Sixth Committee, 13th plenary meeting - General Assembly, 81st session

Good morning. I call to order the 13th meeting of the Sixth Committee for the 81st session of the General Assembly. This morning, the Sixth Committee will continue and conclude its debate on agenda item 79, United Nations Conference of Plenipotentiaries on Prevention and Punishment of Crimes Against Humanity. After which, we will consider agenda item 88, United Nations Conference of Plenipotentiaries on Protection of Persons in the Event of Disasters. Let us now continue with the list of speakers for the debate on agenda item 79, UN Conference of Plenipotentiaries on Prevention and Punishment of Crimes Against Humanity. There are no documents issued under the agenda item at the present session. I remind the delegations of the agreed time limits and encourage you to stay within those limits. The first speaker on my list is the distinguished representative of Burundi. You have the floor.

Madame Chair, Burundi aligns itself with the statement delivered on behalf of the African Group, and we would like to make the following comments in our national capacity. My delegation reaffirms its support for the preparation of a universal, legally binding convention on the prevention and punishment of crimes against humanity, based on the draft articles adopted by the International Law Commission in 2019. We congratulate the Commission for its considerable work, and we hail the progress made in the first session of the Preparatory Committee in January 2021. Burundi believes that this process is an important opportunity to strengthen international cooperation, to consolidate national capacities in prevention and prosecution, and to ensure that the victims of the most serious crimes enjoy the recognition by justice and effective reparations. The future convention should be based on legal certainty, sovereign equality and mutual respect with regard to the dignity of all human beings. Madam Chair, for Burundi, preventing crimes against humanity isn't only a legal undertaking, it is also a historic and moral responsibility. Our continent has suffered serious atrocities, the consequences of which continue to affect families, communities and entire generations. Experience has shown us that peace can only last when the suffering of victims is addressed, when historic memory is considered, and when justice is not applied selectively. In this regard, Burundi would like to draw particular attention to the genocide attack in 1992 against the Burundian Hutus, during which they suffered serious massacres and other grave crimes. The Truth Commission established around 300,000 victims and qualified the facts as genocide. This is a deep, painful chapter of our history. The suffering of the victims and their families and descendants must be commemorated with dignity and assessed seriously. as demanded by such a tragedy. We believe that the memory of this genocide should not be concealed or forgotten. Recognizing the suffering of the victims doesn't seek to minimize the suffering of any other community or establish a hierarchy among victims. It rather reflects a fundamental principle. All of the victims of mass atrocities should be recognized and no human suffering should be excluded from historical memory as a result of the identity of those who suffered it. We therefore encourage a prevention and punishment-based approach that focuses on historical memory, the memory of the victims, and supports national reconciliation. Remembering the past atrocities objectively and responsibly is essential to prevent the recurrence of such events and violence and to strengthen social cohesion. Madam Chair, Burundi underscores that prevention must remain at the heart of the future convention, and it should go beyond the adoption of legislative measures to encompass strengthening national institutions, promoting the rule of law and protecting fundamental rights, as well as establishing effective mechanisms for early warning and intervention. Prevention also requires us to address the root causes of mass atrocities, including discrimination, exclusion, political and social marginalization, incitement to hatred, and dehumanization of communities. education, intercommunity dialogue, responsible public discourse can all contribute considerably to preventing violence and to promoting a culture of peace. At the same time, the Convention should reaffirm the obligation of States to investigate crimes against humanity and, where applicable, to prosecute the perpetrators in accordance with applicable international law and national legal frameworks. These efforts should respect the principle of equality, the presumption of innocence, the right to a fair trial. and the right to defense. Burundi further underscores the importance of protecting victims, witnesses, and their families against intimidation and reprisals, ensuring effective redress, which should cover forms of reparations and guarantees of non-repetition. Particular attention should be granted to the needs of survivors and the long-term consequences of atrocities on families and communities that have been affected Madam Chair, my delegation underscores the credibility and universal acceptance of the future convention will depend on their impartial, consistent, non-selective implementation. International law should protect all people equally without distinction based on nationality, political affiliation, or any other status. Selectivity in recognizing victims risks undermining trust in international legal instruments. We therefore support an inclusive negotiation process that is also transparent and truly international, bearing in mind the concerns of all regions and all legal traditions. The convention should preserve the primary responsibility of states with regard to preventing and punishing crimes against humanity, while also strengthening international cooperation and mutual legal assistance, tradition, the exchange of information and the collection of evidence in accordance with the principles of sovereign equality and mutual respect. We therefore encourage delegations to continue their constructive engagement during the next session of the Preparatory Committee in order to prepare a balanced, precise, effective instrument that is able to garner broad international support. Madam Chair, Burundi remains determined to contribute constructively to preparing a universal convention that places prevention and responsibility and the protection of victims at the heart of its contents. We must ensure that the tragedies of the past shouldn't be over overlooked or instrumentalized and should recall us of our collective responsibility to protect human beings. An international framework that is credible should ensure that we leave no one outside the protection of the law while also addressing the past by applying international law without double standards, strengthening cooperation between states so as to build a future based on justice, reconciliation and lasting peace. Thank you very much, Madam Chair.

I thank the distinguished representative of Burundi for his statement and give the floor to the distinguished representative of Ukraine.

Thank you, Madam Chair, for giving me the floor. Madam Chair, Ukraine aligns itself with the statement delivered by the European Union, as well as with the joint statement delivered by MEHICO on behalf of a cross-regional group of states. Allow me to take several additional remarks in my national capacity. Madam Chair, crimes against humanity are among the most serious crimes under international law. Yet, unlike genocide and war crimes, they still lack a dedicated convention. This gap in the international legal framework can no longer remain unaddressed. A legally binding instrument on the prevention and punishment of crimes against humanity is long overdue. In this regard, Ukraine expresses its deep appreciation to the International Law Commission for the draft articles on prevention and punishment of crimes against humanity adopted in 2019. The draft articles represent a carefully balanced and comprehensive text, firmly grounded in existing international law, including the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court and in well-established treaty practice. They provide a solid foundation for the negotiation of a future convention. Madam Chair, crimes against humanity are not a matter of history. They continue to be committed in many parts of the world today, from Myanmar, where Rohingya population has endured persecution and forcible displacement, to Afghanistan, where women and girls are subjected to systematic gender-based persecution, and to the Democratic People's Republic of Korea. At the same time, Ukraine knows, as few others do, what crimes against humanity truly mean, not in theory, but through the daily suffering of its people. Every single day, the Russian Federation commits such crimes against the Ukrainian people. According to the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, since 24 February 2022, at least 16,874 civilians have been killed in Ukraine, including 820 children, and more than 51,000 injured, including over 3,100 children. These are only verified figures; the actual numbers are considerably higher. Behind these figures lie a deliberate pattern of conduct. In the Kherson region, Russian drone operators have increasingly targeted civilians in attacks described as a so-called "human safari", hunting down people in the streets, at bus stops, and in their own homes. The independent International Commission of Inquiry on Ukraine has concluded that these attacks amount to crimes against humanity. as to the enforced disappearance and torture committed by Russian authorities. Thousands of Ukrainian civilians remain arbitrarily detained by the Russian Federation. Nearly 20,000 Ukrainian children have been unlawfully deported or forcibly transferred, crimes for which the International Criminal Court has issued arrest warrants against Putin and Lvova-Belova. Those who remain under occupation are subjected to systematic indoctrination and militarisation. They are forced to study under Russian curricula that deny their Ukrainian identity and history, and are enrolled in so-called military-patriotic camps and organizations, such as UNARMIA, where they are taught to handle weapons. In effect, the Russian Federation is erasing the identity of Ukrainian children and preparing them to take up arms against their own country. this year, 41 OSCE participating states, in close cooperation with Ukraine, invoked the Moscow Mechanism on this issue. The mission of independent experts was unequivocal. Russia's crimes against Ukrainian children are neither ad hoc nor fragmented, but systematic, and may entail responsibility for crimes against humanity. Systematic attacks against civilian infrastructure, sexual violence, and so-called filtration in the temporarily occupied territories complete this picture. Madam Chair, for this reason, Ukraine has a profound interest in the swift conclusion and adoption of the Convention. Every delay means more victims and continued impunity for perpetrators. We must not allow this process to be delayed or weakened. Ukraine calls on all delegations to adhere strictly to the timeline established by General Assembly resolutions 79/122 and to engage constructively and in good faith. Ukraine welcomes the successful convening of the first session of the PrepCom for the United Nations Conference of Plenipotentiaries on Prevention and Punishment of Crimes against Humanity, held in January this year. We consider the session have been substantive and productive. It is essential to build on this momentum and to carry it forward into the second session of the PrepCom. Ukraine also welcomes the decision to enable civil society organizations without consultative status with the Economic and Social Council to participate in the conference. We have always supported the active involvement of civil society in initiatives of such importance. Madam Chair, believing that certain provisions of the draft articles can be further improved, Ukraine has submitted its proposals for amendments for inclusion in the complied text to be considered by the Conference. We look forward to discussing them with all delegations. A convention on crimes against humanity will not, by itself, end these crimes, but it will close a critical gap in international law, strengthen international capacities to investigate and prosecute, and send an unequivocal message that there can be no safe haven for perpetrators. Ukraine stands ready to continue contributing actively and constructively to this process, so that justice for victims becomes not a distant aspiration, but a legal obligation. I thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative of Ukraine for her statement. And I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Lebanon.

Thank you very much, Madam Chair, and good morning, colleagues. Madam Chair, our deliberations in this room are not merely a rhetorical exercise. They must carry beyond this room, shaping our response both to the wrongs of the past and to the atrocities unfolding before us today. We are moving towards the Diplomatic Conference for a Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of Crimes Against Humanity. at a time of mounting breaches of international law and immense civilian suffering. Some of us know exactly what is at stake. In Lebanon, Israeli aggression against our people and our land continues, bringing further killing, suffering, and destruction, and further shattering core rules and principles of international law. Such realities, Madam Chair, must anchor our deliberations and remind us of their purpose, to strengthen protection through the law. At the same time, such a convention must also be forward-looking and stand the test of time. Guided by these considerations, we believe in a convention that strengthens cooperation, promotes accountability, reinforces national systems, and consolidates prevention. These legal notions, when applied, translate into lives saved, victims heard, and a more peaceful and just order. Madam Chair, our aim is to conclude a robust, effective, and widely accepted convention. And as my delegation has often said, the path may carry as much weight as the destination.

The process contributes to shaping the outcome.

And our progress thus far reflects how far we have come since the ILC concluded its work in 2019. My delegation has supported the elaboration of a convention and taken an active part in the discussion since 2020, from the debates to the two resumed sessions to the adoption of resolution 79/122. Building on these efforts, the first session of the Preparatory Committee held in January was substantive and constructive, with significant engagement across all clusters. The presence of the Special Rapporteur, Mr. Sean Murphy, further enriched our discussion. And just a few days ago, we discussed in the context of the rule of law debate the cooperation between the Sixth Committee and the International Law Commission, and as part of this process, The first session was a positive example, we believe, of what that interaction looks like in practice. We look forward to the second session in April next year. Alongside this institutional engagement, allow us to also acknowledge the contribution of civil society and academia to this process.

Madam Chair, by the time a convention is concluded.

Nearly a decade will have passed since the ILC completed its work. Over that period, international criminal law has not stood still. Jurisprudence has evolved, practice has developed, and regrettably, new realities have emerged. The definition must be legally, must therefore be legally sound and reflect these developments. And here we reiterate our view that the ILC, draft articles constitute a starting point upon which to build and improve the text. Moving forward, the road to the conference must keep inclusive participation at its core so that every delegation has the opportunity to take part meaningfully. This means keeping up engagement and outreach in the intercessional phase, in line with paragraph 12 and 13 of resolution 1779/122, including where views differ. This can be through briefings for new delegates, retreats, workshops, and informal exchanges on the text. We believe this can help foster mutual understanding. Multilingual dissemination of materials, to the extent possible, are equally important, especially in treaty-making. In conclusion, Madam Chair, History bears witness to the limits of law alone in securing justice. A convention must therefore be judged by more than its text. Its true test lies in adherence to its provisions and their application. Trust in international law is built when obligations are honored consistently, not set aside conveniently.

I thank you for your attention.

I thank the distinguished representative of Lebanon for his statement. I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Bangladesh.

Ms. Milahira Mani Rahim. Madam Chair, Bangladesh aligns itself with the statement delivered by the representative of Mexico on behalf of the cross-regional groups of states. Eighty years ago, the International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg declared that crimes against international law are committed by men, not by abstract entities. And only by punishing individuals who commit such crimes can the provisions of international law be enforced. However, crimes against humanity still does not have global convention of their own. But the absence of a treaty has never meant the absence of law. The prohibition of crimes against humanity is firmly established in the customary international law, and the International Law Commission has recognized it as a peremptory norm from which no state may derogate. What is missing is not the law, but the means to prevent these crimes and to punish them wherever they occur. For Bangladesh, this is not an abstract item. In July and August 2024, as many as 1,400 people have been killed during protests in our country in the democratic uprising and revolution. According to the fact-finding report, of the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. The report found that the violations warranted criminal investigation to determine whether they may amount to crimes against humanity. The report indicates that as many as 12 to 13% of those killed were children. Thus, our people learned at great cost that such crimes are not confined to history books or distant places. They can happen when law has been hollowed out from within. And since 2017, Bangladesh has sheltered more than a million Rohingya forcibly deported from Myanmar. In 2018, the pre-trial chamber of the International Criminal Court held that the court may exercise jurisdiction over their deportation because an element of the crime, the crossing of border, took place on the territory of a state party, which is Bangladesh. Madam Chair. These experiences bring Bangladesh to the proposal we wish to place at the center of our contribution. The convention should recognize the position of states that receive the victims. Deportation is listed in the draft article two as one of the acts that constitute crimes against humanity. As the ICC's ruling shows, part of the crime of deportation is completed on the territory of the receiving state. Yet, the draft articles do not address that particular position of the state to which the victims are driven. Bangladesh therefore proposes that the Convention provide for the following aspects in the treaty. One, cooperation in preserving evidence and protecting witnesses in receiving states. Second, support for survivors in those states, including ensuring access to justice at the national and international level, and thirdly, international solidarity in sharing the burden that such states carry. A convention that overlooks the state where the victims are situated will struggle to reach the truth. Madam Chair, beyond this proposal, Bangladesh draws the attention of this committee on a few other priorities. Prevention must come first. A convention that punishes but does not prevent will arrive too late for the victims. As the ICJ held in Bosnia versus Serbia, A state's obligation to prevent and the corresponding duty to act arise at the instant the state learns of, or should normally have learned of, the existence of a serious risk. The obligation of prevention in draft Article 4 should be equally clear, and it should be backed by practical cooperation like the sharing of information and assistance to states that ask for it. Justice must be able to cross borders. Bangladesh stands for universal jurisdiction of all forms of crimes against humanity. The provisions on extradition and mutual legal assistance in draft articles 13 and 14 must make cooperation work in practice. There must be no safe haven for perpetrators of crimes against humanity. Territorial jurisdiction should also plainly reach a crime completed in part on a state's territory. a deportation is completed in the receiving state. The proposed convention should complement the Rome Statute and not replace its provisions. As a state party to the Rome Statute, Bangladesh calls on all states that have not yet done so to join it. We can only remind ourselves how the League of Nations failed with the absence of the most powerful emerging power of the time, who played an instrumental role in bringing the Treaty of Versailles into existence, and later by quitting of certain other powerful states of the time. The law must apply to all without exception, and the court's independence must be respected. There must not be any impunity. This includes the situation of Palestine, where the ICC has issued arrest warrants on charges that include crimes against humanity, where children have paid the heaviest price. We then draw our attention to the victims, who must be at the center of the global legislation. Survivors are entitled to justice and to reparation, and the convention should state so plainly. It should ensure that mentioning of women and children who suffers this crime, who suffers these crimes in distinct ways. Yet, the draft articles mention children hardly twice. The convention should define a child as a person below the age of 18 and makes investigations, trials and reparations safe and accessible for children. The convention must cover the legal aspects of recruitment, enlistment or using persons under the age of 18 years. The convention should also take into consideration any person who was under the age of 18 years at the time of the alleged offence and who must be dealt with under a child justice system in accordance with acceptable international standards, in which the best interests of the child are a primary consideration and is not prosecuted within the adult criminal justice system. Madam Chair, on the process of this convention, Bangladesh supports negotiations that are inclusive and transparent and that seek the widest possible agreement. But the search for agreement must not come at the cost of the Convention's purpose. A Convention diluted until it offends no one will protect no one. Crimes against humanity are, by definition, crimes against all of us. Bangladesh has long believed that such crimes must answer to law. I thank you, Madam Chair.

I thank the distinguished representative of Bangladesh for his statement. I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Mozambique.

Thank you, Madam Chair. The delegation of the Republic of Mozambique has the honour to address the sixth Committee and agenda item 79 concerning the United Nations Diplomatic Conference of Plenipotentiaries on Prevention and Punishment of Crime Against Humanity. Mozambique aligns itself with a statement delivered by the distinguished representative of the Republic of Cameroon on behalf of the African Group, as well as by the distinguished representative of East Timor on behalf of the Community of Portuguese-Speaking Countries, and Mexico on behalf of the Cross-Region Group and wish to make some additional remarks in its national capacity. My delegation also wishes to express its appreciation for the ongoing work of the chair of the working group of the preparatory committee, member states, the special reporter of the International Law Commission on crimes against humanity, other stakeholders, the office of legal affairs and the secretary towards the development of on often international legal framework for the prevention and punishment of crimes against humanity. Mozambique understands that the general assembly took the rights and appropriate decision to to convene the Conference of Plenipotentiaries to negotiate a convention on prevention and punishment of crimes against humanity, referring the 2019 ILS draft articles and the proposal for amendment submitted by governments to the conference for its consideration. Our position has been based on the consensual understanding of the Sixth Committee that crimes against humanity are among the most serious violations of human rights and that there is a collective will to prevent, repress and punish them. In this connection, a comprehensive and unified international framework to especially address States' responsibility for this crime is highly recommended. There is also a consensual understanding at the Sixth Committee that more than a few of the draft articles recommended by the ILC need to be further discussed, strengthened and improved, starting from a comprehensive definition of the crimes against humanity. A conference of plenipotentiaries has the mandate which has to execute by us member states. As the ILC mentioned, codification of the existing of potential customary international law was not the objective of the draft articles. Its objective was to look for provisions that would be both effective and likely acceptable to states. Moreover, the focus is on the adoption of national laws and the strengthening interests in interstate cooperation. In this regard, my delegation recognized the importance of the preparatory committee's work in and establishing the basis for negotiations. We look forward to the continuation of this process, including the second session of the Preparatory Committee scheduled for 12 to 15 April 2027, as well as the approval of the conference dates in 2028. Madam Chair, Our general approach to this process supports effective cooperation between states in matters relating to the criminal investigations, prosecution, mutual legal assistance, extradition where applicable, and the exchange of information in accordance with the national legislation and international obligations. Such cooperation can help prevent perpetrators from evading justice by crossing national borders. In parallel, and supporting the principle of complementary in deciding the primary jurisdiction for these crimes, Mozambique also emphasized the importance of respecting the principle of sovereign equality of states, territorial integrity, and non-interference in the internal affairs of the states, and sharing in the UN Charter, as well as other principles and purpose of the Charter of the United Nations, like the prohibition of the use of threats of force or the imposed unilateral coercive measures. Mozambique therefore encourage an inclusive, transparent and constructive negotiating process. The views and concerns of all Member States should be considered in good faith with the objective of developing a balanced and effective instrument capable for attracting broad international support. Also, Differences in legal traditions and national circumstances should not prevent us from pursuing our common objective of preventing crimes against humanity and ensuring that those responsible are brought to justice. Giving an example of the prevailing differences, the African group has been reminding the Sixth Committee of the demanding impact of historical atrocities committed against the population, its populations, demanding that those atrocities never be repeated, as well as their inclusion as crimes against humanity. On the other hand, It has continued to work against contemporary double standards and selective approaches to international justice and similar legal frameworks like the war crimes or the genocide. It's true that unequal standards discredits the system and may give rise to reservations from states about the codification of new international legal frameworks. Madam Chair, at the national level, Mozambique continues to recognize the importance of strengthening its legal framework and institutional capacity in the criminalization and prosecution of the crimes against humanity. Our national framework provides for territorial jurisdiction of a national and foreign prepared perpetrators, extraterritorial jurisdiction over nationals not tried by foreign jurisdictions, and legal and jurisdictional cooperation, including extradition, in accordance with the applicable rules. We believe that the negotiation of the international convention can implement national efforts by encouraging greater consistency in legal stance, facilities, cooperation, understanding, and strengthening the collective capacity of states to address these crimes. Madam Chair, the establishment of comprehensive international convention would represent an important contribution to progressive development of international law and to the strengthening of the international community's response to crime against humanity. While no legal response to crimes, while no legal instrument can on its own eliminate the risk of such crimes. A robust framework for prevention, assuring effective investigation and accountability can strengthen protection for potential victims and reaffirm our collective commitment to human dignity, promoting cooperation in time where multilateralism is international law and international law in this desire, this disregard, sorry. In conclusion, Mozambique calls upon all member states to seize the opportunities and to sustain the momentum achieved so far and to work together in a spirit of real commitment, solidarity, responsibility, and international cooperation. Our collective effort should ensure that the future convention provides meaningful support to national prevention measures, strengthens accountability, and advances justice for victims and survivors of crimes against humanity. I thank you.

Your oh thank you I thank the distinguished representative of Mozambique for the statement I remind delegations to keep their statements within the agreed time limits those limits are quite generous but as you know we also have a very long list of speakers on this item and the item that follows while that is excellent in the sense of the interest in delivering statements on international law we do have to try to keep within the overall program of work I now give the floor to the distinguished Permanent Representative of Andorra.

I'll try to compensate the excessive time of my colleague from Mozambique. And you didn't say something, but I am going to say it for you. It's so rude to exceed the time because it goes against your own colleagues. So try to keep the time of the speeches. Since it's the first time that this delegation takes the floor, allow me first to congratulate you and the members of the Bureau on your election. My country assures you of its full support. Andorra aligned itself with the statement delivered by the representative of Mexico on behalf of a cross-regional group, and not of the EU, on behalf of the EU members and other group of states. But allow me to make some very short remarks in our national capacity. 81 years ago, this organization was founded to spare future generations the horrors of war and prevent the atrocities that human beings inflict upon one another. Yet despite considerable progress in international law, armed conflicts continue to proliferate and human cruelty reaches ever more disturbing levels. In the past, children were too often victims of war and thus collateral damage. Today, they are deliberately recruited, exploited, sexually abused, and many too often turn into instruments of violence. Their vulnerability is not merely exploited, it is weaponized. What greater illustration of human depravity can there be than turning a child's innocence into an instrument of war? Above all, we must protect children, and my country is fully committed to that aim. The new convention on the prevention of punishment of crimes against humanity will not in itself end conflicts or eradicate human cruelty. We are not naive. But it can strengthen accountability, increase international security, and make impunity increasingly costly. For this reason, we must go further by strengthening international law, ensuring accountability, and developing effective tools to prevent atrocities before they occur, and tools specifically designed to children. To achieve this, we must work together, agree on clear legal definitions, and overcome our differences in pursuit of a common objective, confronting human cruelty with the full force of international law. Because the fight against impunity is not merely a legal obligation, it's a test of our collective humanity. Andorra stands ready to contribute to this effort. Thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative of Andorra for his statement. I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Italy.

Thank you, Madam Chair. Since it is the first time a delegation takes the floor in this session, let me congratulate you and the other members of the Bureau on your election to steer the work of this Committee during the present session. Italy aligns itself with the statements delivered by the European Union and by Mexico on behalf of cross-regional group of states and would like to add some remarks in a national capacity. Madam Chair, Italy reiterates its support for the process leading to the negotiation of a convention on the prevention and punishment of crimes against humanity, which will contribute to strengthening the international legal framework for the prevention and punishment of such heinous crimes. In this context, Italy has participated in the preparatory work and has engaged in a constructive and continuous dialogue with the International Law Commission throughout the drafting process. Without prejudice to our national positions on the content of the future instrument, we supported and co-sponsored resolution 79/122, which has paved the way for the adoption of a convention by 2029. At the same time, Italy wishes to draw attention to the inherent complexity of the subject matter. The draft convention engages issues of considerable sensitivity and breadth at both international and domestic levels, encompassing, inter alia, questions of criminal jurisdiction, legislative harmonization, procedural guarantees, and the relationship between international obligations and national constitutional frameworks. Moreover, full coordination between future negotiations on a convention stemming from the LSC draft articles and other international legal instruments promoting judicial cooperation on the prosecution of international crimes should be ensured. Areas of legal overlapping with regard to the judicial cooperation on crimes against humanity should not result in inconsistencies complicating the task of national lawmakers when incorporating those instruments in their domestic legal order. For instance, while cognizant of the fact that not all UN member states are parties to the Rome Statute, we are of the view that the Statute should represent the point of reference for the definitions that will be adopted in a future convention. Any proposed departures from the definition contained in draft article two should be pondered against a broad acceptance by states, including through relevant treaty instruments. Mindful that the future instrument will be subject to ratification in accordance with national parliamentary procedures, Italy is undertaking a careful and comprehensive internal assessment involving all relevant national authorities and competent institutions aimed at identifying the conditions and circumstances that would enable the effective implementation of the future convention. In conclusion, Madam Chair, Italy stands ready to work in a constructive and cooperative spirit with all delegations in order to advance on this important initiative. I thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative of Italy for his statement, and I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Luxembourg.

Madame Chair, I congratulate you on your election as chair of the ESIC Committee and assure you of the full support of our delegation. Luxembourg went so fully with the statement of the EU and the joint statement delivered by Mexico. Luxembourg would like to add a few comments in its national capacity. Luxembourg is deeply concerned by the serious atrocities committed against civilians throughout the world during conflict, as well as beyond, outside of conflict. These situations remind us starkly of the need to uphold international law and to put an end to impunity for the most serious violations and crimes. In this context, Luxembourg reaffirms its unwavering commitment to the UN Charter Charter and recalls that the prohibition of crimes against humanity is an imperative norm of international law that is used cogent. Madam Chair, we commend the progress underway of negotiating a convention on the prevention and punishment of crimes against humanity based on the draft articles of the International Law Commission. This important step demonstrates the determination of the international community to fill in long-standing gaps in international law and to strengthen our collective capacity to prevent and punish the most serious crimes. Luxembourg places great importance on ensuring that the Convention establishes clear obligations with regard to prevention and punishment, strengthens mutual legal assistance between States and guarantees effective protection for victims and witnesses, as well as their access to justice, especially for children. I'm sorry. That is to say, in this context, it's important that the needs of victims, especially children and those who have suffered sexual violence and gender-based violence, ought to be taken into account. In 2025, the annual report of the UN on children and armed conflict noted more than 38,000 serious violations, including killings, mutilations, child recruitment, abductions, sexual violence including rape, attacks on schools and hospitals, as well as refusal of humanitarian access affecting more than 24,000 children. As an active member of the group Children and Armed Conflict, We are leading international efforts to protect minors. We recall that children ought to occupy a central role in the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of Crimes Against Humanity because their specific needs and vulnerabilities ought to be taken into account within it. The International Criminal Court has recently issued an arrest warrant against various Taliban officials suspected of having committed crimes against humanity for gender-based persecution against women, girls, and the LGBTIQ+ community. This demonstrates the gender dimension that these crimes can have, as well as the importance of guaranteeing effective protection against these crimes. Madam Chair, Luxembourg has incorporated into its national legal framework provisions that aim to punish crimes against humanity. The courts of Luxembourg are empowered to prosecute and hand down sentences against any person suspected of crimes against humanity, wherever the crime may have been committed and of the nationality of the perpetrator or victim. Madam Chair, I would like to recall that Luxembourg continues to support the essential role of the International Criminal Court. in the fight against impunity for the most serious crimes and underscores the importance of complementarity between the work of the ICC and efforts to strengthen the international legal framework governing the prevention and punishment of crimes against humanity. Madam Chair, it is important that this committee immediately set the dates of the diplomatic conference to finalize the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of Crimes Against Humanity. We welcome the fact that the conference is open to active participation from all from non-governmental organizations. Luxembourg reaffirms its commitment to take part in this process in good faith, constructively, and in a spirit of multilateralism. We underscore the importance of ensuring that the process remains open, transparent, and inclusive. It is our collective responsibility to establish an effective and comprehensive legal framework to prevent crimes against humanity, combat impunity, and ensure accountability for perpetrators. The promotion of justice remains vital for guaranteeing and maintaining international peace and security. We cannot overemphasize that peace and justice are indelibly linked and mutually reinforcing. Thank you.

I thank the distinguished Permanent Representative of Luxembourg for her statement. I give the floor to the distinguished representative of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Thank you, Madam Chair, for giving us the floor. My delegation lends itself with this statement delivered by Cameroon on behalf of the African Group. We take note of the SG's report. on the agenda item under consideration and would like to make a few comments in our national capacity. Madam Chair, the DRC reaffirms its unwavering support for the adoption of a UN convention on the prevention and punishment of crimes against humanity and intends to fully contribute to the drafting of a legally binding instrument that will be effective and can enjoy the broadest possible support. The DRC, therefore, welcomes the adoption of Resolution 79/122, through which the General Assembly launched the process of drafting a convention on the prevention and punishment of crimes against humanity. We welcome the first session of the Preparatory Committee from January 19th to 20th of this year and look forward to continuing work in April of next year. The DRC also is pleased to have co-sponsored the draft decision A/C/6/80/L/9, which helped to clarify the timeline. My delegation welcomes the adoption of resolution 80/225, recognizing the trafficking of Africans and enslavement of Africans as one of the most serious crimes against humanity. And the DRC was one of the co-sponsors of that resolution. Thus, this historic recognition also be accompanied by reparative and effective justice. In this spirit, the DRC is pursuing its efforts for recognition and reparations for the damages suffered by victims of international crimes, including by developing individual reparation programs as well as collective ones. For my country, the future convention ought to establish clear obligations as to prevention, criminalization in domestic law, mutual legal assistance and extradition, as well as effective guarantees for victims, survivors, and witnesses while fully respecting the rights to a fair trial. My country believes the sovereignty of states can only be an obstacle to fighting impunity, and as a corollary, the future convention ought to reconcile the legitimate concerns of states with the fundamental needs for reparative justice, restorative justice, and for protection of victims. Madam Chair, the DRC also places victims at the center of our justice. Law 22/065 of December 2022 established a framework for the protection, for prevention, and punishment. including through the National Compensation Fund for Victims of Conflict and Crimes Against the Peace and Security of Humanity, also known as the Narev Fund. In 2025-2026, this fund pursued commemorations, support, and victim identification measures, including through legal provisions in this regard. The recent cooperation project announced together with France for this year to facilitate access to justice illustrates this will to turn the law on reparations into tangible results. Madam Chair, our delegation proposes three guidelines. First of all, starting now, to provide the compiled text, to hold intersessional consultations, that are open to all delegations, which ought to allow us to find common ground and to prepare potential compromise options for unresolved points. Secondly, to make the preparatory committee meeting from April 12th to 15th, 2026, fully operational. And thirdly, to guarantee the full participation of all states, especially African states and delegations with limited resources. The DRC, therefore, calls for genuine cooperation with the competent jurisdictions without selectivity or instrumentalization, as well as a strengthening of national legal capacities. Weakening justice mechanisms means increasing the risk of atrocities. On the other hand, credible justice that's accessible to victims and that is based upon law contributes to a lasting peace. The DRC reaffirms its willingness to work together with all delegations to arrive at a universal convention that is ambitious, balanced, and broadly accepted. Thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative of the Democratic Republic of Congo for his statement. I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Sierra Leone.

Chair, as it's my first time taking the floor since the start of this session, I want to use this opportunity to congratulate you again on the assumption of your role as Chair. Sierra Leone aligns its statements with the one delivered by the distinguished representative of Cameroon on behalf of the African group and Mexico on behalf of the cross-regional group. would want to take the opportunity to make a few remarks in our national capacity. Sierra Leone welcomes this opportunity to address the United Nations Conference on Plenipotentiaries on Prevention and Punishment of Crimes Against Humanity. Our delegation welcomes this conference as an opportunity to translate a shared commitment to human dignity into effective international law. We gather with a responsibility that extends beyond the negotiation of a legal instrument. Our work concerns people whose lives, families and communities have been devastated by crimes against humanity. It also concerns future generations whose protection depends on the decisions we take here. For our delegation, this process is not simply an exercise in treaty-making. It concerns the protection of human dignity, the prevention of atrocities, and the promise of justice for victims and survivors. Our national experience gives these objectives particular meaning. Through our partnership with the United Nations in establishing the Special Courts for Sierra Leone, we witnessed the importance of accountability and the contribution that national and international cooperation can make to justice after conflict. That experience continues to inform our commitment to this process. Chair, the adoption of the United Nations General Assembly Resolution 79/122 marked a historic achievement. It established a concrete pathway towards a legally binding instrument with preparatory sessions in 2026 and 2027, and conference sessions in 2028 and 2029. We must now translate that achievement into sustained and purposeful engagement. Following the first session of the preparatory committee in January this year, our immediate task is to maintain momentum towards its second session scheduled for 12th to 15th April, 2027. The sixth committee should support the effective implementation of the agreed mandates without duplicating or prejudging the negotiations entrusted to the conference. Sierra Leone wishes to underscore three priorities. First, we must preserve the agreed timetable and the ambition of this process. The International Law Commission's draft articles, together with governmental proposals compiled in accordance with Resolution 79/1-2, provided the basis for negotiations. We should approach those negotiations constructively, seeking the broadest possible support while ensuring that the resulting convention is effective in practice. Second, prevention and national implementation must remain central. The future convention should strengthen the capacity of states to prevent atrocities, investigate allegations, and prosecute those responsible. Clear and workable provisions on extradition, mutual legal assistance, and evidence sharing are essential. Equally important are technical assistance and training for investigators, prosecutors, and judges. Treaty obligations must be accompanied by practical means of implementation. emphasizes the primary responsibility of states, international cooperation should reinforce national institutions consistent with the Charter of the United Nations and the principles of sovereign equality and non-intervention. These principles must support, not diminish, effective prevention and accountability. Third, the convention must strengthen national accountability. States bear the primary responsibility for preventing and punishing these crimes. The future instrument should require their criminalization under national law, address the responsibility of those who commit or participate in them, and equip competent authorities to investigate and prosecute effectively. These obligations must apply whether crimes against humanity occur during armed conflict or in peacetime. Accountability must be impartial. Our delegation believes that its credibility depends on consistent application without political selectivity or discrimination. Madam Chair, the promise of this process must therefore ultimately be measured in lives protected, institutions strengthened, and justice made possible. Sierra Leone stands ready to contribute constructively to this shared endeavor. In that spirit, the Government of Sierra Leone wishes to propose that the eventual signing of this historic milestone takes place in Freetown. Sierra Leone will continue to work with the African Group and partners across all regions to build bridges and advance a comprehensive, effective and broadly supported Convention. Our published position has consistently emphasized that broad ownership, inclusive participation and constructive engagement are essential to success. We must approach differences with respect, but also with a clear sense of purpose. The objective is not merely to conclude a text. It is to strengthen prevention, enable cooperation and make accountability more attainable. In conclusion, Sierra Leone reiterates its steadfast commitment to this collective undertaking and to the spirit of cooperation that has guided our work thus far. We remain fully dedicated to engaging constructively with all partners as we advance towards a shared and meaningful outcome. In that regard, the government of Sierra Leone would be honored to host the signing of this historical milestone in Freetown as a testament to our mutual resolve and the enduring partnership that continues to shape this endeavor, if member states will oblige us. Thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative of Sierra Leone for her statement. I give the floor to the distinguished representative of the United Arab Emirates.

Madam Chair, crimes against humanity constitute a grave violation of the fundamental values and principles upon which international law is founded. Addressing these crimes requires sustained and concerted efforts by the international community as a whole to prevent their occurrence and ensure accountability for their commission. In this regard, the United Arab Emirates emphasizes that the prevention of crimes against humanity must be at the cornerstone of the future convention through the establishment of clear and effective legal obligations to ensure that all parties would refrain from committing such crimes and take all appropriate measures to prevent their occurrence and ensure their investigation, as well as the accountability and punishment of those responsible. These efforts will continue to combat impunity and strengthen the rule of law. My country also underscores that these obligations must be upheld in all circumstances, as no exceptional circumstances, whether armed conflict, internal political instability, or any other public emergency, may be invoked to justify committing crimes against humanity. To translate these obligations into practical and effective measures, The Convention should establish a clear and workable framework encompassing appropriate legislative, administrative, judicial and other measures at the national level, alongside the strengthening of effective international cooperation. Madam Chair, in this regard, the United Arab Emirates underscores the importance of continuing discussions on the United Nations Conference of pleni on prevention and punishment of crimes against humanity during the 81st session of the General Assembly to build on the progress achieved and lay the groundwork for constructive negotiations my country continues to participate actively and contribute constructively to this process My delegation also welcomes the progress achieved during the first session of the preparatory committee held in January of this year. We refer to the proposal submitted by the UAE to amend the draft articles. We express our appreciation to the International Law Commission for its effort in preparing these draft articles, which, together with the amendment proposals submitted by governments, constitute the compiled text that will serve as a basis for negotiations. In this regard, the United Arab Emirates looks forward to the second session of the Preparatory Committee as an important opportunity to advance discussions and facilitate constructive, inclusive, and consensus-oriented negotiations. Madam Chair, in preparing for the next stages, the UAE believes that the objective is not merely to finalize the text of a convention. but to establish an effective legal framework that enjoys broad acceptance and facilitates accession by the greatest possible number of States. This would strengthen the universal character of the Convention. The success of this process is measured by the breadth of accession to the Convention and the effectiveness of the implementation of its obligations and the resulting tangible impact on the prevention and punishment of these crimes. To this end, my country underscores the importance of constructive dialogue and a consensus-based approach that takes into account the diversity of national legal systems and perspectives among States. Moving forward without working to address substantive concerns and build consensus may limit the prospects of broad accession to the Convention and its effectiveness. The Convention should serve as a foundation for common action, bringing States together around clear commitments that can be implemented. In this context, the UAE attaches particular importance to precision in legal drafting and clarity of obligations. This is to enable States to determine their scope and implement them effectively, while limiting differences in interpretation. These considerations have guided my country in the work of the preparatory committee and in our proposals on the draft articles. We also emphasize that the convention should take into account the rights of victims and their best interests appropriately. We emphasize that people claiming to be victims of crimes against humanity must be able to resort to competent national authorities. Redress means should also be available and accessible. Relevant provisions must be sufficiently legally certain while bearing in mind the differences in national legal systems. We emphasize that the mechanisms underlined in the future convention should bear in mind how to resolve disputes on interpretation while bearing in mind the importance of state consent. In conclusion, we call upon all states to address all outstanding issues with flexibility and in spirit of constructive cooperation with a view to achieving a convention that brings states together around shared commitments and makes a tangible impact on the prevention and punishment of crimes against humanity. Thank you, Madam Chair.

I thank the distinguished representative of the United Arab Emirates for her statement, and I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Belarus.

Distinguished Chair, ladies and gentlemen, the delegation of the Republic of Belarus would like to thank the International Law Commission for its contribution to the development of international law with regard to prevention of crimes against humanity. Belarus reaffirms its commitment to fighting this category of crimes and is taking measures to prevent and punish these crimes as part of our national legislation. We're prepared to further support cooperation in this area. In particular, Belarus suffered large-scale crimes against innocent civilians during the Second World War. It is prosecuting criminal cases involving the commission of genocide against the Belarusian people by Nazi criminals and their collaborators, as well as criminal groups in the territory of the Belarusian Soviet Socialist Republic. We have sent requests to a number of countries to provide legal assistance in investigating these criminal cases. Returning to the draft articles on prevention of crimes against humanity. and punishment of these crimes, we note that they're an important step toward the codification and development of existing universal international legal regulations in this area. At the same time, I believe it's very important to emphasize that further work in this area requires, first and foremost, a depoliticized approach aimed at creating a truly universal document. Serious disagreements remain in the positions of states with regard to key issues under this topic, such as the definition of crimes against humanity, the application of universal jurisdiction, immunity of officials from foreign criminal jurisdiction, mechanisms for dispute settlement, and the interlinkages between the Convention and existing national laws. It is important to consider proposals from delegations to expand the list of crimes that fall under the scope of the Convention. Belarus believes it is important to make explicit the responsibility of States for imposing unilateral coercive measures, which indiscriminately and highly negatively affect first and foremost the most vulnerable groups of the population, that is, low-income groups and those needing special medical assistance, as well as significantly limits human rights in this area. Belarus also supports this initiative to classify colonialism as a separate category of crimes against humanity. Carrying out this idea could be done through the Preparatory Committee of the Conference of Plenipotentiaries of the UN on Prevention of Crimes Against Humanity. We should also note the obvious fact that combating crimes against humanity has become increasingly politicized in nature, including with regard to the functioning of the ICC. We hope that the growing and justified criticism of the ICC and its officials will be heated and that the topic of preventing crimes against humanity will become less politicized in the future. It's important to continue detailed work on the draft articles without imposing specific instructions or timeframes. Belarus once again points out that rushing negotiations on the draft document in the absence of a basic consensus often leads to the opposite of the desired result. These negotiation processes will either reach an impasse or produce an international treaty with a small number of parties, thus of dubious effectiveness. One clear example of this is the Ljubljana-Hague Convention. Belarus is prepared to engage in active dialogue in order to find a mutually acceptable version of draft articles on the prevention of crimes against humanity. Thank you.

Thank the distinguished representative of Belarus for his statement, and I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Vanuatu. Microphone for Vanuatu, please.

Thank you, Madam Chair. As it is the first time for my delegation to take the floor in this session, I would like to firstly congratulate you and the members of the Bureau on your election, and I assure you of our delegation's continued support. We align with the cross-regional statement by Mexico and would like to add a few points in our national capacity. Vanuatu reaffirms its strong support for the development of a legally binding convention on the prevention and punishment of crimes against humanity. At a time of persistent mass atrocities and continuing impunity, we maintain that the international community must strengthen its capacity to prevent these crimes, ensure accountability, and deliver justice for victims and survivors. We commend the ILC for its work and welcome the progress made thus far in establishing a process to negotiate and shape the draft in PrepCom 2 in 2027, and conclude this important instrument in 2028 and 2029. Vanuatu considers that the dedicated convention can address an important gap in the existing international legal framework. It should strengthen states' obligations to prevent, and criminalize crimes against humanity under domestic law, investigate and prosecute those responsible, and cooperate effectively with one another at the international level. We maintain that the convention should complement the Rome Statute of the ICC, reinforcing the responsibility of states to prevent and punish these crimes while supporting broader international accountability. In this regard, we similarly reiterate Vanuatu's steadfast commitment to the ICC, and we stand ready to cooperate with all delegations to ensure the ICC can continue to discharge its essential mandate. As we have highlighted in previous sessions, Vanuatu particularly emphasizes the need to give serious consideration to environmental destruction in the development of the Convention. Severe environmental harm raises fundamental questions relevant to this treaty. Environmental destruction can devastate communities, livelihoods, and the natural systems upon which human life depends and therefore should not be overlooked when considering the devastating consequences of crimes against humanity. We therefore encourage States to engage constructively with proposals to address environmental destruction in the Convention, while simultaneously continuing to advance efforts towards the recognition of ecocide, nationally, regionally and as an independent international crime in the Rome Statute. We reiterate our willingness to have dialogue with other delegations on this matter. Madam Chair, it is Vanuatu's position that the convention must be robust, legally clear, and effective in practice. It should place victims and survivors at its centre. including through meaningful access to justice, appropriate remedies, and reparation and protection against further harm. We encourage States to approach the negotiations openly and ambitiously, carefully considering proposals that strengthen prevention, accountability, and international cooperation without undermining the Convention's effectiveness. As we advance through the process, Vanuatu reiterates support for constructive engagement, broad participation, and a shared commitment to an ambitious outcome. We maintain that we must use this opportunity not merely to codify existing principles, but to strengthen the international community's practical ability to prevent and respond to atrocities. Vanuatu stands ready to work with all delegations towards a strong and foreseeable and future-looking convention. I thank you, Madam Chair.

I thank the distinguished representative of Vanuatu for her statement. I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Haiti.

Thank you, Madam Chair. The Haitian delegation reaffirms its support for the work of the International Law Commission and for the drafting of an international convention on the prevention and punishment of crimes against humanity on the basis of the draft articles adopted by the Commission. We welcome the work of the first session of the Preparatory Committee held from 19 to 30 January 2026. and we encourage States to continue the negotiations, looking ahead to the next stage for April 2027, with a spirit of compromise and cooperation. The lack of a universal convention specifically devoted to crimes against humanity remains a significant gap in international law. The future instrument should strengthen prevention, the criminalization under domestic law, investigations, prosecutions, judicial cooperation and victim protection. Madam Chair, for Haiti, the first independent black republic born in 1804 out of a successful victory against slavery and colonial rule, This matter is of particular significance. Our history recalls that freedom, equality and human dignity should be protected by effective institutions and norms. The transatlantic slave trade and racialized slavery resulted in significant suffering, the separation of families and the systematic exploitation of thousands of people. The consequences persist through structural inequalities, racism and discrimination. The Haitian delegation believes that the recognition of enslavement as a crime against humanity should go hand in hand with a serious consideration of the historical prejudice and the ways to address that without conflating legal regimes applicable to different historical periods. Madam Chair, Enslavement is among the acts listed in Article 7 of the Rome Statute and in Article 2 of the International Law Commission's draft articles. Its classification as a crime against humanity, where the legal elements are met, reflects the gravity of such conduct and the need to prevent and punish it. Article 29 of the Rome Statute provides that such crimes should not be subject to the statute of limitations. However, this should be distinguished from the principle of non-retroactivity in criminal law and from matters related to responsibility for historical acts. This distinction should not, however, prevent constructive dialogue on the legal foundations and the means of reparations. Madam Chair, reparative justice is an essential dimension of the recognition of harm. Article 12, paragraph 3 of the draft articles provides, in the circumstances covered by the provision, that victims have the right to obtain reparation for material and moral damage suffered individually or collectively. Haiti believes that the future convention should preserve a victim-centered approach and promote effective mechanisms for reparation. Turning to historical injustices related to slavery, we encourage an international dialogue on appropriate measures. including official recognition, excuses, memory preservation, access to archives, educational initiatives, combating discrimination, and, where appropriate, legal grounds can be established, measures for restitution or compensation. Reparation must not be viewed solely in financial terms. It can also help to reduce inequalities, to support education and health, preserve historical heritage, and restore the dignity of affected communities. Madam Chair, the Haitian delegation welcomes multilateral initiatives contributing to the recognition of the historical consequences of the transatlantic slave trade and racialized slavery, including the adoption in 2026 of General Assembly Resolution 80/250. This momentum should foster international dialogue encompassing remembrance, recognition, the fight against racism and reparative justice. We encourage States to pursue negotiations on the future convention with ambition and pragmatism. We support a legally robust instrument that strengthens prevention and punishment for crimes against humanity, that facilitates international cooperation, and ensures upholding the rights of victims. For Haiti, justice is not merely a matter of condemning crimes, but also preventing them from recurring, recognizing human suffering, and establishing responsibility for historical injustices. The Republic of Haiti therefore reaffirms its commitment to an international legal order based on the sovereignty of states, human rights and the dignity of everyone. Madam Chair, to conclude, the Haitian delegation calls for this process to become a lasting advance in international law, preventing the crimes of tomorrow, protecting the victims of today and seriously addressing the injustices of the past. Thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative of Haiti for his statement, and I give the floor to the distinguished Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs of Liberia.

Madam Chair, firstly, Liberia seizes this opportunity to congratulate you on your appointment. Liberia aligns itself with This statement delivered on behalf of the African group and speaks in its national capacity. We thank the Secretary General for his report. For many delegations, this item may be a debate about doctrine. For Liberia, it is lived experience. Our two civil conflicts between 1989 and 2003 claimed many lives, displaced many more and left wounds documented by our Truth and Reconciliation Commission in its 2009 final report. For years, while our institutions rebuilt, the only courtrooms in which victims of those crimes heard evidence taken on oath were foreign ones, exercising universal jurisdiction. Courts in Switzerland and France have convicted former commanders of war crimes, crimes against humanity, and acts of torture committed on Liberian soil, and related proceedings have been brought in other jurisdictions. Properly conducted with Liberia's cooperation, those cases did not offend our sovereignty. Rather, we view them as supporting and defending it. Our courts are now preparing to answer In 2024, both houses of our legislature adopted a joint resolution supporting the establishment of a war and economic crimes court, and the president issued Executive Order number 131, establishing the office, preparing its foundation. Liberia's position flows from that experience. The primary responsibility to investigate and prosecute international crimes rests with the state of nationality. and universal jurisdiction is complementary and a safety net against impunity where national jurisdiction are unable or unwilling to act. Liberia accordingly emphasizes four principles. The exercise of universal jurisdiction must be grounded in international law. It must respect the sovereign equality of states and due process recognized under international law. It must never be exercised selectively or for political ends. And it works best in partnership through international cooperation, mutual legal assistance, extradition, and capacity building for national jurisdictions. Liberia supports greater clarity and consistency regarding the scope, the conditions, and the safeguards governing the application of the principle. and will engage constructively in the committee's working group to that end. As a member of the Security Council for 2026 and 2027, my Bureau will continue to work for an international legal order in which justice for the gravest crimes is neither selective nor optional, and in which no victim's access to justice depends on geography. Thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative of Liberia for his statement, and I give the floor to the distinguished representative of the Holy See.

Chair, more than 70 years ago, Pope Pius XII called for international agreements that would indicate clearly the crimes to be proscribed and would fix their characteristics with juridic precision. The international community is now closer than ever to answering that call. The first session of the Preparatory Committee has already been concluded, and the second session is set to convene in April 2027, while the Conference of Plenipotentiaries is expected to take place in 2028 and 2029. The Holy See welcomes this progress. Yet the urgency has not diminished. Children, women, and members of ethnic and religious minorities, including many Christians, continue to suffer persecution, enslavement, forced displacement, and death. As Pope Leo XIV affirms, the protection of the principle of the inviolability of human dignity and the sanctity of life always counts for more than any mere national interest. This conviction should inspire the work of this Committee, because the law we are shaping exists to protect persons. Madam Chair, my delegation wishes to offer four considerations. Firstly, the future convention must be firmly built upon existing customary international law, as the prohibition of these crimes is already well established Our task is not to redefine them, but rather to provide states with effective prevention and accountability measures. Article 7 of the Rome Statute, which reflects customary international law, remains the appropriate reference point for definitions. Modifying them before state practice and opinio juris have developed would hinder consensus and weaken the instrument. For this reason, the Holy See supports retaining the definition of gender set out in Article 7.3 of the Rome Statute, which refers to the two sexes, male and female, in the context of society, as well as the established definition of forced pregnancy. This language excludes no one from protection. Every human being must be safeguarded from persecution and violence. The principle of legality demands such precision. As Pope Leo XIV observes, in order to engage in dialogue, there needs to be agreement on the words and concepts that are used. Secondly, the duty to prevent and punish lies primarily with the states. And national jurisdictions should remain the primary locus of investigation and prosecution. International cooperation through extradition and mutual legal assistance plays an indispensable complementary role, particularly in supporting States with limited capacity. Such cooperation must include adequate safeguards. No person should be extradited or surrendered to a jurisdiction where there are substantial grounds for believing that he or she would be subjected to torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment, or to the death penalty, A punishment which is, in the words of Pope Pius XIV, destroys all hope of forgiveness and renewal. Thirdly, victims must stand at the center of the future convention. Their suffering demands justice and ongoing protection. The instrument should recognize the right of victims to compensation and to assistance with rehabilitation and reintegration. and should encourage support from other states, international organizations, and religious and charitable institutions, which often provide initial support to survivors. Fourth, justice must respect the dignity of the accused. A due process, the presumption of innocence, the impartiality of judges, the effective rights of the defense, and the reasonable duration of proceedings are not concessions to perpetrators. but conditions of the law's legitimacy. Penalties should be proportionate and open to reconciliation because persons can never be reduced to the crimes they have committed. Madam Chair, crimes against humanity rarely occur without warning. They are facilitated by impunity, by the dehumanization of entire groups, and by the gradual erosion of respect for the law. Pope Leo XIV cautions that when peace is sought through force, this gravely threatens the rule of law, which is the foundation of all peaceful civil coexistence. A convention that is based on shared legal principles and broad consensus would provide a tangible response to this threat. The Holy See looks forward to a second session of the Preparatory Committee and a conference that are transparent and inclusive, focused on achieving an effective and universally accepted convention. Thank you, Madam Chair.

I thank the distinguished representative of the Holy See for his statement, and I give the floor to the distinguished representative of the League of Arab States.

Thank you, Madam Chair. Allow me at the outset to congratulate you and the members of the Bureau for assuming the leadership of the Sixth Committee. You can count on the League of Arab States' full cooperation and its member states with you for the successful conclusion of this session. I align we align ourselves with the statement of the Arab Group delivered by Libya under this agenda item. The League of Arab States welcomes the General Assembly resolution 122/79 of 2024 regarding the convening of the UN Conference of Planned Potentials on on prevention and punishment of crimes against humanity for the years 28, 29. The resolution reflects clearly our full commitment to prevent crimes against humanity and punish them. These are among the gravest crimes that affect the international community and shock the human conscience undermine stability and social cohesion of countries and communities. We also commend the work of the Preparatory Committee, convened in January of this year, and would resume its works next year. We commend their role in achieving consensus to adopt this document. In this regard, We urge for a constructive engagement in substantive discussions in an inclusive, transparent manner that is based on consensus. In this regard, the League of Arab States would like to -- that in line with the resolution, the conference should be convened in a manner that is open, transparent, to enhance a consensus and ensure the largest participation in this conference. We also welcome the decision to accept the draft articles adopted by the ILC in the second reading as a possible basis for negotiations in this regard. But we need to also take into consideration the legitimate concerns at the national level and at the regional level. the chair of the League of Arab States expresses a concern regarding the ongoing Israeli aggressions against the West Bank and Gaza Strip that aim at displacing the Palestinian citizens, including forced displacement, starvation, as well as mass killing that amounts to genocide. We point here to the ICJ advisory opinion that considered the Israeli occupation of the Palestinian territories illegal and we stress the need for the respect of the rights of Palestinian people to live in dignity and in freedom. We condemn the ongoing Israeli occupation of the Syrian Golan as well as the continued expansion within the Syrian territories since 2024, exposing citizens there to displacement, arbitrary arrest, kidnapping, and forced disappearance. All of these are acts under crimes against humanity. The League of Arab States also condemns statements by Israeli officials regarding the indefinite presence of occupation forces in the Syrian territories in violation of the 1974 disengagement agreement. We condemn the ongoing Israeli attacks against Lebanon that led to the displacement of civilians and the emptying of full villages and towns in Lebanon. We also condemn the Iranian attacks against GCC member states and against Iraq and Jordan, and the Houthi attacks on defenseless civilians and civilian infrastructure in Yemen and in Saudi Arabia. The League of Arab States urges the international community to strengthen its efforts, aiming at stopping the bloodshed in Sudan that created immense humanitarian suffering for the civilians in Sudan, based on also ethnic killing, starvation, rape, displacement, arbitrary arrest. All are classified as crimes against humanity. We reiterate our condemnation to carrying out mass killings against civilians in Al-Fasher and Al-Junayna cities, as documented by reports issued by the Human Rights Council and the International Commission for Investigation in Sudan. The League of Arab States reiterates the importance of respecting all principles of the UN Charter without selectivity so that the rule of law has primacy, and to ensure accountability and prevent impunity, we warn against unilateral coercive measures that violate international law and enshrine double standards and selectivity in application of justice. In conclusion, Madam President, the League of Arab States reiterates our commitment to support the convening of the Conference of Plenipotentiaries to draft a convention on prevention and punishment of crimes against humanity in good faith, mutual trust and in a constructive manner in the spirit of multilateralism. We stress that establishing a legal framework that is comprehensive and effective to prevent and punish the crimes against humanity, ensure accountability, is one of the most important pillars of our collective responsibility in line with the principles and goals of the UN Charter. Thank you, Madam Chair.

I thank the distinguished representative of the League of Arab States for her statement, and I give the floor to the distinguished representative of the Sovereign Order of Malta.

Chair, and congratulations to you and the rest of the Bureau on your election. Excellencies, distinguished delegates, the Sovereign Order of Malta is gravely concerned by the persistence of crimes against humanity in our world today. Enslavement, torture, and forced disappearance, persecution, and sexual violence remain grave assaults on the inherent dignity of every human being. When committed against civilian populations on a widespread or systematic scale, they wound not only individuals and families, but humanity as a whole. The Order welcomes the progress made toward the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of Crimes Against Humanity and commends the International Law Commission for its draft articles. These crimes are not distant legal categories for the Order. Our relief agency, Malteser International, is on the front lines guided by its core principles of impartiality and neutrality. We witness the consequences of crimes against humanity every day. Our local associations operate safe houses in the Philippines and support centers such as the Bakita Center in Lagos, Nigeria, where survivors of trafficking receive sanctuary, psychosocial support, and vocational training. In Colombia, we provide protection services to reduce the risk of women and children being trafficked for forced labor. Our teams in Haiti encounter the very forms of cruelty that this body seeks to eliminate. This experience teaches us that a future convention must place prevention at its heart and victims at its center. Survivors, witnesses and their families must be protected, heard and supported in rebuilding their lives. States should also ensure that implementing measures never impede impartial humanitarian assistance to those in need. Excellencies, distinguished delegates, as Pope Francis reminded us, human trafficking is a crime against humanity. The same is true of every act that reduces a human being to an object of exploitation and abuse. The Order of Malta supports all efforts to strengthen the legal framework to prevent and punish these crimes and to restore dignity to those who have suffered them. I thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative of the Sovereign Order of Malta for her statement. She was the last speaker on the list for this agenda item. It is my understanding that the delegation of the Russian Federation wishes to exercise the right of reply. I remind the committee that in accordance with paragraphs 9 and 10 of Annex 5 to the Rules of Procedure of the General Assembly, the number of interventions in the exercise of the right of reply for any delegation at a given meeting is limited to two per item, and the first intervention should be limited to 10 minutes and the second intervention limited to 5 minutes. I encourage any delegations exercising a right of reply to please be as brief as possible and to remain well within these time limits. You have the floor, distinguished representative of the Russian Federation.

Thank you, Madam Chair. Resolution 79/122 of the General Assembly launched the work on a convention on prevention of crimes against humanity at a relevant platform, convening a conference of plenipotentiaries in 2028, as well as a preparatory committee for the conference in January 2026 and 2027. More than 60 states, including the Russian Federation, provided their substantive written recommendations on amendments to the draft articles to prepare a compiled text as the basis for the upcoming negotiations on substance. In this regard, the question arises: How useful is it to keep the parallel track of consideration of this topic on the Sixth Committee agenda and to hold plenary discussions on it in particular? Certain delegations, in particular, are using this agenda item not for legal work, but for political propaganda and disinformation. We've already repeatedly heard the standard accusations against the Russian Federation, and the repetition of these unfounded accusations will not make them into truth. Constantly blaming Russia for every incident in Ukraine has long become a political campaign. Over the past seven days alone, crimes of Ukrainian fighters violating the norms of international humanitarian law led to the deaths of at least 52 civilians, including five minors. And 274 civilians were injured, including 11 children. However, we believe that the Sixth Committee is not the right venue for discussion of this topic. The General Assembly is overtaking a decision on moving substantive work to a special negotiating format. Duplication of the work of the Sixth Committee would hardly be in keeping with the logic of revitalization. If we really want to set the goal of making the Sixth Committee's work more productive and save our budgetary resources, then to optimize that work, we ought to exclude from discussion issues that the Committee has already finished its work on. Thank you very much, Chair.

I thank the distinguished representative of the Russian Federation for her statement. The delegation of Israel has expressed the wish to exercise the right of reply. You have the floor.

Madam Chair.

We have just witnessed yet another act of blatant politicization aimed at undermining the Committee's legal work. This practice only underscores the importance of exercising extreme caution in considering the potential development of a future convention on the prevention of crimes against humanity. We reject all the allegations and will respond to them at the appropriate time and in the appropriate forum.

Thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative of Israel. The distinguished representative of Ukraine has expressed the wish to exercise the right of reply. You have the floor.

Thank you, Madam Chair. My delegation has asked for the floor to exercise its right of reply in response to the statement made by the representative of the Russian Federation. Ukraine categorically rejects the allegations of politicization and disinformation. This agenda item concerns crimes against humanity. Referring to such crimes as documented by the United Nations is not politicization. It is a very substance of our work. Our statement relied on the findings of OCHR, the Independent International Commission of Inquiry, and the International Criminal Court, not on a political assertions. As for the international humanitarian law, Ukraine cooperate fully with United Nations mechanisms, ICRC, and ICC. The Russian Federation denies them access to the occupied territories, ignores the binding order of the International Court of Justice, and rejects the jurisdiction of the ICC. Accusing the victims of one's own crime is not a legal argument. The Russian delegation's reactions today shows exactly why this convention is so urgent for us today. Thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative of Ukraine. The distinguished representative of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea has the floor in exercise of the right of reply.

Thank you, Madam Chair. My delegation exercises its right of reply in response to the statement made by the representative of Ukraine. We categorically reject the baseless allegation by the representative of Ukraine against my country. In the DPRK, where the people-first principle is consistently embodied in state activities, women are enjoying genuine rights and dignity as masters of the state and society under the women-oriented and women-esteemed policy of the government. The socialist constitution and sectoral laws, including the law on the protection and promotion of women's rights, provide firm legal guarantees for the advancement of women. All women fully enjoy, exercise their political rights to vote and to be elected and to actively participate in state administration and social life. Despite the complex global challenges, including persistent conflict and various forms of discrimination faced by women in many parts of the world, the DPRK remains steadfast in its commitment to ensuring that women enjoy equal rights and dignified lives in a peaceful and stable social environment. As a state party to the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, the DPRK commits itself to faithfully implementing its obligations and further developing cooperation exchanges in the field of women's rights on the basis of mutual respect and equality. By consistently upholding the people-first principle and the women-esteem policy, the government of the DPRK will continue to take substantive measures to protect and promote the dignity, rights, and well-being of women at the highest level. It is shameful of the representative of Ukraine to copycat the false narratives and disinformation from the unidentified sources of information. On that note, there is a big question as to her integrity, professionalism, and qualifications. We strongly urge the representative of Ukraine to refrain from raising false narratives which are not relevant to the agenda item. The outrageous remark by Ukraine is a politically motivated provocation to demonize and tarnish the image of the DPRK. The representative of Ukraine is also seeking to divert attention of the international community from its continued heinous and massive crimes against humanity, through terrorist attacks and threats on civilians, including women and children, and civilian objects, which remain unabated. My delegation is committed to constructively engaging in the negotiations on the crimes against humanity. However, we will never overlook any attempt to politicize the negotiating process. I thank you, Mr. and Madam Chair?

I thank the distinguished representative of the DPRK for the statement. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Mozambique in exercise of the right of reply.

Thank you, Chair. I just wanted to... First, I would like to apologize because we exceeded several times on our statement, including today. And secondly, I would like to apologize that saying that English is not our language. In Mozambique, we speak Portuguese. and Portuguese is not an official language here to make the statements. That's why we have some difficulties to make our statement. And for that, we would like to ask for apologies. I would like to observe that after the Chair observed that we exceeded, I would like to regret to say that the distinguished representative of Andorra, I don't think he should have repeated because I think the observation was already made by the Chair. Thank you very much.

I thank the distinguished representative of Mozambique for the statement, and your views are noted. The distinguished representative of Ukraine has requested the floor in exercise of the right of reply, second right.

Thank you, Madam Chair. So my delegation wishes to exercise its right to reply in response to the accusation made by the representative of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea. And we wish to remind that recalling the findings of the United Nations is not a provocation. In 2014, the United Nations Commission of Inquiry concluded that crimes against humanity had been committed in the DPRK, and the General Assembly has reaffirmed this concern years after. Ukraine's statement is not what damages the image of the DPRK; its own conduct does. Its systematic violations of human rights and its refusal to cooperate with United Nations mechanisms. So does its supply of ballistic missiles and troops to the Russian Federation for its war of aggression against Ukraine in violation of Security Council resolutions. These missiles kill Ukrainian civilians. If the DPRK is concerned about its image, the remedy is in its own hands to respect international law and end its complicity in the aggression against Ukraine. I thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative of Ukraine. The distinguished representative of the DPRK has requested the floor to exercise, for the second time, the right of reply.

Thank you, Madam Chair. My delegation is compelled to exercise its second right of reply in response to the right of reply made by the representative of Ukraine. Madam Chair, previously I just made a reference to the fact that the representative of Ukraine is raising the false narratives and disinformation, which have nothing to do with the agenda item of this committee. And also, there are other specialized forums dealing with the issues raised by the Ukraine. So I'd like to advise the representative of Ukraine not to lose bearings and focus on the agenda item on the table. Otherwise, it will be a waste of time given in the context of budgetary restrictions and the liquidity crisis of the United Nations. And I'm not commenting on the reckless allegations, baseless allegations made by the representative of Ukraine, because we have already made clear on our position concerning the relationship between the DPRK and the Russian Federation. And my delegation would like to emphasize that any attempt to politicize the negotiating process will not helpful in any way. It will only waste of time. It will obstruct the constructive approach of the negotiating process. Thank you, Madam Chair.

I thank the distinguished representative of the DPRK. We have thus concluded our debate on agenda item 79, United Nations Conference on Plenipotentiaries on Prevention and Punishment of Crimes Against Humanity. I wish to inform you that Ms. Ana Paula Lavalle Arriu of Mexico and Ms. Marang Saniang of Gambia will co-coordinate agenda item 79 on behalf of the sponsors. As agreed at our first meeting, we will provide the coordinators for each agenda item the opportunity to give a brief indication of their plans and, if possible, to introduce the initial draft of their proposals for draft texts. I give the floor to Ms. Ana Paula Arroyo of Mexico on this agenda item. You have the floor.

Thank you, Madam Chair. Dear colleagues, I take the floor also on behalf of my co-coordinator colleague, Ms. Marang Sanjank from the Gambia. We listened carefully to this rich debate of over 80 participations. I am pleased to inform that later today we will circulate a draft decision, procedural in nature, that aims to decide on the specific dates for the United Nations Conference of Plenipotentiaries on the Prevention and Punishment of Crimes Against Humanity that will be held in line with resolution 79/122 in 2028. We will hold an informal consultation to present this text on Thursday, October 15, at 1:15 p.m. in this room. We look forward to your participation and constructive engagement. Thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative of Mexico. Distinguished delegates, in accordance with our programme of work, the Sixth Committee will now commence its consideration of agenda item 88, United Nations Conference of Plenipotentiaries on Protection of Persons in the Event of Disasters. There are no reports issued under this agenda item. There are about 85 delegations inscribed on the list of speakers, so I again urge you to be cognizant of the time limits agreed. The first speaker on my list is the distinguished representative of Cameroon on behalf of the African group.

Madam Chair, I have the honor to speak on behalf of the African group on this item. The African group records the General Assembly resolution 80/469 of 15 December 2025 on the convening of the United Nations Conference of Plenipotentiaries on Protection of Persons in the Event of Disasters and welcome decision A/551 of 4th September 2026 by which the General Assembly decided that the conference shall meet in Bangkok from 25 January to 12 February 2027. The group expresses appreciation to the Chair and members of the working group for their conduct of the resumed session and the preparatory committee. Madam Chair, disasters continue to occur with increasing intensity and frequency, a trend aggravated by climate change. Their consequences ranges from development impediment, floods or droughts, loss of life and displacement to food insecurity and long-term economic and environmental disruption, weigh most heavily on states with least capacity to respond. Africa's exposure to this effect gives this group a direct stake in the outcome of the forthcoming conference of relevant authorities. The African Group attaches importance to international cooperation. International cooperation is not merely desirable, it is indispensable, particularly for developing countries that lack the resources and technical capacity to adequately respond to large-scale disasters. However, the African Group proposes that the draft Article 7 should include an explicit reference to cooperation in the area of technology transfer, capacity building, and the sharing of technical expertise and early warning system. On sovereignty, the group reiterates that the provision of humanitarian assistance remains subject to the request and consent of the affected state. that state retains the exclusive authority to accept, regulate, coordinate and supervise assistance activity within its territory, and the Conference must preserve this principle in the final instrument. On the relationship with international humanitarian law, the instrument should complement as appropriate the existing international humanitarian law framework. The group encourages the conference to clarify the relationship between the instrument and applicable international humanitarian law before the text is adopted. As disasters risk grow in intensity and complexity, the need for effective early warning system become even more important. The rapid evolution of artificial intelligence along with its risks can significantly enhance early warning through faster communication improve data analysis and anticipate free action. The success of artificial intelligence as a tool for early warning system will depend on how technological advancements are harnessed to complement existing disaster risk reduction measure, such as communities effort, indigenous knowledge, science and resilience governance structure. Madam Chair, the group underscored the effect of disasters due to climate change and expect the instrument to acknowledge it. without duplicating the obligation states have undertaken under the relevant climate change framework. The group also underscored the importance of the full and effective participation of developing countries, in particular African states, at the conference in Bangkok. We call for contribution to the trust fund established by the UN Secretary General for the Office of Legal Affairs to support the promotion of international law to allow the participation of delegates from developing countries at the conference. Madam Chair, the African Group approaches the Conference of Plenipotentiaries with the intention of contributing constructively to the elaboration of an instrument in response to the priorities set out above. In conclusion, we thank Thailand for its effort in preparing for the conference, and we look forward to a successful outcome in Bangkok. I thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative of Cameroon for his statement, and I give the floor to the distinguished representative of the European Union.

Thank you. I have the honour to speak on behalf of the European Union and its member states, the candidate countries North Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, Albania, Ukraine, the Republic of Moldova, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Georgia, as well as Armenia, Andorra, Monaco, and San Marino, align themselves with this statement. Madam Chair, having actively contributed to the work of the International Law Commission and to the debates that preceded the adoption of resolutions 79/128 and 80/169 of the General Assembly, The European Union and its Member States express their continued full support for and commitment to the success of the upcoming United Nations Conference of Plenipotentiaries on Protection of Persons in the Event of Disasters. We thank the Kingdom of Thailand for having taken over the task of hosting the Conference. The convention that will be elaborated at this conference could constitute a major legal development reflecting our shared commitment to the protection of persons in the event of disasters, to saving lives and helping people in need. But it now lies in the hands of all delegations to achieve these objectives. The successful outcome of the preparatory committee has prepared the ground for fruitful negotiations. First, we welcome that consensus could be found on rules of procedure to be recommended for the adoption at the conference. This will allow the conference to concentrate on substance as of day one and to deliver it in an open, inclusive, transparent and efficient process. The EU and its member states call on all delegations to indeed participate in the conference in this spirit. Second, We truly believe in the added value that the participation of civil society organizations, in particular the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, can and will bring to this process. We therefore welcome that the Conference will be open to the active participation of relevant non-governmental organizations. Madam Chair. As we have said previously, our substantive positions will continue to be informed by both pillars of EU disaster relief framework, namely the European consensus on humanitarian aid and the EU civil protection mechanisms, with the lessons learned from more than 880 times in which it was activated around the world since 2001. the EU and its member states can bring extensive experience, expertise to the next negotiating table. Even though the draft rules of procedure recommended to the conference do not contain a clause allowing intergovernmental economic integration organizations to participate with all rights, which the European Union and its member states regret, those rules clarify that intergovernmental integration organizations such as the European Union, may take part in all relevant meetings at the conference, consistent with the specific rights and privileges conferred upon it by the General Assembly. We are of the firm view that such participation can contribute to the effectiveness of debates, helping to build bridges during the negotiation and to find compromises amongst the different positions. Madam Chair, With more frequent and intense extreme weather events due to climate change, as well as multiple other causes of disasters, such as earthquakes, international cooperation must be at the center of efforts for disaster risk reduction, preparedness, and response. In this vein, the European Union and its member states will continue working closely together with all delegations. Our wish is that next year we can collectively and proudly conclude our work on the elaboration of this important new convention. I thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative of the European Union for his statement, and I give the floor to the distinguished permanent representative of Saint Kitts and Nevis on behalf of CARICOM.

Madam Chair. I have the honor to deliver this statement on behalf of the 14 member states of the Caribbean Community, CARICOM. The protection of persons in the event of disasters is not simply a question of developing international law. For CARICOM, the value of a convention lies in its ability to provide greater clarity and predictability in the cooperation that takes place when disasters exceed the national capacities of states to respond, while respecting the sovereignty and primary responsibility of the affected state. It is for this reason that CARICOM has consistently supported the elaboration of legally binding instrument on the protection of persons in the event of disasters. Our position has been informed by our lived realities, which have consistently expressed in, which have been consistently expressed in the Sixth Committee. We recall this established position as we approach a decisive stage in the process. The adoption of General Assembly resolution 79/128 in 2024, followed by resolution 80/169 in 2025, established the path towards the negotiation of a legally binding convention. the recent conclusion of the preparatory committee has further advanced this process laying the groundwork for negotiations on the Consolidated text at the diplomatic conference in Bangkok for 25 January to 12 February 2027 in this regard carum expresses its deep appreciation to Ambassador sofosa chotigan Tang of Thailand for her leadership of the preparatory committee to the bureau for work and to the government of Thailand for its swift decision to host the conference. Madam Chair, Member States must approach Bangkok with a clear understanding of the task before us. For CARICOM, the convention must provide legal certainty, establish responsibility, and maintain operational flexibility to guide states and other relevant actors in the event of disasters across varying contexts and countries. It must not adopt a one-size-fits-all approach. In addition, there must be a balance between the affected state's authority and international cooperation that respects sovereignty and facilitates much-needed assistance, unencumbered by procedural and administrative barriers. The value of the Convention must ultimately be assessed by what it will enable states to do and the protection it will afford for our people. As we approach Bangkok, CARICOM therefore encourages all states to be prepared to make progress through compromise where necessary. We must examine proposals on their merits, identify areas of convergence, and make the adjustments necessary to reach agreement. The pursuit of consensus and constructive good faith engagement must be our guiding principles. This requires a willingness to explore solutions that accommodate legitimate differences without undermining the purpose of the convention. We must always, therefore, remember what is at stake. Our efforts must clarify the responsibilities and roles of those involved and strengthen the protection afforded to persons whose lives and livelihoods have been disrupted. These are the practical considerations that should inform our deliberations during negotiations. Madam Chair, the effectiveness of the negotiation, the negotiating process also depends on the ability of all states to participate meaningfully. CARICOM therefore underscores the importance of adequate resources to facilitate the participation of developing countries, particularly small island developing states and least developed countries, whose exposure to disasters and practical experience can help shape a convention that is relevant and fit for purpose. As a result, we encourage all States in a position to do so to contribute to the voluntary fund. We also express our appreciation to States who have already contributed, particularly Italy, who has made the largest contribution to date of $60,000. to facilitate the participation of SIDS and LDCs. Madam Chair, the upcoming negotiations also have significance in the context on the UN80 initiative. That is, as we consider how to strengthen the UN's effectiveness and make it fit for purpose, this process offers an opportunity to not only demonstrate the contribution that multilateral negotiations can make to the development of international law, but also to reaffirm the UN's ability to translate collective commitments into practical outcomes that respond to the needs of people on the ground. Recent disasters underscore the urgency of this work. In the Caribbean, Jamaica, Haiti, and Cuba continue to grapple with the consequences of Hurricane Melissa, which struck in October 2025. In the Pacific, Solomon Islands continue its recovery following Tropical Cyclone Malaya in 2026. while in South Asia, Nepal continues to recover from the recent catastrophic flooding triggered by ice rock avalanche. These experiences illustrate that the consequences of disasters extend beyond the immediate emergency, placing prolonged demands on recovery efforts and national resources. Madam Chair, our collective responsibility is to ensure that the progress achieved following years of work is carried forward into a productive conference and results in a meaningful convention that strengthens the international response to disasters and advances the protection of persons affected by them. CARICOM stands ready to engage constructively with all delegations towards that end. That is the responsibility before us and the outcome of which we will be judged by the people we serve. I thank you.

I thank the distinguished permanent representative of Saint Kitts and Nevis for her statement. I give the floor to the distinguished permanent representative of Thailand on behalf of ASEAN.

Thank you very much, Madam Chair. I have the honor to deliver this statement on behalf of the 11 member states of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, or ASEAN. Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Indonesia, the Lao People's Democratic Republic, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Timor-Leste, Vietnam, and my own country, Thailand. ASEAN is one of the fast-growing regions in the world. However, its progress is often at risk due to vulnerability in various forms of disasters, which are increasing in intensity and frequency. To address these concerns, ASEAN Member States concluded the ASEAN Agreement on Disaster Management and Emergency Response, or ADMER, a legally binding instrument which entered into force in 2009, and to which all 11 ASEAN Member States are parties. ADMER is guided by two First, the affected state has the primary responsibility for responding to disasters within its territory. External assistance may only be provided upon request or with its consent. Second, cooperation and coordination must take into account the respective needs, capabilities, circumstances of member states. Over the years, EDMR has provided strong legal framework for regional cooperation and help ASEAN take concrete steps towards building a safe and more resilient community. Its implementation focuses on five priority programs, risk assessment, monitoring and early warning, prevention and mitigation, preparedness and response, resilient recovery, and global leadership. The agreement also promotes regional early warning systems to help member states better prepare for and respond to disasters. These efforts are supported by the ASEAN Coordinating Centre for Humanitarian Assistance on Disaster Management, or AHA Centre, which plays a key role in coordinating regional disaster preparedness and response. Madam Chair, again, this backdrop as it will come to progress made by the Sixth Committee and the General Assembly's decision through resolution 79128 to elaborate and conclude a legally binding instrument on the protection of persons in the event of disasters by the end of 2027, without prejudice to the legal effects of any particular provisions contained therein. We also welcome the modalities established under resolution 8169 and decision 8551 to convene the UN Conference of Plenipotentiaries on Protection of Persons in the Event of Disasters in Bangkok from 25 January to 12 February 2027. As in its place, with the successful completion of the preparatory committee's work, This includes the referral of the consolidated text, including the draft articles and government proposal for amendments, arrangements for stakeholder participation, and recommendations on the conference organization, including, of course, the program of work, provisional agenda, rules of procedure, methods of work, and final act. These outcomes, adopted by consensus, provide a solid foundation for the conference. We encourage all delegations to build on this progress so that substantive negotiations can begin from the outset and we can make the most out of the three weeks in Bangkok. ASEAN underscores that such a new instrument should draw upon the good practices of existing frameworks, including from our region. for the enhanced coordination of efforts to protect persons in disaster situations and ensure that such coordination is nationally owned and complements national systems with full respect for the sovereignty of affected states. ASEAN looks forward to working constructively with all delegations in the spirit of cooperation and consensus and working towards a successful conclusion of the conference. We hope that this important convention will foster international cooperation in protecting persons in disasters and help build a resilient international community. The official version of this statement will be available on the website. Thank you so much, Madam Chair, for your kind attention.

I thank the distinguished permanent representative of Thailand for his statement, and I give the floor to the distinguished permanent representative of Timor-Leste on behalf of the Community of Portuguese-Speaking Countries.

Madam Chair, I have the honor to deliver this statement on behalf of the member states of the Community of Portuguese-Speaking Countries, CPLP. Many members of our community are among the countries most vulnerable to the impacts of disasters, including earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, cyclones, wildfires, floods, and droughts. They are also on the front line of the adverse effects of climate change, including sea level rise. We therefore share the conviction that a robust international legal framework for the protection of persons in the event of disasters can strengthen prevention and disaster risk reduction efforts, facilitate international cooperation and the provision of assistance, and contribute to more effective responses to the needs of affected populations, while fully respecting state sovereignty. Madam Chair, The CPLP welcomes the progress achieved since the last session of the General Assembly and the conclusion of the work of the Preparatory Committee for the United Nations Conference of Plenipotentiaries on the Protection of Persons in the Event of Disasters. We thank the Government of Thailand for its generous offer to host the Conference in Bangkok and look forward to contributing constructively to its work. The Preparatory Committee devoted considerable time and effort to the organizational and procedural matters necessary for the preparation of the Conference. The CPLP recognizes the work carried out and hopes that the recommendations resulting from that process will enable the Conference to begin its work efficiently and move promptly to substantive negotiations. The first session of the Conference will last only three weeks. Therefore, it will be particularly important to make good use of the time available. We encourage all States to approach this new stage with flexibility and a constructive spirit, building on the work already undertaken and seeking to devote as much time as possible to the substantive issues before us. As we approach Bangkok, We should conduct negotiations with pragmatism, a sense of purpose and a willingness to listen to the perspectives of all so that we may find solutions that help bridge differences, always keeping at the centre of our efforts the people whom this future convention is intended to protect. Madam Chair. The Member States of the CPLP stand ready to participate constructively in the negotiations in Bangkok and to work with all States to strengthen international cooperation and the protection of persons in the events of disasters. Thank you very much.

I thank the distinguished Permanent Representative of Timor-Leste for his statement. And I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Libya on behalf of the Arab Group.

In the name of Allah, the Most Merciful, the Most Gracious, it is my honor to deliver the statement on behalf of the Arab Group. Madam Chair, the Arab Group wishes to express its appreciation to the ILC for its valuable work in the progressive development and codification of international law, and for the efforts undertaken in the preparation of the draft articles on the protection of persons in the event of disasters. The group considers that the draft articles help fill an existing legal gap in the international system. They provide a framework that enhances humanitarian response and international cooperation in the event of disasters, be they natural or human-made. The Arab Group emphasizes that this subject has acquired even greater importance in light of the increasing number of disasters worldwide, the growing severity of their impacts, and the worsening humanitarian crises resulting therefrom. The Arab Group appreciates the efforts made in preparing the draft articles and the humanitarian objectives they seek to achieve. We stress that the success of these efforts requires striking a delicate balance between the principle of national sovereignty and the need for effective international cooperation in responding to disasters. In this regard, the Group is guided by the principles set in General Assembly resolution 46/182, The resolution established the framework of reference for the provision of humanitarian assistance in disaster situations on the basis of respect for the sovereignty, territorial integrity, and national unity of states. This must be done in a manner that ensures that assistance is provided with the consent of the affected state. The group further underscores that the affected state bears the primary responsibility for the care of disaster victims disasters within its territories. We affirm also that the affected state has the leading role in initiating, organizing, coordinating, and implementing humanitarian assistance within its territory, while the role of the international community should be complementary and supportive of national efforts in a spirit of mutual respect and humanitarian solidarity. The Arab Group also reaffirms its rejection of the use of humanitarian assistance as a means of political pressure or as a tool for interference in the internal affairs of States. We note that relevant unilateral measures imposed by certain States may undermine the principle of international solidarity and impede the ability of affected States to respond effectively to disasters. The Arab Group welcomes the progress achieved within the preparatory process for the United Nations Conference of plenipotentiaries on a convention for the protection of persons in the event of disasters. We underscore the importance of considering governments' proposals in this regard. We further stress the importance of maintaining constructive engagement in the ongoing negotiations on the draft convention with a view to achieving a balanced international legal instrument that enjoys the broadest possible consensus. The Group regards this as a positive step towards strengthening the international legal framework in this field. This is also a step towards the adoption of a balanced legal instrument based on the principles of sovereignty, solidarity and international cooperation, thereby ensuring the protection of persons and the preservation of human dignity in the face of disasters, regardless of their source. The Group also notes its participation in the Prep Committee held from the 31st of August to the 4th of September 2026, which paved the way for convening the United Nations Conference of Plenipotentiaries on the Protection of Persons in the Event of Disasters. Thank you, Madam Chair.

I thank the distinguished representative of Libya for his statement, and I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Nigeria. on behalf of a core group of states on PPEd.

Madam Chair, I have the honor to speak on behalf of the core group of states on the protection of persons in the event of disasters, namely the Bahamas, Bangladesh, Colombia, Croatia, Hungary, Italy, Jamaica, Thailand, and my own country, Nigeria. The process towards a convention on the protection of persons in the event of disasters matters. Disasters are becoming more frequent and more severe, and their effects fall hardest on the countries least able to respond. Yet, there is still no global, legally binding instrument that sets out the rights and obligations of states and other actors when a disaster strikes. Assistance is governed by a fragmented set of bilateral arrangements, regional instruments, and non-binding guidelines. A convention would give affected states, assisting states, the United Nations, and other actors clear and predictable rules, respecting the sovereignty of the affected states while protecting the dignity and rights of affected persons. Madam Chair. The path to the conference is set out in the decisions of this Committee and the General Assembly. In 2016, the International Law Commission adopted draft rules and recommended the elaboration of a convention on their basis. Building on resolution 71/141 and 76/119, the General Assembly decided by resolution 79/128 of 4 December 2024 to conclude a legally binding instrument by the end of 2027, and by resolution 80/169 of 15 December 2025 to convene the Conference on Plenipotentiaries. The consolidated text following the resumed session of this Committee in April 2006 has now been referred to the Conference. The Core Group welcomes the successful conclusion of the Preparatory Committee held from 31 August to 4 September 2026, which adopted, in the spirit of consensus, the draft rules of procedure and other documents the Conference will need to begin its work. We thank its chair and the bureau, the codification division of the Office of the Legal Affairs, and delegations for this notable achievement. By decision 80/551 of 4th September 2026, the General Assembly decided that a conference shall meet in Bangkok from 25th January to 12th February 2027. We thank the Kingdom of Thailand, a member of this important group, for agreeing to host the conference at short notice, and the Philippines for its earlier offer. Madam Chair, the Core Group expects Member States to come to Bangkok ready to conclude the Convention. That means sending delegations with clear negotiating instructions and the authority to agree on text, engaging in good faith on the consolidated text with the flexibility needed to reach consensus, using the coming months to consult within and across regional groups, and once the convention is adopted, moving promptly to signature, ratification, and implementation in national law. Resolution 80/169 also emphasizes the widest possible and effective participation in the conference, in particular of developing countries. Many of the countries most exposed to disasters are developing countries, small island developing states, and least developing countries. We encourage states in a position to do so to contribute to the trust fund established to support attendance at the conference, and we thank those states have already contributed. Madam Chair, the preparatory work is complete. The consolidated text, the rules of procedure and the arrangements for the conference are in place. The Core Group expects that the conference in Bangkok will conclude a convention on the protection of persons in the event of disasters that commands the widest possible support. Such a convention will give states, the United Nations and other assisting actors a common legal basis for cooperation before, during and after disasters and place the dignity and rights of affected persons at its center. We count on all delegations to bring to Bangkok the same commitment they have shown in this Committee, and we look forward to adopting the Convention there in February 2027. I thank you, Madam Chair.

I thank the distinguished representative of Nigeria for the statement, and I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Australia on behalf of Cairns.

Thank you, Chair.

I have the honor today of speaking on behalf of Canada, New Zealand, and my own country, Australia. We reiterate our commitment to strengthening preparedness for and responses to humanitarian crises and working in a spirit of consensus to strengthen international cooperation on disaster preparedness, response, and recovery.

We look

forward to states' constructive engagement in negotiations on a treaty on the protection of persons in the event of disasters. Disasters are increasing in frequency, scale, and complexity, with profound impacts on lives, livelihoods, and sustainable development, particularly in small island developing states. These impacts are often felt most acutely by those in vulnerable situations, including persons with disabilities, women, children, indigenous peoples and remote communities. Protecting people, safeguarding human rights and strengthening resilience must therefore remain at the centre of our work. Cairns highlights the critical importance of practical cooperation in disaster management. Our countries have long-standing experience supporting disaster preparedness and response at the domestic, regional and international levels. We each have policies and mechanisms that prioritize readiness, early warning and early action, rapid and principled response, and protection of people affected by and responding to disasters. This experience has highlighted the importance of practical and flexible disaster management arrangements that can operate effectively across different jurisdictions, levels of government, and stakeholders. Timely information sharing, mutual assistance and effective coordination among affected and assisting states, regional and international organizations, and other humanitarian actors have proved invaluable, particularly before hazards become disasters. A negotiated instrument must work coherently with existing international legal frameworks at all stages of the disaster cycle, avoid duplication, strengthen existing arrangements, and contribute to an effective international legal framework for states and other responders.

We look forward to working with all delegations and participating civil society organizations

to identify and collate best practices best adapted to strengthening practical international cooperation and improving outcomes for persons affected by disasters. Finally, we extend our warm thanks to the Kingdom of Thailand for hosting the negotiating conference and to the Bureau of the Preparatory Committee for their diligent work in preparations for the negotiating conference next year. Thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative of Australia for her statement. And I give the floor to the distinguished permanent representative of Finland on behalf of the Nordic countries.

Thank you very much, Chair. I indeed have the honor to speak on behalf of the five Nordic countries, Denmark, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, and my own country, Finland. We are witnessing an increase in the number and scale of disasters across the globe. causing immense suffering and damage. This will continue to be further exacerbated by climate change. The currently strengthening El Nino, occurring against the backdrop of long-term climate warming, is expected to increase the risks of drought, flooding, extreme heat, and other hazards in several regions with potentially serious humanitarian consequences. We need to face these challenges together. The decision taken by this committee and the resolution adopted by the General Assembly to move forward with the elaboration of a legally binding instrument on the protection of persons in the event of disasters is an important step and opportunity for further progress in this area of international law. The Nordic countries are firm supporters of further strengthening the international disaster relief and humanitarian assistance system. Enhanced international cooperation in all phases of disasters will help reduce risks and ensure that the needs of persons affected by disasters are met in a timely manner. The Nordic countries consider that the draft articles, as adopted by the International Law Commission, provide a solid basis for negotiations. We have also submitted joint written proposals for amendments to the draft articles. Chair, balancing the sovereign rights of the affected states and the need for international assistance in order to protect persons affected by disasters is at the very heart of the negotiations on the future legally binding instrument. The Nordic countries consider that the ILC draft articles have succeeded in finding an appropriate balance. There is broader agreement among delegations that the affected state has the primary role in disaster relief assistance efforts on their territory, and that external assistance cannot be provided without the affected state's consent. Still, sovereignty entails not only rights, but also responsibilities towards affected populations. By requiring that such consent shall not be withheld arbitrarily, the draft articles reflect the dual nature of sovereignty as entailing both rights and responsibilities. This is also reflected in draft article 11 in the duty of an affected state to seek external assistance when needs clearly exceed domestic resources. This means that withholding requests for assistance when it is manifestly required, would be inconsistent with responsible governance. The Nordic countries also support that affected state may place conditions on external assistance, provided these conditions uphold humanitarian principles, respect international law, including international humanitarian law, and address the needs of affected persons. Such conditions are also important from the point of view of preserving principled humanitarian assistance. Chair, the draft articles underline that disaster response shall be undertaken in accordance with humanitarian principles, including to assist persons most in need, especially those in the most vulnerable situations. The Nordic countries emphasize the need to preserve principled humanitarian assistance throughout the instrument, as principled humanitarian assistance provided by neutral humanitarian actors best translates into humanitarian access on the ground. Draft Article 3 on the use of terms is crucial in this regard, and the Nordic countries have made several proposals for amendments. Humanitarian principles include the principles of humanity, neutrality, impartiality, and independence. Independence signifies autonomy of humanitarian objectives from political, economic, military, or other objectives, and should also be included in draft article six, as has been proposed by a large number of delegations. The Nordic countries have also emphasized that response to disasters should take place in accordance with the do no harm principle in order to prevent and alleviate any adverse consequences of disaster relief assistance to the persons affected by disasters and to the environment. The Nordic countries have consistently highlighted the importance of preserving the integrity of international humanitarian law. In addition to our continued support to current draft article 18, we are pleased that there has been wide agreement across delegations that regarding the definition of disaster in article 3A, a situation of armed conflict should not be qualified per se as a disaster for purposes of the future convention. Chair, it is important that draft articles reflect the centrality of the principle of human dignity and that the future convention also recalls the duty of states to respect, protect and fulfill human rights. Persons are at their most vulnerable in times of disasters and therefore preventing human rights violations and abuses and actively fulfilling human rights are of utmost importance. We would also wish to reiterate the importance of integrating a gender perspective and taking into consideration those in the most vulnerable situations in all disaster-related efforts to ensure that assistance and protection are provided without discrimination. For example, persons with disabilities are often disproportionately affected by disasters. The Nordic countries also emphasize that the identified needs of affected persons should be adequately considered throughout different phases of the response, including when external assistance is terminated, to ensure continuity and prevent any gaps in the response. The Nordic countries also see merit in highlighting the important role of assisting actors in disaster risk management, including components of the Red Cross and Red Crescent movement, as well as the important role played by local, state and non-state actors, including women-led organizations. Chair, prevention remains key. The obligation of states to take appropriate measures including through legislation and regulation, to prevent, mitigate and prepare for disasters is an important aspect of the ILC draft articles. This is not only a legal imperative, but also a practical necessity in the face of disasters. The Nordic countries support draft article 9 on reduction of the risk of disasters as drafted. Chair, in conclusion, the Nordic countries wish to reiterate our commitment to engaging constructively in the negotiations at the upcoming United Nations Conference on Plenipotentiaries on Protection of Persons in the Event of Disasters. The Nordic countries will strive for an effective and inclusive instrument that strengthens international cooperation while upholding respect for state sovereignty and the dignity and rights of affected populations. We look forward to working with all delegations to advance this important agenda. I thank you.

I thank the distinguished Permanent Representative of Finland for her statement. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of the United Kingdom.

Thank you, Chair. Throughout 2026, we have continued to see the impact of disasters. The UK remains steadfast in our long-standing commitment to providing assistance directly or through partners in humanitarian emergencies. For example, in August of this year, catastrophic floods and landslides struck Nepal and China, and the UK provided immediate and life-saving support to assist the people of Nepal, supporting local partners in the hardest hit areas of the floods and landslides. More broadly, humanitarian needs remain near historic highs, and disaster risks continue to grow. Floods, earthquakes, landslides, wildfires, and other hazards are becoming increasingly complex and destructive. Poor and marginalized communities and groups, including women and girls and those living in fragile and lower-income contexts, continue to be disproportionately affected when disasters destroy homes, damage infrastructure, wipe out livelihoods, and disrupt essential services. Against this backdrop, the UK emphasizes that states should prioritize early and anticipatory action so they are ready to respond effectively when disasters occur. This can help reduce humanitarian need and build resilience in communities to recover quickly. We are therefore pleased that the rules of procedure for the negotiating conference on the protection of persons in the event of disasters were agreed at last month's PrepCom, and we welcome the resolution adopted by the General Assembly to accept the generous offer by the government of Thailand to host the conference. We recognize the significant and enduring role played by the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement in the protection of persons in the event of disasters. We also recognize the continued role played by international civil society organizations in striving to reduce disaster risk and assist populations affected by disasters. We are therefore pleased that we adopted a decision in the Preparatory Committee which allows for the participation of international civil society organizations in the Conference. To further support inclusive participation in the conference, the UK was pleased to make a contribution to the trust fund established by the Secretary-General for the Office of Legal Affairs to support developing countries, in particular the least developed countries and small island developing states, in attending the conference. Finally, the UK was pleased to submit proposals for amendments to the draft articles at the end of last year, and we have considered with interest the proposals submitted by other States and the statements made in the working group in April. We look forward to working with other States at the conference to elaborate and conclude a legally binding instrument on the protection of persons in the event of disasters.

I thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative of the United Kingdom for his statement, and I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Somalia.

Madam Chair, since it is the first time Somalia is taking the floor, I would like to first congratulate you, Ambassador Trishala Persaud, on your election. as chair of the Sixth Committee and assures you and the Bureau of our full cooperation. Somalia aligns itself with the statement delivered on behalf of the African Group and offers the following additional remarks. The forthcoming conference in Bangkok presents an opportunity to establish a coherent legal framework for disaster prevention and assistance. The treaty should clarify responsibilities, give concrete content to international cooperation, and ensure that its obligations can be implemented effectively.

Somalia emphasizes three priorities for the treaty's development.

First, prevention must have substantive legal content.

Draft Article 9 provides an important foundation by addressing disaster risk reduction.

The treaty should connect risk assessment, early warning, and preparedness through clear responsibilities for competent national authorities. These measures should form a continuous framework for identifying foreseeable risks and taking appropriate action informed by the Sendai framework.

Second, the duty to cooperate must extend beyond a general declaration of solidarity.

Under draft article 7, Somalia supports expressly identifying technology transfer, capacity building, technical expertise, and early warning systems as areas of cooperation. The treaty should address cooperation before, during, and after disasters, including information sharing where risks cross borders. Its provisions should connect national implementation with sustained international support. Third, the treaty must provide legal clarity for the provision of assistance.

The affected state's.

Primary role in consent should anchor a framework that also defines the responsibilities of assisting states and other assisting actors.

Procedures for requesting, offering, accepting, and terminating assistance should be clear, alongside arrangements for facilitating relief personnel, equipment, and supplies. This would strengthen predictability, coordination, and accountability. These provisions must be read together with the protection of human dignity, human rights, and humanitarian principles. The treaty should ensure assistance without discrimination, address the needs of persons in vulnerable situations, and preserve applicable international humanitarian law. Its relationship with existing treaties and regional arrangements should be sufficiently clear to support consistent implementation. The negotiations should produce an instrument whose obligations are precise, whose procedures are workable, and whose implementation is supported by adequate capacity.

Somalia looks forward to contributing to a balanced.

Treaty that strengthens prevention, makes cooperation effective, and secures meaningful protection for persons affected by disasters. I thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative of Somalia for her statement, and I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Portugal.

Thank you, Madam Chair. Portugal aligns itself with the statement delivered by Timor-Leste on behalf of the community of Portuguese-speaking countries and the statement delivered on behalf of the European Union and its member states, and would like to offer a few additional remarks in its national capacity. Madam Chair, Portugal has consistently emphasized the importance of respecting and protecting the human dignity and human rights of persons affected by disasters. This matter becomes more urgent as we continue to witness states having to deal with the effects of many disasters. Building on the decision taken by the General Assembly at its 79th session to elaborate and conclude a legally binding instrument on the protection of persons in the event of disasters, the adoption of resolution 80/169 has brought this process into a new phase. Portugal therefore welcomes the decision of the General Assembly to convene the United Nations Conference of Plenipotentiaries on Protection of Persons in the Event of Disasters. Madam Chair, Portugal also wishes to express its appreciation for the resumed session of the Sixth Committee held last April within the framework of a working group, which allowed delegations to engage in a focused and substantive exchange on the draft articles prepared by the International Law Commission. My delegation also wishes to express its appreciation to the Secretary-General for the report compiling the proposals for amendments to the draft articles submitted by governments, and to the Secretariat for its work in finalizing the consolidated text that has been referred to the Conference for its consideration. The consolidated text provides a transparent and valuable basis for the negotiations ahead. Madam Chair, allow me to briefly recall some of the suggestions put forward by Portugal during the resumed session and in our subsequent written proposals. Throughout this process, our delegation has remained open to finding ways to improve the text prepared by the ILC while preserving its overall balance. In particularly, we would like to note that while the ILC definition of disaster refers to mass displacement, no further reference to this issue is made in the draft articles. In our view, displacement deserves further consideration in the future instrument. Our written proposals also emphasize the need to strengthen disaster risk reduction and preparedness dimension, including through greater attention to public awareness, contingency planning, evacuations, and planned relocations, while ensuring that the future instrument adequately addresses the different phases of the disaster cycle. Furthermore, my delegation proposed inclusion of a meeting of the parties as an institutional follow-up mechanism with a view to reviewing implementation, considering further measures needed to give effect to the future multilateral convention, and facilitating cooperation among States Parties and other relevant humanitarian and relief actors. Madam Chair, Portugal welcomes the work carried out by the Preparatory Committee, which constituted another important step towards the Conference and helped prepare the ground for the substantive negotiations ahead. Portugal will approach the Conference in a spirit of dialogue and compromise, with a view to concluding a multilateral convention on protection of persons in the event of disasters that is coherent, operational and broadly acceptable. Portugal stands ready to contribute constructively to the success of the conference. I thank you, Madam Chair.

I thank the distinguished representative of Portugal for the statement, and I give the floor to the distinguished permanent representative of Uruguay on behalf of CELAC.

Madam Chair, I have the honor to speak on behalf of the 33 member states of the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States, CELAC. CELAC welcomes the progress made since the adoption of General Assembly resolution 79/128, by which the Assembly decided to elaborate and conclude a legally binding instrument on the protection of persons in the event of disasters. It also welcomes the subsequent adoption of resolution 80/169, which convened the United Nations Conference of Plenipotentiaries on the Protection of Persons in the Event of Disasters. with a view to elaborating and concluding that instrument. The Member States of CELAC have consistently attached the utmost importance to this agenda item. Our region is particularly exposed to disasters of various kinds and continues to face their increasingly severe humanitarian, social and economic consequences. For CELAC delegations, strengthening the international legal framework for the protection of persons in the event of disasters is therefore particularly important in order to enhance preparedness, reduce and mitigate disaster risk, provide humanitarian responses, and place the protection of human dignity and the well-being of affected persons at the center of humanitarian cooperation and assistance. Madam Chair, CELAC acknowledges the important work carried out by the International Law Commission on this topic and particularly values the draft articles on the protection of persons in the event of disasters, which form the basis of the process before us. We also appreciate the comments, observations and proposed amendments submitted by delegations concerning the draft articles. which have helped to enrich the discussions and identify areas of convergence as well as issues requiring further consideration. In this context, CELAC welcomes the work undertaken during the resumed session of the Sixth Committee in April 2026, as well as the work of its preparatory committee. These processes enabled States to continue examining the draft articles and the proposals submitted by governments, and resulted in a consolidated text transmitted to the Conference as the basis for the negotiations to be conducted within that framework. CELAC welcomes the decision of the General Assembly that the United Nations Conference of Plenipotentiaries on the Protection of Persons in the Event of Disasters will be held in Bangkok, Thailand, from 25 January to 12 February 2027. and, if necessary, for an additional two-week period, the dates and venue of which will be determined at a later stage. We express our gratitude to the Government of Thailand for its generous offer to host the Conference. Madam Chair, looking ahead to the Conference, CELAC reiterates the importance of ensuring an open, inclusive and transparent process, with the broadest and most effective possible participation of States, particularly developing countries. We consider that constructive participation and a commitment to seeking consensus will be essential to our collective efforts to elaborate and conclude an effective and balanced legally binding instrument, fully respecting the sovereignty of States, as well as the primary role of the affected State, and that can command the broadest possible support. The Member States of CELAC are ready to participate constructively in the negotiations to be held in Bangkok. We look forward to building on the work undertaken by the International Law Commission, the Sixth Committee and the Preparatory Committee, with the common objective of strengthening the international legal framework for the protection of persons in the event of disasters and keeping the dignity, needs and well-being of affected persons at the centre of our efforts, paying particular attention to the needs of persons in vulnerable situations and the differentiated impact of disasters. Thank you very much.

I thank the distinguished Permanent Representative of Uruguay for her statement. We heard our last speaker on this item for this morning. We will continue the debate on agenda item 88, United Nations Conference of Plenipotentiaries on Protection of Persons in the Event of Disasters, at 3:00 p.m. this afternoon. The meeting is adjourned.