text":"will","start":11059.27,"end":11059.51},{"text":"continue","start":11059.51,"end":11060.07},{"text":"at","start":11060.07,"end":11060.95},{"text":"10:00","start":11060.95,"end":11060.99},{"text":"a.m.","start":11060.99,"end":11061.27},{"text":"with","start":11061.59,"end":11061.79},{"text":"the","start":11061.79,"end":11061.87},{"text":"delegation","start":11061.87,"end":11062.59},{"text":"of","start":11062.59,"end":11062.67},{"text":"the","start":11062.67,"end":11062.75},{"text":"United","start":11062.75,"end":11063.07},{"text":"Kingdom,","start":11063.07,"end":11063.39},{"text":"Vietnam,","start":11063.39,"end":11063.83},{"text":"ICRC.","start":11063.83,"end":11064.63}]},{"text":"Then we will turn to the agenda item of diplomatic 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adjourned.","start":11074.47,"end":11075.91,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":11074.47,"end":11074.79},{"text":"meeting","start":11074.79,"end":11075.11},{"text":"is","start":11075.11,"end":11075.31},{"text":"adjourned.","start":11075.31,"end":11075.91}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"6th Committee","affiliation_full":"6th Committee","group":null,"function":"Vice-Chair"}}],"topics":[{"key":"scope-and-definition","label":"Scope and Definition of Universal Jurisdiction","description":"A central theme was the lack of agreement on how universal jurisdiction should be defined and what legal contours it has. States repeatedly called for greater conceptual clarity, especially on the crimes covered and the conditions under which the principle may be exercised."},{"key":"procedural-safeguards","label":"Procedural Safeguards","description":"Many delegations called for procedural limits to ensure fair and disciplined use of universal jurisdiction. Frequently mentioned safeguards included the presence of the accused in the forum state, due process guarantees, prior consultation with concerned states, high-level prosecutorial review, and protection against duplicative proceedings."},{"key":"fight-against-impunity","label":"Fight Against Impunity","description":"Many delegations stressed that universal jurisdiction is meant to prevent perpetrators of the gravest international crimes from escaping justice. It was repeatedly presented as a tool to secure accountability for victims of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other exceptionally serious offenses."},{"key":"sovereignty-and-immunities","label":"Sovereignty and Immunities","description":"Many statements emphasized that the exercise of universal jurisdiction must respect sovereign equality, non-interference, territorial integrity, and the immunities of state officials under international law. Several delegations warned that ignoring these principles would damage interstate relations and the legitimacy of the legal system."},{"key":"distinction-from-other-bases","label":"Distinction From Other Jurisdictional Bases","description":"Several speakers insisted that universal jurisdiction must be clearly distinguished from treaty-based obligations to extradite or prosecute, other forms of extraterritorial jurisdiction, and the jurisdiction of international criminal tribunals. They argued that conflating these concepts creates legal confusion and distorts state practice."},{"key":"subsidiarity-and-last-resort","label":"Subsidiarity and Last Resort","description":"Numerous speakers argued that universal jurisdiction should be secondary to territorial, nationality-based, or other closer jurisdictional links. In this view, it should be used only when the state with primary jurisdiction is unwilling or unable genuinely to investigate and prosecute."},{"key":"politicization-and-selective-use","label":"Politicization and Selective Use","description":"A widely shared concern was that universal jurisdiction can be abused for political, discriminatory, or selective purposes. Delegations warned against using domestic courts to target foreign officials or advance geopolitical agendas under the banner of justice."},{"key":"cooperation-and-national-capacity","label":"International Cooperation and National Capacity","description":"A recurring topic was the need to strengthen domestic justice systems and expand cooperation through extradition, mutual legal assistance, and judicial coordination. Delegations argued that stronger national capacity and better interstate cooperation are essential both to combat impunity and to reduce overreliance on universal jurisdiction."}]}}