Sixth Committee, 25th plenary meeting - General Assembly, 81st session

This committee this afternoon will continue and finish.

Its debate on item 77 of the agenda, UN Program of Assistance on the Teaching, Study, Dissemination, and Wider Appreciation of International Law. following which we will turn to the consideration of agenda item 83, report of the Special Committee on the Charter of the United Nations and on the Strengthening of the Role of the Organization, which was rescheduled from last week. Distinguished delegates, let us now continue with the debate on agenda item 77, the United Nations program of assistance in the teaching, study, dissemination, and wider appreciation of international law. I draw your attention to the report of the Secretary-General on the topic, which is contained in document A/81/417, which is available on the website of the Sixth Committee. Please recall the decision taken at our first meeting that statements delivered in a national capacity should be limited to seven minutes, while statements by groups of states will be limited to 12 minutes. Delegations are strongly encouraged to adhere to the time limits. I give the floor to the first speaker on my list, the distinguished representative of Indonesia. You have the floor, sir.

Thank you, Madam Chair. Indonesia aligns itself with the statements delivered by the Philippines on behalf of ASEAN, the Islamic Republic of Iran on behalf of the Non-Aligned Movement, and Uruguay on behalf of G77 and China. Indonesia thanks the Secretary-General for his report in document A/81/417. We note the increasing number of applicants to the programme's training courses, as also recognized by the Advisory Committee. This reflects strong interest and the genuine need of states to strengthen the foundations of the international legal order, especially in these challenging and complex times. We commend the Advisory Committee for sustaining the program despite a difficult liquidity situation. Madam Chair, in that spirit, Indonesia would like to stress three key points. First, the program is instrumental in bridging between international law and national legal practice. In Indonesia, Law Number 24 of 2000 on international agreements governs how treaties are concluded and ratified. and their effective implementation requires officials with the knowledge and expertise on both international and national legal systems. This is where the program matters most, by equipping those who make this happen: legislators, judges, diplomats, and government lawyers. especially from developing countries, directly benefits on the knowledge and capacity that this program helps to build. Second, strengthening international cooperation and partnerships. The program provides a valuable platform for sharing legal expertise and strengthening the capacities of developing countries. This year's liquidity constraints affected the regional courses. with the Asia-Pacific course ultimately supported through extra-budgetary resources. Indonesia therefore supports stronger cooperation among member states and partners, including through voluntary contributions, expert exchanges, and institutional partnerships to sustain the program and broaden its accessibility, particularly for developing countries. We also emphasize the critical need of adequate regular budget funding of the program's core activities as proposed for 2027, complemented by voluntary contributions with fair access for participants from developing countries. Third, harnessing digital developments to disseminate international law and enrich its resources. The ILF's library with more than 600 lectures, now reaches wider audiences through podcasts, streaming platforms and transcripts. We emphasize the significant importance of the recurrent and ad hoc United Nations legal publications produced by the Codification Division. We support efforts to strengthen these resources, including through digital tools and artificial intelligence. This would make them more accessible, available in more languages and reflective of diverse regions and legal systems. Madam Chair, Indonesia remains committed to advancing international law education and dissemination nationally while further strengthening its constructive engagement to the program. I thank you, Madam Chair.

I thank the distinguished representative. of Indonesia for that statement. And I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Cuba. Are you ready? I think our Cuban colleague is ready. You have the floor, sir.

Thank you very much, distinguished Chair. Just one minute, please. Thank you very much, Madam Chair, and I do apologize for the delay. Cuba aligns itself with the statement made by the delegation of Iran on behalf of the Non-Aligned Movement, and by Uruguay on behalf of the G77 and China. And in our national capacity, we wish to make the following comments. The United Nations program of assistance in the teaching, study, dissemination, and wider appreciation of international law is a significant contribution to the promotion of the rule of law on both the national and international levels. Delving into study of the substantive norms of international law is a necessary step in order to ensure better compliance with them. At the same time, it fosters a boosting of international peace and security and promotes friendly relations and cooperation between states. For developing countries, the international courses are an effective platform for learning about international law, while knowledge and understanding of their substantive norms are an absolute need in order for them to be complied with. And that's why we underscore the quality of the courses that I've actually attended in my personal capacity in the summer school that took place in The Hague, the seminar offered by the International Law Commission and the Hamilton, Shirley Hamilton, Fellow Special Fellowship, Memorial Fellowship on the Law of the Sea. My delegation also recognizes the fantastic work of the Codification Division of the OLA on the Program of Assistance. Madam Chair, the program has been an effective tool that jurists, academics, and diplomats, and other officials from developing countries have benefited from. However, we must underscore that many small and developing countries aren't able to participate in the courses or the fellowships. In this regard, we reiterate how important it is to ensure that the activities of the assistance programme are included in the ordinary budget of the Organization to facilitate the participation of our countries. Thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative of Cuba for that statement and for his flexibility as well in taking the floor so quickly. And I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Burkina Faso. You have the floor, sir.

Thank you, Madam Chair. Burkina Faso aligns itself with the statement delivered by Cameroon, Uruguay, and Iran, respectively, on behalf of the African Group, G77 and China, and the Non-Aligned Movement, and would like to present the following comments in its national capacity. My delegation commends the commitment of the Codification Division of the Office of Legal Affairs for implementing the Programme of Assistance through various activities that it conducts each year. International law and multilateralism are undergoing an unprecedented crisis of legitimacy, marked by the return of unilateral balances of power. In this context, the UN Programme of Assistance for teaching, study, dissemination, and a wider appreciation of international law is an opportunity for all states, especially developing countries. Madam Chair, my delegation takes note of report A/81/417 of the Secretary-General of the UN, which highlights activities implemented under the programme of assistance for the reporting period. We have noted in particular the organization and conduct of regional courses and the International Law Fellowship Program, as well as the drafting publication of documents, updating and enriching of the audio visual library of international law, as well as the website of the program of assistance. In addition, my delegation welcomes the holding of the 61st session of the Advisory Committee for the POA on October 6, 2026, and encourages the OLA to implement the recommendations that were issued by members of the committee. Distinguished delegates, from my country, the POA plays a crucial role in promoting peace, human rights, and international cooperation. The dissemination of international law contributes to consolidating rule of law and to promoting friendly relations between states. The program has contributed to creating, since its establishment, a network of experts that hold that respecting rule of law can help prevent conflict, guarantee peaceful dispute settlement, and build a multilateralism based upon rule of law. Since its establishment, the program of assistance has made a number of strides that ought to be preserved and built upon. That is why we are so concerned about the negative impact of the liquidity crisis and the overall budget situation of the UN on this program. It is crucial that this program of assistance have sufficient and predictable resources in order to maintain and step up its efforts toward the diversification and expansion of the number of beneficiaries as well as maintaining multilingualism. To be more effective, my delegation believes that the program could also focus on holding or providing specific technical assistance programs for countries that are most in need of them. These programs could include the holding of technical assistance missions to bolster the capacity of legal services that are concerned with the treaty regimes in states. In addition, the diversity and number of resources available online is quite impressive, including the series of conferences, the International Law Handbook, and the historical archives. Besides this, the program could develop innovative dissemination mechanisms targeted at universities and national training centers throughout the world. Madam Chair, distinguished delegates, in closing, Burkina Faso reaffirms its support for the program of assistance, expresses its gratitude to contributors and host countries for activities, and invites member states to step up their support to ensure the sustainability and expansion of this program. Thank you.

I thank the distinguished delegate of Burkina Faso for that statement, and I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Ireland. You have the floor, sir.

Chair. Ireland is grateful to the Secretary-General for his report on the implementation of the United Nations Programme of Assistance in the Teaching, Study, Dissemination and Wider Appreciation of International Law. Ireland thanks the Advisory Committee for assisting the Secretary-General in the exercise of the functions entrusted to him by the General Assembly in relation to the Programme. We are concerned by the ongoing impact of the liquidity situation on the implementation of the programme. We note that although the programme is funded by the UN's regular budget, it is clear that voluntary contributions continue to be needed. Ireland has regularly made such contributions to the programme. Ireland believes that better knowledge of international law can assist in pursuing the principles and purposes of the United Nations. most notably the maintenance of international peace and security and the development of friendly relations among nations. It is for this reason that Ireland is a committed supporter of the Programme of Assistance and acknowledges the Programme's role as a core function of the United Nations. I would like to mention some aspects of the Programme's activities which Ireland has supported. First, Ireland acknowledges the importance of the International Law Fellowship Programme and the UN regional courses in international law. These fellowships and courses are an important resource for young professionals from developing countries and can strengthen and enhance national capacities in international law. They provide a solid structure for young professionals to develop their legal knowledge and to build a network of contacts that can provide mutually beneficial opportunities during their career. Secondly, Ireland appreciates the importance of the United Nations Audiovisual Library of International Law. This invaluable resource extends the reach and scope of the programme of assistance through its series of high quality and informative lectures. Finally, Ireland values the Hamilton Shirley Amerasinghe Memorial Fellowship on the Law of the Sea, which contributes to the enhancement of specialized knowledge of oceans and maritime law. Ireland is pleased to support these initiatives, as well as the programme of assistance in general, and remains strongly committed to its valuable work. Thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative of Ireland for that statement. And I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Thailand. You have the floor, sir.

Madam Chair, Thailand aligns itself with the statements delivered by the distinguished representatives of Iran on behalf of the Non-Aligned Movement and the Philippines on behalf of ASEAN. We thank the Secretary-General for his report on the implementation of the Programme of Assistance. We also commend the Codification Division of the Office of Legal Affairs for its steadfast commitment to delivering the program, despite the constraints of the current liquidity situation. Madam Chair, the program of assistance is vital. By making the rules and principles that govern our international system accessible to all, the program strengthens the rule of law at both national and international levels, fosters friendly relations, and directly supports our collective efforts to maintain international peace and security. Thailand deeply appreciates the United Nations regional courses in international law. These courses provide an invaluable opportunity for professionals from across Africa, the Asia-Pacific, and Latin America and the Caribbean to learn from leading scholars and practitioners, expand networks, and exchange best practices. For developing countries, opportunities of this caliber are rarely within easy reach. Thailand is proud of its longstanding partnership with the Codification Division, having co-hosted the regional course for the Asia-Pacific in Bangkok for almost 15 years. We look forward to welcoming this year's participants to Bangkok from the 23rd of November to the 16th of December. For us, the regional course is a direct investment in the future of international law. Thailand reaffirms its readiness to continue this partnership with the Office of Legal Affairs for many years to come. Yet, this success is under strain. We note with grave concern the impact of the United Nations liquidity crisis on the program's activities. The consistently strong demand for both the regional courses and the International Law Fellowship Programme is clear proof of their enduring relevance and of what is at stake if they are curtailed. Thailand strongly urges that adequate and predictable resources, especially from the regular budget, be secured for the full and effective implementation of the activities planned for the next reporting period. Madam Chair, Thailand commends the Codification Division for strengthening the Audiovisual Library of International Law and extending its reach through podcasts. Thanks to these accessible digital formats, the library's lectures, historical archives, and research materials now carry international legal knowledge far beyond the traditional classroom. As international law evolves to keep pace with a changing world, so too must our methods of dissemination. Thailand strongly encourages the continued use of digital technology. In-person training remains irreplaceable as it provides opportunities for direct discussion and exchange, but online capacity building is a powerful complement. Together, they promote genuinely inclusive access to knowledge and ensure that no one is left behind. Finally, Thailand highly values the work of the Advisory Committee on the Programme of Assistance and appreciates the opportunity to participate in its meetings as an observer. With growing interest among Member States in contributing to the Programme, we believe it may be timely to explore ways to enable broader participation in the Advisory Committee's work. Madam Chair, for decades, the Programme of Assistance has made international law more accessible to government officials practitioners, academics, students, and the wider public. Its mission is as crucial today as when it was first established. Thailand reiterates its unwavering support for the program of assistance. This is not only a matter of principle, but it is reflected in the part that we are proud to have played, particularly as host of the Asia-Pacific Regional Course. We stand ready to work alongside fellow member states and the codification division to advance the implementation of the program as well as the rule of law and international peace and security. I thank you, Madam Chair.

I thank the distinguished delegate of Thailand for that statement and give the floor to the distinguished representative of the Democratic Republic of Laos. You have the floor.

Madam Chair. At the outset, I would like to express its appreciation and congratulations to you and other Bureau members on your election to the lead, the Sixth Committee of the 81st session. My delegation assures you of our support and cooperation. The Lao PDR comments the report on the United Nations program of assistance in the teaching, study, dissemination, and wider appreciation of international law. We are pleased to note that the assistance program has made a significant contribution in enhancing capacity building and international law, networking for member states to foster a better understanding of international law. The Lao PDR recognized that the codification division of the Office of Legal Affairs is responsible for the implementation of the program of assistance. and to ensure the rule of law plays a vital role in addressing global challenges, ensuring international peace and security, and advancing sustainable development, particularly Goal 16 on promoting peaceful, inclusive societies, access to justice for all, and building effective, accountable institutions. Therefore, Building capacity in international law is an essential task to further deepen knowledge and understanding of international law in member states for promoting and strengthening the rule of law at national and international levels. On this note, the Lao PDR is welcome the effort made by the Office of Legal Affairs to implement activity under the International Law Fellowship Program and to further develop the audio-visual library of international law. Madam Chair, the Lao PDR notes with appreciation the contribution made by the program to strengthen the capacity of international law for member states. particularly for developing countries. We, therefore, strongly encourage the United Nations to continue to implement this program by increasing the number of fellows, particularly the least developed countries, landlocked developing countries, and small island developing countries, and promote think online and offline public access to information on international laws. On this note, greater financial assistance is important to ensure the sustainability of the program. We thank all contributed countries and organizations for the support given in the past years. Furthermore, The Lao PDR has organized a series of the works of on awareness raising on public international law, international human rights law, and international humanitarian law for the government officials, school of laws, and other stakeholders at the central and local levels. to enhance their understanding, mandates, and obligations for the implementation of domestic law and international law as a whole. Madam Chair, to conclude, my delegation reaffirms our commitment to full support to the program. The Lao PDR is committed to continue working closely with international partners to participate actively for wider appreciation of international law. I thank you, Madam Chair.

I thank the distinguished delegate of the Lao People's Democratic Republic for that statement. And I now give the floor to the distinguished delegate of Gabon. You have the floor, madam.

Madame Chair, my delegation lines itself with the statement made by the representative of Cameroon on behalf of the African group, as well as the one delivered by Iran on behalf of the non-aligned movement. We thank Secretary Donoghue for the report that was presented, and we commend his determination to make this issue a priority for Member States, especially for developing countries. I also would like to commend the consistent and laudable efforts of the Codification Division of the Office of Legal Affairs in implementing the programme of assistance. Last thing, my delegation would like to commend the leadership and skillful Guidance of Ghana, which is the initiator as well as the sponsor and coordinator of this issue since the very beginning. Madam Chair, international law is the foundation of good relations between states, and strengthening rule of law requires taking into account the need to promote and disseminate international law so that it can be better led and owned by states. The training provided through regional courses and workshops is vital because it is based upon a structured approach that combines theory, practice, and active interaction without setting aside aspects such as the management of applications, hosting of participants, as well as establishing an environment of trust, handling the timing and group dynamics, all of these significant efforts that have been undertaken by the Codification Division should be commended. The various activities for training and internships, as well as the fellowship program for international law, benefit from the experience of many legal scholars, diplomats, students, academics, and practitioners, especially in developing countries. The 407 applications for 2026 from 31 countries speak volumes about the importance of these programs. Madam Chair, my country is pleased that among the 22 participants, 11 women and 11 men in the program, 19 come from Africa, 20 received a fellowship, and two were self-funded. And this demonstrates the importance of this program in bolstering knowledge and competencies in international law, especially for nationals coming from developing countries. Madam Chair, the Gabonese delegation, however, would like to underscore the need to guarantee that the Program of Assistance has sufficient, stable, and predictable financing, allowing it to continue carrying out its activities over four continents. In this regard, maintaining the annual timing of the regional courses and the fellowship program seems crucial to us. Moving them to a two-year timeline due to budgetary restrictions at the UN runs the risk of considerably reducing opportunities for training provided to beneficiaries. And this change would especially impact candidates from developing countries for whom these programs often are an exceptional opportunity or even a unique one to have access to high level specialized training in international law. Therefore, it is crucial to ensure that financial constraints do not exacerbate existing disparities in access to training in international law. Madam Chair, at a time when the digital transformation is radically changing forms of learning, training, and the dissemination of knowledge, our delegation encourages the development of digital tools and resources. However, we believe that this change should not take place at the expense of physical media, which remain crucial for countries and regions where access to internet remains limited, irregular, or costly. Ensuring complementarity between digital and printed resources is vital to guarantee truly inclusive access to the program's activities. In the same spirit, Gabon encourages strengthening partnerships with universities, training institutes, as well as regional organizations, especially the African Union. Madam Chair, in closing, my delegation would like to commend the United Nations for strengthening its methods for promoting and disseminating international law, and especially for the focus placed on the process of establishing, adhering to, and implementing multilateral treaties. Thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative of Gabon for that statement, and I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Colombia. You have the floor, madam.

Thank you, Madam Chair. Madam Chair, the Colombian delegation thanks the Secretary-General for the presentation of his report on the implementation of the United Nations Programme of Assistance, as well as the recommendations made for the future development of its activities. Colombia also expresses its gratitude to the Codification Division for the ongoing implementation of this programme that, over its 60 years of existence, has contributed to the strengthening of knowledge of an understanding of international law in all regions of the world my delegation reiterates its firm support to this program established by the General Assembly as one of the fundamental tools of the United Nations to promote the study teaching and dissemination of international law for Colombia broad and inclusive access to international legal knowledge is an essential element to strengthen the rule of law, cooperation between states and multilateralism. Colombia warmly welcomes the fact that the regional courses on international law have continued, as well as the International Law Fellowship Programme, which are initiatives that continue to provide excellent training opportunities to professionals from developing countries. My delegation wishes to particularly underscore the value of the regional course for Latin America and the Caribbean as a space for academic exchange. strengthening capacities, building professional networks, and all of these contribute to the development of a regional legal community that is more robust and diverse. Colombia underscores our satisfaction with the participation of Colombian professionals, both in the regional course of Latin America and the Caribbean in 2026, as well as the fellowship program on international law in The Hague. These opportunities reflect the concrete impact that the program continues to have on the strengthening of national capacities. international law and on the training of a new generation of trained professionals. My delegation also wishes to underscore the contribution of the International Law Audiovisual Library that is a benchmark resource for students, academics, diplomats and public officials. Colombia particularly appreciates the efforts made to expand access to its content through through new digital tools, including conferences online, electronic publications and innovative broadcast formats like podcasts that allow international law to be brought to even broader audiences. Nevertheless, we do share the concern expressed in the Advisory Committee on the budgetary challenges that continue to have an impact on the implementation of UN activities. Colombia believes that it's essential for the program to have sustainable and predictable financing from the UN regular budget, complemented with voluntary contributions in order to ensure its stability, continuity, and future expansion. In this regard, Colombia appreciates efforts geared towards expanding the geographic scope of the program and to ensure a balanced participation of professionals from different legal systems, regions, and development contexts. For my delegation, it's also important to continue to promote geographic diversity and gender diversity among the participants, teachers, and experts who contribute to these activities. Madam Chair, as a member of the Advisory Committee, Colombia reaffirms its commitment to continue to support initiatives to strengthen teaching, study, and dissemination of international law. And in this regard, we support all efforts geared towards expanding alliances with universities, think tanks, and other academic institutions in order to increase the impact and relevance of the activities undertaken. Furthermore, we urge the Secretariat to continue to make the most of the opportunities that new technologies offer to expand the reach of the programme, including the use of digital platforms, audio-visual materials, publications online, and other innovative tools that allow international law to be brought to increasingly broad and diverse audiences. For its part, Colombia wishes to underscore the initiative of the International Law Academy of The Hague that, in collaboration with the Government of Colombia, has set forth a new programme of courses on international law for Latin America and the Caribbean, whose first edition took place between the 10th and 20th of March 2026 in the Colombian city of Cartagena, with the support of the University of Cartagena, the Spanish Agency for International Cooperation, the AECID. This initiative is a valuable contribution to the strengthening of academic and professional capacities in international law in the region, promoting also an exchange between different legal traditions. We're delighted to announce that in coordination with the Hague International Law Academy, we plan to organize a second edition of the program in Cartagena next year. The relevant details will be shared by the Hague Academy. Columbia thanks them for their support, um, that prestigious institution. Thank you and reiterate our commitment to the promotion of spaces for legal training. and inclusive access for our region. Finally, Colombia reaffirms that the assistance program is an essential tool for the strengthening of legal multilateralism, the promotion of peace, and the strengthening of the rule of law on both the national and international levels. This is why my delegation reiterates its support to all initiatives geared towards ensuring the continuity, sustainability, and expansion of this program, convinced that promoting Knowledge on international law remains an essential condition if we are to tackle contemporary challenges and strengthen cooperation between states. What's more, this year, as we celebrate the 60th anniversary of the program, Columbia recognizes its historic contribution to training generations of jurists, diplomats, and public officials across the world, and we reaffirm our commitment to strengthening it into the future. Thank you very much.

I thank the distinguished delegate of Colombia for that statement, and now I give the floor to the distinguished representative of the Islamic Republic of Iran. You have the floor, sir.

BASHAR ZARIF, IRANIAN DEPUTY FOREIGN MINISTER: Thank you, Madam Chair. At the outset, I wish to express my appreciation to the chair of the committee and to the secretariat for their efforts in promoting the program of assistance. For more than 60 years, the program of assistance has been a fundamental pillar of the United Nations efforts to promote a better understanding of international law. Its important contributions to the teaching and dissemination of international law for the benefit of legal professionals from all countries, legal systems, and regions of the world continues to be of great value. Madam Chair, the Regional Courses and Fellowship Program provide a valuable setting for participants to exchange their views, share experiences and ideas on various areas of international law. We are pleased to hear that there is a growing interest among young generation of diplomats and lawyers to the program thanks to the efforts of the Secretariat despite the challenges. While we understand the severe liquidity challenges facing the organization, which undermines the effective delivery of its mandates. Given the significance of the program, it is essential to explore possible appropriate avenues to overcome this challenge in future. This is our joint commitment to future generation of diplomats and international lawyers, and in our view, that is not a cost, but an investment in promoting international law and the rule of law at the international level. Madam Chair, on lecturers, as geographical representation among participants is being considered by the organizers of the courses and the fellowships, geographical representation among lecturers should also be taken into account. Composition of lecturers should also represent various principal legal systems of the world, in particular, those of developing countries. The UN Digital Library and the Yearbook of the United Nations are two valuable repositories containing a multitude of works collected and examined by the UN over the course of its history. This capacity could be employed for the purposes of the program as appropriate. Finally, any potential reform or arrangements, including through UN80, should not prejudice the General Assembly established mandates for this program. Rather, it should eventually strengthen its works, in particular to the benefit of developing countries. I thank you, Madam Chair.

I thank the distinguished delegate of the Islamic Republic of Iran for that statement and now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Zambia. You have the floor, Madam.

Madam Chairperson, I thank you for giving me the opportunity to address the Sixth Committee on this very important agenda item. Zambia aligns itself with the statement delivered by the distinguished representative of the African Group, as well as the statement delivered by the Group of 77 and China. We would also like to extend our appreciation to the Secretary-General and the Codification Division of the Office of Legal Affairs for their comprehensive report and their steadfastness in stewarding the United Nations regional courses in international law. We recognize the integral role that the Program of Assistance has for the last 60 years played in bridging the gap that developing countries often face in the interpretation and application of international legal norms. The fact that the Program of Assistance is indeed a cornerstone of global capacity building cannot be doubted. Madam Chairperson, Zambia recognizes that a predictable international rules-based order is a prerequisite for eradicating poverty and achieving sustainable development. Situated in a dynamic environment where peace, cross-border commerce, shared natural resources, and stability rely heavily on adherence to multilateral frameworks and the peaceful settlement of disputes, a region which is continually presented with complex challenges ranging from climate induced resource pressures to migration and transnational security threats, it is imperative that those entrusted with the resolution of disputes, decision makers, legal experts and jurists are deeply grounded in international law. In this regard, the regional courses in international law for Africa are indispensable for fostering a shared professional culture rooted in equity, predictability, and the United Nations Charter. Madam Chairperson, I am a proud beneficiary of the United Nations Regional Courts in International Law for Africa, which was held in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, from the 5th of February to 2nd March, 2018. Madam Chair, Zambia underscores that a sophisticated comprehension of international law is not academic extravagance, it is a pragmatic imperative. The training, fellowships and comprehensive modules provided by the program of assistance, all of which directly empower our legislative drafters, public defenders and judicial officers to align domestic legislation with global standards are vital as Zambia accelerates its engagement with multilateral human rights systems and seeks to uphold the international human rights framework. Madam Chairperson, Zambia remains deeply concerned that the ongoing United Nations liquidity crisis and subsequent budgetary constraints adversely affect the regular budget allocation for the Programme of Assistance and continue to limit the operational scope and reach of the Programme of Assistance. Restricting these educational resources due to funding shortfalls disproportionately impacts developing states like Zambia, ultimately impeding collective efforts to strengthen the global rule of law, ensure diverse state representation in international legal frameworks, and equitable participation in multilateral forums. In this regard, we express profound gratitude to the United Nations Member States and international partners that have proactively honored their financial commitments and provided voluntary contributions to alleviate these critical liquidity challenges. These unwavering efforts underscore a shared global dedication to preserving the integrity of vital capacity building initiatives like the program of assistance. By prioritizing their financial obligations during a period of severe budgetary strain, Member States and international partners have played a cardinal role in ensuring that international legal education and diplomatic training remain accessible to developing nations, thereby reinforcing the foundation of multilateral cooperation and the global rule of law. Zambia strongly urges all member states to provide further predictable, sustained financial support and voluntary contributions specifically earmarked for the program of assistance. Ensuring robust funding is a direct investment in the global infrastructure that empowers developing nations to engage equitably on the international stage. In conclusion, Zambia reaffirms its steadfast commitment to upholding the tenets of international law and supporting the mandates of this program. Despite our own domestic constraints, we stand ready to collaborate with the Secretariat and fellow member states to promote legal education and foster a rules-based international order that leaves no nation behind. We look forward to continued expansion of this vital educational and capacity building mandate. I thank you, Madam Chairperson.

I thank the distinguished representative of Zambia for his statement, and I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Haiti. Madam, you have the floor.

Thank you, Madam Chair. My delegation aligns itself with the statement delivered by CARICOM and would like to make the following comments. In its national capacity, my delegation is honored to take the floor under item 77 of the agenda on the UN program of assistance in the teaching, study, dissemination, and wider appreciation of international law. We would like to express our deep gratitude to the Secretary-General and the Codification Division of the Office of Legal Affairs for the efforts undertaken to implement this program. On the occasion of the 60th anniversary of this program in 2025, the Haitian delegation reaffirms its importance as a key instrument for promoting rule of law at the international level. Resolution 80/163, adopted by the General Assembly on December 15, 2025, recalls its lasting contribution to the dissemination of international law and underscores the need to ensure the continuity of its services in light of the growing demand for training. We encourage Member States, therefore, to support its implementation and its development. Madam Chair, the POA is of special importance for developing countries, including Haiti. In international order marked by an unequal distribution of institutional capacity and resources, Access to high quality legal training is an important prerequisite for effective participation of states in multilateral work. Indeed, understanding of international law should not be the sole remit of states that have sufficient human, technical, and financial resources. All States should be able to avail themselves of legal scholars, diplomats, and officials that are adequately trained to take part in international negotiations, contribute to the codification and progressive development of international law, defend the legitimate interests, and uphold their conventional obligations. Madam Chair, for Haiti, this requirement is of particular importance, given the institutional, security and socio-economic difficulties that my country is facing. Bolstering national capacities, especially in the legal and diplomatic fields, is a crucial driver for consolidating public institutions, improving the quality of state action, and supporting the participation of the country in multilateral mechanisms. Opportunities for training provided by the United Nations constitute, in this regard, an investment in our national competencies and allow Haitian professionals to enhance their mastery of international legal instruments, as well as mechanisms for peaceful dispute settlement. In light of this, my delegation welcomes the regional courses on international law organized by the Codification Division, as well as the International Law Fellowship Program and the Audiovisual Library of International Law of the UN. These initiatives provide complementary opportunities for training, research, and dissemination of knowledge. We also welcome the holding in 2026 of the Regional Course for Latin America and the Caribbean in Santiago, Chile, from May 6 to 29. as well as the regional course for Africa in Addis Ababa from April 8 to May 1. We encourage the continuation of these programs, with a particular focus placed on the least developed countries and on small island developing states. It is important for the selection modalities to take into account the qualifications of candidates, the relevance of the training for their particular roles, gender equality, and the specific needs of beneficiary countries. In addition, the Haitian delegation underscores the usefulness of the Audiovisual Library of International Law, which provides free of charge educational resources, conferences, and legal documents throughout the world. The development of these digital resources can help to alleviate geographic and financial obstacles to access to legal knowledge, especially for universities, public administrations, and professionals who are not always able to take part in trainings in person. Madam Chair, with regard to Haiti's needs, we would like to emphasize three complementary priorities. First of all, capacity building for national institutions, continued training of diplomats, legal scholars, and public administration, teachers, and other professionals. Secondly, expanding access to educational resources and training opportunities. especially through the regional courses, fellowships, and the development of digital resources. And thirdly, strengthening the link between legal training and the specific needs of states. In this regard, special focus should be placed on treaty law, law of the sea, international environmental law, international humanitarian law, international criminal law, and peaceful dispute settlement. These would be especially useful for Haiti and for other developing countries. We also encourage partnerships between the UN, universities, national institutions for training, and research centers in order to disseminate the knowledge gained to train new generations of specialists, among other benefits. Madam Chair, international law cannot single-handedly fulfill its function unless it is understood and effectively implemented. Its dissemination can help to strengthen trust between states, foster a peaceful dispute settlement, and promote respect for international obligations. My delegation also believes that the program of assistance is much more than simply a training tool. It contributes to more inclusive participation in international governance and improved understanding of common rules. We therefore encourage member states and partner institutions to provide sustainable support for these activities, especially through voluntary contributions that would help to maintain the quality of teaching and that would allow for its expansion. In closing, Madam Chair, access to international legal knowledge is a key element of the sovereign equality of states. By investing in training, dissemination, and the understanding of international law, we are not only bolstering national capacities, but also the foundations of a more just, predictable, and peaceful international order. The Republic of Haiti reaffirms its commitment to the goals of the program and encourages continued efforts to guarantee lasting access for developing countries to this crucial resource. Thank you.

I thank the distinguished delegate of Haiti for that statement and now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Uganda. You have the floor, sir.

Very much, Madam President. It's good to see you up there. Madam Chair, Uganda aligns itself with the statements by G77 and China and the African group on agenda item 77 concerning the United Nations program of assistance in the teaching, study, dissemination, and the wide appreciation of international law. We express our sincere appreciation to the Secretary-General for his comprehensive report, A/81/417, and commend the Codification Division of the Office of Legal Affairs for its dedicated implementation of the program's activities during the reporting period. Uganda recognizes the vital role played by the United Nations Regional Courses in International Law including the recent course for Africa held in Addis Ababa and the International Law Fellowship Program in The Hague. These initiatives expand critical capacity building opportunities for legal professionals from developing countries. My delegation commends the practice of conducting the regional course in international law for Africa in English and French on a rotational basis, which contributes to broadening access to the programme among legal professionals across the continent. In this regard, the group recommends that, where practical and subject to available resources, consideration also should be given conducting future editions of the regional course in other official languages of the United Nations, with a view to further enhancing linguistic diversity, inclusivity and accessibility. Uganda welcomes the successful conduct of International Law Fellowship Programme in The Hague from 29th June to 31st July 2026, and notes with appreciation the continued strong demand for the program from candidates across all regions. We recognize the comprehensive nature of the training provided and acknowledge with appreciation the valuable support provided by the Hague Academy of International Law, the Peace Palace Library, and the Registry of the International Court of Justice, which contributed to the successful conduct of the program. Uganda notes with deep concern the adverse impacts that the Organization's deteriorating liquidity situation and cash conservation measures have placed on the programme. We regret that planning and implementation were delayed and that activities had to rely heavily on extra-budgetary resources. Madam Chair, while we express our profound gratitude to Member States that have provided essential voluntary contributions, Uganda firmly emphasizes that the program of assistance is a core activity of the United Nations that must be anchored on a stable and predictable foundation. In this regard, Uganda strongly supports the inclusion of the program's activities within the proposed program budget for 2027. Madam Chair, the United Nations Audiovisual Library of International Law continues to serve as an invaluable, accessible, virtual training and research center for scholars, practitioners, and students globally. We encourage ongoing efforts to maintain and expand its digital offerings alongside the continued issuance of essential legal publications through desktop publishing. In conclusion, Madam Chair, Uganda reaffirms its unwavering commitment to the Programme of Assistance as an indispensable tool for promoting the rule of law and strengthening international peace and security. We pledge our continued constructive engagement in this regard. I thank you.

I thank the distinguished delegate of Uganda for that statement, and I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Lebanon. You have the floor, sir.

Thank you very much, Madam Chair. Lisa, it is a pleasure to take the floor a second time under your chairmanship.

Madam Chair, the UN Programme of Assistance embodies multilateralism on the ground. The Programme of Assistance provides training and disseminates legal knowledge, namely amongst developing nations. Lebanon, as a member in the Advisory Committee, fully supports this program. My delegation wishes to extend its thanks to the Chair of the Advisory Committee, His Excellency, Mr. Samuel Kooma, Permanent Representative of Ghana, as well as the Secretary of the Committee, Mr. Palik, in addition to the Codification Division, for their contributions to the implementation of the program of assistance, namely under current difficulties. My delegation wishes to make the following remarks. Capacity building contributes to the upholding of the international legal framework. Therefore, the funding of the activities of the program of assistance must be provided from the regular budget. despite the current liquidity crisis. This ensures the stability and continuity of the program. We fully support the efforts made to explore practical solutions and establish partnerships in this regard. Second, We stress the importance of the annual convening of the four training programs. These regional courses constitute the main activity of the program of assistance. Third, We stress the need to strengthen multilingualism. Multilingualism reflects the diversity of legal systems. In this regard, we call for the selection of more lecturers from Arab countries. as they provide valuable regional expertise. In conclusion, it is important to increase visibility for the UN Program of Assistance at scale. And as states, we are institutional conduits. And therefore, every member state can play the role of an ambassador for the UN program of assistance amongst our colleagues, students, universities, and institutes. I thank you, Madam Chair.

I thank the distinguished representative of Lebanon for your statement, and I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Somalia. Madam, you have the floor.

Thank you, Madam Chair. Somalia aligns itself with the statement delivered on behalf of the African Group and wishes to offer a few additional remarks in its national capacity. Chair, The program of assistance represents one of the United Nations' most important investments in the rule of law. For developing countries, particularly in Africa, access to international legal education is not merely an academic exercise. It strengthens our ability to participate meaningfully in the development, interpretation, and application of international law. Chair, we must also recognize the historical context in which the modern international legal order emerged. Many of its foundational rules and institutions developed at a time when much of Africa remained under colonial rule, and when many of today's African member states had not yet attained independence. Our continent was too often subject to rules it had little opportunity to shape. This history makes the teaching, study, and dissemination of international law all the more important. It is not simply a question of ensuring that African states understand and apply existing rules, but of ensuring that African perspectives, experiences, and legal traditions contribute to their continuing development. For Somalia, this has particular significance, whether in protecting our maritime interests, negotiating international agreements, resolving disputes peacefully, or contributing to international peace and security. Our ability to engage effectively with international law depends upon the expertise and institutional capacity available to us. We therefore welcome the continued implementation of the regional courses in international law and the International Law Fellowship Program and commend the Codification Division for its efforts despite the financial challenges facing the organization. The demand for these programs speak for itself. In 2026, the Regional Course for Africa, as many delegations have noted, received 407 applications from 31 countries, yet only 22 participants could attend. Behind these figures are hundreds of legal professionals eager to develop their expertise and serve their countries. They remind us that our challenge is not a lack of interest or talent, but how to ensure that opportunities reach those who need them. Our ambition should not be limited to increasing the number of legal professionals we train, but should extend to the number of people and institutions that benefit from their knowledge. Somalia therefore encourages consideration of a more sustained approach to capacity building and the dissemination of legal knowledge, including opportunities for graduates of the program to share their expertise through national and regional training, mentorship and partnership with universities, judicial institutions and government legal offices. Such an approach would allow the benefits of each fellowship to extend beyond the individual participant while making effective use of existing expertise and resources. We also believe that Africa's institutions must have a greater role in shaping and delivering international legal education. In this regard, Somalia recalls General Assembly resolution 67/91, which recognized the establishment of the African Institute of International Law, dedicated to high-level training and research in international law for the development of Africa. We encourage greater cooperation with African legal and academic institutions, including the Institute, to expand opportunities for practical training, research, and professional exchange. Such partnerships can help ensure that international legal education responds to the needs and priorities of African states, while drawing upon the considerable expertise already available on the continent. Africa must not only be a beneficiary of international legal education, but an active contributor to the development, teaching, and the dissemination of international law. We recognize the financial pressures facing the organization. However, these challenges should encourage us to strengthen partnerships and make more effective use of existing expertise rather than diminish our commitment to international legal education. Sustainable and predictable funding remains essential to preserving the quality, accessibility and continuity of the program. Ultimately, the universal character of international law must be reflected not only in the states bound by its rules, but also in the voices that help shape them, the institutions that teach them, and the generations entrusted with upholding them. I thank you, Chair.

I thank the distinguished delegate of Somalia for that intervention. I now give the floor to the distinguished Permanent Representative of Namibia. You have the floor, Mr. Ambassador.

Thank you, Madam Chair. Namibia aligns itself with a statement delivered by Cameroon on behalf of the African Group and Iran on behalf of the Non-Aligned Movement. Madam Chair, Namibia takes note of the Secretary-General's report, referenced A/81/417, titled "United Nations Programme of Assistance in the Teaching, Study, Dissemination and Wider Appreciation of International Law". Accordingly, Madam Chair, we express our appreciation for the work carried out during the period covered and wish that this program will receive the necessary support to grow in leaps and bounds. Madam Chair, the need for an enhanced wider appreciation, teaching and dissemination of international law could not be better than the times we live in today. It is common knowledge that the fabric of international law is under threat Hence, the urgent call to disseminate the importance of international law to the masses of the universe in advocating for better appreciation for the law in general. Namibia wishes to reiterate that teaching, study, dissemination and appreciation of international law should never be undertaken in a manner that undermines the sovereign equality of states. At the same time, Such dissemination must be carried out in a spirit of a good faith with the objective of strengthening peaceful coexistence among nations and fostering greater understanding between the peoples of the world. Madam Chair, in demonstrating our commitment to the body and progressive development of international law, Namibia participated in the regional course for international law in Africa held in Addis Ababa from 20th February to 14th March 2025. Furthermore, Namibia also looks forward to taking part in the similar course scheduled for 15th March to 7th April 2027. Namibia is of the view that international law can in some instances be as diversified as national law. Henceforth, we stress that the UN programme on the teaching and study of international law should be considered of traditional different approaches of international law that the intention of finding common ground and appreciation for different legal cultures. Accordingly, the teaching, study, dissemination, and wider appreciation of international law should consistently promote respect for the rule of law, peaceful coexistence, the peaceful settlement of disputes, respect for the adherence to international human rights law, the non-politicization of matters of principle, and non-interference in the internal affairs of other states, among other objectives. Madam Chair, it is in this spirit that my delegation supports the Secretary-General's request for all kinds of possible support to sustain the program. Finally, Madam Chair, the teaching, study, dissemination and wider appreciation of international law cannot be overemphasized considering the train times we live in today risking a return to the uncivilized dull drums of History I thank

you Madame chair I thank the for that statement and I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Vietnam you have the floor sir

Thank you, Madam Chair. Vietnam allies itself with the statement delivered by the distinguished representative of Iran on behalf of the Non-Aligned Movement and the statement delivered by the distinguished representative of the Philippines on behalf of ASEAN. In its national capacity, Vietnam would like to make the following remarks. Madam Chair. Vietnam welcomes the report of the Secretary-General for this agenda item, contained in document A/81/417. We express our appreciation to the Office of Legal Affairs, particularly its Codification Division, for the continued efforts in implementing the programme, despite existing resource constraints. Over the past six decades, the program has made valuable contributions to promoting the teaching, study, and dissemination of international law across different regions and legal systems. We recognize the program's important role in strengthening legal knowledge and capacity, particularly in developing countries. We believe that a better understanding of international law contributes not only to enhancing the legal capacity of states, but also to promoting compliance with international obligations, strengthening the rule of law at both national and international levels, and fostering peaceful and cooperative relations among states. Vietnam welcomes the continued implementation of the program's key activities, including the International Law Fellowship Program, the United Nations Regional Courses in International Law, and the United Nations Audiovisual Library of International Law. We highly appreciate the regional courses for Africa, Asia Pacific, Latin America, and the Caribbean, which provide valuable opportunities for legal professionals from developing countries to deepen their knowledge and exchange experiences on contemporary issues of international law. In this regard, we note with appreciation the Regional Course for Asia-Pacific held in Bangkok from 17 November to 10 December 2025, with participation of legal professionals from Vietnam and other countries in the region. We also recognize the contributions of the host countries, international organizations, academic institutions and experts to the successful implementation of these activities. Madam Chair, Vietnam emphasizes the importance of ensuring equitable access to the opportunities provided under the program. Particular attention should be given to geographical and linguistic diversity, as well as the participation of legal professionals from developing countries. We therefore support the continued provision of adequate resources for fellowships and regional training courses, together with efforts to maintain a diverse pool of practitioners representing different legal systems, geographical regions and professional backgrounds. At the same time, we note with concern the impact of the liquidity situation on the implementation of the programme, as reflected in the report. We appreciate voluntary contributions and other forms of support and underscore the importance of predictable and sustainable funding through the regular budget to ensure the continuity and effectiveness of the core activities. Vietnam also recognizes the growing importance of digital technologies in expanding access to international legal knowledge and resources. In this connection, We welcome the continued development of the United Nations Audiovisual Library of International Law, including its lecture series, historic archives, and research materials. We encourage further efforts to make these resources more accessible through online platforms, digital publications, and distance learning opportunities. taking into account linguistic diversity and varying levels of technological capacity. Such efforts should complement rather than replace in-person training and the availability of printed legal materials, which remain important for users with limited access to digital infrastructure. Madam Chair, Vietnam appreciates the contributions of international and regional organizations universities, research institutions, and other partners to the program. We encourage continued cooperation with institutions possessing relevant expertise in international law education and research, including through the sharing of teaching materials, academic exchanges, and other forms of technical support. We also welcome efforts to strengthen professional networks among participants and alumni of the program, which can facilitate continued learning, exchange of experience and cooperation beyond individual training activities. In that spirit, Vietnam remains strongly committed to promoting the teaching, study and examination of international law and ensuring that its benefits reach a broader range of legal professionals and institutions. I thank you, Madam Chair.

I thank the distinguished

delegate of Vietnam for that statement. And now, I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Algeria. You have the floor, sir.

Thank you, Madam Chair, for giving us the floor. We wish to align ourselves with the statement made on behalf of the 77 and China, the Non-Aligned Movement, the African Group, and the Arab Group, and we wish to make the following remarks in our national capacity. We welcome the report by the Secretary-General on the UN program of assistance in the teaching, study, dissemination, and wider appreciation of international law in document A/81/417, which includes a report and information on the implementation of the program of assistance during the reporting period, as well as intended activities for 2027 and relevant financial and administrative implications. We reiterate our steadfast support to the UN program of assistance and the teaching, study, dissemination, and wider appreciation of international law established in 1965. in a period where many countries, namely on the African continent, gained their independence. This program was based on one goal, strengthen knowledge and international law, as well as its dissemination and greater appreciation, in addition to knowledge on the UN Charter principles and purposes. This program constitutes one of the most important pillars of the UN efforts to strengthen the rule of law at the national and international levels, as well as the dissemination of the culture of international law and the principles and goals of the UN Charter to contribute to the culture of international peace and security. and strengthen friendly relations underpinned by cooperation among states. Amid current reforms implemented at the United Nations, namely within the UNAT initiative, and amid current financial hurdles faced by our organizations, we reiterate the need to provide sustainable funding for the UN program of assistance in the teaching, study, dissemination, and wider appreciation of international law from the regular budget. We reiterate the need to continue on this provide the training material and training opportunities for developing states to ensure equitable geographic representation and national capacity building in international law and so as to strengthen developing states' contributions in international legal fora. We welcome the efforts made by the Codification Division of the Office of Legal Affairs in the implementation of the program of assistance and the development of the UN Audiovisual Library of International Law. We stress the need to ensure parity amongst languages and the equitable use of all official languages of the United Nations to implement the principle of multilingualism in the United Nations, which constitutes a cornerstone of our work in the organization. namely through an active dissemination of material in Arab language to strengthen or to respect its status as an official language of the United Nations during regional courses as well as in desktop publishing of documents and various material within the audiovisual library. We call for the dissemination of the use of the Arab language through the holding of Arab training courses, in addition to courses held in other languages, to ensure that training material is adapted to the specificities of our region as well as our legal and developmental needs. We reiterate our strong commitment to the UN principles and the UN Charter principles and purposes to strengthen the UN's capacity to disseminate international law and ensure respect for international law amid multilateralism and genuine international cooperation. I thank you.

Thank you, I think the distinguished representative of Algeria for that intervention and I'll give the floor to the distinguished representative of the Dominican Republic. You have the floor, sir.

Thank you very much, Madam Chair. My delegation aligns itself with the statement made by Uruguay on behalf of the G77 in China. and we are making the following remarks in our national capacity. The Dominican Republic thanks the Secretary-General for presenting his report A/81/417 on the United Nations Programme of Assistance in the Teaching, Study, Dissemination and Wider Appreciation of International Law. We recognize the work of the OLA, in particular the Codification Division, as well as the guidance provided by the Advisory Committee on the implementation of the program. We note with satisfaction that as the report underscores, during the year under review, three regional courses were carried out and the international fellowship program, despite the difficulties in terms of liquidity, we recognize the efforts made to keep these activities running that allow developing countries to strengthen their legal capacities and participate more effectively in the processes of international negotiations. We are grateful for the training opportunities provided to Dominican officials, including the participation of our country this year in the regional course for Latin America and the Caribbean that took place this year in Santiago, Chile. We particularly appreciate the knowledge acquired as well as the exchange of experiences between participants from different countries that contributes to a better understanding of the legal challenges that we share. We also underscore the audio visual library on international law that expands access to teaching resources and research resources and allows the beneficiaries of the program, the benefits of the program rather, to reach a broader audience. Madam Chair, we're concerned about the repercussions of the liquidity situation of the organization on the planning and implementation of these activities. We reaffirm the importance of preserving the annual periodicity of the courses and ensuring sufficient and predictable financing from the regular budget, complemented by voluntary contributions. In this regard, we're delighted to have made this year a contribution to the International Law Fellowship Program. supporting the continuity of these training opportunities, the Dominican Republic reiterates its support to the program of assistance and its goals, investing in knowledge and international law strengthens the capacity of our states to fulfill their obligations to peacefully resolve their disputes, and to participate effectively in multilateral cooperation. Thank you very much.

I thank the distinguished representative of the Dominican Republic for that statement, and I'll give the floor to the distinguished representative of Bangladesh. You have the floor, sir.

Ms. Madam Chair, Bangladesh aligns itself with the statement delivered on behalf of the Non-Aligned Movement. We thank the Secretary General for his report, the Codification Division of the Office of the Legal Affairs for carrying the program through a difficult year, and the Advisory Committee under the chairmanship of Ghana for its guidance. In 1625, Hugo Grotius published On the Law of War and Peace. He had seen that once nations took arms, they seemed to abandon all respect for law, human or divine. He might have concluded that law between nations was an illusion. He concluded the opposite, that even between nations and even in war, there are rules and that those rules can be known, taught, and applied. 340 years later, this assembly built on that idea. When it created the program in 1965, by resolution 2099, it described a wider knowledge of international law as a means for strengthening international peace and security and promoting friendly relations and cooperation among states. Sixty-one years on, that purpose has not changed. What has changed is the demand. Madam Chair, it is worth asking why it matters. International law is usually described by what it fails to prevent. A letter posted in Dhaka arrives in Lagos because of the Universal Postal Union, founded in 1874. An aircraft crosses a dozen borders in a night under the Chicago Convention of 1944. Ships carry our garments to Europe under the law of the sea. The world leans on international law every hour of every day, mostly without noticing that it does. Professor Louis Henkin put it in a single sentence. "It is probably the case that almost all nations observe almost all principles of international law and almost all of their obligations almost all of the time." Breaches make the news precisely because They're exceptions, they're not the norm, and beneath the whole system lies one principle, rested in Article 26 of the Vienna Convention of the Law of the Treaties. Every treaty in force is binding upon the parties to it and must be performed by them in good faith. Madam Chair, international law is also the language of diplomacy, and some of its greatest successes are diplomatic ones. In 1959, at the height of Cold War, 12 states, among them the United States and the Soviet Union, met in Washington and agreed that an entire continent would be shared rather than fought over. Article 1 of the Antarctic Treaty declares that Antarctica shall be used for peaceful purposes only. And Article 5 prohibits nuclear explosions there. Rival territories' claims were not settled. They were set aside by agreement. Today, the treaty has 58 parties, and Antarctica remains a continent devoted to peace and science. A second example belongs to us all. When scientists warned in 1980s that ozone layer was thinning, diplomacy answered with a treaty. The Montreal Protocol became one of the first treaties in the history of the United Nations to be ratified by every state. and the United Nations now expects the ozone layer to recover to its 1980 values by around 2040. Diplomacy finds the agreement, international law makes it last. Madam Chair, that is why this program matters far more than its modest budget suggests. People rarely lose faith in international law because they have studied it. More often, they lose faith because they have not. Every lawyer, diplomat, and teacher trained under this program returns home, able to explain the anomalies of the world are not its rules, and that the law of nations and the United Nations that serves it deserve to be trusted. The program does not only train specialists, it trains the people who carry that understanding to everyone else. The demand is real. In this year, 847 candidates from 121 countries applied for 19 places in the International Law Fellowship Program, and 173 candidates applied for 24 places in the regional courses for Asia Pacific. Bangladesh is grateful that a Bangladeshi participant attended the course in Bangkok, and we thank the government of Thailand and the ESCAP for hosting it. Some of that demand can be met at modest cost, and Bangladesh would like to offer a few practical ideas. Each year, hundreds of candidates are turned away. Those who are not selected could be offered a short-term online course built from the audiovisual library, and it's more than 600 lectures, so that no application is wasted. The alumni of the program are another resource. If each were encouraged to give one lecture or workshop at home, at a university, a bar association, a judicial academy, or a foreign service institute, every fellowship would reach many more people. And the audiovisual library could invite universities and national institutions to add subtitles to its lectures in their own languages under the review of the secretariat so that the law of nations can be heard in Bangla or Swahili as well as in the six official languages. None of these ideas require a new mandate. Each would take international law beyond the specialists and into public life. The next issue, I draw your attention to is to funding. The liquidity situation of the organization delayed every training program this year. A program that carries the mandate of this assembly should not have to wonder each year whether it will take place. Bangladesh therefore supports the inclusion of its activities in the proposed program budget for 2027, and we thank the states whose contributions kept it going. Madam Chair, Grotius wrote for a world that had forgotten law in the heat of war. His answer was not despair. It was to set the law down so that it could be learned. That remains the best answer we have. Bangladesh will continue to support this program so that more people and in more countries know that the law of nations is not the exception in international life. It is the rule. I thank you, Madam Chair.

I thank the distinguished representative of Bangladesh for that statement. And now, to the distinguished delegate of Saudi Arabia, you have the floor.

At the outset, we would like to thank the Secretary-General for the report on the program of assistance. We would also like to express our appreciation for the efforts by the Codification Division of the Office of Legal Affairs in implementing the activities of the program. Madam Chair, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia attaches great importance to international law and its dissemination around the world, and we emphasize the important role of the program of assistance in promoting the knowledge of the international law, in particular in developing states. It also supports the maintenance of international peace and security and the cooperation between states as per the purposes and principles of the Charter. We support the activities and the ongoing organization of regional courses and the fellowship programs. as well as the development of the audio-visual library. We emphasize the continued need to use modern technology to provide greater access to these important sources of knowledge. The Kingdom reiterates the need to take into consideration equitable participation and to encourage the participation of Arab officials in the regional courses, in particular in Asia and the Pacific. We also emphasize the need to take into consideration geographical diversity and the diversity of legal systems when selecting lecturers and experts. And we also encourage the greater use of the Arabic language and providing greater materials in the Arabic language as one of the six official languages of the organization and in a manner that expands the reach of the program. Madam Chair, based on Saudi Arabia's belief in the importance of the program of assistance and out of our continued support for the program, we are pleased to announce our continued voluntary contribution for this year in an amount of $10,000 in support of the program of assistance in the teaching, dissemination, and wider appreciation of international law. And we continue to support and take great interest in disseminating knowledge of international law and to support the international efforts aimed at its dissemination. Thank you, Madam Chair.

I thank the distinguished representative of Saudi Arabia for his statement. And I give the floor now to the distinguished representative of the State of Palestine. Madam, you have the floor.

Thank you, Madam Chair. The State of Palestine thanks the Secretary-General for his report on the United Nations Programme of Assistance in the Teaching, Study, Dissemination and Wider Appreciation of International Law. In an era where global communications are in a state of considerable uncertainty, the program of assistance on international law is critical for promoting the role of the United Nations in generating respect and implementation of international law on the different levels. The State of Palestine stresses its strong support for the UN capacity building and skills management programs, and we reiterate that equitable access to information is fundamental. Therefore, developing regional courses, international law for Africa, Asia, and the Pacific, as well as Latin America and the Caribbean, will continue to ensure a more just, equitable, and inclusive program. The State of Palestine recognizes that for over half a century, the program has been very successful in developing accessible and practical approaches to teaching and disseminating international law. And with credit to thousands of scholars, including many Palestinian diplomats and lawyers, the program has become a powerful forum for preparing future decision makers Indeed, the program is an investment in justice and peace. It is an affirmation of the international community's commitment to the principles and purposes of the UN Charter. We express our gratitude to the states who have provided voluntary contributions to the program, and we thank the Office of the Legal Affairs, in particular the Codification Division, for implementing the program and reinvigorating the multilateral efforts that aim to promote the implementation of international--

A member state and a serial violator of international law sits on the Advisory Committee for the Dissemination of International Law. The same law it writes from the podium of the General Assembly. And we wonder what law is Israel advising on and disseminating, or what criminality Israel is trying to legalize. Is it acquisition of territory by force? threat or use of force, denial of self-determination of peoples, theft of land, mass murder of children, starvation, the use of human shields, or the imposition of an apartheid regime, or is it genocide, crimes against humanity, or war crimes? The absurdity of trying to whitewash their violations of the law by joining the Advisory Committee on the Law. And there is no greater threat to our international law-based order than Israel, who is exceptionally and highlighting an entire people in a way that makes the other genocidees and oppressors throughout history blush. Thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative of the State of Palestine for her statement. And I take it that the delegation of Israel wishes to exercise their right of reply. Before we continue, I wish to recall the Committee that, pursuant to paragraphs 9 and 10 of annex 5 of the rules of procedure of the General Assembly, the number of statements Under right of reply, for any delegation during any given meeting is limited to two per agenda item. The first statement must be limited to 10 minutes and the second to 5 minutes. I invite delegations exercising their right of reply to be as concise as possible and to scrupulously respect these time limits. The distinguished representative of Israel, sir, you have the floor.

Thank you, Madam Chair. It has become all too predictable that bad actors have attempted to hijack the proceedings of this committee for the sole purpose of demonizing my country, and not for the first time, while considering this item. Last year, it was Oman on behalf of the Arab group. Today, it was Libya on behalf of the same group who shamelessly questioned the state of Israel's membership in the advisory committee to the Program of Assistance Initiative, recycling the same copy and paste automatic talking points. Madam Chair, While we sit here today to consider the United Nations program of assistance, a perfect opportunity to discuss the enhancement and improvement of the teaching, study, dissemination, and wider appreciation of international law, it was apparently Libya's turn, on behalf of the Arab group, to divert the discussion into another pointless attempt to weaponize this forum against Israel. What was even more astonishing is that minutes before, desperately trying to create an artificial connection between the agenda item and Israel, and before trying to bully, isolate, and use shameless intimidation tactics against us, the Arab group made great proclamations about the need for inclusivity in their program of assistance initiative. What is perhaps even more remarkable is the apparent belief of the Palestinian delegation, non-member of the United Nations, that they are somehow entitled to determine which member states are fit to serve on United Nations bodies. If the Palestinian delegation is truly committed to fulfilling the program's mandate of, and I quote, "dissemination and appreciation of international law," they have plenty of work to do at home. A good start would be to end the funding of pay-for-slay, rewarding the families of terrorists, stop glorifying terrorism, and exclude anti-Semitic and terrorist propaganda from educational materials. Madam Chair, this tactic has grown old and tiresome, and frankly, it is difficult to see how yet another attempt to politicize the work of this committee served the important mandate before us. The program of assistance The program of assistance exists to promote legal education and foster professional exchange across all regions. It was never intended, it must never be allowed to become a political playground for those like the Arab group or the Palestinians who seek to undermine multilateralism whenever it suits their propaganda strategy. As I previously mentioned, the United Nation is a bubble full of hypocrisy. Madam Chair, outside this UN bubble, Israel has very strong and close relationships and cooperations with many of the Arab groups members in many diverse spheres. Many Israelis interact, do business, advance mutual political interest, and partner with many colleagues from the Arab world. But here at the UN, today, Libya and the Palestinians attempt to tell you a different story. It will not work. Madam Chair, colleagues, this should be a wake-up call for every member state that genuinely believe in equal representation, meaningful participation, and inclusivity. I am a true believer in freedom of speech and the whole that everyone is entitled to represent their interests. However, no one should be singled out. This is a very dangerous trend and an extremely slippery slope. Today it was Libya and the Palestinians against my country, tomorrow it could be you. We must never allow these trends to become normalized, nor should we ever allow bullying and the singling out of individual Member States to become accepted practice. The United Nations was born out of the lessons of history from a time when the international community failed to prevent the breakdown of the international relations. This organization was founded on the fundamental principles of equal participation and representation. We have a responsibility to safeguard and uphold these principles, not only when doing so is convenient, but especially when doing so is challenging. Thank you, Madam Chair.

I thank the distinguished representative of Israel for his statement. And I give the floor now to the distinguished representative of the State of Palestine to exercise their right of reply. Madam, you have the floor.

Thank you, Madam Chair, for giving me the floor. Once again, the Israeli delegation is attacking the delegations in this room, this time attacking the Arab group, calling them dead actors. showcasing and demonstrating the lack of qualities that the Israeli delegation has to serve as a member state on the Advisory Committee on International Law, and then proceeded to call the United Nations full of hypocrisy, but still insisted that they deserve to be a member of the United Nations, let alone a member committee on the Advisory Committee on International Law. No one demonizes Israel more than Israel demonizes itself with its continued violations and crimes, and no one singles Israel more than Israel singles itself with its criminality. Name another member state that violates every international law and every UN resolution and then voluntarily sits on the Advisory Committee of International Law. And again, as a member of the Advisory Committee, I believe that the delegations have the right to ask Israel what part of international law is Israel disseminating. I believe the Israeli delegation owes us an answer. Thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative of the State of Palestine for her statement. And I see delegation of Libya, who would also like to exercise their right of reply. So you have the floor.

Thank you, Madam Chair. I'm not surprised by this response from the delegate of the state of occupation. I do not know how he can theorize and accuse this organization of hypocrisy when they are the state that most violates the resolutions and norms and charter of this organization. It would be more suitable to self-reflect and review their actions over the decades that have passed and not to lecture us in a manner that is not compatible with any custom or international law. Thank you, Madam Chair.

I thank the distinguished representative of Libya for his statement. And I see the delegation of Israel has asked to exercise their right of reply for the second and last time. Sir, you have the floor.

Thank you, Madam Chair. I'll be brief. I'm not sure if I need to do a point of order or a right of reply, but just to put the record straight as in a matter of accuracy, I haven't said about anyone that he's dead actor. I said bad actors. So I think that, you know, this is another way of manipulation or try like to take my language out of context, but just for the matter of accuracy, I said, bad actors. The other thing, I'm not sure that worth a reaction. I believe that, you know, as the book of Exodus remind us in chapter one, verse 12, "But the more they thought to oppress us, the stronger we grew." So, everyone who try to intimidate us, to singling us out, or to attack us in the room, I could just say, we are here, we are members of this United Nation, there is no question about that, and we are member of the advisory opinion, the advisory committee, sorry, and we are proud to be a member of this advisory committee, and we will stay there, and I don't think that I need to react or respond to answer to any question raised in this room, Thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative of Israel for his statement. Those comments are noted. I see the distinguished representative of the State of Palestine for her second and last right of reply. Madam, you have the floor.

Thank you, Madam Chair. Um, so after proceeding, after, um, calling the, the delegations, uh, of, of the unful of hypocrisy, the Israeli delegation just admitted to have called the other delegations bad actors. again, demonstrating their unfitness to be a member of the United Nations, let alone a member of the advisory committee. But they seem to be proud to be a member of the advisory committee. And so we did ask what part of international law are they disseminating, and we still have not received an answer. Not receiving an answer, of course, is an indication of what international law Israel is respecting. Thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative of the State of Palestine for her statement. And the distinguished representative of the State of Palestine was the last speaker for this agenda item this morning. We have therefore concluded our debate on agenda item 77, United Nations Programme of Assistance in the Teaching, Study, Dissemination and Wider Appreciation of International Law. Distinguished delegates, the preparations for a draft resolution under this agenda item are being coordinated by our colleague from Ghana, Mr. Kwasi Oduo Ado-Yobo. As agreed at our first meeting, We will provide the coordinators assigned to each agenda item the opportunity to take the floor to give a brief indication of their plans and, if possible, to already introduce the initial draft of their proposals for draft resolutions, where applicable. As such, could I ask Mr. Kwasi Odei Ado-Yobo of Ghana to take the floor on this agenda item? Sir, you have the floor.

Madam Chair, thank you for giving me the floor. Madam Chair, distinguished delegates, I have the honor of having been appointed by the Bureau of the Sixth Committee to coordinate on its behalf the informal consultations on the resolution on agenda item United Nations Program of Assistance in the Teaching, Study, Dissemination, and Wide Appreciation of International Law. I've taken note of the views expressed by delegations during this debate, and I look forward to the exchange of views between delegations in the informal consultations. I have the intention to circulate as soon as possible a zero draft of the resolution for consideration of delegations. The zero draft will be based on a text of resolution 8/163 adopted by the General Assembly on 15 December 2025 with updates of a technical nature. in the same communication, I'll be informing delegate delegations of the date, time, and venue for the informal consultations. I thank you, Madam Chair.

I thank the distinguished representative of Ghana for that statement, and I'd encourage all of you as the coordinator to use the e-sponsorship module on the e-delegate portal for the circulation of the draft resolution as early as possible and to submit it for processing in good time. Distinguished delegates, the Sixth Committee will now undertake its consideration of agenda item 83, which is the report of the Special Committee on the Charter of the United Nations and on the Strengthening of the Role of the Organization, which was rescheduled from last week. I draw your attention to the following documents that have been issued in connection with the agenda item and which are available on the website of the Sixth Committee: First of all, the report of the 2026 session of the Special Committee contained in document A/81/33. And secondly, the report of the Secretary General on the repertory of practice of the United Nations organs and the repertoire of the practice of the Security Council, which are contained in document A/81/206. At this time, I would like to invite the Vice-Chair of the Special Committee on the Charter of the United Nations and on the Strengthening of the Role of the Organization, Ms. Maugorazda Spraszka of Poland, to take the floor to present this year's report to the Special Committee, and this in absence of the Chair of the Special Committee, Ambassador Alberto Perez Ayestaran of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela. Madam Sprafka, you have the floor.

Thank you very much, Madam Chair. Madam Chair, distinguished delegates, I have the honor and a great pleasure to introduce the report of the 2026 session of the Special Committee on the Charter of the United Nations and on the strengthening of the role of the organization, contained in supplement number 33, A/81/33. special committee met in New York from 18 to 26 February 2026 and continued its deliberations on the questions mandated by the General Assembly resolution 80/166. Allow me now to take you through the report, which consists of five chapters and two annexes. The first of these chapters is entirely procedural. Paragraphs 10 to 14 list all items and proposals that were under consideration by the special committee. Chapter II of the report relates to the maintenance of international peace and security. Paragraphs 16 to 20 pertain to general comments on the topic. Sections A to E of Chapter II then set out the Special Committee's consideration of a number of items under the topic. Section A of chapter two covers the work of the special committee on the question of the implementation of the provisions of the charter relating to assistance to third states affected by the application of sanctions. Paragraphs 21 to 22 of the report reflect the special committee's discussion on this question. As requested in paragraph five of resolution 80/166, The Special Committee was briefed by the Secretariat on developments relating to paragraph 14 of the report of the Secretary-General, A/80/151. A summary of the briefing can be found at paragraph 23 of the report. The Special Committee also addressed the question of the introduction and implementation of sanctions imposed by the United Nations, as set out in section B of chapter II. Paragraphs 24 to 30 of the report reflect the Special Committee's discussion on this question. As requested in paragraph 4 of resolution 80/166, the Special Committee was briefed by the Secretariat on the document entitled "Introduction and implementation of sanctions imposed by the United Nations," contained in the annex to General Assembly resolution 64/155. A summary of the briefing and the following discussion in the Special Committee can be found at paragraphs 31 to 36 of the report. Section C of chapter II, at paragraphs 37 to 40, reflects the Special Committee's consideration of the revised proposal submitted by Libya with a view to strengthening the role of the United Nations in the maintenance of international peace and security. Section D of chapter two at paragraphs 41 to 44 summarizes a discussion on the revised working papers submitted by Belarus and the Russian Federation concerning the request for advisory opinion from the International Court of Justice as to the legal consequences of the resort to the use of force by states without prior authorization by the Security Council except in the exercise of the right to self-defense. The last section of chapter 2, section E at paragraphs 45 to 49, deals with the consideration of the revised working paper submitted by Cuba on the strengthening of the organization and enhancing its effectiveness, adoption of recommendations. Madam Chair, distinguished delegates, I turn now to chapter 3 of the report, which deals with the item on the peaceful settlement of disputes. Paragraphs 50 to 56 pertain to general comments on the topic. Section A of chapter 3 covers the Special Committee's annual thematic debate on the means for settlement of disputes, on the subtopic exchange of information on State practices regarding the use of adoption or combination of additional means. A summary of the debate can be found at paragraphs 57 to 63. As prescribed in paragraph 5B of General Assembly resolution 77/109, the subtopic for the thematic debate in the 2027 session would be exchange of information on state practices regarding the use of exchange of information and communication. Section B of Chapter III at paragraphs 64 to 67 summarizes a discussion on the Russian Federation's proposal recommending that the Secretariat be requested to establish a website dedicated to the peaceful settlement of disputes between States and update the 1992 Handbook on the Peaceful Settlement of Disputes between States. Madam Chair, distinguished delegates, chapter four of the report from paragraph 68 to 82 summarizes the special committee's discussion on the repertory of practice of United Nations organs and the repertoire of the practice of the Security Council. The special committee was briefed by the secretariat on the status of the repertory and the repertoire. The recommendations of the special committee on this item are set out in paragraph 83 of the report. Finally, Madam Chair, distinguished delegates, chapter five of the report concerns the consideration of the remaining items on the agenda of the Special Committee. Section A at paragraphs 84 to 89 reflects a summary of the discussion on the working methods of the Special Committee. Section B concerns the notification of new subjects, paragraphs 90 to 91 pertain to general comments on the topic. Paragraphs 92 to 105 summarize a discussion on specific proposals for the inclusion of new subjects, including three written proposals submitted respectively by Mexico, also on behalf of Brazil, Islamic Republic of Iran, and the Russian Federation on behalf of a group of states, as well as the oral proposal made by Cuba. The written proposals submitted respectively by Mexico, also on behalf of Brazil, and Islamic Republic of Iran are next to the report. Madam Chair, before concluding, I would like to convey my appreciation to all delegations for their cooperation. I would also like to thank the Chair of the Special Committee, His Excellency Mr. Joaquin A. Perez Ayestaran, for his exemplary leadership, and the other members of the Bureau for their invaluable assistance and advice. I thank you.

I thank the very distinguished Vice Chair of the Special Committee Ms. Zborowska from Poland for a thorough and helpful introduction of the report, as well as the chair of the Special Committee, Ambassador Perez Ayestaran, for his efforts. Distinguished delegates, in accordance with the practice of the Committee when considering this item, The Secretariat is to be asked to provide an update on the work on the repertoire of the practice of the Security Council and the repertory of practice of United Nations organs. At this time, I would like to invite Mr. Ahmed Ghannam Ali, Chief of the Security Council Practices and Charter Research Branch of the Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs. to make a statement on the status of the repertoire of the practice of the Security Council. You have the floor, sir.

Thank you for giving me the floor, Madam Chair. Distinguished delegates, I'm grateful for this opportunity to provide the members of the committee with an update on the status of the repertoire of the practice of the Security Council and related activities further to the report of the Secretary-General. A/81/206 of 15 July 2026. In my remarks today, I will focus on the progress achieved in the preparation and publication of the repertoire, our latest research tools on the practice of the Council, and the status of the trust fund. Since our last briefing to the committee on 16 October 2025, the Security Council Practices and Charter Research Branch of the Security Council Affairs Division has maintained course in the preparation of the repertoire in accordance with the set schedule. Our main focus has been on the completion of the 28th supplement and beginning the preparation of the 29th supplement of the repertoire, respectively covering the years 2025 and 2026. As of today, four of the 10 parts of the 20th supplement, covering 2025, have been completed and are available on the Security Council website, with the remaining six parts scheduled to be completed before the end of the year. The Branch completed that work despite the liquidity constraints and staffing shortages during the reporting period. The preparation of the 29th supplement, covering 2026, has also been initiated, and our aim is to start uploading the advanced version during the second quarter of 2027, next year, with a view to having the full publication available online in its advanced version by the end of 2027. The editing and translation of prior editions of the repertoire have also maintained the scheduled course. The final edited version of the 27th supplement covering the year 2024 was published in English in September of this year. Due to the liquidity constraints facing the organization, hard copies of the 2024 volume could not be distributed to permanent missions as in previous years. Nevertheless, hard copies are available with the Secretariat for delegates upon request. Repertoire editions covering the period from 1989 to 2023 are now available online in all six official languages, and we expect the translation of the 2024 volume to be completed in the second quarter of 2027. Esteemed Chair, distinguished delegates, the Branch has continued to prioritize the use of new technologies, including artificial intelligence, as a means of highlighting various aspects of the practice of the Council and enhancing the effectiveness of how we collect and analyze relevant data. The branch currently maintains more than 20 online dashboards and data sets on the practice of the Council. As in every January, this year we released the 2025 edition of the annual highlights of the Security Council practice, which provides concise information and statistics about the Council's work during the year, including with respect to its meetings, decision making, agenda items and subsidiary bodies. The preparation of the 2026 edition of the highlights paper is well underway for release early next year. We also continue to issue the UN Security Council in Review newsletter on a monthly basis, highlighting many of those same elements immediately following the conclusion of each Council presidency. In 2026, the Charter Research Branch is developing a dataset and interactive dashboard on visiting missions of the Security Council since 1964. The dashboard will be launched before the end of the year, with a view to making the information more readily available to Member States. In addition to our work on innovation, the Branch continued to play an important advisory role vis-a-vis Member States by responding to their research requests and participating in capacity building programmes, focused on giving the elected Council members insights into the Council's practices and working methods, as well as the research tools which are at their disposal online. Esteemed Chair, distinguished delegates, the maintenance of the Repertoire publication schedule and the development and maintenance of research tools would not have been possible without the support of Member States. Voluntary contributions to the Trust Fund for the updating of the Repertoire have enabled the Branch to hire the necessary additional staff support to our research, drafting and data analysis work. The interactive dashboard on the State of the Repertoire Trust Fund provides an overview of Member States' contributions since its establishment in 1999 and their support to the Branch through the Junior Professional Officer/Associate Experts programme. Notwithstanding the generous contributions from Member States, the levels of funding for the Trust Fund in recent years have not met envisaged targets to enable us to develop a more long-term and sustained strategy on how we maintain the publication schedule. Since the launching of the annual appeal campaigns in 2021, the Trust Fund has received on average approximately 35% of the requested amounts per year. However, these contributions have been critical to the sustenance of our work. We look forward to broadening our financial contribution base among Member States to support our work and ensure the timely delivery of the repertoire to Member States. Esteemed Chair, distinguished delegates, before closing, I would like to kindly invite delegates to the launch of the 2027 Trust Fund appeal, which will take place in early December and will outline the main objectives for the year. The meeting, the exact date of which will be announced in due course, will also include a questions and answer session on the repertoire and our research tools, with a view to discussing with participating member states the wealth of information and knowledge publicly available on the practice of the Security Council. We count on your continued strong support to achieve these goals and to ensure that the repertoire and associated products remain current, comprehensive and relevant to the work of the members of the Council and all Member States. The Security Council Practices and Charter Research Branch remains at the disposal of your delegations to meet, discuss and provide insight and guidance on all aspects of the current and past practice of the Council and to respond to any questions that you may have. Thank you very much.

I thank Mr. Ghanemali for that statement, and I now have the pleasure of giving the floor to my neighbor on the other side, Mr. Arnold Pronto, Director of the Codification Division, for a statement on the status of the Repertory of Practice of United Nations Organs. You have the floor, sir.

Madame Chair. In the interest of time, I'm going to deliver a significantly abbreviated statement focusing only on particular highlights in our efforts relating to the preparation of the repertory of practice of United Nations organs undertaken during the period under review. More detailed information is to be found in part two of the Secretary-General's report, which is presently under consideration. Indeed, a fuller version of this statement, together with the accompanying chart, will be made available through e-statements. I would like to draw the committee's attention in particular to just the following developments. During the period under review, new studies were prepared as follows. With the assistance of the Faculty of Law at the University of Ottawa in Canada, we have completed the research and drafting of 10 studies with regard to supplement No. 11. It's covering 2010 to 2015. One study for volume 1, article 2, paragraph 3. With regard to supplement number 12, 2016 to 2020, one study for volume two on article 11 and two studies for volume three on articles 31 and 37, respectively. With regard to supplement number 13, that's covering 2021 to 2025, two studies for volume one on articles 2, 4, and 4, two studies for volume three on articles 33 and 51, and two studies on volume six on articles 94 and 96 of the charter. In addition, the codification division has also selected two consultants earlier this year to prepare 14 studies across supplements numbers 11 to 13. A study for volume 6 on articles 104 and 105 of supplement number 11, covering the period 2010 to 2015, is presently still under review by its author department, the Office of Legal Affairs. As mentioned in the Secretary-General's report, no volumes were published by the Department for General Assembly Affairs and Conference Management during the period under review. Finally, I want to take this opportunity to draw your attention to the General Assembly's appeal in resolution 80/166 for States to consider sponsoring associate experts to work on the Repertoire of Practice. That appeal was relayed to all delegations by a note verbale dated 18 December 2025. There have been no new requests for information on the programme since the previous statement. I would call upon delegations to consider contributing to the trust fund for the Repertory, which is for us an indispensable tool, especially, if I may add, after the implementation of UNAT productions. It's an indispensable tool for us to make progress on the publication. As of the end of September this year, the Fund's available balance was US$90,987.33. Allow me to express our gratitude to Cyprus, Qatar and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland for their generous contributions to the Fund. Such contributions are particularly important in light of the financial constraints we are facing, which I have just mentioned. and which are limiting our ability to undertake the necessary work for the preparation of the repertory. And indeed, I would also like to express my gratitude to the Faculty of Law of the University of Ottawa for its continued and valued support. I would finally renew my appeal to delegations to raise the interest of academics in your countries, academic institutions, excuse me, in your countries or regions to participate in the preparation of studies for the repertory. As I've previously mentioned, geographic and linguistic diversity is very important in this context. I thank you for your attention, Madam Chair.

I thank Mr. Pronta for his statement on the status of the Repertory of Practice of United Nations Organs. Distinguished delegates, we shall now begin our debate on the agenda item. And I wish to recall the decision taken at our first meeting that statements delivered in a national capacity should be limited to seven minutes, while statements by groups of states will be limited to 12 minutes. Delegations are strongly encouraged to adhere to the time limits. The first speaker on the list for today is the distinguished representative of the Islamic Republic of Iran, on behalf of the Non-Aligned Movement. You have the floor, sir.

Thank you, Madam Chair. Madam Chair, I have the honor to deliver this statement on behalf of the Non-Aligned Movement. While the Non-Aligned Movement continues to attach great importance to the work of the Special Committee on the Charter of the United Nations and on the Strengthening the role of the organization. It can also play a key role in the current reform process of the United Nations as mandated in Resolution 3499 of 15 December 1975. Over the years, the Committee has worked diligently to produce various documents in the form of declarations and resolutions, such as the Manila Declaration. Negotiated and adopted by the Charter Committee in 1984, the Manila Declaration is only one of the many major achievements of the Committee. Such a body of work demonstrates the committee's strength as an effective forum to clarify and promote general international law and charter provisions. The Special Committee has been also instrumental in the preparation of the handbook on the peaceful settlement of disputes, which needs to be updated in light of the new developments, as well as the practices of member states in this regard. The Non-Aligned Movement is of the view that the United Nations is a central and indispensable forum dedicated to addressing issues relating to international cooperation, economic development and social progress, peace and security, as well as human rights and the rule of law, based on dialogue, cooperation and consensus building among states. In this context, the Movement attaches great importance to strengthening of the role of the United Nations. and recognizes the efforts taken to develop its full potential. The Non-Aligned Movement also reiterates its concerns over the continued encroachment by the Security Council on the functions and powers of the General Assembly and those of the Economic and Social Council through addressing issues which fall within the competence of the latter organs. and the attempts to enter areas of norm setting and establishing definitions which fall within the purview of the General Assembly. The Non-Aligned Movement reaffirms that the reform of the organization should be carried out in accordance with the principles and procedures established by the Charter of the United Nations, while preserving the legal framework of this constitutional instrument. For this purpose, The Special Committee on the Charter of the United Nations and on the Strengthening of the Role of the Organization can contribute to the examination of the legal matters in this process. Madam Chair, the Charter Committee provides an opportunity for Member States to hear from the UN Secretariat regarding all aspects of the introduction and implementation of sanctions imposed by the United Nations in accordance with the guidelines contained in the annex to General Assembly resolution 64/115 of 16 December 2009. It is important to note that this document is a product of the Charter Committee and provides a comprehensive as well as balanced approach to the issue of UN sanctions. As such, we expect that the briefing by the Secretariat will preserve such a balanced approach. In particular, we are interested in hearing more about the perceived objective assessments of the short-term and long-term socioeconomic and humanitarian consequences of sanctions by the Security Council's sanction committees, including the methodology for the assessment of the humanitarian implications of sanctions. We also expect information on the humanitarian consequences of the introduction and implementation of sanctions to be presented, including those which that have a bearing on the basic living conditions of the civilian population of the target state, on its socioeconomic development, and on third states which have suffered or may suffer as a result of their implementation. We also call on the UN Secretariat to develop its capacity on the proper assessment of the unintended side effects of sanctions imposed by the Security Council. In this regard, there is a dire need to enhance the expertise and capacity of the UN Secretariat in order to enable its ability to properly assess the unintended consequences of UN sanctions on civilian populations. The Security Council's imposed sanctions still remain an issue of serious concern to the member countries of the Non-Aligned Movement. It is the movement's view that the imposition of sanctions should be considered as a last resort. Furthermore, targeted sanctions may be imposed only when there exists a threat or breach to international peace and security or an act of aggression in accordance with the Charter. They are not applicable as a preventive measure in any and all instances wherein a violation of international law, norms, or standards takes place. Sanctions are blunt instruments. the use of which raises fundamental ethical questions as to whether the suffering inflicted on vulnerable groups in the target country is a legitimate means of exerting political pressure. The objectives of sanctions are not to punish or otherwise exact retribution on the populace. Sanction regimes should avoid triggering unintended consequences in the targeted state or on third state. which may lead to violation of human rights and fundamental freedoms. They should also avoid hindering humanitarian assistance from breaching the civilian populations. In this regard, the objectives of sanctions regimes should be clearly defined based on tenable ground, legal grounds, and their imposition should be for a specified timeframe. Lastly, such sanctions should be lifted as soon as the objectives are achieved. The conditions demanded of the state or party on which sanctions are imposed should also be distinctly outlined and be subject to monitoring its impacts and periodic review. The movement also expresses its deep concern regarding the imposition of laws or other forms of coercive economic measures against developing countries, including unilateral sanctions, which violate the charter of the United Nations and undermine international law, as well as the rules of the World Trade Organization. Furthermore, the movement calls on countries that have imposed unilateral sanctions to put an end to such sanctions immediately. The Non-Aligned Movement reaffirms the necessity of upholding international law and the purposes and principles of the UN Charter with regard to the question of Palestine under all circumstances and called for the implementation of all relevant UN resolutions. The Non-Aligned Movement condemns the continuing brutal Israeli military campaign against the defenseless Palestinian people, particularly in the Gaza Strip, and retrace the demand for an immediate humanitarian ceasefire and protection of the Palestinian people. The Non-Aligned Movement expresses grave concern regarding the warnings by the United Nations Special Rapporteurs of an unfolding genocide in the Gaza Strip and echoes the call by the UN Special Procedures mandate holders of 16 November 2023 and of the obligation by the international community to prevent the risk of genocide in the Gaza Strip and take all measures to put an end to that. The Non-Aligned Movement continues to call on Israel, the occupying power, to fully respect the 9th July 2004 ICJ advisory opinion entitled Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, as well as the 19th July 2020 24 advisory opinion entitled, "Legal Consequences Arising from the Policies and Practices of Israel in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, Including East Jerusalem." And calls upon all the states and the United Nations to respect and ensure respect of the provisions therein for the realization of the end of Israeli occupation that began in 1967 and the independence of the state of Palestine with East Jerusalem at its capital. The Non-Aligned Movement also takes note of the UN General Assembly's adoption of Resolution 79/232 on request for an advisory opinion of the International Court of Justice on the obligation of Israel in relation to the presence and activities of the United Nations, other international organizations, and third estates. On 19 December 2024, which requests the International Court of Justice to render an advisory opinion on the obligations of Israel under international law with respect to the presence and activities of the UN and other international organizations. The Non-Aligned Movement expresses grave concern regarding the warnings by the United Nations Special Rapporteurs of an unfolding genocide in the Gaza Strip and calls once again for an immediate halt to all attacks on civilians, for the protection of Palestinian civilian population in accordance with international law, including humanitarian and human rights law. The Non-Aligned Movement underscores the importance of the 29th December 2023 application filed by a member state of the movement, South Africa, subsequently supported by a large number of states, instituting proceedings against Israel before the International Court of Justice concerning alleged violations by Israel of its obligations under the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide in relation to Palestinians in the Gaza Strip. The Non-Aligned Movement reiterates the call on Israel to immediately implement the provisional measures ordered by the Court in this regard, and stresses the imperative of accountability for all war crimes and crimes against humanity. Madam Chair, the NAM fully supports all efforts aimed towards promoting the peaceful settlement of disputes based on the provisions of international law and the Charter of the United Nations. In this regard, the annual thematic debates on the means for the settlement of disputes is an important initiative. Highlighted by the NAM to the Charter Committee, a constructive and informative debate was held this year on exchange of information and state practices regarding the use of adaptation or combination of traditional means under the agenda item on peaceful settlement of disputes. Building upon the information presented within the debate, we are looking forward to discussing other means as well in order to work towards better understanding and progress. The movement maintains that these annual thematic debates on means of dispute settlement can contribute to more efficient and effective use of such peaceful means while promoting a culture of peace among member states. Moreover, When the committee exhausts discussions on all means of dispute settlement reflected in Article 33 of the UN Charter, the input and materials collected by this process can provide a valuable basis for further consideration by the committee with an aim towards achieving concrete and result-oriented outcomes. Madam Chair, with respect to the proposals under the agenda items related to the maintenance of peace and security as well as peaceful settlement of disputes, The movement expresses its concern over the reluctance of some member states in engaging within meaningful discussion. The NAM reiterates the need for genuine political will in order to advance the long-standing issues included in the agenda of the committee, and invites member states to fully utilize the capacity of the special committee by bringing new and practical proposals to the committee. The Movement is of the view that the Committee should redouble its efforts, inter alia, to examine suggestions and proposals regarding the Charter and the strengthening of the role of the UN. Moreover, we are ready to engage in discussion with other groups to arrange a work program for the Charter Committee to facilitate any discussion in the future with the aim of enhancing the ability of the UN to achieve its purposes. The Movement takes note of the progress made by the Secretariat since last report in updating the reportory of practice of the United Nations organs and the repertoire of the practice of the Security Council. However, the Movement notes with concern that the backlog in the preparation of volume three of the repertory has not been eliminated yet. In light of this issue, the Movement calls upon the Secretary-General to effectively address this matter on a priority basis. Finally, we express our satisfaction with the availability of studies on the internet, as well as the regular updating of the website of the repertory and repertoire by the codification division. I thank you, Madam Chair.

I thank the distinguished representative of Iran, speaking on behalf of the non-aligned movement, for his statement. And I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Cameroon, speaking on behalf of the African group. So you have the floor.

I thank you for.

Giving me the floor, Madam Chair. I'm happy to see you presiding over this afternoon.

I'm here to deliver a statement on behalf of the African Group. At the outset, the African Group wishes to express its sincere appreciation to the Chair of the Special Committee on the Charter of the United Nations and on the Strengthening of the Role of the Organization, the members of the Bureau, and the Secretariat for their dedicated work during the HRC session. The African Group commends the constructive spirit and flexibility demonstrated by delegation throughout the discussion and welcomes the adoption of the report contained in document A/H.1/33. Madam Chair, the African Group recognized the fundamental importance of the Special Committee in promoting the purpose and principle enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations, strengthening international cooperation and fostering constructive dialogue. as well as contributing to the progressive development of international law and to enhancing the effectiveness, relevance, and legitimacy of the United Nations in addressing contemporary global challenges. The group believe that the revitalization of the working method of the committee is imperative to enable it to fully discharge the mandate entrusted to its persons to General Assembly Resolution 3499. To this end, it is essential to renew our collective commitment to substantive, constructive and inclusive dialogue based on mutual respect and a genuine willingness to reach common understanding. Such an approach will enable the Special Committee to continue on its thorough and balanced consideration of the proposal before it, with a view to achieving concrete, consensual and substantive outcome, including with regard to the legal aspect of the reform of the United Nations, in accordance with the Charter. Furthermore, the consideration of new topics where there is a common understanding of their relevance could provide an opportunity to identify additional avenues for improving the implementation of the provisions of the Charter and strengthening the capacity of the Organization to effectively fulfill its purpose and principles. Those topics shall not impede any important function of the United Nations. Madam Chair, The African group recognizes the peaceful settlement of dispute as a fundamental principle anchor in its regional legal order and which is an essential pillar of cooperation. In this line, the group values the arrangement between the African Union and the United Nation. The African peace and security system advances this commitment through mechanisms such as preventive diplomacy, good offices, mediation, conciliation, fact-finding in close alignment with the provision of Article 33 of Chapter 6 of the United Nations Charter. The group, therefore, calls to reinforce regional cooperation in conformity with the provision of Article 52 and 53 of the Charter. In this regard, the African Group fully support all efforts aimed toward promoting the peaceful settlement of dispute based on provision of international law and the Charter of the United Nations. The group also welcomes the continual annual thematic debate on way and means to peaceful settlement of dispute on the Chapter 6 and expresses its support for the special committee's willingness to further examine these means. The African group reaffirmed its unwavering commitment to multilateralism, the Charter of the United Nations and international law as fundamental pillar for the maintenance of international peace and security. Reiterating its long-standing views, the African Group emphasizes the importance of full and strict adherence to the purpose and principle of the United Nations Charter, particularly those relating to the principle of sovereignty, territorial integrity, and non-interference in the internal affairs of states. With respect to sanctions, the African Group recognizes them as a legitimate tool under international law that may be employed to secure compliance. However, the group reiterates its unwavering position that sanctions should only be resorted to after all other peaceful means of dispute settlement have been exhausted and must at all times be imposed in strict compliance with the Charter. In this regard, humanitarian consideration must remain paramount and sanctions should be applied responsibly while taking appropriate measures to mitigate any adverse effect on the civilian population and on third states. Consistent with this principle, the group would like to stress that unilateral coercive measures and legislation run counter to these fundamental principles of international law as well as several international human rights treaties and the norm and principle governing peaceful relation among member states. African member states strongly object the extra-territorial nature of unilateral coercive measure and call upon all states neither to recognize this measure nor to apply them. Madam Chair, to conclude, the African Group reiterates its strong commitment to the principle and objective of the United Nations, and in this spirit, reaffirm its full support to the mandate of this Special Committee. We trust that in the course of the upcoming session, the Committee will intensify its effort to constructively consider the proposal and solution of all Member States equally, with a view to strengthening the Charter and reinforcing the role of the United Nations. The African Group therefore reiterates its readiness to engage constructively in the work of the Special Committee and to contribute to a process which is guided by the spirit of the Charter, dialogue and the pursuit of consensus. I thank you.

I thank the distinguished.

Representative of Cameroon for his statement on behalf of the African Group. I give the floor to the delegation of the European Union on behalf of the EU and its Member States. So you have the floor.

Thank you, Chair, for giving me the floor. I have the honor to speak on behalf of the European Union and its member states. The candidate countries North Macedonia, Montenegro, Albania, Ukraine, the Republic of Moldova, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and the EFTA country Liechtenstein, member of the European Economic Area, as well as Monaco, San Marino, and the United Kingdom, align themselves with this statement. Chair, We welcome the adoption by the Charter for the second consecutive year of a substantive report by consensus. We thank the Chair, the Bureau and the Secretariat, as well as all delegations whose flexibility made this possible. The European Union and its Member States engaged constructively in this year's session, including in the debate on the maintenance of international peace and security. and in the thematic debate on state practices regarding the adaptation or combination of traditional means of peaceful settlements of disputes. We would like to make the three following remarks. First, on United Nations sanctions. The annual briefing by the Secretariat remains a valuable opportunity to reflect on this essential component of the Security Council's toolbox for maintaining international peace and security. The effectiveness of UN sanctions depends on their full implementation and enforcement by all Member States. It also benefits greatly from the panels of experts. No veto should leave Member States without the independent, technical and fact-based expertise necessary to oversee the implementation of Security Council resolutions. This applies in particular to the panel of experts assisting the 1737 Iran sanctions committee as well as to the panel of experts assisting the 1718 DPRK sanctions committee, which should be both reinstated without further delay. We would welcome a more in-depth discussion on UN sanctions and their circumvention. More broadly, It would also be useful to discuss the consequences of situations in which the UN Security Council is unable to act in response to serious violations of the United Nations Charter, including when a permanent member is involved. Sanctions must be implemented in full compliance with international law, including international human rights law and international humanitarian law. They must respect the rights of the listed persons, especially due process rights. Due process safeguards require constant scrutiny and, where necessary, further improvement. This remains a top priority for the European Union and its Member States. We therefore welcome the appointment of Ms. Yvonne Ching-Ling Lee as focal point for delisting, and we look forward to the full implementation of Resolution 2744. We also reiterate our support for the ombudsperson of the ISIL and Al-Qaeda Sanctions Committee, Ms. Vera Ngwate Ngasa. We note with concern from her latest report that the organization's liquidity situation continues to affect the functioning of her office. As her report recalls, stable institutional and administrative arrangements help safeguard the independence and continuity of the review process. Second, on the peaceful settlement of disputes. In the year of the 80th anniversary of the International Court of Justice, we reaffirm our support for the Court and recall that its orders and judgments are binding on the parties to the dispute. Third, on proposals before the Charter Committee. This year's report again records little progress on most of the proposals that have been on the agenda for years, in some cases for decades. some of which duplicate efforts undertaken elsewhere within the Organization, all which remain divisive. With the UNAT initiative and the revitalization of the work of the General Assembly underway, and with the Organization facing liquidity constraint, we need to consider how we can rationalize and positively revitalize the work of the Charter Committee and make best use of its resources and time. We support concrete measures to this end, including limiting the duration of the Committee's annual session to one week and bringing to a close the Committee's consideration of questions that have been debated for several years and on which consensus does not appear within reach. The processes underway towards the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of Crimes Against Humanity and on the protection of persons in the event of disasters show that we can work together on issues of universal relevance. The Charter Committee would benefit from the same spirit, focused on topics that can foster genuine dialogue and consensus, which ultimately lead to concrete results. The European Union and its Member States remain ready to engage to that end. Chair, Finally, we thank the Secretary-General for his report on the repertory of practices of United Nations organs and the repertory of practices of the Security Council. We commend the Secretariat's progress and encourage further efforts to eliminate the backlog in the repertory. We welcome the two new online dashboards on the Security Council's voting records since 1992 and on the vetoes cast since 1946. We are grateful to all those who contributed to the trust funds, including EU member states, and to the Office of Legal Affairs, in particular the Codification Division. Thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative of the EU delegation for his statement. And I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Libya, speaking on behalf of the Arab group. So you have the floor.

Thank you, Madam Chair. It is my pleasure to deliver the statement on behalf of the Arab Group. First and foremost, I wish to stress the utmost importance we attach to the work of the Special Committee on the Charter and on the strengthening of the role of the Organization in furtherance of the principles and purposes of the Charter. We reiterate the utmost importance that all States respect the UN Charter, including full respect for the principles of international law, IHL and international human rights law, as a sine qua non for the safeguarding of international peace and security. We stress the need to apply these laws universally, without selectivity nor double standards. We encourage the Special Committee to continue its considerations of proposals on its agenda. and we recommend a reflection on the means to strengthen its role in full respect of the mandates of United Nations organs in accordance with the UN Charter. We consider that there is merit in concerting efforts to consider proposals on the Charter and the strengthening of the role of the Organization. And we note the increased interest in Mexico's proposal on the discussion of the application of Article 51, and we consider that an in-depth study in this regard is worthy. This, in turn, will open up horizons for discussion and the enrichment of the work of the Committee. We commend the resolution adopted unanimously by the GA 79/327 on the revitalization of the GA, which reaffirms the importance of the role of the Special Committee, including on issues pertaining to the maintenance of international peace and security and the strengthening of the role of the organization in accordance with Article 1 of GA Resolution 3499 dated the 15th of December 1975. We welcome the discussions held on the means and methods of the peaceful settlement of disputes in accordance with Chapter 6 of the Charter. All peaceful means provided for in Article 33 must be exhausted for the peaceful settlement of disputes. We reiterate our full support to efforts made for the peaceful settlement of disputes in accordance with the provisions of international law and the UN Charter. We reiterate our continuous support to the ICJ as the main judicial organ of the United Nations. We reiterate the importance of its contributions, including its advisory opinions. We reiterate that all states must abide by its provisions, including on the question and especially on the question of Palestine. We reiterate the need for commitment to international law and the principles of objectives of the Charter, as well as ICJ determinations on the Palestinian questions. and the occupying power violated more than 1,000 resolutions of the SC and the GA on Palestine, including commitments under the -- all commitments and obligations under the Charter regarding the inalienable right to self-determination, the prohibition of the use of force, and the prohibition of acquisition of territories by force, rendering the occupying power's presence on the OPT unlawful. We call upon the Security Council to adopt a resolution under Chapter VII to compel the occupying power to abide by SC resolutions on the Palestinian question and end its aggression against the Palestinian people in all its forms. Despite the provisional measures issued by the ICJ on January 26 and March 28, determining the need to end the killing perpetrated by the occupying power and the bodily and mental harm caused to the Palestinian people and the obstruction of births and the need to provide humanitarian assistance and coordination with UNRWA, military aggression, genocide, and starvation have continued. We stress that accountability is one of the main pillars of justice. Therefore, the international community must ensure abidance by the ICJ determination including the provisional measures in the case South Africa versus Israel following the violation of the convention of the prevention and punishment of the crime of genocide. We recall the advisory opinion of the 19th of July 2024 on the legal consequences of the Israeli occupation, which reaffirmed that the occupation must end and that all as rapidly as possible, along with the cessation of all settlement expansion activities. We strongly condemn unlawful Israeli decisions and measures to entrench settlement expansion and impose a new legal and administrative reality in the occupied West Bank to accelerate the annexation and forced displacement of the Palestinian people. There can be no Israeli sovereignty over the OPT. We warn against continuous expansionist Israeli policies and unlawful measures undertaken by the occupying power in the occupied West Bank, stoking strife and violence in the region. We totally reject these unlawful practices, which constitute a blatant violation of international law and an assault to the inalienable right of the Palestinian people to self-determination, the independence of its sovereign state along the 1967 lines with the Jerusalem -- with occupied Jerusalem as its capital. They also undermine the two-state solution and efforts for peace and stability. We reiterate that these unlawful acts in the occupied West Bank are null and void and constitute a blatant violation of SC resolutions, including 2334. These are aimed at changing the status, nature, and demography of the OPT since 1967, including in East Jerusalem. We recall the Advisory Opinion of 2024, which determined that Israeli practices and policies on the OPT and its ongoing presence constitute a blatant violation of international law, and reaffirmed the need to end the unlawful Israeli occupation of the entirety of the OPT. Annexation, in this regard, is null and void. We call for the holding of Israeli officials involved in war crimes, genocide and crimes against humanity accountable for their actions, especially those who consider themselves above the law and with unlimited impunity despite their atrocities. We strongly condemn attacks by the occupying power against Lebanon, a blatant violation of the UN Charter and Resolution 1701. This aggression constitutes a violation of other rules of international law, including IHL and international human rights law. We condemn the Israeli targeting of the UNIFIL in Lebanon, which constitutes a blatant violation of international law. We call upon the occupying power to ensure full and immediate and unconditional withdrawal from Lebanon and the release of Lebanese prisoners. We call for full respect of Lebanon's sovereignty and territorial integrity and unity within internationally recognized borders. strongly condemn ongoing Israeli violations and attacks against the Syrian Arab Republic, including incursions into its territories since December 8, 2024, including civilian abductions and arrests, in addition to airstrikes and unlawful entry of Israeli officials and settlement expansion, as well as the launching of attacks against Lebanon from Syrian territories. These practices constitute a violation of the territorial integrity and and sovereignty of Syria. We call for their cessation and the immediate and full withdrawal of the occupying forces from these territories entered since then in accordance with the 1974 disengagement agreement. We call for full implementation of relevant Security Council resolutions, namely 497 of 1981. We call for full withdrawal from the occupied Syrian Golan. In the same vein, we strongly condemn and denounce the wanton and repeated Israeli attacks against the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, the UAE, the Kingdom of Bahrain, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the Sultanate of Oman, the State of Kuwait, the State of Qatar, and the Republic of Iraq, including through the use of UAVs and missiles, in a blatant violation of the sovereignty of these states and international law, as well as the UN Charter, namely the principle of respect of territory, integrity, and sovereignty, and we hold the Islamic Republic of Iran liable for these attacks. We recall Resolution 2817 of 2026, co-sponsored by 136 countries, strongly condemning the unlawful and blatant Iranian attacks. This resolution acknowledged that attacks through UAVs and missiles constitute a violation of the sovereignty of Arab states, as well as international law and the UN Charter. And this also applies to the Iranian attacks and threats to close down the Strait of Hormuz. and Bab el-Mandeb, as well as its violations of international law, namely the right of transit through international straits. We stress that any attempt to obstruct legitimate transit and the freedom of navigation constitute wrongful international acts. We stress the right by Arab states to defend their vessels and their means of transport under international law. structural force support to the right by Arabs, affected Arab states to have recourse to international and relevant and regional organizations to exhaust legal and diplomatic means to hold Iran accountable for its violations and acquire reparation. and the Islamic Republic of Iran is held fully liable for unlawful and unjustified attacks against Arab states. We call upon it to abide by international obligations under Resolution 2817. We call for respect for relevant Security Council resolutions and obligations arising for the UN Charter, which constitutes a basis for the international rules-based order. Such practices weaken efforts for the strengthening of international peace and security and the strengthening of the role of the United Nations. We reiterate our commitment to constructively participating in the work of the Special Committee, as we've done in the past session. We will continue to undertake our role in the future to serve the noble goals for which this committee was conceived. I thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative of Libya. for your statement on behalf of the Arab Group. And I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Cuba, speaking on behalf of the Group of Friends in Defense of the Charter of the United Nations. So you have the floor.

Thank you very much, Madam Chair. It's my honor to make this statement on behalf of the Group of Friends in defence of the Charter of the United Nations, who took note of the report of the Special Committee in document A/81/33. Madam Chair, the Group of Friends believes that the United Nations Charter constitutes an historic achievement and a true act of faith in the best of humanity for more than 80 years. It has governed international relations on the basis of essential principles, which include the sovereign equality, free determination, non-interference in internal affairs, and preventing the threat to use or the use of force. Strict respect of both its letter and spirit remain essential in order to make the three pillars of our organization a reality and to establish a peaceful, just, and equitable international order. The Group of Friends attaches a high level of importance to the Special Committee as a unique forum to strengthen the role and efficacy of the United Nations, and this pursuant to its founding document. At a time in which the fundamental principles of the UN Charter are facing growing challenges, the mandate of the Committee is all the more important. This provides Member States with an essential opportunity to approach issues to do with the application of the Charter, to promote the peaceful settlement of disputes and to advance concrete proposals geared towards strengthening the Organization. Therefore, we underscore the importance of safeguarding and revitalizing this forum and to enable it to fulfill its mandate through substantive deliberations and constructive deliberations. In this regard, we remain concerned over the lack of willingness of certain member states to participate meaningfully in the review of valuable proposals presented before the committee for a long time by members of our group. We urge all states to show more genuine political will and to participate constructively in order to help achieve meaningful and tangible results. Madam Chair, unilateral coercive measures feature among the most overwhelming examples of flagrant violations of the fundamental principles of international law and of the principles enshrined in the United Nations Charter, in particular sovereign equality and non-interference. These practices also threaten the international legal and economic order and hinder international cooperation, trade and investment and undermine the right and freedom of states to participate in international economic cooperation and to choose the way that they organize their external economic relations. In this regard, we wish to underscore the particular importance of making progress with the guidelines proposed to the Committee on the means and ways of preventing, eliminating, eradicating, minimizing and repairing the adverse effects and repercussions of unilateral coercive measures. Madam Chair, the Group of Friends is committed to spare no effort to safeguard, promote and defend the primacy and validity of the United Nations Charter. We reiterate our firm, principle-based position to support and adhere to its premises, which do not only constitute legally binding norms agreed by all members of the international community in order to govern our system of international relations, but also are essential for the promotion of international peace and security, the rule of law, economic development, and social progress for all. We must not lose sight of this goal as we ramp up our collective efforts to promote our common objectives and ensure that nobody is left behind, thus fulfilling the promise of the United Nations Charter. We reiterate our deep concern over the growing threats made against the Charter. It is also concerning to see attempts to replace its purposes and principles with so-called rules that have never been agreed on through inclusive or transparent processes, and also we're concerned about selective interpretations of the Charter. The consequences of such disregard for the Charter are particularly evident in the ongoing violations committed against members of our group. In this context, We condemn the ongoing attacks against the Palestinian people, as well as against United Nations personnel in Palestine. We also reject the ongoing attempts to undermine the United Nations, including the General Assembly and the International Court of Justice. We, what's more, reiterate our rejection of the protracted economic, trade and financial blockade imposed against Cuba, which is against the principles of the UN Charter and affects the Cuban people's right to development. We also condemn the attacks perpetrated against the Islamic Republic of Iran since the 28th of February 2026 and reaffirm our communication of June 2026 and the joint letter contained in document A/79/985 and S/2023/266. 225481. Madam Chair, by way of conclusion, the Group of Friends reaffirms its unwavering commitment to the preservation, promotion and defence of the United Nations Charter and also to the respect of its principles that remain essential for international peace and security, for the rule of law internationally and for economic development for all. Thank you very much.

I thank the distinguished representative of Cuba for that statement on behalf of the Group of Friends in Defense of the Charter. And I believe that the delegation of the Islamic Republic of Iran would like to exercise its right of reply. Before continuing, I'd like to remind the committee that in accordance with paragraphs 9 and 10 of Annex 5 of the Rules of Procedure of the General Assembly, the number of interventions under right of reply for delegations during one meeting is limited to two, and the interventions should be limited to the first should be limited to 10 minutes, second to five minutes. So I invite the delegation to be as concise as possible and to strictly adhere to the time limit. You have the floor, sir.

Thank you, Madam Chair. We categorically reject the baseless allegations leveled against my country. We reiterate that the measures taken by the Islamic Republic of Iran in response to the blatant aggression against it were undertaken in exercise of our inherent right of self-defense in accordance with international law, including international humanitarian law. The politically motivated narrative advanced against my country seek to reverse the role of victim and aggressors by portraying Iran's defensive measures as though they had occurred in a vacuum. The fact giving rise to the exercise of our right of self-defense cannot be disregarded. On 28 February 2026, my country was subjected to a brutal, unprovoked, and premeditated aggression by the United States and the Israeli regime, resulting in the killing of thousands of Iranian civilians, including women and children. This aggression unfortunately was facilitated by certain countries in the region that placed their territories at the disposal of the aggressor for the conduct of such in these attacks against my country. The prohibition of aggression is a peremptory norm of international law and definition of aggression contained in resolution 3314 of general assembly expressly identified as an act of aggression, the action of a state in allowing its territory to be used by other states for perpetration of an act of aggression against a third state. It is therefore particularly troubling that certain states, which facilitated the aggression against my country, now seek to condemn the unlawful defensive measures taken in response. All countries who place their territories at the disposal of aggressors against my country are responsible under international law, not just for aiding and assisting in these grave violations and international wrongful acts, but also in violating obligations in prohibition of aggression. Our position regarding Security Council resolution, so-called Resolution 2817, It's clear and has been reflected in Tehran documents S/2026/202 and S/2026/389, and we have responded to those allegations before, also in relation to the Strait of Hormuz. Just rejecting the claims of the European Union on a so-called Iran Sanction Committee, I have to mention that on 18 October 2025, Pursuant to operative paragraph 8 of UN Security Council Resolution 2231, all its provisions and those of the preceding terminated sanction resolutions were terminated and have no continuing legal effect. No previously terminated measure may be restated or enforced from that day forward. Any attempt to do so is unlawful, null, and void. As such, claims of so-called reestablishment of the UN Security Council sanctions mechanism are unlawful and devoid of any legal value. This position has also been actively reiterated by many Member States inter alia through joint statements, including the special communique of a group of countries contained in document S/2025/625, as well as joint letters of the Islamic Republic of Iran, China, and the Russian Federation, the latter two being permanent members of the UN Security Council, contained in document S/2025/783, among others. I try to be brief, given the constraints of time. Thank you.

I thank the distinguished representative of Iran for that statement. Ladies and gentlemen, distinguished delegates, the distinguished delegate of Iran was the last speaker on the list for this agenda item for this afternoon. We will continue our debate on agenda item 83, report of the Special Committee on the Charter of the United Nations and on the Strengthening of the Role of the Organization. at our next meeting tomorrow morning at 10:00 a.m. As was decided at the first meeting of the committee, delegations are reminded that the deadline to inscribe for the debates for the first two clusters of the debate on the annual report of the International Law Commission scheduled for next week is tomorrow afternoon at 5:00 p.m. The meeting is adjourned.