Sixth Committee, 6th plenary meeting - General Assembly, 80th session

Good afternoon. I call to order the sixth meeting of the Sixth Committee for the 80th session of the General Assembly. Distinguished delegates, the Sixth Committee will now continue its consideration of agenda item 84, the rule of law at the national and international levels. And I wish to draw your attention to the 2025 report issued under this agenda item contained in document A/AT/99. The report is available on the website of the Sixth Committee. Before resuming the debate on this agenda item, it is my great pleasure to warmly welcome the Deputy Secretary-General, Ms. Amina J. Mohammed, who also leads the Rule of Law Unit, which as you know brings together entities within the UN system involved in the rule of law activities. Ms. Mohammed will speak on this year's report on behalf of the Secretary-General. Madam Deputy Secretary-General, you have the floor.

Your Excellency, Ambassador Manalo, the Chair of the Sixth Committee, distinguished guests, colleagues and friends, let me begin by thanking Ambassador Manalo and the Bureau for their leadership of the Sixth Committee at this 80th session of the General Assembly. I would also like to thank the Secretariat for their steady support of your work. It is an honour to present the annual report of the Secretary-General on strengthening and coordinating United Nations rule of law activities. As we mark the 80th anniversary of our organization, we are reminded not only of its endurance, but of the values that have kept it standing, peace, progress, equality, and at the heart of them all, the rule of law. The rule of law is written into the very DNA of the UN Charter. It reaffirms our faith in fundamental human rights. It anchors the equal rights of men and women and of nations large and small. It rests on the sovereign equality of all member states, no matter their size, power, or wealth. It calls on states to fulfill their obligations under the charter, to resolve disputes by peaceful means, and to respect the binding decisions of the International Court of Justice. The rule of law is more than words on paper. Whether between or within nations, it is a promise that no individual, no government, and no nation stands above the law. It is what binds the three pillars of the United Nations together. It is the foundation of peace, the bedrock of human rights, and the engine of sustainable development. Yet the rule of law does not defend itself. It demands courage. It needs commitment. It requires action. The report before you shows that action by reflecting on eight decades of progress. from the development and codification of international law through treaties, court decisions and the work of the International Law Commission, to the practical support that is received and delivered in countries around the world. It highlights how, across regions, the United Nations has stood with Member States to advance access to justice, strengthen security and corrections, support constitutional reform, enable transitional justice and combat corruption, drugs, crime and terrorism. For the period July 2024 to June 2025, it offers an overview of more than 120 initiatives at national and international levels, as requested by resolution 79/126. As the Secretary-General notes, these examples represent only a fraction of our global efforts, but they do show the impact of what is possible when the rule of law becomes a living force for justice and development, accelerating progress on the 2030 Agenda and the Pact for the Future, advancing peace, human rights and shared prosperity. Excellencies, in these times of significant headwinds, conflict, division, and deepening inequalities, we must stand firm for the rule of law. Because when the rule of law stands, multilateralism stands. When the rule of law holds, human dignity holds. Let us defend it with conviction and with the belief that justice and accountability are the surest paths to peace and prosperity for all. I thank the distinguished delegations of Luxembourg and Mexico for co-facilitating this important discussion, and I wish you every success.

Thank you.

I thank the Deputy Secretary-General, Ms. Amina J. Mohammed, for her important statement and also for her clear introduction of this year's report. Distinguished delegates, I now wish to open the debate for this afternoon. The first speaker on my list is the distinguished representative of Colombia on behalf of the Justice Action Coalition.

Thank you very much, Mr. Chairman. My thanks also go to the Deputy Secretary General for her briefing today. Thank you for being with us this afternoon in this room and sharing what you had to say. I'm making this statement on behalf of a group of states. And as such, I'll address the room in English.

Chair, and I have the honor to deliver this statement on behalf of the Justice Action Coalition, a multi-stakeholder cross-regional group, including 21 countries and 21 partners committed to advancing equal access to justice for all, under SDG 16.3 and beyond.

This year, as we mark the 80th anniversary of the United Nations, we recall the enduring promise of the UN Charter.

To save succeeding generations from the scourge of war, to reaffirm faith in fundamental human rights, to establish conditions under which justice can be maintained, and to promote social progress and better standards of living in large freedom. The charter is more than a founding document. It is a living commitment to the rule of law as the foundation of peace, justice, and security among nations.

Yet today, our world faces profound challenges.

Billions of people face justice problems that remain unresolved. We see heightened instability, widening inequality, and the erosion of trust in institutions at both national and international levels. We also face challenges for often marginalized segments of the population, including women, indigenous peoples and local communities, children and youth, and persons with disabilities. In this context, the rule of law and access to justice are not abstract principles. They are practical necessities to maintain peace, to promote development, promote and protect human rights, and to strengthen the social contract between states and their people. A people-centered approach to justice has the power to transform entire systems, making them fairer, more effective, and more responsive to society's needs. Encouraging models of this approach are community-based mechanisms, which are created in some countries in the form of participatory, multi-sectoral platforms that bring together state institutions, local authorities, civil society and community representatives to improve access to justice. Their mission is to coordinate, strengthen and expand conflict resolution and justice mechanisms while fostering dialogue and trust between institutions and the people they serve. In doing so, community-based justice mechanisms bring justice closer to the people, ensuring it is not just an abstract promise, but a lived reality in daily life. Mr. Chair, the theme of the 80th session of the General Assembly, Better Together, 80 Years and More for Peace, Development and Human Rights, is both a reminder and a challenge that global commitments must be rooted in the life realities of our citizens. For this reason, the Justice Action Coalition emphasizes the importance of a people and human rights centered approach to justice. An approach that makes the shift from providing justice for only a few to one that delivers measurable improvements in justice for all. A people-centered approach ensures that justice systems are accessible, fair, equal and effective for all, without discrimination of any kind. It means addressing everyday justice problems that affect people's lives, including violence and crime, disputes involving land, housing and neighbors.

Unresolved family disputes or those related to access to public services.

And legal needs related to employment or businesses, for example. In so doing, we strengthen not only justice, but also peace, stability, human rights, and sustainable development. The Justice Action Coalition works actively to make this vision a reality. We promote the collection and use of data and evidence to understand the justice needs of people.

And to design responses that work.

Quality people-centered justice data is essential to close gaps and measure progress. We call on all delegations, the UN system and partners to invest in open or interoperable data and to support shared standards so that reforms are tracked and scaled. The Justice Action Coalition supports countries in adopting and scaling strategic people-centered justice initiatives at the national levels too. This includes co-creating strategies with governments and stakeholders, facilitating access to international expertise and partnerships, and mobilizing financial support.

We invite all member states to join us in this.

Effort so that together we can ensure effective justice systems are responsive to people's needs strengthen trust in institutions, prevent conflict and advance peace, stability, human rights and sustainable development. And we promote increased and smarter financing for justice, guided by frameworks such as the Justice Financing Framework. Delivering justice at scale requires predictable and sustainable investment in frontline services, aligned with national priorities.

And consistent with the principles of judicial independence and the rule of law. Justice, like health and education, requires sustainable investment if it is to serve as a true enabler of peace and development.

We urge donors and governments to prioritize cost-effective legal assistance, information services, and community dispute resolution as part of.

Development and humanitarian spending. Mr. Chair, every 80 years after its founding.

The United Nations remains the most important forum for advancing the rule of law and access to justice.

Among nations and within them.

As we look to the future, the Justice Action Coalition stands ready to partner with Member States, the United Nations systems, and civil.

Society to ensure that justice remains central to delivering for people and the planet.

I thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative of Colombia, Vice Chair of the Sixth Committee, speaking on behalf of the Justice Action Coalition. The distinguished delegate of Kuwait, speaking on behalf of the Gulf Cooperation Council.

Thank you, Mr. Chair. I have the honor to speak today on behalf of the member states of the Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf, namely the United Arab Emirates, the Kingdom of Bahrain, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the Sultanate of Oman, the State of Qatar, and my country, the State of Kuwait. At the outset, we express our support to the statements by the Non-Aligned Movement and the Arab Group, we highly value your leadership of the deliberations of the Sixth Committee during this session, Mr. Chair. The States of the Gulf Cooperation Council firmly believe that the rule of law at the national and international levels is the basis on which relations between States are built. It is a fundamental guarantee for achieving peace, security and development and respecting human rights. It is important for the international system to be based on clear and agreed upon rules without selectivity or double standards to promote justice and equality among states. In this context, the GCC countries welcomes the Secretary General's reports in document A/AT/99 on strengthening and coordinating United Nations rule of law activities. We stress the importance of employing modern technologies and digital transformation to enhance transparency and accountability and facilitate access to justice in order to meet the aspirations of our peoples to a more equitable and stable future. Mr. Chair, at the national level, the GCC countries attach great importance to the development of their legislation and judicial institutions in line with their international obligations. This furthers the harmonization of national laws with relevant international instruments. GCC states worked together to conclude agreements among the countries of the Gulf covering areas that include justice, the economy and the environment. These agreements made our legal systems more efficient and consolidated the principles of justice and rule of law in our societies. We also continue to work on empowering women, strengthening the independence of the judiciary, and modernizing legislative systems, reaffirming thereby our commitment to the principles of good governance, equality, and equal opportunities. Mr. Chair, at the international level, the GCC countries firmly support the promotion of international justice. We reject any violations of international law and the principles of the Charter of the United Nations. We welcomed the adoption by the General Assembly of the Pact for the Future, including the Global Digital Compact and the Declaration on Future Generations, under resolution A/RES/79/1, which highlighted the close link between the rule of law, peace, security, sustainable development and human rights. In this context, the GCC countries renew their commitment to respecting international law, to promoting multilateral action, and to upholding the decisions of the International Court of Justice as the main tool to settle disputes peacefully, especially as we celebrate the 80th anniversary of the United Nations. Mr. Chair, on this important occasion, the GCC countries remind the International Community of the need to respect the principles of national sovereignty and refrain from the threat or use of force in violation of international law in this context we condemn in the strongest terms the attack launched by the occupying entity against the brotherly state of Qatar in flagrant violation of its sovereignty and territorial integrity and of the principles of international Justice we also strongly condemn the policies and practices of the occupation forces against Palestinian Palestinian people including starvation displacement and genocide in clear violation of international humanitarian law which threatens Regional and international peace and stability we fully support the kingdom of Saudi Arabia and and France as co-chairs of the high-level international conference for the peaceful settlement of the question of Palestine and the implementation of the two-state solution. We welcome the adoption by the General Assembly of the New York Declaration on the peaceful settlement of the question of Palestine as an important step to restoring the rule of law and promoting international justice. In conclusion, the GCC countries reaffirm their commitment to strengthening the rule of law at the national and international levels as the basis for consolidating peace and security, achieving justice and equality, and advancing sustainable development. We also reiterate our support for all international efforts aimed at promoting respect for international law. ensuring accountability and achieving justice without discrimination, as this contributes to establishing a more just and equitable international order and reflects the principles and purposes of the Charter of the United Nations. I thank you, Mr. Chair.

I thank the distinguished representative of Kuwait speaking on behalf of the GCC. Perhaps before I give the floor to the next speaker, I just want to thank Madam Deputy Secretary General I understand you have some other important scheduled meetings and will have to leave our committee. Nevertheless, on behalf of the committee, I want to thank you once more for your statement and for the time you spent with us. And of course, I wish you the best on your valuable work. Thank you. Distinguished delegates, let us resume. I now give the floor to the delegation of Finland, speaking on behalf of the Nordic countries, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, and Norway.

Ms. Chair, I have the honor to speak.

On behalf of the five Nordic countries, Denmark, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, and my own country, Finland.

We thank the Secretary-General for his report on the topic and Madam Deputy Secretary-General for presenting it.

The focus of the report this year, namely the activities of the United Nations to strengthen the rule of law.

At the national and international levels at the 80th anniversary of the United Nations, is particularly important and timely.

When the United Nations Charter was signed in 1945, the world was emerging from the devastation of the Second World.

War.

The Charter was not merely a treaty, it was a promise. promised to replace the law of force with the force of law. It enshrined principles that would guide international relations, protect human dignity, and promote peaceful coexistence. At its heart lies the rule of law, the idea that all actors, whether states or individuals, are bound by and benefit from a predictable, just legal order. 80 years ago, the signing of the UN Charter laid the foundation for effective multilateralism and the birth of the United Nations. It marked our collective resolve to replace war with dialogue and cooperation, uphold human dignity, and pursue peace, security, and justice together. The Charter's core principles, sovereign equality, non-use of force, and respect for human rights, remains as vital today

as they were then.

The UN continues to play a central role in defending these values and promoting the rule of law

in a rapidly changing world.

The Nordic countries emphasize that the rule of law, as reflected in the phrase, everyone is equal before the law, must in practice apply to everyone, regardless, for instance, of gender. The United Nations have greatly contributed to gender equality and women's empowerment. Without actual equality before the law, the promise of multilateralism remains incomplete. Without it, not everyone will be free and equal. As highlighted in the Secretary General's report regarding the rule of law at the international level, the United Nations has indeed played a fundamental role in upholding international law and in progressively developing and codifying it. Over the decades, a multitude of multilateral treaties has been negotiated under the auspices of the organization,

and new treaties are being developed in response to new challenges.

As rightly emphasized in the report, the International Court of Justice, the principal judicial organ of the United Nations, has played and plays an instrumental role in implementing and promoting international law and upholding

the rule of law at the international level.

The high level of judicial activity at the ICJ reflects the trust

that the member states place in the court for the settlement of disputes.

In addition, the International Criminal Court is critical to preserving international rule of law. Since its establishment, the ICC has not only delivered justice for some of the victims of the most serious crimes under international law, but also made an invaluable contribution to the development of international criminal law. The Nordic countries reaffirm our unwavering support for international courts and tribunals and for the dedicated officials who serve within them. We underscore that the independence and impartiality of judicial institutions are essential pillars of the rule of law.

These principles must be protected at all times to ensure justice, accountability, and the integrity of the international legal system.

We wish to underscore the vital role of the International Law Commission, whose mandate lies at the core of the United Nations mission as set

out in Article 13 of the UN Charter.

The ILC's work in codifying and progressively developing international law directly serves the interests and practical needs of member states. It is therefore deeply concerning that the ILC has been disproportionately impacted by the UN liquidity crisis.

We emphasize that the commission must be provided

with adequate resources to fulfill its functions as mandated by the General Assembly.

Multilateralism is not a luxury.

It is a necessity.

The global challenges we face today are too complex for any country to tackle alone. The need for the United Nations and the rules-based international order continues to grow. For the UN to succeed, we must respect it, engage with it, and shape it into a modern, effective institution, one that upholds the charter and advances

our shared ideals.

Let us remember our collective commitment to multilateralism and international rule of law, and continue to support and cherish the organization in the center of this work. The Nordic countries reiterate our firm support for the United Nations and its activities to promote sustainable development, peace, security, rule of law, and human rights.

Thank you, Mr. Chair.

I thank the delegation of Finland speaking on behalf of the Nordic countries. I now wish to give the floor to the distinguished representative of Australia speaking on behalf of Canada, Australia and New Zealand.

Thank you, Chair. I have the honor today of speaking on behalf of Canada, New Zealand and my own country, Australia, on this important topic at the 80th anniversary of the United Nations. Last year, Cairns countries spoke about the international system being under pressure from the vastness and complexity of issues facing states. In the 12 months since we last met on this topic, that scope of issues has only expanded and intensified. Which is why CAANZ countries particularly welcome the subtopic of today's debate, the rule of law at the national and international levels at the 80th anniversary of the United Nations. This subtopic is a chance to reflect upon how, over the 80 years of the United Nations, respect for the rule of law has remained central to the functionality and viability of our domestic and international systems. including the United Nations itself. At the international level, the rule of law gives predictability and legitimacy to international relations. It continues to be critical for international peace and security, human rights and sustainable development, the three core pillars upon which the United Nations was built 80 years ago. We thank the Secretary-General for their report and commend the work of the United Nations in providing rule of law assistance in over 150 member states spanning every region of the world. We acknowledge the positive contributions made by the UN to the rule of law over the past 80 years through policy making and standard setting and through the progressive development of international law and its codification. This work remains essential for building just and fair societies that respect human rights and uphold the rule of law domestically and internationally. CAANZ countries will continue to be guided by the purposes and principles of the UN Charter as we engage in work that promotes the rule of law and strengthens international law. As reflected in the new vision of the Secretary-General for the rule of law, We agree that Member States' compliance with their obligations under international law is essential for the maintenance of international peace and security, for international cooperation, and ultimately to protect individuals. CAANZ countries recognise that the rule of law lies at the heart of the United Nations Charter and it is founded on States upholding their international obligations in good faith. We are concerned that respect for international humanitarian law is being severely undermined, with real consequences for people caught up in conflicts. This is why CAN support the ICRC's global initiative to galvanise political commitment for IHL, and we call on all world leaders to unite around a shared responsibility to protect and uphold humanity in war. We remain deeply concerned by increasing fatalities and incidents involving humanitarian personnel and increasing restrictions on humanitarian access. Over 100 nations have now endorsed the Declaration for the Protection of Humanitarian Personnel, launched on the eve of High Level Week, and we encourage all states to endorse it. This declaration delivers real protection for humanitarians risking their lives to protect others at a time when they are facing unprecedented threats to their lives and safety. Cairns countries acknowledge the crucial work of international courts and tribunals in upholding international law. We reaffirm our support for the International Court of Justice as the principal judicial organ of the United Nations and our recognition of its vital role in promoting the rule of law through the peaceful judicial settlement of disputes between states. We call on all states which have not done so to accept the compulsory jurisdiction of the International Court of Justice. Cairns countries are also longstanding supporters of the International Criminal Court, which contributes to the fight against impunity through the prosecution of the most serious international crimes, when national authorities are unable or unwilling to do so. Cairns countries continue to support the Secretary-General's call for all member states to promote and adhere to the rule of law within their borders and internationally. We reiterate that we can only solve our biggest international problems together, and we take this opportunity to commend the work of the United Nations in bringing states together and for promoting effective, inclusive and accountable institutions that have upheld the rule of law for over 80 years. For our part, Cairns remains ready to cooperate with other member states and the United Nations to preserve and protect the rule of law at national and international levels, working in partnership to strengthen accountability globally and promote the international institutions that defend international law. Thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative of Australia speaking on behalf of the the CANZ countries. I now give the floor to the distinguished delegate from Latvia speaking on behalf of the three Baltic countries of Estonia, Lithuania and Latvia.

Mr. Chair, I have the honor to address the sixth committee on behalf of three Baltic countries. Estonia, Lithuania, and my own country, Latvia, and we align ourselves with the statement delivered by the European Union and its member states. We thank the Secretary-General for his latest report on the rule of law, which underscores the vital role of peace, security, and sustainable development. The report also indicates the pressing need for strong national and international legal frameworks, as well as inclusive access to justice. First of all, the rule of law begins at home. At the national level, it means building and sustaining independent judiciaries, transparent institutions, equal access to justice, and strong safeguards for human rights and fundamental freedoms. It requires laws that are applied equally to all without discrimination or selective enforcement. Our democratic transitions demonstrated that lasting peace and prosperity are only possible when the rule of law is firmly rooted domestically. Ensuring accountability, fighting corruption, and protecting media freedoms and civic space remains essential pillars in strengthening public trust in state institutions. By upholding these principles nationally, we reinforce the international rule of law and contribute to resilient rules-based global order. for Baltic states whose histories reflect both the fragility and resilience of international law. This is not an abstract debate. After 80 years, we must ask, has the world truly learned that the rule of law remains our strongest shield against aggression and injustice? Our own experience provides a clear and undeniable answer. When the principles of the UN charter are upheld, Nations can reclaim their independence and build free, democratic and prosperous societies. But when those principles are disregarded, the cost of international peace and security is immeasurable. The rule of law is not merely a set of norms. It is a vital shield against tyranny, oppression and violations of human rights. As we mark the 80th anniversary of United Nations, The fight against impunity remains one of the most pressing challenges of our time. Strengthening international legal frameworks is not merely a necessity; it is a moral imperative to ensure accountability, uphold the rule of law, and secure justice for all. In this regard, we underscore the central role of the International Court of Justice and the International Criminal Court. whose authority and judgment safeguard the rule of law and ensure the accountability for the most serious violations of international norms. Our commitment to rule of law goes beyond rhetoric. We support and welcome the mechanisms that enable justice, reinforce state cooperation, and ensure that impunity does not become a norm. Likewise, We recognize the important role of the United Nations in advancing the codification and progressive development of international law, particularly through the work of the International Law Commission. We reaffirm our commitment to supporting its efforts as a cornerstone of rules-based international order for building a strong multilateral system. Ultimately, the rule of law at the national and international levels are dispersible. Without strong domestic foundations, the international system cannot thrive and without an effective international order, national efforts cannot be sustained. Strengthening both dimensions is essential for peace, justice and sustainable development for all. I thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative of Latvia speaking on behalf of the three Baltic countries, Estonia, Lithuania and Latvia. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Liechtenstein.

Thank you, Mr. Chair. Liechtenstein aligns itself with the statement of the Group of Friends that was made this morning and offers the following brief comments in its national capacity. The rule of law is the foundation of the international legal order established by the Charter of the United Nations. It reminds us that peace and security can only be sustained where the law and not force prevails. As a small state without armed forces and not part of any military alliance, Liechtenstein's security relies on the respect for international law and the enforcement of accountability when the law is violated. Threats made to the rule of law affect more than international institutions. They put at risk the very existence of states whose sovereignty relies upon them. Fundamental norms of the UN Charter, such as the prohibition of the illegal use of force, are increasingly disregarded. This trend undermines the stability and predictability that the rule of law provides, and also erodes the

confidence in the international legal order as a whole.

As it is the case in national systems, international courts are key elements to safeguard and

protect the rule of law.

In the report of the UN Secretary General on the rule of law,

It is highlighted that the International Court of Justice maintained a high level of judicial activity this year. The court's workload has grown significantly in recent years, addressing some of the most pressing issues in international law. The strong level of participation in the landmark advisory opinion on climate change initiated by small states is an illustration of the relevance of this court. The International Criminal Court is complementary to the work of the ICJ. and also of unique importance to the rule of law. This court is not only an international institution created by mankind, it is also able to prosecute

some of the most serious crimes.

It is a collective statement that we made that nobody is above the law. While the importance of the court can hardly be overstated, the institution finds itself under massive political pressure. Unprecedented sanctions have been imposed against officials of the International Criminal Court and civil society actors supporting its work,

and even a special rapporteur whose work is protected by immunities.

We are committed to protecting the independence of the Court and individuals working with

it, and we look forward to working with other States on that matter.

The work led by the Sixth

Committee and the coordination of the rule of law resolution under the capable leadership of Mexico and Luxembourg is essential to advance our shared commitment to the rule of law.

For the next year topic discussions, we would like to suggest for

consideration of this committee to discuss issues related to the nexus between the rule of law

and the use of force. We also wish to highlight positive developments to renew our political commitment to international law. In this regard, the ICRC global initiative to galvanize political

commitment to international humanitarian law shows how coordinated actions can ensure that IHL is respected and adapted for the future.

Likewise, the entry into force of the agreement on marine biological diversity of area beyond national jurisdiction, also entitled BBNJ, reflects our collective resolve to protect the environment and also to develop multilateral treaties advancing international law. Mr. Chair, Liechtenstein reiterates its commitment to protect the rule of law and institutions safeguarding it. Upholding international law and supporting accountability are essential for a stable and peaceful international order. The rule of law is our shield, it is our premise, it is our responsibility. I thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative of Liechtenstein for her statement. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Rwanda.

Thank you very much, Chair, and thank you for giving me the floor.

Chair, I join to commend you and your Bureau for the good work that you're doing, and you can trust on Rwanda's support as we go forward.

Chair, we align our statement with Cameroon and Iran that were delivered this morning. Chair, recently we adopted the Pact of the Future.

We are farming our collective commitment to rule of law as a bedrock for peace, sustainable development, and human rights.

Rwanda fully supported the Pact's reaffirmation of the charter, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights,

and the principles of sovereignty, territorial integrity, and peaceful settlement of disputes.

Like most have said, rule of law is

indispensable to restoring trust in multilateralism and ensuring that international norms are applied consistently without selectivity or double standard.

Only through respect for these principles.

Can we build a fair, stable international order fit for purpose and serves all nations large and small alike? Indeed, Chair, eight decades of our United Nations Organization reminds us that the rule of law is a cornerstone for peaceful, just and inclusive societies. For Rwanda, It remains both a guiding principle domestically and a cornerstone for engagement internationally. At the global level, it fosters trust among states and ensures that treaties and norms are applied fairly. At the national level, it strengthens our institutions, promotes accountability, and builds public confidence in our governance system. Chair and colleagues, after the 1994 genocide against the Tutsi, Rwanda rebuilt its justice system through both international cooperation and homegrown solutions. The Gacaca courts delivered justice, reconciliation, abun's mediators helped resolve community disputes, and programs like Ingando and Ubedhe strengthened our civic responsibility. and inclusive governance throughout the country. These experiences demonstrate that justice can be both accountable and restorative, offering lessons for post-conflict societies everywhere. Rhonda, allow me to highlight four points to stress what was said before.

First, Equality before the law cannot be selective or politicized.

Second, legal mechanisms must never serve political interests. The misuse and abuse of universal jurisdiction or judicial interference by foreign countries for strategic purposes undermine trust.

And weakens international justice.

Third, judicial independence is non-negotiable. Foreign interference or manipulation of legal processes erodes the very foundation of rule of law and must be firmly rejected. And fourth, justice must be restorative as well as restrictive. Rwanda's own experience shows that reconciliation and accountability can coexist.

To rebuild societies and sustain peace.

And finally, Chair, Rwanda recalls that justice delayed is justice denied and carries devastating consequences. Decades after the genocide, some fugitives continue to evade accountability. Rule of law demands that they cannot find a safe haven anywhere. Finally, Chair, by upholding the rule of law universally and impartially and consistently, we strengthen multilateralism and advance sustainable development, secure a just and peaceful world.

For Rwanda, this is not only a legal commitment, it is a moral duty to honor the victims.

Protect the future generations and ensure that never again becomes live reality.

Thank you, sir.

I thank the distinguished representative of Rwanda for his statement. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Cameroon.

Chair, Cameroon aligns itself with the statements made on behalf of the non-aligned movement by the Islamic Republic of Iran. And on behalf of the African group by its own delegation, I would like to add a few elements in our national capacity. Chair, my delegation takes note of the Secretary General's report on the efforts made to promote and strengthen the rule of law at the national and international levels, as well as on the coordination of United Nations rule of law assistance. Chair, In its resolution 69/126, the General Assembly invited Member States to share their observations during the previous debates of the Sixth Committee on the rule of law and international law at the 80th anniversary of the United Nations. Chair, the creation of the United Nations in 1945, which was based on the UN Charter, sought in Toronto to promote the rule of law on an international level, which at the time was an essential foundation for peace, security, protection of human rights and development. The rule of law, beyond being simply a fundamental right, was a demand in practice that required that all states respect international law to maintain justice and be equal. Our organization has since served as a forum and a multilateral framework for negotiations and the signing of international conventions in different fields, working as much as possible to guarantee the implementation of them. It has also, via the International Court of Justice, provided a framework for the peaceful resolution of disputes between states. Clearly, the United Nations has addressed major challenges and seen times of real uncertainty. However, they have nevertheless been able to overcome them despite the difficulties of some crucial issues. Chair, at a time when our organization is marking the 80th anniversary of its creation, we should step up our efforts to strengthen multilateralism, which is indeed the main vector for the rule of law. effective and legitimate multilateralism which will allow the respect for international law and will be an essential bedrock to the underpins the work of the international community. In another world where the rules and principles that are most fundamental part are being flouted only Strong multilateralism and increased cooperation can restore the rule of law and ensure the basis for participation equally on all levels between all. We are in adopting just rules that are consensus based will be able to address this. These are only effective if they can reform institutions that no longer enjoy the trust and legitimacy from all states. This is the case of the UN Security Council, for example, whose membership is no longer representative of the state of the world at the moment, and there are real questions still looming regarding its work. International justice must continue to improve its functioning so that decisions be welcomed and implemented harmoniously. Chair. For developing countries who have so far had a marginal presence in the international legal system because of a lack of technical capacity or perhaps financial means, this is something that our organisation should pay greater attention to. Chair, the pact for the future which was recently adopted contains a vision of a renewed international cooperation and legitimate ambitions to create a world that should be underpinned fully by the rule of law and create the necessary conditions for justice to be maintained. My delegation urges the States to invest tirelessly to implement this. Chair, our efforts that seek to promote the rule of law on an international level should logically be accompanied by actions to implement the rule of law on a national level. In terms of Cameroon, beyond its cooperation to support UN efforts to promote the rule of law, and its actions to guarantee its effective participation in the international legal system, my country is working in a determined and committed way to consolidate the rule of law at home, indeed to focus on development and prosperity, actions that are continuing to apply the law to ensure the independence of the justice system, to guarantee equality of all citizens before the law, to respect, promote and protect human rights, to reduce inequality and exclusions, to combat corruption and impunity, and also to strengthen institutions, to promote accountability and also to fight injustice of all sorts. Chair, my delegation would like to reaffirm that it stands ready to collaborate in a constructive fashion with other delegations as part of this agenda item's consideration. Thank you very much indeed.

I thank the distinguished representative of Cameroon for his statement. I give the floor now to the distinguished delegate of the Republic of Korea.

Thank you, Mr. Chair. The Republic of Korea aligns itself with the statement delivered by Group of Friends of the Rule of Law. I would like to add a few remarks in my national capacity. My delegation reaffirms the value of the rule of law as the foundation of friendly, cooperative, and equitable relations among the states and as the cornerstone of just and fair societies. We highly appreciate the Secretary-General's latest report on strengthening and coordinating United Nations rule of law activities, which comprehensively outlined the UN's indispensable and wide-ranging efforts in promoting the rule of law. We note the efforts made by the UN to advance international law, support national justice sector reforms, promote the rights of vulnerable groups, combat corruption, and assist transnational transitional justice and constitution-making processes. As reflected in this report, over the past eight decades, the United Nations has played a vital role in the progressive development and codification of international law. The Republic of Korea has always been an active and constructive partner in these endeavors. In the 80-year history of the United Nations and the development of international law, I would like to highlight a few examples of Korea's short yet pivotal contributions. We have consistently and actively contributed to the negotiation and elaboration of key international instruments such as the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, and most recently the BBNJ Agreement which will enter into force next January. The Republic of Korea has also been actively engaged in the international legal bodies such as International Law Commission and international judicial bodies including ICC, ITLOS, and ICTY, where the world-class Korean legal experts have made significant contribution through their service. Building upon this legacy, Korea has nominated for the first time in history a candidate for the upcoming election of judges to the International Court of Justice. Through this candidacy, we aim to continue our contribution to the strengthening of international law and the rule of law at the global level, and would be grateful for member state supports. Domestically, Korea has also strived to strengthen a rule of law by ensuring the effective implementation of international obligation through the domestic legislations. As one example, following the swift ratification of the BBNJ agreement, my government is actually preparing the necessary national implementation laws to ensure the prompt and faithful execution of the treaty's provisions. At the same time, Korea's committed to sharing its experience in promoting the rule of law with developing countries through various development cooperation programs. These include capacity building initiative for judicial independence through training programs, contribution to the trust fund of ICJ's Judicial Fellowship Program, and the provision of digital forensic training to strengthen investigative capacity. In 2024 alone, Korea implemented project was 11 million dollars in the field of legal and judicial development as part of its ODA initiatives contributing to the establishment of the stable rule of the law governance around the world. As a responsible global power that believes in the value of multilateral cooperation based on the rule of law, the Republic of Korea will continue to work closely with the United Nations and member states to advance the rule of law at both national and international levels. Thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative of the Republic of Korea for her statement. I now give the floor to the permanent representative of Thailand.

Mr. Chair, thank you. At the outset, I would like to congratulate you and the members of the Bureau on your election. Please rest assured of our full support for the success of the Sixth Committee. We to align ourselves with the statement delivered by Iran on behalf of the Non-Aligned Movement and the Philippines on behalf of ASEAN. Thailand would like to commend the Secretary-General for his report and appreciate the organization's continued efforts to strengthen and coordinate rule of law activities across the globe. As we commemorate the 80th anniversary of the United Nations, Thailand is pleased to share our contributions to the promotion of the rule of law. Earlier this year, Thailand enacted the Marriage Equality Act, granting equal marriage and family rights to same-sex couples. This milestone reflects our commitment to developing the rule of law guided by human dignity, justice, and equality. Thailand will continue to promote gender parity in the international community, including by encouraging the full, equal, meaningful participation of women and persons of diverse gender identities, including in decision-making roles across international organizations and fora to ensure gender parity in the international community. Thailand has also recently established a national committee on international humanitarian law as an interagency coordination platform in order to fulfill our commitment to respect and ensure respect for IHL in all circumstances as enshrined in common article one of the Geneva Conventions. Against the backdrop of today's global challenges, Thailand would like to reaffirm the utmost importance of upholding the rule of law in the time of armed conflict, especially IHL and human rights law, and wishes to call upon all parties to such conflict to seek peaceful means of dispute settlement. Mr. Chair, Thailand would like to offer four reflections for the rule of law at the international level. First, this 80th year of the UN has been one of the most important and exciting years for international law with a renewed demand for multilateral treaty making. Thailand welcomes the successful adoption of the United Nations convention against cybercrime and DWHO pandemic agreement. At the same time, we need to work further to advance to advancing three ongoing treaty making processes, the international legally binding instrument to end plastic pollution, a convention on the protection of persons in the event of disasters and a convention on crimes against humanity. Second, with the growing significance of international law, it remains essential to continue promoting and raising awareness of the rule of law among the public. Education and capacity building is essential to realize this. We remain committed to contributing to the United Nations program of assistance, including by co-hosting the United Nations regional course in international law for Asia Pacific. to disseminate knowledge of international law among practitioners and government officials. Third, Thailand is proud to contribute to the clarification and development of the rules of international law. In December 2024, we participated in the advisory proceedings before the International Court of Justice on the obligations of states in respect of climate change. July this year, we launched Thailand's national position on the application of international law in cyberspace, setting out our views on sovereignty, non-intervention, the prohibition of the use of force and state responsibility in cyberspace. We reiterate that the rule of law must be interpreted and developed in a manner that responds effectively to contemporary challenges. Fourth, the rule of law should serve both present and future generations. We see the necessity of implementing international law in consistent with 2030 agenda and the pact for the future. We know the ICJ's opinion on climate change. We know that the ICJ's opinion on climate change provides that intergenerational equity as a guiding principle for interpreting the climate change legal regime in the interest of future generations. As a member of the Human Rights Council, Thailand will continue to work to mainstream human rights in matters affecting future generations. Mr. Chair, 80 years on, the United Nations has shown that the rule of law is not just a slogan, but a commitment that turns to reality. Thailand stands ready to work with all member states and international organizations to uphold the rule of law at the national and international levels for all. I thank you for your kind attention.

I thank the Permanent Representative of Thailand for his statement. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of the Netherlands.

Mr. Chair, as this is the first time my delegation is taking the floor, allow me to congratulate you and your newly elected Bureau for the Sixth Committee. You can count on the full support of my delegation. The Kingdom of the Netherlands aligns itself with the statement given by the European Union on behalf of the EU and its member states. The Kingdom of the Netherlands also aligns itself with the statement given by Austria on behalf of the Group of Friends of the Rule of Law, as well as the statement given by Colombia on behalf of the Justice Action Coalition. In addition, the Kingdom of the Netherlands would like to share the following. A strong international legal order, a rules-based international legal order where rules are clear, agreed on and complied with is essential for a just, peaceful and prosperous world. This is why the Kingdom of the Netherlands is working to strengthen the rules-based international order. This ambition is enshrined in Article 90 of the Dutch Constitution. The government shall promote the development of the international legal order. The Kingdom of the Netherlands contributes to the development of rules that embody the international legal order and pushes for compliance with existing rules of international law. In doing so, the Kingdom of the Netherlands is guided by its conviction that national sovereignty cannot override every other principle. The Netherlands has a long tradition of promoting international law, stretching from Hugo Grotius' Mare Liberum to its current role as host state to numerous legal institutions, including the International Court of Justice and the International Criminal Court. The Netherlands is home to a trove of legal knowledge and as the city of peace and justice, The Hague plays a key role in the international administration of justice. Mr. Chair, when it comes to bolstering the international legal order, efforts to combat impunity for international crimes and ensure accountability are an explicit priority for the Kingdom of the Netherlands. The international legal order will be strengthened by the prosecution of persons accused of war crimes, crimes against humanity, genocide and the crime of aggression. Such efforts help restore the rule of law, have a deterrent effect, provide a measure of redress to victims and contribute to lasting peace. The gathering of documentation and evidence is very important in this regard. The Kingdom of the Netherlands supports such activities both politically and financially. A recent example of this is the Netherlands' leading role in supporting gathering evidence and promoting accountability with regard to international crimes stemming from Russia's war of aggression against Ukraine. Because all perpetrators must be held accountable. The Kingdom of the Netherlands complements promoting the development of the international legal order by assisting states in strengthening the rule of law at a national level. Effective rule of law systems contribute to inclusive, peaceful and just societies and set the foundation for equitable and sustainable socioeconomic growth. At the national level, especially in fragile contexts, the Netherlands is involved in developing the rule of law and improving access to justice in third states through both bilateral and multilateral programs. In addition to providing traditional support, such as reinforcing justice institutions, the Kingdom of the Netherlands also seeks to help vulnerable groups gain access to justice. To this end, the Netherlands pursues a people-centred approach which prioritises the interests of individuals. In conclusion, the Kingdom of the Netherlands underscores the importance of upholding and further developing the international legal order, with the Charter of the United Nations at the heart of the international legal order and pushes for compliance with existing rules. Thank you, Mr. Chair.

I thank the distinguished representative of the Netherlands for her statement. I now give the floor to the distinguished delegate of Ethiopia.

Thank you, Mr. Chair. My delegation expresses its appreciation to the Secretary-General for his report on strengthening and coordinating United Nations through law flow activities. as contained in document A/80/99. Ethiopia aligns itself with the statement delivered by Cameroon on behalf of the African Group and would like to make the following remarks on our national capacity. Mr. Chair, we are celebrating the 80th anniversary of the establishment of the United Nations this year. One of our aspirations while adopting the United Nations Charter as provided under the preamble was our determination to the equal rights of all nations, large and small, and to establish a condition under which justice and respect for the obligations arising from treaties and other sources of international law can be maintained. To that end, we were determined to maintain international peace and security by the acceptance of principles and the institution of matters and creating a rule-based international cooperation. In the past years, in the past 80 years, the United Nations was used as a common platform for the international community to discuss issues of common interest and elaboration and adoption of international instruments that can guide the relation between states and resolving common problems to the international community. The United Nations had played a great role in the rules making process and in the teaching, study, dissemination and wider appreciation of international law. The United Nations technical assistance and capacity building initiatives increase and improves the participation of member states in the multilateral treaty making process. Our achievements under the auspices of the United Nations are many. The work of the United Nations to support member states to strengthen their rule of law initiatives is commendable. Ethiopia, one of the 51 founding members of the United Nations, is a strong proponent of effective multilateralism centered on the United Nations. This position is based on our belief that the objectives and purpose of the United Nations would be achieved when the relation between international community is based on rule of law, international law, justice and fairness, and the principle of sovereign equality of all states. Mr. Chair, it is time for the international community to ask if we achieved what we had aspired eight years ago in creating a rule of law at the international level. The multilateralism we aspired is facing challenges from unilateral coercive measures and inequitable international cooperation. The rules-based system we aspired is facing challenges of biased interpretation and application of international norms, and treaties and systemic double standards. The judicial and semi-judicial mechanisms created are becoming tools of strong nations. The use of modern technology to pressure states and discredit governments is a continuing unfortunate practice, all of which undermines rule of law at the international level. Furthermore, despite our cardinal principles that guarantee sovereign equality of states, United Nations institutions, including the United Nations Security Council, remains unrepresentative and undemocratic. The works and methods of the council that has no regard to the voice and representation of countries concerned is also antithesis to rule of law. The lack of rule of law as the helm of the United Nations is bound to cascade over its decisions and credibility. However, the challenges we face today shall be a springboard to double our efforts to make the United Nations work as aspired and play a meaningful contribution to creating a world ruled by international law. On its part, the United Nations should play its role by demonstrating impartiality, independence, competence, and credibility among all its member states and double its role of rule of law activities. As a founding member of the United Nations and a proponent of rule of law and respect for treaty obligation of states, Ethiopia will continue to support the work of the United Nations. In this light and considering the unique occasion of the 80th anniversary of the United Nations, Ethiopia encourages the United Nations to organize reflection sessions on the state of and the required next steps for ensuring rule of law at the international level. The regional courses on international law are good opportunities to have these consultations at the regional level. Ethiopia is ready to coordinate with the Office of Legal Affairs to having these consultations in parallel with the African regional course on international law. Mr. Chair, in conclusion, Ethiopia reiterates the need to preserve and demand respect for international law by the community of nations at the international level and establish cooperation between and among nations based on national priorities and local specificities to build a system of rule of law at the national level. I thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative of Ethiopia for his statement. I give the floor now to the distinguished representative of India.

Thank you, Mr. Chair. We express our sincere appreciation to the Secretary-General for his report contained in document A/80/99 on strengthening and coordinating the United Nations rule of law activities. The report underscores the essential role of the rule of law, justice and good governance as the guiding principles for the UN and its member states. Mr. Chair, India upholds the rule of law as a cornerstone of its national governance, enshrined in its constitution and reinforced through the independence of its judiciary and initiatives that expand access to justice, such as legal aid programs. In India, the rule of law operates on both procedural and substantive levels. It restrains arbitrary actions by the state, guarantees equality before law, and embeds democratically accountability across all branches and levels of governance. To reinforce India's commitment to the rule of law and strengthen its national legal framework in 2024, three new legal laws framework, Bharatiya Naya Sahita, a penal code, Bharatiya Nagrik Suraksha Sahita, a criminal procedure code, and Bharatiya Saksh Adhinayam, evidence law came into effect. These reforms are aimed at establishing a more transparent, people centric and agile mechanism that are equipped to tackle emerging challenges such as cyber crime. The government also tackles emerging challenges as cyber crime. The government is also undertaking various activities to create awareness of the new laws and promote legal literacy. These measures are aimed at enhancing public trust and institutional effectiveness by tackling corruption, modernizing outdated laws, and promoting transparency in government operations. India is also adapting its law enforcement measures to confront emerging threats, such as the misuse of drones and virtual currencies. These include updating legislation, developing specialized infrastructure, and fostering inter-agency coordination to ensure effective implementation and strict enforcement. Through these measures, India reinforces its commitment to safeguarding national security and contributing meaningfully to the global peace and stability. In today's strong interconnected world, multilateralism is vital for tackling shared global challenges, but its effectiveness depends on strong legal framework that upholds the common good. India firmly believes that the cooperative multilateralism is the only sustainable way forward, underscoring the urgent need to strengthen the international rule of law. India recognizes the importance of multilateral treaty processes in advancing the rule of law. This is reflected in our participation in a wide area of treaties and conventions adopted under the auspices of United Nations and other international bodies. We agree with the concluding observation in para 130 of the Secretary-General's report, which affirms that the rule of law is the cornerstone of multilateralism and a vital foundation for just and peaceful societies. When international treaties, norms, and agreements are applied uniformly and equitably, they foster trust and cooperation among states. In accordance with the General Assembly Resolution 79/126, the current session deliberations centers on the subtopic, the rule of law at the national and international levels at the 80th anniversary of the United Nations. This topic offers a broad platform to reflect on the shared responsibilities of member states in upholding the rule of law and underscores the indispensable role of multilateralism in managing an increasingly globalized and interconnected world. India looks forward to engaging in substantive discussions on this important subtopic with the aim of advancing the three pillars of UN. These deliberations also reaffirm the critical role of the United Nations in championing the rule of law across all levels of governance, Mr. Chair, for multilateralism and the international rule of law to remain effective and credible, global governance structures must evolve to reflect contemporary realities. The current architecture of the United Nations, particularly the composition of the Security Council, reflects a geopolitical reality of a bygone era. In the light of the profound transformation in global power dynamics, demographics and international challenges, there is an urgent and compelling need to undertake comprehensive reforms, including expansion in the permanent and non-permanent categories. Such reform is essential not only to enhance the Council's legitimacy, transparency and accountability, but also to ensure its continued relevance and effectiveness in addressing the present day challenges. We remain hopeful that the international community will rise to the occasion and undertake the necessary reform of the United Nations to make it fit for the purpose to effectively address the complex and the interconnected challenges of the 21st century. Thank you, Mr. Chair.

I thank the distinguished representative of India for his statement, and I give the floor now to the distinguished representative of Armenia.

Thank you, Mr. Chair. With the adoption of the UN Charter 80 years ago, we pledged to enter a new era of world order founded on the principle of the rule of law. We committed to upholding this principle to ensure the sovereign equality of states and the peaceful coexistence of nations. We vowed to guarantee that justice is not selective. We empowered international institutions, first of all, the United Nations and the International Court of Justice, with the mandate to maintain and protect international peace and security, as well as to ensure the peaceful settlement of international disputes. This year, we commemorate the 80th anniversary of the UN Charter and acknowledge that historic milestone as a collective promise to future generations to uphold human dignity and advance international cooperation. The United Nations, resting upon the objectives of the Charter and the principles of international law, has become the principal forum for multilateral dialogue. It has given the space for negotiations, the escalation of conflicts, facilitated conflict resolutions, led humanitarian efforts, championed human rights, promoted sustainable development, and progressively developed and codified international law. The United Nations principal judicial organ, the International Court of Justice, has demonstrated its capacity and proved states with a credible forum for the peaceful settlement of disputes. Despite the remarkable progress achieved throughout these years, we acknowledge that the world has not always lived up to the ideas of the Charter. Eight decades later, we found ourselves in a situation of growing violations of international law, selective adherence to legal obligations, inconsistent enforcement, the use of power politics that erode the public confidence in the rule of law. The maintenance of the world order based on the rule of law is in the interest of each nation and all peoples, as it compels both big and small states to operate within a shared legal order, where disputes are resolved through negotiations, not by force. Armenia is a strong supporter of the predictable and peaceful world order and reaffirms the imperative of upholding its international obligations in accordance with international law. We believe that in these turbulent times, we bear a collective responsibility to safeguard the world order established 80 years ago and to speak out with one voice against any attempts to undermine or destroy it. In this regard, we reiterated our commitment to uphold the integrity of multilateralism and respect for international law enshrined in 2012 UN Declaration on the Rule of Law and in the Pact for the Future in 2024, and to translate the international commitments into national legal frameworks and practices, building societies where justice is equal, governance is transparent, and law serves the people. Mr. Chair, advancing the rule of law requires sustained commitment, both domestically and internationally, to ensure that no one is above the law and that justice is accessible to all. As part of the ongoing reforms of the judiciary, fight against corruption, development of the human rights action plan, Armenia has a proven track record of effective international cooperation with the United Nations and the Council of Europe. The vibrant civil society and the inclusive civic space remain instrumental for our ongoing reform efforts on the progressive improvement of the legislation in a large number of areas. Mr. Chair, we believe that the United Nations, as the guardian of international peace and security, must continue to champion the rule of law as a universal principle. one that binds states, protects people, and strengthens our shared humanity. And I thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative of Armenia for her statement. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Sierra Leone.

Thank you, Chair. And let me reiterate my delegation's congratulations on your election as Chair. to the Bureau and to commit our full support as you undertake this important work. Sierra Leone aligns itself with the statements delivered by Cameroon on behalf of the African Group and by the Islamic Republic of Iran on behalf of the Non-Aligned Movement. We offer these additional remarks in our national capacity, and the long version of our statement has been circulated through e-statement. Chair, as we commemorate the 80th anniversary of the United Nations, it is fitting to reflect on the enduring importance of the rule of law at the national and international levels. We reaffirm our unwavering commitment to the rule of law as a foundation of just, peaceful, and equitable societies. The rule of law underpins democracy, safeguards human rights, and sustains peace, and development. Guided by these principles, Sierra Leone continues significant reforms to strengthen our justice system and align it with acceptable international norms. Recent legislative milestones include the Child's Rights Amendment Act, which strengthens protections against child marriage and harmonizes domestic law with the Convention on the Rights of the Child. and the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child. The Criminal Procedure Act of 2024 replaces outdated colonial-era legislation with a modern framework that upholds human rights, accelerates trials, and enhances judicial fairness. The Evidence Bill of 2025, when enacted, will modernize evidentiary rules, including provisions on electronic evidence, and expert testimony. Chair, as we mark the 80th anniversary of the United Nations, the global rule of law system faces unprecedented strain. The UN Charter's principles on the prohibition on the use of force, respect for sovereignty, and the inadmissibility of territorial acquisition by force are all being violated with alarming impunity. International humanitarian and human rights law are disregarded in conflicts where civilians, especially women and children, bear the brunt. Nowhere is this more evident than the occupied Palestinian territory, including Gaza, where a UN commission of inquiry has found credible evidence of genocide, systematic killing of civilians, deliberate inflation of life destroying conditions, and widespread violations of the Geneva Conventions and the Genocide Convention. Equally alarming are the ongoing hostage-taking and arbitrary detention of thousands without due process, in violation of the Fourth Geneva Convention and the ICCPR. The release of hostages and arbitrary detained persons is both a legal and moral imperative. And we must emphasize that these are all matters of international law, not politics. Additionally, CELAC welcomes the new diplomatic initiatives, including the plan proposed by the President of the United States, and calls for all negotiations to proceed in good faith and in accordance with international law. We reiterate our call for an immediate cessation of hostilities, unhindered humanitarian access, and accountability for atrocity crimes. Chair, attempts to politicize or undermine international judicial mechanisms are deeply troubling. Effort to coerce or sanction the International Criminal Court or to delegitimize the International Court of Justice erode trust in the institutions that uphold the rule of law. Selective compliance with judgment and Security Council decisions undermine collective security and emboldens impunity. All states must recommit to the independence of international courts and consistent application of international law. While these challenges are grave, there are also encouraging developments that demonstrate the resilience of the rule of law. In the field of environmental and ocean governance, the adoption and triggering of the entry into force of the agreement on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction, the BBNJ agreement, represent a landmark achievement under United Nations Convention on Law of the Sea. Covering nearly two thirds of the ocean, the agreement operationalizes vital provisions for marine protected areas, capacity building, and the equitable sharing of benefits, which are critical steps towards global sustainability and intergenerational equity. Further, judicial responsiveness also affirms the rule of law's resilience. The International Tribunal on the Law of the Sea has provided authoritative guidance on sea level rise and climate change, and the International Court of Justice advisory opinion on climate obligations clarifies states' duties, under the charter, climate agreement, customary international law, and human rights treaties. These developments show how international law adapt to new challenges. Rapid technological change present profound legal and ethical questions. Cyberspace is now a domain of conflict. Yet the application of international law remains fragmented. Further work is needed to develop consensus-based norms safeguarding sovereignty, human rights, and accountability. The rise of artificial intelligence and autonomous weapons also demands urgent legal clarity on accountability, regulation, and the prevention of misuse that could incite violence to undermine the rule of law and democracy. Chair, the effectiveness of the international legal system depends on the strength and independence of its institutions. the International Court of Justice remains indispensable to the peaceful settlement of dispute and the clarification of legal obligations. Its authority must be respected, its judgment implemented in good faith, and its bench to remain diverse and representative. In this regard, Sierra Leone is proud to have nominated Professor Dr. Charles Chehno Jalloh for election to the International Court of Justice. which will be held on 12 November 2025. A distinguished jurist, Professor Jallow's election will strengthen the court and amplify perspectives from both common law and civil law traditions. In closing, Chair, as we commemorate the UN's 80th anniversary, we are reminded that the rule of law is a living commitment, requiring constant defense and renewal. Its erosion anywhere threatens justice everywhere. Sierra Leone remains resolute in modernizing our national institutions, fulfilling our international obligations, and advocating for a just, inclusive, and rules-based international legal system. Let us renew our shared responsibility to strengthen the legal foundations of our rules-based multilateral system to safeguard the right, dignity, and security of future generations. And I thank you, Chair.

I thank the Permanent Representative of Sierra Leone for his statement. I now wish to give the floor to the distinguished representative of Egypt.

Thank you, Chair. So it's a very difficult task to follow the great Ambassador Kanu. to deliver a statement on the rule of law after Ambassador Kanda, but I'll try my best. Egypt aligns itself with the statements delivered by Cameroon on behalf of the African group, by Oman on behalf of the Arab group, and by Iran on behalf of the non-aligned movement, and delivers the following comments in its national capacity. Chairperson, 55 years ago, the General Assembly adopted resolution 2625, pursuant to which it approved the Declaration on Principles of International Law Concerning Friendly Relations Among States. The declaration included seven principles. These are the sovereign equality of states, the non-use of force, the peaceful settlement of disputes, non-intervention, self-determination, the duty of cooperation, and the obligation to fulfill obligations under the charter in good faith. Colleagues, I have two questions. First, would it be possible to adopt a similar declaration on the occasion of the 80th anniversary of the establishment of the UN? And second, To what extent are the seven principles included in the friendly relations declaration being respected? Regrettably, in our view, the answers to these two questions are negative. We have reached an extent of polarization that makes it unlikely that the General Assembly could adopt by consensus a declaration that includes a robust restatement of cardinal rules of international law. And second, The seven principles of the Friendly Relations Declaration are being systematically violated. For some states, the use of force has become an instrument of first resort, while other states are openly ignoring the prohibition on the acquisition of territory by force, including in engaging in what the International Court of Justice called de facto annexation. Commitment to fundamental principles of humanitarian law is eroding, causing hundreds of thousands of civilian deaths and the wanton destruction of civilian objects. Cyberspace and artificial intelligence are being used to coerce states by spreading disinformation and sowing social and political discord in contravention of the prohibition on intervention. Decisions of international judicial bodies, including provisional measures indicated by the International Court of Justice, are routinely being flouted. And states are failing to live up to the duty to cooperate in countless areas of global governance, including planetary crises such as climate change. And finally, notwithstanding the deeply appreciated but much delayed recognition of the state of Palestine, the Palestinian people are still denied their right to self-determination. So colleagues, it is not an exaggeration to say that the international legal order stands at a precipice. Moreover, a sentiment expressed by many heads of state and government during the general debate was a sense of anxiety, perhaps even apprehension about the fate of multilateralism and the future of world order. President Faye of Senegal warned that, quote, the world is teetering again, as if we are caught in the same currents that dragged humanity into two major disasters in the space of one generation. Prime Minister Meloni of Italy recalled that Pope Francis had spoken of a third world war being fought piecemeal. Foreign Minister Balakrishnan of Singapore noted that quote, primary underwriters of the old world order have now decided to take a more transactional, a narrower view of their national interests. And the Secretary General lamented quote, that the pillars of peace and progress are buckling under the weight of impunity, inequality and indifference. Chair. Egypt does not have a panacea for these challenges facing international law and multilateralism. But we are an old country that has witnessed the ebb and flow of history. And one lesson that we have learned was captured by President Alexander Stubb of Finland when he said, quote, "Each and every one of us has agency. Regardless of size, each and every member state of the UN has agency. a say in how the new world order will look like. Egypt believes that we should exercise this agency wisely. We should reflect on how history will look back and judge our actions or our failure to act. Even while we sit in this chamber as representatives of sovereign states, we are ultimately human beings with responsibilities to our broader human family. And it behooves us to exert every effort to walk back together from the precipice and to realize that our individual interests are best served by reaffirming commitment to the found the foundational rules of the international legal order. Thank you, Chair.

I thank the distinguished representative of Egypt for his statement. I now wish to give the floor to the Vice Chair, the distinguished representative of Equatorial Guinea.

Thank you very much, Mr. Chairman, for giving me the floor. My delegation aligns itself with the statements made by the distinguished representatives of Cameroon on behalf of the African group. the Islamic Republic of Iran on behalf of NAM and Venezuela on behalf of the Group of Friends in Defence of the Charter of the United Nations. I will now make a number of comments in a national capacity. At the outset, we wish to convey our thanks to the Secretary-General for the comprehensive report contained in document A/80/99. We wish to take this opportunity to recognise and commend the achievements made during the reporting period, particularly the adoption of the Pact for the Future. These were activities designed to strengthen and promote the rule of law at an international level, as the report makes clear. Mr. Chairman, as this year we mark the 80th anniversary of the United Nations, it is appropriate to recall that this organisation was born of a deep-seated human desire to never see the horrors of the Second World War play out again and of a desire to join forces to build a more peaceful, fairer and more solidarity-based world, the 80th anniversary of the United Nations is an invaluable opportunity not only to look back and reflect upon what we've achieved, but also to look forward towards the future and take action. More than celebrating the past, what we need to do is renew our commitment to a future in which the rule of law is not a merely empty promise, but rather a reality which is felt in the daily lives of all peoples across the globe. Mr. Chairman, in a global context marked by growing polarization, protracted conflicts, and grave challenges to the international order, the rule of law is facing increasingly complex challenges. These require collective, constant, and decisive commitment if they are to be overcome. My delegation believes that the only way to strengthen the rule of law at an international level involves staunchly defending international law and enforcing it. As such, it is vital to ensure full respect for the legitimate rights of states. In particular, there must be staunch respect for national sovereignty, sovereign equality between states, and the principle of non-interference in domestic affairs. Moreover, it is of paramount importance to refrain from the use or threat of use of force and from the imposition of unilateral coercive measures. Instead, we must promote and strengthen preventive diplomacy and the principle the peaceful resolution of disputes, these indeed are vital principles to preserve international peace and stability. In this same vein, I would say that it's vital to repudiate selective actions or ones underpinned by double standards. Instead, we should back collective efforts designed to rebuild a genuine, inclusive and equitable multilateralism. Multilateralism which faithfully reflects the principles of the United Nations Charter and commensurate with and able to address the challenges facing the international community today. In terms of what Equatorial Guinea is doing to strengthen the rule of law, we have undertaken significant actions at an institutional level and within our legal system designed to strengthen the protection of fundamental rights and the principle of equality before the law. These initiatives reflect my country's sustained commitment to consolidating a justice system which is accessible, transparent and equitable in order to provide timely and effective responses to growing demands for justice, the state of Equatorial Guinea continues to strengthen the judiciary, our prosecution system and other key institutions. In this endeavour, we are seeking to promote gender equality, to protect the rights of future generations, to guarantee accountability for atrocity crimes and to consolidate and strengthen a culture in which human rights are respected. All of this has the ultimate goal of building a more inclusive, sustainable and resilient society. In this vein, the prosecution system of Equatorial Guinea has signed a memorandum understanding with UNICEF in order to strengthen the comprehensive protection of children and adolescents. At the same time, we're promoting initiatives designed to build citizens' trust in the justice system. A significant indicator of the progress made is the an increase in the prosecution and hearing of cases of crimes of corruption and other criminal conduct cases involving senior state officials employers of state firms and other actors moreover we've stepped up our criminal action to deal with climb crimes of sexual abuse and rape, particularly cases involving where the victims are minors. These efforts reflect the resolute will on the part of our government to guarantee equality of all before the law. And they also reflect our desire to ensure that justice is applied without exceptions, including to those who violate the fundamental principles of the legal system. Mr. Chairman, allow me to conclude. We are driven by the premise that Only in a world governed by just laws with human dignity front and center can we build a true and sustainable peace. I wish to reaffirm our commitment to defending, preserving, and promoting the purposes and principles enshrined in the United Nations Charter and international law. Thank you.

I thank the Vice Chair and distinguished representative of Equatorial Guinea for her statement. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Qatar.

thank you Mr. chair Mr. chair we wish you all success as you lead the sixth committee we fully support you and the members of your Bureau in your efforts to ensure the success of the committee and enhance its role to uphold international law at International level we align ourselves with an aligned movement the GCC statement and the Arab group statement I delivered statement in my national capacity the secretary General's report reviews the priorities to enhance the rule of law that includes expanding access to justice through digital transformation and linking sustainable development to the rule of law and conflict prevention. We stress that we support this vision. It is important to invest in national institutions and enhance the rule of law at both national and international levels. We believe that the rule of law is the bedrock of of multilateralism and the legal order based on equality among states. Different summits and declarations indicated that rule of law is an essential element for conflict prevention and to achieve peace. Mr. Chair, the respect of rule of law at international level is confronting a number of challenges due to conflicts, due to violations of the United Nations structure and international law and international humanitarian law. In this context, The occupied Palestinian territories, especially Gaza, over the past two years has seen severe violations by occupation, Israeli occupation forces, violations of international law, international humanitarian law, and international human rights law. Resolution of the Secretary of the Council have not been implemented. And the ICJ advisory opinion on the repercussions of occupation have not been implemented either. Syria, Lebanon and other countries of the region are also affected. Qatar has also not been spared. It has been attacked in an unjustifiable way, an attack that targeted a residential area which claimed the lives of many, including a Qatari citizen. It's a violation of the sovereignty of Qatar and international law and the charter that prohibits the use of force against the sovereignty and international territorial, international and the territory of states. We abide by the peaceful settlement of dispute according to the UN Charter. The state of Qatar continues to make diplomatic efforts to reach a sustainable ceasefire in Gaza, to put an end to the human suffering in Gaza, and to restore the rule of law and international law. At national level, Mr. Chair, the state of Qatar continues to develop its institutions and legislation on the rule of law. We are enhancing our capacities to fight corruption through the Center of Combating Corruption in Doha. It is working in partnership with regional, national, international organizations to provide training courses and raise awareness to enhance rule of law and good governance. In February 2025, the High Council of Judiciary in Qatar, in cooperation with other partners, including WJP, We reviewed a study that the center has conducted to determine the level of rule of law in Qatar. This workshop is preparing the second strategy to develop the legal systems. We are aiming at raising awareness of different practices to enhance rule of law in the country. Mr. Chair, the state of Qatar reaffirms its commitment to supporting UN activities to enhance rule of law, to establish a more just, more stable international order based on non-selectivity, which might lead to undermining the international order. I thank you, Mr. Chair.

I thank the distinguished representative of Qatar for his statement. I now wish to give the floor to the distinguished representative of Morocco.

Thank you, Chair. The Kingdom of Morocco would like to express its gratitude to the Secretary-General for his report contained in document A/80/99 on strengthening the UN activities on the rule of law. In this connection, the Kingdom of Morocco would like to pay tribute to the fundamental role that the UN has played since its creation with all of its specialized agencies and bodies, particularly its work for development, promotion and codification of international law across all fields, including human rights, disarmament, criminal questions, rule of the law of the sea and protection of the environment. My delegation recognises that the theme of the rule of law on the national and international levels is ever evolving in a positive direction, and would like to share the following elements. On strengthening the rule of law at a national level, the Government of Morocco welcomes the support provided by the UN to Morocco. during the drafting and implementation of its national strategy for digital transformation of the legal system and for the technical assistance provided to recover assets from crime. However, when faced with the many challenges and the changing world that we live in, it is a priority for international and regional organizations, particularly the UN, to continue to support measures taken by states, fully respecting their sovereignty while they do it, as well as their national unity. Two, Chair. Driven as we are by our sincere commitment to the norms, principles, and mechanisms stemming from international systems, particularly from the UN, And concerned as we are to consolidate the domestic foundation of the rule of law, we are working constantly in Morocco on its legislative regulations to in line with the demands of our citizens in this day and age. This has been shown by how we've strengthened the effectiveness of our justice system to fight insecurity and to preserve our citizens' interests. Particularly since we created our High Council of Judicial Authority tasked with managing magistrates to guarantee their rights in line with the law. This body embodies the independence of justice, makes sure it is fair and impartial, and it also ensures that there is equality between all players. As we are trying to strengthen our national legal framework, various laws have been adopted by our parliament, the Criminal Procedural Code in 2025 and the Civil Code in June 2025, in addition to the entry into force in June 2025 of the Law on Alternative Punishments. In this connection and in line with our constitution, the Constitutional Court on the 4th of August, 2025, handed down a decision on the constitutionality of the civil procedure code, which reaffirmed the principles of the separation of powers and the legality of all before the law and before justice. It also provided a framework for the executive power on a regulatory level. while setting out the limits at the same time between the cooperation between the judiciary and the executive, respecting the principle of the independence of the justice system. Also, in terms of managing the justice, the time taken for this and to make it more effective, and reform of the Moroccan justice system, as a law on judicial organization was modified and adopted by our parliament in February 2025. This law has allowed for the creation of two specialised bodies on commercial and administrative for the ordinary appeals court which aims to optimise the infrastructure that has been made available and to mobile and smartly use human and logistical resources. To conclude, Chair, various reforms undertaken seek to contribute to addressing various difficulties faced by lawyers, and citizens to making justice more available in different provinces of the kingdom and allowing people to reach out to different provinces, which is often far away from where their place of residency. Thank you very much.

Distinguished representative of Morocco for his statement. I give the floor now to the distinguished representative of Brazil.

Thank you, Mr. Chair. In resolution 79/126, the General Assembly invited Member States to focus their comments during this year's debate about the rule of law on the state of affairs at the 80th anniversary of the United Nations. Back in 1945, delegates in the San Francisco Conference certainly envisioned that the world, eight years later, would be much more stable, prosperous, and harmonious than the one devastated by World War II. To achieve this high-minded goal, they pursued a longstanding ethical imperative to build a world governed by international law. It was a time of hope. From that period date the United Nations Charter and its general prohibition on the use of force, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the Geneva Conventions, the General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs, and so forth. They ushered in an era of cooperation, development, and stability. Not everything was perfect. It took a long time to rid ourselves of scourges such as colonialism, segregation, and apartheid. But there was a sense of progress bolstered by a shared commitment to the fundamental principles of international law. Eight years later, however, we are faced with a grim outlook as the legal foundations of our community of states begin to crumble before our eyes. According to the International Committee of the Red Cross, about 130 armed conflicts were being fought around the world in 2024, more than double than 15 years before. Disrespect for international humanitarian law is pervasive. The prospect of nuclear brinkmanship seems dangerously closer. As stated by President Lula at the opening of this year's general debate, the erosion of multilateralism and the sort of democracy are parallel phenomena driven by extremism. Attacks on sovereignty, reckless interference in internal affairs, arbitrary sanctions and unilateral interventions are becoming widespread, often in direct hostility to democratic institutions and the rule of law. Decades of economic growth, friendly relations, cooperation, trust enabled by trade on a level playing field came under threat by deliberate attempts to dismantle the WTO and by the wide use of unilateral measures. Concerted efforts against infectious disease are weakened by attacks on the World Health Organization and science itself. We stopped hearing about official development assistance and talk more about increasing military spending. Basilisk claims against the climate agenda erode intergenerational solidarity. Disarmament has been reversed with the dismantling of longstanding agreements that created confidence and trust between strategic rivals. And the threat of sheer use of nuclear weapons has become frequent and alarming. Mr. Chair, protracted conflicts have a particular capacity to undermine the rule of law. They weaken institutions, hinder cooperation, spread mistrust, and bring about an unpredictable state of lawlessness under the yoke of brute force. Brazil deeply regrets the persistence of conflict in places such as Ukraine, Palestine, Sudan, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Myanmar, Afghanistan, and many other forgotten stages. Brazil devotes a special word to the tragedy in Gaza, one of the most appalling and conspicuous manifestations of deteriorating rule of international law. Collective punishment, ethnic cleansing, and the deliberate targeting of civilians, particularly women, children, and humanitarian workers, have no place in a world where the rule of law should prevail. That's the reason why Brazil decided to intervene in the proceedings concerning the application of the Genocide Convention in the Gaza Strip. The recourse to the International Court of Justice is an essential means for the peaceful settlement of international disputes. Brazil reiterates its call for an immediate and permanent ceasefire in Gaza, for the cessation of attacks against Palestinians in the West Bank, and for an end to any policies, practices, or actions that affect the prospects for the two-state solution, in line with international law and the recent advisory opinion of the ICJ. Mr. Chair, the rule of law, both domestically and internationally, remains the necessary framework for healthy, prosperous, just, and equitable societies. Brazil has consistently reiterated its commitment to democracy and multilateralism, including by chairing the high-level event in defense of democracy during the high-level week. We encourage all members to join this commitment. At the core of multilateralism, the United Nations has not ceased to be our hope of a better, safer future. It can still renew its ability to foster peace and security, sustainable development and respect for human rights through urgent, comprehensive reform. The General Assembly and its working methods must be invigorated and revitalized. The Security Council needs to become more representative, more legitimate and more effective, including by an expansion of seats in both membership categories. Furthermore, we must not be afraid of thoroughly updating the UN Charter to a world that has drastically changed since its adoption. I thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative of Brazil for his statement. I give the floor now to the distinguished representative of Burkina Faso.

Mr. President, allow me to reiterate the warmest congratulations of the Burkina Faso delegation to you on your election to chair our committee. I would also like to congratulate the members of the Bureau. Rest assured that you have the full support of my delegation to ensure successful work at our committee. My delegation aligns itself with the statements made by Cameroon on behalf of the African Group, by the Islamic Republic of Iran on behalf of the Non-Aligned Movement, and by Austria on behalf of the Group of Friends of the Rule of Law. And in our national capacity, we would like to make the following comments. Chair, Burkina Faso was interested to read report A/80/99 on strengthening and coordination of UN action on the rule of law. and welcomes the ongoing efforts made by the United Nations to promote the rule of law at the national and international levels. We are particularly pleased to see the various types of support that our country has enjoyed, particularly those mentioned in paragraphs 51 and 78 of the report. These show the relevance and the vitality of the partnership between Burkina Faso and the United Nations in this area. My country remains convinced that respect for the rule of law is indeed the very foundation of lasting peace, political stability and socioeconomic development. Chair, as well as we are of this reality, the government of Burkina Faso, led by His Excellency Captain Ibrahim Traore, has made the promotion of the rule of law and strengthening of justice a national priority in a particularly difficult security situation. that we're facing, our country is working to restore the authority, the state authority across its entire territory so that every citizen of Burkina Faso can effectively enjoy their fundamental rights. This work has been accompanied by a resolute fight against terrorism and attempts to destabilise our country, but also it stems from the will to protect our national institutions against all attempts to exploit them and attempts to make our national sovereignty more fragile and question the rule of law. Chair, granted, the security situation in the Sahel region, particularly in Burkina Faso, has been challenging for our efforts to consolidate the rule of law. Repeated terrorist attacks have often hindered people's access to public services, and this includes justice. But thanks to the resilience of our people and to the mobilization of the defense and security forces and the patriotic commitment of the volunteers for the defense of the homeland, vast swathes of our national territory have been made secure and are more stable. This reconquest of our territory means that today we can re-establish administration, judicial services, and we can also strengthen the link between the state and the citizens. These are all crucial conditions for the rule of law to prosper. Chair, Bakayonafasa reaffirms that the principles and rules of international law remain crucial to preserve peace and international security, as well as to strengthen cooperation and friendly relations between states. However, my delegation notes with concern that these principles are applied selectively and unfairly, depending on the state in question. It is difficult to build an international order based on law when the institutions that are supposed to embody international justice are being weaponised for political ends, disregarding people's sovereignty and their dignity. Chair, distinguished delegates, it is in the context that Burkina Faso, choosing to exercise its full sovereignty on the 22nd of September 2025, decided to withdraw from the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. Our country has always cooperated in good faith with the ICC, but cannot remain indifferent to the path it has taken. It is this justice system has become an instrument for domination and selectivity, which runs counter to the spirit of equity and universality that is enshrined in international law. With its partners in the Alliance of Sahel States, Burkina Faso has chosen to develop domestic justice mechanisms, ones that are rooted in our cultural reality and social values. These mechanisms seek to effectively counter impunity, to promote national reconciliation, and to ensure that justice serves peace, human dignity and sustainable development. Chair, Burkina Faso's experience shows that the rule of law can only flourish if the state is strong, legitimate and well respected. This is why, as we are pursuing our institutional, legal and judicial reforms, The government of Burkina Faso is working to strengthen transparency, accountability and confidence between those who govern and their people. Our goal is clear, building a modern and sovereign state where law protects, justice repairs and the authority of the state is exercised for the people. This is why Burkina Faso is committed to pursue with determination a harmonious, sustainable and just form of development. Thank you very much.

I thank the distinguished representative of Burkina Faso for his statement. I give the floor now to the distinguished representative of the United Kingdom.

Thank you, Chair. The UK thanks the Secretary-General for his report on strengthening and coordinating the rule of law activities at the United Nations. We would like to take this opportunity to reaffirm our unwavering support for the international rule of law, a principle which underpins the very foundations of multilateralism and global cooperation. The rule of law is not merely an abstract principle. It is a practical tool to hold individuals and institutions accountable and protect the rights of everyone. This year marks 80 years since the signing of the United Nations Charter. Yet the need to defend the rule of law remains as urgent as ever. The challenges we face today are changing, from AI to the climate crisis, but an international order founded on international law is still our best hope for stability and prosperity. Chair, as the Attorney General of England and Wales recently stated, The rule of law is the silent partner in every contract signed, every investment made, and every job created. Effective courts and an independent judiciary are essential prerequisites for a strong, open economy. They create the legal certainty needed for investment and innovation, and ultimately for economic growth. Without the rule of law, markets wither, democratic values are undermined, and security comes under threat. The United Kingdom is firmly committed to promoting and advancing the rule of law internationally and will do so in three ways, by enhancing legal frameworks, strengthening institutions and supporting accountability. Firstly, resilient and effective legal frameworks are a crucial part of the rule of law. Just as we are committed to the rule of law domestically, so we seek to promote and advance it internationally. The UK shares high quality pro bono legal and judicial expertise with partners around the world to help strengthen justice systems and promote the rule of law. Whether through judicial capacity building, legislative reform or court digitalization, these partnerships harness the world class expertise of the UK's legal professionals in service of international justice, peace and stability. They bolster the very foundations of democracy and economic prosperity. Secondly, the UK is committed to strengthening the institutions that uphold the multilateral system underpinned by international law. We reaffirm the importance of multilateral fora, which foster global cooperation, and of international legal bodies, including the International Law Commission. The UK reiterated this commitment at our Venice Commission event hosted in London this summer, which sought to promote dialogue between experts, member states and civil society to tackle contemporary challenges to the rule of law. At the heart of this international architecture lies the United Nations and its commitment to SDG 16. By supporting effective institutions, judicial independence and access to justice, the UN creates the conditions for sustainable development and international cooperation. Strong institutions build the trust and cohesion needed for a more secure and prosperous world. In this context, the UK is seeking election to the UN Human Rights Council for the 2026-2028 term. We will further continue to use our unique positions in NATO, the United Nations, G7, G20, and the Commonwealth to address the threats we face, to safeguard human rights, and to promote compliance with international law. Finally, we are committed to supporting accountability as a cornerstone of the rule of law, both domestically and internationally. We respect the independence of international courts, such as the International Criminal Court, in its role in investigating and prosecuting the most serious crimes, holding perpetrators to account and achieving justice for victims. The UK fully supports the ICC's efforts to end impunity. The UK is also strongly committed to supporting the International Court of Justice in upholding the international rule of law and contributing to the peaceful settlement of disputes. a commitment reaffirmed through our nomination of Professor Dapo Akande for election to the Court in 2026. Chair, the rule of law is the bedrock of our democracy. In the face of conflict, division and instability, it provides a framework for resilience, accountability and cooperation. The UK will continue to promote and advance compliance with international law, access to effective justice and judicial independence. We will stand up for human rights, challenge impunity, and champion justice. Thank you, Chair.

I thank the distinguished representative of the United Kingdom for her statement. I give the floor now to the distinguished representative of Eritrea.

Thank you, Chair. My delegation aligns itself with the statement delivered by the delegations of Cameroon, the Islamic Republic of Iran and Venezuela on behalf of the African group, NAM and group of friends in defense of the UN charter respectively. I would like to thank the SG for his report which was presented pursuant to GA resolution 79/126. Chair, the rule of law at the international level is fundamental for maintaining peace, justice and cooperation among states. It ensures that all countries, regardless of size, power, or geographical location, are held to the same legal standards. This principle promotes accountability and fosters predictable and peaceful relations by providing mechanisms for dispute resolution and preventing the arbitrary use of power. Therefore, adherence to international law including the UN Charter, is critical to build trust among nations with the aim of maintaining global stability. Maintaining global stability with the current geopolitical tensions has, however, become a hard commodity to achieve due to some states ignoring international norms without any consequence. Political interest conflicts and differing legal systems further complicate consistent application of the rule of law across borders. As we are entering a new global order, this new era will have to be accompanied and cemented by far-reaching structural changes in the global governance architecture, as well as various international and regional organizations, including the UN, by way of the UN80 initiative, that is under consideration by Member States. What is clear is that an effective multilateral system could not be realized without clear commitment to transparent rules that apply to all players without selectivity, polarization or double standards. One area my delegation wishes to point out with economic and social implications to many countries is the imposition of coercive unilateral measures as a tool of foreign policy against states that choose independent policies. Such measures are illegal and inconsistent with international law and must be terminated. Chair, as part of Eritrea's commitment to the rule of law, a side event was organized last October at the UN by the permanent mission of the Philippines and co-sponsored by several other missions, including the Permanent Mission of Eritrea to the UN, to commemorate the 125th anniversary of the Permanent Court of Arbitration. It was an occasion to affirm that respect for the rule of law is a cultural heritage deeply embedded in Eritrean society, tracing back to customary laws that have been passed down orally for centuries, and even qualified as early as 14th century. During the side event, two landmark cases were highlighted, the Eritrea-Yemen maritime dispute and the Eritrea-Ethiopia boundary dispute, both concrete demonstrations of Eritrea's commitment to peaceful dispute resolution. Chair, to boost the rule of law at the national level, Eritrea is strengthening the justice program and ensuring that legal system is more community centered, aligning with the society's values, wisdom, and living conditions. Through its Ministry of Justice, Eritrea's activities for 2025 included drafting and finalizing laws, optimizing the use of human resources, strengthening public participation, enriching programs, raising public awareness and advancing the use of technology. Finally, Chair, we would like to commend the UN for all the activities it undertook to promote the rule of law at the national level, as the request of member states. I thank you, Chair.

I thank the distinguished representative of Eritrea for his statement. And I wish to give the floor now to the distinguished representative of Uruguay.

Thank you very much, Mr. Chairman. We congratulate you on your election. Uruguay thanks the Secretary General for his report A/80/99 on strengthening and coordination of the UN system activities in the field of the rule of law on a national and international level. We fully agree with the outline provided of the essential role that the UN plays in the progressive development of international law and its codification. in the last 80 years. The UN has contributed to the creation of multilateral treaties on human rights, disarmament, criminal law, law of the sea and the protection of the environment. As indicated by the Secretary General in his report, New Vision for the Rule of Law, dated 2023, it is vital that people be placed at the heart of policies to strengthen the rule of law. Member states have an obligation to promote and guarantee universal and absolute respect for and the protection and promotion of human rights and fundamental This in accordance with the UN Charter and international human rights law. With that in mind, it is necessary to champion international cooperation which is effective and which, in accordance with international law, prevents and combats corruption, transnational organised crime and terrorism. the victims must always be at the front and centre of these efforts. Regarding this sub-item, the rule of law on the national and international levels, we stand at the 80th anniversary of the United Nations and as such we reaffirm the fundamental importance of the rule of law as a pillar of peaceful coexistence, cooperation and development. This 80th anniversary invites us to reflect upon achievements and remaining challenges in terms of building a rule-based international order where mutual respect and justice prevails. we support the joint statement made by the group of friends of the rule of law led by us read by Austria the fight against impunity for grave violations of human rights is vital to strengthen the rule of law given that justice and peace are mutually reinforcing and complementary goals with that in mind we underscore the role played by the Rome statute of the ICC that statute was the most one of the most significant achievements on the part of the international community it's made a crucial contribution to the fight against impunity however to invite to fight impunity effectively, there must be legal systems and national prosecution systems which are strengthened given that the court acts in accordance with the principle of complementarity. We value the fact that in July this year we had a special session to consider amendments regarding the crime of aggression within the statute. Despite the fact we didn't manage to create a new amendment, we did establish an area of focus for our work between now and 2027 and we strengthened international commitment to strengthening justice systems in the cases of grave violations of international law. We are staunchly committed to multilateralism. That is born of a history of active participation in international bodies and a commitment to the idea of upholding multilateral principles and commitments. These values form the very basis of the state's foreign policy, a foreign policy which seeks to promote peace, dialogue and cooperation. In our view, multilateralism is the best way to tackle current global challenges such as the protection of the environment, food security, access to quality healthcare and climate change. Our country is proud of its role as a contributor to international public goods. We participate in efforts to maintain peace and security, strengthen the rule of law and we support disarmament and sustainable development initiatives. Finally, we reaffirm the fact that principles and values such as democracy, human rights, equity, Solidarity and respect for sovereignty will continue to form the linchpin of our foreign policy. These are the bases on which we build solutions to global problems and promote a fairer and more equitable international order. Thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative of Uruguay. I give the floor now to the distinguished representative of Senegal.

Mr Chairman, allow me at the outset to warmly thank the UN Secretary General for his report A/80/99 entitled Strengthening and Coordination of United Nations Action in the Rule of Law. That report provides information regarding the UN's efforts across the reporting period to promote and strengthen the rule of law at national and international levels. The report also discusses the UN's coordination and the assistance it's provided in the area of the rule of law. We are delighted by the new vision for the rule of law announced by the Secretary General. This vision reinforces the Secretary General's commitment to implementing initiatives focused on achieving Agenda 2030 and the implementation of the Pact for the Future. The goal here being ultimately to promote international peace and security and ensure respect for human rights. My delegation aligns itself with the statements made by Cameroon, as well as that made by the Islamic Republic of Iran and that made by Austria on behalf of the African Group, the Non-Aligned Movement and the Group of Friends of the Rule of Law respectively. Mr. Chairman, My delegation is delighted to participate in this debate devoted to the rule of law at the international and national levels. We welcome the relevant nature of the decision taken by the UN General Assembly to have as the title for the sub-item on the agenda here, the rule of law at national and international levels upon the 80th anniversary of the UN. The rule of law is enshrined in the UN Charter and plays a central role in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights dated 1948. The principle of the rule of law involves ensuring that law prevails above all and that is a prerequisite for just, equitable and peaceful development of human societies. This ensuring the rule of law can only be an effort that is successful if we have effective, inclusive and responsible legal frameworks which guarantee that we can fight impunity by ensuring equal access to justice for all. Particular attention must be paid to women, young people and vulnerable people when it comes to accessing justice. Legal security is a linchpin of rule of law and ensuring there is that legal security means there must be legally secure systems rooted in the independence, integrity and competency of justice and they must all ultimately be guided by ensuring the rule of law prevails. The rule of law is being eroded at an international level and that's one of many challenges faced. Other challenges include the erosion of human rights, the problem of terrorism, racism, xenophobia, forced displacement, hate speech and the impact of new technologies. Of course, there is the double tragedy of the Palestinian people. They were already subject to occupation and now they've had two years of grave atrocities being committed against them in Gaza. They continue to be denied the right to take up their rightful place in the community of nations. There does need to be an international architecture which is robust, but beyond having that in place, the rule of law must be underpinned by a culture and a mentality which we need to nurture constantly. And selectivity and principles of double standards can never be applied. We have understood since we became a sovereign nation, that economic and social development can only be successful if underpinned by the rule of law. As such, the thrust of our national strategy is to respect these principles when we seek economic and social development. In order to promote the rule of law at an international level, the Secretary-General has taken care to recall the fact that it is necessary for the UN to continue to facilitate the codification of international instruments, rules, norms and principles. The UN must also help to promote an international legal framework which is robust to promote international and mixed jurisdictions and ensure there are other international mechanisms for establishing accountability where the rule of law is concerned, as well as for legal assistance. We remain that the rule of law, together with peace, development and human rights, remains our very best asset in order to guarantee effective multilateralism and ensure the well-being of people in an ever-changing world. We believe that strengthening the rule of law at an international level will require that the international community scrupulously adhere to international law in order to foster sustainable development as well as political and economic stability throughout the world. It cannot be denied that an international rules-based order remains a sine qua non for international cooperation and for the achievement of SDG 16. Chair. Strengthening the rule of law at the international level also involves strengthening the three pillars of the United Nations, namely international peace and security, development and human rights. Here we should recall the role of the ICJ. The noble mission of that court is none other than to ensure the peaceful settlement of international disputes which are liable otherwise to destroy global peace. Here we should welcome the adoption of the Pact for the Future. There, member states committed to discharge their obligation to obey the decisions of the ICJ and to respect its mandate in all disputes to which they may be party. In this connection, Senegal urges all Member States and the UN Security Council in particular to take all necessary measures to remedy non-compliance with the decisions of the Court, despite the fact that these decisions are and compliance with them is obligatory. We complement the role played by the ICC in the fight against impunity and in terms of guaranteeing rule of law at an international level. This court deserves cooperation and support and not threats and sanctions. We reiterate our appeal to member states to accede en masse to the Rome Statute to achieve its ultimate universality. That will allow international criminal justice to emerge and the sole goal of international criminal justice is to put an end to mass atrocities in the world. Allow me to recall the President of the Republic of Senegal during his statement at the general debate of the high level week said, "The survival of multilateralism demands that we respect international law and have universal justice." End quote. Thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative of Senegal for his statement. I give the floor to the distinguished representative of South Africa.

Thank you, Mr. Chair, for giving South Africa the floor. South Africa aligns itself with the statements delivered by Cameroon on behalf of the African group. Iran on behalf of the Non-Aligned Movement and Austria on behalf of the Group of Friends on the Rule of Law. And we will deliver these additional remarks in our national capacity. At the outset, my delegation wishes to express its gratitude to the Secretary-General for his report contained in document A/80/99, which provides a useful account of the United Nations rule of law activities. Such activities are critical to strengthening the rule of law globally. Mr. Chair, the vital contribution of the rule of law as an enabler of peace and sustainable development has been acknowledged in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the 2030 Agenda, and more recently, the Pact for the Future. The importance for the rule of law at the international level cannot be overstated as it serves to guarantee the sovereignty, sovereign equality of member states and is the bedrock for multilateralism, multilateral system. At the national level, the rule of law serves as the guarantor of rights, promoting peace and prosperity and strengthening government accountability. Mr. Chair, in resolution 79126, member states have been requested to focus their interventions in this session on the rule of law at the national and international levels at the 80th anniversary of the United Nations. It is disconcerting that as we celebrate the 80th anniversary of the United Nations, we are still faced with the persistent trends of human rights and international humanitarian law violations in some regions, which are exacerbated by a flagrant disregard for international law. How do we celebrate the 80 years of the existence of the United Nations when major violations of international humanitarian and human rights law, and especially failure to protect civilians, are becoming a shockingly regular feature of modern conflict? Mr. Chair, the World Justice Project's Rule of Law Index has charted an extended global rule of law recession characterized by rising authoritarianism. attacks on the independence of the judiciary, and closing of civic spaces. This issue of the deliberate disregard for the rule of law requires an active commitment by States as they have an obligation to ensure that the rule of law enables full, equal and meaningful participation of all people, in particular vulnerable groups in our society. Global efforts to strengthen legal and democratic systems have been reported in some countries to have been weakened due to a general decline in adherence to the rule of law. Urgent mechanisms and stratagems to thwart these brazen attacks on the rule of law need to be developed. Mr. Chair, at this eighth decade of the existence of the United Nations and beyond, Salvaging the decline in the rule of law by rebuilding trust at both national and international levels will be critical. In the spirit of rebuilding and strengthening the rule of law, my delegation would like to share three ways of doing so. Firstly, by ensuring equal application of the law. This fundamental principle is often overlooked at a time of rising geopolitical tensions. which have contributed to inaction and the prioritization of narrow political interests at the peril of denigrating human rights. Secondly, we must promote equal participation in international legal systems. It is important that all nations, especially developing countries, have a meaningful voice in international legal forums. This approach must be designed to ensure equal participation in order to promote dialogue, engage diverse perspectives, and strengthen confidence in the international legal system, thus making it more responsive to the unique challenges that different countries and communities face. Finally, we must promote equitable legal solutions to shared global challenges. The international legal landscape has been invaded by the conduct of war, international and transnational crimes, displacement, migration, and the under regulation of the international commons. These are issues that are at the heart of global challenges and which no country can solve alone. Mr. Chair, as I conclude, the rule of law offers a framework for collective action based on shared principles of justice, sovereign equality, respect for human rights, and the peaceful settlement of disputes. By promoting equal application of the law, equal participation and equitable solutions to common global challenges, we can rebuild trust in the international legal system and ensure that it upholds the values of the Charter. Achieving this goal of triumph against the decline of the rule of law will require time, effort and resources. But it is one of the crucial investments which states can make as a collective. I thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative of South Africa for her statement. I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Indonesia.

Thank you, Mr. Chair. Indonesia aligns itself with the statement delivered by the distinguished delegates of the Philippines.

the Islamic Republic of Iran and Colombia on behalf of ASEAN, the Non-Aligned Movement and Justice Action Coalition respectively. We also thank the Secretary-General for his report contained in document A/AD/99.

Mr. Chair, 80 years ago

from the ashes of war, our predecessors forged a covenant of hope, the Charter of the United Nations.

It was not merely a document, but a solemn pledge

that law must triumph over force and justice must prevail over might. As we commemorate the 80th anniversary of the United Nations, Indonesia stands proud among the nations that continue to believe in the timeless ideal. The rule of law remains our moral compass and the bedrock of peace and security, development and human rights. Yet today, it is being tested

by unilateralism, impunity, and selective applications of norms.

If the United Nations is to remain relevant in the next 80 years, we must restore faith in one fundamental truth. The law must bind all and shield all equally. Mr. Chair, allow me to share three pertinent points. First, we must reaffirm the centrality of the charter. It is the anchor of our global order. Its principles, sovereign equality, peaceful settlement of disputes, and the prohibition of the use of force are not relics of the past, but safeguards of our common future.

To neglect them is to weaken the very foundation of multilateralism.

Second, we must ensure accountability through international cooperation. We must enhance mechanism that uphold international justice, including the ICJ and other judicial bodies mandated to ensure respect for international law. Accountability should not be seen as punishment, but as means to restore faith in law and deter impunity.

For true accountability breeds peace, while selective justice breeds division. Third, we must build a rules-based multilateralism that delivers for all. The Back for the Future offers critical opportunity to revitalise the rule of law as the backbone of global

governance, to address emerging challenges from the climate crisis to ocean governance, from digital transformation to future generations. Laws must evolve with change, yet remain anchored in equity, inclusivity and solidarity among nations.

Mr. Chair, as we chart the course

for the next 80 years, we must not drift from the promise of 1945. The United Nations was created so that the power of law will prevail over the law of power. Indonesia stands ready to work with all nations to keep the flame of the charter alive and to ensure that the rule of law remains the backbone of peace, progress, and shared humanity. I thank you, Mr. Chair.

I thank the distinguished representative of Indonesia for his statement. I give the floor now to the distinguished representative of Oman.

Thank you, Chair. At the outset, please allow me to congratulate you on your election as chair of the sixth committee. We also congratulate other bureau members. We are confident that under your able stewardship, the session of the committee will be successful. I align myself with the statements delivered by Oman on behalf of the Arab Group, Kuwait on behalf of the GCC, and the Islamic Republic of Iran on behalf of NAM. I would like to make this statement in my national capacity. Chair, Oman attaches great importance to the principle of the rule of law, which is the bedrock of building a state of institutions and a just society. Under the Basic Law of the state, the rule of law is the basis of governance in the state. There shall be no power over judges in their ruling except for the law. This reflects our commitment to the separation of power, respect of judicial independence, and fair trial guarantee. In this context, we pursue our efforts to develop our legislative and judicial system as part of Vision 2040, thus ensuring effective justice institutions, enforcing rights and promoting transparency and accountability. As part of these efforts, we modernized our laws and adopted several new legislations to promote social justice, protect the most vulnerable, fight corruption, and protect public funds in line with international standards, thus promoting the rule of law at the national level. We remain committed to the Charter of the United Nations and international law. We underscore the importance of respecting state sovereignty and resolving disputes by peaceful means. We support the vital role of the ICJ. The ICJ must be enabled to fulfill its mandate in an independent and effective manner, thus promoting the international community's trust in international law mechanisms and instruments. chair, in light of the emerging global challenges facing the rule of law, including climate change, digital transformation, cyberspace, and AI, we have taken a series of advanced legislative and regulatory measures. On climate and environment, we ratified the Kigali Amendment to Montreal Protocol on 23 September 2024, thus reflecting our commitment to international efforts to reduce HFC emissions. In the digital space, we launched the national program on AI and advanced digital technologies in September 2024 as part of Oman Vision 2040. In May this year, we established a national AI committee to elaborate national policies on AI in line with ethical and international norms. We are drafting a law to combat cybercrime, to strengthen our legal system on cyberspace, to protect data and to combat digital threats in line with international legal frameworks. This reflects our tireless efforts to adapt our legal system to modern challenges. This reflects our attempts to strengthen the rule of law as a pillar of sustainable development and stability. Chair, We believe that rule of law at the national and international level is key to achieving sustainable development, safeguarding human rights, and promoting security and stability. We will continue to support international efforts to build a just, balanced international legal order grounded in mutual respect and cooperation among peoples and nations. We are deeply concerned over the continued flagrant violations of international humanitarian law and international human rights law in the occupied Palestinian territory. The oppression, forced displacement, and settlement facing the Palestinians and the targeting of civilians are a flagrant violation of the obligations of the Israeli occupation under the Geneva Conventions and international law. In conclusion, we stand ready to cooperate with all Member States, including with the Bureau of the Sixth Committee and regional groups, in order to promote dialogue on agenda items. Thank you for your kind attention.

I thank the distinguished representative of Oman for her statement. I give the floor to the distinguished representative of El Salvador.

Mr.

Chair, regarding the agenda item under discussion, the Republic of El Salvador wishes at the outset to convey its gratitude for the Secretary General report A/AT/99. That report offers invaluable information regarding activities undertaken to promote and strengthen the rule of law at the national and international level. It also discusses coordination of the assistance provided by the United Nations to the assistance provided by the United Nations in this sphere. In this connection, my delegation recognizes that the rule of law is the basis of multilateralism and the very foundation of just and peaceful societies. In guaranteeing the consistent equitable implementation of international treaties, norms, standards and agreements, rule of law at an international level contributes to building trust between states. At the national level, applying the rule of law builds the trust among citizens in governance structures and serves to consolidate effective, inclusive and responsible, accountable institutions. With that premise in mind, my delegation wishes to issue its statement on this agenda item. First of all, we wish to touch on El Salvador's experience in terms of acceding to and implementing international instruments, norms, standards and rules. Many of our accession and implementation of these has often been facilitated thanks to the technical assistance of the United Nations. Subsequently, I'll move to what we've done in terms of good practice at a national level in order to promote activities which promote just societies. First of all, allow me to discuss our commitment with international instruments. The Republic of El Salvador ratified, and I'm delighted to announce this fact, on the 17th of July, its instrument of accession to the United Nations Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts. That was a significant step and it is an act of significant progress for our country in terms of guaranteeing the adoption of uniform consistent standards which eliminate obstacles in terms of the use of electronic communications in international contracts, including those arising from the implementation of international instruments currently in force in trade law. With that act, we seek to increase legal certainty and predictability in trade relations. This achievement was made possible thanks to the invaluable technical assistance provided by the Secretariat of the United Nations Commission for International Trade Law. For a long time, UNCRPD responded to our questions regarding the aforementioned draft convention and gave us support through the UNCRPD LAC days. They provided timely contributions to our efforts to strengthen our legal capacity. In that same vein, In terms of acceding to international norms, instruments and standards, I'm also delighted to announce that El Salvador in May 2024 ratified the Convention on Road Traffic, also known as the Vienna Convention. Our goal here was to modernize our transit legislation to facilitate international traffic by road, standardize road signs, and improve security. This act of ratification also sought to attract financing and international cooperation for domestic transport projects. Now moving to the second part of our statement, allow me to address the good practices championed at a national level in line with efforts undertaken to build capacity at an institutional level and usher in peaceful societies. One example of the above was the work of our National Judicial Council. They, in the eastern region of my country, promoted a training course entitled Cybercrime and Digital Evidence. That capacity building exercise was designed to facilitate the study of IT crimes regulated under the special crime on digital and related crimes. And it was, it sought to look at how evidence was to be gathered and assessed in criminal cases. That day, that training course brought together 35 secretaries and people working in various chambers and courts within the region, and they also discussed crucial issues such as the substantive aspects of IT crimes, protected legal goods. legal scenarios codified and difficulties in the criminal prosecution of these crimes. The training course also looked at the authentication of digital evidence and evidentiary assessment criteria. Chair, these are some examples, only some examples, of what my country has been doing to ensure compliance with international norms and standards in various spheres of law. We renew our commitment to the United Nations and we underscore the importance of ensuring that in the context of the UNADJ reform process, the spotlight is kept on technical assistance activities that strengthen the rule of law both at a national and international level. Each programme that is reduced or eroded limits developing countries' capacities and weakens the very foundations of multilateralism. There can be no rule of law on a global level if cooperation becomes a privilege and not a shared commitment that is truly genuine. My country wishes to therefore state that we hope that this work continues and we are ready and willing to follow up on this important agenda item. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.

I thank the distinguished representative of El Salvador for her statement. And I now give the floor to the next speaker, the distinguished representative of France.

France aligns itself with the statement made on behalf of the European Union and its Member States and would like to add the following in our national capacity. France would like to thank the Secretary General for his report on strengthening and coordination of UN action on the rule of law. France reaffirms its support to the Secretary General and more broadly to the United Nations. to reaffirm their role and the work that they do to strengthen the rule of law around the world, that the report sets out in detail. This work and commitment are essential at a time when the rule of law is under threat on an international level by repeated violations of international law and the principles of the UN Charter, as well as international humanitarian law and international human rights law. It is being undermined in several countries where authoritarian regimes have given themselves free reign, thumbing their nose at the separation of powers. In this context, at a time when we're celebrating the 80th anniversary of the United Nations, France would like to insist on its commitment to the rule of law, which is crucial for democracies to flourish. We'd like to call on the international community as a whole to defend it. The Secretary-General's report details numerous initiatives for security and justice for women, girls and children. It is also a priority for France, which uses a rights-based approach and is actively fighting to defend and promote women's and girls' rights. These rights are universal, indivisible, interdependent, inalienable and enforceable, Visavie states. France is acting to ensure the full, equal and significant participation of women in all aspects of political, social and economic life. France is promoting representation of women and girls in all sectors of society, including in the justice sector, an area free from gender stereotypes. A fight against impunity is another priority for France, which, much like the United Nations, is supporting efforts seeking to hold accountable those perpetrators of grave violations of international law. In this connection, France recalls its commitment to the essential work of international criminal courts, including the ICC in particular, which should be able to exercise its mandate independently. France also supports the work of the International Court of Justice. The fight against impunity also involves the creation of new instruments and France notes with appreciation the mention made in the report of the Secretary-General of the register of damage caused by the Russian Federation's aggression against Ukraine. France also welcomes the conclusion at the start of September of the work on the draft convention establishing an international claims commission for Ukraine. France also welcomes the adoption in 2024 of the Ljubljana-Hague Convention on international cooperation and the investigation and prosecution of the crime of genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes and other international crimes. In another area, France welcomes the deposition of the 60th instrument of ratification of the UN Accord on the High Seas, the BBNJ, which will enter into force on the 17th of January. France welcomes this major step forward and we mobilised fully to achieve this, particularly co-organising with Costa Rica the third UN Conference on the Oceans in Nice in June, and this allowed us to strengthen the international legal framework and open the way for sustainable management of areas beyond national jurisdiction. In conclusion, France would underscore that the Secretary-General's report confirms not only the omnipresent and crucial role of the UN system and its tireless commitment to promote the rule of law on a global level, but it also reminds us that we all have an important role to play to ensure that the rule of law is respected on a national and international level. France stands side by side with the UN to promote this objective and is ready to work with all states and stakeholders in order to achieve this. Thank you very much.

I thank the distinguished representative of France for his statement. Distinguished delegates, the distinguished representative of France was our last speaker. for this agenda item this afternoon. And once again, I want to thank all delegations who spoke today for their statements. The Sixth Committee will continue its consideration and debate of agenda item 84, the rule of law at the national and international levels, starting 10 a.m. tomorrow morning. Once the debate on this agenda item has concluded, our committee will, in accordance with our program of work, move on to consider agenda item 77, that is criminal accountability of United Nations officials and experts on missions. Thank you, the meeting is adjourned.